Measurement of the π 0 → e + e - γ Dalitz decay at the Mainz Microtron

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Adlarson, P.; Afzal, F.; Aguar-Bartolomé, P.

The Dalitz decay π 0 → e +e -γ has been measured in the γp → π 0p reaction with the A2 tagged-photon facility at the Mainz Microtron, MAMI. The value obtained for the slope parameter of the π 0 electromagnetic transition form factor, a π= 0.030 ± 0.010 tot, is in agreement with existing measurements of this decay and with recent theoretical calculations. The uncertainty obtained in the value of a π is lower than in previous results based on the π 0 → e +e -γ decay.

Measurement of the π 0 → e + e - γ Dalitz decay at the Mainz Microtron

DOE PAGES

Adlarson, P.; Afzal, F.; Aguar-Bartolomé, P.; ...

2017-02-09

The Dalitz decay π 0 → e +e -γ has been measured in the γp → π 0p reaction with the A2 tagged-photon facility at the Mainz Microtron, MAMI. The value obtained for the slope parameter of the π 0 electromagnetic transition form factor, a π= 0.030 ± 0.010 tot, is in agreement with existing measurements of this decay and with recent theoretical calculations. The uncertainty obtained in the value of a π is lower than in previous results based on the π 0 → e +e -γ decay.

[Cross-sectional field pain medicine Q14 - the Mainz model : Development of the pain medicine curriculum in the standard study course at the University Medical School of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz].

PubMed

Kurz, S; Buggenhagen, H; Schwab, R; Laufenberg-Feldmann, R

2017-10-01

Following the amendment of the Medical Licensure Act (ÄAppO) in 2012, pain medicine was introduced as a mandatory subject for students during undergraduate medical training. Medical schools were required to define and to implement adequate curricular and formal teaching structures based on interdisciplinary and multiprofessional requirements according to the curriculum for pain medicine of the German Pain Society. These aspects were considered in the new interdisciplinary curriculum for pain medicine, the so-called Mainz model. A new curriculum based on the Kern cycle was developed and implemented at the Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University in Mainz. Different teaching methods (lectures, interprofessional tutorials and bedside coaching in small groups) were used to impart professional expertise in pain medicine to medical students in an interdisciplinary clinical context. The new curriculum was put into practice and evaluated starting from the winter semester 2014/2015. Before and after the first implementation, medical students were asked about the relevance of pain medicine and their perception of personal competence. The interdisciplinary course in pain medicine was successfully introduced into the degree program based on the curriculum of the German Pain Society and the Kern cycle. With educational support, interdepartmental and multiprofessional collaboration the process of implementation of new interdisciplinary courses can be facilitated. In the future, the question how to increase the amount of practical lessons without increasing the load on teaching resources has to be resolved. Blended learning modules, such as a combination of E‑learning and practical lessons are currently being studied in smaller cohorts.

AGU elects 1986 Fellows

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Eighteen distinguished scientists have been elected Fellows of AGU. The total number of Fellows elected each year may not exceed 0.1% of the total membership at the time of election.The newly elected Fellows are John D. Bossier, Office of Charting and Geodetic Services, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Rockville, Md.Ian S. Carmichael, Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of California, Berkeley.Paul J. Crutzen, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Federal Republic of Germany.Dieter H. Ehhalt, Institute of Atmospheric Chemistry, Jülich, and Department of Geophysics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Federal Republic of Germany.Thomas C. Hanks, U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, Calif.C. G. A. Harrison, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Fla.Stanley R. Hart, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass.Charles W. Howe, Department of Economics, University of Colorado, Boulder.Charlotte E. Keen, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada.T. J. Kukkamäki, Finnish Geodetic Institute, Helsinki.Ronald T. Merrill, Geophysics Program, University of Washington, Seattle.Pearn P. Niiler, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, Calif.Mervyn S. Paterson, Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra.Joseph Pedlosky, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Mass.W. R. Peltier, Department of Physics, University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada.Raymond G. Roble, Solar Variability Section, High-Altitude Observatory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colo.David J. Stevenson, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena.David A. Woolhiser, Southwest Watershed Research Center, Tucson, Ariz.

De Renatu Linguarum Antiquarum in Scholis Publicis Philadelphiae (On the Revival of Classical Languages in the Public Schools of Philadelphia)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Masciantonio, Rudolph

1977-01-01

The enrollment in Latin and Greek classes in the Philadelphia public schools has increased greatly in the last ten years. Courses are offered in elementary as well as secondary schools. An audiolingual approach is used. Available from Universitaet des Saarlandes, Fachbereich 6.2, D-6600 Saarbrueken, West Germany. (Text is in Latin.) (CFM)

Gesellschaft fuer angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik, Scientific Annual Meeting, Universitaet Stuttgart, Federal Republic of Germany, Apr. 13-17, 1987, Reports

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Recent advances in the analytical and numerical treatment of physical and engineering problems are discussed in reviews and reports. Topics addressed include fluid mechanics, numerical methods for differential equations, FEM approaches, and boundary-element methods. Consideration is given to optimization, decision theory, stochastics, actuarial mathematics, applied mathematics and mathematical physics, and numerical analysis.

Development of a Hydrogen Møller Polarimeter for Precision Parity-Violating Electron Scattering

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gray, Valerie M.

2013-10-01

Parity-violating electron scattering experiments allow for testing the Standard Model at low energy accelerators. Future parity-violating electron scattering experiments, like the P2 experiment at the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany, and the MOLLER and SoLID experiments at Jefferson Lab will measure observables predicted by the Standard Model to high precision. In order to make these measurements, we will need to determine the polarization of the electron beam to sub-percent precision. The present way of measuring the polarization, with Møller scattering in iron foils or using Compton laser backscattering, will not easily be able to reach this precision. The novel Hydrogen Møller Polarimeter presents a non-invasive way to measure the electron polarization by scattering the electron beam off of atomic hydrogen gas polarized in a 7 Tesla solenoidal magnetic trap. This apparatus is expected to be operational by 2016 in Mainz. Currently, simulations of the polarimeter are used to develop the detection system at College of William & Mary, while the hydrogen trap and superconducting solenoid magnet are being developed at the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz. I will discuss the progress of the design and development of this novel polarimeter system. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. PHY-1206053.

Extraction of the proton radius from electron-proton scattering data

DOE PAGES

Lee, Gabriel; Arrington, John R.; Hill, Richard J.

2015-07-27

We perform a new analysis of electron-proton scattering data to determine the proton electric and magnetic radii, enforcing model-independent constraints from form factor analyticity. A wide-ranging study of possible systematic effects is performed. An improved analysis is developed that rebins data taken at identical kinematic settings and avoids a scaling assumption of systematic errors with statistical errors. Employing standard models for radiative corrections, our improved analysis of the 2010 Mainz A1 Collaboration data yields a proton electric radius r E = 0.895(20) fm and magnetic radius r M = 0.776(38) fm. A similar analysis applied to world data (excluding Mainzmore » data) implies r E = 0.916(24) fm and r M = 0.914(35) fm. The Mainz and world values of the charge radius are consistent, and a simple combination yields a value r E = 0.904(15) fm that is 4σ larger than the CREMA Collaboration muonic hydrogen determination. The Mainz and world values of the magnetic radius differ by 2.7σ, and a simple average yields r M = 0.851(26) fm. As a result, the circumstances under which published muonic hydrogen and electron scattering data could be reconciled are discussed, including a possible deficiency in the standard radiative correction model which requires further analysis.« less

Quality of life after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer in men with an ileal conduit or continent urinary diversion: A comparative study

PubMed Central

Asgari, M. A.; Safarinejad, M. R.; Shakhssalim, N.; Soleimani, M.; Shahabi, A.; Amini, E.

2013-01-01

Aim: To investigate quality of life (QoL) domains with three forms of urinary diversions, including ileal conduit, MAINZ pouch, and orthotopic ileal neobladder after radical cystectomy in men with muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Materials and Methods: In a prospective study, 149 men underwent radical cystectomy and urinary diversion (70 ileal conduit, 16 MAINZ pouch, and 63 orthotopic ileal neobladder). Different domains of QoL, including general and physical conditions, psychological status, social status, sexual life, diversion-related symptoms, and satisfaction with the treatment were assessed using an author constructed questionnaire. Assessment was performed at three months postoperatively. Results: In questions addressing psychological status, social status, and sexual life, patients with continent diversion had a more favorable outcome (P = 0.002, P = 0.01, and P = 0.002, respectively). The rate of erectile dysfunction did not differ significantly between the three groups (P = 0.21). The rate and global satisfaction was higher with the MAINZ pouch (68.7%) and ileal neobladder (76.2%) as compared with the ileal conduit group (52.8%) (P = 0.002). Conclusion: Continent urinary diversion after radical cystectomy provides better results in terms of QoL as compared with ileal conduit diversion. PMID:24049384

Nanomeasuring and nanopositioning engineering

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jäger, G.; Hausotte, T.; Manske, E.; Büchner, H.-J.; Mastylo, R.; Dorozhovets, N.; Hofmann, N.

2006-11-01

The paper describes traceable nanometrology based on a nanopositioning machine with integrated nanoprobes. The operation of a high-precision long range three-dimensional nanopositioning and nanomeasuring machine (NPM-Machine) having a resolution of 0,1 nm over the positioning and measuring range of 25 mm x 25 mm x 5 mm is explained. An Abbe offset-free design of three miniature plan mirror interferometers and applying a new concept for compensating systematic errors resulting from mechanical guide systems provide very small uncertainties of measurement. The NPM-Machine has been developed by the Institute of Process Measurement and Sensor Technology of the Technische Universitaet Ilmenau and manufactured by the SIOS Messtechnik GmbH Ilmenau. The machines are operating successfully in several German and foreign research institutes including the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Germany. The integration of several, optical and tactile probe systems and nanotools makes the NPM-Machine suitable for various tasks, such as large-area scanning probe microscopy, mask and wafer inspection, nanostructuring, biotechnology and genetic engineering as well as measuring mechanical precision workpieces, precision treatment and for engineering new material. Various developed probe systems have been integrated into the NPM-Machine. The measurement results of a focus sensor, metrological AFM, white light sensor, tactile stylus probe and of a 3D-micro-touch-probe are presented. Single beam-, double beam- and triple beam interferometers built in the NPM-Machine for six degrees of freedom measurements are described.

High-statistics measurement of the η →3 π0 decay at the Mainz Microtron

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Prakhov, S.; Abt, S.; Achenbach, P.; Adlarson, P.; Afzal, F.; Aguar-Bartolomé, P.; Ahmed, Z.; Ahrens, J.; Annand, J. R. M.; Arends, H. J.; Bantawa, K.; Bashkanov, M.; Beck, R.; Biroth, M.; Borisov, N. S.; Braghieri, A.; Briscoe, W. J.; Cherepnya, S.; Cividini, F.; Collicott, C.; Costanza, S.; Denig, A.; Dieterle, M.; Downie, E. J.; Drexler, P.; Ferretti Bondy, M. I.; Fil'kov, L. V.; Fix, A.; Gardner, S.; Garni, S.; Glazier, D. I.; Gorodnov, I.; Gradl, W.; Gurevich, G. M.; Hamill, C. B.; Heijkenskjöld, L.; Hornidge, D.; Huber, G. M.; Käser, A.; Kashevarov, V. L.; Kay, S.; Keshelashvili, I.; Kondratiev, R.; Korolija, M.; Krusche, B.; Lazarev, A.; Lisin, V.; Livingston, K.; Lutterer, S.; MacGregor, I. J. D.; Manley, D. M.; Martel, P. P.; McGeorge, J. C.; Middleton, D. G.; Miskimen, R.; Mornacchi, E.; Mushkarenkov, A.; Neganov, A.; Neiser, A.; Oberle, M.; Ostrick, M.; Otte, P. B.; Paudyal, D.; Pedroni, P.; Polonski, A.; Ron, G.; Rostomyan, T.; Sarty, A.; Sfienti, C.; Sokhoyan, V.; Spieker, K.; Steffen, O.; Strakovsky, I. I.; Strandberg, B.; Strub, Th.; Supek, I.; Thiel, A.; Thiel, M.; Thomas, A.; Unverzagt, M.; Usov, Yu. A.; Wagner, S.; Walford, N. K.; Watts, D. P.; Werthmüller, D.; Wettig, J.; Witthauer, L.; Wolfes, M.; Zana, L. A.; A2 Collaboration at MAMI

2018-06-01

The largest, at the moment, statistics of 7 ×106η →3 π0 decays, based on 6.2 ×107η mesons produced in the γ p →η p reaction, has been accumulated by the A2 Collaboration at the Mainz Microtron, MAMI. It allowed a detailed study of the η →3 π0 dynamics beyond its conventional parametrization with just the quadratic slope parameter α and enabled, for the first time, a measurement of the second-order term and a better understanding of the cusp structure in the neutral decay. The present data are also compared to recent theoretical calculations that predict a nonlinear dependence along the quadratic distance from the Dalitz-plot center.

Andreae is New Editor of Global Biogeochemical Cycles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Andreae, Meinrat O.

2004-10-01

As the incoming editor of Global Biogeochemical Cycles, I would like to introduce myself and my ideas for the journal to Eos readers and to current and potential GBC authors. I've had a somewhat ``roaming'' scientific evolution, coming from ``straight'' chemistry through hard-rock geochemistry to chemical oceanography, the field in which I did my Ph.D. I taught marine chemistry at Florida State University for a number of years, and developed an interest in ocean/atmosphere interactions and atmospheric chemistry. In 1987 I took on my present job at the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, in Mainz, Germany, and, after leaving the seacoast, my interests shifted to interactions between the terrestrial biosphere and atmosphere, including the role of vegetation fires. My present focus is on the role of biogenic aerosols and biomass smoke in regulating cloud properties and influencing climate.

High-statistics measurement of the η → 3 π 0 decay at the Mainz Microtron

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Prakhov, S.; Abt, S.; Achenbach, P.

Here, the largest, at the moment, statistics of 7 × 10 6 η → 3π 0 decays, based on 6.2 × 10 7 η mesons produced in the γp → ηp reaction, has been accumulated by the A2 Collaboration at the Mainz Microtron, MAMI. It allowed a detailed study of the η → 3π 0 dynamics beyond its conventional parametrization with just the quadratic slope parameter α and enabled, for the first time, a mea- surement of the second-order term and a better understanding of the cusp structure in the neutral decay. The present data are also compared to recentmore » theoretical calculations that predict a nonlinear dependence along the quadratic distance from the Dalitz-plot center.« less

Experimental study of the γ p → π 0 η p reaction with the A2 setup at the Mainz Microtron

DOE PAGES

Sokhoyan, V.; Prakhov, S.; Fix, A.; ...

2018-05-01

The data available from the A2 Collaboration at MAMI were analyzed to select the γp → π0ηp reaction on an event-by-event basis, which allows for partial-wave analyses of three-body final states to obtain more reliable results, compared to fits to measured distributions. These data provide the world’s best statistical accuracy in the energy range from threshold to Eγ = 1.45 GeV, allowing a finer energy binning in the measurement of all observables needed for understanding the reaction dynamics.The results obtained for themeasured observables are compared to existing models, and the impact from the new data is checked by the fitmore » with the revised Mainz model.« less

High-statistics measurement of the η → 3 π 0 decay at the Mainz Microtron

DOE PAGES

Prakhov, S.; Abt, S.; Achenbach, P.; ...

2018-06-07

Here, the largest, at the moment, statistics of 7 × 10 6 η → 3π 0 decays, based on 6.2 × 10 7 η mesons produced in the γp → ηp reaction, has been accumulated by the A2 Collaboration at the Mainz Microtron, MAMI. It allowed a detailed study of the η → 3π 0 dynamics beyond its conventional parametrization with just the quadratic slope parameter α and enabled, for the first time, a mea- surement of the second-order term and a better understanding of the cusp structure in the neutral decay. The present data are also compared to recentmore » theoretical calculations that predict a nonlinear dependence along the quadratic distance from the Dalitz-plot center.« less

Experimental study of the γ p →π0η p reaction with the A2 setup at the Mainz Microtron

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sokhoyan, V.; Prakhov, S.; Fix, A.; Abt, S.; Achenbach, P.; Adlarson, P.; Afzal, F.; Aguar-Bartolomé, P.; Ahmed, Z.; Ahrens, J.; Annand, J. R. M.; Arends, H. J.; Bantawa, K.; Bashkanov, M.; Beck, R.; Biroth, M.; Borisov, N. S.; Braghieri, A.; Briscoe, W. J.; Cherepnya, S.; Cividini, F.; Collicott, C.; Costanza, S.; Denig, A.; Dieterle, M.; Downie, E. J.; Drexler, P.; Ferretti Bondy, M. I.; Fil'kov, L. V.; Gardner, S.; Garni, S.; Glazier, D. I.; Gorodnov, I.; Gradl, W.; Günther, M.; Gurevich, G. M.; Hamill, C. B.; Heijkenskjöld, L.; Hornidge, D.; Huber, G. M.; Käser, A.; Kashevarov, V. L.; Kay, S.; Keshelashvili, I.; Kondratiev, R.; Korolija, M.; Krusche, B.; Lazarev, A.; Lisin, V.; Livingston, K.; Lutterer, S.; MacGregor, I. J. D.; Manley, D. M.; Martel, P. P.; McGeorge, J. C.; Middleton, D. G.; Miskimen, R.; Mornacchi, E.; Mushkarenkov, A.; Neganov, A.; Neiser, A.; Oberle, M.; Ostrick, M.; Otte, P. B.; Paudyal, D.; Pedroni, P.; Polonski, A.; Ron, G.; Rostomyan, T.; Sarty, A.; Sfienti, C.; Spieker, K.; Steffen, O.; Strakovsky, I. I.; Strandberg, B.; Strub, Th.; Supek, I.; Thiel, A.; Thiel, M.; Thomas, A.; Unverzagt, M.; Usov, Yu. A.; Wagner, S.; Walford, N. K.; Watts, D. P.; Werthmüller, D.; Wettig, J.; Witthauer, L.; Wolfes, M.; Zana, L. A.; A2 Collaboration at MAMI

2018-05-01

The data available from the A2 Collaboration at MAMI were analyzed to select the γ p →π0η p reaction on an event-by-event basis, which allows for partial-wave analyses of three-body final states to obtain more reliable results, compared to fits to measured distributions. These data provide the world's best statistical accuracy in the energy range from threshold to Eγ=1.45 GeV, allowing a finer energy binning in the measurement of all observables needed for understanding the reaction dynamics. The results obtained for the measured observables are compared to existing models, and the impact from the new data is checked by the fit with the revised Mainz model.

Search for light gauge bosons of the dark sector at the Mainz Microtron.

PubMed

Merkel, H; Achenbach, P; Ayerbe Gayoso, C; Bernauer, J C; Böhm, R; Bosnar, D; Debenjak, L; Denig, A; Distler, M O; Esser, A; Fonvieille, H; Friščić, I; Middleton, D G; Müller, U; Nungesser, L; Pochodzalla, J; Rohrbeck, M; Sánchez Majos, S; Schlimme, B S; Schoth, M; Sirca, S; Weinriefer, M

2011-06-24

A new exclusion limit for the electromagnetic production of a light U(1) gauge boson γ' decaying to e + e- was determined by the A1 Collaboration at the Mainz Microtron. Such light gauge bosons appear in several extensions of the standard model and are also discussed as candidates for the interaction of dark matter with standard model matter. In electron scattering from a heavy nucleus, the existing limits for a narrow state coupling to e + e- were reduced by nearly an order of magnitude in the range of the lepton pair mass of 210 MeV/c2}

Evaluation of the Department of Neurosurgery of the Seoul National University Hospital

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

The Department of Neurosurgery (DNS) of the Seoul National University Hospital (SNUH), belongs to the largest and oldest such institutions in Korea. Because of its growing reputation it is hardly surprising that the DNS draws visitor and scholars for clinical education and academic exchange from far beyond Korea. I myself visited the SNUH in February and March 2013. During this time I composed this evaluation in which I compare the DNS to my home Department at the Johannes Gutenberg-University in Mainz/Germany, as well as the situation of Neurosurgery in Korea and Germany in general. In the first part this evaluation summarizes data concerning equipment, staff and organizational structure, as well as educational and scientific issues of the DNS. In the second part some issues of interest are discussed in special regard to the corresponding practices in Germany. PMID:23908698

Dynamic system simulation of small satellite projects

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Raif, Matthias; Walter, Ulrich; Bouwmeester, Jasper

2010-11-01

A prerequisite to accomplish a system simulation is to have a system model holding all necessary project information in a centralized repository that can be accessed and edited by all parties involved. At the Institute of Astronautics of the Technische Universitaet Muenchen a modular approach for modeling and dynamic simulation of satellite systems has been developed called dynamic system simulation (DySyS). DySyS is based on the platform independent description language SysML to model a small satellite project with respect to the system composition and dynamic behavior. A library of specific building blocks and possible relations between these blocks have been developed. From this library a system model of the satellite of interest can be created. A mapping into a C++ simulation allows the creation of an executable system model with which simulations are performed to observe the dynamic behavior of the satellite. In this paper DySyS is used to model and simulate the dynamic behavior of small satellites, because small satellite projects can act as a precursor to demonstrate the feasibility of a system model since they are less complex compared to a large scale satellite project.

Search at the Mainz Microtron for Light Massive Gauge Bosons Relevant for the Muon g-2 Anomaly

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Merkel, H.; Achenbach, P.; Ayerbe Gayoso, C.; Beranek, T.; Beričič, J.; Bernauer, J. C.; Böhm, R.; Bosnar, D.; Correa, L.; Debenjak, L.; Denig, A.; Distler, M. O.; Esser, A.; Fonvieille, H.; Friščić, I.; Gómez Rodríguez de la Paz, M.; Hoek, M.; Kegel, S.; Kohl, Y.; Middleton, D. G.; Mihovilovič, M.; Müller, U.; Nungesser, L.; Pochodzalla, J.; Rohrbeck, M.; Ron, G.; Sánchez Majos, S.; Schlimme, B. S.; Schoth, M.; Schulz, F.; Sfienti, C.; Širca, S.; Thiel, M.; Tyukin, A.; Weber, A.; Weinriefer, M.; A1 Collaboration

2014-06-01

A massive, but light, Abelian U(1) gauge boson is a well-motivated possible signature of physics beyond the standard model of particle physics. In this Letter, the search for the signal of such a U(1) gauge boson in electron-positron pair production at the spectrometer setup of the A1 Collaboration at the Mainz Microtron is described. Exclusion limits in the mass range of 40 MeV/c2 to 300 MeV/c2, with a sensitivity in the squared mixing parameter of as little as ɛ2=8×10-7 are presented. A large fraction of the parameter space has been excluded where the discrepancy of the measured anomalous magnetic moment of the muon with theory might be explained by an additional U(1) gauge boson.

Experimental study of the γ p → π 0 η p reaction with the A2 setup at the Mainz Microtron

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sokhoyan, V.; Prakhov, S.; Fix, A.

2018-05-29

Here, the data available from the A2 Collaboration at MAMI were analyzed to select the γp → π 0ηp reaction on an event-by-event basis, which allows for partial-wave analyses of three-body final states to obtain more reliable results, compared to fits to measured distributions. These data provide the world’s best statistical accuracy in the energy range from threshold to E γ = 1.45 GeV, allowing a finer energy binning in the measurement of all observables needed for understanding the reaction dynamics. The results obtained for the measured observables are compared to existing models, and the impact from the new datamore » is checked by the fit with the revised Mainz model.« less

Aerospace Medicine and Biology. A Continuing Bibliography with Indexes

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-12-01

GLYCERALDEHYDE AS A SOURCE OF SIMULATION ABOUT THE ORIGIN OF LIFE ENERGY AND MONOMERS FOR PREBIOTIC CONDENSATION URSULA NIESERT (Freiburg, Universitaet, Freiburg...primitive prebiotic replication system. The adsorption of Poly-C, Poly-U, Poly-A, Poly-G, and 5’-AMP, 5’-GMP, 5’-CMP and 5’-UMP onto gypsum was studied. It...Cambridge University Press. 1986. 378 p. For individual titles see A87-49035 to A87-49049. Topics discussed include prebiotic systems and evolutionary

Report of Research at Technische Universitaet Darmstadt on Ultrahard Materials in the B-C-N-Si System

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-06-01

structure at the micro- and nanoscale. In other words, development of nanocomposites, multilayers, and superlattices via appropriate design and control of...C-B and C-N bonds as C-C and B-N bonds. Later, the same research group , based on first-principles total-energy, and dynamic phonon calculations...Vickers hardness values.7 Another research group employed an ab initio evolutionary algorithm42 to resolve the crystal structure of the observed

Interferometric measurement method for Z2 invariants of time-reversal invariant topological insulators

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Grusdt, Fabian; Abanin, Dmitry; Demler, Eugene

2013-05-01

Recently experiments with ultracold atoms started to explore topological phases in 1D optical lattices. While transport measurements are challenging in these systems, ways to directly measure topological quantum numbers using a combination of Bloch oscillations and Ramsey interferometry have been explored (Atala et al., arXiv:1212.0572). In this talk I will present ways to measure the Z2 topological quantum numbers of two and three dimensional time-reversal invariant (TR) topological insulators. In this case non-Abelian Bloch oscillations can be combined with Ramsey interferometry to map out the topological properties of a given band-structure. Our method is very general and works even in the presence of accidental degeneracies. The applicability of the scheme is discussed for different theoretically proposed implementations of TR topological insulators using ultracold atoms. F. G. is grateful to Harvard University for hospitality and acknowledges financial support from Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz (MAINZ).

Psychological distress and psychiatric disorders in primary health care patients in East and West Germany 1 year after the fall of the Berlin Wall.

PubMed

Achberger, M; Linden, M; Benkert, O

1999-04-01

The reunification of Germany confronted citizens in East and West Germany with many changes in their lives. These changes may be considered as critical life events. Especially for those in East Germany, life circumstances drastically changed, and individuals were increasingly required to adopt and develop coping capabilities. In addition to new opportunities and freedom, there was threatening uncertainty about the future. Theories of life events and stress postulate that threat events have an impact on human well-being. It was expected that there would be an increased rate of psychiatric morbidity after unification, especially in the eastern part of Germany. An international study by the WHO on psychiatric disorders in general health care was carried out in 1990, 1 year after the opening of the Berlin Wall, in both parts of Berlin and in Mainz, West Germany. This allowed for a comparison of the prevalence rates of psychiatric disorders among general health care patients in the East and West, after the euphoria immediately following unification had subsided. The prevalence rates of current ICD-10 diagnoses and of subthreshold disorders in East Berlin were similar to the rates in West Berlin and Mainz. The recognition rate of psychiatric disorders by physicians did not differ in East Berlin as compared to West Berlin and Mainz. Contrary to the prediction expected from the literature on individual negative life events, major changes in life circumstances and stressful life events on a societal level within 1 year did not have a major impact on psychological function.

Gesellschaft fuer angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik, Annual Scientific Meeting, Technische Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, West Germany, April 8-11, 1980, Reports. Parts 1 & 2

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

1981-04-01

The main topics discussed were related to nonparametric statistics, plane and antiplane states in finite elasticity, free-boundary-variational inequalities, the numerical solution of free boundary-value problems, discrete and combinatorial optimization, mathematical modelling in fluid mechanics, a survey and comparison regarding thermodynamic theories, invariant and almost invariant subspaces in linear systems with applications to disturbance isolation, nonlinear acoustics, and methods of function theory in the case of partial differential equations, giving particular attention to elliptic problems in the plane.

Technology and techniques for parity experiments at Mainz: Past, Present and Future

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Diefenbach, Juergen

2016-03-01

For almost 20 years the Mainz accelerator facility MAMI delivered polarized electron beam to the parity violation experiment A4 that measured the contributions of strange sea quarks to the proton electromagnetic factors. Parity violation asymmetries were of the order of A ~5 ppm. Currently the A1 collaboration carries out single spin asymmetry measurements at MAMI (A ~20 ppm) to prepare for a measurement of neutron skin depth on lead (A ~1 ppm). For such high precision experiments active stabilization and precise determination of beam parameters like current, energy, position, and angle are essential requirements in addition to precision electron beam polarimetry. For the future P2 experiment at the planned superconducting accelerator MESA in Mainz the requirements for beam quality will be even higher. P2 will measure the weak mixing angle with 0.15 percent total uncertainty and, in addition, the neutron skin depth of lead as well as parity violation in electron scattering off 12C. A tiny asymmetry of only -0.03 ppm creates the needs to combine digital feedback with feedforward stabilizations along with new polarimetry developments like a hydro-Moller and a double-Mott polarimeter to meet the goals for systematic uncertainty. This talk gives an overview of our experience with polarimetry, analog feedbacks and compensation techniques for apparative asymmetries at the A4 experiment. It finally leads to the requirements and new techniques for the pioneering P2 experiment at MESA. First results from beam tests currently carried out at the existing MAMI accelerator, employing high speed analog/digital conversion and FPGAs for control of beam parameters, will be presented. Supported by the cluster of excellence PRISMA and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft in the framework of the SFB1044.

A new measurement of the rare decay eta -> pi^0 gamma gamma with the Crystal Ball/TAPS detectors at the Mainz Microtron

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nefkens, B M; Prakhov, S; Aguar-Bartolom��, P

2014-08-01

A new measurement of the rare, doubly radiative decay eta->pi^0 gamma gamma was conducted with the Crystal Ball and TAPS multiphoton spectrometers together with the photon tagging facility at the Mainz Microtron MAMI. New data on the dependence of the partial decay width, Gamma(eta->pi^0 gamma gamma), on the two-photon invariant mass squared, m^2(gamma gamma), as well as a new, more precise value for the decay width, Gamma(eta->pi^0 gamma gamma) = (0.33+/-0.03_tot) eV, are based on analysis of 1.2 x 10^3 eta->pi^0 gamma gamma decays from a total of 6 x 10^7 eta mesons produced in the gamma p -> etamore » p reaction. The present results for dGamma(eta->pi^0 gamma gamma)/dm^2(gamma gamma) are in good agreement with previous measurements and recent theoretical calculations for this dependence.« less

Photon asymmetry measurements of overrightarrow{γ}p → π0 p for E_{γ}=320-650 MeV

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gardner, S.; Howdle, D.; Sikora, M. H.; Wunderlich, Y.; Abt, S.; Achenbach, P.; Afzal, F.; Aguar-Bartolome, P.; Ahmed, Z.; Annand, J. R. M.; Arends, H. J.; Bantawa, K.; Bashkanov, M.; Beck, R.; Biroth, M.; Borisov, N. S.; Braghieri, A.; Briscoe, W. J.; Cherepnya, S.; Cividini, F.; Costanza, S.; Collicott, C.; Demissie, B. T.; Denig, A.; Dieterle, M.; Downie, E. J.; Drexler, P.; Ferretti-Bondy, M. I.; Filkov, L. V.; Glazier, D. I.; Garni, S.; Gradl, W.; Günther, M.; Gurevich, G. M.; Hall Barrientos, P.; Hamilton, D.; Heid, E.; Hornidge, D.; Huber, G. M.; Jahn, O.; Jude, T. C.; Käser, A.; Kay, S.; Kashevarov, V. L.; Keshelashvili, I.; Kondratiev, R.; Korolija, M.; Krusche, B.; Linturi, J. M.; Lisin, V.; Livingston, K.; Lutterer, S.; MacGregor, I. J. D.; Macrae, R.; Mancell, J.; Manley, D. M.; Martel, P. P.; McGeorge, J. C.; McNicoll, E. F.; Middleton, D. G.; Miskimen, R.; Mullen, C.; Mushkarenkov, A.; Neganov, A. B.; Neiser, A.; Nikolaev, A.; Oberle, M.; Ostrick, M.; Owens, R. O.; Otte, P. B.; Oussena, B.; Paudyal, D.; Pedroni, P.; Polonski, A.; Prakhov, S.; Rajabi, A.; Robinson, J.; Rosner, G.; Rostomyan, T.; Sarty, A.; Schumann, S.; Sokhoyan, V.; Spieker, K.; Steffen, O.; Sfienti, C.; Strakovsky, I. I.; Strandberg, B.; Strub, Th.; Supek, I.; Tarbert, C. M.; Thiel, A.; Thiel, M.; Thomas, A.; Unverzagt, M.; Usov, Yu. A.; Watts, D. P.; Werthmüller, D.; Wettig, J.; Wolfes, M.; Witthauer, L.; Zana, L.

2016-11-01

High-statistics measurements of the photon asymmetry Σ for the overrightarrow{γ}p→π0p reaction have been made in the center-of-mass energy range W=1214-1450 MeV. The data were measured with the MAMI A2 real photon beam and Crystal Ball/TAPS detector systems in Mainz, Germany. The results significantly improve the existing world data and are shown to be in good agreement with previous measurements, and with the MAID, SAID, and Bonn-Gatchina predictions. We have also combined the photon asymmetry results with recent cross-section measurements from Mainz to calculate the profile functions, \\check{Σ} (= σ0Σ), and perform a moment analysis. Comparison with calculations from the Bonn-Gatchina model shows that the precision of the data is good enough to further constrain the higher partial waves, and there is an indication of interference between the very small F-waves and the N(1520) 3/2- and N(1535) 1/2- resonances.

Symposium Gyro Technology 1984; Proceedings of the Symposium, Universitaet Stuttgart, West Germany, September 11, 12, 1984

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sorg, H.

Among the topics discussed are: drift and scale factor tests on the SEL fiber gyro; integrated optical rate sensor development; and the beam geometry of a ring laser gyro in relation to its performance. Consideration is also given to: a fast filtering technique for measuring random walk in a laser gyro; vibratory gyroscopic sensors; a redundant strapdown reference for advanced aircraft flight control systems; and a low-cost piezoelectric rate/acceleration sensor. Additional topics include: an inertial guidance system for a Low-Earth-Orbit (LEO) vehicle; and signal disturbance effects in a strapdown northfinder.

Gesellschaft fuer angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik, Annual Scientific Meeting, Universitaet Regensburg, Regensburg, West Germany, April 16-19, 1984, Proceedings

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Problems in applied mathematics and mechanics are addressed in reviews and reports. Areas covered are vibration and stability, elastic and plastic mechanics, fluid mechanics, the numerical treatment of differential equations (general theory and finite-element methods in particular), optimization, decision theory, stochastics, actuarial mathematics, applied analysis and mathematical physics, and numerical analysis. Included are major lectures on separated flows, the transition regime of rarefied-gas dynamics, recent results in nonlinear elasticity, fluid-elastic vibration, the new computer arithmetic, and unsteady wave propagation in layered elastic bodies.

The Practical Activities of German Intellectuals under the Influence of the French Revolution.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gilli, Marita

1988-01-01

Discusses the activities of German intellectuals who became political activists in France and Germany during the French revolutionary period. Examines how literature became a means to revolutionize the philosophy of these writers. Describes the revolutionary continuum in Germany from the Mainz Republic to the 1848 revolution. (GEA)

Photon asymmetry measurements of $$\\overrightarrow{\\gamma}p \\rightarrow \\pi^{0} p$$ γ → p → π 0 p for $$E_{\\gamma}=$$ 320-650 MeV

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gardner, S.; Howdle, D.; Sikora, M. H.

High-statistics measurements of the photon asymmetry Σ for themore » $$\\overrightarrow{\\gamma}p \\rightarrow \\pi^{0} p$$ reaction have been made in the center-of-mass energy range W = 1214–1450 MeV. The data were measured with the MAMI A2 real photon beam and Crystal Ball/TAPS detector systems in Mainz, Germany. The resulting measurements significantly improve the existing world data and are shown to be in good agreement with previous measurements, and with the MAID, SAID, and Bonn-Gatchina predictions. We have also combined the photon asymmetry results with recent cross-section measurements from Mainz to calculate the profile functions, $$\\check{Σ}$$ (= σ 0Σ), and perform a moment analysis. Comparison with calculations from the Bonn-Gatchina model shows that the precision of the data is good enough to further constrain the higher partial waves, and there is an indication of interference between the very small F-waves and the N(1520)3/2 - and N(1535)1/2 - resonances.« less

Photon asymmetry measurements of $$\\overrightarrow{\\gamma}p \\rightarrow \\pi^{0} p$$ γ → p → π 0 p for $$E_{\\gamma}=$$ 320-650 MeV

DOE PAGES

Gardner, S.; Howdle, D.; Sikora, M. H.; ...

2016-11-17

High-statistics measurements of the photon asymmetry Σ for themore » $$\\overrightarrow{\\gamma}p \\rightarrow \\pi^{0} p$$ reaction have been made in the center-of-mass energy range W = 1214–1450 MeV. The data were measured with the MAMI A2 real photon beam and Crystal Ball/TAPS detector systems in Mainz, Germany. The resulting measurements significantly improve the existing world data and are shown to be in good agreement with previous measurements, and with the MAID, SAID, and Bonn-Gatchina predictions. We have also combined the photon asymmetry results with recent cross-section measurements from Mainz to calculate the profile functions, $$\\check{Σ}$$ (= σ 0Σ), and perform a moment analysis. Comparison with calculations from the Bonn-Gatchina model shows that the precision of the data is good enough to further constrain the higher partial waves, and there is an indication of interference between the very small F-waves and the N(1520)3/2 - and N(1535)1/2 - resonances.« less

Impact of hypoxia and the metabolic microenvironment on radiotherapy of solid tumors. Introduction of a multi-institutional research project.

PubMed

Zips, Daniel; Adam, Markus; Flentje, Michael; Haase, Axel; Molls, Michael; Mueller-Klieser, Wolfgang; Petersen, Cordula; Philbrook, Christine; Schmitt, Peter; Thews, Oliver; Walenta, Stefan; Baumann, Michael

2004-10-01

Recent developments in imaging technology and tumor biology have led to new techniques to detect hypoxia and related alterations of the metabolic microenvironment in tumors. However, whether these new methods can predict radiobiological hypoxia and outcome after fractionated radiotherapy still awaits experimental evaluation. The present article will introduce a multi-institutional research project addressing the impact of hypoxia and the metabolic microenvironment on radiotherapy of solid tumors. The four laboratories involved are situated at the universities of Dresden, Mainz, Munich and Würzburg, Germany. The joint scientific project started to collect data obtained on a set of ten different human tumor xenografts growing in nude mice by applying various imaging techniques to detect tumor hypoxia and related parameters of the metabolic microenvironment. These techniques include magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy, metabolic mapping with quantitative bioluminescence and single-photon imaging, histological multiparameter analysis of biochemical hypoxia, perfusion and vasculature, and immunohistochemistry of factors related to angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis. To evaluate the different methods, baseline functional radiobiological data including radiobiological hypoxic fraction and outcome after fractionated irradiation will be determined. Besides increasing our understanding of tumor biology, the project will focus on new, clinically applicable strategies for microenvironment profiling and will help to identify those patients that might benefit from targeted interventions to improve tumor oxygenation.

Gesellschaft fuer angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik, Scientific Annual Meeting, Universitaet Stuttgart, Federal Republic of Germany, Apr. 13-17, 1987, Reports

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Recent experimental, theoretical, and numerical investigations of problems in applied mechanics are discussed in reviews and reports. The fields covered include vibration and stability; the mechanics of elastic and plastic materials; fluid mechanics; the numerical treatment of differential equations; finite and boundary elements; optimization, decision theory, stochastics, and actuarial analysis; applied analysis and mathematical physics; and numerical analysis. Reviews are presented on mathematical applications of geometric-optics methods, biomechanics and implant technology, vibration theory in engineering, the stiffness and strength of damaged materials, and the existence of slow steady flows of viscoelastic fluids of integral type.

Bilateral Cochlear Implantation in Children: Experiences and Considerations

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bohnert, Andrea; Spitzlei, Vera; Lippert, Karl L.; Keilmann, Annerose

2006-01-01

Between 2000 and 2006, the University Clinic for Ear Nose and Throat and Communication Disorders in Mainz, Germany, performed 41 bilateral cochlear implantations in children. This article addresses some of the factors to be considered in a decision to bilaterally implant a child, including the age of the child at the first implant, the length of…

Measurement of fine particulate and gas-phase species during the New Year's fireworks 2005 in Mainz, Germany

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Drewnick, Frank; Hings, Silke S.; Curtius, Joachim; Eerdekens, Gunter; Williams, Jonathan

The chemical composition and chemically resolved size distributions of fine aerosol particles were measured at high time resolution (5 min) with a time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (TOF-AMS) during the New Year's 2005 fireworks in Mainz, central Germany. In addition, particle number concentrations and trace gas concentrations were measured using a condensation particle counter (CPC) and a proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer (PTR-MS). The main non-refractory components of the firework aerosol were potassium, sulfate, total organics and chloride. Increased trace gas mixing ratios of methanol, acetonitrile, acetone and acetaldehyde were observed. Aerosol nitrate and ammonium concentrations were not significantly affected by the fireworks as well as the measured aromatic trace gases. The sub-micron aerosol concentrations peaked about 20 min after midnight with total mass concentrations larger than 600 μg m -3. The trace gas concentrations peaked about 30 min later. Using the sulfur-to-potassium concentration ratio measured in another fireworks aerosol, it was for the first time possible to estimate the relative ionization efficiency of aerosol potassium, measured with the TOF-AMS. Here we found a value of RIE K=2.9.

Order of Battle of the United States Army World War II

DTIC Science & Technology

1945-12-01

Emil ...1 Lar 1945’: 13 Dec IS 13 Doc 1944- !; 13 Doc 1944 •3.3 Deo 1944 Maj Gen Emil F Rheinhardt Col Lloyd H Gibbons ’ ’’ Brig Gen Robert V Maraist...land • • ’ ’•’ ! Glen-Munchve Her . j Kaisers lautern Bad Durkheim . • Rbckenhausen . ..-..• Mainz ’ Wiesbaden Li’ch : Pfalz Pfalz Pfalz : Pfalz

Proton radius from electron scattering data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Higinbotham, Douglas W.; Kabir, Al Amin; Lin, Vincent; Meekins, David; Norum, Blaine; Sawatzky, Brad

2016-05-01

Background: The proton charge radius extracted from recent muonic hydrogen Lamb shift measurements is significantly smaller than that extracted from atomic hydrogen and electron scattering measurements. The discrepancy has become known as the proton radius puzzle. Purpose: In an attempt to understand the discrepancy, we review high-precision electron scattering results from Mainz, Jefferson Lab, Saskatoon, and Stanford. Methods: We make use of stepwise regression techniques using the F test as well as the Akaike information criterion to systematically determine the predictive variables to use for a given set and range of electron scattering data as well as to provide multivariate error estimates. Results: Starting with the precision, low four-momentum transfer (Q2) data from Mainz (1980) and Saskatoon (1974), we find that a stepwise regression of the Maclaurin series using the F test as well as the Akaike information criterion justify using a linear extrapolation which yields a value for the proton radius that is consistent with the result obtained from muonic hydrogen measurements. Applying the same Maclaurin series and statistical criteria to the 2014 Rosenbluth results on GE from Mainz, we again find that the stepwise regression tends to favor a radius consistent with the muonic hydrogen radius but produces results that are extremely sensitive to the range of data included in the fit. Making use of the high-Q2 data on GE to select functions which extrapolate to high Q2, we find that a Padé (N =M =1 ) statistical model works remarkably well, as does a dipole function with a 0.84 fm radius, GE(Q2) =(1+Q2/0.66 GeV2) -2 . Conclusions: Rigorous applications of stepwise regression techniques and multivariate error estimates result in the extraction of a proton charge radius that is consistent with the muonic hydrogen result of 0.84 fm; either from linear extrapolation of the extremely-low-Q2 data or by use of the Padé approximant for extrapolation using a larger range of data. Thus, based on a purely statistical analysis of electron scattering data, we conclude that the electron scattering results and the muonic hydrogen results are consistent. It is the atomic hydrogen results that are the outliers.

Optimizing the Construction of the A1 Collaboration Neutron Detector

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chinn, Edward; A1 Collaboration

2016-09-01

We report on the design and construction of a frame designed to optimize both the time efficiency and construction quality of the large scintillator elements These elements will be assembled to form a neutron detector for use by the A1 Collaboration at the Institute for Nuclear Physics in Mainz, Germany. The design had to provide adequate support for the 20 kg scintillator bars while gluing light guides and photomultiplier tubes to both sides of the bars using optical cement. The optical cement requires approximately 24 hours to dry and 100 bars have to be glued with this apparatus. To address each of these issues, several different prototypes were designed and reviewed. The selected apparatus minimized size to meet space constraints, with reduced material cost and provided the most time-efficient way to build the neutron detector. Once the schematic design was selected, we produced technical drawings in AutoDesk Inventor. Assembled the structure and completed gluing of the first batch of scintillators, in order to verify the performance. This apparatus was successful at producing high quality scintillators which were evaluated using cosmic rays. National Science Foundation Grant No. IIA-1358175.

[Deficits in medical counseling in olfactory dysfunction].

PubMed

Haxel, B R; Nisius, A; Fruth, K; Mann, W J; Muttray, A

2012-05-01

Olfactory dysfunctions are common with a prevalence of up to 20% in the population. An impaired sense of smell can lead to specific dangers, therefore, counseling and warning of hazardous situations to raise patient awareness is an important medical function. In this study 105 patients presenting to the University of Mainz Medical Centre with dysosmia were evaluated using a questionnaire. For quantification of the olfactory dysfunction a standardized olfactory test (Sniffin' Sticks) was used. Of the patients 46% were hyposmic and 40% were functionally anosmic. The median duration of the olfactory impairment was 10 months and the main causes of dysosmia were upper respiratory tract infections and idiopathic disorders. More than 90% of the patients consulted an otorhinolaryngologist and 60% a general practitioner before presenting to the University of Mainz Medical Center. More than two thirds of the patients conducted a professional activity, 95% of patients reported that they had not received any medical counseling and 6% of the subjects were forced to discontinue their profession because of olfactory dysfunction. In patients with olfactory dysfunctions appropriate diagnostics, including olfactometry should be performed. Furthermore, correct medical counseling concerning necessary additional arrangements (e.g. installation of smoke or gas detectors, precautions while cooking or for hygiene) has to be performed. For patients in a profession an analysis of the hazards at work is crucial.

Data Acquisition Software for Experiments at the MAMI-C Tagged Photon Facility

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Oussena, Baya; Annand, John

2013-10-01

Tagged-photon experiments at Mainz use the electron beam of the MAMI (Mainzer MIcrotron) accelerator, in combination with the Glasgow Tagged Photon Spectrometer. The AcquDAQ DAQ system is implemented in the C + + language and makes use of CERN ROOT software libraries and tools. Electronic hardware is characterized in C + + classes, based on a general purpose class TDAQmodule and implementation in an object-oriented framework makes the system very flexible. The DAQ system provides slow control and event-by-event readout of the Photon Tagger, the Crystal Ball 4-pi electromagnetic calorimeter, central MWPC tracker and plastic-scintillator, particle-ID systems and the TAPS forward-angle calorimeter. A variety of front-end controllers running Linux are supported, reading data from VMEbus, FASTBUS and CAMAC systems. More specialist hardware, based on optical communication systems and developed for the COMPASS experiment at CERN, is also supported. AcquDAQ also provides an interface to configure and control the Mainz programmable trigger system, which uses FPGA-based hardware developed at GSI. Currently the DAQ system runs at data rates of up to 3MB/s and, with upgrades to both hardware and software later this year, we anticipate a doubling of that rate. This work was supported in part by the U.S. DOE Grant No. DE-FG02-99ER41110.

Speleothem Mg-isotope time-series data from different climate belts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Riechelmann, S.; Buhl, D.; Richter, D. K.; Schröder-Ritzrau, A.; Riechelmann, D. F. C.; Niedermayr, A.; Vonhof, H. B.; Wassenburg, J.; Immenhauser, A.

2012-04-01

Speleothem Mg-isotope time-series data from different climate belts Sylvia Riechelmann (1), Dieter Buhl(1), Detlev K. Richter (1), Andrea Schröder-Ritzrau (2), Dana F.C. Riechelmann (3), Andrea Niedermayr (1), Hubert B. Vonhof (4) , Jasper Wassenburg (1), Adrian Immenhauser (1) (1) Ruhr-University Bochum, Institute for Geology, Mineralogy and Geophysics, Universitätsstraße 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany (2) Heidelberg Academy of Sciences, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany (3) Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Institute of Geography, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 21, D-55128 Mainz, Germany (4) Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands The Magnesium isotope proxy in Earth surface research is still underexplored. Recently, field and laboratory experiments have shed light on the complex suite of processes affecting Mg isotope fractionation in continental weathering systems. Magnesium-isotope fractionation in speleothems depends on a series of factors including biogenic activity and composition of soils, mineralogy of hostrock, changes in silicate versus carbonate weathering ratios, water residence time in the soil and hostrock and disequilibrium factors such as the precipitation rate of calcite in speleothems. Furthermore, the silicate (here mainly Mg-bearing clays) versus carbonate weathering ratio depends on air temperature and rainfall amount, also influencing the soil biogenic activity. It must be emphasized that carbonate weathering is generally dominant, but under increasingly warm and more arid climate conditions, silicate weathering rates increase and release 26Mg-enriched isotopes to the soil water. Furthermore, as shown in laboratory experiments, increasing calcite precipitation rates lead to elevated delta26Mg ratios and vice versa. Here, data from six stalagmite time-series Mg-isotope records (Thermo Fisher Scientific Neptune MC-ICP-MS) are shown. Stalagmites from caves in Morocco, Germany and Peru are presented. The lowest mean Mg-isotope compositions are found in two Pleistocene Moroccan stalagmites (delta26Mg: -4.26 ± 0.07‰ and -4.17 ± 0.15‰). The cyclical shifts in both stalagmites are best explained by periods of increasing and decreasing aridity. In contrast, Holocene Peruvian stalagmites (0 to 14 ka) show a high mean delta26Mg-value of -3.96 ± 0.04‰ and a very low level of variability in time. This is probably due to the equatorial climate lacking significant variations in temperature and/or rainfall amount. Changes in precipitation rate show effects in stalagmites from western Germany and Peru resulting in a small variability exceeding the error of the delta26Mg-values. Stalagmites from Western Germany (BU 4 mean delta26Mg: -4.20 ± 0.10‰; AH-1 mean delta26Mg: -4.01 ± 0.07‰) are, in terms of the factors that control isotope fractionation, complex. This is because factors such as precipitation rate, changes in silicate versus carbonate weathering ratios, air temperature and rainfall amount interfere in a highly complicated manner.

Neutral Pion Photoproduction on Neutron

DOE PAGES

Bulychev, S. A.; Kudryavtsev, A. E.; Kulikov, V. V.; ...

2018-03-12

The reaction γn → π 0n is investigated both theoretically and experimentally as an important step toward determining the electromagnetic coupling constants of the N* and Δ* resonances. We analyze the data on the collisions of γ quanta with energies between 200 and 800 MeV with a deuterium target collected by the A2 experiment in Mainz, Germany. Furthermore, these complement the data for neutral-pion photoproduction on protons obtained by the same experiment.

Measurements of Gas-phase H2so4, Oh, So2 and Aerosol Size Distribution On Mount Zugspitze At The Schneefernerhaus: Estimation of Sources and Sinks of Sulfuric Acid

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Uecker, J.; Hanke, M.; Kamm, S.; Umann, B.; Arnold, F.; Poeschl, U.; Niessner, R.

Gas-phase sulfuric acid and OH have been measured by the novel MPI-K ULTRA- CIMS (ultra-trace gas detection by CIMS technique) at the Schneefernerhaus( 2750 m asl; below the summit of Mount Zugspitze, Germany) in October 2001. These mea- surements were accompanied by measurements of SO2 with another MPI-K CIMS instrument and aerosol size distribution measurements by DMPS (differential mobil- ity particle sizer) operated by the Institut fuer Wasserchemie (Technische Universitaet Muenchen). In that way a data set was obtained which allows investigating major sources and sinks of sulfuric acid under relative clean conditions. H2SO4 and espe- cially OH concentrations are relatively well correlated to solar flux. Noon maximum concentrations of OH and H2SO4 of 6.5·106 and 2·106 cm-3, respectively, were ob- served. The average SO2 concentrations were below 20 ppt. The aerosol size distribu- tion was obtained in 39 size ranges from 10 to 1056 nm. Typical aerosol concentrations are in the range of 400 to 1800 cm-3 during the discussed period of time. An estima- tion of the production rate of H2SO4 was inferred building on the reaction of SO2 and OH, while the loss rate was calculated by considering the condensation of H2SO4 on aerosol particles (Fuchs and Sutugin approach). Results of the measurements and calculations will be discussed.

Proton radius from electron scattering data

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Higinbotham, Douglas W.; Kabir, Al Amin; Lin, Vincent

Background: The proton charge radius extracted from recent muonic hydrogen Lamb shift measurements is significantly smaller than that extracted from atomic hydrogen and electron scattering measurements. The discrepancy has become known as the proton radius puzzle. Purpose: In an attempt to understand the discrepancy, we review high-precision electron scattering results from Mainz, Jefferson Lab, Saskatoon and Stanford. Methods: We make use of stepwise regression techniques using the F-test as well as the Akaike information criterion to systematically determine the predictive variables to use for a given set and range of electron scattering data as well as to provide multivariate errormore » estimates. Results: Starting with the precision, low four-momentum transfer (Q 2) data from Mainz (1980) and Saskatoon (1974), we find that a stepwise regression of the Maclaurin series using the F-test as well as the Akaike information criterion justify using a linear extrapolation which yields a value for the proton radius that is consistent with the result obtained from muonic hydrogen measurements. Applying the same Maclaurin series and statistical criteria to the 2014 Rosenbluth results on GE from Mainz, we again find that the stepwise regression tends to favor a radius consistent with the muonic hydrogen radius but produces results that are extremely sensitive to the range of data included in the fit. Making use of the high-Q 2 data on G E to select functions which extrapolate to high Q 2, we find that a Pad´e (N = M = 1) statistical model works remarkably well, as does a dipole function with a 0.84 fm radius, G E(Q 2) = (1 + Q 2/0.66 GeV 2) -2. Conclusions: Rigorous applications of stepwise regression techniques and multivariate error estimates result in the extraction of a proton charge radius that is consistent with the muonic hydrogen result of 0.84 fm; either from linear extrapolation of the extreme low-Q 2 data or by use of the Pad´e approximant for extrapolation using a larger range of data. Thus, based on a purely statistical analysis of electron scattering data, we conclude that the electron scattering result and the muonic hydrogen result are consistent. Lastly, it is the atomic hydrogen results that are the outliers.« less

[Croatian Medical Association--Branch Zagreb].

PubMed

Kaić, Zvonimir; Sain, Snjezana; Gulić, Mirjana; Mahovlić, Vjekoslav; Krznarić, Zeljko

2014-01-01

The available literature shows us that "Druztvo ljeciteljah u Zagrebus (the Society of Healers in Zagreb) was founded as far back as the year 1845 by a total of thirteen members. This data allows us to follow the role of doctors and health workers in Zagreb through their everyday profession, research, organizational and social work as well as management through a period of over one hundred to seventy years. The Branch Zagreb was active before the official establishment of subsidiaries of CMA which is evident from the minutes of the regular annual assembly of the Croatian Medical Association on 21 March 1948. Until the end of 1956, there was no clear division of labor, functions and competencies between the Branch and the Main Board. Their actions were instead consolidated and the Branch operated within and under the name of Croatian Medical Association. In that year the Branch became independent. The Branch Zagreb is the largest and one of the most active branches of the Croatian Medical Association. At the moment, the Branch brings together 3621 members, regular members--doctors of medicine (2497), doctors of dental medicine (384), retired physicians (710), and associate members (30 specialists with higher education who are not doctors). The Branch is especially accomplished in its activities in the area of professional development of its members and therefore organizes a series of scientific conferences in the framework of continuous education of physicians, allowing its members to acquire necessary points for the extension of their operating license. The choir "Zagrebacki lijecnici pjevaci" (Zagreb Physicians' Choir) of the Croatian Medical Music Society of the CMA and its activities are inseparable from the Branch Zagreb. The Branch is firmly linked to the parent body, the CMA, and thus has a visible impact on the strategy and the activities of the Association as a whole. Most professional societies of the CMA have their headquarters in Zagreb and this is inevitably reflected in their overall function. The Branch Zagreb supports the harmonious development of health care throughout the territory of the Republic of Croatia. Cities of Zagreb and Mainz, are cities--friends and the CMA Branch Zagreb works together and exchanges visits with mem- bers of the Medical Society of Mainz for years. Next year professional and scientific cooperation between the Branch Za- greb of CMA and the Medical Society of Mainz will mark four decades.

Proton radius from electron scattering data

DOE PAGES

Higinbotham, Douglas W.; Kabir, Al Amin; Lin, Vincent; ...

2016-05-31

Background: The proton charge radius extracted from recent muonic hydrogen Lamb shift measurements is significantly smaller than that extracted from atomic hydrogen and electron scattering measurements. The discrepancy has become known as the proton radius puzzle. Purpose: In an attempt to understand the discrepancy, we review high-precision electron scattering results from Mainz, Jefferson Lab, Saskatoon and Stanford. Methods: We make use of stepwise regression techniques using the F-test as well as the Akaike information criterion to systematically determine the predictive variables to use for a given set and range of electron scattering data as well as to provide multivariate errormore » estimates. Results: Starting with the precision, low four-momentum transfer (Q 2) data from Mainz (1980) and Saskatoon (1974), we find that a stepwise regression of the Maclaurin series using the F-test as well as the Akaike information criterion justify using a linear extrapolation which yields a value for the proton radius that is consistent with the result obtained from muonic hydrogen measurements. Applying the same Maclaurin series and statistical criteria to the 2014 Rosenbluth results on GE from Mainz, we again find that the stepwise regression tends to favor a radius consistent with the muonic hydrogen radius but produces results that are extremely sensitive to the range of data included in the fit. Making use of the high-Q 2 data on G E to select functions which extrapolate to high Q 2, we find that a Pad´e (N = M = 1) statistical model works remarkably well, as does a dipole function with a 0.84 fm radius, G E(Q 2) = (1 + Q 2/0.66 GeV 2) -2. Conclusions: Rigorous applications of stepwise regression techniques and multivariate error estimates result in the extraction of a proton charge radius that is consistent with the muonic hydrogen result of 0.84 fm; either from linear extrapolation of the extreme low-Q 2 data or by use of the Pad´e approximant for extrapolation using a larger range of data. Thus, based on a purely statistical analysis of electron scattering data, we conclude that the electron scattering result and the muonic hydrogen result are consistent. Lastly, it is the atomic hydrogen results that are the outliers.« less

[From scabies room to modern specialty department. 90 years Ludwigshaven Dermatology Clinic].

PubMed

Voigtländer, V; Boslet, W; Tully, G

2000-12-01

The dermatology clinic Ludwigshafen was founded in 1910. Dr. Siegfried Fuss was head of the clinic for almost 40 years. The clinic's history reflects the rapid industrial growth of the city, the destruction of two world wars and the progress of dermatology during this century. Today, the clinic is an academic teaching hospital affiliated with the University of Mainz with 45 beds and offers a broad spectrum of modern dematological diagnostic procedures and therapies.

Polarized Compton Scattering Experiments at the Mainz Microtron

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Martel, Philippe

2017-01-01

Interactions between an electromagnetic wave and a proton are described at the basic level by the mass, charge, and anomalous magnetic moment of the proton. Such a description, however, assumes a point-like particle, something the proton is certainly not. The internal structure of the proton leads to higher order terms, such as the scalar and vector polarizabilities, in the interaction. To study these polarizabilities, a multi-experiment program has been undertaken at the Mainz Microtron to measure observables in Compton scattering that exhibit dependence on these parameters. This program has made use of the A2 tagged photon beam, with either a linear or circular polarization, proton targets of either unpolarized LH2 or frozen-spin butanol with transverse or longitudinal polarization, as well as the nearly 4 π detection capability of the Crystal Ball and TAPS detectors. The first of these measurements, the double-polarization asymmetry Σ2 x, also the first of its kind, has already been published. Measurements of the beam asymmetry Σ3 and another double-polarization asymmetry Σ2 z have also been performed and are in various stages of analysis and publication. This talk will discuss the status of these measurements, as well as various fitting studies that are being performed with the data in hand, and plans for future measurements. on behalf of the A2 collaboration at MAMI.

[Telephone Counseling for Pathological Gamblers as Immediate Access to the Health Care System: Acceptance and Use of The Mainzer Behavioral Addiction Helpline].

PubMed

Aster, Rebecca; Quack, Anke; Wejbera, Martin; Beutel, Manfred E

2018-05-14

Despite extensive psychosocial consequences, just a small number of pathological gamblers participates in counseling or treatment. Telephone helplines should facilitate pathological gamblers' access to the health care system. There is a lack of research on the use and the effects of such facilities in Germany. The present research focuses on the question whether telephone helplines facilitate pathological gamblers' access to the health care system. All first time calls due to a gambling problem received by the behavioral addiction helpline of the University Medical Center Mainz between 2013 and 2016 were analyzed by SPSS. Of the 773 calls analyzed, 89% were from male gamblers. 79.7% reported gambling in slot machine arcades as the primary problem. 66.6% received a referral for a diagnostic in-person assessment at the outpatient clinic for behavioral addiction of the University Medical Center Mainz. 80.4% made an appointment, of which 81.3% were kept. Men were more likely to keep the appointment. Only a few callers had found out about the behavioral addiction helpline by gambling providers. Telephone helplines facilitate pathological gamblers' access to the health care system.There is a deficit in the propagation of such an offer by gambling providers. Telephone helplines should be communicated more actively to problem gamblers in all gambling venues. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

Ice nucleation active particles in continental air samples over Mainz, Germany

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pummer, Bernhard G.; Pöschl, Ulrich; Fröhlich-Nowoisky, Janine

2016-04-01

Aerosol particles are of central importance for atmospheric chemistry and physics, climate and public health. Some of these particles possess ice nucleation activity (INA), which is highly relevant for cloud formation and precipitation. In 2010, air filter samples were collected with a high-volume filter sampler separating fine and coarse particles (aerodynamic cut-off diameter 3 μm) in Mainz, Germany. In this study, the INA of the atmospheric particles deposited on these filters was determined. Therefore,they were extracted with ultrapure water, which was then measured in a droplet freezing assay, as described in Fröhlich-Nowoisky et al. (2015). The determined concentration of ice nucleators (INs) was between 0.3 and 2per m³ at 266 K, and between5 and 75 per m³ at 260 K. The INs were further characterized by different treatments, like heating (308 K, 371 K), filtration (0.1 μm, 300 kDa), and digestion with papain (10 mg/ml). We further investigated, which atmospheric conditions (e.g. weather) and distinguished events (e.g. dust storms, volcanic eruptions, and pollen peaks) influenced the number and nature of these INs. Fröhlich-Nowoisky, J., Hill, T. C. J., Pummer, B. G., Yordanova, P., Franc, G. D., and Pöschl, U.: Ice nucleation activity in the widespread soil fungus Mortierella alpina, Biogeosci., 12, 1057-1071, doi:10.5194/bg-12-1057-2015, 2015.

Channeling experiments at planar diamond and silicon single crystals with electrons from the Mainz Microtron MAMI

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Backe, H.; Lauth, W.; Tran Thi, T. N.

2018-04-01

Line structures were observed for (110) planar channeling of electrons in a diamond single crystal even at a beam energy of 180 MeV . This observation motivated us to initiate dechanneling length measurements as function of the beam energy since the occupation of quantum states in the channeling potential is expected to enhance the dechanneling length. High energy loss signals, generated as a result of emission of a bremsstrahlung photon with about half the beam energy at channeling of 450 and 855 MeV electrons, were measured as function of the crystal thickness. The analysis required additional assumptions which were extracted from the numerical solution of the Fokker-Planck equation. Preliminary results for diamond are presented. In addition, we reanalyzed dechanneling length measurements at silicon single crystals performed previously at the Mainz Microtron MAMI at beam energies between 195 and 855 MeV from which we conclude that the quality of our experimental data set is not sufficient to derive definite conclusions on the dechanneling length. Our experimental results are below the predictions of the Fokker-Planck equation and somewhat above the results of simulation calculations of A. V. Korol and A. V. Solov'yov et al. on the basis of the MBN Explorer simulation package. We somehow conservatively conclude that the prediction of the asymptotic dechanneling length on the basis of the Fokker-Planck equation represents an upper limit.

[Epidemiologic, infectiologic and immunologic results from gynecologic HIV consultation at the Mainz University Gynecologic Clinic].

PubMed

Friese, K; Rossol, S; Voth, R; Hess, G; Kreienberg, R; Meyer zum Büschenfelde, K H

1989-04-01

For more than two years, all HIV-positive women were seen in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in cooperation with the Department of Internal Medicine of the University of Mainz, for medical care and therapy, if necessary. Of 40 HIV-infected female patients who were treated, 25 women were followed up every three to six months. Most of the latter live in rural areas or outside the cities in the State Rhineland Palatinate, FRG. 52% of them are or were former intravenous drug abusers, and 44% had been infected by sexual transmission. Only one-third use condoms during intercourse, another third reject this kind of protection. The rest are without cohabitation for various reasons. 23 pregnancies are known in this group and in 20% of the cases HIV infection were discovered during prenatal care. Gynaecological and obstetrical findings are reported. 80% of the patients have had a recurrent candida infection of the vagina, which was detected by culture. Immunologically, 75% of the patients belong to stage III (according to the CDC classification). Out of this group, more than 50% show less than 400 CD4 (+) cells/microliters. A positive result for HIV-Ag, anti-p41 and negative anti-p24 was seen in five cases. One of the four patients with AIDS died of a rapidly growing cancer of the cervix.

A Path Where No Man Thought; Nuclear Winter and the End of the Arms Race

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brasseur, Guy

In 1982, Paul Crutzen, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany, and John Birks, University of Colorado, Boulder, published a provocative paper suggesting that the smoke from the fires triggered by potential massive nuclear explosions would generate profound changes in the chemical composition and physical state of the Earth's atmosphere. A year later, a group of five scientists, Richard Turco, Brian Toon, Tom Ackerman, Jim Pollack, and Carl Sagan, showed, on the basis of model calculations, that the Earth would cool significantly following nuclear explosions and that the climatic impacts of a nuclear war would affect not only the country attacked but also the aggressor. This group, which received the acronym of TTAPS, showed that the number of fatalities resulting from the indirect climatic perturbations could be at least as large as the number of humans directly killed by the explosions. Two of the authors of the TTAPS theory, Carl Sagan and Richard Turco, have summarized 10 years of extensive research and public controversy following the publication of the nuclear winter hypothesis. In their fascinating book they try to analyze how the concept of nuclear winter has changed the attitude of the political world, has contributed to the improvement of political relations between the two superpowers, and has initiated a revision of geopolitical and military theories.

International Symposium on Gas Kinetics (11th) Held in Assisi (Perugia), Italy on 2-7 September 1990. Book of Abstracts

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-09-07

as traditional, themes in Gas Phase Kinetics. Highlighted topics include: A) Atmospheric Chemistry; B) Theory of Reactive, Inelastic, and...KINETICS AND SPECTROSCOPY OF EXCITED SPECIES OBTAINED VIA DETONATION OF LEAD AZIDE 0-20 C.Nyeland (Copenhagen, Denmark) COLLISION THEORY OF "FALL-OF...J.P.Burrows, and G.K.Moortgat (Mainz, W.Germany) POSSIBLE ABIOTIC SOURCES OF N2 0 B - THEORY OF REACTIVE, INELASTIC, AND PHODISSOCIATIVE PROCESSES B-i

The East German Research Landscape in Transition Part A: Status and Transition

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-03-02

traditional Meteorologisches Observatorium Potsdam, and Prof. Siegfried Marx of the Karl - Schwarzschild -Observatorium Tautenburg. G804L32-00-01 07 APR...Telefax: +37 (091) 53409 or 51959 The Ministry is on Breiter Weg (the former Karl -Marx StraBe) north of Wilhelm Pieck Allee, near Alter Markt. Non...27 69 Karl StraBe 4 D/W-6900 Heidelberg Telephone: +49 (6221) 54-3265 Telefax: +49 (6221) 54-3355 Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur Mainz

Parameterization-based tracking for the P2 experiment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sorokin, Iurii

2017-08-01

The P2 experiment in Mainz aims to determine the weak mixing angle θW at low momentum transfer by measuring the parity-violating asymmetry of elastic electronproton scattering. In order to achieve the intended precision of Δ(sin2 θW)/sin2θW = 0:13% within the planned 10 000 hours of running the experiment has to operate at the rate of 1011 detected electrons per second. Although it is not required to measure the kinematic parameters of each individual electron, every attempt is made to achieve the highest possible throughput in the track reconstruction chain. In the present work a parameterization-based track reconstruction method is described. It is a variation of track following, where the results of the computation-heavy steps, namely the propagation of a track to the further detector plane, and the fitting, are pre-calculated, and expressed in terms of parametric analytic functions. This makes the algorithm extremely fast, and well-suited for an implementation on an FPGA. The method also takes implicitly into account the actual phase space distribution of the tracks already at the stage of candidate construction. Compared to a simple algorithm, that does not use such information, this allows reducing the combinatorial background by many orders of magnitude, down to O(1) background candidate per one signal track. The method is developed specifically for the P2 experiment in Mainz, and the presented implementation is tightly coupled to the experimental conditions.

Threshold e- p⟶ nνe scattering and the electron neutrino mass

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ciborowski, Jacek; Rembieliński, Jakub

2017-12-01

The most precise measurement of the electron neutrino mass has been obtained from the shape of the electron energy spectrum near the endpoint in tritium decay. The Mainz and Troitsk experiments indicated an excess instead of expected depletion of counts in that region. Results derived from such measurements are subject to numerous atomic corrections which are absent in the scattering e- p ⟶ nνe. This new idea is presented in the article, with its advantages and difficulties, and is compared to the method of tritium decay.

Innovative remotely-controlled bending device for thin silicon and germanium crystals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

De Salvador, D.; Carturan, S.; Mazzolari, A.; Bagli, E.; Bandiera, L.; Durighello, C.; Germogli, G.; Guidi, V.; Klag, P.; Lauth, W.; Maggioni, G.; Romagnoni, M.; Sytov, A.

2018-04-01

Steering of negatively charged particle beams below 1 GeV has demonstrated to be possible with thin bent silicon and germanium crystals. A newly designed mechanical holder was used for bending crystals, since it allows a remotely-controlled adjustment of crystal bending and compensation of unwanted torsion. Bent crystals were installed and tested at the MAMI Mainz MIcrotron to achieve steering of 0.855-GeV electrons at different bending radii. We report the description and characterization of the innovative bending device developed at INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro (LNL).

First heavy ion beam tests with a superconducting multigap CH cavity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Barth, W.; Aulenbacher, K.; Basten, M.; Busch, M.; Dziuba, F.; Gettmann, V.; Heilmann, M.; Kürzeder, T.; Miski-Oglu, M.; Podlech, H.; Rubin, A.; Schnase, A.; Schwarz, M.; Yaramyshev, S.

2018-02-01

Very compact accelerating-focusing structures, as well as short focusing periods, high accelerating gradients and short drift spaces are strongly required for superconducting (sc) accelerator sections operating at low and medium energies for continuous wave (cw) heavy ion beams. To keep the GSI-super heavy element (SHE) program competitive on a high level and even beyond, a standalone sc cw linac (Helmholtz linear accelerator) in combination with the GSI high charge state injector (HLI), upgraded for cw operation, is envisaged. Recently the first linac section (financed by Helmholtz Institute Mainz (HIM) and GSI) as a demonstration of the capability of 217 MHz multigap crossbar H-mode structures (CH) has been commissioned and extensively tested with heavy ion beam from the HLI. The demonstrator setup reached acceleration of heavy ions up to the design beam energy. The required acceleration gain was achieved with heavy ion beams even above the design mass to charge ratio at high beam intensity and full beam transmission. This paper presents systematic beam measurements with varying rf amplitudes and phases of the CH cavity, as well as phase space measurements for heavy ion beams with different mass to charge ratio. The worldwide first and successful beam test with a superconducting multigap CH cavity is a milestone of the R&D work of HIM and GSI in collaboration with IAP in preparation of the HELIAC project and other cw-ion beam applications.

First Global Observations of the Interstellar Interaction from the Interstellar Boundary Explorer (Invited)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

McComas, D. J.

2009-12-01

The Sun moves through the local interstellar medium, continuously emitting ionized, supersonic solar wind plasma and carving out a cavity in interstellar space, called the heliosphere. The Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) spacecraft has just completed the first all-sky maps of the interstellar interaction at the edge of the heliosphere, by imaging energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) emanating from this region. IBEX all-sky maps and energy spectra provide detailed information about the interaction. Our observations show globally distributed fluxes ordered by the solar wind structure, which are superposed by another, unexpected feature, which is neither seen by the Voyager spacecraft nor predicted by any current model or theory. This talk summarizes the IBEX observations, shares our unexpected results, and discusses some of the possible ideas for what may be missing in our current understanding of the heliosphere’s global interaction. IBEX Science Team: D.J. McComas1,2, F. Allegrini1,2, P. Bochsler3, M. Bzowski4, E.R. Christian5, G.B. Crew6, R. DeMajistre7, H. Fahr8, H. Fichtner9, P.C. Frisch10, H.O. Funsten11, S. A. Fuselier12, G. Gloeckler13, M. Gruntman14, J. Heerikhuisen15, V. Izmodenov16, P. Janzen17, P. Knappenberger18, S. Krimigis7,19, H. Kucharek20, M. Lee20, G. Livadiotis1, S. Livi1,2, R.J. MacDowall5, D. Mitchell7, E. Möbius20, T. Moore5, N.V. Pogorelov15, D. Reisenfeld17, E. Roelof7, L. Saul3, N.A. Schwadron21, P.W. Valek1,2, R. Vanderspek6, P. Wurz3, G.P. Zank15 (1)Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA (2) University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA (3)University of Bern, Physikalisches Institut, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland (4)Space Research Centre of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland (5)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA (6)Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA (7)Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD, USA (8)University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (9)Ruhr-Universitaet Bochum, Bochum, Germany (10)University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA (11)Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA (12)Lockheed Martin Advanced Technology Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA (13)University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA (14)University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA (15)University of Alabama, Huntsville, AL, USA (16) Moscow State University; Space Research Institute (IKI) and Institute for Problems in Mechanics Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia (17)University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA (18)Adler Planetarium, Chicago, IL, USA (19)Office for Space Research and Technology, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (20)University of New Hampshire, Space Science Center, Durham, NH, USA (21) Boston University, Boston, MA, USA

Li I and K I Scatter in Cool Pleiades Dwarfs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

King, Jeremy R.; Schuler, Simon C.; Hobbs, L. M.; Pinsonneault, Marc H.

2010-02-01

We utilize high-resolution (R ~ 60,000), high signal-to-noise ratio (~100) spectroscopy of 17 cool Pleiades dwarfs to examine the confounding star-to-star scatter in the λ6707 Li I line strengths in this young cluster. Our Pleiades, selected for their small projected rotational velocity and modest chromospheric emission, evince substantial scatter in the line strengths of λ6707 Li I feature that is absent in the λ7699 K I resonance line. The Li I scatter is not correlated with that in the high-excitation λ7774 O I feature, and the magnitude of the former is greater than the latter despite the larger temperature sensitivity of the O I feature. These results suggest that systematic errors in line strength measurements due to blending, color (or color-based T eff) errors, or line formation effects related to an overlying chromosphere are not the principal source of Li I scatter in our stars. There do exist analytic spot models that can produce, via line formation effects, the observed Li scatter without introducing scatter in the K I line strengths or the color-magnitude diagram. However, these models predict factor of >=3 differences in abundances derived from the subordinate λ6104 and resonance λ6707 Li I features; we find no difference in the abundances determined from these two features. These analytic spot models also predict CN line strengths significantly larger than we observe in our spectra. The simplest explanation of the Li, K, CN, and photometric data is that there must be a real abundance component to the Pleiades Li dispersion. We suggest that this real abundance component is the manifestation of relic differences in erstwhile pre-main-sequence Li burning caused by effects of surface activity on stellar structure. We discuss observational predictions of these effects, which may be related to other anomalous stellar phenomena. Based on observations obtained with the High Resolution Spectrograph on the Hobby-Eberly Telescope, which is operated by McDonald Observatory on behalf of the University of Texas at Austin, Pennsylvania State University, Stanford University, the Ludwig-Maximillians-Universitaet, Munich, and the George-August-Universitaet, Goettingen. Public Access time was available on the Hobby-Eberly Telescope through an agreement with the National Science Foundation.

Hypertension in Germany.

PubMed

Neuhauser, Hannelore; Diederichs, Claudia; Boeing, Heiner; Felix, Stephan B; Jünger, Claus; Lorbeer, Roberto; Meisinger, Christine; Peters, Annette; Völzke, Henry; Weikert, Cornelia; Wild, Philipp; Dörr, Marcus

2016-12-02

Hypertension is a key risk factor. However, population data based on blood pressure measurements in Germany are scarce. Standardized blood pressure (BP) measurements and medication data from seven population-based studies conducted in Germany between 1994 and 2012 (66 845 participants, 25-74 years) were analyzed: the EPICPotsdam study (1994-1998, EPIC), the KORA-S4 Study (1999-2001) in Augsburg, and the Gutenberg Health Study (2007-2012, GHS) in Mainz/Mainz-Bingen provided data for descriptive comparisons. Time trends were analyzed based on identical study regions for the German National Health Interview and Examination Survey 1998 (BGS98) and the German Health Examination Survey for Adults (2008-11, DEGS1) as well as the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) in Northeast Germany (1997-2001) and the SHIP-TREND study (2008-2012). BP data were adjusted for study-specific measurement devices based on calibration studies. After adjustment for study-specific measurement devices, mean systolic and diastolic BP values were lower and treatment proportions higher in recent (2007-2012) compared to older (1994-2001) studies. Mean BP decrease was most pronounced (systolic ≥ 10 mmHg) in the elderly (55-74 years). The regional SHIP-TREND data for Northeast Germany showed a decrease in mean systolic BP in young men aged 25 to 34 years; on a national level according to the DEGS1 data, however, no such decrease was observed for this group. New data add evidence for lower BP in Germany. However, the prevention potential remains high. Future research based on population-based data should place a special focus on blood pressure data in young men.

The Unmanned Research Airplane Facility at the Cyprus Institute: Advanced Atmospheric Observations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lange, Manfred A.; Argyrides, Marios; Ioannou, Stelios; Keleshis, Christos

2014-05-01

Unmanned Aerial Systems (UASs) have been established as versatile tools for different applications, providing data and observations for atmospheric and Earth-Systems research. They provide an urgently needed link between in-situ ground based measurements and satellite remote sensing observations and are distinguished by significant versatility, flexibility and moderate operational costs. Building on an earlier project (Autonomous Flying Platforms for Atmospheric and Earth Surface Observations project; APAESO) of the Energy, Environment and Water Research Center (EEWRC) at the Cyprus Institute (APAESO is co-financed by the European Development Fund and the Republic of Cyprus through the Cyprus Research Promotion Foundation), we have built up an Unmanned Research Aircraft Facility at The Cyprus Institute (CyI-URAF). The basic components of this facility comprise four CRUISERS airplanes (ET-Air, Slovakia) as UAS platforms, a substantial range of scientific instruments to be flown on these platforms, a mobile Ground Control Station and a well-equipped workshop and calibration laboratory. The APAESO platforms are suitable to carrying out atmospheric and earth-surface observations in the (Eastern) Mediterranean (and elsewhere). They enable 3D measurements for determining physical, chemical and radiative atmospheric properties, aerosol and dust concentrations and atmospheric dynamics as well as 2D investigations into land management practices, vegetation and agricultural mapping, contaminant detection and the monitoring and assessment of hydrological parameters and processes of a given region at high spatial resolution. We will report on some of the essential modifications of the platforms and some of the instrumentation that were instrumental in preparing the research airplanes for a variety of collaborative research projects with. The first scientific mission involved the employment of a DOAS-system (Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy) in cooperation with colleagues from Heidelberg and Mainz, Germany and test flights that have been successfully completed. We also engaged in a new research project aimed at measuring vertical profiles of aerosols in the Eastern Mediterranean. This is being achieved in field campaigns employing an innovative aerosol sampler in close collaboration with colleagues from the University of Frankfurt, Germany as well as with colleagues from the Universities of Tel Aviv and the Weizmann Institute (Israel). More recently, we have started to prepare our platforms to carry out research missions in the context of the newly funded EU-BACCHUS project.

MAX-DOAS observations and their application to the validation of satellite and model data in Wuxi, China

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Y.; Wagner, T.; Xie, P.; Theys, N.; De Smedt, I.; Koukouli, M.; Stavrakou, T.; Beirle, S.; Li, A.

2015-12-01

Thomas Wagner1, Pinhua Xie2, Nicolas Theys3, Isabelle De Smedt3, MariLiza Koukouli4, Trissevgeni Stavrakou3, Steffen Beirle1, Ang Li2,1) Satellite group, Max Planck institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany2) Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China 3) BIRA-IASB, Brussels, Belgium 4) Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece From 2011 to 2014 a MAX-DOAS instrument developed by the Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics institute is operated in Wuxi, China, which is locatd about 100 km west of Shanghai. We determine the tropospheric vertical column densities (VCDs), near surface concentrations and vertical profiles of aerosols, NO2, SO2, HCHO from the MAX-DOAS observations using the optimal estimation profile retrieval algorithm (refered to as "PriAM"). We verified the results by comparing them with results from independent techniques, such as sun photometer (AERONET), a visibility meter and a long-path DOAS instrument. We acquire the cloud and aerosol conditions using a cloud classification scheme based on the MAX-DOAS observations (Wang et al., AMTD, 2015). Based on the obtained results, we characterize the effect of the clouds on the trace gas and aerosol profiles retrieved from MAX-DOAS. Then we characterize the diurnal, annual and weekly variations of the trace gases and aerosols and validate the tropospheric trace gas VCDs derived from the Ozone Monitoring instrument (OMI) on the Aura satellite platform as well as the model results from the IMAGES, CHIMERE and Lotos-Euros models and analyse the agreement depending on the cloud and aerosol conditions. Besides the direct comparison with the satellite data, we also use the trace gas and aerosol profiles derived from MAX-DOAS to recalculate the air mass factor (AMF) for the satellite observations and to evaluate the corresponding improvement of the satellite VCDs. In some periods with strong aerosol pollution, we evaluate the effect of the aerosols on the satellite cloud retrievals and the corresponding errors of the tropospheric AMF of the trace gases. Here should be noted that aerosol effects on the AMF is not yet considered in the published satellite products, which can cause appreciable errors of the tropospheric VCD of satellite products around polluted regions.

Scrutinizing the evidence for N ( 1685 )

DOE PAGES

Anisovich, A. V.; Burkert, V.; Klempt, E.; ...

2017-03-30

The helicity-dependent observable E for the reaction γd → ηn(p) with a spectator proton was recently measured in this paper by the A2 Collaboration at MAMI in Mainz. The data were interpreted as further evidence for a narrow resonance with spin and parity J P = 1/2 + (P 11 wave). However, a full partial-wave analysis without any narrow resonance leads to an excellent description of the data. Finally, imposing a narrow resonance with the properties suggested by the A2 Collaboration leads to a significant deterioration of the fit quality: there is no need for a narrow resonance.

Latest results from meson photoproduction at ELSA and MAMI

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Krusche, B.

2014-06-01

Photoproduction of mesons plays a key role for the investigation of the excitation spectrum of the nucleon and thus for our understanding of the strong interaction in the non-perturbative regime. In this contribution we discuss recent results from the experiments at the tagged photon beams of the electron accelerators ELSA in Bonn and MAMI in Mainz. They include the measurement of cross sections and (double) polarization observables for single meson production and production of meson pairs off free protons as well as of quasi-free nucleons bound in light nuclei (in particular the deuteron).

The Stonehenge technique. A method for aligning coherent bremsstrahlung radiators

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Livingston, Ken

2009-05-01

This paper describes a technique for the alignment of crystal radiators used to produce high energy, linearly polarized photons via coherent bremsstrahlung scattering at electron beam facilities. In these experiments the crystal is mounted on a goniometer which is used to adjust its orientation relative to the electron beam. The angles and equations which relate the crystal lattice, goniometer and electron beam direction are presented here, and the method of alignment is illustrated with data taken at MAMI (the Mainz microtron). A practical guide to setting up a coherent bremsstrahlung facility and installing new crystals using this technique is also included.

Chapter in book "Many Body Structure of Strongly Interacting Systems, Refereed and Selected Contributions from the Symposium '20 Years of Physics at the Mainz Microtron MAMI,'" Part I, Editors: Arenhövel, H.; Backe, H.; Drechsel, D.; Friedrich, J.; Kaiser, K.-H.; Walcher, Th., p.7-17 (contribution entitled Physics at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lawrence Cardman

2006-09-01

The Continuous Electron Accelerator Facility, CEBAF, located at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, is devoted to the investigation of the electromagnetic structure of mesons, nucleons, and nuclei using high energy, high duty-cycle electron and photon beams. Selected experimental results of particular interest to the MAMI community are presented.

Immersion and contact freezing experiments in the Mainz wind tunnel laboratory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Eppers, Oliver; Mayer, Amelie; Diehl, Karoline; Mitra, Subir; Borrmann, Stephan; Szakáll, Miklós

2016-04-01

Immersion and contact freezing are of outmost important ice nucleation processes in mixed phase clouds. Experimental studies are carried out in the Mainz vertical wind tunnel laboratory in order to characterize these nucleation processes for different ice nucleating particles (INP), such as for mineral dust or biological particles. Immersion freezing is investigated in our laboratory with two different experimental techniques, both attaining contact-free levitation of liquid droplets and cooling of the surrounding air down to about -25 °C. In an acoustic levitator placed in the cold room of our laboratory, drops with diameters of 2 mm are investigated. In the vertical air stream of the wind tunnel droplets with diameter of 700 micron are freely floated at their terminal velocities, simulating the flow conditions of the free atmosphere. Furthermore, the wind tunnel offers a unique platform for contact freezing experiments. Supercooled water droplets are floated in the vertical air stream at their terminal velocities and INP are injected into the tunnel air stream upstream of them. As soon as INP collides with the supercooled droplet the contact freezing is initiated. The first results of immersion and contact freezing experiments with cellulose particles both in the acoustic levitator and in the wind tunnel will be presented. Cellulose is considered as typical INP of biological origin and a macrotracer for plant debris. Nucleating properties of cellulose will be provided, mainly focusing on the temperature, INP concentration, and specific surface area dependences of the freezing processes. Direct comparison between the different experimental techniques (acoustic levitator and wind tunnel), as well as between nucleation modes (immersion and contact freezing) will be presented. The work is carried out within the framework of the German research unit INUIT.

Basic requirements and parameter optimization for boron neutron capture therapy of extracorporeal irradiated and auto-transplanted organs.

PubMed

Wortmann, Birgit; Knorr, Jürgen

2012-08-01

In 2001 and 2003, at the University of Pavia, Italy, boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) has been successfully used in the treatment of hepatic colorectal metastases (Pinelli et al., 2002; Zonta et al., 2006). The treatment procedure (TAOrMINA protocol) is characterised by the auto-transplantation and extracorporeal irradiation of the liver using a thermal neutron beam. The clinical use of this approach requires well founded data and an optimized irradiation facility. In order to start with this work and to decide upon its feasibility at the research reactor TRIGA Mainz, basic data and requirements have been considered (Wortmann, 2008). Computer calculations using the ATTILA (Transpire Inc. 2006) and MCNP (LANL, 2005) codes have been performed, including data from conventional radiation therapy, from the TAOrMINA approach, resulting in reasonable estimations. Basic data and requirements and optimal parameters have been worked out, especially for use at an optimized TRIGA irradiation facility (Wortmann, 2008). Advantages of the extracorporeal irradiation with auto-transplantation and the potential of an optimized irradiation facility could be identified. Within the requirements, turning the explanted organ over by 180° appears preferable to a whole side source, similar to a permanent rotation of the organ. The design study and the parameter optimization confirm the potential of this approach to treat metastases in explanted organs. The results do not represent actual treatment data but a first estimation. Although all specific values refer to the TRIGA Mainz, they may act as a useful guide for other types of neutron sources. The recommended modifications (Wortmann, 2008) show the suitability of TRIGA reactors as a radiation source for BNCT of extracorporeal irradiated and auto-transplanted organs. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The bivalve Glycymeris planicostalis as a high-resolution paleoclimate archive for the Rupelian (Early Oligocene) of central Europe

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Walliser, E. O.; Schöne, B. R.; Tütken, T.; Zirkel, J.; Grimm, K. I.; Pross, J.

2015-04-01

Current global warming is likely to result in a unipolar glaciated world with unpredictable repercussions on atmospheric and oceanic circulation patterns. These changes are expected to affect seasonal extremes and the year-to-year variability of seasonality. To better constrain the mode and tempo of the anticipated changes, climatologists require ultra-high-resolution proxy data of time intervals in the past, e.g., the Oligocene, during which boundary conditions were similar to those predicted for the near future. In the present paper, we assess whether such information can be obtained from shells of the long-lived bivalve mollusk Glycymeris planicostalis from the late Rupelian of the Mainz Basin, Germany. Our results indicate that the studied shells are pristinely preserved and provide an excellent archive for reconstructing changes of sea surface temperature on seasonal to interannual timescales. Shells of G. planicostalis grew uninterruptedly during winter and summer and therefore recorded the full seasonal temperature amplitude that prevailed in the Mainz Basin ~ 30 Ma. Absolute sea surface temperature data were reconstructed from δ18Oshell values assuming a δ18Owater signature that was extrapolated from coeval sirenian tooth enamel. Reconstructed values range between 12.3 and 22.0 °C and agree well with previous estimates based on planktonic foraminifera and shark teeth. However, temperatures during seasonal extremes vary greatly on interannual timescales. Mathematically re-sampled (i.e., corrected for uneven number of samples per annual increment) winter and summer temperatures averaged over 40 annual increments of three specimens equal 13.6 ± 0.8 and 17.3 ± 1.2 °C, respectively. Such high-resolution paleoclimate information can be highly relevant for numerical climate studies aiming to predict possible future climates in a unipolar glaciated or, ultimately, polar-ice-free world.

The TOPOMOD-ITN project: unravel the origin of Earth's topography from modelling deep-surface processes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Faccenna, C.; Funiciello, F.

2012-04-01

EC-Marie Curie Initial Training Networks (ITN) projects aim to improve the career perspectives of young generations of researchers. Institutions from both academic and industry sectors form a collaborative network to recruit research fellows and provide them with opportunities to undertake research in the context of a joint research training program. In this frame, TOPOMOD - one of the training activities of EPOS, the new-born European Research Infrastructure for Geosciences - is a funded ITN project designed to investigate and model how surface processes interact with crustal tectonics and mantle convection to originate and develop topography of the continents over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. The multi-disciplinary approach combines geophysics, geochemistry, tectonics and structural geology with advanced geodynamic numerical/analog modelling. TOPOMOD involves 8 European research teams internationally recognized for their excellence in complementary fields of Earth Sciences (Roma TRE, Utrecht, GFZ, ETH, Cambridge, Durham, Rennes, Barcelona), to which are associated 5 research institutions (CNR-Italy, Univ. Parma, Univ. Lausanne, Univ. Montpellier, Univ. Mainz) , 3 high-technology enterprises (Malvern Instruments, TNO, G.O. Logical Consulting) and 1 large multinational oil and gas company (ENI). This unique network places emphasis in experience-based training increasing the impact and international visibility of European research in modeling. Long-term collaboration and synergy are established among the overmentioned research teams through 15 cross-disciplinary research projects that combine case studies in well-chosen target areas from the Mediterranean, the Middle and Far East, west Africa, and South America, with new developments in structural geology, geomorphology, seismology, geochemistry, InSAR, laboratory and numerical modelling of geological processes from the deep mantle to the surface. These multidisciplinary projects altogether aim to answer a key question in earth Sciences: how do deep and surface processes interact to shape and control the topographic evolution of our planet.

Artium mater in relativistic astrophysics : New perspectives for a European-Latin American PhD program

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chardonnet, Pascal

2015-12-01

Following the successful scientific space missions by the European Space Agency (ESA) and the European Southern Observatory (ESO) in Chile, as well as the high-energy particle activities at CERN in Genve, we have created a Ph.D. program dedicated to the formation of scientists in the field of relativistic astrophysics. The students of such a program will lead the theoretical developments of one of the most active fields of research, based on the above observational and experimental facilities. This program needs expertise in the most advanced topics of mathematical and theoretical physics, and in relativistic field theories. It requires the ability to model the observational data received from the above facilities, as well as all the basic knowledge in astronomy, astrophysics and cosmology. This activity is necessarily international, no single university can cover the broad expertises. From this, the proposed program of the IRAP Ph.D., in one of the youngest and most dynamical French universities, pole of research and teaching in the Euro-Mediterranean region (PRES): the University of Nice. It benefits from the presence of the astrophysics research institute of Observatoire de la Cte d'Azur involved in relativistic and non-photonic astrophysics. The participation of the Freie Universitaet Berlin, Oldenburg and Bremen Universities and of the Einstein Institute in Potsdam offers the possibility of teaching in relativistic field theories at the highest level. The University of Savoy offers the link to the particle physics at CERN. The activities at the University of Rome, at Stockholm University and at ICRANet offer teaching programs in all the fields of relativistic astrophysics, including cosmology, the physics of gravitational collapse, gamma-ray bursts, and black hole physics. Finally, the University of Ferrara will be present with lectures and researches in the topics they have pioneered such as x-ray astrophysics and observational cosmology. Through ICRANet the extra-European connections with Brazil, China and India will be guaranteed: in China, with the Shanghai Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Science, studying the formation and evolution of large-scale structure and galaxies; in India, with the Indian Centre for Space Physics (ICSP), renowned for its research on compact objects as well as on solar physics and astrochemistry; in Brazil with ICRANet Brazil where a successful program of research and teaching in relativistic astrophysics has been established in recent years.

Artium mater in relativistic astrophysics : New perspectives for a European-Latin American PhD program

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chardonnet, Pascal; LAPTh, Université de Savoie, CNRS, B.P. 110, Annecy-le-Vieux F-74941; ICRANet, Piazza della Repubblica 10, 65122 Pescara

Following the successful scientific space missions by the European Space Agency (ESA) and the European Southern Observatory (ESO) in Chile, as well as the high-energy particle activities at CERN in Genve, we have created a Ph.D. program dedicated to the formation of scientists in the field of relativistic astrophysics. The students of such a program will lead the theoretical developments of one of the most active fields of research, based on the above observational and experimental facilities. This program needs expertise in the most advanced topics of mathematical and theoretical physics, and in relativistic field theories. It requires the abilitymore » to model the observational data received from the above facilities, as well as all the basic knowledge in astronomy, astrophysics and cosmology. This activity is necessarily international, no single university can cover the broad expertises. From this, the proposed program of the IRAP Ph.D., in one of the youngest and most dynamical French universities, pole of research and teaching in the Euro-Mediterranean region (PRES): the University of Nice. It benefits from the presence of the astrophysics research institute of Observatoire de la Cte d’Azur involved in relativistic and non-photonic astrophysics. The participation of the Freie Universitaet Berlin, Oldenburg and Bremen Universities and of the Einstein Institute in Potsdam offers the possibility of teaching in relativistic field theories at the highest level. The University of Savoy offers the link to the particle physics at CERN. The activities at the University of Rome, at Stockholm University and at ICRANet offer teaching programs in all the fields of relativistic astrophysics, including cosmology, the physics of gravitational collapse, gamma-ray bursts, and black hole physics. Finally, the University of Ferrara will be present with lectures and researches in the topics they have pioneered such as x-ray astrophysics and observational cosmology. Through ICRANet the extra-European connections with Brazil, China and India will be guaranteed: in China, with the Shanghai Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Science, studying the formation and evolution of large-scale structure and galaxies; in India, with the Indian Centre for Space Physics (ICSP), renowned for its research on compact objects as well as on solar physics and astrochemistry; in Brazil with ICRANet Brazil where a successful program of research and teaching in relativistic astrophysics has been established in recent years.« less

PREFACE: International Seminar on Strong and Electromagnetic Interactions in High Energy Collisions 2012

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Giardina, Giorgio; Sandorfi, Andrew; Pedroni, Paolo

2013-03-01

The International Seminar 'Strong and Electromagnetic Interaction in High Energy Collisions' was held in the Conference Hall 'Ettore Majorana' of the Department of Physics in Messina, Italy on October 12, 2012. The Seminar was organized by the University of Messina and 'Fondazione Bonino-Pulejo', with the aim of presenting and discussing the results of the current experiments and also new plans involving research at INFN-LNF (Italy), JLAB (USA), LHC-CERN, ELSA (Bonn), MAMI (Mainz). The main purpose of this Seminar was to deal with aspects of electromagnetic and strong forces by meson photoproduction and the electron-positron collider, and to search for dark energy. The recent results on hadron contributions to the muon anomalous magnetic moment and kaon interferometry at the DAFNE facility were also discussed. Editors: Giorgio Giardina (University of Messina), Andrew M Sandorfi (Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, USA), Paolo Pedroni (INFN 'Sezione di Pavia') Organizing Committee: Chairman: G Giardina (Messina - Italy) Co-Chairman: A M Sandorfi (Newport News, USA) Co-Chairman: P Pedroni (Pavia - Italy) Scientific Secretary: G Mandaglio (University of Messina - Italy) Organizing Institutions: University of Messina Fondazione Bonino-Pulejo (Messina) Topics: Meson photoproduction and baryon resonances Muon anomaly (g-2) Recent results in experiments at the Large Hadron Collider Kaon interferometry Local Organizing Committee: F Curciarello, V De Leo, G Fazio, G Giardina, G Mandaglio, M Romaniuk Sponsored by: University of Messina, Fondazione Bonino-Pulejo (Messina), INFN Sezione di Catania Web-Site: http://newcleo.unime.it/IntSem2012

Observed OH and HO2 concentrations in the upper troposphere inside and outside of Asian monsoon influenced air.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Marno, D. R.; Künstler, C.; Hens, K.; Tatum Ernest, C.; Broch, S.; Fuchs, H.; Martinez, M.; Bourtsoukidis, E.; Williams, J.; Holland, F.; Hofzumahaus, A.; Tomsche, L.; Fischer, H.; Klausner, T.; Schlager, H.; Eirenschmalz, L.; Stratmann, G.; Stock, P.; Ziereis, H.; Roiger, A.; Bohn, B.; Zahn, A.; Wahner, A.; Lelieveld, J.; Harder, H.

2016-12-01

The Asian monsoon convectively transports pollutants like volatile organic compounds (VOCs), NOx, and SO2 from the boundary layer over South Asia into the upper troposphere where they can potentially enter the stratosphere, or be dispersed globally. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the oxidizing capacity of this system regarding the rate of aerosol formation, and conversion of pollutants into compounds that have much shorter atmospheric lifetimes. OH plays a central role in this oxidation process. During the OMO-ASIA campaign in the summer of 2015, OH and HO2 were measured onboard the High Altitude Long-Range (HALO) Research Aircraft. Two laser-induced fluorescence instruments based on the fluorescence assay by gas expansion technique (LIF-FAGE) had been deployed, the AIR-LIF instrument from Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and the HORUS instrument from the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz. To measure the chemical background of OH potentially produced inside the HORUS instrument from highly oxidized VOCs, atmospheric OH is scavenged by an Inlet Pre-injector (IPI) system. This was the first time an IPI system was implemented within an airborne LIF-FAGE instrument measuring OH and HO2. Throughout this campaign OH and HO2 were measured at 12 to 15km within the Asian monsoon anticyclone. These measurements have been contrasted by probing air outside the anticyclone in air masses influenced by North American emissions, and in very clean air masses originated from the southern hemisphere.

First measurement of proton's charge form factor at very low Q2 with initial state radiation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mihovilovič, M.; Weber, A. B.; Achenbach, P.; Beranek, T.; Beričič, J.; Bernauer, J. C.; Böhm, R.; Bosnar, D.; Cardinali, M.; Correa, L.; Debenjak, L.; Denig, A.; Distler, M. O.; Esser, A.; Ferretti Bondy, M. I.; Fonvieille, H.; Friedrich, J. M.; Friščić, I.; Griffioen, K.; Hoek, M.; Kegel, S.; Kohl, Y.; Merkel, H.; Middleton, D. G.; Müller, U.; Nungesser, L.; Pochodzalla, J.; Rohrbeck, M.; Sánchez Majos, S.; Schlimme, B. S.; Schoth, M.; Schulz, F.; Sfienti, C.; Širca, S.; Štajner, S.; Thiel, M.; Tyukin, A.; Vanderhaeghen, M.; Weinriefer, M.

2017-08-01

We report on a new experimental method based on initial-state radiation (ISR) in e-p scattering, which exploits the radiative tail of the elastic peak to study the properties of electromagnetic processes and to extract the proton charge form factor (GEp) at extremely small Q2. The ISR technique was implemented in an experiment at the three-spectrometer facility of the Mainz Microtron (MAMI). This led to a precise validation of radiative corrections far away from elastic line and provided first measurements of GEp for 0.001 ≤Q2 ≤ 0.004(GeV / c)2.

Unmanned Aerial Systems as Versatile Tools for Atmospheric and Environmental Research

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lange, Manfred; Argyrides, Marios; Ioannou, Stelios; Keleshis, Christos; Levin, Zev

2013-04-01

Unmanned Aerial Systems (UASs) are increasingly recognized as versatile tools for different earth-sciences applications providing chiefly a link between in-situ ground based measurements and satellite remote sensing observations. Based on the Autonomous Flying Platforms for Atmospheric and Earth Surface Observations project (APAESO) of the Energy, Environment and Water Research Center (EEWRC) at the Cyprus Institute (APAESO is co-financed by the European Development Fund and the Republic of Cyprus through the Cyprus Research Promotion Foundation: ΝΕΑ ΥΠΟΔΟΜΗ/ΝΕΚΥΠ/0308/09), we have acquired four CRUISERS (ET-Air, Slovakia) as UAS platforms and a substantial range of scientific instruments to be employed on these platforms. The APAESO platforms are aimed at the dual purpose of carrying out atmospheric and earth-surface observations in the (Eastern) Mediterranean They will enable 3D measurements for determining physical, chemical and radiative atmospheric properties, aerosol and dust concentrations and atmospheric dynamics as well as 2D investigations into land management practices, vegetation and agricultural mapping, contaminant detection and the monitoring and assessment of hydrological parameters and processes of a given region at high spatial resolution. Currently, we are building up an Unmanned Airplane Facility at CyI. In the process of reaching full operational capacity, we have initiated and carried out first test missions involving highly specialized and specifically adapted instrumentation for atmospheric investigations. The first scientific mission involves the employment of a DOAS-system (Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy) in cooperation with colleagues from Heidelberg and Mainz, Germany and has been successfully completed. More recently, we started work on a new collaborative project aimed at measuring vertical profiles of aerosols in the Eastern Mediterranean. The project involves colleagues from the University of Frankfurt, Germany as well as from the University of Tel Aviv and the Weizmann Institute, both in Israel. For this project, a specially designed multi-stage electrostatic aerosol collector is being placed on one of the APAESO UAS. Simultaneously, atmospheric aerosols size and concentrations will be measured with an optical aerosol spectrometer, mounted on the same platform. The collected samples will be divided into two parts for analysis in both the University of Frankfurt and the Weizmann Institute

Status of the TRIGA-LASER experiment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gorges, C.; Kaufmann, S.; Geppert, Ch.; Krämer, J.; Sánchez, R.; Nörtershäuser, W.

2017-11-01

We report on the newly developed control system called TRITON and the new data acquisition called TILDA as well as on improved isotope shift measurements of the isotopes 40,42,44,48Ca in the 4 s 2S1/2 → 4 p 2P3/2 (D2) transition at the TRIGA-LASER experiment in Mainz using collinear laser spectroscopy. Well known isotope shift measurements in the 4 s 2S1/2 → 4 p 2P1/2 (D1) transition act as calibration points to reduce the uncertainties in the D2-line to provide reference values for the determination of nuclear charge radii and quadrupole moments of neutron rich calcium isotopes at COLLAPS.

Optomechanical design and testing of the VLT tertiary mirrors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bollinger, Wolfgang; Juranek, Hans J.; Schulte, Stefan; May, K.; Michel, Alain

2000-07-01

The Tertiary Mirrors for the ESO Very Large Telescope project consist of four optical flats (elliptical, 890 X 1260 mm2). The achieved opto-mechanical design is challenging since it provides high optical overall quality combined with high stiffness (70 Hz Eigenfrequency) and low mass (total mass of 180 kg for the complete unit). Schott (Mainz, Germany) produces the lightweight Zerodur blanks. Carl Zeiss has designed and manufactured the mirror and its support cell. Last not least it became necessary to install the biggest testing equipment for flats in Europe to guarantee for a scientifically correct verification of the quality of the complete unit. All four mirrors have been delivered to ESO.

First measurement of proton's charge form factor at very low Q 2 with initial state radiation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mihovilovič, M.; Weber, A. B.; Achenbach, P.

Here we report on a new experimental method based on initial-state radiation (ISR) in e–pscattering, which exploits the radiative tail of the elastic peak to study the properties of electromagnetic processes and to extract the proton charge form factor (Gmore » $$p\\atop{E}$$) at extremely small Q 2. The ISR technique was implemented in an experiment at the three-spectrometer facility of the Mainz Microtron (MAMI). This led to a precise validation of radiative corrections far away from elastic line and provided first measurements of G$$p\\atop{E}$$ for 0.001 ≤Q 2≤0.004 (GeV/c) 2.« less

First measurement of proton's charge form factor at very low Q 2 with initial state radiation

DOE PAGES

Mihovilovič, M.; Weber, A. B.; Achenbach, P.; ...

2017-05-15

Here we report on a new experimental method based on initial-state radiation (ISR) in e–pscattering, which exploits the radiative tail of the elastic peak to study the properties of electromagnetic processes and to extract the proton charge form factor (Gmore » $$p\\atop{E}$$) at extremely small Q 2. The ISR technique was implemented in an experiment at the three-spectrometer facility of the Mainz Microtron (MAMI). This led to a precise validation of radiative corrections far away from elastic line and provided first measurements of G$$p\\atop{E}$$ for 0.001 ≤Q 2≤0.004 (GeV/c) 2.« less

Gesellschaft fuer angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik, Scientific Annual Meeting, Universitaet Hannover, Hanover, Federal Republic of Germany, Apr. 8-12, 1990, Reports

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Various papers on applied mathematics and mechanics are presented. Among the individual topics addressed are: dynamical systems with time-varying or unsteady structure, micromechanical modeling of creep rupture, forced vibrations of elastic sandwich plates with thick surface layers, postbuckling of a complete spherical shell under a line load, differential-geometric approach to the multibody system dynamics, stability of an oscillator with stochastic parametric excitation, identification strategies for crack-formation in rotors, identification of physical parameters of FEMs, impact model for elastic and partly plastic impacts on objects, varying delay and stability in dynamical systems. Also discussed are: parameter identification of a hybrid model for vibration analysis using the FEM, vibration behavior of a labyrinth seal with through-flow, similarities in the boundary layer of fiber composite materials, distortion parameter in shell theories, elastoplastic crack problem at finite strain, algorithm for computing effective stiffnesses of plates with periodic structure, plasticity of metal-matrix composites in a mixed stress-strain space formation, constitutive equations in directly formulated plate theories, microbuckling and homogenization for long fiber composites.

PRIMUS: autonomous navigation in open terrain with a tracked vehicle

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schaub, Guenter W.; Pfaendner, Alfred H.; Schaefer, Christoph

2004-09-01

The German experimental robotics program PRIMUS (PRogram for Intelligent Mobile Unmanned Systems) is focused on solutions for autonomous driving in unknown open terrain, over several project phases under specific realization aspects for more than 12 years. The main task of the program is to develop algorithms for a high degree of autonomous navigation skills with off-the-shelf available hardware/sensor technology and to integrate this into military vehicles. For obstacle detection a Dornier-3D-LADAR is integrated on a tracked vehicle "Digitized WIESEL 2". For road-following a digital video camera and a visual perception module from the Universitaet der Bundeswehr Munchen (UBM) has been integrated. This paper gives an overview of the PRIMUS program with a focus on the last program phase D (2001 - 2003). This includes the system architecture, the description of the modes of operation and the technology development with the focus on obstacle avoidance and obstacle classification using a 3-D LADAR. A collection of experimental results and a short look at the next steps in the German robotics program will conclude the paper.

The bivalve Glycymeris planicostalis as a high-resolution paleoclimate archive for Rupelian (Early Oligocene) of Central Europe

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Walliser, E. O.; Schöne, B. R.; Tütken, T.; Zirkel, J.; Grimm, K. I.; Pross, J.

2014-10-01

Current global warming is likely to result in a unipolar glaciated world with unpredictable repercussions on atmospheric and oceanic circulation patterns. These changes are expected to affect seasonality as well as the frequency and intensity of decadal climate oscillations. To better constrain the mode and tempo of the anticipated changes, climatologists require high-resolution proxy data of time intervals in the past, e.g. the Early Oligocene during which boundary conditions were similar to those predicted for the near future. As demonstrated by the present study, pristinely preserved shells of the long-lived bivalve mollusk Glycymeris planicostalis from the late Rupelian of the Mainz Basin, Germany, provide an excellent archive to reconstruct changes of sea surface temperature on seasonal to inter-annual time scales. Their shells grew uninterruptedly during winter and summer and therefore recorded the full seasonal temperature amplitude that prevailed in the Mainz Basin 30 Ma ago. Absolute sea surface temperature data were faithfully reconstructed from δ18 Oshell values assuming a δ18Owater signature that was extrapolated from coeval sirenian tooth enamel. Extreme values ranged between 12.3 and 22.0°C and agree well with previous estimates based on planktonic foraminifera and shark teeth. However, summer and winter temperatures varied greatly on inter-annual time-scales. Winter and summer temperatures averaged over 40 annual increments of three specimens equaled 13.6 ± 0.8°C and 17.3 ± 1.2°C, respectively. Unless many samples are analyzed, this variability is hardly seen in foraminiferan tests. Our data also revealed decadal-scale oscillations of seasonal extremes which have - in the absence of appropriate climate archives - never been identified before for the Oligocene. This information can be highly relevant for numerical climate studies aiming to predict possible future climates in a unipolar glaciated or, ultimately, polar ice-free world.

Prevalence and Cardiovascular Associations of Diabetic Retinopathy and Maculopathy: Results from the Gutenberg Health Study.

PubMed

Raum, Philipp; Lamparter, Julia; Ponto, Katharina A; Peto, Tunde; Hoehn, René; Schulz, Andreas; Schneider, Astrid; Wild, Philipp S; Pfeiffer, Norbert; Mirshahi, Alireza

2015-01-01

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness in people of working age. The purpose of this paper is to report the prevalence and cardiovascular associations of diabetic retinopathy and maculopathy (DMac) in Germany. The Gutenberg Health Study (GHS) is a population-based study with 15,010 participants aged between 35 at 74 years from the city of Mainz and the district of Mainz-Bingen. We determined the weighted prevalence of DR and DMac by assessing fundus photographs of persons with diabetes from the GHS data base. Diabetes was defined as HbA1c ≥ 6.5%, known diagnosis diabetes mellitus or known diabetes medication. Furthermore, we analysed the association between DR and cardiovascular risk factors and diseases. Overall, 7.5% (1,124/15,010) of the GHS cohort had diabetes. Of these, 27.7% were unaware of their disease and thus were newly diagnosed by their participation in the GHS. The prevalence of DR and DMac was 21.7% and 2.3%, respectively among patients with diabetes. Vision-threatening disease was present in 5% of the diabetic cohort. In the multivariable analysis DR (all types) was associated with age (Odds Ratio [95% confidence interval]: 0.97 [0.955-0.992]; p = 0.006) arterial hypertension (1.90 [1.190-3.044]; p = 0.0072) and vision-threatening DR with obesity (3.29 [1.504-7.206]; p = 0.0029). DR (all stages) and vision-threatening DR were associated with duration of diabetes (1.09 [1.068-1.114]; p<0.0001 and 1.18 [1.137-1.222]; p<0.0001, respectively). Our calculations suggest that approximately 142 000 persons aged between 35 and 74 years have vision threatening diabetic retinal disease in Germany [corrected].Prevalence of DR was lower in the GHS compared to East-Asian studies. Associations were found with age, arterial hypertension, obesity, and duration of diabetes mellitus.

NOx emissions of various sources in Romania and the Rhein-Main region in Germany based on mobile MAX-DOAS measurements of NO2.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Riffel, Katharina; Sebastian, Donner; Shaiganfar, Reza; Wagner, Thomas; Dörner, Steffen

2016-04-01

The MAX DOAS-Method (Multi-AXis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy) is used to analyze different trace gases (e.g. NO2, SO2, HCHO) at the same time and to determine the trace gas vertical column density (vertically integrated concentration). In summer 2015 we performed car-MAX-DOAS measurements in Romania during the AROMAT2 campaign. We encircled Bucharest at different weather situations and different times of the day. Afterwards the total NOx emissions were derived from the mobile MAX-DOAS observations in combination with wind data. In Germany we performed the same measurement procedure in fall/ winter/ spring 2015 /2016 by encircling the cities Mainz and Frankfurt. For the setting we mounted two MAX-DOAS instruments with different viewing directions (forward and backward) on the roof of a car. One instrument is a commercial mini MAX-DOAS that is built by the German company Hoffmann Messtechnik. The second one was built at the MPI in Mainz. This so-called Tube MAX-DOAS uses an AVANTES spectrometer with better optical characteristics than Hoffmann's mini MAX-DOAS. The advantage of two instruments working at the same time is (besides redundancy) that localized emission plumes can be measured from different directions at different locations. Thus, especially for emission plumes from power plants, tomographic methods can be applied to derive information about the plume altitude. Car-MAX-DOAS observations can cover large areas at a short time with reasonable resolution (depending on the speed of the car and the instruments integration time). Thus these measurements are well suited to validate satellites observations. This work will show the first AROMAT2 results of NOx emissions derived in Romania and in the Rhein-Main region, which is one of the most polluted area in Germany.

The Antiquity of the Rhine River: Stratigraphic Coverage of the Dinotheriensande (Eppelsheim Formation) of the Mainz Basin (Germany)

PubMed Central

Böhme, Madelaine; Aiglstorfer, Manuela; Uhl, Dieter; Kullmer, Ottmar

2012-01-01

Background Mammalian fossils from the Eppelsheim Formation (Dinotheriensande) have been a benchmark for Neogene vertebrate palaeontology since 200 years. Worldwide famous sites like Eppelsheim serve as key localities for biochronologic, palaeobiologic, environmental, and mammal community studies. So far the formation is considered to be of early Late Miocene age (∼9.5 Ma, Vallesian), representing the oldest sediments of the Rhine River. The stratigraphic unity of the formation and of its fossil content was disputed at times, but persists unresolved. Principal Findings Here we investigate a new fossil sample from Sprendlingen, composed by over 300 mammalian specimens and silicified wood. The mammals comprise entirely Middle Miocene species, like cervids Dicrocerus elegans, Paradicrocerus elegantulus, and deinotheres Deinotherium bavaricum and D. levius. A stratigraphic evaluation of Miocene Central European deer and deinothere species proof the stratigraphic inhomogenity of the sample, and suggest late Middle Miocene (∼12.5 Ma) reworking of early Middle Miocene (∼15 Ma) sediments. This results agree with taxonomic and palaeoclimatic analysis of plant fossils from above and within the mammalian assemblage. Based on the new fossil sample and published data three biochronologic levels within the Dinotheriensand fauna can be differentiated, corresponding to early Middle Miocene (late Orleanian to early Astaracian), late Middle Miocene (late Astaracian), and early Late Miocene (Vallesian) ages. Conclusions/Significance This study documents complex faunal mixing of classical Dinotheriensand fauna, covering at least six million years, during a time of low subsidence in the Mainz Basin and shifts back the origination of the Rhine River by some five million years. Our results have severe implications for biostratigraphy and palaeobiology of the Middle to Late Miocene. They suggest that turnover events may be obliterated and challenge the proposed ‘supersaturated’ biodiversity, caused by Middle Miocene superstites, of Vallesian ecosystems in Central Europe. PMID:22615819

Online measurements of ambient fluorescent aerosol particles by WIBS at a polluted regional site in the North China Plain: potential impact of burning activities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Su, H.; Wang, Z.; Cheng, Y.; Xie, Z.; Kecorius, S.; McMeeking, G. R.; Yu, X.; Pöhlker, C.; Zhang, M.; Wiedensohler, A.; Kuhn, U.; Poeschl, U.; Huffman, J. A.

2015-12-01

Online measurements of ambient fluorescent aerosol particles by WIBS at a polluted regional site in the North China Plain: potential impact of burning activities Zhibin Wang1, Xiawei Yu1,3, Simonas Kecorius2, Zhouqing Xie3, Gavin McMeeking4, Christopher Pöhlker1, Minghui, Zhang1, Alfred Wiedensohler2, Uwe Kuhn1, Yafang Cheng1, Ulrich Pöschl1, Hang Su1,*1Multiphase Chemistry and Biogeochemistry Departments, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz 55128, Germany2Leibniz-Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig 04318, Germany3School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China4Droplet Measurement Technologies, Boulder 80301, USA ABSTRACTBioaerosols are the main subset of super-micron particles, and significantly influence the evolution of cloud and precipitation, as well as the public health. Currently, the detection of ambient biological materials in real-time is mainly based on the presence of fluorophores in the particles. In this study, we present the wideband integrated bioaerosol spectrometer (WIBS) measurement results to characterize the fluorescent aerosol particles (FAP) at a polluted regional site (Xianghe, 39.80 °N, 116.96 °E) in the North China Plain. We observed substantially much higher number concentration of FAP as compared with those of previous studies in clean environments. We found the good agreement between the FAP number fraction in coarse mode particles (> 1 mm) and BC mass fraction in fine particles (< 1 mm), possibly indicating a majority of the observed FAP is to a certain extent related to the anthropogenic burning activities nearby. This interference and uncertainty should be especially noticed when performing fluorescence measurements in the polluted area, where the certain non-biological compounds (such as SOA, PAH and soot) may significantly lead to a positive fluorescence measurement artifacts and an overestimation of actual fluorescent biological aerosol particles. We also suggested to introduce the classification analysis of fluorescence spectral patterns from single FAP into the data analysis, which aims to reduce the potential misattribution and provide extra dimensions in the differentiation and identification of fluorescent aerosol particle.

The trigger system for K0→2 π0 decays of the NA48 experiment at CERN

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mikulec, I.

1998-02-01

A fully pipelined 40 MHz "dead-time-free" trigger system for neutral K0 decays for the NA48 experiment at CERN is described. The NA48 experiment studies CP-violation using the high intensity beam of the CERN SPS accelerator. The trigger system sums, digitises, filters and processes signals from 13 340 channels of the liquid krypton electro-magnetic calorimeter. In 1996 the calorimeter and part of the trigger electronics were installed and tested. In 1997 the system was completed and prepared to be used in the first NA48 physics data taking period. Cagliari, Cambridge, CERN, Dubna, Edinburgh, Ferrara, Firenze, Mainz, Orsay, Perugia, Pisa, Saclay, Siegen, Torino, Warszawa, Wien Collaboration.

MSATT Workshop on Innovative Instrumentation for the In Situ Study of Atmosphere-Surface Interactions on Mars

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fegley, Bruce, Jr. (Editor); Waenke, Heinrich (Editor)

1992-01-01

Papers accepted for the Mars Surface and Atmosphere Through Time (MSATT) Workshop on Innovative Instruments for the In Situ Study of Atmosphere-Surface Interaction of Mars, 8-9 Oct. 1992 in Mainz, Germany are included. Topics covered include: a backscatter Moessbauer spectrometer (BaMS) for use on Mars; database of proposed payloads and instruments for SEI missions; determination of martian soil mineralogy and water content using the Thermal Analyzer for Planetary Soils (TAPS); in situ identification of the martian surface material and its interaction with the martian atmosphere using DTA/GC; mass spectrometer-pyrolysis experiment for atmospheric and soil sample analysis on the surface of Mars; and optical luminescence spectroscopy as a probe of the surface mineralogy of Mars.

Towards extracting the timelike pion form factor on CLS twoflavour ensembles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Erben, Felix; Green, Jeremy; Mohler, Daniel; Wittig, Hartmut

2018-03-01

Results are presented from an ongoing study of the ρ resonance. The focus is on CLS 2-flavour ensembles generated using O(a) improved Wilson fermions with pion masses ranging from 265 to 437 MeV. The energy levels are extracted by solving the GEVP of correlator matrices, created with the distillation approach involving ρ and ππ interpolators. The study is done in the centre-of-mass frame and several moving frames. One aim of this work is to extract the timelike pion form factor after applying the Lüscher formalism. We therefore plan to integrate this study with the existing Mainz programme for the calculation of the hadronic vacuum polarization contribution to the muon g - 2.

[Stapler and manual bronchial anastomosis--results of a consecutive trial series].

PubMed

Junginger, T; Walgenbach, S; Pichlmaier, H

1989-01-01

After lobectomy and pneumonectomy in experimental evaluations stapled bronchial closures showed the lowest incidence of inflammatory reaction and the highest strength determined by leakage pressure compared with other suture material. A total of 233 lung resections-performed at Surgical University Clinic Köln-Lindenthal and the Clinic for General and Abdominal Surgery of the Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität Mainz--were reviewed. Mechanical stapling reduced the rate of bronchopleural fistulas to 2.0% compared with 7.1% after manual suturing. In parallel, mortality related to bronchial stump leakage decreased to 0.7%. Main advantages of bronchial closure with staplers are the simplicity of their use, the speed and the uniformity of the closure. Thereby stapling devices are valuable completions in pulmonary surgery.

Determination of the scalar polarizabilities of the proton using beam asymmetry $$\\Sigma_{3}$$ in Compton scattering

DOE PAGES

Sokhoyan, V.; Downie, E. J.; Mornacchi, E.; ...

2017-01-01

The scalar dipole polarizabilities, α E1 and β M1, are fundamental properties related to the internal dynamics of the nucleon. The currently accepted values of the proton polarizabilities were determined by fitting to unpolarized proton Compton scattering cross section data. The measurement of the beam asymmetry Σ 3 in a certain kinematical range provides an alternative approach to the extraction of the scalar polarizabilities. At the Mainz Microtron (MAMI) the beam asymmetry was measured for Compton scattering below pion photoproduction threshold for the first time. Finally, the results are compared with model calculations and the influence of the experimental datamore » on the extraction of the scalar polarizabilities is determined.« less

[Characterization of chronic pain patients in German pain centers : core data from more than 10,000 patients].

PubMed

Frettlöh, J; Maier, C; Gockel, H; Zenz, M; Hüppe, M

2009-12-01

In 1998 the board of the DGSS introduced a computerized documentation system named QUAST (quality assurance in pain therapy) building the foundation for a large, anonymous database that served as a data source for the statistical characterization of clinically relevant profiles of patients in German pain clinics. A total of 10,054 data files collected between 1998 and 2004, including socio-demographic as well as psychometric and pain parameters were analyzed. The main pain diagnoses found in the database sample were back pain (37%), neuropathic pain (21.4%), soft tissue or arthralgia pain (19.5%) and headache (10.6%). The average duration of illness upon presentation at pain clinics was 7 years, nearly 20% contacted it within the first year. Of the sample, 43.8% of the patients were in the second chronicity stage and 39.0% in the third stage of the Mainz Pain Staging System (MPSS). Psychological measurements concerning despression, pain disability and quality of life indicated a great amount of psychological distress. Pronounced differences between main diagnostic groups were observed not only for psychological factors but also for direct pain parameters. The documented data differ from other population-based data collections. In contrast to common belief there are a considerable number of patients who find access to specialized pain therapy institutions at an early stage of their illness. The hitherto regular use of generic, syndrome-overlapping diagnosis and treatment tools should be reconsidered taking into account the differences found between the main pain diagnosis groups. Lastly, this analysis provides current data on the psychological state of chronic pain patients showing a high degree of psychological distress and underlying the need of psychotherapeutic interventions in the treatment of chronic pain patients.

Determining the meson-nucleus potential - on the way to mesic states

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Metag, Volker

2015-08-01

Experimental approaches to determine the real and imaginary part of the meson-nucleus potential are described. The experiments have been performed with the Crystal Barrel/TAPS detector at the electron accelerator ELSA (Bonn) and the Crystal Ball/TAPS detector at MAMI (Mainz). Measuring the transparency ratio as well as the excitation function and momentum distribution for photo production of ω and η' mesons, the imaginary part of the η'-nucleus potential is found to be smaller than the real part. In case of the ω meson the opposite is observed. This makes the η' meson a good candidate for the search for meson-nucleus bound states while no resolved ω mesic states can be expected. The results are discussed and compared to theoretical predictions. An outlook on future experiments is given.

Photoproduction of Mesons on Quasi-Free Nucleons

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Keshelashvili, I.

2014-11-01

The investigation of excited baryon states is important to understand the underling nature/symmetries of hadronic matter. Historically, the first nucleon excitation experiments have been done using charged pion and kaon secondary beams. Later the antiproton-proton scattering has also been involved. However, since the beginning of the 90's meson photoproduction reactions have been considered as a powerful tool in baryon spectroscopy. In this contribution, we overview our experimental programs conducted at the bremsstrahlung photon beams of the MAMI accelerator in Mainz and the ELSA accelerator in Bonn. The results are differential and total cross sections for photoproduction of light neutral mesons and of meson pairs off quasi-free nucleons bound in the deuteron (and sometimes other light nuclei). The scientific programs of this experiments also include single and double polarization measurements as well.

The impact of new polarization data from Bonn, Mainz and Jefferson Laboratory on γ p → π N multipoles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Anisovich, A. V.; Beck, R.; Döring, M.; Gottschall, M.; Hartmann, J.; Kashevarov, V.; Klempt, E.; Meißner, Ulf-G.; Nikonov, V.; Ostrick, M.; Rönchen, D.; Sarantsev, A.; Strakovsky, I.; Thiel, A.; Tiator, L.; Thoma, U.; Workman, R.; Wunderlich, Y.

2016-09-01

New data on pion-photoproduction off the proton have been included in the partial-wave analyses Bonn-Gatchina and SAID and in the dynamical coupled-channel approach Jülich-Bonn. All reproduce the recent new data well: the double-polarization data for E, G, H, P and T in γ p→ π0p from ELSA, the beam asymmetry Σ for γ p→ π0p and π+n from Jefferson Laboratory, and the precise new differential cross section and beam asymmetry data Σ for γ p→ π0p from MAMI. The new fit results for the multipoles are compared with predictions not taking into account the new data. The mutual agreement is improved considerably but still far from being perfect.

Neutron detection using a crystal ball calorimeter

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Martem'yanov, M. A.; Kulikov, V. V.; Krutenkova, A. P.

2015-12-01

The program of experiments of the A2 Collaboration performed on a beam of tagged photons of the MAMI electron microtron in Mainz (Germany) includes precision measurements of the total and differential cross sections of the pion photoproduction on neutrons of a deuterium target. The determination of the detector ability to detect neutrons is undoubtedly one of the important problems of the experiment. The calorimetric system of the detector contains a segmented NaI Crystal Ball detector, which gives information about the position, energy, and detection time of neutral and charged particles in a wide angular range. In this work, we describe the measurement of the neutron detection efficiency in the energy range from 20 to 400MeV. The results are compared with BNL data obtained on a pion beam and proton target.

The Mainz Neutrino Mass Experiment - New Results and Perspectives

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bonn, J.; Bornschein, B.; Bornschein, L.; Fickinger, L.; Flatt, B.; Kraus, Ch.; Otten, E. W.; Schall, J. P.; Ulrich, H.; Weinheimer, Ch.; Kazachenko, O.; Kovalik, A.

2002-12-01

Non-zero neutrino masses, strongly favoured by the recent atmospheric and solar neutrino experiments, have strong consequences for particle physics as well as for astrophysics and cosmology. The investigation of the tritium β spectrum near its endpoint measures the mass of the "electron neutrino m(νe)" (m2 (ν e ) = Σ |Uei |2 mi2 with neutrino mixing matrix U and neutrino mass eigenstates mi) and is the most sensitive of these so-called direct methods providing information complementary to the searches for neutrinoless double β decay. Tritium β decay is the ideal method to distinguish between hierarchical and degenerate neutrino mass models. Furthermore, neutrino masses up to about 1 eV/c2 are especially interesting for cosmology because of their contribution to the missing dark matter in the universe...

Measurement of polarization-transfer to bound protons in carbon and its virtuality dependence

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Izraeli, D.; Brecelj, T.; Achenbach, P.; Ashkenazi, A.; Böhm, R.; Cohen, E. O.; Distler, M. O.; Esser, A.; Gilman, R.; Kolar, T.; Korover, I.; Lichtenstadt, J.; Mardor, I.; Merkel, H.; Mihovilovič, M.; Müller, U.; Olivenboim, M.; Piasetzky, E.; Ron, G.; Schlimme, B. S.; Schoth, M.; Sfienti, C.; Širca, S.; Štajner, S.; Strauch, S.; Thiel, M.; Weber, A.; Yaron, I.; A1 Collaboration

2018-06-01

We measured the ratio Px /Pz of the transverse to longitudinal components of polarization transferred from electrons to bound protons in 12C by the 12C (e → ,e‧ p →) process at the Mainz Microtron (MAMI). We observed consistent deviations from unity of this ratio normalized to the free-proton ratio, (Px /Pz) 12C /(Px /Pz) 1H, for both s- and p-shell knocked out protons, even though they are embedded in averaged local densities that differ by about a factor of two. The dependence of the double ratio on proton virtuality is similar to the one for knocked out protons from 2H and 4He, suggesting a universal behavior. It further implies no dependence on average local nuclear density.

Carbon buffer layers for smoothing superpolished glass surfaces as substrates for molybdenum /silicon multilayer soft-x-ray mirrors.

PubMed

Stock, H J; Hamelmann, F; Kleineberg, U; Menke, D; Schmiedeskamp, B; Osterried, K; Heidemann, K F; Heinzmann, U

1997-03-01

Zerodur and BK7 glass substrates (developed by Fa. Glaswerke Schott, D-55014 Mainz, Germany) from Carl Zeiss Oberkochen polished to a standard surface roughness of varsigma = 0.8 nm rms were coated with a C layer by electron-beam evaporation in the UHV. The roughness of the C-layer surfaces is reduced to 0.6 nm rms. A normal-incidence reflectance of 50% at a wavelength of 13 nm was measured for a Mo/Si multilayer soft-x-ray mirror with 30 double layers (N = 30) deposited onto the BK7/C substrate, whereas a similar Mo/Si multilayer (N = 30) evaporated directly onto the bare BK7 surface turned out to show a reflectance of only 42%.

Influence of ionospheric disturbances onto long-baseline relative positioning in kinematic mode

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wezka, Kinga; Herrera, Ivan; Cokrlic, Marija; Galas, Roman

2013-04-01

Ionospheric disturbances are fast and random variabilities in the ionosphere and they are difficult to detect and model. Some strong disturbances can cause, among others, interruption of GNSS signal or even lead to loss of signal lock. These phenomena are especially harmful for kinematic real-time applications, where the system availability is one of the most important parameters influencing positioning reliability. Our investigations were conducted using long time series of GNSS observations gathered at high latitude, where ionospheric disturbances more frequently occur. Selected processing strategy was used to monitor ionospheric signatures in time series of the coordinates. Quality of the data of input and of the processing results were examined and described by a set of proposed parameters. Variations in the coordinates were compared with available information about the state of ionosphere derived from Neustrelitz TEC Model (NTCM) and with the time series of raw observations. Some selected parameters were also calculated with the "iono-tools" module of the TUB-NavSolutions software developed by the Precise Navigation and Positioning Group at Technische Universitaet Berlin. The paper presents very first results of evaluation of the robustness of positioning algorithms with respect to ionospheric anomalies using the NTCM model and our calculated ionospheric parameters.

Flexible structure control experiments using a real-time workstation for computer-aided control engineering

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stieber, Michael E.

1989-01-01

A Real-Time Workstation for Computer-Aided Control Engineering has been developed jointly by the Communications Research Centre (CRC) and Ruhr-Universitaet Bochum (RUB), West Germany. The system is presently used for the development and experimental verification of control techniques for large space systems with significant structural flexibility. The Real-Time Workstation essentially is an implementation of RUB's extensive Computer-Aided Control Engineering package KEDDC on an INTEL micro-computer running under the RMS real-time operating system. The portable system supports system identification, analysis, control design and simulation, as well as the immediate implementation and test of control systems. The Real-Time Workstation is currently being used by CRC to study control/structure interaction on a ground-based structure called DAISY, whose design was inspired by a reflector antenna. DAISY emulates the dynamics of a large flexible spacecraft with the following characteristics: rigid body modes, many clustered vibration modes with low frequencies and extremely low damping. The Real-Time Workstation was found to be a very powerful tool for experimental studies, supporting control design and simulation, and conducting and evaluating tests withn one integrated environment.

Modification of a compressor performance test bench for liquid slugging observation in refrigeration compressors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ola, Max; Thomas, Christiane; Hesse, Ullrich

2017-08-01

Compressor performance test procedures are defined by the standard DIN EN 13771, wherein a variety of possible calorimeter and flow rate measurement methods are suggested. One option is the selection of two independent measurement methods. The accuracies of both selected measurement methods are essential. The second option requires only one method. However the measurement accuracy of the used device has to be verified and recalibrated on a regular basis. The compressor performance test facility at the Technische Universitaet Dresden uses a calibrated flow measurement sensor, a hot gas bypass and a mixed flow heat exchanger. The test bench can easily be modified for tests of various compressor types at different operating ranges and with various refrigerants. In addition, the modified test setup enables the investigation of long term liquid slug and its effects on the compressor. The modification comprises observational components, adjustments of the control system, safety measures and a customized oil recirculation system for compressors which do not contain an integrated oil sump or oil level regulation system. This paper describes the setup of the test bench, its functional principle, the key modifications, first test results and an evaluation of the energy balance.

Confirmation of a realistic reactor model for BNCT dosimetry at the TRIGA Mainz

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ziegner, Markus, E-mail: Markus.Ziegner.fl@ait.ac.at; Schmitz, Tobias; Hampel, Gabriele

2014-11-01

Purpose: In order to build up a reliable dose monitoring system for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) applications at the TRIGA reactor in Mainz, a computer model for the entire reactor was established, simulating the radiation field by means of the Monte Carlo method. The impact of different source definition techniques was compared and the model was validated by experimental fluence and dose determinations. Methods: The depletion calculation code ORIGEN2 was used to compute the burn-up and relevant material composition of each burned fuel element from the day of first reactor operation to its current core. The material composition ofmore » the current core was used in a MCNP5 model of the initial core developed earlier. To perform calculations for the region outside the reactor core, the model was expanded to include the thermal column and compared with the previously established ATTILA model. Subsequently, the computational model is simplified in order to reduce the calculation time. Both simulation models are validated by experiments with different setups using alanine dosimetry and gold activation measurements with two different types of phantoms. Results: The MCNP5 simulated neutron spectrum and source strength are found to be in good agreement with the previous ATTILA model whereas the photon production is much lower. Both MCNP5 simulation models predict all experimental dose values with an accuracy of about 5%. The simulations reveal that a Teflon environment favorably reduces the gamma dose component as compared to a polymethyl methacrylate phantom. Conclusions: A computer model for BNCT dosimetry was established, allowing the prediction of dosimetric quantities without further calibration and within a reasonable computation time for clinical applications. The good agreement between the MCNP5 simulations and experiments demonstrates that the ATTILA model overestimates the gamma dose contribution. The detailed model can be used for the planning of structural modifications in the thermal column irradiation channel or the use of different irradiation sites than the thermal column, e.g., the beam tubes.« less

Effects of enzyme replacement therapy for cardiac-type Fabry patients with a Chinese hotspot late-onset Fabry mutation (IVS4+919G>A)

PubMed Central

Lin, Hsiang-Yu; Liu, Hao-Chuan; Huang, Yu-Hsiu; Liao, Hsuan-Chieh; Hsu, Ting-Rong; Shen, Chia-I; Li, Shao-Tzu; Li, Cheng-Fang; Lee, Li-Hong; Lee, Pi-Chang; Huang, Chun-Kai; Chiang, Chuan-Chi; Lin, Ching-Yuang; Lin, Shuan-Pei; Niu, Dau-Ming

2013-01-01

Objective Current studies of newborn screening for Fabry disease in Taiwan have revealed a remarkably high prevalence of cardiac-type Fabry disease with a Chinese hotspot late-onset Fabry mutation (IVS4+919G>A). Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Tertiary medical centre. Participants 21 patients with cardiac-type Fabry disease (15 men and 6 women) as well as 15 patients with classic Fabry disease (4 men and 11 women) treated with biweekly intravenous infusions of agalsidase β (1 mg/kg) or agalsidase α (0.2 mg/kg) for at least 6 months. Outcome measures These data were collected at the time before enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) began and followed up after ERT for at least 6 months, including patient demographics, medical history, parameter changes of cardiac status and renal functions, plasma globotriaosylsphingosine (lyso-Gb3) and Mainz Severity Score Index. Results After 6–39 months of ERT, plasma lyso-Gb3 was found to be reduced in 89% (17/19) and 93% (14/15) of patients with cardiac-type and classic Fabry disease, respectively, which indicated an improvement of disease severity. For patients with cardiac-type Fabry disease, echocardiography revealed the reduction or stabilisation of left ventricular mass index (LVMI), the thicknesses of intraventricular septum (IVS) and left posterior wall (LPW) in 83% (15/18), 83% (15/18) and 67% (12/18) of patients, respectively, as well as 77% (10/13), 73% (11/15) and 60% (9/15) for those with classic type. Most patients showed stable renal function after ERT. There were statistically significant improvements (p<0.05) between the data at baseline and those after ERT for values of plasma lyso-Gb3, LVMI, IVS, LPW and Mainz Severity Score Index. No severe clinical events were reported during the treatment. Conclusions ERT is beneficial and appears to be safe for Taiwanese patients with cardiac-type Fabry disease, as well as for those with the classic type. PMID:23864212

HCHO and NO2 MAXDOAS retrieval strategies harmonization: Recent results from the EU FP7 project QA4ECV

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pinardi, Gaia; Peters, Enno; Hendrick, François; Gielen, Clio; Van Roozendael, Michel; Richter, Andreas; Piters, Ankie; Wagner, Thomas; Wang, Yang; Drosoglou, Theano; Bais, Alkis; Wang, Shanshan; Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso

2016-04-01

During the last decade, it has been extensively demonstrated that MAXDOAS is a useful and reliable technique to retrieve integrated column amounts of tropospheric trace gases and aerosols, as well as information on their vertical distributions. Since it is based on optical remote-sensing in the UV-visible region like nadir backscatter space-borne sensors, MAXDOAS is also increasingly recognized as a reference technique for validating satellite nadir observations of air quality species like NO2 and HCHO. However, building up an harmonized network of MAXDOAS spectrometers requires significant efforts in terms of common retrieval strategies and best-practices definitions. Within the EU FP7 project QA4ECV (Quality Assurance for Essential Climate Variables; see http://www.qa4ecv.eu/), harmonization activities have been initiated focusing on the two main steps of the MAXDOAS retrieval, i.e. the DOAS spectral fit providing the so-called differential slant column densities (DSCDs) and the conversion of the retrieved DSCDs to vertical profiles and/or vertical column densities (VCDs). Regarding the first step, the DOAS settings for HCHO and NO2 are optimized through an intercomparison exercise of slant column retrievals involving 15 groups of the MAXDOAS community including the QA4ECV partners, and based on the radiance spectra acquired during the MAD-CAT campaign held in Mainz (Germany) in June-July 2013 (see http://joseba.mpch-mainz.mpg.de/mad_cat.htm). The harmonization of the second step is done through the application of an AMF (aim mass factor) look-up table (LUT) approach on the optimized NO2 and HCHO DSCDs. The AMF LUTs depend on entry parameters like SZA, elevation and relative azimuth angles, wavelength, boundary layer height, AOD, and surface albedo. The advantages and drawbacks of the LUT approach are illustrated at several stations through comparison of the derived VCDs with those retrieved using the more sophisticated Optimal-Estimation-based profiling method. Recommendations for both MAXDOAS retrieval steps will be given in conclusion.

PREFACE: SPIN2010 - Preface for Conference Proceedings

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ströher, Hans; Rathmann, Frank

2011-03-01

SPIN2010, the 19th International Spin Physics Symposium, took place between 27 September and 2 October, 2010 on the campus of Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH (FZJ) in Jülich, Germany. The scientific program of this Symposium included many topics related to spin phenomena in particle and nuclear physics as well as those in related fields. The International Spin Physics Symposium series has combined the High Energy Spin Symposia and the Nuclear Polarization Conferences since 2000. The most recent two Symposia were held in Virginia, USA (October 2008) and in Kyoto, Japan (October 2006). The meeting was opened by the chairman of the Board of Management of Jülich Forschungszentrum, Professor Achim Bachem, who cordially welcomed the participants from all over the world and gave a brief introduction to the Center and the research conducted there. The scientific program consisted of plenary sessions and parallel sessions and included the following topics: Fundamental symmetries and spin Spin structure of hadrons Spin physics beyond the Standard Model Spin in hadronic reactions Spin physics with photons and leptons Spin physics in nuclear reactions and nuclei Acceleration, storage, and polarimetry of polarized beams Polarized ion and lepton sources and targets Future facilities and experiments Medical and technological applications of spin physics The 6-day symposium had about 300 participants. In total 35 plenary talks (including 3 summaries of other spin physics meetings) and 163 contributed talks were given. The contents of many of these can be found in the present contributions, arranged according to the above topics and the time sequence. In addition, a public lecture on "Drall in der Quantenwelt", presented by H O Meyer (Bloomington) was received very well. Participants had the option to visit the Cooler synchrotron COSY at the Nuclear Physics Institute (IKP) and the 9.4 T MRT-PET hybrid scanner at the Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM), two unique facilities at FZJ, and many made the most of the opportunity. We gratefully acknowledge the financial support from Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL, USA), Forschungszentrum Jülich (FZJ), the International Union of Pure And Applied Physics (IUPAP), Thomas Jefferson Laboratory (JLab, USA), Helmholtz Institute Mainz (HIM, Germany) and the Virtual Institute on Spin and Strong QCD (VI-QCD) of the Helmholtz Association (HGF). We would also like to thank the local people from IKP and other institutions of FZJ for their contributions and help - without them we would not have been able to organize this great meeting. The current proceedings comprise written contributions of many of the presentations during SPIN2010; however, due to the recent incident in Japan, a number of our colleagues from there were unfortunately not able to deliver their write-ups in due time. This volume was edited by Ralf Gebel, Christoph Hanhart, Andro Kacharava, Andreas Lehrach, Bernd Lorentz, Nikolai N Nikolaev, Andreas Nogga, Frank Rathmann, and Hans Ströher. The next symposium - SPIN2012 - will be held at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) in Dubna (Russia) in 2012. We are looking forward to meeting you there. Important conference-related links: SPIN2010 Web-site: https://www.congressa.de/SPIN2010/ Article in CERN Courier: http://cerncourier.com/cws/article/cern/45451 Spin Physics Committee: http://www.spin-community.org Jülich, April 2011 - Hans Ströher, Frank Rathmann (Chairs SPIN2010) Conference photograph

The impact of new polarization data from Bonn, Mainz and Jefferson Laboratory on $$\\gamma p \\rightarrow \\pi N$$ multipoles

DOE PAGES

Anisovich, A. V.; Beck, R.; Döring, M.; ...

2016-09-16

New data on pion-photoproduction off the proton have been included in the partial wave analyses Bonn-Gatchina and SAID and in the dynamical coupled-channel approach Julich-Bonn. All reproduce the recent new data well: the double polarization data for E, G, H, P and T inmore » $$\\gamma p \\to \\pi^0 p$$ from ELSA, the beam asymmetry $$\\Sigma$$ for $$\\gamma p \\to \\pi^0 p$$ and $$\\pi^+ n$$ from Jefferson Laboratory, and the precise new differential cross section and beam asymmetry data $$\\Sigma$$ for $$\\gamma p \\to \\pi^0 p$$ from MAMI. The new fit results for the multipoles are compared with predictions not taking into account the new data. Lastly, the mutual agreement is improved considerably but still far from being perfect.« less

The impact of new polarization data from Bonn, Mainz and Jefferson Laboratory on $$\\gamma p \\rightarrow \\pi N$$ multipoles

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Anisovich, A. V.; Beck, R.; Döring, M.

New data on pion-photoproduction off the proton have been included in the partial wave analyses Bonn-Gatchina and SAID and in the dynamical coupled-channel approach Julich-Bonn. All reproduce the recent new data well: the double polarization data for E, G, H, P and T inmore » $$\\gamma p \\to \\pi^0 p$$ from ELSA, the beam asymmetry $$\\Sigma$$ for $$\\gamma p \\to \\pi^0 p$$ and $$\\pi^+ n$$ from Jefferson Laboratory, and the precise new differential cross section and beam asymmetry data $$\\Sigma$$ for $$\\gamma p \\to \\pi^0 p$$ from MAMI. The new fit results for the multipoles are compared with predictions not taking into account the new data. Lastly, the mutual agreement is improved considerably but still far from being perfect.« less

Neutron detection using a crystal ball calorimeter

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Martem’yanov, M. A., E-mail: mmartemi@gmail.com; Kulikov, V. V.; Krutenkova, A. P.

2015-12-15

The program of experiments of the A2 Collaboration performed on a beam of tagged photons of the MAMI electron microtron in Mainz (Germany) includes precision measurements of the total and differential cross sections of the pion photoproduction on neutrons of a deuterium target. The determination of the detector ability to detect neutrons is undoubtedly one of the important problems of the experiment. The calorimetric system of the detector contains a segmented NaI Crystal Ball detector, which gives information about the position, energy, and detection time of neutral and charged particles in a wide angular range. In this work, we describemore » the measurement of the neutron detection efficiency in the energy range from 20 to 400MeV. The results are compared with BNL data obtained on a pion beam and proton target.« less

(3) He Spin Filter for Neutrons.

PubMed

Batz, M; Baeßler, S; Heil, W; Otten, E W; Rudersdorf, D; Schmiedeskamp, J; Sobolev, Y; Wolf, M

2005-01-01

The strongly spin-dependent absorption of neutrons in nuclear spin-polarized (3)He opens up the possibility of polarizing neutrons from reactors and spallation sources over the full kinematical range of cold, thermal and hot neutrons. This paper gives a report on the neutron spin filter (NSF) development program at Mainz. The polarization technique is based on direct optical pumping of metastable (3)He atoms combined with a polarization preserving mechanical compression of the gas up to a pressure of several bar, necessary to run a NSF. The concept of a remote type of operation using detachable NSF cells is presented which requires long nuclear spin relaxation times of order 100 hours. A short survey of their use under experimental conditions, e.g. large solid-angle polarization analysis, is given. In neutron particle physics NSFs are used in precision measurements to test fundamental symmetry concepts.

Threshold π 0 Photoproduction on Transverse Polarised Protons at MAMI

DOE PAGES

Schumann, S.

2015-09-14

Polarisation-dependent differential cross sections σ T associated with the target asymmetry T have been measured for the reaction γ p -→ p π 0 with transverse target polarisation from π 0 threshold up to photon energies of 190 MeV. Additionally, the data were obtained using a frozen-spin butanol target with the Crystal Ball / TAPS detector set-up and the Glasgow photon tagging system at the Mainz Microtron MAMI. Our results for σ T have been used in combination with our previous measurements of the unpolarised cross section σ 0 and the beam asymmetry Σ for a model-independent determination of Smore » and P wave multipoles in the π 0 threshold region, which includes for the first time a direct determination of the imaginary part of the E 0+ multipole.« less

Electrically activated artificial muscles made with liquid crystal elastomers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shahinpoor, Mohsen

2000-06-01

Composites of monodomain nematic liquid crystal elastomers and a conducting material distributed within their network are shown to exhibit large deformations, i.e. contraction, expansion, bending with strains of over 200% and appreciable force, by Joule heating through electrical activation. The electrical activation of the conducting material induces a rapid Joule heating in the sample leading to a nematic to isotropic phase transition where the elastomer of dimensions 32 mm x 7 mm x 0.4 mm contracted in less than a second. The cooling process, isotropic to nematic transition where the elastomer expands back to its original length, was slow and took 8 seconds. The material studied here is a highly novel liquid crystalline co-elastomer, invented and developed by Heino Finkelmann and co-workers at Albert-Ludwigs-Universitaet in Freiburg, Germany. The material is such that in which the mesogenic units are in both the side chains and the main chains of the elastomer. This co-elastomer was then mechanically loaded to induce a uniaxial network anisotropy before the cross-linking reaction was completed. These samples were then made into a composite with a conducting material such as dispersed silver particles or graphite fibers. The final samples was capable of undergoing more than 200% reversible strain in a few seconds.

Synchronizing flash-melting in a diamond cell with synchrotron X ray diffraction (XRD)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Karandikar, Amol; Boehler, Reinhard; Meng, Yue; Rod, Eric; Shen, Guoyin

2013-06-01

The major challenges in measuring melting temperatures in laser heated diamond cells are sample instability, thermal runaway and chemical reactions. To circumvent these problems, we developed a ``flash heating'' method using a modulated CW fiber laser and fast X ray detection capability at APS (Pilatus 1M detector). As an example, Pt spheres of 5 micron diameter were loaded in a single crystal sapphire encapsulation in the diamond cell at 65 GPa and heated in a single flash heating event for 20 ms to reach a desired temperature. A CCD spectrometer and the Pilatus were synchronized to measure the temperature and the XRD signal, respectively, when the sample reached the thermal steady state. Each successive flash heating was done at a higher temperature. The integrated XRD pattern, collected during and after (300 K) each heating, showed no chemical reaction up to 3639 K, the highest temperature reached in the experiment. Pt111 and 200 peak intensity variation showed gradual recrystalization and complete diminishing at about 3600 K, indicating melting. Thus, synchronized flash heating with novel sample encapsulation circumvents previous notorious problems and enables accurate melting temperature measurement in the diamond cell using synchrotron XRD probe. Affiliation 2: Geowissenschaeften, Goethe-Universitaet, Altenhoeferallee 1, D-60438 Frankfurt a.M., Germany.

Experimental results on the ω- and η'-nucleus potential - on the way to mesic states

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nanova, Mariana

2015-06-01

Different experimental approaches to determine the meson-nucleus optical potential are discussed. The experiments have been performed with the Crystal Barrel/TAPS detector system at the ELSA accelerator in Bonn and the Crystal Ball/TAPS at the MAMI accelerator in Mainz. Experimental results about the real and imaginary part of the η'- and ω-nucleus optical potential are presented. The imaginary part of the meson-nucleus optical potential is determined from the in-medium width of the meson by the measurement of the transparency ratio. Information on the real part of the optical potential is deduced from measurements of the excitation function and momentum distribution which are sensitive to the sign and depth of the potential. The results are discussed and compared to theoretical predictions. The data for both mesons are consistent with a weakly attractive potential. The formation and population of ω-nucleus and η'-nucleus bound states is additionally discussed.

Beam asymmetry Σ for π+ and π0 photoproduction on the proton for photon energies from 1.102 to 1.862 GeV

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dugger, M.; Ritchie, B. G.; Collins, P.; Pasyuk, E.; Briscoe, W. J.; Strakovsky, I. I.; Workman, R. L.; Azimov, Y.; Adhikari, K. P.; Adikaram, D.; Aghasyan, M.; Amaryan, M. J.; Anderson, M. D.; Pereira, S. Anefalos; Avakian, H.; Ball, J.; Baltzell, N. A.; Battaglieri, M.; Batourine, V.; Bedlinskiy, I.; Biselli, A. S.; Boiarinov, S.; Burkert, V. D.; Carman, D. S.; Celentano, A.; Chandavar, S.; Cole, P. L.; Contalbrigo, M.; Cortes, O.; Crede, V.; D'Angelo, A.; Dashyan, N.; Vita, R. De; Sanctis, E. De; Deur, A.; Djalali, C.; Doughty, D.; Dupre, R.; Egiyan, H.; Alaoui, A. El; Fassi, L. El; Elouadrhiri, L.; Eugenio, P.; Fedotov, G.; Fegan, S.; Fleming, J. A.; Gevorgyan, N.; Gilfoyle, G. P.; Giovanetti, K. L.; Girod, F. X.; Goetz, J. T.; Gohn, W.; Golovatch, E.; Gothe, R. W.; Griffioen, K. A.; Guidal, M.; Guler, N.; Guo, L.; Hafidi, K.; Hakobyan, H.; Hanretty, C.; Harrison, N.; Heddle, D.; Hicks, K.; Ho, D.; Holtrop, M.; Ilieva, Y.; Ireland, D. G.; Ishkhanov, B. S.; Isupov, E. L.; Jo, H. S.; Joo, K.; Keller, D.; Khandaker, M.; Kim, A.; Kim, W.; Klein, A.; Klein, F. J.; Koirala, S.; Kubarovsky, A.; Kubarovsky, V.; Kuleshov, S. V.; Lewis, S.; Livingston, K.; Lu, H. Y.; MacGregor, I. J. D.; Martinez, D.; Mayer, M.; McKinnon, B.; Mineeva, T.; Mirazita, M.; Mokeev, V.; Montgomery, R. A.; Moutarde, H.; Munevar, E.; Camacho, C. Munoz; Nadel-Turonski, P.; Nepali, C. S.; Niccolai, S.; Niculescu, G.; Niculescu, I.; Osipenko, M.; Ostrovidov, A. I.; Pappalardo, L. L.; Paremuzyan, R.; Park, K.; Park, S.; Peng, P.; Phelps, E.; Phillips, J. J.; Pisano, S.; Pogorelko, O.; Pozdniakov, S.; Price, J. W.; Procureur, S.; Prok, Y.; Protopopescu, D.; Raue, B. A.; Rimal, D.; Ripani, M.; Rizzo, A.; Rosner, G.; Rossi, P.; Sabatié, F.; Saini, M. S.; Salgado, C.; Schott, D.; Schumacher, R. A.; Seder, E.; Senderovich, I.; Seraydaryan, H.; Sharabian, Y. G.; Smith, G. D.; Sober, D. I.; Sokhan, D.; Stepanyan, S. S.; Stoler, P.; Strauch, S.; Taiuti, M.; Tang, W.; Tian, Ye; Tkachenko, S.; Torayev, B.; Ungaro, M.; Voskanyan, H.; Voutier, E.; Walford, N. K.; Watts, D. P.; Weygand, D. P.; Zachariou, N.; Zana, L.; Zhang, J.; Zhao, Z. W.; Zonta, I.; CLAS Collaboration

2013-12-01

Beam asymmetries for the reactions γp →pπ0 and γp →nπ+ have been measured with the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS) and a tagged, linearly polarized photon beam with energies from 1.102-1.862 GeV. A Fourier moment technique for extracting beam asymmetries from experimental data is described. The results reported here possess greater precision and finer energy resolution than previous measurements. Our data for both pion reactions appear to favor the SAID and Bonn-Gatchina scattering analyses over the older Mainz MAID predictions. After incorporating the present set of beam asymmetries into the world database, exploratory fits made with the SAID analysis indicate that the largest changes from previous fits are for properties of the Δ(1700)3/2- and Δ(1905)5/2+ states.

Quark-hadron duality constraints on $$\\gamma Z$$ box corrections to parity-violating elastic scattering

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hall, Nathan L.; Blunden, Peter G.; Melnitchouk, Wally

2015-12-08

We examine the interference \\gamma Z box corrections to parity-violating elastic electron--proton scattering in the light of the recent observation of quark-hadron duality in parity-violating deep-inelastic scattering from the deuteron, and the approximate isospin independence of duality in the electromagnetic nucleon structure functions down to Q 2 \\approx 1 GeV 2. Assuming that a similar behavior also holds for the \\gamma Z proton structure functions, we find that duality constrains the γ Z box correction to the proton's weak charge to be Re V γ Z V = (5.4 \\pm 0.4) \\times 10 -3 at the kinematics of the Qmore » weak experiment. Within the same model we also provide estimates of the γ Z corrections for future parity-violating experiments, such as MOLLER at Jefferson Lab and MESA at Mainz.« less

Timing in a FLASH

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hoek, M.; Cardinali, M.; Corell, O.; Dickescheid, M.; Ferretti B., M. I.; Lauth, W.; Schlimme, B. S.; Sfienti, C.; Thiel, M.

2017-12-01

A prototype detector, called FLASH (Fast Light Acquiring Start Hodoscope), was built to provide precise Time-of-Flight (TOF) measurements and reference timestamps for detector setups at external beam lines. Radiator bars, made of synthetic fused silica, were coupled to a fast MCP-PMT with 64 channels and read out with custom electronics using Time-over-Threshold (TOT) for signal characterization. The TRB3 system, a high-precision TDC implemented in an FPGA, was used as data acquisition system. The performance of a system consisting of two FLASH units was investigated at a dedicated test experiment at the Mainz Microtron (MAMI) accelerator using its 855 MeV electron beam. The TOT measurement enabled time walk corrections and an overall TOF resolution of ∼70 ps could be achieved which translates into a resolution of ∼50 ps per FLASH unit. The intrinsic resolution of the frontend electronics including the TDC was measured to be less than 25 ps.

Relevance of β-delayed neutron data for reactor, nuclear physics and astrophysics applications

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kratz, Karl-Ludwig

Initially, yields (or abundances) and branching ratios of β-delayed neutrons (βdn) from fission products (P{sub n}-values) have had their main importance in nuclear reactor control. At that time, the six-group mathematical approximation of the time-dependence of βdn-data in terms of the so-called 'Keepin groups' was generally accepted. Later, with the development of high-resolution neutron spectroscopy, βdn data have provided important information on nuclear-structure properties at intermediate excitation energy in nuclei far from stability, as well as in nuclear astrophysics. In this paper, I will present some examples of the βdn-studies performed by the Kernchemie Mainz group during the past threemore » decades. This work has been recognized as an example of 'broad scientific diversity' which has led to my nomination for the 2014 Hans A. Bethe prize.« less

Formation of Hyper Hydrogen isotopes in light p-shell nuclei

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jolos, R. V., E-mail: jolos@theor.jinr.ru; Majling, L.; Majlingova, O.

Recent experiment by A1 Collaboration at Mainz, namely identification of {sub Λ}{sup 4}H hyperfragment from primary {sub Λ}{sup 9}Li hypernucleus produced in reaction (e, e′K{sup +}), stirred renewed interest in baryonic decay of hypernuclei. The important role of s{sup −1}s{sub Λ} excitation in p-shell hypernuclei as well as the existence of selection rules connected with [f] (Young diagram) was noted earlier within Translational Invariant Shell Model (TISM). The particular conditions of the present experiment (reaction is not selective and produces highly excited states) dictate extension of the simplest TISM: expansion of the harmonic oscillator basis space and compression of multipletsmore » (to only (λμ) for L and [f] for S, T). Such modified TISM explains abundance production of {sub Λ}{sup 4}H hyperfragment and predicts production of another Hyper Hydrogen {sub Λ}{sup 6}H.« less

Electron Accelerators for Research at the Frontiers of Nuclear Physics

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hartline, Beverly; Grunder, Hermann

1986-10-01

Electron accelerators for the frontiers of nuclear physics must provide high duty factor (gte 80) for coincidence measurements; few-hundred-MeV through few-GeV energy for work in the nucleonic, hadronic, and confinement regimes; energy resolution of ~ 10 -4; and high current (gte 100 zA). To fulfill these requirements new machines and upgrades of existing ones are being planned or constructed. Representative microtron-based facilities are the upgrade of MAMI at the University of Mainz (West Germany), the proposed two-stage cascade microtron at the University of Illinois (U.S.A.), and the three-stage Troitsk ``polytron'' (USSR). Representative projects to add pulse stretcher rings to existingmore » linacs are the upgrades at MIT-Bates (U.S.A.) and at NIKHEF-K (Netherlands). Recent advances in superconducting rf technology, especially in cavity design and fabrication, have made large superconducting cw linacs become feasible. Recirculating superconducting cw linacs are under construc« less

The End Point Tagger physics program at A2@MAMI

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Steffen, Oliver

2017-04-01

The A2-Collaboration uses a beam of real photons from the tagged photon facility at the electron accelerator MAMI in Mainz, Germany, to study photo-produced mesons. A new tagging device allows access to the higher photon beam energy range of 1.4 to 1.6 GeV. A large dataset containing more than 6 million η' and roughly 29 million ω decays has been obtained. Analyses are ongoing, including a study of the cusp effect and Dalitz plot in η' → ηπ0π0, giving insight to the ππ scattering length and the structure of the ηππ system, as well as the measurement of the electromagnetic transition form factor in η' → e+e-γ, a cross section measurement of γp → 3π0, and branching ratio analyses of η' → ωγ and ω → ηγ.

3He Spin Filter for Neutrons

PubMed Central

Batz, M.; Baeßler, S.; Heil, W.; Otten, E. W.; Rudersdorf, D.; Schmiedeskamp, J.; Sobolev, Y.; Wolf, M.

2005-01-01

The strongly spin-dependent absorption of neutrons in nuclear spin-polarized 3He opens up the possibility of polarizing neutrons from reactors and spallation sources over the full kinematical range of cold, thermal and hot neutrons. This paper gives a report on the neutron spin filter (NSF) development program at Mainz. The polarization technique is based on direct optical pumping of metastable 3He atoms combined with a polarization preserving mechanical compression of the gas up to a pressure of several bar, necessary to run a NSF. The concept of a remote type of operation using detachable NSF cells is presented which requires long nuclear spin relaxation times of order 100 hours. A short survey of their use under experimental conditions, e.g. large solid-angle polarization analysis, is given. In neutron particle physics NSFs are used in precision measurements to test fundamental symmetry concepts. PMID:27308139

Measurement of the neutron electric to magnetic form factor ratio at Q2=1.58  GeV2 using the reaction 3He[over →](e[over →],e'n)pp.

PubMed

Schlimme, B S; Achenbach, P; Ayerbe Gayoso, C A; Bernauer, J C; Böhm, R; Bosnar, D; Challand, Th; Distler, M O; Doria, L; Fellenberger, F; Fonvieille, H; Gómez Rodríguez, M; Grabmayr, P; Hehl, T; Heil, W; Kiselev, D; Krimmer, J; Makek, M; Merkel, H; Middleton, D G; Müller, U; Nungesser, L; Ott, B A; Pochodzalla, J; Potokar, M; Sánchez Majos, S; Sargsian, M M; Sick, I; Sirca, S; Weinriefer, M; Wendel, M; Yoon, C J

2013-09-27

A measurement of beam helicity asymmetries in the reaction 3He[over →](e[over →],e'n)pp is performed at the Mainz Microtron in quasielastic kinematics to determine the electric to magnetic form factor ratio of the neutron GEn/GMn at a four-momentum transfer Q2=1.58  GeV2. Longitudinally polarized electrons are scattered on a highly polarized 3He gas target. The scattered electrons are detected with a high-resolution magnetic spectrometer, and the ejected neutrons are detected with a dedicated neutron detector composed of scintillator bars. To reduce systematic errors, data are taken for four different target polarization orientations allowing the determination of GEn/GMn from a double ratio. We find μnGEn/GMn=0.250±0.058(stat)±0.017(syst).

A short-orbit spectrometer for low-energy pion detection in electroproduction experiments at MAMI

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Baumann, D.; Ding, M.; Friščić, I.; Böhm, R.; Bosnar, D.; Distler, M. O.; Merkel, H.; Müller, U.; Walcher, Th.; Wendel, M.

2017-12-01

A new Short-Orbit Spectrometer (SOS) has been constructed and installed within the experimental facility of the A1 collaboration at Mainz Microtron (MAMI), with the goal to detect low-energy pions. It is equipped with a Browne-Buechner magnet and a detector system consisting of two helium-ethane based drift chambers and a scintillator telescope made of five layers. The detector system allows detection of pions in the momentum range of 50-147 MeV/c, which corresponds to 8.7-63 MeV kinetic energy. The spectrometer can be placed at a distance range of 54-66 cm from the target center. Two collimators are available for the measurements, one having 1.8 msr aperture and the other having 7 msr aperture. The Short-Orbit Spectrometer has been successfully calibrated and used in coincidence measurements together with the standard magnetic spectrometers of the A1 collaboration.

Recoil polarization and beam-recoil double polarization measurement of eta electroproduction on the proton in the region of the S11(1535) resonance.

PubMed

Merkel, H; Achenbach, P; Ayerbe Gayoso, C; Bernauer, J C; Böhm, R; Bosnar, D; Cheymol, B; Distler, M O; Doria, L; Fonvieille, H; Friedrich, J; Janssens, P; Makek, M; Müller, U; Nungesser, L; Pochodzalla, J; Potokar, M; Sánchez Majos, S; Schlimme, B S; Sirca, S; Tiator, L; Walcher, Th; Weinriefer, M

2007-09-28

The beam-recoil double polarization P(x')(h) and P(z')(h) and the recoil polarization P(y') were measured for the first time for the p(e,e'p)eta reaction at a four-momentum transfer of Q(2) = 0.1 GeV(2)/c(2) and a center of mass production angle of theta = 120 degrees at the Mainz Microtron MAMI-C. With a center of mass energy range of 1500 MeV

Republication of: Geometrodynamics in the null case. Exact solutions of the field equations of the general theory of relativity III

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jordan, Pascual; Kundt, Wolfgang

2014-03-01

This is an English translation of a paper by Pascual Jordan and Wolfgang Kundt, first published in 1961 in the proceedings of the Academy of Sciences and Literature in Mainz (Germany). The original paper was part 3 of a five-part series of articles containing the first summary of knowledge about exact solutions of Einstein's equations found until then. (Parts 1, 2 and 4 of the series have already been reprinted, part 5 will be printed as a Golden Oldie in near future.) This third paper shows how solutions of the Einstein-Maxwell equations with null Maxwell field can be incorporated into the scheme of geometrodynamics. It has been selected by the Editors of General Relativity and Gravitation for republication in the Golden Oldies series of the journal. The republication is accompanied by an editorial note written by Charles Misner.

Generalized polarizabilities of the nucleon in baryon chiral perturbation theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lensky, Vadim; Pascalutsa, Vladimir; Vanderhaeghen, Marc

2017-02-01

The nucleon generalized polarizabilities (GPs), probed in virtual Compton scattering (VCS), describe the spatial distribution of the polarization density in a nucleon. They are accessed experimentally via the process of electron-proton bremsstrahlung (ep→ epγ ) at electron-beam facilities, such as MIT-Bates, CEBAF (Jefferson Lab), and MAMI (Mainz). We present the calculation of the nucleon GPs and VCS observables at next-to-leading order in baryon chiral perturbation theory (Bχ PT), and confront the results with the empirical information. At this order our results are predictions, in the sense that all the parameters are well known from elsewhere. Within the relatively large uncertainties of our calculation we find good agreement with the experimental observations of VCS and the empirical extractions of the GPs. We find large discrepancies with previous chiral calculations - all done in heavy-baryon χ PT (HBχ PT) - and discuss the differences between Bχ PT and HBχ PT responsible for these discrepancies.

[The fate of the professors of the medical Faculty of Breslau after the expulsion 1945/46].

PubMed

Scholz, Albrecht; Barth, Thomas; Pappai, Anna-Sophia; Wacker, Axel

2005-01-01

The University of Breslau was one of the most important universities in Germany in the first half of the 20th century. Breslau was the capital of the state of Silesia which became Polish territory. The university was closed after World War II. There were attempts to transfer the entire Medical Faculty to an established German university in Heidelberg, Leipzig, and Mainz, but these efforts failed. All 18 full professors from Breslau tried to get a university position; 16 moved to the western zones while two were in the eastern zone of Germany. Only 11 professors were successful in obtaining a position. Factors determining who was successful were evaluated. The scientific or political background of the professors played much less of a role than informal networking. Detailed biographies of the 18 full professors complete this report.

Seasonal variability of ice nuclei over Central Europe

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Klein, Holger; Nickovic, Slobodan; Schuetz, Lothar; Weinbruch, Stephan; Levin, Zev; Andreae, Meinrat; Barrie, Leonard; Ebert, Martin; Bundke, Ulrich; Bingemer, Heinz

2010-05-01

The abundance of ice nuclei (IN) has been measured every day since April 2008 at the Taunus Observatory on Mt. Kleiner Feldberg (50.22°N, 8.45°E, 825 m. above sea level) at 20 km north of Frankfurt / M., Germany. Aerosol samples were collected on silicon wafers by an electrical aerosol precipitator and analyzed for IN number concentration (condensation and deposition freezing modes) using the static vapor diffusion chamber FRIDGE (Klein et al., Atmos. Res, doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2009.08.002, 2009). Around 800 samples were analyzed so far. The IN number concentration shows a pronounced seasonal signal with about a factor of 10 higher ice nuclei in summer than in winter. Desert dust transported over long distances appears to be the dominant contributor to IN at the site. Episodes of Sahara dust transport are well represented by individual peaks in the IN record and identified by airmass trajectories, transport modelling and mineralogical analysis. The contribution of mineral dust to IN is further corroborated by the covariance of the individual IN concentrations with the aerosol optical depth (AOD) due to extinction by large particles, which was measured simultaneously at the AERONET site (Max-Planck-Institute for Chemistry) at Mainz, 20 km southwest of our site. The relation between IN and AOD not only holds for our individual daily measurements, but is also valid for the monthly means of our IN record, which are highly correlated to the multi-year monthly means of coarse and middle-sized dust AOD which is derived from the Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) satellite instrument (http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/misr_tools/clim_likely.cgi ) for the grid point closest to our site. Acknowledgements: We gratefully acknowledge funding of this work by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) as part of the collaborative research centre Die troposphärische Eisphase (SFB641) and by the German-Israeli Foundation (GIF).

Oral Histories in Meteoritics and Planetary Science—XIX: Klaus Keil

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sears, Derek W. G.

2012-12-01

Abstract- Klaus Keil (Fig. 1) grew up in Jena and became interested in meteorites as a student of Fritz Heide. His research for his Dr. rer. nat. became known to Hans Suess who--with some difficulty--arranged for him to move to La Jolla, via Mainz, 6 months before the borders of East Germany were closed. In La Jolla, Klaus became familiar with the electron microprobe, which has remained a central tool in his research and, with Kurt Fredriksson, he confirmed the existence of Urey and Craig's chemical H and L chondrite groups, and added a third group, the LL chondrites. Klaus then moved to NASA Ames where he established a microprobe laboratory, published his definitive paper on enstatite chondrites, and led in the development of the Si(Li) detector and the EDS method of analysis. After 5 years at Ames, Klaus became director of the Institute of Meteoritics at the University of New Mexico where he built up one of the leading meteorite research groups while working on a wide variety of projects, including chondrite groups, chondrules, differentiated meteorites, lunar samples, and Hawai'ian basalts. The basalt studies led to a love of Hawai'i and a move to the University of Hawai'i in 1990, where he has continued a wide variety of meteorite projects, notably the role of volcanism on asteroids. Klaus Keil has received honorary doctorates from Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, and the University of New Mexico, Albuquerque. He was President of the Meteoritical Society in 1969-1970 and was awarded the Leonard Medal in 1988.

PREFACE: 15th International Conference on Strangeness in Quark Matter (SQM2015)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alvarez-Castillo, D.; Blaschke, D.; Kekelidze, V.; Matveev, V.; Sorin, A.

2016-01-01

The 15th International Conference Strangeness in Quark Matter (SQM) took place at the Veksler and Baldin Laboratory of High Energy Physics (VBLHEP) of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) in Dubna in the period July 6 -11, with a record participation of 244 people from 31 countries! The previous meeting of the series in Birmingham 2013 had collected 158 physicists from 25 countries [J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 509, 011001 (2014)]. At SQM-2015, there was also a record participation of young scientist; every 4th conference attendee did not yet hold a PhD degree! There was a special program of 4 general lectures, a devoted session of parallel talks for Young Talents and the Helmholtz International Summer School (HISS) with 16 lecturers on the topics regarding Dense Matter (29.06.-11.07.) as a satellite event at the Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics (BLTP) and at VBLHEP. Another satellite event was the Round TableWorkshop on Physics at NICA, jointly organized by JINR and the Republic of South Africa on July 5, 2015. The selection of Dubna as the place for SQM-2015 conference by the International Advisory Committee (IAC) demonstrates the broad interest of the community in the progress of the Russian Megascience Project on the Nuclotron-based Ion Collider Facility (NICA) hosted at JINR Dubna. In a few years from now the experiments planned at NICA will produce data that provide new information of unprecedented accuracy which will help to answer some of the key questions which are topical at this conference. The SQM-2015 conference had an ambitious scientific program with 38 plenary talks, 97 parallel talks in 7 topical directions and 39 posters reporting the state of the research and the future directions in the fields of strangeness, heavy avors and bulk physics, suggested by the IAC to be the subtitle of the conference from 2016 onwards. Most of the contributions are represented in these Proceedings which we recommend to the community! We gratefully acknowledge support from the JINR Dubna, the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung via the Heisenberg-Landau program, the Ministerstwo Nauki i Szkolnistwa Wyższego via the Bogoliubov-Infeld program, the LOEWE program via HIC for FAIR, the Helmholtz Association with their centres DESY, FZ Jülich, GSI Darmstadt, HZ Dresden-Rossendorf, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology and the Helmholtz Institutes in Mainz and Jena via the HISS programme. We thank the IAC for their help and advice in planning the conference, and we are grateful to the members of the Local Organisation Committee for their help in during the conference as well as to Niels-Uwe Bastian, Alexandra Friesen, Mark Alexander Kaltenborn and Irina Pirozhenko for their assistance in preparing these Proceedings.

[Medicine in the digital age : Telemedicine in medical school education].

PubMed

Kuhn, S; Jungmann, F

2018-03-01

The increasing digitization of our lives and work has also reached medicine and is changing the profession of medical doctors. The modern forms of communication and cooperation in everyday medical practice demand new skills and qualifications. To enable future doctors to comply with this digitally competent profile, an innovative blended learning curriculum was developed and first implemented at the University Medical Center Mainz in summer semester 2017-Medicine in the Digital Age. The teaching concept encompasses five modules, each consisting of an e‑learning unit and a 3-hour classroom course. This publication presents the teaching concept, the initial implementation and evaluation of the module "Telemedicine". The competency development in the field of telemedicine showed a significant increase for the subcomponents "knowledge" and "skills". The neutral attitude towards telemedicine at the beginning of the module could be changed to a positive opinion after the session. The teaching of digital skills is a relevant component of future curriculum development in medical studies and also a challenge for continuing medical education.

Hadronic light-by-light scattering contribution to the muon g - 2 on the lattice

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Asmussen, Nils; Gérardin, Antoine; Green, Jeremy; Gryniuk, Oleksii; von Hippel, Georg; Meyer, Harvey B.; Nyffeler, Andreas; Pascalutsa, Vladimir; Wittig, Hartmut

2018-05-01

We briefly review several activities at Mainz related to hadronic light-by-light scattering (HLbL) using lattice QCD. First we present a position-space approach to the HLbL contribution in the muon g̅2, where we focus on exploratory studies of the pion-pole contribution in a simple model and the lepton loop in QED in the continuum and in infinite volume. The second part describes a lattice calculation of the double-virtual pion transition form factor Fπ0γ*γ* (q21; q21) in the spacelike region with photon virtualities up to 1.5 GeV2 which paves the way for a lattice calculation of the pion-pole contribution to HLbL. The third topic involves HLbL forward scattering amplitudes calculated in lattice QCD which can be described, using dispersion relations (HLbL sum rules), by γ*γ* → hadrons fusion cross sections and then compared with phenomenological models.

Baryon Spectroscopy at ELSA and at MAMI - selected results

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Krusche, B.

2014-05-01

Spectroscopy of baryons and their excited states plays a key role for our understanding of the strong interaction in the non-perturbative regime. Both, in theory and in experiment, large progress has been made during the last few years. The rapid developments in lattice gauge calculations and the application of the Dyson-Schwinger equation to QCD have opened new perspectives for the interpretation of the excitation spectrum of the nucleon. In parallel, large efforts have been undertaken world-wide, and are still running, to investigate excited nucleon states experimentally, in particular with photon-induced production of mesons. In the present contribution we discuss such experimental programs conducted at the tagged photon beams of the electron accelerators ELSA in Bonn and MAMI in Mainz. These programs are diverse. They include the measurement of cross sections, single- and double polarization observables for single meson production and production of meson pairs off free protons as well as of quasi-free nucleons bound in the deuteron (and sometimes other light nuclei).

The New APD Based Readout for the Crystal Barrel Calorimeter

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Urban, M.; Honisch, Ch; Steinacher, M.; CBELSA/TAPS Collaboration

2015-02-01

The CBELSA/TAPS experiment at ELSA measures double polarization observables in meson photoproduction off protons and neutrons. To be able to measure purely neutral reactions off polarized neutrons with high efficiency, the main calorimeter has to be integrated into the first level trigger. This requires to exchange the existing PIN photo diode by a new avalanche photo diode (APD) readout. The newly developed readout electronics will provide an energy resolution compatible to the previous set-up and a fast trigger signal down to 10 MeV energy deposit per crystal. After the successful final tests with a 3x3 CsI crystal matrix in Bonn at ELSA and in Mainz at MAMI all front-end electronics were produced in fall 2013. Automated test routines for the front-end electronics were developed and the characterization measurements of all APDs were successfully accomplished in Bonn. The project is supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB/TR16) and Schweizerischer Nationalfonds.

RF Guns for Generation of Polarized Electron Beams

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Clendenin, J.E.; Brachmann, A.; Dowell, D.H.

2005-11-09

Several accelerators, including the SLC, JLAB, Mainz, Bates/MIT, and Bonn have successfully operated for medium and high energy physics experiments using polarized electron beams generated by dc-biased guns employing GaAs photocathodes. Since these guns have all used a bias on the order of 100 kV, the longitudinal emittance of the extracted bunch is rather poor. Downstream rf bunching systems increase the transverse emittance. An rf gun with a GaAs photocathode would eliminate the need for separate rf bunchers, resulting in a simpler injection system. In addition, the thermal emittance of GaAs-type cathodes is significantly lower than for other photocathode materials.more » The environmental requirements for operating activated GaAs photocathodes cannot be met by rf guns as currently designed and operated. These requirements, including limits on vacuum and electron back bombardment, are discussed in some detail. Modifications to actual and proposed rf gun designs that would allow these requirements to be met are presented.« less

Study of η and η' Photoproduction at MAMI.

PubMed

Kashevarov, V L; Ott, P; Prakhov, S; Adlarson, P; Afzal, F; Ahmed, Z; Akondi, C S; Annand, J R M; Arends, H J; Beck, R; Braghieri, A; Briscoe, W J; Cividini, F; Codling, R; Collicott, C; Costanza, S; Denig, A; Downie, E J; Dieterle, M; Ferretti Bondy, M I; Fil'kov, L V; Fix, A; Gardner, S; Garni, S; Glazier, D I; Glowa, D; Gradl, W; Gurevich, G; Hamilton, D J; Hornidge, D; Howdle, D; Huber, G M; Käser, A; Kay, S; Keshelashvili, I; Kondratiev, R; Korolija, M; Krusche, B; Linturi, J; Lisin, V; Livingston, K; MacGregor, I J D; MacRae, R; Mancell, J; Manley, D M; Martel, P P; McGeorge, J C; McNicol, E; Middleton, D G; Miskimen, R; Mornacchi, E; Mullen, C; Mushkarenkov, A; Neiser, A; Oberle, M; Ostrick, M; Otte, P B; Oussena, B; Paudyal, D; Pedroni, P; Polyanski, V V; Rajabi, A; Reicherz, G; Robinson, J; Rosner, G; Rostomyan, T; Sarty, A; Schott, D M; Schumann, S; Sfienti, C; Sokhoyan, V; Spieker, K; Steffen, O; Strandberg, B; Strakovsky, I I; Strub, Th; Supek, I; Taragin, M F; Thiel, A; Thiel, M; Tiator, L; Thomas, A; Unverzagt, M; Wagner, S; Watts, D P; Werthmüller, D; Wettig, J; Witthauer, L; Wolfes, M; Workman, R L; Zana, L

2017-05-26

The reactions γp→ηp and γp→η^{'}p are measured from their thresholds up to the center-of-mass energy W=1.96  GeV with the tagged-photon facilities at the Mainz Microtron, MAMI. Differential cross sections are obtained with unprecedented statistical accuracy, providing fine energy binning and full production-angle coverage. A strong cusp is observed in the total cross section for η photoproduction at the energies in the vicinity of the η^{'} threshold, W=1896  MeV (E_{γ}=1447  MeV). Within the framework of a revised ηMAID isobar model, the cusp, in connection with a steep rise of the η^{'} total cross section from its threshold, can only be explained by a strong coupling of the poorly known N(1895)1/2^{-} state to both ηp and η^{'}p. Including the new high-accuracy results in the ηMAID fit to available η and η^{'} photoproduction data allows the determination of the N(1895)1/2^{-} properties.

ICI/BASF PP for acrylics swap

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Alperowicz, N.

ICI (London) and BASF (Ludwigshafen) have announced their long-awaited polypropylene (PP) for acrylics swap deal. ICI is buying BASF's European acrylic resin business, and the German firm will acquire ICI's European PP operations. The deal is due for completion by mid-1993, subject to regulatory approvals. BASF, hitherto a small-scale PP producer, doubles capacity to 600,000 m.t./year and moves up the European PP league to number three, behind Himont and Shell. BASF, whose process is used in the plants, secures a foothold in the UK PP market, where Shell - planning a merger with Himont - is the only other producer,more » with 170,000 m.t./year. ICI's purchase involves BASF's Resart GmbH and Critesa SA subsidiaries, located at Mainz, Germany and near Barcelona, Spain, respectively. The business - which will add about [Brit pounds]60 million ($93 million) to ICI Acrylics [Brit pounds]300-million revenues - employs 400 people, who will transfer to ICI.« less

Astrophysical implications of extraterrestrial materials: A special issue for Ernst K. Zinner

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nittler, Larry R.

2018-01-01

This special issue is dedicated to the memory of Dr. Ernst K. Zinner (Fig. 1). Dr. Zinner (1937-2015) was a pioneer in the use of Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) in geo- and cosmochemistry. His contributions to science were vast, but in addition to his foundational SIMS development work, he is best known for the discovery and detailed characterization of presolar stardust grains in meteorites. This discovery opened up important new connections between astrophysics and meteoritical research and this is the overarching theme of this issue. Throughout his career, Ernst was a teacher, mentor, friend, and generous collaborator to legions of scientists. This issue presents research by many who were taught by, inspired by, and/or collaborated with this innovative cosmochemist and astrophysicist. In addition to the author, Ernst's former students and collaborators Drs. Christine Floss (Washington University) Peter Hoppe (MPI for chemistry, Mainz, Germany), and Kevin McKeegan (University of California, Los Angeles) served as Guest Editors for this issue.

[Unhealthy lifestyle in patients of a psychosomatic outpatient and consultation-liaison clinic].

PubMed

Beutel, Till F; Weiser, Prisca; Zwerenz, Rüdiger; Wiltink, Jörg; Subic-Wrana, Claudia; Michal, Matthias

2014-09-01

Patients with mental disorders have an increased risk for somatic diseases. Especially life style risk factors contribute to this increased risk. In order to identify targets for preventive measures, we aimed to determine the prevalence of an unhealthy lifestyle in a clinical sample and to analyze associations with severity of mental disorders and somatic complaints. We analyzed the medical records of n=1 919 outpatients, who were treated between 2009-2011 in the Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy of the University Medical Center Mainz. 62.4% of the patients were physically inactive, 33.2% were smokers and 17.4% were obese. Lifestyle risk factors were associated with increased symptom burden and impairment. Smoking was strongly associated with more previous psychiatric or psychosomatic inpatient treatments. These results indicate an urgent need for targeting health behavior more rigorously in the treatment of patients with common mental disorders. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

Mössbauer spectroscopy on Mars: goethite in the Columbia Hills at Gusev crater

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Klingelhöfer, G.; Degrave, E.; Morris, R. V.; van Alboom, A.; de Resende, V. G.; de Souza, P. A.; Rodionov, D.; Schröder, C.; Ming, D. W.; Yen, A.

2005-11-01

In January 2004 the USA space agency NASA landed two rovers on the surface of Mars, both carrying the Mainz Mössbauer spectrometer MIMOS II. The instrument on the Mars-Exploration-Rover (MER) Spirit analyzed soils and rocks on the plains and in the Columbia Hills of Gusev crater landing site on Mars. The surface material in the plains have an olivine basaltic signature [1, 5] suggesting physical rather than chemical weathering processes present in the plains. The Mössbauer signature for the Columbia Hills surface material is very different ranging from nearly unaltered material to highly altered material. Some of the rocks, in particular a rock named Clovis, contain a significant amount of the Fe oxyhydroxide goethite, α-FeOOH, which is mineralogical evidence for aqueous processes because it is formed only under aqueous conditions. In this paper we describe the analysis of these data using hyperfine field distributions (HFD) and discuss the results in comparison to terrestrial analogues.

Republication of: Contributions to the theory of pure gravitational radiation. Exact solutions of the field equations of the general theory of relativity II

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jordan, Pascual; Ehlers, Jürgen; Sachs, Rainer K.

2013-12-01

This is an English translation of a paper by Pascual Jordan, Juergen Ehlers and Rainer Sachs, first published in 1961 in the proceedings of the Academy of Sciences and Literature in Mainz (Germany). The original paper was part 2 of a five-part series of articles containing the first summary of knowledge about exact solutions of Einstein's equations found until then. (Parts 1 and 4 of the series have already been reprinted, parts 3 and 5 will be printed as Golden Oldies in near future.) This second paper discusses the geometry of geodesic null congruences, the algebraic classification of the Weyl tensor by spinor methods, and applies these to a study of the propagation of gravitational and electromagnetic radiation. It has been selected by the Editors of General Relativity and Gravitation for republication in the Golden Oldies series of the journal. The republication is accompanied by an editorial note written by Malcolm A. H. MacCallum and Wolfgang Kundt.

Accessing the Elastic Form-Factors of the $Delta(1232)$ Using the Beam-Normal Asymmetry

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dalton, Mark M.

2016-08-01

The beam-normal single-spin asymmetry,more » $$B_n$$, exists in the scattering of high energy electrons, polarized transverse to their direction of motion, from nuclear targets. To first order, this asymmetry is caused by the interference of the one-photon exchange amplitude with the imaginary part of the two-photon exchange amplitude. Measurements of $$B_n$$, for the production of a $$\\Delta(1232)$$ resonance from a proton target, will soon become available from the Qweak experiment at Jefferson Lab and the A4 experiment at Mainz. The imaginary part of two-photon exchange allows only intermediate states that are on-shell, including the $$\\Delta$$ itself. Therefore such data is sensitive to $$\\gamma\\Delta\\Delta$$, the elastic form-factors of the $$\\Delta$$. This article will introduce the form-factors of the $$\\Delta$$, discuss what might be learned about the elastic form-factors from these new data, describe ongoing efforts in calculation and measurement, and outline the possibility of future measurements.« less

La–Ce isotope measurements by multicollector-ICPMS† †Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available. See DOI: 10.1039/c7ja00256d

PubMed Central

Münker, Carsten; Strub, Erik

2017-01-01

The 138La–138Ce decay system (half-life 1.02 × 1011 years) is a potentially highly useful tool to unravel information about the timing of geological processes and about the interaction of geological reservoirs on earth, complementing information from the more popular 147Sm–143Nd and 176Lu–176Hf isotope systems. Previously published analytical protocols were limited to TIMS. Here we present for the first time an analytical protocol that employs MC-ICPMS, with an improved precision and sensitivity. To perform sufficiently accurate La–Ce measurements, an efficient ion-chromatographic procedure is required to separate Ce from the other rare earth elements (REE) and Ba quantitatively. This study presents an improved ion-chromatographic procedure that separates La and Ce from rock samples using a three-step column separation. After REE separation by cation exchange, Ce is separated employing an Ln Spec column and selective oxidation. In the last step, a cation clean-up chemistry is performed to remove all remaining interferences. Our MC-ICPMS measurement protocol includes all stable Ce isotopes (136Ce, 138Ce, 140Ce and 142Ce), by employing a 1010 ohm amplifier for the most abundant isotope 140Ce. An external reproducibility of ±0.25ε-units (2 r.s.d) has been routinely achieved for 138Ce measurements for as little as 150–600 ng Ce, depending on the sample–skimmer cone combinations being used. Because the traditionally used JMC-304 Ce reference material is not commercially available anymore, a new reference material was prepared from AMES laboratory Ce metal (Cologne-AMES). In order to compare the new material with the previously reported isotopic composition of AMES material prepared at Mainz (Mainz-AMES), Cologne-AMES and JMC-304 were measured relative to each other in the same analytical session, demonstrating isotope heterogeneity between the two AMES and different JMC-304 batches used in the literature. To enable sufficiently precise age correction of radiogenic 138Ce and to perform isochron dating, a protocol was developed where La and Ce concentrations are determined by isotope dilution (ID), using an isotope tracer enriched in 138La and 142Ce. The new protocols were applied to determine the variations of Ce isotope compositions and La–Ce concentrations of certified geochemical reference materials (CRMs): BCR-2, BCR-1, BHVO-2, JR-1, JA-2, JB-3, JG-1, JR-1, JB-1b, AGV-1 and one in-house La Palma standard. PMID:29456283

First Giant Mirror for the ESO VLT Ready at REOSC

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

1995-11-01

The REOSC Contract In 1989, the European Southern Observatory (ESO), the European Organisation for Astronomy, awarded to REOSC, a subsidiary of the SFIM Group and located in Saint Pierre du Perray (France), a comprehensive contract for the polishing of four 8.2-metre diameter mirrors for the unit telescopes of the ESO Very Large Telescope (VLT) project. These mirrors are the largest ever manufactured and polished. This contract comprises not only the polishing and high-precision optical testing of each giant mirror, but also the safe condition of transportation of the blanks which were manufactured by Schott Glaswerke in Mainz (Germany). In order to fulfill the contract, REOSC conceived, built and equipped a novel, high-tech workshop which would allow to polish and test the mirrors, each of which has a surface area of more than 50 square metres. First 8.2-Metre Mirror is Ready and within Specifications The REOSC polishing facility for giant mirrors was built in Saint Pierre du Perray, just south of Paris. It is equipped with two machines: one for grinding and the other for polishing the mirrors, and both with 150-actuator systems that support the thin and flexible mirrors. All equipment is computer controlled. State-of-the-art interferometers probe the accuracy of the mirror surface as the polishing proceeds; they are installed at the top level of the facility in a 30-metre high tower, at the centre of the mirror's radius of curvature. The success of the work at REOSC is now evident by the fact that careful measurements of the first mirror earlier this month have shown that the final optical surface is correct to within 0.00005 millimetres. For illustration, this corresponds to an accuracy of only 1 millimetre deviation over a surface with a diameter of 165 kilometres (equivalent to the entire Paris area)! ESO Receives the First VLT Mirror After having been carefully placed in a special transport box designed by REOSC, the first mirror blank, weighing 23.5 tons and with a replacement value of about 20 million DEM, was transported from Mainz to Saint Pierre du Perray in July 1993. The shaping and polishing phases lasted two years and were completed in October 1995. After one month's hard work, dedicated to optical and mechanical verifications by ESO and REOSC, the mirror's various characteristics have now been found to be in accordance with the contract specifications. Following the technical acceptance, the first mirror was re-installed in its transport container on November 13, 1995. It will thereafter be formally handed over to ESO during a ceremony at REOSC on Tuesday, November 21, 1995. The mirror will be stored at the REOSC facility until its future departure to ESO's VLT Observatory on Cerro Paranal, a 2650 m high summit in the Andean Cordillera in northern Chile. Here it will be installed in the first VLT unit telescope, soon after the assembly of the mechanical parts has been completed. Future Plans at REOSC The polishing of the second VLT mirror, as well as the grinding of the third mirror which was transported from Mainz to Saint Pierre du Perray at the beginning of October 1995, have already started. The transport of the fourth blank will take place in March 1996. With the construction, in a subsequent phase, of a workshop of more than 6000 square metres and mostly dedicated to space and astronomy, the SFIM group will have invested more than 50 million French Francs at the Saint Pierre du Perray site alone. The group is also involved in the contract related to the actuator support system; this is a clear indication of its determination to maintain its position within this scientific-technological market. In addition to the ESO VLT mirrors, REOSC will also polish the two 8.2-metre diameter mirrors of the Gemini programme of the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) in the United States. This important work was entrusted REOSC, following an international call for tenders, in which also US firms participated. How to obtain ESO Press Information ESO Press Information is made available on the World-Wide Web (URL: http://www.eso.org../). ESO Press Photos may be reproduced, if credit is given to the European Southern Observatory.

Quantification of Hydroxyl Radical reactivity in the urban environment using the Comparative Reactivity Method (CRM)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Panchal, Rikesh; Monks, Paul

2015-04-01

Hydroxyl (OH) radicals play an important role in 'cleansing' the atmosphere of many pollutants such as, NOx, CH4 and various VOCs, through oxidation. To measure the reactivity of OH, both the sinks and sources of OH need to be quantified, and currently the overall sinks of OH seem not to be fully constrained. In order to measure the total rate loss of OH in an ambient air sample, all OH reactive species must be considered and their concentrations and reaction rate coefficients with OH known. Using the method pioneered by Sinha and Williams at the Max Plank Institute Mainz, the Comparative Reactivity Method (CRM) which directly quantifies total OH reactivity in ambient air without the need to consider the concentrations of individual species within the sample that can react with OH, has been developed and applied in a urban setting. The CRM measures the concentration of a reactive species that is present only in low concentrations in ambient air, in this case pyrrole, flowing through a reaction vessel and detected using Proton Transfer Reaction - Mass Spectrometry (PTR-MS). The poster will show a newly developed and tested PTR-TOF-MS system for CRM. The correction regime will be detailed to account for the influence of the varying humidity between ambient air and clean air on the pyrrole signal. Further, examination of the sensitivity dependence of the PTR-MS as a function of relative humidity and H3O+(H2O) (m/z=37) cluster ion allows the correction for the humidity variation, between the clean humid air entering the reaction vessel and ambient air will be shown. NO, present within ambient air, is also a potential interference and can cause recycling of OH, resulting in an overestimation of OH reactivity. Tests have been conducted on the effects of varying NO concentrations on OH reactivity and a correction factor determined for application to data when sampling ambient air. Finally, field tests in the urban environment at the University of Leicester will be shown coupled to an examination of trends in OH reactivity and other air quality markers such NOx and black carbon.

Photoproduction of η mesons from the neutron: Cross sections and double polarization observable E

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Witthauer, L.; Dieterle, M.; Afzal, F.; Anisovich, A. V.; Bantes, B.; Bayadilov, D.; Beck, R.; Bichow, M.; Brinkmann, K.-T.; Böse, S.; Challand, Th.; Crede, V.; Dutz, H.; Eberhardt, H.; Elsner, D.; Ewald, R.; Fornet-Ponse, K.; Friedrich, St.; Frommberger, F.; Funke, Ch.; Goertz, St.; Gottschall, M.; Gridnev, A.; Grüner, M.; Gutz, E.; Hammann, D.; Hammann, Ch.; Hannappel, J.; Hartmann, J.; Hillert, W.; Hoffmeister, Ph.; Honisch, Ch.; Jude, T.; Kaiser, D.; Kalinowsky, H.; Kalischewski, F.; Kammer, S.; Käser, A.; Keshelashvili, I.; Klassen, P.; Kleber, V.; Klein, F.; Koop, K.; Krusche, B.; Lang, M.; Lopatin, I.; Mahlberg, Ph.; Makonyi, K.; Metag, V.; Meyer, W.; Müller, J.; Müllers, J.; Nanova, M.; Nikonov, V.; Piontek, D.; Reicherz, G.; Rostomyan, T.; Sarantsev, A.; Schmidt, Ch.; Schmieden, H.; Seifen, T.; Sokhoyan, V.; Spieker, K.; Thiel, A.; Thoma, U.; Urban, M.; van Pee, H.; Walford, N. K.; Walther, D.; Wendel, Ch.; Werthmüller, D.; Wilson, A.; Winnebeck, A.

2017-03-01

Results from measurements of the photoproduction of η mesons from quasifree protons and neutrons are summarized. The experiments were performed with the CBELSA/TAPS detector at the electron accelerator ELSA in Bonn using the η→ 3π0→ 6γ decay. A liquid deuterium target was used for the measurement of total cross sections and angular distributions. The results confirm earlier measurements from Bonn and the MAMI facility in Mainz about the existence of a narrow structure in the excitation function of γ n→ nη. The current angular distributions show a forward-backward asymmetry, which was previously not seen, but was predicted by model calculations including an additional narrow P_{11} state. Furthermore, data obtained with a longitudinally polarized, deuterated butanol target and a circularly polarized photon beam were analyzed to determine the double polarization observable E. Both data sets together were also used to extract the helicity-dependent cross sections σ_{1/2} and σ_{3/2}. The narrow structure in the excitation function of γ n→ nη appears associated with the helicity-1/2 component of the reaction.

The Berlin Inventory of Gambling behavior - Screening (BIG-S): Validation using a clinical sample.

PubMed

Wejbera, Martin; Müller, Kai W; Becker, Jan; Beutel, Manfred E

2017-05-18

Published diagnostic questionnaires for gambling disorder in German are either based on DSM-III criteria or focus on aspects other than life time prevalence. This study was designed to assess the usability of the DSM-IV criteria based Berlin Inventory of Gambling Behavior Screening tool in a clinical sample and adapt it to DSM-5 criteria. In a sample of 432 patients presenting for behavioral addiction assessment at the University Medical Center Mainz, we checked the screening tool's results against clinical diagnosis and compared a subsample of n=300 clinically diagnosed gambling disorder patients with a comparison group of n=132. The BIG-S produced a sensitivity of 99.7% and a specificity of 96.2%. The instrument's unidimensionality and the diagnostic improvements of DSM-5 criteria were verified by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis as well as receiver operating characteristic analysis. The BIG-S is a reliable and valid screening tool for gambling disorder and demonstrated its concise and comprehensible operationalization of current DSM-5 criteria in a clinical setting.

Occurrence of carotenoids and sporopollenin in Nanochlorum eucaryotum, a novel marine alga with unusual characteristics.

PubMed

Geisert, M; Rose, T; Bauer, W; Zahn, R K

1987-01-01

Pigment analysis of Nanochlorum eucaryotum on two strains grown under different gaseous conditions was performed. Air-gassed control cultures did not differ qualitatively with respect to the content of chlorophylls a and b, carotenes alpha and beta, lutein, violaxanthin, neoxanthin and cryptoxanthin in comparison with cultures grown under natural gas. The absolute pigment content per cell increased in cultures grown with natural gas. Growth of N. eucaryotum depends on CO2 which is present in concentrations up to 2.0 vol% in natural gas. N. eucaryotum cannot utilize methane and is therefore not methylotrophic. In cultures of N. eucaryotum grown with natural gas and in air-gassed cultures under nitrogen deficient conditions the secondary carotenoids canthaxanthin and astaxanthin could be detected. In air-gassed cultures of strain N. eucaryotum Colona the same secondary carotenoids have been found, while secondary carotenoids were never found in strain N. eucaryotum Mainz. Cell walls of N. eucaryotum always contain sporopollenin as confirmed by isolation, elemental analysis, infrared absorption spectrophotometry, acetolysis-resistance and electron microscopy.

[Hildegards von Bingen 'Liber simplicis medicinae' in the Mainz 'Garden of Health'].

PubMed

Riethe, Peter

2005-01-01

The "Garden of Health" (Gart der Gesundheit) is the first illustrated book of herbs in German language. Its author, Johann Wonnecke from Kaub on the Rhine, was born in 1430 and worked as a city doctor in Frankfurt/Main until his death in 1503 or 1504. In his book, he refers to "proven Greek, Latin and Arabic masters of medicine" (bewerte meister in der artzeney), whose writings he was instructed to collect by Bernard von Breidenbach in 1480. Wonnecke carried out he task in a special way, deceiving five generations of historians of science, who proceeded from the false assumption, that the Gart der Gesundheit was compiled and translated from Latin sources. Wonnecke established the desired authors skilfully in his report, but under a more detailed investigation they reveal themselves as not taken from Latin sources but copied off from native language scriptures, e.g. Alterer deutscher Macer and Buch der Natur by Konrad von Megenberg. To these hitherto known sources used by him now the Speyrer Kräuterbuch is added, which supplied the medical knowledge of Hildegard von Bingen to the "Gart".

In-gas-cell laser ionization studies of plutonium isotopes at IGISOL

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pohjalainen, I.; Moore, I. D.; Kron, T.; Raeder, S.; Sonnenschein, V.; Tomita, H.; Trautmann, N.; Voss, A.; Wendt, K.

2016-06-01

In-gas-cell resonance laser ionization has been performed on long-lived isotopes of Pu at the IGISOL facility, Jyväskylä. This initiates a new programme of research towards high-resolution optical spectroscopy of heavy actinide elements which can be produced in sufficient quantities at research reactors and transported to facilities elsewhere. In this work a new gas cell has been constructed for fast extraction of laser-ionized elements. Samples of 238-240,242Pu and 244Pu have been evaporated from Ta filaments, laser ionized, mass separated and delivered to the collinear laser spectroscopy station. Here we report on the performance of the gas cell through studies of the mass spectra obtained in helium and argon, before and after the radiofrequency quadrupole cooler-buncher. This provides valuable insight into the gas phase chemistry exhibited by Pu, which has been additionally supported by measurements of ion time profiles. The resulting monoatomic yields are sufficient for collinear laser spectroscopy. A gamma-ray spectroscopic analysis of the Pu samples shows a good agreement with the assay provided by the Mainz Nuclear Chemistry department.

Republication of: Contributions to the theory of gravitational radiation fields. Exact solutions of the field equations of the general theory of relativity V

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kundt, Wolfgang; Trümper, Manfred

2016-04-01

This is an English translation of a paper by Wolfgang Kundt and Manfred Trümper, first published in 1962 in the proceedings of the Academy of Sciences and Literature in Mainz (Germany). The original paper was the last of a five-part series of articles containing the first summary of knowledge about exact solutions of Einstein's equations found until then. (All the other parts of the series have already been re-published as Golden Oldies.) This fifth contribution summarizes key points of the earlier papers and applies them, in particular results from papers II and IV in the series, in the context of the propagation of gravitational radiation when matter is present. The paper has been selected by the Editors of General Relativity and Gravitation for re-publication in the Golden Oldies series of the journal. This republication is accompanied by an editorial note written by Malcolm A.H. MacCallum and by a brief autobiography of Manfred Trümper.

Study of η and η ' Photoproduction at MAMI

DOE PAGES

Kashevarov, V. L.; Ott, P.; Prakhov, S.; ...

2017-05-26

The reactions γp → ηp and γp → η'p are measured from their thresholds up to the center-of-mass energy W = 1.96 GeV with the tagged-photon facilities at the Mainz Microtron, MAMI. Differential cross sections are obtained with unprecedented statistical accuracy, providing fine energy binning and full production-angle coverage. A strong cusp is observed in the total cross section for η photoproduction at the energies in the vicinity of the η' threshold, W = 1896 MeV (Eγ =1447 MeV). Within the framework of a revised η MAID isobar model, the cusp, in connection with a steep rise of the η'more » total cross section from its threshold, can only be explained by a strong coupling of the poorly known N(1895)1/2-state to both ηp and η'p. Including the new high-accuracy results in the η MAID fit to available η and η0 photoproduction data allows the determination of the Nð1895Þ1=2 - properties.« less

IAVCEI meets at IUGG

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Heiken, Grant

Although distant from erupting volcanos, the Vienna meeting of the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior attracted about 100 volcanologists with promise of technical exchange, music, and good food. In all fairness, turnout was small due to the highly successful IAVCEI meetings held in the last 2 years at Santa Fe, N.Mex., and Mainz, Germany, and the excellent meeting held the following week in Naples, Italy, in honor of the 150th anniversary of the Vesuvius Observatory. IAVCEI met during the 20th General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics held in August. For IAVCEI, the most important discussions held during the Vienna meeting concerned the association's future with the IUGG. Over the last 10 years, there has been great excitement and a burgeoning attendance at IAVCEI meetings but poor attendance at IUGG general assemblies. Many volcanologists perceive IUGG as an indifferent bureaucracy with little concern for IAVCEI. On this basis, members of IAVCEI proposed that their association become independent. However, the decision has been made to stay with IUGG because of the potential for interdisciplinary meetings with other associations.

Recoil Polarization and Beam-Recoil Double Polarization Measurement of {eta} Electroproduction on the Proton in the Region of the S{sub 11}(1535) Resonance

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Merkel, H.; Achenbach, P.; Ayerbe Gayoso, C.

2007-09-28

The beam-recoil double polarization P{sub x{sup '}}{sup h} and P{sub z{sup '}}{sup h} and the recoil polarization P{sub y{sup '}} were measured for the first time for the p(e-vector,e{sup '}p-vector){eta} reaction at a four-momentum transfer of Q{sup 2}=0.1 GeV{sup 2}/c{sup 2} and a center of mass production angle of {theta}=120 deg. at the Mainz Microtron MAMI-C. With a center of mass energy range of 1500 MeV

ESO Council Visits First VLT Unit Telescope Structure in Milan

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

1995-12-01

As the ESO Very Large Telescope (VLT) rapidly takes on shape, Europe has just come one step closer to the realisation of its 556 million DEM astronomical showcase project. Last week, the ESO Council held its semi-annual meeting in Milan (Italy) [1]. During a break in the long agenda list, Council members had the opportunity to visit the Ansaldo factory in the outskirts of this city and to see for the first time the assembled mechanical structure of one of the four 8.2-metre VLT Unit telescopes. This Press Release is accompanied by a photo that shows the ESO Council delegates in front of the giant telescope. After a long climb up the steep staircase to the large Nasmyth platform at the side of the telescope where the astronomical instruments will later be placed, Dr. Peter Creola (Switzerland) , President of the ESO Council and a mechanics expert, grabbed the handrail and surveyed the structure with a professional eye: `I knew it was going to be big, but not that enormous!', he said. Other delegates experienced similar feelings, especially when they watched the 430 tonnes of steel in the 24-metre tall and squat structure turn smoothly and silently around the vertical axis. The Chairman of the ESO Scientific Technical Committee (STC), Dr. Johannes Andersen (Denmark) , summarized his first, close encounter with the VLT by `This is great fun!' and several of his colleague astronomers were soon seen in various corners of the vast structure, engaged in elated discussions about the first scientific investigations to be done with the VLT in two years' time. The VLT Main Structures The visit by Council took place at the invitation of Ansaldo Energia S.p.A. (Genova), EIE-European Industrial Engineering S.r.I. (Venice) and SOIMI-Societa Impianti Industriale S.p.A. (Milan), the three Italian enterprises responsible for the construction of the main structures of the VLT 8.2-metre Unit telescopes. Short speeches were given on this occasion by Drs. Ferruccio Bressani (Ansaldo), Luigi Guiffrida (SOIMI), Gianpietro Marchiori (EIE) and Prof. Massimo Tarenghi (ESO), describing the very successful implementation of this major VLT contract that was awarded by ESO in September 1991 [2]. All speakers praised the good collaboration between ESO and its industrial partners and Prof. Riccardo Giacconi , Director General of ESO, expressed his satisfaction `with the splendid performance of the ESO-Industry team which was bringing us close to the realisation of the premier telescope array in optical ground-based astronomy in the world'. The participants were also pleased to listen to several of the Italian engineers present who commented on the very positive experience of being personally involved in the world's largest telescope project. The VLT telescope structures incorporate many new technological concepts. Thanks to these and careful planning of the many components and their integration, it has been possible to achieve, among others, light weight construction, high mechanical stiffness, good thermal equilibrium with the ambient air (of importance for the seeing during the observations), low electromagnetic emissitivity (i.e. low interference with the sensitive astronomical instruments) and easy maintainability. Of particular interest is also the giant, direct drive system with a diameter of 9 metres and the sophisticated, innovative laser encoder system. In this way, there is no direct contact between the moving parts and the friction during the rotation is kept at an absolute minimum. The Next Steps The ESO VLT project is now entering into a decisive phase and the next years will see an increasing number of telescope parts and instruments from the scientific and industrial laboratories of Europe converging towards the VLT observatory at Cerro Paranal in Chile. It is gratifying that, despite its high degree of complexity and incorporation of a substantial number of new technologies, the project is within schedule and budget. There will be several important milestones in 1996. During the next two months, the mounting of the mechanical structure in Milan will be completed. Following this, a group of ESO hard- and software experts will spend about 6 months next to it, implementing and thoroughly testing all aspects of the very advanced VLT telescope control system. In the meantime, the erection of the first telescope enclosure at Paranal is rapidly proceeding and the outside panelling will soon be put in place. This work will be completed in January 1996, after which the integration of all inside mechanical components will follow. The take-over by ESO of the fully operational, first enclosure is scheduled for May 1996. The other enclosures will become ready at regular intervals thereafter. In Milan, all of the heavy parts of the second telescope structure have already been produced and the third and fourth are about 60 percent complete. While the first structure has now been pre-assembled for tests, the individual parts of the second will not be put together before they are shipped to Paranal in early 1996. Starting in June 1996, they will then be assembled inside the completed, first enclosure. Thus, the `second' structure will become the `first' VLT Unit telescope (UT1). This work will last until early 1997, after which the first 8.2-metre mirror will arrive from Europe and be installed. Finally, after another test and optimisation period, `first light' for UT1 is expected in late 1997. This procedure is very advantageous, because it allows to continue under less time pressure the extensive tests on the `first' structure in Milan until a satisfactory state of debugging and optimisation of the new VLT control system has been reached. In this way, the time necessary for the installation of this system in UT1 at Paranal in 1997 will be significantly shortened. In fact, the structure seen by the ESO Council in Milan will be the last to be shipped to Paranal where it will then become the fourth 8.2-metre Unit telescope (UT4). Mirrors and Instruments As earlier announced, ESO officially received the first 8.2-metre VLT mirror from REOSC in Paris [3] on November 21. The polishing of the second mirror has already started and, based on the experience gained with the first, it is expected that this work will be accomplished in less time. The third blank is already at REOSC and the fourth will soon be ready at Schott Glaswerke in Mainz (Germany). Following extended studies, and as yet another move towards new technology within the VLT project, it has now been decided to make the 1.2-metre secondary VLT mirrors of beryllium, a very light, exotic metal. The contracting firm is Dornier of the DASA group (Germany). This saves much weight and allows these relatively large mirrors to be efficiently used in the `chopping and tilting' mode needed for observations in the infrared wavelength region as well as for the critical, image-sharpening adaptive optics system. Significant progress has also been achieved on the first astronomical instruments which will be installed at the VLT. The integration of the first two of these, ISAAC and CONICA which will be installed on UT1 in the course of 1997, has already started in the ESO laboratories at the Headquarters in Garching. Important advances have also taken place within the FORS (managed by a consortium of Landessternwarte Heidelberg, Universitaets-Sternwarte Goettingen and Institut fuer Astronomie und Astrophysik der Ludwig Maximilians Universitaet Muenchen) and FUEGOS (Paris Observatory, Meudon Observatory, Toulouse Observatory, Geneva Observatory and Bologna Observatory) projects. More details about these and other VLT instruments will be given in later communications. Notes: [1] The Council of ESO consists of two representatives from each of the eight member states. It is the highest legislative authority of the organisation and normally meets twice a year. This time, Council was invited to Milan by the Director of the Osservatorio di Brera (Milan), Prof. Guido Chincarini, and the Italian delegation. [2] See ESO Press Release 08/91 of 24 September 1991. [3] See ESO Press Release 15/95 of 13 November 1995. How to obtain ESO Press Information ESO Press Information is made available on the World-Wide Web (URL: http://www.eso.org../). ESO Press Photos may be reproduced, if credit is given to the European Southern Observatory.

Insight into the Narrow Structure in η Photoproduction on the Neutron from Helicity-Dependent Cross Sections.

PubMed

Witthauer, L; Dieterle, M; Abt, S; Achenbach, P; Afzal, F; Ahmed, Z; Annand, J R M; Arends, H J; Bashkanov, M; Beck, R; Biroth, M; Borisov, N S; Braghieri, A; Briscoe, W J; Cividini, F; Costanza, S; Collicott, C; Denig, A; Downie, E J; Drexler, P; Ferretti-Bondy, M I; Gardner, S; Garni, S; Glazier, D I; Glowa, D; Gradl, W; Günther, M; Gurevich, G M; Hamilton, D; Hornidge, D; Huber, G M; Käser, A; Kashevarov, V L; Kay, S; Keshelashvili, I; Kondratiev, R; Korolija, M; Krusche, B; Lazarev, A B; Linturi, J M; Lisin, V; Livingston, K; Lutterer, S; MacGregor, I J D; Mancell, J; Manley, D M; Martel, P P; Metag, V; Meyer, W; Miskimen, R; Mornacchi, E; Mushkarenkov, A; Neganov, A B; Neiser, A; Oberle, M; Ostrick, M; Otte, P B; Paudyal, D; Pedroni, P; Polonski, A; Prakhov, S N; Rajabi, A; Reicherz, G; Ron, G; Rostomyan, T; Sarty, A; Sfienti, C; Sikora, M H; Sokhoyan, V; Spieker, K; Steffen, O; Strakovski, I I; Strub, Th; Supek, I; Thiel, A; Thiel, M; Thomas, A; Unverzagt, M; Usov, Yu A; Wagner, S; Walford, N K; Watts, D P; Werthmüller, D; Wettig, J; Wolfes, M; Zana, L

2016-09-23

The double polarization observable E and the helicity dependent cross sections σ_{1/2} and σ_{3/2} were measured for η photoproduction from quasifree protons and neutrons. The circularly polarized tagged photon beam of the A2 experiment at the Mainz MAMI accelerator was used in combination with a longitudinally polarized deuterated butanol target. The almost 4π detector setup of the Crystal Ball and TAPS is ideally suited to detect the recoil nucleons and the decay photons from η→2γ and η→3π^{0}. The results show that the narrow structure previously observed in η photoproduction from the neutron is only apparent in σ_{1/2} and hence, most likely related to a spin-1/2 amplitude. Nucleon resonances that contribute to this partial wave in η production are only N 1/2^{-} (S_{11}) and N 1/2^{+} (P_{11}). Furthermore, the extracted Legendre coefficients of the angular distributions for σ_{1/2} are in good agreement with recent reaction model predictions assuming a narrow resonance in the P_{11} wave as the origin of this structure.

Plaque levels of patients with fixed orthodontic appliances measured by digital plaque image analysis.

PubMed

Klukowska, Malgorzata; Bader, Annike; Erbe, Christina; Bellamy, Philip; White, Donald J; Anastasia, Mary Kay; Wehrbein, Heiner

2011-05-01

A digital plaque image analysis system was developed to objectively assess dental plaque formation and coverage in patients treated with fixed orthodontic appliances. The technique was used to assess plaque levels of 52 patients undergoing treatment with fixed appliances in the Department of Orthodontics at Johannes Gutenberg University in Mainz, Germany. Plaque levels ranged from 5.1% to 85.3% of the analyzed tooth areas. About 37% of the patients had plaque levels over 50% of the dentition, but only 10% exhibited plaque levels below 15% of tooth coverage. The mean plaque coverage was 41.9% ± 18.8%. Plaque was mostly present along the gum line and around the orthodontic brackets and wires. The digital plaque image analysis system might provide a convenient quantitative technique to assess oral hygiene in orthodontic patients with multi-bracket appliances. Plaque coverage in orthodontic patients is extremely high and is 2 to 3 times higher than levels observed in high plaque-forming adults without appliances participating in clinical studies of the digital plaque image analysis system. Improved hygiene, chemotherapeutic regimens, and compliance are necessary in these patients. Copyright © 2011 American Association of Orthodontists. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

High precision measurement of the proton charge radius: The PRad experiment

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Meziane, Mehdi

2013-11-01

The recent high precision measurements of the proton charge radius performed at PSI from muonic hydrogen Lamb shift puzzled the hadronic physics community. A value of 0.8418 {+-} 0.0007 fm was extracted which is 7{sigma} smaller than the previous determinations obtained from electron-proton scattering experiments and based on precision spectroscopy of electronic hydrogen. An additional extraction of the proton charge radius from electron scattering at Mainz is also in good agreement with these "electronic" determinations. An independent measurement of the proton charge radius from unpolarized elastic ep scattering using a magnetic spectrometer free method was proposed and fully approved atmore » Jefferson Laboratory in June 2012. This novel technique uses the high precision calorimeter HyCal and a windowless hydrogen gas target which makes possible the extraction of the charge radius at very forward angles and thus very low momentum transfer Q{sup 2} up to 10{sup -4} (GeV/c){sup 2} with an unprecedented sub-percent precision for this type of experiment. In this paper, after a review of the recent progress on the proton charge radius extraction and the new high precision experiment PRad will be presented.« less

Insight into the Narrow Structure in η Photoproduction on the Neutron from Helicity-Dependent Cross Sections

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Witthauer, L.; Dieterle, M.; Abt, S.

2016-09-22

Here, the double polarization observable E and the helicity dependent cross sections σ 1/2 and σ 3/2 were measured for η photoproduction from quasifree protons and neutrons. The circularly polarized tagged photon beam of the A2 experiment at the Mainz MAMI accelerator was used in combination with a longitudinally polarized deuterated butanol target. The almost 4π detector setup of the Crystal Ball and TAPS is ideally suited to detect the recoil nucleons and the decay photons from η→2γ and η→3π 0. The results show that the narrow structure previously observed in η photoproduction from the neutron is only apparent inmore » σ 1/2 and hence, most likely related to a spin-1/2 amplitude. Nucleon resonances that contribute to this partial wave in η production are only N1/2 – (S11) and N1/2 + (P 11). Furthermore, the extracted Legendre coefficients of the angular distributions for σ1/2 are in good agreement with recent reaction model predictions assuming a narrow resonance in the P 11 wave as the origin of this structure.« less

Plans for an ERL Test Facility at CERN

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jensen, Erik; Bruning, O S; Calaga, Buchi Rama Rao

2014-12-01

The baseline electron accelerator for LHeC and one option for FCC-he is an Energy Recovery Linac. To prepare and study the necessary key technologies, CERNhas started – in collaboration with JLAB and Mainz University – the conceptual design of an ERL Test Facility (ERL-TF). Staged construction will allow the study under different conditions with up to 3 passes, beam energies of up to about 1 GeV and currents of up to 50 mA. The design and development of superconducting cavity modules, including coupler and HOM damper designs, are also of central importance for other existing and future accelerators and theirmore » tests are at the heart of the current ERL-TF goals. However, the ERL-TF could also provide a unique infrastructure for several applications that go beyond developing and testing the ERL technology at CERN. In addition to experimental studies of beam dynamics, operational and reliability issues in an ERL, it could equally serve for quench tests of superconducting magnets, as physics experimental facility on its own right or as test stand for detector developments. This contribution will describe the goals and the concept of the facility and the status of the R&D.« less

Cost-optimized methods extending the solution space of lightweight spaceborne monolithic ZERODUR® mirrors to larger sizes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Leys, Antoine; Hull, Tony; Westerhoff, Thomas

2015-09-01

We address the problem that larger spaceborne mirrors require greater sectional thickness to achieve a sufficient first eigen frequency that is resilient to launch loads, and to be stable during optical telescope assembly integration and test, this added thickness results in unacceptable added mass if we simply scale up solutions for smaller mirrors. Special features, like cathedral ribs, arch, chamfers, and back-side following the contour of the mirror face have been considered for these studies. For computational efficiency, we have conducted detailed analysis on various configurations of a 800 mm hexagonal segment and of a 1.2-m mirror, in a manner that they can be constrained by manufacturing parameters as would be a 4-m mirror. Furthermore each model considered also has been constrained by cost-effective machining practice as defined in the SCHOTT Mainz factory. Analysis on variants of this 1.2-m mirror has shown a favorable configuration. We have then scaled this optimal configuration to 4-m aperture. We discuss resulting parameters of costoptimized 4-m mirrors. We also discuss the advantages and disadvantages this analysis reveals of going to cathedral rib architecture on 1-m class mirror substrates.

Frontend electronics for high-precision single photo-electron timing using FPGA-TDCs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cardinali, M.; Dzyhgadlo, R.; Gerhardt, A.; Götzen, K.; Hohler, R.; Kalicy, G.; Kumawat, H.; Lehmann, D.; Lewandowski, B.; Patsyuk, M.; Peters, K.; Schepers, G.; Schmitt, L.; Schwarz, C.; Schwiening, J.; Traxler, M.; Ugur, C.; Zühlsdorf, M.; Dodokhov, V. Kh.; Britting, A.; Eyrich, W.; Lehmann, A.; Uhlig, F.; Düren, M.; Föhl, K.; Hayrapetyan, A.; Kröck, B.; Merle, O.; Rieke, J.; Cowie, E.; Keri, T.; Montgomery, R.; Rosner, G.; Achenbach, P.; Corell, O.; Ferretti Bondy, M. I.; Hoek, M.; Lauth, W.; Rosner, C.; Sfienti, C.; Thiel, M.; Bühler, P.; Gruber, L.; Marton, J.; Suzuki, K.

2014-12-01

The next generation of high-luminosity experiments requires excellent particle identification detectors which calls for Imaging Cherenkov counters with fast electronics to cope with the expected hit rates. A Barrel DIRC will be used in the central region of the Target Spectrometer of the planned PANDA experiment at FAIR. A single photo-electron timing resolution of better than 100 ps is required by the Barrel DIRC to disentangle the complicated patterns created on the image plane. R&D studies have been performed to provide a design based on the TRB3 readout using FPGA-TDCs with a precision better than 20 ps RMS and custom frontend electronics with high-bandwidth pre-amplifiers and fast discriminators. The discriminators also provide time-over-threshold information thus enabling walk corrections to improve the timing resolution. Two types of frontend electronics cards optimised for reading out 64-channel PHOTONIS Planacon MCP-PMTs were tested: one based on the NINO ASIC and the other, called PADIWA, on FPGA discriminators. Promising results were obtained in a full characterisation using a fast laser setup and in a test experiment at MAMI, Mainz, with a small scale DIRC prototype.

The MOLLER Experiment: ``An Ultra-precise Measurement of the Weak Charge of the Electron using moller Scattering''

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Beminiwattha, Rakitha; Moller Collaboration

2017-09-01

Parity Violating Electron Scattering (PVES) is an extremely successful precision frontier tool that has been used for testing the Standard Model (SM) and understanding nucleon structure. Several generations of highly successful PVES programs at SLAC, MIT-Bates, MAMI-Mainz, and Jefferson Lab have contributed to the understanding of nucleon structure and testing the SM. But missing phenomena like matter-antimatter asymmetry, neutrino flavor oscillations, and dark matter and energy suggest that the SM is only a `low energy' effective theory. The MOLLER experiment at Jefferson Lab will measure the weak charge of the electron, QWe = 1 - 4sin2θW , with a precision of 2.4 % by measuring the parity violating asymmetry in electron-electron () scattering and will be sensitive to subtle but measurable deviations from precisely calculable predictions from the SM. The MOLLER experiment will provide the best contact interaction search for leptons at low OR high energy makes it a probe of physics beyond the Standard Model with sensitivities to mass-scales of new PV physics up to 7.5 TeV. Overview of the experiment and recent pre-R&D progress will be reported.

Polarization Transfer in the Reaction 4He($$\\vec{v}$$,e'$$\\vec{p}$$) 3H in the Quasielastic Scattering Region

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dieterich, Sonja

2002-05-01

There has been a longstanding issue concerning possible nucleon modifications in a (dense) nuclear medium. Polarization transfer data for exclusive quasielastic electron scattering are a sensitive to the ratio of the electric and magnetic nucleon form factors in the medium. Although proper interpretation of the results requires accounting for such effects as final state interactions and meson exchange currents, their effect on polarization transfer is predicted to be small. Studies of model dependencies, e.g., the off-shell current operator and spinor distortions, have been done. Final results of a measurement of polarization transfer in the 4He(more » $$\\vec{v}$$,e'$$\\vec{p}$$) 3H reaction will be discussed. The experiments were carried out at MAMI, Mainz at a Q 2 of 0.4 GeV 2 and at the Thomas Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia at the Q 2 values 0.5, 1.0, 1.6 and 2.6 GeV 2. Measured values of the transferred and induced polarization are compared with various theoretical calculations. The experiment showed a difference between the fully relativistic model with may indicate medium modifications of the form factor.« less

Dynamic registration of an optical see-through HMD into a wide field-of-view rotorcraft flight simulation environment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Viertler, Franz; Hajek, Manfred

2015-05-01

To overcome the challenge of helicopter flight in degraded visual environments, current research considers headmounted displays with 3D-conformal (scene-linked) visual cues as most promising display technology. For pilot-in-theloop simulations with HMDs, a highly accurate registration of the augmented visual system is required. In rotorcraft flight simulators the outside visual cues are usually provided by a dome projection system, since a wide field-of-view (e.g. horizontally > 200° and vertically > 80°) is required, which can hardly be achieved with collimated viewing systems. But optical see-through HMDs do mostly not have an equivalent focus compared to the distance of the pilot's eye-point position to the curved screen, which is also dependant on head motion. Hence, a dynamic vergence correction has been implemented to avoid binocular disparity. In addition, the parallax error induced by even small translational head motions is corrected with a head-tracking system to be adjusted onto the projected screen. For this purpose, two options are presented. The correction can be achieved by rendering the view with yaw and pitch offset angles dependent on the deviating head position from the design eye-point of the spherical projection system. Furthermore, it can be solved by implementing a dynamic eye-point in the multi-channel projection system for the outside visual cues. Both options have been investigated for the integration of a binocular HMD into the Rotorcraft Simulation Environment (ROSIE) at the Technische Universitaet Muenchen. Pros and cons of both possibilities with regard on integration issues and usability in flight simulations will be discussed.

The Forward Endcap of the Electromagnetic Calorimeter for the PANDA Detector at FAIR

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Albrecht, Malte; PANDA Collaboration

2015-02-01

The versatile 4π-detector PANDA will be built at the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR), an accelerator complex, currently under construction near Darmstadt, Germany. A cooled antiproton beam in a momentum range of 1.5 - 15GeV/c will be provided by the High Energy Storage Ring (HESR). All measurements at PANDA rely on an excellent performance of the detector with respect to tracking, particle identification and energy measurement. The electromagnetic calorimeter (EMC) of the PANDA detector will be equipped with 15744 PbWO4 crystals (PWO-II), which will be operated at a temperature of - 25° C in order to increase the light output. The design of the forward endcap of the EMC has been finalized. The crystals will be read out with Large Area Avalanche Photo Diodes (LAAPDs) in the outer regions and with Vacuum Photo Tetrodes (VPTTs) in the innermost part. Production of photosensor units utilizing charge integrating preamplifiers has begun. A prototype comprised of 216 PbWO4 crystals has been built and tested at various accelerators (CERN SPS, ELSA/Bonn, MAMI/Mainz), where the crystals have been exposed to electron and photon beams of 25MeV up to 15GeV. The results of these test measurements regarding the energy and position resolution are presented.

Study of light backgrounds from relativistic electrons in air light-guides

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Riordan, S.; Zhao, Y. X.; Baunack, S.; Becker, D.; Clarke, C.; Dehmelt, K.; Deshpande, A.; Gericke, M.; Gläser, B.; Imai, K.; Kutz, T.; Maas, F. E.; McNulty, D.; Pan, J.; Park, S.; Rahman, S.; Souder, P. A.; Wang, P.; Wellman, B.; Kumar, K. S.

2018-07-01

The MOLLER experiment proposed at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility plans a precision low energy determination of the weak mixing angle via the measurement of the parity-violating asymmetry in the scattering of high energy longitudinally polarized electrons from electrons bound in a liquid hydrogen target (Møller scattering). A relative measure of the scattering rate is planned to be obtained by intercepting the Møller scattered electrons with a circular array of thin fused silica tiles attached to air light guides, which facilitate the transport of Cherenkov photons generated within the tiles to photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). The scattered flux will also pass through the light guides of downstream tiles, generating additional Cherenkov as well as scintillation light and is a potential background. In order to estimate the rate of these backgrounds, a gas-filled tube detector was designed and deployed in an electron beam at the MAMI facility at Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany. Described in this paper is the design of a detector to measure separately the scintillation and Cherenkov responses of gas mixtures from relativistic electrons, the results of studies of several gas mixtures with comparisons to simulations, and conclusions about the implications for the design of the MOLLER detector apparatus.

Global tropospheric hydroxyl distribution, budget and reactivity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lelieveld, Jos; Gromov, Sergey; Pozzer, Andrea; Taraborrelli, Domenico

2016-10-01

The self-cleaning or oxidation capacity of the atmosphere is principally controlled by hydroxyl (OH) radicals in the troposphere. Hydroxyl has primary (P) and secondary (S) sources, the former mainly through the photodissociation of ozone, the latter through OH recycling in radical reaction chains. We used the recent Mainz Organics Mechanism (MOM) to advance volatile organic carbon (VOC) chemistry in the general circulation model EMAC (ECHAM/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry) and show that S is larger than previously assumed. By including emissions of a large number of primary VOC, and accounting for their complete breakdown and intermediate products, MOM is mass-conserving and calculates substantially higher OH reactivity from VOC oxidation compared to predecessor models. Whereas previously P and S were found to be of similar magnitude, the present work indicates that S may be twice as large, mostly due to OH recycling in the free troposphere. Further, we find that nighttime OH formation may be significant in the polluted subtropical boundary layer in summer. With a mean OH recycling probability of about 67 %, global OH is buffered and not sensitive to perturbations by natural or anthropogenic emission changes. Complementary primary and secondary OH formation mechanisms in pristine and polluted environments in the continental and marine troposphere, connected through long-range transport of O3, can maintain stable global OH levels.

["Dieu et cerveau, rien que Dieu et cerveau!" Johann Gottfried von Herder (1744-1803) and the neurosciences of this time].

PubMed

Stahnisch, Frank

2007-01-01

The impact of Johann Gottfried von Herder on the broad spectrum of the history of ideas can hardly be estimated by separate categories derived from individual disciplines. It transcends the spheres of philosophy, theology, historiography and even medical anthropology--also because Herder, unlike many of his contemporary philosophers and hommes de lettres, was particularly interested in the neurophysiological and -anatomical investigations of his time. Herder's universal interest in human learning is reflected in numerous personal contacts to contemporary academic scholars and natural scientists, such as the Swiss theologian Johann Caspar Lavater, whose physiognomic doctrine mapped out a comprehensive research programme on character analysis, or the Mainz anatomist Samuel Thomas von Soemmering. Herder tightly received the latter's assumption about the interplay between the human soul and the anatomy of the brain. In this article, it shall be demonstrated that Herder's neurophilosophy was primarily influenced by a "pandynamic assumption of nature" and that it designated the brain centrally as a "working tool of God"--right between the human faculties of rationality, feeling and bodily development. The attractiveness of this concept to both basic brain research and clinical neurology was a result of his anthropological approach which combined latest developments in the natural sciences with a central perspective on the human sciences.

Ranking of tree-ring based temperature reconstructions of the past millennium

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Esper, Jan; Krusic, Paul J.; Ljungqvist, Fredrik C.; Luterbacher, Jürg; Carrer, Marco; Cook, Ed; Davi, Nicole K.; Hartl-Meier, Claudia; Kirdyanov, Alexander; Konter, Oliver; Myglan, Vladimir; Timonen, Mauri; Treydte, Kerstin; Trouet, Valerie; Villalba, Ricardo; Yang, Bao; Büntgen, Ulf

2016-08-01

Tree-ring chronologies are widely used to reconstruct high-to low-frequency variations in growing season temperatures over centuries to millennia. The relevance of these timeseries in large-scale climate reconstructions is often determined by the strength of their correlation against instrumental temperature data. However, this single criterion ignores several important quantitative and qualitative characteristics of tree-ring chronologies. Those characteristics are (i) data homogeneity, (ii) sample replication, (iii) growth coherence, (iv) chronology development, and (v) climate signal including the correlation with instrumental data. Based on these 5 characteristics, a reconstruction-scoring scheme is proposed and applied to 39 published, millennial-length temperature reconstructions from Asia, Europe, North America, and the Southern Hemisphere. Results reveal no reconstruction scores highest in every category and each has their own strengths and weaknesses. Reconstructions that perform better overall include N-Scan and Finland from Europe, E-Canada from North America, Yamal and Dzhelo from Asia. Reconstructions performing less well include W-Himalaya and Karakorum from Asia, Tatra and S-Finland from Europe, and Great Basin from North America. By providing a comprehensive set of criteria to evaluate tree-ring chronologies we hope to improve the development of large-scale temperature reconstructions spanning the past millennium. All reconstructions and their corresponding scores are provided at http://www.blogs.uni-mainz.de/fb09climatology.

Testing of Photomultiplier Tubes in a Magnetic Field

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Waldron, Zachary; A1 Collaboration

2016-09-01

The A1 collaboration at MAMI in Mainz, Germany has designed a neutron detector that can be used in experiments to measure the electric form factor of the neutron. They will measure elastic scattering from the neutron, using the polarized electron beam from MAMI at A1's experimental hall. The detector will be composed of two walls of staggered scintillator bars which will be read out by photomultiplier tubes (PMT), connected to both ends of each scintillator via light guides. The experiment requires a magnetic field with strength of 1 Tesla, 2m away from the first scintillator wall. The resulting fringe field is sufficient to disrupt the PMTs, despite the addition of Mu Metal shielding. The effects of the fringe field on these PMTs was tested to optimize the amplification of the PMTs. A Helmholtz Coil was designed to generate a controlled magnetic field with equivalent strength to the field that the PMTs will encounter. The PMTs were read out using a multi-channel analyzer, were tested at various angles relative to the magnetic field in order to determine the optimal orientation to minimize signal disruption. Tests were also performed to determine: the neutron detector response to cosmic radiation; and the best method for measuring a magnetic field's strength in two dimensions. National Science Foundation Grant No. IIA-1358175.

Absolute neutrino mass measurements

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wolf, Joachim

2011-10-06

The neutrino mass plays an important role in particle physics, astrophysics and cosmology. In recent years the detection of neutrino flavour oscillations proved that neutrinos carry mass. However, oscillation experiments are only sensitive to the mass-squared difference of the mass eigenvalues. In contrast to cosmological observations and neutrino-less double beta decay (0v2{beta}) searches, single {beta}-decay experiments provide a direct, model-independent way to determine the absolute neutrino mass by measuring the energy spectrum of decay electrons at the endpoint region with high accuracy.Currently the best kinematic upper limits on the neutrino mass of 2.2eV have been set by two experiments inmore » Mainz and Troitsk, using tritium as beta emitter. The next generation tritium {beta}-experiment KATRIN is currently under construction in Karlsruhe/Germany by an international collaboration. KATRIN intends to improve the sensitivity by one order of magnitude to 0.2eV. The investigation of a second isotope ({sup 137}Rh) is being pursued by the international MARE collaboration using micro-calorimeters to measure the beta spectrum. The technology needed to reach 0.2eV sensitivity is still in the R and D phase. This paper reviews the present status of neutrino-mass measurements with cosmological data, 0v2{beta} decay and single {beta}-decay.« less

[Test set for the evaluation of hearing and speech development after cochlear implantation in children].

PubMed

Lamprecht-Dinnesen, A; Sick, U; Sandrieser, P; Illg, A; Lesinski-Schiedat, A; Döring, W H; Müller-Deile, J; Kiefer, J; Matthias, K; Wüst, A; Konradi, E; Riebandt, M; Matulat, P; Von Der Haar-Heise, S; Swart, J; Elixmann, K; Neumann, K; Hildmann, A; Coninx, F; Meyer, V; Gross, M; Kruse, E; Lenarz, T

2002-10-01

Since autumn 1998 the multicenter interdisciplinary study group "Test Materials for CI Children" has been compiling a uniform examination tool for evaluation of speech and hearing development after cochlear implantation in childhood. After studying the relevant literature, suitable materials were checked for practical applicability, modified and provided with criteria for execution and break-off. For data acquisition, observation forms for preparation of a PC-version were developed. The evaluation set contains forms for master data with supplements relating to postoperative processes. The hearing tests check supra-threshold hearing with loudness scaling for children, speech comprehension in silence (Mainz and Göttingen Test for Speech Comprehension in Childhood) and phonemic differentiation (Oldenburg Rhyme Test for Children), the central auditory processes of detection, discrimination, identification and recognition (modification of the "Frankfurt Functional Hearing Test for Children") and audiovisual speech perception (Open Paragraph Tracking, Kiel Speech Track Program). The materials for speech and language development comprise phonetics-phonology, lexicon and semantics (LOGO Pronunciation Test), syntax and morphology (analysis of spontaneous speech), language comprehension (Reynell Scales), communication and pragmatics (observation forms). The MAIS and MUSS modified questionnaires are integrated. The evaluation set serves quality assurance and permits factor analysis as well as controls for regularity through the multicenter comparison of long-term developmental trends after cochlear implantation.

The Polar Stratosphere in a Changing Climate (POLSTRACC)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Oelhaf, Hermann; Sinnhuber, Björn-Martin; Woiwode, Wolfgang; Rapp, Markus; Dörnbrack, Andreas; Engel, Andreas; Boenisch, Harald

2015-04-01

The POLSTRACC mission aims at providing new scientific knowledge on the Arctic lowermost stratosphere (LMS) and upper troposphere under the present load of halogens and state of climate variables. POLSTRACC is the only HALO (High Altitude and LOng Range Research Aircraft, German Research Community) mission dedicated to study the UTLS at high latitudes several years after the last intensive Arctic campaigns. The scientific scope of POLSTRACC will be broadened by its combination with the SALSA (Seasonality of Air mass transport and origin in the Lowermost Stratosphere using the HALO Aircraft) and GW-LCYCLE (Gravity Wave Life Cycle Experiment, a BMBF/ROMIC project) missions, which address complementary scientific goals sharing the same HALO payload. POLSTRACC, SALSA and GW-LCYCLE will offer the unique opportunity to study the bottom of the polar vortex and the high-latitude UTLS along with their impact on lower latitudes throughout an entire winter/spring cycle. The POLSTRACC consortium includes national (KIT, Forschungszentrum Jülich, DLR, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Universities of Frankfurt, Heidelberg, Mainz and Wuppertal) and international partners (e.g. NASA). The payload for the combined POLSTRACC, SALSA and GW-LCYCLE campaigns comprises an innovative combination of remote sensing techniques providing 2- and 3-D distributions of temperature and a large number of substances, and precise in-situ instruments measuring T, O3, H2O, tracers of different lifetimes and chemically active species at the aircraft level with high time-resolution. Drop sondes will add information about temperature, humidity and wind in the atmosphere underneath the aircraft. The field campaign will be divided into three phases for addressing (i) the early polar vortex and its wide-scale vicinity in December 2015 (from Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany), (ii) the mid-winter vortex from January to March 2016 (from Kiruna, Sweden), and (iii) the late dissipating vortex and its wide-scale vicinity in March 2016 (from Kiruna and Oberpfaffenhofen). The activities from Kiruna will be split into two intensive phases, with a focus on gravity wave observations in January 2016. Actual mission planning will be supported by flight planning and model tools and will be tested already in the preceding winter in a dry-run activity. The airborne field observations will be complemented by ground-based activities (e.g. lidars, radars and radio soundings) and satellite observations (e.g. CALIPSO, MLS and ACE-FTS). The Poster is intended to present an overview of the scientific objectives, the payload, and the mission rationale, and to attract international scientific groups to join the POLSTRACC framework and extend its scientific scope.

Large-Scale Water Resources Management within the Framework of GLOWA-Danube - Part B: The Water Supply Model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nickel, D.; Barthel, R.; Schmid, C.; Braun, J.

2003-04-01

The research project GLOWA-Danube, financed by the German Federal Government, investigates long-term changes in the water cycle of the Upper Danube river basin in light of global climatic change. Its concrete aim is to build a fully integrated decision support tool that combines the competence of eleven different institutes in domains covering all major aspects governing the water cycle - from the formation of clouds to groundwater flow patterns to the behaviour of the water consumer. The research group "Water Supply" at the Institute of Hydraulic Engineering (IWS), Universitaet Stuttgart, has the central task of creating an agent-based model of the water supply sector. The Water Supply model will act as a link between the various physical models determining water quality and availability on the one hand and the actors models determining water demand on the other, which together form the tool DANUBIA. Ultimately, with the help of scenario testing, the water supply model will indicate the ability of the water supply system in the Upper Danube catchment to adapt to changing boundary conditions using different management approaches. The specific aim of the Water Supply model is the creation of a model which is not only able to simulate the present day system of water extraction, treatment and distribution but also its development and change with time. As most changes to the system are brought about by decisions made by relevant actors in the field of water management or their behaviour (in response to political and economic boundary conditions, changes in water demand or water quality, advances in technology etc.), the use of agent-based modelling was chosen, whereby an agent is seen as a computer system (in our case representing a human or group of humans) which is aware of its environment, has defined objectives and is able to act independently in order to meet these objectives. Whereas agent-based modelling has received much attention over the past decades, the use of this type of modelling for water supply systems is something very new. The initial step is the development of a conceptual water supply model (using JAVA), in which both the model boundaries and area of expertise as well as parameters to be exchanged between the Water Supply model and other models are defined. The data required to create model for such a large area is not available from the authorities, common interest organisations or in the public statistics. In order to gain access to more specific information regarding individual water supply companies, the Water Supply group is currently carrying out a wide-spread questionnaire addressed to all water supply companies in the GLOWA-Danube model area - well over 1000 in total in Bavaria, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Austria and Switzerland. The questionnaire contains questions pertaining to the two distinct fields, "economics and pricing" and "technical aspects", and aims at gathering information regarding the present day situation of the water supply system, the developments over the past 10 years as well as planned developments for the immediate future. Later, the focus will shift towards the stakeholders from the field of water resources management. A catalogue of decision-making rules will be prepared as a basis for discussion and will be debated with the relevant stakeholders. These rules will provide the basis for decision-making algorithms which will allow model agents to respond to their environment, communicate with one anther and behave in a goal-oriented manner to bring about change in the water supply system in response to changing conditions with regard to the climate, water quality, political and social boundary conditions, and changing demand.

First measurement of the polarization observable E and helicity-dependent cross sections in single π 0 photoproduction from quasi-free nucleons

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dieterle, M.; Witthauer, L.; Cividini, F.

The double-polarization observable Eand the helicity-dependent cross sections σ 1/2 and σ 3/2have been measured for the first time for single π0photoproduction from protons and neutrons bound in the deuteron at the electron accelerator facility MAMI in Mainz, Germany. The experiment used a circularly polarized photon beam and a longitudinally polarized deuterated butanol target. The reaction products, recoil nucleons and decay photons from the π0meson were detected with the Crystal Ball and TAPS electromagnetic calorimeters. Effects from nuclear Fermi motion were removed by a kinematic reconstruction of the π 0N final state. A comparison to data measured with a freemore » proton target showed that the absolute scale of the cross sections is significantly modified by nuclear final-state interaction (FSI) effects. However, there is no significant effect on the asymmetry E since the σ 1/2 and σ 3/2components appear to be influenced in a similar way. Thus, the best approximation of the two helicity-dependent cross sections for the free neutron is obtained by combining the asymmetry E measured with quasi-free neutrons and the unpolarized cross section corrected for FSI effects under the assumption that the FSI effects are similar for neutrons and protons.« less

Randomized response estimates for the 12-month prevalence of cognitive-enhancing drug use in university students.

PubMed

Dietz, Pavel; Striegel, Heiko; Franke, Andreas G; Lieb, Klaus; Simon, Perikles; Ulrich, Rolf

2013-01-01

To estimate the 12-month prevalence of cognitive-enhancing drug use. Paper-and-pencil questionnaire that used the randomized response technique. University in Mainz, Germany. A total of 2569 university students who completed the questionnaire. An anonymous, specialized questionnaire that used the randomized response technique was distributed to students at the beginning of classes and was collected afterward. From the responses, we calculated the prevalence of students taking drugs only to improve their cognitive performance and not to treat underlying mental disorders such as attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder, depression, and sleep disorders. The estimated 12-month prevalence of using cognitive-enhancing drugs was 20%. Prevalence varied by sex (male 23.7%, female 17.0%), field of study (highest in students studying sports-related fields, 25.4%), and semester (first semester 24.3%, beyond first semester 16.7%). To our knowledge, this is the first time that the randomized response technique has been used to survey students about cognitive-enhancing drug use. Using the randomized response technique, our questionnaire provided data that showed a high 12-month prevalence of cognitive-enhancing drug use in German university students. Our study suggests that other direct survey techniques have underestimated the use of these drugs. Drug prevention programs need to be established at universities to address this issue. © 2013 Pharmacotherapy Publications, Inc.

Elemental analysis of granite by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF).

PubMed

El-Taher, A

2012-01-01

The instrumental neutron activation analysis technique (INAA) was used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of granite samples collected from four locations in the Aswan area in South Egypt. The samples were prepared together with their standards and simultaneously irradiated in a neutron flux of 7×10(11)n/cm(2)s in the TRIGA Mainz research reactor. Gamma-ray spectra from an hyper-pure germanium detector were analyzed. The present study provides the basic data of elemental concentrations of granite rocks. The following elements have been determined Na, Mg, K, Fe, Mn, Sc, Cr, Ti, Co, Zn, Ga, Rb, Zr, Nb, Sn, Ba, Cs, La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Yb, Lu, Hf, Ta, Th and U. The X-ray fluorescence (XRF) was used for comparison and to detect elements, which can be detected only by XRF such as F, S, Cl, Co, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se and V. The data presented here are our contribution to understanding the elemental composition of the granite rocks. Because there are no existing databases for the elemental analysis of granite, our results are a start to establishing a database for the Egyptian granite. It is hoped that the data presented here will be useful to those dealing with geochemistry, granite chemistry and related fields. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Simplified mathematics for customized refractive surgery.

PubMed

Preussner, Paul Rolf; Wahl, Jochen

2003-03-01

To describe a simple mathematical approach to customized corneal refractive surgery or customized intraocular lens (IOL) design that allows "hypervision" and to investigate the accuracy limits. University eye hospital, Mainz, Germany. Corneal shape and at least 1 IOL surface are approximated by the well-known Cartesian conic section curves (ellipsoid, paraboloid, or hyperboloid). They are characterized by only 2 parameters, the vertex radius and the numerical eccentricity. Residual refraction errors for this approximation are calculated by numerical ray tracing. These errors can be displayed as a 2-dimensional refraction map across the pupil or by blurring the image of a Landolt ring superimposed on the retinal receptor grid, giving an overall impression of the visual outcome. If the eye is made emmetropic for paraxial rays and if the numerical eccentricities of the cornea and lens are appropriately fitted to each other, the residual refractive errors are small enough to allow hypervision. Visual acuity of at least 2.0 (20/10) appears to be possible, particularly for mesopic pupil diameters. However, customized optics may have limited application due to their sensitivity to misalignment errors such as decentrations or rotations. The mathematical approach described by Descartes 350 years ago is adequate to calculate hypervision optics for the human eye. The availability of suitable mathematical tools should, however, not be viewed with too much optimism as long as the accuracy of the implementation in surgical procedures is limited.

Altered reward processing in pathological computer gamers – ERP-results from a semi-natural Gaming-Design

PubMed Central

Duven, Eva C P; Müller, Kai W; Beutel, Manfred E; Wölfling, Klaus

2015-01-01

Introduction Internet Gaming Disorder has been added as a research diagnosis in section III for the DSM-V. Previous findings from neuroscientific research indicate an enhanced motivational attention toward cues related to computer games, similar to findings in substance-related addictions. On the other hand in clinical observational studies tolerance effects are reported by patients with Internet Gaming disorder. In the present study we investigated whether an enhanced motivational attention or tolerance effects are present in patients with Internet Gaming Disorder. Methods A clinical sample from the Outpatient Clinic for Behavioral Addictions in Mainz, Germany was recruited, fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for Internet Gaming Disorder. In a semi-natural EEG design participants played a computer game during the recording of event-related potentials to assess reward processing. Results The results indicated an attenuated P300 for patients with Internet Gaming Disorder in response to rewards in comparison to healthy controls, while the latency of N100 was prolonged and the amplitude of N100 was increased. Conclusions Our findings support the hypothesis that tolerance effects are present in patients with Internet Gaming Disorder, when actively playing computer games. In addition, the initial orienting toward the gaming reward is suggested to consume more capacity for patients with Internet Gaming Disorder, which has been similarly reported by other studies with other methodological background in disorders of substance-related addictions. PMID:25722946

Aversive tension of adolescents with anorexia nervosa in daily course: a case-controlled and smartphone-based ambulatory monitoring trial.

PubMed

Kolar, David Raphael; Bürger, Arne; Hammerle, Florian; Jenetzky, Ekkehart

2014-04-23

Monitoring and reduction of aversive tension is a core issue in dialectical behaviour therapy of patients. It has been shown that aversive tension is increased in adult borderline personality disorder and is linked to low emotion labelling ability. However, until now there is no documented evidence that patients with anorexia nervosa suffer from aversive tension as well. Furthermore the usability of a smartphone application for ambulatory monitoring purposes has not been sufficiently explored. We compare the mean and maximum self-reported aversive tension in 20 female adolescents (12-19 years) with anorexia nervosa in outpatient treatment with 20 healthy controls. They are required to answer hourly, over a 2-day period, that is, about 30 times, four short questions on their smartphone, which ensures prompt documentation without any recall bias. At the close out, the participants give a structured usability feedback on the application and the procedure. The achieved result of this trial has direct relevance for efficient therapy strategies and is a prerequisite for trials regarding dialectical behaviour therapy in anorexia nervosa. The results will be disseminated through peer-review publications. The ethics committee of the regional medical association in Mainz, Germany approved the study protocol under the reference number 837.177.13. The trial is registered at the German clinical trials registration under the reference number DRKS00005228.

Altered reward processing in pathological computer gamers--ERP-results from a semi-natural gaming-design.

PubMed

Duven, Eva C P; Müller, Kai W; Beutel, Manfred E; Wölfling, Klaus

2015-01-01

Internet Gaming Disorder has been added as a research diagnosis in section III for the DSM-V. Previous findings from neuroscientific research indicate an enhanced motivational attention toward cues related to computer games, similar to findings in substance-related addictions. On the other hand in clinical observational studies tolerance effects are reported by patients with Internet Gaming disorder. In the present study we investigated whether an enhanced motivational attention or tolerance effects are present in patients with Internet Gaming Disorder. A clinical sample from the Outpatient Clinic for Behavioral Addictions in Mainz, Germany was recruited, fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for Internet Gaming Disorder. In a semi-natural EEG design participants played a computer game during the recording of event-related potentials to assess reward processing. The results indicated an attenuated P300 for patients with Internet Gaming Disorder in response to rewards in comparison to healthy controls, while the latency of N100 was prolonged and the amplitude of N100 was increased. Our findings support the hypothesis that tolerance effects are present in patients with Internet Gaming Disorder, when actively playing computer games. In addition, the initial orienting toward the gaming reward is suggested to consume more capacity for patients with Internet Gaming Disorder, which has been similarly reported by other studies with other methodological background in disorders of substance-related addictions.

Helicity-dependent cross sections and double-polarization observable E in η photoproduction from quasifree protons and neutrons

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Witthauer, L.; Dieterle, M.; Abt, S.; Achenbach, P.; Afzal, F.; Ahmed, Z.; Akondi, C. S.; Annand, J. R. M.; Arends, H. J.; Bashkanov, M.; Beck, R.; Biroth, M.; Borisov, N. S.; Braghieri, A.; Briscoe, W. J.; Cividini, F.; Costanza, S.; Collicott, C.; Denig, A.; Downie, E. J.; Drexler, P.; Ferretti-Bondy, M. I.; Gardner, S.; Garni, S.; Glazier, D. I.; Glowa, D.; Gradl, W.; Günther, M.; Gurevich, G. M.; Hamilton, D.; Hornidge, D.; Huber, G. M.; Käser, A.; Kashevarov, V. L.; Kay, S.; Keshelashvili, I.; Kondratiev, R.; Korolija, M.; Krusche, B.; Lazarev, A. B.; Linturi, J. M.; Lisin, V.; Livingston, K.; Lutterer, S.; MacGregor, I. J. D.; Mancell, J.; Manley, D. M.; Martel, P. P.; Metag, V.; Meyer, W.; Miskimen, R.; Mornacchi, E.; Mushkarenkov, A.; Neganov, A. B.; Neiser, A.; Oberle, M.; Ostrick, M.; Otte, P. B.; Paudyal, D.; Pedroni, P.; Polonski, A.; Prakhov, S. N.; Rajabi, A.; Reicherz, G.; Ron, G.; Rostomyan, T.; Sarty, A.; Sfienti, C.; Sikora, M. H.; Sokhoyan, V.; Spieker, K.; Steffen, O.; Strakovsky, I. I.; Strub, Th.; Supek, I.; Thiel, A.; Thiel, M.; Thomas, A.; Unverzagt, M.; Usov, Yu. A.; Wagner, S.; Walford, N. K.; Watts, D. P.; Werthmüller, D.; Wettig, J.; Wolfes, M.; Zana, L.; A2 Collaboration at MAMI

2017-05-01

Precise helicity-dependent cross sections and the double-polarization observable E were measured for η photoproduction from quasifree protons and neutrons bound in the deuteron. The η →2 γ and η →3 π0→6 γ decay modes were used to optimize the statistical quality of the data and to estimate systematic uncertainties. The measurement used the A2 detector setup at the tagged photon beam of the electron accelerator MAMI in Mainz. A longitudinally polarized deuterated butanol target was used in combination with a circularly polarized photon beam from bremsstrahlung of a longitudinally polarized electron beam. The reaction products were detected with the electromagnetic calorimeters Crystal Ball and TAPS, which covered 98% of the full solid angle. The results show that the narrow structure observed earlier in the unpolarized excitation function of η photoproduction off the neutron appears only in reactions with antiparallel photon and nucleon spin (σ1 /2). It is absent for reactions with parallel spin orientation (σ3 /2) and thus very probably related to partial waves with total spin 1/2. The behavior of the angular distributions of the helicity-dependent cross sections was analyzed by fitting them withLegendre polynomials. The results are in good agreement with a model from the Bonn-Gatchina group, which uses an interference of P11 and S11 partial waves to explain the narrow structure.

[The national public discourse on priority setting in health care in German print media].

PubMed

Liesching, Florian; Meyer, Thorsten; Raspe, Heiner

2012-01-01

Germany's Central Ethics Committee of the Federal Chamber of Physicians (FCP) and other relevant national actors called for a public discourse on priority setting in health care. Politicians, members of a Federal Joint Committee and health insurance representatives, however, refused to promote or participate in the establishment of a public discussion. A change to that attitude only became apparent after former FCP President Hoppe's opening speech at the annual FCP assembly in Mainz in 2009. The present paper applies the Sociology of Knowledge Approach to Discourse, implemented through Qualitative Content Analysis and elements of Grounded Theory, to examine the development of the national public discourse in leading German print media. It creates a matrix that represents the discourse development between May 2009 and May 2010 and reflects central actors, their "communicative phenomena" and their interactions. Additionally, the matrix has been extended to cover the period until December 2011. Hoppe's arguments for priority setting in health care are faced with a wide opposition assuming opposing prerequisites and thus demanding alternative remedies. The lack of interaction between the different parties prevents any development of the speakers' positions. Incorrect accounts, reductions and left-outs in the media representation add to this effect. Consequently, the public discussion on priority setting is far from being an evolving rational discourse. Instead, it constitutes an exchange of preformed opposing positions. Copyright © 2012. Published by Elsevier GmbH.

Establishment and progress of the chest pain unit certification process in Germany and the local experiences of Mainz.

PubMed

Post, Felix; Gori, Tommaso; Senges, Jochen; Giannitsis, Evangelos; Katus, Hugo; Münzel, Thomas

2012-03-01

The establishment of chest pain units (CPUs) in the USA and UK has led to improvements in the prognosis of patients with chest pain and myocardial infarction, optimizing access to specialized diagnostic and therapeutic facilities and reducing costs. To establish a uniform implementation of this type of service in Germany, the German Cardiac Society (DGK) founded a 'CPU task force' in 2007, which developed a set of standard requirements and a nationwide certification programme. The recommendations for minimum standard requirements were published in 2008. As of November 2011, 132 CPUs were certified and 36 units were in the certification process. The aim of the DGK is to certify as many as 250 centres (units) throughout Germany within the next 2 years, to provide nationwide coverage. Applications from Switzerland are also being filed. Public awareness campaigns in cooperation with national league soccer teams were organized to raise awareness of the importance for early diagnosis and treatment of cardiac diseases and to publicize the existence of these new facilities. The German model of CPU certification allows nationwide and prospectively European-wide standardization of patient care and to improve adherence to international guidelines. Coupled with awareness campaigns and with the launch of a German CPU Registry, this process is aimed at improving the education and treatment of patients with chest pain and to provide scientific information about the quality of patient care.

Elimination of terrestrial rabies in Germany using oral vaccination of foxes.

PubMed

Müller, Thomas; Bätza, Hans-Joachim; Freuling, Conrad; Kliemt, Anke; Kliemt, Jeannette; Heuser, Rolf; Schlüter, Hartmut; Selhorst, Thomas; Vos, Adriaan; Mettenleiter, Thomas C

2012-01-01

Oral rabies vaccination (ORV) has become the method of choice in fox rabies control in Europe. During the past three decades fox-mediated rabies virtually disappeared from Western and Central Europe. Following Switzerland, Germany was the second European country to launch ORV field trials on its territory in 1983. This paper provides a historical overview on the emergence of fox rabies in Germany; describing the basic principles and milestones of the German rabies eradication programme and presenting results of two decades of efforts to control the disease in foxes. Also, setbacks as well as country-specific differences and particularities on Germany's long way to rabies elimination in comparison to other European countries are addressed. Since the first field trials in Germany the number of rabies cases steadily decreased from 10 484 in 1983 to three cases recorded in 2006. On February 3rd 2006 the last case of terrestrial rabies in Germany was detected in a fox near the town of Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate. In 2008, ORV ceased after 25 years and Germany was officially declared as free from terrestrial rabies. The German rabies eradication programme did cost approximately 100 million euro of which 37 million euro were covered by the EU. For the future, efforts should focus on maintaining a rabies free status by implementing measures to prevent reintroduction of terrestrial rabies from endemic countries.

First measurement of the polarization observable E and helicity-dependent cross sections in single π 0 photoproduction from quasi-free nucleons

DOE PAGES

Dieterle, M.; Witthauer, L.; Cividini, F.; ...

2017-05-10

The double-polarization observable Eand the helicity-dependent cross sections σ 1/2 and σ 3/2have been measured for the first time for single π0photoproduction from protons and neutrons bound in the deuteron at the electron accelerator facility MAMI in Mainz, Germany. The experiment used a circularly polarized photon beam and a longitudinally polarized deuterated butanol target. The reaction products, recoil nucleons and decay photons from the π0meson were detected with the Crystal Ball and TAPS electromagnetic calorimeters. Effects from nuclear Fermi motion were removed by a kinematic reconstruction of the π 0N final state. A comparison to data measured with a freemore » proton target showed that the absolute scale of the cross sections is significantly modified by nuclear final-state interaction (FSI) effects. However, there is no significant effect on the asymmetry E since the σ 1/2 and σ 3/2components appear to be influenced in a similar way. Thus, the best approximation of the two helicity-dependent cross sections for the free neutron is obtained by combining the asymmetry E measured with quasi-free neutrons and the unpolarized cross section corrected for FSI effects under the assumption that the FSI effects are similar for neutrons and protons.« less

66.7-keV γ -line intensity of 171Tm determined via neutron activation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Weigand, M.; Heftrich, T.; Düllmann, Ch. E.; Eberhardt, K.; Fiebiger, S.; Glorius, J.; Göbel, K.; Haas, R.; Langer, C.; Lohse, S.; Reifarth, R.; Renisch, D.; Wolf, C.

2018-03-01

Background: About 50% of the heavy elements are produced in stars during the slow neutron capture process. The analysis of branching points allows to set constraints on the temperature and the neutron density in the interior of stars. The temperature dependence of the branch point 171Tm is weak. Hence, the 171Tm neutron capture cross section can be used to constrain the neutron density during the main component of the s process in thermally pulsing asymptotic giant branch stars. Purpose: In order to perform neutron capture experiments on 171Tm, sample material has to be produced and characterized. The characterization is done by γ spectroscopy, relying on the intensities of the involved γ lines. Only the 66.7-keV γ line can be observed whose intensity was uncertain so far. Method: An enriched 170Er sample was activated with thermal neutrons at the TRIGA (Training, Research, Isotopes, General Atomics) research reactor at the Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz. The activation resulted in an easily quantifiable number of 171Er nuclei that subsequently decayed to 171Tm. Result: The intensity of the 66.7-keV γ line of the 171Tm decay was measured to Iγ=(0.144 ±0.010 )% . Conclusions: Our result is in good agreement with the value found in the literature.

Beta Pic observations requested for BRITE-Constellation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Waagen, Elizabeth O.

2017-01-01

The AAVSO is part of the BRITE-Constellation Ground Based Observations Team (GBOT), supporting cutting-edge science from the BRITE-Constellation satellites and coordinating with BRITE-Constellation scientist Dr. Konstanze Zwintz (Universitaet Innsbruck) and her team. The delta Scuti star beta Pic (NSV 16683) (3.80-3.86V) is one of the BRITE stars being focused on during this season. Bet Pic is particularly interesting now because a transit of the star's planet's Hill sphere (the region around a planet in which it dominates the attraction of satellites) is predicted to occur during 2017-2018. Ongoing observations beginning now are valuable to establish a baseline prior to the transit. The AAVSO's webpage on the BRITE target stars was updated in November with information on bet Pic from Dr. Zwintz. AAVSO observers with appropriate equipment and located at a southern enough latitude are encouraged to observe bet Pic. Its brightness makes bet Pic well suited to PEP and DSLR photometry; CCD photometry is also possible. However, great care must be taken by all observers, especially those using CCD, to avoid saturation. As the amplitude of this star is very small, visual observations are very difficult, but they are welcome. Multicolor (BVR) photometry better than 0.01 magnitude and time-series observations with a cadence of a few minutes (less than 10 minutes) are requested beginning now and continuing at least through 2017 and likely through 2018. The precision and cadence required are essential in order for the data to be most useful for studying the transit. Spectroscopists wishing to participate should submit their spectra directly to Dr. Konstanze Zwintz (konstanze.zwintz@uibk.ac.at). Finder charts with sequence may be created using the AAVSO Variable Star Plotter (https://www.aavso.org/vsp). Observations should be submitted to the AAVSO International Database. See full Alert Notice for more details.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based indication for neoadjuvant treatment of rectal carcinoma and the surrogate endpoint CRM status.

PubMed

Strassburg, Joachim; Junginger, Theo; Trinh, Trong; Püttcher, Olaf; Oberholzer, Katja; Heald, Richard J; Hermanek, Paul

2008-11-01

Is it possible to reduce the frequency of neoadjuvant therapy for rectal carcinoma and nevertheless achieve a rate of more than 90% circumferential resection margin (CRM)-negative resection specimens by a novel concept of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based therapy planning? One hundred eighty-one patients from Berlin and Mainz, Germany, with primary rectal carcinoma, without distant metastasis, underwent radical surgery with curative intention. Surgical procedures applied were anterior resection with total mesorectal excision (TME) or partial mesorectal excision (PME; PME for tumours of the upper rectum) or abdominoperineal excision with TME. With MRI selection of the highest-risk cases, neoadjuvant therapy was given to only 62 of 181 (34.3%). The rate of CRM-negative resection specimens on histology was 170 of 181 (93.9%) for all patients, and in Berlin, only 1 of 93 (1%) specimens was CRM-positive. Patients selected for primary surgery had CRM-negative specimens on histology in 114 of 119 (95.8%). Those selected for neoadjuvant therapy had a lower rate of clear margin: 56 of 62 (90%). By applying a MRI-based indication, the frequency of neoadjuvant treatment with its acute and late adverse effects can be reduced to 30-35% without reduction of pathologically CRM-negative resection specimens and, thus, without the danger of worsening the oncological long-term results. This concept should be confirmed in prospective multicentre observation studies with quality assurance of MRI, surgery and pathology.

Increased prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder in CRPS.

PubMed

Speck, V; Schlereth, T; Birklein, F; Maihöfner, C

2017-03-01

Although specific psychological disorders in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) have not been identified, studies suggest that CRPS patients may have increased rates of traumatic life events. Because these events do not always lead to apparent psychological symptoms, we systematically screened CRPS patients for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) to determine if PTSD could be a risk factor for CRPS. Consecutive CRPS patients referred to two university hospital centres (University of Erlangen, UMC Mainz) between December 2011 and April 2013 were prospectively examined using a diagnostic PTSD instrument (Post-traumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale (PDS). We also tested maladaptive coping strategies (brief-COPE inventory) and the PDS severity score as predictors for CRPS. Patients with non-CRPS extremity pain and healthy individuals were used as control groups. We collected data from 152 patients with CRPS, 55 control patients and 55 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals. Fifty-eight CRPS patients (38%), six non-CRPS pain patients (10%) and two healthy individuals (4%) met diagnostic criteria for PTSD. Initial PTSD symptom onset was prior to CRPS in 50 CRPS patients (86%) and during the course of CRPS in eight patients. Results of a logistic regression revealed that the PTSD severity score was associated with CRPS (p < 0.0001). Maladaptive coping strategies (p < 0.0001) were related to PTSD. posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is more frequent in patients with CRPS than it is in the general population. Research has not yet provided support for specific psychological predictors for CRPS. © 2016 European Pain Federation - EFIC®.

Helicity-dependent cross sections and double-polarization observable E in η photoproduction from quasifree protons and neutrons

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Witthauer, L.; Dieterle, M.; Abt, S.

2017-05-01

Precise helicity-dependent cross sections and the double-polarization observable E were measured for η photoproduction from quasifree protons and neutrons bound in the deuteron. The η → 2γ and η → 3π 0 → 6γ decay modes were used to optimize the statistical quality of the data and to estimate systematic uncertainties. The measurement used the A2 detector setup at the tagged photon beam of the electron accelerator MAMI in Mainz. A longitudinally polarized deuterated butanol target was used in combination with a circularly polarized photon beam from bremsstrahlung of a longitudinally polarized electron beam. The reaction products were detected withmore » the electromagnetic calorimeters Crystal Ball and TAPS, which covered 98% of the full solid angle. The results show that the narrow structure observed earlier in the unpolarized excitation function of η photoproduction off the neutron appears only in reactions with antiparallel photon and nucleon spin (σ 1/2). It is absent for reactions with parallel spin orientation (σ 3/2) and thus very probably related to partial waves with total spin 1/2. The behavior of the angular distributions of the helicity-dependent cross sections was analyzed by fitting them with Legendre polynomials. The results are in good agreement with a model from the Bonn-Gatchina group, which uses an interference of P 11 and S 11 partial waves to explain the narrow structure.« less

Effect of reduced agalsidase Beta dosage in fabry patients: the Australian experience.

PubMed

Ghali, Joanna; Nicholls, Kathy; Denaro, Charles; Sillence, David; Chapman, Ian; Goldblatt, Jack; Thomas, Mark; Fletcher, Janice

2012-01-01

In Australia, enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) for Fabry Disease (FD), both Agalsidase alfa (Replagal, Shire HGT) and beta (Fabrazyme, Genzyme), is funded and monitored through a specific government program. Agalsidase beta supply has been rationed by Genzyme since 2009 due to manufacturing issues. Consequently, the Australian Fabry Disease Advisory Committee has treated patients on Agalsidase beta at 50% of their usual dose from mid-2009, with a further reduction to 30% for some patients from late 2009. To determine the clinical effect of Agalsidase beta dose reduction in the Australian FD patient cohort. A questionnaire assessing FD symptoms was administered to 40 patients on long-term ERT. Clinical data from The Fabry Registry for patients receiving Agalsidase alfa or beta, for at least 2 years prior to the time of enforced Agalsidase beta dose reduction, were reviewed. Disease burden and quality of life (QOL) were graded using the Disease Severity Scoring System, Mainz Severity Score Index, Brief Pain Inventory and Short Form 36 Health Survey at 2 years before dose reduction, at the time of dose reduction and at the most recent clinical review following dose reduction. Disease severity and QOL scores did not change between the ERT groups. Males on Agalsidase beta reported lower energy levels after dose reduction, while no change was reported by females on either product or by males on a stable dose of Agalsidase alfa. This study suggests that energy levels in male patients worsen after dose reduction of Agalsidase beta.

Clinical observations on enzyme replacement therapy in patients with Fabry disease and the switch from agalsidase beta to agalsidase alfa.

PubMed

Lin, Hsiang-Yu; Huang, Yu-Hsiu; Liao, Hsuan-Chieh; Liu, Hao-Chuan; Hsu, Ting-Rong; Shen, Chia-I; Li, Shao-Tzu; Li, Cheng-Fang; Lee, Li-Hong; Lee, Pi-Chang; Huang, Chun-Kai; Chiang, Chuan-Chi; Lin, Shuan-Pei; Niu, Dau-Ming

2014-04-01

Fabry disease is an X-linked inherited lysosomal storage disease that can be treated with the enzymes of agalsidase beta (Fabrazyme) and agalsidase alfa (Replagal). Since June 2009, viral contamination of Genzyme's production facility has resulted in a worldwide shortage of agalsidase beta, leading to the switch to agalsidase alfa for patients with Fabry disease in Taiwan. The medical records were retrospectively reviewed for nine male patients with Fabry disease from the start of agalsidase beta treatment until the switch to agalsidase alfa for at least 1 year. After 12-112 months of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), decreased plasma globotriaosylsphingosine (lyso-Gb3) was found in five out of seven patients, indicating improvement in disease severity. Among the six patients with available echocardiographic data at baseline and after ERT, all six experienced reductions of left ventricular mass index. Renal function, including microalbuminuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate, showed stability after ERT. Mainz Severity Score Index scores revealed that all nine patients remained stable at 12 months after switching to agalsidase alfa. ERT improved or stabilized cardiac status and stabilized renal function, while reducing plasma lyso-Gb3. ERT was well tolerated, even among the three patients who had hypersensitivity reactions. The switch of ERT from agalsidase beta to agalsidase alfa appears to be safe after 1 year of follow-up for Taiwanese patients with Fabry disease. Copyright © 2013. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Markus Maeurer on the LifeGene project.

PubMed

Maeurer, Markus

2010-09-01

This year will see the full-scale roll-out of the LifeGene study. Coordinated by the Karolinska Institutet (Stockholm, Sweden), the project looks set to be one of the largest health studies performed in the world, aiming to enroll 500,000 Swedes in order to determine the relationship between disease and environmental, lifestyle and hereditary factors. International experts from a broad spectrum of scientific fields will collaborate on this project, including Mark Maeurer, Chair of the infections working group in LifeGene (www.lifegene.se). Maeurer leads the additional study on influenza-like illnesses, which is currently being run within the LifeGene project. Maeurer studied medicine in Germany, Switzerland and the USA. He is board-certified in medical microbiology, has served as Assistant Professor of Surgery at the University of Pittsburgh Medical School (PA, USA) in the Department of Surgical Oncology and Immunotherapy, as Professor of Medical Microbiology at the University of Mainz, Germany, and is now Professor of Clinical Immunology at the Microbiology and Tumor Cell Biology Center at the Karolinska Institutet. Maeurer has conducted experiments with nonhuman primate models to study TB vaccine take, with the aim to profile markers of immune protection. His general interests are in the field of immune reconstitution and memory immune responses, with a particular focus on gauging protective T-cell responses and antibody immune signatures using high-content peptide microarrays. He has published more than 100 original articles, ten book chapters and serves as a reviewer for a number of international scientific journals.

The prevalence of human papilloma virus (HPV) infections in oral squamous cell carcinomas: a retrospective analysis of 88 patients and literature overview.

PubMed

Krüger, M; Pabst, A M; Walter, C; Sagheb, K; Günther, C; Blatt, S; Weise, K; Al-Nawas, B; Ziebart, T

2014-10-01

In addition to tobacco and alcohol consumption, the two main risk factors for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), recent studies have revealed infections with human papilloma virus (HPV) as an additional risk factor for OSCC development. In the field of head and neck malignancies, the prevalence of HPV infections in oropharyngeal cancer (OC) ranges in different studies up to 84%. While HPV infection is discussed as an independent risk factor in this region, its distinguished role in carcinogenesis of tumours localized to the oral cavity remains still uncertain. In this study, we analysed the HPV status in 88 consecutive patients with OSCCs localized anterior of the palatoglossal arch who were treated in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at the University Medical Center Mainz. The HPV status analysis was performed using DNA-PCR and immunostaining of p16 protein. The prevalence of HPV-positive OSCCs was about 6% (5 patients). In 3 patients the HPV subtypes 16/18 were found. No significant differences between the HPV positive and negative patients regarding age, gender, smoking and alcohol consumption, localization and TNM level could be detected. Contrary to other studies focussing on cancers of the lingual and palatine tonsil, the prevalence of HPV infections was much lower in the oral cavity. Therefore HPV infection might play a less important role in oral carcinogenesis. Copyright © 2014 European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

[The epidemic typhus of 1813/14 in the area of lower Franconia].

PubMed

Vasold, Manfred

2004-01-01

When Napoleon left for Moscow, in June 1812, he marched at the head of a huge army, perhaps more than half a million men strong. Roughly one fifth of them survived and came back to Germany at the turn of 1812/13. The "Grande Armée" had been subject to open battles and guerilla warfare, but even more to the ravages of hunger and infectious disease - it was epidemic typhus that killed off the soldiers. On their way back to France, the soldiers carried that disease to some areas of Germany, esp. those along the Main river. In late winter of 1813 some parts of Franconia suffered terribly. The epidemic subsided in summer 1813 when the lice - typhus is a louse-born disease - were less and better under control. But again in the winter of 1813/14, after the battle of Leipzig (Oct. 1813), a murderous epidemic of typhus broke out and killed very many people in cities like Wurzburg, Aschaffenburg, and Mainz. Mortality rose to a high percentage. Some contemporary German doctors had a rough idea that the carrier of the disease must be in the clothes. According to very conservative estimates one out of ten Germans fell sick, and ten percent of the sick died of typhus, a quarter of a million out of 23 million people. German historiography normally does not mention this epidemic in history text-books, so this epidemic is rather unknown.

Impact of a pharmaceutical care program on liver transplant patients' compliance with immunosuppressive medication: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial using electronic monitoring.

PubMed

Klein, Anja; Otto, Gerd; Krämer, Irene

2009-03-27

Compliance with immunosuppressive therapy plays a major role in the long-term success of organ transplantation. Thus, strategies to promote compliance in posttransplant care are of particular interest. At the pharmacy department of the University Hospital Mainz, a program for pharmaceutical care of organ transplant patients has been developed for the first time ever. The main objective of the presented study was to examine the influence of this program on liver transplant patients' compliance with immunosuppressive therapy. To measure compliance, medication event monitoring systems were used. Dosing compliance (DC) was calculated for each patient and the mean DC was compared between the two groups. Further direct and indirect methods of measuring compliance served to confirm the electronic compliance data. Pharmaceutical care of liver transplant patients led to a significant increase in compliance with the immunosuppressive therapy. The mean DC of the intervention group was 90%+/-6% compared with 81%+/-12% in the control group (P=0.015). Only two patients (10%) in the intervention group and nine patients (43%) in the control group showed a DC less than 80% (P=0.032). Furthermore, patients in the intervention group were more likely to achieve target blood levels. Patients who received pharmaceutical care with traditional patient care showed significantly better compliance with their immunosuppressive medication than patients who received only traditional patient care. Pharmaceutical care proved to be an effective intervention that should be implemented in posttransplant care.

Proof Test Diagrams for a Lithia-Alumina-Silica Glass-Ceramic

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tucker, Dennis S.

2003-01-01

The glass-ceramic (Zerodur, Schott Glaswerke, Mainz, Germany) contains 70% to 78% by weight crystalline phase of high-quartz structure with a mean crystal size of 50-55 nm. The vitreous phase has a positive thermal expansion coefficient which is practically balanced by the negative coefficient of the crystalline phase. This results in a material which can maintain longitudinal stability during thermal cycling. This was one of the reasons for its choice as the material for the grazing incidence mirrors for the Chandra X-Ray Facility. Brittle materials such as glass and glass-ceramics which exhibit slow crack growth and subsequent fast fracture to failure exhibit a time dependence in strength. The decrease in strength for a constant applied load is known as static fatigue. In many cases, environment plays a major role in the material lifetime. It has been shown for silicate glasses that crack velocity will increase as the amount of water vapor in the environment surface finish and rate of loading. A rough surface finish leads to a lower tensile strength than for an optically polished surface. The strength of glass is observed in general to increase with increasing load rate. This phenomena is known as dynamic fatigue. This was observed for Zerodur by Tucker and Gent and Tucker in previous dynamic fatigue studies, in which lifetimes were obtained. All of the above named factors need to be considered when glass is to be used in load bearing applications.

Inertia gravity waves in a rotating, differentially heated annulus with an upper free surface

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Randriamampianina, Anthony; Harlander, Uwe; Vincze, Miklos; von Larcher, Thomas; Viazzo, Stephane

2015-04-01

Inertia gravity waves (IGWs) are ubiquitous in the atmosphere and oceans, and are known to play a fundamental role in a wide variety of processes, among others the induction and modulation of turbulence. Observations and simulations have revealed their spontaneous occurrence simultaneously with the onset of baroclinic instability, recognized to be one of the dominant energetic processes in the large-scale atmospheric and oceanic circulations. In spite of intensive research activities these last decades, the generation mechanism and the propagation of IGWs, as well as their interaction with large-scale structures triggering locally chaotic motions, remain poorly understood. A better understanding of these phenomena is therefore mandatory for the development of IGW's parameterization schemes actually required for numerical global weather prediction. A combined laboratory experiment and direct numerical simulations study is proposed for the detailed investigations of instabilities arising within a differentially heated rotating annulus, the baroclinic cavity. The configuration corresponds to an experimental setup used at BTU, Cottbus Senftenberg, Germany [1], characterized by an open upper surface and filled with water (Pr = 7). Infrared thermography and simultaneous kalliroscope visualization in horizontal planes, illuminated by a laser sheet, have been applied to detect the surface signatures of IGWs. These findings confirmed the computations carried out by three different numerical approaches, using either spectral methods, high order compact finite difference scheme (M2P2, Marseille), or the EULAG code (Freie Universitaet Berlin). These small-scale features have been observed in addition to those developing along the inner cold cylinder, previously identified by simulations in a closed cavity, filled with a liquid defined by Pr = 16 [2]. These new IGWs show characteristics similar to the ones obtained by [3] at the exit of the meandering jet between the cyclonic and anticyclonic parts of the baroclinic waves. References [1] Harlander, U. et al. Exp. Fluids 52:1077-1087, 2012. [2] Randriamampianina, A. C. R. M'ecanique 341:547-552, 2013. [3] Plougonven, R. & Snyder, C. J. Atmos Sci. 64:2502-2520, 2007.

Is a scaling factor required to obtain closure between measured and modelled O4 absorptions? - A case study for two days during the MADCAT campaign

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wagner, Thomas

2017-04-01

Measurements of the oxygen dimer O4 are often used in remote sensing applications to infer information on the atmospheric light path distribution. Such information is interesting in itself, but can also be used to retrieve properties of clouds and aerosols, e.g. from ground based Multi-AXis-Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) observations. In recent years, a scaling factor (between about 0.7 and 1) was applied by several groups to the retrieved O4 slant column densities in order to obtain meaningful aerosol profiles from MAX-DOAS observations. However, other groups did not report the need for such a scaling factor. Up to now, this discrepancy is neither understood nor resolved. Here we compare measured and modelled O4 slant column densities for two days during the MADCAT campaign (http://joseba.mpch-mainz.mpg.de/mad_cat.htm). Clouds were mostly absent during both days, and the aerosol profiles are constrained by simultaneous sun photometer and ceilometer measurements. One important difference between both days is the amount of aerosol in the lowest atmospheric layer. Our comparison study addresses several important steps of the O4 data analysis, such as the spectral retrieval and the radiative transfer simulations. We also investigate the effects of temperature and pressure variations on the calculation of the O4 vertical column density. Preliminary results are are not conclusive but indicate that a scaling factor is needed to bring measurements and simulations into agreement at least for one of the two selected days.

Chronic health conditions and school performance in first graders: A prospective cohort study.

PubMed

Hoffmann, Isabell; Diefenbach, Christiane; Gräf, Christine; König, Jochem; Schmidt, Martina F; Schnick-Vollmer, Kathleen; Blettner, Maria; Urschitz, Michael S

2018-01-01

Children with chronic health conditions may perform poorer at school. Associations may be confounded by numerous social factors. We aimed to estimate the effects of a chronic health condition on overall school performance in first graders with an emphasis on rigorous adjustment for potential confounders. A population-based cohort study was performed in the area of Mainz-Bingen (Germany). In 2015 all preschoolers were approached and the presence of a chronic health condition was assessed by parental questionnaires and preschool health examination data. The identification of a chronic health condition was based on special health care needs and presence of a doctor's diagnosis out of 24 school-relevant diseases. At the end of the first school year, overall school performance was assessed by teachers and rated on a 5-item scale ranging from -10 to +10. Of 3683 children approached, 2003 were enrolled. Overall school performance was available for 1462 children (51% boys). Of these, 52% suffered from a chronic health condition. Compared to children without a chronic health condition, children with special health care needs (15%) performed worse at school (adjusted mean difference: -0.95, 95% CI: [-1.55; -0.35], P = 0.002). Children with a doctor's diagnosis but without special health care needs (37%) did not perform worse at school. The effect was further analysed considering the extent of special health care needed. Chronic health conditions affect overall school performance early in primary school. To identify academically at-risk children, a chronic health condition identification based on special health care needs may be used.

Extracting the mass dependence and quantum numbers of short-range correlated pairs from A ( e , e ' p ) and A ( e , e ' p p ) scattering

DOE PAGES

Colle, C.; Hen, O.; Cosyn, W.; ...

2015-08-06

Tmore » he addition of Molybdenum was used to modify the nanostructure and enhance coercivity of rare-earth-free Zr 2Co 11-based nanocrystalline permanent magnets. he effect of Mo addition on magnetic domain structures of melt spun nanocrystalline Zr 16Co 84-xMo x( x = 0 , 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2.0) ribbons has been investigated. It was found that magnetic properties and local domain structures are strongly influenced by Mo doping. he coercivity of the samples increases with the increase in Mo content ( x ≤ 1.5 ). he maximum energy product ( B H ) max increases with increasing x from 0.5 MGOe for x = 0 to a maximum value of 4.2 MGOe for x = 1.5 . he smallest domain size with a relatively short magnetic correlation length of 128 nm and largest root-mean-square phase shift Φ rms value of 0.66° are observed for the x = 1.5 . he optimal Mo addition promotes magnetic domain structure refinement and thus leads to a significant increase in coercivity and energy product in this sample. MDH is primarily a dimer in solution, although an oligomeric species with a molecular mass of ~450–560 kDa forms at higher protein concentrations. A new measurement of the rare, doubly radiative decay eta->pi 0 γγ was conducted with the Crystal Ball and APS multiphoton spectrometers together with the photon tagging facility at the Mainz Microtron MAMI.« less

Extracting the mass dependence and quantum numbers of short-range correlated pairs from A ( e , e ' p ) and A ( e , e ' p p ) scattering

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Colle, C.; Hen, O.; Cosyn, W.

Tmore » he addition of Molybdenum was used to modify the nanostructure and enhance coercivity of rare-earth-free Zr 2Co 11-based nanocrystalline permanent magnets. he effect of Mo addition on magnetic domain structures of melt spun nanocrystalline Zr 16Co 84-xMo x( x = 0 , 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2.0) ribbons has been investigated. It was found that magnetic properties and local domain structures are strongly influenced by Mo doping. he coercivity of the samples increases with the increase in Mo content ( x ≤ 1.5 ). he maximum energy product ( B H ) max increases with increasing x from 0.5 MGOe for x = 0 to a maximum value of 4.2 MGOe for x = 1.5 . he smallest domain size with a relatively short magnetic correlation length of 128 nm and largest root-mean-square phase shift Φ rms value of 0.66° are observed for the x = 1.5 . he optimal Mo addition promotes magnetic domain structure refinement and thus leads to a significant increase in coercivity and energy product in this sample. MDH is primarily a dimer in solution, although an oligomeric species with a molecular mass of ~450–560 kDa forms at higher protein concentrations. A new measurement of the rare, doubly radiative decay eta->pi 0 γγ was conducted with the Crystal Ball and APS multiphoton spectrometers together with the photon tagging facility at the Mainz Microtron MAMI.« less

Increased plasma viscosity in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome using an oral contraceptive containing 35 μg ethinyl estradiol and 2 mg cyproterone acetate.

PubMed

Markantes, George; Saltamavros, Alexandros D; Vervita, Vasiliki; Armeni, Anastasia K; Karela, Anastasia; Adonakis, George; Decavalas, George; Georgopoulos, Neoklis A

2011-12-01

To investigate the influence of 6 months of treatment with an oral contraceptive (OC) containing 35 μ g ethinyl estradiol and 2 mg cyproterone acetate on plasma viscosity (PV) in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Patients with PCOS were assessed for PV before and after 6 months of treatment with an OC containing 35 μg ethinyl estradiol and 2 mg cyproterone acetate. PV was determined by a viscometer Type 53610/I SCHOTT-Instruments, Mainz at 37°C. Subjects were recruited from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology at the University Hospital of Patras, Greece. The study included 66 young women with PCOS. PV. In PCOS women as a whole, PV at baseline was 1.249 ± 0.049 mm(2)/s (n = 66). After 6 months of treatment with an OC containing 35 μg ethinyl estradiol and 2 mg cyproterone acetate, PV was increased to 1.268 ± 0.065 mm(2)/s (p = 0.038). The difference between PV before and after 6 months of treatment with an OC containing 35 μg ethinyl estradiol and 2 mg cyproterone acetate (Δviscosity) was 0.01864 ± 0.071452 mm(2)/s. ΔViscosity was related to ?fibrinogen (r = 0.270, p = 0.046), to Δhematocrit (r = 0.514, p = 0.09) and to Δtriglycerides (r = 0.292, p = 0.021). Young women with PCOS presented an increased PV under OC treatment with 35 μg ethinyl estradiol and 2 mg cyproterone acetate.

The Hematologic Definition of Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance in Relation to Paraproteinemic Keratopathy (An American Ophthalmological Society Thesis).

PubMed

Lisch, Walter; Wasielica-Poslednik, Joanna; Kivelä, Tero; Schlötzer-Schrehardt, Ursula; Rohrbach, Jens M; Sekundo, Walter; Pleyer, Uwe; Lisch, Christina; Desuki, Alexander; Rossmann, Heidi; Weiss, Jayne S

2016-08-01

To determine if paraproteinemic keratopathy (PPK) in the setting of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) causes distinct patterns of corneal opacification that can be distinguished from hereditary, immunologic, or inflammatory causes. A retrospective, interventional study of patients showed distinct bilateral opacity patterns of the cornea at the eye clinics of Hanau, Mainz, Helsinki, Marburg, and Berlin between 1993 and 2015. Data on patient characteristics and clinical features on ophthalmic examination were collected, and serum protein profiles were evaluated. A literature review and analysis of all published studies of MGUS with PPK is also presented. The largest group of patients diagnosed with MGUS-induced PPK is analyzed in this study. We studied 22 eyes of 11 patients (6 male, aged 43 to 65, mean age 54; 5 female, aged 49 to 76, mean age 61) with distinct corneal opacities and visual impairment who were first suspected of having hereditary, inflammatory, or immunologic corneal entities. Subsequently, serum protein electrophoresis revealed MGUS to be the cause of the PPK. Literature review revealed 72 patients with bilateral PPK (34 male, mean age 57; 38 female, mean age 58) in 51 studies of MGUS published from 1934 to 2015 and disclosed six additional corneal opacity patterns. This thesis shows that MGUS is not always an asymptomatic disorder, in contrast to the hematologic definition, which has no hint of PPK. The MGUS-induced PPK can mimic many other diseases of the anterior layer of the eye. A new clinical classification for PPK in MGUS is proposed.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Blomberg, Adam

Non-spherical components of the nucleon wave function are measured through p(e,e'p)π 0 experiment at the Δ +(1232) resonance for Q 2 = 0.04, 0.09, and 0.13 (GeV=c) 2 utilizing the Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab) pulsed beam and Hall A spectrometers. The new data extend the measurements of the Coulomb quadrupole amplitude to the lowest momentum transfer ever reached. The results disagree with predictions of constituent quark models and are in reasonable agreement with dynamical calculations that include pion cloud effects, chiral effective field theory and lattice calculations. The reported measurements indicate that improvement is required to the theoretical calculationsmore » and provide valuable input that will allow their refinements. The Coulomb to magnetic multipole ratio (CMR) and generalized polarizability (GP) of the nucleon are also measured through virtual Compton scattering (VCS) for Q 2 = 0.2(GeV=c) 2 utilizing the Mainz Microtron (MAMI) continuous beam and A1 spectrometers. This data represents the first low Q 2 GP measurement at the Δ +(1232) resonance. The GP measurement explores a region where previous data and theoretical calculations disagree. The CMR measurement will be the first VCS extraction to compare with world data generated through pion electroproduction. The Dispersion Relation (DR) model used for the VCS extraction provides a new theoretical framework for the data signal and backgrounds that is largely independent from the pion electroproduction models. The independence of the DR from the traditional models provides a strong crosscheck on the ability of the models to isolate the data signal.« less

Accuracy of metric sex analysis of skeletal remains using Fordisc based on a recent skull collection.

PubMed

Ramsthaler, F; Kreutz, K; Verhoff, M A

2007-11-01

It has been generally accepted in skeletal sex determination that the use of metric methods is limited due to the population dependence of the multivariate algorithms. The aim of the study was to verify the applicability of software-based sex estimations outside the reference population group for which discriminant equations have been developed. We examined 98 skulls from recent forensic cases of known age, sex, and Caucasian ancestry from cranium collections in Frankfurt and Mainz (Germany) to determine the accuracy of sex determination using the statistical software solution Fordisc which derives its database and functions from the US American Forensic Database. In a comparison between metric analysis using Fordisc and morphological determination of sex, average accuracy for both sexes was 86 vs 94%, respectively, and males were identified more accurately than females. The ratio of the true test result rate to the false test result rate was not statistically different for the two methodological approaches at a significance level of 0.05 but was statistically different at a level of 0.10 (p=0.06). Possible explanations for this difference comprise different ancestry, age distribution, and socio-economic status compared to the Fordisc reference sample. It is likely that a discriminant function analysis on the basis of more similar European reference samples will lead to more valid and reliable sexing results. The use of Fordisc as a single method for the estimation of sex of recent skeletal remains in Europe cannot be recommended without additional morphological assessment and without a built-in software update based on modern European reference samples.

Comprehensive clinical evaluation of a large Spanish family with Anderson-Fabry disease, novel GLA mutation and severe cardiac phenotype.

PubMed

San Román-Monserrat, Irene; Moreno-Flores, Victoria; López-Cuenca, David; Rodríguez-González-Herrero, Elena; Guillén-Navarro, Encarna; Rodríguez-González-Herrero, Beatriz; Alegría-Fernández, Marisol; Poza-Cisneros, Gabriela; Piñero-Fernández, Juan A; Sornichero-Martínez, Javier; Gimeno-Blanes, Juan R

2014-06-06

Fabry disease is an X-linked multisystemic lysosomal-storage condition. We describe a large family with a novel GLA mutation: p.M187R/g7219 T>G. Anamnesis/physical-exam, blood/urine analysis, α-Gal-A activity and/or genetic study of at-risk individuals and multidisciplinary evaluation in confirmed cases. 4 males and 13 heterozygous-females displayed the mutation. Cardiac/renal/neurological disease was diagnosed at a mean age of 41/29/39 years in males and 51/56/46 years in females. Onset mean age was 20 years versus 42 years. 9/15 had cardiomyopathy. Delta wave suggestive of accessory pathway was identified in 1 male and 2 females. 1 female had cardiac arrest (ventricular fibrillation, 61 years). 2 females and 1 male died suddenly (63, 64 and 57 years). Cardiac-subscore of Mainz Severity-Score-Index was severe for males and females over 40 years. 4/15(26%) developed early renal disease. 2 males needed dialysis. 1 male died at 69 years in spite of kidney-heart transplant. We describe the largest genetically confirmed Spanish family using multidisciplinary evaluation and MSSI calculation. The novel mutation p.M187R/g7219 T>G is associated with a particularly malignant cardiac phenotype in males and females over 40 years. Severity was higher than that of the largest Spanish FOS-cohort. Short-PR with delta is being reported for the first time. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier España, S.L. All rights reserved.

An optimized video system for augmented reality in endodontics: a feasibility study.

PubMed

Bruellmann, D D; Tjaden, H; Schwanecke, U; Barth, P

2013-03-01

We propose an augmented reality system for the reliable detection of root canals in video sequences based on a k-nearest neighbor color classification and introduce a simple geometric criterion for teeth. The new software was implemented using C++, Qt, and the image processing library OpenCV. Teeth are detected in video images to restrict the segmentation of the root canal orifices by using a k-nearest neighbor algorithm. The location of the root canal orifices were determined using Euclidean distance-based image segmentation. A set of 126 human teeth with known and verified locations of the root canal orifices was used for evaluation. The software detects root canals orifices for automatic classification of the teeth in video images and stores location and size of the found structures. Overall 287 of 305 root canals were correctly detected. The overall sensitivity was about 94 %. Classification accuracy for molars ranged from 65.0 to 81.2 % and from 85.7 to 96.7 % for premolars. The realized software shows that observations made in anatomical studies can be exploited to automate real-time detection of root canal orifices and tooth classification with a software system. Automatic storage of location, size, and orientation of the found structures with this software can be used for future anatomical studies. Thus, statistical tables with canal locations will be derived, which can improve anatomical knowledge of the teeth to alleviate root canal detection in the future. For this purpose the software is freely available at: http://www.dental-imaging.zahnmedizin.uni-mainz.de/.

Adjustment to chronic pain in back pain patients classified according to the motivational stages of chronic pain management.

PubMed

Zenker, Stefanie; Petraschka, Michael; Schenk, Michael; Reisshauer, Anett; Newie, Tanja; Hermanns, Kai; Wernecke, Klaus-Dieter; Spies, Claudia

2006-06-01

According to Prochaska's transtheoretical model, the Freiburg Questionnaire stages of chronic pain management (FQ-STAPM) were used to classify chronic back patients into 4 distinct motivational stages. The FQ-STAMP was completed by 163 chronic back pain patients. Pain chronicity was measured by the Mainz Pain Staging System; pain intensity was measured by the numeric rating scale. Healthcare system expenses were considered as number of consulted physicians, number of stays in hospital, and number of rehabilitation programs. As psychometric tests, the lower pain disability index (PDI), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and a quality of life score (SF36) were used. Patients were in the following motivational stages: precontemplation in 30%, preparation in 19%, action in 30%, maintenance in 21%. The intensity of pain in the precontemplation stage patients was significantly higher compared to patients in the maintenance stage. A lower pain chronicity was related to a significantly higher motivation. Moreover, there was a significant increase in healthcare system expenses by the lesser motivated patients. Patients in the maintenance stage used significantly less opioids than patients in the precontemplation stage. The higher motivated patients had a significantly lower PDI, a significantly lower HADS, and a significantly higher quality of life compared to less motivated patients. The study indicates that the FQ-STAPM might be a useful tool to classify chronic back pain patients and to work out a strategy together with the patient relevant to the outcome of pain management among chronic back pain patients.

Biopiracy of natural products and good bioprospecting practice.

PubMed

Efferth, Thomas; Banerjee, Mita; Paul, Norbert W; Abdelfatah, Sara; Arend, Joachim; Elhassan, Gihan; Hamdoun, Sami; Hamm, Rebecca; Hong, Chunlan; Kadioglu, Onat; Naß, Janine; Ochwangi, Dominic; Ooko, Edna; Ozenver, Nadire; Saeed, Mohamed E M; Schneider, Mathias; Seo, Ean-Jeong; Wu, Ching-Fen; Yan, Ge; Zeino, Maen; Zhao, Qiaoli; Abu-Darwish, Mohammad S; Andersch, Kai; Alexie, Gladys; Bessarab, Dawn; Bhakta-Guha, Dipita; Bolzani, Vanderlan; Dapat, Else; Donenko, Fedor V; Efferth, Monika; Greten, Henry J; Gunatilaka, Leslie; Hussein, Ahmed A; Karadeniz, Asuman; Khalid, Hassan E; Kuete, Victor; Lee, Ik-Soo; Liu, Liang; Midiwo, Jacob; Mora, Rodrigo; Nakagawa, Hiroshi; Ngassapa, Olipa; Noysang, Chanai; Omosa, Leonida K; Roland, Fred Hwiemtun; Shahat, Abdelaaty A; Saab, Antoine; Saeed, Elfatih M; Shan, Letian; Titinchi, Salam J J

2016-02-15

Biopiracy mainly focuses on the use of biological resources and/or knowledge of indigenous tribes or communities without allowing them to share the revenues generated out of economic exploitation or other non-monetary incentives associated with the resource/knowledge. Based on collaborations of scientists from five continents, we have created a communication platform to discuss not only scientific topics, but also more general issues with social relevance. This platform was termed 'PhytCancer -Phytotherapy to Fight Cancer' (www.phyt-cancer.uni-mainz.de). As a starting point, we have chosen the topic "biopiracy", since we feel this is of pragmatic significance for scientists working with medicinal plants. It was argued that the patenting of herbs or natural products by pharmaceutical corporations disregarded the ownership of the knowledge possessed by the indigenous communities on how these substances worked. Despite numerous court decisions in U.S.A. and Europe, several international treaties, (e.g. from United Nations, World Health Organization, World Trade Organization, the African Unity and others), sharing of a rational set of benefits amongst producers (mainly pharmaceutical companies) and indigenous communities is yet a distant reality. In this paper, we present an overview of the legal frameworks, discuss some exemplary cases of biopiracy and bioprospecting as excellent forms of utilization of natural resources. We suggest certain perspectives, by which we as scientists, may contribute towards prevention of biopiracy and also to foster the fair utilization of natural resources. We discuss ways, in which the interests of indigenous people especially from developing countries can be secured. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

The Hematologic Definition of Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance in Relation to Paraproteinemic Keratopathy (An American Ophthalmological Society Thesis)

PubMed Central

Lisch, Walter; Wasielica-Poslednik, Joanna; Kivelä, Tero; Schlötzer-Schrehardt, Ursula; Rohrbach, Jens M.; Sekundo, Walter; Pleyer, Uwe; Lisch, Christina; Desuki, Alexander; Rossmann, Heidi; Weiss, Jayne S.

2016-01-01

Purpose To determine if paraproteinemic keratopathy (PPK) in the setting of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) causes distinct patterns of corneal opacification that can be distinguished from hereditary, immunologic, or inflammatory causes. Methods A retrospective, interventional study of patients showed distinct bilateral opacity patterns of the cornea at the eye clinics of Hanau, Mainz, Helsinki, Marburg, and Berlin between 1993 and 2015. Data on patient characteristics and clinical features on ophthalmic examination were collected, and serum protein profiles were evaluated. A literature review and analysis of all published studies of MGUS with PPK is also presented. Results The largest group of patients diagnosed with MGUS-induced PPK is analyzed in this study. We studied 22 eyes of 11 patients (6 male, aged 43 to 65, mean age 54; 5 female, aged 49 to 76, mean age 61) with distinct corneal opacities and visual impairment who were first suspected of having hereditary, inflammatory, or immunologic corneal entities. Subsequently, serum protein electrophoresis revealed MGUS to be the cause of the PPK. Literature review revealed 72 patients with bilateral PPK (34 male, mean age 57; 38 female, mean age 58) in 51 studies of MGUS published from 1934 to 2015 and disclosed six additional corneal opacity patterns. Conclusions This thesis shows that MGUS is not always an asymptomatic disorder, in contrast to the hematologic definition, which has no hint of PPK. The MGUS-induced PPK can mimic many other diseases of the anterior layer of the eye. A new clinical classification for PPK in MGUS is proposed. PMID:28050052

Immersion freezing by SnomaxTM particles: Comparison of results from different instruments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wex, Heike; Stratmann, Frank; Rösch, Michael; Niedermeier, Dennis; Nilius, Björn; Möhler, Ottmar; Mitra, Subir K.; Koop, Thomas; Jantsch, Evelyn; Hiranuma, Naruki; Diehl, Karoline; Curtius, Joachim; Budke, Carsten; Boose, Yvonne; Augustin, Stefanie

2014-05-01

Within the DFG funded research unit INUIT (Ice Nucleation research UnIT, FOR 1525), an effort was made to compare results on immersion freezing from a suite of different instruments. Besides mineral dusts, SnomaxTM was picked as one of the substances that were examined by all participating groups. Here, the comparison of the results for SnomaxTM is presented. Every participating group used SnomaxTM from the same batch and, as far as possible, the same particle generation set-up. Instruments participating in the comparison were, in alphabetical order, an acoustic levitator (Diehl et al., 2009), AIDA (Connolly et al., 2009), BINARY (Budke et al., 2013), FINCH (Bundke et al., 2008), LACIS (Hartmann et al., 2011), PINC (Chou et al., 2011) and the Mainz vertical windtunnel (Diehl et al., 2011). Some of the instruments examined droplets directly produced from SnomaxTM suspensions, where the suspensions could have a wide range of concentrations. Other instruments used size segregated particles which were generated via atomization from a SnomaxTM suspension and subsequent drying, followed by size selection with a DMA (Differential Mobility Analyzer). These particles were then activated to droplets and cooled subsequently. For these, the number of ice nucleation active protein complexes present in the droplets depended on the original particle size (for details see e.g. Hartmann et al., 2013). Also, the different measurements spanned a range of different time scales. The shortest residence time of roughly 1 second was used for LACIS measurements, and the longest one was about 6 seconds used in the BINARY setup with a cooling rate of 1 K/min. All data were evaluated using two different approaches: 1) a time dependent approach following Classical Nucleation Theory which included the use of a contact angle distribution (see Niedermeier et al., 2014); 2) a singular approach using an active site density per mass (see Vali, 1971, Murray et al., 2012). Both approaches were found to work equally well, hence freezing by SnomaxTM can be considered to show no time dependence. Particularly data from LACIS and BINARY, i.e. from the "fastest" and "slowest" measurements, were found to agree very well. Acknowledgement: This work was done within the framework of the DFG funded Ice Nucleation research UnIT (INUIT, FOR 1525). Literature Budke et al. (2013), Investigation of Heterogeneous Ice Nucleation Using a Novel Optical Freezing Array, AIP Conference Proceedings, 1527, 949-951, doi: 10.1064/1.4803429. Bundke et al. (2008), The fast Ice Nucleus chamber FINCH, Atmos. Res. 90, 180-186. Chou et al. (2011), Ice nuclei properties within a Saharan dust event at the Jungfraujoch in the Swiss Alps, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 4725-4738. Connolly, et al. (2009), Studies of heterogeneous freezing by three different desert dust samples, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 2805-2824. Diehl et al. (2011), The Mainz vertical wind tunnel facility: A review of 25 years of laboratory experiments on cloud physics and chemistry. In: J.D. Pereira (Ed.), Wind tunnels: Aerodynamics, models, and experiments. Nova Science Publishers, Inc., Chapter 2. Diehl et al. (2009), Homogeneous freezing of single sulfuric and nitric acid solution drops levitated in an acoustic trap, Atm. Res., 94, 356-361, doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2009.06.001. Hartmann et al. (2011), Homogeneous and heterogeneous ice nucleation at LACIS: Operating principle and theoretical studies, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 1753-1767. Hartmann et al. (2013), Immersion freezing of ice nucleating active protein complexes, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 5751-5766. Murray et al. (2012), Ice nucleation by particles immersed in supercooled cloud droplets, Chem. Soc. Rev., 41, 6519-6554. Niedermeier et al. (2014), A computationally-efficient description of heterogeneous freezing: A simplified version of the Soccer ball model, Geophys. Res. Lett., 10.1002/2013GL058684. Vali, G. (1971), Quantitative evaluation of experimental results on heterogeneous freezing nucleation of supercooled liquids, J. Atmos. Sci., 28(3), 402-409.

Reworked planktonic Foraminifera from the Late Rupelian of the southern Upper Rhine Graben and their palaeogeographic and biostratigraphic implications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pirkenseer, C.; Spezzaferri, S.; Berger, J.-P.

2009-04-01

During the Late Rupelian the widespread second transgression (corresponding to international Ru2-3 transgressions; BERGER et al. 2005) affected the whole Upper Rhine Graben basin and led to the deposition of the several hundred meters thick marine "Série grise". An abrupt transition (erosion surface) between the uppermost "Série grise" and Niederroedern Formation indicates the change to fluviatile and lacustrine conditions throughout the basin close to the Late Rupelian / Early Chattian boundary. Abundant reworked Middle to Late Cretaceous (e.g., Marginotruncana pseudolinneiana) and Late Paleocene to Late Eocene (e.g., Acarinina bullbrooki, Morozovella subbotinae, Turborotalia cocoaensis) ranging planktonic Foraminifera occur in the "Série Grise" and equivalent lithological units of the Upper Rhine Graben and the Mainz Basin (e.g., FISCHER 1965, PIRKENSEER 2007, SCHÄFER & KUHN 2004). At least Late Cretaceous, Ypresian, Lutetian and Priabonian ages of source sediments are indicated by the overlapping biostratigraphic ranges of the reworked specimens. Abundant reworked material first appears in the lower "Couches à Mélettes" and reaches its acme in the increasingly "Marnes à Cyrènes" (terminal "Série grise"). Only sparse records are documented from the subsequent terrestrial Niederroedern Formation. These reworking events are linked to intervals of increased clastic input throughout the "Série grise". The planktonic Foraminifera are proposed to be reworked from related alpine deposits (later Helvetikum?) via a northwards trending fluviatile system, as no autochthonous Cretaceous and Early to Middle Eocene marine sediments were deposited within the graben basin. Furthermore other possible source areas (e.g., Paris Basin) were either not connected to the Upper Rhine Graben or were not subject to erosion in the Late Rupelian. This accords with the proposition (ROUSSÉ 2006) of a vast northwards prograding delta-system that was located close to the southern margin of the Upper Rhine Graben. Reworked Mesozoic and Paleogene calcareous nannoplankton from the Upper Rhine Graben and the Mainz Basin confirms the data derived from planktonic Foraminifera. The existence of reworked planktonic Foraminifera influences the biostratigraphic interpretation of the assemblage ranges attributed to "Série grise" samples. Facultatively reworked planktonic Foraminifera as Subbotina utilisindex and Pseudohastigerina micra ranging from the Lutetian to the Late Rupelian should not be included in the biostratigraphic analyses, as the occurrences of these facultatively reworked species are always linked to those of exclusively Cretaceous and Eocene age. Therefore the age of the "Série grise" deposits at Allschwil-2 is most likely to be placed within the "Chiloguembelina cubensis - Globigerinella obesa / Globorotaloides variabilis"-assemblage range of Mid P20 to Final P21a, lasting considerably longer than the very short Mid P20 range based on the presence of Pseudohastigerina micra as "last occurrence"-marker (PIRKENSEER 2007). This study was funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation projects 109457 and 118025. References: BERGER, J.-P., REICHENBACHER, B., BECKER, D., et al. (2005): Eocene-Pliocene time scale and stratigraphy of the Upper Rhine Graben (URG) and the Swiss Molasse Basin (SMB). - International Journal of Earth Sciences, 94, 4: 711-731. FISCHER, H. (1965): Geologie des Gebietes zwischen Blauen und Pfirter Jura. - Beiträge zur geologischen Karte der Schweiz, NF 122: 106p. PIRKENSEER, C. (2007): Foraminifera, Ostracoda and other microfossils of the Southern Upper Rhine Graben - Palaeoecology, biostratigraphy, palaeogeography and geodynamic implications. - PhD thesis: 340p, Fribourg. ROUSSÉ, S. (2006): Architecture et dynamique des séries marines et continentales de ĺOligocène Moyen et Supérieur du Sud du Fossé Rhénan: Evolution des milieux de dépôt en contexte de rift en marge de ĺavant-pays alpin. - PhD: 471p, Strasbourg. SCHÄFER, P. & KUHN, W. (2004): Mikropaläontologische und lithologische Abgrenzungskriterien zwischen Oberem Rupelton [= Rosenberg-Subformation] und "Schleichsand" [= Stadecken-Formation] im Rupelium (Tertiär) des Mainzer Beckens. - Mainzer geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen, 32: 139-178.

Assembly of NASA's Most Powerful X-Ray Telescope Completed

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

1998-03-01

Assembly of the world's most powerful X-ray telescope, NASA's Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility, was completed last week with the installation of its power-generating twin solar panels. The observatory is scheduled for launch aboard Space Shuttle mission STS-93, in December 1998. The last major components of the observatory were bolted and pinned into place March 4 at TRW Space & Electronics Group in Redondo Beach, Calif., and pre-launch testing of the fully assembled observatory began March 7. "Completion of the observatory's assembly process is a big step forward toward launch scheduled for the end of this year," said Fred Wojtalik, manager of the Observatory Projects Office at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Ala. "With all the major components in place, we are now concentrating on a thorough pre-launch checkout of the observatory." "We're delighted to reach this major milestone for the program," said Craig Staresinich, TRW's Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility program manager. "The entire observatory team has worked hard to get to this point and will continue an exhaustive test program to ensure mission success. We're looking forward to delivering a truly magnificent new space capability to NASA later this summer." The first pre-launch test of the Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility was an acoustic test, which simulated the sound pressure environment inside the Space Shuttle cargo bay during launch. A thorough electrical checkout before and after the acoustic test verifies that the observatory and its science instruments can withstand the extreme sound levels and vibrations that accompany launch. "With 10 times the resolution and 50-100 times the sensitivity of any previous X-ray telescope, this observatory will provide us with a new perspective of our universe," said the project's chief scientist, Dr. Martin Weisskopf of Marshall Center. "We'll be able to study sources of X-rays throughout the universe, like colliding galaxies and black holes, many of which are invisible to us now. We may even see the processes that create the elements found here on Earth." Assembly of the observatory began in 1997 with the arrival of the high resolution mirror assembly at TRW Space and Electronics Group. In August 1997, the telescope's optical bench was mated with the mirrors, followed by integration of the telescope with the spacecraft in October. In February 1998, the observatory's science instrument module was mated to the top of the telescope. The complete observatory is 45 feet long, has a solar array wing span 64 feet wide, and weighs more than 5 tons. Using glass purchased from Schott Glaswerke, Mainz, Germany, the telescope's mirrors were built by Raytheon Optical Systems Inc., Danbury, Conn. The mirrors were coated by Optical Coating Laboratory Inc., Santa Rosa, Calif.; and assembled by Eastman-Kodak Co., Rochester, N.Y. The observatory's charged coupled device imaging spectrometer was developed by Pennsylvania State University at University Park, and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), at Cambridge. One diffraction grating was developed by MIT, the other by the Space Research Organization Netherlands, Utrecht, in collaboration with the Max Planck Institute, Garching, Germany. The high resolution camera instrument was built by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corporation of Boulder, Colo., developed the science instrument module. The Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility program is managed by the Marshall Center for the Office of Space Science, NASA Headquarters, Washington, D.C. The Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory in Cambridge, Mass., will operate the observatory for NASA. NOTE TO EDITORS: A photo of the integrated telescope is available via the World Wide Web at URL: http://chandra.harvard.edu/press/images.html Prepared by John Bryk

Five years of NO2 Mobile-DOAS measurements in Europe: an overview

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Merlaud, Alexis; Fayt, Caroline; Pinardi, Gaia; Tack, Frederik; Hendrick, François; Le Roux, Anabel-Lise; Constantin, Daniel-Eduard; Voiculescu, Mirela; Shaiganfar, Reza; Wagner, Thomas; Van Roozendael, Michel

2014-05-01

Since the CINDI campaign held in the Netherlands in July 2009, BIRA-IASB has been operating a car-based mobile-DOAS system, primarily dedicated to tropospheric NO2 measurements. The instrument is based on two similar compact spectrometers and records scattered light spectra simultaneously in the zenith direction and 30° above the horizon, following the MAX-DOAS approach. After CINDI, Mobile-DOAS measurements were performed on a routine basis between March 2010 and August 2011, mostly across Belgium, but also in Luxembourg, France, and Germany. From 2011, another BIRA-IASB mobile-DOAS instrument, using a single zenith channel, was operated in Romania through a collaboration with the University of Galati. In June 2013, these two mobile-DOAS instruments took part in the MADCAT campaign in Mainz, Germany, together with the MPIC mobile-DOAS system, based on a mini MAX-DOAS. We describe the BIRA-IASB instruments, our strategy to retrieve the NO2 tropospheric column, and the large database that was constituted. The latter is particularly interesting for its size: it covers some 500 hours of measurements and 20 000 km, including rural, periurban and urban areas with different air quality conditions. A 2011 cloud-free subset of the measurements is compared with OMI data. We also present preliminary results of an intercomparison between the three mobile-DOAS instruments operated during MADCAT. The high spatial frequency of the measurements (around 100 m) makes them valuable to study the NO2 horizontal gradients in polluted areas. This has implications in the context of air quality satellite validation studies, in which the variability of NO2 inside a satellite pixel must be taken into account.

Pars plana vitrectomy for visually disturbing vitreous floaters in pseudophacic eyes.

PubMed

Stoffelns, B M; Vetter, J; Keicher, A; Mirshahi, A

2011-04-01

The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of vitrectomy in patients with visually disturbing vitreous opacities. A retrospective analysis of the patient characteristics and the outcome of all pseudophacic eyes, which consecutively received in the decade 1996 to 2005 20 G pars plana vitrectomy for visually disturbing floaters, was carried out at the Mainz University Eye Clinic. Forty-one eyes of 32 patients (63 % university graduates, median age: 64 years) were included in the study. The mean axial length of the globe was 25.3 mm (range: 22.8 to 28.9 mm). Additional pathologies having influence on the vitreous condition were history of laser or cryo retinopexy (12 ×), buckle surgery (5 ×), complicated cataract surgery (16 ×) and Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy (4 ×). Vitreous floaters were considered to be the result of posterior vitreous detachment alone in 61 %, of asteroid hyalosis accompanied by posterior vitreous detachment in 17 %, and vitreous syneresis in 15 % of the eyes. Intraoperatively retinopexy with endolaser or cryo was performed in 6 % of cases. A secondary retinal detachment occurred in one eye (2 %). Thirty-one of 32 patients reported to be very satisfied with the postoperative result. Objectively, their visual acuity was better than or equal to preoperative acuity in 95 % of the eyes. Pars plana vitrectomy provides a highly effective treatment for visually disturbing vitreous floaters. In an era in which the expectations and demands of individuals on the quality of vision and life have increased significantly, with careful case selection the benefits of the surgical intervention may outweigh the surgical risks. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

An electron fixed target experiment to search for a new vector boson A' decaying to e +e -

DOE PAGES

Rouven Essig; Schuster, Philip; Toro, Natalia; ...

2011-02-02

We describe an experiment to search for a new vector boson A' with weak coupling alpha' > 6 x 10 –8 α to electrons (α' = e 2/4π) in the mass range 65 MeV < m A' < 550 MeV. New vector bosons with such small couplings arise naturally from a small kinetic mixing of the "dark photon" A' with the photon -- one of the very few ways in which new forces can couple to the Standard Model -- and have received considerable attention as an explanation of various dark matter related anomalies. A' bosons are produced by radiationmore » off an electron beam, and could appear as narrow resonances with small production cross-section in the trident e +e - spectrum. We summarize the experimental approach described in a proposal submitted to Jefferson Laboratory's PAC35, PR-10-009. This experiment, the A' Experiment (APEX), uses the electron beam of the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility at Jefferson Laboratory (CEBAF) at energies of ~1-4 GeV incident on 0.5-10% radiation length Tungsten wire mesh targets, and measures the resulting e+e- pairs to search for the A' using the High Resolution Spectrometer and the septum magnet in Hall A. With a ~1 month run, APEX will achieve very good sensitivity because the statistics of e+e- pairs will be ~10,000 times larger in the explored mass range than any previous search for the A' boson. These statistics and the excellent mass resolution of the spectrometers allow sensitivity to α'/α one to three orders of magnitude below current limits, in a region of parameter space of great theoretical and phenomenological interest. Similar experiments could also be performed at other facilities, such as the Mainz Microtron.« less

Impact of Non-Uniformity in Light Collection on the Energy Resolution of the PANDA Electromagnetic Calorimeter at Photon Energies Below 1 GeV

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Diehl, Stefan; Brinkmann, Kai-Thomas; Drexler, Peter; Dormenev, Valery; Novotny, Rainer W.; Rosenbaum, Christoph; Zaunick, Hans-Georg; PANDA-Collaboration

2017-11-01

The electromagnetic calorimeter (EMC) of the PANDA detector at the future FAIR facility comprises more than 15,000 lead tungstate (PWO) crystals. The barrel part will consist of 11 crystal geometries with different degree of tapering, which causes a non-uniformity in light collection as an interplay between the focusing and the internal absorption of the light. For the most tapered crystals the detected light is enhanced by 40%, if the scintillation process is created in the front part of the crystal. Due to the shower development and its fluctuations the non-uniformity leads to a reduction of the energy resolution. To reduce this effect, one lateral crystal side face has been de-polished to a roughness of 0.3 μm. Measurements confirm an increase of the light yield in the rear part of the crystal. In contrast, only a slight decrease can be observed in the front part. The overall non-uniformity is significantly reduced below 5%. This paper will discuss the experimental studies based on GEANT4 and optical simulations to understand the impact of a de-polished side face on the light collection. For consequences on the future performance, a 3×3 sub-array of de-polished crystals was directly studied using a tagged photon beam in the energy range from 50 MeV up to 800 MeV, respectively, performed at the tagged photon facility at MAMI, Mainz. The comparison to an array composed of polished crystals confirms a significant improvement of the constant term of the energy resolution from above 2 % down to 0.5 % and only a small increase of the statistical term. The results can be reproduced in GEANT4 simulations.

The Evonik-Mainz Eye Care-Study (EMECS): Development of an Expert System for Glaucoma Risk Detection in a Working Population

PubMed Central

Wahl, Jochen; Barleon, Lorenz; Morfeld, Peter; Lichtmeß, Andrea; Haas-Brähler, Sibylle; Pfeiffer, Norbert

2016-01-01

Purpose To develop an expert system for glaucoma screening in a working population based on a human expert procedure using images of optic nerve head (ONH), visual field (frequency doubling technology, FDT) and intraocular pressure (IOP). Methods 4167 of 13037 (32%) employees between 40 and 65 years of Evonik Industries were screened. An experienced glaucoma expert (JW) assessed papilla parameters and evaluated all individual screening results. His classification into “no glaucoma”, “possible glaucoma” and “probable glaucoma” was defined as “gold standard”. A screening model was developed which was tested versus the gold-standard. This model took into account the assessment of the ONH. Values and relationships of CDR and IOP and the FDT were considered additionally and a glaucoma score was generated. The structure of the screening model was specified a priori whereas values of the parameters were chosen post-hoc to optimize sensitivity and specificity of the algorithm. Simple screening models based on IOP and / or FDT were investigated for comparison. Results 111 persons (2.66%) were classified as glaucoma suspects, thereof 13 (0.31%) as probable and 98 (2.35%) as possible glaucoma suspects by the expert. Re-evaluation by the screening model revealed a sensitivity of 83.8% and a specificity of 99.6% for all glaucoma suspects. The positive predictive value of the model was 80.2%, the negative predictive value 99.6%. Simple screening models showed insufficient diagnostic accuracy. Conclusion Adjustment of ONH and symmetry parameters with respect to excavation and IOP in an expert system produced sufficiently satisfying diagnostic accuracy. This screening model seems to be applicable in such a working population with relatively low age and low glaucoma prevalence. Different experts should validate the model in different populations. PMID:27479301

Low Emittance Guns for the ILC Polarized Electron Beam

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Clendenin, J. E.; Brachmann, A.; Ioakeimidi, K.

Polarized electron beams generated by DC guns are routinely available at several accelerators including JLAB, Mainz and SLAC. These guns operate with a cathode bias on the order of -100 kV. To minimize space charge effects, relatively long bunches are generated at the gun and then compressed longitudinally external to the gun just before and during initial acceleration. For linear colliders, this compression is accomplished using a combination of rf bunchers. For the basic design of the International Linear Collider (ILC), a 120 kV DC photocathode gun is used to produce a series of nanosecond bunches that are each compressedmore » by two sub-harmonic bunchers (SHBs) followed by an L-band buncher and capture section. The longitudinal bunching process results in a significantly higher emittance than produced by the gun alone. While high-energy experiments using polarized beams are not generally sensitive to the source emittance, there are several benefits to a lower source emittance including a simpler more efficient injector system and a lower radiation load during transport especially at bends as at the damping ring. For the ILC, the SHBs could be eliminated if the voltage of the gun is raised sufficiently. Simulations using the General Particle Tracer (GPT) package indicate that a cathode bias voltage of {>=}200 kV should allow both SHBs to be operated at 433 or even 650 MHz, while {>=}500 kV would be required to eliminate the SHBs altogether. Simulations can be used to determine the minimum emittance possible if the injector is designed for a given increased voltage. A possible alternative to the DC gun is an rf gun. Emittance compensation, routinely used with rf guns, is discussed for higher-voltage DC guns.« less

Low Emittance Guns for the ILC Polarized Electron Beam

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Clendenin, J.E.; Brachmann, A.; Ioakeimidi, K.

Polarized electron beams generated by DC guns are routinely available at several accelerators including JLAB, Mainz and SLAC. These guns operate with a cathode bias on the order of -100 kV. To minimize space charge effects, relatively long bunches are generated at the gun and then compressed longitudinally external to the gun just before and during initial acceleration. For linear colliders, this compression is accomplished using a combination of rf bunchers. For the basic design of the International Linear Collider (ILC), a 120 kV DC photocathode gun is used to produce a series of nanosecond bunches that are each compressedmore » by two sub-harmonic bunchers (SHBs) followed by an L-band buncher and capture section. The longitudinal bunching process results in a significantly higher emittance than produced by the gun alone. While high-energy experiments using polarized beams are not generally sensitive to the source emittance, there are several benefits to a lower source emittance including a simpler more efficient injector system and a lower radiation load during transport especially at bends as at the damping ring. For the ILC, the SHBs could be eliminated if the voltage of the gun is raised sufficiently. Simulations using the General Particle Tracer (GPT) package indicate that a cathode bias voltage of {ge}200 kV should allow both SHBs to be operated at 433 or even 650 MHz, while {ge}500 kV would be required to eliminate the SHBs altogether. Simulations can be used to determine the minimum emittance possible if the injector is designed for a given increased voltage. A possible alternative to the DC gun is an rf gun. Emittance compensation, routinely used with rf guns, is discussed for higher-voltage DC guns.« less

Patients with Fabry Disease after Enzyme Replacement Therapy Dose Reduction and Switch-2-Year Follow-Up.

PubMed

Lenders, Malte; Canaan-Kühl, Sima; Krämer, Johannes; Duning, Thomas; Reiermann, Stefanie; Sommer, Claudia; Stypmann, Jörg; Blaschke, Daniela; Üçeyler, Nurcan; Hense, Hans-Werner; Brand, Stefan-Martin; Wanner, Christoph; Weidemann, Frank; Brand, Eva

2016-03-01

Because of the shortage of agalsidase-β supply between 2009 and 2012, patients with Fabry disease either were treated with reduced doses or were switched to agalsidase-α. In this observational study, we assessed end organ damage and clinical symptoms with special focus on renal outcome after 2 years of dose-reduction and/or switch to agalsidase-α. A total of 89 adult patients with Fabry disease who had received agalsidase-β (1.0 mg/kg body wt) for >1 year were nonrandomly assigned to continue this treatment regimen (regular-dose group, n=24), to receive a reduced dose of 0.3-0.5 mg/kg and a subsequent switch to 0.2 mg/kg agalsidase-α (dose-reduction-switch group, n=28), or to directly switch to 0.2 mg/kg agalsidase-α (switch group, n=37) and were followed-up for 2 years. We assessed clinical events (death, myocardial infarction, severe arrhythmia, stroke, progression to ESRD), changes in cardiac and renal function, Fabry-related symptoms (pain, hypohidrosis, diarrhea), and disease severity scores. Determination of renal function by creatinine and cystatin C-based eGFR revealed decreasing eGFRs in the dose-reduction-switch group and the switch group. The Mainz Severity Score Index increased significantly in these two groups (P=0.02 and P<0.001, respectively), and higher frequencies of gastrointestinal pain occurred during follow-up. In conclusion, after 2 years of observation, all groups showed a stable clinical disease course with respect to serious clinical events. However, patients under agalsidase-β dose-reduction and switch or a direct switch to agalsidase-α showed a decline of renal function independent of the eGFR formula used. Copyright © 2016 by the American Society of Nephrology.

Patients with Fabry Disease after Enzyme Replacement Therapy Dose Reduction Versus Treatment Switch

PubMed Central

Krämer, Johannes; Duning, Thomas; Lenders, Malte; Canaan-Kühl, Sima; Krebs, Alice; González, Hans Guerrero; Sommer, Claudia; Üçeyler, Nurcan; Niemann, Markus; Störk, Stefan; Schelleckes, Michael; Reiermann, Stefanie; Stypmann, Jörg; Brand, Stefan-Martin; Wanner, Christoph; Brand, Eva

2014-01-01

Because of the shortage of agalsidase-beta in 2009, many patients with Fabry disease were treated with lower doses or were switched to agalsidase-alfa. This observational study assessed end-organ damage and clinical symptoms during dose reduction or switch to agalsidase-alfa. A total of 105 adult patients with Fabry disease who had received agalsidase-beta (1.0 mg/kg body weight) for ≥1 year were nonrandomly assigned to continue this treatment regimen (regular-dose group, n=38), receive a reduced dose of 0.3–0.5 mg/kg (dose-reduction group, n=29), or switch to 0.2 mg/kg agalsidase-alfa (switch group) and were followed prospectively for 1 year. We assessed clinical events (death, myocardial infarction, severe arrhythmia, stroke, progression to ESRD); changes in cardiac, renal, and neurologic function; and Fabry-related symptoms (neuropathic pain, hypohidrosis, diarrhea, and disease severity scores). Organ function and Fabry-related symptoms remained stable in the regular-dose group. In contrast, estimated GFR decreased by about 3 ml/min per 1.73 m2 (P=0.01) in the dose-reduction group, and the median albumin-to-creatinine ratio increased from 114 (0–606) mg/g to 216 (0–2062) mg/g (P=0.03) in the switch group. Furthermore, mean Mainz Severity Score Index scores and frequencies of pain attacks, chronic pain, gastrointestinal pain, and diarrhea increased significantly in the dose-reduction and switch groups. In conclusion, patients receiving regular agalsidase-beta dose had a stable disease course, but dose reduction led to worsening of renal function and symptoms. Switching to agalsidase-alfa is safe, but microalbuminuria may progress and Fabry-related symptoms may deteriorate. PMID:24556354

Patients with Fabry Disease after Enzyme Replacement Therapy Dose Reduction and Switch–2-Year Follow-Up

PubMed Central

Lenders, Malte; Canaan-Kühl, Sima; Krämer, Johannes; Duning, Thomas; Reiermann, Stefanie; Sommer, Claudia; Stypmann, Jörg; Blaschke, Daniela; Üçeyler, Nurcan; Hense, Hans-Werner; Brand, Stefan-Martin; Wanner, Christoph; Weidemann, Frank

2016-01-01

Because of the shortage of agalsidase-β supply between 2009 and 2012, patients with Fabry disease either were treated with reduced doses or were switched to agalsidase-α. In this observational study, we assessed end organ damage and clinical symptoms with special focus on renal outcome after 2 years of dose-reduction and/or switch to agalsidase-α. A total of 89 adult patients with Fabry disease who had received agalsidase-β (1.0 mg/kg body wt) for >1 year were nonrandomly assigned to continue this treatment regimen (regular-dose group, n=24), to receive a reduced dose of 0.3–0.5 mg/kg and a subsequent switch to 0.2 mg/kg agalsidase-α (dose-reduction-switch group, n=28), or to directly switch to 0.2 mg/kg agalsidase-α (switch group, n=37) and were followed-up for 2 years. We assessed clinical events (death, myocardial infarction, severe arrhythmia, stroke, progression to ESRD), changes in cardiac and renal function, Fabry-related symptoms (pain, hypohidrosis, diarrhea), and disease severity scores. Determination of renal function by creatinine and cystatin C–based eGFR revealed decreasing eGFRs in the dose-reduction-switch group and the switch group. The Mainz Severity Score Index increased significantly in these two groups (P=0.02 and P<0.001, respectively), and higher frequencies of gastrointestinal pain occurred during follow-up. In conclusion, after 2 years of observation, all groups showed a stable clinical disease course with respect to serious clinical events. However, patients under agalsidase-β dose-reduction and switch or a direct switch to agalsidase-α showed a decline of renal function independent of the eGFR formula used. PMID:26185201

Patients with Fabry disease after enzyme replacement therapy dose reduction versus treatment switch.

PubMed

Weidemann, Frank; Krämer, Johannes; Duning, Thomas; Lenders, Malte; Canaan-Kühl, Sima; Krebs, Alice; Guerrero González, Hans; Sommer, Claudia; Üçeyler, Nurcan; Niemann, Markus; Störk, Stefan; Schelleckes, Michael; Reiermann, Stefanie; Stypmann, Jörg; Brand, Stefan-Martin; Wanner, Christoph; Brand, Eva

2014-04-01

Because of the shortage of agalsidase-beta in 2009, many patients with Fabry disease were treated with lower doses or were switched to agalsidase-alfa. This observational study assessed end-organ damage and clinical symptoms during dose reduction or switch to agalsidase-alfa. A total of 105 adult patients with Fabry disease who had received agalsidase-beta (1.0 mg/kg body weight) for ≥1 year were nonrandomly assigned to continue this treatment regimen (regular-dose group, n=38), receive a reduced dose of 0.3-0.5 mg/kg (dose-reduction group, n=29), or switch to 0.2 mg/kg agalsidase-alfa (switch group) and were followed prospectively for 1 year. We assessed clinical events (death, myocardial infarction, severe arrhythmia, stroke, progression to ESRD); changes in cardiac, renal, and neurologic function; and Fabry-related symptoms (neuropathic pain, hypohidrosis, diarrhea, and disease severity scores). Organ function and Fabry-related symptoms remained stable in the regular-dose group. In contrast, estimated GFR decreased by about 3 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) (P=0.01) in the dose-reduction group, and the median albumin-to-creatinine ratio increased from 114 (0-606) mg/g to 216 (0-2062) mg/g (P=0.03) in the switch group. Furthermore, mean Mainz Severity Score Index scores and frequencies of pain attacks, chronic pain, gastrointestinal pain, and diarrhea increased significantly in the dose-reduction and switch groups. In conclusion, patients receiving regular agalsidase-beta dose had a stable disease course, but dose reduction led to worsening of renal function and symptoms. Switching to agalsidase-alfa is safe, but microalbuminuria may progress and Fabry-related symptoms may deteriorate.

Seasonal cycle and temperature dependence of pinene oxidation products, dicarboxylic acids and nitrophenols in fine and coarse air particulate matter

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Y. Y.; Müller, L.; Winterhalter, R.; Moortgat, G. K.; Hoffmann, T.; Pöschl, U.

2010-08-01

Filter samples of fine and coarse air particulate matter (PM) collected over a period of one year in central Europe (Mainz, Germany) were analyzed for water-soluble organic compounds (WSOCs), including the α- and β-pinene oxidation products pinic acid, pinonic acid and 3-methyl-1,2,3-butanetricarboxylic acid (3-MBTCA), as well as a variety of dicarboxylic acids and nitrophenols. Seasonal variations and other characteristic features in fine, coarse, and total PM (TSP) are discussed with regard to aerosol sources and sinks in comparison to data from other studies and regions. The ratios of adipic acid and phthalic acid to azelaic acid indicate that the investigated aerosol samples were mainly influenced by biogenic sources. A strong Arrhenius-type correlation was found between the 3-MBTCA concentration and inverse temperature (R2 = 0.79, n = 52, Ea = 126 ± 10 kJ mol-1, temperature range 275-300 K). Model calculations suggest that the temperature dependence observed for 3-MBTCA can be explained by enhanced photochemical production due to an increase of hydroxyl radical (OH) concentration with increasing temperature, whereas the influence of gas-particle partitioning appears to play a minor role. The results indicate that the OH-initiated oxidation of pinonic acid is the rate-limiting step in the formation of 3-MBTCA, and that 3-MBTCA may be a suitable tracer for the chemical aging of biogenic secondary organic aerosol (SOA) by OH radicals. An Arrhenius-type temperature dependence was also observed for the concentration of pinic acid (R2 = 0.60, n = 56, Ea = 84 ± 9 kJ mol-1); it can be tentatively explained by the temperature dependence of biogenic pinene emission as the rate-limiting step of pinic acid formation.

Seasonal cycle and temperature dependence of pinene oxidation products, dicarboxylic acids and nitrophenols in fine and coarse air particulate matter

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Y.; Müller, L.; Winterhalter, R.; Moortgat, G. K.; Hoffmann, T.; Pöschl, U.

2010-05-01

Filter samples of fine and coarse air particulate matter (PM) collected over a period of one year in central Europe (Mainz, Germany) were analyzed for water-soluble organic compounds (WSOCs), including the α- and β-pinene oxidation products pinic acid, pinonic acid and 3-methyl-1,2,3-butanetricarboxylic acid (3-MBTCA), as well as a variety of dicarboxylic acids and nitrophenols. Seasonal variations and other characteristic features in fine, coarse, and total PM (TSP) are discussed with regard to aerosol sources and sinks in comparison to data from other studies and regions. The ratios of adipic acid and phthalic acid to azelaic acid indicate that the investigated samples were mainly influenced by biogenic sources. A strong Arrhenius-type correlation was found between the 3-MBTCA concentration and inverse temperature (R2=0.79, n=52, Ea=126±10 kJ mol-1, temperature range 275-300 K). Model calculations suggest that the temperature dependence observed for 3-MBTCA can be explained by enhanced photochemical production due to an increase of hydroxyl radical (OH) concentration with increasing temperature, whereas the influence of gas-particle partitioning appears to play a minor role. The results indicate that the OH-initiated oxidation of pinonic acid is the rate-limiting step in the formation of 3-MBTCA, and that 3-MBTCA may be a suitable tracer for the chemical aging of biogenic secondary organic aerosol (SOA) by OH radicals. An Arrhenius-type temperature dependence was also observed for the concentration of pinic acid (R2=0.60, n=56, Ea=84±9 kJ mol-1); it can be tentatively explained by the temperature dependence of biogenic pinene emission as the rate-limiting step of pinic acid formation.

Cadaveric study of movement in the unstable upper cervical spine during emergency management: tracheal intubation and cervical spine immobilisation—a study protocol for a prospective randomised crossover trial

PubMed Central

Popp, Erik; Hüttlin, Petra; Weilbacher, Frank; Münzberg, Matthias; Schneider, Niko; Kreinest, Michael

2017-01-01

Introduction Emergency management of upper cervical spine injuries often requires cervical spine immobilisation and some critical patients also require airway management. The movement of cervical spine created by tracheal intubation and cervical spine immobilisation can potentially exacerbate cervical spinal cord injury. However, the evidence that previous studies have provided remains unclear, due to lack of a direct measurement technique for dural sac's space during dynamic processes. Our study will use myelography method and a wireless human motion tracker to characterise and compare the change of dural sac's space during tracheal intubations and cervical spine immobilisation in the presence of unstable upper cervical spine injury such as atlanto-occipital dislocation or type II odontoid fracture. Methods and analysis Perform laryngoscopy and intubation, video laryngoscope intubation, laryngeal tube insertion, fiberoptic intubation and cervical collar application on cadaveric models of unstable upper cervical spine injury such as atlanto-occipital dislocation or type II odontoid fracture. The change of dural sac's space and the motion of unstable cervical segment are recorded by video fluoroscopy with previously performing myelography, which enables us to directly measure dural sac's space. Simultaneously, the whole cervical spine motion is recorded at a wireless human motion tracker. The maximum dural sac compression and the maximum angulation and distraction of the injured segment are measured by reviewing fluoroscopic and myelography images. Ethics and dissemination This study protocol has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the State Medical Association Rhineland-Palatinate, Mainz, Germany. The results will be published in relevant emergency journals and presented at relevant conferences. Trial registration number DRKS00010499. PMID:28864483

The stonehenge technique: a new method of crystal alignment for coherent bremsstrahlung experiments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Livingston, Kenneth

2005-08-01

In the coherent bremsstrahlung technique a thin diamond crystal oriented correctly in an electron beam can produce photons with a high degree of linear polarization.1 The crystal is mounted on a goniometer to control its orientation and it is necessary to measure the angular offsets a) between the crystal axes and the goniometer axes and b) between the goniometer and the electron beam axis. A method for measuring these offsets and aligning the crystal was developed by Lohman et al, and has been used successfully in Mainz.2 However, recent attempts to investigate new crystals have shown that this approach has limitations which become more serious at higher beam energies where more accurate setting of the crystal angles, which scale with l/Ebeam, is required. (Eg. the recent installation of coherent bremsstrahlung facility at Jlab, with Ebeam = 6 GeV ) This paper describes a new, more general alignment technique, which overcomes these limitations. The technique is based on scans where the horizontal and vertical rotation axes of the goniometer are adjusted in a series of steps to make the normal to the crystal describe a cone of a given angle. For each step in the scan, the photon energy spectrum is measured using a tagging spectrometer, and the offsets between the electron beam and the crystal lattice are inferred from the resulting 2D plot. Using this method, it is possible to align the crystal with the beam quickly, and hence to set any desired orientation of the crystal relative to the beam. This is essential for any experiment requiring linearly polarized photons produced via coherent bremsstrahlung, and is also required for a systematic study of the channeling radiation produced by the electron beam incident on the crystal.

Characteristic length of glass transition

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Donth, E.

1996-03-01

The characteristic length of the glass transition (ξ _α ) is based on the concept of cooperatively rearranging regions (CRR's) by Adam & Gibbs (1965): ξ _α is the diameter of one CRR. In the theoretical part of the talk a formula is derived how this length can be calculated from calorimetric data of the transformation interval. The approach is based on fluctuations in natural functional subsystems. The corresponding thermodynamics is represented e.g. in a book of the author (E. Donth, Relaxation and Thermodynamics in Polymers. Glass Transition, Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1992). A typical value for this length is 3 nanometers. In the experimental part several examples are reported to enlarge the experimental evidence for such a length: Squeezing the glass transition in the amorphous layers of partially crystallized PET (C. Schick, Rostock), glass transition of small-molecule glass formers in a series of nanoscaled pores of porous glasses (F. Kremer, Leipzig), comparison with a concentration fluctuation model in homogeneous polymer mixtures (E.W. Fischer, Mainz), and, from our laboratory, backscaling to ξ _α across the main transition from the entanglement spacing in several amorphous polymers such as PVAC, PS, NR, and some polymer networks. Rouse backscaling was possible in the α β splitting region of several poly(n alkyl methacrylates) resulting in small characteristic lengths of order 1 nanometer near the onset of α cooperativity. In a speculative outlook a dynamic density pattern is presented, having a cellular structure with higher density and lower mobility of the cell walls. It will be explained, with the aid of different thermal expansion of wall and clusters, how the clusters within the cells maintain a certain mobility far below the glass temperature.

Illness Perception and Clinical Treatment Experiences in Patients with M. Maroteaux-Lamy (Mucopolysaccharidosis Type VI) and a Turkish Migration Background in Germany

PubMed Central

Dilger, Hansjörg; Leissner, Linn; Bosanska, Lenka; Lampe, Christina; Plöckinger, Ursula

2013-01-01

Introduction Mucopolysaccharidosis VI (MPS VI) is an inherited lysosomal storage disease caused by a mutation of the gene for arylsulfatase B (ASB). Of the thirty-one patients registered in Germany, almost fifty percent have a Turkish migration background. MPS VI is treated by enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), which is time-consuming and expensive. Methods This interdisciplinary study explored the illness perceptions and clinical treatment experiences among ten MPS VI patients with a Turkish migration background in two centers for metabolic diseases (Berlin and Mainz, Germany). The clinical treatment situation was observed and semi-structured interviews were conducted with patients and health care personnel, in addition to participatory observation in four patients' everyday environments in Berlin. The data from the interviews, patient records, and personal field notes were encoded, cross-related, and analyzed. Results Patients' acknowledgement of the disease and coping strategies are influenced predominantly by the perception of their individual health status and the handling of the disease within their family. Patients' willingness to cooperate with treatment strategies is further modified by their knowledge of the disease and the relationships with their health care providers. In this analysis, cultural factors turned out to be marginally relevant. Conclusion As with other chronic and debilitating diseases, effective treatment strategies have to reach beyond delivering medication. Health care providers need to strengthen the support for patients with a migration background. In this regard, they should respect the patients' cultural and social background and their personal perception of the disease and the therapy. Yet structural and social aspects (clinical setting, family and educational background) may be more crucial here than “cultural barriers.” PMID:23826140

[Chronic eyelid oedema and rosacea (Morbus Morbihan): diagnostic and therapeutic challenges].

PubMed

Renieri, G; Brochhausen, C; Pfeiffer, N; Pitz, S

2011-01-01

Morbus Morbihan is a rare complication of rosacea, consisting of a persistent lymphoedema of the upper part of the face. It has typically a chronic course, unspecific histopathological findings and an extreme refractoriness to therapy. Between February 2008 and January 2010, 5 patients with Morbus Morbihan were observed at the Department of Ophthalmology of the University Medical Centre Mainz. In the present cohort study, we describe the clinical, laboratory and histological findings that led to the diagnosis. The course of the affection and the results of different therapeutic options are also reported. Each patient underwent a complete ophthalmological examination, as well as general and dermatological consultations. All patients showed facial skin alterations typical for rosacea. 4 out of 5 subjects underwent a lid biopsy to confirm the diagnosis of Morbus Morbihan, one patient refused it. Initial treatment consisted of various systemic and local medical therapies, however, with poor success. One patient had intravenous therapy with corticosteroids elsewhere with no effect. We treated 3 cases with intralesional triamcinolone injections with good results. 2 patients underwent upper lid blepharoplasty. Results of surgery remained stable also due to manual lymph drainage and intralesional injections of triamcinolon. No complications or side effects were seen in patients treated with triamcinolone. Morbus Morbihan can be diagnosed only after excluding other conditions leading to chronic lid swelling. In our series, good results were achieved with intralesional injection of triamcinolone. Surgery also led to relevant improvements for a long period (13 months), with some adjuvant therapy. The treatment of chronic eyelid oedema associated with rosacea remains a challenge for the ophthalmologist and the oculoplastic surgeon. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

Role of thioredoxin reductase 1 and thioredoxin interacting protein in prognosis of breast cancer

PubMed Central

2010-01-01

Introduction The purpose of this work was to study the prognostic influence in breast cancer of thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNRD1) and thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP), key players in oxidative stress control that are currently evaluated as possible therapeutic targets. Methods Analysis of the association of TXNRD1 and TXNIP RNA expression with the metastasis-free interval (MFI) was performed in 788 patients with node-negative breast cancer, consisting of three individual cohorts (Mainz, Rotterdam and Transbig). Correlation with metagenes and conventional clinical parameters (age, pT stage, grading, hormone and ERBB2 status) was explored. MCF-7 cells with a doxycycline-inducible expression of an oncogenic ERBB2 were used to investigate the influence of ERBB2 on TXNRD1 and TXNIP transcription. Results TXNRD1 was associated with worse MFI in the combined cohort (hazard ratio = 1.955; P < 0.001) as well as in all three individual cohorts. In contrast, TXNIP was associated with better prognosis (hazard ratio = 0.642; P < 0.001) and similar results were obtained in all three subcohorts. Interestingly, patients with ERBB2-status-positive tumors expressed higher levels of TXNRD1. Induction of ERBB2 in MCF-7 cells caused not only an immediate increase in TXNRD1 but also a strong decrease in TXNIP. A subsequent upregulation of TXNIP as cells undergo senescence was accompanied by a strong increase in levels of reactive oxygen species. Conclusions TXNRD1 and TXNIP are associated with prognosis in breast cancer, and ERBB2 seems to be one of the factors shifting balances of both factors of the redox control system in a prognostic unfavorable manner. PMID:20584310

Cognitive Impairments and Subjective Cognitive Complaints in Fabry Disease: A Nationwide Study and Review of the Literature.

PubMed

Loeb, Josefine; Feldt-Rasmussen, Ulla; Madsen, Christoffer Valdorff; Vogel, Asmus

2018-04-14

Fabry disease is a rare progressive X-linked lysosomal storage disorder which leads to neuropathic pain, organ dysfunction and cerebral pathology. Few studies have investigated cognitive impairment in Fabry disease and these previous studies are difficult to compare due to heterogeneous methodological designs and small cohorts. The objective was to investigate the frequency of cognitive impairment in the Danish nationwide cohort of Fabry patients. Further, we examined if subjective cognitive complaints were associated with objective cognitive performances in this patient group. Neuropsychological tests (17 measures) and evaluation of subjective complaints with the Perceived Deficits Questionnaire (PDQ) were applied in 41 of 63 patients. According to an a priori definition, 12 patients (29.3%) were cognitively impaired. Tests tapping psychomotor speed, attention and executive functions had the highest frequency of impairment. In general, disease related variables as Mainz Severity Score Index, enzyme activity and years since onset and depression did not have a significant impact on the categorisation of patients as being cognitively impaired or non-impaired. Thus, cognitive impairment in Fabry disease does not seem to occur solely by having symptoms for many years or by having high disease burden. However, impaired neuropsychological test results were significantly more common in patients with cerebrovascular disease. Only three patients had scores in the abnormal range of the PDQ scale and subjective perceptions of cognition were not associated with cognitive performances. The levels of subjective cognitive complaints were generally very low in the studied patients demonstrating that the absence of subjective cognitive complaints does not exclude the presence of objective cognitive problems.

Chemistry of riming: the retention of organic and inorganic atmospheric trace constituents

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jost, Alexander; Szakáll, Miklós; Diehl, Karoline; Mitra, Subir K.; Borrmann, Stephan

2017-08-01

During free fall in clouds, ice hydrometeors such as snowflakes and ice particles grow effectively by riming, i.e., the accretion of supercooled droplets. Volatile atmospheric trace constituents dissolved in the supercooled droplets may remain in ice during freezing or may be released back to the gas phase. This process is quantified by retention coefficients. Once in the ice phase the trace constituents may be vertically redistributed by scavenging and subsequent precipitation or by evaporation of these ice hydrometeors at high altitudes. Retention coefficients of the most dominant carboxylic acids and aldehydes found in cloud water were investigated in the Mainz vertical wind tunnel under dry-growth (surface temperature less than 0 °C) riming conditions which are typically prevailing in the mixed-phase zone of convective clouds (i.e., temperatures from -16 to -7 °C and a liquid water content (LWC) of 0. 9 ± 0. 2 g m-3). The mean retention coefficients of formic and acetic acids are found to be 0. 68 ± 0. 09 and 0. 63 ± 0. 19. Oxalic and malonic acids as well as formaldehyde show mean retention coefficients of 0. 97 ± 0. 06, 0. 98 ± 0. 08, and 0. 97 ± 0. 11, respectively. Application of a semi-empirical model on the present and earlier wind tunnel measurements reveals that retention coefficients can be well interpreted by the effective Henry's law constant accounting for solubility and dissociation. A parameterization for the retention coefficients has been derived for substances whose aqueous-phase kinetics are fast compared to mass transport timescales. For other cases, the semi-empirical model in combination with a kinetic approach is suited to determine the retention coefficients. These may be implemented in high-resolution cloud models.

Photoproduction of $$ \\pi^{0}$$-pairs off protons and off neutrons

DOE PAGES

Dieterle, M.; Oberle, M.; Ahrens, J.; ...

2015-11-04

Total cross sections, angular distributions, and invariant-mass distributions have been measured for the photoproduction of π 0π 0 pairs off free protons and off nucleons bound in the deuteron. The experiments were performed at the MAMI accelerator facility in Mainz using the Glasgow photon tagging spectrometer and the Crystal Ball/TAPS detector. The accelerator delivered electron beams of 1508 and 1557MeV, which produced bremsstrahlung in thin radiator foils. The tagged photon beam covered energies up to 1400MeV. The data from the free proton target are in good agreement with previous measurements and were only used to test the analysis procedures. Themore » results for differential cross sections (angular distributions and invariant-mass distributions) for free and quasi-free protons are almost identical in shape, but differ in absolute magnitude up to 15%. Thus, moderate final-state interaction effects are present. The data for quasi-free neutrons are similar to the proton data in the second resonance region (final-state invariant masses up to ≈1550 MeV), where both reactions are dominated by the N(1520)3/2 –→Δ(1232)3/2 +π decay. At higher energies, angular and invariant-mass distributions are different. A simple analysis of the shapes of the invariant-mass distributions in the third resonance region is consistent with strong contributions of an N*→Nσ decay for the proton, while the reaction is dominated by a sequential decay via a Δπ intermediate state for the neutron. Here, the data are compared to predictions from the Two-Pion-MAID model and the Bonn-Gatchina coupled-channel analysis.« less

Magnetic spectroscopy and microscopy of functional materials

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jenkins, Catherine Ann

2011-05-01

Heusler intermetallics Mn 2Y Ga and X 2MnGa (X; Y =Fe, Co, Ni) undergo tetragonal magnetostructural transitions that can result in half metallicity, magnetic shape memory, or the magnetocaloric effect. Understanding the magnetism and magnetic behavior in functional materials is often the most direct route to being able to optimize current materials for todays applications and to design novel ones for tomorrow. Synchrotron soft x-ray magnetic spectromicroscopy techniques are well suited to explore the the competing effects from the magnetization and the lattice parameters in these materials as they provide detailed element-, valence-, and site-specifc information on the coupling ofmore » crystallographic ordering and electronic structure as well as external parameters like temperature and pressure on the bonding and exchange. Fundamental work preparing the model systems of spintronic, multiferroic, and energy-related compositions is presented for context. The methodology of synchrotron spectroscopy is presented and applied to not only magnetic characterization but also of developing a systematic screening method for future examples of materials exhibiting any of the above effects. The chapter progression is as follows: an introduction to the concepts and materials under consideration (Chapter 1); an overview of sample preparation techniques and results, and the kinds of characterization methods employed (Chapter 2); spectro- and microscopic explorations of X 2MnGa/Ge (Chapter 3); spectroscopic investigations of the composition series Mn 2Y Ga to the logical Mn 3Ga endpoint (Chapter 4); and a summary and overview of upcoming work (Chapter 5). Appendices include the results of a Think Tank for the Graduate School of Excellence MAINZ (Appendix A) and details of an imaging project now in progress on magnetic reversal and domain wall observation in the classical Heusler material Co 2FeSi (Appendix B).« less

Cannabis for Cognitive Enhancement as a New Coping Strategy? Results From a Survey of Students at Four Universities in Germany.

PubMed

Franke, Andreas G; Roser, Patrik; Lieb, Klaus; Vollmann, Jochen; Schildmann, Jan

2016-12-05

Cognitive Enhancement (CE) is often discussed in relation to stimulant drugs, such as amphetamines (AMPH). However, there is some evidence that cannabis (CAN) can be used for CE. This study compares the knowledge, prevalence, and perceived effects of and factors associated with the knowledge of or use of CAN versus AMPH for CE among undergraduate students at four German universities. A survey was taken of 1,538 students at four German universities. It investigated their knowledge and use of CAN and AMPH for CE as well as associated factors. Descriptive and analytic (Mann-Whitney-U test, Fisher's exact test, logistic regression) statistics were obtained using SPSS. Responses were obtained from 1,026 participants (57.2%) at three universities from the Universitätsallianz Metropole Ruhr (UAR) (Bochum, Dortmund, Duisburg-Essen) and 512 respondents (68.3%) in Mainz. We observed lifetime prevalence rates of 3.5% for the use of CAN and 2.1% for the use of AMPH for the purpose of CE. CAN users perceived pressure to perform as more of a burden than AMPH users (mean: 3.2, CAN users: 4.7, AMPH: 2.9; p =.042). CAN users used the substances for studying for exams significantly less often than AMPH users (p =.025), and CAN users perceived less of an enhancing effect of the drug compared to AMPH users (p <.001). A considerable number of students report having used CAN for CE. However, our research indicates differences in perceptions and experiences of CE between CAN and AMPH users. Further research on the role of CAN for CE and conceptual analyses to differentiate between different understandings of CE are warranted.

The Evonik-Mainz Eye Care-Study (EMECS): Development of an Expert System for Glaucoma Risk Detection in a Working Population.

PubMed

Wahl, Jochen; Barleon, Lorenz; Morfeld, Peter; Lichtmeß, Andrea; Haas-Brähler, Sibylle; Pfeiffer, Norbert

2016-01-01

To develop an expert system for glaucoma screening in a working population based on a human expert procedure using images of optic nerve head (ONH), visual field (frequency doubling technology, FDT) and intraocular pressure (IOP). 4167 of 13037 (32%) employees between 40 and 65 years of Evonik Industries were screened. An experienced glaucoma expert (JW) assessed papilla parameters and evaluated all individual screening results. His classification into "no glaucoma", "possible glaucoma" and "probable glaucoma" was defined as "gold standard". A screening model was developed which was tested versus the gold-standard. This model took into account the assessment of the ONH. Values and relationships of CDR and IOP and the FDT were considered additionally and a glaucoma score was generated. The structure of the screening model was specified a priori whereas values of the parameters were chosen post-hoc to optimize sensitivity and specificity of the algorithm. Simple screening models based on IOP and / or FDT were investigated for comparison. 111 persons (2.66%) were classified as glaucoma suspects, thereof 13 (0.31%) as probable and 98 (2.35%) as possible glaucoma suspects by the expert. Re-evaluation by the screening model revealed a sensitivity of 83.8% and a specificity of 99.6% for all glaucoma suspects. The positive predictive value of the model was 80.2%, the negative predictive value 99.6%. Simple screening models showed insufficient diagnostic accuracy. Adjustment of ONH and symmetry parameters with respect to excavation and IOP in an expert system produced sufficiently satisfying diagnostic accuracy. This screening model seems to be applicable in such a working population with relatively low age and low glaucoma prevalence. Different experts should validate the model in different populations.

Large-Scale Water Resources Management within the Framework of GLOWA-Danube - Part A: The Groundwater Model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Barthel, R.; Rojanschi, V.; Wolf, J.; Braun, J.

2003-04-01

The interdisciplinary research co-operation Glowa-Danube aims at the development of innovative techniques, scenarios and strategies to investigate the impacts of Global Change on the hydrological cycle within the catchment area of the Upper Danube Basin (Gauge Passau). Both the influence of natural changes in the ecosystem, such as climate change, and changes in human behavior, such as changes in land use or water consumption, are considered. A globally applicable decision support tool "DANUBIA" that comprises 15 individual disciplinary models will be developed. The models are connected with each other via customized interfaces that facilitate network-based parallel calculations. The strictly object-oriented DANUBIA architecture was developed using the graphical notation tool UML (Unified Modeling Language) and has been implemented in Java code. The Institute of Hydraulic Engineering of the Universitaet Stuttgart contributes two models to DANUBIA: A groundwater flow and transport model and a water supply model. The latter is dealt with in a second contribution to this conference. This paper focuses on the groundwater model. The catchment basin of the Upper Danube covers an area of approximately 77.000 km2. The elevation difference from the highest peaks of the Alps to the lowest flatlands in the Danube valley is more than 3.000 m. In addition to the Alps, several lower mountain ranges such as the Black Forest, the Swabian and Franconian Alb and the Bavarian Forest are located respectively in the Northeast, North and Northwest of the basin. The climatic conditions, geomorphology, geology and land use show a wide range of different characteristics. The size and heterogeneity of the area make it extremely difficult to represent the natural conditions in a numerical model. Both data availability and accessibility add to the difficulties that one encounters in the approach to simulate groundwater flow and contaminant transport in this area. The groundwater flow model of the catchment developed by the research group uses a finite difference approach (MODFLOW). A transport model (nitrogen) will be added in a second stage (MT3D). A three-dimensional conceptual hydrogeological model consisting of four layers was developed. Only aquifers with basin-wide occurrence are considered. Aquifers on the local scale cannot be included in the model due to insufficient data availability, the model grid resolution (1km2) used and various limitations arising from the MODFLOW-approach. The cell size of 1 km is compulsory for all models in DANUBIA in order to facilitate 1:1 parameter exchange. The concept of DANUBIA is based on the parallel execution of strictly independent disciplinary models. At each time step, the required parameters are exchanged. On the "physical side" the groundwater model has interfaces to a soil water and a surface water model which provide important parameters that are used as model boundary conditions. The soil water model calculates the groundwater recharge as the infiltration through a layered soil zone. The surface water model calculates the heads in the rivers, which are used to determine flow from the aquifers to the rivers and vice versa. The main aim of the groundwater model is to assess and forecast quantity and quality of the groundwater resources together with the other physically based models under conditions of global change. On the "socio-economic side", the groundwater model exchanges data with the so-called "Actors" component, a group of models concerned with the human impact on the water cycle. The amount of groundwater extraction for drinking water purposes is a boundary condition of the groundwater model calculated by the Actors models. The feedback between demand and supply invokes the need for complex optimization algorithms.

Clinical and genetic predictors of major cardiac events in patients with Anderson-Fabry Disease.

PubMed

Patel, Vimal; O'Mahony, Constantinos; Hughes, Derralynn; Rahman, Mohammad Shafiqur; Coats, Caroline; Murphy, Elaine; Lachmann, Robin; Mehta, Atul; Elliott, Perry M

2015-06-01

Anderson-Fabry Disease (AFD) is an X linked lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in the α-galactosidase A gene. Some mutations are associated with prominent and, in many cases, exclusive cardiac involvement. The primary aims of this study were to determine the incidence of major cardiac events in AFD and to identify clinical and genetic predictors of adverse outcomes. We studied 207 patients with AFD (47% male, mean age 44 years, mean follow-up 7.1 years). Fifty-eight (28%) individuals carried mutations that have been previously associated with a cardiac predominant phenotype. Twenty-one (10%) developed severe heart failure (New York Heart Association functional class (NYHA) ≥3), 13 (6%) developed atrial fibrillation (AF), 13 (6%) received devices for the treatment of bradycardia; there were a total of 7 (3%) cardiac deaths. The incidence of the primary endpoint (a composite of new onset AF, NYHA ≥ 3 symptoms, device insertion for bradycardia and cardiac death) was 2.64 per 100 person-years (CI 1.78 to 3.77). Age (HR 1.04, CI 1.01 to 1.08, p=0.004), Mainz Severity Score Index score (HR 1.05, CI 1.01 to 1.09, p=0.012) and QRS duration (HR 1.03, CI 1.00 to 1.05, p=0.020) were significant independent predictors of the primary endpoint. The presence of a cardiac genetic variant did not predict the primary end point. AFD is associated with a high burden of cardiac morbidity and mortality. Adverse cardiac outcomes are associated with age, global disease severity and advanced cardiac disease but not the presence of cardiac genetic variants. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.

Multi-proxy dating of Holocene maar lakes and Pleistocene dry maar sediments in the Eifel, Germany

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sirocko, Frank; Dietrich, Stephan; Veres, Daniel; Grootes, Pieter M.; Schaber-Mohr, Katja; Seelos, Klemens; Nadeau, Marie-Josée; Kromer, Bernd; Rothacker, Leo; Röhner, Marieke; Krbetschek, Matthias; Appleby, Peter; Hambach, Ulrich; Rolf, Christian; Sudo, Masafumi; Grim, Stephanie

2013-02-01

During the last twelve years the ELSA Project (Eifel Laminated Sediment Archive) at Mainz University has drilled a total of about 52 cores from 27 maar lakes and filled-in maar basins in the Eifel/Germany. Dating has been completed for the Holocene cores using 6 different methods (210Pb and 137Cs activities, palynostratigraphy, event markers, varve counting, 14C). In general, the different methods consistently complement one another within error margins. Event correlation was used for relating typical lithological changes with historically known events such as the two major Holocene flood events at 1342 AD and ca 800 BC. Dating of MIS2-MIS3 core sections is based on greyscale tuning, radiocarbon and OSL dating, magnetostratigraphy and tephrochronology. The lithological changes in the sediment cores demonstrate a sequence of events similar to the North Atlantic rapid climate variability of the Last Glacial Cycle. The warmest of the MIS3 interstadials was GI14, when a forest with abundant spruce covered the Eifel area from 55 to 48 ka BP, i.e. during a time when also other climate archives in Europe suggested very warm conditions. The forest of this "Early Stage 3 warm phase" developed subsequently into a steppe with scattered birch and pine, and finally into a glacial desert at around 25 ka BP. Evidence for Mono Lake and Laschamp geomagnetic excursions is found in two long cores. Several large eruptions during Middle and Late Pleistocene (Ulmener Maar - 11,000 varve years BP, Laacher See - 12,900 varve years BP, Mosenberg volcanoes/Meerfelder Maar 41-45 cal ka BP, Dümpel Maar 116 ka BP, Glees Maar - 151 ka BP) produced distinct ash-layers crucial for inter-core and inter-site correlations. The oldest investigated maar of the Eifel is 40Ar/39Ar dated to the time older than 520 ka BP.

In-medium properties of mesons

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Metag, Volker; Nanova, Mariana; Brinkmann, Kai-Thomas

2017-01-01

In the project B.4, the modification of meson properties (mass, width) in a nuclear medium has been studied in photoproduction of mesons off nuclear targets. This work has been motivated by theoretical expectations of in-medium modifications of hadrons based on the conjecture of a partial restoration of chiral symmetry in a strongly interacting medium. It has been shown that these in-medium changes can be discussed in a compact form in terms of an optical potential describing the meson-nucleus interaction. Experimental approaches to determine the real and imaginary part of the meson-nucleus potential have been developed. The experiments have been performed with the Crystal Barrel/TAPS detector at the electron accelerator ELSA (Bonn) and the Crystal Ball/TAPS detector at MAMI (Mainz). Measuring the excitation function and momentum distribution for photo production of ω and η' mesons, the real parts of the ω and η'-nucleus potential, given by the in-medium mass shift, have been determined. For the η' meson a lowering of the mass at normal nuclear matter density by -(39±7(stat)±15(syst)) MeV is observed, while for the ω meson a slightly smaller mass shift is found, however, with much larger uncertainties, not excluding a zero mass shift. The imaginary part of the potentials has been extracted from the measurement of the transparency ratio which compares the meson production cross section per nucleon within a nucleus to the production cross section off the free proton. For the η' meson the imaginary part of the potential is found to be smaller than the real part. In case of the ω meson the opposite is observed. This makes the η' meson a good candidate for the search for meson-nucleus bound states while no resolved ω mesic states can be expected. The results are compared with theoretical predictions. An outlook on future experiments is given.

Some highlights in few-body nuclear physics.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Holt, R. J.

2000-12-07

During the past five years, there have been tremendous advances in both experiments and theoretical calculations in few-body nuclear systems. Advances in technology have permitted experiments of unprecedented accuracy. Jefferson Laboratory has begun operation and the first round of experimental results have become available. New polarization techniques have been exploited at a number of laboratories, in particular, at Jefferson Lab, IUCF, RIKEN, NIKHEF, Mainz, MIT-Bates and HERMES. Some of these results will be shown here. In addition, there have been tremendous advances in few-body theory. Five modern two-nucleon potentials have which describe the nucleon-nucleon data extremely well have become available.more » A standard model of nuclear physics based on these two nucleon potentials as well as modern three-nucleon forces has emerged. This standard model has enjoyed tremendous success in the few body systems. Exact three-body calculations have been extended into the continuum in order to take full advantage of scattering data in advancing our understanding of the the few-nucleon system. In addition, the application of chiral symmetry has become an important constraint on nucleon-nucleon as well as three-nucleon forces. As a result of all these efforts, we have seen rapid developments in the three-body force. Despite these advances, there remain some extremely important open issues: (1) What is the role of quarks and gluons in nuclear structure; (2) Can we distinguish meson exchange from quark interchange; (3) Is few-body theory sufficient to describe simultaneously the mass 2, 3 and 4 form factors; (4) What is the isospin and spin dependence of the three-body force; (5) Are there medium modifications for nucleons and mesons in nuclei; (6) Is there an enhancement of antiquarks or pions in nuclei related to the binding; and (7) Are short range correlations observable in nuclei? In this paper the author summarizes the status of our understanding of these issues.« less

Outcome and cervical metastatic spread of squamous cell cancer of the buccal mucosa, a retrospective analysis of the past 25 years.

PubMed

Sagheb, Keyvan; Blatt, Sebastian; Kraft, Ina Sophie; Zimmer, Stefanie; Rahimi-Nedjat, Roman-Kia; Al-Nawas, Bilal; Walter, Christian

2017-07-01

Because of the low proportion of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) of the buccal mucosa within the carcinomas of the oral cavity in the Western population, data concerning metastatic pattern are sparse. Therefore, this retrospective study is focusing on the occurrence of cervical metastases (CM) and the overall outcome of this tumor entity. From January 1988 to October 2013, 113 patients were treated in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Mainz, for an oral SCC of the cheek. Metastatic pattern and clinical parameters that are possibly associated with an increased risk for CM as well as overall outcome were analyzed. The average follow-up was 48 months (range: 1-248 months). A total of 55 (49%) patients were female and 58 (51%) male, with an average age of 65 ± 13 years (♀68 ± 14 years; ♂63 ± 11 years). In total, 55% of the patients either smoked and/or consumed alcohol. In total, 34% of the patients had a stage III or IV tumor, with overall 23% having CM at the time of diagnosis. During the follow-up, 50% (n = 56) of the patients developed a relapse after 12 months (median). Tumor size (P = 0.002*) and grading (P < 0.001*) are significantly associated with the occurrence of CM. Metastases (P = 0.008*) and advanced tumor size (P = 0.018) had an influence on the survival, whereas the relapse had no significant influence (P = 0.928). Five-year survival rate was 80%. SCC of the buccal mucosa shows aggressive behavior with a considerably high proportion of relapse. Since overall outcome is significantly decreased by the cervical metastatic pattern, a selective, ipsilateral neck dissection for this patient group is recommended as the primary management. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Tropical Greenhouse Measurements of Volatile Organic Compounds Using Switchable Reagent Ion Proton-Transfer-Reaction Time-of-Flight Mass Spectromety (PTR-TOF-MS)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Veres, P.; Auld, J.; Williams, J.

2012-04-01

In this presentation, we will summarize the results of measurements made in an approximately 1300 m3 tropical greenhouse at the Johannes Gutenberg University botanical garden in Mainz Germany conducted over a one month period. The greenhouse is home to a large variety of plant species from hot and humid regions of the world. The greenhouse is also host to several crops such as Cocoa and Cola Nut as well as ornamental plants. A particular focus of the species maintained are those which are considered ant plants, or plants which have an intimate relationship with ants in tropical habitats. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured using a Switchable Reagent Ion Proton-Transfer-Reaction Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer (PTR-TOF-MS) using H3O+, NO+, and O2+ ion chemistry. Measurements will be presented both for primary emissions observed in the closed greenhouse atmosphere as well as the oxidation products observed after the introduction of ambient ozone. The high resolving power (5000 m/Δm) of the time-of-flight instrument allows for the separation of isobaric species. In particular, both isoprene (68.1170 amu) and furan (68.0740 amu) were observed and separated as primary emissions during this study. The significance of this will be discussed in terms of both atmospheric implications as well as with respect to previous measurements of isoprene obtained using quadrupole PTR-MS where isobaric separation of these compounds is not possible. Additionally observed species (e.g. Methanol, Acetaldehyde, MVK and MEK) will be discussed in detail with respect to their behavior as a function of light, temperature and relative humidity. The overall instrument performance of the PTR-TOF-MS technique using the H3O+, NO+, and O2+ primary ions for the measurement of VOCs will be evaluated.

Quantitative DNA Analyses for Airborne Birch Pollen

PubMed Central

Müller-Germann, Isabell; Vogel, Bernhard; Vogel, Heike; Pauling, Andreas; Fröhlich-Nowoisky, Janine; Pöschl, Ulrich; Després, Viviane R.

2015-01-01

Birch trees produce large amounts of highly allergenic pollen grains that are distributed by wind and impact human health by causing seasonal hay fever, pollen-related asthma, and other allergic diseases. Traditionally, pollen forecasts are based on conventional microscopic counting techniques that are labor-intensive and limited in the reliable identification of species. Molecular biological techniques provide an alternative approach that is less labor-intensive and enables identification of any species by its genetic fingerprint. A particularly promising method is quantitative Real-Time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), which can be used to determine the number of DNA copies and thus pollen grains in air filter samples. During the birch pollination season in 2010 in Mainz, Germany, we collected air filter samples of fine (<3 μm) and coarse air particulate matter. These were analyzed by qPCR using two different primer pairs: one for a single-copy gene (BP8) and the other for a multi-copy gene (ITS). The BP8 gene was better suitable for reliable qPCR results, and the qPCR results obtained for coarse particulate matter were well correlated with the birch pollen forecasting results of the regional air quality model COSMO-ART. As expected due to the size of birch pollen grains (~23 μm), the concentration of DNA in fine particulate matter was lower than in the coarse particle fraction. For the ITS region the factor was 64, while for the single-copy gene BP8 only 51. The possible presence of so-called sub-pollen particles in the fine particle fraction is, however, interesting even in low concentrations. These particles are known to be highly allergenic, reach deep into airways and cause often severe health problems. In conclusion, the results of this exploratory study open up the possibility of predicting and quantifying the pollen concentration in the atmosphere more precisely in the future. PMID:26492534

Preoperative pain as a risk factor for chronic post-surgical pain - six month follow-up after radical prostatectomy.

PubMed

Gerbershagen, Hans J; Ozgür, Enver; Dagtekin, Oguzhan; Straub, Karin; Hahn, Moritz; Heidenreich, Axel; Sabatowski, Rainer; Petzke, Frank

2009-11-01

Chronic post-surgical pain (CPSP) by definition develops for the first time after surgery and is not related to any preoperative pain. Preoperative pain is assumed to be a major risk factor for CPSP. Prospective studies to endorse this assumption are missing. In order to assess the incidence and the risk factors for CPSP multidimensional pain and health characteristics and psychological aspects were studied in patients prior to radical prostatectomy. Follow-up questionnaires were completed three and six months after surgery. CPSP incidences in 84 patients after three and six months were 14.3% and 1.2%. Preoperatively, CPSP patients were assigned to higher pain chronicity stages measured with the Mainz Pain Staging System (MPSS) (p=0.003) and higher pain severity grades (Chronic Pain Grading Questionnaire) (p=0.016) than non-CPSP patients. CPSP patients reported more pain sites (p=0.001), frequent pain in urological body areas (p=0.047), previous occurrence of CPSP (p=0.008), more psychosomatic symptoms (Symptom Check List) (p=0.031), and worse mental functioning (Short Form-12) (p=0.019). Three months after surgery all CPSP patients suffered from moderate to high-risk chronic pain (MPSS stages II and III) compared to 66.7% at baseline and 82.3% had high disability pain (CPGQ grades III and IV) compared to 41.7% before surgery. CPSP patients scored significantly less favorably in physical and mental health, habitual well-being, and psychosomatic dysfunction three months after surgery. All patients with CPSP reported on preoperative chronic pain. Patients with preoperative pain, related or not related to the surgical site were significantly at risk to develop CPSP. High preoperative pain chronicity stages and pain severity grades were associated with CPSP. CPSP patients reported poorer mental health related quality of life and more severe psychosomatic dysfunction before and 3 months after surgery.

[Over-indebtedness and additional payments to the German health-care system - discrimination upon destitution in expenditure].

PubMed

Münster, E; Rüger, H; Ochsmann, E; Alsmann, C; Letzel, S

2010-02-01

In the past few years, the number of over-indebted private households in Germany has steadily increased and is currently estimated to have reached 3.13 million. Financial difficulties culminating in private insolvencies of the persons concerned may lead to a restrained usage of health-care services that require additional payment. For the first time ever this study has examined whether over-indebted individuals refrain from seeking medical treatment or from buying prescribed medicine because of their financial situation. The cross-sectional study covered over-indebted persons in Rhineland-Palatinate and was conducted between July 2006 and March 2007. In cooperation with 53 debt counselling agencies in Rhineland-Palatinate and in cooperation with the specialized debtor counselling centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz a singular, anonymous questionnaire-based survey in written form was conducted. Altogether 666 persons (51% female) between 18 and 79 years old (mean value: 41,0 years, standard deviation: 11,2 years; median: 41 years) participated in this evaluation, which amounts to a participation rate of 35.5%. The majority of participants stated to refrain from buying prescribed medication (65.2%) as well as from seeking medical advice and paying euro 10.00 own contribution (60.8%) because of their financial situation. The multivariate, binary logistic end-model showed age, family situation, insolvency proceedings, medical conditions and the self-reported attitude towards health alertness to be relevant factors of influence for both target variables. The enacted own financial contribution when seeking health care or when receiving medication in Germany might cause a discrimination of indebted persons or households with regard to health care and medical treatment. Because of the obligation of additional payment, health services are not independent of an individual's financial resources, meaning that especially destitution in expenditure affects equal opportunities in the health care system. Copyright Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart . New York.

Neuroethics 1995–2012. A Bibliometric Analysis of the Guiding Themes of an Emerging Research Field

PubMed Central

Leefmann, Jon; Levallois, Clement; Hildt, Elisabeth

2016-01-01

In bioethics, the first decade of the twenty-first century was characterized by the emergence of interest in the ethical, legal, and social aspects of neuroscience research. At the same time an ongoing extension of the topics and phenomena addressed by neuroscientists was observed alongside its rise as one of the leading disciplines in the biomedical science. One of these phenomena addressed by neuroscientists and moral psychologists was the neural processes involved in moral decision-making. Today both strands of research are often addressed under the label of neuroethics. To understand this development we recalled literature from 1995 to 2012 stored in the Mainz Neuroethics Database (i) to investigate the quantitative development of scientific publications in neuroethics; (ii) to explore changes in the topics of neuroethics research within the defined time interval; (iii) to illustrate the interdependence of different research topics within the neuroethics literature; (iv) to show the development of the distribution of neuroethics research on peer-reviewed journals; and (v) to display the academic background and affiliations of neuroethics researchers. Our analysis exposes that there has been a demonstrative increase of neuroethics research while the issues addressed under this label had mostly been present before the establishment of the field. We show that the research on the ethical, legal and social aspects of neuroscience research is hardly related to neuroscience research on moral decision-making and that the academic backgrounds and affiliations of many neuroethics researchers speak for a very close entanglement of neuroscience and neuroethics. As our article suggests that after more than one decade there still is no dominant agenda for the future of neuroethics research, it calls for more reflection about the theoretical underpinnings and prospects to establish neuroethics as a marked-off research field distinct from neuroscience and the diverse branches of bioethics. PMID:27445772

Cardiac involvement in genotype-positive Fabry disease patients assessed by cardiovascular MR.

PubMed

Kozor, Rebecca; Grieve, Stuart M; Tchan, Michel C; Callaghan, Fraser; Hamilton-Craig, Christian; Denaro, Charles; Moon, James C; Figtree, Gemma A

2016-02-15

Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) has the potential to provide early detection of cardiac involvement in Fabry disease. We aimed to gain further insight into this by assessing a cohort of Fabry patients using CMR. Fifty genotype-positive Fabry subjects (age 45±2 years; 50% male) referred for CMR and 39 matched controls (age 40±2 years; 59% male) were recruited. Patients had a mean Mainz severity score index of 15±2 (range 0-46), reflecting an overall mild degree of disease severity. Compared with controls, Fabry subjects had a 34% greater left ventricular mass (LVM) index (82±5 vs 61±2 g/m(2), p=0.001) and had a significantly greater papillary muscle contribution to total LVM (13±1 vs 6±0.5%, p<0.001), even in the absence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) was present in 15 Fabry subjects (9/21 males and 6/23 females). The most common site for LGE was the basal inferolateral wall (93%, 14/15). There was a positive association between LVM index and LGE. Despite this, there were two males and three females with no LVH that displayed LGE. Of Fabry subjects who were not on enzyme replacement therapy at enrolment (n=28), six were reclassified as having cardiac involvement (four LVH-negative/LGE-positive, one LVH-positive/LGE-positive and one LVH-positive/LGE-negative). CMR was able to detect cardiac involvement in 48% of this Fabry cohort, despite the overall mild disease phenotype of the cohort. Of those not on ERT, 21% were reclassified as having cardiac involvement allowing improved risk stratification and targeting of therapy. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/

3 dimensional distributions of NO2, CHOCHO, and HCHO measured by the University of Colorado 2D-MAX-DOAS during MAD-CAT

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ortega, Ivan; Sinreich, Roman; Volkamer, Rainer

2014-05-01

We present results of 2 dimensional Multi Axis-DOAS (2D-MAX-DOAS) measurements to infer 3-dimensional measurements of trace gases by characterizing boundary layer vertical profiles and near surface azimuth horizontal distribution of NO2 (14 angles covering 360°). We combine the established optimal estimation inversion with a new parameterization approach; the first method to derive NO2 tropospheric vertical profiles and boundary layer height and the second one to retrieve the azimuth horizontal distribution of near surface NO2 mixing ratios, both at multiple wavelengths (350 nm, 450 nm, and 560 nm). This was conducted for three cloud-free days in the framework of the intensive Multi Axis DOAS Comparison campaign for Aerosols and Trace gases (MAD-CAT) in Mainz, Germany 2013. By retrieving NO2 at multiple wavelengths range-resolved distributions of NO2 are derived using an 'Onion-peeling' approach, i.e., exploiting the fact that the optical path lengths at different wavelengths probe different horizontal air masses. We also measure glyoxal (CHOCHO) and formaldehyde (HCHO) distributions, and present to our knowledge the first 3-dimesional trace-gas distribution measurements of CHOCHO by a ground-based instrument. We expand the 2D-MAX-DOAS capabilities to calculate azimuth ratios of HCHO-to-NO2 (RFN) and CHOCHO-to-NO2 (RGN) to pinpoint volatile organic compound (VOC) oxidation chemistry and CHOCHO-to-HCHO (RGF) ratios as an indicator of biogenic and/or anthropogenic VOC emissions. The results of RFN correlate well with RGN and we identify azimuth variations that indicate gradients in the VOC/NOx chemistry that leads to O3 and secondary aerosol production. While there is a clear diurnal pattern in the RFN and RGN, no such variations are observed in the RGF, which shows rather constant values below 0.04 throughout the day, consistent with previous measurements, and indicative of urban air masses.

Traffic-related immissions and their impact on historic buildings and monuments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Auras, M.; Beer, S.; Bundschuh, P.; Eichhorn, J.; Mach, M.; Scheuvens, D.; Schorling, M.; von Schumann, J.; Snethlage, R.; Weinbruch, S.

2012-04-01

Air quality in Germany has improved essentially over the last decades. Because the concentrations of sulfur dioxide were reduced by more than 90% between 1990 and 2007 acid rain no longer seems to play a relevant role in the weathering of natural stone facades of historic buildings. But in the surroundings of urban traffic hot spots high emissions of nitrogen oxides and fine particulate matter (PM10) are observed. Therefore the question arises whether these airborne pollutants bear a potential for future damage of natural stone and other construction materials. In an interdisciplinary research program different approaches were pursued to evaluate the damage potential of today's traffic-induced immissions by exemplarily investigating two German cities, Mainz and Munich. First calculations of average weathering rates for the stones concerned were made using the dose-response functions of the MULTI ASSESS program and the immission data from survey stations at traffic hot spots and at housing areas. Than the distribution of traffic-induced immissions (NO2 and PM10) in the surrounding areas of major traffic pathways was calculated for both cities with the simulation program WINkfz. The resulting maps of mean pollutant concentrations were superimposed to inventory maps of historical monuments to allow the identification of monuments with high pollution loads. Additionally different classes of natural stones were distinguished regarding their chemical reactivity. Two prominent monuments with high traffic-induced pollution loads were selected for small scale simulations of pollutant immissions with the simulation program MISKAM. The dispersion of pollutants to different directions and building heights were calculated and the influence of broadleaf trees in the surrounding of the buildings was evaluated (summer versus winter situation). PM10 measurements were carried out at different building heights of the two buildings. Collection of PM10 dust and single-particle analyses by ESEM permits the classification of PM10 particles and the identification and quantification of the traffic-induced part of total PM10.

Assessment of HRSC Digital Terrain Models Produced for the South Polar Residual Cap

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Putri, Alfiah Rizky Diana; Sidiropoulos, Panagiotis; Muller, Jan-Peter

2017-04-01

The current Digital Terrain Models available for Mars consist of NASA MOLA (Mars Orbital Laser Altimeter) Digital Terrain Models with an average resolution of 112 m/ pixel (512 pixels/degree) for the polar region. The ESA/DLR High Resolution Stereo Camera is currently orbiting Mars and mapping its surface, 98% with resolution of ≤100 m/pixel and better and 100% at lower resolution [1]. It is possible to produce Digital Terrain Models from HRSC images using various methods. In this study, the method developed on Kim and Muller [2] which uses the VICAR open source program together with photogrammetry sofrware from DLR (Deutschen Zentrums für Luft- und Raumfahrt) with image matching based on the GOTCHA (Gruen-Otto-Chau) algorithm [3]. Digital Terrain Models have been processed over the South Pole with emphasis on areas around South Polar Residual Cap from High Resolution Stereo Camera images [4]. Digital Terrain Models have been produced for 31 orbits out of 149 polar orbits available. This study analyses the quality of the DTMs including an assessment of accuracy of elevations using the MOLA MEGDR (Mission Experiment Gridded Data Records) which has roughly 42 million MOLA PEDR (Precision Experiment Data Records) points between latitudes of 78 o -90 o S. The issues encountered in the production of Digital Terrain Models will be described and the statistical results and assessment method will be presented. The resultant DTMs will be accessible via http://i-Mars.eu/web-GIS References: [1] Neukum, G. et. al, 2004. Mars Express: The Scientific Payload pp. 17-35. [2] Kim, J.-R. and J.-P. Muller. 2009. PSS vol. 57, pp. 2095-2112. [3] Shin, D. and J.-P. Muller. 2012. Pattern Recognition, 45(10), 3795 -3809. [4] Putri, A.R. D., et al., Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLI-B4, 463-469 Acknowledgements: The research leading to these results has received partial funding from the STFC "MSSL Consolidated Grant" ST/K000977/1 and partial support from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under iMars grant agreement n ˚ 607379. The first author would like to acknowledge support for her studies from Indonesia Endowment Fund for Education (LPDP), Ministry of Finance, Republic of Indonesia. The authors would also like to thank Alexander Dumke (Freie Universitaet Berlin) for providing the EXTORI exterior orientation elements which were critical in the production of accuracy geolocations.

MAX-DOAS measurements of HONO slant column densities during the MAD-CAT campaign: inter-comparison, sensitivity studies on spectral analysis settings, and error budget

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Yang; Beirle, Steffen; Hendrick, Francois; Hilboll, Andreas; Jin, Junli; Kyuberis, Aleksandra A.; Lampel, Johannes; Li, Ang; Luo, Yuhan; Lodi, Lorenzo; Ma, Jianzhong; Navarro, Monica; Ortega, Ivan; Peters, Enno; Polyansky, Oleg L.; Remmers, Julia; Richter, Andreas; Puentedura, Olga; Van Roozendael, Michel; Seyler, André; Tennyson, Jonathan; Volkamer, Rainer; Xie, Pinhua; Zobov, Nikolai F.; Wagner, Thomas

2017-10-01

In order to promote the development of the passive DOAS technique the Multi Axis DOAS - Comparison campaign for Aerosols and Trace gases (MAD-CAT) was held at the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry in Mainz, Germany, from June to October 2013. Here, we systematically compare the differential slant column densities (dSCDs) of nitrous acid (HONO) derived from measurements of seven different instruments. We also compare the tropospheric difference of SCDs (delta SCD) of HONO, namely the difference of the SCDs for the non-zenith observations and the zenith observation of the same elevation sequence. Different research groups analysed the spectra from their own instruments using their individual fit software. All the fit errors of HONO dSCDs from the instruments with cooled large-size detectors are mostly in the range of 0.1 to 0.3 × 1015 molecules cm-2 for an integration time of 1 min. The fit error for the mini MAX-DOAS is around 0.7 × 1015 molecules cm-2. Although the HONO delta SCDs are normally smaller than 6 × 1015 molecules cm-2, consistent time series of HONO delta SCDs are retrieved from the measurements of different instruments. Both fits with a sequential Fraunhofer reference spectrum (FRS) and a daily noon FRS lead to similar consistency. Apart from the mini-MAX-DOAS, the systematic absolute differences of HONO delta SCDs between the instruments are smaller than 0.63 × 1015 molecules cm-2. The correlation coefficients are higher than 0.7 and the slopes of linear regressions deviate from unity by less than 16 % for the elevation angle of 1°. The correlations decrease with an increase in elevation angle. All the participants also analysed synthetic spectra using the same baseline DOAS settings to evaluate the systematic errors of HONO results from their respective fit programs. In general the errors are smaller than 0.3 × 1015 molecules cm-2, which is about half of the systematic difference between the real measurements.The differences of HONO delta SCDs retrieved in the selected three spectral ranges 335-361, 335-373 and 335-390 nm are considerable (up to 0.57 × 1015 molecules cm-2) for both real measurements and synthetic spectra. We performed sensitivity studies to quantify the dominant systematic error sources and to find a recommended DOAS setting in the three spectral ranges. The results show that water vapour absorption, temperature and wavelength dependence of O4 absorption, temperature dependence of Ring spectrum, and polynomial and intensity offset correction all together dominate the systematic errors. We recommend a fit range of 335-373 nm for HONO retrievals. In such fit range the overall systematic uncertainty is about 0.87 × 1015 molecules cm-2, much smaller than those in the other two ranges. The typical random uncertainty is estimated to be about 0.16 × 1015 molecules cm-2, which is only 25 % of the total systematic uncertainty for most of the instruments in the MAD-CAT campaign. In summary for most of the MAX-DOAS instruments for elevation angle below 5°, half daytime measurements (usually in the morning) of HONO delta SCD can be over the detection limit of 0.2 × 1015 molecules cm-2 with an uncertainty of ˜ 0.9 × 1015 molecules cm-2.

EMRS Spring Meeting 2014 Symposium D: Phonons and fluctuations in low dimensional structures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

2014-11-01

The E-MRS 2014 Spring meeting, held from 26-30th May 2014 in Lille included the Symposium D entitled ''Phonons and Fluctuations in Low Dimensional Structures'', the first edition of its kind. The symposium was organised in response to the increasing interest in the study of phonons in the context of advances in condensed matter physics, electronics, experimental methods and theory and, in particular, the transfer of energy across atomic interfaces and the propagation of energy in the nm-scale. Steering heat by light or vice versa and examining nano-scale energy conversion (as in thermoelectricity and harvesting e.g. in biological systems) are two aspects that share the underlying science of energy processes across atomic interfaces and energy propagation in the nanoscale and or in confined systems. The nanometer scale defies several of the bulk relationships as confinement of electrons and phonons, locality and non-equilibrium become increasingly important. The propagation of phonons as energy carriers impacts not only heat transfer, but also the very concept and handling of temperature in non-equilibrium and highly localised conditions. Much of the needed progress depends on the materials studied and this symposium targeted the interface material aspects as well as the emerging concepts to advance in this field. The symposium had its origins in a series of meetings and seminars including: (1) the first Phonon Engineering Workshop, funded by Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), the then MICINN, the CNRS, VTT, and several EU projects, held in Saint Feliu de Guixols (Girona, Spain) from 24th to 27th of May 2010 with 65 participants from Europe, the USA and Japan; (2) the first Phonons and Fluctuations workshop, held in Paris on 8th and 9th November 2010, supported by French, Spanish and Finnish national projects and EU projects, attended by about 50 researchers; (3) the second Phonon and Fluctuations workshop, held in Paris on 8th and 9th September 2011, attended by 55 researchers and (4) the 3rd Workshop on Phonons & Fluctuations, held in Saint Feliux de Guixols (Girona, Spain) during 21 to 24th May 2012 attended by 65 participants from Europe and the USA. These papers in this proceeding are examples of the work presented at the symposium. They represent the tip of the iceberg, as the symposium attracted over 100 abstracts. The meeting room was usually full with an audience varying between 40 and 100 participants. The plenary presentation was given by Prof. Gang Chen (MIT) on ''Ballistic and Coherent Phonon Heat Conduction in Bulk Materials and Nanostructures'', which was warmly welcome by an eager and highly motivated audience. The invited speakers were: Prof. Thomas Dehoux (U. Bordeaux), Dr S. Chung (U. New South Wales, Australia), Prof. A. Goni (CSIC-ICMAB), Prof. Giuliano Benenti (U. Insubria), Dr. Davide Donadio (Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz), Prof. George Fytas (University of Crete), Prof. Dr. Tobias Kippenberg (EPFL, Switzerland), Prof. Bernard Perrin (INSP, Paris), Prof. Gyaneshwar P. Srivastava, U. Exeter) and Prof. Dr. Achim Kittel (U. Oldenburg). The organisers are very grateful to them for supporting the symposium and sharing their latest research results with the symposium participants. The symposium organisers recognised the participation of students and awarded prizes to the two Best Student Presentations, which went to Valeria Lacatena (IEMN, Lille) with an invited presentation entitled ''Efficient reduction of thermal conductivity in silicon using phononic-engineered membranes'' and to Yan Qing Liu (Institute Neel, Grenoble) who presented the talk entitled ''Sensitive 3-omega measurements of epitaxial thermoelectric thin films''. The poster session had about fifty posters and the four best poster prizes went to: Konstanze Hahn et al. (U. Cagliari) poster title ''Determination of Thermal conductivity in (nanostructured) SiGe materials'', Florian Doehring et al. (U. Goettingen) poster title ''Phonon blocking in Multilayers produced by Pulsed Laser Deposition'', Jordi Gomis-Bresco et al. (ICN2) poster '' A 1D PhoXonic Crystal'', Barcelona and Benjamin J Robinson et al. (U. Lancaster) poster ''Scanning Thermal microscopy studies of 2D materials''. The symposium organisers are grateful to the Scientific Committee members, Prof. Bahram Djafari-Rouhani (France), Prof. Dr. Thomas Dekorsy (Germany), Prof. Anthony Kent (UK), Prof. Fabio Marchesoni (Italy), Dr. Natalio Mingo (France), Prof. Pascal Ruello, (France) and Prof. Javier Viejo-Rodriguez (Spain), for their help with all aspects of evaluation of the scientific level of the presentations in the symposium. The symposium was sponsored by the FP7 ICT FET Open Coordination Action EUPHONON (GA. 612086) and by the CNRS GDR ''Thermal Nanosciences and NanoEngineering''. The symposium organisers express their sincere thanks to the staff of the E-MRS for continuous support and timely advice in all organisational aspects. We are indebted to Dr. Erwan Guillotel (ICN2) for his assistance with the organisation of the symposium.

PREFACE: Colloidal and molecular electro-optics Colloidal and molecular electro-optics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Palberg, Thomas; Löwen, Hartmut

2010-12-01

The Kerr effect, also known as the quadratic electro-optic effect, was discovered more than a hundred years ago by John Kerr, a Scottish physicist [1]. It describes the change in the refractive index of a material in response to an applied electric field. Around 1950 its application swayed from simple to complex fluids. A strong contribution was made through a number of seminal papers by the French polymer scientist H Benoit [2-4]. These and others initiated wide interest from researchers working on macromolecular solutions or colloidal dispersions. Experimental activities were further boosted by the advent of the laser and theoretical approaches strongly drew from growing computer power. Use of AC or pulsed field techniques, as well as of inhomogeneous fields, including laser tweezers, studies of electrophoretic, dielectrophoretic, electro-osmotic and other types of motion by advanced optical methods and combinations with other external fields have had the greatest impact on our understanding of the electric field induced optical properties of soft matter systems. Today the field has matured and its techniques are broadly employed as versatile tools with applications ranging from biological systems to electronic ink. Fundamental interest still continues but more and more side branches have evolved fruitfully. This collection of papers was, therefore, brought together to take a fresh look at this traditional field. Further, we are to celebrate 35 years of a successful conference series, ELOPTO, with the last one held at Waldthausen Castle hosted by the Johannes Gutenberg University, MainzNote1 and the DFG Collaborative Research Centre TR6 'Physics of colloidal dispersions in external fields'Note2. In this issue we have collected the articles of some of the leading experts in the area, well garnished with novel approaches and clever ideas by younger colleagues. With our selection we hope to cover a representative spectrum of the ongoing research, catch the most exciting trends and earn the interest of a good fraction of contemporary soft matter scientists. Note1 http://www.elopto2010.fb08.uni-mainz.de Note2 http://www.sfb-tr6.de References [1] Weinberger P 2008 John Kerr and his effects found in 1877 and 1878 Phil. Mag. Lett. 88 897-907 [2] Benoit H 1948 Calcul de l'écart quadratique moyen entre les extrémités de diverses chaînes moléculaires de type usuel J. Polym. Sci. 3 376-87 [3] Benoit H 1949 Sur un dispositif de mesure de l'effet Kerr par impulsions electriques isoles Comptes Rendus 228 1716-8 [4] Benoit H 1951 Contribution a l'etude de l'effet Kerr presente par les solutions diluees de macromolecules rigide Ann. Phys. 6 561-609 Colloidal and molecular electro-optics contents Electric dichroism transients of aqueous solutions of DNA J A Bertolotto, G M Corral, E M Farias de La Torre and G B Roston The role of effective charges in the electrophoresis of highly charged colloids Apratim Chatterji and Jürgen Horbach Nonlinear response of the electric birefringence of polyelectrolyte solutions J L Déjardin and J M Martinez Kerr constant of multi-subunit particles and semiflexible, wormlike chains J García de la Torre, F G Díaz Baños and H E Pérez Sánchez Self-assembling electroactive hydrogels for flexible display technology Scott L Jones, Kok Hou Wong, Pall Thordarson and François Ladouceur Electrooptical effects in colloid systems subjected to short pulses of strong electric field S A Klemeshev, M P Petrov, A A Trusov and A V Voitylov The effect of ionic strength on electrical properties of polyelectrolyte multilayers on colloidal particles V Milkova and Ts Radeva Charge transport and current in non-polar liquids Kristiaan Neyts, Filip Beunis, Filip Strubbe, Matthias Marescaux, Bart Verboven, Masoumeh Karvar and Alwin Verschueren Ionic concentration- and pH-dependent electrophoretic mobility as studied by single colloid electrophoresis I Semenov, P Papadopoulos, G Stober and F Kremer Effect of magnesium ions and temperature on the sequence-dependent curvature of DNA restriction fragments Nancy C Stellwagen and Yongjun Lu A fluorescence correlation spectroscopy study of macromolecular tracer diffusion in polymer solutions Ute Zettl, Matthias Ballauff and Ludger Harnau Polymer concentration dependence of kilohertz electric polarizability of alumina colloid particles with adsorbed carboxymethyl cellulose Alexandar M Zhivkov and Rosen P Hristov

Clinical significance of plasma globotriaosylsphingosine levels in Chinese patients with Fabry disease.

PubMed

Ouyang, Yan; Chen, Bing; Pan, Xiaoxia; Wang, Zhaohui; Ren, Hong; Xu, Yaowen; Ni, Liyan; Yu, Xialian; Yang, Li; Chen, Nan

2018-04-01

Although plasma globotriaosylsphingosine (lyso-Gb3) is a promising biomarker of Fabry disease (FD), few studies have assessed the impact of lyso-Gb3 in patients with FD. A total of 38 patients diagnosed with FD at Ruijin Hospital between January 2012 and December 2014 were recruited in the current study. An additional 120 unrelated healthy individuals were selected as healthy controls. A simplified liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay was performed to determine lyso-Gb3 levels in plasma. Protein precipitation and glycolipid extraction were conducted using acetone/methanol. Clinical performance, including diagnostic value and disease surveillance, were compared between plasma lyso-Gb3 levels and α-galactosidase A (α-gal A) enzyme activity. The overall coefficient of variation values between inter- and intra-days varied between 2.8 and 18.9% and linearity correlation coefficients were ≥0.99 for all assays. Therefore, the effectiveness of the LC-MS/MS method was validated. Furthermore, a cut-off value of 0.81 ng/ml plasma lyso-Gb3 was able to separate patients with FD from healthy individuals. The sensitivity of this cut-off was 94.7% and the specificity was 100%. Compared with α-gal A enzyme activity, the diagnostic rate of patients assessed using plasma lyso-Gb3 levels was similar; however, there was a tighter correlation between plasma lyso-Gb3 levels and the mainz severity score index score in male patients (r=0.711 vs. r=-0.687). The sensitivity of plasma lyso-Gb3 in diagnosing female patients with FD was higher than α-gal A enzyme activity (82.4 vs. 23.5%). To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to report the effectiveness of plasma lyso-Gb3 levels in diagnosing Chinese patients with FD. Using α-gal A activity as a reference, the results of current study indicated that plasma lyso-Gb3 levels are more useful at diagnosing female patients with FD. Furthermore, plasma lyso-Gb3 levels are more suitable at determining overall disease severity in male patients.

First results of the CINDI-2 semi-blind MAX-DOAS intercomparison

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kreher, Karin; van Roozendael, Michel; Hendrick, Francois; Apituley, Arnoud; Friess, Udo; Lampel, Johannes; Piters, Ankie; Richter, Andreas; Wagner, Thomas; Cindi-2 Participants, All

2017-04-01

The second Cabauw Intercomparison campaign for Nitrogen Dioxide measuring Instruments (CINDI-2) took place at the Cabauw Experimental Site for Atmospheric Research (CESAR; Utrecht area, The Netherlands) from 25 August until 7 October 2016. The goals of this inter-comparison campaign are to support the creation of high-quality ground-based data sets (e.g. to provide reliable long-term time series for trend analysis and satellite data validation), to characterise and better understand the differences between a large number of MAX-DOAS and DOAS instruments and analysis methods, and to contribute to a harmonisation of the measurement settings and retrieval methods. During a time period of 17 days, from 12 to 28 September 2016, a formal semi-blind intercomparison was held following a detailed measurement protocol. The development of this protocol was based on the experience gained during the first CINDI campaign held in 2009 as well as more recent projects and campaigns such as the MADCAT campaign in Mainz, Germany, in 2013. Strong emphasis was put on the careful synchronisation of the measurement sequence and on exact alignment of the elevation angles using horizon scans and lamp measurements. In this presentation, we provide an overview and some highlights of the MAX-DOAS semi-blind intercomparison campaign. We will introduce the participating groups, their instruments and the measurement protocol details, and then summarize the campaign outcomes to date. The CINDI-2 data sets have been investigated using a range of diagnostics including comparisons of daily time series and relative differences between the data sets, regression analysis and correlation plots. The data products so far investigated are NO2 (nitrogen dioxide) in the UV and visible wavelength region, O4 (oxygen dimer) in the same two wavelength intervals, O3 (ozone) in the UV and visible wavelength region, HCHO (formaldehyde) and NO2 in an additional (smaller) wavelength range in the visible. The results based on the regression analysis are presented in summary plots and tables, addressing MAX-DOAS and twilight zenith sky measurements separately. Further information on instrumental details such as the alignment of the viewing direction and elevation and the field of view are also summarized and included in the overall interpretation.

In situ CO2 and tracer observations in the 2015/16 Arctic UTLS with the new HAGAR-V instrument on board the HALO research aircraft

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Volk, C. Michael; Wintel, Johannes; Lauther, Valentin; Gerhardt, Emil; vom Scheidt, Markus; Krause, Jens; Hoor, Peter

2017-04-01

During the POLSTRACC/GW-LCYCLE/SALSA (PGS) campaign the German High Altitude and LOng range research aircraft (HALO) intensively probed the bottom of the polar vortex and the adjacent mid to high latitude upper troposphere / lower stratosphere (UTLS) throughout the entire winter/spring during the extraordinarily cold Arctic winter 2015/16. A total of 18 science flights were performed from Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany, and Kiruna, Sweden, during three phases, in December 2015, early January to early February 2016, and late February to mid March 2016. During PGS, the University of Wuppertal deployed for the first time the High Altitude Gas Analyzer -V (HAGAR-V), a new 5-channel in-situ tracer instrument developed for HALO to study the chemical composition, dynamics, and transport in the UTLS. HAGAR-V combines i) a fast CO2 measurement by NDIR analyzer (every 1-3 s), ii) a 2-channel GC/ECD-system measuring long-lived tracers (during PGS: CH4, CFC-12, CFC-11 every 90s, SF6 every 30 s) and iii) a 2-channel GC/MS system targeting short-lived tracers (NMHCs and chlorinated hydrocarbons) with local lifetimes at the midlatitude tropopause ranging from several days to just under a year. The University of Mainz deployed the well-established TRIHOP instrument employing the TDL absorption technique to measure N2O, CH4, and CO every 10 s. We will give an overview of the new HAGAR-V instrument and present the measurements of CO2 and long-lived tracers, with a focus on the temporal development of vertical distributions and tracer correlations throughout the winter. In particular, an observed change of the correlation of CO2 with N2O between January and late February/March is likely caused by isentropic mixing in the high-latitude UTLS. We will also compare the tracer distributions during PGS with those observed from the M55 Geophysica aircraft during previous Arctic campaigns.

The effects of computer-based mindfulness training on Self-control and Mindfulness within Ambulatorily assessed network Systems across Health-related domains in a healthy student population (SMASH): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

PubMed

Rowland, Zarah; Wenzel, Mario; Kubiak, Thomas

2016-12-01

Self-control is an important ability in everyday life, showing associations with health-related outcomes. The aim of the Self-control and Mindfulness within Ambulatorily assessed network Systems across Health-related domains (SMASH) study is twofold: first, the effectiveness of a computer-based mindfulness training will be evaluated in a randomized controlled trial. Second, the SMASH study implements a novel network approach in order to investigate complex temporal interdependencies of self-control networks across several domains. The SMASH study is a two-armed, 6-week, non-blinded randomized controlled trial that combines seven weekly laboratory meetings and 40 days of electronic diary assessments with six prompts per day in a healthy undergraduate student population at the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany. Participants will be randomly assigned to (1) receive a computer-based mindfulness intervention or (2) to a wait-list control condition. Primary outcomes are self-reported momentary mindfulness and self-control assessed via electronic diaries. Secondary outcomes are habitual mindfulness and habitual self-control. Further measures include self-reported behaviors in specific self-control domains: emotion regulation, alcohol consumption and eating behaviors. The effects of mindfulness training on primary and secondary outcomes are explored using three-level mixed models. Furthermore, networks will be computed with vector autoregressive mixed models to investigate the dynamics at participant and group level. This study was approved by the local ethics committee (reference code 2015_JGU_psychEK_011) and follows the standards laid down in the Declaration of Helsinki (2013). This randomized controlled trial combines an intensive Ambulatory Assessment of 40 consecutive days and seven laboratory meetings. By implementing a novel network approach, underlying processes of self-control within different health domains will be identified. These results will deepen the understanding of self-control performance and will guide to just-in-time individual interventions for several health-related behaviors. ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02647801 . Registered on 15 December 2015 (registered retrospectively). .

Fabry disease under enzyme replacement therapy-new insights in efficacy of different dosages.

PubMed

Krämer, Johannes; Lenders, Malte; Canaan-Kühl, Sima; Nordbeck, Peter; Üçeyler, Nurcan; Blaschke, Daniela; Duning, Thomas; Reiermann, Stefanie; Stypmann, Jörg; Brand, Stefan-Martin; Gottschling, Timo; Störk, Stefan; Wanner, Christoph; Sommer, Claudia; Brand, Eva; Weidemann, Frank

2017-11-23

Fabry patients on reduced dose of agalsidase-beta or after switch to agalsidase-alfa show a decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and an increase of the Mainz Severity Score Index. In this prospective observational study, we assessed end-organ damage and clinical symptoms in 112 patients who had received agalsidase-beta (1.0 mg/kg) for >1 year, who were (i) non-randomly assigned to continue this treatment regime (regular-dose group, n = 37); (ii) received a reduced dose of agalsidase-beta and subsequent switch to agalsidase-alfa (0.2 mg/kg) or a direct switch to 0.2 mg/kg agalsidase-alfa (switch group, n = 38); or (iii) were re-switched to agalsidase-beta after receiving agalsidase-alfa for at least 12 months (re-switch group, n = 37) with a median follow-up of 53 (38-57) months. eGFR of patients in the regular-dose group remained stable. Patients in the switch group showed an annual eGFR loss of - 4.6  ±  9.1 mL/min/1.73 m2 (P < 0.05). Patients in the re-switch group also had an eGFR loss of - 2.2  ±  4.4 mL/min/1.73 m2 after re-switch to agalsidase-beta, but to a lower degree compared with the switch group (P < 0.05). Patients in the re-switch group suffered less frequently from diarrhoea (relative risk 0.42; 95% confidence interval 0.19-0.93; P = 0.02). Lyso-Gb3 remained stable in the switch (P = 0.97) and the regular-dose (P = 0.48) groups, but decreased in the re-switch group after change of the therapy regimen (P < 0.05). After switch to agalsidase-alfa, Fabry patients experienced a continuous decline in eGFR, while this decline was attenuated in patients who were re-switched to agalsidase-beta. Decreasing lyso-Gb3 levels may indicate a better treatment response in the latter group. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of ERA-EDTA. All rights reserved.

The interaction of ozone and nitrogen dioxide in the stratosphere of East Antarctica

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bruchkouski, Ilya; Krasouski, Aliaksandr; Dziomin, Victar; Svetashev, Alexander

2016-04-01

At the Russian Antarctic station "Progress" (S69°23´, E76°23´) simultaneous measurements of trace gases using the MARS-B (Multi-Axis Recorder of Spectra) instrument and PION-UV spectro-radiometer for the time period from 05.01.2014 to 28.02.2014 have been performed. Both instruments were located outdoors. The aim of the measurements was to retrieve the vertical distribution of ozone and nitrogen dioxide in the atmosphere and to study their variability during the period of measurements. The MARS-B instrument, developed at the National Ozone Monitoring Research and Education Centre of the Belarusian State University (NOMREC BSU), successfully passed the procedure of international inter-comparison campaign MAD-CAT 2013 in Mainz, Germany. The instrument is able to record the spectra of scattered sunlight at different elevation angles within a maximum aperture of 1.3°. 12 elevation angles have been used in this study, including the zenith direction. Approximately 7000 spectra per day were registered in the range of 403-486 nm, which were then processed by DOAS technique aiming to retrieve differential slant columns of ozone, nitrogen dioxide and oxygen dimer. Furthermore, total nitrogen dioxide column values have been retrieved employing the Libradtran radiative transfer model. The PION-UV spectro-radiometer, also developed at NOMREC BSU, is able to record the spectra of scattered sunlight from the hemisphere in the range of 280-430 nm. The registered spectra have been used to retrieve the total ozone column values employing the Stamnes method. In this study observational data from both instruments is presented and analyzed. Furthermore, by combining analysis of this data with model simulations it is shown that decreases in nitrogen dioxide content in the upper atmosphere can be associated with increases in total ozone column values and rising of the ozone layer upper boundary. Finally, the time delay between changes in nitrogen dioxide and ozone values is calculated from the observed time series, demonstrating that changes in nitrogen dioxide content cause subsequent changes in the ozone layer. Attempt to explain this phenomenon as influence upper atmosphere on ozone layer is under discussed.

[Development and evaluation of a pyrogen test based on human whole blood

PubMed

Hartung, Thomas; Fennrich, Stefan; Fischer, Matthias; Montag-Lessing, Thomas; Wendel, Albrecht

1998-01-01

When cells of the immune system, especially blood monocytes and macrophages, come into contact with pyrogenic (fever-inducing) contaminations, they secrete messenger molecules which initiate an hyperthermic reaction in the organism. Of this group of endogenous pyrogens, most is known about interleukin-1 (IL-1). A new pyrogen test makes use of this reaction as a system for detection: The substances which are to be screened are incubated with a small volume of blood from a healthy donor. Any pyrogens present induce the production of IL-1 which can be detected by ELISA. This test has a higher sensitivity and is more economical than the conventional pyrogen test in rabbits and furthermore reflects the reaction of the relevant species. In contrast to the customary alternative method, the Limulus amoebocyte lysate test (LAL), this test is not restricted to endotoxins from Gram-negative bacteria and is also not hindered by substances which bind endotoxins, such as blood proteins, to the same extent. Consequently, more than 50 non-endotoxin pyrogens have already been traced by this test. The whole blood test is even superior to the LAL in regard to the detection of endotoxins: in a comparison of about 60 endotoxins, there was a correlation of the potency of the individual endotoxins between the whole blood test and the pyrogen test in rabbits, but neither test correlated with the LAL test. In some cases, endotoxins with equal effects in the LAL test differed in potency in the human blood model by a factor of 10 000. A method has been developed by which cryopreserved blood can be put to use in the test. In this way, blood donations from a donor can be pre-tested so that uniform material may be employed in the test. This test opens up entirely new perspectives on pyrogen testing for Gram-positive or fungal pyrogens as well as in medicinal products. In addition, it could fill the dangerous security gap which might result from the limitations of testing medications and blood products with LAL only. The project was supported by ZEBET, D-Berlin, BMBF, D-Bonn, and set, D-Mainz.

The prevalence of amblyopia in Germany: data from the prospective, population-based Gutenberg Health Study.

PubMed

Elflein, Heike M; Fresenius, Susanne; Lamparter, Julia; Pitz, Susanne; Pfeiffer, Norbert; Binder, Harald; Wild, Philipp; Mirshahi, Alireza

2015-05-08

Amblyopia is due to insufficient development of the visual system in early childhood and is a major source of lifelong impairment of visual acuity. Too little is known about the prevalence of amblyopia in Germany and the frequency of its various causes. The Gutenberg Health Study of the University of Mainz Faculty of Medicine is an ongoing population-based, prospective, monocentric cohort study with 15 010 participants aged 35 to 74. All participants are examined for the presence of ocular, cardiovascular, neoplastic, metabolic, immunologic, and mental diseases. 3227 participants aged 35 to 44 underwent ophthalmological examination from 2007 to 2012. Amblyopia was defined as impaired visual acuity in the absence of any organic pathology capable of explaining the condition, and in the presence of a known risk factor for amblyopia. Amblyopia, when defined as a visual acuity less than or equal to 0.63, was present in 182 participants (5.6%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.9-6.5%), 120 of whom had a visual acuity less than or equal to 0.5 (3.7%, 95% CI 3.3-5.2%). A narrower definition of amblyopia requiring, in addition, an interocular difference in acuity of at least two lines yielded slightly lower prevalence figures: 5.0% (95% CI 4.2-5.8%) and 3.7% (95% CI 3.1-4.4%), respectively. The causes of amblyopia (visual acuity ≤ 0.63) were anisometropia (different refractive strengths of the two eyes) in 49% of participants, strabismus (a squint) in 23%, both of these factors in 17%, and visual deprivation in 2%. 3 patients (2%) had relative amblyopia due to a traumatic cataract sustained in early childhood. 7% of the participants with amblyopia had binocular amblyopia. This study yielded a prevalence figure of 5.6% for amblyopia in Germany-a higher figure than in other, comparable population-based studies, which have generally yielded figures of ca. 3% for visual acuity ≤ 0.63. The distribution of the causes of amblyopia is similar across studies.

Clinical and Radiological Long-Term Outcome of a Tapered Implant System with Special Emphasis on the Influence of Augmentation Procedures.

PubMed

Schiegnitz, Eik; Al-Nawas, Bilal; Tegner, Alexander; Sagheb, Keyvan; Berres, Manfred; Kämmerer, Peer W; Wagner, Wilfried

2016-08-01

Tapered implant designs aim to improve primary stability and implant survival in soft bone. However, respective clinical long-term data are scarce. Therefore, a clinical and radiological evaluation of the long-term success of a transgingival-supracrestal inserted tapered implant system with special emphasis on the influence of augmentation procedures was conducted. In a retrospective study design, all in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the University Medical Centre, Mainz, Germany, between May 2002 and March 2012, placed tapered implants (Straumann TE®, Basel, Switzerland) were analyzed. In this time period, a total of one hundred ninety-seven tapered implants were inserted in 90 patients. For patients available for clinical recall, success criteria according to Albrektsson and Buser were evaluated. The in situ rate was 96.3% after an average time in situ of 62 ± 31 months. In one hundred twenty-seven sites, bone augmentation procedures were performed. Hereof, 96 sites were sinus augmentation procedures and 31 sites were alveolar ridge augmentations. For patients with sinus augmentation procedures, implant survival was 97.9% and for patients with alveolar ridge augmentations, implant survival was 93.5% after 5 years, indicating a higher implant survival for sinus augmentation, however not statistically different (p = .194). Implant diameter and timing of implant placement had no significant impact on implant survival (p > .05). Mean marginal bone loss was -0.50 ± 1.54 mm for patients receiving maxillary sinus augmentation and -1.16 ± 1.13 mm for patients with alveolar ridge augmentations, indicating a lower marginal bone loss in patients receiving maxillary sinus augmentation (p = .046). Implant success rates ranged between 88% and 92% after a mean follow-up of 6 years. Within the limits of the retrospective character of this study, the tapered soft tissue level implant showed especially in maxillary sinus augmentation promising long-term survival and success rates and a low peri-implant bone resorption compared with the literature. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The alanine detector in BNCT dosimetry: Dose response in thermal and epithermal neutron fields

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Schmitz, T., E-mail: schmito@uni-mainz.de; Bassler, N.; Blaickner, M.

Purpose: The response of alanine solid state dosimeters to ionizing radiation strongly depends on particle type and energy. Due to nuclear interactions, neutron fields usually also consist of secondary particles such as photons and protons of diverse energies. Various experiments have been carried out in three different neutron beams to explore the alanine dose response behavior and to validate model predictions. Additionally, application in medical neutron fields for boron neutron capture therapy is discussed. Methods: Alanine detectors have been irradiated in the thermal neutron field of the research reactor TRIGA Mainz, Germany, in five experimental conditions, generating different secondary particlemore » spectra. Further irradiations have been made in the epithermal neutron beams at the research reactors FiR 1 in Helsinki, Finland, and Tsing Hua open pool reactor in HsinChu, Taiwan ROC. Readout has been performed with electron spin resonance spectrometry with reference to an absorbed dose standard in a {sup 60}Co gamma ray beam. Absorbed doses and dose components have been calculated using the Monte Carlo codes FLUKA and MCNP. The relative effectiveness (RE), linking absorbed dose and detector response, has been calculated using the Hansen and Olsen alanine response model. Results: The measured dose response of the alanine detector in the different experiments has been evaluated and compared to model predictions. Therefore, a relative effectiveness has been calculated for each dose component, accounting for its dependence on particle type and energy. Agreement within 5% between model and measurement has been achieved for most irradiated detectors. Significant differences have been observed in response behavior between thermal and epithermal neutron fields, especially regarding dose composition and depth dose curves. The calculated dose components could be verified with the experimental results in the different primary and secondary particle fields. Conclusions: The alanine detector can be used without difficulty in neutron fields. The response has been understood with the model used which includes the relative effectiveness. Results and the corresponding discussion lead to the conclusion that application in neutron fields for medical purpose is limited by its sensitivity but that it is a useful tool as supplement to other detectors and verification of neutron source descriptions.« less

Innovative Strategies to Develop Chemical Categories Using a Combination of Structural and Toxicological Properties.

PubMed

Batke, Monika; Gütlein, Martin; Partosch, Falko; Gundert-Remy, Ursula; Helma, Christoph; Kramer, Stefan; Maunz, Andreas; Seeland, Madeleine; Bitsch, Annette

2016-01-01

Interest is increasing in the development of non-animal methods for toxicological evaluations. These methods are however, particularly challenging for complex toxicological endpoints such as repeated dose toxicity. European Legislation, e.g., the European Union's Cosmetic Directive and REACH, demands the use of alternative methods. Frameworks, such as the Read-across Assessment Framework or the Adverse Outcome Pathway Knowledge Base, support the development of these methods. The aim of the project presented in this publication was to develop substance categories for a read-across with complex endpoints of toxicity based on existing databases. The basic conceptual approach was to combine structural similarity with shared mechanisms of action. Substances with similar chemical structure and toxicological profile form candidate categories suitable for read-across. We combined two databases on repeated dose toxicity, RepDose database, and ELINCS database to form a common database for the identification of categories. The resulting database contained physicochemical, structural, and toxicological data, which were refined and curated for cluster analyses. We applied the Predictive Clustering Tree (PCT) approach for clustering chemicals based on structural and on toxicological information to detect groups of chemicals with similar toxic profiles and pathways/mechanisms of toxicity. As many of the experimental toxicity values were not available, this data was imputed by predicting them with a multi-label classification method, prior to clustering. The clustering results were evaluated by assessing chemical and toxicological similarities with the aim of identifying clusters with a concordance between structural information and toxicity profiles/mechanisms. From these chosen clusters, seven were selected for a quantitative read-across, based on a small ratio of NOAEL of the members with the highest and the lowest NOAEL in the cluster (< 5). We discuss the limitations of the approach. Based on this analysis we propose improvements for a follow-up approach, such as incorporation of metabolic information and more detailed mechanistic information. The software enables the user to allocate a substance in a cluster and to use this information for a possible read- across. The clustering tool is provided as a free web service, accessible at http://mlc-reach.informatik.uni-mainz.de.

Cellular uptake and in vitro antitumor efficacy of composite liposomes for neutron capture therapy.

PubMed

Peters, Tanja; Grunewald, Catrin; Blaickner, Matthias; Ziegner, Markus; Schütz, Christian; Iffland, Dorothee; Hampel, Gabriele; Nawroth, Thomas; Langguth, Peter

2015-02-22

Neutron capture therapy for glioblastoma has focused mainly on the use of (10)B as neutron capture isotope. However, (157)Gd offers several advantages over boron, such as higher cross section for thermal neutrons and the possibility to perform magnetic resonance imaging during neutron irradiation, thereby combining therapy and diagnostics. We have developed different liposomal formulations of gadolinium-DTPA (Magnevist®) for application in neutron capture therapy of glioblastoma. The formulations were characterized physicochemically and tested in vitro in a glioma cell model for their effectiveness. Liposomes entrapping gadolinium-DTPA as neutron capture agent were manufactured via lipid/film-extrusion method and characterized with regard to size, entrapment efficiency and in vitro release. For neutron irradiation, F98 and LN229 glioma cells were incubated with the newly developed liposomes and subsequently irradiated at the thermal column of the TRIGA reactor in Mainz. The dose rate derived from neutron irradiation with (157)Gd as neutron capturing agent was calculated via Monte Carlo simulations and set in relation to the respective cell survival. The liposomal Gd-DTPA reduced cell survival of F98 and LN229 cells significantly. Differences in liposomal composition of the formulations led to distinctly different outcome in cell survival. The amount of cellular Gd was not at all times proportional to cell survival, indicating that intracellular deposition of formulated Gd has a major influence on cell survival. The majority of the dose contribution arises from photon cross irradiation compared to a very small Gd-related dose. Liposomal gadolinium formulations represent a promising approach for neutron capture therapy of glioblastoma cells. The liposome composition determines the uptake and the survival of cells following radiation, presumably due to different uptake pathways of liposomes and intracellular deposition of gadolinium-DTPA. Due to the small range of the Auger and conversion electrons produced in (157)Gd capture, the proximity of Gd-atoms to cellular DNA is a crucial factor for infliction of lethal damage. Furthermore, Gd-containing liposomes may be used as MRI contrast agents for diagnostic purposes and surveillance of tumor targeting, thus enabling a theranostic approach for tumor therapy.

Mapping Hispanic-Serving Institutions: A Typology of Institutional Diversity

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Núñez, Anne-Marie; Crisp, Gloria; Elizondo, Diane

2016-01-01

Hispanic-Serving Institutions (HSIs), institutions that enroll at least 25% Hispanic students, are institutionally diverse, including a much wider array of institutional types than other Minority-Serving Institutions (MSIs). Furthermore, they have distinctive institutional characteristics from those typically emphasized in institutional typologies…

OPTIMA prelim: a randomised feasibility study of personalised care in the treatment of women with early breast cancer.

PubMed

Stein, Robert C; Dunn, Janet A; Bartlett, John M S; Campbell, Amy F; Marshall, Andrea; Hall, Peter; Rooshenas, Leila; Morgan, Adrienne; Poole, Christopher; Pinder, Sarah E; Cameron, David A; Stallard, Nigel; Donovan, Jenny L; McCabe, Christopher; Hughes-Davies, Luke; Makris, Andreas

2016-02-01

There is uncertainty about the chemotherapy sensitivity of some oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative breast cancers. Multiparameter assays that measure the expression of several tumour genes simultaneously have been developed to guide the use of adjuvant chemotherapy for this breast cancer subtype. The assays provide prognostic information and have been claimed to predict chemotherapy sensitivity. There is a dearth of prospective validation studies. The Optimal Personalised Treatment of early breast cancer usIng Multiparameter Analysis preliminary study (OPTIMA prelim) is the feasibility phase of a randomised controlled trial (RCT) designed to validate the use of multiparameter assay directed chemotherapy decisions in the NHS. OPTIMA prelim was designed to establish the acceptability to patients and clinicians of randomisation to test-driven treatment assignment compared with usual care and to select an assay for study in the main RCT. Partially blinded RCT with adaptive design. Thirty-five UK hospitals. Patients aged ≥ 40 years with surgically treated ER-positive HER2-negative primary breast cancer and with 1-9 involved axillary nodes, or, if node negative, a tumour at least 30 mm in diameter. Randomisation between two treatment options. Option 1 was standard care consisting of chemotherapy followed by endocrine therapy. In option 2, an Oncotype DX(®) test (Genomic Health Inc., Redwood City, CA, USA) performed on the resected tumour was used to assign patients either to standard care [if 'recurrence score' (RS) was > 25] or to endocrine therapy alone (if RS was ≤ 25). Patients allocated chemotherapy were blind to their randomisation. The pre-specified success criteria were recruitment of 300 patients in no longer than 2 years and, for the final 150 patients, (1) an acceptance rate of at least 40%; (2) recruitment taking no longer than 6 months; and (3) chemotherapy starting within 6 weeks of consent in at least 85% of patients. Between September 2012 and 3 June 2014, 350 patients consented to join OPTIMA prelim and 313 were randomised; the final 150 patients were recruited in 6 months, of whom 92% assigned chemotherapy started treatment within 6 weeks. The acceptance rate for the 750 patients invited to participate was 47%. Twelve out of the 325 patients with data (3.7%, 95% confidence interval 1.7% to 5.8%) were deemed ineligible on central review of receptor status. Interviews with researchers and recordings of potential participant consultations made as part of the integral qualitative recruitment study provided insights into recruitment barriers and led to interventions designed to improve recruitment. Patient information was changed as the result of feedback from three patient focus groups. Additional multiparameter analysis was performed on 302 tumour samples. Although Oncotype DX, MammaPrint(®)/BluePrint(®) (Agendia Inc., Irvine, CA, USA), Prosigna(®) (NanoString Technologies Inc., Seattle, WA, USA), IHC4, IHC4 automated quantitative immunofluorescence (AQUA(®)) [NexCourse BreastTM (Genoptix Inc. Carlsbad, CA, USA)] and MammaTyper(®) (BioNTech Diagnostics GmbH, Mainz, Germany) categorised comparable numbers of tumours into low- or high-risk groups and/or equivalent molecular subtypes, there was only moderate agreement between tests at an individual tumour level (kappa ranges 0.33-0.60 and 0.39-0.55 for tests providing risks and subtypes, respectively). Health economics modelling showed the value of information to the NHS from further research into multiparameter testing is high irrespective of the test evaluated. Prosigna is currently the highest priority for further study. OPTIMA prelim has achieved its aims of demonstrating that a large UK clinical trial of multiparameter assay-based selection of chemotherapy in hormone-sensitive early breast cancer is feasible. The economic analysis shows that a trial would be economically worthwhile for the NHS. Based on the outcome of the OPTIMA prelim, a large-scale RCT to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of multiparameter assay-directed chemotherapy decisions in hormone-sensitive HER2-negative early breast would be appropriate to take place in the NHS. Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN42400492. This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 20, No. 10. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information. The Government of Ontario funded research at the Ontario Institute for Cancer Research. Robert C Stein received additional support from the NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre.

NASA X-Ray Observatory Completes Tests Under Harsh Simulated Space Conditions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

1998-07-01

NASA's most powerful X-ray observatory has successfully completed a month-long series of tests in the extreme heat, cold, and airless conditions it will encounter in space during its five-year mission to shed new light on some of the darkest mysteries of the universe. The Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility was put through the rigorous testing as it was alternately heated and cooled in a special vacuum chamber at TRW Space and Electronics Group in Redondo Beach, Calif., NASA's prime contractor for the observatory. "Successful completion of thermal vacuum testing marks a significant step in readying the observatory for launch aboard the Space Shuttle in January," said Fred Wojtalik, manager of the Observatory Projects Office at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Ala. "The observatory is a complex, highly sophisticated, precision instrument," explained Wojtalik. "We are pleased with the outcome of the testing, and are very proud of the tremendous team of NASA and contractor technicians, engineers and scientists that came together and worked hard to meet this challenging task." Testing began in May after the observatory was raised into the 60-foot thermal vacuum chamber at TRW. Testing was completed on June 20. During the tests the Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility was exposed to 232 degree heat and 195 degree below zero Fahrenheit cold. During four temperature cycles, all elements of the observatory - the spacecraft, telescope, and science instruments - were checked out. Computer commands directing the observatory to perform certain functions were sent from test consoles at TRW to all Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility components. A team of contractor and NASA engineers and scientists monitored and evaluated the results. Commands were also sent from, and test data monitored at, the Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility Operations Control Center in Cambridge, Mass., as part of the test series. The observatory will be managed and controlled from the Operations Control Center after launch. "As is usually the case, we identified a few issues to be resolved before launch," said Wojtalik. "Overall, however, the observatory performed exceptionally well." The observatory test team discovered a mechanical problem with one of the primary science instruments, the Imaging Spectrometer. A door protecting the instrument did not function when commanded by test controllers. "We do these tests to check and double check every aspect of satellite operation that could affect the ultimate success of the science mission," said Craig Staresinich, TRW Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility program manager. "Discovering a problem now is a success. Discovering a problem later, after launch, would be a failure." A team of NASA and contractor engineers are studying the mechanical problem and developing a plan to correct it. The instrument will be sent back to its builder, Lockheed-Martin Astronautics in Denver, Colo., where it will be repaired while the rest of the observatory continues other testing. This should still allow an on-time delivery of the observatory to NASA's Kennedy Space Center, Fla., in August, where it will be readied for launch in January. With a resolving power 10 times greater than previous X-ray telescopes, the new X-ray observatory will provide scientists with views of previously invisible X-ray sources, including black holes, exploding stars and interstellar gasses. The third of NASA's Great Observatories, it will join the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory and the Hubble Space Telescope in orbit. The Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility program is managed by the Marshall Center for the Office of Space Science, NASA Headquarters, Washington, D.C. TRW Space & Electronics Group is assembling the observatory and doing verification testing. The Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility Operations Control Center is operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. Using glass purchased from Schott Glaswerke, Mainz, Germany, the telescope's mirrors were built by Raytheon Optical Systems Inc., Danbury, Conn. The mirrors were coated by Optical Coating Laboratory, Inc., Santa Rosa, Calif., and assembled by EastmanKodak Co., Rochester, N.Y. The Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility Charge-Coupled Device Imaging Spectrometer was developed by Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pa., and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge. One diffraction grating was developed by MIT, the other by the Space Research Organization Netherlands, Utrecht, Netherlands, in collaboration with the Max Planck Institute, Garching, Germany. The High Resolution Camera was built by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corporation of Boulder, Colo., developed the aspect camera and the Science Instrument Module. Note to editors: Digital images to accompany this release are available via the World Wide Web at the following URL: http://chandra.harvard.edu/press/images.html

Use of the dog as non-rodent test species in the safety testing schedule associated with the registration of crop and plant protection products (pesticides): present status.

PubMed

Box, Rainer J; Spielmann, Horst

2005-11-01

The results from a survey of the expert information that is publicly accessible on the use of the dog as test species during the regulatory evaluation of agricultural chemicals and pesticides are reported. Methods that are being used or considered in order to reduce the number of dogs used for this purpose are described. Regulatory evaluation aims at establishing threshold values for safe human exposure; it is based on no-observed-adverse-effect levels (NOELs) determined in animal studies. Current regulations require testing in two species, a rodent species (usually rat or mouse), and a non-rodent species (usually the dog). Subchronic (90-day) and chronic (12-month) repeated-dose feeding studies must be routinely conducted in dogs. This report first focuses on the results from a retrospective study analysing data on 216 pesticides kept on record by the Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung, BfR (German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment), the competent regulatory authority in Germany. The study was sponsored and coordinated by SET, the German Foundation for the Promotion of Research on Replacement and Complementary Methods to Reduce Animal Testing (Stiftung zur Förderung der Erforschung von Ersatz-und Ergänzungsmethoden zur Einschränkung von Tierversuchen, Mainz) and conducted by the BfR. Since the data submitted for registration of a product is the property of the manufacturer, the study could only proceed with the collaboration of the German Association of Manufacturers of Agricultural Chemicals (Industrieverband Agrar, IVA). To ensure confidentiality, designated codes were used instead of the compounds' proper names when the study was published. The results support two major conclusions. The use of the dog for the testing of pesticides is indeed necessary because the dog has proved to be the most sensitive species for about 15% of the compounds examined. However, chronic studies are only of limited value since they only provide essential information that cannot be obtained in sub-chronic studies in about 5% of cases. These conclusions are supported by several retrospective analyses using data on pharmaceutical drugs carried out in the context of the International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for the Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH). Over 90% of drugs elicited no toxic symptoms in 12-month studies in dogs in addition to those that had been recorded previously in studies conducted for 90 or 180 days in dogs and rats. Another approach comparing the results from pre-clinical animal studies with clinical studies noted that animal studies predicted about 70% of the effects observed in volunteers, and in about 94% of cases the effects occurred in animal studies lasting not more than one month. Furthermore, the report summarises the current methods under consideration that could refine or reduce the use of dogs in toxicity testing: industrial data sharing and harmonisation of guidelines, in vitro methods, human studies, computational prediction models, and integrated testing approaches. The integrated Agricultural Chemicals Safety Assessment (ACSA) testing scheme, which is currently being developed in an international project initiated by the International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI, USA), is of particular relevance, since an ambitious attempt is being made to design a new comprehensive test framework incorporating modern scientific approaches and covering most aspects of current regulatory testing requirements. The ACSA project has access to the pesticide database of the US EPA's Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP). Preliminary results have confirmed the two major conclusions from the joint SET/BfR study conducted in Germany. Taking these results into account, it is recommended that the regulatory requirement for 12-month studies to be routinely carried out in dogs should be abandoned. While 90-day studies should be conducted in both rats and dogs, chronic studies should only take place in rats. If the dog is more sensitive than the rat in the 90-day study, an additional safety factor to the NOEL value obtained in the chronic rat study should be applied in order to set the threshold for safe human exposure, instead of conducting a 12-month study in dogs. This safety factor may be calculated from chronic NOEL data available in several pesticide databases. Chronic tests using dogs would then only be required if the test compound belongs to a new class of chemicals that has never been tested before. Thus, the report concludes that, according to current scientific knowledge, the routine 12-month studies in dogs are no longer required for agricultural chemicals and pesticides, and international regulations should be changed accordingly. Active international support of such measures is welcomed, from both an economical and an animal welfare perspective.

PREFACE: Rutherford Centennial Conference on Nuclear Physics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Freeman, Sean

2012-09-01

Just over one hundred years ago, Ernest Rutherford presented an interpretation of alpha-particle scattering experiments, performed a couple of years earlier by Geiger and Marsden, to the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society. The work was summarised shortly afterwards in a paper in the Philosophical Magazine. He postulated that a dense speck of matter must exist at the centre of an atom (later to become known as the nucleus) if the details of the experiments, particularly the yield of alpha particles scattered through large angles, were to be explained. The nuclear hypothesis, combined with the experimental work by Moseley on X-rays and Bohr's theoretical ideas, both also initiated at the Victoria University of Manchester, established our view of atomic structure and gave birth to the field of nuclear physics. The Rutherford Centennial Conference on Nuclear Physics was held at The University of Manchester in August 2011 to celebrate this anniversary by addressing the wide range of contemporary topics that characterise modern nuclear physics. This set of proceedings covers areas including nuclear structure and astrophysics, hadron structure and spectroscopy, fundamental interactions studied within the nucleus and results of relativistic heavy-ion collisions. We would like to thank all those who presented their recent research results at the conference; the proceedings stand as a testament to the excitement and interest that still pervades the pursuit of this field of physics. We would also like to thank those who contributed in other ways to the conference. To colleagues at the Manchester Museum of Science and Industry for putting together an exhibition to coincide with the conference that included the manuscript of the 1911 paper, letters, notebooks and equipment used by Rutherford. These items were kindly loaned by Cambridge and Manchester Universities. Winton Capital generously supported this exhibition. We would also like to thank Professor Mary Fowler, Rutherford's great-granddaughter, and Professor Stephen Watts, Head of the School of Physics and Astronomy at Manchester, for opening the exhibition as part of the welcome reception for the conference. The reception was only possible with support from Canberra Industries. We are grateful to His Excellency Mr Derek Leask, New Zealand High Commissioner to the United Kingdom, to Professor Rod Coombs, Deputy President of The University of Manchester, and to Professor David Phillips, the President of the Royal Society of Chemistry, for their contributions to the formal opening of the conference. Manchester City Council kindly supported a civic reception hosted by the Lord Mayor of the City of Manchester, Councillor Harry Lyons JP, at Manchester Town Hall. The Ogden Trust helped support the conference dinner and Professor George Dracoulis provided an entertaining after dinner speech. Thank you for these contributions to the social programme of the conference. In addition to the exhibition at the Museum, which was open to the public until October 2011, the conference programme also included a series of public evening lectures and we are grateful both to the speakers (David Jenkins, Alan Perkins and John Roberts) and to those providing support for the public engagement activities (the Institute of Physics Nuclear Physics Group, the Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine, the Nuclear Institute and the Science and Technology Facilities Council). We would also like to thank the European Physical Society for providing conference travel grants to a number of young scientists. I would like to take this opportunity to thank the other members of the UK Organising Committee for their help in making the conference a success and for their work in putting these proceedings together. In addition, the International Advisory Committee provided essential advice that contributed to the selection of the plenary speakers who were without exception engaging, interesting and entertaining, giving a really excellent set of presentations. Finally we are also pleased to express our thanks to the Conference Office of the Institute of Physics for their invaluable support in organising this event. We are especially grateful to Dawn Stewart for her responsive and efficient day-to-day handling of this event, as well as to Claire Garland for her planning and management of this event. This conference is the second in a series of conferences that began with the Rutherford Jubilee Conference held in Manchester in 1961, which is described in one of the contributions to these proceedings. I do hope that at least some of the delegates from the Centennial Conference will be able to attend the next one, fifty years hence in 2061, just as we were honoured to have some of the Jubilee delegates with us for the Centennial. If I am still around, I doubt that I will have the energy then to be conference chair. I would also not like to attempt to predict the plenary programme, but I hope that it will be as vibrant and exciting as the 2011 conference. Professor Sean J Freeman Conference Chair On behalf of the UK Organising Committee Ernest Rutherford Ernest Rutherford (Photograph courtesy of The University of Manchester) Edited by: Sean Freeman (The University of Manchester) Andrei Andreyev (University of the West of Scotland/The University of York) Alison Bruce (University of Brighton) Alick Deacon (The University of Manchester) Dave Jenkins (University of York) Dave Joss (University of Liverpool) Douglas MacGregor (University of Glasgow) Paddy Regan (University of Surrey) John Simpson (University of Daresbury) Garry Tungate (University of Birmingham) Bob Wadsworth (University of York) Dan Watts (University of Edinburgh) International Advisory Panel: A Aprahamian (Notre Dame, USA) J Äystö (Jyväskylä, Finland) F Aziaez (Orsay, France) J-P Blaizot (Saclay, France/ECT, Italy) A Bracco (Milan, Italy) H Caines (Yale, USA) C W de Jaeger (JLAB, USA) J Dilling (TRIUMF, Canada) J Dobacewski (Warsaw, Poland) G Dracoulis (ANU, Australia) S J Freedman (LBL, USA) M Hass (Weizmann Institute, Israel) M Huyse (Leuven, Belgium) P Jones (Birmingham, UK) D Khao (Hanoi, Vietnam) R Krücken (Munich, Germany) K Langanke (Darmstadt, Germany) C Lister (Argonne, USA) G A Miller (University of Washington, USA) D Morrissey (MSU, USA) T Motobayashi (RIKEN, Japan) S Nagamiya (J-PARC, Japan) W Nazarewicz (ORNL, USA) S Mullins (iThemba, South Africa) T Nakamura (Tokyo, Japan) P Roussel Chomaz (GANIL, France) R Ribas (Sao Paolo, Brazil) M Vanderhaeghen (Mainz, Germany) U Wiedner (Uppsala, Sweden) F Xu (Peking University, China) Q Zhao (IHEP, Bejing) W Zajc (Columbia, USA)

75 FR 52762 - National Eye Institute; Notice of Closed Meeting

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Institute Study Report

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Whitaker, Ann; Steadman, Jackie; Little, Sally; Underwood, Debra; Blackman, Mack; Simonds, Judy

1997-01-01

This report documents a study conducted by the MSFC working group on Institutes in 1995 on the structure, organization and business arrangements of Institutes at a time when the agency was considering establishing science institutes. Thirteen institutes, ten science centers associated with the state of Georgia, Stanford Research Institute (SRI), and IIT Research Institute (IITRI), and general data on failed institutes were utilized to form this report. The report covers the working group's findings on institute mission, structure, director, board of directors/advisors, the working environment, research arrangements, intellectual property rights, business management, institute funding, and metrics.

34 CFR 668.26 - End of an institution's participation in the Title IV, HEA programs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... institution's students; (2) The institution loses its institutional eligibility under 34 CFR part 600; (3) The...) All financial, performance, and other reports required by appropriate Title IV, HEA program... Aid Report to the institution or when an institution has received a valid institutional student...

INSTITUTION - DYNAMAP V.12.2

EPA Science Inventory

GDT Institutions represents point locations within New England for common institution landmark types including hospitals, educational institutions, religious institutions, government centers, and cemeteries

77 FR 71428 - National Eye Institute; Notice of Closed Meeting

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2012-11-30

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78 FR 24427 - National Institutes of Health

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2013-04-25

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77 FR 15783 - National Cancer Institute; Notice of Closed Meeting

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2012-03-16

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45 CFR 618.105 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... applicant or recipient that is an institution of graduate higher education, an institution of undergraduate higher education, an institution of professional education, or an institution of vocational education, as... of insurance or guaranty. Institution of graduate higher education means an institution that: (1...

45 CFR 618.105 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... applicant or recipient that is an institution of graduate higher education, an institution of undergraduate higher education, an institution of professional education, or an institution of vocational education, as... of insurance or guaranty. Institution of graduate higher education means an institution that: (1...

45 CFR 618.105 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... applicant or recipient that is an institution of graduate higher education, an institution of undergraduate higher education, an institution of professional education, or an institution of vocational education, as... of insurance or guaranty. Institution of graduate higher education means an institution that: (1...

32 CFR 266.5 - Responsibilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... AUDITS OF STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS, INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, AND OTHER NONPROFIT INSTITUTIONS... governments, institutions of higher education and other nonprofit institutions. (2) For State and local governments, institutions of higher education, and other nonprofit institutions for which the OMB has assigned...

32 CFR 266.5 - Responsibilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... AUDITS OF STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS, INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, AND OTHER NONPROFIT INSTITUTIONS... governments, institutions of higher education and other nonprofit institutions. (2) For State and local governments, institutions of higher education, and other nonprofit institutions for which the OMB has assigned...

32 CFR 266.5 - Responsibilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... AUDITS OF STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS, INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, AND OTHER NONPROFIT INSTITUTIONS... governments, institutions of higher education and other nonprofit institutions. (2) For State and local governments, institutions of higher education, and other nonprofit institutions for which the OMB has assigned...

78 FR 70930 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Submission to the Office of Management and Budget for...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-27

... Hawaiian-Serving Institutions, Asian-American and Native American Pacific Islander-Serving Institutions, Native American Serving Institutions, Hispanic-Serving Institutions, Hispanic-Serving Institutions... Hispanic Americans, and Predominantly Black Institutions Programs. These programs award discretionary...

Search for Integration of Theory and Practice: The Early History and Analysis of Three Innovative Graduate Institutions. ASHE 1986 Annual Meeting Paper.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Betters-Reed, Bonita L.

The origin and establishment of three innovative graduate institutions in the Boston, Massachusetts, area were assessed: The Arthur D. Little Management Education Institute, The Massachusetts General Hospital Institute of Health Professions, and the Wang Institute of Graduate Studies. These institutions started in non-educational institutions and…

Working with layers: The governance and regulation of healthcare quality in an institutionally layered system.

PubMed

van de Bovenkamp, Hester M; Stoopendaal, Annemiek; Bal, Roland

2017-01-01

Institutional arrangements used to steer public policies have increasingly become layered. Inspired by the literature on institutional layering and institutional work, this paper aims to make a contribution to our understanding of institutional layering. We do so by studying an interesting case of layering: the Dutch hospital sector. We focus on the actors responsible for the internal governance (Board of Directors and Supervisory Boards) and the external regulation (the Healthcare Inspectorate) of hospitals. In the paper, we explore the institutional work of these actors, more specifically how institutional work results from and is influenced by institutional layering and how this in turn influences the institutional makeup of both healthcare organizations and their institutional context. Our approach allowed us to see that layering changes the activities of actors in the public sector, can be used to strengthen one's position but also presents actors with new struggles, which they in turn can try to overcome by relating and using the institutionally layered context. Layering and institutional work are therefore in continuous interaction. Combining institutional layering with a focus on the lived experiences of actors and their institutional work makes it possible to move into the layered arrangement and better understand its consequences.

76 FR 24498 - National Eye Institute; Notice of Closed Meeting

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2011-05-02

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77 FR 43097 - National Eye Institute; Notice of Closed Meetings

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2012-07-23

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75 FR 58410 - National Eye Institute; Notice of Closed Meeting

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2010-09-24

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77 FR 73666 - National Eye Institute; Notice of Closed Meeting

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2012-12-11

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76 FR 71350 - National Eye Institute; Notice of Closed Meetings

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77 FR 22581 - National Eye Institute; Notice of Closed Meetings

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2012-04-16

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76 FR 46822 - National Eye Institute; Notice of Closed Meetings

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2011-08-03

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78 FR 37556 - National Eye Institute; Notice of Closed Meeting

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2013-06-21

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76 FR 39406 - National Eye Institute; Notice of Closed Meetings

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2011-07-06

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76 FR 13197 - National Eye Institute; Notice of Closed Meeting

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75 FR 55806 - National Eye Institute; Notice of Closed Meeting

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75 FR 46951 - National Eye Institute; Notice of Closed Meetings

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2010-08-04

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Political Institutions and Their Historical Dynamics

PubMed Central

Sandberg, Mikael; Lundberg, Per

2012-01-01

Traditionally, political scientists define political institutions deductively. This approach may prevent from discovery of existing institutions beyond the definitions. Here, a principal component analysis was used for an inductive extraction of dimensions in Polity IV data on the political institutions of all nations in the world the last two centuries. Three dimensions of institutions were revealed: core institutions of democracy, oligarchy, and despotism. We show that, historically and on a world scale, the dominance of the core institutions of despotism has first been replaced by a dominance of the core institutions of oligarchy, which in turn is now being followed by an increasing dominance by the core institutions of democracy. Nations do not take steps from despotic, to oligarchic and then to democratic institutions, however. Rather, nations hosting the core democracy institutions have succeeded in historically avoiding both the core institutions of despotism and those of oligarchy. On the other hand, some nations have not been influenced by any of these dimensions, while new institutional combinations are increasingly influencing others. We show that the extracted institutional dimensions do not correspond to the Polity scores for autocracy, “anocracy” and democracy, suggesting that changes in regime types occur at one level, while institutional dynamics work on another. Political regime types in that sense seem “canalized”, i.e., underlying institutional architectures can and do vary, but to a considerable extent independently of regime types and their transitions. The inductive approach adds to the deductive regime type studies in that it produces results in line with modern studies of cultural evolution and memetic institutionalism in which institutions are the units of observation, not the nations that acts as host for them. PMID:23056219

78 FR 9403 - National Eye Institute; Notice of Closed Meeting

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2013-02-08

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77 FR 63845 - National Eye Institute; Notice of Closed Meetings

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2012-10-17

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75 FR 33628 - National Eye Institute; Notice of Closed Meeting

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2010-06-14

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77 FR 14816 - National Eye Institute Notice of Closed Meetings

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2012-03-13

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75 FR 8971 - National Eye Institute; Notice of Closed Meeting

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2010-02-26

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78 FR 15021 - National Eye Institute; Notice of Closed Meeting

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2013-03-08

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75 FR 64311 - National Eye Institute; Notice of Closed Meeting

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2010-10-19

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78 FR 46593 - National Eye Institute; Notice of Closed Meeting

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77 FR 27469 - National Institute of Mental Health; Notice of Closed Meetings

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2012-05-10

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77 FR 29675 - National Institute of Mental Health; Notice of Closed Meetings

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2012-05-18

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75 FR 82408 - National Institute of Mental Health; Notice of Closed Meetings

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Practice-based learning and improvement for institutions: a case report.

PubMed

Kirk, Susan E; Howell, R Edward

2010-12-01

In 2006, the University of Virginia became one of the first academic medical institutions to be placed on probation, after the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Institutional Review Committee implemented a new classification system for institutional reviews. After University of Virginia reviewed its practices and implemented needed changes, the institution was able to have probation removed and full accreditation restored. Whereas graduate medical education committees and designated institutional officials are required to conduct internal reviews of each ACGME-accredited program midway through its accreditation cycle, no similar requirement exists for institutions. As we designed corrective measures at the University of Virginia, we realized that regularly scheduled audits of the entire institution would have prevented the accumulation of deficiencies. We suggest that institutional internal reviews be implemented to ensure that the ACGME institutional requirements for graduate medical education are met. This process represents practice-based learning and improvement at the institutional level and may prevent other institutions from receiving unfavorable accreditation decisions.

Practice-Based Learning and Improvement for Institutions: A Case Report

PubMed Central

Kirk, Susan E.; Howell, R. Edward

2010-01-01

Background In 2006, the University of Virginia became one of the first academic medical institutions to be placed on probation, after the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Institutional Review Committee implemented a new classification system for institutional reviews. Intervention After University of Virginia reviewed its practices and implemented needed changes, the institution was able to have probation removed and full accreditation restored. Whereas graduate medical education committees and designated institutional officials are required to conduct internal reviews of each ACGME–accredited program midway through its accreditation cycle, no similar requirement exists for institutions. Learning As we designed corrective measures at the University of Virginia, we realized that regularly scheduled audits of the entire institution would have prevented the accumulation of deficiencies. We suggest that institutional internal reviews be implemented to ensure that the ACGME institutional requirements for graduate medical education are met. This process represents practice-based learning and improvement at the institutional level and may prevent other institutions from receiving unfavorable accreditation decisions. PMID:22132290

A longitudinal and experimental study of the impact of knowledge on the bases of institutional trust

PubMed Central

Kimbrough, Christopher D.; Shockley, Ellie; Neal, Tess M. S.; Herian, Mitchel N.; Hamm, Joseph A.; Bornstein, Brian H.; Tomkins, Alan J.

2017-01-01

This study examined a knowledge-centered theory of institutional trust development. In the context of trust in water regulatory institutions, the moderating impact of knowledge was tested to determine if there were longitudinal changes in the bases of institutional trust as a function of increases in knowledge about a target institution. We hypothesized that as people learn about an institution with which they were previously unfamiliar, they begin to form more nuanced perceptions, distinguishing the new institution from other institutions and relying less upon their generalized trust to estimate their trust in that institution. Prior to having specific, differential information about a new institution, we expected institutional trust to be a function of generalized trust variables such as dispositional trust and trust in government. The longitudinal experiment involved 185 college students randomly assigned to one of three information conditions. Every 3 months for 15 months, participants read information about water regulatory institutions or a control institution. At each time point, participants reported their trust in and perceptions of the trust- and distrust-worthiness of the water regulatory institutions. Participants also completed measures of knowledge of water regulatory institutions, dispositional trust, and governmental trust. Our manipulation check indicated that, as expected, those in the experimental group increased in subjective knowledge of water regulatory institutions to a greater extent than those in the control condition. Consistent with our hypotheses, there was some evidence that, compared to the control group, the experimental group relied less on their general trust in government as a basis for their trust in water regulatory institutions. However, contrary to our hypotheses, there was no evidence the experimental group relied less on dispositional trust as a basis for institutional trust. There also was some evidence the experimental group’s trust in water regulatory institutions was less affected by fluctuations of trustworthiness (but not distrustworthiness) perceptions over time. This suggests that knowledge results in the development of more stable institutional trust attitudes, but that trustworthiness and distrustworthiness perceptions may operate somewhat differently when impacting trust in specific institutions. PMID:28414808

A longitudinal and experimental study of the impact of knowledge on the bases of institutional trust.

PubMed

PytlikZillig, Lisa M; Kimbrough, Christopher D; Shockley, Ellie; Neal, Tess M S; Herian, Mitchel N; Hamm, Joseph A; Bornstein, Brian H; Tomkins, Alan J

2017-01-01

This study examined a knowledge-centered theory of institutional trust development. In the context of trust in water regulatory institutions, the moderating impact of knowledge was tested to determine if there were longitudinal changes in the bases of institutional trust as a function of increases in knowledge about a target institution. We hypothesized that as people learn about an institution with which they were previously unfamiliar, they begin to form more nuanced perceptions, distinguishing the new institution from other institutions and relying less upon their generalized trust to estimate their trust in that institution. Prior to having specific, differential information about a new institution, we expected institutional trust to be a function of generalized trust variables such as dispositional trust and trust in government. The longitudinal experiment involved 185 college students randomly assigned to one of three information conditions. Every 3 months for 15 months, participants read information about water regulatory institutions or a control institution. At each time point, participants reported their trust in and perceptions of the trust- and distrust-worthiness of the water regulatory institutions. Participants also completed measures of knowledge of water regulatory institutions, dispositional trust, and governmental trust. Our manipulation check indicated that, as expected, those in the experimental group increased in subjective knowledge of water regulatory institutions to a greater extent than those in the control condition. Consistent with our hypotheses, there was some evidence that, compared to the control group, the experimental group relied less on their general trust in government as a basis for their trust in water regulatory institutions. However, contrary to our hypotheses, there was no evidence the experimental group relied less on dispositional trust as a basis for institutional trust. There also was some evidence the experimental group's trust in water regulatory institutions was less affected by fluctuations of trustworthiness (but not distrustworthiness) perceptions over time. This suggests that knowledge results in the development of more stable institutional trust attitudes, but that trustworthiness and distrustworthiness perceptions may operate somewhat differently when impacting trust in specific institutions.

76 FR 6628 - National Institute on Aging; Notice of Closed Meetings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-02-07

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75 FR 48976 - National Eye Institute; Notice of Closed Meetings

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2010-08-12

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78 FR 28234 - National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research; Notice of Closed Meeting

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2013-05-14

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76 FR 60058 - National Institute on Aging; Notice of Closed Meetings

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2011-09-28

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76 FR 82313 - National Institute of Mental Health; Notice of Closed Meetings

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2011-12-30

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34 CFR 606.1 - What is the Developing Hispanic-Serving Institutions Program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... INSTITUTIONS PROGRAM General § 606.1 What is the Developing Hispanic-Serving Institutions Program? The purpose of the Developing Hispanic-Serving Institutions Program is to provide grants to eligible institutions... 34 Education 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false What is the Developing Hispanic-Serving Institutions...

78 FR 16273 - National Institute on Aging; Notice of Closed Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-14

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The Appeal of For-Profit Institutions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Howard-Vital, Michelle

2006-01-01

The characteristics that students like in for-profit postsecondary institutions are present in many more traditional institutions as well. Yet most students who attend for-profit institutions are not convinced that they can fit into traditional institutions. In this article, the author examines the reasons why for-profit institutions appeal more…

28 CFR 545.22 - Institution work and performance pay committee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Institution work and performance pay... INSTITUTIONAL MANAGEMENT WORK AND COMPENSATION Inmate Work and Performance Pay Program § 545.22 Institution work... Institution Inmate Work and Performance Pay Committee to administer the institution's work and performance pay...

77 FR 38840 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request; National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR) Summer...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-29

... Request; National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR) Summer Genetics Institute Alumni Survey SUMMARY: In.../National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR) Summer Genetics Institute Alumni Survey. Type of Information... Research (NINR), the National Institutes of Health (NIH) will publish periodic summaries of proposed...

42 CFR 93.315 - Notice to ORI of institutional findings and actions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

...) Final institutional action. State whether the institution found research misconduct, and if so, who... 42 Public Health 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Notice to ORI of institutional findings and actions... HEALTH SERVICE POLICIES ON RESEARCH MISCONDUCT Responsibilities of Institutions The Institutional...

42 CFR 93.315 - Notice to ORI of institutional findings and actions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

...) Final institutional action. State whether the institution found research misconduct, and if so, who... 42 Public Health 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Notice to ORI of institutional findings and actions... HEALTH SERVICE POLICIES ON RESEARCH MISCONDUCT Responsibilities of Institutions The Institutional...

The Foundations and Evolution of Institutional Research

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Volkwein, J. Fredericks

2008-01-01

What is institutional research (IR)? One of the most widely definition of the institutional research is by Joe Saupe, who emphasized institutional research as a set of activities that support institutional planning, policy formation, and decision making. Institutional researchers and IR functions are embedded in the offices of strategic planning,…

Working with layers: The governance and regulation of healthcare quality in an institutionally layered system

PubMed Central

Stoopendaal, Annemiek; Bal, Roland

2016-01-01

Institutional arrangements used to steer public policies have increasingly become layered. Inspired by the literature on institutional layering and institutional work, this paper aims to make a contribution to our understanding of institutional layering. We do so by studying an interesting case of layering: the Dutch hospital sector. We focus on the actors responsible for the internal governance (Board of Directors and Supervisory Boards) and the external regulation (the Healthcare Inspectorate) of hospitals. In the paper, we explore the institutional work of these actors, more specifically how institutional work results from and is influenced by institutional layering and how this in turn influences the institutional makeup of both healthcare organizations and their institutional context. Our approach allowed us to see that layering changes the activities of actors in the public sector, can be used to strengthen one’s position but also presents actors with new struggles, which they in turn can try to overcome by relating and using the institutionally layered context. Layering and institutional work are therefore in continuous interaction. Combining institutional layering with a focus on the lived experiences of actors and their institutional work makes it possible to move into the layered arrangement and better understand its consequences. PMID:28596640

List of Organizing Committees and Conference Programme

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

2012-03-01

Organizers Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering - IFIN HH Romanian Neutron Scattering Society Sponsors Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering - IFIN HH Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry AS CR, Czech Republic Programme Committee Valentin Gordely (chairman)Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Russia Heinrich StuhrmannGermany Jose TeixeiraLaboratoire Leon Brillouin, France Pavel ApelJoint Institute for Nuclear Research, Russia Pavol BalgavyComenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia Alexander BelushkinJoint Institute for Nuclear Research, Russia Georg BueldtInstitute of Structural Biology and Biophysics (ISB), Germany Leonid BulavinTaras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine Emil BurzoBabes-Bolyai University, Romania Vadim CherezovThe Scripps Research Institute, Department of Molecular Biology, USA Ion IonitaRomanian Society of Neutron Scattering, Romania Alexei KhokhlovMoscow State University, Russia Aziz MuzafarovInstitute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia Alexander OzerinInstitute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia Gerard PepyResearch Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Hungary Josef PlestilInstitute of Macromolecular Chemistry CAS, Czech Republic Aurel RadulescuJuelich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS, Germany Maria BalasoiuJoint Institute for Nuclear Research, Russia Alexander KuklinJoint Institute for Nuclear Research, Russia Local Organizing Committee Alexander Kuklin - Chairman Maria Balasoiu - Co-chairman Tatiana Murugova - Secretary Natalia Malysheva Natalia Dokalenko Julia Gorshkova Andrey Rogachev Oleksandr Ivankov Dmitry Soloviev Lilia Anghel Erhan Raul The PDF also contains the Conference Programme.

Prevalence and characteristics of cancer patients receiving care from single vs. multiple institutions.

PubMed

Clarke, Christina A; Glaser, Sally L; Leung, Rita; Davidson-Allen, Kathleen; Gomez, Scarlett L; Keegan, Theresa H M

2017-02-01

Patients may receive cancer care from multiple institutions. However, at the population level, such patterns of cancer care are poorly described, complicating clinical research. To determine the population-based prevalence and characteristics of patients seen by multiple institutions, we used operations data from a state-mandated cancer registry. 59,672 invasive cancers diagnosed in 1/1/2010-12/31/2011 in the Greater Bay Area of northern California were categorized as having been reported to the cancer registry within 365days of diagnosis by: 1) ≥1 institution within an integrated health system (IHS); 2) IHS institution(s) and ≥1 non-IHS institution (e.g., private hospital); 3) 1 non-IHS institution; or 4) ≥2 non-IHS institutions. Multivariable logistic regression was used to characterize patients reported by multiple vs. single institutions. Overall in this region, 17% of cancers were reported by multiple institutions. Of the 33% reported by an IHS, 8% were also reported by a non-IHS. Of non-IHS patients, 21% were reported by multiple institutions, with 28% for breast and 27% for pancreatic cancer, but 19%% for lung and 18% for prostate cancer. Generally, patients more likely to be seen by multiple institutions were younger or had more severe disease at diagnosis. Population-based data show that one in six newly diagnosed cancer patients received care from multiple institutions, and differed from patients seen only at a single institution. Cancer care data from single institutions may be incomplete and possibly biased. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

34 CFR 606.2 - What institutions are eligible to receive a grant under the Developing Hispanic-Serving...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... the Developing Hispanic-Serving Institutions Program? 606.2 Section 606.2 Education Regulations of the... EDUCATION DEVELOPING HISPANIC-SERVING INSTITUTIONS PROGRAM General § 606.2 What institutions are eligible to receive a grant under the Developing Hispanic-Serving Institutions Program? (a) An institution of higher...

34 CFR 606.2 - What institutions are eligible to receive a grant under the Developing Hispanic-Serving...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... the Developing Hispanic-Serving Institutions Program? 606.2 Section 606.2 Education Regulations of the... EDUCATION DEVELOPING HISPANIC-SERVING INSTITUTIONS PROGRAM General § 606.2 What institutions are eligible to receive a grant under the Developing Hispanic-Serving Institutions Program? (a) An institution of higher...

Comparative Analysis of Public and Private Educational Institutions: A Case Study of District Vehari-Pakistan

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Awan, Abdul Ghafoor; Zia, Asma

2015-01-01

Education is necessary for the personality grooming of individual. There are different types of institutions available like private and public institutions, technical institutions, and madrasas (religious institutions). These institutes are having the triangle of three main pillars; consisted of Teachers, Students, and Curriculum. There are two…

31 CFR 501.604 - Reports by U.S. financial institutions on rejected funds transfers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... REPORTING, PROCEDURES AND PENALTIES REGULATIONS Reports § 501.604 Reports by U.S. financial institutions on rejected funds transfers. (a) Who must report. Any financial institution that rejects a funds transfer... institution, domestic bank, financial institution or U.S. financial institution, as those terms are defined in...

34 CFR 607.5 - How does an institution apply to be designated an eligible institution?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Education (Continued) OFFICE OF POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION STRENGTHENING INSTITUTIONS... institution shall apply to the Secretary to be designated an eligible institution under the Strengthening...

34 CFR 607.5 - How does an institution apply to be designated an eligible institution?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Education (Continued) OFFICE OF POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION STRENGTHENING INSTITUTIONS... institution shall apply to the Secretary to be designated an eligible institution under the Strengthening...

34 CFR 607.5 - How does an institution apply to be designated an eligible institution?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Education (Continued) OFFICE OF POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION STRENGTHENING INSTITUTIONS... institution shall apply to the Secretary to be designated an eligible institution under the Strengthening...

34 CFR 607.5 - How does an institution apply to be designated an eligible institution?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Education (Continued) OFFICE OF POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION STRENGTHENING INSTITUTIONS... institution shall apply to the Secretary to be designated an eligible institution under the Strengthening...

34 CFR 607.5 - How does an institution apply to be designated an eligible institution?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Education (Continued) OFFICE OF POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION STRENGTHENING INSTITUTIONS... institution shall apply to the Secretary to be designated an eligible institution under the Strengthening...

India's Conditional Cash Transfer Programme (the JSY) to Promote Institutional Birth: Is There an Association between Institutional Birth Proportion and Maternal Mortality?

PubMed

Randive, Bharat; Diwan, Vishal; De Costa, Ayesha

2013-01-01

India accounts for 19% of global maternal deaths, three-quarters of which come from nine states. In 2005, India launched a conditional cash transfer (CCT) programme, Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY), to reduce maternal mortality ratio (MMR) through promotion of institutional births. JSY is the largest CCT in the world. In the nine states with relatively lower socioeconomic levels, JSY provides a cash incentive to all women on birthing in health institution. The cash incentive is intended to reduce financial barriers to accessing institutional care for delivery. Increased institutional births are expected to reduce MMR. Thus, JSY is expected to (a) increase institutional births and (b) reduce MMR in states with high proportions of institutional births. We examine the association between (a) service uptake, i.e., institutional birth proportions and (b) health outcome, i.e., MMR. Data from Sample Registration Survey of India were analysed to describe trends in proportion of institutional births before (2005) and during (2006-2010) the implementation of the JSY. Data from Annual Health Survey (2010-2011) for all 284 districts in above- mentioned nine states were analysed to assess relationship between MMR and institutional births. Proportion of institutional births increased from a pre-programme average of 20% to 49% in 5 years (p<0.05). In bivariate analysis, proportion of institutional births had a small negative correlation with district MMR (r = -0.11).The multivariate regression model did not establish significant association between institutional birth proportions and MMR [CI: -0.10, 0.68]. Our analysis confirmed that JSY succeeded in raising institutional births significantly. However, we were unable to detect a significant association between institutional birth proportion and MMR. This indicates that high institutional birth proportions that JSY has achieved are of themselves inadequate to reduce MMR. Other factors including improved quality of care at institutions are required for intended effect.

[Research on competency building standards of institutions of schistosomiasis prevention and control in Hubei Province I Investigation of institution management].

PubMed

Liu, Han-cheng; Zhong, Chen-hui; Liao, Si-qi; He, Hui

2014-08-01

To investigate the current situation of management of institutions of schistosomiasis prevention and control in Hubei Province, so as to explore the probable competency building standards for these institutions at the county and township levels. By using a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, the institutions of schistosomiasis prevention and control at county and township levels were investigated for the institutional setup, staffing and fulfillment functions since the reform of 2004. Among 63 schistosomiasis endemic counties (cities, districts) of Hubei Province, there were 26 independent schistosomiasis control institutions (41.27%), there were 24 institutions which were incorporated into CDC (38.10%), and there were no institutions in 13 counties (20.63%). Among 518 endemic towns, there were 299 institutions (57.72%). The total staffing size were 1 932, but there were 1 586 (82.09%) people actually working in the post, and therefore there were 346 (17.91%) empty positions. The average rates of carrying out the six functions were 91.48%-71.19%, but only 19.23% of the institutions participated in the comprehensive schistosomiasis control management project and its effect assessment. According to the management model for schistosomiasis control institutions under the current institutional mechanisms, we need a rigorous industry standard to constrain, guide and standardize the management and capacity-building of the institutions in different historical periods.

A Data Analysis Center for Electromagnetic and Hadronic Interaction. Products of the DAC members

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Briscoe, William John; Strakovsky, Igor I.; Workman, Ronald L.

The Data Analysis Center (DAC) of the Center for Nuclear Studies (CNS) at the George Washington University (GW) has made significant progress in its program to enhance and expand the partial-wave (and multipole) analyses of fundamental two- and three-body reactions (such as pion-nucleon, photon-nucleon, and nucleon-nucleon scattering) by maintaining and augmenting the analysis codes and databases associated with these reactions. These efforts provide guidance to experimental groups at the international level, forming an important link between theory and experiment. A renaissance in light hadron spectroscopy is underway as a continuous stream of polarization data issues from existing precision electromagnetic facilitiesmore » and the coming Jefferson Lab 12 GeV Upgrade. Our principal goals have been focused on supporting the national N* resonance physics program. We have also continued to study topics more generally related to the problems associated with partial-wave analysis. On the Experimental side of the CNS DAC. Its primary goal is the enhancement of the body of data necessary for our analyses of fundamental γ - N reactions. We perform experiments that study the dynamics responsible for the internal structure of the nucleon and its excitations. Our principal focus is on the N* programs at JLab and MAMI. At JLab we study spin-polarization observables using polarized photons, protons and neutrons and yielding charged final states. Similarly at MAMI we study neutral meson photoproduction off polarized protons and neutrons. We use the Crystal Ball and TAPS spectrometers (CBT) to detect photons and neutrons to measure the photoproduction of π0, η, 2π0, π0η, and K0 off the neutron. The CBT program complements our program at JLab, which studies reactions resulting in charged final states. We are also involved in a renewed effort to make neutral pion photoproduction measurements close to threshold at Mainz. In addition to the programs underway, we are contributing to the future by participation in preparations for the coming JLab 12 GeV Upgrade. GW students are involved in tests of the detectors proposed to be used with CLAS12, i.e., for the CentralTime-of-Flight Barrel (CTOF). WJB is heavily involved in the MUSE quest at PSI to solve the Proton Radius Puzzle.« less

Photoproduction of π 0 mesons off protons and neutrons in the second and third nucleon resonance regions

DOE PAGES

Dieterle, M.; Werthmüller, D.; Abt, S.; ...

2018-06-21

Background: Photoproduction of mesons off quasi-free nucleons bound in the deuteron allows to study the elec- tromagnetic excitation spectrum of the neutron and the isospin structure of the excitation of nucleon resonances. The database for such reactions is much more sparse than for free proton targets. Purpose: Study experimentally single π0 photoproduction off quasi-free nucleons from the deuteron. Investigate nuclear effects by a comparison of the results for free protons and quasi-free protons. Use the quasi-free neutron data (corrected for nuclear effects) to test the predictions of reaction models and partial wave analysis (PWA) for γn → nπ 0 derivedmore » from the analysis of the other isospin channels. Methods: High statistics angular distributions and total cross sections for the photoproduction of π 0 mesons off the deuteron with coincident detection of recoil nucleons have been measured for the first time. The experiment was performed at the tagged photon beam of the Mainz Microtron (MAMI) accelerator for photon energies between 0.45 GeV and 1.4 GeV, using an almost 4π electromagnetic calorimeter composed of the Crystal Ball and TAPS detectors. A complete kinematic reconstruction of the final state removed the effects of Fermi motion. Results: Significant effects from final state interactions (FSI) were observed for participant protons in comparison to free proton targets (between 30% and almost 40%). The data in coincidence with recoil neutrons were corrected for such effects under the assumption that they are identical for participant protons and neutrons. Reaction model predictions and PWA for γn → nπ 0, based on fits to data for the other isospin channels, disagreed between themselves and no model provided a good description of the new data. Conclusions: The results demonstrate clearly the importance of a measurement of the fully neutral final state for the isospin decomposition of the cross section. Model refits, for example from the Bonn-Gatchina analysis, show that the new and the previous data for the other three isospin channels can be simultaneously described when the contributions of several partial waves are modified. Finally, the results are also relevant for the suppression of the higher resonance bumps in total photoabsorption on nuclei, which are not well understood.« less

THE CD ISOTOPE SIGNATURE OF THE SOUTHERN OCEAN

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abouchami, W.; Galer, S. J.; Middag, R.; de Baar, H.; Andreae, M. O.; Feldmann, H.; Raczek, I.

2009-12-01

The availability of micronutrients can limit and control plankton ecosystems, notably in the Southern Ocean which plays a major role in regulating the CO2 biological pump. Cadmium has a nutrient-like distribution in seawater - it is directly incorporated into living plankton in the upper water column and re-mineralised at depth. The nutritional role of Cd (Price and Morel, 1990) makes it a potentially useful tracer of biological productivity. We report Cd concentration and Cd stable isotope data obtained using a double-spike TIMS method on seawater samples collected during the Zero and Drake Passage cruise (ANTXXIV-III, IPY-GEOTRACES 2008). Four vertical profiles were collected from 40 to 70°S across the Polar Front using the ultra-clean Titan frame (De Baar et al., 2008), providing a record of changes in biological productivity from the Subantarctic to the Antarctic region. Data from two profiles from the SE Atlantic (47.66°S, 4.28W) and Drake Passage (55.13°S, 65.53°W) obtained on 1 litre-sized samples are presented. Both profiles show a increase in Cd concentration with depth, with noticeably higher concentrations in the SE Atlantic. Cd and PO4 are positively correlated with distinct slopes for the two profiles. The Cd isotope data are expressed as ɛ112/110Cd relative to our JMC Mainz standard (± 8ppm, 2SD, N=17). ɛ112/110Cd values show a continuous decrease with increasing depth and a significant shift towards heavier values in the upper 400m at both stations resolvable outside analytical error (2SE ≤ 20ppm). The sense of Cd isotope fractionation confirms previous findings of uptake of “light” Cd by phytoplankton in the upper water column (Lacan et al., 2006; Ripperger et al., 2007; Schmidt et al., 2009). Most important is the evidence for a distinctive heavier Cd isotope signature in AASW relative to AAIW. This result demonstrates that different water masses carry distinct Cd isotopic compositions reflecting changes in Cd uptake by phytoplankton. Price and Morel(1990) Nature 344, 658-660. De Baar et al.(2008) Mar. Chem. 111, 4-21 Lacan et al.(2006) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 70, 5104-5118. Ripperger et al.(2007) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett 261,670-684. Schmidt et al.(2009)Earth Planet. Sci. Lett 277, 262-272.

Soil water content plays an important role in soil-atmosphere exchange of carbonyl sulfide (OCS)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yi, Zhigang; Behrendt, Thomas; Bunk, Rüdiger; Wu, Dianming; Kesselmeier, Jürgen

2016-04-01

Carbonyl sulfide (OCS) is a quite stable gas in the troposphere and is transported up to the stratosphere, where it contributes to the sulfate aerosol layer (Crutzen 1976). The tropospheric concentration seems to be quite constant, indicating a balance between sinks and sources. Recent work by Sandoval-Soto et al. (2005) demonstrated the enormous strength of the vegetation sink and the urgent needs to understand the sinks and sources. The role of soils is a matter of discussion (Kesselmeier et al., 1999; Van Diest and Kesselmeier, 2008; Maseyk et al., 2014; Whelan et al., 2015). To better understand the influence of soil water content and OCS mixing ratio on OCS fluxes, we used an OCS analyzer (LGR COS/CO Analyzer 907-0028, Los Gatos, CA, USA) coupled with automated soil chamber system (Behrendt et al., 2014) to measure the OCS fluxes with a slow drying of four different types of soil (arable wheat soil in Mainz, blueberry soil in Waldstein, spruce soil in Waldstein and needle forest soil in Finland). Results showed that OCS fluxes as well as the optimum soil water content for OCS uptake varied significantly for different soils. The net production rates changed significantly with the soil drying out from 100% to about 5% water holding capacity (WHC), implying that soil water content play an important role in the uptake processes. The production and uptake processes were distinguished by the regression of OCS fluxes under different OCS mixing ratios. OCS compensation points (CP) were found to differ significantly for different soil types and water content, with the lowest CP at about 20% WHC, implying that when estimating the global budgets of OCS, especially for soils fluxes, soil water content should be taken into serious consideration. References Crutzen, P. J. 1976, Geophys. Res. Lett., 3, 73-76. Sandoval-Soto, L. et al., 2005, Biogeosciences, 2, 125-132. Kesselmeier, J. et al., 1999, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 11577-11584. Van Diest, H. and Kesselmeier, J. 2008, Biogeosciences, 5, 475-483. Maseyk, K. et al., 2014, PNAS, 111, No 25, 9064-9069. Whelan, M. E., and Rhew, R., C. 2015, J. Geophys. Res., 120, 54-62. Behrendt, T. et al., 2014, Biogeosciences, 11, 5463-5492.

Photoproduction of π 0 mesons off protons and neutrons in the second and third nucleon resonance regions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dieterle, M.; Werthmüller, D.; Abt, S.

Background: Photoproduction of mesons off quasi-free nucleons bound in the deuteron allows to study the elec- tromagnetic excitation spectrum of the neutron and the isospin structure of the excitation of nucleon resonances. The database for such reactions is much more sparse than for free proton targets. Purpose: Study experimentally single π0 photoproduction off quasi-free nucleons from the deuteron. Investigate nuclear effects by a comparison of the results for free protons and quasi-free protons. Use the quasi-free neutron data (corrected for nuclear effects) to test the predictions of reaction models and partial wave analysis (PWA) for γn → nπ 0 derivedmore » from the analysis of the other isospin channels. Methods: High statistics angular distributions and total cross sections for the photoproduction of π 0 mesons off the deuteron with coincident detection of recoil nucleons have been measured for the first time. The experiment was performed at the tagged photon beam of the Mainz Microtron (MAMI) accelerator for photon energies between 0.45 GeV and 1.4 GeV, using an almost 4π electromagnetic calorimeter composed of the Crystal Ball and TAPS detectors. A complete kinematic reconstruction of the final state removed the effects of Fermi motion. Results: Significant effects from final state interactions (FSI) were observed for participant protons in comparison to free proton targets (between 30% and almost 40%). The data in coincidence with recoil neutrons were corrected for such effects under the assumption that they are identical for participant protons and neutrons. Reaction model predictions and PWA for γn → nπ 0, based on fits to data for the other isospin channels, disagreed between themselves and no model provided a good description of the new data. Conclusions: The results demonstrate clearly the importance of a measurement of the fully neutral final state for the isospin decomposition of the cross section. Model refits, for example from the Bonn-Gatchina analysis, show that the new and the previous data for the other three isospin channels can be simultaneously described when the contributions of several partial waves are modified. Finally, the results are also relevant for the suppression of the higher resonance bumps in total photoabsorption on nuclei, which are not well understood.« less

Analysis of Glyoxal and Methylglyoxal in atmospheric particulate matter - Qualification and Quantification using a derivatisation method for HPLC-ESI-MS

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kampf, Christopher; Hoffmann, Thorsten

2010-05-01

In recent years much effort has been put into the analysis of so called secondary organic aerosols (SOA). SOA is produced through gas phase oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOC's) by atmospheric oxidants like OH- or NO3-radicals or ozone with subsequent gas-particle partitioning of the low volatility products. VOC's are emitted by both biogenic and anthropogenic sources in large amounts into the atmosphere. However, it is found that gas to particle partitioning alone cannot explain the complete amount of SOA produced in the atmosphere. It is therefore proposed that heterogeneous reactions on the particle surface or in the particles themselves could lead to the formation of additional SOA mass from semi-volatile compounds such as the reactive dialdehydes glyoxal and methylglyoxal[1]. Global glyoxal and methylglyoxal emissions are estimated to be 45 Tg a-1 and 140 Tg a-1, respectively. The oxidation of biogenic isoprene contributes to about 47% of the total glyoxal mass formed and even to about 79% for methylglyoxal[2]. Due to their high solubility in water (hydration of aldehyde functions), glyoxal and methylglyoxal have a high potential to form SOA via heterogeneous reactions in the particle phase although their volatility is relatively high. Several studies propose oligomerisation or formation of imidazole derivatives as potential reaction pathways to reduce their volatility[1,3,4,5]. Here we present a method for the qualification and quantification of both glyoxal and methylglyoxal in atmospheric PM2.5 filter samples via derivatisation with phenylhydrazine. Reproducibility, recovery and limits of detection and quantification are given. The method is found to be easily suitable for measurements at atmospheric concentration levels for both substances. First results of a measurement campaign in Mainz, Germany in August 2009 are shown for a proof of principle. Initial problems of the method development due to the chemical nature of the analytes und future enhancements of the sampling procedure are discussed. References 1. Kalberer, M., et al. (2004). Science, 303(5664), 1659-1662 2. Fu, T.-M., et al. (2008). Journal of Geophysical Research, 113, D15303 3. Iinuma, Y., et al. (2004). Atmospheric Environment, 38(5), 761-773 4. Galloway, M. M., et al. (2009), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 3331-3345 5. Nozière, B., et al. (2009), J. Phys. Chem. A, 113, 231-237

78 FR 30932 - National Cancer Institute; Cancellation of Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-23

... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Cancer Institute; Cancellation of Meeting Notice is hereby given of the cancellation of the National Cancer Institute Special Emphasis Panel, June 7, 2013, 10:00 a.m. to June 7, 2013, 1:00 p.m., National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical...

International Institute for Capacity Building in Africa: Strengthening Africa's Educational Institutions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

UNESCO International Institute for Capacity Building in Africa, 2006

2006-01-01

Established in 1999, the UNESCO International Institute for Capacity Building in Africa (IICBA) is one of six UNESCO Institutes and Centers under the direction of the UNESCO Secretariat. The only UNESCO Institute in Africa, it is mandated to strengthen the capacities of the teacher education institutions of its 53 member states, and promote…

Organizational resilience: Sustained institutional effectiveness among smaller, private, non-profit US higher education institutions experiencing organizational decline.

PubMed

Moran, Kenneth A

2016-06-04

Recent changes in the United States (US) economy have radically disrupted revenue generation among many institutions within higher education within the US. Chief among these disruptions has been fallout associated with the financial crisis of 2008-2009, which triggered a change in the US higher education environment from a period of relative munificence to a prolonged period of scarcity. The hardest hit by this disruption have been smaller, less wealthy institutions which tend to lack the necessary reserves to financially weather the economic storm. Interestingly, a review of institutional effectiveness among these institutions revealed that while many are struggling, some institutions have found ways to not only successfully cope with the impact of declining revenue, but have been able to capitalize on the disruption and thrive. Organizational response is an important factor in successfully coping with conditions of organizational decline. The study examined the impacts of organizational response on institutional effectiveness among higher education institutions experiencing organizational decline. The study's research question asked why some US higher educational institutions are more resilient at coping with organizational decline than other institutions operating within the same segment of the higher education sector. More specifically, what role does organizational resilience have in helping smaller, private non-profit institutions cope and remain effective during organizational decline? A total of 141 US smaller, private non-profit higher educational institutions participated in the study; specifically, the study included responses from participant institutions' key administrators. 60-item survey evaluated administrator responses corresponding to organizational response and institutional effectiveness. Factor analysis was used to specify the underlying structures of rigidity response, resilience response, and institutional effectiveness. Multiple regression analysis was used to examine the direct and interaction effects between organizational decline, organizational rigidity response, organizational resilience response, and institutional effectiveness, controlling for age of institution and level of endowment. The study validated previous threat-rigidity response findings that organizational decline alone does not adversely impact institutional effectiveness. The direct effect of Goal-Directed Solution Seeking and Role Dependency organizational resilience factors had a positive, significant correlation with the Student Personal Development institutional effectiveness factor. The interactive effect of Goal-Directed Solution Seeking organizational resilience factor during organizational decline had a positive, significant correlation with the Professional Development and Quality of Faculty institutional effectiveness factor. The interactive effect of Avoidance during organizational decline had a positive, significant correlation with the Faculty and Administrator Employment Satisfaction institutional effectiveness factor. The interactive effect of Diminished Innovation, Morale, and Leader Credibility rigidity response factor and Avoidance organizational resilience factor during organizational decline had a positive, significant correlation with the Professional Development and Quality of Faculty institutional effectiveness factor. Lastly, the interactive effect of Increased Scapegoating of Leaders, Interest group Activities, and Conflict rigidity response factor and Avoidance organizational resilience factor during organizational decline had a positive, significant correlation with the Faculty and Administrator Employment Satisfaction institutional effectiveness factor. Factors of organizational resilience were found to have a positive effect among smaller, private non-profit higher educational institutions associated with this study toward sustaining institutional effectiveness during organizational decline. Specifically, the organizational resilience factors of Goal-Directed Solution Seeking (i.e., mission-driven solutions) and Avoidance (i.e., skepticism toward new ideas) play a significant, collaborative role among smaller, private non-profit higher educational institutions when it comes to sustaining institutional effectiveness during organizational decline.

Evolutionary institutionalism.

PubMed

Fürstenberg, Dr Kai

Institutions are hard to define and hard to study. Long prominent in political science have been two theories: Rational Choice Institutionalism (RCI) and Historical Institutionalism (HI). Arising from the life sciences is now a third: Evolutionary Institutionalism (EI). Comparative strengths and weaknesses of these three theories warrant review, and the value-to-be-added by expanding the third beyond Darwinian evolutionary theory deserves consideration. Should evolutionary institutionalism expand to accommodate new understanding in ecology, such as might apply to the emergence of stability, and in genetics, such as might apply to political behavior? Core arguments are reviewed for each theory with more detailed exposition of the third, EI. Particular attention is paid to EI's gene-institution analogy; to variation, selection, and retention of institutional traits; to endogeneity and exogeneity; to agency and structure; and to ecosystem effects, institutional stability, and empirical limitations in behavioral genetics. RCI, HI, and EI are distinct but complementary. Institutional change, while amenable to rational-choice analysis and, retrospectively, to criticaljuncture and path-dependency analysis, is also, and importantly, ecological. Stability, like change, is an emergent property of institutions, which tend to stabilize after change in a manner analogous to allopatric speciation. EI is more than metaphorically biological in that institutional behaviors are driven by human behaviors whose evolution long preceded the appearance of institutions themselves.

34 CFR 606.5 - How does an institution apply to be designated an eligible institution?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Education (Continued) OFFICE OF POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION DEVELOPING HISPANIC-SERVING INSTITUTIONS PROGRAM General § 606.5 How does an institution apply to be designated an eligible institution? (a...

34 CFR 606.5 - How does an institution apply to be designated an eligible institution?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Education (Continued) OFFICE OF POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION DEVELOPING HISPANIC-SERVING INSTITUTIONS PROGRAM General § 606.5 How does an institution apply to be designated an eligible institution? (a...

78 FR 55751 - National Institutes of Health

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-11

... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Eye Institute...: National Institutes of Health, Neuroscience Building, Conference Room D, 6001 Executive Boulevard...: National Institutes of Health, Neuroscience Building, Conference Room D, 6001 Executive Boulevard...

34 CFR 674.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... of higher education (institution): A public or private nonprofit institution of higher education, a proprietary institution of higher education, or a postsecondary vocational institution. Institutional capital... of the Offices of the Department of Education (Continued) OFFICE OF POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION...

34 CFR 674.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... of higher education (institution): A public or private nonprofit institution of higher education, a proprietary institution of higher education, or a postsecondary vocational institution. Institutional capital... of the Offices of the Department of Education (Continued) OFFICE OF POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION...

The Burdenko Neurosurgery Institute: past, present, future.

PubMed

Konovalov, A N; Yartsev, V V; Likhterman, L B

1997-01-01

The Moscow Institute of Neurosurgery was established in 1932. The institute's founders were Nikolai Nilovich Burdenko, the surgeon (his name was later conferred on the institute), and Vasily Vasilyevich Kramer, the neurologist. This article presents the institute's history and its activities in different periods, including scientific and practical achievements in neuro-oncology, cerebrovascular surgery, and neurotraumatology. The institute gave birth to such widely recognized trends as neuropsychology, endovasal neurosurgery, neuroreanimatology (intensive care), and quantitative neuroanatomy. The institute's current problems and prospects for the future are described.

13 CFR 113.105 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... that is an institution of graduate higher education, an institution of undergraduate higher education... of insurance or guaranty. Institution of graduate higher education means an institution that: (1... such field is awarded by an institution of undergraduate higher education or professional education...

13 CFR 113.105 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... that is an institution of graduate higher education, an institution of undergraduate higher education... of insurance or guaranty. Institution of graduate higher education means an institution that: (1... such field is awarded by an institution of undergraduate higher education or professional education...

13 CFR 113.105 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... that is an institution of graduate higher education, an institution of undergraduate higher education... of insurance or guaranty. Institution of graduate higher education means an institution that: (1... such field is awarded by an institution of undergraduate higher education or professional education...

34 CFR 668.8 - Eligible program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... counseling. (c) Institution of higher education. An eligible program provided by an institution of higher...) Proprietary institution of higher education and postsecondary vocational institution. An eligible program provided by a proprietary institution of higher education or postsecondary vocational institution— (1)(i...

Exercise for Seniors: MedlinePlus Health Topic

MedlinePlus

... Aging) Fitness Shoes and Clothes (National Institute on Aging) Fun Ideas for Being Active All Year (National Institute on Aging) Give Me ... Getting over That Exercise Plateau (National Institute on Aging) - PDF ... (National Institute on Aging) Indoor Activities (National Institute ...

An Institutional Assessment of Ethnic Conflict in China

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-12-01

from minority groups is forecasted under the institutional theory of ethnic conflict. Institutional theorists assert that when minorities are...outcome however, does align with the predictions made under an institutional theory of ethnic conflict. Two, during the Great Leap Forward and Cultural...intended. However, this exact response from minority groups is forecasted under the institutional theory of ethnic conflict. Institutional theorists

78 FR 30933 - National Cancer Institute; Amended Notice of Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-23

... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Cancer Institute; Amended Notice of Meeting Notice is hereby given of a change in the meeting of the National Cancer Institute Special Emphasis Panel, June 7, 2013, 9:00 a.m. to June 7, 2013, 10:00 a.m., National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, 9609...

Approaches to developing the capacity of health policy analysis institutes: a comparative case study.

PubMed

Bennett, Sara; Corluka, Adrijana; Doherty, Jane; Tangcharoensathien, Viroj

2012-03-05

To review and assess (i) the factors that facilitate the development of sustainable health policy analysis institutes in low and middle income countries and (ii) the nature of external support for capacity development provided to such institutes. Comparative case studies of six health policy analysis institutes (3 from Asia and 3 from Africa) were conducted. In each region an NGO institute, an institute linked to government and a university based institute were included. Data collection comprised document review, semi-structured interviews with stakeholders and discussion of preliminary findings with institute staff. The findings are organized around four key themes: (i) Financial resources: three of the institutes had received substantial external grants at start-up, however two of these institutes subsequently collapsed. At all but one institute, reliance upon short term, donor funding, created high administrative costs and unpredictability. (ii) Human resources: the retention of skilled human resources was perceived to be key to institute success but was problematic at all but one institute. In particular staff often moved to better paid positions elsewhere once having acquired necessary skills and experience, leaving remaining senior staff with heavy workloads. (iii) Governance and management: board structures and roles varied according to the nature of institute ownership. Boards made important contributions to organizational capacity through promoting continuity, independence and fund raising. Routine management systems were typically perceived to be strong. (iv) Networks: linkages to policy makers helped promote policy influences. External networks with other research organizations, particularly where these were longer term institutional collaborations helped promote capacity. The development of strong in-country analytical and research capacity to guide health policy development is critical, yet many health policy analysis institutes remain very fragile. A combination of more strategic planning, active recruitment and retention strategies, and longer term, flexible funding, for example through endowments, needs to be promoted. Specific recommendations to funders and institutes are provided.

Research and its governance in health research institutions in sub-Saharan African countries: results of a questionnaire-based survey.

PubMed

Kebede, Derege; Zielinski, Chris; Mbondji, Peter Ebongue; Sanou, Issa; Kouvividila, Wenceslas; Lusamba-Dikassa, Paul-Samson

2014-05-01

Objective: To describe governance and stewardship of research in health research institutions in the World Health Organization (WHO) African Region. Design: A structured questionnaire was used to solicit information on governance and stewardship from health research institutions. Setting: Forty-two Member States of the WHO African Region. Participants: Key informants from the respondent health research institutions in the respondent sub-Saharan African countries. Main outcome measures: Institutions' participation in setting the national health research agenda. Institutional research priorities, scientific reviews and governance structure. Results: During the previous 12 months, the heads of 49% of respondent health research institutions participated in the setting or coordination of national research priorities. The most frequently cited priorities for contributing to or performing research were improving health programmes, producing new knowledge, influencing health policies and conducting operational research. For 78% of respondent institutions, scientific review was required for research funded directly by the institution, and for 73% of respondent institutions, scientific review was required for research not funded by the institution. However, most respondent institutions did not have written policies or guidelines, either for the scientific review of proposals (70%) or regarding conflict of interest on scientific review committees (80%). Conclusions: Some health research institutions demonstrate good practice in terms of the establishment of structures and processes for governance and stewardship, many others do not. There is a need for the strengthening of the stewardship capacity of research institutions in the Region. © The Royal Society of Medicine.

76 FR 65203 - National Institute on Aging

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-20

... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Institute on Aging... unwarranted invasion of personal privacy. Name of Committee: National Institute on Aging Special Emphasis... and evaluate grant applications. Place: National Institute on Aging, Gateway Building, 7201 Wisconsin...

76 FR 10041 - National Eye Institute; Notice of Closed Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-02-23

... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Eye Institute... personal privacy. Name of Committee: National Eye Institute Special Emphasis Panel, NEI Clinical... agreement applications. Place: National Eye Institute, 5635 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20852. (Telephone...

76 FR 2914 - National Eye Institute; Notice of Closed Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-18

... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Eye Institute... National Eye Institute, including consideration of personnel qualifications and performances, and the... invasion of personal privacy. Name of Committee: Board of Scientific Counselors, National Eye Institute...

76 FR 71047 - National Institutes of Health

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-16

... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Institute on...., Chief, Extramural Project Review Branch EPRB, NIAAA, National Institutes of Health, 5365 Fishers Lane... Awards., National Institutes of Health, HHS) Dated: November 8, 2011. Jennifer S. Spaeth, Director...

76 FR 59413 - National Cancer Institute; Notice of Closed Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-26

... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Cancer Institute... personal privacy. Name of Committee: National Cancer Institute Initial Review Group, Subcommittee J... Of Extramural Activities, National Cancer Institute, 6116 Executive Boulevard, Room 8111, Bethesda...

78 FR 19275 - National Cancer Institute; Notice of Closed Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-29

... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Cancer Institute... personal privacy. Name of Committee: National Cancer Institute Special Emphasis Panel Tumor Immunology...., Chief Resources and Training Review Branch, Division of Extramural Activities, National Cancer Institute...

76 FR 28236 - National Cancer Institute; Notice of Closed Meetings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-16

... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Cancer Institute... personal privacy. Name of Committee: National Cancer Institute Special Emphasis Panel, Cancer Prevention... Review and Logistics Branch, Division of Extramural Activities, National Cancer Institute, 6116 Executive...

77 FR 75640 - National Cancer Institute; Notice of Closed Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-21

... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Cancer Institute... personal privacy. Name of Committee: National Cancer Institute Special Emphasis Panel; NCI Omnibus Review... Programs Review Branch, Division of Extramural Activities, National Cancer Institute, 6116 Executive...

75 FR 44272 - National Cancer Institute; Notice of Closed Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-28

... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Cancer Institute... personal privacy. Name of Committee: National Cancer Institute Initial Review Group; Subcommittee G... Review Branch, Division of Extramural Activities, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 6116 Executive Blvd...

78 FR 9932 - National Cancer Institute; Notice of Closed Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-12

... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Cancer Institute... personal privacy. Name of Committee: National Cancer Institute Special Emphasis Panel; R01 Grant... applications. Place: National Cancer Institute, 6116 Executive Boulevard, Rockville, MD 20852, (Telephone...

78 FR 17419 - National Cancer Institute; Notice of Closed Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-21

... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Cancer Institute... unwarranted invasion of personal privacy. Name of Committee: National Cancer Institute Special Emphasis Panel... Logistics Branch, Division of Extramural Activities, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 6116 Executive...

76 FR 57063 - National Cancer Institute; Notice of Closed Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-15

... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Cancer Institute... personal privacy. Name of Committee: National Cancer Institute Initial Review Group, Subcommittee F..., Resources and Training Review Branch, Division of Extramural Activities, National Cancer Institute, NIH...

75 FR 52537 - National Cancer Institute; Notice of Closed Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-26

... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Cancer Institute... personal privacy. Name of Committee: National Cancer Institute Initial Review Group; Subcommittee J... of Extramural Activities, National Cancer Institute, 6116 Executive Boulevard, Room 8111, Bethesda...

75 FR 71713 - National Cancer Institute; Notice of Closed Meetings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-24

... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Cancer Institute... personal privacy. Name of Committee: National Cancer Institute Special Emphasis Panel, Basic and... Review Branch, Division of Extramural Activities, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 6116 Executive Blvd...

76 FR 22407 - National Cancer Institute; Notice of Closed Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-21

... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Cancer Institute... personal privacy. Name of Committee: National Cancer Institute Initial Review Group; Subcommittee J..., Division of Extramural Activities, National Cancer Institute, 6116 Executive Boulevard, Room 8111, Bethesda...

34 CFR 668.8 - Eligible program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... counseling. (c) Institution of higher education. An eligible program provided by an institution of higher... institution of higher education and postsecondary vocational institution. An eligible program provided by a proprietary institution of higher education or postsecondary vocational institution— (1)(i) Must require a...

16 CFR 4.8 - Costs for obtaining Commission records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

...) Educational requesters, non-commercial scientific institution requesters, and representative of the news media... secondary school, an institution of graduate higher education, an institution of undergraduate higher education, an institution of professional education, and an institution of vocational education, which...

76 FR 9353 - National Cancer Institute; Notice of Closed Meetings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-02-17

... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Cancer Institute... Cancer Institute Special Emphasis Panel; Quantitative Imaging for Evaluation of Responses to Cancer... Branch, Division of Extramural Activities, National Cancer Institute, 6116 Executive Blvd., Room 8101...

75 FR 3240 - National Cancer Institute; Notice of Closed Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-20

... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Cancer Institute... personal privacy. Name of Committee: National Cancer Institute Initial Review Group, Subcommittee F... Review Branch, Division of Extramural Activities, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 6116 Executive Blvd...

76 FR 11800 - National Cancer Institute; Notice of Closed Meetings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-03

... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Cancer Institute... Cancer Institute Special Emphasis Panel; Biosensors for Early Cancer Detection and Risk Assessment. Date... Logistics Branch, Division of Extramural Activities, National Cancer Institute, 6116 Executive Boulevard...

78 FR 73552 - National Institute On Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; National Institute On Drug Abuse; and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-06

... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Institute On Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; National Institute On Drug Abuse; and National Cancer Institute; Notice of Meeting Pursuant to section 10(a) of the Federal Advisory Committee Act, as amended (5 U.S.C. App.), notice is hereby given of a meeting of the...

Knowledge Production at Industrial Research Institutes: Institutional Logics and Struggles for Relevance in the Swedish Institute for Surface Chemistry, 1980-2005

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bruno, Karl; Larsen, Katarina; van Leeuwen, Thed N.

2017-01-01

This article examines dynamics of knowledge production and discourses of basic-applied science and relevance at the Swedish Institute for Surface Chemistry, a semi-public industrially oriented research institute, from 1980 to 2005. We employ a three-pronged method, consisting of (1) an analysis of how the institute articulated its research…

Characteristics and trends of clinical trials funded by the National Institutes of Health between 2005 and 2015.

PubMed

Gresham, Gillian K; Ehrhardt, Stephan; Meinert, Jill L; Appel, Lawrence J; Meinert, Curtis L

2018-02-01

Background The National Institutes of Health is one of the largest biomedical research agencies in the world. Clinical trials are an important component of National Institutes of Health research efforts. Given the recent updates in National Institutes of Health trial reporting requirements, more information regarding the current state of National Institutes of Health-funded clinical trials is warranted. The objective of this analysis was to describe characteristics and trends of clinical trials funded by the National Institutes of Health over time and by Institutes and Centers of the National Institutes of Health. Methods Interventional studies funded by the National Institutes of Health and registered in ClinicalTrials.gov between 2005 and 2015 were included in the analysis. Trials were identified from the 27 March 2016 Clinical Trials Transformation Initiative Aggregate Analysis of ClinicalTrials.gov database. A descriptive analysis of trials by year and National Institutes of Health Institute/Center was performed. Results There were 12,987 National Institutes of Health-funded clinical trials registered between 2005 and 2015. There were 1,580, 1,116, and 930 trials registered in 2005, 2010, and 2015, respectively. The majority were early-development trials (phases 0, 1, or 2; 53%), randomized (61%), and single-center (63%). Trial demographics have remained unchanged over time. Median trial sample size was 64 (interquartile range 29-192) with 10% of trials enrolling ≥500 participants. Most trials were completed within 5 years of enrollment start (69%). Trial characteristics varied considerably across National Institutes of Health Institutes and Centers. Results were reported under the assumptions that most National Institutes of Health-funded trials are registered in ClinicalTrials.gov and that trials are being registered completely and accurately. Conclusion In conclusion, there has been a decline in the number of trials being funded over time, explained in part by a relatively constant budget, increases in trial costs, or other factors that cannot be quantified. National Institutes of Health-funded trials are relatively small and tend to be single-centered. There are substantial differences in the number and types of trials done by Institutes and Centers within the National Institutes of Health.

Paradise lost: A study of the decline of institutions and the restructuring of organizational fields in the United States power industry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sine, Wesley David

Institutional theorists have a long tradition of examining the persistence organizational forms and practices. Most institutional analysis, however, fails to discuss change in organizational forms and practices that at one time were highly taken for granted. This dissertation presents three papers that explore questions of institutional change in the context of the evolving power industry. The first paper, Dimensions of Institutional Resistance to Change, examines the qualities that make institutions more or less resistant to change. This paper surveys the literature on institutional change and suggests four institutional qualities for indexing institutional change: taken for grantedness, diffuseness, symbolic value, and integrativeness. I argue that these qualities can be used to measure the extent to which an institution is resistant to change, thus providing a means for studying and predicting the life spans of institutions. The second paper, From Hierarchies to Markets: The Deregulation of the Electric Generating Industry, uses the dimensions proposed in the first paper to understand the structural changes in the electric utility industry between 1935 and 1978. It theorizes that crisis catalyzes both organizational scrutiny, which erodes institutional symbolic value and taken-for-grantedness, and search processes for solutions, which redefine fringe alternatives within an institutional field as possible solutions. The net result is the delegitimation of incumbent institutions and the recognition of alternative solutions, creating a solution bazaar, where solutions compete to solve organizational inefficiencies made relevant by the crisis. The third paper, The Institutional Context of Founding Variation in the Emerging Independent Power Industry, presents and tests a theory of the effects of institutional structures on the genesis, development, and variation of organizational forms in a newborn industry created by radical regulatory change. Nascent industries formed by punctuated change are particularly susceptible to institutional influences. Normative, regulative, and cognitive structures form the context that shape entrepreneurial decisions about organizational foundings. Institutional structures can either increase or decrease barriers to entry into nascent industries, thus influencing the heterogeneity of organizational forms founded within the niche. These propositions are examined and tested in the context of the independent power industry.

75 FR 3239 - National Cancer Institute; Notice of Closed Meetings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-20

... Committee: National Cancer Institute Special Emphasis Panel, Basal-like Breast Cancer Assay. Date: March 10... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Cancer Institute... Cancer Institute Special Emphasis Panel, Data Harmonization and Advanced Computation of Population Health...

76 FR 30374 - National Institute on Aging; Meetings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-25

... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Institute on Aging... unwarranted invasion of personal privacy. Name of Committee: National Institute on Aging Special Emphasis... 90401. Contact Person: Ramesh Vemuri, PhD, Chief, Scientific Review Branch, National Institute on Aging...

77 FR 65005 - National Institute on Aging Notice of Closed Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-24

... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Institute on Aging... personal privacy. Name of Committee: National Institute on Aging Special Emphasis Panel; Juvenile... grant applications. Place: National Institute on Aging, Gateway Building, 7201 Wisconsin Avenue, Suite...

76 FR 21386 - National Institute on Aging

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-15

... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Institute on Aging... personal privacy. Name of Committee: National Institute on Aging Special Emphasis Panel; Organelle Lifespan.... Place: National Institute on Aging, Gateway Building, 7201 Wisconsin Avenue, Suite 2C212, Bethesda, MD...

75 FR 74068 - National Eye Institute; Notice of Closed Meetings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-30

... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Eye Institute... personal privacy. Name of Committee: National Eye Institute Special Emphasis Panel; U10 Teleconference... applications. Place: National Eye Institute, 5635 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20852. (Telephone Confence Call...

77 FR 24727 - National Eye Institute; Notice of Closed Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-25

... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Eye Institute... personal privacy. Name of Committee: National Eye Institute Special Emphasis Panel; NEI Clinical Trials.... Schaffner, Ph.D., Chief, Scientific Review Branch, Division of Extramural Research, National Eye Institute...

76 FR 66732 - National Eye Institute; Notice of Closed Meetings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-27

... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Eye Institute... personal privacy. Name of Committee: National Eye Institute Special Emphasis Panel, NEI Genomic Research.... Schaffner, PhD, Chief, Scientific Review Officer, Division of Extramural Research, National Eye Institute...

78 FR 62639 - National Eye Institute; Notice of Closed Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-22

... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Eye Institute... personal privacy. Name of Committee: National Eye Institute Special Emphasis Panel; NEI Clinical and.... Contact Person: Brian Hoshaw, Ph.D., Scientific Review Officer, National Eye Institute, National...

75 FR 26968 - National Eye Institute; Notice of Closed Meetings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-13

... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Eye Institute... personal privacy. Name of Committee: National Eye Institute Special Emphasis Panel; NEI Loan Repayment... applications. Place: National Eye Institute, 5635 Fishers Lane, Bethesda, MD (Virtual Meeting). Contact Person...

78 FR 62640 - National Eye Institute; Notice of Closed Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-22

... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Eye Institute... personal privacy. Name of Committee: National Eye Institute Special Emphasis Panel; NEI Bioinformatics..., Division of Extramural Research, National Eye Institute, 5635 Fishers Lane, Suite 1300, MSC 9300, Bethesda...

77 FR 64525 - National Eye Institute; Notice of Closed Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-22

... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Eye Institute... personal privacy. Name of Committee: National Eye Institute Special Emphasis Panel, NEI Career Development... Schaffner, Ph.D., Chief, Scientific Review Officer, Division of Extramural Research, National Eye Institute...

76 FR 42718 - National Cancer Institute; Notice of Closed Meetings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-19

... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Cancer Institute... personal privacy. Name of Committee: National Cancer Institute Special Emphasis Panel, Cancer Therapies..., Rockville, MD 20582. Contact Person: Delia Tang, MD, Scientific Review Officer, National Cancer Institute...

75 FR 32489 - National Cancer Institute; Notice of Closed Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-08

... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Cancer Institute... personal privacy. Name of Committee: National Cancer Institute Initial Review Group; Subcommittee H... Activities, National Cancer Institute, 6116 Executive Boulevard, Room 8103, Bethesda, MD 20892, (301) 594...

77 FR 30297 - National Cancer Institute; Closed Meetings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-22

... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Cancer Institute... unwarranted invasion of personal privacy. Name of Committee: National Cancer Institute Special Emphasis Panel... Cancer Institute, NIH, 6116 Executive Blvd., Room 8133, Bethesda, MD 20892-8328, 301-451-4757, david...

76 FR 31619 - National Cancer Institute; Notice of Closed Meetings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-01

... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Cancer Institute... personal privacy. Name of Committee: National Cancer Institute Special Emphasis Panel; SBIR Phase IIB... Branch, Division of Extramural Activities, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 6116 Executive Blvd., Rm 8053...

75 FR 11896 - National Cancer Institute; Notice of Closed Meetings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-12

... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Cancer Institute... Cancer Institute Special Emphasis Panel; Process Analytic Technologies, Date: April 6, 2010, Time: 1 p.m... of Extramural Activities, National Cancer Institute, 6116 Executive Boulevard, Room 7142, Bethesda...

75 FR 28028 - National Cancer Institute; Notice of Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-19

... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Cancer Institute.... App.), notice is hereby given of a meeting of the National Cancer Institute Clinical Trials and... the meeting. Name of Committee: National Cancer Institute Clinical Trials and Translational Research...

75 FR 48699 - National Cancer Institute; Notice of Closed Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-11

... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Cancer Institute... personal privacy. Name of Committee: National Cancer Institute Initial Review Group, Subcommittee I--Career..., Division of Extramural Activities, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 6116 Executive Blvd, Rm 8113, Bethesda...

76 FR 7869 - National Cancer Institute; Notice of Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-02-11

... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Cancer Institute.... App.), notice is hereby given of a meeting of the National Cancer Institute Director's Consumer... Committee: National Cancer Institute Director's Consumer Liaison Group; DCLG. Date: February 22-23, 2011...

76 FR 22407 - National Cancer Institute; Notice of Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-21

... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Cancer Institute.... App.), notice is hereby given of a meeting of the National Cancer Institute Clinical Trials and... the meeting. Name of Committee: National Cancer Institute Clinical Trials and Translational Research...

Investigating the Utility of a GPA Institutional Adjustment Index

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Didier, Thomas; Kreiter, Clarence D.; Buri, Russell; Solow, Catherine

2006-01-01

Background: Grading standards vary widely across undergraduate institutions. If, during the medical school admissions process, GPA is considered without reference to the institution attended, it will disadvantage applicants from undergraduate institutions employing rigorous grading standards. Method: A regression-based GPA institutional equating…

12 CFR 261.20 - Confidential supervisory information made available to supervised financial institutions and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... available to supervised financial institutions and financial institution supervisory agencies. 261.20... Supervised Institutions, Financial Institution Supervisory Agencies, Law Enforcement Agencies, and Others in Certain Circumstances § 261.20 Confidential supervisory information made available to supervised financial...

National Space Biomedical Research Institute

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2004-01-01

This report outlines the National Space Biomedical Research Institute's (NSBRI) activities during FY 2004, the Institute's seventh year. It is prepared in accordance with Cooperative Agreement NCC 9-58 between NASA's Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (JSC) and the Institute's lead institution, Baylor College of Medicine.

75 FR 3242 - National Cancer Institute; Notice of Closed Meetings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-20

... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Cancer Institute... personal privacy. Name of Committee: National Cancer Institute Special Emphasis Panel, In vivo Cellular and... Branch, Division of Extramural Activities, National Cancer Institute, 6116 Executive Boulevard, Room 7147...

76 FR 17930 - National Cancer Institute; Notice of Closed Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-31

... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Cancer Institute... personal privacy. Name of Committee: National Cancer Institute Initial Review Group; Subcommittee A--Cancer..., Division of Extramural Activities, National Cancer Institute, 6116 Executive Blvd, Room 8107, MSC 8328...

Are Schools and Colleges Institutions?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Glatter, Ron

2015-01-01

This paper asks whether schools and colleges should be regarded as institutions as well as organizations, and if so what are the implications. Different conceptions of "institution" are examined including an attempt to distinguish "institution" from "organization". It is suggested that institutions are committed to a…

Auditing as Institutional Research: A Qualitative Focus.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fetterman, David M.

1991-01-01

Internal institutional auditing can improve effectiveness and efficiency and protect an institution's assets. Many of the concepts and techniques used to analyze higher education institutions are qualitative in nature and suited to institutional research, including fiscal, operational, data-processing, investigative, management consulting,…

International Security Institutions, Domestic Politics, and Institutional Legitimacy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chapman, Terrence L.

2007-01-01

Scholars have devoted considerable attention to the informational role of international institutions. However, several questions about the informational aspects of institutional behavior remain underexplored: What determines how audiences respond to institutional decisions? Through what channels does information provision affect foreign policy? To…

Differences in the use of outsourcing in public and private institutions providing medical services.

PubMed

Czerw, Aleksandra I; Kowalska, Mariola; Religioni, Urszula

2014-06-29

The costs of health care in Poland are continuously increasing. Thus, almost every institution providing medical services aims at their limitation. One of the costs rationalisation methods in the health care sector is outsourcing. The study was conducted in 153 randomly selected institutions providing medical activities. The tool was a questionnaire, available via a web browser. Over 30% of public institutions identified the need for financial savings, as the main reason for outsourcing the cleaning function. Among private institutions, the dominant reason for this is too high maintenance cost of the cleaning staff (less than 40% of responses). The huge number of medical institutions use the services of an external company for laundering. Over 30% of public institutions identified as the most common reason for separation of functions laundering lack of resources to upgrade and modernize facilities. Less than 27% of public institutions indicate too high costs of kitchen staff as the main reason for ordering function of feeding. Another reason is the need for financial savings (22% response rate). Some institutions indicate a desire to focus on key areas (20% of responses) and lack of financial resources to upgrade and modernize the kitchen (20% response rate). Public and private institutions exercise control over the quality and method performed by an external service (71% of public institutions and 59% of private institutions). Private institutions often informally exercise external control (difference confirmed - Fisher's exact test). Less than 90% of public institutions indicated satisfaction with the services provided by external companies. The adaptation of outsourcing in medical facilities leads to financial efficiency improvement. Through the separation of some medical functions and entrusting their realisation to external companies, medical institutions can focus on their basic activity that is the provision of health services.

The Oswaldo Cruz Institute and its relationship with other biomedical research centers in São Paulo.

PubMed

Teixeira, L A

2005-12-01

This paper deals with the relationships between the Oswaldo Cruz Institute, a biomedical institution which was founded in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) in the beginning of the 20th century, and other similar institutions founded in São Paulo during the same period, especially the Butantan and the Biological Institutes. The analysis comprehends the three first decades of the 20th century. The paper starts with a comparative presentation of the trajectory of these three institutions, showing the reasons which determined the great influence the Oswaldo Cruz Institute exerted on the other two. Then, it analyses these influences, principally on the basis of the interchange of researchers among the institutions. It concludes by showing that, due to the institutions' greater professionalization, these influences were increasingly turned into integration.

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Institutional Priority for Diversity at Christian Institutions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Paredes-Collins, Kristin

2009-01-01

This evaluative study explored the relationship between institutional priority for diversity and minority enrollment at four schools within the Council for Christian Colleges and Universities, a consortium of Christian institutions. This institutional evaluation utilized public resources in order to gather descriptive data on minority enrollment…

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