Leaching behaviour of hazardous demolition waste.

PubMed

Roussat, Nicolas; Méhu, Jacques; Abdelghafour, Mohamed; Brula, Pascal

2008-11-01

Demolition wastes are generally disposed of in unlined landfills for inert waste. However, demolition wastes are not just inert wastes. Indeed, a small fraction of demolition waste contains components that are hazardous to human health and the environment, e.g., lead-based paint, mercury-contained in fluorescent lamps, treated wood, and asbestos. The objective of this study is to evaluate the release potential of pollutants contained in these hazardous components when they are mixed with inert wastes in unlined landfills. After identification of the different building products which can contain hazardous elements and which can be potentially pollutant in landfill scenario, we performed leaching tests using three different lysimeters: one lysimeter containing only inert wastes and two lysimeters containing inert wastes mixed with hazardous demolition wastes. The leachates from these lysimeters were analysed (heavy metals, chlorides, sulphates fluoride, DOC (Dissolved Organic Carbon), phenol index, and PAH). Finally, we compared concentrations and cumulative releases of elements in leachates with the limits values of European regulation for the acceptance of inert wastes at landfill. Results indicate that limit values are exceeded for some elements. We also performed a percolation column test with only demolition hazardous wastes to evaluate the specific contribution of these wastes in the observed releases.

Modeling chloride movement in the alluvial aquifer at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Colorado

USGS Publications Warehouse

Konikow, Leonard F.

1977-01-01

A solute-transport model that can be used to predict the movement of dissolved chemicals in flowing ground water was applied to a problem of ground-water contamination at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal, near Denver, Colo. The model couples a finite-difference solution to the ground-water flow equation with the method-of-characteristics solution to the solute-transport equation. From 1943 to 1956 liquid industrial wastes containing high chloride concentrations were disposed into unlined ponds at the Arsenal. Wastes seeped out of the unlined disposal ponds and spread for many square miles in the underlying shallow alluvial aquifer. Since 1956 disposal has been into an asphalt-lined reservoir, which contributed to a decline in ground-water contamination by 1972. The simulation model quantitatively integrated the effects of the major factors that controlled changes in chloride concentrations and accurately reproduced the 30-year history of chloride ground-water contamination. Analysis of the simulation results indicates that the geologic framework of the area markedly restricted the transport and dispersion of dissolved chemicals in the alluvium. Dilution, from irrigation recharge and seepage from unlined canals, was an important factor in reducing the level of chloride concentrations downgradient from the Arsenal. Similarly, recharge of uncontaminated water from the unlined ponds since 1956 has helped to dilute and flush the contaminated ground water.

Physical Performance Decrements in Military Personnel Wearing Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-10-01

remaining out of the testing position for more than 5 seconds. For the NeuroCom SOT, subjects were asked to stand on the force plate with the...PPE) P2 - 2 RTO-MP-HFM-181 and without a PPE system of Kevlar® front and back plates and an unlined combat helmet. The average mass of the PPE...in four different postural conditions immediately before and after the treadmill (exercise) test. All participants stood on a Bertec force platform

SST Technology Follow-On Program - Phase 2. Noise Suppressor/Nozzle Development. Volume 5. Advanced Suppressor Concepts and Full Scale Tests

DTIC Science & Technology

1975-03-01

Approved for U.S. Government only. This docu- ment is exempted from public availability be- cause of restrictions imposed by the Export Con- trol Act...Transmittal of this document outside the U.S. Government must have prior approval of the Supersonic Transport Office. 20 Security Classif (of this...linings may be determined by comparing nozzle/ejector radiated noise power levels between the unlined (hardwall) ejector case and the lined ejector

Ammonia transformations and abundance of ammonia oxidizers in a clay soil underlying a manure pond.

PubMed

Sher, Yonatan; Baram, Shahar; Dahan, Ofer; Ronen, Zeev; Nejidat, Ali

2012-07-01

Unlined manure ponds are constructed on clay soil worldwide to manage farm waste. Seepage of ammonia-rich liquor into underlying soil layers contributes to groundwater contamination by nitrate. To identify the possible processes that lead to the production of nitrate from ammonia in this oxygen-limited environment, we studied the diversity and abundance of ammonia-transforming microorganisms under an unlined manure pond. The numbers of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and anammox bacteria were most abundant in the top of the soil profile and decreased significantly with depth (0.5 m), correlating with soil pore-water ammonia concentrations and soil ammonia concentrations, respectively. On the other hand, the numbers of ammonia-oxidizing archaea were relatively constant throughout the soil profile (10(7) amoA copies per g(soil)). Nitrite-oxidizing bacteria were detected mainly in the top 0.2 m. The results suggest that nitrate accumulation in the vadose zone under the manure pond could be the result of complete aerobic nitrification (ammonia oxidation to nitrate) and could exist as a byproduct of anammox activity. While the majority of the nitrogen was removed within the 0.5-m soil section, possibly by combined anammox and heterotrophic denitrification, a fraction of the produced nitrate leached into the groundwater. © 2012 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd. All rights reserved.

Mitigation of methane emission from an old unlined landfill in Klintholm, Denmark using a passive biocover system.

PubMed

Scheutz, Charlotte; Pedersen, Rasmus Broe; Petersen, Per Haugsted; Jørgensen, Jørgen Henrik Bjerre; Ucendo, Inmaculada Maria Buendia; Mønster, Jacob G; Samuelsson, Jerker; Kjeldsen, Peter

2014-07-01

Methane generated at landfills contributes to global warming and can be mitigated by biocover systems relying on microbial methane oxidation. As part of a closure plan for an old unlined landfill without any gas management measures, an innovative biocover system was established. The system was designed based on a conceptual model of the gas emission patterns established through an initial baseline study. The study included construction of gas collection trenches along the slopes of the landfill where the majority of the methane emissions occurred. Local compost materials were tested as to their usefulness as bioactive methane oxidizing material and a suitable compost mixture was selected. Whole site methane emission quantifications based on combined tracer release and downwind measurements in combination with several local experimental activities (gas composition within biocover layers, flux chamber based emission measurements and logging of compost temperatures) proved that the biocover system had an average mitigation efficiency of approximately 80%. The study showed that the system also had a high efficiency during winter periods with temperatures below freezing. An economic analysis indicated that the mitigation costs of the biocover system were competitive to other existing greenhouse gas mitigation options. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Does Disposing of Construction and Demolition Debris in Unlined Landfills Impact Groundwater Quality? Evidence from 91 Landfill Sites in Florida.

PubMed

Powell, Jon T; Jain, Pradeep; Smith, Justin; Townsend, Timothy G; Tolaymat, Thabet M

2015-08-04

More than 1,500 construction and demolition debris (CDD) landfills operate in the United States (U.S.), and U.S. federal regulations do not require containment features such as low-permeability liners and leachate collection systems for these facilities. Here we evaluate groundwater quality from samples collected in groundwater monitoring networks at 91 unlined, permitted CDD landfills in Florida, U.S. A total of 460,504 groundwater sample results were analyzed, with a median of 10 years of quarterly or semiannual monitoring data per site including more than 400 different chemical constituents. Downgradient concentrations of total dissolved solids, sulfate, chloride, iron, ammonia-nitrogen, and aluminum were greater than upgradient concentrations (p < 0.05). At downgradient wells where sulfate concentrations were greater than 150 mg/L (approximately 10% of the maximum dissolved sulfate concentration in water, which suggests the presence of leachate from the landfill), iron and arsenic were detected in 91% and 43% of samples, with median concentrations of 1,900 μg/L and 11 μg/L, respectively. These results show that although health-based standards can be exceeded at unlined CDD landfills, the magnitude of detected chemical concentrations is generally small and reflective of leached minerals from components (wood, concrete, and gypsum drywall) that comprise the bulk of discarded CDD by mass.

Changes in fish communities following concrete lining of the Coachella Canal, southeastern California

USGS Publications Warehouse

Mueller, Gordon; Bryant, Gary; Burke, Tom

1989-01-01

The fish community of a 3.4-km section of the concrete-lined Coachella Canal, Imperial County, California, was comprised of six species, with an absolute density of 0.039 fish/m2 and estimated biomass of 4.367 g/m2. When compared to studies conducted in the canal prior to lining, or in other unlined areas, these data suggest reductions in species diversity (-14.3 to -62.5%), density (+8.9 to =83.8%), and biomass (-30.1 to -91.2%). These data support speculations that numbers of river-adapted fish would remain relatively high in a concrete-lined canal, but lentic and cover-oriented fishes such as centrarchis would decline.

Degradation and leaching potential of pesticides in biobed systems.

PubMed

Fogg, Paul; Boxall, Alistair; Walker, Allan; Jukes, Andrew

2004-07-01

Biobeds provide a potential solution to pesticide contamination of surface waters arising from the farmyard. Previous work has shown that biobeds can effectively treat spills and splashes of pesticide. This study investigated the potential for biobeds to treat much larger volumes and amounts of pesticide waste not only arising from spills but also from washing processes. Two systems were assessed using a range of pesticides at the semi-field scale, ie a lined biobed system and an unlined system. Studies using the lined biobeds demonstrated that water management was crucial, with biobeds needing to be covered to exclude rain-water. Once covered, the top of the biobed became hydrophobic, restricting moisture loss and resulting in saturated conditions at depth. The drying out of the top layer coincided with a measured decrease in microbial biomass in the treated biobeds. Applied pesticides were effectively retained within the 0-5 cm layer. Whilst all pesticides tested degraded, low moisture content and microbial activity meant degradation rates were low. Studies using unlined biobeds showed that only the most mobile pesticides leached, and for these > 99% was removed by the system, with a significant proportion degraded within 9 months. Peak concentrations of the two most mobile pesticides did however exceeded the limits that are likely to be required by regulatory bodies. However, it is thought that these limits could be reached by optimisation of the system.

Flocculation of kaolin and lignin by bovine blood and hemoglobin

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Polymeric flocculants are used extensively for water purification, inhibition of soil erosion, and reduction in water leakage from unlined canals. Production of highly active, renewable polymeric flocculants to replace synthetic flocculants is a priority. Using suspensions of kaolin, flocculation ...

PREDICTING CHLORINE RESIDUAL LOSSES IN UNLINED METALIC PIPES

EPA Science Inventory

There is substantial evidence that as water moves through a water distribution system its quality can deteriorate through interactions between the bulk phase and the pipe wall. One of the most serious aspects of water quality deterioration, in a network, is the loss of disinfect...

LOCATING LEAKS WITH ACOUSTIC TECHNOLOGY

EPA Science Inventory

Many water distribution systems in this country are almost 100 years old. About 26 percent of piping in these systems is made of unlined cast iron or steel and is in poor condition. Many methods that locate leaks in these pipes are time-consuming, costly, disruptive to operations...

Mitigation of methane emission from an old unlined landfill in Klintholm, Denmark using a passive biocover system

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Scheutz, Charlotte; Pedersen, Rasmus Broe; Petersen, Per Haugsted

Highlights: • An innovative biocover system was constructed on a landfill cell to mitigate the methane emission. • The biocover system had a mitigation efficiently of typically 80%. • The system also worked efficiently at ambient temperatures below freezing. • A whole landfill emission measurement tool was required to document the biocover system efficiency. - Abstract: Methane generated at landfills contributes to global warming and can be mitigated by biocover systems relying on microbial methane oxidation. As part of a closure plan for an old unlined landfill without any gas management measures, an innovative biocover system was established. The systemmore » was designed based on a conceptual model of the gas emission patterns established through an initial baseline study. The study included construction of gas collection trenches along the slopes of the landfill where the majority of the methane emissions occurred. Local compost materials were tested as to their usefulness as bioactive methane oxidizing material and a suitable compost mixture was selected. Whole site methane emission quantifications based on combined tracer release and downwind measurements in combination with several local experimental activities (gas composition within biocover layers, flux chamber based emission measurements and logging of compost temperatures) proved that the biocover system had an average mitigation efficiency of approximately 80%. The study showed that the system also had a high efficiency during winter periods with temperatures below freezing. An economic analysis indicated that the mitigation costs of the biocover system were competitive to other existing greenhouse gas mitigation options.« less

PREDICTING CHLORINE RESIDUAL LOSSES IN UNLINED METALLIC PIPES (PRESENTATION)

EPA Science Inventory

There is substantial evidence that as water moves through a water distribution system its quality can deteriorate through interactions between the bulk phase and the pipe wall. One of the most serious aspects of water quality deterioration, in a network, is the loss of disinfecta...

PREDICTING CHLORINE RESIDUAL LOSSES IN UNLINED METALLIC PIPES (POSTER)

EPA Science Inventory

There is substantial evidence that as water moves through a water distribution system its quality can deteriorate through interactions between the bulk phase and the pipe wall. One of the most serious aspects of water quality deterioration, in a network, is the loss of disinfect...

4. CONSTRUCTION PROGRESS VIEW OF EQUIPMENT IN FRONT PART OF ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

4. CONSTRUCTION PROGRESS VIEW OF EQUIPMENT IN FRONT PART OF CONTROL BUNKER (TRANSFORMER, HYDRAULIC TANK, PUMP, MOTOR). SHOWS UNLINED CORRUGATED METAL WALL. CAMERA FACING EAST. INEL PHOTO NUMBER 65-5433, TAKEN OCTOBER 20, 1965. - Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Advanced Reentry Vehicle Fusing System, Scoville, Butte County, ID

IRON TUBERCULATION: PHYSIO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A SINGLE PIPE FROM A DRINKING WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

EPA Science Inventory

The nature of iron tubercles inside unlined iron pipes of drinking water distribution systems are influenced by water quality and therefore susceptible to changes in water chemistry. The underlying assumption is that tubercles in a system have similar physio-chemical properties. ...

Polyacrylamide and biopolymer effects on flocculation, aggregate stability, and water seepage in a silt loam

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Researcher’s seek a more renewable and natural alternative for water soluble anionic polyacrylamide (PAM), a highly-effective, petroleum-derived polymer used in agriculture to control erosion and reduce water seepage from unlined irrigation structures. This study evaluated two anionic polymers: a ba...

The effect of advanced treatment on chlorine decay in metallic pipes

EPA Science Inventory

Experiments were run to measure what effect advanced treatment might have on the kinetics of chlorine decay in water distribution systems. A recirculating loop of 6-inch diameter unlined ductile iron pipe was used to simulate turbulent flow conditions in a pipe with significant c...

Extended characterization of M-Area settling basin and vicinity. Technical data summary. Revision

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pickett, J B

1985-10-01

The Savannah River Plant M-Area settling basin, an unlined surface impoundment, has received process effluents from the M-Area fuel and target fabrication facilities since 1958. The waste effluents have contained metal degreasing agents (chlorinated hydrocarbons), acids, caustics, and heavy metals. Data analyses are provided.

National Aerospace Plane Integrated Fuselage/Cryotank Risk Reduction program

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dayton, K. E.

1993-06-01

The principal objectives and results of the National Aerospace Plane (NASP) Integrated Risk Reduction program are briefly reviewed. The program demonstrated the feasibility of manufacturing lightweight advanced composite materials for single-stage-to-orbit hypersonic flight vehicle applications. A series of combined load simulation tests (thermal, mechanical, and cryogenic) demonstrated proof of concept performance for an all unlined composite cryogenic fuel tank with flat end bulkheads and a high-temperature thin-shell advanced composite fuselage. Temperatures of the fuselage were as high as 1300 F, with 100 percent bending and shear loads applied to the tank while filled with 850 gallons of cryogenic fluid hydrogen (-425 F). Leak rates measured on and around the cryotank shell and bulkheads were well below acceptable levels.

78 FR 60218 - Safety Zone; Old Mormon Slough, Stockton, CA

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-01

... decontaminate soil, groundwater, and sediment in Old Mormon Slough and the surrounding basin. This safety zone... safety zone in Old Mormon Slough to further the efforts of the EPA to rehabilitate soil, sediment, and... water collection ponds. The unlined oily waste ponds were closed in 1981. Sampling has shown that soils...

POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE AND CLINOPTILOLITE ZEOLITE FOR IN SITU TREATMENT OF GROUND WATER CONTAMINATED WITH LANDFILL LEACHATE: LABORATORY STUDY

EPA Science Inventory

There are tens of thousands of closed landfills in the United States, many of whicih are unlined and sited on alluvial deposits. Landfills are of concern because leachate contains a variety of pollutants that can contaminate ground and surface water. Data from chemical analysis...

46 CFR 151.50-21 - Sulfuric acid.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

...° Baumé) or greater concentrations with or without an inhibitor, provided the corrosive effect on steel... corrosive effect on steel measured at 100 °F is not greater than that of 52° Baumé commercial sulfuric acid, may be transported in unlined pressure vessel type cargo tanks independent of the vessel's structure...

46 CFR 151.50-21 - Sulfuric acid.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

...° Baumé) or greater concentrations with or without an inhibitor, provided the corrosive effect on steel... corrosive effect on steel measured at 100 °F is not greater than that of 52° Baumé commercial sulfuric acid, may be transported in unlined pressure vessel type cargo tanks independent of the vessel's structure...

46 CFR 151.50-21 - Sulfuric acid.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

...° Baumé) or greater concentrations with or without an inhibitor, provided the corrosive effect on steel... corrosive effect on steel measured at 100 °F is not greater than that of 52° Baumé commercial sulfuric acid, may be transported in unlined pressure vessel type cargo tanks independent of the vessel's structure...

46 CFR 151.50-21 - Sulfuric acid.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

...° Baumé) or greater concentrations with or without an inhibitor, provided the corrosive effect on steel... corrosive effect on steel measured at 100 °F is not greater than that of 52° Baumé commercial sulfuric acid, may be transported in unlined pressure vessel type cargo tanks independent of the vessel's structure...

46 CFR 151.50-21 - Sulfuric acid.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

...° Baumé) or greater concentrations with or without an inhibitor, provided the corrosive effect on steel... corrosive effect on steel measured at 100 °F is not greater than that of 52° Baumé commercial sulfuric acid, may be transported in unlined pressure vessel type cargo tanks independent of the vessel's structure...

Soil contamination by heavy metals: measurements from a closed unlined landfill.

PubMed

Kasassi, A; Rakimbei, P; Karagiannidis, A; Zabaniotou, A; Tsiouvaras, K; Nastis, A; Tzafeiropoulou, K

2008-12-01

The aim of the present study was the characterization of soil samples of a closed unlined landfill located northwest of Thessaloniki, North Greece, in relation to heavy metals values. Samples were obtained by drilling in different depths (2.5-17.5m). Then they were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry for Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn investigation. The chemical analysis showed that the metal values varied over a wide range: from 0.50 to 18.75mg/kg for Cd, 3.88-171.88mg/kg for Cr, 8.13-356.25mg/kg for Cu, 5.63-63.75mg/kg for Ni, 2.50-92.50mg/kg for Pb and 6.38-343.75mg/kg for Zn. The highest values found in three of the six drillings, in depths over 2.5m. Although the area is heavily industrialized, the presented results indicated that local industries have not constituted an extensive metal pollution source for the site. Finally, after all necessary preparatory operations of site cleaning and flattening, surface planting selected and applied as a phytoremediation rehabilitation method of the site.

Determination of trigger levels for groundwater quality in landfills located in historically human-impacted areas.

PubMed

Stefania, Gennaro A; Zanotti, Chiara; Bonomi, Tullia; Fumagalli, Letizia; Rotiroti, Marco

2018-05-01

Landfills are one of the most recurrent sources of groundwater contamination worldwide. In order to limit their impacts on groundwater resources, current environmental regulations impose the adoption of proper measures for the protection of groundwater quality. For instance, in the EU member countries, the calculation of trigger levels for identifying significant adverse environmental effects on groundwater generated by landfills is required by the Landfill Directive 99/31/EC. Although the derivation of trigger levels could be relatively easy when groundwater quality data prior to the construction of a landfill are available, it becomes challenging when these data are missing and landfills are located in areas that are already impacted by historical contamination. This work presents a methodology for calculating trigger levels for groundwater quality in landfills located in areas where historical contaminations have deteriorated groundwater quality prior to their construction. This method is based on multivariate statistical analysis and involves 4 steps: (a) implementation of the conceptual model, (b) landfill monitoring data collection, (c) hydrochemical data clustering and (d) calculation of the trigger levels. The proposed methodology was applied on a case study in northern Italy, where a currently used lined landfill is located downstream of an old unlined landfill and others old unmapped waste deposits. The developed conceptual model stated that groundwater quality deterioration observed downstream of the lined landfill is due to a degrading leachate plume fed by the upgradient unlined landfill. The methodology led to the determination of two trigger levels for COD and NH 4 -N, the former for a zone representing the background hydrochemistry (28 and 9 mg/L for COD and NH 4 -N, respectively), the latter for the zone impacted by the degrading leachate plume from the upgradient unlined landfill (89 and 83 mg/L for COD and NH 4 -N, respectively). Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Leaching of pesticides from biobeds: effect of biobed depth and water loading.

PubMed

Fogg, Paul; Boxall, Alistair B A; Walker, Allan; Jukes, Andrew

2004-10-06

Pesticides may be released to farmyard surfaces as a result of spillages, leakages, and the decontamination of tractors and sprayers. Biobeds can be used to intercept and treat contaminated runoff, thus minimizing losses to the environment. Previous studies using lined and unlined biobeds showed that water management was the limiting factor for both systems. While lined biobeds effectively retained pesticides, the system rapidly became water logged and degradation was slow. Studies using unlined biobeds showed that >99% of the applied pesticides were removed by the system, with a significant proportion degraded within 9 months. However, peak concentrations of certain pesticides (Koc < 125) were unacceptable to the regulatory authorities. These experiments were designed to optimize the design and management of unlined biobeds. Experiments performed to investigate the relationship between biobed depth and water loading showed that biobeds need to have a minimum depth of 1-1.5 m. The surface area dimension of the biobed depends on the water loading, which is controlled by the nature and frequency of pesticide handling activities on the farm. Leaching losses of all but the most mobile (Koc < 15) pesticides were <0.32% of the applied dose from 1.5 m deep biobeds subject to a water loading of 1175 L m(-2). These were reduced to <0.06% when a water loading of 688 L m(-2) was applied and down to <0.0001% for a water loading of 202 L m(-2). On the basis of these data, a 1.5 m deep biobed, subject to a maximum water loading of 1121 L m(-2) and with a surface area of 40 m(2) should be able to treat < or =44000 L of pesticide waste and washings such that the average concentration of all pesticides, other than those classified as very mobile, does not exceed 5 microg L(-1). This level of treatment can be improved by further reduction in the hydraulic loading.

Reliability analysis of hydrologic containment of liquefied petroleum gas within unlined rock caverns.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gao, X.; Yan, E. C.; Yeh, T. C. J.; Wang, Y.; Liang, Y.; Hao, Y.

2017-12-01

Notice that most of the underground liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) storage caverns are constructed in unlined rock caverns (URCs), where the variability of hydraulic properties (in particular, hydraulic conductivity) has significant impacts on hydrologic containment performance. However, it is practically impossible to characterize the spatial distribution of these properties in detail at the site of URCs. This dilemma forces us to cope with uncertainty in our evaluations of gas containment. As a consequence, the uncertainty-based analysis is deemed more appropriate than the traditional deterministic analysis. The objectives of this paper are 1) to introduce a numerical first order method to calculate the gas containment reliability within a heterogeneous, two-dimensional unlined rock caverns, and 2) to suggest a strategy for improving the gas containment reliability. In order to achieve these goals, we first introduced the stochastic continuum representation of saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) of fractured rock and analyzed the spatial variability of Ks at a field site. We then conducted deterministic simulations to demonstrate the importance of heterogeneity of Ks in the analysis of gas tightness performance of URCs. Considering the uncertainty of the heterogeneity in the real world situations, we subsequently developed a numerical first order method (NFOM) to determine the gas tightness reliability at crucial locations of URCs. Using the NFOM, the effect of spatial variability of Ks on gas tightness reliability was investigated. Results show that as variance or spatial structure anisotropy of Ks increases, most of the gas tightness reliability at crucial locations reduces. Meanwhile, we compare the results of NFOM with those of Monte Carlo simulation, and we find the accuracy of NFOM is mainly affected by the magnitude of the variance of Ks. At last, for improving gas containment reliability at crucial locations at this study site, we suggest that vertical water-curtain holes should be installed in the pillar rather than increasing density of horizontal water-curtain boreholes.

1. East portal of Tunnel 3, view to west, 135mm ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. East portal of Tunnel 3, view to west, 135mm lens. This tunnel was photographed to provide context, because even though somewhat enlarged, it illustrates the nature of the unlined hard rock tunnels typical of the original Central Pacific construction in 1868. - Central Pacific Transcontinental Railroad, Tunnel No. 3, Milepost 180.65, Cisco, Placer County, CA

Cleanup Verification Package for the 118-F-5 PNL Sawdust Pit

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

L. D. Habel

2008-05-20

This cleanup verification package documents completion of remedial action, sampling activities, and compliance with cleanup criteria for the 118-F-5 Burial Ground, the PNL (Pacific Northwest Laboratory) Sawdust Pit. The 118-F-5 Burial Ground was an unlined trench that received radioactive sawdust from the floors of animal pens in the 100-F Experimental Animal Farm.

Effects of Storage Conditions on Consumer and Chemical Assessments of Raw ‘Nonpareil’ Almonds Over a Two‐Year Period

PubMed Central

Pleasance, Emily A.; Pegg, Ronald B.; Swanson, Ruthann B.; Cheely, Anna N.; Huang, Guangwei; Parrish, Daniel R.; Kerrihard, Adrian L.

2018-01-01

Abstract Raw almonds are a major commodity, yet much is unknown about how storage conditions determine their shelf life. The storage stability, as measured by consumer assessments and chemical measures, of raw almonds was determined for samples stored in cardboard boxes and polypropylene packaging for 2 years at 4, 15, 25, and 35 °C, and at 50% and 65% relative humidity (RH). Samples stored in unlined cartons always failed (>25% rejection) before their counterparts stored in polypropylene bags under identical environmental conditions. Models determined that polypropylene packaging (as opposed to unlined cardboard cartons) extended the time until sample rejection by more than 7 months. Temperature and RH were both negatively associated with storage time until failure. Flavor was a greater contributor to consumer acceptability than texture or odor, while peroxide values and free fatty acids were of greater importance in predicting raw almond consumer quality than measures of conjugated dienes or 2‐thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances. Practical Application The results of this study will allow almond producers to determine packaging types and environmental storage conditions that provide shelf life of a specified time. PMID:29355948

Stress Analysis and Permeability Testing of Cryogenic Composite Feed Line

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chu, Tsuchin Philip

1999-01-01

For the next generation Single-Stage-To-Orbit (SSTO) Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV), the use of advanced composite materials is highly desirable and critical to the success of the mission. NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) has been working with the aerospace industry for many years to develop and demonstrate the cryogenic composite propellant tanks and feed lines technologies. A 50.8-mm diameter composite feed line for the Clipper Graham (DCY.A) was developed and tested. The purpose of the program is to demonstrate the LH2 permeability, composite to composite and metal joints, as well as composite flange interface of the composite feed line. Stress analysis and permeability testing have been performed on this article. Recently, a larger composite feed line design is being investigated and developed at MSFC for potential use in future RLV. The diameter of the feed line is 203 mm and the overall length is approximately 2.2 meters. This one piece unlined feed line consists of three straight tubular sections joined by two 90 degree elbows. The material chosen is IM7/977-3 prepreg fabric. The lay-up pattern is [0/90, plus or minus 45]s and is built up to 18 plies to the flanges at both ends. A preliminary stress analysis has been conducted to identify potential critical stresses and to develop the finite element analysis (FEA) capability of composite feed lines. As expected, the critical stresses occurred at the rims of some flange holes and the onset of the tapered tubular sections. Further analysis is required to determine the loads, flange deflection, vibration, and combined maximum loads. Two permeability-testing apparatuses were also designed for both flat panel specimens and curved feed line sections after impact damage. A larger permeant gas exposed area is required to accurately determine the effect of impact damage on the permeability of the feed line materials. The flat panel tester was fabricated and assembled. Three test coupons were made of graphite/epoxy plain weave prepreg and unidirectional prepreg. The flow rate was calculated by measuring the change of manometer fluid height per unit time. The permeability of the coupons is then calculated according to Darcy's Law. The pressure increase due to the head rise in the manometer was not considered for the initial estimation. The result of the unidirectional composite coupon agreed with that obtained from the DC-XA feed line testing of a similar material. Further improvement on the design may be required to improve the accuracy and efficiency of permeability testing.

Geochemistry of an abandoned landfill containing coal combustion waste: Implications for remediation

Treesearch

Christopher Barton; Linda Paddock; Christopher Romanek; John Seaman

2001-01-01

The 488-D Ash Basin (488-DAB) is an unlined, earthen landfill containing approximately one million tons of dry ash and coal reject material at the U.S. Department of Energy's Savannah River Site, SC. The pyritic nature of the coal rejects has resulted in the formation of acidic drainage (AD), which has contributed to groundwater deterioration and threatened biota...

76 FR 12727 - Black Canyon Hydro, LLC; Notice of Preliminary Permit Application Accepted for Filing and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-08

... Reservoir with a storage capacity of 9,700-acre-foot; (4) a 3,800-foot-long, 18.7-foot-diameter concrete-lined pressure shaft; (5) a 200-foot-long, 22.4-foot-diameter concrete-lined tailrace; (6) a 280-foot...,700-acre-foot; (4) a 800-foot-long, 20.4-foot-diameter unlined or concrete-lined low-pressure tunnel...

Solid Lubricants for Space Structures

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-04-17

will utilize mechanically interlocked hardware (caged bearings or bearings for ultra precision gimbals pointing mechanisms) controlled through precision...structure unless the lubricant were of low vapor pressure and/or suitably sealed to I prevent molecular effusion . While temperatures within spacecraft or...incorporation in the continuous cast system. The die made of graphite, consists of a plurality of openings or holes located in the die and positioned (unlined

Metal attenuation processes in a landfill containing coal combustion waste: implications for remediation

Treesearch

Christopher Barton; Lindy Paddock; Christopher Romanek; Sally Maharaj; John Seaman

2005-01-01

The 488-D Ash Basin (488-DAB) is an unlined, earthen landfill containing approximately 1 million t of dry ash and coal reject material at the U.S. Department of Energy's Savannah River Site, South Carolina. The pyritic nature of the coal rejects has resulted in the formation of acidic drainage, which has contributed to groundwater deterioration and threatened...

Evaluating landfill disposal of chromated copper arsenate (CCA) treated wood and potential effects on groundwater: evidence from Florida.

PubMed

Saxe, Jennifer K; Wannamaker, Eric J; Conklin, Scott W; Shupe, Todd F; Beck, Barbara D

2007-01-01

Chromated copper arsenate (CCA) treated wood has been used for more than 50 years. Recent attention has been focused on appropriate disposal of CCA-treated wood when its service life ends. Groups in the US and Europe concerned with the possibility of arsenic migration to groundwater from disposed CCA-treated wood have proposed that consumers be required to dispose of the wood as a hazardous waste, in the most protective of landfills. We examined available data for evidence of arsenic migration from unlined construction and demolition (C&D) debris landfills in Florida, where CCA-treated wood is disposed. Florida was chosen because soil, groundwater, landfill design, weather, and levels of CCA-treated wood use make the state a uniquely sensitive indicator for observing arsenic migration from CCA-treated wood disposal sites, should it occur. We developed and quality-checked a CCA-treated wood disposal model to estimate the amount of wood and associated arsenic disposed. By 2000, an estimated 13 million kg of arsenic in CCA-treated wood was disposed in Florida; however, groundwater monitoring data do not indicate that arsenic is migrating from unlined C&D landfills. Our results provide evidence that highly stringent regulation of CCA-treated wood disposal, such as treatment as a hazardous waste, is unnecessary.

Test Stand at the Rocket Engine Test Facility

NASA Image and Video Library

1973-02-21

The thrust stand in the Rocket Engine Test Facility at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Lewis Research Center in Cleveland, Ohio. The Rocket Engine Test Facility was constructed in the mid-1950s to expand upon the smaller test cells built a decade before at the Rocket Laboratory. The $2.5-million Rocket Engine Test Facility could test larger hydrogen-fluorine and hydrogen-oxygen rocket thrust chambers with thrust levels up to 20,000 pounds. Test Stand A, seen in this photograph, was designed to fire vertically mounted rocket engines downward. The exhaust passed through an exhaust gas scrubber and muffler before being vented into the atmosphere. Lewis researchers in the early 1970s used the Rocket Engine Test Facility to perform basic research that could be utilized by designers of the Space Shuttle Main Engines. A new electronic ignition system and timer were installed at the facility for these tests. Lewis researchers demonstrated the benefits of ceramic thermal coatings for the engine’s thrust chamber and determined the optimal composite material for the coatings. They compared the thermal-coated thrust chamber to traditional unlined high-temperature thrust chambers. There were more than 17,000 different configurations tested on this stand between 1973 and 1976. The Rocket Engine Test Facility was later designated a National Historic Landmark for its role in the development of liquid hydrogen as a propellant.

Chlorine fate and transport in drinking water distribution systems: Results from experimental and modeling studies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Clark, Robert M.

2011-12-01

It has become generally accepted that water quality can deteriorate in a distribution system through microbiological and chemical reactions in the bulk phase and/or at the pipe wall. The most serious aspect of water quality deterioration in a network is the loss of the disinfectant residual that can weaken the barrier against microbial contamination. Studies have suggested that one factor contributing to the loss of disinfectant residuals is the reaction between bulk phase disinfectants and pipe wall material. Free chlorine loss in corroded metal and PVC pipes, subject to changes in velocity, was assessed during an experiment conducted under controlled conditions in a specially constructed pipe loop located at the US Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) Test and Evaluation (T&E) Facility in Cincinnati, Ohio (USA). These studies demonstrated that in older unlined metal pipes, the loss of chlorine residual increases with velocity but that wall demand in PVC was negligible.

1. East portal of Tunnel 4, view to west with ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. East portal of Tunnel 4, view to west with east portal of Tunnel 38 (HAER CA-211) visible in distance, 135mm lens with electronic flash fill. This tunnel was photographed to provide context, because even though somewhat enlarged, it illustrates the nature of the unlined hard rock tunnels typical of the original Central Pacific construction in 1868. - Central Pacific Transcontinental Railroad, Tunnel No. 4, Milepost 180.95, Cisco, Placer County, CA

Magnetic field gradients and their uses in the study of the earth's magnetic field

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Harrison, C. G. A.; Southam, J. R.

1991-01-01

Magnetic field gradients are discussed from the standpoint of their usefulness in modeling crustal magnetizations. The fact that gradients enhance shorter wavelength features helps reduce both the core signal and the signal from external fields in comparison with the crustal signal. If the gradient device can be oriented, then directions of lineation can be determined from single profiles, and anomalies caused by unlineated sources can be identified.

Repair, Evaluation, Maintenance, and Rehabilitation Research Program. Geotechnical Aspects of Rock Erosion in Emergency Spillway Channels

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-08-01

8217 flooring unlined spillway channels. 115. Rippability was proposed by Weaver (1975) as a rock mass classifi- cation system that enables the assessment...geological. features which govern the as- sessment of rippability are rock type, haidness, weathering, stcucture, and fabric. Saismic P-wave velocity...channel. Rippability should be combined with a factor 84 that describes lithostratigraphic continuity in order to derive the erosion potential of the

Characteristics of iron corrosion scales and water quality variations in drinking water distribution systems of different pipe materials.

PubMed

Li, Manjie; Liu, Zhaowei; Chen, Yongcan; Hai, Yang

2016-12-01

Interaction between old, corroded iron pipe surfaces and bulk water is crucial to the water quality protection in drinking water distribution systems (WDS). Iron released from corrosion products will deteriorate water quality and lead to red water. This study attempted to understand the effects of pipe materials on corrosion scale characteristics and water quality variations in WDS. A more than 20-year-old hybrid pipe section assembled of unlined cast iron pipe (UCIP) and galvanized iron pipe (GIP) was selected to investigate physico-chemical characteristics of corrosion scales and their effects on water quality variations. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) were used to analyze micromorphology and chemical composition of corrosion scales. In bench testing, water quality parameters, such as pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), oxidation reduction potential (ORP), alkalinity, conductivity, turbidity, color, Fe 2+ , Fe 3+ and Zn 2+ , were determined. Scale analysis and bench-scale testing results demonstrated a significant effect of pipe materials on scale characteristics and thereby water quality variations in WDS. Characteristics of corrosion scales sampled from different pipe segments show obvious differences, both in physical and chemical aspects. Corrosion scales were found highly amorphous. Thanks to the protection of zinc coatings, GIP system was identified as the best water quality stability, in spite of high zinc release potential. It is deduced that the complicated composition of corrosion scales and structural break by the weld result in the diminished water quality stability in HP system. Measurement results showed that iron is released mainly in ferric particulate form. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Phenolic contamination in the sand-and-gravel aquifer from a surface impoundment of wood treatment wastes, Pensacola, Florida

USGS Publications Warehouse

Troutman, D.E.; Godsy, E.M.; Goerlitz, D.F.; Ehrlich, G.G.

1984-01-01

Creosote and pentachlorophenol wastewaters discharged to unlined surface impoundments have resulted in groundwater contamination in the vicinity of an industrial site near Pensacola, Florida. Total phenol concentrations of 36,000 microgm/liter have been detected 40 ft below land surface in a test hole 100 ft south of an overflow impoundment but less than 10 microgm/liter 90 ft below land surface. Samples collected in test holes 1,350 ft downgradient from the surface impoundments and 100 ft north of Pensacola Bay, above and immediately below a clay lens, indicate that phenol contaminated groundwater may not be discharging directly into Pensacola Bay. Phenol concentrations exceeding 20 microgm/liter were detected in samples from a drainage ditch discharging directly into Bayou Chico. Microbiological data collected near the test site suggest that an anaerobic methanogenic ecosystem contributes to a reduction in phenol concentrations in groundwater. A laboratory study using bacteria isolated from the study site indicates that phenol, 2-methylphenol, and 3-methylphenol are significantly degraded and that methanogenesis reduces total phenol concentrations in laboratory digestors by 45%. Pentachlorophenol may inhibit methanogenesis at concentrations exceeding 0.45 milligm/liter. (USGS)

Storage of Residual Fuel Oil in Underground Unlined Rock Caverns.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-12-01

underground space as the above-mentioned companies.) These companies are anxious to market their experience and cite contacts with the U.S. Department of...expanding marketing efforts. Detailed descriptions 13. In the original plan for producing a generic study of the four storage media, it was decided to...Jollanssonr and Mr. Tuomlo SaarniI Manager, Market ing Energy Sector (Bibl: 14, 15, arid 16). 13 . Ekono Oy is one ol the four companies forming the

Benefits and Risks of using Linear Anionic Polyacrylamide (LA-PAM) for Seepage Reduction in Unlined Water Delivery Canals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Susfalk, R. B.; Martin, C.; Sada, D.; Young, M.; Gates, T.; Shanafield, M.; Fitzgerald, B.; Smith, D.

2008-12-01

As water resources continue to be constrained in the arid western United States, there is a need to improve the efficiency in how water is transported from its sources to end-users. In particular, there is a growing need for cost-effective technologies capable of reducing undesirable seepage from water delivery canals where traditional canal sealing methods, such as concrete and geomembranes, are not suitable or cost-prohibitive. One alternative is the use of a linear, anionic polyacrylamide (LA-PAM) applied as granular solid to a flowing canal. The benefits and risks of LA-PAM use in unlined water delivery canals will be discussed in context of a diverse set of experiments that were conducted in the laboratory, at the furrow-scale, and in working water delivery canals. When properly used, the application of LA-PAM reduced seepage rates between 28 and 87 percent at a cost of 78 to 213 km-1. LA-PAM provided a cost-effective tool for canal operators to better manage the volume, timing, and extent of water losses from their canals. However, these benefits must be weighed against potential risks associated with LA-PAM use. Potential risks included the release of small concentrations of residual acrylamide (AMD) monomer, a cumulative neurotoxin and a suspected human carcinogen, and potential impacts on aquatic communities and downstream users.

Tracing long-term vadose zone processes at the Nevada Test Site, USA

PubMed Central

Hunt, James R.; Tompson, Andrew F. B.

2010-01-01

The nuclear weapons testing programme of the USA has released radionuclides to the subsurface at the Nevada Test Site. One of these tests has been used to study the hydrological transport of radionuclides for over 25 years in groundwater and the deep unsaturated zone. Ten years after the weapon’s test, a 16 year groundwater pumping experiment was initiated to study the mobility of radionuclides from that test in an alluvial aquifer. The continuously pumped groundwater was released into an unlined ditch where some of the water infiltrated into the 200 m deep vadose zone. The pumped groundwater had well-characterized tritium activities that were utilized to trace water migration in the shallow and deep vadose zones. Within the near-surface vadose zone, tritium levels in the soil water are modelled by a simple one-dimensional, analytical wetting front model. In the case of the near-surface soils at the Cambric Ditch experimental site, water flow and salt accumulation appear to be dominated by rooted vegetation, a mechanism not included within the wetting front model. Simulation results from a two-dimensional vadose groundwater flow model illustrate the dominance of vertical flow in the vadose zone and the recharge of the aquifer with the pumped groundwater. The long-time series of hydrological data provides opportunities to understand contaminant transport processes better in the vadose zone with an appropriate level of modelling. PMID:21785525

In Situ Catalytic Groundwater Treatment Using Palladium Catalysts and Horizontal Flow Treatment Wells

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-01-01

may enter the soil , and subsequently the groundwater, along any portion of this unlined channel. The area south of the buildings has not been...the 1960s in the northwestern corner of Site 19, and an estimated 250,000 gallons of JP-4 jet fuel were released. Soil was excavated and...16,000 Pd catalyst treatment system $61,000 Pd catalyst with eggshell coating (20 kg @ $245 per lb) $11,000 Skid-mounted reactor system and

GeoChip-based Analysis of Groundwater Microbial Diversity in Norman Landfill

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lu, Zhenmei; He, Zhili; Parisi, Victoria

The Norman Landfill is a closed municipal solid waste landfill located on an alluvium associated with the Canadian River in Norman, Oklahoma. It has operated as a research site since 1994 because it is typical of many closed landfill sites across the U.S. Leachate from the unlined landfill forms a groundwater plume that extends downgradient approximately 250 m from the landfill toward the Canadian River. To investigate the impact of the landfill leachate on the diversity and functional structure of microbial communities, groundwater samples were taken from eight monitoring wells at a depth of 5m, and analyzed using a comprehensivemore » functional gene array covering about 50,000 genes involved in key microbial processes, such as biogeochemical cycling of C, N, P, and S, and bioremediation of organic contaminants and metals. Wells are located within a transect along a presumed flow path with different distances to the center of the leachate plume. Our analyses showed that microbial communities were obviously impacted by the leachate-component from the landfill. The number of genes detected and microbial diversity indices in the center (LF2B) and its closest (MLS35) wells were significantly less than those detected in other more downgradient wells, while no significant changes were observed in the relative abundance (i.e., percentage of each gene category) for most gene categories. However, the microbial community composition or structure of the landfill groundwater did not clearly show a significant correlation with the distance from well LF2B. Burkholderia sp. and Pseudomonas sp. were found to be the dominant microbial populations detected in all wells, while Bradyrhizobium sp. and Ralstonia sp. were dominant populations for seven wells except LF2B. In addition, Mantel test and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) indicate that pH, sulfate, ammonia nitrogen and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) have significant effects on the microbial community structure. The results suggest that the leachate from unlined landfills significantly impact the structures of groundwater microbial communities, and that more distal wells recover by natural attenuation.« less

Acoustic power balance in lined ducts

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Eversman, W.

1979-01-01

It is shown that the two common definitions of acoustic energy density and intensity in uniform unlined ducts carrying uniform flow are compatible to the extent that both energy densities can be used in an appropriate variational principle to derive the convected wave equation. When the duct walls are lined both energy densities must be modified to account for the wall energy density. This results in a new energy conservation equation which utilizes a modified definition of axial power and accounts for wall dissipation. Computations in specific cases demonstrate the validity of the modified acoustic energy relation.

The visual and radiological inspection of a pipeline using a teleoperated pipe crawler

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Fogle, R.F.; Kuelske, K.; Kellner, R.

1995-01-01

In the 1950s, the Savannah River Site built an open, unlined retention basin to temporarily store potentially radionuclide contaminated cooling water from a chemical separations process and storm water drainage from a nearby waste management facility that stored large quantities of nuclear fission byproducts in carbon steel tanks. The retention basin was retired from service in 1972 when a new, lined basin was completed. In 1978, the old retention basin was excavated, backfilled with uncontaminated dirt, and covered with grass. At the same time, much of the underground process pipeline leading to the basin was abandoned. Since the closure ofmore » the retention basin, new environmental regulations require that the basin undergo further assessment to determine whether additional remediation is required. A visual and radiological inspection of the pipeline was necessary to aid in the remediation decision making process for the retention basin system. A teleoperated pipe crawler inspection system was developed to survey the abandoned sections of underground pipelines leading to the retired retention basin. This paper will describe the background to this project, the scope of the investigation, the equipment requirements, and the results of the pipeline inspection.« less

The inspection of a radiologically contaminated pipeline using a teleoperated pipe crawler

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Fogle, R.F.; Kuelske, K.; Kellner, R.A.

1995-08-01

In the 1950s, the Savannah River Site built an open, unlined retention basin to temporarily store potentially radionuclide contaminated cooling water from a chemical separations process and storm water drainage from a nearby waste management facility that stored large quantities of nuclear fission byproducts in carbon steel tanks. The retention basin was retired from service in 1972 when a new, lined basin was completed. In 1978, the old retention basin was excavated, backfilled with uncontaminated dirt, and covered with grass. At the same time, much of the underground process pipeline leading to the basin was abandoned. Since the closure ofmore » the retention basin, new environmental regulations require that the basin undergo further assessment to determine whether additional remediation is required. A visual and radiological inspection of the pipeline was necessary to aid in the remediation decision making process for the retention basin system. A teleoperated pipe crawler inspection system was developed to survey the abandoned sections of underground pipelines leading to the retired retention basin. This paper will describe the background to this project, the scope of the investigation, the equipment requirements, and the results of the pipeline inspection.« less

Design options for improved performance with high-density carbon ablators and low-gas fill hohlraum targets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Berzak Hopkins, L.; Divol, L.; Lepape, S.; Meezan, N. B.; Dewald, E.; Ho, D.; Khan, S.; Pak, A.; Ralph, J.; Ross, J. S.

2016-10-01

Recent simulation-based and experimental work using high-density carbon ablators in unlined uranium hohlraums with 0.3 mg/cc helium fill have demonstrated round implosions with minimal evolution of Legendre moment P2 during burn. To extend this promising work, design studies have been performed to explore potential performance improvements with larger capsules, while maintaining similar case-to-capsule target ratios. We present here the results of these design studies, which will motivate a series of upcoming experiments at the National Ignition Facility. Prepared by LLNL under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344.

GeoChip-based analysis of microbial functional gene diversity in a landfill leachate-contaminated aquifer

USGS Publications Warehouse

Lu, Zhenmei; He, Zhili; Parisi, Victoria A.; Kang, Sanghoon; Deng, Ye; Van Nostrand, Joy D.; Masoner, Jason R.; Cozzarelli, Isabelle M.; Suflita, Joseph M.; Zhou, Jizhong

2012-01-01

The functional gene diversity and structure of microbial communities in a shallow landfill leachate-contaminated aquifer were assessed using a comprehensive functional gene array (GeoChip 3.0). Water samples were obtained from eight wells at the same aquifer depth immediately below a municipal landfill or along the predominant downgradient groundwater flowpath. Functional gene richness and diversity immediately below the landfill and the closest well were considerably lower than those in downgradient wells. Mantel tests and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) suggested that various geochemical parameters had a significant impact on the subsurface microbial community structure. That is, leachate from the unlined landfill impacted the diversity, composition, structure, and functional potential of groundwater microbial communities as a function of groundwater pH, and concentrations of sulfate, ammonia, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Historical geochemical records indicate that all sampled wells chronically received leachate, and the increase in microbial diversity as a function of distance from the landfill is consistent with mitigation of the impact of leachate on the groundwater system by natural attenuation mechanisms.

Miscellaneous chemical basin expedited site characterization report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Riha, B.D.; Pemberton, B.E.; Rossabi, J.

1996-12-01

A total of twenty nine cone penetrometer test (CPT) pushes in three weeks were conducted for vadose zone characterization of the Miscellaneous Chemical Basin (MCB) waste unit at the Savannah River Site. The shallow, unlined basin received liquid chemical wastes over an 18 year period beginning in 1956. This characterization was initiated to determine the vertical and lateral extent of contamination in the vadose zone and to install vadose zone wells for remediation by barometric pumping or active vapor extraction to help prevent further contamination of groundwater. The CPT locations within the waste site were selected based on results frommore » previous shallow soil gas surveys, groundwater contamination data, and the suspected basin center. Geophysical data and soil gas samples were collected at twenty five locations and twenty five vadose zone wells were installed. The wells were screened to target the clay zones and areas of higher soil gas concentrations. The well construction diagrams are provided in Appendix B. Baro-Ball{trademark} valves for enhanced barometric pumping were installed on each well upon completion to immediately begin the remediation treatability study at the site.« less

Ultrasonic Characterization of Fatigue Cracks in Composite Materials

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Workman, Gary L.; Watson, Jason; Johnson, Devin; Walker, James; Russell, Sam; Thom, Robert (Technical Monitor)

2002-01-01

Microcracking in composite structures due to combined fatigue and cryogenic loading can cause leakage and failure of the structure and can be difficult to detect in-service. In aerospace systems, these leaks may lead to loss of pressure/propellant, increased risk of explosion and possible cryo-pumping. The success of nondestructive evaluation to detect intra-ply microcracking in unlined pressure vessels fabricated from composite materials is critical to the use of composite structures in future space systems. The work presented herein characterizes measurements of intraply fatigue cracking through the thickness of laminated composite material by means of correlation with ultrasonic resonance. Resonant ultrasound spectroscopy provides measurements which are sensitive to both the microscopic and macroscopic properties of the test article. Elastic moduli, acoustic attenuation, and geometry can all be probed. The approach is based on the premise of half-wavelength resonance. The method injects a broadband ultrasonic wave into the test structure using a swept frequency technique. This method provides dramatically increased energy input into the test article, as compared to conventional pulsed ultrasonics. This relative energy increase improves the ability to measure finer details in the materials characterization, such as microcracking and porosity. As the microcrack density increases, more interactions occur with the higher frequency (small wavelength) components of the signal train causing the spectrum to shift toward lower frequencies. Several methods are under investigation to correlate the degree of microcracking from resonance ultrasound measurements on composite test articles including self organizing neural networks, chemometric techniques used in optical spectroscopy and other clustering algorithms.

The role of waste thermal water in the soil degradation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Balog, Kitti; Farsang, Andrea

2010-05-01

Thermal water exploitation is widespread, because it is considered to a "green" renewable energy source, the transporter of the Earth crust's heat. It is suitable for very diverse purposes: balneology, heating, mineral water, municipal hot water supply, technological water, etc. After usage, large amount of thermal water becomes sewage water with high concentrations of salts, heavy metals, ammonia, nitrate, and high temperature. Besides that, most of these waters have an unfavourable ion composition. Na+ (and in some cases Mg+) is predominant among cations. A common way of treatment is to let off the waste thermal water in unlined ground channels to leak into the soil. This can cause physical and chemical soil degradation. Continouos Na+ supply occurs, that occupies the place of Ca2+ on the ion exchange surfaces. Thus, adverse effects of Na+ can appear, like formation of extreme moisture regime, peptization, liquefaction. Beside Na+, Mg2+ also helps the formation of physical degradation in the soil. High water retain and unfavourable structure evolves. Not only the physical features of the soil are touched, fertility of production sites as well. Namely sorrounding the unlined ground channels, agricultural areas are seated, so it is important to protect productivity of the soil to maintain yield. Because of the seepage of high salt concentration waters, salt accumulation can be observed near to the channel lines. The investigated sample sites are located in the Great Hungarian Plane. We determined the main pollutants of the thermal waters, and the effects to the sorrounding soils. On two selected investigation areas (Cserkeszőlő, Tiszakécske) salt profiles and Na+ adsorption isotherms are presented to characterize soil degradation. Genetic soil types are differ on the investigated areas, so the aspect of impact is different, as well.

The visual and radiological inspection of a pipeline using a teleoperated pipe crawler

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Fogle, R.F.; Kuelske, K.; Kellner, R.A.

1996-07-01

In the 1950s the Savannah River Site built an open, unlined retention basin for temporary storage of potentially radionuclide-contaminated cooling water form a chemical separations process and storm water drainage from a nearby waste management facility which stored large quantities of nuclear fission by-products in carbon steel tanks. An underground process pipeline lead to the basin. Once the closure of the basin in 1972, further assessment has been required. A visual and radiological inspection of the pipeline was necessary to aid in the decision about further remediation. This article describes the inspection using a teleoperated pipe crawler. 5 figs.

Movement and fate of creosote waste in ground water, Pensacola, Florida; U.S. Geological Survey toxic waste--ground-water contamination program

USGS Publications Warehouse

Mattraw, H. C.; Franks, B.J.

1984-01-01

In 1983, the U.S. Geological Survey, Office of Hazardous Waste Hydrology, selected the former American Creosote Works site near Pensacola, Florida as a national research demonstration area. Seventy-nine years (1902-81) of seepage from unlined discharge impoundments had released creosote, diesel fuel, and pentachlorophenol (since 1950) wastes into the ground-water system. A cluster of from 2 to 5 wells constructed at different depths at 9 sites yielded water which revealed contamination 600 feet downgradient and to a depth of 100 feet below land surface near the site. The best cross-sectional representation of the contaminant plume was obtained from samples collected and analyzed for oxidation-reduction sensitive inorganic chemical constituents. Energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence detected recently formed iron carbonate in soil samples from highly reducing ground-water zones. Approximately eighty specific organic contaminants were isolated from ground-water samples by gas-chromotography/mass spectrometry. Column studies indicate the dimethyl phenols are not sorbed or degraded by the sand-and-gravel aquifer materials. Five of nineteen individual phenolic and related compounds are biodegradable based on anaerobic digestor experiments with ACW site bacterial populations. The potential impacts in the nearby Pensacola Bay biotic community are being evaluated. (USGS)

Symmetry control strategies in low gas-fill hohlraum

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Goyon, Clement; Le Pape, S.; Berzak Hopkins, L. F.; Divol, L.; Meezan, N. B.; Dewald, E.; Ho, D. D.; Weber, C.; Khan, S. F.; Ma, T.; Milovich, J. L.; Moore, A. S.; Benedetti, R.; Pak, A. E.; Ross, J. S.; Nagel, S. R.; Grim, G. P.; Volegov, P.; Biener, J.; Nikroo, A.; Callahan, D. A.; Hurricane, O. A.; Hsing, W. W.; Town, R. P.; Edwards, M. J.

2017-10-01

The primary neutron yield record, to-date, for an ICF implosion on the NIF (1.47*1016) has been achieved using a doped HDC capsule (D =1.82 mm) in an unlined DU hohlraum (D =6.20 mm, L = 11.3 mm) filled with a low He gas-fill (0.3 mg/cc). This platform uses a new ``drooping'' pulse designed to keep high remaining mass and short coasting time. Prior to the high convergence (27x) cryogenic DT implosion, our ability to tune hot spot symmetry using this new pulse was tested at lower convergence (15x) using DD gas-filled capsules. Hot spot symmetry was tuned using beam pointing, gas-fill density, and power balance between outer and inner beams. The main metrics to assess the efficiency of each change are the implosion shape (time resolved X-ray emission of the hot spot) and DD neutron yield. In addition, we will describe the irradiation pattern obtained in each case using X-ray (soft and hard) diagnostics and the laser coupling to the hohlraum. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344.

Detecting groundwater contamination of a river in Georgia, USA using baseflow sampling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Reichard, James S.; Brown, Chandra M.

2009-05-01

Algal blooms and fish kills were reported on a river in coastal Georgia (USA) downstream of a poultry-processing plant, prompting officials to conclude the problems resulted from overland flow associated with over-application of wastewater at the plant’s land application system (LAS). An investigation was undertaken to test the hypothesis that contaminated groundwater was also playing a significant role. Weekly samples were collected over a 12-month period along an 18 km reach of the river and key tributaries. Results showed elevated nitrogen concentrations in tributaries draining the plant and a tenfold increase in nitrate in the river between the tributary inputs. Because ammonia concentrations were low in this reach, it was concluded that nitrate was entering via groundwater discharge. Data from detailed river sampling and direct groundwater samples from springs and boreholes were used to isolate the entry point of the contaminant plume. Analysis showed two separate plumes, one associated with the plant’s unlined wastewater lagoon and another with its LAS spray fields. The continuous discharge of contaminated groundwater during summer low-flow conditions was found to have a more profound impact on river-water quality than periodic inputs by overland flow and tributary runoff.

A review of wave celerity in frictionless and axisymmetrical steel-lined pressure tunnels

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hachem, F. E.; Schleiss, A. J.

2011-02-01

Generally applicable approaches for estimating the “quasi-static”, which means without fluid-structure interaction and frequency-dependent water-hammer wave speed in steel-lined pressure tunnels are analyzed. The external constraints and assumptions of these approaches are discussed in detail. The reformulated formulas are then compared to commonly used expressions. Some special cases of wave speed calculation such as unlined pressure tunnels and open-air penstocks are investigated. The quasi-static wave speed is significantly influenced by the state of the backfill concrete and the near-field rock zone (cracked or uncracked). In the case when these two layers are cracked, the quasi-static wave speed is overestimated in between 1% and 8% compared to uncracked concrete and near-field rock layers. Depending on the stiffness of steel liner and penstock, the fluid-structure interaction leads to significant difference in wave speeds values. Compared to the quasi-static case, the fluid-structure interaction approach, applied to steel-lined tunnels, results up to 13% higher wave speed values in the high-frequency range (higher than 600 Hz) and up to 150% lower values for frequencies between 150 and 300 Hz in the considered test case.

Landfill leachate as a mirror of today's disposable society: Pharmaceuticals and other contaminants of emerging concern in final leachate from landfills in the conterminous United States

USGS Publications Warehouse

Masoner, Jason R.; Kolpin, Dana W.; Furlong, Edward T.; Cozzarelli, Isabelle M.; Gray, James L.

2015-01-01

Final leachates (leachate after storage or treatment processes) from 22 landfills in 12 states were analyzed for 190 pharmaceuticals and other contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), which were detected in every sample, with the number of CECs ranging from 1 to 58 (median = 22). In total, 101 different CECs were detected in leachate samples, including 43 prescription pharmaceuticals, 22 industrial chemicals, 15 household chemicals, 12 nonprescription pharmaceuticals, 5 steroid hormones, and 4 animal/plant sterols. The most frequently detected CECs were lidocaine (91%, local anesthetic), cotinine (86%, nicotine degradate), carisoprodol (82%, muscle relaxant), bisphenol A (77%, component of plastics and thermal paper), carbamazepine (77%, anticonvulsant), and N,N-diethyltoluamide (68%, insect repellent). Concentrations of CECs spanned 7 orders of magnitude, ranging from 2.0 ng/L (estrone) to 17 200 000 ng/L (bisphenol A). Concentrations of household and industrial chemicals were the greatest (∼1000-1 000 000 ng/L), followed by plant/animal sterols (∼1000-100 000 ng/L), nonprescription pharmaceuticals (∼100-10 000 ng/L), prescription pharmaceuticals (∼10-10 000 ng/L), and steroid hormones (∼10-100 ng/L). The CEC concentrations in leachate from active landfills were significantly greater than those in leachate from closed, unlined landfills (p = 0.05). The CEC concentrations were significantly greater (p < 0.01) in untreated leachate compared with treated leachate. The CEC concentrations were significantly greater in leachate disposed to wastewater treatment plants from modern lined landfills than in leachate released to groundwater from closed, unlined landfills (p = 0.04). The CEC concentrations were significantly greater (p = 0.06) in the fresh leachate (leachate before storage or treatment) reported in a previous study compared with the final leachate sampled for the present study.

Landfill leachate as a mirror of today's disposable society: Pharmaceuticals and other contaminants of emerging concern in final leachate from landfills in the conterminous United States.

PubMed

Masoner, Jason R; Kolpin, Dana W; Furlong, Edward T; Cozzarelli, Isabelle M; Gray, James L

2016-04-01

Final leachates (leachate after storage or treatment processes) from 22 landfills in 12 states were analyzed for 190 pharmaceuticals and other contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), which were detected in every sample, with the number of CECs ranging from 1 to 58 (median = 22). In total, 101 different CECs were detected in leachate samples, including 43 prescription pharmaceuticals, 22 industrial chemicals, 15 household chemicals, 12 nonprescription pharmaceuticals, 5 steroid hormones, and 4 animal/plant sterols. The most frequently detected CECs were lidocaine (91%, local anesthetic), cotinine (86%, nicotine degradate), carisoprodol (82%, muscle relaxant), bisphenol A (77%, component of plastics and thermal paper), carbamazepine (77%, anticonvulsant), and N,N-diethyltoluamide (68%, insect repellent). Concentrations of CECs spanned 7 orders of magnitude, ranging from 2.0 ng/L (estrone) to 17,200,000 ng/L (bisphenol A). Concentrations of household and industrial chemicals were the greatest (∼1000-1,000,000 ng/L), followed by plant/animal sterols (∼1000-100,000 ng/L), nonprescription pharmaceuticals (∼100-10,000 ng/L), prescription pharmaceuticals (∼10-10,000 ng/L), and steroid hormones (∼10-100 ng/L). The CEC concentrations in leachate from active landfills were significantly greater than those in leachate from closed, unlined landfills (p = 0.05). The CEC concentrations were significantly greater (p < 0.01) in untreated leachate compared with treated leachate. The CEC concentrations were significantly greater in leachate disposed to wastewater treatment plants from modern lined landfills than in leachate released to groundwater from closed, unlined landfills (p = 0.04). The CEC concentrations were significantly greater (p = 0.06) in the fresh leachate (leachate before storage or treatment) reported in a previous study compared with the final leachate sampled for the present study. Published 2015 SETAC. This article is a US Government work and as such, is in the public domain in the United States.

U.S. Geological Survey program on toxic waste--ground-water contamination; proceedings of the Third technical meeting, Pensacola, Florida, March 23-27, 1987

USGS Publications Warehouse

Franks, Bernard J.

1987-01-01

Because of the widespread distribution of creosote in the environment, an abandoned wood-treatment plant in Pensacola, Fla., was selected by the U.S. Geological Survey Office of Hazardous Waste Hydrology as one of three national research demonstration areas in order to increase our understanding of hydrologic processes affecting the distributions of contaminants in ground water. The site was selected because of its long, uninterrupted history (1902 81) of discharging wastewaters to unlined surface impoundments, availability of a preliminary data base (Troutman and others, 1984), and the high probability of useful technology transfer from an investigation of the fate of organic compounds associated with wood-preserving wastewaters in the subsurface environment.

Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 4): Independent Nail, Beaufort, Beaufort County, South Carolina (second remedial action), August 1988. Final report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1988-03-08

The Independent Nail site, occupying 24.6 acres, is located near the town of Beaufort, South Carolina. The Black and Johnson Company, previous owners of the site, manufactured metallic screws and fasteners. As part of the manufacturing process, the company discharged approximately 33,000 gallons per day of plating wastewater into an unlined infiltration lagoon. The discharge rate may have been as high as 75,000 gallons per day. The lagoon was in use from approximately 1969 to 1980. The South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control reported that waste water contained some organic cleaning solvents and metals. The primary contaminants ofmore » concern include chromium, zinc and cyanide.« less

Recycling in Puerto Rico

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

McAdams, C.L.

1996-05-01

The commonwealth of Puerto Rico has never had a traditional, centrally organized solid waste management system. In the past, municipalities provided service for their own residents and the island used 62 unlined landfills. In April 1994, 32 of those landfills closed. A study released in 1995 found that residents of Puerto Rico generate 8,100 tons of waste each day, at a per capita rate of 4.9 pounds per day. A solid waste management strategy unveiled with much fanfare early last year included plans to build an integrated system of collection, transfer stations, and disposal sites. These sites would be market-drivenmore » by recycling and hinged on partnerships between the public and private sectors and public education. A key to Puerto Rico`s plan was investment by the private sector.« less

Installation-Restoration Program environmental-technology development. Task order 3. Use of activated carbon for treatment of explosives-contaminated ground water at the Badger Army Ammunition Plant (BAAP). Final report Jun 88-Aug 89

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wujcik, W.J.; Lowe, W.L.; Marks, P.J.

1989-08-01

The United States Army operates explosives manufacturing plants to produce various forms of explosives used in military ordnance. Manufacturing activities at such plants result in the production of organic wastewaters that contain both explosive residues and other organic chemicals. Several treatment technologies have been developed to treat these wastewaters for final discharge. Past waste handling practices at explosives manufacturing plants commonly included the use of the unlined lagoons or pits for containing process wastewaters. As a result of these past practices, some explosives residues may leach through the soil and contaminated groundwater. Therefore, the treatment of contaminated groundwater may bemore » required.« less

Rio Grande valley Colorado new Mexico and Texas

USGS Publications Warehouse

Ellis, Sherman R.; Levings, Gary W.; Carter, Lisa F.; Richey, Steven F.; Radell, Mary Jo

1993-01-01

Two structural settings are found in the study unit: alluvial basins and bedrock basins. The alluvial basins can have through-flowing surface water or be closed basins. The discussion of streamflow and water quality for the surface-water system is based on four river reaches for the 750 miles of the main stem. the quality of the ground water is affected by both natural process and human activities and by nonpoint and point sources. Nonpoint sources for surface water include agriculture, hydromodification, and mining operations; point sources are mainly discharge from wastewater treatment plants. Nonpoint sources for ground water include agriculture and septic tanks and cesspools; point sources include leaking underground storage tanks, unlined or manure-lined holding ponds used for disposal of dairy wastes, landfills, and mining operations.

Funalichnus bhubani isp. nov. from Bhuban Formation, Surma Group (Lower -Middle Miocene) of Aizawl, Mizoram, India

PubMed Central

Tiwari, Raghavendra Prasad; Rajkonwar, Chinmoy; Patel, Satish Jaychandbhai

2013-01-01

A new ichnospecies of the ichnogenus Funalichnus Pokorný is described from the Middle Bhuban Unit, Bhuban Formation, Surma Group (Lower - Middle Miocene) of Aizawl, Mizoram, India. Funalichnus bhubani isp. Nov. Is a large burrow displaying cylindrical segments that are oriented nearly perpendicular to the bedding plane. The new ichnospecies can be identified on the basis of general form, size, unlined passive filling and twisted rod-like structure. The association of Funalichnus bhubani isp. Nov. With Arenicolites, Diplocraterion, Ophiomorpha Psilonichnus Skolithos and Thalassinoides points to its bathymetric restriction. The deep extension of the burrow in clastic sediments provides a favourable condition for preservation in the shoreface environment and occurrence in fine- to medium-grained clastic sediments may be a preservational preference. PMID:24204992

Suppression of nonlinear oscillations in combustors with partial length acoustic liners

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Espander, W. R.; Mitchell, C. E.; Baer, M. R.

1975-01-01

An analytical model is formulated for a three-dimensional nonlinear stability problem in a rocket motor combustion chamber. The chamber is modeled as a right circular cylinder with a short (multi-orifice) nozzle, and an acoustic linear covering an arbitrary portion of the cylindrical periphery. The combustion is concentrated at the injector and the gas flow field is characterized by a mean Mach number. The unsteady combustion processes are formulated using the Crocco time lag model. The resulting equations are solved using a Green's function method combined with numerical evaluation techniques. The influence of acoustic liners on the nonlinear waveforms is predicted. Nonlinear stability limits and regions where triggering is possible are also predicted for both lined and unlined combustors in terms of the combustion parameters.

Interim-status groundwater monitoring plan for the 216-B-63 trench. Revision 1

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sweeney, M.D.

1995-06-13

This document outlines the groundwater monitoring plan for interim-status detection-level monitoring of the 216-B-63 Trench. This is a revision of the initial groundwater monitoring plan prepared for Westinghouse Hanford Company (WHC) by Bjornstad and Dudziak (1989). The 216-B-63 Trench, located at the Hanford Site in south-central Washington State, is an open, unlined, earthern trench approximately 1.2 m (4 ft) wide at the bottom, 427 m (1400 ft) long, and 3 m (10 ft) deep that received wastewater containing hazardous waste and radioactive materials from B Plant, located in the 200 East Area. Liquid effluent discharge to the 216-B-63 Trench beganmore » in March 1970 and ceased in February 1992. The trench is now managed by Waste Tank Operations.« less

Migration of wood-preserving chemicals in contaminated groundwater in a sand aquifer at Pensacola, Florida

USGS Publications Warehouse

Goerlitz, D.F.; Troutman, D.E.; Godsy, E.M.; Franks, B.J.

1985-01-01

Operation of a wood-preserving facility for nearly 80 years at Pensacola, FL, contaminated the near-surface groundwater with creosote and pentachlorophenol. The major source of aquifer contamination was unlined surface impoundments that were in direct hydraulic contact with the groundwater. Episodes of overtopping the impoundments and overland flow of treatment liquor and waste were also significant to the migration and contamination of the groundwater. Solutes contaminating the ground-water are mainly naphthalene and substituted phenols. Sorption did not influence retardation of solutes in transport in the groundwater. Phenol and the mono substituted methylphenols appear to be undergoing bio-transformation. Pentachlorophenol (PCP) was not found in significant concentrations in the groundwater possibly because the solubility of PCP is approximately 5 mg/L at pH 6, near the average acidity for the groundwater.

Movement of unlined landfill under preloading surcharge.

PubMed

Al-Yaqout, Anwar F; Hamoda, Mohamed F

2007-01-01

As organic solid waste is decomposed in a landfill and mass is lost due to gas and leachate formation, the landfill settles. Settlement of a landfill interferes with the rehabilitation and subsequent use of the landfill site after closure. This study examined the soil/solid waste movement at the Al-Qurain landfill in Kuwait after 15 years of closure as plans are underway for redevelopment of the landfill site that occupies about a km(2) with an average depth of 8-15m. Field experiments were conducted for 6 mo to measure soil/solid waste movement and water behavior within the landfill using two settlement plates with a level survey access, Casagrande-type piezometers, pneumatic piezometers, and magnetic probe extensometers. Previous results obtained indicated that biological decomposition of refuse continued after closure of the landfill site. The subsurface water rise enhanced the biological activities, which resulted in the production of increasing quantities of landfill gas. The refuse fill materials recorded a high movement rate under the imposed preloading as a result of an increase in the stress state. Up to 55% of the total movement was observed during the first 2 weeks of fill placement and increased to 80% within the first month of the 6-mo preloading test. Pneumatic piezometers showed an increase in water head, which is attributed to the developed pressure of gases escaping during the preloading period.

Subsurface imaging of an abandoned solid waste landfill site in Norman, Oklahoma

USGS Publications Warehouse

Zume, J.T.; Tarhule, A.; Christenson, S.

2006-01-01

Leachate plume emanating from an old unlined municipal landfill site near the city of Norman, Oklahoma, is discharging into the underlying alluvial aquifer. Subsurface imaging techniques, electrical resistivity tomography and electrical conductivity (EC) logging, were used on the site to detect and map the position of the leachate plume. Anomalous EC zones, delineated with the two methods, correlated with the occurrence of the plume detected by water chemistry analyses from multilevel monitoring wells. Specific conductance, a potential indicator of leachate contamination, ranged from 1861 to 7710 ??S/cm in contaminated zones and from 465 to 2180 ??S/cm in uncontaminated ground water. Results are in agreement with those from earlier studies that the leachate plume emerges from the landfill along preferential pathways. Additionally, there are indications that the leading edge of the plume has migrated, at least, 200 m away from the landfill in the direction of ground water flow. ?? 2006 National Ground Water Association.

Building a new waste management strategy in Puerto Rico

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Boltz, C.

1995-06-01

Puerto Rico traditionally has not had a centrally organized waste management system. Most municipalities have provided service for their own residents, and the island used 62 unlined landfills before 32 of those closed in April 1994. But waste management on this Caribbean island is changing as the government-a self-governing commonwealth associated voluntarily with the US government-begins implementing its strategy for developing efficient, state-of-the-art waste management. This strategy includes plans to build an integrated system of collection, transfer stations, and disposal sites whose centerpieces are market-drives recycling, partnerships between the public and private sectors, and public education. The details of thismore » plan coincide with the mission statement of the Puerto Rico Solid Waste Management Authority (SWMA, San Juan), to ``develop and implement the necessary infrastructure for the efficient management of solid waste in Puerto Rico.« less

Hydrologic and geochemical data collected near Skewed Reservoir, an impoundment for coal-bed natural gas produced water, Powder River Basin, Wyoming

USGS Publications Warehouse

Healy, Richard W.; Rice, Cynthia A.; Bartos, Timothy T.

2012-01-01

The Powder River Structural Basin is one of the largest producers of coal-bed natural gas (CBNG) in the United States. An important environmental concern in the Basin is the fate of groundwater that is extracted during CBNG production. Most of this produced water is disposed of in unlined surface impoundments. A 6-year study of groundwater flow and subsurface water and soil chemistry was conducted at one such impoundment, Skewed Reservoir. Hydrologic and geochemical data collected as part of that study are contained herein. Data include chemistry of groundwater obtained from a network of 21 monitoring wells and three suction lysimeters and chemical and physical properties of soil cores including chemistry of water/soil extracts, particle-size analyses, mineralogy, cation-exchange capacity, soil-water content, and total carbon and nitrogen content of soils.

Integrated geophysical characterisation of Sunyani municipal solid waste disposal site using magnetic gradiometry, magnetic susceptibility survey and electrical resistivity tomography

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Appiah, Isaac; Wemegah, David Dotse; Asare, Van-Dycke Sarpong; Danuor, Sylvester K.; Forson, Eric Dominic

2018-06-01

Non-invasive geophysical investigation using magnetic gradiometry, magnetic susceptibility survey and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) was carried out on the Sunyani Municipal Assembly (SMA) solid waste disposal (SWD) site. The study was aimed at delineating the physical boundaries and the area extent of the waste deposit, mapping the distribution of the waste at the site, detecting and delineating zones of leachate contamination and its preferential migration pathways beneath the waste deposit and its surroundings. The results of both magnetic susceptibility and gradiometric methods displayed in anomaly maps clearly delineated the physical boundaries of the waste deposit with an approximate area extent of 82,650 m2 that are characterised by high magnetic susceptibilities between 426 × 10-5 SI and 9890 × 10-5 SI. They also revealed high magnetic anomalies erratically distributed within the waste deposit attributable to its heterogeneous and uncontrolled nature. The high magnetic anomalies outside the designated waste boundaries were also attributed to indiscriminate deposition of the waste. Similarly, the ERT sections delineated and characterised zones of leachate contamination beneath the waste body and its close surroundings as well as pathways for leachate migration with low resistivity signatures up to 43.9 Ωm. In spite of the successes reported herein using the ERT, this research also revealed that the ERT is less effective in estimating the thickness of the waste deposit in unlined SWD sites due to leachate infiltration into the ground beneath it that masks the resistivities of the top level ground and makes it indistinguishable from the waste body.

Microbial Groundwater Quality Status of Hand-Dug Wells and Boreholes in the Dodowa Area of Ghana

PubMed Central

Lutterodt, George; Hoiting, Yvonne; Kamara, Alimamy K.; Oduro-Kwarteng, Sampson; Foppen, Jan Willem A.

2018-01-01

To assess the suitability of water sources for drinking purposes, samples were taken from groundwater sources (boreholes and hand-dug wells) used for drinking water in the Dodowa area of Ghana. The samples were analyzed for the presence of fecal indicator bacteria (Escherichia coli) and viruses (Adenovirus and Rotavirus), using membrane filtration with plating and glass wool filtration with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), respectively. In addition, sanitary inspection of surroundings of the sources was conducted to identify their vulnerability to pollution. The presence of viruses was also assessed in water samples from the Dodowa River. More than 70% of the hand-dug wells were sited within 10 m of nearby sources of contamination. All sources contained E. coli bacteria, and their numbers in samples of water between dug wells and boreholes showed no significant difference (p = 0.48). Quantitative PCR results for Adenovirus indicated 27% and 55% were positive for the boreholes and hand-dug wells, respectively. Samples from all boreholes tested negative for the presence of Rotavirus while 27% of the dug wells were positive for Rotavirus. PCR tests of 20% of groundwater samples were inhibited. Based on these results we concluded that there is systemic microbial and fecal contamination of groundwater in the area. On-site sanitation facilities, e.g., pit latrines and unlined wastewater drains, are likely the most common sources of fecal contamination of groundwater in the area. Water abstracted from groundwater sources needs to be treated before use for consumption purposes. In addition, efforts should be made to delineate protected areas around groundwater abstraction points to minimize contamination from point sources of pollution. PMID:29649111

Pit Latrine Fecal Sludge Resistance Using a Dynamic Cone Penetrometer in Low Income Areas in Mzuzu City, Malawi

PubMed Central

Chirwa, Charles F. C.; Hall, Ralph P.; Krometis, Leigh-Anne H.; Vance, Eric A.; Edwards, Adam; Guan, Ting; Holm, Rochelle H.

2017-01-01

Pit latrines can provide improved household sanitation, but without effective and inexpensive emptying options, they are often abandoned once full and may pose a public health threat. Emptying techniques can be difficult, as the sludge contents of each pit latrine are different. The design of effective emptying techniques (e.g., pumps) is limited by a lack of data characterizing typical in situ latrine sludge resistance. This investigation aimed to better understand the community education and technical engineering needs necessary to improve pit latrine management. In low income areas within Mzuzu city, Malawi, 300 pit latrines from three distinct areas were assessed using a dynamic cone penetrometer to quantify fecal sludge strength, and household members were surveyed to determine their knowledge of desludging procedures and practices likely to impact fecal sludge characteristics. The results demonstrate that there is a significant difference in sludge strength between lined and unlined pits within a defined area, though sludge hardened with depth, regardless of the pit type or region. There was only limited association between cone penetration depth and household survey data. To promote the adoption of pit emptying, it is recommended that households be provided with information that supports pit emptying, such as latrine construction designs, local pit emptying options, and cost. This study indicates that the use of a penetrometer test in the field prior to pit latrine emptying may facilitate the selection of appropriate pit emptying technology. PMID:28165378

Calcium carbonate-based permeable reactive barriers for iron and manganese groundwater remediation at landfills.

PubMed

Wang, Yu; Pleasant, Saraya; Jain, Pradeep; Powell, Jon; Townsend, Timothy

2016-07-01

High concentrations of iron (Fe(II)) and manganese (Mn(II)) reductively dissolved from soil minerals have been detected in groundwater monitoring wells near many municipal solid waste landfills. Two in situ permeable reactive barriers (PRBs), comprised of limestone and crushed concrete, were installed downgradient of a closed, unlined landfill in Florida, USA, to remediate groundwater containing high concentrations of these metals. Influent groundwater to the PRBs contained mean Fe and Mn concentrations of approximately 30mg/L and 1.62mg/L, respectively. PRBs were constructed in the shallow aquifer (maximum depth 4.6m below land surface) and groundwater was sampled from a network of nearby monitoring wells to evaluate barrier performance in removing these metals. PRBs significantly (p<0.05) removed dissolved Fe and Mn from influent groundwater; Fe was removed from influent water at average rates of 91% and 95% (by mass) for the limestone and crushed concrete PRBs, respectively, during the first year of the study. The performance of the PRBs declined after 3years of operation, with Fe removal efficiency decreasing to 64% and 61% for limestone and concrete PRBs, respectively. A comparison of water quality in shallow and deep monitoring wells showed a more dramatic performance reduction in the deeper section of the concrete PRB, which was attributed to an influx of sediment into the barrier and settling of particulates from the upper portions of the PRBs. Although removal of Fe and Mn from redox impacts was achieved with the PRBs, the short time frame of effectiveness relative to the duration of a full-scale remediation effort may limit the applicability of these systems at some landfills because of the construction costs required. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Geologic and anthropogenic factors influencing karst development in the Frederick region of Maryland

USGS Publications Warehouse

Brezinski, D.K.

2007-01-01

Karst features pervade the outcrop belts of Triassic, Ordovician, and Cambrian rocks in the Frederick Valley region of Maryland's western Piedmont. Detailed stratigraphic analysis and geologic and karst mapping demonstrate that individual stratigraphic units have differing susceptibilities of karst feature creation. Although the Triassic Leesburg Member of the Bull Run Formation and Rocky Springs Station Member of the Cambrian Frederick Formation have many surface depressions within their outcrop belts, the Lime Kiln Member of the Frederick Formation and the Ceresville, Fountain Rock, and Woodsboro members of the Ordovician Grove Formation have the greatest potential for development of catastrophic collapse sinkholes. Although these four members have the highest relative susceptibility, human activity can increase the potential for sinkhole activation in all units. Rerouting of surface drainage patterns, unlined drainage, and storm-water management areas and removal of significant overburden deposits significantly increase sinkhole development, but mainly, these units are inherently more susceptible to begin with. Copyright ?? 2007. The American Association of Petroleum Geologists/Division of Environmental Geosciences. All rights reserved.

Chemical Waste Landfill Annual Post-Closure Care Report Calendar Year 2014

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mitchell, Michael Marquand; Little, Bonnie Colleen

The CWL is a 1.9-acre remediated interim status landfill located in the southeastern corner of SNL/NM Technical Area III (Figures 2-1 and 2-2) undergoing post-closure care in accordance with the PCCP (NMED October 2009 and subsequent revisions). From 1962 until 1981, the CWL was used for the disposal of chemical and solid waste generated by SNL/NM research activities. Additionally, a small amount of radioactive waste was disposed of during the operational years. Disposal of liquid waste in unlined pits and trenches ended in 1981, and after 1982 all liquid waste disposal was terminated. From 1982 through 1985, only solid wastemore » was disposed of at the CWL, and after 1985 all waste disposal ended. The CWL was also used as a hazardous waste drum-storage facility from 1981 to 1989. A summary of the CWL disposal history is presented in the Closure Plan (SNL/NM December 1992) along with a waste inventory based upon available disposal records and information.« less

Iron and copper release in drinking-water distribution systems.

PubMed

Shi, Baoyou; Taylor, James S

2007-09-01

A large-scale pilot study was carried out to evaluate the impacts of changes in water source and treatment process on iron and copper release in water distribution systems. Finished surface waters, groundwaters, and desalinated waters were produced with seven different treatment systems and supplied to 18 pipe distribution systems (PDSs). The major water treatment processes included lime softening, ferric sulfate coagulation, reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, and integrated membrane systems. PDSs were constructed from PVC, lined cast iron, unlined cast iron, and galvanized pipes. Copper pipe loops were set up for corrosion monitoring. Results showed that surface water after ferric sulfate coagulation had low alkalinity and high sulfates, and consequently caused the highest iron release. Finished groundwater treated by conventional method produced the lowest iron release but the highest copper release. The iron release of desalinated water was relatively high because of the water's high chloride level and low alkalinity. Both iron and copper release behaviors were influenced by temperature.

Sampling Considerations for Designing Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Oviposition Studies in Iquitos, Peru: Substrate Preference, Diurnal Periodicity, and Gonotrophic Cycle Length

PubMed Central

WONG, JACKLYN; ASTETE, HELVIO; MORRISON, AMY C.; SCOTT, THOMAS W.

2011-01-01

When devising methods to sample Aedes aegypti (L.) eggs from naturally-occurring containers to investigate selective oviposition, failure to take into account certain aspects of Ae. aegypti behavior can bias study inferences. In Iquitos, Peru, we tested three assumptions related to designing Ae. aegypti oviposition field studies, as follows: 1) lining containers with paper as an oviposition substrate does not affect oviposition; 2) diurnal egg-laying activity peaks in the late afternoon or early evening, and there is little oviposition during midday; and 3) the gonotrophic cycle length of wild females averages from 3 to 4 d. When wild females were presented with containers lined and unlined with paper toweling, the presence of paper increased oviposition in plastic and metal containers, but had no effect in cement containers. Recording the number of eggs laid by Ae. aegypti every 2 h throughout the day delineated a bimodal diurnal oviposition pattern, with a small morning peak, decreased activity during midday, and a predominant peak in the late afternoon and evening from 16:00 to 20:00 h. Daily monitoring of captive individual F0 females revealed that the gonotrophic cycle length was typically 3– 4 d for the Iquitos population. These findings will be used to adjust field study design to 1) account for sampling eggs using paper toweling, and 2) determine the time of day and number of days over which to sample Ae. aegypti eggs. We explored how failure to consider these behaviors could potentially bias field assessments of oviposition preferences. PMID:21337947

POP-contaminated sites from HCH production in Sabiñánigo, Spain.

PubMed

Fernández, J; Arjol, M A; Cacho, C

2013-04-01

In 2009, hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers (α-HCH, β-HCH, and γ-HCH [lindane]) were listed as persistent organic pollutants (POP) in the Stockholm Convention. Accordingly, the legacy of HCH/lindane production with the associated large HCH waste deposits has become recognized as an issue of global concern and is addressed in the implementation of the Convention. The current paper gives an overview of the major contaminated sites from lindane production of the INQUINOSA Company. This company operated from 1975 to 1988 in the city of Sabiñánigo, Spain. HCH production resulted in the production of approximately 115,000 tonnes of waste isomers which were mainly dumped in two unlined landfills. These two landfill sites, together with the former production site, are recognized sources of environmental pollution. Assessment and remediation activities at these sites are described. A dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) contaminated inter alia with HCH isomers, benzene, chlorobenzenes, and chlorophenols as the main contaminants and an associated contaminated groundwater plume have been discovered at both landfill/dumpsites and at the former production site. The approximately 4,000 t of DNAPLs constitute a serious risk for the environment due to the proximity of the Gállego River. Since 2004, more than 20 tonnes of this DNAPL has been extracted using "pump and treat" techniques. The Aragon Regional Government and the Spanish Environmental Ministry are taking action, focusing on the treatment of DNAPL and on the transfer of the large quantities of solid POP wastes to a new landfill. A range of laboratory tests has been performed in order to plan the aquifer remediation.

Health assessment for William Dick Lagoons, Honeybrook, Pennsylvania, Region 3. CERCLIS No. PAD980537773. Preliminary report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1988-09-30

The William Dick Lagoon site consists of three unlined lagoons (approximately 2.5 acres total area) which previously contained over four million gallons of rinse water from cleaning chemical tank trailers. In 1970, two of the lagoons breached and released approximately 300,000 gallons of wastewater into the nearby area and a small tributary. Trichloroethylene, toluene, 4,4-DDE, and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons have been reported in the soil on the site. Trichloroethylene was detected in a nearby spring, previously used as a water source by a small number of residents. Potential human exposure pathways include ingestion of contaminated water, dermal exposure to contaminatedmore » water and soil, and inhalation of contaminated dust and organics in the contaminated groundwater. The site is considered to be of potential public health concern because of the risk to human health caused by the possibility of exposure to hazardous substances. However, it does not appear that a human population is currently exposed to site contaminants at levels of health concern.« less

Photosynthesis of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) in response to landfill leachate contamination.

PubMed

Yang, Lie; Sun, Tiantian; Liu, Yanli; Guo, Houqing; Lv, Lixin; Zhang, Jie; Liu, Chang

2017-11-01

Thousands of unlined landfills and open dumpsites have put great threat on the security of soil and ground water due to leachate leakage. Alfalfa is believed potential as a phytoremediation plant for leachate contamination based on strong root system and the excellent capacity of removing various kinds of pollutants. A lab-scale investigation was conducted to figure out the sensitiveness of alfalfa photosynthesis in response to leachate contamination. The results demonstrated that both of the maximum photosynthetic efficiency (F v /F m ) and net photosynthetic rate (P n ) were slightly inhibited in the high-dosage group. Based on statistical analysis, higher sensitivity of P n to leaching parameters than F v /F m was observed. There were significant correlations between most of leaching parameters (pH, ammonium and COD) and P n with correlation coefficients of 0.530, -0.580 and -0.578 (p < 0.01), respectively. Therefore, P n is potential for acting as an effective indicator for staple leaching characteristics of leachate contaminated soils. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Evaluation of landfill leachate in arid climate-a case study.

PubMed

Al-Yaqout, A F; Hamoda, M F

2003-08-01

Generation of leachate from municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill in arid regions has long been neglected on the assumption that minimal leachate could be formed in the absence of precipitation. Therefore, a case study was conducted at two unlined MSW landfills, of different ages, in the state of Kuwait in order to determine the chemical characteristics of leachate and examine the mechanism of leachate formation. Leachate quality data were collected from both active and old (closed) landfills where co-disposal of MSW and other solid and liquid wastes is practiced. The analysis of data confirms that leachates from both landfills are severely contaminated with organics, salts and heavy metals. However, the organic strength of the leachate collected from the old landfill was reduced due to waste decomposition and continuous gas flaring. A significant degree of variability was encountered and factors which may influence leachate quality were identified and discussed. A water balance at the landfill site was assessed and a conceptual model was presented which accounts for leachate generation due to rising water table, capillary water and moisture content of the waste.

RCRA Facility Investigation/Remedial Investigation Report with Baseline Risk Assessment for the Central Shops Burning/Rubble Pit (631-6G), Volume 1 Final

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

1996-04-01

The Burning/Rubble Pits at the Savannah River Site were usually shallow excavations approximately 3 to 4 meters in depth. Operations at the pits consisted of collecting waste on a continuous basis and burning on a monthly basis. The Central Shops Burning/Rubble Pit 631- 6G (BRP6G) was constructed in 1951 as an unlined earthen pit in surficial sediments for disposal of paper, lumber, cans and empty galvanized steel drums. The unit may have received other materials such as plastics, rubber, rags, cardboard, oil, degreasers, or drummed solvents. The BRP6G was operated from 1951 until 1955. After disposal activities ceased, the areamore » was covered with soil. Hazardous substances, if present, may have migrated into the surrounding soil and/or groundwater. Because of this possibility, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has designated the BRP6G as a Solid Waste Management Unit (SWMU) subject to the Resource Conservation Recovery Act/Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (RCRA/CERCLA) process.« less

Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3): Tyson Dump Number 1, Upper Merion Township, Montgomery County, PA. (Third remedial action), September 1990

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1990-09-28

The 4-acre Tyson Dump No. 1 site is an abandoned septic and chemical waste disposal area in Upper Merion Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania. The site consists of a series of abandoned unlined lagoons in a former sandstone quarry, and is bordered by unnamed tributaries to the Schuylkill River on the east and west, and a railroad switching yard to the north. Beyond the railroad yard is a floodplain/wetlands area and the Schuylkill River, which flows southeast toward Philadelphia. The river is the main source of drinking water in the area. From 1960 until 1973, the privately owned site was usedmore » for the disposal of liquid septic tank wastes, sludges, and chemical wastes that were hauled onsite in bulk tank trucks. The third ROD addresses OU3, the further remediation of the contaminated ground water that has migrated under the Schuylkill River. Additional ground water investigations will be conducted on the north side of the river, and based on the results, a fourth operable unit may be identified. The primary contaminants of concern affecting the ground water are VOCs including toluene and xylenes.« less

Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 6): Cimarron Mining Corporation site, Operable Unit 1, Lincoln County, Carrizozo, NM. (First remedial action), September 1990

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1990-09-21

The 10.6-acre Cimarron Mining site, Lincoln County, New Mexico, is an inactive milling facility used to recover iron from ores transported to the site. A shallow aquifer, which is not a potential drinking water source, and a deeper primary drinking water aquifer lie beneath the site. Cyanide was used until 1982 to recover precious metals. The operation of the mill resulted in the discharge of contaminated liquids onsite. The sources of environmental cyanide contamination at the site are the processed waste materials, including tailings piles and cinder block trench sediment piles, the cyanide solution and tailings spillage areas, and themore » cyanide solution recycling and disposal areas, including cinder block trenches and an unlined discharge pit. The major sources of ground water contamination by cyanide are the cinder block trenches and the discharge pit. These areas of prolonged contact between cyanide solution and underlying soil led to cyanide contamination in the shallow aquifer. The ROD addresses contaminated shallow ground water at the Cimarron Mining mill area as Operable Unit 1 (OU1). The primary contaminants of concern affecting the ground water are inorganics including cyanide.« less

Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 4): Independent Nail Company, Beaufort, South Carolina (first remedial action), September 1987. Final report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1987-09-28

The Independent Nail Company site, occupying 24.6 acres, is located near Beaufort, South Carolina. Land use in the vicinity of the site is a combination of fields, woodlands, and wetlands. Endangered and threatened species may occur within the area of influence of the site, although habitation has not been confirmed. The previous owners of the site, the Blake and Johnson Company, manufactured metallic screws and fasteners. In part of the manufacturing process, the company discharged approximately 33,000 gallons per day of plating wastewater into an unlined infiltration lagoon. The lagoon was in use from approximately 1969 to 1980. The Southmore » Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control (SCDHEC) reported that the wastewater contained some organic cleaning solvents, phosphate, cyanide, chromium, cadmium, lead, mercury, nickel, zinc, copper and iron. In April 1980 the Blake and Johnson Company ceased operation. Two months later the Independent Nail Company purchased the plant. They currently operate a paneling nail coating process at the plant, but do not discharge any wastewater to the lagoon. The primary contaminants of concern to the soil and sediment include: cadmium, chromium, nickel and zinc.« less

Health assessment for Louisiana Army Ammunition Plant, Shreveport, Webster County, Louisiana, Region 6. CERCLIS No. LA0213820533. Preliminary report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1989-04-10

The Louisiana Army Ammunition Plant (LAAP) is listed on the National Priorities List. The site is a 15,000-acre Federal facility located in Shreveport (Webster Parish), Louisiana. On-site ground water beneath 16 unlined surface impoundments near the southern boundary is contaminated. Access to LAAP is restricted and under 24-hour security. Contaminants include 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), cyclonite (RDX), trinitrobenzene (TNB), and homocyclonite (HMX). Preliminary on-site sampling results have identified TNT (493,133 ppm in sediment/subsoil, 483,556 ppm in sludge, 1,033 ppm in surface soil, 7 ppm in surface water, and 18 ppm in ground water), RDX (60,224 ppm in sediment/subsoil, 602 ppm in surfacemore » soil, 60,224 ppm in sludge, and 14 ppm in ground water), TNB (2 ppm in surface water and 8 ppm in ground water), and HMX (4 ppm in ground water). Based on available information, the site is considered to be of potential public health concern because of the risk to human health caused by the possibility of human exposure to hazardous substances.« less

Design and Follow-on from 50 kJ Fusion Yield using High-Density Carbon Capsules at the National Ignition Facility

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Berzak Hopkins, L.; Lepape, S.; Divol, L.; Pak, A.; Goyon, C.; Dewald, E.; Ho, D. D.; Khan, S. F.; Weber, C.; Meezan, N. B.; Biener, J.; Grim, G.; Ma, T.; Milovich, J. L.; Moore, A. S.; Nikroo, A.; Ross, J. S.; Stadermann, M.; Volegov, P.; Wild, C.; Callahan, D. A.; Hurricane, O. A.; Hsing, W. W.; Town, R. P. J.; Edwards, M. J.

2017-10-01

We have demonstrated nearly 3x alpha-heating at the National Ignition Facility by using tungsten-doped High-Density Carbon (HDC) capsules in low gasfill, unlined, uranium (DU) hohlraums. Shot N170601 achieved a primary neutron yield of 1.5 x 1016 neutrons with a Deuterium-Tritium ion temperature of 4.7 keV. Predecessor experiments demonstrated high-performing, efficient performance, as noted through high neutron yield production per laser energy input. Building on these `subscale' results, follow-on experiments utilize an 8% larger target than the predecessor campaign, to increase the capsule surface area and absorbed energy. The capsule fill tube has been reduced in size from 10 to 5 micron diameter, and the laser design implements a new, ``drooping'' technique for the end of the pulse, to reduce the time between laser shut-off and capsule peak emission while still maintaining capsule mass remaining. Design of the current platform as well as avenues to potentially improve performance based on these experiments will be discussed. Work performed under the auspices of the U.S. D.O.E. by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344.

Assessment of a low-cost, point-of-use, ultraviolet water disinfection technology.

PubMed

Brownell, Sarah A; Chakrabarti, Alicia R; Kaser, Forest M; Connelly, Lloyd G; Peletz, Rachel L; Reygadas, Fermin; Lang, Micah J; Kammen, Daniel M; Nelson, Kara L

2008-03-01

We describe a point-of-use (POU) ultraviolet (UV) disinfection technology, the UV Tube, which can be made with locally available resources around the world for under $50 US. Laboratory and field studies were conducted to characterize the UV Tube's performance when treating a flowrate of 5 L/min. Based on biological assays with MS2 coliphage, the UV Tube delivered an average fluence of 900+/-80 J/m(2) (95% CI) in water with an absorption coefficient of 0.01 cm(-1). The residence time distribution in the UV Tube was characterized as plug flow with dispersion (Peclet Number = 19.7) and a mean hydraulic residence time of 36 s. Undesirable compounds were leached or produced from UV Tubes constructed with unlined ABS, PVC, or a galvanized steel liner. Lining the PVC pipe with stainless steel, however, prevented production of regulated halogenated organics. A small field study in two rural communities in Baja California Sur demonstrated that the UV Tube reduced E. coli concentrations to less than 1/100 ml in 65 out of 70 samples. Based on these results, we conclude that the UV Tube is a promising technology for treating household drinking water at the point of use.

Infiltration and hydraulic connections from the Niagara River to a fractured-dolomite aquifer in Niagara Falls, New York

USGS Publications Warehouse

Yager, R.M.; Kappel, W.M.

1998-01-01

The spatial distribution of hydrogen and oxygen stable-isotope values in groundwater can be used to distinguish different sources of recharge and to trace groundwater flow directions from recharge boundaries. This method can be particularly useful in fractured-rock settings where multiple lines of evidence are required to delineate preferential flow paths that result from heterogeneity within fracture zones. Flow paths delineated with stable isotopes can be combined with hydraulic data to form a more complete picture of the groundwater flow system. In this study values of ??D and ??18O were used to delineate paths of river-water infiltration into the Lockport Group, a fractured dolomite aquifer, and to compute the percentage of fiver water in groundwater samples from shallow bedrock wells. Flow paths were correlated with areas of high hydraulic diffusivity in the shallow bedrock that were delineated from water-level fluctuations induced by diurnal stage fluctuations in man-made hydraulic structures. Flow paths delineated with the stable-isotope and hydraulic data suggest that fiver infiltration reaches an unlined storm sewer in the bedrock through a drainage system that surrounds aqueducts carrying river water to hydroelectric power plants. This finding is significant because the storm sewer is the discharge point for contaminated groundwater from several chemical waste-disposal sites and the cost of treating the storm sewer's discharge could be reduced if the volume of infiltration from the river were decreased.The spatial distribution of hydrogen and oxygen stable-isotope values in groundwater can be used to distinguish different sources of recharge and to trace groundwater flow directions from recharge boundaries. This method can be particularly useful in fractured-rock settings where multiple lines of evidence are required to delineate preferential flow paths that result from heterogeneity within fracture zones. Flow paths delineated with stable isotopes can be combined with hydraulic data to form a more complete picture of the groundwater flow system. In this study values of ??D and ??18O were used to delineate paths of river-water infiltration into the Lockport Group, a fractured dolomite aquifer, and to compute the percentage of river water in groundwater samples from shallow bedrock wells. Flow paths were correlated with areas of high hydraulic diffusivity in the shallow bedrock that were delineated from water-level fluctuations induced by diurnal stage fluctuations in man-made hydraulic structures. Flow paths delineated with the stable-isotope and hydraulic data suggest that river infiltration reaches an unlined storm sewer in the bedrock through a drainage system that surrounds aqueducts carrying river water to hydroelectric power plants. This finding is significant because the storm sewer is the discharge point for contaminated groundwater from several chemical waste-disposal sites and the cost of treating the storm sewer's discharge could be reduced if the volume of infiltration from the river were decreased.

Whole glove permeation of cyclohexanol through disposable nitrile gloves on a dextrous robot hand and comparison with the modified closed-loop ASTM F739 method 1. No fist clenching.

PubMed

Mathews, Airek R; Que Hee, Shane S

2017-04-01

The aim was to develop a whole glove permeation method for cyclohexanol to generate permeation parameter data for a non-moving dextrous robot hand (normalized breakthrough time t b , standardized breakthrough time t s , steady state permeation rate P s , and diffusion coefficient D). Four types of disposable powderless, unsupported, and unlined nitrile gloves from the same producer were investigated: Safeskin Blue and Kimtech Science Blue, Purple, and Sterling. The whole glove method developed involved a peristaltic pump for water circulation through chemically resistant Viton tubing to continually wash the inner surface of the test glove via holes in the tubing, a dextrous robot hand operated by a microprocessor, a chemically protective nitrile glove to protect the robot hand, an incubator to maintain 35°C temperature, and a hot plate to maintain 35°C at the sampling point of the circulating water. Aliquots of 1.0 mL were sampled at regular time intervals for the first 60 min followed by removal of 0.5 mL aliquots every hour to 8 hr. Quantification was by the internal standard method after gas chromatography-selective ion electron impact mass spectrometry using a non-polar capillary column. The individual glove values of t b and t s differed for the ASTM closed loop method except for Safeskin Blue, but did not for the whole glove method. Most of the kinetic parameters agreed within an order of magnitude for the two techniques. The order of most protective to least protective glove was Blue and Safeskin, then Purple followed by Sterling for the whole gloves. The analogous order for the modified F739 ASTM closed loop method was: Safeskin, Blue, Purple, and Sterling, almost the same as for the whole glove. The Sterling glove was "not recommended" from the modified ASTM data, and was "poor" from the whole glove data.

Investigation of the potential antimicrobial efficacy of sealants used in HVAC systems.

PubMed

Foarde, K K; VanOsdell, D W; Menetrez, M Y

2001-08-01

Recent experiments confirm field experience that duct cleaning alone may not provide adequate protection from regrowth of fungal contamination on fiberglass duct liner (FGDL). Current recommendations for remediation of fungally contaminated fiberglass duct materials specify complete removal of the materials. But removal of contaminated materials can be extremely expensive. Therefore, a common practice in the duct-cleaning industry is the postcleaning use of antimicrobial surface coatings with the implication that they may contain or limit regrowth. Little information is available on the efficacy of these treatments. This paper describes a study to evaluate whether three commercially available antimicrobial coatings, placed on a cleaned surface that 1 year previously had been actively growing microorganisms, would be able to prevent regrowth. The three coatings contained different active antimicrobial compounds. All three of the coatings were designed for use on heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system components or interior surfaces of lined and unlined duct systems. Coating I was a polyacrylate copolymer containing zinc oxide and borates. Coating II was an acrylic coating containing decabromodiphenyl oxide and antimony trioxide. Coating III was an acrylic primer containing a phosphated quaternary amine complex. The study included field and laboratory assessments. The three treatments were evaluated in an uncontrolled field setting in an actual duct system. The laboratory study broadened the field study to include a range of humidities under controlled conditions. Both static and dynamic chamber laboratory experiments were performed. The results showed that two of the three antimicrobial coatings limited the regrowth of fungal contamination, at least in the short term (the 3-month time span of the study); the third did not. Before use in the field, testing of the efficacy of antimicrobial coatings under realistic use conditions is recommended because antimicrobials have different baseline activities and interact differently with the substrate that contains them and their local environment.

Experimental testing of flexible barriers for containment of debris flows

USGS Publications Warehouse

DeNatale, Jay S.; Iverson, Richard M.; Major, Jon J.; LaHusen, Richard G.; Fliegel, Gregg L.; Duffy, John D.

1999-01-01

In June 1996, six experiments conducted at the U.S. Geological Survey Debris Flow Flume demonstrated that flexible, vertical barriers constructed of wire rope netting can stop small debris flows. All experimental debris flows consisted of water-saturated gravelly sand with less than two percent finer sediment by weight. All debris flows had volumes of about 10 cubic meters, masses of about 20 metre tons, and impact velocities of 5 to 9 meters per second. In four experiments, the debris flow impacted pristine, unreformed barriers of varying design; in the other two experiments, the debris flow impacted barriers already loaded with sediment from a previous flow. Differences in barrier design led to differences in barrier performance. Experiments were conducted with barriers constructed of square-mesh wire-rope netting with 30centimeter, 20centimeter, and 15 centimeter mesh openings as well as 30centimeter diameter interlocking steel rings. In all cases, sediment cascading downslope at the leading edge of the debris flows tended to spray through the nets. Nets fitted with finer-mesh chain link or chicken wire liners contained more sediment than did unlined nets, and a ring net fitted with a synthetic silt screen liner contained nearly 100 percent of the sediment. Irreversible net displacements of up to 2 meters and friction brake engagement on the support and anchor cables dissipated some of the impact energy. However, substantial forces developed in the steel support columns and the lateral and tie-back anchor cables attached to these columns. As predicted by elementary mechanics, the anchor cables experienced larger tensile forces when the support columns were hinged at the base rather than bolted rigidly to the foundation. Measured loads in the lateral anchor cables exceeded those in the tie-back anchor cables and the load cell capacity of 45 kilo-Newtons. Measurements also indicated that the peak loads in the tie- back anchors were highly transient and occurred at the points of maximum momentum impulse to the net.

Movement and fate of creosote waste in ground water, Pensacola, Florida; U.S. Geological Survey toxic waste-ground-water contamination program

USGS Publications Warehouse

Mattraw, Harold C.; Franks, Bernard J.

1986-01-01

Ground- and surface-water contamination by pesticides used in the wood-preserving industry is widespread in the United States. Pine poles were treated with wood preservatives from 1902 to 1981 at a creosote works near Pensacola, Florida. Diesel fuel, creosote, and pentachlorophenol were discharged to two unlined impoundments that had a direct hydraulic connection to the sand-and-gravel aquifer. Evidence of wood-preserving waste contamination appears to be confined to the upper 30 meters of the aquifer. The waste plume extends downgradient approximately 300 meters south toward Pensacola Bay. In 1983, the creosote works site was selected by the U.S. Geological Survey's Office of Hazardous Waste Hydrology as a national research demonstration area to apply the latest techniques for characterizing hazardous waste problems. The multidisciplinary research effort is aimed at studying processes that affect the occurrence, transport, transformations, and fate of the toxic contaminants associated with wood preservatives in the environment. Clusters of two to five wells were constructed at different depths at nine sites to define the depth of contamination. Research studies are investigating sorption, dispersion, dilution, chemical reactions, bacterially mediated transformations, quality assurance, plume hydrodynamics, and the ultimate fate of these complex organic wastes.

Recent Trends in Water Use and Production for California Oil Production.

PubMed

Tiedeman, Kate; Yeh, Sonia; Scanlon, Bridget R; Teter, Jacob; Mishra, Gouri Shankar

2016-07-19

Recent droughts and concerns about water use for petroleum extraction renew the need to inventory water use for oil production. We quantified water volumes used and produced by conventional oil production and hydraulic fracturing (HF) in California. Despite a 25% decrease in conventional oil production from 1999 to 2012, total water use increased by 30% though much of that increase was derived from reuse of produced water. Produced water volumes increased by 50%, with increasing amounts disposed in unlined evaporation ponds or released to surface water. Overall freshwater use (constituting 1.2% of the state's nonagricultural water consumption) increased by 46% during this period due to increased freshwater-intensive tertiary oil production. HF has been practiced in California for more than 30 years, accounting for 1% of total oil production in 2012 from mostly directional and vertical wells. Water use intensity for HF wells in California averaged at 3.5 vol water/vol oil production in 2012 and 2.4 vol/vol in 2013, higher than the range from literature estimates and net water use intensity of conventional production (1.2 vol/vol in 2012). Increasing water use and disposal for oil production have important implications for water management and have potentially adverse health, environmental, and ecological impacts.

Comparison of high-density carbon implosions in unlined uranium versus gold hohlraums

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dewald, Eduard; Meezan, Nathan; Tommasini, Riccardo; Khan, Shahab; MacKinnon, Andrew; Berzak Hopkins, Laura; Divol, Laurent; Lepape, Sebastien; Moore, Alastair; Schneider, Marilyn; Pak, Arthur; Nikroo, Abbas; Landen, Otto

2016-10-01

In Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) implosions, laser energy is converted to x-ray radiation in hohlraums with High-Z walls. At radiation temperatures near 300 eV relevant for ICF experiments, the radiative losses in heating the wall are lower for U than for Au hohlraums. Furthermore, the intensity of the ``M-band'' x-rays with photon energies h ν >1.8 keV is lower for uranium, allowing for reduced capsule dopant concentrations employed to minimize inner ablator preheat and hence keep favorable fuel/ablator interface Atwood numbers. This in turn improves the ablator rocket efficiency and reduces the risk of polluting the hot-spot with emissive dopant material. The first uranium vacuum hohlraum experiments on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) with undoped high-density carbon (HDC, or diamond) capsules have demonstrated 30% lower ``M-band'' intensity relative to Au, resulting in lower inflight ablator thickness due to reduced preheat. In addition, fusion neutron yields are 2x higher in U than in Au hohlraums for D2-gas filled capsule implosions at ICF relevant velocities of 380 +/-20 km/s. These results have led the NIF ICF implosions to routinely employ U hohlraums. Prepared by LLNL under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344.

Measurement of Sedimentary Interbed Hydraulic Properties and Their Hydrologic Influence near the Idaho Nuclear Technology and Engineering Center at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory

USGS Publications Warehouse

Perkins, Kim S.

2003-01-01

Disposal of wastewater to unlined infiltration ponds near the Idaho Nuclear Technology and Engineering Center (INTEC), formerly known as the Idaho Chemical Processing Plant, at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) has resulted in the formation of perched water bodies in the unsaturated zone (Cecil and others, 1991). The unsaturated zone at INEEL comprises numerous basalt flows interbedded with thinner layers of coarse- to fine-grained sediments and perched ground-water zones exist at various depths associated with massive basalts, basalt-flow contacts, sedimentary interbeds, and sediment-basalt contacts. Perched ground water is believed to result from large infiltration events such as seasonal flow in the Big Lost River and wastewater discharge to infiltration ponds. Evidence from a large-scale tracer experiment conducted in 1999 near the Radioactive Waste Management Complex (RWMC), approximately 13 km from the INTEC, indicates that rapid lateral flow of perched water in the unsaturated zone may be an important factor in contaminant transport at the INEEL (Nimmo and others, 2002b). Because sedimentary interbeds, and possibly baked-zone alterations at sediment-basalt contacts (Cecil and other, 1991) play an important role in the generation of perched water it is important to assess the hydraulic properties of these units.

Health assessment for Milan Army Ammunition Plant, Milan, Carrol and Gibson Counties, Tennessee, Region 4. CERCLIS No. TND210020582. Preliminary report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1989-04-10

The Milan Army Ammunition Plant Site (MAAP) is located in Milan (Carrol and Gibson Counties), Tennessee. MAAP produces munitions for the U.S. Army. From 1942 to 1978 wastewater from a munition demilitarization process line was discharged into 11 unlined settling ponds. These ponds were dredged in 1971 with the soils placed near the side of the ponds. A multilayer cap was placed on top of the ponds and the dredged soils (1984). Access to the site is restricted. Removal actions have not occurred. Preliminary on-site groundwater sampling results have identified cyclonite (RDX), homocyclonite (HMX), 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, 2,6-dinitrotoluene, 2,4-dinitrotoluene, 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene. In addition,more » cadmium, chromium, and lead were detected in on-site groundwater. Off-site surface water sampling results identified RDX and HMX. The site is considered to be of potential public health concern because of the risk to human health caused by the possibility of human exposure to hazardous substances. Direct contact and ingestion with groundwater from on-site wells, off-site soils and bioaccumulation of site-related contaminants in fish, waterfowl, and crops with uptake from irrigation, and subsequent ingestion by area residents are possible human exposure pathways.« less

Simulation of construction and demolition waste leachate

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Townsend, T.G.; Jang, Y.; Thurn, L.G.

1999-11-01

Solid waste produced from construction and demolition (C and D) activities is typically disposed of in unlined landfills. Knowledge of C{ampersand}D debris landfill leachate is limited in comparison to other types of wastes. A laboratory study was performed to examine leachate resulting from simulated rainfall infiltrating a mixed C and D waste stream consisting of common construction materials (e.g., concrete, wood, drywall). Lysimeters (leaching columns) filled with the mixed C and D waste were operated under flooded and unsaturated conditions. Leachate constituent concentrations in the leachate from specific waste components were also examined. Leachate samples were collected and analyzed formore » a number of conventional water quality parameters including pH, alkalinity, total organic carbon, total dissolved solids, and sulfate. In experiments with the mixed C and D waste, high concentrations of total dissolved solids (TDS) and sulfate were detected in the leachate. C and D leachates produced as a result of unsaturated conditions exhibited TDS concentrations in the range of 570--2,200 mg/L. The major contributor to the TDS was sulfate, which ranged in concentration between 280 and 930 mg/L. The concentrations of sulfate in the leachate exceeded the sulfate secondary drinking water standard of 250 mg/L.« less

Computerized Writing and Reading Instruction for Students in Grades 4 to 9 With Specific Learning Disabilities Affecting Written Language

PubMed Central

Tanimoto, Steven; Thompson, Rob; Berninger, Virginia W.; Nagy, William; Abbott, Robert D.

2015-01-01

Computer scientists and educational researchers evaluated effectiveness of computerized instruction tailored to evidence-based impairments in specific learning disabilities (SLDs) in students in grades 4 to 9 with persisting SLDs despite prior extra help. Following comprehensive, evidence-based differential diagnosis for dysgraphia (impaired handwriting), dyslexia (impaired word reading and spelling), and oral and written language learning disability (OWL LD), students completed 18 sessions of computerized instruction over about 3 months. The 11 students taught letter formation with sequential, numbered, colored arrow cues with full contours who wrote letters on lines added to iPAD screen showed more and stronger treatment effects than the 21 students taught using only visual motion cues for letter formation who wrote on an unlined computer monitor. Teaching to all levels of language in multiple functional language systems (by ear, eye, mouth, and hand) close in time resulted in significant gains in reading and writing skills for the group and in diagnosed SLD hallmark impairments for individuals; also, performance on computerized learning activities correlated with treatment gains. Results are discussed in reference to need for both accommodations and explicit instruction for persisting SLDs and the potential for computers to teach handwriting, morphophonemic orthographies, comprehension, and composition. PMID:26858470

Impact to Underground Sources of Drinking Water and Domestic Wells from Production Well Stimulation and Completion Practices in the Pavillion, Wyoming, Field.

PubMed

DiGiulio, Dominic C; Jackson, Robert B

2016-04-19

A comprehensive analysis of all publicly available data and reports was conducted to evaluate impact to Underground Sources of Drinking Water (USDWs) as a result of acid stimulation and hydraulic fracturing in the Pavillion, WY, Field. Although injection of stimulation fluids into USDWs in the Pavillion Field was documented by EPA, potential impact to USDWs at the depths of stimulation as a result of this activity was not previously evaluated. Concentrations of major ions in produced water samples outside expected levels in the Wind River Formation, leakoff of stimulation fluids into formation media, and likely loss of zonal isolation during stimulation at several production wells, indicates that impact to USDWs has occurred. Detection of organic compounds used for well stimulation in samples from two monitoring wells installed by EPA, plus anomalies in major ion concentrations in water from one of these monitoring wells, provide additional evidence of impact to USDWs and indicate upward solute migration to depths of current groundwater use. Detections of diesel range organics and other organic compounds in domestic wells <600 m from unlined pits used prior to the mid-1990s to dispose diesel-fuel based drilling mud and production fluids suggest impact to domestic wells as a result of legacy pit disposal practices.

Measurements of seepage losses and gains, East Maui Irrigation diversion system, Maui, Hawaiʻi

USGS Publications Warehouse

Cheng, Chui Ling

2012-01-01

The U.S. Geological Survey conducted a field study from March to October 2011 to identify ditch characteristics and quantify seepage losses and gains in the East Maui Irrigation (EMI) diversion system, east Maui, Hawaiʻi. The EMI diversion system begins at Makapipi Stream in the east and ends at Māliko Gulch in the west. It consists of four primary ditches known as the Wailoa, New Hāmākua, Lowrie, and Haʻikū Ditches. Additional ditches that connect to the four primary ditches include the Koʻolau, Spreckels, Kauhikoa, Spreckels at Pāpaʻaʻea, Manuel Luis, and Center Ditches. Ditch characteristics for about 63 miles of the EMI diversion system, excluding abandoned ditches and stream conveyances, were identified. About 46 miles (73 percent) of the surveyed diversion system are tunnels and 17 miles are open ditches—in which 11 miles are unlined, 3.5 miles are lined, and 2.5 miles are partially lined. The Wailoa, Kauhikoa, and Haʻikū Ditches have greater than 96 percent of their total lengths as tunnels, whereas more than half of the Lowrie Ditch and Spreckels Ditch at Pāpaʻaʻea are open ditches. About 70 percent of the total length of lined open ditches in the EMI diversion system is located along the Koʻolau Ditch, whereas about 67 percent of the total length of unlined open ditches in the diversion system is located along the Lowrie Ditch. Less than 4 percent of the EMI diversion system is partially lined open ditches, and about half of the total partially lined open-ditch length is in the Spreckels Ditch. EMI regularly maintains and repairs the diversion system; therefore, ditch characteristics documented in this report are representative of conditions existing during the period of this study. Discharge measurements were made along 26 seepage-run measurement reaches that are a total of about 15 miles in length. The seepage-run measurement reaches represent 23 percent of the total length of ditches in the EMI diversion system. Discharge measurements were made along the measurement reaches during periods of stable ditch flow in the months of June, August, and September 2011. The discharge measurements indicate that Koʻolau Ditch and Spreckels Ditch at Pāpaʻaʻea generally had seepage losses, whereas Wailoa, Kauhikoa, and New Hāmākua Ditches had seepage gains within the measured reaches. The Manuel Luis, Center, Lowrie, and Haʻikū Ditches had variable seepage losses and gains within the seepage-run measurement reaches. Open-ditch measurement reaches generally had seepage losses that ranged from 0.1 cubic feet per second per mile of ditch at the Lowrie Ditch to 3.0 cubic feet per second per mile at the Koʻolau Ditch. Tunnel measurement reaches generally had seepage gains that ranged from 0.1 cubic feet per second per mile at the Manuel Luis Ditch to 5.2 cubic feet per second per mile at the Wailoa Ditch.

Modeling Organic Contaminant Desorption from Municipal Solid Waste Components

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Knappe, D. R.; Wu, B.; Barlaz, M. A.

2002-12-01

Approximately 25% of the sites on the National Priority List (NPL) of Superfund are municipal landfills that accepted hazardous waste. Unlined landfills typically result in groundwater contamination, and priority pollutants such as alkylbenzenes are often present. To select cost-effective risk management alternatives, better information on factors controlling the fate of hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) in landfills is required. The objectives of this study were (1) to investigate the effects of HOC aging time, anaerobic sorbent decomposition, and leachate composition on HOC desorption rates, and (2) to simulate HOC desorption rates from polymers and biopolymer composites with suitable diffusion models. Experiments were conducted with individual components of municipal solid waste (MSW) including polyvinyl chloride (PVC), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), newsprint, office paper, and model food and yard waste (rabbit food). Each of the biopolymer composites (office paper, newsprint, rabbit food) was tested in both fresh and anaerobically decomposed form. To determine the effects of aging on alkylbenzene desorption rates, batch desorption tests were performed after sorbents were exposed to toluene for 30 and 250 days in flame-sealed ampules. Desorption tests showed that alkylbenzene desorption rates varied greatly among MSW components (PVC slowest, fresh rabbit food and newsprint fastest). Furthermore, desorption rates decreased as aging time increased. A single-parameter polymer diffusion model successfully described PVC and HDPE desorption data, but it failed to simulate desorption rate data for biopolymer composites. For biopolymer composites, a three-parameter biphasic polymer diffusion model was employed, which successfully simulated both the initial rapid and the subsequent slow desorption of toluene. Toluene desorption rates from MSW mixtures were predicted for typical MSW compositions in the years 1960 and 1997. For the older MSW mixture, which had a low plastics content, the model predicted that 50% of the initially sorbed toluene desorbed over a period of 5.8 days. In contrast, the model predicted that 50% of the initially sorbed toluene desorbed over a period of 4 years for the newer MSW mixture. These results suggest that toluene desorption rates from old MSW mixtures exceed methanogenic toluene degradation rates (toluene half-lives of about 30 to 100 days have been reported for methanogenic systems) and thus imply that biodegradation kinetics control the rate at which sorbed toluene is mineralized in old landfills. For newer MSW mixtures with a larger plastics content, toluene desorption rates are substantially slower; therefore, toluene desorption kinetics likely control the rate at which sorbed toluene can be mineralized in new landfills.

Monitoring radionuclide contamination in the unsaturated zone - Lessons learned at the Amargosa Desert Research Site, Nye County, Nevada

USGS Publications Warehouse

Stonestrom, David A.; Abraham, Jared D.; Andraski, Brian J.; Baker, Ronald J.; Mayers, C. Justin; Michel, Robert L.; Prudic, David E.; Striegl, Robert G.; Walvoord, Michelle Ann

2004-01-01

Contaminant-transport processes are being investigated at the U.S. Geological Survey’s Amargosa Desert Research Site (A DRS), adjacent to the Nation’s first commercial disposal facility for low-level radioactive waste. Gases containing tritium and radiocarbon are migrating through a 110-m thick unsaturated zone from unlined trenches that received waste from 1962 to 1992. Results relevant to long- term monitoring of radionuclides are summarized as follows. Contaminant plumes have unexpected histories and spatial configurations due to uncertainties in the: (1) geologic framework, (2) biochemical reactions involving waste components, (3) interactions between plume components and unsaturated-zone materials, (4) disposal practices, and (5) physical transport processes. Information on plume dynamics depends on ex-situ wet-chemical techniques because in-situ sensors for the radionuclides of interest do not exist. As at other radioactive-waste disposal facilities, radionuclides at the ADRS are mixed with varying amounts of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Carbon-dioxide and VOC anomalies provide proxies for radioactive contamination. Contaminants in the unsaturated zone migrate along preferential pathways. Effective monitoring thus requires accurate geologic characterization. Direct- current electrical-resistivity imaging successfully mapped geologic units controlling preferential transport at the ADRS. Direct sampling of water from the unsaturated zone is complex and time consuming. Sampling plant water is an efficient alternative for mapping shallow tritium contamination.

Permeation of limonene through disposable nitrile gloves using a dextrous robot hand

PubMed Central

Banaee, Sean; S Que Hee, Shane

2017-01-01

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the permeation of the low-volatile solvent limonene through different disposable, unlined, unsupported, nitrile exam whole gloves (blue, purple, sterling, and lavender, from Kimberly-Clark). Methods: This study utilized a moving and static dextrous robot hand as part of a novel dynamic permeation system that allowed sampling at specific times. Quantitation of limonene in samples was based on capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and the internal standard method (4-bromophenol). Results: The average post-permeation thicknesses (before reconditioning) for all gloves for both the moving and static hand were more than 10% of the pre-permeation ones (P≤0.05), although this was not so on reconditioning. The standardized breakthrough times and steady-state permeation periods were similar for the blue, purple, and sterling gloves. Both methods had similar sensitivity. The lavender glove showed a higher permeation rate (0.490±0.031 μg/cm2/min) for the moving robotic hand compared to the non-moving hand (P≤0.05), this being ascribed to a thickness threshold. Conclusions: Permeation parameters for the static and dynamic robot hand models indicate that both methods have similar sensitivity in detecting the analyte during permeation and the blue, purple, and sterling gloves behave similarly during the permeation process whether moving or non-moving. PMID:28111415

Surrogate Indicators of Radionuclide Migration at the Amargosa Desert Research Site, Nye County, Nevada

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stonestrom, D. A.; Andraski, B. J.; Baker, R. J.; Luo, W.; Michel, R. L.

2005-05-01

Contaminant-transport processes are being investigated at the U.S. Geological Survey's Amargosa Desert Research Site (ADRS), adjacent to the Nation's first commercial disposal facility for low-level radioactive waste. Gases containing tritium and radiocarbon are migrating through a 110-m thick unsaturated zone from unlined trenches that received waste from 1962 to 1992. Information on plume dynamics comes from an array of shallow (<2 m) and two vertical arrays of deep (5-109 m) gas-sampling ports, plus ground-water monitoring wells. Migration is dominated by lateral transport in the upper 50 m of sediments. Radiological analyses require ex-situ wet-chemical techniques, because in-situ sensors for the radionuclides of interest do not exist. As at other LLRW-disposal facilities, radionuclides at the ADRS are mixed with varying amounts of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and other substances. Halogenated-methanes, -ethanes, and -ethenes dominate the complex mixture of VOCs migrating from the disposal area. These compounds and their degradates provide a distinctive "fingerprint" of contamination originating from low-level radioactive waste. Carbon-dioxide and VOC anomalies provide indicator proxies for radionuclide contamination. Spatial and temporal patterns of co-disposed and byproduct constituents provide field-scale information about physical and biochemical processes involved in transport. Processes include reduction and biorespiration within trenches, and largely non-reactive, barometrically dispersed diffusion away from trenches.

Galvanic Corrosion of Lead by Iron (Oxyhydr)Oxides: Potential Impacts on Drinking Water Quality.

PubMed

Trueman, Benjamin F; Sweet, Gregory A; Harding, Matthew D; Estabrook, Hayden; Bishop, D Paul; Gagnon, Graham A

2017-06-20

Lead exposure via drinking water remains a significant public health risk; this study explored the potential effects of upstream iron corrosion on lead mobility in water distribution systems. Specifically, galvanic corrosion of lead by iron (oxyhydr)oxides was investigated. Coupling an iron mineral cathode with metallic lead in a galvanic cell increased lead release by 531 μg L -1 on average-a 9-fold increase over uniform corrosion in the absence of iron. Cathodes were composed of spark plasma sintered Fe 3 O 4 or α-Fe 2 O 3 or field-extracted Fe 3 O 4 and α-FeOOH. Orthophosphate immobilized oxidized lead as insoluble hydroxypyromorphite, while humic acid enhanced lead mobility. Addition of a humic isolate increased lead release due to uniform corrosion by 81 μg L -1 and-upon coupling lead to a mineral cathode-release due to galvanic corrosion by 990 μg L -1 . Elevated lead in the presence of humic acid appeared to be driven by complexation, with 208 Pb and UV 254 size-exclusion chromatograms exhibiting strong correlation under these conditions (R 2 average = 0.87). A significant iron corrosion effect was consistent with field data: lead levels after lead service line replacement were greater by factors of 2.3-4.7 at sites supplied by unlined cast iron distribution mains compared with the alternative, lined ductile iron.

Site characterization design and techniques used at the Southern Shipbuilding Corporation site

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mueller, J.P.; Geraghty, C.A.; Moore, G.W.

1995-12-31

The Southern Shipbuilding Corporation (SSC) site is an inactive barge/ship manufacturing and repair facility situated on approximately 54 acres in Slidell, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana. Two unlined surface impoundments (North and South impoundments) are situated on the northwest portion of the site and are surrounded on three sides by Bayou Bonfouca. These impoundments are the sources of carcinogenic polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (CPAH) contamination at the site. Inadequate containment has resulted in the release of impoundment wastes into the bayou. To evaluate potential response alternatives for the site, an Engineering Evaluation/Cost Analysis (EE/CA) field investigation was conducted from July through Octobermore » 1994. A two phase sampling approach was used in combination with innovative and traditional sampling techniques, field screening technologies, and exploitation of the visual characteristics of the waste to determine the extent of waste migration with limited off-site laboratory confirmation. A skid-mounted mobile drilling unit, secured to a specialized sampling platform designed for multiple applications, was used for collection of sediment cores from the bayou as well as tarry sludge cores from the impoundments. Field screening of core samples was accomplished on site using an organic vapor analyzer and a total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) field analyzer. Pollutants of concern include metals, cyanide, dioxin, and organic compounds. This paper presents details on the sampling design and characterization techniques used to accomplish the EE/CA field investigation.« less

Simulated Water-Management Alternatives Using the Modular Modeling System for the Methow River Basin, Washington

USGS Publications Warehouse

Konrad, Christopher P.

2004-01-01

A precipitation-runoff model for the Methow River Basin was used to simulate six alternatives: (1) baseline of current flow, (2) line irrigation canals to limit seepage losses, (3) increase surface-water diversions through unlined canals for aquifer recharge, (4) convert from surface-water to ground-water resources to supply water for irrigation, and (5) reduce tree density in forested headwater catchments, and (6) natural flow. Daily streamflow from October 1, 1959, to September 30, 2001 (water years 1960?2001) was simulated. Lining irrigation canals (alternative 2) increased flows in the Chewuch, Twisp, and the Methow (upstream and at Twisp) Rivers during September because of lower diversion rates, but not in the Methow River near Pateros. Increasing diversions for aquifer recharge (alternative 3) increased streamflow from September into January, but reduced streamflow earlier in the summer. Conversion of surface-water diversions to ground-water wells (alternative 4) resulted in the largest increase in September streamflow of any alternative, but also marginally lower January flows (at most -8 percent in the 90-percent exceedence value). Forest-cover reduction (alternative 5) produced large increases in streamflow during high-flow periods in May and June and earlier onset of high flows and small increases in January streamflows. September streamflows were largely unaffected by alternative 5. Natural streamflow (alternative 6) was higher in September and lower in January than the baseline alternative.

Methanogenic biodegradation of creosote contaminants in natural and simulated ground-water ecosystems

USGS Publications Warehouse

Godsy, E. Michael; Goerlitz, Donald; Grbic-Galic, Dunja

1992-01-01

Wastes from a wood preserving plant in Pensacola, Florida have contaminated the near-surface sand-and-gravel aquifer with creosote-derived compounds and pentachlorophenol. Contamination resulted from the discharge of plant waste waters to and subsequent seepage from unlined surface impoundments that were in direct hydraulic contact with the ground water. Two distinct phases resulted when the creosote and water mixed: a denser than water hydrocarbon phase that moved vertically downward, and an organic-rich aqueous phase that moved laterally with the ground-water flow. The aqueous phase is enriched in organic acids, phenolic compounds, single- and double-ring nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen containing compounds, and single- and double-ring aromatic hydrocarbons. The ground water is devoid of dissolved O2, is 60-70% saturated with CH4 and contains H2S. Field analyses document a greater decrease in concentration of organic fatty acids, benzoic acid, phenol, 2-, 3-, 4-methylphenol, quinoline, isoquinoline, 1(2H)-quinolinone, and 2(1H)-isoquinolinone during downgradient movement in the aquifer than could be explained by dilution and/or dispersion. Laboratory microcosm studies have shown that within the study region, this effect can be attributed to microbial degradation to CH4 and CO2. A small but active methanogenic population was found on sediment materials taken from highly contaminated parts of the aquifer.

NASA Hybrid Wing Aircraft Aeroacoustic Test Documentation Report

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Heath, Stephanie L.; Brooks, Thomas F.; Hutcheson, Florence V.; Doty, Michael J.; Bahr, Christopher J.; Hoad, Danny; Becker, Lawrence; Humphreys, William M.; Burley, Casey L.; Stead, Dan;

Influence of movable test section elements configuration on its drag and flow field uniformity at transonic speeds

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Glazkov, S. A.; Gorbushin, A. R.; Osipova, S. L.; Semenov, A. V.

2016-10-01

The report describes the results of flow field experimental research in TsAGI T-128 transonic wind tunnel. During the tests Mach number, stagnation pressure, test section wall perforation ratio, angles between the test section panels and mixing chamber flaps varied. Based on the test results one determined corrections to the free-stream Mach number related to the flow speed difference in the model location and in the zone of static pressure measurement on the test section walls, nonuniformity of the longitudinal velocity component in the model location, optimal position of the movable test section elements to provide flow field uniformity in the test section and minimize the test leg drag.

Calibration of the 13- by 13-inch adaptive wall test section for the Langley 0.3-meter transonic cryogenic tunnel

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mineck, Raymond E.; Hill, Acquilla S.

1990-01-01

A 13 by 13 inch adaptive wall test section was installed in the 0.3 Meter Transonic Cryogenic Tunnel circuit. This new test section is configured for 2-D airfoil testing. It has four solid walls. The top and bottom walls are flexible and movable whereas the sidewalls are rigid and fixed. The wall adaptation strategy employed requires the test section wall shapes associated with uniform test section Mach number distributions. Calibration tests with the test section empty were conducted with the top and bottom walls linearly diverged to approach a uniform Mach number distribution. Pressure distributions were measured in the contraction cone, the test section, and the high speed diffuser at Mach numbers from 0.20 to 0.95 and Reynolds numbers from 10 to 100 x 10 (exp 6)/per foot.

Corrective Action Investigation Plan for Corrective Action Unit 5: Landfills, Nevada Test Site, Nevada (Rev. No.: 0) includes Record of Technical Change No. 1 (dated 9/17/2002)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

IT Corporation, Las Vegas, NV

This Corrective Action Investigation Plan contains the U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Operations Office's approach to collect the data necessary to evaluate corrective action alternatives appropriate for the closure of Corrective Action Unit (CAU) 5 under the Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order. Corrective Action Unit 5 consists of eight Corrective Action Sites (CASs): 05-15-01, Sanitary Landfill; 05-16-01, Landfill; 06-08-01, Landfill; 06-15-02, Sanitary Landfill; 06-15-03, Sanitary Landfill; 12-15-01, Sanitary Landfill; 20-15-01, Landfill; 23-15-03, Disposal Site. Located between Areas 5, 6, 12, 20, and 23 of the Nevada Test Site (NTS), CAU 5 consists of unlined landfillsmore » used in support of disposal operations between 1952 and 1992. Large volumes of solid waste were produced from the projects which used the CAU 5 landfills. Waste disposed in these landfills may be present without appropriate controls (i.e., use restrictions, adequate cover) and hazardous and/or radioactive constituents may be present at concentrations and locations that could potentially pose a threat to human health and/or the environment. During the 1992 to 1995 time frame, the NTS was used for various research and development projects including nuclear weapons testing. Instead of managing solid waste at one or two disposal sites, the practice on the NTS was to dispose of solid waste in the vicinity of the project. A review of historical documentation, process knowledge, personal interviews, and inferred activities associated with this CAU identified the following as potential contaminants of concern: volatile organic compounds, semivolatile organic compounds, polychlorinated biphenyls, pesticides, petroleum hydrocarbons (diesel- and gasoline-range organics), Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Metals, plus nickel and zinc. A two-phase approach has been selected to collect information and generate data to satisfy needed resolution criteria and resolve the decision statements. Phase I will concentrate on geophysical surveys to confirm the presence or absence of disposed waste within a CAS and verify the boundaries of disposal areas; penetrate disposal feature covers via excavation and/or drilling; perform geodetic surveys; and be used to collect both soil and environmental samples for laboratory analyses. Phase II will deal only with those CASs where a contaminant of concern has been identified. This phase will involve the collection of additional soil and/or environmental samples for laboratory analyses. The results of this field investigation will support a defensible evaluation of corrective action alternatives in the corrective action decision document.« less

Flowfield measurements in the NASA Lewis Research Center 9- by 15-foot low-speed wind tunnel

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hughes, Christopher E.

1989-01-01

An experimental investigation was conducted in the NASA Lewis 9- by 15-Foot Low-Speed Wind Tunnel to determine the flow characteristics in the test section during wind tunnel operation. In the investigation, a 20-probe horizontally-mounted Pitot-static flow survey rake was used to obtain cross-sectional total and static pressure surveys at four axial locations in the test section. At each axial location, the cross-sectional flowfield surveys were made by repositioning the Pitot-static flow survey rake vertically. In addition, a calibration of the new wind tunnel rake instrumentation, used to determine the wind tunnel operating conditions, was performed. Boundary laser surveys were made at three axial locations in the test section. The investigation was conducted at tunnel Mach numbers 0.20, 0.15, 0.10, and 0.05. The test section profile results from the investigation indicate that fairly uniform total pressure profiles (outside the test section boundary layer) and fairly uniform static pressure and Mach number profiles (away from the test section walls and downstream of the test section entrance) exist throughout in the wind tunnel test section.

Impact Testing and Simulation of Composite Airframe Structures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jackson, Karen E.; Littell, Justin D.; Horta, Lucas G.; Annett, Martin S.; Fasanella, Edwin L.; Seal, Michael D., II

2014-01-01

Dynamic tests were performed at NASA Langley Research Center on composite airframe structural components of increasing complexity to evaluate their energy absorption behavior when subjected to impact loading. A second objective was to assess the capabilities of predicting the dynamic response of composite airframe structures, including damage initiation and progression, using a state-of-the-art nonlinear, explicit transient dynamic finite element code, LS-DYNA. The test specimens were extracted from a previously tested composite prototype fuselage section developed and manufactured by Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation under the US Army's Survivable Affordable Repairable Airframe Program (SARAP). Laminate characterization testing was conducted in tension and compression. In addition, dynamic impact tests were performed on several components, including I-beams, T-sections, and cruciform sections. Finally, tests were conducted on two full-scale components including a subfloor section and a framed fuselage section. These tests included a modal vibration and longitudinal impact test of the subfloor section and a quasi-static, modal vibration, and vertical drop test of the framed fuselage section. Most of the test articles were manufactured of graphite unidirectional tape composite with a thermoplastic resin system. However, the framed fuselage section was constructed primarily of a plain weave graphite fabric material with a thermoset resin system. Test data were collected from instrumentation such as accelerometers and strain gages and from full-field photogrammetry.

Assessment of nonpoint-source contamination of the High Plains Aquifer in south-central Kansas, 1987

USGS Publications Warehouse

Helgesen, John O.; Stullken, Lloyd E.; Rutledge, A.T.

1992-01-01

Ground-water quality was assessed in a 5,000-square-mile area of the High Plains aquifer in south-central Kansas that is susceptible to nonpoint-source contamination from agricultural and petroleum-production activities. Of particular interest were agricultural chemicals, mainly atrazine, and oil-derived hydrocarbons, which might occur in association with brines that formerly were disposed into unlined ponds.Random sampling of ground water was done within a framework of discrete land-use areas (irrigated cropland, petroleum-production land containing former brine-disposal ponds, and undeveloped rangeland) of 3 to 10 square miles. Although true baseline water-quality conditions probably are rare, these baseline conditions are represented most closely by ground water beneath the areas of undeveloped rangeland. The sampling design enabled statistical hypothesis testing of the effects of land use, unsaturated-zone lithology, and type of well sampled. Statistical testing was based on nonparametric procedures.Results indicate that regional ground-water quality has been affected by prevailing land-use activities, as shown mainly by increased concentrations of several inorganic constituents. Ground water beneath irrigated cropland is characterized by significantly (95-percent confidence level) larger concentrations of hardness, alkalinity, calcium, magnesium, potassium, fluoride, and nitrite plus nitrate than is water beneath undeveloped rangeland. Nondegraded pesticides generally were not detected in the aquifer, probably because of degradation and sorption. Atrazine is present locally in ground water in small concentrations.Ground water beneath petroleum-production land is characterized by significantly (95-percent confidence level) larger concentrations of hardness, alkalinity, dissolved solids, sodium, and chloride than is water beneath undeveloped rangeland. Nonpoint-source ground-water contamination by oil-derived hydrocarbons was not discernible. The occurrences of trace-organic compounds were similar between petroleum-production land and undeveloped rangeland, which indicates a natural origin for these compounds.The unsaturated zone in the study area is lithologically heterogeneous and contains substantial amounts of clay that inhibit the downward movement of water and solutes. Within the aquifer, the rate of regional lateral flow and solute transport is sufficiently slow so that the ground-water quality reflects overlying land use in discrete areas of several square miles. Regional flow, however, is sufficiently rapid so that the type of well sampled is not important in regional characterization of water quality beneath irrigated cropland; the seasonal pumping of irrigation wells does not appear to divert regional flow enough to cause substantial local anomalies of more mineralized ground water.

26 CFR 1.280C-3 - Disallowance of certain deductions for qualified clinical testing expenses when section 28 credit...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... clinical testing expenses when section 28 credit is allowable. 1.280C-3 Section 1.280C-3 Internal Revenue... Not Deductible § 1.280C-3 Disallowance of certain deductions for qualified clinical testing expenses... section 28 for qualified clinical testing expenses (as defined in section 28(b)), it must reduce the...

Risk assessment of nitrate transport through subsurface layers and groundwater using experimental and modeling approach.

PubMed

Alslaibi, Tamer M; Abunada, Ziyad; Abu Amr, Salem S; Abustan, Ismail

2017-09-22

Landfills are one of the main point sources of groundwater pollution. This research mainly aims to assess the risk of nitrate [Formula: see text] transport from the unlined landfill to subsurface layers and groundwater using experimental results and the SESOIL model. Samples from 12 groundwater wells downstream of the landfill were collected and analyzed in 2008, 21 years after the landfill construction. The average [Formula: see text] concentration in the wells was 54 mg/L, slightly higher than the World Health Organization ([Formula: see text] 50 mg/L) standards. SESOIL model was used to predict the [Formula: see text] concentration at the bottom of the unsaturated zone. Results indicated that the current mean [Formula: see text] concentration at the bottom of the unsaturated zone is 75 mg/L. the model predicted that the level of NO 3 will increased up to 325 mg/L within 30 years. Accordingly, the [Formula: see text] concentration in groundwater wells near the landfill area is expected to gradually increase with time. Although the current risk associated with the [Formula: see text] level might not be harm to adults, however, it might pose severe risks to both adults and infants in the near future due to [Formula: see text] leaching. Urgent mitigation measures such as final cell cover (cap), lining system and vertical expansion should be considered at the landfill to protect the public health in the area.

On modeling the sound propagation through a lined duct with a modified Ingard-Myers boundary condition

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, Cheng; Fang, Yi; Zhao, Chao; Zhang, Xin

2018-06-01

A duct acoustics model is an essential component of an impedance eduction technique and its computation cost determines the impedance measurement efficiency. In this paper, a model is developed for the sound propagation through a lined duct carrying a uniform mean flow. In contrast to many existing models, the interface between the liner and the duct field is defined with a modified Ingard-Myers boundary condition that takes account of the effect of the boundary layer above the liner. A mode-matching method is used to couple the unlined and lined duct segments for the model development. For the lined duct segment, the eigenvalue problem resulted from the modified boundary condition is solved by an integration scheme which, on the one hand, allows the lined duct modes to be computed in an efficient manner, and on the other hand, orders the modes automatically. The duct acoustics model developed from the solved lined duct modes is shown to converge more rapidly than the one developed from the rigid-walled duct modes. Validation against the experiment data in the literature shows that the proposed model is able to predict more accurately the liner performance measured by the two-source method. This, however, cannot be made by a duct acoustics model associated with the conventional Ingard-Myers boundary condition. The proposed model has the potential to be integrated into an impedance eduction technique for more reliable liner measurement.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kelly, V.A.; Beach, J.A.; Statham, W.H.

The Savannah River Site (SRS) is a Department of Energy (DOE) facility located near Aiken, South Carolina which is currently operated and managed by Westinghouse Savannah River Company (WSRC). The Sanitary Landfill (Sanitary Landfill) at the SRS is located approximately 2,000 feet Northwest of Upper Three Runs Creek (UTRC) on an approximately 70 acre site located south of Road C between the SRS B-Area and UTRC. The Sanitary Landfill has been receiving wastes since 1974 and operates as an unlined trench and fill operation. The original landfill site was 32 acres. This area reached its capacity around 1987 and amore » Northern Expansion of 16 acres and a Southern Expansion of 22 acres were added in 1987. The Northern Expansion has not been used for waste disposal to date and the Southern Expansion is expected to reach capacity in 1992 or 1993. The waste received at the Sanitary Landfill is predominantly paper, plastics, rubber, wood, metal, cardboard, rags saturated with degreasing solvents, pesticide bags, empty cans, and asbestos in bags. The landfill is not supposed to receive any radioactive wastes. However, tritium has been detected in the groundwater at the site. Gross alpha and gross beta are also evaluated at the landfill. The objectives of this modeling study are twofold: (1) to create a local scale Sanitary Landfill flow model to study hydraulic effects resulting from capping the Sanitary Landfill; and (2) to create a Sanitary Landfill local scale transport model to support ACL Demonstrations for a RCRA Part B Permit Renewal.« less

Microcrack Quantification in Composite Materials by a Neural Network Analysis of Ultrasound Spectral Data

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Walker, James L.; Russell, Samuel S.; Suits, Michael W.

2003-01-01

Intra-ply microcracking in unlined composite pressure vessels can be very troublesome to detect and when linked through the thickness can provide leak paths that may hinder mission success. The leaks may lead to loss of pressure/propellant, increased risk of explosion and possible cryo-pumping into air pockets within the laminate. Ultrasonic techniques have been shown capable of detecting the presence of microcracking and in this work they are used to quantify the level of microcracking. Resonance ultrasound methods are utilized with artificial neural networks to build a microcrack prediction/measurement tool. Two networks are presented, one unsupervised to provide a qualitative measure of microcracking and one supervised which provides a quantitative assessment of the level of microcracking. The resonant ultrasound spectroscopic method is made sensitive to microcracking by tuning the input spectrum to the higher frequency (shorter wavelength) components allowing more significant interaction with the defects. This interaction causes the spectral characteristics to shift toward lower amplitudes at the higher frequencies. As the density of the defects increases more interactions occur and more drastic amplitude changes are observed. Preliminary experiments to quantify the level of microcracking induced in graphite/epoxy composite samples through a combination of tensile loading and cryogenic temperatures are presented. Both unsupervised (Kohonen) and supervised (radial basis function) artificial neural networks are presented to determine the measurable effect on the resonance spectrum of the ultrasonic data taken from the samples.

Comparison of airfoil results from an adaptive wall test section and a porous wall test section

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mineck, Raymond E.

1989-01-01

Two wind tunnel investigations were conducted to assess two different wall interference alleviation/correction techniques: adaptive test section walls and classical analytical corrections. The same airfoil model has been tested in the adaptive wall test section of the NASA-Langley 0.3 m Transonic Cryogenic Tunnel (TCT) and in the National Aeronautical Establishment (NAE) High Reynolds Number 2-D facility. The model has a 9 in. chord and a CAST 10-2/DOA 2 airfoil section. The 0.3 m TCT adaptive wall test section has four solid walls with flexible top and bottom walls. The NAE test section has porous top and bottom walls and solid side walls. The aerodynamic results corrected for top and bottom wall interference at Mach numbers from 0.3 to 0.8 at a Reynolds number of 10 by 1,000,000. Movement of the adaptive walls was used to alleviate the top and bottom wall interference in the test results from the NASA tunnel.

Section Preequating under the Equivalent Groups Design without IRT

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Guo, Hongwen; Puhan, Gautam

2014-01-01

In this article, we introduce a section preequating (SPE) method (linear and nonlinear) under the randomly equivalent groups design. In this equating design, sections of Test X (a future new form) and another existing Test Y (an old form already on scale) are administered. The sections of Test X are equated to Test Y, after adjusting for the…

26 CFR 1.141-8 - $15 million limitation for output facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... the private business tests of section 141(b)(1) and (2) if the nonqualified amount with respect to... limitation applies in addition to the private business tests of section 141(b)(1) and (2). Under section 141... cases. Specifically, an issue meets the test in section 141(b)(4) if both of the following tests are met...

26 CFR 1.141-8 - $15 million limitation for output facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... the private business tests of section 141(b)(1) and (2) if the nonqualified amount with respect to... limitation applies in addition to the private business tests of section 141(b)(1) and (2). Under section 141... cases. Specifically, an issue meets the test in section 141(b)(4) if both of the following tests are met...

26 CFR 1.141-8 - $15 million limitation for output facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... the private business tests of section 141(b)(1) and (2) if the nonqualified amount with respect to... limitation applies in addition to the private business tests of section 141(b)(1) and (2). Under section 141... cases. Specifically, an issue meets the test in section 141(b)(4) if both of the following tests are met...

Experimental evaluation of wall Mach number distributions of the octagonal test section proposed for NASA Lewis Research Center's altitude wind tunnel

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Harrington, Douglas E.; Burley, Richard R.; Corban, Robert R.

1986-01-01

Wall Mach number distributions were determined over a range of test-section free-stream Mach numbers from 0.2 to 0.92. The test section was slotted and had a nominal porosity of 11 percent. Reentry flaps located at the test-section exit were varied from 0 (fully closed) to 9 (fully open) degrees. Flow was bled through the test-section slots by means of a plenum evacuation system (PES) and varied from 0 to 3 percent of tunnel flow. Variations in reentry flap angle or PES flow rate had little or no effect on the Mach number distributions in the first 70 percent of the test section. However, in the aft region of the test section, flap angle and PES flow rate had a major impact on the Mach number distributions. Optimum PES flow rates were nominally 2 to 2.5 percent wtih the flaps fully closed and less than 1 percent when the flaps were fully open. The standard deviation of the test-section wall Mach numbers at the optimum PES flow rates was 0.003 or less.

Test-section noise of the Ames 7 by 10-foot wind tunnel no. 1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Soderman, P. T.

1976-01-01

An investigation was made of the test-section noise levels at various wind speeds in the Ames 7- by 10-Foot Wind Tunnel No. 1. No model was in the test section. Results showed that aerodynamic noise from various struts used to monitor flow conditions in the test section dominated the wind-tunnel background noise over much of the frequency spectrum. A tapered microphone stand with a thin trailing edge generated less noise than did a constant-chord strut with a blunt trailing edge. Noise from small holes in the test-section walls was insignificant.

40 CFR 53.42 - Generation of test atmospheres for wind tunnel tests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... tunnel tests. 53.42 Section 53.42 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED... particle delivery system shall consist of a blower system and a wind tunnel having a test section of... particles delivered to the test section of the wind tunnel shall be established using the operating...

40 CFR 53.42 - Generation of test atmospheres for wind tunnel tests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... tunnel tests. 53.42 Section 53.42 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED... particle delivery system shall consist of a blower system and a wind tunnel having a test section of... particles delivered to the test section of the wind tunnel shall be established using the operating...

40 CFR 53.42 - Generation of test atmospheres for wind tunnel tests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... tunnel tests. 53.42 Section 53.42 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED... particle delivery system shall consist of a blower system and a wind tunnel having a test section of... particles delivered to the test section of the wind tunnel shall be established using the operating...

Plenum response to simulated disturbances of the model and fan inlet guide vanes in a transonic tunnel

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gloss, B. B.

1980-01-01

In order to aid in the design of the National Transonic Facility (NTF) control system, test section/plenum response studies were carried out in a 0.186 scale model of the NTF high speed duct. Two types of disturbances, those induced by the model and those induced by the compressor inlet guide vanes were simulated. Some observations with regard to the test section/plenum response tests are summarized as follows. A resonance frequency for the test section/plenum area of the tunnel of approximately 50 Hz was observed for Mach numbers from 0.40 to 0.90. However, since the plenum is 3.1 times (based on volume) too large for the scaled size of the test section, care must be taken in extrapolating these data to NTF conditions. The plenum pressure data indicate the existence of pressure gradients in the plenum. The test results indicate that the difference between test section static pressure and plenum pressure is dependent on test section flow conditions. Plenum response to inlet guide vane type disturbances appears to be slower than plenum response to test section disturbances.

Sunset dates of chemicals subject to final TSCA section 4: test requirements and related section 12(b) actions

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This table lists all chemical substances and mixtures that are and/or have been the subject of final TSCA Section 4 test rules and/or TSCA Section 4 enforceable consent agreements/orders (ECAs) issued under the TSCA Existing Chemicals Testing Program.

A swept wing panel in a low speed flexible walled test section

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Goodyer, M. J.

1987-01-01

The testing of two-dimensional airfoil sections in adaptive wall tunnels is relatively widespread and has become routine at all speeds up to transonic. In contrast, the experience with the three-dimensional testing of swept panels in adaptive wall test sections is very limited, except for some activity in the 1940's at NPL, London. The current interest in testing swept wing panels led to the work covered by this report, which describes the design of an adaptive-wall swept-wing test section for a low speed wind tunnel and gives test results for a wing panel swept at 40 deg. The test section has rigid flat sidewalls supporting the panel, and features flexible top and bottom wall with ribs swept at the same angle as the wing. When streamlined, the walls form waves swept at the same angle as the wing. The C sub L (-) curve for the swept wing, determined from its pressure distributions taken with the walls streamlined, compare well with reference data which was taken on the same model, unswept, in a test section deep enough to avoid wall interference.

A design method for entrance sections of transonic wind tunnels with rectangular cross sections

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lionel, L.; Mcdevitt, J. B.

1975-01-01

A mathematical technique developed to design entrance sections for transonic or high-speed subsonic wind tunnels with rectangular cross sections is discribed. The transition from a circular cross-section setting chamber to a rectangular test section is accomplished smoothly so as not to introduce secondary flows (vortices or boundary-layer separation) into a uniform test stream. The results of static-pressure measurements in the transition region and of static and total-pressure surveys in the test section of a pilot model for a new facility at the Ames Research Center are presented.

Operating envelope charts for the Langley 0.3-meter transonic cryogenic wind tunnel

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rallo, R. A.; Dress, D. A.; Siegle, H. J. A.

1986-01-01

To take full advantage of the unique Reynolds number capabilities of the 0.3-meter Transonic Cryogenic Tunnel (0.3-m TCT) at the NASA Langley Research Center, it was designed to accommodate test sections other than the original, octagonal, three-dimensional test section. A 20- by 60-cm two-dimensional test section was installed in 1976 and was extensively used, primarily for airfoil testing, through the fall of 1984. The tunnel was inactive during 1985 so that a new test section and improved high speed diffuser could be installed in the tunnel circuit. The new test section has solid adaptive top and bottom walls to reduce or eliminate wall interference for two-dimensional testing. The test section is 33- by 33-cm in cross section at the entrance and is 142 cm long. In the planning and running of past airfoil tests in the 0.3-m TCT, the use of operating envelope charts have proven very useful. These charts give the variation of total temperature and pressure with Mach number and Reynolds number. The operating total temperature range of the 0.3-m TCT is from about 78 K to 327 K with total pressures ranging from about 17.5 psia to 88 psia. This report presents the operating envelope charts for the 0.3-m TCT with the adaptive wall tes t section installed. They were all generated based on a 1-foot chord model. The Mach numbers vary from 0.1 to 0.95.

Staffing benchmarks for clinical laboratories: a College of American Pathologists Q-Probes study of laboratory staffing at 98 institutions.

PubMed

Jones, Bruce A; Darcy, Teresa; Souers, Rhona J; Meier, Frederick A

2012-02-01

Publicly available information concerning laboratory staffing benchmarks is scarce. One of the few publications on this topic summarized the findings of a Q-Probes study performed in 2004. This publication reports a similar survey with data collected in 2010. To assess the relationship between staffing levels in specified laboratory sections and test volumes in these sections and quantify management span of control. The study defined 4 laboratory sections: anatomic pathology (including cytology), chemistry/hematology/immunology, microbiology, and transfusion medicine. It divided staff into 3 categories: management, nonmanagement (operational or bench staff), and doctoral (MD, PhD) supervisory staff. People in these categories were tabulated as full-time equivalents and exclusions specified. Tests were counted in uniform formats, specified for each laboratory section, according to Medicare rules for the bundling and unbundling of tests. Ninety-eight participating institutions provided data that showed significant associations between test volumes and staffing for all 4 sections. There was wide variation in productivity based on volume. There was no relationship between testing volume per laboratory section and management span of control. Higher productivity in chemistry/hematology/immunology was associated with a higher fraction of tests coming from nonacute care patients. In both the 2004 and 2010 studies, productivity was inseparably linked to test volume. Higher test volume was associated with higher productivity ratios in chemistry/hematology/immunology and transfusion medicine sections. The impact of various testing services on productivity is section-specific.

Preliminary Options Assessment of Versatile Irradiation Test Reactor

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sen, Ramazan Sonat

The objective of this report is to summarize the work undertaken at INL from April 2016 to January 2017 and aimed at analyzing some options for designing and building a versatile test reactor; the scope of work was agreed upon with DOE-NE. Section 2 presents some results related to KNK II and PRISM Mod A. Section 3 presents some alternatives to the VCTR presented in [ ] as well as a neutronic parametric study to assess the minimum power requirement needed for a 235U metal fueled fast test reactor capable to generate a fast (>100 keV) flux of 4.0 xmore » 1015 n /cm2-s at the test location. Section 4 presents some results regarding a fundamental characteristic of test reactors, namely displacement per atom (dpa) in test samples. Section 5 presents the INL assessment of the ANL fast test reactor design FASTER. Section 6 presents a summary.« less

40 CFR 52.2020 - Identification of plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...)(131). Section 126.303(a) Compliance and test methods 11/1/97 6/8/98, 63 FR 31116 (c)(131). Subchapter...)(229). Section 130.107 Variances 10/5/02 12/8/04, 69 FR 70893 (c)(229). Section 130.108 Test procedures... 70895 (c)(230). Section 130.414 Modification of variance 10/11/08 10/18/10, 75 FR 63717. TEST METHODS...

Aerofoil testing in a self-streamlining flexible walled wind tunnel. Ph.D. Thesis - Jul. 1987

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lewis, Mark Charles

1988-01-01

Two-dimensional self-streamlining flexible walled test sections eliminate, as far as experimentally possible, the top and bottom wall interference effects in transonic airfoil testing. The test section sidewalls are rigid, while the impervious top and bottom walls are flexible and contoured to streamline shapes by a system of jacks, without reference to the airfoil model. The concept of wall contouring to eliminate or minimize test section boundary interference in 2-D testing was first demonstrated by NPL in England during the early 40's. The transonic streamlining strategy proposed, developed and used by NPL has been compared with several modern strategies. The NPL strategy has proved to be surprisingly good at providing a wall interference-free test environment, giving model performance indistinguishable from that obtained using the modern strategies over a wide range of test conditions. In all previous investigations the achievement of wall streamlining in flexible walled test sections has been limited to test sections up to those resulting in the model's shock just extending to a streamlined wall. This work however, has also successfully demonstrated the feasibility of 2-D wall streamlining at test conditions where both model shocks have reached and penetrated through their respective flexible walls. Appropriate streamlining procedures have been established and are uncomplicated, enabling flexible walled test sections to cope easily with these high transonic flows.

Validation of TxDOT flexible pavement skid prediction model : project summary.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-01-01

This study had two main objectives: : Investigate and examine surface and friction characteristics of 35 test sections of asphalt mixtures and 35 test sections of surface-treated roads in Texas. The test sections covered a wide range of mixtures ...

40 CFR 600.111-08 - Test procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Test procedures. 600.111-08 Section... Emission Test Procedures § 600.111-08 Test procedures. This section describes test procedures for the FTP, highway fuel economy test (HFET), US06, SC03, and the cold temperature FTP tests. Perform testing...

Impact evaluation of composite floor sections

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Boitnott, Richard L.; Fasanella, Edwin L.

1989-01-01

Graphite-epoxy floor sections representative of aircraft fuselage construction were statically and dynamically tested to evaluate their response to crash loadings. These floor sections were fabricated using a frame-stringer design typical of present aluminum aircraft without features to enhance crashworthiness. The floor sections were tested as part of a systematic research program developed to study the impact response of composite components of increasing complexity. The ultimate goal of the research program is to develop crashworthy design features for future composite aircraft. Initially, individual frames of six-foot diameter were tested both statically and dynamically. The frames were then used to construct built-up floor sections for dynamic tests at impact velocities of approximately 20 feet/sec to simulate survivable crash velocities. In addition, static tests were conducted to gain a better understanding of the failure mechanisms seen in the dynamic tests.

True or False? Tests Stink!

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Romain, Trevor; Verdick, Elizabeth

This book is designed to help students become better test takers. It helps them feel more confident and less stressed before, during, and after the test. Section 1, "Tests? Blech!" discusses why it is necessary to test students. Section 2, "Test SOS," presents test-taking hints; top secret information about tests and student behavior during tests;…

Combining an experimental study and ANFIS modeling to predict landfill leachate transport in underlying soil-a case study in north of Iran.

PubMed

Yousefi Kebria, D; Ghavami, M; Javadi, S; Goharimanesh, M

2017-12-16

In the contemporary world, urbanization and progressive industrial activities increase the rate of waste material generated in many developed countries. Municipal solid waste landfills (MSWs) are designed to dispose the waste from urban areas. However, discharged landfill leachate, the soluble water mixture that filters through solid waste landfills, can potentially migrate into the soil and affect living organisms by making harmful biological changes in the ecosystem. Due to well-documented landfill problems involving contamination, it is necessary to investigate the long-term influence of discharged leachate on the consistency of the soil beds beneath MSW landfills. To do so, the current study collected vertical deep core samples from different locations in the same unlined landfill. The impacts of effluent leachate on physical and chemical properties of the soil and its propagation depth were studied, and the leachate-transport pattern between successive boreholes was predicted by a developed mathematical model using an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). The decomposition of organic leachate admixtures in the landfill yield is to produce organic acids as well as carbon dioxide, which diminishes the pH level of the landfill soil. The chemical analysis of discharged leachate in the soil samples showed that the concentrations of heavy metals are much lower than those of chloride, COD, BOD 5 , and bicarbonate. Using linear regression and mean square errors between the measured and predicted data, the accuracy of the proposed ANFIS model has been validated. Results show a high correlation between observed and predicated data.

Soil chemistry and pollution study of a closed landfill site at Ampar Tenang, Selangor, Malaysia.

PubMed

Mohd Adnan, Siti Nur Syahirah Binti; Yusoff, Sumiani; Piaw, Chua Yan

2013-06-01

A total of 20 landfills are located in State of Selangor, Malaysia. This includes the Ampar Tenang landfill site, which was closed on 26 January 2010. It was reported that the landfill has been upgraded to a level I type of sanitary classification. However, the dumpsite area is not being covered according to the classification. In addition, municipal solid waste was dumped directly on top of the unlined natural alluvium formation. This does not only contaminate surface and subsurface soils, but also initiates the potential risk of groundwater pollution. Based on previous studies, the Ampar Tenang soil has been proven to no longer be capable of preventing pollution migration. In this study, metal concentrations of soil samples up to 30 m depth were analyzed based on statistical analysis. It is very significant because research of this type has not been carried out before. The subsurface soils were significantly polluted by arsenic (As), lead (Pb), iron (Fe), copper (Cu) and aluminium (Al). As and Pb exceeded the safe limit values of 5.90 mg/kg and 31.00 mg/kg, respectively, based on Provincial Sediment Quality Guidelines for Metals and the Interim Sediment Quality Values. Furthermore, only Cu concentrations showed a significantly decreasing trend with increasing depth. Most metals were found on clay-type soils based on the cluster analysis method. Moreover, the analysis also differentiates two clusters: cluster I-Pb, As, zinc, Cu, manganese, calcium, sodium, magnesium, potassium and Fe; cluster II-Al. Different clustering may suggest a different contamination source of metals.

Iodine-129 in the Snake River Plain aquifer at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho

USGS Publications Warehouse

Mann, L.J.; Chew, E.W.; Morton, J.S.; Randolph, R.B.

1988-01-01

From 1953 to 1983, an estimated 0.01 to 0.136 Ci (curies)/year of iodine-129 were contained in wastewater generated by the ICPP (Idaho Chemical Processing Plant) at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory. The wastewater was directly discharged to the Snake River Plain aquifer through a deep disposal well until February 9, 1984, when the well was replaced by an unlined infiltration pond; a second pond was put into use on October 17, 1985. For 1984-86, the annual amount of iodine-129 in wastewater discharged to the ponds ranged from 0.0064 to 0.039 Ci. In August 1986, iodine-129 concentrations in water from 35 wells near the ICPP ranged from less than the reporting level to 3.6 +or-0.4 pCi/L (picocuries/L). By comparison, in April 1977 the water from 20 wells contained a maximum of 27 +or-1 pCi/L of iodine-129; in 1981, the maximum concentration in water from 32 wells was 41 +or-2 pCi/L. The average concentrations of iodine-129 in water from 18 wells that were sampled in 1977, 1981 and 1986 were 4.0, 6.7 and 1.3 pCi/L, respectively. The marked decrease in the iodine-129 concentration from 1981 to 1986 is the result of three factors: (1) The amount of iodine-129 disposed annually; (2) a change from the routine use of the disposal well to the infiltration ponds; and (3) a dilution of the iodine-129 in the aquifer by recharge from the Big Lost River. (USGS)

Assessment of bisphenol A released from reusable plastic, aluminium and stainless steel water bottles.

PubMed

Cooper, James E; Kendig, Eric L; Belcher, Scott M

2011-10-01

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a ubiquitous high volume industrial chemical that is an estrogen and an environmental endocrine disrupting chemical. Bisphenol A is used extensively in the production of consumer goods, polycarbonate plastics, epoxy resins and coatings used to line metallic food and beverage cans. There is great concern regarding the possible harmful effects from exposures that result from BPA leaching into foods and beverages from packaging or storage containers. The objective of this study was to independently assess whether BPA contamination of water was occurring from different types of reusable drinking bottles marketed as alternatives to BPA-containing polycarbonate plastics. Using a sensitive and quantitative BPA-specific competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay we evaluated whether BPA migrated into water stored in polycarbonate or copolyester plastic bottles, and different lined or unlined metallic reusable water bottles. At room temperature the concentration of BPA migrating from polycarbonate bottles ranged from 0.2 to 0.3 mg L⁻¹. Under identical conditions BPA migration from aluminium bottles lined with epoxy-based resins was variable depending on manufacturer ranging from 0.08 to 1.9 mg L⁻¹. Boiling water significantly increased migration of BPA from the epoxy lined bottles. No detectable BPA contamination was observed in water stored in bottles made from Tritan™ copolyester plastic, uncoated stainless steel, or aluminium lined with EcoCare™. The results from this study demonstrate that when used according to manufacturers' recommendations reusable water bottles constructed from "BPA-free" alternative materials are suitable for consumption of beverages free of BPA contamination. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Assessment of Bisphenol A Released from Reusable Plastic, Aluminium and Stainless Steel Water Bottles

PubMed Central

Cooper, James E.; Kendig, Eric L.; Belcher, Scott M.

2011-01-01

Bisphenol A(BPA) is a ubiquitous high volume industrial chemical that is an estrogen and an environmental endocrine disrupting chemical. Bisphenol A is used extensively in the production of consumer goods, polycarbonate plastics, epoxy resins, coating used to line metallic food and beverage cans, and other products.There is great concern regarding the possible harmful effects from exposures that result from BPAleaching into foods and beverages from packaging or storage containers. The objective of this study was to independently assesswhether BPA contamination of water was occurring from different types of reusable drinking bottlesmarketed as alternatives to BPA-containing polycarbonate plastics. Using a sensitive and quantitative BPA-specific competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assaywe evaluated whether BPA migrated into water stored inpolycarbonateor copolyester plastic bottles, and different lined or unlined metallic reusable water bottles. At room temperature the concentration of BPA migrating from polycarbonate bottles ranged from 0.2–0.3 mg/L. Under identical conditions BPA migration from aluminium bottles lined with epoxy-based resins was variable depending on manufacturer ranging from 0.08 to 1.9 mg/L.Boiling water significantly increased migration of BPA from the epoxy lined bottles. No detectable BPA contamination was observed in water stored in bottles made from Tritan™ copolyester plastic, uncoated stainless steel, or aluminium lined with EcoCare™. The results from this study demonstrate that when used according to manufactures’ recommendations reusable water bottles constructed from “BPA-free” alternative materials are suitable for consumption of beverages free of BPA contamination. PMID:21741673

216-B-3 expansion ponds closure plan

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1994-10-01

This document describes the activities for clean closure under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA) of the 216-B-3 Expansion Ponds. The 216-B-3 Expansion Ponds are operated by the US Department of Energy, Richland Operations Office (DOE-RL) and co-operated by Westinghouse Hanford Company (Westinghouse Hanford). The 216-B-3 Expansion Ponds consists of a series of three earthen, unlined, interconnected ponds that receive waste water from various 200 East Area operating facilities. The 3A, 3B, and 3C ponds are referred to as Expansion Ponds because they expanded the capability of the B Pond System. Waste water (primarily cooling water, steammore » condensate, and sanitary water) from various 200 East Area facilities is discharged to the Bypass pipe (Project X-009). Water discharged to the Bypass pipe flows directly into the 216-B-3C Pond. The ponds were operated in a cascade mode, where the Main Pond overflowed into the 3A Pond and the 3A Pond overflowed into the 3C Pond. The 3B Pond has not received waste water since May 1985; however, when in operation, the 3B Pond received overflow from the 3A Pond. In the past, waste water discharges to the Expansion Ponds had the potential to have contained mixed waste (radioactive waste and dangerous waste). The radioactive portion of mixed waste has been interpreted by the US Department of Energy (DOE) to be regulated under the Atomic Energy Act of 1954; the dangerous waste portion of mixed waste is regulated under RCRA.« less

Material flows of mobile phones and accessories in Nigeria: Environmental implications and sound end-of-life management options

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Osibanjo, Oladele; Nnorom, Innocent Chidi

Presently, Nigeria is one of the fastest growing Telecom markets in the world. The country's teledensity increased from a mere 0.4 in 1999 to 10 in 2005 following the liberalization of the Telecom sector in 2001. More than 25 million new digital mobile lines have been connected by June 2006. Large quantities of mobile phones and accessories including secondhand and remanufactured products are being imported to meet the pent-up demand. This improvement in mobile telecom services resulted in the preference of mobile telecom services to fixed lines. Consequently, the contribution of fixed lines decreased from about 95% in year 2000more » to less than 10% in March 2005. This phenomenal progress in information technology has resulted in the generation of large quantities of electronic waste (e-waste) in the country. Abandoned fixed line telephone sets estimated at 120,000 units are either disposed or stockpiled. Increasing quantities of waste mobile phones estimated at 8 million units by 2007, and accessories will be generated. With no material recovery facility for e-waste and/or appropriate solid waste management infrastructure in place, these waste materials end up in open dumps and unlined landfills. These practices create the potential for the release of toxic metals and halocarbons from batteries, printed wiring boards, liquid crystal display and plastic housing units. This paper presents an overview of the developments in the Nigerian Telecom sector, the material in-flow of mobile phones, and the implications of the management practices for wastes from the Telecom sector in the country.« less

Spring 2014 Internship Diffuser Data Analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Laigaie, Robert T.; Ryan, Harry M.

2014-01-01

J-2X engine testing on the A-2 test stand at the NASA John C. Stennis Space Center (SSC) has recently concluded. As part of that test campaign, the engine was operated at lower power levels in support of expanding the use of J-2X to other missions. However, the A-2 diffuser was not designed for engine testing at the proposed low power levels. To evaluate the risk of damage to the diffuser, computer simulations were created of the rocket engine exhaust plume inside the 50ft long, water-cooled, altitude-simulating diffuser. The simulations predicted that low power level testing would cause the plume to oscillate in the lower sections of the diffuser. This can possibly cause excessive vibrations, stress, and heat transfer from the plume to the diffuser walls. To understand and assess the performance of the diffuser during low power level engine testing, nine accelerometers and four strain gages were installed around the outer surface of the diffuser. The added instrumentation also allowed for the verification of the rocket exhaust plume computational model. Prior to engine hot-fire testing, a diffuser water-flow test was conducted to verify the proper operation of the newly installed instrumentation. Subsequently, two J-2X engine hot-fire tests were completed. Hot-Fire Test 1 was 11.5 seconds in duration, and accelerometer and strain data verified that the rocket engine plume oscillated in the lower sections of the diffuser. The accelerometers showed very different results dependent upon location. The diffuser consists of four sections, with Section 1 being closest to the engine nozzle and Section 4 being farthest from the engine nozzle. Section 1 accelerometers showed increased amplitudes at startup and shutdown, but low amplitudes while the diffuser was started. Section 3 accelerometers showed the opposite results with near zero G amplitudes prior to and after diffuser start and peak amplitudes to +/- 100G while the diffuser was started. Hot-Fire Test 1 strain gages showed different data dependent on section. Section 1 strains were small, and were in the range of 50 to 150 microstrain, which would result in stresses from 1.45 to 4.35 ksi. The yield stress of the material, A-285 Grade C Steel, is 29.7 ksi. Section 4 strain gages showed much higher values with strains peaking at 1600 microstrain. This strain corresponds to a stress of 46.41 ksi, which is in excess of the yield stress, but below the ultimate stress of 55 to 75 ksi. The decreased accelerations and strain in Section 1, and the increased accelerations and strain in Sections 3 and 4 verified the computer simulation prediction of increased plume oscillations in the lower sections of the diffuser. Hot-Fire Test 2 ran for a duration of 125 seconds. The engine operated at a slightly higher power level than Hot-Fire Test 1 for the initial 35 seconds of the test. After 35 seconds the power level was lowered to Hot-Fire Test 1 levels. The acceleration and strain data for Hot-Fire Test 2 was similar during the initial part of the test. However, just prior to the engine being lowered to the Hot-Fire Test 1 power level, the strain gage data in Section 4 showed a large decrease to strains near zero microstrain from their peak at 1500 microstrain. Future work includes further strain and acceleration data analysis and evaluation.

40 CFR 52.2520 - Identification of plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Pretest and Post Test General Requirements 8/31/00 8/11/03; 68 FR 47473 (c)(56). Section 8 Heat Input Data... CSR 2 AppendixCompliance Test Procedures for 45 CSR 2 Section 1 General 8/31/00 8/11/03; 68 FR 47473 (c)(56). Section 3 Symbols 8/31/00 8/11/03; 68 FR 47473 (c)(56). Section 4 Adoption of Test Methods 8...

40 CFR 52.2520 - Identification of plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Pretest and Post Test General Requirements 8/31/00 8/11/03; 68 FR 47473 (c)(56). Section 8 Heat Input Data... CSR 2 AppendixCompliance Test Procedures for 45 CSR 2 Section 1 General 8/31/00 8/11/03; 68 FR 47473 (c)(56). Section 3 Symbols 8/31/00 8/11/03; 68 FR 47473 (c)(56). Section 4 Adoption of Test Methods 8...

40 CFR 52.2520 - Identification of plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Pretest and Post Test General Requirements 8/31/00 8/11/03; 68 FR 47473 (c)(56). Section 8 Heat Input Data... CSR 2 AppendixCompliance Test Procedures for 45 CSR 2 Section 1 General 8/31/00 8/11/03; 68 FR 47473 (c)(56). Section 3 Symbols 8/31/00 8/11/03; 68 FR 47473 (c)(56). Section 4 Adoption of Test Methods 8...

40 CFR 52.2520 - Identification of plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Pretest and Post Test General Requirements 8/31/00 8/11/03; 68 FR 47473 (c)(56). Section 8 Heat Input Data... CSR 2 AppendixCompliance Test Procedures for 45 CSR 2 Section 1 General 8/31/00 8/11/03; 68 FR 47473 (c)(56). Section 3 Symbols 8/31/00 8/11/03; 68 FR 47473 (c)(56). Section 4 Adoption of Test Methods 8...

40 CFR 52.2520 - Identification of plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... FR 47473 (c)(56). Section 7 Pretest and Post Test General Requirements 8/31/00 8/11/03; 68 FR 47473... 8/11/03; 68 FR 47473 (c)(56). 45 CSR 2 AppendixCompliance Test Procedures for 45 CSR 2 Section 1...). Section 4 Adoption of Test Methods 8/31/00 8/11/03; 68 FR 47473 (c)(56). Section 5 Unit Load and Fuel...

40 CFR Appendix A to Part 282 - State Requirements Incorporated by Reference in Part 282 of the Code of Federal Regulations

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... test of self-insurance Section 11-281-97Guarantee Section 11-281-98Insurance and risk retention group... 1111Financial Test of Self-Insurance Section 1113Guarantee Section 1115Insurance and Risk Retention Group... mechanisms 280.95Financial test of self-insurance 280.96Guarantee 280.97Insurance and risk retention group...

40 CFR Appendix A to Part 282 - State Requirements Incorporated by Reference in Part 282 of the Code of Federal Regulations

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... test of self-insurance Section 11-281-97Guarantee Section 11-281-98Insurance and risk retention group... 1111Financial Test of Self-Insurance Section 1113Guarantee Section 1115Insurance and Risk Retention Group... mechanisms 280.95Financial test of self-insurance 280.96Guarantee 280.97Insurance and risk retention group...

40 CFR Appendix A to Part 282 - State Requirements Incorporated by Reference in Part 282 of the Code of Federal Regulations

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... test of self-insurance Section 11-281-97Guarantee Section 11-281-98Insurance and risk retention group... 1111Financial Test of Self-Insurance Section 1113Guarantee Section 1115Insurance and Risk Retention Group... mechanisms 280.95Financial test of self-insurance 280.96Guarantee 280.97Insurance and risk retention group...

40 CFR Appendix A to Part 282 - State Requirements Incorporated by Reference in Part 282 of the Code of Federal Regulations

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... test of self-insurance Section 11-281-97Guarantee Section 11-281-98Insurance and risk retention group... 1111Financial Test of Self-Insurance Section 1113Guarantee Section 1115Insurance and Risk Retention Group... mechanisms 280.95Financial test of self-insurance 280.96Guarantee 280.97Insurance and risk retention group...

40 CFR Appendix A to Part 282 - State Requirements Incorporated by Reference in Part 282 of the Code of Federal Regulations

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... test of self-insurance Section 11-281-97Guarantee Section 11-281-98Insurance and risk retention group... 1111Financial Test of Self-Insurance Section 1113Guarantee Section 1115Insurance and Risk Retention Group... mechanisms 280.95Financial test of self-insurance 280.96Guarantee 280.97Insurance and risk retention group...

40 CFR 799.9355 - TSCA reproduction/developmental toxicity screening test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... toxicity screening test. 799.9355 Section 799.9355 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION... AND MIXTURE TESTING REQUIREMENTS Health Effects Test Guidelines § 799.9355 TSCA reproduction/developmental toxicity screening test. (a) Scope—(1) Applicability. This section is intended to meet testing...

40 CFR 799.9355 - TSCA reproduction/developmental toxicity screening test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... toxicity screening test. 799.9355 Section 799.9355 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION... AND MIXTURE TESTING REQUIREMENTS Health Effects Test Guidelines § 799.9355 TSCA reproduction/developmental toxicity screening test. (a) Scope—(1) Applicability. This section is intended to meet testing...

Flow quality studies of the NASA Lewis Research Center Icing Research Tunnel

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Arrington, E. Allen; Pickett, Mark T.; Sheldon, David W.

1994-01-01

A series of studies have been conducted to determine the flow quality in the NASA Lewis Icing Research Tunnel. The primary purpose of these studies was to document airflow characteristics, including flow angularity, in the test section and tunnel loop. A vertically mounted rake was used to survey total and static pressure and two components of flow angle at three axial stations within the test section (test section inlet, test plane, and test section exit; 15 survey stations total). This information will be used to develop methods of improving the aerodynamic and icing characteristics within the test section. The data from surveys made in the tunnel loop were used to determine areas where overall tunnel flow quality and efficiency can be improved. A separate report documents similar flow quality surveys conducted in the diffuser section of the Icing Research Tunnel. The flow quality studies were conducted at several locations around the tunnel loop. Pressure, velocity, and flow angularity measurements were made by using both fixed and translating probes. Although surveys were made throughout the tunnel loop, emphasis was placed on the test section and tunnel areas directly upstream of the test section (settling chamber, bellmouth, and cooler). Flow visualization, by video recording smoke and tuft patterns, was also used during these studies. A great deal of flow visualization work was conducted in the area of the drive fan. Information gathered there will be used to improve the flow quality upstream and downstream of the fan.

26 CFR 1.401(m)-2 - ACP test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 5 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false ACP test. 1.401(m)-2 Section 1.401(m)-2 Internal... TAXES (CONTINUED) Pension, Profit-Sharing, Stock Bonus Plans, Etc. § 1.401(m)-2 ACP test. (a) Actual... under paragraph (a)(1) of this section either— (A) Pursuant to section 401(m)(5)(C), the ACP test is...

SLS Engine Section Test Article Moves From NASA Barge Pegasus To Test Stand at NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-05-18

The NASA barge Pegasus made its first trip to NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama on May 15. It arrived carrying the first piece of Space Launch System hardware built at NASA's Michoud Assembly Facility in New Orleans. The barge left Michoud on April 28 with the core stage engine section test article, traveling 1,240 miles by river to Marshall. The rocket's engine section is the bottom of the core stage and houses the four RS-25 engines. The engine section test article was moved from the barge to Marshall’s Building 4619 where it will be tested. The bottom part of the test article is structurally the same as the engine section that will be flown as part of the SLS core stage. The shiny metal top part simulates the rocket's liquid hydrogen tank, which is the fuel tank that joins to the engine section. The test article will endure tests that pull, push, and bend it, subjecting it to millions of pounds of force. This ensures the structure can withstand the incredible stresses produced by the 8.8 million pounds of thrust during launch and ascent.

Vertical drop test of a transport fuselage center section including the wheel wells

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Williams, M. S.; Hayduk, R. J.

1983-01-01

A Boeing 707 fuselage section was drop tested to measure structural, seat, and anthropomorphic dummy response to vertical crash loads. The specimen had nominally zero pitch, roll and yaw at impact with a sink speed of 20 ft/sec. Results from this drop test and other drop tests of different transport sections will be used to prepare for a full-scale crash test of a B-720.

Assessment of nonpoint-source contamination of the High Plains Aquifer in south-central Kansas, 1987

USGS Publications Warehouse

Helgesen, John O.; Stullken, Lloyd E.; Rutledge, A.T.

1994-01-01

Ground-water quality was assessed in a 5,000-square-mile area of the High Plains aquifer in south-central Kansas that is susceptible to nonpoint-source contamination from agricultural and petroleum-production activities. Of particular interest was the presence of agricultural chemicals and petroleum-derived hydrocarbons that might have been associated with brines that formerly were disposed into unlined ponds. Random sampling of ground water was done within a framework of discrete land-use areas (irrigated cropland, petroleum-production land containing former brine-disposal ponds, and undeveloped rangeland) of 3-10 square miles. Although true baseline water-quality conditions probably are rare, in this region they are represented most closely by ground water in areas of undeveloped rangeland. The sampling design enabled statistical hypothesis testing, using nonparametric procedures, of the effects of land use, unsaturated-zone lithology, and type of well sampled. Results indicate that regional ground-water quality has been affected by prevailing land-use activities, as shown by increased concentrations of several inorganic constituents. Ground water beneath irrigated cropland was characterized by significantly larger concentrations of hardness, alkalinity, calcium, magnesium, potassium, fluofide, and nitrite plus nitrate than was water beneath undeveloped rangeland. Few nondegraded pesticides were detected in the aquifer, probably because of degradation and sorption. Atrazine was the most common, but only in small concentrations. round water beneath petroleum-production land was characterized by significantly larger concentrations of hardness, alkalinity, dissolved solids, sodium, and chloride than was water beneath undeveloped rangeland. Nonpoint-source contamination by oil-derived hydrocarbons was not discernible. The occurrences of trace organic compounds were similar between petroleum-production land and undeveloped rangeland, which indicates a natural origin for these compounds. The unsaturated zone in the study area is lithologically heterogeneous and contains substantial amounts of clay that inhibit the downward movement of water and solutes. Within the aquifer, the rate of lateral regional flow and solute transport is slow enough so that the ground-water quality reflects overlying land use in discrete areas of several square miles, but it is still sufficiently rapid so that the type of well sampled is not important in regional characterizations of water quality beneath irrigated cropland; the seasonal pumping of irrigation wells does not appear to divert regional flow enough to cause substantial local anomalies of more mineralized ground water.

Measurements of Wheel/Rail Loads on Class 5 Track

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1980-02-01

Measurements have been made on two tangent test sections and a curved test section to characterize the wheel/rail load environment on Class 5 track. The tangent-track test sections included a 3-mile length of bolted-joint rail under a 3-mile length o...

40 CFR 600.111-08 - Test procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 29 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Test procedures. 600.111-08 Section... Model Year Automobiles-Test Procedures § 600.111-08 Test procedures. This section provides test procedures for the FTP, highway, US06, SC03, and the cold temperature FTP tests. Testing shall be performed...

Augmented Cross-Sectional Studies with Abbreviated Follow-up for Estimating HIV Incidence

PubMed Central

Claggett, B.; Lagakos, S.W.; Wang, R.

2011-01-01

Summary Cross-sectional HIV incidence estimation based on a sensitive and less-sensitive test offers great advantages over the traditional cohort study. However, its use has been limited due to concerns about the false negative rate of the less-sensitive test, reflecting the phenomenon that some subjects may remain negative permanently on the less-sensitive test. Wang and Lagakos (2010) propose an augmented cross-sectional design which provides one way to estimate the size of the infected population who remain negative permanently and subsequently incorporate this information in the cross-sectional incidence estimator. In an augmented cross-sectional study, subjects who test negative on the less-sensitive test in the cross-sectional survey are followed forward for transition into the nonrecent state, at which time they would test positive on the less-sensitive test. However, considerable uncertainty exists regarding the appropriate length of follow-up and the size of the infected population who remain nonreactive permanently to the less-sensitive test. In this paper, we assess the impact of varying follow-up time on the resulting incidence estimators from an augmented cross-sectional study, evaluate the robustness of cross-sectional estimators to assumptions about the existence and the size of the subpopulation who will remain negative permanently, and propose a new estimator based on abbreviated follow-up time (AF). Compared to the original estimator from an augmented cross-sectional study, the AF Estimator allows shorter follow-up time and does not require estimation of the mean window period, defined as the average time between detectability of HIV infection with the sensitive and less-sensitive tests. It is shown to perform well in a wide range of settings. We discuss when the AF Estimator would be expected to perform well and offer design considerations for an augmented cross-sectional study with abbreviated follow-up. PMID:21668904

Augmented cross-sectional studies with abbreviated follow-up for estimating HIV incidence.

PubMed

Claggett, B; Lagakos, S W; Wang, R

2012-03-01

Cross-sectional HIV incidence estimation based on a sensitive and less-sensitive test offers great advantages over the traditional cohort study. However, its use has been limited due to concerns about the false negative rate of the less-sensitive test, reflecting the phenomenon that some subjects may remain negative permanently on the less-sensitive test. Wang and Lagakos (2010, Biometrics 66, 864-874) propose an augmented cross-sectional design that provides one way to estimate the size of the infected population who remain negative permanently and subsequently incorporate this information in the cross-sectional incidence estimator. In an augmented cross-sectional study, subjects who test negative on the less-sensitive test in the cross-sectional survey are followed forward for transition into the nonrecent state, at which time they would test positive on the less-sensitive test. However, considerable uncertainty exists regarding the appropriate length of follow-up and the size of the infected population who remain nonreactive permanently to the less-sensitive test. In this article, we assess the impact of varying follow-up time on the resulting incidence estimators from an augmented cross-sectional study, evaluate the robustness of cross-sectional estimators to assumptions about the existence and the size of the subpopulation who will remain negative permanently, and propose a new estimator based on abbreviated follow-up time (AF). Compared to the original estimator from an augmented cross-sectional study, the AF estimator allows shorter follow-up time and does not require estimation of the mean window period, defined as the average time between detectability of HIV infection with the sensitive and less-sensitive tests. It is shown to perform well in a wide range of settings. We discuss when the AF estimator would be expected to perform well and offer design considerations for an augmented cross-sectional study with abbreviated follow-up. © 2011, The International Biometric Society.

Project W-320 acceptance test report for AY-farm electrical distribution

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bevins, R.R.

1998-04-02

This Acceptance Test Procedure (ATP) has been prepared to demonstrate that the AY-Farm Electrical Distribution System functions as required by the design criteria. This test is divided into three parts to support the planned construction schedule; Section 8 tests Mini-Power Pane AY102-PPI and the EES; Section 9 tests the SSS support systems; Section 10 tests the SSS and the Multi-Pak Group Control Panel. This test does not include the operation of end-use components (loads) supplied from the distribution system. Tests of the end-use components (loads) will be performed by other W-320 ATPs.

40 CFR 600.111-08 - Test procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 31 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Test procedures. 600.111-08 Section... Emission Test Procedures § 600.111-08 Test procedures. This section provides test procedures for the FTP, highway, US06, SC03, and the cold temperature FTP tests. Testing shall be performed according to test...

Design of Test Loops for Forced Convection Heat Transfer Studies at Supercritical State

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Balouch, Masih N.

Worldwide research is being conducted to improve the efficiency of nuclear power plants by using supercritical water (SCW) as the working fluid. One such SCW reactor considered for future development is the CANDU-Supercritical Water Reactor (CANDU-SCWR). For safe and accurate design of the CANDU-SCWR, a detailed knowledge of forced-convection heat transfer in SCW is required. For this purpose, two supercritical fluid loops, i.e. a SCW loop and an R-134a loop are developed at Carleton University. The SCW loop is designed to operate at pressures as high as 28 MPa, temperatures up to 600 °C and mass fluxes of up to 3000 kg/m2s. The R-134a loop is designed to operate at pressures as high as 6 MPa, temperatures up to 140 °C and mass fluxes in the range of 500-6000 kg/m2s. The test loops designs allow for up to 300 kW of heating power to be imparted to the fluid. Both test loops are of the closed-loop design, where flow circulation is achieved by a centrifugal pump in the SCW loop and three parallel-connected gear pumps in the R-134a loop, respectively. The test loops are pressurized using a high-pressure nitrogen cylinder and accumulator assembly, which allows independent control of the pressure, while simultaneously dampening pump induced pressure fluctuations. Heat exchangers located upstream of the pumps control the fluid temperature in the test loops. Strategically located measuring instrumentation provides information on the flow rate, pressure and temperature in the test loops. The test loops have been designed to accommodate a variety of test-section geometries, ranging from a straight circular tube to a seven-rod bundle, achieving heat fluxes up to 2.5 MW/m2 depending on the test-section geometry. The design of both test loops allows for easy reconfiguration of the test-section orientation relative to the gravitational direction. All the test sections are of the directly-heated design, where electric current passing through the pressure retaining walls of the test sections provides the Joule heating required to heat up the fluid to supercritical conditions. A high-temperature dielectric gasket isolates the current carrying parts of the test section from the rest of the assembly. Temperature and pressure drop data are collected at the inlet and outlet, and along the heated length of the test section. The test loops and test sections are designed according to American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Pressure Piping B31.1, and Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII-Division 1 rules. The final test loops and test sections assemblies are certified by Technical Standards and Safety Authority (TSSA). Every attempt is made to use off-the-shelf components where possible in order to streamline the design process and reduce costs. Following a rigorous selection process, stainless steel Types 316 and 316H are selected as the construction materials for the test loops, and Inconel 625 is selected as the construction material for the test sections. This thesis describes the design of the SCW and R-134a loops along with the three test-section geometries (i.e., tubular, annular and bundle designs).

Comparison of a two-dimensional adaptive-wall technique with analytical wall interference correction techniques

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mineck, Raymond E.

1992-01-01

A two dimensional airfoil model was tested in the adaptive wall test section of the NASA Langley 0.3 meter Transonic Cryogenic Tunnel (TCT) and in the ventilated test section of the National Aeronautical Establishment Two Dimensional High Reynold Number Facility (HRNF). The primary goal of the tests was to compare different techniques (adaptive test section walls and classical, analytical corrections) to account for wall interference. Tests were conducted over a Mach number range from 0.3 to 0.8 at chord Reynolds numbers of 10 x 10(exp 6), 15 x 10(exp 6), and 20 x 10(exp 6). The angle of attack was varied from about 12 degrees up to stall. Movement of the top and bottom test section walls was used to account for the wall interference in the HRNF tests. The test results are in good agreement.

26 CFR 1.907(c)-2 - Section 907(c)(3) items (for taxable years beginning after December 31, 1982).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... an amount described in section 907(c)(3)(C). (c) Taxes deemed paid—(1) Voting stock test. Items described in section 907(c)(3) (A) or (C) are FORI only if a deemed-paid-tax test is met under the criteria of section 902 or 960. The purpose of this test is to require minimum direct or indirect ownership by...

Design features and operational characteristics of the Langley 0.3-meter transonic cryogenic tunnel

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kilgore, R. A.

1976-01-01

Experience with the Langley 0.3 meter transonic cryogenic tunnel, which is fan driven, indicated that such a tunnel presents no unusual design difficulties and is simple to operate. Purging, cooldown, and warmup times were acceptable and were predicted with good accuracy. Cooling with liquid nitrogen was practical over a wide range of operating conditions at power levels required for transonic testing, and good temperature distributions were obtained by using a simple liquid nitrogen injection system. To take full advantage of the unique Reynolds number capabilities of the 0.3 meter transonic tunnel, it was designed to accommodate test sections other than the original, octagonal, three dimensional test section. A 20- by 60-cm two dimensional test section was recently installed and is being calibrated. A two dimensional test section with self-streamlining walls and a test section incorporating a magnetic suspension and balance system are being considered.

Time-Lapse Video of SLS Engine Section Test Article Being Stacked at Michoud

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-04-25

This time-lapse video shows the Space Launch System engine section structural qualification test article being stacked at NASA's Michoud Assembly Facility in New Orleans. The rocket's engine section is the bottom of the core stage and houses the four RS-25 engines. The engine section test article was moved to Michoud's Cell A in Building 110 for vertical stacking with hardware that simulates the rocket's liquid hydrogen tank, which is the fuel tank that joins to the engine section. Once stacked, the entire test article will load onto the barge Pegasus and ship to NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama. There, it will be subjected to millions of pounds of force during testing to ensure the hardware can withstand the incredible stresses of launch.

SLS Engine Section Test Article Moved for Stacking at Michoud

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-04-25

Stacking is underway for the Space Launch System core stage engine section structural qualification test article at NASA's Michoud Assembly Facility in New Orleans. The rocket's engine section is the bottom of the core stage and houses the four RS-25 engines. The engine section test article was moved to Michoud's Cell A in Building 110 for vertical stacking with hardware that simulates the rocket's liquid hydrogen tank, which is the fuel tank that joins to the engine section. Once stacked, the entire test article will load onto the barge Pegasus and ship to NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama. There, it will be subjected to millions of pounds of force during testing to ensure the hardware can withstand the incredible stresses of launch.

Fluctuating disturbances in a Mach 5 wind tunnel

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Anders, J. B.; Stainback, P. C.; Beckwith, I. E.; Keefe, L. R.

1976-01-01

An experimental investigation has been conducted to determine the source and nature of disturbances in the settling chamber and test section of a Mach 5 wind tunnel. Various changes in the air supply piping to the wind tunnel are shown to influence the disturbance levels in the settling chamber. These levels were reduced by the use of an acoustic muffler section in the settling chamber. Three nozzles were tested with the same settling chamber and hot-wire measurements indicated that the test section disturbances were entirely acoustic. Significant reductions in the test section noise levels were obtained with an electroplated nozzle utilizing boundary-layer removal upstream of the throat. The source of test section noise is shown to be different for laminar and turbulent nozzle-wall boundary layers.

Large-scale aeroacoustic research feasibility and conceptual design of test-section inserts for the Ames 80- by 120-foot wind tunnel

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Soderman, Paul T.; Olsen, Larry E.

1990-01-01

An engineering feasibility study was made of aeroacoustic inserts designed for large-scale acoustic research on aircraft models in the 80 by 120 foot Wind Tunnel at NASA Ames Research Center. The advantages and disadvantages of likely designs were analyzed. Results indicate that the required maximum airspeed leads to the design of a particular insert. Using goals of 200, 150, and 100 knots airspeed, the analysis indicated a 30 x 60 ft open-jet test section, a 40 x 80 ft open jet test section, and a 70 x 100 ft closed test section with enhanced wall lining, respectively. The open-jet inserts would be composed of a nozzle, collector, diffuser, and acoutic wedges incorporated in the existing 80 x 120 test section. The closed test section would be composed of approximately 5 ft acoustic wedges covered by a porous plate attached to the test section walls of the existing 80 x 120. All designs would require a double row of acoustic vanes between the test section and fan drive to attenuate fan noise and, in the case of the open-jet designs, to control flow separation at the diffuser downstream end. The inserts would allow virtually anechoic acoustic studies of large helicopter models, jets, and V/STOL aircraft models in simulated flight. Model scale studies would be necessary to optimize the aerodynamic and acoustic performance of any of the designs. In all designs studied, the existing structure would have to be reinforced. Successful development of acoustically transparent walls, though not strictly necessary to the project, would lead to a porous-wall test section that could be substituted for any of the open-jet designs, and thereby eliminate many aerodynamic and acoustic problems characteristic of open-jet shear layers. The larger size of the facility would make installation and removal of the insert components difficult. Consequently, scheduling of the existing 80 x 120 aerodynamic test section and scheduling of the open-jet test section would likely be made on an annual or longer basis. The enhanced wall-lining insert would likely be permanent. Although the modifications are technically feasible, the economic practicality of the project was not evaluated.

An evaluation of three helicopter rotor sections

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hicks, R. M.; Collins, L. J.

1985-01-01

Three helicopter rotor sections were tested in the NASA Ames Research Center 2- by 2-Foot Transonic Wind Tunnel over a Mach range from 0.2 to 0.88. The sections tested had maximum thickness/chord ratios of 0.078, 0.09, and 0.10. The thickest section was of early technology and had been tested previously in other wind tunnels. This section was included in the investigation to establish a basis for comparing the two thinner sections, which were of recent design. The results of the investigation showed that the pitching-moment characteristics for the three airfoil sections were acceptable. The drag divergence Mach numbers for the three sections were 0.80, 0.825, and 0.845 in order of decreasing thickness.

A Heated Tube Facility for Rocket Coolant Channel Research

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Green, James M.; Pease, Gary M.; Meyer, Michael L.

1995-01-01

The capabilities of a heated tube facility used for testing rocket engine coolant channels at the NASA Lewis Research Center are presented. The facility uses high current, low voltage power supplies to resistively heat a test section to outer wall temperatures as high as 730 C (1350 F). Liquid or gaseous nitrogen, gaseous helium, or combustible liquids can be used as the test section coolant. The test section is enclosed in a vacuum chamber to minimize heat loss to the surrounding system. Test section geometry, size, and material; coolant properties; and heating levels can be varied to generate heat transfer and coolant performance data bases.

40 CFR 799.9537 - TSCA in vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... aberration test. 799.9537 Section 799.9537 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... MIXTURE TESTING REQUIREMENTS Health Effects Test Guidelines § 799.9537 TSCA in vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test. (a) Scope—(1) Applicability. This section is intended to meet testing requirements under...

49 CFR 173.465 - Type A packaging tests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

..., with contents, must be capable of withstanding the water spray, free drop, stacking and penetration... paragraph (b) of this section are met. (b) Water spray test. The water spray test must precede each test or test sequence prescribed in this section. The water spray test must simulate exposure to rainfall of...

Experimental investigation of the subsonic high-altitude operation of the NASA Lewis 10- by 10-foot supersonic wind tunnel

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hughes, Christopher E.; Jeracki, Robert J.

1988-01-01

An experimental investigation was conducted in the NASA Lewis 10- by 10-Foot Supersonic Wind Tunnel during subsonic tunnel operation in the aerodynamic cycle to determine the test section flow characteristics near the Advanced Turboprop Project propeller model plane of rotation. The investigation used an eight-probe pitot static flow survey rake to measure total and static pressures at two locations in the wind tunnel: the test section and the bellmouth section (upstream of the two-dimensional flexible-wall nozzle). A cone angularity probe was used to measure any flow angularity in the test section. The evaluation was conducted at tunnel Mach numbers from 0.10 to 0.35 and at three operating altitudes from 2,000 to 50,000 ft. which correspond to tunnel reference total pressures from 1960 to 245 psfa, respectively. The results of this experimental investigation indicate a total-pressure loss area in the center of the test section and a static-pressure gradient from the test section centerline to the wall. These total and static pressure differences were observed at all tunnel operating altitudes and diminished at lower tunnel velocities. The total-pressure loss area was also found in the bellmouth section, which indicates that the loss mechanism is not the tunnel flexible-wall nozzle. The flow in the test section is essentially axial since very small flow angles were measured. The results also indicate that a correction to the tunnel total and static pressures must be applied in order to determine accurate freestream conditions at the test section centerline.

Investigating the Value of Section Scores for the "TOEFL iBT"® Test. "TOEFL iBT"® Research Report. TOEFL iBT-21. ETS Research Report RR-13-35

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sawaki, Yasuyo; Sinharay, Sandip

2013-01-01

This study investigates the value of reporting the reading, listening, speaking, and writing section scores for the "TOEFL iBT"® test, focusing on 4 related aspects of the psychometric quality of the TOEFL iBT section scores: reliability of the section scores, dimensionality of the test, presence of distinct score profiles, and the…

SLS Engine Section Test Article Arrives at Marshall on NASA Barge Pegasus

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-05-16

The NASA barge Pegasus made it’s first trip to NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama on May 15. It arrived carrying the first piece of Space Launch System hardware built at NASA's Michoud Assembly Facility in New Orleans. The barge left Michoud on April 28 with the core stage engine section test article, traveling 1,240 miles by river to Marshall. The rocket's engine section is the bottom of the core stage and houses the four RS-25 engines. The engine section test article will be moved to Marshall’s Building 4619 where it will be tested. The bottom part of the test article is structurally the same as the engine section that will be flown as part of the SLS core stage. The shiny metal top part simulates the rocket's liquid hydrogen tank, which is the fuel tank that joins to the engine section. The test article will endure tests that pull, push, and bend it, subjecting it to millions of pounds of force. This ensures the structure can withstand the incredible stresses produced by the 8.8 million pounds of thrust during launch and ascent.

40 CFR 53.43 - Test procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...-sectional area of the test section of the wind tunnel. The mean wind speed in the test section must be... into the wind tunnel and allow the particle concentration to stabilize. (vi) Install an array of five or more evenly spaced isokinetic samplers in the sampling zone (see § 53.42(d)) of the wind tunnel...

40 CFR 53.43 - Test procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...-sectional area of the test section of the wind tunnel. The mean wind speed in the test section must be... into the wind tunnel and allow the particle concentration to stabilize. (vi) Install an array of five or more evenly spaced isokinetic samplers in the sampling zone (see § 53.42(d)) of the wind tunnel...

Acoustical evaluation of the NASA Lewis 9 by 15 foot low speed wind tunnel

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dahl, Milo D.; Woodward, Richard P.

1992-01-01

The test section of the NASA Lewis 9- by 15-Foot Low Speed Wind Tunnel was acoustically treated to allow the measurement of acoustic sources located within the tunnel test section under simulated free field conditions. The treatment was designed for high sound absorption at frequencies above 250 Hz and to withstand tunnel airflow velocities up to 0.2 Mach. Evaluation tests with no tunnel airflow were conducted in the test section to assess the performance of the installed treatment. This performance would not be significantly affected by low speed airflow. Time delay spectrometry tests showed that interference ripples in the incident signal resulting from reflections occurring within the test section average from 1.7 dB to 3.2 dB wide over a 500 to 5150 Hz frequency range. Late reflections, from upstream and downstream of the test section, were found to be insignificant at the microphone measuring points. For acoustic sources with low directivity characteristics, decay with distance measurements in the test section showed that incident free field behavior can be measured on average with an accuracy of +/- 1.5 dB or better at source frequencies from 400 Hz to 10 kHz. The free field variations are typically much smaller with an omnidirectional source.

40 CFR 1033.315 - Test procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 33 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Test procedures. 1033.315 Section 1033... Programs § 1033.315 Test procedures. (a) Test procedures. Use the test procedures described in subpart F of this part, except as specified in this section. (1) You may ask to use other test procedures. We will...

40 CFR 1033.315 - Test procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 34 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Test procedures. 1033.315 Section 1033... Programs § 1033.315 Test procedures. (a) Test procedures. Use the test procedures described in subpart F of this part, except as specified in this section. (1) You may ask to use other test procedures. We will...

16 CFR 1610.6 - Test procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Test procedure. 1610.6 Section 1610.6... FLAMMABILITY OF CLOTHING TEXTILES The Standard § 1610.6 Test procedure. The test procedure is divided into two... according to paragraph (b)(1) of this section. (a) Step 1—Testing in the original state. (1) Tests shall be...

49 CFR 391.31 - Road test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Road test. 391.31 Section 391.31 Transportation... COMBINATION VEHICLE (LCV) DRIVER INSTRUCTORS Tests § 391.31 Road test. (a) Except as provided in subpart G, a... test and has been issued a certificate of driver's road test in accordance with this section. (b) The...

16 CFR 1610.6 - Test procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Test procedure. 1610.6 Section 1610.6... FLAMMABILITY OF CLOTHING TEXTILES The Standard § 1610.6 Test procedure. The test procedure is divided into two... according to paragraph (b)(1) of this section. (a) Step 1—Testing in the original state. (1) Tests shall be...

16 CFR 1610.6 - Test procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Test procedure. 1610.6 Section 1610.6... FLAMMABILITY OF CLOTHING TEXTILES The Standard § 1610.6 Test procedure. The test procedure is divided into two... according to paragraph (b)(1) of this section. (a) Step 1—Testing in the original state. (1) Tests shall be...

40 CFR 1033.315 - Test procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 33 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Test procedures. 1033.315 Section 1033... Programs § 1033.315 Test procedures. (a) Test procedures. Use the test procedures described in subpart F of this part, except as specified in this section. (1) You may ask to use other test procedures. We will...

Residual interference and wind tunnel wall adaption

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mokry, Miroslav

1989-01-01

Measured flow variables near the test section boundaries, used to guide adjustments of the walls in adaptive wind tunnels, can also be used to quantify the residual interference. Because of a finite number of wall control devices (jacks, plenum compartments), the finite test section length, and the approximation character of adaptation algorithms, the unconfined flow conditions are not expected to be precisely attained even in the fully adapted stage. The procedures for the evaluation of residual wall interference are essentially the same as those used for assessing the correction in conventional, non-adaptive wind tunnels. Depending upon the number of flow variables utilized, one can speak of one- or two-variable methods; in two dimensions also of Schwarz- or Cauchy-type methods. The one-variable methods use the measured static pressure and normal velocity at the test section boundary, but do not require any model representation. This is clearly of an advantage for adaptive wall test section, which are often relatively small with respect to the test model, and for the variety of complex flows commonly encountered in wind tunnel testing. For test sections with flexible walls the normal component of velocity is given by the shape of the wall, adjusted for the displacement effect of its boundary layer. For ventilated test section walls it has to be measured by the Calspan pipes, laser Doppler velocimetry, or other appropriate techniques. The interface discontinuity method, also described, is a genuine residual interference assessment technique. It is specific to adaptive wall wind tunnels, where the computation results for the fictitious flow in the exterior of the test section are provided.

Concrete. Course in Carpentry. Workbook and Tests.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

California State Dept. of Education, Sacramento. Bureau of Publications.

This workbook is one of a series of individually bound units of instruction for carpentry apprenticeship classes in a four-year apprenticeship program. It consists of two sections--the workbook section and a test section. The workbook section provides instructional materials on 10 topics: introduction to cement and concrete, specifications for…

26 CFR 1.907(c)-2 - Section 907(c)(3) items (for taxable years beginning after December 31, 1982).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... stock test. Items described in section 907(c)(3) (A) or (C) are FORI only if a deemed-paid-tax test is met under the criteria of section 902 or 960. The purpose of this test is to require minimum direct or... for the item to qualify as FORI in the hands of the domestic corporation. The test is whether a...

26 CFR 1.907(c)-2 - Section 907(c)(3) items (for taxable years beginning after December 31, 1982).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... stock test. Items described in section 907(c)(3) (A) or (C) are FORI only if a deemed-paid-tax test is met under the criteria of section 902 or 960. The purpose of this test is to require minimum direct or... for the item to qualify as FORI in the hands of the domestic corporation. The test is whether a...

26 CFR 1.907(c)-2 - Section 907(c)(3) items (for taxable years beginning after December 31, 1982).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... stock test. Items described in section 907(c)(3) (A) or (C) are FORI only if a deemed-paid-tax test is met under the criteria of section 902 or 960. The purpose of this test is to require minimum direct or... for the item to qualify as FORI in the hands of the domestic corporation. The test is whether a...

26 CFR 1.907(c)-2 - Section 907(c)(3) items (for taxable years beginning after December 31, 1982).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... stock test. Items described in section 907(c)(3) (A) or (C) are FORI only if a deemed-paid-tax test is met under the criteria of section 902 or 960. The purpose of this test is to require minimum direct or... for the item to qualify as FORI in the hands of the domestic corporation. The test is whether a...

1. Photographic copy of engineering drawing showing elevations and sections ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. Photographic copy of engineering drawing showing elevations and sections of Test Stand 'E' (Building 4259/E-60). California Institute of Technology, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Plant Engineering 'Solid Propellant Test Stand E-60 - Elevations & Sections,' sheet E60/10, no date. - Jet Propulsion Laboratory Edwards Facility, Test Stand E, Edwards Air Force Base, Boron, Kern County, CA

Calibration of the Flow in the Test Section of the Research Wind Tunnel at DST Group

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-10-01

calibration of the flow in the test section of the Research Wind Tunnel at DST Group. The calibration was performed to establish the flow quality and to...of the Flow in the Test Section of the Research Wind Tunnel at DST Group Executive Summary The Defence Science and Technology Group (DST

26 CFR 1.170A-9T - Definition of section 170(b)(1)(A) organization (temporary).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... percent support test) or paragraph (f)(3) of this section (facts and circumstances test). Paragraph (f)(4) of this section defines normally for purposes of the 331/3 percent support test, the facts and... publicly or governmentally supported museums of history, art, or science, libraries, community centers to...

40 CFR 86.1438 - Test run-EPA.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Test run-EPA. 86.1438 Section 86.1438 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF... Short Test Procedures § 86.1438 Test run—EPA. (a) This section describes the test run performed by the...

40 CFR 86.1438 - Test run-EPA.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 19 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Test run-EPA. 86.1438 Section 86.1438 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF... Short Test Procedures § 86.1438 Test run—EPA. (a) This section describes the test run performed by the...

40 CFR 63.694 - Testing methods and procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 11 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Testing methods and procedures. 63.694....694 Testing methods and procedures. (a) This section specifies the testing methods and procedures... this subpart, the testing methods and procedures are specified in paragraph (b) of this section. (2) To...

49 CFR 195.306 - Test medium.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Test medium. 195.306 Section 195.306... PIPELINE Pressure Testing § 195.306 Test medium. (a) Except as provided in paragraphs (b), (c), and (d) of this section, water must be used as the test medium. (b) Except for offshore pipelines, liquid...

14 CFR 35.40 - Functional test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Functional test. 35.40 Section 35.40... STANDARDS: PROPELLERS Tests and Inspections § 35.40 Functional test. The variable-pitch propeller system must be subjected to the applicable functional tests of this section. The same propeller system used in...

49 CFR 236.107 - Ground tests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Ground tests. 236.107 Section 236.107...: All Systems Inspections and Tests; All Systems § 236.107 Ground tests. (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, a test for grounds on each energy bus furnishing power to circuits, the...

49 CFR 195.306 - Test medium.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Test medium. 195.306 Section 195.306... PIPELINE Pressure Testing § 195.306 Test medium. (a) Except as provided in paragraphs (b), (c), and (d) of this section, water must be used as the test medium. (b) Except for offshore pipelines, liquid...

49 CFR 236.107 - Ground tests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Ground tests. 236.107 Section 236.107...: All Systems Inspections and Tests; All Systems § 236.107 Ground tests. (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, a test for grounds on each energy bus furnishing power to circuits, the...

14 CFR 35.40 - Functional test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Functional test. 35.40 Section 35.40... STANDARDS: PROPELLERS Tests and Inspections § 35.40 Functional test. The variable-pitch propeller system must be subjected to the applicable functional tests of this section. The same propeller system used in...

14 CFR 35.40 - Functional test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Functional test. 35.40 Section 35.40... STANDARDS: PROPELLERS Tests and Inspections § 35.40 Functional test. The variable-pitch propeller system must be subjected to the applicable functional tests of this section. The same propeller system used in...

21 CFR 610.40 - Test requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 7 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Test requirements. 610.40 Section 610.40 Food and... GENERAL BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS STANDARDS Testing Requirements for Communicable Disease Agents § 610.40 Test... section, you, an establishment that collects blood or blood components, must test each donation of human...

40 CFR 86.1438 - Test run-EPA.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Test run-EPA. 86.1438 Section 86.1438 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF... Short Test Procedures § 86.1438 Test run—EPA. (a) This section describes the test run performed by the...

40 CFR 86.1437 - Test run-manufacturer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 19 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Test run-manufacturer. 86.1437 Section... Trucks; Certification Short Test Procedures § 86.1437 Test run—manufacturer. (a) This section describes the test run performed by the manufacturer for its data submittal pursuant to obtaining a certificate...

Blood Count Tests - Multiple Languages

MedlinePlus

... window. Arabic (العربية) Expand Section Your Lab Tests - English PDF Your Lab Tests - العربية (Arabic) PDF American ... Cantonese dialect) (繁體中文) Expand Section Your Lab Tests - English PDF Your Lab Tests - 繁體中文 (Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese ...

The design and operational development of self-streamlining 2-dimensional flexible walled test sections. Ph.D. Thesis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wolf, S. W. D.

1984-01-01

Self streamlining two dimensional flexible walled test sections eliminate the uncertainties found in data from conventional test sections particularly at transonic speeds. The test section sidewalls are rigid, while the floor and ceiling are flexible and are positioned to streamline shapes by a system of jacks, without reference to the model. The walls are therefore self streamlining. Data are taken from the model when the walls are good streamlines such that the inevitable residual wall induced interference is acceptably small and correctable. Successful two dimensional validation testing at low speeds has led to the development of a new transonic flexible walled test section. Tunnel setting times are minimized by the development of a rapid wall setting strategy coupled with on line computer control of wall shapes using motorized jacks. Two dimensional validation testing using symmetric and cambered aerofoils in the Mach number range up to about 0.85 where the walls are just supercritical, shows good agreement with reference data using small height-chord ratios between 1.5 and unity.

Acoustical modeling study of the open test section of the NASA Langley V/STOL wind tunnel

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ver, I. L.; Andersen, D. W.; Bliss, D. B.

1975-01-01

An acoustic model study was carried out to identify effective sound absorbing treatment of strategically located surfaces in an open wind tunnel test section. Also an aerodynamic study done concurrently, sought to find measures to control low frequency jet pulsations which occur when the tunnel is operated in its open test section configuration. The acoustical modeling study indicated that lining of the raised ceiling and the test section floor immediately below it, results in a substantial improvement. The aerodynamic model study indicated that: (1) the low frequency jet pulsations are most likely caused or maintained by coupling of aerodynamic and aeroacoustic phenomena in the closed tunnel circuit, (2) replacing the hard collector cowl with a geometrically identical but porous fiber metal surface of 100 mks rayls flow resistance does not result in any noticable reduction of the test section noise caused by the impingement of the turbulent flow on the cowl.

Acoustical characteristics of the NASA Langley full scale wind tunnel test section

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Abrahamson, A. L.; Kasper, P. K.; Pappa, R. S.

1975-01-01

The full-scale wind tunnel at NASA-Langley Research Center was designed for low-speed aerodynamic testing of aircraft. Sound absorbing treatment has been added to the ceiling and walls of the tunnel test section to create a more anechoic condition for taking acoustical measurements during aerodynamic tests. The results of an experimental investigation of the present acoustical characteristics of the tunnel test section are presented. The experimental program included measurements of ambient nosie levels existing during various tunnel operating conditions, investigation of the sound field produced by an omnidirectional source, and determination of sound field decay rates for impulsive noise excitation. A comparison of the current results with previous measurements shows that the added sound treatment has improved the acoustical condition of the tunnel test section. An analysis of the data indicate that sound reflections from the tunnel ground-board platform could create difficulties in the interpretation of actual test results.

Technical and investigative support for high density digital satellite recording systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schultz, R. A.

1982-01-01

Methods and results of examinations and tests conducted on magnetic recording tapes under consideration for a high density digital (HDDR) satellite recording system are described. The examinations and tests investigate the performance of tapes with respect to their physical, magnetic and electrical characteristics. The objective of the tests, the likely significance of typical results, and the importance of the characteristics under investigation to the application are included. Theoretical discussions of measurement methods are provided where appropriate. Methods and results are discussed; the results of some sections are tabulated together to facilitate their comparison. The conclusion of each test section relates the test results to their possible significance and attempts to correlate the results of that section with the results of other tests. Some of the sections analyze sources of error inherent in the measurement methods or relate the value of the information obtained to the objectives of the test or the overall purpose of the project.

40 CFR 60.2922 - How do I conduct the initial and annual performance test?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... of this part must be used. (ii) The post-test moisture removal procedure described in section 8.1.6... performance test? 60.2922 Section 60.2922 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED... Testing § 60.2922 How do I conduct the initial and annual performance test? (a) All performance tests must...

40 CFR 60.2922 - How do I conduct the initial and annual performance test?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... of this part must be used. (ii) The post-test moisture removal procedure described in section 8.1.6... performance test? 60.2922 Section 60.2922 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED... Testing § 60.2922 How do I conduct the initial and annual performance test? (a) All performance tests must...

12 CFR 563e.22 - Lending test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Lending test. 563e.22 Section 563e.22 Banks and... Assessing Performance § 563e.22 Lending test. (a) Scope of test. (1) The lending test evaluates a savings... section. The OTS will not consider these loans under any criterion of the lending test except the...

12 CFR 563e.22 - Lending test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 5 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Lending test. 563e.22 Section 563e.22 Banks and... Assessing Performance § 563e.22 Lending test. (a) Scope of test. (1) The lending test evaluates a savings... section. The OTS will not consider these loans under any criterion of the lending test except the...

Man-computer Inactive Data Access System (McIDAS). [design, development, fabrication, and testing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1973-01-01

A technical description is given of the effort to design, develop, fabricate, and test the two dimensional data processing system, McIDAS. The system has three basic sections: an access and data archive section, a control section, and a display section. Areas reported include hardware, system software, and applications software.

The NASA Langley 8-foot Transonic Pressure Tunnel calibration

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Brooks, Cuyler W., Jr.; Harris, Charles D.; Reagon, Patricia G.

1994-01-01

The NASA Langley 8-Foot Transonic Pressure Tunnel is a continuous-flow, variable-pressure wind tunnel with control capability to independently vary Mach number, stagnation pressure, stagnation temperature, and humidity. The top and bottom walls of the test section are axially slotted to permit continuous variation of the test section Mach number from 0.2 to 1.2, the slot-width contour provides a gradient-free test section 50 in. long for Mach numbers equal to or greater than 1.0 and 100 in. long for Mach numbers less than 1.0. The stagnation pressure may be varied from 0.25 to 2.0 atm. The tunnel test section has been recalibrated to determine the relationship between the free-stream Mach number and the test chamber reference Mach number. The hardware was the same as that of an earlier calibration in 1972 but the pressure measurement instrumentation available for the recalibration was about an order of magnitude more precise. The principal result of the recalibration was a slightly different schedule of reentry flap settings for Mach numbers from 0.80 to 1.05 than that determined during the 1972 calibration. Detailed tunnel contraction geometry, test section geometry, and limited test section wall boundary layer data are presented.

Extraction of model performance from wall data in a 2-dimensional transonic flexible walled test section

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Goodyer, M. J.

1982-01-01

Data obtained from the boundary of a test section provides information on the model contained within it. A method for extracting some of this data in two dimensional testing is described. Examples of model data are included on lift, pitching moment and wake displacement thickness. A FORTRAN listing is also described, having a form suitable for incorporation into the software package used in the running of such a test section.

Laboratory and field evaluation of hot mix asphalt with high contents of reclaimed asphalt pavement

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Van Winkle, Clinton Isaac

Currently in Iowa, the amount of RAP materials allowed for the surface layer is limited to 15% by weight. The objective of this project was to develop quality standards for inclusion of RAP content higher than 15% in asphalt mixtures. To meet Superpave mix design requirements, it was necessary to fractionate the RAP materials. Based on the extensive sieve-by-sieve analysis of RAP materials, the optimum sieve size to fractionate RAP materials was identified. To determine if the higher percentage of RAP materials than 15% can be used in Iowa's state highway, three test sections with 30.0%, 35.5% and 39.2% of RAP materials were constructed on Highway 6 in Iowa City. The construction of the field test sections was monitored and the cores were obtained to measure field densities of test sections. Field mixtures collected from test sections were compacted in the laboratory in order to test the moisture sensitivity using a Hamburg Wheel Tracking Device. The binder was extracted from the field mixtures with varying amounts of RAP materials and tested to determine the effects of RAP materials on the PG grade of a virgin binder. Field cores were taken from the various mix designs to determine the percent density of each test section. A condition survey of the test sections was then performed to evaluate the short-term performance.

Simulating the Impact Response of Composite Airframe Components

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jackson, Karen E.; Littell, Justin D.; Fasanella, Edwin L.

2014-01-01

In 2010, NASA Langley Research Center obtained residual hardware from the US Army's Survivable Affordable Repairable Airframe Program (SARAP). The hardware consisted of a composite fuselage section that was representative of the center section of a Black Hawk helicopter. The section was fabricated by Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation and designated the Test Validation Article (TVA). The TVA was subjected to a vertical drop test in 2008 to evaluate a tilting roof concept to limit the intrusion of overhead mass items, such as the rotor transmission, into the fuselage cabin. As a result of the 2008 test, damage to the hardware was limited primarily to the roof. Consequently, when the post-test article was obtained in 2010, the roof area was removed and the remaining structure was cut into six different types of test specimens including: (1) tension and compression coupons for material property characterization, (2) I-beam sections, (3) T-sections, (4) cruciform sections, (5) a large subfloor section, and (6) a forward framed fuselage section. In 2011, NASA and Sikorsky entered into a cooperative research agreement to study the impact responses of composite airframe structures and to evaluate the capabilities of the explicit transient dynamic finite element code, LS-DYNA®, to simulate these responses including damage initiation and progressive failure. Finite element models of the composite specimens were developed and impact simulations were performed. The properties of the composite material were represented using both a progressive in-plane damage model (Mat 54) and a continuum damage mechanics model (Mat 58) in LS-DYNA. This paper provides test-analysis comparisons of time history responses and the location and type of damage for representative I-beam, T-section, and cruciform section components.

40 CFR 52.2020 - Identification of plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...) Compliance and test methods 11/1/97 6/8/98, 63 FR 31116 (c)(131). Subchapter D—Motor Vehicle Emissions... 70893 (c)(229). Section 130.107 Variances 10/5/02 12/8/04, 69 FR 70893 (c)(229). Section 130.108 Test... 70895 (c)(230). Section 130.414 Modification of variance 10/11/08 10/18/10, 75 FR 63717. TEST METHODS...

Calibration of the Langley 16-foot transonic tunnel with test section air removal

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Corson, B. W., Jr.; Runckel, J. F.; Igoe, W. B.

1974-01-01

The Langley 16-foot transonic tunnel with test section air removal (plenum suction) was calibrated to a Mach number of 1.3. The results of the calibration, including the effects of slot shape modifications, test section wall divergence, and water vapor condensation, are presented. A complete description of the wind tunnel and its auxiliary equipment is included.

Analysis of subsonic wind tunnel with variation shape rectangular and octagonal on test section

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rhakasywi, D.; Ismail; Suwandi, A.; Fadhli, A.

2018-02-01

The need for good design in the aerodynamics field required a wind tunnel design. The wind tunnel design required in this case is capable of generating laminar flow. In this research searched for wind tunnel models with rectangular and octagonal variations with objectives to generate laminar flow in the test section. The research method used numerical approach of CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) and manual analysis to analyze internal flow in test section. By CFD simulation results and manual analysis to generate laminar flow in the test section is a design that has an octagonal shape without filled for optimal design.

Sources and levels of background noise in the NASA Ames 40- by 80-foot wind tunnel

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Soderman, Paul T.

1988-01-01

Background noise levels are measured in the NASA Ames Research Center 40- by 80-Foot Wind Tunnel following installation of a sound-absorbent lining on the test-section walls. Results show that the fan-drive noise dominated the empty test-section background noise at airspeeds below 120 knots. Above 120 knots, the test-section broadband background noise was dominated by wind-induced dipole noise (except at lower harmonics of fan blade-passage tones) most likely generated at the microphone or microphone support strut. Third-octave band and narrow-band spectra are presented for several fan operating conditions and test-section airspeeds. The background noise levels can be reduced by making improvements to the microphone wind screen or support strut. Empirical equations are presented relating variations of fan noise with fan speed or blade-pitch angle. An empirical expression for typical fan noise spectra is also presented. Fan motor electric power consumption is related to the noise generation. Preliminary measurements of sound absorption by the test-section lining indicate that the 152 mm thick lining will adequately absorb test-section model noise at frequencies above 300 Hz.

9 CFR 113.37 - Detection of pathogens by the chicken embryo inoculation test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... embryo inoculation test. 113.37 Section 113.37 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH... inoculation test. The test for detection of extraneous pathogens provided in this section shall be conducted when such a test is prescribed in an applicable Standard Requirement or in the filed Outline of...

9 CFR 113.37 - Detection of pathogens by the chicken embryo inoculation test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... embryo inoculation test. 113.37 Section 113.37 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH... inoculation test. The test for detection of extraneous pathogens provided in this section shall be conducted when such a test is prescribed in an applicable Standard Requirement or in the filed Outline of...

9 CFR 113.40 - Dog safety tests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Dog safety tests. 113.40 Section 113... Procedures § 113.40 Dog safety tests. The safety tests provided in this section shall be conducted when... recommended for use in dogs. Serials which are not found to be satisfactory when tested pursuant to the...

9 CFR 113.40 - Dog safety tests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Dog safety tests. 113.40 Section 113... Procedures § 113.40 Dog safety tests. The safety tests provided in this section shall be conducted when... recommended for use in dogs. Serials which are not found to be satisfactory when tested pursuant to the...

9 CFR 113.40 - Dog safety tests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Dog safety tests. 113.40 Section 113... Procedures § 113.40 Dog safety tests. The safety tests provided in this section shall be conducted when... recommended for use in dogs. Serials which are not found to be satisfactory when tested pursuant to the...

40 CFR 86.884-5 - Test procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Test procedures. 86.884-5 Section 86... New Diesel Heavy-Duty Engines; Smoke Exhaust Test Procedure § 86.884-5 Test procedures. The procedures described in this and subsequent sections will be the test program to determine the conformity of engines...

16 CFR 1204.14 - Certification tests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Certification tests. 1204.14 Section 1204.14... tests. (a) General. As explained in § 1204.11 of this subpart, certificates of compliance required by section 14(a) of the act must be based on either a test of each item or on a reasonable testing program...

33 CFR 183.590 - Fire test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Fire test. 183.590 Section 183... SAFETY BOATS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT Fuel Systems Tests § 183.590 Fire test. (a) A piece of equipment is... hull section. (b) Each fire test is conducted with free burning heptane and the component must be...

40 CFR 766.10 - Test standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 31 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Test standards. 766.10 Section 766.10...-PARA-DIOXINS/DIBENZOFURANS General Provisions § 766.10 Test standards. Testing required under subpart B... submission to EPA in response to a test rule promulgated under section 4 of TSCA must adhere to the TSCA Good...

40 CFR 600.111-08 - Test procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Test procedures. 600.111-08 Section... Emission Regulations for 1978 and Later Model Year Automobiles-Test Procedures § 600.111-08 Test procedures. This section provides test procedures for the FTP, highway, US06, SC03, and the cold temperature FTP...

40 CFR 86.884-5 - Test procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 19 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Test procedures. 86.884-5 Section 86... Heavy-Duty Engines; Smoke Exhaust Test Procedure § 86.884-5 Test procedures. The procedures described in this and subsequent sections will be the test program to determine the conformity of engines with the...

40 CFR 766.10 - Test standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 32 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Test standards. 766.10 Section 766.10...-PARA-DIOXINS/DIBENZOFURANS General Provisions § 766.10 Test standards. Testing required under subpart B... submission to EPA in response to a test rule promulgated under section 4 of TSCA must adhere to the TSCA Good...

9 CFR 113.40 - Dog safety tests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Dog safety tests. 113.40 Section 113... Procedures § 113.40 Dog safety tests. The safety tests provided in this section shall be conducted when... recommended for use in dogs. Serials which are not found to be satisfactory when tested pursuant to the...

9 CFR 113.40 - Dog safety tests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Dog safety tests. 113.40 Section 113... Procedures § 113.40 Dog safety tests. The safety tests provided in this section shall be conducted when... recommended for use in dogs. Serials which are not found to be satisfactory when tested pursuant to the...

40 CFR 766.10 - Test standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 31 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Test standards. 766.10 Section 766.10...-PARA-DIOXINS/DIBENZOFURANS General Provisions § 766.10 Test standards. Testing required under subpart B... submission to EPA in response to a test rule promulgated under section 4 of TSCA must adhere to the TSCA Good...

40 CFR 211.212-1 - Test request.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Test request. 211.212-1 Section 211... PRODUCT NOISE LABELING Hearing Protective Devices § 211.212-1 Test request. (a) The Administrator will request all testing under this section by means of a test request addressed to the -manufacturer. (b) The...

Finite Element Simulations of Two Vertical Drop Tests of F-28 Fuselage Sections

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jackson, Karen E.; Littell, Justin D.; Annett, Martin S.; Haskin, Ian M.

2018-01-01

In March 2017, a vertical drop test of a forward fuselage section of a Fokker F-28 MK4000 aircraft was conducted as part of a joint NASA/FAA project to investigate the performance of transport aircraft under realistic crash conditions. In June 2017, a vertical drop test was conducted of a wing-box fuselage section of the same aircraft. Both sections were configured with two rows of aircraft seats, in a triple-double configuration. A total of ten Anthropomorphic Test Devices (ATDs) were secured in seats using standard lap belt restraints. The forward fuselage section was also configured with luggage in the cargo hold. Both sections were outfitted with two hat racks, each with added ballast mass. The drop tests were performed at the Landing and Impact Research facility located at NASA Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia. The measured impact velocity for the forward fuselage section was 346.8-in/s onto soil. The wing-box section was dropped with a downward facing pitch angle onto a sloping soil surface in order to create an induced forward acceleration in the airframe. The vertical impact velocity of the wing-box section was 349.2-in/s. A second objective of this project was to assess the capabilities of finite element simulations to predict the test responses. Finite element models of both fuselage sections were developed for execution in LS-DYNA(Registered Trademark), a commercial explicit nonlinear transient dynamic code. The models contained accurate representations of the airframe structure, the hat racks and hat rack masses, the floor and seat tracks, the luggage in the cargo hold for the forward section, and the detailed under-floor structure in the wing-box section. Initially, concentrated masses were used to represent the inertial properties of the seats, restraints, and ATD occupants. However, later simulations were performed that included finite element representations of the seats, restraints, and ATD occupants. These models were developed to more accurately replicate the seat loading of the floor and to enable prediction of occupant impact responses. Models were executed to generate analytical predictions of airframe responses, which were compared with test data to validate the model. Comparisons of predicted and experimental structural deformation and failures were made. Finally, predicted and experimental soil deformation and crater depths were also compared for both drop test configurations.

Comparison of ALE and SPH Simulations of Vertical Drop Tests of a Composite Fuselage Section into Water

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jackson, Karen E.; Fuchs, Yvonne T.

2008-01-01

Simulation of multi-terrain impact has been identified as an important research area for improved prediction of rotorcraft crashworthiness within the NASA Subsonic Rotary Wing Aeronautics Program on Rotorcraft Crashworthiness. As part of this effort, two vertical drop tests were conducted of a 5-ft-diameter composite fuselage section into water. For the first test, the fuselage section was impacted in a baseline configuration without energy absorbers. For the second test, the fuselage section was retrofitted with a composite honeycomb energy absorber. Both tests were conducted at a nominal velocity of 25-ft/s. A detailed finite element model was developed to represent each test article and water impact was simulated using both Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) and Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) approaches in LS-DYNA, a nonlinear, explicit transient dynamic finite element code. Analytical predictions were correlated with experimental data for both test configurations. In addition, studies were performed to evaluate the influence of mesh density on test-analysis correlation.

Vertical drop test of a transport fuselage section located aft of the wing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fasanella, E. L.; Alfaro-Bou, E.

1986-01-01

A 12-foot long Boeing 707 aft fuselage section with a tapering cross section was drop tested at the NASA Langley Research Center to measure structural, seat, and occupant response to vertical crash laods and to provide data for nonlinear finite element modeling. This was the final test in a series of three different transport fuselage sections tested under identical conditions. The test parameters at impact were: 20 ft/s velocity, and zero pitch, roll, and yaw. In addition, the test was an operational shock test of the data acquisition system used for the Controlled Impact Demonstration (CID) of a remotely piloted Boeing 720 that was crash tested at NASA Ames Dryden Flight Research Facility on December 1, 1984. Post-test measurements of the crush showed that the front of the section (with larger diameter) crushed vertically approximately 14 inches while the rear crushed 18 inches. Analysis of the data traces indicate the maximum peak normal (vertical) accelerations at the bottom of the frames were approximately 109 G at body station 1040 and 64 G at body station 1120. The peak floor acceleration varied from 14 G near the wall to 25 G near the center where high frequency oscillations of the floor were evident. The peak anthropomorphic dummy pelvis normal (vertical) acceleration was 19 G's.

Laboratory modeling of aspects of large fires

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Carrier, G. F.; Fendell, F. E.; Fleeter, R. D.; Gat, N.; Cohen, L. M.

1984-04-01

The design, construction, and use of a laboratory-scale combustion tunnel for simulating aspects of large-scale free-burning fires are described. The facility consists of an enclosed, rectangular-cross section (1.12 m wide x 1.27 m high) test section of about 5.6 m in length, fitted with large sidewall windows for viewing. A long upwind section permits smoothing (by screens and honeycombs) of a forced-convective flow, generated by a fan and adjustable in wind speed (up to a maximum speed of about 20 m/s prior to smoothing). Special provision is made for unconstrained ascent of a strongly buoyant plume, the duct over the test section being about 7 m in height. Also, a translatable test-section ceiling can be used to prevent jet-type spreading into the duct of the impressed flow; that is, the wind arriving at a site (say) half-way along the test section can be made (by ceiling movement) approximately the same as that at the leading edge of the test section with a fully open duct (fully retracted ceiling). Of particular interest here are the rate and structure of wind-aided flame spread streamwise along a uniform matrix of vertically oriented small fuel elements (such as toothpicks or coffee-strirrers), implanted in clay stratum on the test-section floor; this experiment is motivated by flame spread across strewn debris, such as may be anticipated in an urban environment after severe blast damage.

Analysis, testing and verification of the behavior of composite pavements under Florida conditions using a heavy vehicle simulator

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tapia Gutierrez, Patricio Enrique

Whitetopping (WT) is a rehabilitation method to resurface deteriorated asphalt pavements. While some of these composite pavements have performed very well carrying heavy load, other have shown poor performance with early cracking. With the objective of analyzing the applicability of WT pavements under Florida conditions, a total of nine full-scale WT test sections were constructed and tested using a Heavy Vehicle Simulator (HVS) in the APT facility at the FDOT Material Research Park. The test sections were instrumented to monitor both strain and temperature. A 3-D finite element model was developed to analyze the WT test sections. The model was calibrated and verified using measured FWD deflections and HVS load-induced strains from the test sections. The model was then used to evaluate the potential performance of these test sections under critical temperature-load condition in Florida. Six of the WT pavement test sections had a bonded concrete-asphalt interface by milling, cleaning and spraying with water the asphalt surface. This method produced excellent bonding at the interface, with shear strength of 195 to 220 psi. Three of the test sections were intended to have an unbonded concrete-asphalt interface by applying a debonding agent in the asphalt surface. However, shear strengths between 119 and 135 psi and a careful analysis of the strain and the temperature data indicated a partial bond condition. The computer model was able to satisfactorily model the behavior of the composite pavement by mainly considering material properties from standard laboratory tests and calibrating the spring elements used to model the interface. Reasonable matches between the measured and the calculated strains were achieved when a temperature-dependent AC elastic modulus was included in the analytical model. The expected numbers of repetitions of the 24-kip single axle loads at critical thermal condition were computed for the nine test sections based on maximum tensile stresses and fatigue theory. The results showed that 4" slabs can be used for heavy loads only for low-volume traffic. To withstand the critical load without fear of fatigue failure, 6" slabs and 8" slabs would be needed for joint spacings of 4' and 6', respectively.

16 CFR § 1610.6 - Test procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Test procedure. § 1610.6 Section § 1610.6... FLAMMABILITY OF CLOTHING TEXTILES The Standard § 1610.6 Test procedure. The test procedure is divided into two... according to paragraph (b)(1) of this section. (a) Step 1—Testing in the original state. (1) Tests shall be...

Sidewall Mach Number Distributions for the NASA Langley Transonic Dynamics Tunnel

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Florance, James R.; Rivera, Jose A., Jr.

2001-01-01

The Transonic Dynamics Tunnel(TDT) was recalibrated due to the conversion of the heavy gas test medium from R-12 to R-134a. The objectives of the tests were to determine the relationship between the free-stream Mach number and the measured test section Mach number, and to quantify any necessary corrections. Other tests included the measurement of pressure distributions along the test-section walls, test-section centerline, at certain tunnel stations via a rake apparatus, and in the tunnel settling chamber. Wall boundary layer, turbulence, and flow angularity measurements were also performed. This paper discusses the determination of sidewall Mach number distributions.

47 CFR 10.350 - WEA Testing requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false WEA Testing requirements. 10.350 Section 10.350 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION GENERAL WIRELESS EMERGENCY ALERTS System Architecture § 10.350 WEA Testing requirements. This section specifies the testing that will be required, no later than the...

47 CFR 10.350 - WEA Testing requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false WEA Testing requirements. 10.350 Section 10.350 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION GENERAL WIRELESS EMERGENCY ALERTS System Architecture § 10.350 WEA Testing requirements. This section specifies the testing that will be required, no later than the...

Longitudinal acceleration tests of overhead luggage bins and auxiliary fuel tank in a transport airplane airframe section

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-06-01

This report contains the description and test results of overhead stowage bin calibrations and longitudinal impact testing of a 10-foot transport airframe section conducted at the Transportation Research Center Inc. (TRC). The purpose of the tests wa...

46 CFR 160.176-13 - Approval Tests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Approval Tests. 160.176-13 Section 160.176-13 Shipping...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Inflatable Lifejackets § 160.176-13 Approval Tests. (a) General. (1) This section contains requirements for approval tests and examinations of inflatable lifejackets...

40 CFR 52.2020 - Identification of plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...)(131). Section 126.303(a) Compliance and test methods 11/1/97 6/8/98, 63 FR 31116 (c)(131). Subchapter....107 Variances 10/5/02 12/8/04, 69 FR 70893 (c)(229). Section 130.108 Test procedures 10/5/02 12/8/04... 70895 (c)(230). Section 130.414 Modification of variance 10/11/08 10/18/10, 75 FR 63717. TEST METHODS...

Testing Composites

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1981-01-01

A device for testing composites for strength characteristics has been developed by Acoustic Emission Technology Corporation. Called the Model 206AU, the system is lightweight and portable. It is comprised of three sections. The "pulser" section injects ultrasonic waves into the material under test. A receiver picks up the simulated stress waves as they pass through the material and relays the signals to the acoustic emission section, where they are electronically analyzed.

Integrated Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A. Engineering Report: Electromagnetic Interface (EMI)/Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR) and Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC), for the METSAT/METOP AMSU-A1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Valdez, A.

1999-01-01

This document contains the procedure and the test results of the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A) Electromagnetic Interference (EMI), Electromagnetic Susceptibility, and Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) qualification test for the Meteorological Satellite (METSAT) and the Meteorological Operation Platform (METOP) projects. The test was conducted in accordance with the approved EMI/EMC Test Plan/Procedure, Specification number AE-26151/5D. This document describes the EMI/EMC test performed by Aerojet and it is presented in the following manner: Section-1 contains introductory material and a brief summary of the test results. Section 2 contains more detailed descriptions of the test plan, test procedure, and test results for each type of EMI/EMC test conducted. Section 3 contains supplementary information that includes test data sheets, plots, and calculations collected during the qualification testing.

LPT. Shield test facility assembly and test building (TAN646), south ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

LPT. Shield test facility assembly and test building (TAN-646), south facade. Camera facing north. High-bay section is pool room. Single-story section at right is control building (TAN-645). Small metal building is post-1970 addition. INEEL negative no. HD-40-7-3 - Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Test Area North, Scoville, Butte County, ID

9 CFR 113.39 - Cat safety tests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Cat safety tests. 113.39 Section 113... Procedures § 113.39 Cat safety tests. The safety tests provided in this section shall be conducted when... recommended for use in cats. (a) The cat safety test provided in this paragraph shall be used when the Master...

12 CFR 252.147 - Reports of stress test results.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 4 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Reports of stress test results. 252.147 Section... Covered Companies § 252.147 Reports of stress test results. (a) Reports to the Board of stress test results. (1) A covered company must report the results of the stress test required under section 252.144...

40 CFR 89.410 - Engine test cycle.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Engine test cycle. 89.410 Section 89... Procedures § 89.410 Engine test cycle. (a) Emissions shall be measured using one of the test cycles specified...) through (a)(4) of this section. These cycles shall be used to test engines on a dynamometer. (1) The 8...

40 CFR 1039.505 - How do I test engines using steady-state duty cycles, including ramped-modal testing?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...-state duty cycles, including ramped-modal testing? 1039.505 Section 1039.505 Protection of Environment... duty cycles, including ramped-modal testing? This section describes how to test engines under steady-state conditions. In some cases, we allow you to choose the appropriate steady-state duty cycle for an...

40 CFR 86.1846-01 - Manufacturer in-use confirmatory testing requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... manufacturer with only one test group under § 86.1845-01 or § 86.1845-04, as applicable, such manufacturer shall have a maximum potential testing requirement under this section of one test group (or Agency... to be conducted, under this section when the emission levels shown by a test group sample from...

Technical memo, project 0-6132 : task 6 - test sections in the districts.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-01-01

This Tech Memo provides a summary of the Lab Test, Distress Survey, and Construction Reports : for the RAP Test Sections in Laredo District. Based on extensive lab testing by TTI, the District : elected to use the TTI mix-design (5.0% PG 64-22 + Crus...

46 CFR 160.171-25 - Production testing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Production testing. 160.171-25 Section 160.171-25...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Immersion Suits § 160.171-25 Production testing. (a) Immersion suit production testing is conducted under the procedures in this section and subpart 159.007 of this...

46 CFR 108.449 - Piping tests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Piping tests. 108.449 Section 108.449 Shipping COAST... Fire Extinguishing Systems Fixed Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguishing Systems § 108.449 Piping tests. (a) Each test prescribed in (b), (c), and (d) of this section must be performed upon completion of the...

46 CFR 160.174-25 - Production testing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Production testing. 160.174-25 Section 160.174-25...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Thermal Protective Aids § 160.174-25 Production testing. (a) Thermal protective aid production testing is conducted under the procedures in this section and subpart...

Pilot instrumentation of a Superpave test section at the Kansas Accelerated Testing laboratory

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2003-04-01

Two Superpave test sections were constructed at the Kansas Accelerated Testing Laboratory (K-ATL) with 12.5 mm (2 in) nominal maximum size Superpave mixture (SM-2A) with varying percentages (15 and 30 percent) of river sand. A 150 kN (34 kip) tandem ...

40 CFR 205.54 - Test procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 26 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Test procedures. 205.54 Section 205.54... EQUIPMENT NOISE EMISSION CONTROLS Medium and Heavy Trucks § 205.54 Test procedures. The procedures described in this and subsequent sections will be the test program to determine the conformity of vehicles with...

46 CFR 164.009-15 - Test procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 6 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Test procedure. 164.009-15 Section 164.009-15 Shipping...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL MATERIALS Noncombustible Materials for Merchant Vessels § 164.009-15 Test procedure. (a) General. Paragraphs (b) through (k) of this section contain the test procedures for each material...

40 CFR 205.54 - Test procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Test procedures. 205.54 Section 205.54... EQUIPMENT NOISE EMISSION CONTROLS Medium and Heavy Trucks § 205.54 Test procedures. The procedures described in this and subsequent sections will be the test program to determine the conformity of vehicles with...

46 CFR 161.012-11 - Approval tests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 6 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Approval tests. 161.012-11 Section 161.012-11 Shipping...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT Personal Flotation Device Lights § 161.012-11 Approval tests. (a) The approval tests described in this section must be conducted for each light submitted for Coast...

46 CFR 161.012-11 - Approval tests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Approval tests. 161.012-11 Section 161.012-11 Shipping...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT Personal Flotation Device Lights § 161.012-11 Approval tests. (a) The approval tests described in this section must be conducted for each light submitted for Coast...

Wind tunnel

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wilson, E. M. (Inventor)

1969-01-01

A supersonic wind wind tunnel is described for testing several air foils mounted in a row. A test section of a wind tunnel contains means for mounting air foil sections in a row, means for rotating each section about an axis so that the angle of attack of each section changes with the other sections, and means for rotating the row with respect to the air stream so that the row forms an oblique angle with the air stream.

Approach to the vadose zone monitoring in hazardous and solid waste disposal facilities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Twardowska, Irena

2004-03-01

In the solid waste (SW)disposal sites, in particular at the unlined facilities, at the remediated or newly-constructed units equipped with novel protective/reactive permeable barriers or at lined facilities with leachate collection systems that are prone to failure, the vadose zone monitoring should comprise besides the natural soil layer beneath the landfill, also the anthropogenic vadose zone, i.e. the waste layer and pore solutions in the landfill. The vadose zone screening along the vertical profile of SW facilities with use of direct invasive soil-core and soil-pore liquid techniques shows vertical downward redistribution of inorganic (macroconstituents and heavy metals) and organic (PAHs) contaminant loads in water infiltrating through the waste layer. These loads can make ground water down-gradient of the dump unfit for any use. To avoid damage of protective/reactive permeable barriers and liners, an installation of stationary monitoring systems along the waste layer profile during the construction of a landfill, which are amenable to generate accurate data and information in a near-real time should be considered including:(i) permanent samplers of pore solution, with a periodic pump-induced transport of collected solution to the surface, preferably with instant field measurements;(ii)chemical sensors with continuous registration of critical parameters. These techniques would definitely provide an early alert in case when the chemical composition of pore solution percolating downward the waste profile shows unfavorable transformations, which indicate an excessive contaminant load approaching ground water. The problems concerning invasive and stationary monitoring of the vadose zone in SW disposal facilities will be discussed at the background of results of monitoring data and properties of permeable protective/reactive barriers considered for use.

Integrated management of hazardous waste generated from community sources in Thailand

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yodnane, P.; Spaeder, D.J.

A system for the collection, transport, disposal and recycling of hazardous waste was developed as part of an overall master plan for the management of hazardous waste generated from community sources in Thailand. Results of a waste generation survey conducted as part of the study indicated that over 300 million kilograms per year of hazardous waste is generated from non-industrial, community sources such as automotive repair shops, gas stations, hospitals, farms, and households in Thailand. Hazardous waste from community sources consists primarily of used oils, lead-acid and dry cell batteries, cleaning chemicals, pesticides, medical wastes, solvents and fuels. Most ofmore » this waste was found to be mismanaged by codisposing with municipal waste in burning, unlined dumps, dumping directly to land or water courses, dumping into sewers, or recycling improperly, all of which pose serious threats to human health and the environment. The survey data on waste generation quantities and data from a reconnaissance survey of the conditions and operations of 86 existing waste disposal facilities was incorporated into a nationwide Geographic Information System (GIS) database. Based on this data, problems associated with hazardous waste were identified and needs for waste management systems were tabulated. A system was developed for ranking geographic regions according to hazardous waste management problems and needs, in order to prioritize implementation of waste management programs. The data were also used in developing solutions for hazardous waste management, which addressed methods for storing, collecting, transporting, disposing, and recycling the waste. It was recommended that centralized waste management facilities be utilized which included hazardous waste and medical waste incinerators, waste stabilization units, and secure landfills.« less

Appraisal of operating efficiency of recharge basins on Long Island, New York, in 1969

USGS Publications Warehouse

Aronson, D.A.; Seaburn, G.E.

1974-01-01

Recharge basins on Long Island are unlined pits of various shapes and sizes excavated in surficial deposits of mainly glacial origin. Of the 2,124 recharge basins on Long Island in 1969, approximately 9 percent (194) contain water 5 or more days after a 1-inch rainfall. Basins on Long Island contain water because (1) they intersect the regional water table or a perched water table, (2) they are excavated in material of low hydraulic conductivity, (3) layers of sediment and debris of low hydraulic conductivity accumulate on the basin floor, or (4) a combination of these factors exists. Data obtained as part of this study show that (1) 22 basins contain water because they intersect the regional water table, (2) a larger percentage of the basins excavated in the Harbor Hill and the Ronkonkoma morainal deposits contain water than basins excavated in the outwash deposits, (3) a larger percentage of the basins that drain industrial and commercial areas contain water than basins that drain highways and residential areas, (4) storm runoff from commercial and industrial areas and highway: generally contains high concentrations of asphalt, grease, oil, tar, and rubber particles, whereas runoff from residential areas mainly contains leaves, grass cuttings, and other plant material, and (5) differences in composition of the soils within the drainage areas of the basins on Long Island apparently are not major factors in causing water retention. Water-containing basins dispose of an undetermined amount of storm runoff primarily by the slow infiltration of water through the bottoms and the sides of the basins. The low average specific conductance of water in most such basins suggests that evaporation does not significantly concentrate the chemical constituents and, therefore, that evaporation is not a major mechanism of water disposal from these basins.

Hydrologic conditions at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, 1982 to 1985

USGS Publications Warehouse

Pittman, J.R.; Fischer, P.R.; Jensen, R.G.

1988-01-01

Aqueous chemical and radioactive wastes discharged since 1952 to unlined ponds and wells at the INEL (Idaho National Engineering Laboratory) have affected water quality in perched groundwater zones and in the Snake River Plain Aquifer. Routine waste water disposal was changed from deep injection wells to ponds at the ICPP (Idaho Chemical Processing Plant) in 1984. During 1982-85, tritium concentrations increased in perched groundwater zones under disposal ponds, but cobalt-60 concentrations decreased. In 1985, perched groundwater under TRA disposal ponds contained up to 1,770 +or-30 pCi/mL (picocuries/milliliter) of tritium and 0.36+or-0.05 pCi/mL of cobalt-60. During 1982-85, tritium concentrations in water in the Snake River Plain aquifer decreased as much as 80 pCi/mL near the ICPP. In 1985, measurable tritium concentrations ranged from 0.9+or-0.3 to 93.4 +or-2.0 pCi/mL. Tritium was detected in groundwater near the southern boundary of the INEL, 9 miles south of the ICPP and TRA. Strontium-90 concentrations in groundwater, up to 63 +or-5 pCi/L (picocuries per liter) near the ICPP, generally were smaller than 1981 concentrations. Cesium-137 concentrations in groundwater near the ICPP ranged from 125 +or-14 to 237 +or-45 pCi/L. Maximum concentrations of plutonium-238 and plutonium-239 , -240 (undivided) were 1.31 +or-.0019 pCi/ml and 1.9 +or-0.00003 pCi/L. Sodium and chloride generally decreased during 1982-85. Nitrate concentrations increased near the TRA and NRF (Naval Reactors Facility) and decreased near the ICPP. (USGS)

Technical report for a fluidless directional drilling system demonstrated at Solid Waste Storage Area 6 shallow buried waste sites

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

The purpose of the research was to demonstrate a fluidless directional drilling and monitoring system (FDD) specifically tailored to address environmental drilling concerns for shallow buried wasted. The major concerns are related to worker exposure, minimizing waste generation, and confining the spread of contamination. The FDD is potentially applicable to Environmental Restoration (ER) activities for the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Waste Area Grouping 6 (WAG 6) shallow buried waste disposed in unlined trenches. Major ER activities for directional drilling are to develop a drilling system for leachate collection directly beneath trenches, and to provide localized control over leachate release tomore » the environment. Other ER FDD activities could include vadose zone and groundwater monitoring of contaminant transport. The operational constraints pointed the research in the direction of purchasing a steerable impact hammer, or mole, manufactured by Steer-Rite Ltd. of Racine, Wisconsin. This drill was selected due to the very low cost ($25,000) associated with procuring the drill, steering module, instrumentation and service lines. The impact hammer is a self propelled drill which penetrates the soil by compacting cut material along the sidewalls of the borehole. Essentially, it forces its way through the subsurface. Although the pneumatic hammer exhausts compressed air which must be handled at the borehole collar, it does not generate soil cuttings or liquids. This is the basis for the term fluidless. A stub casing muffler was attached to the entrance hole for controlling exhaust gas and any airborne releases. Other environmental compliance modifications made to the equipment included operating the tool without lubrication, and using water instead of hydraulic fluid to actuate the steering fins on the tool.« less

Field evidence of biodegradation of N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in groundwater with incidental and active recycled water recharge.

PubMed

Zhou, Quanlin; McCraven, Sally; Garcia, Julio; Gasca, Monica; Johnson, Theodore A; Motzer, William E

2009-02-01

Biodegradation of N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) has been found through laboratory incubation in unsaturated and saturated soil samples under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. However, direct field evidence of in situ biodegradation in groundwater is very limited. This research aimed to evaluate biodegradation of NDMA in a large-scale groundwater system receiving recycled water as incidental and active recharge. NDMA concentrations in 32 monitoring and production wells with different screen intervals were monitored over a period of seven years. Groundwater monitoring was used to characterize changes in the magnitude and extent of NDMA in groundwater in response to seasonal hydrogeologic conditions and, more importantly, to significant concentration variations in effluent from water reclamation plants (associated with treatment-process changes). Extensive monitoring of NDMA concentrations and flow rates at effluent discharge locations and surface-water stations was also conducted to reasonably estimate mass loading through unlined river reaches to underlying groundwater. Monitoring results indicate that significant biodegradation of NDMA occurred in groundwater, accounting for an estimated 90% mass reduction over the seven-year monitoring period. In addition, a discrete effluent-discharge and groundwater-extraction event was extensively monitored in a well-characterized, localized groundwater subsystem for 626 days. Analysis of the associated NDMA fate and transport in the subsystem indicated that an estimated 80% of the recharged mass was biodegraded. The observed field evidence of NDMA biodegradation is supported by groundwater transport modeling accounting for various dilution mechanisms and first-order decay for biodegradation, and by a previous laboratory study on soil samples collected from the study site [Bradley, P.M., Carr, S.A., Baird, R.B., Chapelle, F.H., 2005. Biodegradation of N-Nitrosodimethylamine in soil from a water reclamation facility. Bioremediat. J. 9 (2), 115-120.].

Crash Simulation of a Vertical Drop Test of a B737 Fuselage Section with Overhead Bins and Luggage

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jackson, Karen E.; Fasanella, Edwin L.

2004-01-01

The focus of this paper is to describe a crash simulation of a 30-ft/s vertical drop test of a Boeing 737 (B737) fuselage section. The drop test of the 10-ft. long fuselage section of a B737 aircraft was conducted in November of 2000 at the FAA Technical Center in Atlantic City, NJ. The fuselage section was outfitted with two different commercial overhead stowage bins. In addition, 3,229-lbs. of luggage were packed in the cargo hold to represent a maximum take-off weight condition. The main objective of the test was to evaluate the response and failure modes of the overhead stowage bins in a narrow-body transport fuselage section when subjected to a severe, but survivable, impact. A secondary objective of the test was to generate experimental data for correlation with the crash simulation. A full-scale 3-dimensional finite element model of the fuselage section was developed and a crash simulation was conducted using the explicit, nonlinear transient dynamic code, MSC.Dytran. Pre-test predictions of the fuselage and overhead bin responses were generated for correlation with the drop test data. A description of the finite element model and an assessment of the analytical/experimental correlation are presented. In addition, suggestions for modifications to the model to improve correlation are proposed.

Large Block Test Final Report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lin, W

2001-12-01

This report documents the Large-Block Test (LBT) conducted at Fran Ridge near Yucca Mountain, Nevada. The LBT was a thermal test conducted on an exposed block of middle non-lithophysal Topopah Spring tuff (Tptpmn) and was designed to assist in understanding the thermal-hydrological-mechanical-chemical (THMC) processes associated with heating and then cooling a partially saturated fractured rock mass. The LBT was unique in that it was a large (3 x 3 x 4.5 m) block with top and sides exposed. Because the block was exposed at the surface, boundary conditions on five of the six sides of the block were relatively wellmore » known and controlled, making this test both easier to model and easier to monitor. This report presents a detailed description of the test as well as analyses of the data and conclusions drawn from the test. The rock block that was tested during the LBT was exposed by excavation and removal of the surrounding rock. The block was characterized and instrumented, and the sides were sealed and insulated to inhibit moisture and heat loss. Temperature on the top of the block was also controlled. The block was heated for 13 months, during which time temperature, moisture distribution, and deformation were monitored. After the test was completed and the block cooled down, a series of boreholes were drilled, and one of the heater holes was over-cored to collect samples for post-test characterization of mineralogy and mechanical properties. Section 2 provides background on the test. Section 3 lists the test objectives and describes the block site, the site configuration, and measurements made during the test. Section 3 also presents a chronology of events associated with the LBT, characterization of the block, and the pre-heat analyses of the test. Section 4 describes the fracture network contained in the block. Section 5 describes the heating/cooling system used to control the temperature in the block and presents the thermal history of the block during the test. Sections 5 through 9 report the measurements made on the block during the preheating, heating, and cooling phases. These measurements include temperature, thermal conductivity and diffusivity, hydrological measurements (electrical resistivity, neutron logging, gas pressure, and relative humidity), geomechanics, selected chemical analyses, and microbial activity. These sections also include analyses and simulations of the block behavior. Finally, conclusions are presented in Section 10. Complete data sets were submitted during the time the test was conducted. The data tracking numbers (DTNs) of all of the data are presented in Table 1-1.« less

Demonstration of the test-retest reliability and sensitivity of the Lower Limb Functional Index-10 as a measure of functional recovery post burn injury: a cross-sectional repeated measures study design.

PubMed

Ryland, Margaret E; Grisbrook, Tiffany L; Wood, Fiona M; Phillips, Michael; Edgar, Dale W

2016-01-01

Lower limb burns can significantly delay recovery of function. Measuring lower limb functional outcomes is challenging in the unique burn patient population and necessitates the use of reliable and valid tools. The aims of this study were to examine the test-retest reliability, sensitivity, and internal consistency of Sections 1 and 3 of the Lower Limb Functional Index-10 (LLFI-10) questionnaire for measuring functional ability in patients with lower limb burns over time. Twenty-nine adult patients who had sustained a lower limb burn injury in the previous 12 months completed the test-retest procedure of the study. In addition, the minimal detectable change (MDC) was calculated for Section 1 and 3 of the LLFI-10. Section 1 is focused on the activity limitations experienced by patients with a lower limb disorder whereas Section 3 involves patients indicating their current percentage of pre-injury duties. Section 1 of the LLFI-10 demonstrated excellent test-retest reliability (intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) 0.98, 95 % CI 0.96-0.99) whilst Section 3 demonstrated high test-retest reliability (ICC 0.88, 95 % CI 0.79-0.94). MDC scores for Sections 1 and 3 were 1.27 points and 30.22 %, respectively. Internal consistency was demonstrated with a significant negative association (r s  = -0.83) between Sections 1 and 3 of the LLFI-10 (p < 0.001). This study demonstrates that Section 1 and 3 of the LLFI-10 are reliable for measuring functional ability in patients who have sustained lower limb burns in the previous 12 months, and furthermore, Section 1 is sensitive to changes in patient function over time.

Model-Scale Aerodynamic Performance Testing of Proposed Modifications to the NASA Langley Low Speed Aeroacoustic Wind Tunnel

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Booth, Earl R., Jr.; Coston, Calvin W., Jr.

2005-01-01

Tests were performed on a 1/20th-scale model of the Low Speed Aeroacoustic Wind Tunnel to determine the performance effects of insertion of acoustic baffles in the tunnel inlet, replacement of the existing collector with a new collector design in the open jet test section, and addition of flow splitters to the acoustic baffle section downstream of the test section. As expected, the inlet baffles caused a reduction in facility performance. About half of the performance loss was recovered by addition the flow splitters to the downstream baffles. All collectors tested reduced facility performance. However, test chamber recirculation flow was reduced by the new collector designs and shielding of some of the microphones was reduced owing to the smaller size of the new collector. Overall performance loss in the facility is expected to be a 5 percent top flow speed reduction, but the facility will meet OSHA limits for external noise levels and recirculation in the test section will be reduced.

Development, Analysis and Testing of the High Speed Research Flexible Semispan Model

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schuster, David M.; Spain, Charles V.; Turnock, David L.; Rausch, Russ D.; Hamouda, M-Nabil; Vogler, William A.; Stockwell, Alan E.

1999-01-01

This report presents the work performed by Lockheed Martin Engineering and Sciences (LMES) in support of the High Speed Research (HSR) Flexible Semispan Model (FSM) wind-tunnel test. The test was conducted in order to assess the aerodynamic and aeroelastic character of a flexible high speed civil transport wing. Data was acquired for the purpose of code validation and trend evaluation for this type of wing. The report describes a number of activities in preparing for and conducting the wind-tunnel test. These included coordination of the design and fabrication, development of analytical models, analysis/hardware correlation, performance of laboratory tests, monitoring of model safety issues, and wind-tunnel data acquisition and reduction. Descriptions and relevant evaluations associated with the pretest data are given in sections 1 through 6, followed by pre- and post-test flutter analysis in section 7, and the results of the aerodynamics/loads test in section 8. Finally, section 9 provides some recommendations based on lessons learned throughout the FSM program.

7. PHOTOCOPY, PLANS, ELEVATIONS, AND SECTION DRAWING FOR MISSILE TEST ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

7. PHOTOCOPY, PLANS, ELEVATIONS, AND SECTION DRAWING FOR MISSILE TEST AND ASSEMBLY BUILDING. - NIKE Missile Base SL-40, Missile Test & Assembly Building, South end of launch area, northeast of Generator Building No. 3, Hecker, Monroe County, IL

Hydraulic Testing of Polymer Matrix Composite 102mm Tube Section Technical Report

DTIC Science & Technology

2018-04-01

Technical Report ARWSB-TR-18025 Hydraulic Testing of Polymer Matrix Composite 102mm Tube Section Technical Report Lucas B...1. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY) April 2018 2. REPORT TYPE Technical 3. DATES COVERED (From - To) 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Hydraulic Testing of...Polymer Matrix Composite 102mm Tube Section Technical Report 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER

Software Tool Issues

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hennell, Michael

This chapter relies on experience with tool development gained over the last thirty years. It shows that there are a large number of techniques that contribute to any successful project, and that formality is always the key: a modern software test tool is based on a firm mathematical foundation. After a brief introduction, Section 2 recalls and extends the terminology of Chapter 1. Section 3 discusses the the design of different sorts of static and dynamic analysis tools. Nine important issues to be taken into consideration when evaluating such tools are presented in Section 4. Section 5 investigates the interplay between testing and proof. In Section 6, we call for developers to take their own medicine and verify their tools. Finally, we conclude in Section 7 with a summary of our main messages, emphasising the important role of testing.

Mass spectrometric gas composition measurements associated with jet interaction tests in a high-enthalpy wind tunnel

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lewis, B. W.; Brown, K. G.; Wood, G. M., Jr.; Puster, R. L.; Paulin, P. A.; Fishel, C. E.; Ellerbe, D. A.

1986-01-01

Knowledge of test gas composition is important in wind-tunnel experiments measuring aerothermodynamic interactions. This paper describes measurements made by sampling the top of the test section during runs of the Langley 7-Inch High-Temperature Tunnel. The tests were conducted to determine the mixing of gas injected from a flat-plate model into a combustion-heated hypervelocity test stream and to monitor the CO2 produced in the combustion. The Mass Spectrometric (MS) measurements yield the mole fraction of N2 or He and CO2 reaching the sample inlets. The data obtained for several tunnel run conditions are related to the pressures measured in the tunnel test section and at the MS ionizer inlet. The apparent distributions of injected gas species and tunnel gas (CO2) are discussed relative to the sampling techniques. The measurements provided significant real-time data for the distribution of injected gases in the test section. The jet N2 diffused readily from the test stream, but the jet He was mostly entrained. The amounts of CO2 and Ar diffusing upward in the test section for several run conditions indicated the variability of the combustion-gas test-stream composition.

Calibration of the NASA Glenn 8- by 6-Foot Supersonic Wind Tunnel (1996 and 1997 Tests)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Arrington, E. Allen

2012-01-01

There were several physical and operational changes made to the NASA Glenn Research Center 8- by 6-Foot Supersonic Wind Tunnel during the period of 1992 through 1996. Following each of these changes, a facility calibration was conducted to provide the required information to support the research test programs. Due to several factors (facility research test schedule, facility downtime and continued facility upgrades), a full test section calibration was not conducted until 1996. This calibration test incorporated all test section configurations and covered the existing operating range of the facility. However, near the end of that test entry, two of the vortex generators mounted on the compressor exit tailcone failed causing minor damage to the honeycomb flow straightener. The vortex generators were removed from the facility and calibration testing was terminated. A follow-up test entry was conducted in 1997 in order to fully calibrate the facility without the effects of the vortex generators and to provide a complete calibration of the newly expanded low speed operating range. During the 1997 tunnel entry, all planned test points required for a complete test section calibration were obtained. This data set included detailed in-plane and axial flow field distributions for use in quantifying the test section flow quality.

Research review of potential safety effects of electronic billboards on driver attention and distraction

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1998-03-01

The Strategic Highway Research Program developed and coordinated construction of test sections for flexible pavement maintenance throughout the United States and Canada. Test sites included specific test sections for evaluation of the performance of ...

Air-to-air radar flight testing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Scott, Randall E.

1988-06-01

This volume in the AGARD Flight Test Techniques Series describes flight test techniques, flight test instrumentation, ground simulation, data reduction and analysis methods used to determine the performance characteristics of a modern air-to-air (a/a) radar system. Following a general coverage of specification requirements, test plans, support requirements, development and operational testing, and management information systems, the report goes into more detailed flight test techniques covering a/a radar capabilities of: detection, manual acquisition, automatic acquisition, tracking a single target, and detection and tracking of multiple targets. There follows a section on additional flight test considerations such as electromagnetic compatibility, electronic countermeasures, displays and controls, degraded and backup modes, radome effects, environmental considerations, and use of testbeds. Other sections cover ground simulation, flight test instrumentation, and data reduction and analysis. The final sections deal with reporting and a discussion of considerations for the future and how they may affect radar flight testing.

40 CFR 1048.315 - How do I know when my engine family fails the production-line testing requirements?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... fails the production-line testing requirements? 1048.315 Section 1048.315 Protection of Environment... fails the production-line testing requirements? This section describes the pass/fail criteria for the... the requirements that apply to individual engines that fail a production-line test. (a) Calculate your...

40 CFR 1048.315 - How do I know when my engine family fails the production-line testing requirements?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... fails the production-line testing requirements? 1048.315 Section 1048.315 Protection of Environment... fails the production-line testing requirements? This section describes the pass/fail criteria for the... the requirements that apply to individual engines that fail a production-line test. (a) Calculate your...

40 CFR 1048.315 - How do I know when my engine family fails the production-line testing requirements?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... fails the production-line testing requirements? 1048.315 Section 1048.315 Protection of Environment... fails the production-line testing requirements? This section describes the pass/fail criteria for the... the requirements that apply to individual engines that fail a production-line test. (a) Calculate your...

40 CFR 63.547 - Test methods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 10 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Test methods. 63.547 Section 63.547... Hazardous Air Pollutants From Secondary Lead Smelting § 63.547 Test methods. (a) You must use the test methods from appendix A of part 60 as listed in paragraphs (a)(1) through (5) of this section to determine...

40 CFR 63.547 - Test methods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 10 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Test methods. 63.547 Section 63.547... Hazardous Air Pollutants From Secondary Lead Smelting § 63.547 Test methods. (a) You must use the test methods from appendix A of part 60 as listed in paragraphs (a)(1) through (5) of this section to determine...

40 CFR 63.547 - Test methods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 10 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Test methods. 63.547 Section 63.547... Hazardous Air Pollutants From Secondary Lead Smelting § 63.547 Test methods. (a) You must use the test methods from appendix A of part 60 as listed in paragraphs (a)(1) through (5) of this section to determine...

9 CFR 113.41 - Calf safety test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Calf safety test. 113.41 Section 113.41 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE... Procedures § 113.41 Calf safety test. The calf safety test provided in this section shall be conducted when...

9 CFR 113.45 - Sheep safety test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Sheep safety test. 113.45 Section 113.45 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE... Procedures § 113.45 Sheep safety test. The sheep safety test provided in this section shall be conducted when...

49 CFR 178.345-13 - Pressure and leakage tests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Pressure and leakage tests. 178.345-13 Section 178... PACKAGINGS Specifications for Containers for Motor Vehicle Transportation § 178.345-13 Pressure and leakage tests. (a) Each cargo tank must be pressure and leakage tested in accordance with this section and...

40 CFR 63.11517 - What are my monitoring requirements?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) of this section. (1) Daily Method 9 testing for welding, Tier 2 or 3. Perform visual determination of... to the requirements of paragraph (d)(1) of this section. (3) Monthly Method 9 testing for welding... Method 22 testing for welding, Tier 2 or 3. If, after two consecutive months of testing, the average of...

33 CFR 150.515 - What are the requirements for weight testing of newly installed or relocated craft?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... weight testing of newly installed or relocated craft? 150.515 Section 150.515 Navigation and Navigable... testing of newly installed or relocated craft? (a) The operator must perform installation weight testing... (a) of this section, when survival crafts are relocated to another deepwater port. ...

46 CFR 113.05-7 - Environmental tests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Environmental tests. 113.05-7 Section 113.05-7 Shipping... SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT General Provisions § 113.05-7 Environmental tests. Communication, alarm system, control, and monitoring equipment must meet the environmental tests of— (a) Section 4-9-7, Table 9, of ABS...

9 CFR 93.406 - Diagnostic tests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Diagnostic tests. 93.406 Section 93... CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Ruminants § 93.406 Diagnostic tests. (a) Tuberculosis and brucellosis tests of cattle. Except as provided in paragraph (d) of this section and in §§ 93.418, 93.427(d), and 93...

46 CFR 58.16-19 - Tests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Tests. 58.16-19 Section 58.16-19 Shipping COAST GUARD... SYSTEMS Liquefied Petroleum Gases for Cooking and Heating § 58.16-19 Tests. (a) Installation. (1) After... tests prescribed in paragraph (a)(1) of this section, the distribution tubing shall be connected to the...

46 CFR 58.16-19 - Tests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Tests. 58.16-19 Section 58.16-19 Shipping COAST GUARD... SYSTEMS Liquefied Petroleum Gases for Cooking and Heating § 58.16-19 Tests. (a) Installation. (1) After... tests prescribed in paragraph (a)(1) of this section, the distribution tubing shall be connected to the...

46 CFR 58.16-19 - Tests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Tests. 58.16-19 Section 58.16-19 Shipping COAST GUARD... SYSTEMS Liquefied Petroleum Gases for Cooking and Heating § 58.16-19 Tests. (a) Installation. (1) After... tests prescribed in paragraph (a)(1) of this section, the distribution tubing shall be connected to the...

9 CFR 93.406 - Diagnostic tests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Diagnostic tests. 93.406 Section 93... CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Ruminants § 93.406 Diagnostic tests. (a) Tuberculosis and brucellosis tests of cattle. Except as provided in paragraph (d) of this section and in §§ 93.418, 93.427(d), and 93...

46 CFR 58.16-19 - Tests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Tests. 58.16-19 Section 58.16-19 Shipping COAST GUARD... SYSTEMS Liquefied Petroleum Gases for Cooking and Heating § 58.16-19 Tests. (a) Installation. (1) After... tests prescribed in paragraph (a)(1) of this section, the distribution tubing shall be connected to the...

40 CFR 86.603-98 - Test orders.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 19 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Test orders. 86.603-98 Section 86.603... New Light-Duty Vehicles, Light-Duty Trucks, and Heavy-Duty Vehicles § 86.603-98 Test orders. Section... vehicles in response to a test order. This shall be accomplished by submitting a list of engine families...

46 CFR 113.05-7 - Environmental tests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Environmental tests. 113.05-7 Section 113.05-7 Shipping... SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT General Provisions § 113.05-7 Environmental tests. Communication, alarm system, control, and monitoring equipment must meet the environmental tests of— (a) Section 4-9-7, Table 9, of ABS...

46 CFR 58.16-19 - Tests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Tests. 58.16-19 Section 58.16-19 Shipping COAST GUARD... SYSTEMS Liquefied Petroleum Gases for Cooking and Heating § 58.16-19 Tests. (a) Installation. (1) After... tests prescribed in paragraph (a)(1) of this section, the distribution tubing shall be connected to the...

40 CFR 86.1363-2007 - Steady-state testing with a discrete-mode cycle.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 19 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Steady-state testing with a discrete-mode cycle. 86.1363-2007 Section 86.1363-2007 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... Exhaust Test Procedures § 86.1363-2007 Steady-state testing with a discrete-mode cycle. This section...

The National Center Test for University Admissions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Watanabe, Yoshinori

2013-01-01

This article describes the National Center Test for University Admissions, a unified national test in Japan, which is taken by 500,000 students every year. It states that implementation of the Center Test began in 1990, with the English component consisting only of the written section until 2005, when the listening section was first implemented…

10 CFR 26.65 - Pre-access drug and alcohol testing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 10 Energy 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Pre-access drug and alcohol testing. 26.65 Section 26.65 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION FITNESS FOR DUTY PROGRAMS Granting and Maintaining Authorization § 26.65 Pre-access drug and alcohol testing. (a) Purpose. This section contains pre-access testing...

10 CFR 431.294 - Uniform test method for the measurement of energy consumption of refrigerated bottled or canned...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... consumption of refrigerated bottled or canned beverage vending machines. 431.294 Section 431.294 Energy... EQUIPMENT Refrigerated Bottled or Canned Beverage Vending Machines Test Procedures § 431.294 Uniform test... machines. (a) Scope. This section provides test procedures for measuring, pursuant to EPCA, the energy...

9 CFR 113.38 - Guinea pig safety test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Guinea pig safety test. 113.38 Section... Standard Procedures § 113.38 Guinea pig safety test. The guinea pig safety test provided in this section... be injected either intramuscularly or subcutaneously into each of two guinea pigs and the animals...

76 FR 27882 - Requirements for Bicycles

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-13

... be based on a test of each product or upon a reasonable testing program. Section 14(a)(2) of the CPSA requires that certifications for children's products be based on tests conducted by a CPSC-accepted third... laboratory). Under section 14(a)(3) of the CPSA, the requirement to third-party test children's products...

46 CFR 113.05-7 - Environmental tests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Environmental tests. 113.05-7 Section 113.05-7 Shipping... SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT General Provisions § 113.05-7 Environmental tests. Communication, alarm system, control, and monitoring equipment must meet the environmental tests of— (a) Section 4-9-7, Table 9, of ABS...

9 CFR 113.41 - Calf safety test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Calf safety test. 113.41 Section 113.41 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE... Procedures § 113.41 Calf safety test. The calf safety test provided in this section shall be conducted when...

9 CFR 113.45 - Sheep safety test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Sheep safety test. 113.45 Section 113.45 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE... Procedures § 113.45 Sheep safety test. The sheep safety test provided in this section shall be conducted when...

9 CFR 113.38 - Guinea pig safety test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Guinea pig safety test. 113.38 Section... Standard Procedures § 113.38 Guinea pig safety test. The guinea pig safety test provided in this section... be injected either intramuscularly or subcutaneously into each of two guinea pigs and the animals...

9 CFR 113.38 - Guinea pig safety test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Guinea pig safety test. 113.38 Section... Standard Procedures § 113.38 Guinea pig safety test. The guinea pig safety test provided in this section... be injected either intramuscularly or subcutaneously into each of two guinea pigs and the animals...

9 CFR 113.38 - Guinea pig safety test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Guinea pig safety test. 113.38 Section... Standard Procedures § 113.38 Guinea pig safety test. The guinea pig safety test provided in this section... be injected either intramuscularly or subcutaneously into each of two guinea pigs and the animals...

9 CFR 113.38 - Guinea pig safety test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Guinea pig safety test. 113.38 Section... Standard Procedures § 113.38 Guinea pig safety test. The guinea pig safety test provided in this section... be injected either intramuscularly or subcutaneously into each of two guinea pigs and the animals...

Construction and monitoring of thin overlay and crack sealant test sections at the Pecos test track.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-10-01

In this project, several crack sealant sections were constructed at the Pecos RTC. Six different sealants were : applied in routed and non-routed configurations on both older and newer pavement. The following summer, : the sections were revaluated in...

A "Projective" Test of the Golden Section Hypothesis.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lee, Chris; Adams-Webber, Jack

1987-01-01

In a projective test of the golden section hypothesis, 24 high school students rated themselves and 10 comic strip characters on basis of 12 bipolar constructs. Overall proportion of cartoon figures which subjects assigned to positive poles of constructs was very close to golden section. (Author/NB)

SLS Engine Section Test Article Loaded on Barge Pegasus at NASA's Michoud Assembly Facility

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-04-27

A NASA move team loaded the engine section structural qualification test article for the Space Launch System into the barge Pegasus docked in the harbor at NASA's Michoud Assembly Facility in New Orleans. The rocket's engine section is the bottom of the core stage and houses the four RS-25 engines. The engine section test article was moved from Building 103, Michoud’s 43-acre rocket factory, to the barge where it was loaded for a river trip to NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama. The bottom part of the test article is structurally the same as the engine section that will be flown as part of the SLS core stage. The shiny metal top part simulates the rocket's liquid hydrogen tank, which is the fuel tank that joins to the engine section. The barge Pegasus will travel 1,240 miles by river to Marshall and endure tests that pull, push, and bend it, subjecting it to millions of pounds of force. This ensures the structure can withstand the incredible stresses produced by the 8.8 million pounds of thrust during launch and ascent.

Modifications to the Langley 8-foot transonic pressure tunnel for the laminar flow control experiment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Harris, Charles D.; Brooks, Cuyler W., Jr.

1988-01-01

Modifications to the NASA Langley 8 Foot Transonic Pressure Tunnel in support of the Lamina Flow Control (LFC) Experiment included the installation of a honeymoon and five screens in the settling chamber upstream of the test section 41-long test section liner that extended from the upstream end of the test section contraction region, through the best section, and into the diffuser. The honeycomb and screens were installed as permanent additions to the facility, and the liner was a temporary addition to be removed at the conclusion of the LFC Experiment. These modifications are briefly described.

Analytical Work in Support of the Design and Operation of Two Dimensional Self Streamlining Test Sections

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Judd, M.; Wolf, S. W. D.; Goodyer, M. J.

1976-01-01

A method has been developed for accurately computing the imaginary flow fields outside a flexible walled test section, applicable to lifting and non-lifting models. The tolerances in the setting of the flexible walls introduce only small levels of aerodynamic interference at the model. While it is not possible to apply corrections for the interference effects, they may be reduced by improving the setting accuracy of the portions of wall immediately above and below the model. Interference effects of the truncation of the length of the streamlined portion of a test section are brought to an acceptably small level by the use of a suitably long test section with the model placed centrally.

Blockage Testing in the NASA Glenn 225 Square Centimeter Supersonic Wind Tunnel

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sevier, Abigail; Davis, David O.; Schoenenberger, Mark

2017-01-01

The starting characteristics for three different model geometries were tested in the Glenn Research Center 225 Square Centimeter Supersonic Wind Tunnel. The test models were tested at Mach 2, 2.5 and 3 in a square test section and at Mach 2.5 again in an asymmetric test section. The results gathered in this study will help size the test models and inform other design features for the eventual implementation of a magnetic suspension system.

40 CFR 1066.415 - Vehicle operation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 33 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Vehicle operation. 1066.415 Section... VEHICLE-TESTING PROCEDURES Preparing Vehicles and Running an Exhaust Emission Test § 1066.415 Vehicle operation. This section describes how to test a conventionally configured vehicle (vehicles with...

ExFiT Flight Design and Structural Modeling for FalconLAUNCH VIII Sounding Rocket

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-03-01

frequencies of the test specimen. Next, the accelerometers were placed along the trailing edge of both the main wing and winglet sections. In the first...once again used however, the accelerometer originally in the winglet section was moved to the cut out portion of the main wing section. In this test...the part was struck on the joining section of the specimen connecting both main wing and winglet sections. Finally, the ping hammer was loaded with a

26 CFR 1.401(a)(26)-7 - Testing methods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 5 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Testing methods. 1.401(a)(26)-7 Section 1.401(a... Testing methods. (a) Testing on each day of the plan year. A plan satisfies section 401(a)(26) for a plan... the year under the rules in § 1.401(a)(26)-5. (b) Simplified testing method. A plan is treated as...

26 CFR 1.401(a)(26)-7 - Testing methods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 5 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Testing methods. 1.401(a)(26)-7 Section 1.401(a... Testing methods. (a) Testing on each day of the plan year. A plan satisfies section 401(a)(26) for a plan... the year under the rules in § 1.401(a)(26)-5. (b) Simplified testing method. A plan is treated as...

26 CFR 1.401(a)(26)-7 - Testing methods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 5 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Testing methods. 1.401(a)(26)-7 Section 1.401(a... Testing methods. (a) Testing on each day of the plan year. A plan satisfies section 401(a)(26) for a plan... the year under the rules in § 1.401(a)(26)-5. (b) Simplified testing method. A plan is treated as...

26 CFR 1.401(a)(26)-7 - Testing methods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 5 2012-04-01 2011-04-01 true Testing methods. 1.401(a)(26)-7 Section 1.401(a... Testing methods. (a) Testing on each day of the plan year. A plan satisfies section 401(a)(26) for a plan... the year under the rules in § 1.401(a)(26)-5. (b) Simplified testing method. A plan is treated as...

Simulating the Impact Response of Full-Scale Composite Airframe Structures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fasanella, Edwin L.; Jackson, Karen E.; Littell, Justin D.; Seal, Michael D.

2012-01-01

NASA Langley Research Center obtained a composite helicopter cabin structure in 2010 from the US Army's Survivable Affordable Repairable Airframe Program (SARAP) that was fabricated by Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation. The cabin had been subjected to a vertical drop test in 2008 to evaluate a tilting roof concept to limit the intrusion of overhead masses into the fuselage cabin. Damage to the cabin test article was limited primarily to the roof. Consequently, the roof area was removed and the remaining structure was cut into test specimens including a large subfloor section and a forward framed fuselage section. In 2011, NASA and Sikorsky entered into a cooperative research agreement to study the impact responses of composite airframe structures and to evaluate the capabilities of the explicit transient dynamic finite element code, LS-DYNA®, to simulate these responses including damage initiation and progressive failure. Most of the test articles were manufactured of graphite unidirectional tape composite with a thermoplastic resin system. However, the framed fuselage section was constructed primarily of a plain weave graphite fabric material with a thermoset resin system. Test data were collected from accelerometers and full-field photogrammetry. The focus of this paper will be to document impact testing and simulation results for the longitudinal impact of the subfloor section and the vertical drop test of the forward framed fuselage section.

40 CFR 1051.315 - How do I know when my engine family fails the production-line testing requirements?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... fails the production-line testing requirements? 1051.315 Section 1051.315 Protection of Environment... family fails the production-line testing requirements? This section describes the pass-fail criteria for....320 for the requirements that apply to individual vehicles or engines that fail a production-line test...

40 CFR 1045.315 - How do I know when my engine family fails the production-line testing requirements?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... fails the production-line testing requirements? 1045.315 Section 1045.315 Protection of Environment... family fails the production-line testing requirements? This section describes the pass-fail criteria for... § 1045.320 for the requirements that apply to individual engines that fail a production-line test. (a...

40 CFR 1054.315 - How do I know when my engine family fails the production-line testing requirements?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... fails the production-line testing requirements? 1054.315 Section 1054.315 Protection of Environment... family fails the production-line testing requirements? This section describes the pass-fail criteria for... § 1054.320 for the requirements that apply to individual engines that fail a production-line test. (a...

40 CFR 1045.315 - How do I know when my engine family fails the production-line testing requirements?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... fails the production-line testing requirements? 1045.315 Section 1045.315 Protection of Environment... family fails the production-line testing requirements? This section describes the pass-fail criteria for... § 1045.320 for the requirements that apply to individual engines that fail a production-line test. (a...

40 CFR 1045.315 - How do I know when my engine family fails the production-line testing requirements?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... fails the production-line testing requirements? 1045.315 Section 1045.315 Protection of Environment... family fails the production-line testing requirements? This section describes the pass-fail criteria for... § 1045.320 for the requirements that apply to individual engines that fail a production-line test. (a...

40 CFR 1054.315 - How do I know when my engine family fails the production-line testing requirements?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... fails the production-line testing requirements? 1054.315 Section 1054.315 Protection of Environment... family fails the production-line testing requirements? This section describes the pass-fail criteria for... § 1054.320 for the requirements that apply to individual engines that fail a production-line test. (a...

40 CFR 1051.315 - How do I know when my engine family fails the production-line testing requirements?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... fails the production-line testing requirements? 1051.315 Section 1051.315 Protection of Environment... family fails the production-line testing requirements? This section describes the pass-fail criteria for....320 for the requirements that apply to individual vehicles or engines that fail a production-line test...

49 CFR 238.315 - Class IA brake test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Class IA brake test. 238.315 Section 238.315... Requirements for Tier I Passenger Equipment § 238.315 Class IA brake test. (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, either a Class I or a Class IA brake test shall be performed: (1) Prior to the...

10 CFR 431.96 - Uniform test method for the measurement of energy efficiency of commercial air conditioners and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... efficiency of commercial air conditioners and heat pumps. 431.96 Section 431.96 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY... Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps Test Procedures § 431.96 Uniform test method for the measurement of energy efficiency of commercial air conditioners and heat pumps. (a) Scope. This section contains test...

10 CFR 431.96 - Uniform test method for the measurement of energy efficiency of commercial air conditioners and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... efficiency of commercial air conditioners and heat pumps. 431.96 Section 431.96 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY... Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps Test Procedures § 431.96 Uniform test method for the measurement of energy efficiency of commercial air conditioners and heat pumps. (a) Scope. This section contains test...

Atom Optics for Bose-Einstein Condensates (BEC)

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-04-25

Electron Micrograph of the Top View of Test Chip A .......................................29 11. A Scanning Electron Micrograph of the Cross...Sectional View of Test Chip A .....................29 12. A Scanning Electron Micrograph of the Top View of Test Chip B...30 13. A Scanning Electron Micrograph of the Cross Sectional View of Test Chip B .....................30 14. Toner Masks for Etching

General Mechanical Repair. Minor Automotive Maintenance, Small Engine [Repair, and] Welding: Competency Test Package.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hamlin, Larry

This document contains the competency test package for three sections of a general mechanical repair course: minor automotive maintenance, small engine mechanics, and welding. Following a list of the common essential elements for trade and industrial education, competency tests for the three sections are provided. Each test includes unit name,…

10 CFR 431.134 - Uniform test methods for the measurement of energy and water consumption of automatic commercial...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... water consumption of automatic commercial ice makers. 431.134 Section 431.134 Energy DEPARTMENT OF... Automatic Commercial Ice Makers Test Procedures § 431.134 Uniform test methods for the measurement of energy and water consumption of automatic commercial ice makers. (a) Scope. This section provides the test...

10 CFR 431.134 - Uniform test methods for the measurement of energy and water consumption of automatic commercial...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... water consumption of automatic commercial ice makers. 431.134 Section 431.134 Energy DEPARTMENT OF... Automatic Commercial Ice Makers Test Procedures § 431.134 Uniform test methods for the measurement of energy and water consumption of automatic commercial ice makers. (a) Scope. This section provides the test...

16 CFR 1215.2 - Requirements for infant bath seats.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... degrees. Measure and record the pre-test angle of the test bar. (ii) [Reserved] (5) Between section 7.4.2...)—(Angle measured pre-test). (ii) [Reserved] (6) Instead of complying with the first sentence in section 7... with 7.4. In addition, if any attachment point disengages from (is no longer in contact with) the test...

16 CFR 1215.2 - Requirements for infant bath seats.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... degrees. Measure and record the pre-test angle of the test bar. (ii) [Reserved] (5) Between section 7.4.2...)—(Angle measured pre-test). (ii) [Reserved] (6) Instead of complying with the first sentence in section 7... with 7.4. In addition, if any attachment point disengages from (is no longer in contact with) the test...

9 CFR 113.33 - Mouse safety tests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Mouse safety tests. 113.33 Section 113... Procedures § 113.33 Mouse safety tests. One of the mouse safety tests provided in this section shall be... or more ingredients makes the biological product lethal or toxic for mice but not lethal or toxic for...

9 CFR 113.33 - Mouse safety tests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Mouse safety tests. 113.33 Section 113... Procedures § 113.33 Mouse safety tests. One of the mouse safety tests provided in this section shall be... or more ingredients makes the biological product lethal or toxic for mice but not lethal or toxic for...

9 CFR 113.33 - Mouse safety tests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Mouse safety tests. 113.33 Section 113... Procedures § 113.33 Mouse safety tests. One of the mouse safety tests provided in this section shall be... or more ingredients makes the biological product lethal or toxic for mice but not lethal or toxic for...

9 CFR 113.33 - Mouse safety tests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Mouse safety tests. 113.33 Section 113... Procedures § 113.33 Mouse safety tests. One of the mouse safety tests provided in this section shall be... or more ingredients makes the biological product lethal or toxic for mice but not lethal or toxic for...

9 CFR 113.33 - Mouse safety tests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Mouse safety tests. 113.33 Section 113... Procedures § 113.33 Mouse safety tests. One of the mouse safety tests provided in this section shall be... or more ingredients makes the biological product lethal or toxic for mice but not lethal or toxic for...

9 CFR 113.44 - Swine safety test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Swine safety test. 113.44 Section 113... Procedures § 113.44 Swine safety test. The swine safety test provided in this section shall be conducted when.... (1) Inject each of two swine of the minimum age for which the product is recommended with the...

9 CFR 113.44 - Swine safety test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Swine safety test. 113.44 Section 113... Procedures § 113.44 Swine safety test. The swine safety test provided in this section shall be conducted when.... (1) Inject each of two swine of the minimum age for which the product is recommended with the...

9 CFR 113.44 - Swine safety test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Swine safety test. 113.44 Section 113... Procedures § 113.44 Swine safety test. The swine safety test provided in this section shall be conducted when.... (1) Inject each of two swine of the minimum age for which the product is recommended with the...

9 CFR 113.44 - Swine safety test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Swine safety test. 113.44 Section 113... Procedures § 113.44 Swine safety test. The swine safety test provided in this section shall be conducted when.... (1) Inject each of two swine of the minimum age for which the product is recommended with the...

9 CFR 113.44 - Swine safety test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Swine safety test. 113.44 Section 113... Procedures § 113.44 Swine safety test. The swine safety test provided in this section shall be conducted when.... (1) Inject each of two swine of the minimum age for which the product is recommended with the...

40 CFR 53.52 - Leak check test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... be verified at the highest and lowest pressures and temperatures used in the tests and shall be... 40 Protection of Environment 6 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Leak check test. 53.52 Section 53.52... Leak check test. (a) Overview. In section 7.4.6 of 40 CFR part 50, appendix L, the sampler is required...

46 CFR 163.002-21 - Approval tests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 6 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Approval tests. 163.002-21 Section 163.002-21 Shipping...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL CONSTRUCTION Pilot Hoist § 163.002-21 Approval tests. (a) General. If a pilot hoist fails one of the tests in this section the cause of the failure must be identified and any needed design...

16 CFR 1209.7 - Test procedures for smoldering combustion.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Test procedures for smoldering combustion. 1209.7 Section 1209.7 Commercial Practices CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY... for smoldering combustion. This section provides the test method for determining smoldering combustion...

16 CFR 1209.7 - Test procedures for smoldering combustion.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Test procedures for smoldering combustion. 1209.7 Section 1209.7 Commercial Practices CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY... for smoldering combustion. This section provides the test method for determining smoldering combustion...

16 CFR 1209.7 - Test procedures for smoldering combustion.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Test procedures for smoldering combustion. 1209.7 Section 1209.7 Commercial Practices CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY... for smoldering combustion. This section provides the test method for determining smoldering combustion...

16 CFR 1209.7 - Test procedures for smoldering combustion.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Test procedures for smoldering combustion. 1209.7 Section 1209.7 Commercial Practices CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY... for smoldering combustion. This section provides the test method for determining smoldering combustion...

Investigation of improved compaction by rubber-tire rollers : final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1987-01-01

The study consisted of a review of the literature and field testing on five projects. The field testing on each project consisted of rolling a conventional section using the contractor's steel-wheel rollers and rolling a test section using a rubber-t...

Evaluation of the NASA Ames no. 1 7 by 10 foot wind tunnel as an acoustic test facility

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wilby, J. F.; Scharton, T. D.

1975-01-01

Measurements were made in the no. 1 7'x10' wind tunnel at NASA Ames Research Center, with the objectives of defining the acoustic characteristics and recommending minimum cost treatments so that the tunnel can be converted into an acoustic research facility. The results indicate that the noise levels in the test section are due to (a) noise generation in the test section, associated with the presence of solid bodies such as the pitot tube, and (b) propagation of acoustic energy from the fan. A criterion for noise levels in the test section is recommended, based on low-noise microphone support systems. Noise control methods required to meet the criterion include removal of hardware items for the test section and diffuser, improved design of microphone supports, and installation of acoustic treatment in the settling chamber and diffuser.

16-foot transonic tunnel test section flowfield survey

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Yetter, J. A.; Abeyounis, W. K.

1994-01-01

A flow survey has been made of the test section of the NASA Langley Research Center 16-Foot Transonic Tunnel at subsonic and supersonic speeds. The survey was performed using five five-hole pyramid-head probes mounted at 14 inch intervals on a survey rake. Probes were calibrated at freestream Mach numbers from 0.50 to 0.95 and from 1.18 to 1.23. Flowfield surveys were made at Mach numbers from 0.50 to 0.90 and at Mach 1.20. The surveys were made at tunnel stations 130.6, 133.6, and 136.0. By rotating the survey rake through 180 degrees, a cylindrical volume of the test section 4.7 feet in diameter and 5.4 feet long centered about the tunnel centerline was surveyed. Survey results showing the measured test section upflow and sideflow characteristics and local Mach number distributions are presented. The report documents the survey probe calibration techniques used, summarizes the procedural problems encountered during testing, and identifies the data discrepancies observed during the post-test data analysis.

Experimental investigation of wall shock cancellation and reduction of wall interference in transonic testing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ferri, A.; Roffe, G.

1975-01-01

A series of experiments were performed to evaluate the effectiveness of a three-dimensional land and groove wall geometry and a variable permeability distribution to reduce the interference produced by the porous walls of a supercritical transonic test section. The three-dimensional wall geometry was found to diffuse the pressure perturbations caused by small local mismatches in wall porosity permitting the use of a relatively coarse wall porosity control to reduce or eliminate wall interference effects. The wall porosity distribution required was found to be a sensitive function of Mach number requiring that the Mach number repeatability characteristics of the test apparatus be quite good. The effectiveness of a variable porosity wall is greatest in the upstream region of the test section where the pressure differences across the wall are largest. An effective variable porosity wall in the down stream region of the test section requires the use of a slightly convergent test section geometry.

Pegasus delivers SLS engine section

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-03-03

NASA engineers install test hardware for the agency's new heavy lift rocket, the Space Launch System, into a newly constructed 50-foot structural test stand at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center. In the stand, hydraulic cylinders will be electronically controlled to push, pull, twist and bend the test article with millions of pounds of force. Engineers will record and analyze over 3,000 channels of data for each test case to verify the capabilities of the engine section and validate that the design and analysis models accurately predict the amount of loads the core stage can withstand during launch and ascent. The engine section, recently delivered via NASA's barge Pegasus from NASA's Michoud Assembly Facility, is the first of four core stage structural test articles scheduled to be delivered to Marshall for testing. The engine section, located at the bottom of SLS's massive core stage, will house the rocket's four RS-25 engines and be an attachment point for the two solid rocket boosters.

Pegasus delivers SLS engine section

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-05-18

NASA engineers install test hardware for the agency's new heavy lift rocket, the Space Launch System, into a newly constructed 50-foot structural test stand at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center. In the stand, hydraulic cylinders will be electronically controlled to push, pull, twist and bend the test article with millions of pounds of force. Engineers will record and analyze over 3,000 channels of data for each test case to verify the capabilities of the engine section and validate that the design and analysis models accurately predict the amount of loads the core stage can withstand during launch and ascent. The engine section, recently delivered via NASA's barge Pegasus from NASA's Michoud Assembly Facility, is the first of four core stage structural test articles scheduled to be delivered to Marshall for testing. The engine section, located at the bottom of SLS's massive core stage, will house the rocket's four RS-25 engines and be an attachment point for the two solid rocket boosters.

LPT. Low power test (TAN640 and641) sections. Referent drawing is ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

LPT. Low power test (TAN-640 and-641) sections. Referent drawing is HAER ID-33-E-292. Section A shows cable tunnel between reactor cells and control room. Bridge crane, roof, ladder details. Ralph M. Parsons 1229-12 ANP/GE-7-640-A-3. November 1956. Approved by INEEL Classification Office for public release. INEEL index code no. 038-0640-00-693-107276 - Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Test Area North, Scoville, Butte County, ID

Influence of Test Section Geometry on the Blast Environment in an Explosively Driven Conical Shock Tube

DTIC Science & Technology

2018-03-30

ARL-TR-8335•MAR 2018 US Army Research Laboratory Influence of Test Section Geometry on theBlast Environment in an Explosively DrivenConical Shock...ARL-TR-8335•MAR 2018 US Army Research Laboratory Influence of Test Section Geometry on theBlast Environment in an Explosively DrivenConical Shock...Tube by Joel B Stewart Weapons and Materials Research Directorate, ARL Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. REPORT DOCUMENTATION

Vertical drop test of a transport fuselage section located forward of the wing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Williams, M. S.; Hayduk, R. J.

1983-01-01

A Boeing 707 fuselage section was drop tested at the NASA Langley Research Center to measure structural, seat, and occupant response to vertical crack loads. Post-test inspection showed that the section bottom collapsed inward approximately 2 ft. Preliminary data traces indicated maximum normal accelerations of 20 g on the fuselage bottom, 10 to 12 g on the cabin floor, and 6.5 to 8 g in the pelvises of the anthropomorphic dummies.

The Langley 14- by 22-Foot Subsonic Tunnel: Description, Flow Characteristics, and Guide for Users

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gentry, Garl L., Jr.; Quinto, P. Frank; Gatlin, Gregory M.; Applin, Zachary T.

1990-01-01

The Langley 14- by 22-foot Subsonic Tunnel is a closed circuit, single-return atmospheric wind tunnel with a test section that can be operated in a variety of configurations (closed, slotted, partially open, and open). The closed test section configuration is 14.5 ft high by 21.75 ft wide and 50 ft long with a maximum speed of about 338 ft/sec. The open test section configuration has a maximum speed of about 270 ft/sec, and is formed by raising the ceiling and walls, to form a floor-only configuration. The tunnel may be configured with a moving-belt ground plane and a floor boundary-layer removal system at the entrance to the test section for ground effect testing. In addition, the tunnel had a two-component laser velocimeter, a frequency modulated (FM) tape system for dynamic data acquisition, flow visualization equipment, and acoustic testing capabilities. Users of the 14- by 22-foot Subsonic Tunnel are provided with information required for planning of experimental investigations including test hardware and model support systems.

Pressure distributions obtained on a 0.10-scale model of the Space Shuttle Orbiter's forebody in the Ames Unitary Plan Wind Tunnel

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Siemers, P. M., III; Henry, M. W.

1986-01-01

Pressure distribution test data obtained on a 0.10-scale model of the forward fuselage of the Space Shuttle Orbiter are presented without analysis. The tests were completed in the Ames Unitary Wind Tunnel (UPWT). The UPWT tests were conducted in two different test sections operating in the continuous mode, the 8 x 7 feet and 9 x 7 feet test sections. Each test section has its own Mach number range, 1.6 to 2.5 and 2.5 to 3.5 for the 9 x 7 feet and 8 x 7 feet test section, respectively. The test Reynolds number ranged from 1.6 to 2.5 x 10 to the 6th power ft and 0.6 to 2.0 x 10 to the 6th power ft, respectively. The tests were conducted in support of the development of the Shuttle Entry Air Data System (SEADS). In addition to modeling the 20 SEADS orifices, the wind-tunnel model was also instrumented with orifices to match Development Flight Instrumentation (DFI) port locations that existed on the Space Shuttle Columbia (OV-102) during the Orbiter Flight test program. This DFI simulation has provided a means for comparisons between reentry flight pressure data and wind-tunnel and computational data.

26 CFR 56.4911-1 - Tax on excess lobbying expenditures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... expenditure test election under section 501(h) is in effect (an “electing public charity”). An electing public... legislation through grass roots lobbying, the grass roots nontaxable amount (see paragraph (c) of this section... expenditures. For any taxable year for which the expenditure test election under section 501(h) is in effect...

26 CFR 56.4911-1 - Tax on excess lobbying expenditures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... expenditure test election under section 501(h) is in effect (an “electing public charity”). An electing public... legislation through grass roots lobbying, the grass roots nontaxable amount (see paragraph (c) of this section... expenditures. For any taxable year for which the expenditure test election under section 501(h) is in effect...

Full depth bituminous recycling of I-70, Thomas County, Kansas

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2004-01-01

In 1990, 13 full depth asphalt pavement test sections were built on a portion of I-70 in Thomas County, Kansas. Various combinations of hot mix and cold recycle mixes with different additives were used to build the test sections. Two of the test sect...

Technical memo, project 0-6132 : task 6 - test sections in the districts.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-02-01

This Tech Memo provides a summary of the Lab Test, Distress Survey, and Construction Reports for the CAM Test Sections constructed on FM 158 (E William J. Bryan Pkwy) in the Bryan District. TTI was requested by both the Contractor (Knife River Corpor...

Test techniques: A survey paper on cryogenic tunnels, adaptive wall test sections, and magnetic suspension and balance systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kilgore, Robert A.; Dress, David A.; Wolf, Stephen W. D.; Britcher, Colin P.

1989-01-01

The ability to get good experimental data in wind tunnels is often compromised by things seemingly beyond our control. Inadequate Reynolds number, wall interference, and support interference are three of the major problems in wind tunnel testing. Techniques for solving these problems are available. Cryogenic wind tunnels solve the problem of low Reynolds number. Adaptive wall test sections can go a long way toward eliminating wall interference. A magnetic suspension and balance system (MSBS) completely eliminates support interference. Cryogenic tunnels, adaptive wall test sections, and MSBS are surveyed. A brief historical overview is given and the present state of development and application in each area is described.

Suppression of background noise in a transonic wind-tunnel test section

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schutzenhofer, L. A.; Howard, P. W.

1975-01-01

Some exploratory tests were recently performed in the transonic test section of the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center 14-in. wind tunnel to suppress the background noise. In these tests, the perforated walls of the test section were covered with fine wire screens. The screens eliminated the edge tones generated by the holes in the perforated walls and significantly reduced the tunnel background noise. The tunnel noise levels were reduced to such a degree by this simple modification at Mach numbers 0.75, 0.9, 1.1, 1.2, and 1.46 that the fluctuating pressure levels of a turbulent boundary layer could be measured on a 5-deg half-angle cone.

Calibration Tunnel for High Speed

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pretsch, J.

1946-01-01

For the nvestigation of measuring instruments at higher speeds up to a Mach number 0.7 a tunnel with closed test section was built in 1942 which was as simple and cheap as possble. The blower was a radial blower with straight sheet vanes of 800-millimeter diameter the tips of which were bent backward a little. The blower sucks the air through a honeycomb of diameter 1.2 neter with wide meshes. The air is then accelerated in a short cone with smooth transition to the test section. The cylindrical test section of 200-milimeter diameter has two windows (which are displaced 180 deg from each other. The instruments may be introduced and observed through and observed through these windows. . The cross section is then enlarged by a straight diffuser 3.5 meters long and reaches the ninefold cross section. The air flows back into the room through a disk diffuser of 2-meter diameter. The maximum speed in the jet is 250 m/s for a drive power of 35 kT., if there are no installations in the jet. The velocity is determined by pressure holed along the test section.

Blockage Testing in the NASA Glenn 225 Square Centimeter Supersonic Wind Tunnel

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sevier, Abigail; Davis, David; Schoenenberger, Mark

2017-01-01

A feasibility study is in progress at NASA Glenn Research Center to implement a magnetic suspension and balance system in the 225 sq cm Supersonic Wind Tunnel for the purpose of testing the dynamic stability of blunt bodies. An important area of investigation in this study was determining the optimum size of the model and the iron spherical core inside of it. In order to minimize the required magnetic field and thus the size of the magnetic suspension system, it was determined that the test model should be as large as possible. Blockage tests were conducted to determine the largest possible model that would allow for tunnel start at Mach 2, 2.5, and 3. Three different forebody model geometries were tested at different Mach numbers, axial locations in the tunnel, and in both a square and axisymmetric test section. Experimental results showed that different model geometries produced more varied results at higher Mach Numbers. It was also shown that testing closer to the nozzle allowed larger models to start compared with testing near the end of the test section. Finally, allowable model blockage was larger in the axisymmetric test section compared with the square test section at the same Mach number. This testing answered key questions posed by the feasibility study and will be used in the future to dictate model size and performance required from the magnetic suspension system.

Section 608 Technician Certification Test Topics

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Identifies some of the topics covered on Section 608 Technician Certification tests such as ozone depletion, the Clean Air Act and Montreal Protocol, Substitute Refrigerants and oils, Refrigeration and Recovery Techniques.

An Investigation into Pragmatic Knowledge in the Reading Section of TOLIMO, TOEFL, and IELTS Examinations

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Karbalaei, Alireza; Rahmanzade, Mehrnaz Kashkooli

2015-01-01

The present study focused on the analysis of listening sections of two international English proficiency tests, i.e. IELTS and TOEFL tests, and one local English proficiency test, i.e. TOLIMO from pragmatic perspective. An attempt was made to explore the areas of pragmatic knowledge presented, and to assess test takers' pragmatic knowledge. For…

40 CFR 63.7142 - What are the requirements for claiming area source status?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... test must be repeated. (v) The post-test analyte spike procedure of section 11.2.7 of ASTM Method D6735... (3) ASTM Method D6735-01, Standard Test Method for Measurement of Gaseous Chlorides and Fluorides...)(3)(i) through (vi) of this section are followed. (i) A test must include three or more runs in which...

40 CFR 63.7142 - What are the requirements for claiming area source status?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... test must be repeated. (v) The post-test analyte spike procedure of section 11.2.7 of ASTM Method D6735... (3) ASTM Method D6735-01, Standard Test Method for Measurement of Gaseous Chlorides and Fluorides...)(3)(i) through (vi) of this section are followed. (i) A test must include three or more runs in which...

40 CFR 63.7142 - What are the requirements for claiming area source status?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... test must be repeated. (v) The post-test analyte spike procedure of section 11.2.7 of ASTM Method D6735... (3) ASTM Method D6735-01, Standard Test Method for Measurement of Gaseous Chlorides and Fluorides...)(3)(i) through (vi) of this section are followed. (i) A test must include three or more runs in which...

40 CFR 63.7142 - What are the requirements for claiming area source status?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... test must be repeated. (v) The post-test analyte spike procedure of section 11.2.7 of ASTM Method D6735... (3) ASTM Method D6735-01, Standard Test Method for Measurement of Gaseous Chlorides and Fluorides...)(3)(i) through (vi) of this section are followed. (i) A test must include three or more runs in which...

40 CFR 63.7142 - What are the requirements for claiming area source status?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... test must be repeated. (v) The post-test analyte spike procedure of section 11.2.7 of ASTM Method D6735... (3) ASTM Method D6735-01, Standard Test Method for Measurement of Gaseous Chlorides and Fluorides...)(3)(i) through (vi) of this section are followed. (i) A test must include three or more runs in which...

40 CFR 52.2020 - Identification of plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...) Compliance and test methods 11/1/97 6/8/98, 63 FR 31116 (c)(131). Subchapter D—Motor Vehicle Emissions.../02 12/8/04, 69 FR 70893 (c)(229). Section 130.108 Test procedures 10/5/02 12/8/04, 69 FR 70893 (c....414 Modification of variance 10/11/08 10/18/10, 75 FR 63717. TEST METHODS Section 130.431 Testing for...

75 FR 34360 - Consumer Product Safety Act: Notice of Commission Action on the Stay of Enforcement of Testing...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-17

... certification provisions of section 14 of the Consumer Product Safety Act (CPSA) as amended by section 102 of..., the certification must be based on a test of each product or a reasonable testing program. For children's products, the certification must be based on testing conducted by a CPSC-accepted third party...

Preliminary Investigation of the Shock-Boundary Layer Interaction in a Simulated Fan Passage

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-03-01

unlimited 2b DECLASSIFICATION/DOWNGRADING SCHEDULE 4 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER(S) 5 MONITORING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER(S) 6a NAME OF...Figure 4. Vortex Generator Jets Configuration [Ref. 2] 27 Figure 5 . Cascade Geometry 28 Figure 6. Schematic of Transonic Cascade Wind Tunnel 29 Figure 7... 65 Figure A9. Test Section Top Blade 66 Figure A1O. Test Section Middle Blade 67 Figure A 11. Test Section Lower Blade 68 Figure A12. Pressure Tap

Effect of Free Stream Turbulence on Flow Past a Circular Cylinder at Low Reynolds Numbers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kumar, Vinoth; Singh, Mrityunjay; Thangadurai, Murugan; Chatterjee, P. K.

2018-01-01

Circular cylinders experiencing different upstream flow conditions have been studied for low Reynolds numbers using hot-wire anemometry and smoke flow visualizations. The upstream condition of the cylinder in the test section is varied using a wire mesh placed at the entrance of the test section. The Reynolds number is varied by varying the diameter of the cylinder and the mean velocity in the test section. Smooth cylinders of diameter varying from 1.25 to 25 mm are used in the present study. A multi-channel hot-wire anemometry is used for measuring the fluctuating velocities in the test section and the wake behind the cylinder. The sectional views of the wake behind the cylinder are obtained using a 4 MP CCD camera, 200 mJ pulsed laser and a fog generator. The flow quality in the test section is examined using higher order turbulence statistics. The effect of free stream turbulence levels and their frequencies on wake structures and the shedding frequencies of circular cylinders are studied in detail. It has been observed that the alteration in wake structure and the shedding frequency depend strongly on the frequencies and the amplitudes of upstream disturbances besides the diameter of the circular cylinder.

Space Launch System Base Heating Test: Sub-Scale Rocket Engine/Motor Design, Development and Performance Analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mehta, Manish; Seaford, Mark; Kovarik, Brian; Dufrene, Aaron; Solly, Nathan; Kirchner, Robert; Engel, Carl D.

2014-01-01

The Space Launch System (SLS) base heating test is broken down into two test programs: (1) Pathfinder and (2) Main Test. The Pathfinder Test Program focuses on the design, development, hot-fire test and performance analyses of the 2% sub-scale SLS core-stage and booster element propulsion systems. The core-stage propulsion system is composed of four gaseous oxygen/hydrogen RS-25D model engines and the booster element is composed of two aluminum-based model solid rocket motors (SRMs). The first section of the paper discusses the motivation and test facility specifications for the test program. The second section briefly investigates the internal flow path of the design. The third section briefly shows the performance of the model RS-25D engines and SRMs for the conducted short duration hot-fire tests. Good agreement is observed based on design prediction analysis and test data. This program is a challenging research and development effort that has not been attempted in 40+ years for a NASA vehicle.

49 CFR 195.306 - Test medium.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... this section, water must be used as the test medium. (b) Except for offshore pipelines, liquid... which produces a hoop stress of 50 percent of specified minimum yield strength; (3) The test section is... pressure is equal to or greater than a pressure that produces a hoop stress of 50 percent of specified...

Structural study of cold central plant recycling sections at the National Center for Asphalt Technology (NCAT) test track.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-01-01

In 2012, the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) contracted with the National Center for Asphalt Technology (NCAT) to install, instrument, and monitor three pavement test sections at the NCAT Test Track during the 2012-2014 track cycle. The ...

76 FR 49491 - Medicare Program; Section 3113: The Treatment of Certain Complex Diagnostic Laboratory Tests...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-10

...] Medicare Program; Section 3113: The Treatment of Certain Complex Diagnostic Laboratory Tests Demonstration... code under the Treatment of Certain Complex Diagnostic Laboratory Tests Demonstration. The deadline for... interested parties of an opportunity to participate in the Treatment of Certain Complex Diagnostic Laboratory...

Testing in Texas: Accountability for Bilingual Students.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Porter, Rosalie Pedalino, Ed.

2000-01-01

This issue has a special, multi-article section on student testing in Texas and contains three additional and unrelated articles. "The Texas Testing Case Documents: G.I. Forum, et al. v. Texas Education Agency, et al." section has five articles: "Overview" (Roger Clegg); a copy of the "First Amended Complaint";…

40 CFR 63.1064 - Alternative means of emission limitation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Standards, Chapter 19, Section 3, Part A, Wind Tunnel Test Method for the Measurement of Deck-Fitting Loss... limitation. 63.1064 Section 63.1064 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR... as wind, temperature, and barometric pressure. Test methods that can be used to perform the testing...

40 CFR 63.1064 - Alternative means of emission limitation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Standards, Chapter 19, Section 3, Part A, Wind Tunnel Test Method for the Measurement of Deck-Fitting Loss... limitation. 63.1064 Section 63.1064 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR... as wind, temperature, and barometric pressure. Test methods that can be used to perform the testing...

40 CFR 63.1064 - Alternative means of emission limitation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Standards, Chapter 19, Section 3, Part A, Wind Tunnel Test Method for the Measurement of Deck-Fitting Loss... limitation. 63.1064 Section 63.1064 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR... as wind, temperature, and barometric pressure. Test methods that can be used to perform the testing...

40 CFR 63.1064 - Alternative means of emission limitation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Standards, Chapter 19, Section 3, Part A, Wind Tunnel Test Method for the Measurement of Deck-Fitting Loss... limitation. 63.1064 Section 63.1064 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR... as wind, temperature, and barometric pressure. Test methods that can be used to perform the testing...

40 CFR 63.1064 - Alternative means of emission limitation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Standards, Chapter 19, Section 3, Part A, Wind Tunnel Test Method for the Measurement of Deck-Fitting Loss... limitation. 63.1064 Section 63.1064 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR... as wind, temperature, and barometric pressure. Test methods that can be used to perform the testing...

40 CFR 98.464 - Monitoring and QA/QC requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...-day anaerobic biodegradation test as specified in paragraph (b)(4)(i) of this section or by estimating...) of this section. (i) Perform an anaerobic biodegradation test and determine the DOC value of a waste... minimum of a 60-day anaerobic biodegradation test. Consensus-based standards organizations include, but...

Reducing cross-sectional data using a genetic algorithm method and effects on cross-section geometry and steady-flow profiles

USGS Publications Warehouse

Berenbrock, Charles E.

2015-01-01

The effects of reduced cross-sectional data points on steady-flow profiles were also determined. Thirty-five cross sections of the original steady-flow model of the Kootenai River were used. These two methods were tested for all cross sections with each cross section resolution reduced to 10, 20 and 30 data points, that is, six tests were completed for each of the thirty-five cross sections. Generally, differences from the original water-surface elevation were smaller as the number of data points in reduced cross sections increased, but this was not always the case, especially in the braided reach. Differences were smaller for reduced cross sections developed by the genetic algorithm method than the standard algorithm method.

Comparisons of the Impact Responses of a 1/5-Scale Model and a Full-Scale Crashworthy Composite Fuselage Section

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jackson, Karen E.; Fasanella, Edwin L.; Lyle, Karen H.

2003-01-01

A 25-fps vertical drop test of a 1/5-scale model composite fuselage section was conducted to replicate a previous test of a full-scale fuselage section. The purpose of the test was to obtain experimental data characterizing the impact response of the 1/5-scale model fuselage section for comparison with the corresponding full-scale data. This comparison is performed to assess the scaling procedures and to determine if scaling effects are present. For the drop test, the 1/5-scale model fuselage section was configured in a similar manner as the full-scale section, with lead masses attached to the floor through simulated seat rails. Scaled acceleration and velocity responses are compared and a general assessment of structural damage is made. To further quantify the data correlation, comparisons of the average acceleration data are made as a function of floor location and longitudinal position. Also, the percentage differences in the velocity change (area under the acceleration curve) and the velocity change squared (proportional to kinetic energy) are compared as a function of floor location. Finally, correlation coefficients are calculated for corresponding 1/5- and full-scale data channels and these values are plotted versus floor location. From a scaling perspective, the differences between the 1/5- and full-scale tests are relatively small, indicating that appropriate scaling procedures were used in fabricating the test specimens and in conducting the experiments. The small differences in the scaled test data are attributed to minor scaling anomalies in mass, potential energy, and impact attitude.

A Testing Framework for Critical Space SW

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fernandez, Ignacio; Di Cerbo, Antonio; Dehnhardt, Erik; Massimo, Tipaldi; Brünjes, Bernhard

2015-09-01

This paper describes a testing framework for critical space SW named Technical Specification Validation Framework (TSVF). It provides a powerful and flexible means and can be used throughout the SW test activities (test case specification & implementation, test execution and test artifacts analysis). In particular, tests can be run in an automated and/or step-by-step mode. The TSVF framework is currently used for the validation of the Satellite Control Software (SCSW), which runs on the Meteosat Third Generation (MTG) satellite on-board computer. The main purpose of the SCSW is to control the spacecraft along with its various subsystems (AOCS, Payload, Electrical Power, Telemetry Tracking & Command, etc.) in a way that guarantees a high degree of flexibility and autonomy. The TSVF framework serves the challenging needs of the SCSW project, where a plan-driven approach has been combined with an agile process in order to produce preliminary SW versions (with a reduced scope of implemented functionality) in order to fulfill the stakeholders needs ([1]). The paper has been organised as follows. Section 2 gives an overview of the TSVF architecture and interfaces versus the test bench along with the technology used for its implementation. Section 3 describes the key elements of the XML based language for the test case implementation. Section 4 highlights all the benefits compared to conventional test environments requiring a manual test script development, whereas section 5 concludes the paper.

Water table tests of proposed heat transfer tunnels for small turbine vanes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Meitner, P. L.

1974-01-01

Water-table flow tests were conducted for proposed heat-transfer tunnels which were designed to provide uniform flow into their respective test sections of a single core engine turbine vane and a full annular ring of helicopter turbine vanes. Water-table tests were also performed for the single-vane test section of the core engine tunnel. The flow in the heat-transfer tunnels was shown to be acceptable.

Investigation of the Leak Response of a Carbon-Fiber Laminate Loaded in Biaxial Tension

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jackson, Wade C.; Ratcliffe, James G.

2013-01-01

Designers of pressurized structures have been reluctant to use composite materials because of concerns over leakage. Biaxial stress states are expected to be the worst-case loading condition for allowing leakage to occur through microcracks. To investigate the leakage behavior under in-plane biaxial loading, a cruciform composite specimen was designed that would have a relatively large test section with a uniform 1:1 biaxial loading ratio. A 7.6-cm-square test section was desired for future investigations of the leakage response as a result of impact damage. Many iterations of the cruciform specimen were evaluated using finite element analysis to reduce stress concentrations and maximize the size of the uniform biaxial strain field. The final design allowed the specimen to go to relatively high biaxial strain levels without incurring damage away from the test section. The specimen was designed and manufactured using carbon/epoxy fabric with a four-ply-thick, quasi-isotropic, central test section. Initial validation and testing were performed on a specimen without impact damage. The specimen was tested to maximum biaxial strains of approximately 4500micro epsilon without apparent damage. A leak measurement system containing a pressurized cavity was clamped to the test section and used to measure the flow rate through the specimen. The leakage behavior of the specimen was investigated for pressure differences up to 172 kPa

Design and Testing of an Educational Water Tunnel

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kosaraju, Srinivas

2017-11-01

A new water tunnel is designed and tested for educational and research purposes at Northern Arizona University. The university currently owns an educational wind tunnel with a test section of 12in X 12in X 24in. However, due to limited size of test section and range of Reynolds numbers, its application is currently limited to very few experiments. In an effort to expand the educational and research capabilities, a student team is tasked to design, build and test a water tunnel as a Capstone Senior Design project. The water tunnel is designed to have a test section of 8in X 8in X 36in. and be able to test up to Re = 50E3. Multiple numerical models are used to optimize the flow field inside the test section before building the physical apparatus. The water tunnel is designed to accommodate multiple experiments for drag and lift studies. The built-in die system can deliver up to three different colors to study the streamlines and vortex shedding from the surfaces. During the first phase, a low discharge pump is used to achieve Re = 4E3 to test laminar flows. In the second phase, a high discharge pump will be used to achieve targeted Re = 50E3 to study turbulent flows.

Self streamlining wind tunnel: Low speed testing and transonic test section design

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wolf, S. W. D.; Goodyer, M. J.

1977-01-01

Comprehensive aerodynamic data on an airfoil section were obtained through a wide range of angles of attack, both stalled and unstalled. Data were gathered using a self streamlining wind tunnel and were compared to results obtained on the same section in a conventional wind tunnel. The reduction of wall interference through streamline was demonstrated.

Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation of the Computer Aided Interactive Testing System (CAITS). Focus on the Trained Person.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

1983

This report describes the design, development, implementation, and evaluation of the Computer Aided Interactive Testing System (CAITS) and addresses the applicability of the system in the Naval Education and Training Command. In addition to an introduction (section one), the report contains four sections and three appendices. Section two describes…

26 CFR 1.28-1 - Credit for clinical testing expenses for certain drugs for rare diseases or conditions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... this section) for the taxable year. The credit applies to qualified clinical testing expenses paid or... during the taxable year which would constitute “qualified research expenses” within the meaning of section 41(b) (relating to the credit for increasing research activities) as modified by section 28(b)(1...

Computation of wind tunnel wall effects for complex models using a low-order panel method

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ashby, Dale L.; Harris, Scott H.

1994-01-01

A technique for determining wind tunnel wall effects for complex models using the low-order, three dimensional panel method PMARC (Panel Method Ames Research Center) has been developed. Initial validation of the technique was performed using lift-coefficient data in the linear lift range from tests of a large-scale STOVL fighter model in the National Full-Scale Aerodynamics Complex (NFAC) facility. The data from these tests served as an ideal database for validating the technique because the same model was tested in two wind tunnel test sections with widely different dimensions. The lift-coefficient data obtained for the same model configuration in the two test sections were different, indicating a significant influence of the presence of the tunnel walls and mounting hardware on the lift coefficient in at least one of the two test sections. The wind tunnel wall effects were computed using PMARC and then subtracted from the measured data to yield corrected lift-coefficient versus angle-of-attack curves. The corrected lift-coefficient curves from the two wind tunnel test sections matched very well. Detailed pressure distributions computed by PMARC on the wing lower surface helped identify the source of large strut interference effects in one of the wind tunnel test sections. Extension of the technique to analysis of wind tunnel wall effects on the lift coefficient in the nonlinear lift range and on drag coefficient will require the addition of boundary-layer and separated-flow models to PMARC.

A Method for Direct-Measurement of the Energy of Rupture of Impact Specimens

DTIC Science & Technology

1953-01-01

CONTENTS SECTION A - Poreword SFCTION B » ObjectiTes of the Current Investigation SECTION C - Basic Elements of an Impact Testing System ...SECTION D - Discussion lo Linear System 2 c Rotary System 3o Methods for Ifeasui ing the Energy of Rupture SECTION E « The Energy Measuring System ...has followed and to siironarize our techni<»l findings, Co BASIC ELEKEMTS OF AN IMPACT TESTING SYSTEM For the analytical purposes of this

A microfluidic approach to water-rock interactions using thin rock sections: Pb and U sorption onto thin shale and granite sections.

PubMed

Oh, Youn Soo; Jo, Ho Young; Ryu, Ji-Hun; Kim, Geon-Young

2017-02-15

The feasibility of using microfluidic tests to investigate water-rock (mineral) interactions in fractures regarding sorption onto thin rock sections (i.e., shale and granite) of lead (Pb) and uranium (U) was evaluated using a synthetic PbCl 2 solution and uranium-containing natural groundwater as fluids. Effluent composition and element distribution on the thin rock sections before and after microfluidic testing were analyzed. Most Pb removal (9.8mg/cm 2 ) occurred within 3.5h (140 PVF), which was 74% of the total Pb removal (13.2mg/cm 2 ) at the end of testing (14.5h, 560 PVF). Element composition on the thin shale sections determined by μ-XRF analysis indicated that Pb removal was related primarily to Fe-containing minerals (e.g., pyrite). Two thin granite sections (biotite rich, Bt-R and biotite poor, Bt-P) exhibited no marked difference in uranium removal capacity, but a slightly higher amount of uranium was removed onto the thin Bt-R section (266μg/cm 2 ) than the thin Bt-P section (240μg/cm 2 ) within 120h (4800 PVF). However, uranium could not be detected by micro X-ray fluorescence (μ-XRF) analysis, likely due to the detection limit. These results suggest that microfluidic testing on thin rock sections enables quantitative evaluation of rock (mineral)-water interactions at the micro-fracture or pore scale. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

On the Factor Structure of the Grammar Section of University of Tehran English Proficiency Test (UTEPT)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Salehi, Mohammad; Rezaee, Abbas Ali

2009-01-01

The study was conducted with 3,385 participants who took an English language proficiency test as a partial requirement for entering a PhD program in different fields of education. This test has three sections which are grammar, vocabulary and reading comprehension. To determine the construct validity of the test, a series of analyses were done.…

ETS Psychometric Contributions: Focus on Test Scores. Research Report. ETS RR-13-15. ETS R&D Scientific and Policy Contributions Series. ETS SPC-13-03

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moses, Tim

2013-01-01

The purpose of this report is to review ETS psychometric contributions that focus on test scores. Two major sections review contributions based on assessing test scores' measurement characteristics and other contributions about using test scores as predictors in correlational and regression relationships. An additional section reviews additional…

The Influence of the Form of a Wooden Beam on Its Stiffness and Strength II : Form Factors of Beams Subjected to Transverse Loading Only

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Newlin, J A; Trayer, G W

1924-01-01

The general aim of the investigation described in this report is the achievement of efficient design in wing beams. The purpose of the tests was to determine factors to apply to the usual beam formula in order that the properties of wood based on tests of rectangular sections might be used as a basis of design for beams of any sections and if practical to develop formulas for determining such factors and to verify them by experiment. Such factors for various sections have been determined from test by comparing properties of the beam in question to similar properties of matched beams 2 by 2 inches in section. Furthermore, formulas were worked out, more or less empirical in character, which check all of these test values remarkably well.

Simulation of the flow past a model in the closed test section of a low-speed wind tunnel and in the free stream

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bui, V. T.; Lapygin, V. I.

2015-05-01

The flow around a model in the closed test section of a low-speed wind tunnel has been analyzed in 2D approximation. As the contour of the nozzle, test section, and diffuser, the contour of the T-324 wind tunnel, of the Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics (ITAM SB RAS, Novosibirsk), in its symmetry plane was adopted. A comparison of experimental with calculated data on the distribution of velocities and dynamic pressures in the test section is given. The effect due to the sizes of a model installed in the test section on the values of the aerodynamic coefficients of the model is analyzed. As the aerodynamic model, the NASA0012 airfoil and the circular cylinder were considered. For the airfoil chord length b = 20 % of nozzle height, the values of the aerodynamic coefficients of the airfoil in the free stream and in the test section proved to be close to each other up to the angle of attack a = 7°, which configuration corresponds to blockage-factor value ξ ≈ 7 %. The obtained data are indicative of the expedience of taking into account, in choosing the model scale, not only the degree of flow passage area blockage by the model but, also, the length of the well-streamlined model. In the case of a strongly blunted body with a high drag-coefficient value, the admissible blockage factor ξ may reach a value of 10 %.

Results from Evaluation of Proposed ASME AG-1 Section FI Metal Media Filters - 13063

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wilson, John A.; Giffin, Paxton K.; Parsons, Michael S.

High efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filtration technology is commonly used in Department of Energy (DOE) facilities that require control of radioactive particulate matter (PM) emissions due to treatment or management of radioactive materials. Although HEPA technology typically makes use of glass fiber media, metal and ceramic media filters are also capable of filtering efficiencies beyond the required 99.97%. Sintered metal fiber filters are good candidates for use in DOE facilities due to their resistance to corrosive environments and resilience at high temperature and elevated levels of relative humidity. Their strength can protect them from high differential pressure or pressure spikesmore » and allow for back pulse cleaning, extending filter lifetime. Use of these filters has the potential to reduce the cost of filtration in DOE facilities due to life cycle cost savings. ASME AG-1 section FI has not been approved due to a lack of protocols and performance criteria for qualifying section FI filters. The Institute for Clean Energy Technology (ICET) with the aid of the FI project team has developed a Section FI test stand and test plan capable of assisting in the qualification ASME AG-1 section FI filters. Testing done at ICET using the FI test stand evaluates resistance to rated air flow, test aerosol penetration and resistance to heated air of the section FI filters. Data collected during this testing consists of temperature, relative humidity, differential pressure, flow rate, upstream particle concentration, and downstream particle concentration. (authors)« less

Water Impact Test and Simulation of a Composite Energy Absorbing Fuselage Section

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fasanella, Edwin L.; Jackson, Karen E.; Sparks, Chad; Sareen, Ashish

2003-01-01

In March 2002, a 25-ft/s vertical drop test of a composite fuselage section was conducted onto water. The purpose of the test was to obtain experimental data characterizing the structural response of the fuselage section during water impact for comparison with two previous drop tests that were performed onto a rigid surface and soft soil. For the drop test, the fuselage section was configured with ten 100-lb. lead masses, five per side, that were attached to seat rails mounted to the floor. The fuselage section was raised to a height of 10-ft. and dropped vertically into a 15-ft. diameter pool filled to a depth of 3.5-ft. with water. Approximately 70 channels of data were collected during the drop test at a 10-kHz sampling rate. The test data were used to validate crash simulations of the water impact that were developed using the nonlinear, explicit transient dynamic codes, MSC.Dytran and LS-DYNA. The fuselage structure was modeled using shell and solid elements with a Lagrangian mesh, and the water was modeled with both Eulerian and Lagrangian techniques. The fluid-structure interactions were executed using the fast general coupling in MSC.Dytran and the Arbitrary Lagrange-Euler (ALE) coupling in LS-DYNA. Additionally, the smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) meshless Lagrangian technique was used in LS-DYNA to represent the fluid. The simulation results were correlated with the test data to validate the modeling approach. Additional simulation studies were performed to determine how changes in mesh density, mesh uniformity, fluid viscosity, and failure strain influence the test-analysis correlation.

Evaluation of a heat exchanger for use in the Integrated Equipment Test facility solvent-extraction system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lewis, B. E.

1982-12-01

The primary decontamination extraction section product (HAP) heat exchanger will be located between the extracting section (HA) and scrubbing section (HS) of centrifugal solvent extraction contactors in the Integrated Equipment Test (IET) facility. The heat exchanger is required to raise the temperature of the organic product stream from the HA contactor from 40 to 500 C. Tests were conducted under prototypic IET operating conditions to determine the head requirements for gravity flow and the overall heat transfer coefficient for the heat exchanger. Results from the tests indicated that the specified heat exchanger would perform satisfactorily under normal operating conditions.

Design and demonstration of an advanced data collection/position location system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1977-01-01

The final report on a breadboard evaluation and demonstration program is reported concerning the applicability of MSK modulation and chirp-z transformer technology in Advanced Data Collection/Position Location (ADC/PL) systems. The program effort consisted of three phases - design, testing, and evaluation. Section 2 describes the breadboard hardware built during the design phase of the program, Section 3 describes the tests conducted on the breadboard and the results of the tests, and Section 4 presents a brief analysis and summary of the findings of the breadboard tests and develops a sample ADC/PL system which incorporates both MSK modulation and a chirp-z transformer.

Calibration of HYPULSE for hypervelocity air flows corresponding to flight Mach numbers 13.5, 15, and 17

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Calleja, John; Tamagno, Jose

1993-01-01

A series of air calibration tests were performed in GASL's HYPULSE facility in order to more accurately determine test section flow conditions for flows simulating total enthalpies in the Mach 13 to 17 range. Present calibration data supplements previous data and includes direct measurement of test section pitot and static pressure, acceleration tube wall pressure and heat transfer, and primary and secondary incident shock velocities. Useful test core diameters along with the corresponding free-stream conditions and usable testing times were determined. For the M13.5 condition, in-stream static pressure surveys showed the temporal and spacial uniformity of this quantity across the useful test core. In addition, finite fringe interferograms taken of the free-stream flow at the test section did not indicate the presence of any 'strong' wave system for any of the conditions investigated.

The Development of an 8-inch by 8-inch Slotted Tunnel for Mach Numbers up to 1.28

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Little, B. H., Jr.; Cubbage, James J., Jr.

1961-01-01

An 8-inch by 8-inch transonic tunnel model with test section slotted on two opposite walls was constructed in which particular emphasis -was given to the development of slot geometry, slot-flow reentry section, and short-diffuser configurations for good test-region flow and minimum total-pressure losses. Center-line static pressures through the test section, wall static pressures through the other parts of the tunnel, and total-pressure distributions at the inlet and exit stations of the diffuser were measured- With a slot length equal to two tunnel heights and 1/14 open-area-ratio slotted walls) a test region one tunnel height in length was obtained in which the deviation from the mean Mach number was less than +/- 0.01 up to Mach number 1.15. With 1/7 open-area-ratio slotted walls, a test region 0.84 tunnel heights in length with deviation less than +/- O.01 was obtained up to Mach number 1.26. Increasing the tunnel diffuser angle from 6.4 to 10 deg. increased pressure loss through the tunnel at Mach number 1.20 from 15 percent to 20 percent of the total pressure. The use of other diffusers with equivalent angles of 10 deg. but contoured so that the initial diffusion angle was less than 10 deg. and the final angle was 200 reduced the losses to as low as 16 percent. A method for changing the test-section Mach number rapidly by controlling the flow through a bypass line from the tunnel settling chamber to the slot-flow plenum chamber of the test section was very effective. The test-section Mach number was reduced approximately 5 percent in 1/8 second by bleeding into the test section a flow of air equal to 2 percent of the mainstream flow and 30 percent in 1/4 second with bleed flow equal to 10 percent of the mainstream flow. The rate of reduction was largely determined by the opening rate of the bleed-flow-control valve.

Impact Testing and Simulation of a Crashworthy Composite Fuselage Section with Energy-Absorbing Seats and Dummies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fasanella, Edwin L.; Jackson, Karen E.

2002-01-01

A 25-ft/s vertical drop test of a composite fuselage section was conducted with two energy-absorbing seats occupied by anthropomorphic dummies to evaluate the crashworthy features of the fuselage section and to determine its interaction with the seats and dummies. The 5-ft. diameter fuselage section consists of a stiff structural floor and an energy-absorbing subfloor constructed of Rohacel foam blocks. The experimental data from this test were analyzed and correlated with predictions from a crash simulation developed using the nonlinear, explicit transient dynamic computer code, MSC.Dytran. The anthropomorphic dummies were simulated using the Articulated Total Body (ATB) code, which is integrated into MSC.Dytran.

Comparison of options for reduction of noise in the test section of the NASA Langley 4x7m wind tunnel, including reduction of nozzle area

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hayden, R. E.

1984-01-01

The acoustically significant features of the NASA 4X7m wind tunnel and the Dutch-German DNW low speed tunnel are compared to illustrate the reasons for large differences in background noise in the open jet test sections of the two tunnels. Also introduced is the concept of reducing test section noise levels through fan and turning vane source reductions which can be brought about by reducing the nozzle cross sectional area, and thus the circuit mass flow for a particular exit velocity. The costs and benefits of treating sources, paths, and changing nozzle geometry are reviewed.

Impact Testing and Simulation of a Crashworthy Composite Fuselage Section with Energy-Absorbing Seats and Dummies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fasanella, Edwin L.; Jackson, Karen E.

2002-01-01

A 25-ft/s vertical drop test of a composite fuselage section was conducted with two energy-absorbing seats occupied by anthropomorphic dummies to evaluate the crashworthy features of the fuselage section and to determine its interaction with the seats and dummies. The 5-ft diameter fuselage section consists of a stiff structural floor and an energy-absorbing subfloor constructed of Rohacel foam blocks. The experimental data from this test were analyzed and correlated with predictions from a crash simulation developed using the nonlinear, explicit transient dynamic computer code, MSC.Dytran. The anthropomorphic dummies were simulated using the Articulated Total Body (ATB) code, which is integrated into MSC.Dytran.

49 CFR 178.338-16 - Inspection and testing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Inspection and testing. 178.338-16 Section 178.338... PACKAGINGS Specifications for Containers for Motor Vehicle Transportation § 178.338-16 Inspection and testing... Section VIII of the ASME Code. The welder and the welding procedure must be qualified in accordance with...

26 CFR 301.7701(i)-1 - Definition of a taxable mortgage pool.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... test. For example, any arrangement where the timing and amount of payments on liability obligations are.... (2) Paragraph (c) of this section provides the tests for determining whether substantially all of an... purposes of the 50 percent test. Paragraph (e) of this section defines two or more maturities and paragraph...

26 CFR 301.7701(i)-1 - Definition of a taxable mortgage pool.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... test. For example, any arrangement where the timing and amount of payments on liability obligations are.... (2) Paragraph (c) of this section provides the tests for determining whether substantially all of an... purposes of the 50 percent test. Paragraph (e) of this section defines two or more maturities and paragraph...

26 CFR 301.7701(i)-1 - Definition of a taxable mortgage pool.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... test. For example, any arrangement where the timing and amount of payments on liability obligations are.... (2) Paragraph (c) of this section provides the tests for determining whether substantially all of an... purposes of the 50 percent test. Paragraph (e) of this section defines two or more maturities and paragraph...

26 CFR 301.7701(i)-1 - Definition of a taxable mortgage pool.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... test. For example, any arrangement where the timing and amount of payments on liability obligations are.... (2) Paragraph (c) of this section provides the tests for determining whether substantially all of an... purposes of the 50 percent test. Paragraph (e) of this section defines two or more maturities and paragraph...

40 CFR 53.43 - Test procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... of the test section of the wind tunnel. The mean wind speed in the test section must be within ±10... wind tunnel and allow the particle concentration to stabilize. (vi) Install an array of five or more evenly spaced isokinetic samplers in the sampling zone (see § 53.42(d)) of the wind tunnel. Collect...

40 CFR 75.66 - Petitions to the Administrator.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... for alternative method of accounting for emissions prior to completion of certification tests. The... for an alternative to the stabilization criteria for the cycle time test in section 6.4 of appendix A... Administrator to use an alternative stabilization criteria for the cycle time test in section 6.4 of appendix A...

40 CFR 86.1362-2007 - Steady-state testing with a ramped-modal cycle.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...-modal cycle. 86.1362-2007 Section 86.1362-2007 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... (CONTINUED) Emission Regulations for New Otto-Cycle and Diesel Heavy-Duty Engines; Gaseous and Particulate Exhaust Test Procedures § 86.1362-2007 Steady-state testing with a ramped-modal cycle. This section...

40 CFR 86.1362-2010 - Steady-state testing with a ramped-modal cycle.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...-modal cycle. 86.1362-2010 Section 86.1362-2010 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... (CONTINUED) Emission Regulations for New Otto-Cycle and Diesel Heavy-Duty Engines; Gaseous and Particulate Exhaust Test Procedures § 86.1362-2010 Steady-state testing with a ramped-modal cycle. This section...

10 CFR 63.44 - Changes, tests, and experiments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Changes, tests, and experiments. 63.44 Section 63.44... experiments. (a) Definitions for the purposes of this section: (1) Change means a modification or addition to... isolation, are operated or controlled. (6) Tests or experiments not described in the SAR (as updated) means...

10 CFR 63.44 - Changes, tests, and experiments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Changes, tests, and experiments. 63.44 Section 63.44... experiments. (a) Definitions for the purposes of this section: (1) Change means a modification or addition to... isolation, are operated or controlled. (6) Tests or experiments not described in the SAR (as updated) means...

10 CFR 63.44 - Changes, tests, and experiments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Changes, tests, and experiments. 63.44 Section 63.44... experiments. (a) Definitions for the purposes of this section: (1) Change means a modification or addition to... isolation, are operated or controlled. (6) Tests or experiments not described in the SAR (as updated) means...

A two-dimensional adaptive-wall test section with ventilated walls in the Ames 2- by 2-foot transonic wind tunnel

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schairer, Edward T.; Lee, George; Mcdevitt, T. Kevin

1989-01-01

The first tests conducted in the adaptive-wall test section of the Ames Research Center's 2- by 2-Foot Transonic Wind Tunnel are described. A procedure was demonstrated for reducing wall interference in transonic flow past a two-dimensional airfoil by actively controlling flow through the slotted walls of the test section. Flow through the walls was controlled by adjusting pressures in compartments of plenums above and below the test section. Wall interference was assessed by measuring (with a laser velocimeter) velocity distributions along a contour surrounding the model, and then checking those measurements for their compatibility with free-air far-field boundary conditions. Plenum pressures for minimum wall interference were determined from empirical influence coefficients. An NACA 0012 airfoil was tested at angles of attach of 0 and 2, and at Mach numbers between 0.70 and 0.85. In all cases the wall-setting procedure greatly reduced wall interference. Wall interference, however, was never completely eliminated, primarily because the effect of plenum pressure changes on the velocities along the contour could not be accurately predicted.

Layer coefficients for NHDOT pavement materials

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Janoo, Vincent C.

1994-09-01

In 1992, the New Hampshire Department of Transportation (NHDOT) experimented with the use of reclaimed asphalt concrete as a base course material, identified by NHDOT as reclaimed stabilized base (RSB). The RSB and a control test section were placed on Interstate 93 between exits 18 and 19. The RSB test section was designed to the same structural number (SN) as the control. To evaluate the structural capacity of these test sections, the U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL) conducted deflection tests using a Dynatest 8000 falling weight deflectometer (FWD). Preliminary analysis of the results by NHDOT personnel showed higher deflection in the reclaimed asphalt concrete test sections. The explanation was that the layer coefficient used for the RSB layer in the design was probably incorrect. A total of 10 test sections constituting the base course materials used by NHDOT were built near Bow, New Hampshire. CRREL evaluated and estimated the layer coefficients of the base course materials. The test program was developed to characterize the material in more than one way. Tests were conducted with the heavy weight deflectometer (HWD), dynamic cone penetrometer (DCP) and the Clegg hammer. In situ California bearing ratio (CBR) tests were also conducted. The deflection from the HWD were used with the WESDEF back calculation program to determine the layer moduli. The moduli were than used with the AASHTO Design Guide to calculate the layer coefficients. The layer coefficients were also determined with the method proposed by Rohde. The CBR values from the Clegg hammer, in situ CBR and DCP tests were also used in the relationships in the HDM model to determine the layer coefficients.

Crash Simulation of a Boeing 737 Fuselage Section Vertical Drop Test

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fasanella, Edwin L.; Jackson, Karen E.; Jones, Yvonne T.; Frings, Gary; Vu, Tong

2004-01-01

A 30-ft/s vertical drop test of a fuselage section of a Boeing 737 aircraft was conducted in October of 1999 at the FAA Technical Center in Atlantic City, NJ. This test was performed to evaluate the structural integrity of a conformable auxiliary fuel tank mounted beneath the floor and to determine its effect on the impact response of the airframe structure and the occupants. The test data were used to compare with a finite element simulation of the fuselage structure and to gain a better understanding of the impact physics through analytical/experimental correlation. To perform this simulation, a full-scale 3-dimensional finite element model of the fuselage section was developed using the explicit, nonlinear transient-dynamic finite element code, MSC.Dytran. The emphasis of the simulation was to predict the structural deformation and floor-level acceleration responses obtained from the drop test of the B737 fuselage section with the auxiliary fuel tank.

Calculation of wall effects of flow on a perforated wall with a code of surface singularities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Piat, J. F.

1994-07-01

Simplifying assumptions are inherent in the analytic method previously used for the determination of wall interferences on a model in a wind tunnel. To eliminate these assumptions, a new code based on the vortex lattice method was developed. It is suitable for processing any shape of test sections with limited areas of porous wall, the characteristic of which can be nonlinear. Calculation of wall effects in S3MA wind tunnel, whose test section is rectangular 0.78 m x 0.56 m, and fitted with two or four perforated walls, have been performed. Wall porosity factors have been adjusted to obtain the best fit between measured and computed pressure distributions on the test section walls. The code was checked by measuring nearly equal drag coefficients for a model tested in S3MA wind tunnel (after wall corrections) and in S2MA wind tunnel whose test section is seven times larger (negligible wall corrections).

A study to compare traditional and constructivism-based instruction of a high school biology unit on biosystematics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Saigo, Barbara Woodworth

The researcher collaborated with four high school biology teachers who had been involved for 2-1/2 years in a constructivism-based professional development experience that emphasized teaching for conceptual change and using classroom-based inquiry as a basis for making instructional decisions. The researcher and teachers designed a five-day instructional unit on biosystematics using two contrasting approaches, comprising the treatment variable. The "traditional" unit emphasized lecture, written materials, and some laboratory activities. The "constructivist" unit emphasized a specific, inquiry-based, conceptual change strategy and collaborative learning. The study used a quasi-experimental, factorial design to explore impact of instructional approach (the treatment variable) on student performance (the dependent variable) on repeated measures (three) of a biology concept test. Additional independent variables considered were gender, cumulative GPA, and the section in which students were enrolled. Scores on the biology concept test were compiled for the 3 constructivist sections (N = 44) and the 3 traditional sections (N = 42). Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was applied. The main findings in regard to the primary research question were that instructional approach did not have a significant relationship to immediate post test scores or gain, but that one month after instruction students in the constructivist group demonstrated less loss of gain than those in the traditional group; i.e., their longer-term retention was greater. Also, GPA*instructional approach effects were detected for post-post-test gain. GPA and gender were significantly associated with pre-test, post-test, and post-post scores; however, in terms of change (gain) from pre-test to post-test and pre-test to post-post-test, GPA and gender were not significant effects. Section was a significant effect for all three tests, in terms of both score and gain. Gender*section effects were detected for post-test gain and post-post-test scores.

77 FR 67239 - National Organic Program; Periodic Residue Testing

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-09

... genetically modified organisms (GMOs). AMS does not intend for the testing conducted under section 205.670 to..., but not limited to, pesticides, hormones, antibiotics, and GMOs. AMS notes that, under section 205.671...