Nonlinear Analysis of Mechanical Systems Under Combined Harmonic and Stochastic Excitation

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-05-27

Namachchivaya and Naresh Malhotra Department of Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign Urbana, Illinois...Aeronauticai and Astronautical Engineering, University of Illinois, 1991. 2. N. Sri Namachchivaya and N. Malhotra , Parametrically Excited Hopf Bifurcation...Namachchivaya and N. Malhotra , Parametrically Excited Hopf Bifurcation with Non-semisimple 1:1 Resonance, Nonlinear Vibrations, ASME-AMD, Vol. 114, 1992. 3

Two-Year Comparison of Transfer and Native Student Academic Performance: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Fall 1986 Group.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Heiser, Linda M.; Abbed, Nejla

In 1989, a two-year study was completed comparing the academic progress of community college transfers, senior college transfers, and continuing juniors (natives) at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC). The study samples were comprised of 673 former community college students and 393 senior college transfers who entered UIUC in…

The Classification, Detection and Handling of Imperfect Theory Problems.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-04-20

Explanation-Based Learning: Failure-Driven Schema Refinement." Proceedings of the Third IEEE Conference on Artificial Intelligence Applications . Orlando...A. Rajamoney. Gerald F. DeJong Artificial Intelligence Research Group " . Coordinated Science Laboratory " University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign...Urbana. IL 61801 . April 1987 ABSTRACT This paper also appears in the Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence

Rank, Pay, and Representation of Women on the Faculty at the Urbana-Champaign Campus of the University of Illinois.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ferber, Marianne; Loeb, Jane

This report presents information on the employment status of women at the Urbana-Champaign campus of the University of Illinois. Discussed are: (1) the representation, rank, and pay of females on the faculty; (2) representation of women in administrative positions; (3) representation of women on the faculty versus representation in the labor…

Cryogenic Frequency Domain Optical Mass Memory.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-12-10

Schuster Dr. William M. Jackson Chemistry Department Department of Chemistry University of Illinois Howard University Urbana, Illinois 61801 Washington...DC 20059 Dr. A. Adamson Dr. George E. Walraffen Department of Chemistry Department of Chemistry University of Southern Howard University California...University of Illinois Howard University Urbana, Illinois 61801 1 Washixgton, DC 20059 Dr. A. Adamson Dr. George E. Walraffen Department of Chemistry

US-Europe Workshop on Impact of Multifunctionality on Damage Evolution in Composite Materials

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-09-01

Inventions (DD882) Scientific Progress See Attachment Technology Transfer Not applicable UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AEROSPACE ENGINEERING...Composite Materials PI: Ioannis Chasiotis Aerospace Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Talbot Lab, 104 S. Wright Street, Urbana, IL...focused on the current state of corporate research in the aerospace industry which is a major potential adopter of multifunctional composites. The two

Network Monitoring and Fault Detection on the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Campus Computer Network.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sng, Dennis Cheng-Hong

The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) has a large campus computer network serving a community of about 20,000 users. With such a large network, it is inevitable that there are a wide variety of technologies co-existing in a multi-vendor environment. Effective network monitoring tools can help monitor traffic and link usage, as well…

Providing Medical Information to College Health Center Personnel: A Circuit Librarian Service at the University of Illinois

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stumpff, Julia C.

2003-01-01

College health center personnel are no different from other health practitioners in their need for medical information. To help meet this need, the McKinley Health Center, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, developed a partnership in 1997 with the Library of the Health Sciences-Urbana, a regional site library of the University of Illinois at…

Early Detection of Ovarian Cancer by Molecular Targeted Ultrasound Imaging Together with Serum Markers of Tumor-Associated Nuclear Change and Angiogenesis

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-03-01

Pincas; Rush University Medical Center, Pathology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Basu, Sanjib; Rush University Medical Center, Preventive Medicine ...and Jacques S Abramowicz 2, 5 Departments of 1 Pharmacology, 2 Obstetrics and Gynecology, 3 Pathology, 5 Preventive Medicine (Biostatistics...Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana (Dr Bahr Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine

Understanding and Representing Natural Language Meaning.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-12-01

agent- controller ) (e.g. John hit Mary.) --subject of transitive ( non -agent) (e.g. John received a telegram.) -object-complement (e.g. They elected...UNIT NUMUERS Coordinated Science Laboratory University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL 61801 I1. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS 12...REPORT DATE Office of Naval Research DECEMBER 1982 800 N. Quincy Street is. NUMBER OF PAQES Arlington, VA 22217 44 14. MONITORING AGENCY NAME & AODRESS

Observations of the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere using the urbana coherent-scatter radar

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Goss, L. D.; Bowhill, S. A.

1983-01-01

The Urbana coherent-scatter radar was used to observe the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, and 134 hours of data were collected. Horizontal wind measurements show good agreement with balloon-measured winds. Gravity waves were frequently observed, and were enhanced during convective activity. Updrafts and downdrafts were observed within thunderstorms. Power returns are related to hydrostatic stability, and changes in echo specularity are shown.

Incorporating Temporal Information in Microblog Retrieval

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-11-01

Urbana-Champaign Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA willis8@illinois.edu Richard Medlin School of Information & Library Science University of North Carolina at...Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, NC, USA rich_medlin@med.unc.edu Jaime Arguello † School of Information & Library Science University of North Carolina at...published prior to time tQ. The School of Information and Library Science at the Uni- versity of Carolina at Chapel Hill submitted four runs to the Microblog

Defilade, Stationary Target and Moving Target Embankment, Low Water Crossing, and Course Road Designs for Soil Loss Prevention

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-11-01

Avenue Urbana , IL 61801-4797 Final report Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Prepared for U.S. Army Corps of Engineers...allow validation of each structure’s effectiveness. Approach A research team consisting of members from the University of Illinois, Urbana ...and preferential drainage channel. Furthermore, dry weather conditions on unimproved ERDC/CERL TR-06-31 4 roads generate large volumes of airborne

Effect of Woody Vegetation on Hydraulic Conductivity at Various Levee Systems Using Numerical Models

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-06-01

XIX International Conference on Water Resources CMWR 2012 University of Illinois at Urbana -Champaign June 17-22, 2012 1 EFFECT OF WOODY...distribution unlimited 13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES Presented at the XIX International Conference on Water Resources CMWR 2012, Urbana -Champaign, IL, June...the Pocket and Burlington levees, the lower toe for the Portland levee, and the bottom of the dewatered drainage ditch for the Albuquerque levee

Solar flare ionization in the mesosphere observed by coherent-scatter radar

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Parker, J. W.; Bowhill, S. A.

1986-01-01

The coherent-scatter technique, as used with the Urbana radar, is able to measure relative changes in electron density at one altitude during the progress of a solar flare when that altitude contains a statistically steady turbulent layer. This work describes the analysis of Urbana coherent-scatter data from the times of 13 solar flares in the period from 1978 to 1983. Previous methods of measuring electron density changes in the D-region are summarized. Models of X-ray spectra, photoionization rates, and ion-recombination reaction schemes are reviewed. The coherent-scatter technique is briefly described, and a model is developed which relates changes in scattered power to changes in electron density. An analysis technique is developed using X-ray flux data from geostationary satellites and coherent scatter data from the Urbana radar which empirically distinguishes between proposed D-region ion-chemical schemes, and estimates the nonflare ion-pair production rate.

A New Method of Synthetic Aperture Radar Image Reconstruction Using Modified Convolution Back-Projection Algorithm.

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-08-01

SECURITY CLASSIFICATION AUTHORITY 3 DISTRIBUTIONAVAILABILITY OF REPORT N/A \\pproved for public release, 21b. OECLASS FI) CAT ) ON/OOWNGRAOING SCMEOLLE...from this set of projections. The Convolution Back-Projection (CBP) algorithm is widely used technique in Computer Aide Tomography ( CAT ). In this work...University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. 1985 Ac % DTICEl_ FCTE " AUG 1 11986 Urbana. Illinois U,) I A NEW METHOD OF SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IMAGE

Fundamental Study of Interactions Between Pulsed High-Density Plasmas and Materials for Space Propulsion

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-05-23

UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN Final Report 05/23/2016 DISTRIBUTION A: Distribution approved for public release. AF Office Of Scientific Research ...This project led by a team of researchers from the University of Texas at Austin and the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign has been engaged in...release. 2 Project Overview: This project led by a team of researchers from the University of Texas at Austin and the University of Illinois, Urbana

NASA/DoD Aerospace Knowledge Diffusion Research Project. Paper Thirty Two. A New Era in International Technical Communication: American-Russian Collaboration

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-10-01

Flammia 6, University of Central Florida 7.. . Orlando, Florida 6 UT 2 3 1993 Rebecca 0. Barclay Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy, New York Thomas...of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, Illinois John M. Kennedy T--:* i,-,-- -- n e Indiana University ! •o,,-o Cod sae itse!i di t-!1_-,_:’,1 • ; s ...Communication: American-Russian Collaboration Madelyn Flammia English Department Rebecca 0. Barclay University of Central Florida Thomas E. Pinelli

1997 International Semiconductor Device Research Symposium (4th) Proceedings, Held in Charlottesville, Virginia on December 10-13, 1997

DTIC Science & Technology

1998-01-01

Matagne1𔃼, Jean -Pierre Leburton1 Jacques Destine2, Guy Cantraine2 1Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, IL 61820...PROCESSES R. Peter Smith, Suzanne C. Martin, Moonil Kim, Jean Bruston, Imran Mehdi, Dexter Humphrey, Michael Gaidis, Neal Erickson*, and Peter H...SEV/VSE, Feb. 1981 G. Galup-Montoro, M. Schneider, S. Acosta, R. Pinto , Proc. Brazilian Microelectronics Conference SBMICRO󈨤,1996. A. Cunha, O

Army Installations Water Sustainability Assessment: An Evaluation of Vulnerability to Water Supply

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-09-01

del Norte Water Task Force PM particulate matter PNNL Pacific Northwest National Laboratory PWC Public Works Commission PWD RFTA RSC Regional...ct io n E n gi n ee ri n g R es ea rc h L ab or at or y Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. ERDC/CERL TR-09-38...and Ryan Holmes University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Final Report Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Prepared for U.S

Information Seeking Behavior of Library and Information Science Faculty in Research with a Special Reference to the Use of Networked Information Sources and Services: A Case Study Performed at the Graduate School of Library And Information Science at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (Modified Version)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Abouserie, Hossam Eldin Mohamed Refaat

2007-01-01

The purpose of this study was to explore and investigate the ways faculty at the Graduate School of Library and Information Science at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign use Networked Information Sources And Services to support their research task. Library and Information Sciences faculty at the University of Illinois were chosen as…

Information Seeking Behavior of Library and Information Science Faculty in Research with a Special Reference to the Use of Networked Information Sources and Services: A Case Study Performed at the Graduate School of Library and Information Science at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Abouserie, Hossam Eldin Mohamed Refaat

2007-01-01

The purpose of this study was to explore and investigate the ways faculty at the Graduate School of Library and Information Science at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign use Networked Information Sources and Services to support their research task. Library and Information Sciences faculty at the University of Illinois were chosen as…

Survey of Urban Meteorological Data.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-01-01

8217) 51 • TN Totawe Wayne Airort 4 r l ,4 35 74 14 ,4 I’% 𔄁.. 14e taI 40 3,5S 14 𔃾 Ic V- Memoria ! q-hool 40 40 I ’ 1 4 1 0( WF West End 40 46 175 1...Circulation Number of operations: 5--clear light winds 38 W. P. Lowry, 1973, 񓟔 Operational Report for Metromex," Illinois State Water Survey, Urbana , IL...39W. P. Lowry, 1973, 񓟕 Operational Report for Metromnx," Illinois State Water Survey, Urbana , IL 𔃺 T. J. Henderson and 0. W. Duckering, 1976

Secondary metabolites produced by Sardiniella urbana, a new emerging pathogen on European hackberry.

PubMed

Cimmino, Alessio; Maddau, Lucia; Masi, Marco; Linaldeddu, Benedetto Teodoro; Evidente, Antonio

2018-05-30

In this study the production of secondary metabolites by a virulent strain of Sardiniella urbana, a recently described pathogen originally found on declining European hackberry trees in Italy, was investigated for the first time. Chemical analysis of the culture filtrate extracts led to the isolation of three well known compounds as R-(-)-mellein and (3R,4R)-and (3R,4S)-4-hydroxy melleins which were identified by spectroscopic methods (essentially NMR and ESIMS). The isolated compounds were tested for their phytotoxic, antifungal and zootoxic activities. Among them, only R-(-)-mellein was found to be active.

Preliminary site-survey report on Frit Bagging Operation at Chi-Vit Corporation, Urbana, Ohio, June 16, 1982

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cooper, T.C.

A visit was made to the Frit Bagging Operation at the Chi-Vit Corporation located at Urbana, Ohio for the purpose of examining methods used at this facility to control worker exposure to hazardous materials during the production of various frits. Frit was the basic material for porcelain enamel used in major appliance finishes. The three major raw materials used to produce frit were soda-ash, borax, and silica-flour. In the manufacturing area batching, mixing, smelting, and bagging take place. All new employees were given a preemployment physical. An annual hearing evaluation was performed for all workers. Ventilation was provided throughout themore » operation. Each weight bin in the batching area was equipped with exhaust ventilation. The frit was moved by a vibration conveyor between smelter and bagger and passed under three exhaust hoods to remove airborne dust during this last portion of this transfer. A small capture hood at the packer unit removed airborne dust generated as material falls from the slide gate to the packer spout. The disposal of the bags was carried out in a very satisfactory manner. The author concludes that the controls used provided an exemplary work environment. The author recommends that an in-depth survey be conducted at this site.« less

Aeronomy report no. 74: The Urbana meteor-radar system; design, development, and first observations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hess, G. C.; Geller, M. A.

1976-01-01

The design, development, and first observations of a high power meteor-radar system located near Urbana, Illinois are described. The roughly five-fold increase in usable echo rate compared to other facilities, along with automated digital data processing and interferometry measurement of echo arrival angles, permits unsurpassed observations of tidal structure and shorter period waves. Such observations are discussed. The technique of using echo decay rates to infer density and scale height and the method of inferring wind shear from radial acceleration are examined. An original experiment to test a theory of the Delta-region winter anomaly is presented.

Milestones

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

2014-09-01

Tami Bond, environmental engineer and professor in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, has been selected as a 2014 MacArthur Fellow.

Research in aeronomy

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Edwards, B. (Editor)

1981-01-01

Progress in aeronomic research is reported. The following topics are discussed: ionospheric theory; rocket experiments; system development for Urbana measurements; meteor radar; coherent and incoherent scatter radar; and laser radar.

Poison Control Centers

MedlinePlus

... 1222 immediately. Name State American Association of Poison Control Centers Address AAPCC Central Office NOT A POISON ... not for emergency use. Arkansas ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center Address 1717 S. Philo Road, Suite 36 Urbana, ...

Style of Life and Student Personnel Policy in College Residence Halls

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

White, Julie E.

1969-01-01

Doctoral dissertation, Dimensions of Conformity and Evasion in Residence Halls for University Women: A Sociological Analysis of Normative Behavior in a Large-Scale Social Organization, 1962, University of Illinois, Urbana.

India: Bihar

Atmospheric Science Data Center

2013-04-16

... an immense wintertime pool of pollution over the northern Indian state of Bihar. The discovery was made by researchers analyzing four ... Urbana-Champaign . MISR was built and is managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, for NASA's Science Mission ...

IMIRSEL: a secure music retrieval testing environment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Downie, John S.

2004-10-01

The Music Information Retrieval (MIR) and Music Digital Library (MDL) research communities have long noted the need for formal evaluation mechanisms. Issues concerning the unavailability of freely-available music materials have greatly hindered the creation of standardized test collections with which these communities could scientifically assess the strengths and weaknesses of their various music retrieval techniques. The International Music Information Retrieval Systems Evaluation Laboratory (IMIRSEL) is being developed at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) specifically to overcome this hindrance to the scientific evaluation of MIR/MDL systems. Together with its subsidiary Human Use of Music Information Retrieval Systems (HUMIRS) project, IMIRSEL will allow MIR/MDL researchers access to the standardized large-scale collection of copyright-sensitive music materials and standardized test queries being housed at UIUC's National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA). Virtual Research Labs (VRL), based upon NCSA's Data-to-Knowledge (D2K) tool set, are being developed through which MIR/MDL researchers will interact with the music materials under a "trusted code" security model.

Ice Skating Instruction at the University of Illinois.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Christensen, Char; And Others

1981-01-01

The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign conducts a instructional ice skating program for its students and the community. Activities include: a figure skating club; a speed skating club; ice hockey program; and ice skating classes. (CJ)

Investigation of railroad bridge approach problems along heavy haul freight lines.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-05-01

Under a contract with the Federal Railroad : Administration (FRA), the University of Illinois at Urbana : Champaign (UIUC) is investigating different factors that : contribute to the problem of differential movement at : railroad track transitions Th...

Ballast degradation characterized through triaxial test : research results.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-06-01

Transportation Technology Center, Inc. (TTCI) : has supported the development of a large-scale : triaxial test device (Figure 1) for testing ballast : size aggregate materials at the University of : Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC). This new : tes...

Railway project design and construction (CEE 411) course updates.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-01-20

Course CEE 411 "Railway Project Design and Construction" is a cornerstone of the railway : engineering education program developed by the Rail Transportation and Engineering Center : (RailTEC) at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC)....

Sharing her passion with others.

PubMed

Henze, Tonja Marie

2013-10-22

Tonja Marie Henze, MS, CMAR, RLATg, Facilities Coordinator, Division of Animal Resources, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL. Ms. Henze talks about the joys and challenges of her job and realizing the importance of speaking out about her passion for laboratory animal care.

UIUC concrete tie and fastener field testing at TTC.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-07-01

In July 2012, the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) began an extensive : experimental program at the Transportation : Technology Center (TTC) in Pueblo, CO. The : field experimentation program was part of a : larger research program f...

Designing Educational Programs for Minority Entrepreneurs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pride, Michelle L.; Stoffel, Bruce; van Es, J. C.

1997-01-01

When Urbana (Illinois) city government had difficulty recruiting minority contractors, extension educators interviewed 22 minority entrepreneurs, finding they had difficulty meeting requirements and learning about opportunities. Solutions included training for banking, legal, and insurance representatives; workshops to develop bidding skills; and…

Modeling Sediment Transport Using a Lagrangian Particle Tracking Algorithm Coupled with High-Resolution Large Eddy Simulations: a Critical Analysis of Model Limits and Sensitivity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Garcia, M. H.

2016-12-01

Modeling Sediment Transport Using a Lagrangian Particle Tracking Algorithm Coupled with High-Resolution Large Eddy Simulations: a Critical Analysis of Model Limits and Sensitivity Som Dutta1, Paul Fischer2, Marcelo H. Garcia11Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Il, 61801 2Department of Computer Science and Department of MechSE, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Il, 61801 Since the seminal work of Niño and Garcia [1994], one-way coupled Lagrangian particle tracking has been used extensively for modeling sediment transport. Over time, the Lagrangian particle tracking method has been coupled with Eulerian flow simulations, ranging from Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) based models to Detached Eddy Simulations (DES) [Escauriaza and Sotiropoulos, 2011]. Advent of high performance computing (HPC) platforms and faster algorithms have resulted in the work of Dutta et al. [2016], where Lagrangian particle tracking was coupled with high-resolution Large Eddy Simulations (LES) to model the complex and highly non-linear phenomenon of Bulle-Effect at diversions. Despite all the advancements in using Lagrangian particle tracking, there has not been a study that looks in detail at the limits of the model in the context of sediment transport, and also analyzes the sensitivity of the various force formulation in the force balance equation of the particles. Niño and Garcia [1994] did a similar analysis, but the vertical flow velocity distribution was modeled as the log-law. The current study extends the analysis by modeling the flow using high-resolution LES at a Reynolds number comparable to experiments of Niño et al. [1994]. Dutta et al., (2016), Large Eddy Simulation (LES) of flow and bedload transport at an idealized 90-degree diversion: insight into Bulle-Effect, River Flow 2016 - Constantinescu, Garcia & Hanes (Eds), Taylor & Francis Group, London, 101-109. Escauriaza and Sotiropoulos, (2011), Lagrangian model of bed-load transport in turbulent junction flows, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 666,36-76. Niño and García, (1994), Gravel saltation: 2. Modeling, Water Resources Research, 30(6),1915-1924. Niño et al., (1994), Gravel saltation: 1. Experiments, Water Resources Research, 30(6), 1907-1914.

Stormwater pollution, erosion, and sediment control products demonstration and training center.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-04-01

The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), the Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT), and the : Construction Engineering Research Laboratory (CERL) of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers joined in a : partnership to develop a training...

Development of interdisciplinary undergraduate railroad engineering course.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-02-29

Professor James McKinney was a participant in the AREMA 2008 Railroad Engineering Education Symposium (REES) held at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, as well as the AREMA 2010 REES held at the Johnson County Community College/BNSF's Tr...

Information Resources for Training: A Survey of Non-Military Sources

DTIC Science & Technology

1975-03-05

Instructional and Research Materials in Vocational at.’’ Technical Education BatteRe Memoria ] Institute Catalog of National Institute of...Reading and Communication Skills National Council of Teachers of English 1111 Kenyon Road Urbana , Illinois 61801 Subject coverage: Areas of reading

Tackling the Triple-Threat Genome of Miscanthus x giganteus (2010 JGI User Meeting)

ScienceCinema

Moose, Steve

2018-02-05

Steve Moose from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and the Energy Biosciences Institute on "Tackling the Triple-Threat Genome of Miscanthus x giganteus" on March 25, 2010 at the 5th Annual DOE JGI User Meeting.

NURail Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) Summer Program in Multimodal Freight Transportation Risk.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-08-01

NURail hosted an REU Summer Program in Multimodal Freight Transportation Risk at the Rail Transportation and Engineering Center (RailTEC) in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC...

Tackling the Triple-Threat Genome of Miscanthus x giganteus (2010 JGI User Meeting)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Moose, Steve

2010-03-25

Steve Moose from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and the Energy Biosciences Institute on "Tackling the Triple-Threat Genome of Miscanthus x giganteus" on March 25, 2010 at the 5th Annual DOE JGI User Meeting.

Resilient Localization for Sensor Networks in Outdoor Environments

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-06-01

Sensor Networks in Outdoor Environments by YoungMin Kwon, Kirill Mechitov, Sameer Sundresh, Wooyoung Kim and Gul Agha June 2004 Report...Environments YoungMin Kwon, Kirill Mechitov, Sameer Sundresh, Wooyoung Kim and Gul Agha Department of Computer Science University of Illinois at Urbana

Two Photon Spectroscopy of UF6 in the Near Ultraviolet

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-03-10

Chemistry Department Department of Chemistry University of Illinois Howard University Urbana, Illinois 61801 Washington, DC 20059 Dr. A. Adamson Dr. George...E. Walraffer Department of Chemistry Department of Chemistry University of Southern Howard University California Washington, DC 20059 Los Angeles

Calibration of the Urbana lidar system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cerny, T.; Sechrist, C. F., Jr.

1980-01-01

A method for calibrating data obtained by the Urban sodium lidar system is presented. First, an expression relating the number of photocounts originating from a specific altitude range to the soodium concentration is developed. This relation is then simplified by normalizing the sodium photocounts with photocounts originating from the Rayleigh region of the atmosphere. To evaluate the calibration expression, the laser linewidth must be known. Therefore, a method for measuring the laser linewidth using a Fabry-Perot interferometer is given. The laser linewidth was found to be 6 + or - 2.5 pm. Problems due to photomultiplier tube overloading are discussed. Finally, calibrated data is presented. The sodium column abundance exhibits something close to a sinusoidal variation throughout the year with the winter months showing an enhancement of a factor of 5 to 7 over the summer months.

IHP Intergovernmental Council

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Representatives of 69 countries, five United Nations organizations, and eight international non-governmental organizations (NGO) met March 19-24, 1990, in Paris, France, at the headquarters of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization to evaluate and approve projects for the fourth phase of the International Hydrological Program (IHP-IV), which will be active during 1990-1995. The International Association of Hydrological Sciences was represented by AGU members and IAHS officers Vit Klemes, President, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada; Henny Colenbrander, Secretary General, TNO, The Hague, The Netherlands; and Ivan Johnson, Honorary President, A. Ivan Johnson, Inc., Arvada, Colo. The International Water Resources Association was represented by AGU member and IWRA Secretary General Glenn Stout, IWRA, Urbana, 111. The U.S. representatives (observer status) were David Rickert, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Va., and Glenn Stout.

Clinic, hospital try to fulfill vision of coordinated care with joint venture company.

PubMed

2000-09-01

Coordinated Care Services Inc., a joint venture of Carle Foundation and Carle Clinic Association in Urbana, IL, shares its initial successes and ongoing challenges after one year of operation. The biggest barrier to further improvements remains insufficient information management capability.

Lepidoptera associated with avocado fruit in Guatemala

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

A total of about 1,098 specimens representing 10 moth species from four families were reared from harvested avocado fruit in Guatemala. Two species were reared from small immature avocados and grown to maturity on unopened avocado flower clusters after small fruit desiccated: (1) Argyrotaenia urbana...

Serials Control System Procedures and Policies.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schlembach, Mary C.

This document includes procedures and policies for a networked serials control system originally developed at the Grainger Engineering Library Information Center at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC). The serials control systems encompass serials processing, public service, and end-user functions. The system employs a…

6th Annual Midwest Conference for Undergraduate Women in Physics, January 18-20, 2013, Urbana, Illinois

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pitts, Kevin T.

This document is the program for the 6th Annual Midwest Conference for Undergraduate Women in Physics, which was held at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign on January 18-20, 2013. The goals of the conference were to foster a culture in which undergraduate women are encouraged and supported to pursue, and also to succeed in, higher education in physics; to provide career information to students in physics and related fields; to give women the resources, motivation, and confidence to apply to graduate school and successfully complete a Ph.D. program in Physics; to provide information and dispel misconceptions about the applicationmore » process for graduate school and the diverse employment opportunities in physics and related fields, enabling women to make more informed decisions about their goals and attain them; and to connect female physics students with successful female physicists to whom they can relate and who can act as inspirational role models and mentors.« less

The Early Developments of the Theory of the Mössbauer Effect

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lipkin, Harry J.

I was at the University of Illinois at Urbana in the academic year 1958-1959 when I first heard about the Mössbauer effect. My contacts with Bardeen and his theory group taught me everything I needed to know about solid state physics to understand the Mössbauer effect. I also learned at Urbana from Fred Seitz that my old friend Kundan Singwi had done pioneering work in neutron scattering which was very relevant to the Mössbauer effect. I had met Kundan and his wife Helga in 1953 when we were both postdocs learning about nuclear energy at Saclay, lived in the same pension operated by the French Atomic Energy Commission, and had dinner together every evening. It was a pleasure to renew our contacts after their arrival at Argonne in 1959 when we were both involved in the Mössbauer effect, and during an extended period while he was at Argonne and we visited every summer. I shall miss both John and Kundan.

Large-Scale Low-Boom Inlet Test Overview

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hirt, Stefanie

2011-01-01

This presentation provides a high level overview of the Large-Scale Low-Boom Inlet Test and was presented at the Fundamental Aeronautics 2011 Technical Conference. In October 2010 a low-boom supersonic inlet concept with flow control was tested in the 8'x6' supersonic wind tunnel at NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC). The primary objectives of the test were to evaluate the inlet stability and operability of a large-scale low-boom supersonic inlet concept by acquiring performance and flowfield validation data, as well as evaluate simple, passive, bleedless inlet boundary layer control options. During this effort two models were tested: a dual stream inlet intended to model potential flight hardware and a single stream design to study a zero-degree external cowl angle and to permit surface flow visualization of the vortex generator flow control on the internal centerbody surface. The tests were conducted by a team of researchers from NASA GRC, Gulfstream Aerospace Corporation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, and the University of Virginia

High Temperature Oxidation and Electrochemical Studies Related to Hot Corrosion.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-04-01

University of Illinois Martin Marietta Laboratories Urbana , Ill 61801 1450 South Rolling Rd. Baltimore, MD 21227-3898 Prof. H.W. Pickering Prof. P.J. Moran...N aval Facilities Engineering Defense Metals and Ceramics Com and :nfo-.a:ion Center Alexandria, VA 22331 Battelle Memoria

Planning for Preservation during Mass Digitization Projects

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Teper, Jennifer Hain; Shaw, Emily F.

2011-01-01

In anticipation of current and future mass digitization projects in which the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign's Library will participate, the Library's Conservation Unit began to gather data on the "scannability" of our general book collections to anticipate potential effects on conservation and preservation work flows. The…

Crime Scene Intelligence. An Experiment in Forensic Entomology

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-11-01

Investigation (Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1993), 72. 23 Smith, 86. 24 G. Bianchini, “La Biologia Del Cadaver, ” Archivic Antropologia...May R. Ninety-Nine More Maggots, Mites, and Munchers. Urbana and Chi- cago: University of Illinois Press, 1985. Bianchini, G. “La Biologia Del

The Student/Library Computer Science Collaborative

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hahn, Jim

2015-01-01

With funding from an Institute of Museum and Library Services demonstration grant, librarians of the Undergraduate Library at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign partnered with students in computer science courses to design and build student-centered mobile apps. The grant work called for demonstration of student collaboration…

Spring 2006. Industry Study. Environment Study

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-01-01

sustainability. 91 On the positive side, a 2005 survey found that an increasing number of business schools are offering courses in ethics, corporate...Studies Journal. Urbana: 2000.Vol.28, Iss. 3; pg. 576, 21 pgs. 92 World Resource Institute (WRI) (2005, October 19) Business Schools Respond to New

Competitiveness of Second Generation Biofuel Feedstocks: Role of Technology and Policy (2010 JGI User Meeting)

ScienceCinema

Khanna, Madhu

2018-02-19

Madhu Khanna from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and the Energy Biosciences Institute on Competitiveness of Second Generation Biofuel Feedstocks: Role of Technology and Policy on March 25, 2010 at the 5th Annual DOE JGI User Meeting.

Digital Primary Source Materials in the Classroom.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bennett, Nuala; Trofanenko, Brenda

Digital technologies bring museums, libraries, and archives together to enhance learning by providing access to digitized primary and secondary cultural resources along with the more traditional bibliographic materials. At the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the University Library and the College of Education are developing a…

Cobertura desarrollada de Puerto Rico

Treesearch

William A. Gould; Sebastian Martinuzzi; Olga M. Ramos Gonzalez

2008-01-01

Este mapa representa la cobertura desarrollada en Puerto Rico (Martinuzzi et al. 2007). Cobertura desarrollada se define aqui como areas urbanas, construidas y sin vegetacion, que resultan de actividad humana. Tipicamente, estas incluyen estructuras construidas, concreto, asfalto, u otra infraestructura. La cobertura desarrollada se creo mediante el analisis de...

User-Oriented Project Accounting System.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hess, Larry G.; Alcorn, Lisa S.

1990-01-01

The project accounting system used by the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign School of Chemical Sciences exchanges financial data with the campus' central accounting system and allows integration of this information with user-entered data to produce an easily read, fully obligated project accounting statement for the budget and period…

NIEHS/EPA CEHCs: Novel Methods to Assess Effects of Bisphenol A & Phthalates on Child Development - University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

At this center, researchers study the effects of two endocrine disruptors that are commonly used in pesticides, plastics and many other products and are also found in vehicle exhaust: bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates.

Talking and Thinking about Qualitative Research

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ellis, Carolyn; Bochner, Arthur; Denzin, Norman; Lincoln, Yvonna; Morse, Janice; Pelias, Ronald; Richardson, Laurel

2008-01-01

This script comes from an edited transcript of a session titled "Talking and Thinking About Qualitative Research," which was part of the 2006 International Congress of Qualitative Inquiry, held at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign on May 4-6, 2006. This special session featured scholars informally responding to questions about their…

The Public Image of the Military as Reflected in Leading Magazines, (1982-1983).

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-06-01

a-I. n America Middle East Vietnam War POW s Vietnam Memoria ; -’-. -. -:-’u...Naw Es±laamaal.: Aamad Eozaa aa Amaa Soie.±, by Char]les C. Moskos, Jr. Peterson, Theodore. Mgzims.s .Lm ±.a I ±~*.~£~.~ Urbana : University of

High Temperature Oxidation and Electrochemical Studies Related to Hot Corrosion.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-12-01

Birnbaum Dept. of Metallurgy & Mining Eng. Dr. W. C. Moshier University of Illinois Martin Marietta Laboratories Urbana , Ill 61801 1450 South...Defense Metals and Ceramics Command Infor-r.ation Center Alexandria, VA 22331 Battelle Memoria !nsri~ure ATTn: Code 03 1 505 King Avenue Columbus, OH

CHOICES. A Resource for Literacy Providers and Homeless Families.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Koehler, Gwen; And Others

CHOICES, a literacy program for homeless families, piloted a program at the Women's Emergency Shelter in Champaign, Illinois and later expanded its services to A Woman's Place, a domestic violence shelter, in Urbana, Illinois. The CHOICES program offered weekly language activities for the children and gave mothers information about developing…

Life Lessons

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stewart, Pearl

2011-01-01

In early 2010, Stig Lanesskog, associate dean for the MBA program at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, challenged a group of his students to venture beyond classroom polemics and into the lives of people in need. Lanesskog took them to South Dakota's Pine Ridge Reservation, a culturally rich and economically devastated area with…

Automated Interactive Storeroom Inventory System.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sapp, Albert L.; Hess, Larry G.

1989-01-01

The inventory system designed for six storerooms in three buildings at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign's School of Chemical Sciences replaced an issue-slip and transactions record system with barcode technology. Data collection error reductions have been significant, making it easier to determine stock levels and plan purchases.…

The Promise and Challenge of Producing Biofuel Feedstocks: An Ecological Perspective (2010 JGI User Meeting)

ScienceCinema

DeLucia, Evan

2018-02-13

Evan DeLucia of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and the Energy Biosciences Institute talks about The Promise and Challenge of Producing Biofuel Feedstocks: An Ecological Perspective on March 25, 2010 at the 5th Annual DOE JGI User Meeting.

Illinois Tech Prep Planning Strategies.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Illinois Univ., Urbana. Dept. of Vocational and Technical Education.

This tech prep planning handbook is based on the research conducted at the Office of Community College Research and Leadership, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. The study involved information gathering procedures at each of the 17 tech prep pilot sites about their planning activities. Seven sections are included: (1) tech prep in…

A Solution Method for Large Deformation Contact Problems.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-10-01

15] Desai, C.S., Zaman, M.M., Lightner , J.G., and Siriwardane, H.J., "Thin Element for Interfaces and Joints," Int. J. Anal. and Num. Meth. in...Urbana, IL 61801 SMCCR-SPS-IL 1 Massachusetts Institute of Technology Aeroelastic and Structures Research Laboratory ATTN: Dr. E. A. Witmer Cambridge

Microcomputer Applications in Local Assessment Systems.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harnisch, Delwyn L.; And Others

The capabilities and hardware requirements of four microcomputer software packages produced by the Office of Educational Testing, Research and Service at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign are described. These programs are: (1) the Scan-Tron Forms Analysis Package Version 2.0, an interface between an IBM-compatible and a Scan-Tron…

Home | University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

Science.gov Websites

Students Faculty & Staff Alumni Parents Campus Resources The Next 150 Strategic Plan Inclusive Illinois Search Directory Quicklinks A-Z Index & Directory Map Library Give Now Resources for Students Faculty & Staff Alumni Parents About About Links Overview Leadership Facts Research Milestones Nobels &

Virtual Service, Real Data: Results of a Pilot Study.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kibbee, Jo; Ward, David; Ma, Wei

2002-01-01

Describes a pilot project at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign reference and undergraduate libraries to test the feasibility of offering real-time online reference service via their Web site. Discusses software selection, policies and procedures, promotion and marketing, user interface, training and staffing, data collection, and…

NSF Says It Will Support Supercomputer Centers in California and Illinois.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Strosnider, Kim; Young, Jeffrey R.

1997-01-01

The National Science Foundation will increase support for supercomputer centers at the University of California, San Diego and the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, while leaving unclear the status of the program at Cornell University (New York) and a cooperative Carnegie-Mellon University (Pennsylvania) and University of Pittsburgh…

Educational benefits of green chemistry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Desmond, Serenity; Ray, Christian; Andino Martínez, José G.

2017-08-01

In this article, we present our current state of affairs in the "greening" of general chemistry laboratories, at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. We recognize the need to quantify our environmental mark and what we plan to do to continue to strive to make our work more sustainable and educational.

Can Vet Schools Teach without Killing Animals?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mangan, Katherine S.

2000-01-01

Discusses a protest by students at the University of Illinois (Urbana) College of Veterinary Medicine over the killing of animals that led to temporary curtailing of lethal animal experiments. Examines the conflict between animal rights groups and some faculty who are openly skeptical about the effectiveness of alternatives to the hands-on…

STEM Leader from the Roeper School: An Interview with Nuclear Engineer Clair J. Sullivan

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ambrose, Don

2016-01-01

Clair J. Sullivan is an assistant professor in the Department of Nuclear, Plasma and Radiological Engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC). Her research interests include radiation detection and measurements; gamma-ray spectroscopy; automated isotope identification algorithms; nuclear forensics; nuclear security;…

Propagation of Regional Phases in the Basin and Range

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-02-02

complex miultiple rupture, Bull. Seusmol. Soc. Am., 57, 1017 W i23 K un.rT~I, "aind G. S. Stew art, Seismologica aspects of she Gutemala 1967...Fred K. Lamb Prof. William Menke University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory Department of Physics of Columbia

A Visual Construct on the Role of the Teacher in Multicultural Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stuckman, Ralph E.

This paper describes an undergraduate teacher education course offered at Urbana University (Ohio). The course introduces preservice teachers to the nature of multiculturalism in terms of economic, social, intellectual, age, and gender differences, leading participants to explore this educational process from sociological and psychological…

Technological Change and Rural Development: A Case Example from Illinois.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hoke, Gordon

In 1980, the Office of Continuing Education and Public Service at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign acquired a W. K. Kellogg Foundation grant to establish a 4-year model Community Information and Education Service (CIES). Working with the university's Cooperative Extension Service and five community colleges, CIES initially focused on…

Problems and Failures in Library Automation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lancaster, F. Wilfrid, Ed.

Drawn from the 15th Annual Clinic on Library Applications of Data Processing, held at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the nine papers presented in this volume deal with problems--or, in some cases, downright failures--in the automation of various facets of library service. They range from a general survey of failures or limitations…

Policing the New World Disorder: Peace Operations and Public Security

DTIC Science & Technology

1998-01-01

Ministerio de Justicia, 1993). 25IUDOP, "La delincuencia urbana," Estudios Centroamericanos 534-545 (April/May 1993), 471-79. "Report of the Director...and Special Forces were used for urgently needed repairs. A special prison was established for women and juveniles in Port-au-Prince to separate them

Integrating Assessment into Recurring Information Literacy Instruction: A Case Study from LIS Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Searing, Susan E.

2007-01-01

Information literacy instruction is integrated into the distance education program in library and information science (LEEP) at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign (UIUC). This article describes the LEEP program and the library services provided to its students. Published research on LEEP and related topics in librarianship is reviewed.…

Sediment Budget on the Indiana Shore at Burns Harbor, Lake Michigan

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-05-15

formation of the Indiana Dunes 146 20/03/2015 16 pp 3 National Lakeshore (Engel 1983, Franklin and Schaeffer 1983, Higgs 1995). The Harbor is a...shores of Lake Michigan,” University of Illinois Press, Urbana, IL, 278 p. Higgs , S. (1995). “Eternal Vigilance: Nine Tales of Environmental

The Age of the Supercomputer Gives Way to the Age of the Super Infrastructure.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Young, Jeffrey R.

1997-01-01

In October 1997, the National Science Foundation will discontinue financial support for two university-based supercomputer facilities to concentrate resources on partnerships led by facilities at the University of California, San Diego and the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. The reconfigured program will develop more user-friendly and…

Assessing Digital Humanities Tools: Use of Scalar at a Research University

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tracy, Daniel G.

2016-01-01

As librarians increasingly support digital publication platforms, they must also understand the user experience of these tools. This case study assesses use of Scalar, a digital humanities publishing platform for media-rich projects, at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Based on a survey, interviews, and content analysis, the study…

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs): Participant Activity, Demographics, and Satisfaction

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shrader, Sara; Wu, Maryalice; Owens, Dawn; Santa Ana, Kathleen

2016-01-01

This paper examines activity patterns, participant demographics, and levels of satisfaction in multiple MOOC offerings at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign from August 2012-December 2013. Using the following guiding questions: "Who are MOOC participants, how do they participate, and were they able to get what they wanted out of…

A Teaching Artist in Rural Schools: Sowing Seeds for Creative Expression

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kuper, Kate

2006-01-01

For nearly 25 years, the author has driven the highways and back roads of Illinois, teaching dance to school children, leading family programs, performing lecture/demonstrations, and choreographing technically simple, conceptually complex pieces with and for young dancers. The author's home base is Champaign/Urbana (C/U), twin cities with a…

Data Management Practices and Perspectives of Atmospheric Scientists and Engineering Faculty

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wiley, Christie; Mischo, William H.

2016-01-01

This article analyzes 21 in-depth interviews of engineering and atmospheric science faculty at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) to determine faculty data management practices and needs within the context of their research activities. A detailed literature review of previous large-scale and institutional surveys and interviews…

Microwave Processing of Materials

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-01-01

up to many meters in electrically insulating materials, such as ceramics, polymers, and certain composite materials. As discussed in Chapter 2, the...for University of Illinois, Urbana Center: High Performance Polymeric Materials Technology 1206 West Green Street Adhesives & Composites United...Michigan State University, application of microwave processing to polymers and polymer composites Dr. Raymond Decker, University Science Partners

A Wireless Platform for Energy Efficient Building Control Retrofits

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-08-01

University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign UTRC United Technologies Research Center VFD variable frequency drive WSN wireless sensor network ...demonstration area. .............................................................. 16 Table 4. Cost model for wireless sensor network ...buildings with MPC-based whole-building optimal control and (2) reduction in first costs achievable with a wireless sensor network (WSN)-based

Creating Fee-Based Online Services: A New Role for Academic Librarians.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Trehub, Aaron

1999-01-01

Discussion of the impact of the Internet on libraries focuses on librarians as creators and marketers of new online services. Describes two fee-based online services at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and concludes that academic libraries have the ability to create new online services, especially reference services. (Author/LRW)

An Electronic Finding Aid Using Extensible Markup Language (XML) and Encoded Archival Description (EAD).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chang, May

2000-01-01

Describes the development of electronic finding aids for archives at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign that used XML (extensible markup language) and EAD (encoded archival description) to enable more flexible information management and retrieval than using MARC or a relational database management system. EAD template is appended.…

Mumps Outbreak at a University and Recommendation for a Third Dose of Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine - Illinois, 2015-2016.

PubMed

Albertson, Justin P; Clegg, Whitney J; Reid, Heather D; Arbise, Benjamin S; Pryde, Julie; Vaid, Awais; Thompson-Brown, Rachella; Echols, Fredrick

2016-07-29

Mumps is an acute viral disease characterized by fever and swelling of the parotid or other salivary glands. On May 1, 2015, the Illinois Department of Public Health (IDPH) confirmed a mumps outbreak at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. IDPH and the Champaign-Urbana Public Health District (C-UPHD) conducted an investigation and identified 317 cases of mumps during April 2015-May 2016. Because of sustained transmission in a population with high 2-dose coverage with measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine, a third MMR dose was recommended by IDPH, C-UPHD, and the university's McKinley Health Center. No formal recommendation for or against the use of a third MMR dose has been issued by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) (1). However, CDC has provided guidelines for use of a third dose as a control measure during mumps outbreaks in settings in which persons are in close contact with one another, where transmission is sustained despite high 2-dose MMR coverage, and when traditional control measures fail to slow transmission (2).

Impacto del Seguro Popular en el gasto catastrófico y de bolsillo en el México rural y urbano, 2005–2008

PubMed Central

Sosa-Rubí, Sandra G; Salinas-Rodríguez, Aarón; Galárraga, Omar

2016-01-01

Objetivo Estimar el efecto del Seguro Popular (SP) sobre la incidencia del gasto catastrófico en salud (GCS) y sobre el gasto de bolsillo en salud (GBS) en el mediano plazo. Material y métodos Con base en la Encuesta de Evaluación del Seguro Popular (2005–2008), se analizaron los resultados del efecto del SP en la cohorte rural para dos años de seguimiento (2006 y 2008) y en la cohorte urbana para un año (2008). Resultados A nivel conglomerado no se detectaron efectos del SP. A nivel hogar se encontró que el SP tiene un efecto protector en el GCS y en el GBS en consulta externa y hospitalización en zonas rurales; y efectos significativos en la reducción de GBS en consulta externa en zonas urbanas. Conclusiones El SP se muestra como un programa efectivo para proteger a los hogares contra gastos de bolsillo por motivos de salud en el mediano plazo. PMID:22282205

Investigation of the winds and electron concentration variability in the D region of the ionosphere by the partial-reflection radar technique

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Weiland, R. M.; Bowhill, S. A.

1981-01-01

The development and first observations of the partial-reflection drifts experiment at Urbana, Illinois (40 N) are described. The winds data from the drifts experiment are compared with electron concentration data obtained by the differential-absorption technique to study the possible meteorological causes of the winter anomaly in the mesosphere at midlatitudes. winds data obtained by the meteor-radar experiment at Urbana are also compared with electron concentration data measured at Urban. A significant correlation is shown is both cases between southward winds and increasing electron concentration measured at the same location during winter. The possibility of stratospheric/mesospheric coupling is investigated by comparing satellite-measured 0.4 mbar geopotential data with mesospheric electron concentration data. No significant coupling was observed. The winds measured at Saskatoon, Saskatchewan (52 N) are compared with the electron concentrations measured at Urban, yielding constant fixed relationship, but significant correlations for short segments of the winter. A significant coherence is observed at discrete frequencies during segments of the winter.

Transmission scenarios of major vector-borne diseases in Colombia, 1990-2016.

PubMed

Padilla, Julio César; Lizarazo, Fredy Eberto; Murillo, Olga Lucía; Mendigaña, Fernando Antonio; Pachón, Edwin; Vera, Mauricio Javier

2017-03-29

Introducción. Las enfermedades transmitidas por vectores representan más de 17 % de todas las enfermedades infecciosas y causan anualmente un millón de defunciones a nivel mundial. En Colombia, la malaria, el dengue, la enfermedad de Chagas y las leishmaniasis son condiciones endemoepidémicas persistentes.Objetivo. Determinar el comportamiento epidemiológico de las enfermedades transmitidas por vectores en zonas urbanas y rurales de Colombia entre 1990 y 2016.Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio descriptivo del comportamiento epidemiológico de las principales enfermedades transmitidas por vectores en zonas urbanas y rurales de Colombia entre 1990 y 2016, con la información proveniente de fuentes oficiales secundarias.Resultados. En el periodo estudiado se registraron 5'360.134 casos de enfermedades transmitidas por vectores, de los cuales 54,7 % fueron de malaria y 24,9 % de dengue. Estos casos concentraron el 80 % de la carga acumulada de casos de enfermedades transmitidas por vectores. Las medianas de las tasas de incidencia fueron 1.371 y 188 por 100.00 habitantes para malaria y dengue, respectivamente. Además, los casos de chikungunya fueron 774.831 desde su introducción en el 2014 y, los de Zika, 117.674 desde su aparición en 2015. En las zonas rurales predominaron las enfermedades parasitarias transmitidas por vectores como la malaria, las leishmaniasis y la enfermedad de Chagas. A nivel urbano, predominaron el dengue, el chikungunya y el Zika.Conclusiones. La transmisión en Colombia de estas enfermedades es persistente en las zonas urbanas y en las rurales, y de tipo endemoepidémico en los casos de malaria, dengue, leishmaniasis y enfermedad de Chagas. Dicha transmisión se ha dado de manera focalizada y con patrones variables de intensidad. Asimismo, se mantienen las condiciones que han favorecido la transmisión emergente de nuevas arbovirosis.

Connecting Families through Innovative Technology in an Early Childhood Gifted Program.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kristovich, Sharon; Hertzog, Nancy B.; Klein, Marjorie

University Primary School (UPS) is an early childhood gifted program affiliated with the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. This paper highlights three innovative uses of technology at UPS: Knowledge Web pages, photo portfolios, and Chickscope. The Knowledge Web pages are a collection of Web pages that serve as a virtual bulletin board…

Investigating Textbook Reserves: A Case Study of Two Models for Reserves Collections

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pitts-Noggle, Stephanie; Rafferty, Ryan

2017-01-01

This article examines the behaviors and preferences of medical and nursing students in relation to their required textbooks and library reserves. The findings are based on an April 2015 survey at the University of Illinois-Chicago satellite Library of the Health Sciences in Urbana, where the library provides access to textbooks through traditional…

Professional Training for TRADOC Environmental and Natural Resource Professionals. Volume 2. Source Listings

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-05-01

Plant Biology); Carol Augspurger 376 INSTITUTION; COOPERATOR University of Illinois, Urbana ( Ecology , Ethology & Evolution ...43 Ph.D. 33 33 33 1 STRENGTHS AND SPECIALTIES Subject Matter Strengths: Biogeography, community ecology , vertebrate ecology , plant /insect interactions ... ecology , population ecology of small mammals, avian ecology , plant /animal interactions . Formal Teaching/Research Arrangements With Other

Symposium on Early Childhood Education (Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, November 9-10, 1997). Abstracts.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Illinois Univ., Champaign. Coll. of Education.

This book compiles abstracts of presentations from a symposium held in honor of Dr. Bernard Spodek, a leading scholar in early childhood education, on the occasion of his retirement. Topics addressed are as follows: (1) culture in early childhood curriculum; (2) developmental and cultural appropriateness; (3) kindergarten in Japan; (4) pressure…

Instructivo del Alfabetizador: Poblacion Urbana (Reading and Writing Instruction: Urban Population).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Instituto Nacional para la Educacion de los Adultos, Mexico City (Mexico).

This series of instructional materials is designed for Spanish speaking adults in Mexico who are in the process of becoming literate or have recently become literate in their native language. The reading/writing workbook is presented in two volumes along with a teacher's manual for an adult literacy program directed at urban inhabitants of Mexico.…

Proceedings of the Antenna Applications Symposium Held in Urbana-Champaign, Illinois on September 24, 25, 26, 1980

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-09-01

University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Sept. 1975. 18 9. J. L. Bogdanor , R. A. Rearlman, and M. D. Siegel, "Intrasystem Electromagnetic...34 IRE Transactions on Antennas and Propa- gation, May 1962, pp. 264-273. 11. J. L. Bogdanor , R. A. Pearlman, and M. D. Siegel, "Intrasystem

Solid State Cooling with Advanced Oxide Materials

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-06-03

Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering , and Department of Electrical and Computer... Engineering University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign Program Overview The focus of this program was to probe electro-(magneto-)caloric materials for... engineering systems by developing theoretical and experimental approaches to study thermodynamic properties and effects in thin film systems. Despite

Papers in African Linguistics. Current Inquiry into Language and Linguistics I.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kim, Chin-Wu, Ed.; Stahlke, Herbert, Ed.

This volume, a collection of selected papers from the Conference on African Languages and Linguistics organized by the Department of Linguistics of the University of Illinois and held at Urbana-Champaign on April 24-25, 1970, contains: W. E. Welmers, "The Typology of the Proto-Niger-Kordofanian Noun Class System"; D. Dalby, "A…

78 FR 43853 - Designation for the Champaign-Danville, IL Area; Correction to Geographic Area for Champaign...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-22

...) to provide official services under the United States Grain Standards Act (USGSA), as amended. In... March 31, 2016. Interested persons may obtain official services by contacting these agencies at the... Designation end Champaign Urbana, IL, (217) 344-9306..... 4/1/2013 3/31/2016 Section 79(f) of the USGSA...

Training the Future - Swamp Work Activities

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-07-19

In the Swamp Works laboratory at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida, student interns such as Kevin Murphy are joining agency scientists, contributing in the area of Exploration Research and Technology. Murphy is majoring in mechanical engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. The agency attracts its future workforce through the NASA Internship, Fellowships and Scholarships, or NIFS, Program.

AACR2 Impact and OCLC Cataloging.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clark, Sharon E.; Lenzini, Rebecca T.

This paper analyzes the impact of adopting the Anglo-American Cataloging Rules, second edition (AACR2), upon cataloging at the library of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. The staffing and workflow of the OCLC unit which incorporated AACR2 is described and figures are reported on the effects of AACR2 application as measured on the…

Integral Manifold in System Design with Application to Flexible Link Robot Control

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-06-01

environment. I am very grateful to my advisor . Professor Kokotovic. whose insight and guidance in my research work led me to the beginning of my...MANIFOLD IN SVSTEM DESIGN WITH RPLICATION TT 2Z2 FLEXIBLE LINK ROBO (U) ILLINOIS UNIV AT URBANA DECISION AND CONTROL LAB H C TSENG JUN 98

Public Access to Library Automation. Clinic on Library Applications of Data Processing (17th, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1980).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Divilbiss, J. L., Ed.

Eight studies by experts in the field of information retrieval examine aspects of public use of such automated systems as online catalogs in libraries. Ward Shaw discusses "Design Principles for Public Access," outlining desirable characteristics of an information retrieval system. Allen Avner and H. George Friedman, Jr. treat problems…

Formation of Silicon Nitride Structures by Direct Electron-Beam Writing.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-02-01

Urbana, Illinois 73 ii To My Very Own Sivvy ...We have come so far, it is over... from "Edge" by Sylvia Plath I p2" -,i ’- ’.’ . --’ -o . o...1 bellows custom fabricated from type 304 LN stainless steel, which is fully rated for cryogenic service. On the subject of service life , we should

Early Childhood Research & Practice: An Internet Journal on the Development, Care, and Education of Young Children, Spring 2003.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Katz, Lilian G., Ed.; Rothenberg, Dianne, Ed.; Preece, Laurel

2003-01-01

Early Childhood Research and Practice (ECRP), a peer-reviewed Internet-only journal sponsored by the Early Childhood and Parenting (ECAP) Collaborative at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, covers topics related to the development, care, and education of children from birth to approximately age 8. The journal emphasizes articles…

International Symposium on the Effective Teaching of Racquet Sports. Proceedings (1st, Urbana, Illinois, June 11-14, 1980).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Groppel, Jack L., Ed.; Sears, Ronald G., Ed.

Researchers, coaches, and players of racquet sports were brought together for this symposium on four racquet sports. Although most of the papers presented at the symposium were written by Americans, one of the speakers was from Canada, and another was from Australia. The sports represented were badminton, racquetball, tennis, and squash. In Part…

Proceedings of a National Symposium on the Racquet Sports. An Exploration of Research Implications and Teaching Strategies (Urbana, Illinois, June 13-16, 1979).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Groppel, Jack L., Ed.

Conference proceedings from this national symposium on hard scientific research and developments in teaching tennis, squash, racquetball, and badminton are divided into several sections. The first deals with sports medicine and the biomechanics of the racquet sports. The second part discusses the pyschological and sociological aspects of…

Crew Station Aspects of Manned Spacecraft. Degree awared by University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1972

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Goodman, Jerry Ronald

2006-01-01

This thesis presents a frame work for a crew station handbook and includes samples of the broader areas which such a handbook should cover. The completed sections of this thesis serve as extensive treatments of the topics covered. The content of the individual sections of Chapters I and II varied with my experience and knowledge.

Modelo de Alfabetizacion: A Poblacion Urbana y Rural. Documento General (Literacy Model: Urban and Rural Populations. General Document).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Instituto Nacional para la Educacion de los Adultos, Mexico City (Mexico).

This document describes literacy models for urban and rural populations in Mexico. It contains four sections. The first two sections (generalizations about the population and considerations about the teaching of adults) discuss the environment that creates illiterate adults and also describe some of the conditions under which learning takes place…

Side by Side: What a Comparative Usability Study Told Us about a Web Site Redesign

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dougan, Kirstin; Fulton, Camilla

2009-01-01

Library Web sites must compete against easy-to-use sites, such as Google Scholar, Google Books, and Wikipedia, for students' time and attention. Library Web sites must therefore be designed with aesthetics and user perceptions at the forefront. The Music and Performing Arts Library at Urbana-Champaign's Web site was overcrowded and in much need of…

Uso de terreno urbano y rural en Puerto Rico

Treesearch

Sebastian Martinuzzi; William A. Gould; Olga M. Ramos Gonzalez; Maya Quinones; Michael E. Jimenez

2008-01-01

El Proyecto de Analisis de Gap de Puerto Rico (PRGAP) (Gould et al. 2008) desarrollo tres usos de terrenos para Puerto Rico: Urbano, Suburbano, y Rural (Martinuzzi et al. 2007). Estas regiones tambien pueden ser consideradas como urbano, densamente-poblado rural, y escasamente-poblado rural, o como urbano y area silvestre con una interfase de area silvestre-urbana. La...

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Materials Research Laboratory progress report for FY 1992

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1992-07-01

This interdisciplinary laboratory in the College of Engineering support research in areas of condensed matter physics, solid state chemistry, and materials science. These research programs are developed with the assistance of faculty, students, and research associates in the departments of Physics, Materials Science and Engineering, chemistry, Chemical Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Nuclear Engineering.

Dimensions of Familism among Hispanic and Mainstream Navy Recruits

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-04-01

Speaking Mental Health Research Center Urbana-Champaign University of California, Los Angeles Judith Lisansky & Bei-Hung Chang University of Illinois...Culture, disease, and stress among Latino immigEants. Washington: Research Institute on Immigration and Ethnic Studies, Smithsonian Institute, 1979...D.C.: Institute of Comparative Social & Cultural Studies, Inc., 1978. Szapocznik, j. A prograumatic mental health approach to enhancing the meaning of

Practical Techniques for Language Design and Prototyping

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-01-01

Practical Techniques for Language Design and Prototyping Mark-Oliver Stehr1 and Carolyn L. Talcott2 1 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign...cs.stanford.edu Abstract. Global computing involves the interplay of a vast variety of languages , but practially useful foundations for language ...framework, namely rewriting logic, that allows us to express (1) and (2) and, in addition, language aspects such as concurrency and non-determinism. We

Language Legislation and Linguistic Rights: Selected Proceedings of the Language Legislation and Linguistic Rights Conference (Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, March 21-23, 1996). IMPACT: Studies in Language and Society, Volume 2.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kibbee, Douglas A. Ed.

This edited volume of conference papers contains the following titles: "Presentation: Realism and Idealism in Language Conflict and Their Resolution" (Douglas A. Kibbee); "Legal and Linguistic Perspectives on Language Legislation" (Douglas A. Kibbee); "The Linguistic Rights of Non-English Speaking Suspects, Witnesses,…

Bug Distribution and Pattern Classification.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-07-15

Center Educational Psychology University of Leyden San Diego. CA 92152 Urbana. IL 61801 Education Research Center oernaavelaan 2 Dr. Erling B. Andersen...Dr. Dattprasad rlivgi 23314 EN Leyden Department of Statistics Syracuse University The NETHERLANDS 3tudiestraede 6 Department of Psychology 1455...Rebecca Hetter Learning R&D Center Navy Personnel R&D Center University of Pittsburgh Ms. Kathleen Moreno Code 62 Pittsburgh, PA 15260 Navy Personnel R

Conserving and Preserving Library Materials. Papers Presented at the Allerton Park Institute (Urbana, Illinois, November 15-18, 1981). Allerton Park Institute Number 27.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Henderson, Kathryn Luther, Ed.; Henderson, William T., Ed.

Papers presented at the 1981 Allerton Park Institute include: (1) "Conservation: What We should Do Until the Conservator and the Twenty-first Century Arrive," by Robert H. Patterson; (2) "Expanding Preservation Resources: The Corps of Practitioners and the Core of Knowledge," by Pamela W. Darling; (3) "National Preservation Planning and Regional…

Investigating the Possibility of Using TOEFL Scores for University ESL Decision-Making: Placement Trends and Effect of Time Lag

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kokhan, Kateryna

2012-01-01

The English Placement Test (EPT) at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) is designed to provide an accurate placement (or exemption) of international students into the ESL writing and pronunciation classes. Over the last five years, UIUC has experienced an increase in the number of international students taking the EPT. Because of…

Case Study of a Successful Educational Partnership: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and the Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

DeVol, Dave

2014-01-01

When the Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy (IMSA) was founded in 1985, the state of Illinois charged IMSA with two mandates: (1) "The primary role of the Academy shall be to offer a uniquely challenging education for students talented in the areas of mathematics and science." (2) "The Academy shall also carry a responsibility…

The Perfect Career: Jennifer Hain-Teper--University of Illinois Library, Urbana-Champaign

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Library Journal, 2004

2004-01-01

This article details the work of Jennifer Hain-Teper, from the University of Illinois Library. For Jennifer Hain Teper, it all began with a simple question: "If you could do anything at all, regardless of pay, what would it be?" This was posed by a friend when Hain Teper was a volunteer at the wildflower research center in Austin, TX.…

Neuropsychological Component of Imagery Processing

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-01-25

and von Bonin, G. (1951). The Isocortex of Man. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press. Bauer, R. M., and Rubens, A. B. (1985). Agnosia . In K. M...Apperceptive agnosia : the specification and description of constructs. In Humphreys, G. W., and Riddoch, M. J. (1987a) (Eds.). Visual Object Processing: A...visual processing: agnosias , achromatopsia, Balint’s syndrome and related difficulties of orientation and construction. In M.-M. Mesulam (Ed

Neuropsychological Components of Object Identification

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-01-10

Man. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press. Bauer, R. M., and Rubens, A. B. (1985). Agnosia . In K. M. Heilman and E. Valenstein (Eds.), Clinical...J. (1987). Apperceptive agnosia : the specification and description of constructs. In Humphreys, G. W., and Riddoch, M. J. (1987a) (Eds.). Visual... agnosias , achromatopsia, Balint’s syndrome and related difficulties of orientation and construction. In M.-M. Mesulam (Ed.), Principles of Behavioral

Bombardment of Thin Lithium Films with Energetic Plasma Flows

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gray, Travis Kelly

2009-01-01

The Divertor Erosion and Vapor Shielding Experiment (DEVEX) has been constructed in the Center for Plasma-Material Interactions at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. It consists of a conical theta-pinch connected to a 60 kV, 36 [mu]F capacitor bank which is switched with a rise time of 3.5 [mu]s. This results in a peak current of 300…

Visualizing Subject Access for 21st Century Information Resources. Papers Presented at the Clinic on Library Applications of Data Processing (34th, Urbana, Illinois, March 2-4, 1997).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cochrane, Pauline Atherton, Ed.; Johnson, Eric H., Ed.

This proceedings represents and documents in part the 16 presentations made at the 34th Annual Clinic on Library Applications of Data Processing. World Wide Web URLs that provide insight into each presentation are included. Presentations include: (1) "Hypostatizing Data Collections, Especially Bibliographic: Abstractions, Representations,…

Data Sharing Interviews with Crop Sciences Faculty: Why They Share Data and How the Library Can Help

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Williams, Sarah C.

2013-01-01

This study was designed to generate a deeper understanding of data sharing by targeting faculty members who had already made data publicly available. During interviews, crop scientists at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign were asked why they decided to share data, why they chose a data sharing method (e. g., supplementary file,…

Validation of the Noncommissioned Officer Special Assignment Battery

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-03-01

scoring designed to reduce the effects of faking in personality assessment [ Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Stark, S...conducted factor analyses to determine whether these scales could be reasonably combined to create a reduced number of criteria for examining WAI and NSAB...has been that previously validated instruments for this purpose required proctored testing. To make it easier for Soldiers to be tested, reduce

Development of Laboratory Model Ecosystems as Early Warning Elements of Environmental Pollution

DTIC Science & Technology

1974-12-01

AD-AOll 851 DEVELOPMENT OF LABORATORY MODEL ECOSYSTEMS AS EARLY WARNING ELEMENTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION Robert L. Metcalf... ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION Robert L. Metcalf, Ph. D. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Illinois INTRODUCTION Problems of environmental pollution with...house dust is unsafe to breathe (Ewing and Pearson, 1974). Most of the source of our concern about environmental pollution by trace substances relates

Exploiting Auxiliary Information about Examinees in the Estimation of Item Parameters.

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-05-01

Research. The author is grateful to Kathleen Sheehan and Martha Stocking for their comments and suggestions. a, • ... Am -. ,** . Exploiting...Research Laboratory Dr. Hans Crombag 103 South Mathews Street University of Leyden Urbana, IL 61801 Education Research Center Boerhaavelaan 2 Dr. Susan...Embretson 23-4 EN Leyden University of Kansas The NETHERLANDS Psychology Department Lawrence, KS 66045 CTR/McGraw-Hill Library 2500 Garden Road ERIC

The Third Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-03-01

Astronomy, MSC 4500, New Mexico State University, P.O. Box 30001, Las Cruces, NM 88003. 6 Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University... Mexico Institute of Technology, 801 Leroy Place, Socorro, NM 87801. 14 Department of Astronomy, University of Illinois, 1002 West Green Street, Urbana...NJ 08544. 49 FNRS Institut d’Astronomie et d’Astrophysique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP. 226, Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium

The Computer as a Tool for Learning through Reflection.

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-03-01

different accents and backgrounds (e.g., Vanessa Redgrave, Martin Luther King, and Ricardo Montalban). Thus students can compare how they read the...Coordinated Science Laboratory Santa Barbara, CA 93106 University of Illinois Urbana, IL 61801 Edward E. Eddowes CNATRA N301 Goery Delacote Naval Air Station...DC 20052 Dr. James G. Greeno University of California Dr Jim Hollan Berkeley. CA 94720 Intelligent Systems Group Institute for Prof Edward Haertel

An Adaptive Multiscale Finite Element Method for Large Scale Simulations

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-09-28

Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Abstract Hypersonic vehicles are subjected to extreme acoustic, thermal and mechanical loading with strong spatial and temporal...07/15/2012 Reporting Period End Date 07/14/2015 Abstract Hypersonic vehicles are subjected to extreme acoustic, thermal and mechanical loading with...gradients and for extended periods of time. Long duration, 3-D simulations of non-linear response of these vehicles , is prohibitively expensive using

Chemically Initiated Electron-Exchange Luminescence.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-11-14

CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS IQ. REPORT DATE Chemistry Program, raterials Science Division, November 14, 1980 Office of Naval Research, 800 N. Quincy...A./IHorn Prepared for Publication in9 z Chemi- and Bio-Energized Processes School of Chemical Sciences University of Illinois Urbana, Illinois 61801...National Science Foundation and in part by the Office of Naval Research. GBS is a Fellow of the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation (1977-79) and The Dreyfus

Critical Issues in Library Management: Organizing for Leadership and Decision-Making. Papers from the Thirty-Fifth Allerton Institute. Occasional Papers, Nos. 198/199.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Allen, Bryce L., Ed.; Weech, Terry L., Ed.

This is a collection of six papers on critical issues in library management presented at the annual Allerton Park Conference (35th, October 24-26, 1993) sponsored by the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Graduate School of Library and Information Science. The first paper, "Learning about Leadership: What Works in Modern Organizations"…

The China Connection: Western Institutions Meet Chinese Students and Alumni on the Country's Most Popular Social Media

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ramspott, Becca

2013-01-01

As one of the top U.S. choices for international students, the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign has a solid reputation in China and a history of educating Chinese students that goes back more than a century. But the university did not realize until last June that its nickname in China is the "Cornfield Ivy" and that Chinese…

Experimental Studies of Lateral Electron Transport in Gallium Arsenide-Aluminum Gallium Arsenide Heterostructures.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-12-01

AD-A125 858 EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF LATERAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT IN 1/3 GALLIUM ARSENIDE-RL..(U) ILLINOIS UNIV AT URBANA COORDINATED SCIENCE LAB N R...EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF LATERALXILECTRON TRANSPORT ,:g IN GALLIUM ARSENIDE -ALUMINUM GALLIUM ARSENIDE- -HETEROSTRUCTURES APRVE O PUBLICRLEAS.DSRBUINULMTE. 2...EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF LATERAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT IN GALLIUM ARSENIDE-ALUMINUM GALLIUM ARSENIDE Technical Report R-975 HETEROSTRUCTURES 6. PERFORMING ONG

Interrelationships between Work Life and Family Life. Proceedings, Silver Jubilee Conference, Illinois Teacher of Home Economics (Urbana, Illinois, April l8-2l, 1982).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Spitze, Hazel Taylor, Ed.

These conference proceedings examine the interrelationships between work life and family life and explore ways in which home economics education can contribute to the solution of attendant problems. The opening session includes a welcome and an introduction to the topic. Other papers address (1) the evolution of the role of women; (2) inflation…

Dendrite Model

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1999-01-01

Dr. Donald Gilles, the Discipline Scientist for Materials Science in NASA's Microgravity Materials Science and Applications Department, demonstrates to Carl Dohrman a model of dendrites, the branch-like structures found in many metals and alloys. Dohrman was recently selected by the American Society for Metals International as their 1999 ASM International Foundation National Merit Scholar. The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign freshman recently toured NASA's materials science facilities at the Marshall Space Flight Center.

Psychometric Approach to Error Analysis on Response Patterns of Achievement Tests.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-02-01

Maxwell Dr. Richard L. Ferguson I Dr. Earl Hunt Department of Psychology The American Collage Testing Program Dept. of Psychology University of Houston...South Carolina Educational Testing Service Columbia. SC 29208 Princeton. NJ 08541 PROF. FiFIIKO SAMEJIMA 1 Dr. Kikumi Tatsuoka DEPT. OF PSYCHOLOGY ...Illinois Urbana Illinois PSYCHOMETRIC APPROACH TO ERROR ANALYSIS ON RESPONSE PATTERNS OF ACHIEVEMENT TESTS -.C, 0 ~KIKUMI K. TATSUOKA -’- MENUCHA

Diligence in front-end processes is critical: an interview with Cheryl A. Harmon.

PubMed

Harmon, Cheryl A

2002-12-01

Cheryl Harmon's position reflects her organization's emphasis on an expanded role for the CFO. Harmon was hired recently to serve as CFO of Provena Covenant Medical Center, (PCMC) in Urbana, Illinois. Her mission as CFO is to help develop strategies to ensure that Provena Covenant maintains its financial stability. Harmon appreciates Povena Covenant's creative approaches to challenges faced by many healthcare organizations, such as workforce shortages.

Twenty-Five Years of Linguistic Research and Teaching at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Graduate Research by Doctoral and Master's Degree Students.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kachru, Braj B., Ed.

1992-01-01

A special issue of the journal, dedicated to Henry B. Kahane, the late founder of the Department of Linguistics at the University of Illinois at Champaign, celebrates the department's first 25 years. It contains three parts. The first consists of specifically commissioned papers originally written in 1973-74 and meant for a specific project,…

Summary of Literature Describing the Functional Ability of Wetlands to Enhance Wastewater Quality

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-08-01

may be used with these plants. Duckweed ( Lemna minor ), reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea), water lily (Nymphaea sp., Nuphar sp.), and others may...sition shifted to cattail (Typha latifolia) and duck weed ( Lemna minor ), and above ground biomass increased by a factor of four. Sediment deposition in...Macrophytes: Biochemical Study And Mathematical Modelling (Artificial Wetland, Ecological Modelling, depurmodelling Dcion De Aguas Residuales Urbanas De

Microgravity

NASA Image and Video Library

1999-12-01

Dr. Donald Gilles, the Discipline Scientist for Materials Science in NASA's Microgravity Materials Science and Applications Department, demonstrates to Carl Dohrman a model of dendrites, the branch-like structures found in many metals and alloys. Dohrman was recently selected by the American Society for Metals International as their 1999 ASM International Foundation National Merit Scholar. The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign freshman recently toured NASA's materials science facilities at the Marshall Space Flight Center.

Forth system for coherent-scatter radar data acquisition and processing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rennier, A. D.; Bowhill, S. A.

1985-01-01

A real time collection system was developed for the Urbana coherent scatter radar system. The new system, designed for use with a microcomputer, has several advantages over the old system implemented with a minicomputer. The software used to collect the data is described as well as the processing software used to analyze the data. In addition a magnetic tape format for coherent scatter data exchange is given.

Supplement request for Support of MRS Symposium (PECASE: Active Microstructured Polymer Systems)

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-07-06

materials (e.g., gels, polymers, liquids , liquid crystals and photosensitive materials) that can change shape in a controlled response to stimuli. These...Rogers1. 1, , University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA. Show Abstract 8:45 AM - *XX1.02 New Wonders of Nafion : Shape Memory, Temperature Memory... Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA; 5, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow

Brain Region and Cell Type Transcripts for Informative Diagnostics

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-09-01

cerebral cortex region, the caudoputamen region GPi, GPe CTX PIR TH CP TRS CP PVT CP PVT BST Fx CP 17 distinctly comes out. This...oligodendrocytes and astrocytes cell- specific genes (marked with white arrow in Table 5). The columns of the fornix ( Fx ) region are also clustered with...Invited talks this year: NP: Seminar, Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, September 2, 2010 oligo > astro

Antimony-Based Type-II Superlattice Photodetectors

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-09-06

photodetectors, antimony-based mid- infrared detectors Shun L. Chuang, Russell D. Dupuis University of Illinois - Urbana Grants and Contracts Office...Q. Yang, Interband Cascade Detectors , US Patent #7,282,777, October 16, 2007. Graduate Students PERCENT_SUPPORTEDNAME Shin Mou 0.25 Adam Petschke...DD882) Inventions (DD882) Interband Cascade Detectors Patent Filed in US? (5d-1) Y NPatent Filed in Foreign Countries? (5d-2) Was the assignment

Pre-Engineering Program: Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-08-29

educators in the Urbana-Champaign area. 15. SUBJECT TERMS STEM: science, technology , engineering, mathematics 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 19a. NAME...9132T-13-1-0002 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Pre-Engineering Program: Science, Technology , Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER N...project was focused on underserved children in grades 1-6 who need, but have limited access to, out-of-school time STEM (science, technology

ILLIAC IV Applications Research

DTIC Science & Technology

1974-12-31

Reducino a Real Matrix to the Unper-Hessenbern Form," CAC Document Ko . 11: Center for Advanced Computation, Pniversitv of Illinois at Urbana...Complex for small-scale interactive imane analysis; (4) The APPA Network for decentrali7ed user access Ko t.hp system; -11- APPA FINAL REPORT (5...Grossman David M. Grothe Bruce P. Hanna Bruce M. Hannon James H. Hansen David C. Healy Steven F, Holmgren Dorothy J. Hopkin Robert J. Husby Renato

Being There is Only the Beginning: Toward More Effective Web 2.0 Use in Academic Libraries

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-01-02

Google is Our Friend,” and “ Plagiarism 101.” Also unlike the hard-to-find blogs, many academic libraries, including both Hollins University and Urbana...Effective Web 2.0 Use in Academic Libraries by Hanna C. Bachrach Pratt Institute...5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 2.0 Use in Academic Libraries 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) Bachrach

Switched Systems With Multiple Invariant Sets

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-05-06

LaSalle’s invariant set theorem [10] allow us to analyze asymptotic stability of this larger class of systems . LaSalle’s theorem and much of the... Stability and conver- gence for systems with switching equilibria, in: Proc. of the 46th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control , 2007. [8] X. Xu, G...Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 Abstract This paper explores dwell time constraints on switched systems with mul- tiple, possibly disparate

Rayleigh lidar observations of gravity wave activity in the upper stratosphere at Urbana, Ill.

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gardner, C. S.; Miller, M. S.; Liu, C. H.

1988-01-01

During 13 nights of Rayleigh lidar measurements at Urbana, Ill. in 1984 to 1986, thirty-six quasi-monochromatic gravity waves were observed in the 35 to 50 km altitude region of the stratosphere. The characteristics of the waves are compared with other lidar and radar measurements of gravity waves and the theoretical models of wave saturation and dissipation phenomena. The measured vertical wavelengths ranged from 2 to 11.5 km and the measured vertical phase velocities ranged from 10 to 85 cm/s. The vertical wavelengths and vertical phase velocities were used to infer observed wave periods which ranged from 100 to 1000 min and horizontal wavelengths which ranged from 70 to 2000 km. Dominant wave activity was found at vertical wavelengths between 2 to 4 km and 7 to 10 km. No significant seasonal variations were evident in the observed parameters. Vertical and horizontal wavelengths showed a clear tendency to increase with wave periods, which is consistent with recent sodium lidar studies of quasi-monochromatic waves near the mesopause. An average amplitude growth length of 20.9 km for the rms wind perturbations was estimated from the data. Kinetic energy density associated with the waves decreased with height, suggesting that waves in this altitude region were subject to dissipation or saturation effects.

Intrinsic Charge Transport in Organic Field-Effect Transistors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Podzorov, Vitaly

2005-03-01

Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are essential components of modern electronics. Despite the rapid progress of organic electronics, understanding of fundamental aspects of the charge transport in organic devices is still lacking. Recently, the OFETs based on highly ordered organic crystals have been fabricated with innovative techniques that preserve the high quality of single-crystal organic surfaces. This technological progress facilitated the study of transport mechanisms in organic semiconductors [1-4]. It has been demonstrated that the intrinsic polaronic transport, not dominated by disorder, with a remarkably high mobility of ``holes'' μ = 20 cm^2/Vs can be achieved in these devices at room temperature [4]. The signatures of the intrinsic polaronic transport are the anisotropy of the carrier mobility and an increase of μ with cooling. These and other aspects of the charge transport in organic single-crystal FETs will be discussed. Co-authors are Etienne Menard, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign; Valery Kiryukhin, Rutgers University; John Rogers, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign; Michael Gershenson, Rutgers University. [1] V. Podzorov et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 1739 (2003); ibid. 83, 3504 (2003). [2] V. C. Sundar et al., Science 303, 1644 (2004). [3] R. W. I. de Boer et al., Phys. Stat. Sol. (a) 201, 1302 (2004). [4] V. Podzorov et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 086602 (2004).

Study of 11Li+p elastic scattering using BHF formalism with three body force

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sharma, Manjari; Haider, W.

2018-04-01

In the present work we have analyzed the elastic scattering data of 11Li + p at 62, 68.4 and 75 MeV/nucleon, using the microscopic optical potential calculated within the framework of Brueckner-Hartree-Fock formalism (BHF). The calculation uses Argonne v18 and Urbana v14 inter-nucleon potentials and the Urbana IX (UVIX) model of three body force. The required nucleon-density distributions for 11Li are obtained using the semi-phenomenological model for nuclear density distributions. The optical potential has been obtained by folding the g-matrices as calculated in BHF (with and without three body forces) over the nucleon density distributions. We have used the exact method for calculating both the direct and the exchange parts of the spin-orbit potential. Our results reveal that the spin-orbit potential significantly contributes to 11Li+p elastic scattering at all three incident energies. Further, the calculated spin-orbit potential in BHF is much smaller and more diffused as compared with the phenomenological spin-orbit potential. The analysis reveals that the calculated microscopic optical potentials, with and without three body force using BHF approach with phenomenological form of density distribution, provides satisfactory agreement with the elastic scattering data for 11Li+p.

Sharing to Succeed: Lessons from Open Information-sharing Projects in Afghanistan

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-07-01

initiative. rebecca linder Blachly is di- rector of advancement, international Programs, and Studies at the univer- sity of illinois at urbana...learned. July 2013 by Linton Wells II, James Bosworth, John Crowley, and Rebecca Linder Blachly Report Documentation Page Form ApprovedOMB No. 0704-0188...been de - veloping personal relationships early with actors who are www.ndu.edu/inss dh No. 76 5 seen as working in the local community’s best

Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems: Will They Change the Library? Papers Presented at the Annual Clinic on Library Applications of Data Processing (27th, Urbana, Illinois, March 25-27, 1990). Illinois, March 25-27, 1990).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lancaster, F. W., Ed.; Smith, Linda C., Ed.

Some of the 12 conference papers presented in this proceedings focus on the present and potential capabilities of artificial intelligence and expert systems as they relate to a wide range of library applications, including descriptive cataloging, technical services, collection development, subject indexing, reference services, database searching,…

Successes & Failures of Digital Libraries. Papers Presented at the Annual Clinic on Library Applications of Data Processing (35th, Champaign, Illinois, March 22-24, 1998).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harum, Susan, Ed.; Twidale, Michael, Ed.

This clinic's goal was to address questions arising during the process of transition from theory and research development to deployed useful and usable (and used) digital library systems. The idea was to use the Digital Libraries Initiative (DLI) based at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and entering its final year, as a detailed…

Potential Improvements for HEC-HMS Automated Parameter Estimation

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-08-01

and is now a graduate student in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana /Champaign. Daniel...divided into 14 nested subwatersheds with a flow measuring flume constructed at each of the subwatershed outlets. The drainage areas above the...boundaries and stream network, and rain and stream gauge locations are shown in Figure 1. The first HEC-HMS model was applied to the 39.8-acre drainage

Theoretical Studies of High Field, High Energy Transport in Gallium Arsenide, Silicon and Heterostructures,

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-01-01

Springfield Ave. Urbana. IL 61801 11. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS 12. REPORT DATE January 1983 13. NUMBER OF PAGES 163 14. MONITORING AGENCY NAME...AOORESS(II different from Controlling Office) IS. SECURITY CLASS. (of this report) IUnclassified ISa. DECLASSIFICATION OOWNGRADING 16. OIST IUTIO...understood and quantitatively calculated by the same approach: A Monte Carlo simulation inclu g a pseudopotential band structure. The Monte Carlo simulation

Solid State Research, 1975:3

DTIC Science & Technology

1975-08-15

Heckscher T. F. Deutsch H. Kildal D. L. Spears I. Melngailis T. C. Haiman P. L. Kelley R. S. Eng D. L. Spears H. R. Fetterman H. R... Fetterman H. R. Schlossberg* W. E. Barch 1975 International IEEE/APS Symposium and USNC/URSI Meeting, Urbana, Illinois, 4 June 1975 * Author not...ft. Chinn, S. R. Del-eo, ft. E. Deutsch, T. F. Fetterman , II. R. Hancock, R. C. II. Ileckscher, Kildal, II. Larsen, D. M. Mandel, P

Human Aspects of Library Automation: Helping Staff and Patrons Cope. Papers presented at the Annual Clinic on Library Applications of Data Processing (22nd, Urbana, Illinois, April 14-16, 1985).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shaw, Debora, Ed.

This collection explores the human aspect of the automation and reautomation of library functions as both library staff and library users are expected to adapt to and use computers. A brief introduction by Debora Shaw sets the stage for the following papers: (1) "Terminal Paralysis, or Showdown at the Interface" (Sara Fine); (2)…

Proceedings: USA-CERL Technology Transfer (T2) Workshop Held in Urbana, Illinois on December 15-16 1986.

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-03-01

February 1986. Kotler , Philip , Bobby J. Calder, Brian Sternthal, and Alice Tybout. "A Marketing Approach to the Development and Dissemination of...intended to cause a particular acquirer, or class of acquirers, to initiate a transfer. In the business world, this operation is called marketing . The... marketing operation and the transfer operation make up the active mode of technology transfer. When operating in the *active mode, the providing

Toxicologic and Analytical Studies with T-2 and Related Trichothecene Mycotoxins

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-08-20

Diagnostic Lab, Urbana, IL ’ Modulus anesthetic machinf with Vernitrol vaporizer, Ohio Med Prod, Madison , WI Bird Mark 4A ventilator, 3M Corp., Minneapolis...advanced into the lumbar region of the descending’ Aorta via the right femoral artery. These catheters were then heparinized to maintain patency and the...over the caudal lumbar region (Fig. 1). In addition, the limbs are hobbled to decrease their range of nmction and minimize the possibility of injury

Application of Component Scoring to a Complicated Cognitive Domain

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-05-15

Command (N-5) NAS Pensacola, FL 32508 Dr. John M. Eddins S..""*University of IllinoisDr. Hans Crombag 252 Engineering Research University of Leyden ...Laboratory Education Research Center 103 South Mathews Street Boerhaavelaan 2 Urbana, IL 61801 2334 EN Leyden The NETHERLANDS V.- University of Illinois...Naval Air Station Pensacola, FL 32508 Ms. Kathleen Moreno Navy Personnel R&D Center Dr. Gary Marco Code 62 Stop 31-E San Diego, CA 92152 Educational

Deflagration to Shock to Detonation Transition of Energetic Propellants.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-07-01

Champaign Urbana, IL 61801 Prepared for: Air Force Office of Scientific Research Aerospace Sciences Directorate: Bldg. 410 Boiling Air Force Base, DC 20332...Program Manager: Dr. Henry R. Radoski For Research Performed under ()Grant AFOSR 81-0145 During Period I June 1983 through 30 May 1984 AIR ,,1 C~i...ADDRESS 12. REPORT DATE / Air Force Office of Scientific Research/Q July 1984 Building 410; ATTN: Henry R. Radoski 13. NUMBER OF AGES Bolling Air Force

Study of Antenna Radome Problems

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-04-01

115 DISTRIBUTION LIST .... ......................... 117 4 - #iE MU aM . a--. LIST 01 FICURZS Figure Page 1. Antenna A end radoe E...coetficiente at points 1 and 2 (Figure 26a) T -T n1E + (1/0) (5.18) In a sitmitar manner, we can calculate the field on the multiply refracted rays (t. twice...34 Differential geometry for GTD applications," ElectromagneticsLaboratory Report 77-21, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 1977. (lij F. W. Sears, M. W

Symposium on Animal Retroviruses: Abstracts. Held in Denver, Colorado on 10 December 1986

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-12-10

Ogilvie, M. B. Tompkins, W. A. F. Tompkins and S. Daniel, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL. 3:15 Coffee Break 3:45 MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF BOVINE ...secretion, or by altering cell functions through cell surface receptors. MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF BOVINE LEUKEMIA VIRUS. A. Burny, Y. Cleuter, R. Kettmann, M...Mammerickx, G. Marbaix, D. Portetelle, A. Van Den Broeke and L. Willems, University of Brussels, Rhode-Saint-Genese, Belgium. Bovine leukemia virus (BLV

American Military Ethics: Stalwart in a Changing Society

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-05-19

73 Raymond B. Lech , Broken Soldiers (Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 2000), 215. 74 Gaddis, The Landscape of History, 4. 75 Edwards, The...communist 78 Ibid., 167. 79 Ibid., 168. Korea saw ten times the POW deaths then World War II. 80 Lech , Broken Soldiers, 2. 81 John A. Lynn, Battle...1953; April 24, 1953; April 29, 1953; August 10, 1953; August 16, 1953; August 20, 1953. 83 Lech , Broken Soldiers, 298. 84 Richard A. Gabriel, To

Effects of Strong Local Sporadic E on ELF Propagation.

DTIC Science & Technology

1978-08-15

Huygens diffraction model (e.g., Marcuse , 1972). The model is similar to that used by Crombie. Unlike Crombie’s work however , the Fresnel approximation...40. Marcuse , D., “Light transmission optics ,” Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York , 1972. Papper t , R. A. & Moler , W. F., “A theoretica’ study of...ATTN Donald Dubbert O1 CY ATTN Herbert Rend University of IllinoisDepartment of Electrical Engineering Develco Urbana , IL 61803 530 Logue Avenue O2CY

The Bat Tick Carios Azteci (Acari: Argasidae) From Belize, With An Endosymbiotic Coxiellaceae

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-12-01

ADDRESS(ES) USAF School of Aerospace Medicine Aeromedical Research Dept/FHT 2510 Fifth St., Bldg. 840 Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433-7913 8...Durden2, Elizabeth H. Foley3 & Will K. Reeves4 1Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana...the taxonomic level. Further research into the pathogens and diversity of bat parasites and diseases is an open field of research in the tropics. Some

Progress Report for Grant Number W911NF-09-1-0347 (University of Illinois - Urbana)

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-11-06

critical tunneling current is proportional to mexc, we find good agreement with this explanation via the approximate square-root dependence seen in Fig...can occur near the contact, reducing interlayer conductivity significantly. As critical tunneling current is linearly dependent on the width of the...studied the possibility of finding the same type of condensation in a 3D topological insulator, and started our work on a time- dependent theory to

Proceedings of the 1985 Antenna Applications Symposium. Volume 2.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-12-01

in reflector antenna systems. In the first, -. suppression of a high power mobile S-band source was accomplished while maintaining a continuous link...substrates. Ph.D. thesis . University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign. [71 Harrington. R+F. (1961) Tinze-farmo~ntc Electromnagn~etic Fields, McGraw-Hill. New...to be adequate for the 102’ range spacing. From this analysis, and the weight limitation of the mobile tower, a non-backplaned array with non-resonant

Proceedings of the Antenna Applications Symposium Held in Urbana, Illinois on 17-19 September 1986. Volume 1,

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-02-01

apply here. The primary negative effect of the inclusion of test ports into the package is to increase its size and complexity. In summary, the...FORCE SYSTEMS COMMAND APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEMSE DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED .i ROME AIR DEVELOPMENT CENTER Air Force Systems Command Griffiss Air Force...ORGANIZATION b. OPFICE SYMBOL 7&. NAME OP MONITORING OAGANIZATION 10I11110111blep Rome Air Development Center EEMA 4116 A00101163 (City. Sfte *Ad ZIP C4,40

Effects of Surface Structure and of Embedded-Atom Pair Functionals on Adatom Diffusion on FCC Metallic Surfaces

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-11-01

total-energy calculations that this complex mechanism for diffusion can be invoked for surface self-diffusion on the (100) surface ( Kellog and...Woodland Hills, CA 91364 National Science Foundation 3 SRI International ATIN: A.B. Harvey ATIN: G. Smith Washington, DC 20550 D. Crosley D. Golden...Aeronautics and Astronautics ATTN: H. Krier ATfN: J.R. Osborn 144MEB, 1206 W. Green St. Grissom Hall Urbana, IL 61801 West Lafayette, IN 47906 The Johns

La Desercion Escolar en los Niveles de Sexto y Noveno Grado: Una Comparacion Entre Zonas Rurales y Urbanas. Boletin 219 (The Educational Desertion in the 6th and 9th Grades: A Comparison Between Rural and Urban Zones. Bulletin 219).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lopez, Maria I. Hernandez; And Others

In 1962 and again in 1965, a group of sixth and ninth grade students in selected schools in four Puerto Rican communities were interviewed to investigate the factors influencing students' decision to withdraw from school before completing twelfth grade and to identify some characteristics of dropouts. Of 616 students interviewed in 1962, 20.9% of…

Low-Level Convergence and the Prediction of Convective Precipitation in South Florida.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-02-01

Af" -Ao97 55 ILLINOIS STATE WATER SURVEY URBANA F/6 4/2 LOWLEVEL CONVERGENCE AND THE PREDICTION OF CONVECTIVE PRECIPIT-ETC(U) FEB 81 A I WATSON. R L...varying meteorological cond’tions and ti: == UNCLASSIFIED of day. SECURITY CLASSIFICATIOR OF TNIS PAGE (Whven Data Etered) State Water Survey...1981 1: 4. i0 The project "Low-level Convergence and the Prediction of Convective Precipitation" is a coordinated research effort by the State Water

A DoD/DESAT Phase I Final Report,

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-06-30

19-22, 1982 in Albuquerque, New Mexico: 1) Spatially Correlated Redistribution of Mn and Ge in Inl.x Gax As MBE layers, E. Silberg , T.Y. Chang, and...Urbana-Champaign. 2) Spatially correlated redistribution of Mn and Ge in InGaAs MBE layers in conjunction with E. Silberg , T.Y. Chang and E.A. Caridi at...AlGaAs MBE layers. 2) A group headed by Ors. T. Chang and E. Silberg of Bell Laboratories in Holmdel, New Jersey, have been involved in growing Mn and

Progress Report for the Joint Services Electronic Program for the Period April 1, 1989 through March 31, 1990 (Coordinated Science Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign)

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-06-30

since the projected ion range is of the order of lattice constants. Thus, we have extended our thermal-dopant incorporation model and have developed...bombardment results in residual lattice damage, which degrades electrical and optical properties. Obviously, at sufficiently high acceleration energies...understand the details of collisional lattice dynamics and ion-induced defect for- mation and annihilation. In addition, the simulations are providing, for

Environmental Impact Statement. Disposal and Reuse of Chanute Air Force Base, Illinois

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-07-01

lines characteristic of the Midwest . The nearest major urban area is Champaign-Urbana, 15 miles south of Rantoul (see Figure 3.2-1). Village of Rantoul...and 70 tons per day during the summer. Coal Is delivered by truck from southern Indiana . The second heating plant is in Building 998, In the southeast...grasses, trees, and shrubs have been used for landscaping the base. Trees have been planted along streets and walkways as well as in lawns, and shrubs

Effect of Interstitials on the Trapping of Hydrogen in High Purity Iron as Studied by Positron Annihilation and Electron Microscopy.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-03-01

Order Perturbation Theory for Assessment" Authors: James T. hlaber. Asok Ray , A. B. Kunz and R. Weidman Place: Eight Canadian Symposium on Theoreticai...Urbana, I 61801 ASOK K. RAY * and ROBERT WEIDMAN Physics Department, Michigan Technological University Houghton, MI 49931 and JAMES T. WABER Department...PERTURBATION THEORY FOR ASSESSMENT by James T. Waber NorthNestern University, Evanston ZL 60201 Asok Ray University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington TX 76019 A

Symposium on Using Mechanics to Discover New Materials. Annual Technical Meeting of the Society of Engineering Science (45th) held in Urbana-Champaign, Illinois on 12-15 October 2008

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-12-21

celled Nitinol has recently become possiblevia a (newly discovered by Profs. D. Grummon at Michigan State Univ. and J.Shaw at Univ. of Michigan...transient-liquid reactive brazing system for creating robust metallurgical Nitinol Nitinol bonds. With this technique, prototype sparse cellularhoneycomb...Brian.Berg@bsci.com Nitinol has become a frequently used medical implant material despite its notorious complexity; especiallywith respect to fatigue [1

Report of study visits by University of Bristol, UK to University of Illinois in Urbana-Champaign, USA to initiate collaboration and coordination with 2005 MURI MICROVASCULAR AUTONOMIC COMPOSITES

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-02-15

fibre interaction are areas that require further research. Experimental and modelling studies undertaken at UIUC on individual microcapsules have many... Microcapsules : Work at UIUC has shown microcapsules to be a very effective method of self- healing to recover fracture toughness. In particular... microcapsule , cleaving it and initiating the release of monomer. A potential limitation of the microcapsule system is the limited volume of self-healing

Proceedings of the Antenna Applications Symposium (1982) Held at Illinois University at Urbana on 22-24 September 1982

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-01-01

1980 (this conference) attests to method , that in admittedly a phased b array context, and to method being a bit complex. Polarization control...Computation of the phase shift was made by two methods . The first used equations in Marcuvitz 4 for an E-plane waveguide bend, with changes in e i...made by adjustment of the waveguide width. The second method (Bahar-) requi-edi solving the wave equation in cylindrical coordinates. 28 Because the

Adaptive Incentive Controls for Stackelberg Games with Unknown Cost Functionals.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-01-01

APR EZT:: F I AN 73S e OsL:-: UNCLASSI?:-- Q4~.’~- .A.., 6, *~*i i~~*~~*.- U ADAPTIVE INCENTIVE CONTROLS FOR STACKELBERG GAMES WITH UNKNOWN COST...AD-A161 885 ADAPTIVE INCENTIVE CONTROLS FOR STACKELBERG GAMES WITH i/1 UNKNOWN COST FUNCTIONALSCU) ILLINOIS UNIV AT URBANA DECISION AND CONTROL LAB T...ORGANIZATION 6b. OFFICE SYMBOL 7.. NAME OF MONITORING ORGANIZATION CoriaeLcenef~pda~ Joint Services Electronics Program Laboratory, Univ. of Illinois N/A

Ten Years toward Equity: Preliminary Results from a Follow-Up Case Study of Academic Computing Culture

PubMed Central

Crenshaw, Tanya L.; Chambers, Erin W.; Heeren, Cinda; Metcalf, Heather E.

2017-01-01

Just over 10 years ago, we conducted a culture study of the Computer Science Department at the flagship University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, one of the top five computing departments in the country. The study found that while the department placed an emphasis on research, it did so in a way that, in conjunction with a lack of communication and transparency, devalued teaching and mentoring, and negatively impacted the professional development, education, and sense of belonging of the students. As one part of a multi-phase case study spanning over a decade, this manuscript presents preliminary findings from our latest work at the university. We detail early comparisons between data gathered at the Department of Computer Science at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 2005 and our most recent pilot case study, a follow-up research project completed in 2016. Though we have not yet completed the full data collection, we find it worthwhile to reflect on the pilot case study data we have collected thus far. Our data reveals improvements in the perceptions of undergraduate teaching quality and undergraduate peer mentoring networks. However, we also found evidence of continuing feelings of isolation, incidents of bias, policy opacity, and uneven policy implementation that are areas of concern, particularly with respect to historically underrepresented groups. We discuss these preliminary follow-up findings, offer research and methodological reflections, and share next steps for applied research that aims to create positive cultural change in computing. PMID:28579969

Men's health: non-communicable chronic diseases and social vulnerability.

PubMed

Bidinotto, Daniele Natália Pacharone Bertolini; Simonetti, Janete Pessuto; Bocchi, Silvia Cristina Mangini

2016-08-15

to evaluate the relationship between absences in scheduled appointments and the number of non-communicable chronic diseases and to investigate the relationship between spatial distribution of these diseases and social vulnerability, using geoprocessing. a quantitative study of sequential mixed approach by analyzing 158 medical records of male users to relate the absences and 1250 medical records for geoprocessing. the higher the number of absences in the scheduled medical appointments, the less were the number of non-communicable chronic diseases and the ones listed in the International Classification of Diseases in single men. There were 21 significant geostatistically cases of glucose intolerance in the urban area. Of these, 62% lived in a region with a social vulnerability rating of Very Low, Medium 19%, 14% Low and 5% High. it was observed that the older the men, the greater is the number of chronic diseases and the less they miss scheduled appointments. Regarding the use of geoprocessing, we obtained a significant number of cases of glucose intolerance in urban areas, the majority classified as Very Low social vulnerability. It was possible to relate the spatial distribution of these diseases with the social vulnerability classification; however, it was not possible to perceive a relationship of them with the higher rates of social vulnerability. avaliar a relação entre as faltas em consultas agendadas e o número de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis e averiguar a relação entre distribuição espacial dessas doenças e vulnerabilidade social, utilizando-se o geoprocessamento. estudo quantitativo, de abordagem mista sequencial, sendo analisados 158 prontuários de usuários do sexo masculino para se relacionar as faltas e 1250 prontuários para o geoprocessamento. quanto maior o número de faltas nas consultas médicas agendadas, menores foram a quantidade de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis e as listadas na Classificação Internacional de Doenças em homens solteiros. Obtiveram-se 21 casos geoestatisticamente significantes de intolerância à glicose na zona urbana. Desses, 62% moravam em região com a classificação de vulnerabilidade social Muito Baixa, 19% Média, 14% Baixa e 5% Alta. observou-se que quanto mais velhos os homens, maior é o número de doenças crônicas instaladas e menos eles faltam em consultas agendadas. Quanto ao uso do geoprocessamento, obteve-se número de casos significantes de intolerância à glicose na zona urbana, sendo a maioria classificada como vulnerabilidade social Muito Baixa. Pôde-se relacionar a distribuição espacial dessas doenças com a classificação de vulnerabilidade social, porém, não foi possível perceber uma relação delas com índices mais elevados de vulnerabilidade social. evaluar la relación entre las faltas en las citas programadas y el número de enfermedades crónicas y para investigar la relación entre la distribución espacial de estas enfermedades y la vulnerabilidad social, utilizando geoprocesamiento. estudio cuantitativo de enfoque mixto secuencial y siendo analizadas 158 historias clínicas de los usuarios masculinos para relacionar las faltas y 1250 registros de geoprocesamiento. cuanto mayor eran el número de ausencias en las citas médicas programadas, menores fueron el número, para los hombres solteiros, de enfermedades crónicas y de las incluídas en la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades. Se obtuvieron 21 casos de intolerancia a la glucosa geoestadísticamente significativos en el área urbana. De éstos, el 62% viven en una región con calificación de vulnerabilidad social muy baja 19%, media, 14% baja y 5% Alta. se observó que cuanta mayor la edad de los hombres, mayor es el número de enfermedades crónicas instaladas y menos faltas en las citas programadas. Respecto al uso de geoprocesamiento, obtuvimos número significativo de casos de intolerancia a la glucosa en las zonas urbanas, la mayoría clasificada como vulnerabilidad social Muy baja. Se podría relacionarse la distribución espacial de estas enfermedades con la clasificación de la vulnerabilidad social, sin embargo, no fue posible ver una relación de esto con mayores tasas de vulnerabilidad social.

Analyzing Infrequent Events: Once You Find Them Your Troubles Begin.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-04-01

e €ical kepmt. 80-3 /J,, p r - ...... Running Head: Analyzing Infrequent Events -_ Prepared with the support of the Organizatio-Effec-Uanasa Research...of post hoc groups defines after the occurrences of the event - , 1473 ,FI ,, o , ov 5 IS 0:, l.FTr , • . IS i N , { I , ; 0 1 4 - 0& E ct U m I r Y...AA8 048 ILLINOIS WdIV AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN DEPT OP PSYCHOLOGY F/B 5/10 ANALYZING INFREQUENT EVENTS: ONCE YOU FIND THEN YOUR TROUBLES B-ETC(U) APR 80 C

A preprocessor for the Urbana coherent-scatter radar

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zendt, F. T.; Bowhill, S. A.

1982-01-01

The design, interfacing, testing, and operation of a preprocessor to increase the altitude and temporal resolution of the present coherent-scatter system are described. This system upgrade requires an increase in the data collection rate. Replacing the present, relatively slow, ADC with two high speed ADCs achieves the increased echo sampling rate desired. To stay within the capabilities of the main computer's I/O and processing rate the data must be reduced before transfer to the main computer. Thus the preprocessor also coherently integrates the data before transfer.

National Security Challenges: Insights from Social, Neurobiological, and Complexity Sciences. Topical Strategic Multi-Layer Assessment (SMA) and U.S. Army ERDC Multi-Agency/Multi-Disciplinary White Papers in Support of National Security Challenges

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-07-01

population. The amount of information on Facebook doubles every 6 months. This under- scores the nation’s need to understand what is happening on a ...QL—Russia: Emerging Insight Into Muslim Populations (October 2011) • QL— A Trend Toward Increased Information Communication Technol- ogy (ICT...Hendrix ( College of William & Mary), Mr. Eric A . Knudson (PACOM), Mr. Joseph T. Lee (PACOM), Mr. Kalev Leetaru (University of Illinois at Urbana), Lt

The proposed flatland radar

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Green, J. L.; Gage, K. S.; Vanzandt, T. E.; Nastrom, G. D.

1986-01-01

A flexible very high frequency (VHF) stratosphere-troposphere (ST) radar configured for meteorological research is to be constructed near Urbana, Illinois. Measurement of small vertical velocities associated with synoptic-scale meteorology can be performed. A large Doppler microwave radar (CHILL) is located a few km from the site of the proposed ST radar. Since the microwave radar can measure the location and velocity of hydrometeors and the VHF ST radar can measure clear (or cloudy) air velocities, simultaneous observations by these two radars of stratiform or convective weather systems would provide valuable meteorological information.

Acute Respiratory Tract Toxicity of the Trichothecene Mycotoxin, T-2 Toxin.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-03-31

to 10-week-old, castrated , e male, cross-bred, specific pathogen-free pigs were exposed to an aerosol of T-2 toxin for 45 to 61 minutes with 8 mg of... castrated , crossbred, specific pathogen-free swine to aerosols of T-2 toxin for 42 to 65 minutes with 9 mg of the toxin nebulized per kilogram of body... cattle , Ph.D. Thesis, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 1983. 28. Lorenzana, R.M., Beasley, V.R., Buck, W.B., Ghent, A.W., Lundeen, G.R., and

Joint Services Electronics Program for the Period 1 April 1990 Through 31 March 1991, (Coordinated Science Laboratory, University Illinois at Urbana-Champaign)

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-06-30

AND TITLES: 0. Arikan , Research Assistant I W. Chuang, Research Assistant A. Krone, Research Assistant M, Leung, Research Assistant I Y. Liu, Research...P. Willis and Y. Bresler, "Norm invariance of minimax-optimal interpolation," submitted to3 IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory. (JSEP/NSF) [5] 0. Arikan and...imaging of time varying distributions," in Proc. Int. Syrup. Circuits and Syst., Singapore, Jun. 1991 (to appear). (JSEP/NSF) [101 0. Arikan and 1). C

Proceedings of the Antenna Applications Symposium Held in Urbana-Champaign, Illinois on September 23, 24, 25, 1981

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-09-01

reflectivity near 9.0 GHz and relative transparency above 10.5 GHz and below 7.5 GHz. The frequency-selective response of the FSS, as tested in the...FREQUENCY (GHz) Figure 6. Frequency Selective Responses of FSS U.~I noU 0 .jj 7 41 IN J43 cH-’ AI 𔃽 4c!,) ---------- -- ,-7 -7 2Z~Zf -~44 -- t 4qpi V...assumes no responsibility for the information presented." -2- quiescent (before adaption) radiation pattern of the adaptive antenna affects the initial

The Urbana coherent-scatter radar: Synthesis and first results

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gibbs, K. P.; Bowhill, S. A.

1979-01-01

A coherent scatter radar system was synthesized and several hundred hours of echo power and line of sight velocity data obtained. The coherent scatter radar utilizes a diode array and components from meteor radar. The receiving system permits a time resolution of one minute in the data. Echo power from the D region shows a high degree of variability from day to day. Examples of changes in power level at shorter time scales are observed. Velocity data show the existence of gravity waves and occasionally exhibit vertical standing wave characteristics.

Capacitacion de educadores para areas marginales--I: Caracteristicas y necesidades educativas de los ninos, jovenes y adultos en las poblaciones menos favorecidas, rurales y urbanas. Tercera edicion (Preparation of Educators for Marginal Areas--I: Educational Needs and Characteristics of Children, Youth and Adults in Disadvantaged Populations, Rural and Urban. Third Edition).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tedesco, Juan Carlos

Forty percent of the families in Latin America have an income which does not provide essential necessities. Two-thirds of poor families live in the countryside, while the remainder reside in urban slums. The key variable in explaining poverty is education. Without education these families have irregular, unstable, and low paying employment…

Feed system design and experimental results in the uhf model study for the proposed Urbana phased array

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Loane, J. T.; Bowhill, S. A.; Mayes, P. E.

1982-01-01

The effects of atmospheric turbulence and the basis for the coherent scatter radar techniques are discussed. The reasons are given for upgrading the Radar system to a larger steerable array. Phase array theory pertinent to the system design is reviewed, along with approximations for maximum directive gain and blind angles due to mutual coupling. The methods and construction techniques employed in the UHF model study are explained. The antenna range is described, with a block diagram for the mode of operation used.

Determination of base-flow characteristics at selected streamflow-gaging stations on the Mad River, Ohio

USGS Publications Warehouse

Koltun, G.F.

1995-01-01

This report describes the results of a study to estimate characteristics of base flow and sustained ground-water discharge at five streamflow-gaging stations on the Mad River in Ohio. The five streamflow-gaging stations are located at Zanesfield, near Urbana, at St. Paris Pike (at Eagle City), near Springfield, and near Dayton. The median of the annual-mean base flows, determined by means of hydrograph separation, ranged from 0.64 (ft3/s)/mi2 (cubic feet per second per square mile) at Zanesfield to 0.74 (ft3/s)/mi2 at St. Paris Pike. The median percentage of annual total streamflow attributed to base flow ranged from 61.8 percent at Zanesfield to 76.1 percent near Urbana. Estimates of an upper limit (or threshold) at which base flows can be considered to be composed predominately of sustained ground-water discharge were made by constructing and analyzing base- flow-duration curves. The sustained ground-water discharges (base flows less than or equal to the estimated sustained ground-water-discharge thresholds) are assumed to originate from ground-water- flow systems that are minimally affected by seasonal climatic changes. The median sustained ground- water discharge ranged from 0.11 (ft3/s)/mi2 at Zanesfield to 0.26 (ft3/s)/mi2 at St. Paris Pike (at Eagle City) and near Springfield. The median sustained ground-water discharge, expressed as a percentage of the median annual-mean base flow, ranged from 17.2 percent at Zanesfield to 38.6 percent near Springfield.

TopoLens: Building a cyberGIS community data service for enhancing the usability of high-resolution National Topographic datasets

USGS Publications Warehouse

Hu, Hao; Hong, Xingchen; Terstriep, Jeff; Liu, Yan; Finn, Michael P.; Rush, Johnathan; Wendel, Jeffrey; Wang, Shaowen

2016-01-01

Geospatial data, often embedded with geographic references, are important to many application and science domains, and represent a major type of big data. The increased volume and diversity of geospatial data have caused serious usability issues for researchers in various scientific domains, which call for innovative cyberGIS solutions. To address these issues, this paper describes a cyberGIS community data service framework to facilitate geospatial big data access, processing, and sharing based on a hybrid supercomputer architecture. Through the collaboration between the CyberGIS Center at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), a community data service for accessing, customizing, and sharing digital elevation model (DEM) and its derived datasets from the 10-meter national elevation dataset, namely TopoLens, is created to demonstrate the workflow integration of geospatial big data sources, computation, analysis needed for customizing the original dataset for end user needs, and a friendly online user environment. TopoLens provides online access to precomputed and on-demand computed high-resolution elevation data by exploiting the ROGER supercomputer. The usability of this prototype service has been acknowledged in community evaluation.

Measurement of solids motion in gas-fluidized beds. Technical progress report, 1 October 1982-31 December 1982

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chen, M.M.; Chao, B.T.

This technical progress report covers the progress made during the fifth quarter of the project entitled Measurements of Solids Motion in Gas Fluidized Beds under Grant No. DOE-F22-81PC40804 during the period 1 October through 31 December 1982. The research concerns the measurement of solids particle velocity distribution and residence time distribution using the Computer-Aided Particle Tracking Facility (CAPTF) at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. The experimental equipment and measuring methods used to determine particle size distribution and particle motion and the results obtained are presented.

Perturbation theory of nuclear matter with a microscopic effective interaction

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Benhar, Omar; Lovato, Alessandro

Here, an updated and improved version of the effective interaction based on the Argonne-Urbana nuclear Hamiltonian, derived using the formalism of correlated basis functions and the cluster expansion technique, is employed to obtain a number of properties of cold nuclear matter at arbitrary neutron excess within the formalism of many-body perturbation theory. The numerical results, including the ground-state energy per nucleon, the symmetry energy, the pressure, the compressibility, and the single-particle spectrum, are discussed in the context of the available empirical information, obtained from measured nuclear properties and heavy-ion collisions.

Perturbation theory of nuclear matter with a microscopic effective interaction

DOE PAGES

Benhar, Omar; Lovato, Alessandro

2017-11-01

Here, an updated and improved version of the effective interaction based on the Argonne-Urbana nuclear Hamiltonian, derived using the formalism of correlated basis functions and the cluster expansion technique, is employed to obtain a number of properties of cold nuclear matter at arbitrary neutron excess within the formalism of many-body perturbation theory. The numerical results, including the ground-state energy per nucleon, the symmetry energy, the pressure, the compressibility, and the single-particle spectrum, are discussed in the context of the available empirical information, obtained from measured nuclear properties and heavy-ion collisions.

Assessing composition and structure of soft biphasic media from Kelvin-Voigt fractional derivative model parameters

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Hongmei; Wang, Yue; Fatemi, Mostafa; Insana, Michael F.

2017-03-01

Kelvin-Voigt fractional derivative (KVFD) model parameters have been used to describe viscoelastic properties of soft tissues. However, translating model parameters into a concise set of intrinsic mechanical properties related to tissue composition and structure remains challenging. This paper begins by exploring these relationships using a biphasic emulsion materials with known composition. Mechanical properties are measured by analyzing data from two indentation techniques—ramp-stress relaxation and load-unload hysteresis tests. Material composition is predictably correlated with viscoelastic model parameters. Model parameters estimated from the tests reveal that elastic modulus E 0 closely approximates the shear modulus for pure gelatin. Fractional-order parameter α and time constant τ vary monotonically with the volume fraction of the material’s fluid component. α characterizes medium fluidity and the rate of energy dissipation, and τ is a viscous time constant. Numerical simulations suggest that the viscous coefficient η is proportional to the energy lost during quasi-static force-displacement cycles, E A . The slope of E A versus η is determined by α and the applied indentation ramp time T r. Experimental measurements from phantom and ex vivo liver data show close agreement with theoretical predictions of the η -{{E}A} relation. The relative error is less than 20% for emulsions 22% for liver. We find that KVFD model parameters form a concise features space for biphasic medium characterization that described time-varying mechanical properties. The experimental work was carried out at the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. Methodological development, including numerical simulation and all data analysis, were carried out at the school of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an JiaoTong University, 710049, China.

Evaluation of multidimensional transport through a field-scale compacted soil liner

USGS Publications Warehouse

Willingham, T.W.; Werth, C.J.; Valocchi, A.J.; Krapac, I.G.; Toupiol, C.; Stark, T.D.; Daniel, D.E.

2004-01-01

A field-scale compacted soil liner was constructed at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and Illinois State Geological Survey in 1988 to investigate chemical transport rates through low permeability compacted clay liners (CCLs). Four tracers (bromide and three benzoic acid tracers) were each added to one of four large ring infiltrometers (LRIs) while tritium was added to the pond water (excluding the infiltrometers). Results from the long-term transport of Br- from the localized source zone of LRI are presented in this paper. Core samples were taken radially outward from the center of the Br- LRI and concentration depth profiles were obtained. Transport properties were evaluated using an axially symmetric transport model. Results indicate that (1) transport was diffusion controlled; (2) transport due to advection was negligible and well within the regulatory limits of ksat???1 ?? 10-7 cm/s; (3) diffusion rates in the horizontal and vertical directions were the same; and (4) small positioning errors due to compression during soil sampling did not affect the best fit advection and diffusion values. The best-fit diffusion coefficient for bromide was equal to the molecular diffusion coefficient multiplied by a tortuosity factor of 0.27, which is within 8% of the tortuosity factor (0.25) found in a related study where tritium transport through the same liner was evaluated. This suggests that the governing mechanisms for the transport of tritium and bromide through the CCL were similar. These results are significant because they address transport through a composite liner from a localized source zone which occurs when defects or punctures in the geomembrane of a composite system are present. ?? ASCE.

New Editors Appointed for Water Resources Research

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

2009-03-01

Praveen Kumar (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign), the newly appointed editor in chief of Water Resources Research (WRR), heads the new team of editors for the journal. The other editors are Tom Torgersen (University of Connecticut, Groton), who continues his editorship; Tissa Illangasekare (Colorado School of Mines, Golden); Graham Sander (Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK); and John Selker (Oregon State University, Corvallis). Hoshin Gupta (University of Arizona, Tucson) will join WRR at the end of 2009. The new editors will begin receiving submissions immediately. The incoming editorial board thanks outgoing editors Marc Parlange, Brian Berkowitz, Amilcare Porporato, and Scott Tyler, all of whom will assist during the transition.

Nonuniform Grain Boundary Corrosion and the Local Electrode Potential in Crevicing. Types and Models of Precipitation Induced Nonuniform Grain Boundary Corrosion. Investigation of Sensitization and Grain Boundary Corrosion in Ferritic Stainless Steel. The Local Electrode Potential in Cavities, Crevices and Cracks and Its Role in Causing Degradation of Structural Materials.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-02-01

J.R. Pickens Dept. of Metallurgy & Mining Eng. Martin Marietta Laboratories % University of Illinois 1450 South Rolling Rd. Urbana, EIl 61801...AND MINERAL DEPARTMENT OF MATERIALS SCIENCE SCIENCES METALLURGY PROGRAM 00 00 TECHNICAL REPORT February 1987 OFFICE OF NAVAL RESEARCH IContract No...725 % ~ ~ ’. -~ ~AS~~jX.%......... !1CUlnITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (When n#e& Entered) REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE READ INSTRUCTIONS

An accelerated forth data-acquisition system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bowhill, S. A.; Rennier, A. D.

1986-01-01

A new data acquisition system was put into operation at Urbana in August 1984. It uses a standard Apple 2 microcomputer with 48 k RAM and a standard 5 1/4 inch floppy disk. Design criteria for the system is given. The system was implemented using fig-FORTH, a threaded interpretive language which permits easy interfacing to machine code. The throughput of this system is better by a factor of 6 than the PDP-15 minicomputer system previously used, and it has the real time display feature and provides the data in much more convenient form. The features which contribute to this improved performance is listed.

Proceedings of the Antenna Applications Symposium Held at Urbana, Illinois on 19-21 September 1984. Volume 2

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-01-01

lbs. at STA 117. Rlando Vibration MIL-STD-1SOC. Method. 514.2, 20-2w000 z at Wo a .04S2/Rz, I bour each axis. lhock NIL4- TD -8IOC, Method 516.2...day-. FULL FAR FIELD O-NE CUT INFAR FIELD 0 NBS BENCHMARK TIME 1000sm 0 TD 13ENCHMARK TIME __ 1 hou .j SPHERICAL OR PLANE, POLAR 1000 sec 20 60 100...for the coupling: bBd h ’(kd)IO d> 6 + (4) "-.(4) a2 nnedd an 32 1), i) fljfi f*f P(cose) si d do (5) 630 The spherical Hankel function of the first

NASA/USRA University advanced design program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lembeck, Michael F.; Prussing, John

1989-01-01

The participation of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in the NASA/USRA University Advanced Design Program for the 1988 to 1989 academic year is reviewed. The University's design project was the Logistics Resupply and Emergency Crew Return System for Space Station Freedom. Sixty-one students divided into eight groups, participated in the spring 1989 semester. A presentation prepared by three students and a graduate teaching assistant for the program's summer conference summarized the project results. Teamed with the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), the University received support in the form of remote telecon lectures, reference material, and previously acquired applications software. In addition, a graduate teaching assistant was awarded a summer 1989 internship at MSFC.

Inertial-Electrostatic Confinement (IEC) Fusion for Space Propulsion

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nadler, Jon

1999-01-01

An Inertial-Electrostatic Confinement (IEC) device was assembled at the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) Propulsion Research Center (PRC) to study the possibility of using EEC technology for deep space propulsion and power. Inertial-Electrostatic Confinement is capable of containing a nuclear fusion plasma in a series of virtual potential wells. These wells would substantially increase plasma confinement, possibly leading towards a high-gain, breakthrough fusion device. A one-foot in diameter IEC vessel was borrowed from the Fusion Studies Laboratory at the University of Illinois@Urbana-Champaign for the summer. This device was used in initial parameterization studies in order to design a larger, actively cooled device for permanent use at the PRC.

Inertial-Electrostatic Confinement (IEC) Fusion For Space Propulsion

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nadler, Jon

1999-01-01

An Inertial-Electrostatic Confinement (IEC) device was assembled at the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) Propulsion Research Center (PRC) to study the possibility of using IEC technology for deep space propulsion and power. Inertial-Electrostatic Confinement is capable of containing a nuclear fusion plasma in a series of virtual potential wells. These wells would substantially increase plasma confinement, possibly leading towards a high-gain, breakthrough fusion device. A one-foot in diameter IEC vessel was borrowed from the Fusion Studies Laboratory at the University of Illinois @ Urbana-Champaign for the summer. This device was used in initial parameterization studies in order to design a larger, actively cooled device for permanent use at the PRC.

Urban hydrology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

The Third International Conference on Urban Storm Drainage will be held in Goteborg, Sweden, June 4-8, 1984. Contact A. Sjoborg, Chalmers Univ. of Technology, Goteborg, Sweden, for more information. The Fourth Conference will be in late August 1987 in Lausanne, Switzerland, and the Fifth Conference is planned for Tokyo in 1990. The proceedings of the First International Conference, held in Southampton, England, in April 1978, are available from Wiley-Interscience under the title “Urban Storm Drainage.”The proceedings of the Second International Conference, held in Urbana, Illinois, in June 1981, are available from Water Resources Publications, Littleton, Colo., under the title, “Urban Stormwater Hydraulics and Hydrology” and “Urban Stormwater Quality, Management, and Planning.”

Photonuclear sum rules and the tetrahedral configuration of He4

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gazit, Doron; Barnea, Nir; Bacca, Sonia; Leidemann, Winfried; Orlandini, Giuseppina

2006-12-01

Three well-known photonuclear sum rules (SR), i.e., the Thomas-Reiche-Kuhn, the bremsstrahlungs and the polarizability SR are calculated for He4 with the realistic nucleon-nucleon potential Argonne V18 and the three-nucleon force Urbana IX. The relation between these sum rules and the corresponding energy weighted integrals of the cross section is discussed. Two additional equivalences for the bremsstrahlungs SR are given, which connect it to the proton-neutron and neutron-neutron distances. Using them, together with our result for the bremsstrahlungs SR, we find a deviation from the tetrahedral symmetry of the spatial configuration of He4. The possibility to access this deviation experimentally is discussed.

A model teacher education program in health occupations at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA.

PubMed

Vittetoe, M C

1977-01-01

The Health Occupations Teacher Education Program at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, U.S.A. has been shown to be a viable and productive model for the preparation of health occupations teacher for both traditional and non-traditional educational settings. Since 1971 the undergraduate program has grown from twelve students to 30 students on-campus, with more than two hundred students in the extramural and part-time programs. Recruitment has been accomplished through professional association meetings, journals and personal contacts. More recently, persons have heard of the program through extramural classes and from students, graduates or University personnel who have become familiar with the program. Program development has been effected through the "capstone" concept, which allows for transfer of technical credit in one's specialty, capped by teacher education courses and concentrated courses to enhance one's expertise in the teaching role. Courses developed by the HOTEP faculty are based on perceived student needs, and were designed as both integrative and collaborative courses to be taken with other health care practitioners and teachers. Evaluation procedures have shown the health occupations teacher education program to be effective in preparing graduates for their predicted roles. The numbers of new students, kinds of health practitioners, and numbers of graduates have increased steadily. Implementation of courses into the Health Occupations Teacher Education Program curriculum has been gradual, so that the undergraduate core of courses is now considered to be nearly complete. Much curriculum planning has already been completed on the master's program, from which some students have already graduated. A doctoral program is also open to those ready for this level of preparation. More time and effort needs to be and will be expended on courses for the master's and doctoral level programs being developed. This health occupations teacher education has been a transportable model for similar programs begun at several other U.S. universities. Many requests have been received from health occupations teacher educators from other states wishing information on this program. Experience gained in this program shows that there is a need for more health occupations teachers in the State of Illinois (2). More requests are being received both at the program and individual levels. Graduates of the program have attested to the benefits of a multidisciplinary program in its effectiveness for preparation in the health care team concept. Student teaching, according to present students and graduates, is the single most effective experience in preparation for the future teaching setting. Since students are placed in a facility resembling as closely as possible the one in which they expect to be employed, there is a real identification with the school and students. The uniqueness of this program lies in its mix of students from the various health fields...

Urban Policies and Earthquake Risk Mitigation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sarlo, Antonella

2008-07-01

The paper aims at proposing some considerations about some recent experiences of research carried out on the theme of earthquake risk mitigation and combining policies and actions of mitigation with urban development strategies. The objective was to go beyond the classical methodological approach aiming at defining a "technical" evaluation of the earthquake risk through a procedure which can correlate the three "components" of danger, exposure and vulnerability. These researches experiment, in terms of methodology and application, with a new category of interpretation and strategy: the so-called Struttura Urbana Minima (Minimum urban structure). Actually, the introduction of the Struttura Urbana Minima establishes a different approach towards the theme of safety in the field of earthquake risk, since it leads to a wider viewpoint, combining the building aspect of the issue with the purely urban one, involving not only town planning, but also social and managerial implications. In this sense the constituent logic of these researches is strengthened by two fundamental issues: - The social awareness of earthquake; - The inclusion of mitigation policies in the ordinary strategies for town and territory management. Three main aspects of the first point, that is of the "social awareness of earthquake", characterize this issue and demand to be considered within a prevention policy: - The central role of the risk as a social production, - The central role of the local community consent, - The central role of the local community capability to plan Therefore, consent, considered not only as acceptance, but above all as participation in the elaboration and implementation of choices, plays a crucial role in the wider issue of prevention policies. As far as the second point is concerned, the inclusion of preventive mitigation policies in ordinary strategies for the town and territory management demands the identification of criteria of choice and priorities of intervention and, as a consequence, the opportunity to promote an approach to the theme of mitigation policies realized through strategic principles and systemic logics able to shift the problem from the building to the town. The critical aspects of this theme are tied to three main issues: - The sharing of the way of interpreting town planning, - The integration of multiple objectives in one intervention tool, - The measures which can be adopted for an effective prevention policy. The above-mentioned elements have inspired these researches experimented on Calabrian towns. In particular, in this paper the experience carried out on Reggio Calabria is proposed. Its cultural roots derive from the principles and criteria experimented in small Calabrian towns, but it modifies them according to the complexity of the urban settlement, introducing also some experimental concepts and methodological approaches.

Historical anthropogenic and biofuel burning emissions of carbon monoxide, 1850-2000

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, L.; Zarzycki, C. M.; Winijkul, E.; Bond, T. C.

2011-12-01

Liang Liu, Colin Zarzycki, Ekbordin Winijkul, Tami C. Bond Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA Carbon monoxide (CO) plays an important role in atmospheric chemistry by acting as the primary sink of the most important atmospheric oxidizer, hydroxyl radicals (OH), and participating in the cycle of tropospheric ozone. CO can also provide constraints on model prediction of black carbon (BC) and vice versa due to their common sources of incomplete combustion. A well developed historical emission inventory of CO would serve the purpose of various global atmospheric models over the historical record. Only a few attempts have been made to represent the time dependence of CO emissions. In this study, we present the first technology based global historical trend of anthropogenic and biofuel emissions of CO from 1850 to 2000. The essential components of a bottom-up emission inventory are technology divisions, fuel consumptions for each technology, and emission factors for each combination of fuel and technology. Previous research done by Bond et al., [2007] has provided this study with technology breakdowns for different combinations of fuel and usage and the time trends of fuel-use for each specific technology in activities that contribute to BC emissions. This work reconstructs the fuel-use trend of the brick and cement industries which were not included in the historical BC emission inventory but play an important role in CO emission. Emission factors are developed for past and present CO emitters. Fuel consumption and emission factors are then combined to estimate global CO emissions at the country level. Uncertainty analysis in activity data, technology splits, and emission factors are performed. The developed historical CO emission trend is compared with the historical BC emission trend to provide more insight into the relationship of the two pollutants.

Implication of climate change on urban drainage systems of Chicago and Mainstream and DesPlaines (MS/DP) Tunnel and Reservoir Plan (TARP)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Luo, H.; Schmidt, A.; Garcia, M. H.; Oberg, N.

2016-12-01

The impact of changing climate patterns and rainfall extremes on sewer system and river basin has been brought to attention to the researchers worldwide. In 1972, the Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago (MWRDGC) adopted the Tunnel and Reservoir Plan (TARP) to address combined sewer overflow (CSO) pollution and flooding problems in the Chicago land area. The hydrosystem laboratory in University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign developed a series of numerical models accordingly to analyze the complex hydraulic behavior of the as-built TARP system. Due to the interconnected nature of City of Chicago sewer network and MS/DP TARP system, a tightly coupled hydrological and hydraulic model MetroFlow was developed to facilitate such analysis by integrating previous developed models. This study utilized MetroFlow to predict the hydrologic/hydraulic response of the system for a set of pre-determined design and historical storm events. Accordingly, combined sewer overflows (CSO) of Chicago combined sewer system and MS/DP TARP system were evaluated under current and future weather scenarios. The total CSOs from TARP system can be considered as urban point pollution source to the surrounding receiving bodies, hence the potential impact of climate change on CSO fluxes is essential reference to wastewater infrastructure design and operations of the hydraulic regulating structures under storm events to mitigate predicted risks.

Advanced engineering design program at the University of Illinois for the 1987-1988 academic year

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sivier, Kenneth R.; Lembeck, Michael F.

1988-01-01

The participation of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in the NASA/USRA Universities Advanced Engineering Design Program (Space) is reviewed for the 1987 to 88 academic year. The University's design project was the Manned Marsplane and Delivery System. In the spring of 1988 semester, 107 students were enrolled in the Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering Departments' undergraduate Aerospace Vehicle Design course. These students were divided into an aircraft section (responsible for the Marsplane design), and a spacecraft section (responsible for the Delivery System Design). The design results are presented in Final Design Reports, copies of which are attached. In addition, five students presented a summary of the design results at the Program's Summer Conference.

Urban versus rural lifestyle in adolescents: associations between environment, physical activity levels and sedentary behavior.

PubMed

Regis, Manuela Ferreira; Oliveira, Luciano Machado Ferreira Tenório de; Santos, Ana Raquel Mendes Dos; Leonidio, Ameliane da Conceição Reubens; Diniz, Paula Rejane Beserra; Freitas, Clara Maria Silvestre Monteiro de

2016-01-01

To analyze the levels of physical activity and sedentary behavior in adolescents living in urban and rural areas. An epidemiological, cross-section study with quantitative design, carried out at the regional level. The sample comprised 6,234 students aged 14 to 19 years, selected using random cluster sampling. The χ2 test and binary logistic regression were used in the analysis. A total of 74.5% of adolescents lived in urban areas. After adjustment, rural residents spent less time watching television (odds ratio - OR: 0.45; 95% confidence interval - 95%CI: 0.39-0.52), using a computer and/or playing video games (OR: 0.30; 95%CI: 0.22-0.42), or sitting down (OR: 0.66; 95%CI: 0.54-0.80); chose passive leisure less often (OR: 0.83; 95%IC: 0.72-0.95) and were less likely to be classified as insufficiently active (OR: 0.88; 95%IC: 0.78-0.99) when compared to urban residents, regardless of sex or age. The fact that adolescents living in rural areas who did not work were more likely to be classified as insufficiently active (OR: 2.59; 95%CI: 2.07-3.24) emphasized the significant role of occupation in physical activity levels in this group. Adolescents living in rural areas were less exposed to the sedentary behaviors, chose more active leisure, and had higher levels of physical activity. Place of residence and occupation may play a major role in youth lifestyle. Analisar os níveis de atividade física e o comportamento sedentário em adolescentes das áreas urbanas e rurais. Estudo epidemiológico, transversal, com abordagem quantitativa e abrangência estadual, cuja amostra foi constituída por 6.234 estudantes (14 a 19 anos), selecionados por meio de uma estratégia de amostragem aleatória de conglomerados. As análises foram realizadas por meio do teste χ2 e da regressão logística binária. Na amostra, 74,5% dos adolescentes eram residentes em área urbana. Após o ajuste, constatou-se que os adolescentes oriundos da área rural usavam menos televisão (odds ratio - OR: 0,45; intervalo de confiança de 95% - IC95%: 0,39-0,52), computador e/ou videogame (OR: 0,30; IC95%: 0,22-0,42), passavam menos tempo sentados (OR: 0,66; IC95%: 0,54-0,80), optaram menos pelo lazer passivo (OR: 0,83; IC95%: 0,72-0,95) e tinham menos chances de serem classificados como insuficientes ativos (OR: 0,88; IC95%: 0,78-0,99), quando comparados àqueles que residiam na área urbana, independentemente do sexo e da idade. Os adolescentes da área rural que não trabalhavam apresentaram mais chances de serem classificados como insuficientemente ativos (OR: 2,59; IC95%: 2,07-3,24), mostrando que a ocupação tinha um papel importante no nível de atividade física deste grupo. Os adolescentes residentes na área rural estiveram menos expostos aos comportamentos sedentários, optaram mais por um lazer ativo e apresentaram um melhor nível de atividade física, podendo a zona de domicílio e a ocupação influenciar no estilo de vida deles.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Johnson, Jay Tillay

For three years, Sandia National Laboratories, Georgia Institute of Technology, and University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign investigated a smart grid vision in which renewable-centric Virtual Power Plants (VPPs) provided ancillary services with interoperable distributed energy resources (DER). This team researched, designed, built, and evaluated real-time VPP designs incorporating DER forecasting, stochastic optimization, controls, and cyber security to construct a system capable of delivering reliable ancillary services, which have been traditionally provided by large power plants or other dedicated equipment. VPPs have become possible through an evolving landscape of state and national interconnection standards, which now require DER to include grid-supportmore » functionality and communications capabilities. This makes it possible for third party aggregators to provide a range of critical grid services such as voltage regulation, frequency regulation, and contingency reserves to grid operators. This paradigm (a) enables renewable energy, demand response, and energy storage to participate in grid operations and provide grid services, (b) improves grid reliability by providing additional operating reserves for utilities, independent system operators (ISOs), and regional transmission organization (RTOs), and (c) removes renewable energy high-penetration barriers by providing services with photovoltaics and wind resources that traditionally were the jobs of thermal generators. Therefore, it is believed VPP deployment will have far-reaching positive consequences for grid operations and may provide a robust pathway to high penetrations of renewables on US power systems. In this report, we design VPPs to provide a range of grid-support services and demonstrate one VPP which simultaneously provides bulk-system energy and ancillary reserves.« less

Daytime lidar measurements of tidal winds in the mesospheric sodium layer at Urbana, Illinois

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kwon, K. H.; Senft, D. C.; Gardner, C. S.; Voelz, D. G.; Sechrist, C. F., Jr.; Roesler, F. L.

1986-01-01

For more than 15 years lidar systems have been used to study the chemistry and dynamics of the mesospheric sodium layer. Because the layer is an excellent tracer of atmospheric wave motions, sodium lidar has proven to be particularly useful for studying the influence of gravity waves and tides on mesospheric dynamics. These waves, which originate in the troposphere and stratosphere, propagate through the mesosphere and dissipate their energy near the mesopause making important contributions to the momentum and turbulence budget in this region of the atmosphere. Recently, the sodium lidar was modified for daytime operation so that wave phenomena and chemical effects could be monitored throughout the complete diurnal cycle. The results of continuous 24 hour lidar observations of the sodium layer structure are presented alond with measurement of the semidiurnal tidal winds.

Ground states of larger nuclei

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pieper, S.C.; Wiringa, R.B.; Pandharipande, V.R.

1995-08-01

The methods used for the few-body nuclei require operations on the complete spin-isospin vector; the size of this vector makes such methods impractical for nuclei with A > 8. During the last few years we developed cluster expansion methods that do not require operations on the complete vector. We use the same Hamiltonians as for the few-body nuclei and variational wave functions of form similar to the few-body wave functions. The cluster expansions are made for the noncentral parts of the wave functions and for the operators whose expectation values are being evaluated. The central pair correlations in the wavemore » functions are treated exactly and this requires the evaluation of 3A-dimensional integrals which are done with Monte Carlo techniques. Most of our effort was on {sup 16}O, other p-shell nuclei, and {sup 40}Ca. In 1993 the Mathematics and Computer Science Division acquired a 128-processor IBM SP which has a theoretical peak speed of 16 Gigaflops (GFLOPS). We converted our program to run on this machine. Because of the large memory on each node of the SP, it was easy to convert the program to parallel form with very low communication overhead. Considerably more effort was needed to restructure the program from one oriented towards long vectors for the Cray computers at NERSC to one that makes efficient use of the cache of the RS6000 architecture. The SP made possible complete five-body cluster calculations of {sup 16}O for the first time; previously we could only do four-body cluster calculations. These calculations show that the expectation value of the two-body potential is converging less rapidly than we had thought, while that of the three-body potential is more rapidly convergent; the net result is no significant change to our predicted binding energy for {sup 16}O using the new Argonne v{sub 18} potential and the Urbana IX three-nucleon potential. This result is in good agreement with experiment.« less

Comparison of Two Serologically Distinct Ribonucleic Acid Bacteriophages I. Properties of the Viral Particles

PubMed Central

Overby, L. R.; Barlow, G. H.; Doi, R. H.; Jacob, Monique; Spiegelman, S.

1966-01-01

Overby, L. R. (University of Illinois, Urbana), G. H. Barlow, R. H. Doi, Monique Jacob, and S. Spiegelman. Comparison of two serologically distinct ribonucleic acid bacteriophages. I. Properties of the viral particle. J. Bacteriol. 91:442–448. 1966.—Two ribonucleic acid (RNA) coliphages, MS-2 and Qβ, have been characterized physically and serologically. MS-2 has an S20, w value of 79, a molecular weight of 3.6 × 106, a density of 1.422, and pH 3.9 as its isoelectric point. Qβ has an S20, w of 84, a molecular weight of 4.2 × 106, a density of 1.439, and an isoelectric point at pH 5.3. One host (Escherichia coli A-19) permits a distinction between the two on the basis of a marked difference in plaque size. They are distinct immunochemically, no serological cross-reaction being detectable. Images PMID:5903109

JCESR Scientific Sprints – Better Polymers for Better Batteries

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Brushett, Fikile; Moore, Jeff; Zhang, Lu

2016-02-19

Argonne National Laboratory leads the Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), a major collaborative research partnership with the goal of developing next-generation energy storage technologies. JCESR supplements its traditional project management approach with scientific “Sprints.” The Sprint described in this video involved a multidisciplinary team from Argonne, the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and the University of Michigan. As they studied how polymers in solution can react electrochemically to store energy, the team solved a crucial battery problem: “crossover,” which is caused by molecules mixing together when they should not, resulting in reduced performance. Manymore » possible materials were tested, and a set of candidate polymers were chosen that are stable, cheap to make, and suitable for conditions required in batteries. The collaboration allowed timely development that would have taken much longer had the groups been working independently.« less

The Effects of the Critical Ice Accretion on Airfoil and Wing Performance

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Selig, Michael S.; Bragg, Michael B.; Saeed, Farooq

1998-01-01

In support of the NASA Lewis Modern Airfoils Ice Accretion Test Program, the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign provided expertise in airfoil design and aerodynamic analysis to determine the aerodynamic effect of ice accretion on modern airfoil sections. The effort has concentrated on establishing a design/testing methodology for "hybrid airfoils" or "sub-scale airfoils," that is, airfoils having a full-scale leading edge together with a specially designed and foreshortened aft section. The basic approach of using a full-scale leading edge with a foreshortened aft section was considered to a limited extent over 40 years ago. However, it was believed that the range of application of the method had not been fully exploited. Thus a systematic study was being undertaken to investigate and explore the range of application of the method so as to determine its overall potential.

Lidar observations of wave-like structure in the atmospheric sodium layer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rowlett, J. R.; Gardner, C. S.; Richter, E. S.; Sechrist, C. F., Jr.

1978-01-01

The University of Illinois (Urbana) lidar system has been developed to study the atmospheric sodium layer near 90 km altitude through the mechanism of resonance scattering. The photocount data are processed using digital smoothing filters to obtain continuous estimates of the sodium density versus altitude. The filter cutoff frequency is related to the height resolution and accuracy of the estimated profile. Lidar photocount data processed using this filtering technique show wave-like structures in the sodium layer which move downward with time. The waves have typical wavelengths of 3-15 km and phase velocities of less than 1 m/sec. The movement of these structures seems to be independent of the motion of the bottomside of the layer, which also has been observed to move up or down by as much as 2 km over a period of a few hours.

Application of the Disruption Predictor Feature Developer to developing a machine-portable disruption predictor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Parsons, Matthew; Tang, William; Feibush, Eliot

2016-10-01

Plasma disruptions pose a major threat to the operation of tokamaks which confine a large amount of stored energy. In order to effectively mitigate this damage it is necessary to predict an oncoming disruption with sufficient warning time to take mitigative action. Machine learning approaches to this problem have shown promise but require further developments to address (1) the need for machine-portable predictors and (2) the availability of multi-dimensional signal inputs. Here we demonstrate progress in these two areas by applying the Disruption Predictor Feature Developer to data from JET and NSTX, and discuss topics of focus for ongoing work in support of ITER. The author is also supported under the Fulbright U.S. Student Program as a graduate student in the department of Nuclear, Plasma and Radiological Engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

Progress on the Development of the hPIC Particle-in-Cell Code

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dart, Cameron; Hayes, Alyssa; Khaziev, Rinat; Marcinko, Stephen; Curreli, Davide; Laboratory of Computational Plasma Physics Team

2017-10-01

Advancements were made in the development of the kinetic-kinetic electrostatic Particle-in-Cell code, hPIC, designed for large-scale simulation of the Plasma-Material Interface. hPIC achieved a weak scaling efficiency of 87% using the Algebraic Multigrid Solver BoomerAMG from the PETSc library on more than 64,000 cores of the Blue Waters supercomputer at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. The code successfully simulates two-stream instability and a volume of plasma over several square centimeters of surface extending out to the presheath in kinetic-kinetic mode. Results from a parametric study of the plasma sheath in strongly magnetized conditions will be presented, as well as a detailed analysis of the plasma sheath structure at grazing magnetic angles. The distribution function and its moments will be reported for plasma species in the simulation domain and at the material surface for plasma sheath simulations. Membership Pending.

History society launches journal

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Richman, Barbara T.

A fledgling international organization plans to launch, in the next few months, a journal devoted to the study of the history of the earth sciences. The journal, to be published by the History of Earth Sciences Society (HESS), will be edited by Gerald M. Friedman ot the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.HESS will promote interest and scholarship in the history of the earth sciences by publishing the semiannual journal, by organizing meetings about the history of earth sciences, and by supporting the efforts of other associations displaying similar interests, according to the society's draft constitution. An organizational meeting to ratify the constitution and to elect officers will be held in conjunction with the annual meeting of the Geological Society of America in October. The interim officers and the proposed slate for 1983 include David B. Kitts (University of Oklahoma, Norman), president; Albert V. Carrozi (University of Illinois, Urbana), president-elect; and Ellis L. Yochelson (U.S. Geological Survey, National Museum of Natural History), secretary.

Data harmonization and model performance

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

The Joint Committee on Urban Storm Drainage of the International Association for Hydraulic Research (IAHR) and International Association on Water Pollution Research and Control (IAWPRC) was formed in 1982. The current committee members are (no more than two from a country): B. C. Yen, Chairman (USA); P. Harremoes, Vice Chairman (Denmark); R. K. Price, Secretary (UK); P. J. Colyer (UK), M. Desbordes (France), W. C. Huber (USA), K. Krauth (FRG), A. Sjoberg (Sweden), and T. Sueishi (Japan).The IAHR/IAWPRC Joint Committee is forming a Task Group on Data Harmonization and Model Performance. One objective is to promote international urban drainage data harmonization for easy data and information exchange. Another objective is to publicize available models and data internationally. Comments and suggestions concerning the formation and charge of the Task Group are welcome and should be sent to: B. C. Yen, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Illinois, 208 N. Romine St., Urbana, IL 61801.

JCESR Scientific Sprints – Better Polymers for Better Batteries

ScienceCinema

Brushett, Fikile; Moore, Jeff; Zhang, Lu; Rodriguez-Lopez, Joaquin; Sevov, Christo; Gavvalapalli, Nagarjuna; Montoto, Elena

2018-06-25

Argonne National Laboratory leads the Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), a major collaborative research partnership with the goal of developing next-generation energy storage technologies. JCESR supplements its traditional project management approach with scientific “Sprints.” The Sprint described in this video involved a multidisciplinary team from Argonne, the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and the University of Michigan. As they studied how polymers in solution can react electrochemically to store energy, the team solved a crucial battery problem: “crossover,” which is caused by molecules mixing together when they should not, resulting in reduced performance. Many possible materials were tested, and a set of candidate polymers were chosen that are stable, cheap to make, and suitable for conditions required in batteries. The collaboration allowed timely development that would have taken much longer had the groups been working independently.

100 years of Pb deposition and transport in soils in Champaign, Illinois, U.S.A

USGS Publications Warehouse

Zhang, Y.

2003-01-01

In Illinois, atmospheric deposition is one major source of heavy metal inputs to agricultural land. The atmospheric Pb deposition and transport record in agricultural soils in Champaign, Illinois, was established by studying surface and subsurface soil samples collected during the past 100 years from the Morrow Plots on the campus of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. The Pb content in the soil samples was measured and the Ph deposition fluxes were calculated. The Pb content in surface soils increased sharply in the first half of the 20th century, and stayed invariant since. The maximum Pb flux from the atmosphere was estimated to be 27 (??14) ??g cm-2 yr-1 around 1940. The major pollution source for this increase probably was residential coal burning. It was estimated that in 50 yr, more than 50% of the Pb input had been lost from the surface soils.

Using multimedia learning modules in a hybrid-online course in electricity and magnetism

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sadaghiani, Homeyra R.

2011-06-01

We have been piloting web-based multimedia learning modules (MLMs), developed by the Physics Education Research Group at the University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign (UIUC), as a “prelecture assignment” in several introductory physics courses at California State Polytechnic University at Pomona. In this study, we report the results from a controlled study utilizing modules on electricity and magnetism as a part of a blended hybrid-online course. We asked students in the experimental section to view the MLMs prior to attending the face-to-face class, and to make sure this would not result in additional instructional time, we reduced the weekly class time by one-third. We found that despite reduced class time, student-learning outcomes were not hindered; in fact, the implementation of the UIUC MLMs resulted in a positive effect on student performance on conceptual tests and classroom discussion questions.

Research productivity in select psychology journals, 1986-2008.

PubMed

Mahoney, Kevin T; Buboltz, Walter C; Calvert, Barbara; Hoffmann, Rebecca

2010-01-01

Examination of research productivity has a long history in psychology. Journals across psychology have periodically published research-productivity studies. An analysis of institutional research productivity was conducted for 17 journals published by the American Psychological Association for the years 1986-2008. This analysis implemented two methodologies: one a replication and extension of G. S. Howard, D. A. Cole, and S. E. Maxwell's (1987) method, the other a new method designed to give credit to psychology departments rather than only overall institutions. A system of proportional credit assured all articles with multiple institutions received credit. Results show that for the 23-year period, the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign was ranked 1st, followed by the University of California, Los Angeles, and the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Overall, results showed both consistency and change across all journals examined. The authors explore the implications of these findings in the context of the current academic environment.

Radio Synthesis Imaging - A High Performance Computing and Communications Project

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Crutcher, Richard M.

The National Science Foundation has funded a five-year High Performance Computing and Communications project at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) for the direct implementation of several of the computing recommendations of the Astronomy and Astrophysics Survey Committee (the "Bahcall report"). This paper is a summary of the project goals and a progress report. The project will implement a prototype of the next generation of astronomical telescope systems - remotely located telescopes connected by high-speed networks to very high performance, scalable architecture computers and on-line data archives, which are accessed by astronomers over Gbit/sec networks. Specifically, a data link has been installed between the BIMA millimeter-wave synthesis array at Hat Creek, California and NCSA at Urbana, Illinois for real-time transmission of data to NCSA. Data are automatically archived, and may be browsed and retrieved by astronomers using the NCSA Mosaic software. In addition, an on-line digital library of processed images will be established. BIMA data will be processed on a very high performance distributed computing system, with I/O, user interface, and most of the software system running on the NCSA Convex C3880 supercomputer or Silicon Graphics Onyx workstations connected by HiPPI to the high performance, massively parallel Thinking Machines Corporation CM-5. The very computationally intensive algorithms for calibration and imaging of radio synthesis array observations will be optimized for the CM-5 and new algorithms which utilize the massively parallel architecture will be developed. Code running simultaneously on the distributed computers will communicate using the Data Transport Mechanism developed by NCSA. The project will also use the BLANCA Gbit/s testbed network between Urbana and Madison, Wisconsin to connect an Onyx workstation in the University of Wisconsin Astronomy Department to the NCSA CM-5, for development of long-distance distributed computing. Finally, the project is developing 2D and 3D visualization software as part of the international AIPS++ project. This research and development project is being carried out by a team of experts in radio astronomy, algorithm development for massively parallel architectures, high-speed networking, database management, and Thinking Machines Corporation personnel. The development of this complete software, distributed computing, and data archive and library solution to the radio astronomy computing problem will advance our expertise in high performance computing and communications technology and the application of these techniques to astronomical data processing.

The rocks and fossils of my school… as educational and cientific divulgation resources

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Canas, Ana; Lopes, Francisco; Guerreiro, Catarina; Reis, Raquel; Carneiro, Amanda

2017-04-01

In a city, on walls, pavements, street furniture and monuments, it is normal to find rocks with fossils and curious features, full of interesting stories. This geological and paleontological heritage, usually ignored by the majority of citizens, has an enormous potential for use in science; education; conservation; communication; tourism and leisure. The fact that the walls and floors in the Silves Secondary School are covered with different types of rocks with peculiar characteristics and full of an enormous fossiliferous diversity, gave us the opportunity to explore the potential of this geodiversity in a school context. The main objectives defined in this project were: to promote the geodiversity present in the school building as an educational (sciences' teaching) and communication (scientific literacy and divulgation) resource; to diversify the educational materials and resources available in the school; to involve students in a concrete project, with a practical and multidisciplinary approach; to stimulate students' interest for science and knowledge; to promote the education of more observing, conscientious and respectful citizens of the natural and cultural heritage. In the execution of the project, we highlight the following activities: theoretical and practical work sessions (bibliographical research, field work, analysis and discussion of results, evaluation, ...); inventory of rocks and fossils ("cartography" of the school building, written and photographic record, identification of rocks and fossils, ...); selection of places of interest; production and compilation of contents - texts, photographs, diagrams and illustrations (students of both science and technology, and arts courses); production of a digital guide with sections for students of different levels of education, teachers and other interested parties (available on the school website); production of identifying and informative contents for boards in the places of interest; edition and graphic design of the digital guide and informative boards (students of the graphic design course); practical classes, guided tours and other promotion and divulgation initiatives. In the end, with this project, students, teachers and the rest of the educational community, will regard rocks and fossils differently. In the next school year (2017/2018), we intend to carry the work forward, extending it to other schools in Silves county. Some of the papers that inspired our project: -Cachada, M., Santos, A., Alfaro, E., Silva, C. S. (2012). Experiencias de aprovechamiento educativo y turístico de recursos geológicos en las ciudades de Huelva, Sevilla y Córdoba. Comunicaciones XVII Simposio sobre Enseñanza de la Geología. Universidad de Huelva, 64-70 -Fuertes, I., Calzada, E., Llamas, T., Tejerina, A., Crespo, M., Pereiras, L., Crespo, T., Domínguez, L., Cabezas, L. (2016). Lugares de interés geoeducativo en el medio urbano. Potencialidad de las ciudades para la enseñanza de Geología. Enseñanza de las Ciencias de la Tierra, Vol. 24 (2), 195-201 -Rodrigues, L., Agostinho, M., Manteigas, R. (2014). Geologia e Paleontologia Urbanas - potencialidades e aplicações em três cidades do Algarve. Comunicações Geológicas, 101, Especial III: 1359-1363 -Silva, C. M., Cachão, M. (1998). "Paleontologia Urbana": percursos citadinos de interpretação e educação (paleo)ambiental. Actas V Congresso Nacional de Geologia, Comunicações Instituto Geológico e Mineiro, Lisboa, 84 (2), H33-H37

Solar-Induced Fluorescence of Maize Across A Water Stress Gradient in the Midwestern USA

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Miao, G.; Guan, K.; Suyker, A.; Yang, X.; Benarcchi, C. J.; Gamon, J. A.; Berry, J. A.; DeLucia, E.; Franz, T.; Arkebauer, T. J.; Zygielbaum, A. I.; Walter-Shea, E. A.; Moore, C.; Zhang, Y.; Kim, H.; Hmimina, G.

2017-12-01

In the coming decades, agricultural ecosystems will be challenged by rising temperatures, changing rainfall patterns, and increasing extreme weather. Understanding how crops respond to weather variability and how humans manage agriculture to mitigate and adapt to climate change is critical for improving agricultural sustainability and supporting increasing global food demands. Accurately estimating gross primary productivity (GPP) of crops is of importance to evaluate their sustainability and capability but remains a challenge. The recent development of solar-induced fluorescence (SIF) technology is stimulating studies to use SIF to approximate GPP. It has been observed that agricultural lands have remarkably high SIF and the SIF signal could be used as an indicator of vegetation stress, which is particularly valuable for improved monitoring of crop productivity and stress. To investigate the applicability of SIF for detecting maize stress and estimating GPP, we deployed three FluoSpec2 systems in 2017 at three long-term eddy covariance flux sites across the US Corn Belt, a rain-fed maize field (AmeriFlux sites US-NE3) and an irrigated maize field (US-NE2) at Mead, Nebraska and a rain-fed maize field at Urbana, Illinois. Together these form a water stress gradient. Variations in GPP, SIF, photosynthetic efficiency (LUE), SIF yield (SIFy), and relationships between GPP and SIF, LUE and SIFy will be compared as indications of the difference in maize growth across the water stress gradient. More importantly, differences in GPP and SIF signals will be examined over multiple growth stages to assess the potential of SIF in identifying the growth stages that are mostly affected by water stress and the ones that play the most important roles on the crop yield.

Real-time 3D video compression for tele-immersive environments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, Zhenyu; Cui, Yi; Anwar, Zahid; Bocchino, Robert; Kiyanclar, Nadir; Nahrstedt, Klara; Campbell, Roy H.; Yurcik, William

2006-01-01

Tele-immersive systems can improve productivity and aid communication by allowing distributed parties to exchange information via a shared immersive experience. The TEEVE research project at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and the University of California at Berkeley seeks to foster the development and use of tele-immersive environments by a holistic integration of existing components that capture, transmit, and render three-dimensional (3D) scenes in real time to convey a sense of immersive space. However, the transmission of 3D video poses significant challenges. First, it is bandwidth-intensive, as it requires the transmission of multiple large-volume 3D video streams. Second, existing schemes for 2D color video compression such as MPEG, JPEG, and H.263 cannot be applied directly because the 3D video data contains depth as well as color information. Our goal is to explore from a different angle of the 3D compression space with factors including complexity, compression ratio, quality, and real-time performance. To investigate these trade-offs, we present and evaluate two simple 3D compression schemes. For the first scheme, we use color reduction to compress the color information, which we then compress along with the depth information using zlib. For the second scheme, we use motion JPEG to compress the color information and run-length encoding followed by Huffman coding to compress the depth information. We apply both schemes to 3D videos captured from a real tele-immersive environment. Our experimental results show that: (1) the compressed data preserves enough information to communicate the 3D images effectively (min. PSNR > 40) and (2) even without inter-frame motion estimation, very high compression ratios (avg. > 15) are achievable at speeds sufficient to allow real-time communication (avg. ~ 13 ms per 3D video frame).

Model-based framework for multi-axial real-time hybrid simulation testing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fermandois, Gaston A.; Spencer, Billie F.

2017-10-01

Real-time hybrid simulation is an efficient and cost-effective dynamic testing technique for performance evaluation of structural systems subjected to earthquake loading with rate-dependent behavior. A loading assembly with multiple actuators is required to impose realistic boundary conditions on physical specimens. However, such a testing system is expected to exhibit significant dynamic coupling of the actuators and suffer from time lags that are associated with the dynamics of the servo-hydraulic system, as well as control-structure interaction (CSI). One approach to reducing experimental errors considers a multi-input, multi-output (MIMO) controller design, yielding accurate reference tracking and noise rejection. In this paper, a framework for multi-axial real-time hybrid simulation (maRTHS) testing is presented. The methodology employs a real-time feedback-feedforward controller for multiple actuators commanded in Cartesian coordinates. Kinematic transformations between actuator space and Cartesian space are derived for all six-degrees-offreedom of the moving platform. Then, a frequency domain identification technique is used to develop an accurate MIMO transfer function of the system. Further, a Cartesian-domain model-based feedforward-feedback controller is implemented for time lag compensation and to increase the robustness of the reference tracking for given model uncertainty. The framework is implemented using the 1/5th-scale Load and Boundary Condition Box (LBCB) located at the University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign. To demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed methodology, a single-story frame subjected to earthquake loading is tested. One of the columns in the frame is represented physically in the laboratory as a cantilevered steel column. For realtime execution, the numerical substructure, kinematic transformations, and controllers are implemented on a digital signal processor. Results show excellent performance of the maRTHS framework when six-degrees-of-freedom are controlled at the interface between substructures.

Low-frequency Electronic Transport Noise in La2-xBaxCuO4 Nanowires

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Weis, Adam; Xin, Yizhou; van Harlingen, Dale

2013-03-01

In the pseudogap regime, high temperature superconductors often exhibit electronic structure, such as charge stripes. Charge stripes pinned to disorder have been predicted to contribute to low-frequency resistance fluctuations when sample dimensions are comparable to the size of stripe domains (Carlson, 2006). We are extending our previous studies of resistance fluctuations in YBa2Cu3O7-δ (Bonetti, 2004; Caplan, 2010) to thin films of La-based cuprates expected to have a more stable stripe phase, particularly in the regime near 1/8-filling. We present measurements of the low-frequency electronic transport in La2-xBaxCuO4 nanowires fabricated by pulsed laser deposition and lithographic techniques. We discuss temperature dependence of the power spectral density and its relevance to correlated electron phases above Tc. This research was supported by the DOE-DMS under grant DE-FG02-07ER46453, through the Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

Exploring plasmonic nanoantenna arrays as a platform for biosensing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Toussaint, Kimani C.

2017-08-01

In recent years, the PROBE Lab at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign has made significant developments in plasmonic nanoantenna technology by more closely exploring the rich parameter space associated with these structures including geometry and material composition, as well as the optical excitation conditions. Indeed, plasmonic nanoantennas are attractive for a variety of potential applications in nanotechnology, biology, and photonics due to their ability to tightly confine and strongly enhance optical fields. This talk will discuss our work with arrays of Au bowtie nanoantennas (BNAs) with an emphasis on how their field enhancement properties could be harnessed for particle manipulation and sensing. We also present our work with pillar-supported BNAs (p-BNAs) and discuss their potential for sensing applications, particularly when adapted for response in the near-IR. The talk will conclude with a brief discussion of some of the future work pursued by the PROBE lab, including adapting BNAs for lab-on-a-chip applications.

T/R switch design for short-range measurements, part 6.1A

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Yu, B.

1984-01-01

The positive intrinsic negative (PIN) diode switch which is designed to protect the receiver from burnout or damage on transmission and channel the echo signal to the receiver on reception is outlined. The receiver must be protected firmly. A schematic diagram of a transformer rectifier (TR-ATR) switch for the Urbana Radar is shown. The T/R switch consists of a half wavelength coaxial cavity with tuning condenser and PIN diodes. Two UM4300 PIN diodes were mounted between the inner and outer conductor. The dc biasing voltage required for the PIN diodes is supplied by a control circuit. On transmission, the PIN diodes are forward biased to about 0.5 amperes. On reception, about 10 volts reverse voltage is applied to the diodes, which produces an initial reverse current to speed the recovery time. The T/R switch characteristics are estimated and the result of testing at different peak transmitter powers from 410 kW to 1500 kW is shown.

Collaborative Defense of Transmission and Distribution Protection and Control Devices Against Cyber Attacks (CODEF) DE-OE0000674. ABB Inc. Final Scientific/Technical Report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nuqui, Reynaldo

This report summarizes the activities conducted under the DOE-OE funded project DEOE0000674, where ABB Inc. (ABB), in collaboration with University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), Bonneville Power Administration (BPA), and Ameren-Illinois (Ameren-IL) pursued the development of a system of collaborative defense of electrical substation’s intelligent electronic devices against cyber-attacks (CODEF). An electrical substation with CODEF features will be more capable of mitigating cyber-attacks especially those that seek to control switching devices. It leverages the security extensions of IEC 61850 to empower existing devices to collaborate in identifying and blocking malicious intents to trip circuit breakers, mis-coordinate devices settings, even thoughmore » the commands and the measurements comply with correct syntax. The CODEF functions utilize the physics of electromagnetic systems, electric power engineering principles, and computer science to bring more in depth cyber defense closer to the protected substation devices.« less

The Singular Quest for a Universal Tree of Life

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Carl Woese developed a unique research program, based on rRNA, for discerning bacterial relationships and constructing a universal tree of life. Woese's interest in the evolution of the genetic code led to him to investigate the deep roots of evolution, develop the concept of the progenote, and conceive of the Archaea. In so doing, he and his colleagues at the University of Illinois in Urbana revolutionized microbiology and brought the classification of microbes into an evolutionary framework. Woese also provided definitive evidence for the role of symbiosis in the evolution of the eukaryotic cell while underscoring the importance of lateral gene transfer in microbial evolution. Woese and colleagues' proposal of three fundamental domains of life was brought forward in direct conflict with the prokaryote-eukaryote dichotomy. Together with several colleagues and associates, he brought together diverse evidence to support the rRNA evidence for the fundamentally tripartite nature of life. This paper aims to provide insight into his accomplishments, how he achieved them, and his place in the history of biology. PMID:24296570

Two New Species of Bibloplectus Reitter (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae) from the Orlando Park Collection, Field Museum of Natural History.

PubMed

Owens, Brittany E; Carlton, Christopher E

2018-04-10

Two new species of Bibloplectus Reitter, 1881 are described from the Orlando Park Collection of Pselaphinae at the FMNH (Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA): Bibloplectus silvestris Owens and Carlton, new species (type locality, Urbana, IL, USA) and Bibloplectus wingi Owens and Carlton, new species (type locality, Shades State Park, IN, USA). Types of these new species were part of a series of specimens bearing unpublished Park manuscript names in both the pinned and slide collection at the FMNH. They bring the total number of species in the genus in eastern North America to twenty-three. Resolving these manuscript names adds to previous efforts to uncover elements of the hidden diversity of North American Bibloplectus from museum collections (Owens and Carlton 2016, Owens and Carlton 2017) and highlights the importance of close examination of the Orlando Park pselaphine collection as a valuable historic and taxonomic resource.

Mutations of Electrons as Constituents of Hadrons

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Driscoll, R. B.

1997-04-01

Conjecture (C) 1: Coulomb-charged constituents of electron (e) are attracted to its barycentre by lepto-strong force F=K/r^2+f; f is stably perturbative for r < the "radius" of e. An exterior magnetic field (MF) with gradient (G) secularly perturbs the eccentricities but not the energies of the constituents' orbits, changing the spin (s) and magnetic moment (μ) of e. (C) 2: F coheres two or more e's dynamically with r approximately equal to the "radius" of e. The resulting MF and G at each e oscillate. Stable values of s and μ result for each e which differs from the atomic values. Binding energies change the masses of the e's. A hadron results. (C) 3: An e similarly may bind to a proton to form a Rutherford- Santilli neutron. The proton is negligibly mutated.(References: H. Dehmelt, Science 247, 539 (1990); T.E. Phipps, Jr., Heretical Verities (Classic Non-fiction Library, Urbana, 1986); R.M. Santilli, Hadronic Mechanics (Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, Kiev, 1995 and 1996), 3 volumes.)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Leakey, Andrew D. B.

This project funded the C 4 and CAM (crassulacean acid metabolism) Plant Biology 2013 symposium, held at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, on August 6-9, 2013. The symposium brought together a diverse group of scientists to discuss the evolution, ecology, functional biology, genomics and biotechnological engineering of C 4 and CAM plants. These two groups of plants possess evolutionary modifications to their photosynthetic machinery that improve their performance in hot and dry conditions. Maize and pineapple are classic examples of C 4 and CAM plants, respectively. The meeting discussed how lessons learned from these groups of plants canmore » be harnessed to improve crop production of biofuel feedstocks in an era of global climate change. The interdisciplinary nature of the meeting meant that the delegation members typically do not collectively attend any one scientific society meeting. As a result, the symposium was a unique opportunity for knowledge transfer, initiation of new collaborations, and recruitment and exposure of early career scientists.« less

An investigation of turbulent scatter from the mesosphere as observed by coherent-scatter radar

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gibbs, K. P.; Bowhill, S. A.

1983-01-01

Turbulent scatter from he mesosphere is observed using the Urbana coherent-scatter radar. The variation in signal-to-noise ratio as a function of time-of-day is examined. The origin of scattering regions is investigated by comparing the variations in scattered power and Doppler velocity. Nighttime echoes are shown for periods of enhanced electron concentration. The spectrum of the returned signal is studied with a resolution of ten seconds. Spectral information is used to increase altitude resolution and observe the motion of scatterers. The expected variation in signal-to-noise ratio with solar flux is observed. It is found that variations in the scattered power generally do not correspond to the gravity waves which are simultaneously observed. Turbulent layers are observed at altitudes with high shear in the horizontal velocity and at altitudes with low shear. The ten-second resolution is necessary to distinguish meteor echoes from echoes produced by the advection of a scattering layer through the radar beam.

Transfer of Graphene Layers Grown on SiC Wafers to Other Substrates and Their Integration into Field Effect Transistors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Unarunotai, Sakulsuk; Murata, Yuya; Chialvo, Cesar; Kim, Hoon-Sik; MacLaren, Scott; Mason, Nadya; Petrov, Ivan; Rogers, John

2010-03-01

An approach to produce graphene films by epitaxial growth on silicon carbide substrate is promising, but its current implementation requires the use of SiC as the device substrate. We present a simple method for transferring epitaxial sheets of graphene on SiC to other substrates. The graphene was grown on the (0001) face of 6H-SiC by thermal annealing in a hydrogen atmosphere. Transfer was accomplished using a peeling process with a bilayer film of Gold/polyimide, to yield graphene with square millimeters of coverage on the target substrate. Back gated field-effect transistors fabricated on oxidized silicon substrates with Cr/Au as source-drain electrodes exhibited ambipolar characteristics with hole mobilities of ˜100 cm^2/V-s, and negligible influence of resistance at the contacts. This work was supported by the U.S. DOE, under Award No. DE-FG02-07ER46471, through the Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

Lidar Probing of the Mesosphere: Simultaneous Observations of Sporadic Sodium and Iron Formations, Calcium Ion Layers, Neutral Temperature and Winds

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kane, Timothy J.; Qian, Jun; Scherrer, Daniel R.; Senft, Daniel C.; Pfenninger, W. Matthew; Papen, George C.; Gardner, Chester S.

1992-01-01

Meteoritic ablation in the upper atmosphere is the commonly accepted source of the mesospheric metals between 80 and 105 km. The vertical and temporal behavior of some of these metals can be probed with high accuracy and resolution using resonance fluorescence lidar techniques. Of considerable interest in recent years has been the sporadic and rapid formation of thin, dense enhancements in these metallic layers. Since late Mar. 1991, the UIUC CEDAR lidar system, located at the Urbana Atmospheric Observatory, has been routinely operating at the Fe resonance line of 372 nm in order to probe the mesospheric Fe layer. In Nov. 1991, the capability to investigate mesospheric Ca(+) at the resonance line of 393.4 nm was added. The lidar's eximer-pumped dye laser uses Exciton QUI laser dye dissolved in p-dioxane, which can lase at both the Fe and Ca(+) frequencies. Various aspects of this investigation are discussed.

Gender plays no role in student ability to perform on computer-based examinations.

PubMed

Kies, Susan M; Williams, Benjamin D; Freund, Gregory G

2006-11-28

To see if there is a difference in performance when students switch from traditional paper-and-pencil examinations to computer-based examinations, and to determine whether there are gender differences in student performance in these two examination formats. This study involved first year medical students at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign over three Academic Years 2002-03/2003-04 and 2003-05. Comparisons of student performance by overall class and gender were made. Specific comparisons within courses that utilized both the paper-and-pencil and computer formats were analyzed. Overall performance scores for students among the various Academic Years revealed no differences between exams given in the traditional pen-and-paper and computer formats. Further, when we looked specifically for gender differences in performance between these two testing formats, we found none. The format for examinations in the courses analyzed does not affect student performance. We find no evidence for gender differences in performance on exams on pen-and-paper or computer-based exams.

Evaluation of the inclusion of soybean oil and soybean processing by-products to soybean meal on nutrient composition and digestibility in swine and poultry.

PubMed

Bruce, K J; Karr-Lilienthal, L K; Zinn, K E; Pope, L L; Mahan, D C; Fastinger, N D; Watts, M; Utterback, P L; Parsons, C M; Castaneda, E O; Ellis, M; Fahey, G C

2006-06-01

This experiment was designed to evaluate the effects of selected soybean (SB) processing byproducts (gums, oil, soapstock, weeds/trash) when added back to soybean meal (SBM) during processing on the resulting nutrient composition, protein quality, nutrient digestibility by swine, and true metabolizable energy (TMEn) content and standardized AA digestibility by poultry. To measure ileal DM and nutrient digestibility, pigs were surgically fitted with a T-cannula in the distal ileum. The concentration of TMEn and the standardized AA digestibility by poultry were determined using the precision fed cecectomized rooster assay. Treatments in the swine experiment included SBM with no by-products; SBM with 1% gum; SBM with 3% gum; SBM with 0.5% soapstock; SBM with 1.5% soapstock; SBM with 2% weeds/trash; SBM with a combination of 3% gum, 1.5% soapstock, and 2% weeds/trash; SBM with 5.4% soybean oil; and roasted SB. A 10 x 10 Latin square design was utilized. The experiment was conducted at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, and at The Ohio State University, Columbus. In the swine experiment, apparent ileal DM, OM, CP, and AA digestibilities were reduced (P < 0.05) when pigs consumed the combination by-product diet compared with the diet containing no by-products. Apparent ileal digestibilities of DM, CP, and total essential, total nonessential, and total AA were lower (P < 0.05) for any diet containing by-products compared with the diet with no by-products. Apparent ileal digestibilities of DM, OM, CP, and AA were lower (P < 0.05) for the roasted SB-compared with the SB oil-containing diet. In the rooster experiment, TMEn values were greater (P < 0.05) for roasted SB compared with SBM with no by-products and increased linearly as the addition of soapstock increased. Individual, total essential, total nonessential, and total AA digestibilities were lower (P < 0.05) for roosters fed roasted SB versus SBM devoid of by-products. Gums, soapstock, and weeds/trash reduce the nutritive value of the resultant meal when they are added back during processing.

Neutron-deuteron analyzing power data at En=22.5 MeV

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Weisel, G. J.; Tornow, W.; Crowell, A. S.; Esterline, J. H.; Hale, G. M.; Howell, C. R.; O'Malley, P. D.; Tompkins, J. R.; Witała, H.

2014-05-01

We present measurements of n-d analyzing power, Ay(θ), at En=22.5 MeV. The experiment uses a shielded neutron source which produced polarized neutrons via the 2H(d⃗,n⃗)3He reaction. It also uses a deuterated liquid-scintillator center detector and six pairs of liquid-scintillator neutron side detectors. Elastic neutron scattering events are identified by using time-of-flight techniques and by setting a window in the center detector pulse-height spectrum. The beam polarization is monitored by using a high-pressure helium gas cell and an additional pair of liquid-scintillator side detectors. The n-d Ay(θ) data were corrected for finite-geometry and multiple-scattering effects using a Monte Carlo simulation of the experiment. The 22.5-MeV data demonstrate that the three-nucleon analyzing power puzzle also exists at this energy. They show a significant discrepancy with predictions of high-precision nucleon-nucleon potentials alone or combined with Tucscon-Melbourne or Urbana IX three-nucleon forces, as well as currently available effective-field theory based potentials of next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order.

Superconducting proximity effect in MBE grown Nb-InAs junctions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kan, Carolyn; Xue, Chi; Law, Stephanie; Eckstein, James

2013-03-01

Several proposals for the realization of Majorana fermions rely on excellent quality proximity coupling between a superconductor and a high-mobility semiconductor. We examine the long-range proximity coupling between MBE-grown InAs and in situ grown superconducting overlayers by fabricating transport devices, and investigate the effect of substrate choice and growth conditions on the quality of the MBE InAs. GaAs is commonly available as a high quality insulating substrate. Overcoming its lattice mismatch with InAs using GaSb and AlSb layers results in locally smooth terraced surfaces, but global spiral dislocation structures also appear and have a negative impact on the InAs mobility. Growing InAs on homoepitaxial GaSb results in improved morphology and increases the mean free path. We compare the proximity effect in devices made both ways. This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Division of Materials Sciences under Award No. DE-FG02 07ER46453, through the Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

The Role of the Isospin 3/2 Component in Elastic Neutron-Deuteron Scattering and in the Deuteron Breakup Reaction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Witała, H.; Golak, J.; Skibiński, R.; Topolnicki, K.; Kamada, H.

We discuss the importance of the three-nucleon isospin T = 3/2 component in elastic neutron-deuteron scattering and in the deuteron breakup reaction. The contribution of this amplitude originates from charge-independence breaking of the nucleon-nucleon potential. We study the magnitude of that contribution to the elastic scattering and breakup observables, taking the Av18 nucleon-nucleon potential alone or combined with the Urbana IX three-nucleon force as well as the locally regularized chiral N4LO nucleon-nucleon potential alone or supplemented by the chiral N2LO three-nucleon force. We find that the isospin T = 3/2 component is important for the breakup reaction and the proper treatment of charge-independence breaking in this case requires the inclusion of the 1S 0 state with isospin T = 3/2. For neutron-deuteron elastic scattering the T = 3/2 contributions are insignificant and charge-independence breaking can be accounted for by neglecting T = 3/2 component and using the effective t-matrix generated with the so-called “2/3 ‑ 1/3″ rule.

Center for Materials at Irradiation and Mechanical Extremes at LANL (A "Life at the Frontiers of Energy Research" contest entry from the 2011 Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRCs) Summit and Forum)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nastasi, Michael

"Center for Materials at Irradiation and Mechanical Extremes (CMIME) at LANL" was submitted by CMIME to the "Life at the Frontiers of Energy Research" video contest at the 2011 Science for Our Nation's Energy Future: Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRCs) Summit and Forum. Twenty-six EFRCs created short videos to highlight their mission and their work. CMIME, an EFRC directed by Michael Nastasi at Los Alamos National Laboratory is a partnership of scientists from four institutions: LANL (lead), Carnegie Mellon University, the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The Office of Basic Energy Sciences in themore » U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science established the 46 Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRCs) in 2009. These collaboratively-organized centers conduct fundamental research focused on 'grand challenges' and use-inspired 'basic research needs' recently identified in major strategic planning efforts by the scientific community. The overall purpose is to accelerate scientific progress toward meeting the nation's critical energy challenges.« less

Gender plays no role in student ability to perform on computer-based examinations

PubMed Central

Kies, Susan M; Williams, Benjamin D; Freund, Gregory G

2006-01-01

Background To see if there is a difference in performance when students switch from traditional paper-and-pencil examinations to computer-based examinations, and to determine whether there are gender differences in student performance in these two examination formats. Methods This study involved first year medical students at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign over three Academic Years 2002–03/2003–04 and 2003–05. Comparisons of student performance by overall class and gender were made. Specific comparisons within courses that utilized both the paper-and-pencil and computer formats were analyzed. Results Overall performance scores for students among the various Academic Years revealed no differences between exams given in the traditional pen-and-paper and computer formats. Further, when we looked specifically for gender differences in performance between these two testing formats, we found none. Conclusion The format for examinations in the courses analyzed does not affect student performance. We find no evidence for gender differences in performance on exams on pen-and-paper or computer-based exams. PMID:17132169

Dilemmas of talking about lifestyle changes among couples coping with a cardiac event.

PubMed

Goldsmith, Daena J; Lindholm, Kristin A; Bute, Jennifer J

2006-10-01

Persons who have experienced a myocardial infarction (MI) and/or coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery may benefit from a low-fat diet, regular exercise, smoking cessation, and stress management. Yet many patients do not make these changes. A spouse or partner's attempts at support may facilitate or interfere with patient behavior change. The present study explores dilemmas that may arise when couples talk about lifestyle changes following one person's MI or CABG. In interviews carried out in Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, and surrounding communities with 25 patients and 16 partners we found communicating support for lifestyle change may be interpreted as undesired control or criticism. The caring conveyed by talking may be viewed positively but can also threaten patient autonomy and entrap partners in unwanted expectations and obligations. Finally, lifestyle change conversations may reflect empowered patients collaborating with partners to take control of health but can also serve as potent reminders of loss. These multiple, potentially conflicting meanings give an account for why talking with a partner does not always facilitate patient lifestyle change. Understanding these dilemmas also suggests practical implications for helping patients and partners.

Local magnetization effects on magnetotransport in networks of connected permalloy nanowires

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sklenar, Joseph; Le, Brian; Park, Jung Sik; Chern, Gia-Wei; Nisoli, Cristiano; Watts, Justin; Manno, Michael; Rench, David; Samarth, Nitin; Leighton, Chris; Schiffer, Peter

We have performed detailed magnetotransport measurements of connected kagome artificial spin ice. To interpret our results we have performed micromagnetic simulations using MuMax3 to recreate all of the experimental configurations. We find good agreement between experiment and simulations for all in-plane angular orientations of the field. In certain ranges of the applied field angle, the structures vertex regions control the transverse resistance. The wide array of realizable connected systems provides many vertex types, and in turn points toward the utility of artificial spin ice as a platform in which to engineer magnetoresistive effects that are sensitive to local environments. This project was funded by the US DOE under Grant No. DE-SC0010778. This work was carried out in part in the Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Work at the University of Minnesota was supported by the NSF MRSEC under award DMR-1420013, and DMR-1507048. CN's work is carried out under the auspices of the NNSA of the U.S. DoE at LANL under Contract No. DE-AC.

Center for Materials at Irradiation and Mechanical Extremes at LANL (A "Life at the Frontiers of Energy Research" contest entry from the 2011 Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRCs) Summit and Forum)

ScienceCinema

Michael Nastasi (Director, Center for Materials at Irradiation and Mechanical Extremes); CMIME Staff

2017-12-09

'Center for Materials at Irradiation and Mechanical Extremes (CMIME) at LANL' was submitted by CMIME to the 'Life at the Frontiers of Energy Research' video contest at the 2011 Science for Our Nation's Energy Future: Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRCs) Summit and Forum. Twenty-six EFRCs created short videos to highlight their mission and their work. CMIME, an EFRC directed by Michael Nastasi at Los Alamos National Laboratory is a partnership of scientists from four institutions: LANL (lead), Carnegia Mellon University, the University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The Office of Basic Energy Sciences in the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science established the 46 Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRCs) in 2009. These collaboratively-organized centers conduct fundamental research focused on 'grand challenges' and use-inspired 'basic research needs' recently identified in major strategic planning efforts by the scientific community. The overall purpose is to accelerate scientific progress toward meeting the nation's critical energy challenges.

Interdisciplinary multiinstitutional alliances in support of educational programs for health sciences librarians.

PubMed Central

Smith, L C

1996-01-01

This project responds to the need to identify the knowledge, skills, and expertise required by health sciences librarians in the future and to devise mechanisms for providing this requisite training. The approach involves interdisciplinary multiinstitutional alliances with collaborators drawn from two graduate schools of library and information science (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and Indiana University) and two medical schools (University of Illinois at Chicago and Washington University). The project encompasses six specific aims: (1) investigate the evolving role of the health sciences librarian; (2) analyze existing programs of study in library and information science at all levels at Illinois and Indiana; (3) develop opportunities for practicums, internships, and residencies; (4) explore the possibilities of computing and communication technologies to enhance instruction; (5) identify mechanisms to encourage faculty and graduate students to participate in medical informatics research projects; and (6) create recruitment strategies to achieve better representation of currently underrepresented groups. The project can serve as a model for other institutions interested in regional collaboration to enhance graduate education for health sciences librarianship. PMID:8913560

Real-time MST radar signal processing using a microcomputer running under FORTH

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bowhill, S. A.

1983-01-01

Data on power, correlation time, and velocity were obtained at the Urbana radar using microcomputer and a single floppy disk drive. This system includes the following features: (1) measurement of the real and imaginary components of the received signal at 20 altitudes spaced by 1.5 km; (2) coherent integration of these components over a 1/8-s time period; (3) continuous real time display of the height profiles of the two coherently integrated components; (4) real time calculation of the 1 minute averages of the power and autocovariance function up to 6 lags; (5) output of these data to floppy disk once every 2 minutes; (6) display of the 1 minute power profiles while the data are stored to the disk; (7) visual prompting for the operator to change disks when required at the end of each hour of data; and (8) continuous audible indication of the status of the interrupt service routine. Accomplishments were enabled by two developments: the use of a new correlation algorithm and the use of the FORTH language to manage the various low level and high level procedures involved.

Publisher Correction: Western US volcanism due to intruding oceanic mantle driven by ancient Farallon slabs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhou, Quan; Liu, Lijun; Hu, Jiashun

2018-05-01

In the version of this Article originally published, data points representing mafic eruptions were missing from Fig. 4b, the corrected version is shown below. Furthermore, the authors omitted to include the following acknowledgements to the provider of the computational resources: "This research is part of the Blue Waters sustained-petascale computing project, which is supported by the National Science Foundation (awards OCI-0725070 and ACI-1238993) and the state of Illinois. Blue Waters is a joint effort of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and its National Center for Supercomputing Applications. This work is also part of the `PRAC Title 4-D Geodynamic Modeling With Data Assimilation: Origin Of Intra-Plate Volcanism In The Pacific Northwest' PRAC allocation support by the National Science Foundation (award number ACI 1516586). This work also used the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE), which is supported by National Science Foundation grant number ACI-1548562." Figure 4 and the Acknowledgements section have been updated in the online version of the Article.

Investigation of the High-Energy Oxidation of FiberForm from DSMC Analysis of Molecular Beam Experiments

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Borner, A.; Swaminathan-Gopalan, K.; Stephani, Kelly; Poovathingal, S.; Murray, V. J.; Minton, T. K.; Panerai, F.; Mansour, N. N.

2017-01-01

A collaborative effort between the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), NASA Ames Research Center (ARC) and Montana State University (MSU) succeeded at developing a new finite-rate carbon oxidation model from molecular beam scattering experiments on vitreous carbon (VC). We now aim to use the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) code SPARTA to apply the model to each fiber of the porous fibrous Thermal Protection Systems (TPS) material FiberForm (FF). The detailed micro-structure of FF was obtained from X-ray micro-tomography and then used in DSMC. Both experiments and simulations show that the CO/O products ratio increased at all temperatures from VC to FF. We postulate this is due to the larger number of collisions an O atom encounters inside the porous FF material compared to the flat surface of VC. For the simulations, we particularly focused on the lowest and highest temperatures studied experimentally, 1023 K and 1823 K, and found good agreement between the finite-rate DSMC simulations and experiments.

Data Curation Education in Research Centers (DCERC)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Marlino, M. R.; Mayernik, M. S.; Kelly, K.; Allard, S.; Tenopir, C.; Palmer, C.; Varvel, V. E., Jr.

2012-12-01

Digital data both enable and constrain scientific research. Scientists are enabled by digital data to develop new research methods, utilize new data sources, and investigate new topics, but they also face new data collection, management, and preservation burdens. The current data workforce consists primarily of scientists who receive little formal training in data management and data managers who are typically educated through on-the-job training. The Data Curation Education in Research Centers (DCERC) program is investigating a new model for educating data professionals to contribute to scientific research. DCERC is a collaboration between the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Graduate School of Library and Information Science, the University of Tennessee School of Information Sciences, and the National Center for Atmospheric Research. The program is organized around a foundations course in data curation and provides field experiences in research and data centers for both master's and doctoral students. This presentation will outline the aims and the structure of the DCERC program and discuss results and lessons learned from the first set of summer internships in 2012. Four masters students participated and worked with both data mentors and science mentors, gaining first hand experiences in the issues, methods, and challenges of scientific data curation. They engaged in a diverse set of topics, including climate model metadata, observational data management workflows, and data cleaning, documentation, and ingest processes within a data archive. The students learned current data management practices and challenges while developing expertise and conducting research. They also made important contributions to NCAR data and science teams by evaluating data management workflows and processes, preparing data sets to be archived, and developing recommendations for particular data management activities. The master's student interns will return in summer of 2013, and two Ph.D. students will conduct data curation-related dissertation fieldwork during the 2013-2014 academic year.

Vulnerability to the transmission of human visceral leishmaniasis in a Brazilian urban area.

PubMed

Toledo, Celina Roma Sánchez de; Almeida, Andréa Sobral de; Chaves, Sergio Augusto de Miranda; Sabroza, Paulo Chagastelles; Toledo, Luciano Medeiros; Caldas, Jefferson Pereira

2017-05-15

To analyze the determinants for the occurrence of human visceral leishmaniasis linked to the conditions of vulnerability. This is an ecological study, whose spatial analysis unit was the Territorial Analysis Unit in Araguaína, State of Tocantins, Brazil, from 2007 to 2012. We have carried out an analysis of the sociodemographic and urban infrastructure situation of the municipality. Normalized primary indicators were calculated and used to construct the indicators of vulnerability of the social structure, household structure, and urban infrastructure. From them, we have composed a vulnerability index. Kernel density estimation was used to evaluate the density of cases of human visceral leishmaniasis, based on the coordinates of the cases. Bivariate global Moran's I was used to verify the existence of spatial autocorrelation between the incidence of human visceral leishmaniasis and the indicators and index of vulnerability. Bivariate local Moran's I was used to identify spatial clusters. We have observed a pattern of centrifugal spread of human visceral leishmaniasis in the municipality, where outbreaks of the disease have progressively reached central and peri-urban areas. There has been no correlation between higher incidences of human visceral leishmaniasis and worse living conditions. Statistically significant clusters have been observed between the incidences of human visceral leishmaniasis in both periods analyzed (2007 to 2009 and 2010 to 2012) and the indicators and index of vulnerability. The environment in circumscribed areas helps as protection factor or increases the local vulnerability to the occurrence of human visceral leishmaniasis. The use of methodology that analyzes the conditions of life of the population and the spatial distribution of human visceral leishmaniasis is essential to identify the most vulnerable areas to the spread/maintenance of the disease. Analisar determinantes para a ocorrência da leishmaniose visceral humana vinculados às condições de vulnerabilidade. Estudo ecológico, cuja unidade de análise espacial foi a Unidade de Análise Territorial em Araguaína, TO, de 2007 a 2012. Foi realizada análise da situação sociodemográfica e de infraestrutura urbana no município. Indicadores primários normalizados foram calculados e utilizados na construção de indicadores de vulnerabilidade de estrutura social, de estrutura domiciliar e de infraestrutura urbana. A partir deles, foi composto um índice de vulnerabilidade. A estimativa de Kernel foi utilizada para avaliar a densidade de casos de leishmaniose visceral humana, com base nas coordenadas dos casos. O I-Moran Global Bivariado foi empregado para verificar a existência de autocorrelação espacial entre a incidência de leishmaniose visceral humana e os indicadores e índice de vulnerabilidade. I-Moran Local Bivariado foi utilizado para identificar clusters espaciais. Foi observado um padrão de disseminação centrífuga da leishmaniose visceral humana no município, em que surtos da doença atingiram progressivamente áreas centrais e periurbanas. Houve correlação entre maiores incidências de leishmaniose visceral humana e piores condições de vida. Foram observados clusters estatisticamente significativos entre as incidências de leishmaniose visceral humana nos dois períodos analisados (2007 a 2009 e 2010 a 2012) e os indicadores e índice de vulnerabilidade. O ambiente em áreas circunscritas contribui como fator de proteção ou aumenta a vulnerabilidade local à ocorrência de leishmaniose visceral humana. O uso de metodologia que analisa as condições de vida da população e distribuição espacial da leishmaniose visceral humana é essencial na identificação de áreas mais vulneráveis à disseminação/manutenção da doença.

Center for Defect Physics - Energy Frontier Research Center (A "Life at the Frontiers of Energy Research" contest entry from the 2011 Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRCs) Summit and Forum)

ScienceCinema

Stocks, G. Malcolm (Director, Center for Defect Physics in Structural Materials); CDP Staff

2017-12-09

'Center for Defect Physics - Energy Frontier Research Center' was submitted by the Center for Defect Physics (CDP) to the 'Life at the Frontiers of Energy Research' video contest at the 2011 Science for Our Nation's Energy Future: Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRCs) Summit and Forum. Twenty-six EFRCs created short videos to highlight their mission and their work. CDP is directed by G. Malcolm Stocks at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and is a partnership of scientists from nine institutions: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (lead); Ames Laboratory; Brown University; University of California, Berkeley; Carnegie Mellon University; University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Ohio State University; and University of Tennessee. The Office of Basic Energy Sciences in the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science established the 46 Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRCs) in 2009. These collaboratively-organized centers conduct fundamental research focused on 'grand challenges' and use-inspired 'basic research needs' recently identified in major strategic planning efforts by the scientific community. The overall purpose is to accelerate scientific progress toward meeting the nation's critical energy challenges.

Astrochemistry Lecture and Laboratory Courses at the University of Illinois: Applied Spectroscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Woon, David E.; McCall, Benjamin J.

2016-06-01

The Department of Chemistry at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign offers two courses in astrochemistry, one lecture (Chem 450) and one laboratory (Chem 451). Both courses present the opportunity for advanced undergraduate and graduate students to learn about various spectroscopic concepts as they are applied toward an exotic subject, astrochemistry. In the lecture course, each student devotes a substantial fraction of the course work to one of the known astromolecules, building a wiki page for it during the semester, presenting a brief oral description about it in class, and then finally writing a paper about it. The course covers electronic, vibrational, and rotational spectroscopy, along with Einstein coefficients, line widths, and the interpretation of actual astronomical spectra. It also covers relevant reactions and reaction networks. Students learn to use pgopher for modeling rotational spectra. The lab course focuses on the methylidyne radical (CH). It begins with its chemistry and spectroscopy and then moves on to laboratory study of its electronic spectrum as observed in a butane flame and then collected with the university's 12" f/15 Brashear refracting telescope in the campus observatory built in 1896. Students learn to use IGOR to reduce CCD data.

Numerical Characterization of Wall Recycling Conditions of the HIDRA Stellarator using EMC3-EIRENE

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Marcinko, Steven; Curreli, Davide

2015-11-01

The wall recycling conditions created by energetic bombardment of plasma-facing components (PFCs) are of critical importance to determining the plasma and impurity profile in the edge region of a magnetically confined plasma. In this work a pre-online numerical characterization of the edge plasma in HIDRA has been carried out. HIDRA is the former WEGA experiment, now relocated to the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Numerical simulations of the HIDRA edge environment are performed utilizing the 3D edge plasma and neutral transport code EMC3-EIRENE [Y. Feng J. Nucl. Mater 241-243, 930 (1997)]. In our analysis, emphasis is placed on the influence of the neutrals and the impurities on edge plasma profiles and thus on energy and particle fluxes impingent onto PFCs. We examine the effect of different wall types, comparing high recycling conditions to situations of low recycling. The effect of intrinsic impurity screening is also taken into account under the expected HIDRA operating regimes. We report the calculated particle confinement time and fluid moments of both plasma and neutrals at the low recycling regimes expected with lithium-based PFCs, and compare them with the high recycling regimes found with conventional metal-based PFCs.

Valuing preferences over stormwater management outcomes including improved hydrologic function

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

LondoñO Cadavid, Catalina; Ando, Amy W.

2013-07-01

Stormwater runoff causes environmental problems such as flooding, soil erosion, and water pollution. Conventional stormwater management has focused primarily on flood reduction, while a new generation of decentralized stormwater solutions yields ancillary benefits such as healthier aquatic habitat, improved surface water quality, and increased water table recharge. Previous research has estimated values for flood reduction from stormwater management, but no estimates exist for the willingness to pay (WTP) for some of the other environmental benefits of alternative approaches to stormwater control. This paper uses a choice experiment survey of households in Champaign-Urbana, Illinois, to estimate the values of several attributes of stormwater management outcomes. We analyzed data from 131 surveyed households in randomly selected neighborhoods. We find that people value reduced basement flooding more than reductions in yard or street flooding, but WTP for basement flood reduction in the area only exists if individuals are currently experiencing significant flooding themselves. Citizens value both improved water quality and improved hydrologic function and aquatic habitat from runoff reduction. Thus, widespread investment in low impact development stormwater solutions could have very large total benefits, and stormwater managers should be wary of policies and infrastructure plans that reduce flooding at the expense of water quality and aquatic habitat.

The State of the Unit: A documentary film about the kilogram

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Young, Amy

2012-02-01

The definition of the SI unit of mass is based on the international prototype of the kilogram, created in 1879 [1]. In the next years, metrologists will redefine the kilogram in relation to fundamental physical constants [2]. Intended for a general audience, the forthcoming documentary, The State of the Unit: The Kilogram, presents the history of the kilogram, interviews with researchers at national metrology institutes in the U.S., France, and Germany, and everyday mass measurement activities at varying scales. Excerpts of the film will be shown, and followed by a discussion with the filmmaker about the project to date. This film is supported in part by the Materials Computation Center at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the California Institute of the Arts, Valencia, California, and La F'emis, Paris, France.[4pt] [1] The Kilogram and Measurements of Mass and Force, Z. J. Jabbour and S. L. Yaniv. J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. 106, 25--46 (2001).[0pt] [2] Redefining the SI Base Units, Peter Mohr. National Institute of Standards and Technology website. November 1, 2011. http://www.nist.gov/pml/newsletter/siredef.cfm. Accessed November 3, 2011.

Automated insertion of sequences into a ribosomal RNA alignment: An application of computational linguistics in molecular biology

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Taylor, R.C.

This thesis involved the construction of (1) a grammar that incorporates knowledge on base invariancy and secondary structure in a molecule and (2) a parser engine that uses the grammar to position bases into the structural subunits of the molecule. These concepts were combined with a novel pinning technique to form a tool that semi-automates insertion of a new species into the alignment for the 16S rRNA molecule (a component of the ribosome) maintained by Dr. Carl Woese's group at the University of Illinois at Urbana. The tool was tested on species extracted from the alignment and on a groupmore » of entirely new species. The results were very encouraging, and the tool should be substantial aid to the curators of the 16S alignment. The construction of the grammar was itself automated, allowing application of the tool to alignments for other molecules. The logic programming language Prolog was used to construct all programs involved. The computational linguistics approach used here was found to be a useful way to attach the problem of insertion into an alignment.« less

Automated insertion of sequences into a ribosomal RNA alignment: An application of computational linguistics in molecular biology

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Taylor, Ronald C.

This thesis involved the construction of (1) a grammar that incorporates knowledge on base invariancy and secondary structure in a molecule and (2) a parser engine that uses the grammar to position bases into the structural subunits of the molecule. These concepts were combined with a novel pinning technique to form a tool that semi-automates insertion of a new species into the alignment for the 16S rRNA molecule (a component of the ribosome) maintained by Dr. Carl Woese`s group at the University of Illinois at Urbana. The tool was tested on species extracted from the alignment and on a groupmore » of entirely new species. The results were very encouraging, and the tool should be substantial aid to the curators of the 16S alignment. The construction of the grammar was itself automated, allowing application of the tool to alignments for other molecules. The logic programming language Prolog was used to construct all programs involved. The computational linguistics approach used here was found to be a useful way to attach the problem of insertion into an alignment.« less

Center for Defect Physics - Energy Frontier Research Center (A "Life at the Frontiers of Energy Research" contest entry from the 2011 Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRCs) Summit and Forum)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Stocks, G. Malcolm; Ice, Gene

"Center for Defect Physics - Energy Frontier Research Center" was submitted by the Center for Defect Physics (CDP) to the "Life at the Frontiers of Energy Research" video contest at the 2011 Science for Our Nation's Energy Future: Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRCs) Summit and Forum. Twenty-six EFRCs created short videos to highlight their mission and their work. CDP is directed by G. Malcolm Stocks at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and is a partnership of scientists from eight institutions: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (lead); Ames Laboratory; University of California, Berkeley; Carnegie Mellon University; University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; Ohio State University;more » University of Georgia and University of Tennessee. The Office of Basic Energy Sciences in the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science established the 46 Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRCs) in 2009. These collaboratively-organized centers conduct fundamental research focused on 'grand challenges' and use-inspired 'basic research needs' recently identified in major strategic planning efforts by the scientific community. The overall purpose is to accelerate scientific progress toward meeting the nation's critical energy challenges.« less

KnowEnG: a knowledge engine for genomics.

PubMed

Sinha, Saurabh; Song, Jun; Weinshilboum, Richard; Jongeneel, Victor; Han, Jiawei

2015-11-01

We describe here the vision, motivations, and research plans of the National Institutes of Health Center for Excellence in Big Data Computing at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. The Center is organized around the construction of "Knowledge Engine for Genomics" (KnowEnG), an E-science framework for genomics where biomedical scientists will have access to powerful methods of data mining, network mining, and machine learning to extract knowledge out of genomics data. The scientist will come to KnowEnG with their own data sets in the form of spreadsheets and ask KnowEnG to analyze those data sets in the light of a massive knowledge base of community data sets called the "Knowledge Network" that will be at the heart of the system. The Center is undertaking discovery projects aimed at testing the utility of KnowEnG for transforming big data to knowledge. These projects span a broad range of biological enquiry, from pharmacogenomics (in collaboration with Mayo Clinic) to transcriptomics of human behavior. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Medical Informatics Association. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Integrated research training program of excellence in radiochemistry

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lapi, Suzanne

2015-09-18

The overall goal of this “Integrated Research Training Program of Excellence in Radiochemistry” is to provide a rich and deep research experience in state-of-the-art radiochemistry and in the fundamentals of radioisotopic labeling and tracer methodology to develop researchers who are capable of meeting the challenges of designing and preparing radiotracers of broad applicability for monitoring and imaging diverse biological systems and environmental processes. This program was based in the Departments of Radiology and Radiation Oncology at Washington University Medical School and the Department of Chemistry at the University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, and it was initially directed by Professormore » Michael J. Welch as Principal Investigator. After his passing in 2012, the program was led by Professor Suzanne E. Lapi. Programmatic content and participant progress was overseen by an Internal Advisory Committee of senior investigators consisting of the PIs, Professor Mach from the Department of Radiology at Washington University and Professor John A. Katzenellenbogen of the Department of Chemistry at the University of Illinois. A small External Advisory Committee to give overall program guidance was also constituted of experts in radiolabeled compounds and in their applications in environmental and plant science.« less

Maximizing output power of a low-gain laser system.

PubMed

Carroll, D L; Sentman, L H

1993-07-20

Rigrod theory was used to model outcoupled power from a low-gain laser with good accuracy. For a low-gain overtone cw HF chemical laser, Rigrod theory shows that a higher medium saturation yields a higher overall overtone efficiency, but does not necessarily yield a higher measurable power (power in the bucket). For low-absorption-scattering loss overtone mirrors and a 5% penalty in outcoupled power, the intracavity flux and hence the mirror loading may be reduced by more than a factor of 2 when the gain length is long enough to saturate the medium well. For the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign overtone laser that has an extensive database with well-characterized mirrors for which the Rigrod parameters g(0) and I(sat) were firmly established, the accuracy to which the reflectivities of high-reflectivity overtone mirrors can be deduced by using measured mirror transmissivities, measured outcoupled power, and Rigrod theory is approximatly ±0.07%. This method of accurately deducing mirror reflectivities may be applicable to other low-gain laser systems that use high-reflectivity mirrors at different wavelengths. The maximum overtone efficiency is estimated to be approximately 80%-100%.

International conference on "Photosynthesis Research for Sustainability-2016" : In honor of Nathan Nelson and Turhan Nejat Veziroğlu.

PubMed

Tsygankov, Anatoly A; Allakhverdiev, Suleyman I; Tomo, Tatsuya; Govindjee

2017-02-01

During June 19-26, 2016, an international conference ( http://photosynthesis2016.cellreg.org/ ) on "Photosynthesis Research for Sustainability-2016" was held in honor of Nathan Nelson and Turhan Nejat Veziroğlu at the Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, formerly Institute of Photosynthesis, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Pushchino, Russia. Further, this conference celebrated the 50th anniversary of the Institute. We provide here a brief introduction and key contributions of the two honored scientists, and then information on the conference, on the speakers, and the program. A special feature of this conference was the awards given to several young investigators, who are recognized in this Report. Several photographs are included to show the excellent ambience at this conference. We invite the readers to the next conference on "Photosynthesis and Hydrogen Energy Research for Sustainability-2017", which will honor A.S. Raghavendra (of University of Hyderabad), William Cramer (of Purdue University) and Govindjee (of University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign); it will be held during the Fall of 2017 (from October 30 to November 4), at the University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India. See < https://prs.science >.

Shedding New Light on Exploding Stars: Terascale Simulations of Nuetrino-Dreiven Supernovas and Their Nucleosynthesis

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dennis C. Smolarski, S.J.

Project Abstract This project was a continuation of work begun under a subcontract issued off of TSI-DOE Grant 1528746, awarded to the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. Dr. Anthony Mezzacappa is the Principal Investigator on the Illinois award. A separate award was issued to Santa Clara University to continue the collaboration during the time period May 2003 ? 2004. Smolarski continued to work on preconditioner technology and its interface with various iterative methods. He worked primarily with F. Dough Swesty (SUNY-Stony Brook) in continuing software development started in the 2002-03 academic year. Special attention was paid to the development and testingmore » of difference sparse approximate inverse preconditioners and their use in the solution of linear systems arising from radiation transport equations. The target was a high performance platform on which efficient implementation is a critical component of the overall effort. Smolarski also focused on the integration of the adaptive iterative algorithm, Chebycode, developed by Tom Manteuffel and Steve Ashby and adapted by Ryan Szypowski for parallel platforms, into the radiation transport code being developed at SUNY-Stony Brook.« less

Complete set of deuteron analyzing powers from d ⃗p elastic scattering at 190 MeV/nucleon

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sekiguchi, K.; Witała, H.; Akieda, T.; Eto, D.; Kon, H.; Wada, Y.; Watanabe, A.; Chebotaryov, S.; Dozono, M.; Golak, J.; Kamada, H.; Kawakami, S.; Kubota, Y.; Maeda, Y.; Miki, K.; Milman, E.; Ohkura, A.; Sakai, H.; Sakaguchi, S.; Sakamoto, N.; Sasano, M.; Shindo, Y.; Skibiński, R.; Suzuki, H.; Tabata, M.; Uesaka, T.; Wakasa, T.; Yako, K.; Yamamoto, T.; Yanagisawa, Y.; Yasuda, J.

2017-12-01

All deuteron analyzing powers for elastic deuteron-proton (d p ) scattering have been measured with a polarized deuteron beam at 186.6 MeV/nucleon. They are compared with results of three-nucleon Faddeev calculations based on the standard, high-precision nucleon-nucleon (N N ) potentials alone or combined with commonly used three-nucleon force (3 N F ) models such as the Tucson-Melbourne '99 or the Urbana IX. Predicted 3 N F effects localized at backward angles are supported only partially by the data. The data are also compared to predictions based on locally regularized chiral N N potentials. An estimation of theoretical truncation uncertainties in the consecutive orders of chiral expansion suggests that the observed discrepancies between this modern theory and the data could probably be explained by including chiral 3 N F 's in future calculations. A systematic comparison to the deuteron analyzing power data previously taken at incident energies from 70 to 294 MeV/nucleon clearly shows that not only the cross section but also the analyzing powers reveal growing 3 N F effects when the three-nucleon system energy is increased.

Cross-Training Laboratory Animal Care Personnel in Physically Separate Animal Facilities at a Land-Grant Institution.

PubMed

Henze, Tonja M; Allison, Sarah O; Criley, Jennifer M; Myers, Sara J; Goodly, Lyndon J

2016-01-01

The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign maintains physically separated animal care facilities under centralized management by the Division of Animal Resources. As part of a land-grant institution, the animal care and use program operates several animal units in key locations for specific disciplines within the campus, all of which have the core mission to teach, conduct research, and engage in public service. Populations of research animals vary with the levels of research funding, the number of research investigators on staff, research direction, and animal availability. Accordingly, the requirement for animal care staffing in each unit may vary widely also. To best use the existing animal care staff and remain fiscally responsible, cross-training of staff was implemented to allow staff to travel from units with small animal populations to units with larger populations or short-term staffing shortages. Here we detail and describe the system we used to assess the needs for cross-training, identify the staff to train, and implement the training plan. We believe this information will assist other programs, particularly those with large or complex organization (for example, land-grant institutions) that experience similar fluctuations in animal use.

NASA/DOD Aerospace Knowledge Diffusion Research Project. Report 27: The technical communication practices of engineering and science students: Results of the phase 3 academic surveys

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pinelli, Thomas E.; Barclay, Rebecca O.; Hecht, Laura M.; Kennedy, John M.

1994-01-01

This report describes similarities and differences between undergraduate and graduate engineering science students in the context of two general aspects of the educational experience. First, we explore the extent to which students differ regarding the factors that lead to the choice of becoming an engineer or a scientist, current satisfaction with that choice, and career-related goals and objectives. Second, we look at the technical communication practices, habits, and training of engineers and science (Physics) students. The reported data were obtained from a survey of students enrolled in the College of Engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Bowling Green State University, and Texas A&M University. The survey was undertaken as part of the NASA/DOD Aerospace Knowledge Diffusion Research Project. Data are reported for the following categories: student demographics; skill importance, skill training, and skill helpfulness; collaborative writing; computer and information technology use and importance, use of electronic networks; use and importance of libraries and library services; use and importance of information sources and products; use of foreign technical reports; and foreign language (reading and speaking) skills.

Lattice rotation vortex observed between polar nanoregions in relaxor-ferroelectric (1-x)Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3) O3-xPbTiO3 single crystal

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shao, Yu-Tsun; Zuo, Jian-Min

Domain walls (DWs) play a critical role in determining the polarization switching behavior in relaxor-based ferroelectric crystals. The domains in relaxor-ferroelectric crystals consist of polar nanoregions (PNRs) and their interface is poorly understood. Here, we report an energy-filtered (EF-) scanning convergent beam electron diffraction (SCBED) study for the identification of PNRs and determination of their interface. With the aid of electro dynamical diffraction simulation, nanometer-sized PNRs having monoclinic Pm (MC) symmetry in single crystal PZN- 8%PT were identified. Lattice rotation vortices having an average radius of 7 nm at the 50° DWs were revealed by maps of crystal orientations, domain configurations, symmetry breaking. Such measurements suggest the merging of 2D and 1D topological defects, with implications for domain-switching mechanisms in relaxor ferroelectric crystals. The interplay between polarization, charge, and strain degrees of freedom suggests a complex landscape of topological defects in ferroelectrics that may be explored for a new form of nanoscale ferroelectric devices. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

Partial-reflection studies of D-region winter variability. [electron density measurements

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Denny, B. W.; Bowhill, S. A.

1973-01-01

D-region electron densities were measured from December, 1972, to July, 1973, at Urbana, Illinois (latitude 40.2N) using the partial-reflection technique. During the winter, electron densities at altitudes of 72, 76.5, and 81 km show cyclical changes with a period of about 5 days that are highly correlated between these altitudes, suggesting that the mechanism responsible for the winter anomaly in D-region ionization applies throughout this height region. From January 13 to February 3, a pronounced wave-like variation occurred in the partial-reflection measurements, apparently associated with a major stratospheric warming that developed in that period. During the same time period, a traveling periodic variation is observed in the 10-mb height; it is highly correlated with the partial-reflection measurements. Electron density enhancements occur approximately at the same time as increases in the 10-mb height. Comparison of AL and A3 absorption measurements with electron density measurements below 82 km indicates that the winter anomaly in D-region ionization is divided into two types. Type 1, above about 82 km, extends horizontally for about 200 km while type 2, below about 82 km, extends for a horizontal scale of at least 1000 km.

Characterization of a Thermophilic Bacteriophage for Bacillus stearothermophilus1

PubMed Central

Saunders, Grady F.; Campbell, L. Leon

1966-01-01

Saunders, Grady F. (University of Illinois, Urbana), and L. Leon Campbell. Characterization of a thermophilic bacteriophage for Bacillus stearothermophilus. J. Bacteriol. 91:340–348. 1965.—The biological and physical-chemical properties of the thermophilic bacteriophage TP-84 were investigated. TP-84 was shown to be lytic for 3 of 24 strains of Bacillus stearothermophilus tested over the temperature range of 43 to 76 C. The latent period of TP-84 on B. stearothermophilus strain 10 was 22 to 24 min. TP-84 has a hexagonal head, 53 mμ in diameter and 30 mμ on a side; its tail is 130 mμ long and 3 to 5 mμ wide. The phage has an S5020,w of 436, and bands at a density of 1.508 g/cc in CsCl (pH 8.5). The diffusion coefficient of TP-84 was calculated to be 6.19 × 10−8 cm2/sec. From the sedimentation and diffusion data, a particle molecular weight of 50 million daltons was calculated for TP-84. The phage DNA has a base composition of 42% guanine + cytosine, deduced from buoyant density and melting temperature measurements. Images PMID:5903101

Groundwater evolution beneath Hat Yai, a rapidly developing city in Thailand

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lawrence, A. R.; Gooddy, D. C.; Kanatharana, P.; Meesilp, W.; Ramnarong, V.

2000-09-01

Many cities and towns in South and Southeast Asia are unsewered, and urban wastewaters are often discharged either directly to the ground or to surface-water canals and channels. This practice can result in widespread contamination of the shallow groundwater. In Hat Yai, southern Thailand, seepage of urban wastewaters has produced substantial deterioration in the quality of the shallow groundwater directly beneath the city. For this reason, the majority of the potable water supply is obtained from groundwater in deeper semi-confined aquifers 30-50 m below the surface. However, downward leakage of shallow groundwater from beneath the city is a significant component of recharge to the deeper aquifer, which has long-term implications for water quality. Results from cored boreholes and shallow nested piezometers are presented. The combination of high organic content of the urban recharge and the shallow depth to the water table has produced strongly reducing conditions in the upper layer and the mobilisation of arsenic. A simple analytical model shows that time scales for downward leakage, from the surface through the upper aquitard to the semi-confined aquifer, are of the order of several decades. Résumé. De nombreuses villes du sud et du sud-est de l'Asie ne possèdent pas de réseaux d'égouts et les eaux usées domestiques s'écoulent souvent directement sur le sol ou dans des canaux et des cours d'eau de surface. Ces pratiques peuvent provoquer une contamination dispersée de la nappe phréatique. A Hat Yai (sud de la Thaïlande), les infiltrations d'eaux usées domestiques sont responsables d'une détérioration notable de la qualité de la nappe phréatique directement sous la ville. Pour cette raison, la majorité de l'eau potable est prélevée dans des aquifères semi-captifs plus profonds, situés entre 30 et 50 m sous la surface. Cependant, une drainance à partir de la nappe phréatique sous la ville constitue une composante significative de la recharge de l'aquifère plus profond, ce qui aura, à long terme, des implications sur la qualité de l'eau. Les résultats fournis par des forages carottés et des piézomètres peu profonds sont présentés. La combinaison entre une concentration élevée en matières organiques, provenant de la recharge par les eaux usées domestiques, et la faible profondeur de la nappe a produit des conditions fortement réductrices dans le niveau supérieur et une mobilisation de l'arsenic. Un modèle analytique simple montre que les échelles de temps pour la drainance vers le bas, à partir de la surface au travers de l'imperméable supérieur vers l'aquifère semi-captif, sont de l'ordre de quelques dizaines d'années. Resumen. Muchas ciudades en el sur y sudeste de Asia carecen de sistemas de saneamiento, por lo que las aguas residuales urbanas son a menudo vertidas bien directamente al suelo o bien a canales de aguas superficiales. Esta práctica puede provocar la contaminación difusa de las aguas subterráneas someras. En Hat Yai, al sur de Tailandia, la percolación de aguas residuales urbanas ha producido un deterioro substancial de la calidad del acuífero somero sobre el que se sitúa la ciudad. Por ello, la mayor parte del suministro de agua potable se obtiene a partir de aguas subterráneas de acuíferos semiconfinados más profundos, localizados entre 30 y 50 m bajo la superficie. No obstante, el goteo desde el acuífero freático constituye una fracción importante de la recarga al acuífero profundo, hecho que tiene implicaciones en lo que respecta a la calidad del agua a largo plazo. Se presentan en este artículo los resultados de testigos de sondeos y de multi-piezómetros someros. El alto contenido en materia orgánica de las aguas urbanas, unido a la cercanía del nivel freático, ha producido la movilización de arsénico al crearse condiciones altamente reductoras. Un modelo matemático sencillo indica que el tiempo de tránsito desde la superficie hasta el acuífero semiconfinado es del orden de varias décadas.

Cyclic Steps and Antidunes : Relating Their Features to a Suspension Index

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yokokawa, M.; Kishima, Y.; Parker, G.

2010-12-01

Cyclic Steps and Antidunes : Relating Their Features to a Suspension Index Miwa Yokokawa (1), Yasushi Kishima (1), Gary Parker (2, 3) 1: Osaka Institute of Technology, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan 2: Dept. of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, U.S.A. 3: Dept. of Geology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, U.S.A. There are very few comparative studies of the differences in hydraulic conditions and morphologic features of bed- and water-surface-waves associated with cyclic steps and antidunes. In this study, the features of both the bed and the water surface, as well as hydraulic conditions are examined over the spectrum from antidune to cyclic steps. Experiments were performed using a flume at the Osaka Institute of Technology. The resultant features of the bedforms are as follows. In the case of antidunes, bed waves and water surface waves are in phase except when they collapse. Antidunes show several kinds of behavior; migrating downstream, standing, or migrating upstream. Upstream-migrating antidunes are divided into non-breaking, and breaking-types. Breaking antidunes appear alternatively with the plane bed state. Cyclic steps migrate upstream regularly associated with trains of hydraulic jumps, which divide each step. There is a significant change in water depth at the hydraulic jump, so that the phasing between the bed waves and water surface waves break at the each hydraulic jump. There is a kind of compromise between cyclic steps and antidunes, which we designate as “intermediate steps”. They move upstream and are associated with regular trains of hydraulic jumps. The jumps, however, occasionally collapse toward upstream. When this happens, bed waves move rapidly upstream; low-amplitude water surface waves and bed waves become in phase all over the bed shortly after the collapse. Then after some time, water surface waves become sufficiently prominent to yield regular hydraulic jumps. This cycle is then repeated.The hydraulic conditions for these bedfoms were examined using three non-dimensional parameters, i.e. the Froude Number, the Suspension Index, and the dimensionless particle size. The suspension index is a newly introduced parameter which is the ratio of the shear velocity divided by the settling velocity of the sediment (u*/Vs). Data from previous experimental studies are examined together with the present data in studying the characteristic regimes of bedform formation. In a diagram of Froude Number v.s. Suspension Index, antidunes, intermediate steps and cyclic steps can be divided along the axis of the Suspension Index. In the lowest range of the suspension index, downstream-migrating antidunes and upstream-migrating antidunes that do not break are found. The intermediate steps discussed above are located in the middle range. The highest range corresponds to cyclic steps and breaking antidunes. As described above, the Suspension Index can serve as a scale to quantify the spectrum between antidunes and cyclic steps. The use of the parameter also helps verify that suspension plays an important role in the formation and maintenance of cyclic steps.

Implementation of highly parallel and large scale GW calculations within the OpenAtom software

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ismail-Beigi, Sohrab

The need to describe electronic excitations with better accuracy than provided by band structures produced by Density Functional Theory (DFT) has been a long-term enterprise for the computational condensed matter and materials theory communities. In some cases, appropriate theoretical frameworks have existed for some time but have been difficult to apply widely due to computational cost. For example, the GW approximation incorporates a great deal of important non-local and dynamical electronic interaction effects but has been too computationally expensive for routine use in large materials simulations. OpenAtom is an open source massively parallel ab initiodensity functional software package based on plane waves and pseudopotentials (http://charm.cs.uiuc.edu/OpenAtom/) that takes advantage of the Charm + + parallel framework. At present, it is developed via a three-way collaboration, funded by an NSF SI2-SSI grant (ACI-1339804), between Yale (Ismail-Beigi), IBM T. J. Watson (Glenn Martyna) and the University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign (Laxmikant Kale). We will describe the project and our current approach towards implementing large scale GW calculations with OpenAtom. Potential applications of large scale parallel GW software for problems involving electronic excitations in semiconductor and/or metal oxide systems will be also be pointed out.

SHEDDING NEW LIGHT ON EXPLODING STARS: TERASCALE SIMULATIONS OF NEUTRINO-DRIVEN SUPERNOVAE AND THEIR NUCLEOSYNTHESIS

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Haxton, Wick

2012-03-07

This project was focused on simulations of core-collapse supernovae on parallel platforms. The intent was to address a number of linked issues: the treatment of hydrodynamics and neutrino diffusion in two and three dimensions; the treatment of the underlying nuclear microphysics that governs neutrino transport and neutrino energy deposition; the understanding of the associated nucleosynthesis, including the r-process and neutrino process; the investigation of the consequences of new neutrino phenomena, such as oscillations; and the characterization of the neutrino signal that might be recorded in terrestrial detectors. This was a collaborative effort with Oak Ridge National Laboratory, State University ofmore » New York at Stony Brook, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, University of California at San Diego, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Florida Atlantic University, North Carolina State University, and Clemson. The collaborations tie together experts in hydrodynamics, nuclear physics, computer science, and neutrino physics. The University of Washington contributions to this effort include the further development of techniques to solve the Bloch-Horowitz equation for effective interactions and operators; collaborative efforts on developing a parallel Lanczos code; investigating the nuclear and neutrino physics governing the r-process and neutrino physics; and exploring the effects of new neutrino physics on the explosion mechanism, nucleosynthesis, and terrestrial supernova neutrino detection.« less

Construction and Gluing of G10 Frames and Printed Circuit Boards to be used in COMPASS Drift Chamber 5

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Britto, Vivek

2014-09-01

COMPASS is a fixed-target nuclear physics experiment at CERN which explores the internal structure of the proton. One specific area of research is the measurement of single transverse spin asymmetries in pion beam induced Drell-Yan production of muon pairs from polarized proton targets. The spin dependence of the Drell-Yan cross section may be indicative of contributions from quark orbital angular momentum to the spin of the proton. The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), in collaboration with institutes in Taiwan, France, Italy and Germany, is designing and building a new drift chamber, DC5, to replace an aging detector in the COMPASS spectrometer. The frames supporting the anode wires and cathode planes in DC5 are constructed from G10, a fiberglass-epoxy composite. Once the individual sides of each frame have been milled, they are glued together at the corner lap joints. Additionally, printed circuit boards are glued to the anode frames, where sense and field wires will later be soldered. To maintain optimal operation of the drift chamber, the frame thickness after gluing must be within 50 μm of the design value. This presentation will explain the methods employed to achieve the required tolerances for this precision gluing process.

The MODIS reprojection tool

USGS Publications Warehouse

Dwyer, John L.; Schmidt, Gail L.; Qu, J.J.; Gao, W.; Kafatos, M.; Murphy , R.E.; Salomonson, V.V.

2006-01-01

The MODIS Reprojection Tool (MRT) is designed to help individuals work with MODIS Level-2G, Level-3, and Level-4 land data products. These products are referenced to a global tiling scheme in which each tile is approximately 10° latitude by 10° longitude and non-overlapping (Fig. 9.1). If desired, the user may reproject only selected portions of the product (spatial or parameter subsetting). The software may also be used to convert MODIS products to file formats (generic binary and GeoTIFF) that are more readily compatible with existing software packages. The MODIS land products distributed by the Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center (LP DAAC) are in the Hierarchical Data Format - Earth Observing System (HDF-EOS), developed by the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign for the NASA EOS Program. Each HDF-EOS file is comprised of one or more science data sets (SDSs) corresponding to geophysical or biophysical parameters. Metadata are embedded in the HDF file as well as contained in a .met file that is associated with each HDF-EOS file. The MRT supports 8-bit, 16-bit, and 32-bit integer data (both signed and unsigned), as well as 32-bit float data. The data type of the output is the same as the data type of each corresponding input SDS.

High power density superconducting rotating machines—development status and technology roadmap

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Haran, Kiruba S.; Kalsi, Swarn; Arndt, Tabea; Karmaker, Haran; Badcock, Rod; Buckley, Bob; Haugan, Timothy; Izumi, Mitsuru; Loder, David; Bray, James W.; Masson, Philippe; Stautner, Ernst Wolfgang

2017-12-01

Superconducting technology applications in electric machines have long been pursued due to their significant advantages of higher efficiency and power density over conventional technology. However, in spite of many successful technology demonstrations, commercial adoption has been slow, presumably because the threshold for value versus cost and technology risk has not yet been crossed. One likely path for disruptive superconducting technology in commercial products could be in applications where its advantages become key enablers for systems which are not practical with conventional technology. To help systems engineers assess the viability of such future solutions, we present a technology roadmap for superconducting machines. The timeline considered was ten years to attain a Technology Readiness Level of 6+, with systems demonstrated in a relevant environment. Future projections, by definition, are based on the judgment of specialists, and can be subjective. Attempts have been made to obtain input from a broad set of organizations for an inclusive opinion. This document was generated through a series of teleconferences and in-person meetings, including meetings at the 2015 IEEE PES General meeting in Denver, CO, the 2015 ECCE in Montreal, Canada, and a final workshop in April 2016 at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign that brought together a broad group of technical experts spanning the industry, government and academia.

On the Development of Hydrogen Isotope Extraction Technologies for a Full LiMIT-Style PFC Liquid Lithium Loop

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Christenson, Michael; Szott, Matthew; Stemmley, Steven; Mettler, Jeremy; Wendeborn, John; Moynihan, Cody; Ahn, Chisung; Andruczyk, Daniel; Ruzic, David

2017-10-01

Lithium has proven over numerous studies to improve core confinement, allowing access to operational regimes previously unattainable when using solid, high-Z divertor and limiter modules in magnetic confinement devices. Lithium readily absorbs fuel species, and while this is advantageous, it is also detrimental with regards to tritium inventory and safety concerns. As such, extraction technologies for the recovery of hydrogenic isotopes captured by lithium require development and testing in the context of a larger lithium loop recycling system. Proposed reclamation technologies at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) will take advantage of the thermophysical properties of the lithium-hydrogen-lithium hydride system as the driving force for recovery. Previous work done at UIUC indicates that hydrogen release from pure lithium hydride reaches a maximum of 7 x 1018 s-1 at 665 °C. While this recovery rate is appreciable, reactor-scale scenarios will require isotope recycling to happen on an even faster timescale. The ratio of isotope dissolution to hydride precipitate formation must therefore be determined, along with the energy needed to recoup trapped hydrogen isotopes. Extraction technologies for use with a LiMIT-style loop system will be discussed and results will be presented. DOE/ALPS DE-FG02-99ER54515.

Latest results and developments from the Hybrid Illinois Device for Research and Applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rizkallah, Rabel; Andruczyk, Daniel; Jeckell, Zachary Jon; Shone, Andrew John; Johnson, Daniel Scott; Allain, Jean Paul; Curreli, Davide; Ruzic, David N.; The Hidra Team

2017-10-01

The Hybrid Illinois Device for Research and Applications (HIDRA) is a five-period, l = 2, m = 5, toroidal fusion device operated at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC). It has a major radius R0 = 0.72 m and minor radius a = 0.19 m. Initial heating is achieved with 2.45 GHz electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) at an on-axis magnetic field of B0 = 0.087 T which can go as high as B0 = 0.5 T. HIDRA will mainly be used as a classical stellarator, but can also run as a tokamak. This allows for both steady-state and transient regime operations. Experiments on HIDRA will primarily tackle the issue of plasma-material interactions (PMI) in fusion, and focus on developing innovative plasma facing component (PFC) technologies. Currently, research on flowing liquid lithium PFCs meant to be tested inside the machine in real-time operation, is being carried on. The first experiments run on HIDRA started in early 2016 in the low field region. Now, HIDRA is also capable of running in the high field zone, allowing for more interesting experiments and meaningful outcomes. Here, we present some of the initial results coming from the machine.

Numerical characterization of the edge transport conditions and limiter fluxes of the HIDRA stellarator

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Marcinko, Steven; Curreli, Davide

2018-02-01

The Hybrid Illinois Device for Research and Applications (HIDRA) is a new device for education and Plasma-Material Interaction research at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. In advance of its first operational campaign, EMC3-EIRENE simulations have been run on the device. EMC3-EIRENE has been modified to calculate a per-plasma-cell relaxed Bohm-like diffusivity simultaneously with the electron temperature at each iteration. In our characterization, the electron temperature, diffusivity, heat fluxes, and particle fluxes have been obtained for varying power levels on a HIDRA magnetic grid, and scaling laws have been extracted, using constraints from previous experimental data taken when the device was operated in Germany (WEGA facility). Peak electron temperatures and heat fluxes were seen to follow a power-law dependence on the deposited radiofrequency (RF) power of type f (PR F)∝a PRF b , with typical exponents in the range of b ˜0.55 to 0.60. Higher magnetic fields have the tendency to linearize the heat flux dependence on the RF power, with exponents in the range of b ˜ 0.75. Particle fluxes are seen to saturate first, and then slightly decline for RF powers above 120 kW in the low-field case and 180 kW in the high-field case.

The relationship between academic performance and recreation use among first-year medical students.

PubMed

Slade, Alexander N; Kies, Susan M

2015-01-01

Self-care activities, including exercise, may be neglected by medical students in response to increasing academic demands. Low levels of exercise among medical students may have ripple effects on patient care and counseling. This study investigates the reciprocal role of recreation use and academic performance among first-year medical students. We combined retrospective administrative data from four cohorts of first-year medical students at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign from 2006 to 2010 (n=408). We estimated regression models to clarify the role of changes in recreation use before examinations on changes in academic performance, and vice versa. The use of recreation facilities by first-year medical students was highly skewed. We found that changes in recreation use before an exam were positively associated with changes in exam performance, and vice versa. Students who make large decreases in their recreation use are likely to decrease their exam scores, rather than increase them. Students who make decreases in their recreation, on average, are likely to decrease their exam scores. These findings suggest that medical students may be able to boost their achievement through wellness interventions, even if they are struggling with exams. We find no evidence that decreasing wellness activities will help improve exam performance.

The first IEC fusion industrial neutron generator and developments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sved, John

1999-06-01

Inertial Electrostatic Confinement fusion grade plasma containment has been sporadically researched since the early 1960's. In the 1990's the work of G. H. Miley and his team at the University of Illinios, Fusion Studies Laboratory, Champaign-Urbana has stimulated a collaboration with industry. The development and test program for the first industrial IEC neutron generator has progressed to the point where an endurance test is under way to demonstrate at least 10,000 hours of operational life of the sealed chamber device without servicing. The market entry goals of steady 107 D-D n/s CW output with an air-cooled system have been achieved. DASA has invested in the development of the industrial product and the continuing basic research at the UI-FSL. The complete DASA FusionStar IEC-PS1 point source neutron generator set is described with emphasis on the interfaces to user NAA systems. The next product developments are pulsed neutron operations and higher fusion reaction rates of up to 1010 by means of affordable add-ons to the basic IEC-PS system. The production engineering experience gained will next be applied to a more challenging line source variant of the IEC. Beyond neutron and proton sources, several other IEC applications are being developed.

Computational and theoretical modeling of pH and flow effects on the early-stage non-equilibrium self-assembly of optoelectronic peptides

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mansbach, Rachael; Ferguson, Andrew

Self-assembling π-conjugated peptides are attractive candidates for the fabrication of bioelectronic materials possessing optoelectronic properties due to electron delocalization over the conjugated peptide groups. We present a computational and theoretical study of an experimentally-realized optoelectronic peptide that displays triggerable assembly in low pH to resolve the microscopic effects of flow and pH on the non-equilibrium morphology and kinetics of assembly. Using a combination of molecular dynamics simulations and hydrodynamic modeling, we quantify the time and length scales at which convective flows employed in directed assembly compete with microscopic diffusion to influence assembly. We also show that there is a critical pH below which aggregation proceeds irreversibly, and quantify the relationship between pH, charge density, and aggregate size. Our work provides new fundamental understanding of pH and flow of non-equilibrium π-conjugated peptide assembly, and lays the groundwork for the rational manipulation of environmental conditions and peptide chemistry to control assembly and the attendant emergent optoelectronic properties. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, under Award # DE-SC0011847, and by the Computational Science and Engineering Fellowship from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

Investigating the 90-day oscillations using ground-based, satellite and TIME-GCM model simulation data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhao, Y.; Taylor, M.; Hagan, M. E.; Pautet, P. D.; Pugmire, J. R.; Pendleton, W. R., Jr.; Russell, J. M., III

2016-12-01

The Andes Lidar Observatory (ALO) is an upper atmospheric observatory located high in the Andes mountain range at Cerro Pachón, Chile (30.3°S, 70.7°W, 2530 m). The Utah State University (USU) Mesospheric Temperature Mapper (MTM) was deployed in August, 2009 collocated with a Na wind/temperature lidar and a meteor wind radar from University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) as well as other optical instrumentation. In this presentation, we focus on the characteristics of a unique 90-day oscillation identified in the first 18 months in both the mesospheric wind and temperature data from ALO. This event appeared to be long-lived but transient, with similar amplitude to the AO and SAO at this location. Additional mesospheric temperature data from nearby El Leoncito Observatory (31.8°S, 69.3°W), Argentina also showed the same oscillation. The existence and extent of this oscillation are being further examined using SABER/TIMED temperature. The National Center for Atmosphere Research (NCAR) Thermosphere-ionosphere-mesosphere-electrodynamics general circulation model (TIME-GCM) simulation of 2009/10 results are utilized to investigate the possible source of this event and the spatial structures are compared with the results from the SABER temperature data.

Analysis of Impact Induced Damage and its Effect on Structural Integrity of Space Flight Composite Overwrapped Pressure Vessels

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wnuk, Michael P.

1997-01-01

The objective of this research work has been to provide analytical background and support to the ongoing experimental program at NASA, White Sands Test Facility, involving testing composite overwrapped pressure vessels (COPV) for impact damage and cyclic pressurization. Preliminary theoretical basis, including the governing equations for a shallow shell subjected to internal pressure, has been established. Effects of the Griffith type cracks on the structural integrity of the cylindrical vessel were evaluated by methods of Fracture Mechanics. The results indicate that the effective mass of the pressure vessel is an important factor influencing the response to impact events. We also have found that the material properties of the target, contained in the constitutive equations of the composite attached to the Aluminum liner, dominate the impact event in the low velocity range, the material properties become less important, while the target mass distribution and the impactor mass become more significant as the velocity of the impactor increases. Therefore, at high-velocity impact it is not only the kinetic energy of the impactor but also its mass which has a significant effect on the dynamics of the event, and consequently on the induced damage. This work also suggests a methodology for an assessment of the rate of loading effects on the degradation of the material toughness associated with a high-velocity impact where the rate effects become significant. To model the rate dependence of the material response a viscoelastic-plastic constitutive equations were assumed, and on this basis predictions are made regarding the rate dependent material resistance curve. Other dynamic phenomena associated with the impact event have been treated in the framework of the Computational Mechanics using the courtesy of Prof. P. Guebelle and his graduate student at University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign who have an access to a super-fast computer located on their campus. Finally, the guidelines for a follow-up research program are provided in the body of this report. They address three major areas: theoretical research, numerical studies, and further experimental work.

Effect of antioxidant inclusion and oil quality on broiler performance, meat quality, and lipid oxidation.

PubMed

Tavárez, M A; Boler, D D; Bess, K N; Zhao, J; Yan, F; Dilger, A C; McKeith, F K; Killefer, J

2011-04-01

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of antioxidant inclusion and oil quality on broiler performance, meat quality, shelf life, and tissue oxidative status. Ross 308 male broilers were allotted to a randomized complete block design in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Factors consisted of antioxidant (ethoxyquin and propyl gallate) inclusion at 2 levels (0 or 135 mg/kg) and oil quality (fresh soybean oil, control diet peroxide value <1 mEq/kg, or oxidized soybean oil, diet peroxide value 7 mEq/kg). Each treatment included 12 pen replicates comprising 24 birds for a total of 1,152 birds on trial allotted to 48 pens. On the final day of the study, 1 bird from each pen was killed by cervical dislocation and used for determination of tissue oxidative status. Another 5 broilers from each pen were processed at a commercial slaughtering facility. Immediately after processing, carcasses were transported to the University of Illinois Meat Science Laboratory (Urbana) for further analysis. With the exception of 2 responses (liver vitamin A and serum vitamin A), no interactions were found between antioxidant inclusion and oil quality. Body weight and weight gain were increased by dietary antioxidant inclusion (P < 0.001) and fresh oil (P < 0.001). Feed intake was increased in broilers fed the antioxidant (P = 0.047) and fresh oil (P = 0.062). Antioxidant inclusion had no effect on G:F (P = 0.18). Antioxidant supplementation had no effect on carcass weight (P = 0.202), dressing percentage (P = 0.906), breast yield (P = 0.708), or breast ultimate pH (P = 0.625) and had minimal effect on breast color. Antioxidant supplementation (P = 0.057) reduced breast thiobarbituric acid reactive substances after 7 d of display. Fresh oil decreased liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, whereas antioxidant inclusion increased serum and liver vitamin A and E concentration. The presence of an antioxidant in the feed protects lipids from further oxidizing, therefore increasing broiler performance and improving shelf life when using oxidized oil.

Inter-comparison of Flux-Gradient and Relaxed Eddy Accumulation Methods for Measuring Ammonia Flux Above a Corn Canopy in Central Illinois, USA

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nelson, A. J.; Koloutsou-Vakakis, S.; Rood, M. J.; Lichiheb, N.; Heuer, M.; Myles, L.

2017-12-01

Ammonia (NH3) is a precursor to fine particulate matter (PM) in the ambient atmosphere. Agricultural activities represent over 80% of anthropogenic emissions of NH3 in the United States. The use of nitrogen-based fertilizers contribute > 50% of total NH3 emissions in central Illinois. The U.S. EPA Science Advisory Board has called for improved methods to measure, model, and report atmospheric NH3 concentrations and emissions from agriculture. High uncertainties in the temporal and spatial distribution of NH3 emissions contribute to poor performance of air quality models in predicting ambient PM concentrations. This study reports and compares NH­3 flux measurements of differing temporal resolution obtained with two methods: relaxed eddy accumulation (REA) and flux-gradient (FG). REA and FG systems were operated concurrently above a corn canopy at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) Energy Biosciences Institute (EBI) Energy Farm during the 2014 corn-growing season. The REA system operated during daytime, providing average fluxes over four-hour sampling intervals, where time resolution was limited by detection limit of denuders. The FG system employed a cavity ring-down spectrometer, and was operated continuously, reporting 30 min flux averages. A flux-footprint evaluation was used for quality control, resulting in 1,178 qualified FG measurements, 82 of which were coincident with REA measurements. Similar emission trends were observed with both systems, with peak NH3 emission observed one week after fertilization. For all coincident samples, mean NH3 flux was 205 ± 300 ng-N-m2s-1 and 110 ± 256 ng-N-m2s-1 as measured with REA and FG, respectively, where positive flux indicates emission. This is the first reported inter-comparison of REA and FG methods as used for quantifying NH3 fluxes from cropland. Preliminary analysis indicates the improved temporal resolution and continuous sampling enabled by FG allow for the identification of emission pulses not observed using REA, however, the lower cost of equipment for REA makes it an attractive approach for sampling at multiple sites.

Downstream of downtown: urban wastewater as groundwater recharge

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Foster, S. S. D.; Chilton, P. J.

Wastewater infiltration is often a major component of overall recharge to aquifers around urban areas, especially in more arid climates. Despite this, such recharge still represents only an incidental (or even accidental) byproduct of various current practices of sewage effluent handling and wastewater reuse. This topic is reviewed through reference to certain areas of detailed field research, with pragmatic approaches being identified to reduce the groundwater pollution hazard of these practices whilst attempting to retain their groundwater resource benefit. Since urban sewage effluent is probably the only `natural resource' whose global availability is steadily increasing, the socioeconomic importance of this topic for rapidly developing urban centres in the more arid parts of Asia, Africa, Latin America and the Middle East will be apparent. L'infiltration des eaux usées est souvent la composante essentielle de toute la recharge des aquifères des zones urbaines, particulièrement sous les climats les plus arides. Malgré cela, une telle recharge ne constitue encore qu'un sous-produit incident, ou même accidentel, de pratiques courantes variées du traitement de rejets d'égouts et de réutilisation d'eaux usées. Ce sujet est passé en revue en se référant à certaines régions étudiées en détail, par des approches pragmatiques reconnues pour permettre de réduire les risques de pollution des nappes dues à ces pratiques tout en permettant d'en tirer profit pour leur ressource en eau souterraine. Puisque les effluents d'égouts urbains sont probablement la seule « ressource naturelle » dont la disponibilité globale va croissant constamment, l'importance socio-économique de ce sujet est évidente pour les centres urbains à développement rapide de l'Asie, de l'Afrique, de l'Amérique latine et du Moyen-Orient. La infiltración de aguas residuales es a menudo un componente principal de la recarga total en acuíferos ubicados en torno a zonas urbanas, especialmente en los climas más áridos. A pesar de ello, dicho componente todavía es una consecuencia secundaria (o incluso accidental) de diversas prácticas asociadas con la manipulación de las aguas residuales y con la reutilitzación de aguas depuradas. Este tema se revisa mediante referencias a ciertas áreas en las que existen investigación detallada de campo, identificando enfoques pragmáticos con el fin de reducir el riesgo de contaminación de las aguas subterráneas por tales prácticas, a la vez tratando de conservar los beneficios para los recursos del acuífero. Dado que los efluentes de aguas residuales urbanas son probablemente la única `fuente natural' cuya disponibilidad global se halla en del aumento, la importancia socioeconómica de este tema será evidente para los centros urbanos de rápido desarrollo en Asia, Latinoamérica y Oriente Medio.

Laboratory Experiments on Meandering Meltwater Channels

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fernandez, R.; Berens, J.; Parker, G.; Stark, C. P.

2017-12-01

Meandering channels of all scales and flowing over a wide variety of media have common planform patterns. Although the analogy in planform suggests there is a common underlying framework, the constitutive relations driving planform evolution through vertical incision/deposition and lateral migration differ from medium to medium. The driving processes in alluvial and mixed bedrock-alluvial meandering channels have been studied substantially over the last decades. However, this is not the case for meandering channels in other media such as ice or soluble rock. Here we present results from experiments conducted at the Ven Te Chow Hydrosystems Laboratory of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign on meltwater meandering channels. A rivulet is carved into an ice block and water is allowed to flow at a constant discharge. Planform evolution is analyzed with time lapse imaging and complemented with rubber molds of the channel once the experiment is over. These molds give us the full 3D structure of the meandering, including incisional overhang. Vertical incision rates are measured throughout the run by taking elevations along the channel, and these measurements are complemented with analysis from the molds. We show examples of meandering of intense amplitude with deep overhangs. Features resembling scroll bars document cyclically punctuated melting. We report on lateral migration rates, incision rates, sinuosity, channel depths, channel widths, reach averaged velocities, bend wavelengths and amplitudes and compare them to values reported in the literature for alluvial rivers.

Simulation of charge transport in ion channels and nanopores with anisotropic permittivity

PubMed Central

Mashl, R. Jay; Lee, Kyu Il; Jakobsson, Eric; Ravaioli, Umberto

2010-01-01

Ion channels are part of nature's solution for regulating biological environments. Every ion channel consists of a chain of amino acids carrying a strong and sharply varying permanent charge, folded in such a way that it creates a nanoscopic aqueous pore spanning the otherwise mostly impermeable membranes of biological cells. These naturally occurring proteins are particularly interesting to device engineers seeking to understand how such nanoscale systems realize device-like functions. Availability of high-resolution structural information from X-ray crystallography, as well as large-scale computational resources, makes it possible to conduct realistic ion channel simulations. In general, a hierarchy of simulation methodologies is needed to study different aspects of a biological system like ion channels. Biology Monte Carlo (BioMOCA), a three-dimensional coarse-grained particle ion channel simulator, offers a powerful and general approach to study ion channel permeation. BioMOCA is based on the Boltzmann Transport Monte Carlo (BTMC) and Particle-Particle-Particle-Mesh (P3M) methodologies developed at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. In this paper we briefly discuss the various approaches to simulating ion flow in channel systems that are currently being pursued by the biophysics and engineering communities, and present the effect of having anisotropic dielectric constants on ion flow through a number of nanopores with different effective diameters. PMID:20445807

SIMULATION OF ION CONDUCTION IN α-HEMOLYSIN NANOPORES WITH COVALENTLY ATTACHED β-CYCLODEXTRIN BASED ON BOLTZMANN TRANSPORT MONTE CARLO MODEL

PubMed Central

Toghraee, Reza; Lee, Kyu-Il; Papke, David; Chiu, See-Wing; Jakobsson, Eric; Ravaioli, Umberto

2009-01-01

Ion channels, as natures’ solution to regulating biological environments, are particularly interesting to device engineers seeking to understand how natural molecular systems realize device-like functions, such as stochastic sensing of organic analytes. What’s more, attaching molecular adaptors in desired orientations inside genetically engineered ion channels, enhances the system functionality as a biosensor. In general, a hierarchy of simulation methodologies is needed to study different aspects of a biological system like ion channels. Biology Monte Carlo (BioMOCA), a three-dimensional coarse-grained particle ion channel simulator, offers a powerful and general approach to study ion channel permeation. BioMOCA is based on the Boltzmann Transport Monte Carlo (BTMC) and Particle-Particle-Particle-Mesh (P3M) methodologies developed at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. In this paper, we have employed BioMOCA to study two engineered mutations of α-HL, namely (M113F)6(M113C-D8RL2)1-β-CD and (M113N)6(T117C-D8RL3)1-β-CD. The channel conductance calculated by BioMOCA is slightly higher than experimental values. Permanent charge distributions and the geometrical shape of the channels gives rise to selectivity towards anions and also an asymmetry in I-V curves, promoting a rectification largely for cations. PMID:20938493

Thermospheric nighttime wind and temperature analysis from some 2014 stormy nights monitored at Oukaimeden Observatory by RENOIR instrument

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bounhir, Aziza; Benkhaldoun, Zouhair; Kaab, Mohamed; Makela, Jonathan J.; Harding, Brian; Fisher, Daniel J.; Lagheryeb, Amine; Khalifa, Malki; Lazrek, Mohamed; Daassou, Ahmed

2015-08-01

In this paper we report on the thermospheric winds and temperatures over Oukaimeden Observatory in Morocco in some stormy nights during the year 2014. These results are based on Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) measurements of Doppler shifts and Doppler broadenings of the 630.0nm spectral emission and pertain to the lower thermosphere region, near 250km altitude. This FPI is a part of RENOIR experiment installed thanks to scientific cooperation program with university of Illinois Urbana (USA).The storm energy input modify the global circulation in the thermosphere resulting in significant changes in the ionospheric plasma properties. Thermospheric and ionospheric storms are closely connected.We first set up the climatological behavior of the thermospheric winds and temperature during quiet nights. These results will be presented in this session in a separate abstract (M. Kaab & Z. Benkhaldoun et al) . Then we investigate the departure of the winds and the temperatures from their climatological behavior during some magnetic storms. The winds present many features. We can notice westward winds and an enhancement of the equatorward winds with sometimes an appearance of a poleward component. We also notice a significant increase of the temperature that last several hours. By looking trough the geomagnetic indices we investigate the delay of thermospheric storm time in our region and its effects on the winds and temperature patterns.

Core-satellite populations and seasonality of water meter biofilms in a metropolitan drinking water distribution system

PubMed Central

Ling, Fangqiong; Hwang, Chiachi; LeChevallier, Mark W; Andersen, Gary L; Liu, Wen-Tso

2016-01-01

Drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs) harbor the microorganisms in biofilms and suspended communities, yet the diversity and spatiotemporal distribution have been studied mainly in the suspended communities. This study examined the diversity of biofilms in an urban DWDS, its relationship with suspended communities and its dynamics. The studied DWDS in Urbana, Illinois received conventionally treated and disinfected water sourced from the groundwater. Over a 2-year span, biomass were sampled from household water meters (n=213) and tap water (n=20) to represent biofilm and suspended communities, respectively. A positive correlation between operational taxonomic unit (OTU) abundance and occupancy was observed. Examined under a ‘core-satellite' model, the biofilm community comprised 31 core populations that encompassed 76.7% of total 16 S rRNA gene pyrosequences. The biofilm communities shared with the suspended community highly abundant and prevalent OTUs, which related to methano-/methylotrophs (i.e., Methylophilaceae and Methylococcaceae) and aerobic heterotrophs (Sphingomonadaceae and Comamonadaceae), yet differed by specific core populations and lower diversity and evenness. Multivariate tests indicated seasonality as the main contributor to community structure variation. This pattern was resilient to annual change and correlated to the cyclic fluctuations of core populations. The findings of a distinctive biofilm community assemblage and methano-/methyltrophic primary production provide critical insights for developing more targeted water quality monitoring programs and treatment strategies for groundwater-sourced drinking water systems. PMID:26251872

Core-satellite populations and seasonality of water meter biofilms in a metropolitan drinking water distribution system.

PubMed

Ling, Fangqiong; Hwang, Chiachi; LeChevallier, Mark W; Andersen, Gary L; Liu, Wen-Tso

2016-03-01

Drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs) harbor the microorganisms in biofilms and suspended communities, yet the diversity and spatiotemporal distribution have been studied mainly in the suspended communities. This study examined the diversity of biofilms in an urban DWDS, its relationship with suspended communities and its dynamics. The studied DWDS in Urbana, Illinois received conventionally treated and disinfected water sourced from the groundwater. Over a 2-year span, biomass were sampled from household water meters (n=213) and tap water (n=20) to represent biofilm and suspended communities, respectively. A positive correlation between operational taxonomic unit (OTU) abundance and occupancy was observed. Examined under a 'core-satellite' model, the biofilm community comprised 31 core populations that encompassed 76.7% of total 16 S rRNA gene pyrosequences. The biofilm communities shared with the suspended community highly abundant and prevalent OTUs, which related to methano-/methylotrophs (i.e., Methylophilaceae and Methylococcaceae) and aerobic heterotrophs (Sphingomonadaceae and Comamonadaceae), yet differed by specific core populations and lower diversity and evenness. Multivariate tests indicated seasonality as the main contributor to community structure variation. This pattern was resilient to annual change and correlated to the cyclic fluctuations of core populations. The findings of a distinctive biofilm community assemblage and methano-/methyltrophic primary production provide critical insights for developing more targeted water quality monitoring programs and treatment strategies for groundwater-sourced drinking water systems.

Cardiovascular exercise training extends influenza vaccine seroprotection in sedentary older adults: the immune function intervention trial.

PubMed

Woods, Jeffrey A; Keylock, K Todd; Lowder, Thomas; Vieira, Victoria J; Zelkovich, William; Dumich, Sara; Colantuano, Kim; Lyons, Kristin; Leifheit, Kurt; Cook, Marc; Chapman-Novakofski, Karen; McAuley, Edward

2009-12-01

To determine whether cardiovascular exercise training resulted in improved antibody responses to influenza vaccination in sedentary elderly people who exhibited poor vaccine responses. Single-site randomized parallel-arm 10-month controlled trial. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. One hundred forty-four sedentary, healthy older (69.9 +/- 0.4) adults. Moderate (60-70% maximal oxygen uptake) cardiovascular exercise was compared with flexibility and balance training. The primary outcome was influenza vaccine response, as measured according to hemagglutination inhibition (HI) anti-influenza antibody titer and seroprotective responses (HI titer > or =40). Secondary measures included cardiovascular fitness and body composition. Of the 160 participants enrolled, 144 (90%) completed the 10-month intervention with excellent compliance ( approximately 83%). Cardiovascular, but not flexibility, exercise intervention resulted in improvements in indices of cardiovascular fitness, including maximal oxygen uptake. Although not affecting peak (e.g., 3 and 6 weeks) postvaccine anti-influenza HI titers, cardiovascular exercise resulted in a significant increase in seroprotection 24 weeks after vaccination (30-100% dependent on vaccine variant), whereas flexibility training did not. Participants randomized to cardiovascular exercise experienced improvements in influenza seroprotection throughout the entire influenza season, whereas those in the balance and flexibility intervention did not. Although there were no differences in reported respiratory tract infections, the exercise group exhibited reduced overall illness severity and sleep disturbance. These data support the hypothesis that regular endurance exercise improves influenza vaccine responses.

Properties of a Purified Halophilic Malic Dehydrogenase

PubMed Central

Holmes, P. K.; Halvorson, H. Orin

1965-01-01

Holmes, P. K. (University of Illinois, Urbana), and H. Orin Halvorson. Properties of a purified halophilic malic dehydrogenase. J. Bacteriol. 90:316–326. 1965.—The malic dehydrogenase (MDH) from Halobacterium salinarium required high concentrations of monovalent ions for stability and activity. Studies of inactivation rates at different salt concentrations suggested that approximately 25% NaCl (w/v) is required to stabilize MDH. From 50 to 100% reactivation, depending on the salt concentration present during inactivation, could occur in 2.5 to 5 m NaCl or KCl. The optimal salt concentration for activity of MDH was a function of the pH, and ranged from 1 to 3 m NaCl or KCl. The effect of salt concentration on the pH-activity curves occurred chiefly below pH 7.0. Inactivation of MDH with heat or thiol reagents showed that the enzyme was more labile in the state induced by absence of salt. The activation of MDH by salts was attributed to a decreased rate of dissociation of MDH and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH2). The inactivation of the enzyme in the absence of salt could be largely prevented by the presence of NADH2. The S20.w of MDH decreased threefold at low salt concentrations. The enzyme was assumed to be in its native compact configuration only in the presence of a high concentration of salt. PMID:14329442

Pathways, Networks and Systems Medicine Conferences

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nadeau, Joseph H.

The 6th Pathways, Networks and Systems Medicine Conference was held at the Minoa Palace Conference Center, Chania, Crete, Greece (16-21 June 2008). The Organizing Committee was composed of Joe Nadeau (CWRU, Cleveland), Rudi Balling (German Research Centre, Brauschweig), David Galas (Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle), Lee Hood (Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle), Diane Isonaka (Seattle), Fotis Kafatos (Imperial College, London), John Lambris (Univ. Pennsylvania, Philadelphia),Harris Lewin (Univ. of Indiana, Urbana-Champaign), Edison Liu (Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore), and Shankar Subramaniam (Univ. California, San Diego). A total of 101 individuals from 21 countries participated in the conference: USA (48), Canada (5),more » France (5), Austria (4), Germany (3), Italy (3), UK (3), Greece (2), New Zealand (2), Singapore (2), Argentina (1), Australia (1), Cuba (1), Denmark (1), Japan (1), Mexico (1), Netherlands (1), Spain (1), Sweden (1), Switzerland (1). With respect to speakers, 29 were established faculty members and 13 were graduate students or postdoctoral fellows. With respect to gender representation, among speakers, 13 were female and 28 were male, and among all participants 43 were female and 58 were male. Program these included the following topics: Cancer Pathways and Networks (Day 1), Metabolic Disease Networks (Day 2), Day 3 ? Organs, Pathways and Stem Cells (Day 3), and Day 4 ? Inflammation, Immunity, Microbes and the Environment (Day 4). Proceedings of the Conference were not published.« less

My Scientific Journey: From an Agrarian Start to an Academic Setting.

PubMed

Bahr, Janice M

2017-02-08

This article is a combination of an autobiography and a review of outstanding research done by over 70 graduate students, postdoctoral fellows, and visiting scientists along with excellent collaborators during my over-40-year career as a professor of reproductive physiology at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. I have also shared thoughts on mentoring, how research has changed over the years, and the future of reproductive physiology. I provide the reader with a snapshot of the challenges faced by a woman eager to obtain a PhD under the guidance of renowned professors in the early 1970s and to be hired as the first woman, and the only permanent female faculty member, for more than 20 years on a faculty of 40 men. As a comparative reproductive physiologist, I describe the various animal models used because they were the best models to answer specific questions in reproduction. Also, my graduate students and postdoctoral fellows were given the freedom to identify their research topics, articulate hypotheses to be tested, and select appropriate animal models. This approach caused students to take ownership of their research, resulting in the development of independent and creative scientists and over 170 publications, excluding chapters in top-tier journals. Finally, I am so grateful for a truly rich life mentoring graduate students and postdoctoral fellows who have become my lifelong friends.

Effect of compost age and composition on the atrazine removal from solution.

PubMed

Tsui, Lo; Roy, William R

2007-01-02

Compost samples from two composting facilities, the Urbana (Illinois) Landscape Recycling Center (ULRC) and Illinois State University (ISU), were selected to examine the effect of compost age on atrazine removal from solution. The ULRC samples were made from yard waste without an additional nitrogen source. The ISU samples were made from yard waste or sawdust with the addition of manure. The 6-month-old ULRC compost had the greater capacity to remove atrazine from solution, which we attributed to its greater organic carbon content. The addition of nitrate into ULRC compost could influence the extent of atrazine removal, but did not have a significant impact on atrazine removal when applied to ISU compost, probably because manure was added to the yard waste to produce the compost. For both ULRC and ISU samples, the presence of sodium azide inhibited atrazine removal, suggesting that microbial activity contributed to the atrazine removal. Metabolic analysis demonstrated that hydroxyatrazine was the major identified metabolite that accumulated in solution before significant ring mineralization could occur. When compared with the ISU compost, the ULRC compost sample had a greater capacity to remove atrazine from solution during the 120 days of study because of the larger humic acid content. The experimental results suggested that less-mature compost may be better suited for environmental applications such as removing atrazine from tile-drainage waters.

Effect of compost age and composition on the atrazine removal from solution

USGS Publications Warehouse

Tsui, L.; Roy, W.R.

2007-01-01

Compost samples from two composting facilities, the Urbana (Illinois) Landscape Recycling Center (ULRC) and Illinois State University (ISU), were selected to examine the effect of compost age on atrazine removal from solution. The ULRC samples were made from yard waste without an additional nitrogen source. The ISU samples were made from yard waste or sawdust with the addition of manure. The 6-month-old ULRC compost had the greater capacity to remove atrazine from solution, which we attributed to its greater organic carbon content. The addition of nitrate into ULRC compost could influence the extent of atrazine removal, but did not have a significant impact on atrazine removal when applied to ISU compost, probably because manure was added to the yard waste to produce the compost. For both ULRC and ISU samples, the presence of sodium azide inhibited atrazine removal, suggesting that microbial activity contributed to the atrazine removal. Metabolic analysis demonstrated that hydroxyatrazine was the major identified metabolite that accumulated in solution before significant ring mineralization could occur. When compared with the ISU compost, the ULRC compost sample had a greater capacity to remove atrazine from solution during the 120 days of study because of the larger humic acid content. The experimental results suggested that less-mature compost may be better suited for environmental applications such as removing atrazine from tile-drainage waters. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Crop resources. [18 papers

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Seigler, D.S.

Eighteen papers originally presented as a symposium on Crop Resources at the 17th annual meeting of the Society for Economic Botany in Urbana, Illinois, June 13 to 17, 1976 comprise this book. The papers are: Potential Wealth in New Crops: Research and Development, L. H. Princen; Plant Introductions--A Source of New Crops, George A. White; Nonfood Uses for Commercial Vegetable Oil Crops, E. H. Pryde; New Industrial Potentials for Carbohydrates, F. H. Otey; The Current Importance of Plants as a Source of Drugs, Norman R. Farnsworth; Potentials for Development of Wild Plants as Row Crops for Use by Man, Arnoldmore » Krochmal and Connie Krochmal; Recent Evidence in Support of the Tropical Origin of New World Crops, C. Earle Smith, Jr.; Requirements for a Green Revolution, G. F. Sprague; How Green Can a Revolution Be, Jack R. Harlan; Increasing Cereal Yields: Evolution under Domestication, J. M. J. de Wet; Hevea Rubber: Past and Future, Ernest P. Imle; Horseradish--Problems and Research in Illinois, A. M. Rhodes; Dioscorea--The Pill Crop, Norman Applezweig; Plant Derivatives for Insect Control, Robert L. Metcalf; Evolutionary Dynamics of Sorghum Domestication, J. M. J. de Wet and Y. Shecter; The Origin and Future of Wheat, E. R. Sears; Current Thoughts on Origins, Present Status, and Future of Soybeans, T. Hymowitz and C. A. Newell; and The Origin of Corn--Studies of the Last Hundred Years, Garrison Wilkes. (MCW)« less

Use and abuse of the urban groundwater resource: Implications for a new management strategy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Drangert, J.-O.; Cronin, A. A.

Various human activities threaten the groundwater quality and resource under urban areas, and yet residents increasingly depend on it for their livelihood. The anticipated expansion of the world's urban population from 3 to 6 billion in the coming 50 years does not only pose a large water management threat but also provides an opportunity to conserve groundwater in a better way than up to now. The authors argue for a new way to manage urban activities in order to conserve the precious groundwater resource. The focus is on the quality of the discharged water after use in households. Restrictions on what is added to water while using it, e.g. detergents, excreta, paint residues, oils, and pharmaceuticals, are important to simplify the treatment and reuse of used water. Avoiding mixing different wastewater flows has the same positive effect. If increased volumes of wastewater can be treated and reused, the demand on the groundwater resource is reduced, as also occurs with demand management measures. Reduced discharge of polluted water to the environment from households and utilities also conserves the quality of groundwater and reduces sophisticated treatment costs. L'urbanisation conduit à une demande élevée et concentrée d'eau de qualité adéquate, accompagnée du rejet d'importants volumes correspondants d'eaux usées. La nourriture est importée dans les villes tandis que les micro-organismes et les nutriments provenant des excrétas humains sont rejetés dans les rivières, les lacs et aussi les eaux souterraines. De plus, une large gamme de biens de consommation est évacuée par les égouts. Les créances environnementales, c'est-à-dire l'appauvrissement des conditions environnementales qui demandera des apports humains et économiques pour la réhabilitation, sont habituelles dans toutes les villes, et pas seulement dans l'hémisphère sud, comme cela est indiqué dans le rapport sur l'alimentation en eau et la santé publique du monde (publié par l'OMS et UNICEF), établissant que la plupart des eaux résiduaires des zones urbaines reste non traitée (65% en Asie, 86% en Amérique latine et 100% en Afrique). La tâche à réaliser pour l'homme est de protéger les ressources en eau souterraine en sorte qu'elle reste disponible pour les habitants des villes dans le futur. Dans les prochaines 50 années, il faut s'attendre à ce que la population urbaine s'accroisse de 3 à 6 milliards de personnes selon les estimations des Nations Unies; aussi il est impératif de ne pas continuer à polluer les eaux souterraines sous les nouvelles zones urbaines en cours de construction. Dans cet article, nous analyserons la qualité des eaux souterraines et leur protection à la lumière des récents changements de politique de l'eau, c'est-à-dire de la gestion de l'alimentation en eau jusqu'à une gestion de la demande et en abordant éventuellement la période de gestion du recyclage. La urbanización lleva a una demanda elevada y concentrada de agua de calidad adecuada, acompañada por el vertido de volúmenes análogamente mayores de aguas residuales. Los alimentos se importan a ciudades donde los microorganismos y nutrientes de los excrementos humanos son descargados a ríos, lagos y, también, aguas subterráneas. Más aún, gran número de los bienes de consumo son eliminados vía las tuberías de las cloacas. Las deudas medioambientales, es decir, el empobrecimiento de las condiciones medioambientales, que requerirán de aportaciones humanas y económicas para rehabilitarlas, son comunes a todas las ciudades, sobretodo en el Hemisferio Sur, donde, según la Valoración Global de Suministro de Agua y Saneamiento (OMS y UNICEF), la mayor parte de las aguas residuales urbanas no son tratadas (65% en Asia, 86% en Latinoamérica, 100% en África). La tarea pendiente consiste en proteger los recursos de aguas subterráneas para que estén disponibles de forma rápida para los habitantes urbanos también el futuro. En los próximos 50 años, se espera que la población urbana aumente de 3,000 a 6,000 millones de personas, según estimaciones de las Naciones Unidas, por lo que es imperativo dejar de contaminar las aguas subterráneas existentes bajo las nuevas áreas urbanas en construcción. En este artículo, se escudriña la calidad de las aguas subterráneas y su protección a la luz de los cambios recientemente introducidos en las políticas del agua, esto es, desde la gestión de los abastecimientos de agua a la gestión de la demanda y, eventualmente, hastaa la gestión de la reutilitzación.

Viewpoints on the 2017 American Conference on Theoretical Chemistry

DOE PAGES

Goldsmith, Zachary K.; Provazza, Justin; Seritan, Stefan

2017-10-19

From July 17th to 21st, theoretical chemists from the United States and abroad gathered at Boston University to take part in the 2017 American Conference on Theoretical Chemistry (ACTC, http://meetatbu.com/actc). The ACTC grew out of a Gordon Research Conference held biennially from 1962 to 1970. The conference in its current form has been held every three years since 1972. The 2017 conference was chaired by Sharon Hammes-Schiffer (Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) and vice-chaired by Todd J. Martiń ez (Stanford Univ). David F. Coker of Boston University served as the Deputy Chair and Local Organizer. More than 30 professors atmore » the forefronts of their respective fields gave talks describing recent research developments. Additionally, over 170 students and postdocs contributed posters detailing their research efforts in theoretical chemistry and its numerous intersecting disciplines. This Viewpoint contains accounts of many of the talks given at the ACTC, delineated by the following concentrations: energy and electron transfer, materials and interfaces, quantum dynamics and spectroscopy, electronic structure, machine learning, and modeling in solution and biological environments. However, most talks could have easily been categorized under two or more of the concentrations listed, emblematic of the large and growing interdisciplinarity in the theoretical chemistry community. The 2017 ACTC was a demonstration of both the depth at which theoretical chemists are understanding fundamental phenomena and the large breadth of topics to which a theoretical chemistry perspective is being applied.« less

Assessing cultural validity in standardized tests in stem education

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gassant, Lunes

This quantitative ex post facto study examined how race and gender, as elements of culture, influence the development of common misconceptions among STEM students. Primary data came from a standardized test: the Digital Logic Concept Inventory (DLCI) developed by Drs. Geoffrey L. Herman, Michael C. Louis, and Craig Zilles from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. The sample consisted of a cohort of 82 STEM students recruited from three universities in Northern Louisiana. Microsoft Excel and the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) were used for data computation. Two key concepts, several sub concepts, and 19 misconceptions were tested through 11 items in the DLCI. Statistical analyses based on both the Classical Test Theory (Spearman, 1904) and the Item Response Theory (Lord, 1952) yielded similar results: some misconceptions in the DLCI can reliably be predicted by the Race or the Gender of the test taker. The research is significant because it has shown that some misconceptions in a STEM discipline attracted students with similar ethnic backgrounds differently; thus, leading to the existence of some cultural bias in the standardized test. Therefore the study encourages further research in cultural validity in standardized tests. With culturally valid tests, it will be possible to increase the effectiveness of targeted teaching and learning strategies for STEM students from diverse ethnic backgrounds. To some extent, this dissertation has contributed to understanding, better, the gap between high enrollment rates and low graduation rates among African American students and also among other minority students in STEM disciplines.

REVERSIBLE ACTIVATION FOR GERMINATION AND SUBSEQUENT CHANGES IN BACTERIAL SPORES1

PubMed Central

Lee, W. H.; Ordal, Z. John

1963-01-01

Lee, W. H. (University of Illinois, Urbana) and Z. John Ordal. Reversible activation for germination and subsequent changes in bacterial spores. J. Bacteriol. 85:207–217. 1963.—It was possible to isolate refractile spores of Bacillus megaterium, from a calcium dipicolinate germination solution, that were activated and would germinate spontaneously in distilled water. Some of the characteristics of the initial phases of bacterial spore germination were determined by studying these unstable activated spores. Activated spores of B. megaterium were resistant to stains and possessed a heat resistance intermediate between that of dormant and of germinated spores. The spontaneous germination of activated spores was inhibited by copper, iron, silver, or mercury salts, saturated o-phenanthroline, or solutions having a low pH value, but not by many common inhibitors. These inhibitions could be partially or completely reversed by the addition of sodium dipicolinate. The activated spores could be deactivated and made similar to dormant spores by treatment with acid. Analyses of the exudates from the variously treated spore suspensions revealed that whatever inhibited the germination of activated spores also inhibited the release of spore material. The composition of the germination exudates was different than that of extracts of dormant spores. Although heavy suspensions of activated spores gradually became swollen and dark when suspended in solutions of o-phenanthroline or at pH 4, the materials released resembled those found in extracts of dormant spores rather than those of normal germination exudates. Images PMID:16561987

A Road Less Traveled: An Editorial Career

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Antonoyiannakis, Manolis

2008-03-01

It has been said that no life is completed the way one had planned for it, and mine is no exception to that rule so far. When I was graduating with a BSc I was convinced I'd be doing physics research for the rest of my life -- and when I was getting my PhD I was sure I'd be teaching high school physics and helping others learn for the foreseeable future. Yet, 9 years later, I am not doing either of these as a full time job, and I've changed my mind a couple more times as to what career path (and broader lifestyle) would work best for me. In the intervening years, I've learnt to embrace change as a tool for carving my own path, and to be wary of the certainties that can tie oneself to a ``safe'' but uninspiring future. I studied at the University of Thessaloniki, Greece, and at Royal Holloway University of London (BSc); also at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (MSc) and at Imperial College London (PhD). After my PhD (and the national military service in Greece), I taught at high-school level for a couple of years in Crete, Greece. At the same time, I was science editor for Crete University Press, Greece's major university press. From there, I jumped onto the APS editorial boat: First to PRB (2003), then to PRL (2007), where I am now an Assistant Editor. I also have an adjunct research position at Columbia University.

Search for the ANSER (A "Life at the Frontiers of Energy Research" contest entry from the 2011 Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRCs) Summit and Forum

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wasielewski, Michael R.; ANSER Staff

2011-05-01

'Search for the ANSER' was submitted by the Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center (ANSER) to the 'Life at the Frontiers of Energy Research' video contest at the 2011 Science for Our Nation's Energy Future: Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRCs) Summit and Forum. Twenty-six EFRCs created short videos to highlight their mission and their work. ANSER, an EFRC directed by Michael Wasielewski at Argonne National Laboratory is a partnership of scientists from five institutions: Argonne National Laboratory, Northwestern University, University of Chicago, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, and Yale. The Office of Basic Energy Sciences in the U.S. Department of Energy'smore » Office of Science established the 46 Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRCs) in 2009. These collaboratively-organized centers conduct fundamental research focused on 'grand challenges' and use-inspired 'basic research needs' recently identified in major strategic planning efforts by the scientific community. The overall purpose is to accelerate scientific progress toward meeting the nation's critical energy challenges. At ANSER, the mission is 'to revolutionize our understanding of molecules, materials and methods necessary to create dramatically more efficient technologies for solar fuels and electricity production.' Research topics are: catalysis (water), electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, photoelectrocatalysis, solar photovoltaic, solar fuels, solar electrodes, photosynthesis, transportation fuels, bio-inspired, spin dynamics, hydrogen (fuel), ultrafast physics, interfacial characterization, matter by design, novel materials synthesis, charge transport, and self-assembly.« less

Autonomic Materials for Smarter, Safer, Longer-Lasting Batteries (A "Life at the Frontiers of Energy Research" contest entry from the 2011 Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRCs) Summit and Forum)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Thackeray, Michael M.

"Autonomic Materials for Smarter, Safer, Longer-Lasting Batteries" was submitted by the Center for Electrochemical Energy Science (CEES) to the "Life at the Frontiers of Energy Research" video contest at the 2011 Science for Our Nation's Energy Future: Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRCs) Summit and Forum. Twenty-six EFRCs created short videos to highlight their mission and their work. CEES, an EFRC directed by Michael Thackery at Argonne National Laboratory is a partnership of scientists from four institutions: ANL (lead), Northwestern University, Purdue University, and the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. The Office of Basic Energy Sciences in the U.S. Department ofmore » Energy's Office of Science established the 46 Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRCs) in 2009. These collaboratively-organized centers conduct fundamental research focused on 'grand challenges' and use-inspired 'basic research needs' recently identified in major strategic planning efforts by the scientific community. The overall purpose is to accelerate scientific progress toward meeting the nation's critical energy challenges. The mission of the Center for Electrochemical Energy Science (CEES) is "to create a robust fundamental understanding of the phenomena that control the reactivity of electrified oxide interfaces, films and materials relevant to lithium-ion battery chemistries". Research topics are: electrical energy storage, batteries, battery electrodes, electrolytes, adaptive materials, interfacial characterization, matter by design; novel materials synthesis, charge transport, and defect tolerant materials.« less

The broader the base, the taller the tower: including underserved minority students in the quest to explore the great beyond

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wilson-Comer, M.; Lindsey, R.; Banks, F.

The Saturday Academy for Space Science SASS a National Aeronautical and Space Administration NASA outreach program implemented at Chicago State University on the south side of Chicago brought space scientists into contact with underserved high school students The program included instruction in astronomy physics chemistry and mathematics Hands-on construction of telescopes allowed the students to gain insights into the development of tools needed for scientific investigation For thirty six Saturdays each year for three years African American Latino American and Asian American high school students took leadership roles in developing and carrying out space science research As a result of the program over one hundred students participated in overnight observations at the Yerkes Observatory In addition six students went to space camp at the NASA space center in Huntsville Alabama and twelve students took advantage of the space science program at the University of Illinois Urbana Champaign A number of the students who participated in the SASS program are currently graduating from high school and many of those are seeking college studies in various science disciplines Equally important was the degree of parent participation Parents of the students were intensely involved with the program they volunteered to chaperone field trips participated in meetings prepared snacks for students and staff and assisted students in projects and experiments Parents gained insights into the advantages of studying science and the demands on

Autonomic Materials for Smarter, Safer, Longer-Lasting Batteries (A "Life at the Frontiers of Energy Research" contest entry from the 2011 Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRCs) Summit and Forum)

ScienceCinema

Thackeray, Michael (Director, Center for Electrical Energy Storage); CEES Staff

2017-12-09

'Autonomic Materials for Smarter, Safer, Longer-Lasting Batteries' was submitted by the Center for Electrical Energy Storage (CEES) to the 'Life at the Frontiers of Energy Research' video contest at the 2011 Science for Our Nation's Energy Future: Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRCs) Summit and Forum. Twenty-six EFRCs created short videos to highlight their mission and their work. CEES, an EFRC directed by Michael Thackery at Argonne National Laboratory is a partnership of scientists from three institutions: ANL (lead), Northwestern University, and the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. The Office of Basic Energy Sciences in the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science established the 46 Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRCs) in 2009. These collaboratively-organized centers conduct fundamental research focused on 'grand challenges' and use-inspired 'basic research needs' recently identified in major strategic planning efforts by the scientific community. The overall purpose is to accelerate scientific progress toward meeting the nation's critical energy challenges. The mission of the Center for Electrical Energy Storage is 'to acquire a fundamental understanding of interfacial phenomena controlling electrochemical processes that will enable dramatic improvements in the properties and performance of energy storage devices, notable Li ion batteries.' Research topics are: electrical energy storage, batteries, battery electrodes, electrolytes, adaptive materials, interfacial characterization, matter by design; novel materials synthesis, charge transport, and defect tolerant materials.

Nuclear equation of state for core-collapse supernova simulations with realistic nuclear forces

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Togashi, H.; Nakazato, K.; Takehara, Y.; Yamamuro, S.; Suzuki, H.; Takano, M.

2017-05-01

A new table of the nuclear equation of state (EOS) based on realistic nuclear potentials is constructed for core-collapse supernova numerical simulations. Adopting the EOS of uniform nuclear matter constructed by two of the present authors with the cluster variational method starting from the Argonne v18 and Urbana IX nuclear potentials, the Thomas-Fermi calculation is performed to obtain the minimized free energy of a Wigner-Seitz cell in non-uniform nuclear matter. As a preparation for the Thomas-Fermi calculation, the EOS of uniform nuclear matter is modified so as to remove the effects of deuteron cluster formation in uniform matter at low densities. Mixing of alpha particles is also taken into account following the procedure used by Shen et al. (1998, 2011). The critical densities with respect to the phase transition from non-uniform to uniform phase with the present EOS are slightly higher than those with the Shen EOS at small proton fractions. The critical temperature with respect to the liquid-gas phase transition decreases with the proton fraction in a more gradual manner than in the Shen EOS. Furthermore, the mass and proton numbers of nuclides appearing in non-uniform nuclear matter with small proton fractions are larger than those of the Shen EOS. These results are consequences of the fact that the density derivative coefficient of the symmetry energy of our EOS is smaller than that of the Shen EOS.

BIOSYNTHESIS OF CHLORAMPHENICOL IV.

PubMed Central

Gottlieb, David; Carter, H. E.; Robbins, P. W.; Burg, R. W.

1962-01-01

Gottlieb, David (University of Illinois, Urbana), H. E. Carter, P. W. Robbins, and R. W. Burg. Biosynthesis of chloramphenicol. IV. Incorporation of carbon14-labeled precursors. J. Bacteriol. 84:888–895. 1962.—Metabolism of dl-phenylalanine stimulated antibiotic synthesis by Streptomyces venezuelae, and resulted in the fixation of carbons 1 and 2 into the carbonyl group of chloramphenicol. It probably occurs by the oxidation of these carbons to carbon dioxide, followed by incorporation. Carbon 3 and the adjacent ring carbon were found in the dichloromethyl and the carbonyl carbons, respectively, of the dichloroacetyl portion of the molecule. The phenyl group of the amino acid is not transferred to the ring in chloramphenicol. Another stimulatory amino acid, dl-norleucine, contributed carbon 2 only as the carbonyl carbon. dl-Leucine is metabolized so that two adjacent carbons appear as the carbons in the dichloroacetyl moiety of the antibiotic. From acetic acid, carbon 1 is found only in the carbonyl group of chloramphenicol; carbon 2 of the acid is more generally distributed among the ring and side chain of the p-nitrophenylserinol part of the antibiotic, but is in greatest concentration in the dichloroacetyl fraction. Formic acid and carbon dioxide also are transformed only to the carbonyl group. Glycerol, the main source of metabolized carbon in the medium, has a general role and contributes to all parts of the molecule. In addition, it has a specific role in supplying an intact three-carbon fragment which enters into the molecule of chloramphenicol as a unit. PMID:13949488

Trustworthy Cyber Infrastructure for the Power Grid (TCIPG) Final Technical Report - November 20, 2015

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sanders, William H.; Sauer, Peter W.; Valdes, Alfonso

The Trustworthy Cyber Infrastructure for the Power Grid project (TCIPG) was funded by DOE and DHS for a period of performance that ran from October 1, 2009 to August 31 2015. The partnership included the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (lead institution) and partner institutions Arizona State University (replacing original partner UC Davis when faculty moved), Dartmouth College, and Washington State University. TCIPG was a unique public-private partnership of government, academia, and industry that was formed to meet the challenge of keeping our power grid secure. TCIPG followed from the earlier NSF-funded TCIP project, which kicked off in 2005. Atmore » that time, awareness of cyber security and resiliency in grid systems (and in control systems in general) was low, and the term “smart grid” was not in wide use. The original partnership was formed from a team of academic researchers with a shared vision for the importance of research in this area, and a commitment to producing more impactful results through early involvement of industry. From the TCIPG standpoint, “industry” meant both utilities (investor-owned as well as cooperatives and municipals) and system vendors (who sell technology to the utility sector). Although TCIPG was a university-led initiative, we have from the start stressed real-world impact and partnership with industry. That has led to real-world adoption of TCIPG technologies within the industry, achieving practical benefits. This report summarizes the achievements of TCIPG over its period of performance.« less

Search for the ANSER (A "Life at the Frontiers of Energy Research" contest entry from the 2011 Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRCs) Summit and Forum

ScienceCinema

Wasielewski, Michael R. (Director, Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center); ANSER Staff

2017-12-09

'Search for the ANSER' was submitted by the Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center (ANSER) to the 'Life at the Frontiers of Energy Research' video contest at the 2011 Science for Our Nation's Energy Future: Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRCs) Summit and Forum. Twenty-six EFRCs created short videos to highlight their mission and their work. ANSER, an EFRC directed by Michael Wasielewski at Argonne National Laboratory is a partnership of scientists from five institutions: Argonne National Laboratory, Northwestern University, University of Chicago, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, and Yale. The Office of Basic Energy Sciences in the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science established the 46 Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRCs) in 2009. These collaboratively-organized centers conduct fundamental research focused on 'grand challenges' and use-inspired 'basic research needs' recently identified in major strategic planning efforts by the scientific community. The overall purpose is to accelerate scientific progress toward meeting the nation's critical energy challenges. At ANSER, the mission is 'to revolutionize our understanding of molecules, materials and methods necessary to create dramatically more efficient technologies for solar fuels and electricity production.' Research topics are: catalysis (water), electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, photoelectrocatalysis, solar photovoltaic, solar fuels, solar electrodes, photosynthesis, transportation fuels, bio-inspired, spin dynamics, hydrogen (fuel), ultrafast physics, interfacial characterization, matter by design, novel materials synthesis, charge transport, and self-assembly.

Electromagnetic Structure of A=2 and 3 Nuclei and the Nuclear Current Operator

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rocco Schiavilla

Different models for conserved two- and three-body electromagnetic currents are constructed from two- and three-nucleon interactions, using either meson-exchange mechanisms or minimal substitution in the momentum dependence of these interactions. The connection between these two different schemes is elucidated. A number of low-energy electronuclear observables, including (i) np radiative capture at thermal neutron energies and deuteron photodisintegration at low energies, (ii) nd and pd radiative capture reactions, and (iii) isoscalar and isovector magnetic form factors of {sup 3}H and {sup 3}He, are calculated in order to make a comparative study of these models for the current operator. The realistic Argonnemore » v{sub 18} two-nucleon and Urbana IX or Tucson-Melbourne three-nucleon interactions are taken as a case study. For A=3 processes, the bound and continuum wave functions, both below and above deuteron breakup threshold, are obtained with the correlated hyperspherical-harmonics method. Three-body currents give small but significant contributions to some of the polarization observables in the {sup 2}H(p,{gamma}){sup 3}He process and the {sup 2}H(n,{gamma}){sup 3}H cross section at thermal neutron energies. It is shown that the use of a current which did not exactly satisfy current conservation with the two- and three-nucleon interactions in the Hamiltonian was responsible for some of the discrepancies reported in previous studies between the experimental and theoretical polarization observables in pd radiative capture.« less

Viewpoints on the 2017 American Conference on Theoretical Chemistry

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Goldsmith, Zachary K.; Provazza, Justin; Seritan, Stefan

From July 17th to 21st, theoretical chemists from the United States and abroad gathered at Boston University to take part in the 2017 American Conference on Theoretical Chemistry (ACTC, http://meetatbu.com/actc). The ACTC grew out of a Gordon Research Conference held biennially from 1962 to 1970. The conference in its current form has been held every three years since 1972. The 2017 conference was chaired by Sharon Hammes-Schiffer (Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) and vice-chaired by Todd J. Martiń ez (Stanford Univ). David F. Coker of Boston University served as the Deputy Chair and Local Organizer. More than 30 professors atmore » the forefronts of their respective fields gave talks describing recent research developments. Additionally, over 170 students and postdocs contributed posters detailing their research efforts in theoretical chemistry and its numerous intersecting disciplines. This Viewpoint contains accounts of many of the talks given at the ACTC, delineated by the following concentrations: energy and electron transfer, materials and interfaces, quantum dynamics and spectroscopy, electronic structure, machine learning, and modeling in solution and biological environments. However, most talks could have easily been categorized under two or more of the concentrations listed, emblematic of the large and growing interdisciplinarity in the theoretical chemistry community. The 2017 ACTC was a demonstration of both the depth at which theoretical chemists are understanding fundamental phenomena and the large breadth of topics to which a theoretical chemistry perspective is being applied.« less

Molecular characterization of a feline calicivirus isolated from tiger and its pathogenesis in cats.

PubMed

Tian, Jin; Liu, Dafei; Liu, Yongxiang; Wu, Hongxia; Jiang, Yanmei; Zu, Shaopo; Liu, Chunguo; Sun, Xue; Liu, Jiasen; Qu, Liandong

2016-08-30

Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a virus that causes respiratory disease in cats. In this study, the FCV TIG-1 was isolated from Siberian tiger feces collected in 2014 in Heilongjiang Province, China. Phylogenetic analysis among TIG-1 and other FCVs showed that TIG-1 does not share the same lineage with other FCV isolates from Heilongjiang or other regions in China but is located in the same cluster with the FCV strain Urbana, which was isolated from the United States. The growth kinetics in vitro and the pathogenicity in cats between TIG-1 and the domestic cat-origin FCV strain F9 (vaccine strain) and strain 2280 were compared. We found that the growth kinetics of strains TIG-1 and 2280 were faster than that of strain F9 from 12h to 36h post-infection, indicating that strains TIG-1 and 2280 produce infectious virions and reach peak yields earlier. Challenge experiments in cats showed that TIG-1 grew faster than the other two strains in the lungs of cats and that TIG-1 is a virulent FCV with 100% morbidity and lethality. In addition, the histopathological results showed that the virulent TIG-1 strain directly led to severe lung tissue damage and indirectly led to intestinal damage. The results presented here show that a tiger-origin FCV exhibits high virulence in cats. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Emergent and Reemergent Arboviruses in South America and the Caribbean: Why So Many and Why Now?

PubMed

Marcondes, Carlos Brisola; Contigiani, Marta; Gleiser, Raquel Miranda

2017-05-01

Varios arbovirus han emergido y/o reemergido en el Nuevo Mundo en las últimas décadas. Los virus Zika y chikungunya, anteriormente restringidos a África y quizás Asia, invadieron el continente, causando gran preocupación; además siguen ocurriendo brotes causados por el virus dengue en casi todos los países, con millones de casos por año. El virus West Nile invadió rápidamente América del Norte, y ya se han encontrado casos en América Central y del Sur. Otros arbovirus, como Mayaro y el virus de la encefalitis equina del este han aumentado su actividad y se han encontrado en nuevas regiones. Se han documentado cambios en la patogenicidad de algunos virus que conducen a enfermedades inesperadas. Una fauna diversa de mosquitos, cambios climáticos y en la vegetación, aumento de los viajes, y urbanizaciones no planificadas que generan condiciones adecuadas para la proliferación de Aedes aegypti (L.), Culex quinquefasciatus Say y otros mosquitos vectores, se han combinado para influir fuertemente en los cambios en la distribución y la incidencia de varios arbovirus. Se enfatiza la necesidad de realizar estudios exhaustivos de la fauna de mosquitos y modificaciones de las condiciones ambientales, sobre todo en las zonas urbanas fuertemente influenciadas por factores sociales, políticos y económicos. © The Authors 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Computational Aerodynamic Analysis of Three-Dimensional Ice Shapes on a NACA 23012 Airfoil

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jun, GaRam; Oliden, Daniel; Potapczuk, Mark G.; Tsao, Jen-Ching

2014-01-01

The present study identifies a process for performing computational fluid dynamic calculations of the flow over full three-dimensional (3D) representations of complex ice shapes deposited on aircraft surfaces. Rime and glaze icing geometries formed on a NACA23012 airfoil were obtained during testing in the NASA Glenn Research Centers Icing Research Tunnel (IRT). The ice shape geometries were scanned as a cloud of data points using a 3D laser scanner. The data point clouds were meshed using Geomagic software to create highly accurate models of the ice surface. The surface data was imported into Pointwise grid generation software to create the CFD surface and volume grids. It was determined that generating grids in Pointwise for complex 3D icing geometries was possible using various techniques that depended on the ice shape. Computations of the flow fields over these ice shapes were performed using the NASA National Combustion Code (NCC). Results for a rime ice shape for angle of attack conditions ranging from 0 to 10 degrees and for freestream Mach numbers of 0.10 and 0.18 are presented. For validation of the computational results, comparisons were made to test results from rapid-prototype models of the selected ice accretion shapes, obtained from a separate study in a subsonic wind tunnel at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. The computational and experimental results were compared for values of pressure coefficient and lift. Initial results show fairly good agreement for rime ice accretion simulations across the range of conditions examined. The glaze ice results are promising but require some further examination.

Soil magnetic susceptibility: A quantitative proxy of soil drainage for use in ecological restoration

USGS Publications Warehouse

Grimley, D.A.; Wang, J.-S.; Liebert, D.A.; Dawson, J.O.

2008-01-01

Flooded, saturated, or poorly drained soils are commonly anaerobic, leading to microbially induced magnetite/maghemite dissolution and decreased soil magnetic susceptibility (MS). Thus, MS is considerably higher in well-drained soils (MS typically 40-80 ?? 10-5 standard international [SI]) compared to poorly drained soils (MS typically 10-25 ?? 10-5 SI) in Illinois, other soil-forming factors being equal. Following calibration to standard soil probings, MS values can be used to rapidly and precisely delineate hydric from nonhydric soils in areas with relatively uniform parent material. Furthermore, soil MS has a moderate to strong association with individual tree species' distribution across soil moisture regimes, correlating inversely with independently reported rankings of a tree species' flood tolerance. Soil MS mapping can thus provide a simple, rapid, and quantitative means for precisely guiding reforestation with respect to plant species' adaptations to soil drainage classes. For instance, in native woodlands of east-central Illinois, Quercus alba , Prunus serotina, and Liriodendron tulipifera predominantly occur in moderately well-drained soils (MS 40-60 ?? 10-5 SI), whereas Acer saccharinum, Carya laciniosa, and Fraxinus pennsylvanica predominantly occur in poorly drained soils (MS <20 ?? 10-5 SI). Using a similar method, an MS contour map was used to guide restoration of mesic, wet mesic, and wet prairie species to pre-settlement distributions at Meadowbrook Park (Urbana, IL, U.S.A.). Through use of soil MS maps calibrated to soil drainage class and native vegetation occurrence, restoration efforts can be conducted more successfully and species distributions more accurately reconstructed at the microecosystem level. ?? 2008 Society for Ecological Restoration International.

Executive function processes predict mobility outcomes in older adults.

PubMed

Gothe, Neha P; Fanning, Jason; Awick, Elizabeth; Chung, David; Wójcicki, Thomas R; Olson, Erin A; Mullen, Sean P; Voss, Michelle; Erickson, Kirk I; Kramer, Arthur F; McAuley, Edward

2014-02-01

To examine the relationship between performance on executive function measures and subsequent mobility outcomes in community-dwelling older adults. Randomized controlled clinical trial. Champaign-Urbana, Illinois. Community-dwelling older adults (N = 179; mean age 66.4). A 12-month exercise trial with two arms: an aerobic exercise group and a stretching and strengthening group. Established cognitive tests of executive function (flanker task, task switching, and a dual-task paradigm) and the Wisconsin card sort test. Mobility was assessed using the timed 8-foot up and go test and times to climb up and down a flight of stairs. Participants completed the cognitive tests at baseline and the mobility measures at baseline and after 12 months of the intervention. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to determine whether baseline executive function predicted postintervention functional performance after controlling for age, sex, education, cardiorespiratory fitness, and baseline mobility levels. Selective baseline executive function measurements, particularly performance on the flanker task (β = 0.15-0.17) and the Wisconsin card sort test (β = 0.11-0.16) consistently predicted mobility outcomes at 12 months. The estimates were in the expected direction, such that better baseline performance on the executive function measures predicted better performance on the timed mobility tests independent of intervention. Executive functions of inhibitory control, mental set shifting, and attentional flexibility were predictive of functional mobility. Given the literature associating mobility limitations with disability, morbidity, and mortality, these results are important for understanding the antecedents to poor mobility function that well-designed interventions to improve cognitive performance can attenuate. © 2014, Copyright the Authors Journal compilation © 2014, The American Geriatrics Society.

Stray animals: their impact on a community.

PubMed

Griffiths, A O; Silberberg, A

1975-04-01

The statistical import of the study not-withstanding, we found the most serious problem to be the lack of understanding of the pet population crisis and compassion toward animals on the part of pet owners, as evident in the pet columns of the classified ads. Our study leads us to believe that pet owners are allowing the reproduction of kittens and puppies in such numbers that they often have no cash value and, in fact, the owners will spend money, in the form of advertising, to facilitate their disposal. The street observations indicated that relatively few animals (lessthan 1%) actually are allowed to run free. Dog bites occur at a ratio of 1:20 for the dog population. In the area under study, free roaming dogs and cats present a mild to moderate problem, originating from a small percentage of pet owners. Only a small amount of pet animal suffering occurs by death from environmental hazards (ie, automobiles), and there is just a moderate amount of intentional killing of nondersirable pet animals. We fell the method used in this study and the results obtained from it have importance elsewhere. It should be coupled with a broader based survey questionnaire to better establish the ratio of pet ownership to the general population and the reasons and benefits of pet ownership. We could then have the "facts" about the pet overpopulation problem, as well as better understand the community values toward pet animals. A complete report with additional accompanying tables is available from the senior author at Rural Route One, Urbana, Illinois 61801.

Computational Aerodynamic Analysis of Three-Dimensional Ice Shapes on a NACA 23012 Airfoil

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jun, Garam; Oliden, Daniel; Potapczuk, Mark G.; Tsao, Jen-Ching

2014-01-01

The present study identifies a process for performing computational fluid dynamic calculations of the flow over full three-dimensional (3D) representations of complex ice shapes deposited on aircraft surfaces. Rime and glaze icing geometries formed on a NACA23012 airfoil were obtained during testing in the NASA Glenn Research Center's Icing Research Tunnel (IRT). The ice shape geometries were scanned as a cloud of data points using a 3D laser scanner. The data point clouds were meshed using Geomagic software to create highly accurate models of the ice surface. The surface data was imported into Pointwise grid generation software to create the CFD surface and volume grids. It was determined that generating grids in Pointwise for complex 3D icing geometries was possible using various techniques that depended on the ice shape. Computations of the flow fields over these ice shapes were performed using the NASA National Combustion Code (NCC). Results for a rime ice shape for angle of attack conditions ranging from 0 to 10 degrees and for freestream Mach numbers of 0.10 and 0.18 are presented. For validation of the computational results, comparisons were made to test results from rapid-prototype models of the selected ice accretion shapes, obtained from a separate study in a subsonic wind tunnel at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. The computational and experimental results were compared for values of pressure coefficient and lift. Initial results show fairly good agreement for rime ice accretion simulations across the range of conditions examined. The glaze ice results are promising but require some further examination.

Prediction of pest pressure on corn root nodes: the POPP-Corn model.

PubMed

Agatz, Annika; Ashauer, Roman; Sweeney, Paul; Brown, Colin D

2017-01-01

A model for the corn rootworm Diabrotica spp. combined with a temporally explicit model for development of corn roots across the soil profile was developed to link pest ecology, root damage and yield loss. Development of the model focused on simulating root damage from rootworm feeding in accordance with observations in the field to allow the virtual testing of efficacy from management interventions in the future. We present the model and demonstrate its applicability for simulating root damage by comparison between observed and simulated pest development and root damage (assessed according to the node injury scale from 0 to 3) for field studies from the literature conducted in Urbana, Illinois (US), between 1991 and 2014. The model simulated the first appearance of larvae and adults to within a week of that observed in 88 and 71 % of all years, respectively, and in all cases to within 2 weeks of the first sightings recorded for central Illinois. Furthermore, in 73 % of all years simulated root damage differed by <0.5 node injury scale points compared to the observations made in the field between 2005 and 2014 even though accurate information for initial pest pressure (i.e. number of eggs in the soil) was not measured at the sites or available from nearby locations. This is, to our knowledge, the first time that pest ecology, root damage and yield loss have been successfully interlinked to produce a virtual field. There are potential applications in investigating efficacy of different pest control measures and strategies.

From the field and lab to data wrangling and facilitating interagency collaboration- how I ended up in the data science world.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kreft, J.

2015-12-01

I work to build systems that make environmental data more accessible and usable for others—a role that I love and, ten years ago, would not have guessed I would play. I transitioned from conducting pure research to learning more about data curation and information science, and eventually, to combining knowledge of both the research and data science worlds in my current position at the U.S. Geological Survey Center for Integrated Data Analytics (USGS CIDA). At the USGS, I primarily work on the Water Quality Portal, an interagency tool for providing high performance, standards driven access to water quality data, and the USGS Publications Warehouse, which plays a key and ever expanding role in providing access to USGS Publications and their associated data sets. Both projects require an overarching focus on building services to make science data more visible and accessible to users. In addition, listening to the needs of the research scientists who are both collecting and using the data to improve the tools I guide the development of. Concepts that I learned at the University Of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Graduate School of Library and Information Science Data Curation Education Program were critical to a successful transition from the research world to the data science world. Data curation and data science are playing an ever-larger role in surmounting current and future data challenges at the USGS, and the need for people with interests in both research and data science will continue to grow.

FORCE2: A state-of-the-art two-phase code for hydrodynamic calculations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ding, Jianmin; Lyczkowski, R. W.; Burge, S. W.

1993-02-01

A three-dimensional computer code for two-phase flow named FORCE2 has been developed by Babcock and Wilcox (B & W) in close collaboration with Argonne National Laboratory (ANL). FORCE2 is capable of both transient as well as steady-state simulations. This Cartesian coordinates computer program is a finite control volume, industrial grade and quality embodiment of the pilot-scale FLUFIX/MOD2 code and contains features such as three-dimensional blockages, volume and surface porosities to account for various obstructions in the flow field, and distributed resistance modeling to account for pressure drops caused by baffles, distributor plates and large tube banks. Recently computed results demonstrated the significance of and necessity for three-dimensional models of hydrodynamics and erosion. This paper describes the process whereby ANL's pilot-scale FLUFIX/MOD2 models and numerics were implemented into FORCE2. A description of the quality control to assess the accuracy of the new code and the validation using some of the measured data from Illinois Institute of Technology (UT) and the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) are given. It is envisioned that one day, FORCE2 with additional modules such as radiation heat transfer, combustion kinetics and multi-solids together with user-friendly pre- and post-processor software and tailored for massively parallel multiprocessor shared memory computational platforms will be used by industry and researchers to assist in reducing and/or eliminating the environmental and economic barriers which limit full consideration of coal, shale and biomass as energy sources, to retain energy security, and to remediate waste and ecological problems.

Unified equation of state for neutron stars on a microscopic basis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sharma, B. K.; Centelles, M.; Viñas, X.; Baldo, M.; Burgio, G. F.

2015-12-01

We derive a new equation of state (EoS) for neutron stars (NS) from the outer crust to the core based on modern microscopic calculations using the Argonne v18 potential plus three-body forces computed with the Urbana model. To deal with the inhomogeneous structures of matter in the NS crust, we use a recent nuclear energy density functional that is directly based on the same microscopic calculations, and which is able to reproduce the ground-state properties of nuclei along the periodic table. The EoS of the outer crust requires the masses of neutron-rich nuclei, which are obtained through Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov calculations with the new functional when they are unknown experimentally. To compute the inner crust, Thomas-Fermi calculations in Wigner-Seitz cells are performed with the same functional. Existence of nuclear pasta is predicted in a range of average baryon densities between ≃0.067 fm-3 and ≃0.0825 fm-3, where the transition to the core takes place. The NS core is computed from the new nuclear EoS assuming non-exotic constituents (core of npeμ matter). In each region of the star, we discuss the comparison of the new EoS with previous EoSs for the complete NS structure, widely used in astrophysical calculations. The new microscopically derived EoS fulfills at the same time a NS maximum mass of 2 M⊙ with a radius of 10 km, and a 1.5 M⊙ NS with a radius of 11.6 km.

Update of distillers grains displacement ratios for corn ethanol life-cycle analysis.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Arora, S.; Wu, M.; Wang, M.

2011-02-01

Production of corn-based ethanol (either by wet milling or by dry milling) yields the following coproducts: distillers grains with solubles (DGS), corn gluten meal (CGM), corn gluten feed (CGF), and corn oil. Of these coproducts, all except corn oil can replace conventional animal feeds, such as corn, soybean meal, and urea. Displacement ratios of corn-ethanol coproducts including DGS, CGM, and CGF were last updated in 1998 at a workshop at Argonne National Laboratory on the basis of input from a group of experts on animal feeds, including Prof. Klopfenstein (University of Nebraska, Lincoln), Prof. Berger (University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign), Mr.more » Madson (Rapheal Katzen International Associates, Inc.), and Prof. Trenkle (Iowa State University) (Wang 1999). Table 1 presents current dry milling coproduct displacement ratios being used in the GREET model. The current effort focuses on updating displacement ratios of dry milling corn-ethanol coproducts used in the animal feed industry. Because of the increased availability and use of these coproducts as animal feeds, more information is available on how these coproducts replace conventional animal feeds. To glean this information, it is also important to understand how industry selects feed. Because of the wide variety of available feeds, animal nutritionists use commercial software (such as Brill Formulation{trademark}) for feed formulation. The software recommends feed for the animal on the basis of the nutritional characteristics, availability, and price of various animal feeds, as well as on the nutritional requirements of the animal (Corn Refiners Association 2006). Therefore, feed formulation considers both the economic and the nutritional characteristics of feed products.« less

Light Matters (A "Life at the Frontiers of Energy Research" contest entry from the 2011 Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRCs) Summit and Forum)

ScienceCinema

Atwater, Harry (Director, Light-Material Interactions in Energy Conversion (LMI), California Institute of Technology); LMI Staff

2017-12-09

'Light Matters' was submitted by the Center for Light-Material Interactions in Energy Conversion (LMI) to the 'Life at the Frontiers of Energy Research' video contest at the 2011 Science for Our Nation's Energy Future: Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRCs) Summit and Forum. Twenty-six EFRCs created short videos to highlight their mission and their work. This video was selected as one of five winners by a distinguished panel of judges for its 'striking photography and visual impact'. LMI, an EFRC directed by Harry Atwater at the California Institute of Technology is a partnership of scientists from three institutions: CalTech (lead), University of California, Berkeley, and the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. The Office of Basic Energy Sciences in the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science established the 46 Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRCs) in 2009. These collaboratively-organized centers conduct fundamental research focused on 'grand challenges' and use-inspired 'basic research needs' recently identified in major strategic planning efforts by the scientific community. The overall purpose is to accelerate scientific progress toward meeting the nation's critical energy challenges. The mission of Light-Material Interactions in Energy Conversion is 'to tailor the morphology, complex dielectric structure, and electronic properties of matter to sculpt the flow of sunlight, enabling light conversion to electrical and chemical energy with unprecedented efficiency.' Research topics are: catalysis (imines hydrocarbons), solar photovoltaic, solar fuels, photonic, solid state lighting, metamaterial, optics, phonons, thermal conductivity, solar electrodes, photsynthesis, CO{sub 2} (convert), greenhouse gas, and matter by design.

Implementation of reactive and predictive real-time control strategies to optimize dry stormwater detention ponds

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gaborit, Étienne; Anctil, François; Vanrolleghem, Peter A.; Pelletier, Geneviève

2013-04-01

Dry detention ponds have been widely implemented in U.S.A (National Research Council, 1993) and Canada (Shammaa et al. 2002) to mitigate the impacts of urban runoff on receiving water bodies. The aim of such structures is to allow a temporary retention of the water during rainfall events, decreasing runoff velocities and volumes (by infiltration in the pond) as well as providing some water quality improvement from sedimentation. The management of dry detention ponds currently relies on static control through a fixed pre-designed limitation of their maximum outflow (Middleton and Barrett 2008), for example via a proper choice of their outlet pipe diameter. Because these ponds are designed for large storms, typically 1- or 2-hour duration rainfall events with return periods comprised between 5 and 100 years, one of their main drawbacks is that they generally offer almost no retention for smaller rainfall events (Middleton and Barrett 2008), which are by definition much more common. Real-Time Control (RTC) has a high potential for optimizing retention time (Marsalek 2005) because it allows adopting operating strategies that are flexible and hence more suitable to the prevailing fluctuating conditions than static control. For dry ponds, this would basically imply adapting the outlet opening percentage to maximize water retention time, while being able to open it completely for severe storms. This study developed several enhanced RTC scenarios of a dry detention pond located at the outlet of a small urban catchment near Québec City, Canada, following the previous work of Muschalla et al. (2009). The catchment's runoff quantity and TSS concentration were simulated by a SWMM5 model with an improved wash-off formulation. The control procedures rely on rainfall detection and measures of the pond's water height for the reactive schemes, and on rainfall forecasts in addition to these variables for the predictive schemes. The automatic reactive control schemes implemented here increased the pond's TSS (and associated pollution) removal efficiency from 46% (current state) to between 70 and 90%, depending on the pond's capacity considered. The RTC strategies allow simultaneously maximizing the detention time of water, while minimizing the hydraulic shocks induced to the receiving water bodies and preventing overflow. A constraint relative to a maximum time of 4 days with water accumulated in the pond was thus respected to avoid mosquito breeding issues. The predictive control schemes (taking rainfall forecasts into consideration) can further reinforce the safety of the management strategies, even if meteorological forecasts are, of course, not error-free. With RTC, the studied pond capacity could thus have been limited to 1250 m3 instead of the 4000 m3 capacity currently used under static control. References Marsalek, J. 2005. Evolution of urban drainage: from cloaca maxima to environmental sustainability. Paper presented at Acqua e Citta, I Convegno Nazionale di Idraulica Urbana, Cent. Stud. Idraul. Urbana, Sant'Agnello di Sorrento, Italy, 28- 30 Sept. Middleton, J.R. and Barrett, M.E. 2008. Water quality performance of a batch-type stormwater detention basin. Water Environment Research, 80 (2): 172-178. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143007X220842 Muschalla, D., Pelletier, G., Berrouard, É., Carpenter, J.-F., Vallet, B., and Vanrolleghem, P.A. 2009. Ecohydraulic-driven real-time control of stormwater basins. In: Proceedings 8th International Conference on Urban Drainage Modelling (8UDM), Tokyo, Japan, September 7-11. National Research Council, 1993. Managing Wastewater in Coastal Urban Areas. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. Shammaa, Y., Zhu, D.Z., Gyürék, L.L., and Labatiuk C.W. 2002. Effectiveness of dry ponds for stormwater total suspended solids removal. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 29 (2): 316-324 (9). Doi: 10.1139/l02-008

Sexual violence as a limiting factor on the perception and management of the risk of HIV in women married to migrants.

PubMed

Flores, Yesica Yolanda Rangel

2016-09-01

to analyze the influence of sexual violence on the perception and management of the risk of HIV in women married to migrants. study with an ethnographic approach carried out in urban and rural communities. Data were obtained by methodological triangulation, with participant and non-participant observation, as well as interviews. The informants were 21 women married to international migrants. The interviews were transcribed and discourse analysis was applied to them. three categories emerged from the speeches to problematize the influence of sexual violence in the perception and management of the risk of HIV: "Characterization of sexual practices in the context of migration", "Experiences of sexual violence" and "Construction of the risk of HIV-AIDS". women have difficulty to recognize the acts of sexual violence in their daily lives, and their perceptions of risk are not decisive in the management of the threat to which they are exposed. Therefore, it is becoming increasingly urgent that nursing problematizes the sexual violence within "steady couples", as a challenge to the promotion of healthy lifestyles. analisar a influência que a violência sexual tem na percepção e gestão do risco de HIV em mulheres casadas com migrantes. estudo com enfoque etnográfico, em comunidades urbanas e rurais. Os dados foram obtidos por triangulação metodológica, observação participativa e não participativa, bem como entrevistas. As informantes foram 21 mulheres casadas com migrantes internacionais. As entrevistas foram transcritas e análise de discurso foi aplicada a elas. três categorias emergiram dos discursos, para problematizar a influência da violência sexual na percepção e gestão do risco de HIV: "Caracterização das práticas sexuais no âmbito da migração", "Experiências de violência sexual" e "Construção do risco de HIV-AIDS". as mulheres têm dificuldade para reconhecer os atos de violência sexual em seus cotidianos e as suas percepções de risco não são decisivas na gestão da ameaça a qual estão expostas. Por isso, torna-se urgente que a enfermagem problematize a violência sexual nos "relacionamentos estáveis", como um desafio para a promoção de estilos de vida saudáveis. analizar la influencia que la violencia sexual tiene en la percepción y gestión del riesgo frente al VIH en mujeres parejas de migrantes. estudio con enfoque etnográfico, en comunidades urbanas y rurales. Los datos fueron obtenidos por triangulación de métodos, observación participante y no participante, así como entrevistas. Las informantes fueron 21 mujeres parejas de migrantes internacionales. Las entrevistas se transcribieron y se aplicó sobre ellas análisis de discurso. de los discursos emergieron tres categorías para problematizar la influencia de la violencia sexual en la percepción y la gestión del riesgo frente al VIH: "Caracterización de las prácticas sexuales en el marco de la migración", "Experiencias de violencia sexual" y "Construcción del riesgo de VIH-sida". las mujeres tienen dificultad para reconocer los actos de violencia sexual en sus cotidianeidades y sus percepciones respecto al riesgo no son determinantes en la gestión que respecto a la amenaza asumen. Resulta urgente que enfermería problematice la violencia sexual al interior de las "parejas estables", como desafío en la promoción de estilos de vida saludables.

WE-A-207-01: Memorial Lecturer

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Muller-Runkel, R

The Medical Physics community lost one of its early pioneers in radiation oncology physics, Jacques Ovadia, who passed away in April of 2014 at the age of 90. Jacques received his Ph.D. in Nuclear Physics from the University of Illinois at Urbana in 1951. Subsequently, under the guidance of John Laughlin, he was introduced to the field of Medical Physics. When John moved to Memorial Sloan Kettering, Jacques followed him. There he gained clinical experience and expertise in the then cutting-edge field of high energy electron beam therapy. In 1956, Jacques joined Dr. Erich Uhlmann at Michael Reese Hospital inmore » Chicago where one of the country’s first high energy medical linear accelerators had just been installed. During his 35 year tenure, Dr. Ovadia built a strong Medical Physics department that merged in 1984 with that of the University of Chicago. Jacques pioneered the use of high energy electron beams to treat deep seated tumors, multiple-field chest wall irradiation with variable electron energies, and even anticipated the current interest in high energy electron beam grid-therapy. At an early stage, he introduced a simulator, computerized treatment planning and in-house developed record and verify software. He retired in 1990 as Professor emeritus in Radiation and Cellular Biology at the University of Chicago. Dr. Ovadia was an early and strong supporter of AAPM. He was present at the Chicago ROMPS meeting where the decision was made to form an independent professional society for medical physics. He served as AAPM president in 1976. Jacques Ovadia is survived by his wife of 58 years, Florence, their daughter Corinne Graefe and son Marc Ovadia, MD, as well as four grandchildren and one great-grandchild. Jacques’ dynamic and ever enthusiastic personality inspired all who collaborated with him. He will be greatly missed.« less

DSMC Simulations of Irregular Source Geometries for Io's Pele Plume

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

McDoniel, William; Goldstein, D. B.; Varghese, P. L.; Trafton, L. M.; Buchta, D. A.; Freund, J.; Kieffer, S. W.

2010-10-01

Volcanic plumes on Io represent a complex rarefied flow into a near-vacuum in the presence of gravity. A 3D rarefied gas dynamics method (DSMC) is used to investigate the gas dynamics of such plumes, with a focus on the effects of source geometry on far-field deposition patterns. These deposition patterns, such as the deposition ring's shape and orientation, as well as the presence and shape of ash deposits around the vent, are linked to the shape of the vent from which the plume material arises. We will present three-dimensional simulations for a variety of possible vent geometries for Pele based on observations of the volcano's caldera. One is a curved line source corresponding to a Galileo IR image of a particularly hot region in the volcano's caldera and the other is a large area source corresponding to the entire lava lake at the center of the plume. The curvature of the former is seen to be sufficient to produce the features seen in observations of Pele's deposition pattern, but the particular orientation of the source is found to be such that it cannot match the orientation of these features on Io's surface. The latter corrects the error in orientation while losing some of the structure, suggesting that the actual source may correspond well with part of the shore of the lava lake. In addition, we are collaborating with a group at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign to develop a hybrid method to link the continuum flow beneath Io's surface and very close to the vent to the more rarefied flow in the large volcanic plumes. This work was funded by NASA-PATM grant NNX08AE72G.

Machine Learning Assessments of Soil Drying

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Coopersmith, E. J.; Minsker, B. S.; Wenzel, C.; Gilmore, B. J.

2011-12-01

Agricultural activities require the use of heavy equipment and vehicles on unpaved farmlands. When soil conditions are wet, equipment can cause substantial damage, leaving deep ruts. In extreme cases, implements can sink and become mired, causing considerable delays and expense to extricate the equipment. Farm managers, who are often located remotely, cannot assess sites before allocating equipment, causing considerable difficulty in reliably assessing conditions of countless sites with any reliability and frequency. For example, farmers often trace serpentine paths of over one hundred miles each day to assess the overall status of various tracts of land spanning thirty, forty, or fifty miles in each direction. One means of assessing the moisture content of a field lies in the strategic positioning of remotely-monitored in situ sensors. Unfortunately, land owners are often reluctant to place sensors across their properties due to the significant monetary cost and complexity. This work aspires to overcome these limitations by modeling the process of wetting and drying statistically - remotely assessing field readiness using only information that is publically accessible. Such data includes Nexrad radar and state climate network sensors, as well as Twitter-based reports of field conditions for validation. Three algorithms, classification trees, k-nearest-neighbors, and boosted perceptrons are deployed to deliver statistical field readiness assessments of an agricultural site located in Urbana, IL. Two of the three algorithms performed with 92-94% accuracy, with the majority of misclassifications falling within the calculated margins of error. This demonstrates the feasibility of using a machine learning framework with only public data, knowledge of system memory from previous conditions, and statistical tools to assess "readiness" without the need for real-time, on-site physical observation. Future efforts will produce a workflow assimilating Nexrad, climate network, and Twitter data to generate a real-time web-map of estimated readiness conditions.

Rayleigh lidar observations of gravity wave activity in the stratosphere and lower mesosphere

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Miller, M. S.; Gardner, C. S.; Liu, C. H.

1987-01-01

Forty-two monochromatic gravity wave events were observed in the 25 to 55 km altitude region during 16 nights of Rayleigh lidar measurements at Poker Flat, Alaska and Urbana, Illinois. The measured wave parameters were compared to previous radar and lidar measurements of gravity wave activity. Vertical wavelengths, lambda(z), between 2 and 11.5 km with vertical phase velocities, c(z), between 0.1 and 1 m/s were observed. Measured values of lambda(z) and c(z) were used to infer observed wave periods, T(ob), between 50 and 1000 minutes and horizontal wavelengths, lambda(x), from 25 to 2000 km. Dominant wave activity was found at vertical wavelengths between 2 to 4 km and 7 to 10 km. No seasonal variations were evident in the observed wave parameters. Vertical and horizontal wavelengths showed a clear tendency to increase with T(ob), which is consistent with recent sodium lidar studies of monochromatic wave events near the mesopause. Measured power law relationships between the wave parameters were lambda(z) varies as T(ob) sup 0.96, lambda(x) varies as T(ob) sup 1.8, and c(z) varies as T(ob) sup -0.85. The kinetic energy calculated for the monochromatic wave events varied as k(z) sup -2, k(x) sup -1, and f(ob) sup -1.7. The atmospheric scale heights calculated for each observation date range from 6.5 to 7.6 km with a mean value of 7 km. The increase of rms wind perturbations with altitude indicated an amplitude growth length of 20.9 km. The altitude profile of kinetic energy density decreased with height, suggesting that waves in this altitude region were subject to dissipation or saturation effects.

Impact of an Alien Invasive Shrub on Ecology of Native and Alien Invasive Mosquito Species (Diptera: Culicidae).

PubMed

Muturi, Ephantus J; Gardner, Allison M; Bara, Jeffrey J

2015-10-01

We examined how leaf litter of alien invasive honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii Rupr.) either alone or in combination with leaf litter of one of two native tree species, sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marshall) and northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.), affects the ecology of Culex restuans Theobald, Ochlerotatus triseriatus Say, and Ochlerotatus japonicus Theobald. Experimental mesocosms containing single species litter or a mixture of honeysuckle and one of two native tree species litter were established at South Farms and Trelease Woods study sites in Urbana, IL, and examined for their effect on 1) oviposition site selection by the three mosquito species, and 2) adult production and body size of Oc. triseriatus and Oc. japonicus. There were no significant effects of study site and leaf treatment on Oc. japonicus and Oc. triseriatus oviposition preference and adult production. In contrast, significantly more Cx. restuans eggs rafts were collected at South Farms relative to Trelease Woods and in honeysuckle litter relative to native tree species litter. Significantly larger adult females of Oc. japonicus and Oc. triseriatus were collected at South Farms relative to Trelease Woods and in honeysuckle litter relative to native tree species litter. Combining honeysuckle litter with native tree species litter had additive effects on Cx. restuans oviposition preference and Oc. japonicus and Oc. triseriatus body size, with the exception of honeysuckle and northern red oak litter combination, which had antagonistic effects on Oc. triseriatus body size. We conclude that input of honeysuckle litter into container aquatic habitats may alter the life history traits of vector mosquito species. © The Authors 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Frederick Yi-Tung Cho (1939-2011) : His PhD days in Biophysics, the Photosynthesis Lab, and his patents in engineering physics.

PubMed

Govindjee; Munday, John C; Papageorgiou, George C

2017-06-01

We present here a Tribute to Frederick Yi-Tung Cho (1939-2011), an innovative and ingenious biophysicist and an entrepreneur. He was one of the 4 earliest PhD students [see: Cederstrand (1965)-Carl Nelson Cederstrand; coadvisor: Eugene Rabinowitch; Papageorgiou (1968)-George C. Papageorgiou (coauthor of this paper); and Munday (1968)-John C. Munday Jr. (also a coauthor of this paper)] of one of us (Govindjee) in Biophysics at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) during the late 1960s (1963-1968). Fred was best known, in the photosynthesis circle for his pioneering work on low temperature (down to liquid helium temperature, 4 K) absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy of photosynthetic systems; he showed temperature independence of excitation energy transfer from (i) chlorophyll (Chl) b to Chl a and (ii) from Chl a 670 to Chl a 678; and temperature dependence of energy transfer from the phycobilins to Chl a and from Chl a 678 to its suggested trap. After doing research in biophysics of photosynthesis, Fred shifted to do research in solid-state physics/engineering in the Government Electronics Division (Group) of the Motorola Company, Scottsdale, Arizona, from where he published research papers in that area and had several patents granted. We focus mainly on his days at the UIUC in context of the laboratory in which he worked. We also list some of his papers and most of his patents in engineering physics. His friends and colleagues have correctly described him as an innovator and an ingenious scientist of the highest order. On the personal side, he was a very easy-going and amiable individual.

Exercise Mode Moderates the Relationship Between Mobility and Basal Ganglia Volume in Healthy Older Adults.

PubMed

Nagamatsu, Lindsay S; Weinstein, Andrea M; Erickson, Kirk I; Fanning, Jason; Awick, Elizabeth A; Kramer, Arthur F; McAuley, Edward

2016-01-01

To examine whether 12 months of aerobic training (AT) moderated the relationship between change in mobility and change in basal ganglia volume than balance and toning (BAT) exercises in older adults. Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Champaign-Urbana, Illinois. Community-dwelling older adults (N=101; mean age 66.4). Twelve-month exercise trial with two groups: AT and BAT. Mobility was assessed using the Timed Up and Go test. Basal ganglia (putamen, caudate nucleus, pallidum) was segmented from T1-weighted magnetic resonance images using the Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain Software Library Integrated Registration and Segmentation Tool. Measurements were obtained at baseline and trial completion. Hierarchical multiple regression was conducted to examine whether exercise mode moderates the relationship between change in mobility and change in basal ganglia volume over 12 months. Age, sex, and education were included as covariates. Exercise significantly moderated the relationship between change in mobility and change in left putamen volume. Specifically, for the AT group, volume of the left putamen did not change, regardless of change in mobility. Similarly, in the BAT group, those who improved their mobility most over 12 months had no change in left putamen volume, although left putamen volume of those who declined in mobility levels decreased significantly. The primary finding that older adults who engaged in 12 months of BAT training and improved mobility exhibited maintenance of brain volume in an important region responsible for motor control provides compelling evidence that such exercises can contribute to the promotion of functional independence and healthy aging. © 2016, Copyright the Authors Journal compilation © 2016, The American Geriatrics Society.

Ru-decorated Pt surfaces as model fuel cell electrocatalysts for CO electrooxidation.

PubMed

Maillard, F; Lu, G-Q; Wieckowski, A; Stimming, U

2005-09-01

This feature article concerns Pt surfaces modified (decorated) by ruthenium as model fuel cell electrocatalysts for electrooxidation processes. This work reveals the role of ruthenium promoters in enhancing electrocatalytic activity toward organic fuels for fuel cells, and it particularly concerns the methanol decomposition product, surface CO. A special focus is on surface mobility of the CO as it is catalytically oxidized to CO(2). Different methods used to prepare Ru-decorated Pt single crystal surfaces as well as Ru-decorated Pt nanoparticles are reviewed, and the methods of characterization and testing of their activity are discussed. The focus is on the origin of peak splitting involved in the voltammetric electrooxidation of CO on Ru-decorated Pt surfaces, and on the interpretative consequences of the splitting for single crystal and nanoparticle Pt/Ru bimetallic surfaces. Apparently, screening through the literature allows formulating several models of the CO stripping reaction, and the validity of these models is discussed. Major efforts are made in this article to compare the results reported by the Urbana-Champaign group and the Munich group, but also by other groups. As electrocatalysis is progressively more and more driven by theory, our review of the experimental findings may serve to summarize the state of the art and clarify the roads ahead. Future studies will deal with highly dispersed and reactive nanoscale surfaces and other more advanced catalytic materials for fuel cell catalysis and related energy applications. It is expected that the metal/metal and metal/substrate interactions will be increasingly investigated on atomic and electronic levels, with likewise increasing participation of theory, and the structure and reactivity of various monolayer catalytic systems involving more than two metals (that is ternary and quaternary systems) will be interrogated.

Exercise Mode Moderates the Relationship Between Mobility and Basal Ganglia Volume in Healthy Older Adults

PubMed Central

Nagamatsu, Lindsay S.; Weinstein, Andrea M.; Erickson, Kirk I.; Fanning, Jason; Awick, Elizabeth A.; Kramer, Arthur F.; McAuley, Edward

2015-01-01

Background Identifying effective intervention strategies to combat age-related decline in mobility and brain health is a priority. The primary aim of our study was to examine whether 12 months of aerobic training (AT) versus balance and toning (BAT) exercises moderates the relationship between change in mobility and change in basal ganglia volume in older adults. Design Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Setting Champaign-Urbana, Illinois. Participants Community-dwelling older adults (N = 101; mean age = 66.41 years) Intervention 12-month exercise trial with two groups: AT and BAT. Measurements Mobility was assessed by the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. Basal ganglia (putamen, caudate nucleus, pallidum) was segmented from T1-weighted MR images using FIRST. Measurements were obtained at baseline and trial completion. Hierarchical multiple regression was conducted to examine whether exercise mode moderates the relationship between change in mobility and change in basal ganglia volume over 12 months. Age, sex, and education were included as covariates. Results Exercise mode significantly moderated the relationship between change in mobility and change in left putamen volume. Specifically, for the AT group, volume of the left putamen did not change, regardless of change in mobility. Similarly, in the BAT group, those who improved their mobility most over 12 months had no change in left putamen volume; however, those who declined in mobility levels significantly decreased in left putamen volume. Conclusion Our primary finding that older adults who engage in 12 months of balance and tone training and improve mobility exhibit maintenance of brain volume in a key region responsible for motor control provides compelling evidence that such exercises can contribute to the promotion of functional independence and healthy aging. PMID:26782858

Shock Initiation of Explosives - High Temperature Hot Spots Explained

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bassett, Will

2017-06-01

The pore-collapse mechanism for hot spot creation is currently one of the most intensely studied subjects in the initiation of energetic materials. In the present study, we use 1.5 - 3.5 km s-1 laser-driven flyer plates to impact microgram charges of both polymer-bound and pure pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) while recording the temperature and spatially-averaged emissivity with a high-speed optical pyrometer. The 32-color pyrometer has nanosecond time resolution and a high dynamic range with sensitivity to temperatures from 7000 to 2000 K. Hot spot temperatures of 4000 K at impact are observed in the polymer-bound explosive charges where an elastomeric binder is used to fill void spaces. In pure PETN and more heterogeneous polymer-bound charges, in which significant void space is present, hot spot temperatures of 6000 K are observed, similar to previous reports with significant porosity. We attribute these high temperatures to gas-phase products formed in-situ being compressed under the driving shock. Experiments performed under various gas environments (air, butane, etc.) showed a strong influence on observed temperature upon impact. Control experiments where the PETN in the polymer-bound charges were replaced with sucrose and silica reinforce the result that hot spots are a result of in-situ gas formation from decomposition of organic molecules. US Air Force Office of Scientific Research awards FA9550-14-1-0142 and FA9550-16-1-0042; US Army Research Office award W911NF-13-1-0217; Defense Threat Reduction Agency award HDTRA1-12-1-0011. In collaboration with: Belinda Pacheco and Dana Dlott, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign.

A fully dynamic magneto-rheological fluid damper model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jiang, Z.; Christenson, R. E.

2012-06-01

Control devices can be used to dissipate the energy of a civil structure subjected to dynamic loading, thus reducing structural damage and preventing failure. Semiactive control devices have received significant attention in recent years. The magneto-rheological (MR) fluid damper is a promising type of semiactive device for civil structures due to its mechanical simplicity, inherent stability, high dynamic range, large temperature operating range, robust performance, and low power requirements. The MR damper is intrinsically nonlinear and rate-dependent, both as a function of the displacement across the MR damper and the command current being supplied to the MR damper. As such, to develop control algorithms that take maximum advantage of the unique features of the MR damper, accurate models must be developed to describe its behavior for both displacement and current. In this paper, a new MR damper model that includes a model of the pulse-width modulated (PWM) power amplifier providing current to the damper, a proposed model of the time varying inductance of the large-scale 200 kN MR dampers coils and surrounding MR fluid—a dynamic behavior that is not typically modeled—and a hyperbolic tangent model of the controllable force behavior of the MR damper is presented. Validation experimental tests are conducted with two 200 kN large-scale MR dampers located at the Smart Structures Technology Laboratory (SSTL) at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and the Lehigh University Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (NEES) facility. Comparison with experimental test results for both prescribed motion and current and real-time hybrid simulation of semiactive control of the MR damper shows that the proposed MR damper model can accurately predict the fully dynamic behavior of the large-scale 200 kN MR damper.

Regional Environmental Impacts of Biofuel Feedstock Production--Scaling Biogeochemical Cycles in Space and Time

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vanloocke, A.; Bernacchi, C.

2008-12-01

Recently there has been increasing socio-economic and scientific interest in the use of alternative sources of energy to offset the negative effects of current fossil fuel dependence and consequent greenhouse gas emissions. Currently, one of the most popular alternatives is to use ethanol produced from domestically grown crops for use as fuel in the transportation sector. In 2007, over 7.5 billion gallons of ethanol were produced in the U.S. from corn, a traditional food crop. Recent research indicates that it may be logistically impractical, ecologically counterproductive (i.e. a net carbon source), and economically devastating to produce ethanol from crops previously grown to produce food. The EBI (Energy Biosciences Institute, at University of California Berkley and University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign) is now conducting research to assess the ability of traditional crops as well as dedicated biofuel feedstocks (e.g. Panicum virgatum (switchgrass), Miscanthus x Giganteus (Miscanthus), and Saccharum spp (sugar cane)) to provide a productive and sustainable alternative to fossil fuel. This is an important step to take before implementing the large-scale growth necessary to meet U.S. energy needs .A process-based terrestrial ecosystem model, Agro-IBIS (Agricultural Integrated Biosphere Simulator) was adapted to simulate the growth of Miscanthus. The model was calibrated using data collected from sites at the University of Illinois south farms. Simulations indicated significant implications on the regional carbon and water budgets. Next this locally validated method will be extrapolated to simulate the regional scale growth of Miscanthus in the Midwestern U.S. and sugarcane in Brazil and a similar analysis will be conducted for switchgrass. The results should provide insight on optimal land-use decisions and legislation that regard meeting energy demands and mitigating climate change in the near future.

Ribonucleic Acid and Ribosomes of Bacillus stearothermophilus1

PubMed Central

Saunders, Grady F.; Campbell, L. Leon

1966-01-01

Saunders, Grady F. (University of Illinois, Urbana), and L. Leon Campbell. Ribonucleic acid and ribosomes of Bacillus stearothermophilus. J. Bacteriol. 91:332–339. 1966.—The ability of some thermophilic bacteria to grow at temperatures as high as 76 C emphasizes the remarkable thermal stability of their crucial macromolecules. An investigation of the ribonucleic acid (RNA) and ribosomes of Bacillus stearothermophilus was conducted. Washed log-phase cells were disrupted either by sonic treatment or by alumina grinding in 10−2m MgCl2–10−2m tris-(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane buffer, pH 7.4 (TM buffer). Ultracentrifugal analysis revealed peaks at 72.5S, 101S, and 135S, with the 101S peak being the most prominent. By lowering the Mg++ concentration to 10−3m, the ribosome preparation was dissociated to give 40S, 31S, and 54S peaks. These in turn were reassociated in the presence of 10−2m Mg++ to give the larger 73S and 135S particles. When heated in TM buffer, Escherichia coli ribosomes began a gradual dissociation at 58 C, and at 70 C underwent a large hyperchromic shift with a Tm at 72.8 C. In contrast, B. stearothermophilus ribosomes did not show a hyperchromic shift below 70 C; they had a Tm of 77.9 C. The thermal denaturation curves of the 4S, 16S, and 23S RNA from both organisms were virtually identical. The gross amino acid composition of B. stearothermophilus ribosomes showed no marked differences from that reported for E. coli ribosomes. These data suggest that the unusual thermal stability of B. stearothermophilus ribosomes may reflect either an unusual packing arrangement of the protein to the RNA or differences in the primary structure of the ribosomal proteins. Images PMID:5903099

Three-Nucleon Forces and Triplet Pairing in Neutron Matter

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Papakonstantinou, P.; Clark, J. W.

2017-12-01

The existence of superfluidity of the neutron component in the core of a neutron star, associated specifically with triplet P-wave pairing, is currently an open question that is central to interpretation of the observed cooling curves and other neutron-star observables. Ab initio theoretical calculations aimed at resolving this issue face unique challenges in the relevant high-density domain, which reaches beyond the saturation density of symmetrical nuclear matter. These issues include uncertainties in the three-nucleon (3N) interaction and in the effects of strong short-range correlations—and more generally of in-medium modification of nucleonic self-energies and interactions. A survey of existing solutions of the gap equations in the triplet channel demonstrates that the net impact on the gap magnitude of 3N forces, coupled channels, and mass renormalization shows extreme variation dependent on specific theoretical inputs, in some cases even pointing to the absence of a triplet gap, thus motivating a detailed analysis of competing effects within a well-controlled model. In the present study, we track the effects of the 3N force and in-medium modifications in the representative case of the ^3P_2 channel, based on the Argonne v_{18} two-nucleon (2N) interaction supplemented by 3N interactions of the Urbana IX family. Sensitivity of the results to the input interaction is clearly demonstrated. We point out consistency issues with respect to the simultaneous treatment of 3N forces and in-medium effects, which warrant further investigation. We consider this pilot study as the first step toward a systematic and comprehensive exploration of coupled-channel ^3P F_2 pairing using a broad range of 2N and 3N interactions from the current generation of refined semi-phenomenological models and models derived from chiral effective field theory.

The impact of extreme drought on the biofuel feedstock production

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

hussain, M.; Zeri, M.; Bernacchi, C.

2013-12-01

Miscanthus (Miscanthus x giganteus) and Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) have been identified as the primary targets for second-generation cellulosic biofuel crops. Prairie managed for biomass is also considered as one of the alternative to conventional biofuel and promised to provide ecosystem services, including carbon sequestration. These perennial grasses possess a number of traits that make them desirable biofuel crops and can be cultivated on marginal lands or interspersed with maize and soybean in the Corn Belt region. The U.S. Corn Belt region is the world's most productive and expansive maize-growing region, approximately 20% of the world's harvested corn hectares are found in 12 Corn Belt states. The introduction of a second generation cellulosic biofuels for biomass production in a landscape dominated by a grain crop (maize) has potential implications on the carbon and water cycles of the region. This issue is further intensified by the uncertainty in the response of the vegetation to the climate change induced drought periods, as was seen during the extreme droughts of 2011 and 2012 in the Midwest. The 2011 and 2012 growing seasons were considered driest since the 1932 dust bowl period; temperatures exceeded 3.0 °C above the 50- year mean and precipitation deficit reached 50 %. The major objective of this study was to evaluate the drought responses (2011 and 2012) of corn and perennial species at large scale, and to determine the seasonability of carbon and water fluxes in the response of controlling factors. We measured net CO2 ecosystem exchange (NEE) and water fluxes of maize-maize-soybean, and perennial species such as miscanthus, switchgrass and mixture of prairie grasses, using eddy covariance in the University of Illinois energy farm at Urbana, IL. The data presented here were for 5 years (2008- 2012). In the first two years, higher NEE in maize led to large CO2 sequestration. NEE however, decreased in dry years, particularly in 2012. On the other hand, miscanthus, switchgrass, and to a lesser extent, prairie showed higher NEE and gross primary production (GPP) - a partitioned NEE component - than maize during 2012. Although miscanthus uses more water relative to maize (consumed 30 % more water), Net Ecosystem Carbon Balance (NECB) results show that it provides the greatest net benefits of sequestering atmospheric CO2 during drought. Our findings highlight the important role of perennial species in sustaining productivity and sequestering CO2 during drought, as compared to maize. We conclude that changing land use from row crops to perennial species will result in more sequestered carbon, even with drought stress, and will be more resilient to prolonged dry periods.

A dual communicator and dual grid-resolution algorithm for petascale simulations of turbulent mixing at high Schmidt number

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Clay, M. P.; Buaria, D.; Gotoh, T.; Yeung, P. K.

2017-10-01

A new dual-communicator algorithm with very favorable performance characteristics has been developed for direct numerical simulation (DNS) of turbulent mixing of a passive scalar governed by an advection-diffusion equation. We focus on the regime of high Schmidt number (S c), where because of low molecular diffusivity the grid-resolution requirements for the scalar field are stricter than those for the velocity field by a factor √{ S c }. Computational throughput is improved by simulating the velocity field on a coarse grid of Nv3 points with a Fourier pseudo-spectral (FPS) method, while the passive scalar is simulated on a fine grid of Nθ3 points with a combined compact finite difference (CCD) scheme which computes first and second derivatives at eighth-order accuracy. A static three-dimensional domain decomposition and a parallel solution algorithm for the CCD scheme are used to avoid the heavy communication cost of memory transposes. A kernel is used to evaluate several approaches to optimize the performance of the CCD routines, which account for 60% of the overall simulation cost. On the petascale supercomputer Blue Waters at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, scalability is improved substantially with a hybrid MPI-OpenMP approach in which a dedicated thread per NUMA domain overlaps communication calls with computational tasks performed by a separate team of threads spawned using OpenMP nested parallelism. At a target production problem size of 81923 (0.5 trillion) grid points on 262,144 cores, CCD timings are reduced by 34% compared to a pure-MPI implementation. Timings for 163843 (4 trillion) grid points on 524,288 cores encouragingly maintain scalability greater than 90%, although the wall clock time is too high for production runs at this size. Performance monitoring with CrayPat for problem sizes up to 40963 shows that the CCD routines can achieve nearly 6% of the peak flop rate. The new DNS code is built upon two existing FPS and CCD codes. With the grid ratio Nθ /Nv = 8, the disparity in the computational requirements for the velocity and scalar problems is addressed by splitting the global communicator MPI_COMM_WORLD into disjoint communicators for the velocity and scalar fields, respectively. Inter-communicator transfer of the velocity field from the velocity communicator to the scalar communicator is handled with discrete send and non-blocking receive calls, which are overlapped with other operations on the scalar communicator. For production simulations at Nθ = 8192 and Nv = 1024 on 262,144 cores for the scalar field, the DNS code achieves 94% strong scaling relative to 65,536 cores and 92% weak scaling relative to Nθ = 1024 and Nv = 128 on 512 cores.

Seizures, cysticercosis and rural-to-urban migration: the PERU MIGRANT study

PubMed Central

Gonzales, Isidro; Miranda, J Jaime; Rodriguez, Silvia; Vargas, Victor; Cjuno, Alfredo; Smeeth, Liam; Gonzalez, Armando E; Tsang, Victor C W; Gilman, Robert H; Garcia, Hector H

2015-01-01

Objectives To examine the prevalence of seizures, epilepsy and seropositivity to cysticercosis in rural villagers (cysticercosis-endemic setting), rural-to-urban migrants into a non-endemic urban shanty town and urban inhabitants of the same non-endemic shanty town. Methods Three Peruvian populations (n = 985) originally recruited into a study about chronic diseases and migration were studied. These groups included rural inhabitants from an endemic region (n = 200), long-term rural-to-urban migrants (n = 589) and individuals living in the same urban setting (n = 196). Seizure disorders were detected by a survey, and a neurologist examined positive respondents. Serum samples from 981/985 individuals were processed for cysticercosis antibodies on immunoblot. Results Epilepsy prevalence (per 1000 people) was 15.3 in the urban group, 35.6 in migrants and 25 in rural inhabitants. A gradient in cysticercosis antibody seroprevalence was observed: urban 2%, migrant 13.5% and rural group 18% (P < 0.05). A similarly increasing pattern of higher seroprevalence was observed among migrants by age at migration. In rural villagers, there was strong evidence of an association between positive serology and having seizures (P = 0.011) but such an association was not observed in long-term migrants or in urban residents. In the entire study population, compared with seronegative participants, those with strong antibody reactions (≥ 4 antibody bands) were more likely to have epilepsy (P < 0.001). Conclusions It is not only international migration that affects cysticercosis endemicity; internal migration can also affect patterns of endemicity within an endemic country. The neurological consequences of cysticercosis infection likely outlast the antibody response for years after rural-to-urban migration. Objectifs Examiner la prévalence des crises d’épilepsie, de l’épilepsie et de la séropositivité à la cysticercose chez les villageois des zones rurales (cadre endémique pour la cysticercose), chez les migrants des zones ruraux vers les zones urbaines dans un bidonville urbain non endémique et chez les habitants urbains du même bidonville non endémique. Méthodes Trois populations péruviennes (n = 985) recrutées initialement dans une étude sur les maladies chroniques et la migration, ont été étudiées. Ces groupes comprenaient des habitants de zones rurales d'une région d'endémie (n = 200), des migrants de long terme de zones ruraux vers les villes (n = 589) et les personnes vivant dans le même milieu urbain (n = 196). Les troubles épileptiques ont été détectés par un sondage et un neurologue a examiné les répondants positifs. Des échantillons de sérum de 981/985 individus ont été testés pour les anticorps de cysticercose par Immunoblot. Résultats La prévalence de l’épilepsie (pour 1000 personnes) était de 15,3 dans le groupe urbain; 35,6 chez les migrants et 25 dans la population rurale. Un gradient dans la séroprévalence des anticorps de la cysticercose a été observé: dans le groupe urbain 2%, le groupe de migrants 13,5% et le groupe rural 18% (p <0,05). Une tendance croissante similaire de séroprévalence plus élevée a été observée chez les migrants selon l’âge à la migration. Chez les villageois ruraux, il y avait des preuves solides d'une association entre une sérologie positive et le fait d'avoir des crises (p = 0,011), mais une telle association n'a pas été observée chez les migrants de long terme ou chez les résidents urbains. Dans l'ensemble de la population de l’étude, ceux avec de fortes réactions d'anticorps (≥ 4 bandes d'anticorps) étaient plus susceptibles d'avoir l’épilepsie (p <0,001) comparé aux participants séronégatifs. Conclusions La migration internationale n'est pas la seule qui affecte l'endémicité de la cysticercose; la migration interne peut aussi modifier les profils d'endémicité au sein d'un même pays d'endémie. Les conséquences neurologiques de l'infection par la cysticercose sont susceptibles de survivre à la réponse d'anticorps durant des années après la migration des zones rurales vers les zones urbaines. Objetivos Examinar la prevalencia de convulsiones, epilepsia, y seropositividad para cisticercosis entre población rural (de zonas endémicas para cisticercosis), inmigrantes provenientes de zonas rurales a tugurios urbanos no endémicos, y habitantes urbanos de los mismo tugurios urbanos no endémicos. Métodos Se estudiaron tres poblaciones peruanas (n=985) originalmente reclutadas en un estudio de enfermedades crónicas y migración. Estos grupos incluían habitantes rurales de una región endémica (n=200), inmigrantes de larga duración de zonas rurales a urbanas (n=589), e individuos que vivían en la misma zona urbana (n=196). Las convulsiones se detectaron mediante una encuesta y un neurólogo examinó a quienes habían respondido positivamente. Se procesaron muestras de suero de 981/985 individuos en busca de anticuerpos para cisticercosis mediante inmunoblot. Resultados La prevalencia de epilepsia (por 1,000 personas) era de 15.3 en el grupo urbano, 35.6 en inmigrantes y 25 en habitantes rurales. Se observó un gradiente en la seroprevalencia de los anticuerpos para cisticercosis: grupos urbano 2%, inmigrante 13.5% y rural 18% (p<0.05). Se observó un patrón de aumento similar de mayor seroprevalencia entre inmigrantes según la edad que tenían en el momento de emigrar. En pobladores rurales, había una evidencia importante de asociación entre tener una serología positiva y sufrir convulsiones (p=0.011), pero esta asociación no se observaba en inmigrantes de larga duración o residentes urbanos. En la población al completo, comparada con los participantes seronegativos, aquellos con una fuerte reactividad de anticuerpos (≥4 bandas de anticuerpos) tenían una mayor probabilidad de sufrir epilepsia (p<0.001). Conclusiones No solo la migración internacional afecta la endemicidad de cisticercosis; la migración interna también puede afectar los patrones de endemicidad dentro de un país endémico. Las consecuencias neurológicas de la infección por cisticercos podrían durar más que la respuesta a anticuerpos años después de la migración de zonas rurales a zonas urbanas. PMID:25581851

WE-A-207-00: In Memoriam of Jacques Ovadia - Reinvigorating Scientific Excellence: Electron Beam Therapy - Past, Present and Future

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

The Medical Physics community lost one of its early pioneers in radiation oncology physics, Jacques Ovadia, who passed away in April of 2014 at the age of 90. Jacques received his Ph.D. in Nuclear Physics from the University of Illinois at Urbana in 1951. Subsequently, under the guidance of John Laughlin, he was introduced to the field of Medical Physics. When John moved to Memorial Sloan Kettering, Jacques followed him. There he gained clinical experience and expertise in the then cutting-edge field of high energy electron beam therapy. In 1956, Jacques joined Dr. Erich Uhlmann at Michael Reese Hospital inmore » Chicago where one of the country’s first high energy medical linear accelerators had just been installed. During his 35 year tenure, Dr. Ovadia built a strong Medical Physics department that merged in 1984 with that of the University of Chicago. Jacques pioneered the use of high energy electron beams to treat deep seated tumors, multiple-field chest wall irradiation with variable electron energies, and even anticipated the current interest in high energy electron beam grid-therapy. At an early stage, he introduced a simulator, computerized treatment planning and in-house developed record and verify software. He retired in 1990 as Professor emeritus in Radiation and Cellular Biology at the University of Chicago. Dr. Ovadia was an early and strong supporter of AAPM. He was present at the Chicago ROMPS meeting where the decision was made to form an independent professional society for medical physics. He served as AAPM president in 1976. Jacques Ovadia is survived by his wife of 58 years, Florence, their daughter Corinne Graefe and son Marc Ovadia, MD, as well as four grandchildren and one great-grandchild. Jacques’ dynamic and ever enthusiastic personality inspired all who collaborated with him. He will be greatly missed.« less

Nucleon-deuteron scattering with the JISP16 potential

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Skibiński, R.; Golak, J.; Topolnicki, K.; Witała, H.; Volkotrub, Yu.; Kamada, H.; Shirokov, A. M.; Okamoto, R.; Suzuki, K.; Vary, J. P.

2018-01-01

The nucleon-nucleon J -matrix inverse scattering potential JISP16 is applied to elastic nucleon-deuteron scattering and the deuteron breakup process at the laboratory nucleon energies up to 135 MeV. The formalism of the Faddeev equations is used to obtain three-nucleon scattering states. We compare predictions based on the JISP16 force with data and with results based on various two-body interactions, including the CD Bonn, the Argonne AV18, the chiral force with the semilocal regularization at the fifth order of the chiral expansion and with low-momentum interactions obtained from the CD Bonn force as well as with the predictions from the combination of the AV18 NN interaction and the Urbana IX 3 N force. JISP16 provides a satisfactory description of some observables at low energies but strong deviations from data as well as from standard and chiral potential predictions with increasing energy. However, there are also polarization observables at low energies for which the JISP16 predictions differ from those based on the other forces by a factor of two. The reason for such a behavior can be traced back to the P -wave components of the JISP16 force. At higher energies the deviations can be enhanced by an interference with higher partial waves and by the properties of the JISP16 deuteron wave function. In addition, we compare the energy and angular dependence of predictions based on the JISP16 force with the results of the low-momentum interactions obtained with different values of the momentum cutoff parameter. We found that such low-momentum forces can be employed to interpret the nucleon-deuteron elastic scattering data only below some specific energy which depends on the cutoff parameter. Since JISP16 is defined in a finite oscillator basis, it has properties similar to low momentum interactions and its application to the description of nucleon-deuteron scattering data is limited to a low momentum transfer region.

A highly scalable particle tracking algorithm using partitioned global address space (PGAS) programming for extreme-scale turbulence simulations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Buaria, D.; Yeung, P. K.

2017-12-01

A new parallel algorithm utilizing a partitioned global address space (PGAS) programming model to achieve high scalability is reported for particle tracking in direct numerical simulations of turbulent fluid flow. The work is motivated by the desire to obtain Lagrangian information necessary for the study of turbulent dispersion at the largest problem sizes feasible on current and next-generation multi-petaflop supercomputers. A large population of fluid particles is distributed among parallel processes dynamically, based on instantaneous particle positions such that all of the interpolation information needed for each particle is available either locally on its host process or neighboring processes holding adjacent sub-domains of the velocity field. With cubic splines as the preferred interpolation method, the new algorithm is designed to minimize the need for communication, by transferring between adjacent processes only those spline coefficients determined to be necessary for specific particles. This transfer is implemented very efficiently as a one-sided communication, using Co-Array Fortran (CAF) features which facilitate small data movements between different local partitions of a large global array. The cost of monitoring transfer of particle properties between adjacent processes for particles migrating across sub-domain boundaries is found to be small. Detailed benchmarks are obtained on the Cray petascale supercomputer Blue Waters at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. For operations on the particles in a 81923 simulation (0.55 trillion grid points) on 262,144 Cray XE6 cores, the new algorithm is found to be orders of magnitude faster relative to a prior algorithm in which each particle is tracked by the same parallel process at all times. This large speedup reduces the additional cost of tracking of order 300 million particles to just over 50% of the cost of computing the Eulerian velocity field at this scale. Improving support of PGAS models on major compilers suggests that this algorithm will be of wider applicability on most upcoming supercomputers.

Executive Function Processes Predict Mobility Outcomes in Older Adults

PubMed Central

Gothe, Neha P.; Fanning, Jason; Awick, Elizabeth; Chung, David; Wójcicki, Thomas R.; Olson, Erin A.; Mullen, Sean P.; Voss, Michelle; Erickson, Kirk I.; Kramer, Arthur F.; McAuley, Edward

2013-01-01

BACKGROUND: There is growing evidence suggesting an association between cognitive function and physical performance in late life. This study examined the relationship between performance on executive function measures and subsequent mobility outcomes among community dwelling older adults across a 12-month randomized controlled exercise trial. DESIGN: Randomized controlled clinical trial SETTING: Champaign-Urbana, Illinois PARTICIPANTS: Community dwelling older adults (N = 179; Mage = 66.4) INTERVENTION: A 12-month exercise trial with two arms: an aerobic exercise group and a stretching and strengthening group MEASUREMENTS: Established cognitive tests of executive function including the flanker task, task switching and a dual task paradigm, and the Wisconsin card sort test. Mobility was assessed using the timed 8-foot up and go test and times to climb up and down a flight of stairs. METHODS: Participants completed the cognitive measures at baseline and the mobility measures at baseline and after 12 months of the intervention. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to determine whether baseline executive function predicted post-intervention functional performance after controlling for age, sex, education, cardiorespiratory fitness and baseline mobility levels. RESULTS: Our analyses revealed that selective baseline executive function measures, particularly performance on the flanker task (β’s =.15 to .17) and the Wisconsin card sort test (β’s =.11 to .16) consistently predicted mobility outcomes at month 12. The estimates were in the expected direction, such that better baseline performance on the executive function measures predicted better performance on the timed mobility tests independent of the intervention group. CONCLUSION: Executive functions of inhibitory control, mental set shifting and attentional flexibility were predictive of functional mobility. Given the literature associating mobility limitations with disability, morbidity, and mortality, these results are important for understanding the antecedents to poor mobility function that can be attenuated by well-designed interventions to improve cognitive performance. PMID:24521364

Downstream lightening and upward heavying, sorting of sediments of uniform grain size but differing in density

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Viparelli, E.; Solari, L.; Hill, K. M.

2014-12-01

Downstream fining, i.e. the tendency for a gradual decrease in grain size in the downstream direction, has been observed and studied in alluvial rivers and in laboratory flumes. Laboratory experiments and field observations show that the vertical sorting pattern over a small Gilbert delta front is characterized by an upward fining profile, with preferential deposition of coarse particles in the lowermost part of the deposit. The present work is an attempt to answer the following questions. Are there analogous sorting patterns in mixtures of sediment particles having the same grain size but differing density? To investigate this, we performed experiments at the Hydrosystems Laboratory at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. During the experiments a Gilbert delta formed and migrated downstream allowing for the study of transport and sorting processes on the surface and within the deposit. The experimental results show 1) preferential deposition of heavy particles in the upstream part of the deposit associated with a pattern of "downstream lightening"; and 2) a vertical sorting pattern over the delta front characterized by a pattern of "upward heavying" with preferential deposition of light particles in the lowermost part of the deposit. The observed downstream lightening is analogous of the downstream fining with preferential deposition of heavy (coarse) particles in the upstream part of the deposit. The observed upward heavying was unexpected because, considering the particle mass alone, the heavy (coarse) particles should have been preferentially deposited in the lowermost part of the deposit. Further, the application of classical fractional bedload transport relations suggests that in the case of mixtures of particles of uniform size and different densities equal mobility is not approached. We hypothesize that granular physics mechanisms traditionally associated with sheared granular flows may be responsible for the observed upward heavying and for the deviation from equal mobility.

Highly Sophisticated Virtual Laboratory Instruments in Education

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gaskins, T.

2006-12-01

Many areas of Science have advanced or stalled according to the ability to see what can not normally be seen. Visual understanding has been key to many of the world's greatest breakthroughs, such as discovery of DNAs double helix. Scientists use sophisticated instruments to see what the human eye can not. Light microscopes, scanning electron microscopes (SEM), spectrometers and atomic force microscopes are employed to examine and learn the details of the extremely minute. It's rare that students prior to university have access to such instruments, or are granted full ability to probe and magnify as desired. Virtual Lab, by providing highly authentic software instruments and comprehensive imagery of real specimens, provides them this opportunity. Virtual Lab's instruments let explorers operate virtual devices on a personal computer to examine real specimens. Exhaustive sets of images systematically and robotically photographed at thousands of positions and multiple magnifications and focal points allow students to zoom in and focus on the most minute detail of each specimen. Controls on each Virtual Lab device interactively and smoothly move the viewer through these images to display the specimen as the instrument saw it. Users control position, magnification, focal length, filters and other parameters. Energy dispersion spectrometry is combined with SEM imagery to enable exploration of chemical composition at minute scale and arbitrary location. Annotation capabilities allow scientists, teachers and students to indicate important features or areas. Virtual Lab is a joint project of NASA and the Beckman Institute at the University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign. Four instruments currently compose the Virtual Lab suite: A scanning electron microscope and companion energy dispersion spectrometer, a high-power light microscope, and a scanning probe microscope that captures surface properties to the level of atoms. Descriptions of instrument operating principles and uses are also part of Virtual Lab. The Virtual Lab software and its increasingly rich collection of specimens are free to anyone. This presentation describes Virtual Lab and its uses in formal and informal education.

Host Plants of Xylosandrus mutilatus in Mississippi

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Stone, W.D.; Nebeker, T.E.; Gerard, P.D.

Host range of Xylosandrus mutilatus (Blandford) in North America is reported here for the first time. Descriptive data such as number of attacks per host, size of stems at point of attacks, and height of attacks above ground are presented. Hosts observed in Mississippi were Acer rubrum L., Acer saccharum Marsh., Acer palmatum Thunb., Ostrya virginiana (Mill.) K. Koch., Cornus florida L., Fagus grandifolia Ehrh., Liquidamber styraciflua L., Carya spp., Liriodendron tulipifera L., Melia azedarach L., Pinus taeda L., Prunus serotina Ehrh., Prunus americana Marsh., Ulmus alata Michaux, and Vitus rotundifolia Michaux. Liquidamber styraciflua had significantly more successful attacks, significantlymore » higher probability of attacks, and significantly higher number of adult beetles per host tree than did Carya spp., A. rubrum, and L. tulipifera. This information is relevant in determining the impact this exotic beetle may have in nurseries, urban areas, and other forestry systems where this beetle becomes established. (author) [Spanish] El rango de hospederos de Xylosandrus mutilatus (Blandford) en America del Norte esta reportado aqui por la primera vez. Se presentan datos descriptivos como el numero de ataques por hospederos, el tamano de los tallos en el punto de ataque y la altura por encima del nivel de tierra de los ataques. Los hospederos observados en el estado de Mississippi fueron Acer rubrum L., Acer saccharum Marsh., Acer palmatum Thunb., Ostrya virginiana (Mill.) K. Koch., Cornus florida L., Fagus grandifolia Ehrh., Liquidamber styraciflua L., Carya spp., Liriodendron tulipifera L., Melia azedarach L., Pinus taeda L., Prunus serotina Ehrh., Prunus americana Marsh., Ulmus alata Michaux y Vitus rotundifolia Michaux. Liquidamber styraciflua tuvo ataques significativamente mas exitosos, una probabilidad significativamente mas alta de ataques y un numero significativamente mayor de adultos de escarabajos por arbol hospedero que Carya spp., A. rubrum y L. tulipifera. Esta informacion es pertinente en determinar el impacto que pueda tener este escarabajo exotico en invernaderos, areas urbanas y otros sistemas forestales donde el escarabajo se establece. (author)« less

Implication of the Proton-Deuteron Radiative Capture for Big Bang Nucleosynthesis.

PubMed

Marcucci, L E; Mangano, G; Kievsky, A; Viviani, M

2016-03-11

The astrophysical S factor for the radiative capture d(p,γ)^{3}He in the energy range of interest for big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) is calculated using an ab initio approach. The nuclear Hamiltonian retains both two- and three-nucleon interactions-the Argonne v_{18} and the Urbana IX, respectively. Both one- and many-body contributions to the nuclear current operator are included. The former retain for the first time, besides the 1/m leading order contribution (m is the nucleon mass), also the next-to-leading order term, proportional to 1/m^{3}. The many-body currents are constructed in order to satisfy the current conservation relation with the adopted Hamiltonian model. The hyperspherical harmonics technique is applied to solve the A=3 bound and scattering states. Particular attention is paid in this second case in order to obtain, in the energy range of BBN, an uncertainty on the astrophysical S factor of the order or below ∼1%. Then, in this energy range, the S factor is found to be ∼10% larger than the currently adopted values. Part of this increase (1%-3%) is due to the 1/m^{3} one-body operator, while the remaining is due to the new more accurate scattering wave functions. We have studied the implication of this new determination for the d(p,γ)^{3}He S factor on the deuterium primordial abundance. We find that the predicted theoretical value for ^{2}H/H is in excellent agreement with its experimental determination, using the most recent determination of the baryon density of the Planck experiment, and with a standard number of relativistic degrees of freedom N_{eff}=3.046 during primordial nucleosynthesis. This calls for a more accurate measurement of the astrophysical S factor in order to confirm the present predictions.

Diffused Silicon Transistors and Switches (1954-55): The Beginning of Integrated Circuit Technology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Holonyak, N.

2003-09-01

Silicon (Si) transistor and integrated circuit (IC) technology has grown so big, and become so important, that it is now hard to recognize where, apart from the invention of the transistor itself (Bardeen and Brattain, Dec 16, 1947), it had its origin. In spite of obvious differences in Ge and Si, in 1950-55 it was not evident in many laboratories, concentrating only on Ge, what form of Ge transistor (grown, alloyed, jet-etched, etc.) might be expected to prevail, with Si not even being considered (or being dismissed outright). What was the need for Si and, at the time, such a seemingly intractable peculiar new technology? The requirement on switching devices of low leakage, and thus the need to leave Ge in favor of Si, led directly in 1954-55 (Bell Telephone Laboratories, BTL) to the exploration of impurity-diffusion and metallization technology to realize Si transistors and p-n-p-n switches. This technology, a more or less ideal thin-layer technology that can be referenced from a single surface (and which indeed has proven to be basically invariant and constantly growing), led further to the discovery (1955) of the protective Si oxide, oxide masking and patterning, and the fundamental basis of the integrated circuit (i.e., device-to-device interconnection by patterned metallization across the oxide). We recount some of the exploratory diffused-impurity Si device development of 1954-55 at BTL, particularly the work in and near Moll's group, that helped to establish the basis for today's electronics. The Si diffused-impurity devices of 1954-55 are described, including work and data not previously reported or broadly known—in fact, much work and data (a new technology) that was carried across the Country to a place that became known as Silicon Valley. For further perspective, an appendix is included of independent early suggestions of Bardeen (Urbana notebook, Feb 1952) to leave Ge in favor of diffused Si devices.

Annotation an effective device for student feedback: a critical review of the literature.

PubMed

Ball, Elaine C

2010-05-01

The paper examines hand-written annotation, its many features, difficulties and strengths as a feedback tool. It extends and clarifies what modest evidence is in the public domain and offers an evaluation of how to use annotation effectively in the support of student feedback [Marshall, C.M., 1998a. The Future of Annotation in a Digital (paper) World. Presented at the 35th Annual GLSLIS Clinic: Successes and Failures of Digital Libraries, June 20-24, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, March 24, pp. 1-20; Marshall, C.M., 1998b. Toward an ecology of hypertext annotation. Hypertext. In: Proceedings of the Ninth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia, June 20-24, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania, US, pp. 40-49; Wolfe, J.L., Nuewirth, C.M., 2001. From the margins to the centre: the future of annotation. Journal of Business and Technical Communication, 15(3), 333-371; Diyanni, R., 2002. One Hundred Great Essays. Addison-Wesley, New York; Wolfe, J.L., 2002. Marginal pedagogy: how annotated texts affect writing-from-source texts. Written Communication, 19(2), 297-333; Liu, K., 2006. Annotation as an index to critical writing. Urban Education, 41, 192-207; Feito, A., Donahue, P., 2008. Minding the gap annotation as preparation for discussion. Arts and Humanities in Higher Education, 7(3), 295-307; Ball, E., 2009. A participatory action research study on handwritten annotation feedback and its impact on staff and students. Systemic Practice and Action Research, 22(2), 111-124; Ball, E., Franks, H., McGrath, M., Leigh, J., 2009. Annotation is a valuable tool to enhance learning and assessment in student essays. Nurse Education Today, 29(3), 284-291]. Although a significant number of studies examine annotation, this is largely related to on-line tools and computer mediated communication and not hand-written annotation as comment, phrase or sign written on the student essay to provide critique. Little systematic research has been conducted to consider how this latter form of annotation influences student learning and assessment or, indeed, helps tutors to employ better annotative practices [Juwah, C., Macfarlane-Dick, D., Matthew, B., Nicol, D., Ross, D., Smith, B., 2004. Enhancing student learning through effective formative feedback. The Higher Education Academy, 1-40; Jewitt, C., Kress, G., 2005. English in classrooms: only write down what you need to know: annotation for what? English in Education, 39(1), 5-18]. There is little evidence on ways to heighten students' self-awareness when their essays are returned with annotated feedback [Storch, N., Tapper, J., 1997. Student annotations: what NNS and NS university students say about their own writing. Journal of Second Language Writing, 6(3), 245-265]. The literature review clarifies forms of annotation as feedback practice and offers a summary of the challenges and usefulness of annotation. Copyright 2009. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Hospitalization in older adults: association with multimorbidity, primary health care and private health plan.

PubMed

Nunes, Bruno Pereira; Soares, Mariangela Uhlmann; Wachs, Louriele Soares; Volz, Pâmela Moraes; Saes, Mirelle de Oliveira; Duro, Suele Manjourany Silva; Thumé, Elaine; Facchini, Luiz Augusto

2017-05-04

Evaluate the association of multimorbidity, primary health care model and possession of a private health plan with hospitalization. A population-based cross-sectional study with 1,593 elderly individuals (60 years old or older) living in the urban area of the city of Bagé, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The outcome was hospitalization in the year preceding the interview. The multimorbidity was evaluated through two cut-off points (≥ 2 and ≥ 3). The primary health care model was defined by residence in areas covered by traditional care or by Family Health Strategy. The older adults mentioned the possession of a private health plan. We performed a gross and adjusted analysis by Poisson regression using a hierarchical model. The adjustment included demographic, socioeconomic, functional capacity disability and health services variables. The occurrence of overall and non-surgical hospitalization was 17.7% (95%CI 15.8-19.6) and 10.6% (95%CI 9.1-12.1), respectively. Older adults with multimorbidity were admitted to hospitals more often when to older adults without multimorbidity, regardless of the exhibition' form of operation. Having a private health plan increased the hospitalization by 1.71 (95%CI 1.09-2.69) times among residents in the areas of the Family Health Strategy when compared to elderly residents in traditional areas without a private health plan. The multimorbidity increased the occurrence of hospitalizations, especially non-surgical ones. Hospitalization was more frequent in older adults with private health plan and those living in Family Health Strategy areas, regardless of the presence of multiple diseases. Avaliar a associação da multimorbidade, modelo de atenção básica e posse de plano de saúde com hospitalização. Estudo transversal de base populacional com 1.593 idosos (60 anos ou mais) residentes na zona urbana do município de Bagé, Rio Grande do Sul. O desfecho foi a hospitalização no ano anterior à entrevista. A multimorbidade foi avaliada por meio de dois pontos de corte (≥ 2 e ≥ 3). O modelo de atenção básica foi definido pela residência em áreas cobertas pela atenção tradicional ou da Estratégia Saúde da Família. A posse de plano de saúde foi referida pelos idosos. Realizou-se análise bruta e ajustada por regressão de Poisson utilizando modelo hierarquizado. O ajuste incluiu variáveis demográficas, socioeconômicas, capacidades funcionais e de serviços de saúde. A ocorrência de hospitalização geral e não cirúrgica foi de 17,7% (IC95% 15,8-19,6) e 10,6% (IC95% 9,1-12,1), respectivamente. Idosos com multimorbidade hospitalizaram mais em comparação com os idosos sem multimorbidade, independentemente da forma de operacionalização da exposição. O plano de saúde aumentou em 1,71 (IC95% 1,09-2,69) vezes a internação hospitalar entre residentes nas áreas da Estratégia Saúde da Família em comparação aos idosos residentes nas áreas tradicionais sem plano de saúde. A multimorbidade aumentou a ocorrência de hospitalizações, principalmente aquelas não cirúrgicas. Idosos com plano de saúde e residentes em áreas de Estratégia Saúde da Família internaram mais, independentemente da presença de múltiplas doenças.

Managing for sustainability in an arid climate: lessons learned from 20 years of groundwater management in Arizona, USA

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jacobs, Katharine L.; Holway, James M.

Substantial progress has been made within central Arizona in moving towards a more sustainable water future, particularly in transitioning the urban demand from a primarily nonrenewable groundwater-based supply to increasing dependence on the Colorado River, Salt River and effluent. Management efforts include a wide range of regulatory and voluntary programs which have had mixed success. The Department of Water Resources has learned a number of key lessons throughout the years, and this paper attempts to establish the water management context and identify those lessons for the benefit of others who may want to evaluate alternative approaches to groundwater management. Themes to be discussed include evaluating water management approaches in a public policy context, the effectiveness of alternative management approaches and the relative merits of regulatory vs. nonregulatory efforts, and the importance of high-quality data in making management decisions. De nets progrès ont été faits dans le centre de l'Arizona pour aller vers une gestion plus durable de l'eau, en particulier en reportant la demande urbaine d'une alimentation basée sur l'eau souterraine primitivement non renouvelable sur une dépendance croissante des rivières Colorado et Salt et des effluents. Les efforts de gestion portent sur une large gamme de programmes de réglementation et d'actions volontaires qui ont réussi. Le Département des Ressources en Eau a appris un certain nombre de leçons clés au cours des années cet article tente d'établir le contexte de gestion de l'eau et d'identifier ces leçons pour le bénéfice de ceux qui cherchent à évaluer des approches alternatives de gestion de l'eau souterraine. Les thèmes à discuter portent sur l'évaluation des approches de gestion de l'eau dans un contexte de politique publique, l'efficacité d'approches alternatives de gestion et les mérites relatifs d'efforts de réglementation par rapport à une absence de réglementation, et l'importance de données de haute qualité dans la prise de décisions de gestion. Resumen Se ha logrado un progreso substancial en el centro de Arizona para conseguir un futuro más sustentable del agua, particularmente al trasladar la demanda urbana desde un suministro basado principalmente en aguas subterráneas no renovables hacia una mayor dependencia de las aguas superficiales de los ríos Colorado y Salado y de los efluentes de aguas depuradas. Los esfuerzos de gestión incluyen un amplio rango de programas legales y voluntarios que han tenido un éxito combinado. El Departamento de Recursos Hídricos ha aprendido diversas lecciones clave a lo largo de los años, y este artículo intenta establecer el contexto de la gestión del agua e identificar lo averiguado para beneficio de terceros que quieran evaluar enfoques alternativos para gestionar las aguas subterráneas. Entre los temas tratados, destaca la evaluación de los enfoques de gestión del agua en un contexto político público, la efectividad de enfoques alternativos de gestión y los méritos relativos de los esfuerzos regulativos y no regulativos, y la importancia de los datos de alta calidad para la toma de decisiones de gestión. Groundwater use in many areas of Arizona greatly exceeds the natural replenishment of the aquifer, so although a portion of the groundwater use is renewable, the majority is not.

Socioeconomic and regional differences in active transportation in Brazil.

PubMed

Sá, Thiago Hérick de; Pereira, Rafael Henrique Moraes; Duran, Ana Clara; Monteiro, Carlos Augusto

2016-06-27

To present national estimates regarding walking or cycling for commuting in Brazil and in 10 metropolitan regions. By using data from the Health section of 2008's Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílio (Brazil's National Household Sample Survey), we estimated how often employed people walk or cycle to work, disaggregating our results by sex, age range, education level, household monthly income per capita, urban or rural address, metropolitan regions, and macro-regions in Brazil. Furthermore, we estimated the distribution of this same frequency according to quintiles of household monthly income per capita in each metropolitan region of the country. A third of the employed men and women walk or cycle from home to work in Brazil. For both sexes, this share decreases as income and education levels rise, and it is higher among younger individuals, especially among those living in rural areas and in the Northeast region of the country. Depending on the metropolitan region, the practice of active transportation is two to five times more frequent among low-income individuals than among high-income individuals. Walking or cycling to work in Brazil is most frequent among low-income individuals and the ones living in less economically developed areas. Active transportation evaluation in Brazil provides important information for public health and urban mobility policy-making. Apresentar estimativas nacionais sobre o deslocamento a pé ou de bicicleta no trajeto casa-trabalho no Brasil e em 10 de suas regiões metropolitanas. Utilizando dados do Suplemento sobre Saúde da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios de 2008, estimamos a frequência de pessoas empregadas que se deslocam a pé ou de bicicleta no trajeto casa-trabalho estratificada por sexo, e segundo faixa etária, escolaridade, renda domiciliar per capita, residência em área urbana ou rural, regiões metropolitanas e macrorregiões do país. Adicionalmente, estimamos a distribuição da mesma frequência segundo quintos da distribuição da renda domiciliar per capita em cada região metropolitana. Um terço dos homens e mulheres empregados desloca-se a pé ou de bicicleta de casa para o trabalho no Brasil. Em ambos os sexos, esta proporção diminui com o aumento da renda e da escolaridade e é maior entre os mais jovens, entre os que residem em área rural e naqueles residentes na região Nordeste. A depender da região metropolitana, a prática de deslocamento ativo entre os mais pobres é de duas a cinco vezes maior do que entre os mais ricos. O deslocamento a pé ou de bicicleta para o trabalho no Brasil é mais frequente entre os mais pobres e entre pessoas que vivem em áreas e regiões economicamente menos desenvolvidas. A avaliação do deslocamento ativo no País traz informações importantes para a discussão de políticas públicas de mobilidade.

Core-Noise Research

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hultgren, Lennart S.

2012-01-01

This presentation is a technical summary of and outlook for NASA-internal and NASA-sponsored external research on core noise funded by the Fundamental Aeronautics Program Subsonic Fixed Wing (SFW) Project. Sections of the presentation cover: the SFW system-level noise metrics for the 2015 (N+1), 2020 (N+2), and 2025 (N+3) timeframes; SFW strategic thrusts and technical challenges; SFW advanced subsystems that are broadly applicable to N+3 vehicle concepts, with an indication where further noise research is needed; the components of core noise (compressor, combustor and turbine noise) and a rationale for NASA's current emphasis on the combustor-noise component; the increase in the relative importance of core noise due to turbofan design trends; the need to understand and mitigate core-noise sources for high-efficiency small gas generators; and the current research activities in the core-noise area, with additional details given about forthcoming updates to NASA's Aircraft Noise Prediction Program (ANOPP) core-noise prediction capabilities, two NRA efforts (Honeywell International, Phoenix, AZ and University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, respectively) to improve the understanding of core-noise sources and noise propagation through the engine core, and an effort to develop oxide/oxide ceramic-matrix-composite (CMC) liners for broadband noise attenuation suitable for turbofan-core application. Core noise must be addressed to ensure that the N+3 noise goals are met. Focused, but long-term, core-noise research is carried out to enable the advanced high-efficiency small gas-generator subsystem, common to several N+3 conceptual designs, needed to meet NASA's technical challenges. Intermediate updates to prediction tools are implemented as the understanding of the source structure and engine-internal propagation effects is improved. The NASA Fundamental Aeronautics Program has the principal objective of overcoming today's national challenges in air transportation. The SFW Quiet-Aircraft Subproject aims to develop concepts and technologies to reduce perceived community noise attributable to aircraft with minimal impact on weight and performance. This reduction of aircraft noise is critical to enabling the anticipated large increase in future air traffic.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Keefer, Donald A.; Shaffer, Eric G.; Storsved, Brynne

A free software application, RVA, has been developed as a plugin to the US DOE-funded ParaView visualization package, to provide support in the visualization and analysis of complex reservoirs being managed using multi-fluid EOR techniques. RVA, for Reservoir Visualization and Analysis, was developed as an open-source plugin to the 64 bit Windows version of ParaView 3.14. RVA was developed at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, with contributions from the Illinois State Geological Survey, Department of Computer Science and National Center for Supercomputing Applications. RVA was designed to utilize and enhance the state-of-the-art visualization capabilities within ParaView, readily allowing jointmore » visualization of geologic framework and reservoir fluid simulation model results. Particular emphasis was placed on enabling visualization and analysis of simulation results highlighting multiple fluid phases, multiple properties for each fluid phase (including flow lines), multiple geologic models and multiple time steps. Additional advanced functionality was provided through the development of custom code to implement data mining capabilities. The built-in functionality of ParaView provides the capacity to process and visualize data sets ranging from small models on local desktop systems to extremely large models created and stored on remote supercomputers. The RVA plugin that we developed and the associated User Manual provide improved functionality through new software tools, and instruction in the use of ParaView-RVA, targeted to petroleum engineers and geologists in industry and research. The RVA web site (http://rva.cs.illinois.edu) provides an overview of functions, and the development web site (https://github.com/shaffer1/RVA) provides ready access to the source code, compiled binaries, user manual, and a suite of demonstration data sets. Key functionality has been included to support a range of reservoirs visualization and analysis needs, including: sophisticated connectivity analysis, cross sections through simulation results between selected wells, simplified volumetric calculations, global vertical exaggeration adjustments, ingestion of UTChem simulation results, ingestion of Isatis geostatistical framework models, interrogation of joint geologic and reservoir modeling results, joint visualization and analysis of well history files, location-targeted visualization, advanced correlation analysis, visualization of flow paths, and creation of static images and animations highlighting targeted reservoir features.« less

Studies of midlatitude mesospheric temperature variability and its relationship to gravity waves, tides, and planetary waves

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Beissner, Kenneth C.

1997-10-01

Temperature observations of the middle atmosphere have been carried out from September 1993 through July 1995 using a Rayleigh backscatter lidar located at Utah State University (42oN, 111oW). Data have been analyzed to obtain absolute temperature profiles from 40 to 90 km. Various sources of error were reviewed in order to ensure the quality of the measurements. This included conducting a detailed examination of the data reduction procedure, integration methods, and averaging techniques, eliminating errors of 1-3%. The temperature structure climatology has been compared with several other mid-latitude data sets, including those from the French lidars, the SME spacecraft, the sodium lidars at Ft. Collins and Urbana, the MSISe90 model, and a high- latitude composite set from Andenes, Norway. In general, good agreement occurs at mid-latitudes, but areas of disagreement do exist. Among these, the Utah temperatures are significantly warmer than the MSISe90 temperatures above approximately 80 km, they are lower below 80 km than any of the others in summer, they show major year- to-year variability in the winter profiles, and they differ from the sodium lidar data at the altitudes where the temperature profiles should overlap. Also, comparisons between observations and a physics based global circulation model, the TIME-GCM, were conducted for a mid-latitude site. A photo-chemical model was developed to predict airglow intensity of OH based on output from the TIME-GCM. Many discrepancies between the model and observations were found, including a modeled summer mesopause too high, a stronger summer inversion not normally observed by lidar, a fall-spring asymmetry in the OH winds and lidar temperatures but not reproduced in the TIME-GCM equinoctial periods, larger winter seasonal wind tide than observed by the FPI, and a failure of the model to reverse the summertime mesospheric jet. It is our conclusion these discrepancies are due to a gravity wave parameterization in the model that is too weak and an increase will effectively align the model calculations with our observations.

Projecting the long-term biogeochemical impacts of a diverse agroforestry system in the Midwest

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wolz, K. J.; DeLucia, E. H.; Paul, R. F.

2014-12-01

Annual, monoculture cropping systems have become the standard agricultural model in the Midwestern US. Unintended consequences of these systems include surface and groundwater pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, loss of biodiversity, and soil erosion. Diverse agroforestry (DA) systems dominated by fruit and nut trees/shrubs have been proposed as an agricultural model for the Midwestern US that can restore ecosystem services while simultaneously providing economically viable and industrially relevant staple food crops. A DA system including six species of fruit and nut crops was established on long-time conventional agricultural land at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 2012, with the conventional corn-soybean rotation (CSR) as a control. Initial field measurements of the nitrogen and water cycles during the first two years of transition have indicated a significant decrease in N losses and modification of the seasonal evapotranspiration (ET) pattern. While these early results suggest that the land use transition from CSR to DA can have positive biogeochemical consequences, models must be utilized to make long-term biogeochemical projections in agroforestry systems. Initial field measurements of plant phenology, net N2O flux, nitrate leaching, soil respiration, and soil moisture were used to parameterize the DA system within the DayCENT biogeochemical model as the "savanna" ecosystem type. The model was validated with an independent subset of field measurements and then run to project biogeochemical cycling in the DA system for 25 years past establishment. Model results show that N losses via N2O emission or nitrate leaching reach a minimum within the first 5 years and then maintain this tight cycle into the future. While early ET field measurements revealed similar magnitudes between the DA and CSR systems, modeled ET continued to increase for the DA system throughout the projected time since the trees would continue to grow larger. These modeling results illustrate the potential long-term biogeochemical impacts that can be generated by a land-use transition to a diverse agroforestry system in the Midwest.

Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Cycle Modeling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Woo, D.; Chaoka, S.; Kumar, P.; Quijano, J. C.

2012-12-01

Second generation bioenergy crops, such as miscanthus (Miscantus × giganteus) and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), are regarded as clean energy sources, and are an attractive option to mitigate the human-induced climate change. However, the global climate change and the expansion of perennial grass bioenergy crops have the power to alter the biogeochemical cycles in soil, especially, soil carbon storages, over long time scales. In order to develop a predictive understanding, this study develops a coupled hydrological-soil nutrient model to simulate soil carbon responses under different climate scenarios such as: (i) current weather condition, (ii) decreased precipitation by -15%, and (iii) increased temperature up to +3C for four different crops, namely miscanthus, switchgrass, maize, and natural prairie. We use Precision Agricultural Landscape Modeling System (PALMS), version 5.4.0, to capture biophysical and hydrological components coupled with a multilayer carbon and ¬nitrogen cycle model. We apply the model at daily time scale to the Energy Biosciences Institute study site, located in the University of Illinois Research Farms, in Urbana, Illinois. The atmospheric forcing used to run the model was generated stochastically from parameters obtained using available data recorded in Bondville Ameriflux Site. The model simulations are validated with observations of drainage and nitrate and ammonium concentrations recorded in drain tiles during 2011. The results of this study show (1) total soil carbon storage of miscanthus accumulates most noticeably due to the significant amount of aboveground plant carbon, and a relatively high carbon to nitrogen ratio and lignin content, which reduce the litter decomposition rate. Also, (2) the decreased precipitation contributes to the enhancement of total soil carbon storage and soil nitrogen concentration because of the reduced microbial biomass pool. However, (3) an opposite effect on the cycle is introduced by the increased temperature. The simulation results obtained in this study show differences in the soil biogeochemistry induced by the different crops analyzed. Considering the spatial scale at which this crops are cultivated this results suggest there could be important implications in the carbon and nitrogen cycle and indirect feedbacks on climate change. This study also helps us understand the future soil mineral cycle, and ensure a sustainable transition to bioenergy crops.

Sensitivity of Middle Atmospheric Temperature and Circulation in the UIUC Mesosphere-Stratosphere-Troposphere GCM to the Treatment of Subgrid-Scale Gravity-Wave Breaking

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Yang, Fanglin; Schlesinger, Michael E.; Andranova, Natasha; Zubov, Vladimir A.; Rozanov, Eugene V.; Callis, Lin B.

2003-01-01

The sensitivity of the middle atmospheric temperature and circulation to the treatment of mean- flow forcing due to breaking gravity waves was investigated using the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 40-layer Mesosphere-Stratosphere-Troposphere General Circulation Model (MST-GCM). Three GCM experiments were performed. The gravity-wave forcing was represented first by Rayleigh friction, and then by the Alexander and Dunkerton (AD) parameterization with weak and strong breaking effects of gravity waves. In all experiments, the Palmer et al. parameterization was included to treat the breaking of topographic gravity waves in the troposphere and lower stratosphere. Overall, the experiment with the strong breaking effect simulates best the middle atmospheric temperature and circulation. With Rayleigh friction and the weak breaking effect, a large warm bias of up to 60 C was found in the summer upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere. This warm bias was linked to the inability of the GCM to simulate the reversal of the zonal winds from easterly to westerly crossing the mesopause in the summer hemisphere. With the strong breaking effect, the GCM was able to simulate this reversal, and essentially eliminated the warm bias. This improvement was the result of a much stronger meridional transport circulation that possesses a strong vertical ascending branch in the summer upper mesosphere, and hence large adiabatic cooling. Budget analysis indicates that 'in the middle atmosphere the forces that act to maintain a steady zonal-mean zonal wind are primarily those associated with the meridional transport circulation and breaking gravity waves. Contributions from the interaction of the model-resolved eddies with the mean flow are small. To obtain a transport circulation in the mesosphere of the UIUC MST-GCM that is strong enough to produce the observed cold summer mesopause, gravity-wave forcing larger than 100 m/s/day in magnitude is required near the summer mesopause. In the tropics, only with the AD parameterization can the model produce realistic semiannual oscillations.

RVA: A Plugin for ParaView 3.14

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

2015-09-04

RVA is a plugin developed for the 64-bit Windows version of the ParaView 3.14 visualization package. RVA is designed to provide support in the visualization and analysis of complex reservoirs being managed using multi-fluid EOR techniques. RVA, for Reservoir Visualization and Analysis, was developed at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, with contributions from the Illinois State Geological Survey, Department of Computer Science and National Center for Supercomputing Applications. RVA was designed to utilize and enhance the state-of-the-art visualization capabilities within ParaView, readily allowing joint visualization of geologic framework and reservoir fluid simulation model results. Particular emphasis was placed onmore » enabling visualization and analysis of simulation results highlighting multiple fluid phases, multiple properties for each fluid phase (including flow lines), multiple geologic models and multiple time steps. Additional advanced functionality was provided through the development of custom code to implement data mining capabilities. The built-in functionality of ParaView provides the capacity to process and visualize data sets ranging from small models on local desktop systems to extremely large models created and stored on remote supercomputers. The RVA plugin that we developed and the associated User Manual provide improved functionality through new software tools, and instruction in the use of ParaView-RVA, targeted to petroleum engineers and geologists in industry and research. The RVA web site (http://rva.cs.illinois.edu) provides an overview of functions, and the development web site (https://github.com/shaffer1/RVA) provides ready access to the source code, compiled binaries, user manual, and a suite of demonstration data sets. Key functionality has been included to support a range of reservoirs visualization and analysis needs, including: sophisticated connectivity analysis, cross sections through simulation results between selected wells, simplified volumetric calculations, global vertical exaggeration adjustments, ingestion of UTChem simulation results, ingestion of Isatis geostatistical framework models, interrogation of joint geologic and reservoir modeling results, joint visualization and analysis of well history files, location-targeted visualization, advanced correlation analysis, visualization of flow paths, and creation of static images and animations highlighting targeted reservoir features.« less

Chromium Stable Isotope Fractionation - An Indicator of Hexavalent Chromium Reduction.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ellis, A.; Johnson, T. M.; Bullen, T. D.

2001-12-01

Chromium is a common anthropogenic contaminant in surface water and ground water, and is also of interest in oceanography. It is redox-active; the two common valences in natural waters are Cr(VI), which is highly soluble and toxic, and Cr(III), which is relatively insoluble. Redox reactions thus control Cr mobility in aqueous solutions, and reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) is the most important reaction controlling attenuation of Cr in groundwater. Our results show that Cr(VI) reduction favors the lighter isotopes and leads to enrichment of heavier isotopes in the remaining Cr(VI). Cr isotope measurements thus show great promise as indicators of Cr(VI) reduction. We report here the first measurements of the magnitude of Cr isotope fractionation during Cr(VI) reduction and variations in δ 53Cr values obtained from three contaminated sites. Experiments were conducted to measure Cr isotope fractionation during Cr(VI) reduction by suspensions of magnetite and unamended sediments from a local pond, Urbana, IL and San Francisco Estuary near Martinez, CA. Suspensions were incubated anaerobically with constant shaking, and complete Cr(VI) reduction occurred within a few days. Cr(VI) from intermediate time points in the experiments was purified via ion exchange and 53Cr/52Cr ratios were measured via TIMS with a double isotope spike. The instantaneous per mil fractionation, ɛ , was calculated assuming a Rayleigh fractionation model. The ɛ for Cr(VI) reduction on magnetite surfaces yielded a fractionation of -3.5 ‰ . The ɛ values for the pond and estuary sediments were -3.5 ‰ and -3.3 ‰ respectively. The size of this Cr isotope fractionation is encouraging, as current precision is 0.2 \\permil. δ 53Cr values in dissolved Cr(VI) from three contaminated sites range from 1.1 ‰ to 5.8 ‰ , suggesting that Cr(VI) reduction has occurred and has induced isotopic fractionation in these settings. δ 53Cr values measured from Cr(VI) in plating baths show little or no fractionation during plating operations during up to 5 years of use. These results demonstrate that Cr stable isotope analyses should be a highly practical indicator of the critical chromate reduction reaction, and an otherwise useful geologic and oceanographic tool.

Research Problems in Data Curation: Outcomes from the Data Curation Education in Research Centers Program

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Palmer, C. L.; Mayernik, M. S.; Weber, N.; Baker, K. S.; Kelly, K.; Marlino, M. R.; Thompson, C. A.

2013-12-01

The need for data curation is being recognized in numerous institutional settings as national research funding agencies extend data archiving mandates to cover more types of research grants. Data curation, however, is not only a practical challenge. It presents many conceptual and theoretical challenges that must be investigated to design appropriate technical systems, social practices and institutions, policies, and services. This presentation reports on outcomes from an investigation of research problems in data curation conducted as part of the Data Curation Education in Research Centers (DCERC) program. DCERC is developing a new model for educating data professionals to contribute to scientific research. The program is organized around foundational courses and field experiences in research and data centers for both master's and doctoral students. The initiative is led by the Graduate School of Library and Information Science at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, in collaboration with the School of Information Sciences at the University of Tennessee, and library and data professionals at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). At the doctoral level DCERC is educating future faculty and researchers in data curation and establishing a research agenda to advance the field. The doctoral seminar, Research Problems in Data Curation, was developed and taught in 2012 by the DCERC principal investigator and two doctoral fellows at the University of Illinois. It was designed to define the problem space of data curation, examine relevant concepts and theories related to both technical and social perspectives, and articulate research questions that are either unexplored or under theorized in the current literature. There was a particular emphasis on the Earth and environmental sciences, with guest speakers brought in from NCAR, National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC), and Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Through the assignments, students constructed dozens of research questions informed by class readings, presentations, and discussions. A technical report is in progress on the resulting research agenda covering: data standards; infrastructure; research context; data reuse; sharing and access; preservation; and conceptual foundations. This presentation will discuss the agenda and its importance for the geosciences, highlighting high priority research questions. It will also introduce the related research to be undertaken by two DCERC doctoral students at NCAR during the 2013-2014 academic year and other data curation research in progress by the doctoral DCERC team.

Recovery Act: Understanding the Impact of CO 2 Injection on the Subsurface Microbial Community in an Illinois Basin CCS Reservoir: Integrated Student Training in Geoscience and Geomicrobiology

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Fouke, Bruce

An integrated research and teaching program was developed to provide cross--disciplinary training opportunities in the emerging field of carbon capture and storage (CCS) for geobiology students attending the University of Illinois Urbana-­Champaign (UIUC). Students from across the UIUC campus participated, including those from the departments of Geology, Microbiology, Biochemistry, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Animal Sciences and the Institute for Genomic Biology. The project took advantage of the unique opportunity provided by the drilling and sampling of the large-­scale Phase III CCS demonstration Illinois Basin - Decatur Project (IBDP) in the central Illinois Basin at nearby Decatur, Illinois. The IBPD ismore » under the direction of the Illinois State Geological Survey (ISGS, located on the UIUC campus) and the Midwest Geological Sequestration Consortium (MGSC). The research component of this project focused on the subsurface sampling and identification of microbes inhabiting the subsurface Cambrian-­age Mt. Simon Sandstone. In addition to formation water collected from the injection and monitoring wells, sidewall rock cores were collected and analyzed to characterize the cements and diagenetic features of the host Mt. Simon Sandstone. This established a dynamic geobiological framework, as well as a comparative baseline, for future studies of how CO 2 injection might affect the deep microbial biosphere at other CCS sites. Three manuscripts have been prepared as a result of these activities, which are now being finalized for submission to top-­tier international peer-­reviewed research journals. The training component of this project was structured to ensure that a broad group of UIUC students, faculty and staff gained insight into CCS issues. An essential part of this training was that the UIUC faculty mentored and involved undergraduate and graduate students, as well as postdocs and research scientists, at all stages of the project in order to develop CCS-­focused classroom and field courses, as well as seminars. This program provided an excellent opportunity for participants to develop the background necessary to establish longer-­term research in CCS-­related geology and microbial ecology. Further, the program provided an ongoing dynamic platform to foster long-term collaboration with the regional ISGS and MGSC sequestration partnership, while offering hands-­on, applied learning experiences.« less

Seasonal variations of the semi-diurnal and diurnal tides in the MLT: multi-year MF radar observations from 2 to 70°N, and the GSWM tidal model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Manson, A.; Meek, C.; Hagan, M.; Hall, C.; Hocking, W.; MacDougall, J.; Franke, S.; Riggin, D.; Fritts, D.; Vincent, R.; Burrage, M.

1999-07-01

Continuous observations of the wind field have been made by six Medium Frequency Radars (MFRs), located between the equator and high northern latitudes: Christmas Islands (2°N), Hawaii (22°N), Urbana (40°N), London (43°N), Saskatoon (52°N) and Tromsø (70°N). Data have been sought for the time interval 1990-1997, and typically 5 years of data have become available from each station, to demonstrate the level of annual consistency and variability. Common harmonic analysis is applied so that the monthly amplitudes and phases of the semi-diurnal (SD) and diurnal (D) wind oscillations are available in the height range of (typically) 75-95 km in the upper Middle Atmosphere. Comparisons are made with tides from the Global Scale Wave Model (GSWM), which are available for 3-month seasons. The emphasis is upon the monthly climatologies at each location based upon comparisons of profiles, and also latitudinal plots of amplitudes and phases at particular heights. For the diurnal tide, the agreement between observations and model is now quite excellent with modelled values frequently lying within the range of yearly values. Both observations and model demonstrate strong seasonal changes. This result is a striking improvement over the comparisons of 1989 (JATP, Special issue). In particular, the phases and phase-gradients for the non-winter months at mid- to high-latitudes are now in excellent agreement. Some of the low latitude discrepancies are attributed to the existence of non-migrating tidal components associated with tropospheric latent heat release. For the semi-diurnal tide, the observed strong transitions between clear solstitial states are less well captured by the model. There is little evidence for improvement over the promising comparisons of 1989. In particular, the late-summer/autumnal tidal maximum of mid-latitudes is observed to be larger, and with strong monthly variability. Also the summer modelled tide has unobserved short (20 km) wavelengths at high latitudes, and much smaller amplitudes than observed at all extratropical locations. Possible improvements for the GSWM's simulations of the SD tide are discussed, which involve migrating tidal modes due to tropospheric latent heating.

Investigating the processes of ammonia exchanges between the atmosphere and a corn canopy following Urea Ammonium Nitrate (UAN) fertilization with urease inhibitor NBPT

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lichiheb, N.; Myles, L.; Buban, M.; Heuer, M.; Nelson, A. J.; Koloutsou-Vakakis, S.; Rood, M. J.

2017-12-01

Agriculture is the main source of atmospheric emission of ammonia (NH3). The impact of these emissions on air quality is a rising subject of concern in the U.S. due to their adverse effect on human health and the environment. Emissions of NH3 from fertilized crop land occur as soon as fertilizer is applied on the farmed surface and emission can last from a few days to several weeks, depending on the properties of the specific fertilizer and environmental conditions. Because of the variability of these conditions, spatial and temporal variability of NH3 emissions is also variable and uncertain. Therefore, measurement of NH3 emissions is important for understanding the variables affecting the magnitude and temporal distribution of NH3 from fertilized fields. The aim of this study is to investigate the magnitude and the temporal characteristics of NH3 emission over a corn canopy fertilized with UAN and urease inhibitor NBPT, as well as their dependence on environmental variables. The NH3 fluxes above a corn canopy were measured using the flux-gradient (FG) and relaxed eddy accumulation (REA) methods over a period of approximately 3 months following fertilization in a corn field at the Energy Farm at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA. NH3 fluxes were continuously monitored and averaged over 30 min with the FG method. For REA technique, NH3 fluxes were measured in four-hour periods during mornings and afternoons. During the first month after fertilization, prior to corn emergence and for relatively low LAI (<2), NH3 fluxes were positively correlated with soil surface temperature. Then the canopy recaptured NH3 emissions from the soil when the canopy has fully developed. A week after the fertilization, the highest volatilization peaks of 2300 ng Nm2s-1 using FG and 800 ng Nm2s-1 using REA were measured. The behavior of this fertilizer was explained by the urease inhibitor which reduced NH3 volatilization and delayed the time of the maximum rate of loss. This delay allows more time for the UAN to become incorporated into the soil. On the basis of this experimental study, urease inhibitor has a considerable effect on the rate and extent of NH3 volatilization. The effect of this inhibitor needs to be parameterized and implemented in the existing bi-directional NH3 exchange models for future models improvements.

Seismic risk perception test

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Crescimbene, Massimo; La Longa, Federica; Camassi, Romano; Pino, Nicola Alessandro

2013-04-01

The perception of risks involves the process of collecting, selecting and interpreting signals about uncertain impacts of events, activities or technologies. In the natural sciences the term risk seems to be clearly defined, it means the probability distribution of adverse effects, but the everyday use of risk has different connotations (Renn, 2008). The two terms, hazards and risks, are often used interchangeably by the public. Knowledge, experience, values, attitudes and feelings all influence the thinking and judgement of people about the seriousness and acceptability of risks. Within the social sciences however the terminology of 'risk perception' has become the conventional standard (Slovic, 1987). The mental models and other psychological mechanisms which people use to judge risks (such as cognitive heuristics and risk images) are internalized through social and cultural learning and constantly moderated (reinforced, modified, amplified or attenuated) by media reports, peer influences and other communication processes (Morgan et al., 2001). Yet, a theory of risk perception that offers an integrative, as well as empirically valid, approach to understanding and explaining risk perception is still missing". To understand the perception of risk is necessary to consider several areas: social, psychological, cultural, and their interactions. Among the various research in an international context on the perception of natural hazards, it seemed promising the approach with the method of semantic differential (Osgood, C.E., Suci, G., & Tannenbaum, P. 1957, The measurement of meaning. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press). The test on seismic risk perception has been constructed by the method of the semantic differential. To compare opposite adjectives or terms has been used a Likert's scale to seven point. The test consists of an informative part and six sections respectively dedicated to: hazard; vulnerability (home and workplace); exposed value (with reference to population and territory); seismic risk in general; risk information and their sources; comparison between seismic risk and other natural hazards. Informative data include: Region, Province, Municipality of residence, Data compilation, Age, Sex, Place of Birth, Nationality, Marital status, Children, Level of education, Employment. The test allows to obtain the perception score for each factor: Hazard, Exposed value, Vulnerability. These scores can be put in relation with the scientific data relating to hazard, vulnerability and the exposed value. On January 2013 started a Survey in the Po Valley and Southern Apennines. The survey will be conducted via web using institutional sites of regions, provinces, municipalities, online newspapers to local spreading, etc. Preliminary data will be discussed. Improve our understanding of the perception of seismic risk would allow us to inform more effectively and to built better educational projects to mitigate risk.

Central 300 PC of the Galaxy Probed by the Infrared Spectra of H_3^+ and Co: I. Predominance of Warm and Diffuse Gas and High H_2 Ionization Rate

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Oka, Takeshi; Geballe, Thomas R.; Goto, Miwa; Usuda, Tomonori; Indriolo, Nick

2016-06-01

A low-resolution 2.0-2.5 μm survey of ˜500 very red point-like objects in the Central Molecular Zone (CMZ) of our Galaxy, initiated in 2008, has revealed many new bright objects with featureless spectra that are suitable for high resolution absorption spectroscopy of H_3^+ and CO. We now have altogether 48 objects mostly close to the Galactic plane located from 142 pc to the west of Sgr A* to 120 pc east allowing us to probe dense and diffuse gas by H_3^+ and dense gas by CO. Our observations demonstrate that the warm (˜250 K) and diffuse (≤100 cm-3) gas with a large column length (≥30 pc) initially observed toward the brightest star in the CMZ, GCS3-2 of the Quintuplet Cluster, exists throughout the CMZ with the surface filling factor of ˜ 100% dominating the region. The column densities of CO in the CMZ are found to be much less than those in the three foreground spiral arms except in the directions of Sgr B and Sgr E complexes and indicate that the volume filling factor of dense clouds of 10% previously estimated is a gross overestimate for the front half of the CMZ. Nevertheless the predominance of the newly found diffuse molecular gas makes the term "Central Molecular Zone" even more appropriate. The ultra-hot X-rays emitting plasma which some thought to dominate the region must be non existent except near the stars and SNRs. Recently the H_2 fraction f(H_2) in diffuse gas of the CMZ has been reported to be ˜0.6. If we use this value, the cosmic ray H_2 ionization rate ζ of a few times 10-15 s-1 reported earlier^b on the assumption of f(H_2)=1 needs to be increased by a factor of ˜3 since the value is approximately inversely proportional to f(H_2)^2. Geballe, T. R., Oka, T., Lambridges, E., Yeh, S. C. C., Schlegelmilch, B., Goto, M., Westrick, C. W., WI07 at the 70th ISMS, Urbana, IL, USA,2015 Oka, T., Geballe, T. R., Goto, M., Usuda, T., McCall, B. J. 2005, ApJ, 632, 882 Le Petit, F., Ruaud, M., Bron, E., Godard, B., Roueff, E., Languignon, D., Le Bourlot, J. 2016, A&A, 585, A105

Uranium isotope composition of a laterite profile during extreme weathering of basalt in Guangdong, South China

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huang, J.; Zhou, Z.; Gong, Y.; Lundstrom, C.; Huang, F.

2015-12-01

Rock weathering and soil formation in the critical zone are important for material cycle from the solid Earth to superficial system. Laterite is a major type of soil in South China forming at hot-humid climate, which has strong effect on the global uranium cycle. Uranium is closely related to the environmental redox condition because U is stable at U(Ⅳ) in anoxic condition and U(Ⅵ) as soluble uranyl ion (UO22+) under oxic circumstance. In order to understand the behavior of U isotopes during crust weathering, here we report uranium isotopic compositions of soil and base rock samples from a laterite profile originated from extreme weathering of basalt in Guangdong, South China. The uranium isotopic data were measured on a Nu Plasma MC-ICP-MS at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign using the double spike method. The δ238U of BCR-1 is -0.29±0.03‰ (relative to the international standard CRM-112A), corresponding to a 238U/235U ratio of 137.911±0.004. Our result of BCR-1 agrees with previous analyses (e.g., -0.28‰ in Weyer et al. 2008) [1]. U contents of the laterite profile decrease from 1.9 ppm to 0.9 ppm with depth, and peak at 160 - 170 cm (2.3 ppm), much higher than the U content of base rocks (~0.5 ppm). In contrary, U/Th of laterites is lower than that of base rock (0.27) except the peak at the depth of 160-170 cm (0.38), indicating significant U loss during weathering. Notably, U isotope compositions of soils show a small variation from -0.38 to -0.28‰, consistent with the base rock within analytical error (0.05‰ to 0.08‰, 2sd). Such small variation can be explained by a "rind effect" (Wang et al., 2015) [2], by which U(Ⅳ) can be completely oxidized to U(VI) layer by layer during basalt weathering by dissolved oxygen. Therefore, our study indicates that U loss during basalt weathering at the hot-humid climate does not change U isotope composition of superficial water system. [1] Weyer S. et al. (2008) Natural fractionation of 238U/235U. GCA 72,345-359 [2] Wang X. et al. (2015) Isotope fractionation during oxidation of tetravalent uranium by dissolved oxygen. GCA 150, 160-170

New results on the mid-latitude midnight temperature maximum

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mesquita, Rafael L. A.; Meriwether, John W.; Makela, Jonathan J.; Fisher, Daniel J.; Harding, Brian J.; Sanders, Samuel C.; Tesema, Fasil; Ridley, Aaron J.

2018-04-01

Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) measurements of thermospheric temperatures and winds show the detection and successful determination of the latitudinal distribution of the midnight temperature maximum (MTM) in the continental mid-eastern United States. These results were obtained through the operation of the five FPI observatories in the North American Thermosphere Ionosphere Observing Network (NATION) located at the Pisgah Astronomic Research Institute (PAR) (35.2° N, 82.8° W), Virginia Tech (VTI) (37.2° N, 80.4° W), Eastern Kentucky University (EKU) (37.8° N, 84.3° W), Urbana-Champaign (UAO) (40.2° N, 88.2° W), and Ann Arbor (ANN) (42.3° N, 83.8° W). A new approach for analyzing the MTM phenomenon is developed, which features the combination of a method of harmonic thermal background removal followed by a 2-D inversion algorithm to generate sequential 2-D temperature residual maps at 30 min intervals. The simultaneous study of the temperature data from these FPI stations represents a novel analysis of the MTM and its large-scale latitudinal and longitudinal structure. The major finding in examining these maps is the frequent detection of a secondary MTM peak occurring during the early evening hours, nearly 4.5 h prior to the timing of the primary MTM peak that generally appears after midnight. The analysis of these observations shows a strong night-to-night variability for this double-peaked MTM structure. A statistical study of the behavior of the MTM events was carried out to determine the extent of this variability with regard to the seasonal and latitudinal dependence. The results show the presence of the MTM peak(s) in 106 out of the 472 determinable nights (when the MTM presence, or lack thereof, can be determined with certainty in the data set) selected for analysis (22 %) out of the total of 846 nights available. The MTM feature is seen to appear slightly more often during the summer (27 %), followed by fall (22 %), winter (20 %), and spring (18 %). Also seen is a northwestward propagation of the MTM signature with a latitude-dependent amplitude. This behavior suggests either a latitudinal dependence of thermosphere tidal dissipation or a night-to-night variation of the composition of the higher-order tidal modes that contribute to the production of the MTM peak at mid-latitudes. Also presented in this paper is the perturbation on the divergence of the wind fields, which is associated with the passage of each MTM peak analyzed with the 2-D interpolation.

Sociodemographic and health factors associated with mortality in community-dwelling elderly.

PubMed

Borim, Flávia Silva Arbex; Francisco, Priscila Maria Stolses Bergamo; Neri, Anita Liberalesso

2017-05-04

The objective of this study is to identify factors associated with mortality, with emphasis on gender and age differences. This is a cross-sectional study, which uses data from the FIBRA-2008-2009 network in Campinas, State of São Paulo, Brazil, with information on non-institutionalized residents of the urban area and the Mortality Information System. The dependent variable has been death, in 2013. The associations have been tested by odds ratio (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals, and the analyses have been conducted using the program Stata 12.0. Average age has been 72.3 years, 69.3% have been women, and 8.9% have died. We have found greater OR for mortality in individuals aged ≥ 75 years, classified as pre-frail or frail, and in those who have reported heart disease. In this study, the analysis of specific subgroups has allowed us to better understand the relationship between the factors associated with death in the elderly. With the exception of age, strategies based on primary and secondary care, focused on priority groups, can have a positive impact on the reduction of mortality among the elderly. Identificar fatores associados à mortalidade, com ênfase nas diferenças de gênero e idade. Trata-se de estudo transversal, utilizando dados provenientes da rede FIBRA-2008-2009 em Campinas, SP, com informações de pessoas não institucionalizadas residentes na área urbana e pelo Sistema de Informações de Mortalidade. A variável dependente foi a ocorrência de óbito, verificada em 2013. As associações foram testadas pelas razões de chances (OR) e respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95%, e as análises conduzidas no programa Stata 12.0. A média de idade foi 72,3 anos, 69,3% eram mulheres e 8,9% foram a óbito. Encontrou-se maior OR para mortalidade nos indivíduos com idade ≥ 75 anos, nos classificados como pré-frágil ou frágil e naqueles que referiram doença do coração. Neste estudo, a análise para os subgrupos específicos permitiu melhor compreender a relação entre fatores que se associam ao óbito no idoso. Com exceção da idade, estratégias baseadas no cuidado específico de atenção primária e secundária, direcionadas a grupos prioritários, podem ter um impacto positivo na redução da mortalidade entre os idosos.

Conformal flight path symbology for head-up displays: Defining the distribution of visual attention in three-dimensional space

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ververs, Patricia May

An extensive investigation of the format for head-up display (HUD) instrumentation was conducted in a two-part experiment. First, a pilot's information requirements for the tasks of approach, landing, and taxi were determined through a survey administered to professional commercial pilots via the world wide web. The results of the survey were applied in the development of two symbology sets, one set for flight navigation and the second for ground navigation. Second, twenty pilots from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign were recruited to participate in a 3-day experiment. The study was designed to investigate the format for symbology on HUDs and the performance effects of using conformal and partially conformal symbology to support the pilots' tasks. In addition, two different methods were investigated for supporting the pilots' transition between the task of flying and the task of landing. A seamless transition used visual momentum techniques to smoothly guide the pilots' cognitive transition between the serial displays and the associated tasks. A seamed approach employed an abrupt change between the displays to alert the pilots of the task switch. The results indicate that incorporating a virtually conformal, tunnel-in-the-sky symbology into a complete HUD instrumentation set offers promising pilot performance effects. Pilots easily navigated the complex curved approaches with little to no deviation from the flight path (approximately 10 feet), while performing the secondary tasks of the scanning their instruments and the environment. The seamless transition between the flight and ground symbology offered the pilots a preview of the upcoming landing task, thereby preparing them for the task switch. On the ground, the perspective (scene-linked) symbology set supported landing and taxi navigation tasks with the equal efficiency to the plan view display but with much greater precision. Theories of allocation of attention were used to interpret the experimental findings. Attention was found to be more widely distributed in X-Y space when the pilots were flying with the conformal, tunnel-in-the-sky as compared to the partially conformal ILS (instrument landing system) symbology set. There was little evidence that the air-based navigation displays were supporting divided attention in three-dimensional space. The ground-based scene-linked (truly conformal) display indicated promising effects of dividing attention in depth without negative consequences to processing the near domain symbology. Event expectancy was found to modulate pilot performance in the detection of events both on the symbology and in the environment. The phenomenon known as cognitive tunneling is discussed as a possible cause of the inadequate response times in resolving the anomalous events.

Threshold Level of Harvested Litter Input for Carbon Sequestration by Bioenergy Crops

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Woo, D.; Quijano, J.; Kumar, P.; Chaoka, S.

2013-12-01

Due to the increase in the demands for bioenergy, considerable areas in the Midwestern United States could be converted into croplands for second generation bioenergy, such as the cultivation of miscanthus and switchgrass. Study on the effect of the expansion of these crops on soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics is integral to understanding their long-term environmental impacts. In this study, we focus on a comparative study between miscanthus, swichgrass, and corn-corn-soybean rotation on the below-ground dynamics of carbon and nitrogen. Fate of soil carbon and nitrogen is sensitive to harvest litter treatments and residue quality. Therefore, we attempt to address how different amounts of harvested biomass inputs into the soil impact the evolution of organic carbon and inorganic nitrogen in the subsurface. We use Precision Agricultural Landscape Modeling System, version 5.4.0, to capture biophysical and hydrological components coupled with a multilayer carbon and nitrogen cycle model. We apply the model at daily time scale to the Energy Biosciences Institute study site, located in the University of Illinois Research Farms, in Urbana, Illinois. The atmospheric forcing used to run the model was generated stochastically from parameters obtained from 10 years of atmospheric data recorded at both the study site and Willard Airport. Comparisons of model results against observations of drainage, ammonium and nitrate loads in tile drainage, nitrogen mineralization, nitrification, and litterfall in 2011 reveal the ability of the model to accurately capture the ecohydrology, as well as the carbon and nitrogen dynamics at the study site. The results obtained here highlight that there is a critical return of biomass to the soil when harvested for miscanthus (15% of aboveground biomass), and switchgrass (25%) after which the accumulation of carbon in the soil is significantly enhanced and nitrogen leaching is reduced, unlike corn-corn-soybean rotation. The main factor influencing the accumulation of carbon and reduction of nitrogen is the high carbon to nitrogen ratio in the biomass that is contributed as a litter from miscanthus and switchgrass when harvested. A nitrogen deficient environment in the top soil hinders microbial growth and therefore decomposition. In addition, lack of nitrogen fertilizer for miscanthus enhances even more the accumulation of carbon in the soil. On the other hand, nitrogen uptakes by miscanthus and switchgrass are not considerably affected due to a nitrogen fixation ability for miscanthus and fertilizer application for switchgrass. The simulation results obtained in this study show differences in the soil biogeochemistry induced by the different crops analyzed. We believe these results provide important findings about the impact of bioenergy crops on the carbon and nitrogen cycling in the soil.

PREFACE: X Meeting on Recent Advances in the Physics of Fluids and their Applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Saita, Fernando Adolfo; Giavedoni, María Delia

2009-07-01

The X Meeting on Recent Advances in Physics of Fluids and Related Applications (Fluids 2008) was held in Santa Fe, Argentina, on 19-21 November 2008. It belongs to a series of meetings that started in 1989 and has continued - except for just one occasion - every other year. Thus, the first meeting took place in the city of Tandil in 1989 followed by three events in the city of La Plata (1991-93-95), Tunuyán (Mendoza) in 1997, Paraná (Entre Rios) in 1999, Buenos Aires in 2001, Tandil in 2003 and Mendoza in 2006. These meetings gather together most of the people working in Fluid Mechanics and related problems in Argentina. The objective of the meetings is to provide a forum to facilitate the interactions between participants in a friendly academic atmosphere. This goal is achieved by means of lectures and technical presentations on different subjects and from different points of view, the only constraint being the current academic/technical interest. Applications usually deal with problems of local interest. In the present meeting a variety of lecture topics were presented, among them we might mention Capillary Hydrodynamics, Wetting, Density Currents, Instabilities, Elastic-Dynamics, Flows in Porous Media, Sediment Transport, Plasma Dynamics, etc. In particular, we would like to highlight the specially invited lectures given by Dr Ramon Cerro (Chemical and Material Engineering Department University of Alabama in Huntsville, USA), Dr David Quéré (Physique et Mécanique des Milieux Hétérogènes ESPCI, FRANCE), Dr Marcelo García (College of Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) and Dr Víctor Calo (Earth and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) and Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences (ICES), University of Texas at Austin). In addition, we had 18 invited talks and more than fifty contributions that were presented in poster sessions. On behalf of both the Honorary Committee and the Local Committee, we would like to thank the Institutions that sponsored the Meeting, namely: the National Scientific Research Council of Argentina (CONICET) and the National Agency for Scientific and Technology Promotion (ANPCyT), who supported the meeting with grants-in-aid; and the Universidad Nacional del Litoral, who provided all the logistic support needed to achieve a successful and enjoyable Conference. All the papers constituting this volume of Journal of Physics: Conference Series have been reviewed by experts in the field; though they are just a limited number of the works presented at the Meeting the volume provides a scientific record of the topics discussed. We hope that the readers will enjoy the reading. Fernando Adolfo Saita and María Delia Giavedoni

Understanding the Effect of Na in Improving the Performance of CuInSe 2 Based Photovoltaics

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dobson, Kevin D.

Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 (CIGS) thin film photovoltaic technology is in the early stages of commercialization with an annual manufacturing capacity over 1 GW and has demonstrated the highest module efficiency of any of the thin film technologies. However there still is a lack of fundamental understanding of the relationship between the material properties and solar cell device operation. It is well known that the incorporation of a small amount of Na into the CIGS film during processing is essential for high efficiency devices. However, there are conflicting explanations for how Na behaves at the atomic scale. This report investigates how Namore » is incorporated into the CIGS device structure and evaluates the diffusion of Na into CIGS grain boundaries (GBs) and bulk crystallites. Participants: This project was carried out at the Institute of Energy Conversion at the University of Delaware, collaborating with the Rockett group at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champagne. Significant Findings: The significant outcomes of this project for each task include; Task 1.0: Effect of Na in Devices Fabricated on PVD Deposited CIGS; Na diffusion occurs through the Mo back contact via GBs driven by the presence of oxygen; Na reversibly compensates donor defects in CIGS GBs,Task 2.0: Na Incorporation in Single Crystal CIGS; and bulk Na diffusion proceeds rapidly such that grains are Na-saturated immediately following CIGS thin film manufacture. Industry Guidance: The presented results offer interesting concepts for modification of manufacturing processes of CIGS-based PV modules. Possible approaches to improve control of Na uptake and uniformly increase levels in CIGS films are highlighted for processes that employ either soda-lime glass or NaF as the Na source. Concepts include the potential of O 2 or oxidative based treatments of Mo back contacts to improve Na diffusion through the metal film and increase Na uptake into the growing CIGS. This project has also offered fundamental understanding of the behavior of Na in CIGS grains and GBs, particularly the confirmation that CIGS grains will be saturated with Na immediately following manufacture Summary of Results: Most commercially available CIGS modules are fabricated on soda-lime glass coated with Mo as the back electric contact, and Na in the glass diffuses through the Mo layer into the CIGS during film growth. In Task 1 the transport of Na through Mo was evaluated using x-ray photoelectron surface spectroscopy along with diffusion modeling to obtain diffusion coefficients at several temperatures. It was determined that Na diffusion in Mo only occurs along GBs and that oxygen provides an additional driving force to enhance Na transport. Device data revealed that older Mo substrates with a greater amount of surface oxide resulted in slightly higher efficiencies due to enhanced Na incorporation caused by the oxide. This finding shows that Mo substrates could potentially undergo an oxidation treatment prior to CIGS deposition to further improve and control the incorporation of Na. To determine if in-grain Na affects device performance, in Task 1 Na was selectively removed from GBs using heat/rinse cycles. Due to the low temperature of this treatment, Na at GBS remained mobile while diffusion within the bulk was too slow for Na removal from the grain interiors. Changes in electrical properties were evaluated using conductivity and Seebeck coefficient measurements, with both decreasing as Na was removed to reach values similar to Na-free controls samples. This can be explained by the compensation of donor defects by Na, causing an increase in the free carrier concentration. Devices showed a decrease in open-circuit voltage after Na removal confirming that the beneficial effects of GB Na. The findings of this project will provide guidance for rational optimization of Na incorporation procedures in the manufacturing of CIGS solar cells. While it is known that Na segregates at CIGS GBs, the nature and role of Na diffusion into grain interiors was less clear. In Task 2, single crystal CuInSe 2 was used as a model system to represent the grain interiors of CIGS. Crystals processed by two different methods of different compositions and dislocation densities, were evaluated. Diffusion coefficients were obtained at two temperatures after Na diffusion, giving near identical values, ~2x10 11 cm 2/s and ~6x10 11 cm2/s at 420°C and 480°C, respectively, for each crystal. Characterization confirmed that dislocation densities were too low to significantly impact the effective diffusion coefficient. The Cu-poor crystal had a higher solubility suggesting that Na diffusion is mediated by Cu-vacancies, but was not accompanied by an expected increase in diffusion coefficient. The activation energy for diffusion was similar to values expected for interstitial diffusion, but the large size of Na + ions should result in a solubility that is much lower than what was experimentally measured. A hybrid interstitial-substitutional mechanism is proposed that combines the fast diffusion of interstitial atoms with the high solubility common for substitutional impurities. Lattice diffusion of Na proceeds fast enough that CIGS grain interiors will have Na concentrations near the solubility limit of 1018 cm -3 when manufactured under standard conditions. Na and K treated epitaxial CIS films showed a significant increase in cathodoluminescence emission intensity, indicating a reduction of non-radiative recombination pathways, which is consistent with improvements in CIGS device performance, though the mechanism is not clear. Pathways forward: Despite the success of this project, there are a number of questions remaining related to further the understanding of the chemistry of Na in CIGS films and devices. These include further elucidation of the mechanisms of Na passivation in CIGS GBs, with identification of which defects are involved and confirmation of the possible effects of in-grain Na on device performance. To complete analysis of the cell structure, conformation of the presence and possible chemistries of Na at the CIGS/CdS junction and/or in the front transparent contacts, and its effects on device performance, is needed.« less

PREFACE: International Conference on Strongly Correlated Electron Systems (SCES 2011)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Littlewood, P. B.; Lonzarich, G. G.; Saxena, S. S.; Sutherland, M. L.; Sebastian, S. E.; Artacho, E.; Grosche, F. M.; Hadzibabic, Z.

2012-11-01

The Strongly Correlated Electron Systems Conference (SCES) 2011, was held from 29 August-3 September 2011, in Cambridge, UK. SCES'2011 was dedicated to 100 years of superconductivity and covered a range of topics in the area of strongly correlated systems. The correlated electronic and magnetic materials featured include f-electron based heavy fermion intermetallics and d-electron based transition metal compounds. The meeting welcomed to Cambridge 657 participants from 23 countries, who presented 127 talks (including 16 plenary, 57 invited, and 54 contributed) and 736 posters in 40 sessions over five full days of meetings. This proceedings volume contains papers reporting on the science presented at the meeting. This work deepens our understanding of the rich physical phenomena that arise from correlation effects. Strongly correlated systems are known for their remarkable array of emergent phenomena: the traditional subjects of superconductivity, magnetism and metal-insulator transitions have been joined by non-Fermi liquid phenomena, topologically protected quantum states, atomic and photonic gases, and quantum phase transitions. These are some of the most challenging and interesting phenomena in science. As well as the science driver, there is underlying interest in energy-dense materials, which make use of 'small' electrons packed to the highest possible density. These are by definition 'strongly correlated'. For example: good photovoltaics must be efficient optical absorbers, which means that photons will generate tightly bound electron-hole pairs (excitons) that must then be ionised at a heterointerface and transported to contacts; efficient solid state refrigeration depends on substantial entropy changes in a unit cell, with large local electrical or magnetic moments; efficient lighting is in a real sense the inverse of photovoltaics; the limit of an efficient battery is a supercapacitor employing mixed valent ions; fuel cells and solar to fuel conversion require us to understand electrochemistry on the scale of a single atom; and we already know that the only prospect for effective high temperature superconductivity involves strongly correlated materials. Even novel IT technologies are now seen to have value not just for novel function but also for efficiency. While strongly correlated electron systems continue to excite researchers and the public alike due to the fundamental science issues involved, it seems increasingly likely that support for the science will be leveraged by its impact on energy and sustainability. The conference owes its success to the large number of devoted workers for the cause, which includes the organising and programme committees and a considerable number of workers on the ground who contributed to the smooth running of the meeting. The conference received major sponsorship from CamCool Research Limited, the International Institute for Complex Adaptive Matter, from the European Science Foundation through the program INTELBIOMAT, and the Cambridge Central Asia Forum. On behalf of Conference Chairs: P B Littlewood and G G Lonzarich Secretary: S Saxena Treasurer: M Sutherland Local Organising Committee Chair: S E Sebastian Programme Committee Chairs: E Artacho, F M Grosche, Z Hadzibabic (The PDF file also contains photographs from the conference.) Programme Committee E. Artacho, Cambridge (chair)D. Cox, DavisM. Norman, Argonne M. Grosche, Cambridge (chair)H. Ding, IOP, ChinaY. Onuki, Osaka Z. Hadzibabic, Cambridge (chair)M. Ellerby, LondonC. Panagopoulos, Singapore H. Alloul, Paris Z. Fisk, IrvineS. Ramakrishnan, Mumbai E. Baggio-Saitovich, Rio Di JaneiroJ. Flouquet, GrenobleA. Ramirez, Santa Cruz E. Bauer, ViennaA. Galatanu, RomaniaF. Rivadulla, Compostela N. Berloff, CambridgeP. Gegenwart, GottingenS. E. Sebastian, Cambridge D. Bonn, VancouverL. Greene, UrbanaV. Sechovsky, Prague J. van den Brink, DresdenH. Hwang, TokyoS. Simon, Oxford R. Budhani, DelhiA. P. Mackenzie, St.AndrewsD. Snoke, Pittsburgh P. Chandra, PiscatawayN. Mathur, CambridgeJ.C. Gomez-Sal, Santander S-W. Cheong, RutgersK. Miyake, OsakaV. Tripathi, Mumbai P. Coleman, PiscatawayA Navrotsky, DavisA. Vasiliev, Moscow M. Vojta, Cologne Local Committee S. E. Sebastian (chair)R. NeedsJ. Keeling N. MathurE. PughD. Khmelnitskii M. ParishM. CarpenterM. Koehl M. AtatureR. CowburnW. Milne C. BarnesJ. McManus DriscollS. Redfern N. BerloffA. FerrariD. Ritchie M. BlamireC. GreyJ. Robertson J. BaumbergZ. HadzibabicB. Simons A. Cheetham National Advisory Committee G. Aeppli, LondonV. Falko, LancasterM. Pepper, Cambridge A. Ardavan, OxfordR. Friend, CambridgeT. Perring, Didcot P. Attfield, EdinburghC. Frost, RutherfordJ. Saunders, London A. Boothroyd, OxfordG. Gehring, ShefieldA. Schofield, Birmingham A. Coldea, OxfordS. Hayden, BristolN. Shannon, Bristol L. Eaves, NottinghamN. Hussey, BristolM. Skolnick, Sheffield D. Edwards, LondonA. Huxley, EdinburghS. Thompson, York M. Ellerby, LondonH. Wilhelm, Didcot International Advisory Committee E. Abrahams, UCLAG. Kotliar, Piscataway E. V. Sampathkumaran, Mumbai G. Aeppli, LondonD. Khmelnitskii, CambridgeUK J. Sarrao, Los Alamos J. W. Allen, Ann ArborK. Kugel, MoscowJ. Schilling, St. Louise P. W. Anderson, Princeton C. Lacroix, Grenoble A. Schofield, Birmingham M. Aronson, Stony Brook P. A. LeeCambridge, USA V. Sechovsky, Prague Y. K. Bang, Kwangju and Pohang C.T. Liang, Taipei T. Senthil, Cambridge, USA M. Barma, Mumbai P. Majumdar, Allahabad J. G. Sereni, Bariloche G. Baskaran, Chennai Y. Maeno, Kyoto K. Shimizu, Osaka E. Bauer, Vienna J. Mannhart, Augsburg Q. Si, Houston G. Boebinger, Tallahassee M. B. Maple, San Diego M. Sigrist, Zurich R. Budhani, Delhi Y. Matsuda, Kyoto A. Simoni, Trento P. Canfield, Ames R. Moessner, Dresden D. Singh, Oak Ridge M. Continentino, Rio di Janiero A. Millis, New York A. Sood, Bangalore S. Coppersmith, Madison J. Mydosh, Leiden J. Spalek, Krakow B. Coqblin, Paris S. Nakatsuji, Tokyo F. Steglich, Dresden A. Chubukov, Madison G. Oomi, Kyushu G. R. Stewart, Gainesville C. Di Castro, Rome R. Osborn, Chicago H. Takagi, Tokyo M. Eremets, Mainz S. Ovchnikov, Krasnoyarsk L. Taillefer, Sherbrooke M. Fiebig, Bonn C. Panagopoulos, Singapore & Heraklion J. D. Thompson, Los Alamos Z. FiskIrvine S. Paschen, Vienna Y. Tokura, Tokyo J. Flouquet, Grenoble C. Pfleiderer, Munich K. Ueda, Tokyo P. Fulde, Dresden P. Phillips, Urbana C. M. Varma, Riverside A. Geim, Manchester D. Pines, Davis T. Vojta, Rolla J.C. Gomez-Sal, Santander T. V. Ramakrishnan, Bangalore N.L. Wang, Beijing A. Kavokin, Southampton A.K. Raychaudhuri, Calcutta T. Xiang, Beijing J. Goodenough, Austin M. Reifers, Kosice L. Yu, Beijing H. Hosono, Tokyo P. Riseborough, Philadelphia F. C. Zhang, Hong Kong S. Julian, Toronto M. L Saboungi, Orleans G. Zwicknagl, Braunschweig Operational Team Anson Cheung (co-ordinator)Hyeong Jin KimPaul Nahai-Williamson Beng Tan (co-ordinator)Jack GillettPeter Logg Cheng Liu (co-ordinator)Jo WensleyPrajakti Kalra Swee K. Goh (co-ordinator)Jonathan SilverRichard Brierley Adam HalskiLara SibleyRobert Hay Edd CavannaLeona HopeSeb Haines Felix NissenLina KlintbergSitikantha Das Gareth ConduitMarianne BauerStephen Rowley Gerie LonzarichMatt BurgessSven Friedemann Greg LeverMuhammad Ahsan ZebYang Zou Hannah PriceNick BristoweYiqian Xu Haruka TaniguchiOleksandr PoplavskyyZhuo Feng

Bench-Scale Development of a Hot Carbonate Absorption Process with Crystallization-Enabled High-Pressure Stripping for Post-Combustion CO{sub 2} Capture

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lu, Yongqi; DeVries, Nicholas; Ruhter, David

A novel Hot Carbonate Absorption Process with Crystallization-Enabled High-Pressure Stripping (Hot-CAP) has been developed by the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and Carbon Capture Scientific, LLC in this three-year, bench-scale project. The Hot-CAP features a concentrated carbonate solution (e.g., K{sub 2}CO{sub 3}) for CO{sub 2} absorption and a bicarbonate slurry (e.g., KHCO{sub 3}) for high-pressure CO{sub 2} stripping to overcome the energy use and other disadvantages associated with the benchmark monoethanolamine (MEA) process. The project was aimed at performing laboratory- and bench-scale experiments to prove its technical feasibility and generate process engineering and scale-up data, and conducting a techno-economic analysismore » (TEA) to demonstrate its energy use and cost competitiveness over MEA. To meet project goals and objectives, a combination of experimental, modeling, process simulation, and economic analysis studies were applied. Carefully designed and intensive experiments were conducted to measure thermodynamic and reaction engineering data relevant to four major unit operations in the Hot-CAP (i.e., CO{sub 2} absorption, CO{sub 2} stripping, bicarbonate crystallization, and sulfate reclamation). The rate promoters that could accelerate the CO{sub 2} absorption rate into the potassium carbonate/bicarbonate (PCB) solution to a level greater than that into the 5 M MEA solution were identified, and the superior performance of CO{sub 2} absorption into PCB was demonstrated in a bench-scale packed-bed column. Kinetic data on bicarbonate crystallization were developed and applied for crystallizer design and sizing. Parametric testing of high-pressure CO{sub 2} stripping with concentrated bicarbonate-dominant slurries at high temperatures ({>=}140{degrees}C) in a bench-scale stripping column demonstrated lower heat use than with MEA. The feasibility of a modified process for combining SO{sub 2} removal with CO{sub 2} capture was preliminarily demonstrated. In addition to the experimental studies, the technical challenges pertinent to fouling of slurry-handling equipment and the design of the crystallizer and stripper were addressed through consultation with vendors and engineering analyses. A process flow diagram of the Hot-CAP was then developed and a TEA was performed to compare the energy use and cost performance of a nominal 550-MWe subcritical pulverized coal (PC)-fired power plant without CO{sub 2} capture (DOE/NETL Case 9) with the benchmark MEA-based post-combustion CO{sub 2} capture (PCC; DOE/NETL Case 10) and the Hot-CAP-based PCC. The results revealed that the net power produced in the PC + Hot-CAP is 609 MWe, greater than the PC + MEA (550 MWe). The 20-year levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) for the PC + Hot-CAP, including CO{sub 2} transportation and storage, is 120.3 mills/kWh, a 60% increase over the base PC plant without CO{sub 2} capture. The LCOE increase for the Hot-CAP is 29% lower than that for MEA. TEA results demonstrated that the Hot-CAP is energy-efficient and cost-effective compared with the benchmark MEA process.« less

Ultrasound-assisted synthesis and processing of carbon materials

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fortunato, Maria E.

2011-12-01

Part I: Porous carbons are of interest in many applications because of their high surface areas and other physicochemical properties, and much effort has been directed towards developing new methods for controlling the porosity of carbons. Ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) is an aerosol method suitable for large-scale, continuous synthesis of materials. Ultrasound is used to create aerosol droplets of a precursor solution which serve as micron-sized spherical reactors for materials synthesis. This work presents a precursor system for the template-free USP synthesis of porous carbons using low-cost precursors that do not evolve or require hazardous chemicals: sucrose was used as the carbon source, and sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, or sodium nitrate was added as a decomposition catalyst and porogen. The USP carbons had macroporous interiors and microporous shells with surface areas as high as 800 m2/g and a narrow pore size distribution. It was determined that the interior porosity was a result of the gas evolution from salt decomposition and not from the presence of a salt template. Porous carbon is frequently used as a catalyst support because it provides high surface area and it is chemically and physically stable under many anoxic reaction conditions. Typically, the preparation of supported catalysts requires multiple steps for carbonization and metal impregnation. In this work, iron-impregnated porous carbon microspheres (Fe-C) were prepared by a one-step USP process by incorporating both the carbon and metal sources into the precursor solution. Carbonization, pore formation, metal impregnation, and metal activation occurred simultaneously to produce Fe-C materials with surface areas as high as 800 m2/g and up to 10 wt% Fe incorporated as nanoparticles < 20 nm in diameter. Fe-C was used as a catalyst to reduce aqueous hexavalent chromium, which demonstrated the accessibility of the iron nanoparticles despite the fact that they are likely encapsulated in the porous carbon support. Part II: The effects of high intensity ultrasound arise from acoustic cavitation: the formation, growth, and collapse of bubbles in a liquid. Bubble collapse produces intense localized heating (˜5000 K), high pressures (˜300 atm), and enormous heating and cooling rates (>109 K/sec). In solid-liquid slurries, surface erosion and particle fracture occur due to the shockwaves and microjets formed from asymmetric bubble collapse at extended surfaces. The chemical and physical effects of ultrasound have been studied as an adjunct to the traditional chemical pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for ethanol production. Lignocellulosic biomass consists of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. The surface effects of ultrasound were used in this work to increase the accessibility of the cellulose, which can be converted to glucose and then fermented into ethanol. The lignocellulosic biomass used in this work was Miscanthus x giganteus (Mxg) which was grown at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. The chemical effects of NaOH pretreatment on Mxg were enhanced by ultrasound: greater delignification and a significant increase in the amount of pores >5 nm were observed. ˜ 70% of the theoretical glucose yield was obtained by enzymatic saccharification of the ultrasound-assisted NaOH-pretreated Mxg; this is comparable to the yields that can be obtained by traditional alkaline pretreatments, but it was achieved in a shorter time and at a lower temperature. Because the apparatus used for laboratory studies is not a likely device for scale-up, the economics of ultrasound with regards to energy balance are not yet resolved.

Assessing the development & implementation of a student-centered, "flipped" secondary physics curriculum in which IO-lab digital sensors are issued to students on a 1-to-1 basis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cunnings, Christopher P.

This teacher-driven, action research dissertation study chronicles the development and implementation of a transformative, two-pronged, student-centered secondary physics education curriculum. From an instructional perspective, the curriculum was situated in the "flipped classroom" teaching approach, which minimizes in-class lecturing and instead predicates classroom learning on collaborative, hands-on, and activity-based lessons. Additionally, all students were issued IO-Lab digital sensors--learning tools developed by professors at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign capable of collecting a vast array of real-time physical data-- on a 1-to-1, 24/7 basis for both in-class and at-home use. In-class, students participated in predominantly activity-based learning, with a sizeable portion of in-class activities incorporating IO-Labs for experimental data collection. Outside of class, students designed real-world research projects using their IO-Labs to study the physics underlying their everyday experiences, and all projects were video recorded, uploaded to YouTube, and then watched in-class to simulate a "mock science conference" in which students provided constructive feedback to each other on their experimental methods and results. The synergistic blending of a) flipped physics instruction, and b) perpetual access to state-of-the-art laboratory equipment, the two prongs forming the basis of this research study, inspired the curriculum title "Flipped IO-Lab," or "F-IO" curriculum. This dissertation study will provide a comprehensive assessment of the benefits and challenges that emerged while designing and implementing the F-IO curriculum from a practitioner's perspective. The assessment of the F-IO curriculum came about through a mixed-methods research methodology during kinematics and dynamics instruction. Specifically, this study includes "Force Concept Inventory" (FCI) pretest/posttest analysis to gauge changes in students' conceptual understanding of physics, as well as "Colorado Learning Attitudes about Science Survey" (CLASS) pre/post data to monitor students' shifts in scientific attitudes throughout the study. The aforementioned pre/post data will be triangulated with field notes and web-based "course opinion survey questions" to provide a comprehensive view of the F-IO curriculum. Significant analysis of the development of the course, as well as the relevant benefits, challenges, and considerations for "flipping" physics instruction, is also contained in this dissertation. The results of the research study include an FCI normalized gain of 0.74 (a "high gain" course), which indicates significant improvement in students' conceptual understanding of Newtonian Mechanics. Additionally, CLASS results indicate significant shifts in student attitudes from generally novice initial scientific perspectives to predominantly expert scientific perspectives by the conclusion of the research study. Of particular interest was students' acknowledgement and appreciation of the real-world implications of what they learned in physics class, as evidenced by CLASS survey data, real-world video challenge projects, and student comments before, during, and after class sessions. However, even despite all of the positive results that emerged throughout the study, a variety of challenges and concerns also materialized with regards to the utilization of F-IO curriculum principles, with the most pronounced being a subset of students whom remained unwilling to embrace web-based and/or flipped instructional teaching methods, preferring instead a more traditional instructional approach. The results and implications of this research study may not only be of interest to physics instructors, but also STEM educators, secondary curriculum designers, digital learning tool designers and researchers, and educational researchers.

Interaction of plasmas with lithium and tungsten fusion plasma facing components

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fiflis, Peter Robert

One of the largest outstanding issues in magnetic confinement fusion is the interaction of the fusion plasma with the first wall of the device; an interaction which is strongest in the divertor region. Erosion, melting, sputtering, and deformation are all concerns which inform choices of divertor material. Of the many materials proposed for use in the divertor, only a few remain as promising choices. Tungsten has been chosen as the material for the ITER divertor, and liquid lithium stands poised as its replacement in higher heat flux devices. As a refractory metal, tungsten's large melting point and thermal conductivity as well as its low sputtering yield have led to its selection as the material of choice of the ITER divertor. Experiments have reinforced this choice demonstrating tungsten's ability to withstand large heat fluxes when adequately cooled. However, tungsten has shown a propensity to nanostructure under exposure within a certain temperature range to large fluxes of helium ions. These nanostructures if disrupted into the plasma as dust by an off-normal event would cause quenching of the plasma from the generated dust. Liquid lithium, meanwhile, has gathered growing interest within the fusion community in recent years as a divertor, limiter, and alternative first wall material. Liquid lithium is attractive as a low-Z material replacement for refractory metals due to its ability to getter impurities, while also being self-healing in nature. However, concerns exist about the stability of a liquid metal surface at the edge of a fusion device. Liquid metal pools, such as the Li-DiMes probe, have shown evidence of macroscopic lithium displacement as well as droplet formation and ejection into the plasma. These issues must be mitigated in future implementations of liquid lithium divertor concepts. Rayleigh-Taylor-like (RT) and Kelvin-Helmholtz-like (KH) instabilities have been claimed as the initiators of droplet ejection, yet not enough data exists to delineate a stability boundary. The influences of plasma pressure and current driven instabilities on lithium surfaces that lead to droplet ejection are investigated to determine which of the two effects is dominant for a given set of plasma conditions. This work studies the influence of large plasma fluxes on these two materials to better inform the selection and design of plasma facing components (PFCs). The nanostructuring of tungsten was investigated to determine the mechanisms by which tungsten nanostructures so that its formation may be mitigated. Experiments investigated the dependence of nanostructuring on temperature, looked at the morphological evolution, and grew nanostructures on a variety of metals to examine their similarity to tungsten. Additionally, a computational model is presented for the initial stages of fuzz formation showing good quantitative and qualitative agreement with experimental observations. The influences of RT and KH instabilities on the surface of liquid lithium were experimentally observed and quantified on the ThermoElectric-driven Liquid-metal plasma-facing Structures (TELS) chamber at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and the stabilizing effect of surface tension, an effect employed by the LiMIT concept as well as other liquid lithium concepts, was studied, and the stability boundary afforded by surface tension was compared between experiment, computational simulation, and theory.

SDN Project

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Smith, Rhett

The SDN Project completed on time and on budget and successfully accomplished 100% of the scope of work outlined in the original Statement of Project Objective (SOPO). The SDN Project formed an alliance between Ameren Corporation, University of Illinois Urbana- Champaign (UIUC), Pacific Northwest National Laboratories (PNNL), and Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. (SEL). The objective of the SDN Project is to address Topic Area of Interest 2: Sustain critical energy delivery functions while responding to a cyber-intrusion under Funding Opportunity Announcement DE-FOA-0000797. The goal of the project is to design and commercially release technology that provides a method to sustainmore » critical energy delivery functions during a cyber intrusion and to do this control system operators need the ability to quickly identify and isolate the affected network areas, and re-route critical information and control flows around. The objective of the SDN Project is to develop a Flow Controller that monitors, configures, and maintains the safe, reliable network traffic flows of all the local area networks (LANs) on a control system in the Energy sector. The SDN team identified the core attributes of a control system and produced an SDN flow controller that has the same core attributes enabling networks to be designed, configured and deployed that maximize the whitelisted, deny-bydefault and purpose built networks. This project researched, developed and commercially released technology that: Enables all field networks be to configured and monitored as if they are a single asset to be protected; Enables greatly improved and even precalculated response actions to reliability and cyber events; Supports pre-configured localized response actions tailored to provide resilience against failures and centralized response to cyber-attacks that improve network reliability and availability; Architecturally enables the right subject matter experts, who are usually the information technology and operational technology engineers, to be the ones centrally administering the technology and responding to events; Simplifies network configuration, improving deterministic Ethernet transport times, and providing instant visualization on where the communication circuits are and how all circuits are impacted when changes (e.g., configuration changes, failures or intrusions) happen, allowing operators to minimize downtime; and Improves the ability to identify deviations in network behavior resulting in detection and analysis of potential cyber intrusions and faster response times Results: This project has forever changed the way critical infrastructure networks are designed, secured, deployed and maintained. The cybersecurity and performance advantages achieved are significant, simply put traditional networking has been obsoleted while the team maintained Ethernet interoperability avoiding any legacy concerns. The team commercially released technology that accomplished all the cybersecurity goals outlined in the SOPO and completed it by executing the project management plan approved in the initial contract. The resulting Energy sector SDN flow controller model number is SEL-5056 and can be freely downloaded from the www.SELinc.com website. This technology not only improves the cybersecurity of control systems but has measured results that it improves the performance and reliability of the control system as well. This means the system owners can confidently apply it to their systems knowing that it will, “first do no harm” but actually improve the system as well. Success of the project is best measured by the sales and deployment of the technology. System owners in industrial, electric, defense, and oil and gas only months after commercial release have approved plans for deployment.« less

An Evaluation System for the Online Training Programs in Meteorology and Hydrology

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wang, Yong; Zhi, Xiefei

2009-01-01

This paper studies the current evaluation system for the online training program in meteorology and hydrology. CIPP model that includes context evaluation, input evaluation, process evaluation and product evaluation differs from Kirkpatrick model including reactions evaluation, learning evaluation, transfer evaluation and results evaluation in…

PREFACE: 5th International Workshop on Top Quark Physics (TOP2012)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Salamanna, G.; Boisvert, V.; Cerrito, L.; Khan, A.; Moretti, S.; Owen, M.; Schwanenberger, C.

2013-07-01

The 5th International Workshop on Top Quark Physics (TOP 2012) took place in Winchester, UK, from the 16-21 September. It gathered students as well as people active in the top quark sector and provided a framework to highlight the newest results and matters related to top quark physics. Discovered in 1995, the top quark is the sixth and heaviest of all quarks, and it is the only one with a lifetime short enough to be observed 'naked'. This makes it an important testing ground in the search for new physics. In fact, the fact of its mass being so much larger than the other quarks, hints at its special role in the Higgs mechanism. For the same reason, in many models of New Physics, new heavy resonances are expected to couple mostly with top quarks. Even if no new particles are observed, the direct correlation between its angular momentum and that of its detectable decay products allows us to probe indirectly New Physics in action when top quarks are created. In this edition of the TOP conference series, for the first time, the agenda was equally balanced between 'traditional' measurements and the now vast number of searches for physics BSM in the top quark sector, thanks mostly to the amount of data collected at the LHC in its Run I. New results were presented by both the Tevatron and the LHC collaborations: improved ttbar and single top cross-section measurements, refined techniques to measure the top quark mass and a large number of results on properties such as spin correlation and W boson polarization in top quark decays were shown. More technical discussions on the experimental issues, both from the detector and the simulation side also took place, drawing together experimentalists and theorists. Reviews of the latest results on ttbar asymmetry both from CDF and D0 and from ATLAS and CMS were shown, and theorists active in the field made some interesting points on this hot topic. Additionally, results on the search for fourth generation fermions and new resonances in the boosted top regime were also provided. Finally, a set of dedicated talks on the interplay between the top sector and other hot subjects, like the Higgs and SUSY, were given both at the theory and experimental level. Furthermore, ad hoc student sessions were organized to allow younger colleagues to pose questions to the senior experts in the field and contribute with their more recent studies. The conference has been a definitive success, not just scientifically: about 130 participants from all over the world created a collegiate spirit which culminated in the social events at Winchester Hall below King Arthur's table; and in a cosy 16th century barn for the social dinner. The Local Organizing Committee would like to thank all participants, and in particular the speakers, for their high level contributions to TOP 2012 and for making this a very fruitful and pleasant time together. We conclude by wishing the Organizing Committee of TOP 2013 all the best for a successful conference. We look forward to seeing everyone in Germany in 2013. Giuseppe Salamanna Local Organizing Committee London, June 2013 Local Organising Committee Veronique Boisvert (Chair, Royal Holloway, University of London) Lucio Cerrito (Queen Mary, University of London) Akram Khan (Brunel University, London) Stefano Moretti (University of Southampton) Mark Owen (University of Manchester) Giuseppe Salamanna (Queen Mary, University of London) Christian Schwanenberger (University of Manchester) International Advisory Committee Roberto Tenchini (INFN, Pisa) Martine Bosman (IFAE, Barcelona) Michelangelo Mangano (CERN) Scott Willenbrock (University of Illinois, Urbana) Werner Bernreuther (RWTH, Aachen) Jorgen D'Hondt (VUB, Brussels) Antonio Onofre (LIP, University Minho) Fabio Maltoni (UCL, Louvain) Eric Laenen (NIKHEF) Fabrizio Margaroli (INFN, Roma 1) Juan Antonio Aguilar Saavedra (University of Granada) Yvonne Peters (University of Manchester) Roberto Chierici (CERN) Markus Cristinziani (University of Bonn) Group picture

UC Merced Center for Computational Biology Final Report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Colvin, Michael; Watanabe, Masakatsu

Final report for the UC Merced Center for Computational Biology. The Center for Computational Biology (CCB) was established to support multidisciplinary scientific research and academic programs in computational biology at the new University of California campus in Merced. In 2003, the growing gap between biology research and education was documented in a report from the National Academy of Sciences, Bio2010 Transforming Undergraduate Education for Future Research Biologists. We believed that a new type of biological sciences undergraduate and graduate programs that emphasized biological concepts and considered biology as an information science would have a dramatic impact in enabling the transformationmore » of biology. UC Merced as newest UC campus and the first new U.S. research university of the 21st century was ideally suited to adopt an alternate strategy - to create a new Biological Sciences majors and graduate group that incorporated the strong computational and mathematical vision articulated in the Bio2010 report. CCB aimed to leverage this strong commitment at UC Merced to develop a new educational program based on the principle of biology as a quantitative, model-driven science. Also we expected that the center would be enable the dissemination of computational biology course materials to other university and feeder institutions, and foster research projects that exemplify a mathematical and computations-based approach to the life sciences. As this report describes, the CCB has been successful in achieving these goals, and multidisciplinary computational biology is now an integral part of UC Merced undergraduate, graduate and research programs in the life sciences. The CCB began in fall 2004 with the aid of an award from U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), under its Genomes to Life program of support for the development of research and educational infrastructure in the modern biological sciences. This report to DOE describes the research and academic programs made possible by the CCB from its inception until August, 2010, at the end of the final extension. Although DOE support for the center ended in August 2010, the CCB will continue to exist and support its original objectives. The research and academic programs fostered by the CCB have led to additional extramural funding from other agencies, and we anticipate that CCB will continue to provide support for quantitative and computational biology program at UC Merced for many years to come. Since its inception in fall 2004, CCB research projects have continuously had a multi-institutional collaboration with Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), and the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, as well as individual collaborators at other sites. CCB affiliated faculty cover a broad range of computational and mathematical research including molecular modeling, cell biology, applied math, evolutional biology, bioinformatics, etc. The CCB sponsored the first distinguished speaker series at UC Merced, which had an important role is spreading the word about the computational biology emphasis at this new campus. One of CCB's original goals is to help train a new generation of biologists who bridge the gap between the computational and life sciences. To archive this goal, by summer 2006, a new program - summer undergraduate internship program, have been established under CCB to train the highly mathematical and computationally intensive Biological Science researchers. By the end of summer 2010, 44 undergraduate students had gone through this program. Out of those participants, 11 students have been admitted to graduate schools and 10 more students are interested in pursuing graduate studies in the sciences. The center is also continuing to facilitate the development and dissemination of undergraduate and graduate course materials based on the latest research in computational biology.« less

Puerto Rico, humedales [Puerto Rico, wetlands

USGS Publications Warehouse

Adams, D. Briane; Hefner, John M.; Dopazo, Teresa

1999-01-01

La isla de Puerto Rico, localizada al noreste del Mar Caribe y sus islas principales, Vieques, Culebra e Isla de Mona, poseen humedales en abundancia . El clima subtropical, la lluvia abundante y las complejas formas topográficas y geológicas de estas islas dan origen a los humedales, que varían desde los raros e inusuales bosques cubiertos por nubes en las tierras altas, hasta los extensos manglares, yerbas marinas y arrecifes de coral a lo largo de las costas Norte y Sur. Sin embargo, los humedales en Puerto Rico han disminuido en los últimos siglos como resultado del aumento en el desarrollo agrícola, poblacional y turístico. Algunos tipos de humedales como los bosques de palo de pollo (Pterocarpus officinalis) se han reducido a sólo unos pocos remanentes (figura 1).Biológicamente hablando, los humedales de las islas están entre las áreas más productivas. Los humedales asociados con el bosque pluvial en las tierras altas del interior de Puerto Rico contienen varias plantas raras y especies de animales que no se encuentran en otras partes de la Isla. El agua de escorrentía proveniente de los humedales en las partes altas de la Isla proveen una fuente de agua que utilizan varias ciudades para abasto público. Los humedales costeros como los mangles, los colchones de yerbas marinas y los arrecifes de coral proveen áreas para la reproducción y crianza de varios peces, crustáceos y otras especies en la cadena alimenticia (López y otros, 1988). De esta manera, los humedales costeros contribuyen a la productividad biológica de las aguas llanas del mar alrededor de las islas . Los humedales también estabilizan las costas atrapando y reteniendo sedimentos no consolidados y amortiguan la acción de las olas y de las tormentas que tienen el potencial de causar daños en la zona.El valor de los humedales de Puerto Rico para la vida silvestre está muy bien documentado . Por ejemplo, las salinas de Cabo Rojo, en la costa suroeste, proveen áreas para el descanso y la alimentación de cientos de aves migratorias en ruta entre Norte y Suramérica. Antes del drenaje de los humedales costeros para propósitos agrícolas, pantanos de agua dulce como los de la Laguna Cartagena, Laguna Guánica y Ciénaga El Anegado proveían hábitat a más de 1 00 especies de aves residentes y migratorias . Los humedales de las tierras altas del área central son el último refugio de la cotorra puertorriqueña, una especie en peligro de extinción. Aún los humedales del área metropolitana de San Juan (Laguna La Torrecilla, Torrecilla Baja, Laguna de Piñones hasta Punta Vacía Talega) proveen un hábitat excelente para la vida silvestre, mantienen criaderos de peces de alto valor económico y proveen recreación y oportunidades educativas a la población urbana.Treintiocho especies de vertebrados, moluscos y crustáceos, y 46 especies de aves, algunos raros o en peligro de extinción como la mariquita, el alcatraz, el pato dominicano, el pato silbón y la paloma cabeciblanca han sido observados en el área . También las playas asociadas con estos humedales urbanos proveen sitios de anidaje para las tortugas carey de concha y tinglar, ambas en peligro de extinción (Del Llano y otros, 1986).

Data-driven modeling of hydroclimatic trends and soil moisture: Multi-scale data integration and decision support

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Coopersmith, Evan Joseph

The techniques and information employed for decision-making vary with the spatial and temporal scope of the assessment required. In modern agriculture, the farm owner or manager makes decisions on a day-to-day or even hour-to-hour basis for dozens of fields scattered over as much as a fifty-mile radius from some central location. Following precipitation events, land begins to dry. Land-owners and managers often trace serpentine paths of 150+ miles every morning to inspect the conditions of their various parcels. His or her objective lies in appropriate resource usage -- is a given tract of land dry enough to be workable at this moment or would he or she be better served waiting patiently? Longer-term, these owners and managers decide upon which seeds will grow most effectively and which crops will make their operations profitable. At even longer temporal scales, decisions are made regarding which fields must be acquired and sold and what types of equipment will be necessary in future operations. This work develops and validates algorithms for these shorter-term decisions, along with models of national climate patterns and climate changes to enable longer-term operational planning. A test site at the University of Illinois South Farms (Urbana, IL, USA) served as the primary location to validate machine learning algorithms, employing public sources of precipitation and potential evapotranspiration to model the wetting/drying process. In expanding such local decision support tools to locations on a national scale, one must recognize the heterogeneity of hydroclimatic and soil characteristics throughout the United States. Machine learning algorithms modeling the wetting/drying process must address this variability, and yet it is wholly impractical to construct a separate algorithm for every conceivable location. For this reason, a national hydrological classification system is presented, allowing clusters of hydroclimatic similarity to emerge naturally from annual regime curve data and facilitate the development of cluster-specific algorithms. Given the desire to enable intelligent decision-making at any location, this classification system is developed in a manner that will allow for classification anywhere in the U.S., even in an ungauged basin. Daily time series data from 428 catchments in the MOPEX database are analyzed to produce an empirical classification tree, partitioning the United States into regions of hydroclimatic similarity. In constructing a classification tree based upon 55 years of data, it is important to recognize the non-stationary nature of climate data. The shifts in climatic regimes will cause certain locations to shift their ultimate position within the classification tree, requiring decision-makers to alter land usage, farming practices, and equipment needs, and algorithms to adjust accordingly. This work adapts the classification model to address the issue of regime shifts over larger temporal scales and suggests how land-usage and farming protocol may vary from hydroclimatic shifts in decades to come. Finally, the generalizability of the hydroclimatic classification system is tested with a physically-based soil moisture model calibrated at several locations throughout the continental United States. The soil moisture model is calibrated at a given site and then applied with the same parameters at other sites within and outside the same hydroclimatic class. The model's performance deteriorates minimally if the calibration and validation location are within the same hydroclimatic class, but deteriorates significantly if the calibration and validates sites are located in different hydroclimatic classes. These soil moisture estimates at the field scale are then further refined by the introduction of LiDAR elevation data, distinguishing faster-drying peaks and ridges from slower-drying valleys. The inclusion of LiDAR enabled multiple locations within the same field to be predicted accurately despite non-identical topography. This cross-application of parametric calibrations and LiDAR-driven disaggregation facilitates decision-support at locations without proximally-located soil moisture sensors.

Merging Galaxies Create a Binary Quasar

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

2010-02-01

Astronomers have found the first clear evidence of a binary quasar within a pair of actively merging galaxies. Quasars are the extremely bright centers of galaxies surrounding super-massive black holes, and binary quasars are pairs of quasars bound together by gravity. Binary quasars, like other quasars, are thought to be the product of galaxy mergers. Until now, however, binary quasars have not been seen in galaxies that are unambiguously in the act of merging. But images of a new binary quasar from the Carnegie Institution's Magellan telescope in Chile show two distinct galaxies with "tails" produced by tidal forces from their mutual gravitational attraction. "This is really the first case in which you see two separate galaxies, both with quasars, that are clearly interacting," says Carnegie astronomer John Mulchaey who made observations crucial to understanding the galaxy merger. Most, if not all, large galaxies, such as our galaxy the Milky Way, host super-massive black holes at their centers. Because galaxies regularly interact and merge, astronomers have assumed that binary super-massive black holes have been common in the Universe, especially during its early history. Black holes can only be detected as quasars when they are actively accreting matter, a process that releases vast amounts of energy. A leading theory is that galaxy mergers trigger accretion, creating quasars in both galaxies. Because most such mergers would have happened in the distant past, binary quasars and their associated galaxies are very far away and therefore difficult for most telescopes to resolve. The binary quasar, labeled SDSS J1254+0846, was initially detected by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, a large scale astronomical survey of galaxies and over 120,000 quasars. Further observations by Paul Green of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics and colleagues* using NASA's Chandra's X-ray Observatory and telescopes at Kitt Peak National Observatory in Arizona and Palomar Observatory in California indicated that the object was likely a binary quasar in the midst of a galaxy merger. Carnegie's Mulchaey then used the 6.5 meter Baade-Magellan telescope at the Las Campanas observatory in Chile to obtain deeper images and more detailed spectroscopy of the merging galaxies. "Just because you see two galaxies that are close to each other in the sky doesn't mean they are merging," says Mulchaey. "But from the Magellan images we can actually see tidal tails, one from each galaxy, which suggests that the galaxies are in fact interacting and are in the process of merging." Thomas Cox, now a fellow at the Carnegie Observatories, corroborated this conclusion using computer simulations of the merging galaxies. When Cox's model galaxies merged, they showed features remarkably similar to what Mulchaey observed in the Magellan images. "The model verifies the merger origin for this binary quasar system," he says. "It also hints that this kind of galaxy interaction is a key component of the growth of black holes and production of quasars throughout our universe." * The authors of the paper published in the Astrophysical Journal are Paul J. Green of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Adam D. Myers of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Wayne A. Barkhouse of the University of North Dakota, John S. Mulchaey of the Observatories of the Carnegie Institution for Science, Vardha N. Bennert of the Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, Thomas J. Cox of the Observatories of the Carnegie Institution for Science, Thomas L. Aldcroft of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, and Joan M. Wrobel of National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Socorro, NM. More information, including images and other multimedia, can be found at: http://chandra.harvard.edu and http://chandra.nasa.gov

PREFACE: XTOP 2004 -- 7th Biennial Conference on High Resolution X-Ray Diffraction and Imaging

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Holý, Vaclav

2005-05-01

The 7th Biennial Conference on High Resolution X-Ray Diffraction and Imaging (XTOP 2004) was held in the Prague suburb of Pruhonice, Czech Republic, during 7-10 September 2004. It was organized by the Czech and Slovak Crystallographic Association in cooperation with the Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Masaryk University, Brno, and Charles University, Prague. XTOP 2004 took place just after EPDIC IX (European Powder Diffraction Conference) organised in Prague by the same Association during 2-5 September 2004. The Organizing Committee was supported by an International Programme Committee including about 20 prominent scientists from several European and overseas countries, whose helpful suggestions for speakers are acknowledged. The conference was sponsored by the International Union of Crystallography and by several industrial sponsors; this sponsorship allowed us to support about 20 students and young scientists. In total, 147 official delegates and 8 accompanying persons from 16 countries of three continents attended our conference. The scientific programme of the conference was divided into 11 half-day sessions and 2 poster sessions. The participants presented 147 accepted contributions; of these 9 were 45-minute long invited talks, 34 were 20-minute oral presentations and 104 were posters. All posters were displayed for the whole meeting to ensure maximum exposure and interaction between delegates. We followed the very good experience from the previous conference, XTOP 2002, and also organized pre-conference tutorial lectures presented by experts in the field: `Imaging with hard synchrotron radiation' (J Härtwig, Grenoble), `High-resolution x-ray diffractometry: determination of strain and composition' (J Stangl, Linz), `X-ray grazing-incidence scattering from surfaces and nanostructures' (U Pietsch, Potsdam) and `Hard x-ray optics' (J Hrdý, Prague). According to the recommendation of the International Program Committee, the invited lectures covered a broader field than the original conference subject, namely coherent speckle diffraction (I Robinson, Urbana), scattering from soft-matter films (W de Jeu, Amsterdam), femtosecond diffraction (J Wark, Oxford), magnetic soft x-ray microscopy (P Fischer, Stuttgart), x-ray standing-wave imaging (J Zegenhagen, Grenoble), new trends in hard x-ray imaging (J Baruchel, Grenoble), anomalous x-ray scattering from nanostructures, (T Schülli, Grenoble), in-situ x-ray scattering (G Renaud, Grenoble) and x-ray waveguides (W Jark, Trieste). The topics of the oral presentations and posters can be divided into two large groups, namely x-ray imaging and x-ray diffraction. In the first group, the contributions concentrated on new developments in methods and instrumentation, including in-situ imaging, phase-contrast imaging and three-dimensional imaging. In the second group, attention was paid to anomalous scattering methods and scattering from thin films and nanostructures. The full list of all contributions together with their abstracts are available at the website http://www.xray.cz/xtop. During one session, Professor Andrew Lang, one of the pioneers of x-ray topography who gave his name to the popular topographic technique, and honorary guest of XTOP 2004, celebrated his 80th birthday. In a celebration address Professor A Authier reviewed Professor Lang's career and his invaluable contribution to the development of our field. We continue the tradition of previous XTOPs and publish a selection of original contributions from the conference in this special issue of Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics. The papers have been subject to peer review according to the normal practice of the journal. Generally, we observed that a new generation of young and very talented scientists has appeared, who are publishing very interesting and important papers. Therefore, the future prospects of x-ray imaging and high-resolution diffraction are bright and we all look forward to the next XTOP conference, organized by Tilo Baumbach and his group, which will take place in Karlsruhe, Germany, in 2006.

AMEE Education Guide no. 29: evaluating educational programmes.

PubMed

Goldie, John

2006-05-01

Evaluation has become an applied science in its own right in the last 40 years. This guide reviews the history of programme evaluation through its initial concern with methodology, giving way to concern with the context of evaluation practice and into the challenge of fitting evaluation results into highly politicized and decentralized systems. It provides a framework for potential evaluators considering undertaking evaluation. The role of the evaluator; the ethics of evaluation; choosing the questions to be asked; evaluation design, including the dimensions of evaluation and the range of evaluation approaches available to guide evaluators; interpreting and disseminating the findings; and influencing decision making are covered.

Empowerment Evaluation: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fetterman, David; Wandersman, Abraham

2007-01-01

Empowerment evaluation continues to crystallize central issues for evaluators and the field of evaluation. A highly attended American Evaluation Association conference panel, titled "Empowerment Evaluation and Traditional Evaluation: 10 Years Later," provided an opportunity to reflect on the evolution of empowerment evaluation. Several…

Collaborative Evaluation within a Framework of Stakeholder-Oriented Evaluation Approaches

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

O'Sullivan, Rita G.

2012-01-01

Collaborative Evaluation systematically invites and engages stakeholders in program evaluation planning and implementation. Unlike "distanced" evaluation approaches, which reject stakeholder participation as evaluation team members, Collaborative Evaluation assumes that active, on-going engagement between evaluators and program staff,…

Tracking hand movements captures the response dynamics of the evaluative priming effect.

PubMed

Kawakami, Naoaki; Miura, Emi

2018-06-08

We tested the response dynamics of the evaluative priming effect (i.e. facilitation of target responses following evaluatively congruent compared with evaluatively incongruent primes) using a mouse tracking procedure that records hand movements during the execution of categorisation tasks. In Experiment 1, when participants performed the evaluative categorisation task but not the non-evaluative semantic categorisation task, their mouse trajectories for evaluatively incongruent trials curved more toward the opposite response than those for evaluatively congruent trials, indicating the emergence of evaluative priming effects based on response competition. In Experiment 2, implementing a task-switching procedure in which evaluative and non-evaluative categorisation tasks were intermixed, we obtained reliable evaluative priming effects in the non-evaluative semantic categorisation task as well as in the evaluative categorisation task when participants assigned attention to the evaluative stimulus dimension. Analyses of hand movements revealed that the evaluative priming effects in the evaluative categorisation task were reflected in the mouse trajectories, while evaluative priming effects in the non-evaluative categorisation tasks were reflected in initiation times (i.e. the time elapsed between target onset and first mouse movement). Based on these findings, we discuss the methodological benefits of the mouse tracking procedure and the underlying processes of evaluative priming effects.

Does Research on Evaluation Matter? Findings from a Survey of American Evaluation Association Members and Prominent Evaluation Theorists and Scholars

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Coryn, Chris L. S.; Ozeki, Satoshi; Wilson, Lyssa N.; Greenman, Gregory D., II; Schröter, Daniela C.; Hobson, Kristin A.; Azzam, Tarek; Vo, Anne T.

2016-01-01

Research on evaluation theories, methods, and practices has increased considerably in the past decade. Even so, little is known about whether published findings from research on evaluation are read by evaluators and whether such findings influence evaluators' thinking about evaluation or their evaluation practice. To address these questions, and…

Empowerment evaluation: An approach that has literally altered the landscape of evaluation.

PubMed

Donaldson, Stewart I

2017-08-01

The quest for credible and actionable evidence to improve decision making, foster improvement, enhance self-determination, and promote social betterment is now a global phenomenon. Evaluation theorists and practitioners alike have responded to and overcome the challenges that limited the effectiveness and usefulness of traditional evaluation approaches primarily focused on seeking rigorous scientific knowledge about social programs and policies. No modern evaluation approach has received a more robust welcome from stakeholders across the globe than empowerment evaluation. Empowerment evaluation has been a leader in the development of stakeholder involvement approaches to evaluation, setting a high bar. In addition, empowerment evaluation's respect for community knowledge and commitment to the people's right to build their own evaluation capacity has influenced the evaluation mainstream, particularly concerning evaluation capacity building. Empowerment evaluation's most significant contributions to the field have been to improving evaluation use and knowledge utilization. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Recommendations and Improvements for the Evaluation of Integrated Community-Wide Interventions Approaches.

PubMed

van Koperen, Tessa M; Renders, Carry M; Spierings, Eline J M; Hendriks, Anna-Marie; Westerman, Marjan J; Seidell, Jacob C; Schuit, Albertine J

2016-01-01

Background . Integrated community-wide intervention approaches (ICIAs) are implemented to prevent childhood obesity. Programme evaluation improves these ICIAs, but professionals involved often struggle with performance. Evaluation tools have been developed to support Dutch professionals involved in ICIAs. It is unclear how useful these tools are to intended users. We therefore researched the facilitators of and barriers to ICIA programme evaluation as perceived by professionals and their experiences of the evaluation tools. Methods . Focus groups and interviews with 33 public health professionals. Data were analysed using a thematic content approach. Findings . Evaluation is hampered by insufficient time, budget, and experience with ICIAs, lack of leadership, and limited advocacy for evaluation. Epidemiologists are regarded as responsible for evaluation but feel incompetent to perform evaluation or advocate its need in a political environment. Managers did not prioritise process evaluations, involvement of stakeholders, and capacity building. The evaluation tools are perceived as valuable but too comprehensive considering limited resources. Conclusion . Evaluating ICIAs is important but most professionals are unfamiliar with it and management does not prioritise process evaluation nor incentivize professionals to evaluate. To optimise programme evaluation, more resources and coaching are required to improve professionals' evaluation capabilities and specifically the use of evaluation.

Recommendations and Improvements for the Evaluation of Integrated Community-Wide Interventions Approaches

PubMed Central

Spierings, Eline J. M.; Westerman, Marjan J.; Seidell, Jacob C.; Schuit, Albertine J.

2016-01-01

Background. Integrated community-wide intervention approaches (ICIAs) are implemented to prevent childhood obesity. Programme evaluation improves these ICIAs, but professionals involved often struggle with performance. Evaluation tools have been developed to support Dutch professionals involved in ICIAs. It is unclear how useful these tools are to intended users. We therefore researched the facilitators of and barriers to ICIA programme evaluation as perceived by professionals and their experiences of the evaluation tools. Methods. Focus groups and interviews with 33 public health professionals. Data were analysed using a thematic content approach. Findings. Evaluation is hampered by insufficient time, budget, and experience with ICIAs, lack of leadership, and limited advocacy for evaluation. Epidemiologists are regarded as responsible for evaluation but feel incompetent to perform evaluation or advocate its need in a political environment. Managers did not prioritise process evaluations, involvement of stakeholders, and capacity building. The evaluation tools are perceived as valuable but too comprehensive considering limited resources. Conclusion. Evaluating ICIAs is important but most professionals are unfamiliar with it and management does not prioritise process evaluation nor incentivize professionals to evaluate. To optimise programme evaluation, more resources and coaching are required to improve professionals' evaluation capabilities and specifically the use of evaluation. PMID:28116149

A novel resident-as-teacher training program to improve and evaluate obstetrics and gynecology resident teaching skills.

PubMed

Ricciotti, Hope A; Dodge, Laura E; Head, Julia; Atkins, K Meredith; Hacker, Michele R

2012-01-01

Residents play a significant role in teaching, but formal training, feedback, and evaluation are needed. Our aims were to assess resident teaching skills in the resident-as-teacher program, quantify correlations of faculty evaluations with resident self-evaluations, compare resident-as-teacher evaluations with clinical evaluations, and evaluate the resident-as-teacher program. The resident-as-teacher training program is a simulated, videotaped teaching encounter with a trained medical student and standardized teaching evaluation tool. Evaluations from the resident-as-teacher training program were compared to evaluations of resident teaching done by faculty, residents, and medical students from the clinical setting. Faculty evaluation of resident teaching skills in the resident-as-teacher program showed a mean total score of 4.5 ± 0.5 with statistically significant correlations between faculty assessment and resident self-evaluations (r = 0.47; p < 0.001). However, resident self-evaluation of teaching skill was lower than faculty evaluation (mean difference: 0.4; 95% CI 0.3-0.6). When compared to the clinical setting, resident-as-teacher evaluations were significantly correlated with faculty and resident evaluations, but not medical student evaluations. Evaluations from both the resident-as-teacher program and the clinical setting improved with duration of residency. The resident-as-teacher program provides a method to train, give feedback, and evaluate resident teaching.

Reflections on Empowerment Evaluation: Learning from Experience.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fetterman, David M.

1999-01-01

Reflects on empowerment evaluation, the use of evaluation to foster improvement and self-determination. Empowerment evaluation uses quantitative and qualitative methods, and usually focuses on program evaluation. Discusses the growth in empowerment evaluation as a result of interest in participatory evaluation. (SLD)

Methods of Product Evaluation. Guide Number 10. Evaluation Guides Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

St. John, Mark

In this guide the logic of product evaluation is described in a framework that is meant to be general and adaptable to all kinds of evaluations. Evaluators should consider using the logic and methods of product evaluation when (1) the purpose of the evaluation is to aid evaluators in making a decision about purchases; (2) a comprehensive…

Evaluation of clinical practice guidelines.

PubMed Central

Basinski, A S

1995-01-01

Compared with the current focus on the development of clinical practice guidelines the effort devoted to their evaluation is meagre. Yet the ultimate success of guidelines depends on routine evaluation. Three types of evaluation are identified: evaluation of guidelines under development and before dissemination and implementation, evaluation of health care programs in which guidelines play a central role, and scientific evaluation, through studies that provide the scientific knowledge base for further evolution of guidelines. Identification of evaluation and program goals, evaluation design and a framework for evaluation planning are discussed. PMID:7489550

Timing of Emergency Medicine Student Evaluation Does Not Affect Scoring.

PubMed

Hiller, Katherine M; Waterbrook, Anna; Waters, Kristina

2016-02-01

Evaluation of medical students rotating through the emergency department (ED) is an important formative and summative assessment method. Intuitively, delaying evaluation should affect the reliability of this assessment method, however, the effect of evaluation timing on scoring is unknown. A quality-improvement project evaluating the timing of end-of-shift ED evaluations at the University of Arizona was performed to determine whether delay in evaluation affected the score. End-of-shift ED evaluations completed on behalf of fourth-year medical students from July 2012 to March 2013 were reviewed. Forty-seven students were evaluated 547 times by 46 residents and attendings. Evaluation scores were means of anchored Likert scales (1-5) for the domains of energy/interest, fund of knowledge, judgment/problem-solving ability, clinical skills, personal effectiveness, and systems-based practice. Date of shift, date of evaluation, and score were collected. Linear regression was performed to determine whether timing of the evaluation had an effect on evaluation score. Data were complete for 477 of 547 evaluations (87.2%). Mean evaluation score was 4.1 (range 2.3-5, standard deviation 0.62). Evaluations took a mean of 8.5 days (median 4 days, range 0-59 days, standard deviation 9.77 days) to complete. Delay in evaluation had no significant effect on score (p = 0.983). The evaluation score was not affected by timing of the evaluation. Variance in scores was similar for both immediate and delayed evaluations. Considerable amounts of time and energy are expended tracking down delayed evaluations. This activity does not impact a student's final grade. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Government and voluntary sector differences in organizational capacity to do and use evaluation.

PubMed

Cousins, J Bradley; Goh, Swee C; Elliott, Catherine; Aubry, Tim; Gilbert, Nathalie

2014-06-01

Research on evaluation capacity is limited although a recent survey article on integrating evaluation into the organizational culture (Cousins, Goh, Clark, & Lee, 2004) revealed that interest in the topic is increasing. While knowledge about building the capacity to do evaluation has developed considerably, less is understood about building the organizational capacity to use evaluation. This article reports on the results of a pan-Canadian survey of evaluators working in organizations (internal evaluators or organization members with evaluation responsibility) conducted in 2007. Reliability across all constructs was high. Responses from government evaluators (N=160) were compared to responses from evaluators who work in the voluntary sector (N=89). The former were found to self-identify more highly as 'evaluators' (specialists) whereas the latter tended to identify as 'managers' (non-specialists). As a result, government evaluators had significantly higher self-reported levels of evaluation knowledge (both theory and practice); and they spent more time performing evaluation functions. However, irrespective of role, voluntary sector respondents rated their organizations more favorably than did their government sector counterparts with respect to the antecedents or conditions supporting evaluation capacity, and the capacity to use evaluation. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for evaluation practice and ongoing research. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The current status of theory evaluation in nursing.

PubMed

Im, Eun-Ok

2015-10-01

To identify the current status of theory evaluation in nursing and provide directions for theory evaluation for future development of theoretical bases of nursing discipline. Theory evaluation is an essential component in development of nursing knowledge, which is a critical element in development of nursing discipline. Despite earlier significant efforts for theory evaluation in nursing, a recent decline in the number of theory evaluation articles was noted and there have been few updates on theory evaluation in nursing. Discussion paper. A total of 58 articles published from 2003-2014 were retrieved through searches using the PUBMED, PsyInfo and CINAHL. The articles were sorted by the area of evaluation and analysed to identify themes reflecting the theory evaluation process. Diverse ways of theory evaluation need to be continuously used in future theory evaluation efforts. Six themes reflecting the theory evaluation process were identified: (a) rarely using existing theory evaluation criteria; (b) evaluating specifics; (c) using various statistical analysis methods; (d) developing instruments; (e) adopting in practice and education; and (f) evaluating mainly middle-range theories and situation-specific theories. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Meta-Evaluation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stufflebeam, Daniel L.

2011-01-01

Good evaluation requires that evaluation efforts themselves be evaluated. Many things can and often do go wrong in evaluation work. Accordingly, it is necessary to check evaluations for problems such as bias, technical error, administrative difficulties, and misuse. Such checks are needed both to improve ongoing evaluation activities and to assess…

Bringing Evaluative Learning to Life

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

King, Jean A.

2008-01-01

This excerpt from the opening plenary asks evaluators to consider two questions regarding learning and evaluation: (a) How do evaluators know if, how, when, and what people are learning during an evaluation? and (b) In what ways can evaluation be a learning experience? To answer the first question, evaluators can apply the commonplaces of…

The Evaluation Handbook: Guidelines for Evaluating Dropout Prevention Programs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smink, Jay; Stank, Peg

This manual, developed in an effort to take the mysticism out of program evaluation, discusses six phases of the program evaluation process. The introduction discusses reasons for evaluation, process and outcome evaluation, the purpose of the handbook, the evaluation process, and the Sequoia United School District Dropout Prevention Program. Phase…

Teacher Education Program Evaluation: An Annotated Bibliography and Guide to Research.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ayers, Jerry B.; Berney, Mary F.

This book includes an annotated bibliography of the essentials needed to conduct an effective evaluation of a teacher education program. Specific information on evaluation includes: (1) general evaluation techniques, (2) evaluation of candidates and students, (3) evaluation of the knowledge base, (4) quality controls, (5) evaluation of laboratory…

The Influence of Evaluators' Principles on Evaluation Resource Decisions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Crohn, Kara Shea Davis

2009-01-01

This study examines ways in which evaluators' principles influence decisions about evaluation resources. Evaluators must seek-out and allocate (often scarce) resources (e.g., money, time, data, people, places) in a way that allows them to conduct the best possible evaluation given clients' and evaluation participants' constraints. Working within…

38 CFR 21.6052 - Evaluations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Evaluations. 21.6052... Recipients Evaluation § 21.6052 Evaluations. (a) Scope and nature of evaluation. The scope and nature of the evaluation under this program shall be the same as for an evaluation of the reasonable feasibility of...

The Use of Multiple Evaluation Approaches in Program Evaluation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bledsoe, Katrina L.; Graham, James A.

2005-01-01

The authors discuss the use of multiple evaluation approaches in conducting program evaluations. Specifically, they illustrate four evaluation approaches (theory-driven, consumer-based, empowerment, and inclusive evaluation) and briefly discuss a fifth (use-focused evaluation) as a side effect of the use of the others. The authors also address the…

The Art of Evaluation: A Handbook for Educators and Trainers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fenwick, Tara J.; Parsons, Jim

This book introduces adult educators and trainers to the principles and techniques of learner evaluation in the various contexts of adult education. The following are among the topics discussed: (1) the purposes of evaluation (the importance of authentic evaluation; principles of evaluation; traps in evaluation); (2) evaluating one's philosophy…

A merged model of quality improvement and evaluation: maximizing return on investment.

PubMed

Woodhouse, Lynn D; Toal, Russ; Nguyen, Trang; Keene, DeAnna; Gunn, Laura; Kellum, Andrea; Nelson, Gary; Charles, Simone; Tedders, Stuart; Williams, Natalie; Livingood, William C

2013-11-01

Quality improvement (QI) and evaluation are frequently considered to be alternative approaches for monitoring and assessing program implementation and impact. The emphasis on third-party evaluation, particularly associated with summative evaluation, and the grounding of evaluation in the social and behavioral science contrast with an emphasis on the integration of QI process within programs or organizations and its origins in management science and industrial engineering. Working with a major philanthropic organization in Georgia, we illustrate how a QI model is integrated with evaluation for five asthma prevention and control sites serving poor and underserved communities in rural and urban Georgia. A primary foundation of this merged model of QI and evaluation is a refocusing of the evaluation from an intimidating report card summative evaluation by external evaluators to an internally engaged program focus on developmental evaluation. The benefits of the merged model to both QI and evaluation are discussed. The use of evaluation based logic models can help anchor a QI program in evidence-based practice and provide linkage between process and outputs with the longer term distal outcomes. Merging the QI approach with evaluation has major advantages, particularly related to enhancing the funder's return on investment. We illustrate how a Plan-Do-Study-Act model of QI can (a) be integrated with evaluation based logic models, (b) help refocus emphasis from summative to developmental evaluation, (c) enhance program ownership and engagement in evaluation activities, and (d) increase the role of evaluators in providing technical assistance and support.

Barriers to and Facilitators of the Evaluation of Integrated Community-Wide Overweight Intervention Approaches: A Qualitative Case Study in Two Dutch Municipalities

PubMed Central

van Koperen, Tessa M.; de Kruif, Anja; van Antwerpen, Lisa; Hendriks, Anna-Marie; Seidell, Jacob C.; Schuit, Albertine J.; Renders, Carry M.

2016-01-01

To prevent overweight and obesity the implementation of an integrated community-wide intervention approach (ICIA) is often advocated. Evaluation can enhance implementation of such an approach and demonstrate the extent of effectiveness. To be able to support professionals in the evaluation of ICIAs we studied barriers to and facilitators of ICIA evaluation. In this study ten professionals of two Dutch municipalities involved in the evaluation of an ICIA participated. We conducted semi-structured interviews (n = 12), observed programme meetings (n = 4) and carried out document analysis. Data were analyzed using a thematic content approach. We learned that evaluation is hampered when it is perceived as unfeasible due to limited time and budget, a lack of evaluation knowledge or a negative evaluation attitude. Other barriers are a poor understanding of the evaluation process and its added value to optimizing the programme. Sufficient communication between involved professionals on evaluation can facilitate evaluation, as does support for evaluation of ICIAs together with stakeholders at a strategic and tactical level. To stimulate the evaluation of ICIAs, we recommend supporting professionals in securing evaluation resources, providing tailored training and tools to enhance evaluation competences and stimulating strategic communication on evaluation. PMID:27043600

Barriers to and Facilitators of the Evaluation of Integrated Community-Wide Overweight Intervention Approaches: A Qualitative Case Study in Two Dutch Municipalities.

PubMed

van Koperen, Tessa M; de Kruif, Anja; van Antwerpen, Lisa; Hendriks, Anna-Marie; Seidell, Jacob C; Schuit, Albertine J; Renders, Carry M

2016-03-31

To prevent overweight and obesity the implementation of an integrated community-wide intervention approach (ICIA) is often advocated. Evaluation can enhance implementation of such an approach and demonstrate the extent of effectiveness. To be able to support professionals in the evaluation of ICIAs we studied barriers to and facilitators of ICIA evaluation. In this study ten professionals of two Dutch municipalities involved in the evaluation of an ICIA participated. We conducted semi-structured interviews (n = 12), observed programme meetings (n = 4) and carried out document analysis. Data were analyzed using a thematic content approach. We learned that evaluation is hampered when it is perceived as unfeasible due to limited time and budget, a lack of evaluation knowledge or a negative evaluation attitude. Other barriers are a poor understanding of the evaluation process and its added value to optimizing the programme. Sufficient communication between involved professionals on evaluation can facilitate evaluation, as does support for evaluation of ICIAs together with stakeholders at a strategic and tactical level. To stimulate the evaluation of ICIAs, we recommend supporting professionals in securing evaluation resources, providing tailored training and tools to enhance evaluation competences and stimulating strategic communication on evaluation.

Non-Deployable Soldiers: Understanding the Army’s Challenge

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-05-07

TERMS Medically Not Ready (MNR), Warrior Transition Unit (WTU), Disability Evaluation System (DES), Physical Evaluation Board (PEB), Medical Evaluation... Board (MEB), MOS Medical Retention Board (MMRB), Human Capital Enterprise, Personnel Management, Physical Evaluations System. 16. SECURITY...Medically Not Ready (MNR), Warrior Transition Unit (WTU), Disability Evaluation System (DES), Physical Evaluation Board (PEB), Medical Evaluation

When Mode Does Not Matter: Evaluation in Class versus Out of Class

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kordts-Freudinger, Robert; Geithner, Eva

2013-01-01

This article investigates if online evaluation leads to different results than paper-and-pencil evaluation. Given that most previous studies confound the evaluation mode (online versus paper) with the evaluation situation (in class versus after class), we expected that evaluation results would be influenced only by the evaluation situation,…

Evaluator and Program Manager Perceptions of Evaluation Capacity and Evaluation Practice

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fierro, Leslie A.; Christie, Christina A.

2017-01-01

The evaluation community has demonstrated an increased emphasis and interest in evaluation capacity building in recent years. A need currently exists to better understand how to measure evaluation capacity and its potential outcomes. In this study, we distributed an online questionnaire to managers and evaluation points of contact working in…

Documenting Evaluation Use: Guided Evaluation Decisionmaking. Evaluation Productivity Project.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Burry, James

This paper documents the evaluation use process among districts using the Guide for Evaluation Decision Makers, published by the Center for the Study of Evaluation (CSE) during the 1984-85 school year. Included are the following: (1) a discussion of research that led to conclusions concerning the administrator's role in evaluation use; (2) a…

Toward Better Research on--and Thinking about--Evaluation Influence, Especially in Multisite Evaluations

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mark, Melvin M.

2011-01-01

Evaluation is typically carried out with the intention of making a difference in the understandings and actions of stakeholders and decision makers. The author provides a general review of the concepts of evaluation "use," evaluation "influence," and "influence pathways," with connections to multisite evaluations. The study of evaluation influence…

Informing the Discussion on Evaluator Training: A Look at Evaluators' Course Taking and Professional Practice

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Christie, Christina A.; Quiñones, Patricia; Fierro, Leslie

2014-01-01

This classification study examines evaluators' coursework training as a way of understanding evaluation practice. Data regarding courses that span methods and evaluation topics were collected from evaluation practitioners. Using latent class analysis, we establish four distinct classes of evaluator course-taking patterns: quantitative,…

Improving Beta Test Evaluation Response Rates: A Meta-Evaluation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Russ-Eft, Darlene; Preskill, Hallie

2005-01-01

This study presents a meta-evaluation of a beta-test of a customer service training program. The initial evaluation showed a low response rate. Therefore, the meta-evaluation focused on issues related to the conduct of the initial evaluation and reasons for nonresponse. The meta-evaluation identified solutions to the nonresponse problem as related…

Nurturing Professional Growth: A Peer Review Model for Independent Evaluators

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bond, Sally L.; Ray, Marilyn L.

2006-01-01

There has been a recent groundswell of support in the American Evaluation Association's Independent Consulting Topical Interest Group (IC TIG) for evaluating evaluators' work just as evaluators evaluate the work of their clients. To facilitate this self-evaluation, the IC TIG elected to create a peer review process that focuses on written…

Does sunshine prime loyal … or summer? Effects of associative relatedness on the evaluative priming effect in the valent/neutral categorisation task.

PubMed

Werner, Benedikt; von Ramin, Elisabeth; Spruyt, Adriaan; Rothermund, Klaus

2018-02-01

After 30 years of research, the mechanisms underlying the evaluative priming effect are still a topic of debate. In this study, we tested whether the evaluative priming effect can result from (uncontrolled) associative relatedness rather than evaluative congruency. Stimuli that share the same evaluative connotation are more likely to show some degree of non-evaluative associative relatedness than stimuli that have a different evaluative connotation. Therefore, unless associative relatedness is explicitly controlled for, evaluative priming effects reported in earlier research may be driven by associative relatedness instead of evaluative relatedness. To address this possibility, we performed an evaluative priming study in which evaluative congruency and associative relatedness were manipulated independently from each other. The valent/neutral categorisation task was used to ensure evaluative stimulus processing in the absence of response priming effects. Results showed an effect of associative relatedness but no (overall) effect of evaluative congruency. Our findings highlight the importance of controlling for associative relatedness when testing for evaluative priming effects.

Evaluator competencies in the context of diversity training: The practitioners' point of view.

PubMed

Froncek, Benjamin; Mazziotta, Agostino; Piper, Verena; Rohmann, Anette

2018-04-01

Evaluator competencies have been discussed since the beginnings of program evaluation literature. More recently, the Essential Competencies for Program Evaluators (Ghere et al., 2006; Stevahn, King, Ghere & Minnema, 2005a) have proven to be a useful taxonomy for learning and improving evaluation practice. Evaluation is critical to diversity training activities, and diversity training providers face the challenge of conducting evaluations of their training programs. We explored what competencies are viewed as instrumental to conducting useful evaluations in this specific field of evaluation practice. In an online survey, N = 172 diversity training providers were interviewed via an open answer format about their perceptions of evaluator competencies, with n = 95 diversity training providers contributing statements. The Essential Competencies for Program Evaluators were used to conduct a deductive qualitative content analysis of the statements. While systematic inquiry, reflective practice, and interpersonal competence were well represented, situational analysis and project management were not. Implications are discussed for evaluation capacity building among diversity training providers and for negotiating evaluation projects with evaluation professionals. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Attitudes toward evaluation: An exploratory study of students' and stakeholders' social representations.

PubMed

Schultes, Marie-Therese; Kollmayer, Marlene; Mejeh, Mathias; Spiel, Christiane

2018-06-15

Positive attitudes toward evaluation among stakeholders are an important precondition for successful evaluation processes. However, empirical studies focusing on stakeholders' attitudes toward evaluation are scarce. The present paper explores the approach of assessing social representations as indicators of people's attitudes toward evaluation. In an exploratory study, two groups were surveyed: University students (n = 60) with rather theoretical knowledge of evaluation and stakeholders (n = 61) who had shortly before taken part in participatory evaluation studies. Both groups were asked to name their free associations with the term "evaluation", which were subsequently analyzed lexicographically. The results indicate different social representations of evaluation in the two groups. The student group primarily saw evaluation as an "appraisal", whereas the stakeholders emphasized the "improvement" resulting from evaluation. Implications for further evaluation research and practice are discussed. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Evaluation and its importance for nursing practice.

PubMed

Moule, Pam; Armoogum, Julie; Douglass, Emma; Taylor, Dr Julie

2017-04-26

Evaluation of service delivery is an important aspect of nursing practice. Service evaluation is being increasingly used and led by nurses, who are well placed to evaluate service and practice delivery. This article defines evaluation of services and wider care delivery and its relevance in NHS practice and policy. It aims to encourage nurses to think about how evaluation of services or practice differs from research and audit activity and to consider why and how they should use evaluation in their practice. A process for planning and conducting an evaluation and disseminating findings is presented. Evaluation in the healthcare context can be a complicated activity and some of the potential challenges of evaluation are described, alongside possible solutions. Further resources and guidance on evaluation activity to support nurses' ongoing development are identified.

Evaluation readiness: improved evaluation planning using a data inventory framework.

PubMed

Cohen, A B; Hall, K C; Cohodes, D R

1985-01-01

Factors intrinsic to many programs, such as ambiguously stated objectives, inadequately defined performance measures, and incomplete or unreliable databases, often conspire to limit the evaluability of these programs. Current evaluation planning approaches are somewhat constrained in their ability to overcome these obstacles and to achieve full preparedness for evaluation. In this paper, the concept of evaluation readiness is introduced as a complement to other evaluation planning approaches, most notably that of evaluability assessment. The basic products of evaluation readiness--the formal program definition and the data inventory framework--are described, along with a guide for assuring more timely and appropriate evaluation response capability to support the decision making needs of program managers. The utility of evaluation readiness for program planning, as well as for effective management, is also discussed.

EVALUE : a computer program for evaluating investments in forest products industries

Treesearch

Peter J. Ince; Philip H. Steele

1980-01-01

EVALUE, a FORTRAN program, was developed to provide a framework for cash flow analysis of investment opportunities. EVALUE was designed to assist researchers in evaluating investment feasibility of new technology or new manufacturing processes. This report serves as user documentation for the EVALUE program. EVALUE is briefly described and notes on preparation of a...

Toward a Collective Approach to Course Evaluation in Curriculum Development, A Contemporary Perspective

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nyabero, Charles

2016-01-01

The purpose of this article was to explore on how course evaluation, decision making process, the methodology of evaluation and various roles of evaluation interact in the process of curriculum development. In the process of this exploration, the characteristics the types of evaluation, purposes of course evaluation, methodology of evaluation,…

Using Evaluability Assessment to Improve Program Evaluation for the Blue-Throated Macaw Environmental Education Project in Bolivia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Salvatierra da Silva, Daniela; Jacobson, Susan K.; Monroe, Martha C.; Israel, Glenn D.

2016-01-01

An evaluability assessment of a program to save a critically endangered bird helped prepare the Blue-throated Macaw Environmental Education Project for evaluation and program improvement. The evaluability assessment facilitated agreement among key stakeholders on evaluation criteria and intended uses of evaluation information in order to maximize…

40 CFR Table 6 to Subpart Wwww of... - Basic Requirements for Performance Tests, Performance Evaluations, and Design Evaluations for New...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Tests, Performance Evaluations, and Design Evaluations for New and Existing Sources Using Add-On Control... Tests, Performance Evaluations, and Design Evaluations for New and Existing Sources Using Add-On Control Devices As required in § 63.5850 you must conduct performance tests, performance evaluations, and design...

40 CFR Table 6 to Subpart Wwww of... - Basic Requirements for Performance Tests, Performance Evaluations, and Design Evaluations for New...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Tests, Performance Evaluations, and Design Evaluations for New and Existing Sources Using Add-On Control... Performance Tests, Performance Evaluations, and Design Evaluations for New and Existing Sources Using Add-On Control Devices As required in § 63.5850 you must conduct performance tests, performance evaluations, and...

40 CFR Table 6 to Subpart Wwww of... - Basic Requirements for Performance Tests, Performance Evaluations, and Design Evaluations for New...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Tests, Performance Evaluations, and Design Evaluations for New and Existing Sources Using Add-On Control... Performance Tests, Performance Evaluations, and Design Evaluations for New and Existing Sources Using Add-On Control Devices As required in § 63.5850 you must conduct performance tests, performance evaluations, and...

40 CFR Table 6 to Subpart Wwww of... - Basic Requirements for Performance Tests, Performance Evaluations, and Design Evaluations for New...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Tests, Performance Evaluations, and Design Evaluations for New and Existing Sources Using Add-On Control... Performance Tests, Performance Evaluations, and Design Evaluations for New and Existing Sources Using Add-On Control Devices As required in § 63.5850 you must conduct performance tests, performance evaluations, and...

40 CFR Table 6 to Subpart Wwww of... - Basic Requirements for Performance Tests, Performance Evaluations, and Design Evaluations for New...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Tests, Performance Evaluations, and Design Evaluations for New and Existing Sources Using Add-On Control... Tests, Performance Evaluations, and Design Evaluations for New and Existing Sources Using Add-On Control Devices As required in § 63.5850 you must conduct performance tests, performance evaluations, and design...

How Do You Evaluate Everyone Who Isn't a Teacher? An Adaptable Evaluation Model for Professional Support Personnel.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stronge, James H.; And Others

The evaluation of professional support personnel in the schools has been a neglected area in educational evaluation. The Center for Research on Educational Accountability and Teacher Evaluation (CREATE) has worked to develop a conceptually sound evaluation model and then to translate the model into practical evaluation procedures that facilitate…

L'evaluation des politiques institutionnelles d'evaluation des apprentissages. Rapport synthese (The Evaluation of Institutional Policies of Evaluation of Learning. Synthesis Report). 2410-0520.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lindfelt, Bengt, Ed.

In accordance with provincial educational regulations, Quebec's community colleges have adopted "politiques institutionnelles d'evaluation des apprentissages" (PIEA), or institutional policies of the evaluation of learning. This report provides a synthesis of evaluations of the PIEA conducted by the province's Commission on the…

Aligning Collaborative and Culturally Responsive Evaluation Approaches

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Askew, Karyl; Beverly, Monifa Green; Jay, Michelle L.

2012-01-01

The authors, three African-American women trained as collaborative evaluators, offer a comparative analysis of collaborative evaluation (O'Sullivan, 2004) and culturally responsive evaluation approaches (Frierson, Hood, & Hughes, 2002; Kirkhart & Hopson, 2010). Collaborative evaluation techniques immerse evaluators in the cultural milieu…

Adolescents' explicit and implicit evaluations of hypothetical and actual peers with different bullying participant roles.

PubMed

Pouwels, J Loes; Lansu, Tessa A M; Cillessen, Antonius H N

2017-07-01

This study examined how adolescents evaluate bullying at three levels of specificity: (a) the general concept of bullying, (b) hypothetical peers in different bullying participant roles, and (c) actual peers in different bullying participant roles. Participants were 163 predominantly ethnic majority adolescents in The Netherlands (58% girls; M age =16.34years, SD=0.79). For the hypothetical peers, we examined adolescents' explicit evaluations as well as their implicit evaluations. Adolescents evaluated the general concept of bullying negatively. Adolescents' explicit evaluations of hypothetical and actual peers in the bullying roles depended on their own role, but adolescents' implicit evaluations of hypothetical peers did not. Adolescents' explicit evaluations of hypothetical peers and actual peers were different. Hypothetical bullies were evaluated negatively by all classmates, whereas hypothetical victims were evaluated relatively positively compared with the other roles. However, when adolescents evaluated their actual classmates, the differences between bullies and the other roles were smaller, whereas victims were evaluated the most negatively of all roles. Further research should take into account that adolescents' evaluations of hypothetical peers differ from their evaluations of actual peers. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Developing Your Evaluation Plans: A Critical Component of Public Health Program Infrastructure.

PubMed

Lavinghouze, S Rene; Snyder, Kimberly

A program's infrastructure is often cited as critical to public health success. The Component Model of Infrastructure (CMI) identifies evaluation as essential under the core component of engaged data. An evaluation plan is a written document that describes how to monitor and evaluate a program, as well as how to use evaluation results for program improvement and decision making. The evaluation plan clarifies how to describe what the program did, how it worked, and why outcomes matter. We use the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) "Framework for Program Evaluation in Public Health" as a guide for developing an evaluation plan. Just as using a roadmap facilitates progress on a long journey, a well-written evaluation plan can clarify the direction your evaluation takes and facilitate achievement of the evaluation's objectives.

[Assessment of research papers in medical university staff evaluation].

PubMed

Zhou, Qing-hui

2012-06-01

Medical university staff evaluation is a substantial branch of education administration for medical university. Output number of research papers as a direct index reflecting the achievements in academic research, plays an important role in academic research evaluation. Another index, influence of the research paper, is an indirect index for academic research evaluation. This paper mainly introduced some commonly used indexes in evaluation of academic research papers currently, and analyzed the applicability and limitation of each index. The author regards that academic research evaluation in education administration, which is mainly based on evaluation of academic research papers, should combine the evaluation of journals where the papers are published with peer review of the papers, and integrate qualitative evaluation with quantitative evaluation, for the purpose of setting up an objective academic research evaluation system for medical university staff.

Evaluation: Review of the Past, Preview of the Future.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith, M. F.

1994-01-01

This paper summarized contributors' ideas about evaluation as a field and where it is going. Topics discussed were qualitative versus quantitative debate; evaluation's purpose; professionalization; program failure; program development; evaluators as advocates; evaluation knowledge; evaluation expansion; and methodology and design. (SLD)

48 CFR 45.202 - Evaluation procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Evaluation procedures. 45... MANAGEMENT GOVERNMENT PROPERTY Solicitation and Evaluation Procedures 45.202 Evaluation procedures. (a) The... evaluation purposes only, a rental equivalent evaluation factor. (b) The contracting officer shall ensure the...

34 CFR 300.304 - Evaluation procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Educational Placements Evaluations and Reevaluations § 300.304 Evaluation procedures. (a) Notice. The public... conducting the evaluation, the public agency must— (1) Use a variety of assessment tools and strategies to... evaluation procedures. Each public agency must ensure that— (1) Assessments and other evaluation materials...

Experiments in evaluation capacity building: Enhancing brain disorders research impact in Ontario.

PubMed

Nylen, Kirk; Sridharan, Sanjeev

2017-05-08

This paper is the introductory paper on a forum on evaluation capacity building for enhancing impacts of research on brain disorders. It describes challenges and opportunities of building evaluation capacity among community-based organizations in Ontario involved in enhancing brain health and supporting people living with a brain disorder. Using an example of a capacity building program called the "Evaluation Support Program", which is run by the Ontario Brain Institute, this forum discusses multiple themes including evaluation capacity building, evaluation culture and evaluation methodologies appropriate for evaluating complex community interventions. The goal of the Evaluation Support Program is to help community-based organizations build the capacity to demonstrate the value that they offer in order to improve, sustain, and spread their programs and activities. One of the features of this forum is that perspectives on the Evaluation Support Program are provided by multiple stakeholders, including the community-based organizations, evaluation team members involved in capacity building, thought leaders in the fields of evaluation capacity building and evaluation culture, and the funders. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Evaluation of competence-based teaching in higher education: From theory to practice.

PubMed

Bergsmann, Evelyn; Schultes, Marie-Therese; Winter, Petra; Schober, Barbara; Spiel, Christiane

2015-10-01

Competence-based teaching in higher education institutions and its evaluation have become a prevalent topic especially in the European Union. However, evaluation instruments are often limited, for example to single student competencies or specific elements of the teaching process. The present paper provides a more comprehensive evaluation concept that contributes to sustainable improvement of competence-based teaching in higher education institutions. The evaluation concept considers competence research developments as well as the participatory evaluation approach. The evaluation concept consists of three stages. The first stage evaluates whether the competencies students are supposed to acquire within the curriculum (ideal situation) are well defined. The second stage evaluates the teaching process and the competencies students have actually acquired (real situation). The third stage evaluates concrete aspects of the teaching process. Additionally, an implementation strategy is introduced to support the transfer from the theoretical evaluation concept to practice. The evaluation concept and its implementation strategy are designed for internal evaluations in higher education and primarily address higher education institutions that have already developed and conducted a competence-based curriculum. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Application of a responsive evaluation approach in medical education.

PubMed

Curran, Vernon; Christopher, Jeanette; Lemire, Francine; Collins, Alice; Barrett, Brendan

2003-03-01

This paper reports on the usefulness of a responsive evaluation model in evaluating the clinical skills assessment and training (CSAT) programme at the Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the responsive evaluation approach, ascertain its utility, feasibility, propriety and accuracy in a medical education context, and discuss its applicability as a model for medical education programme evaluation. Robert Stake's original 12-step responsive evaluation model was modified and reduced to five steps, including: (1) stakeholder audience identification, consultation and issues exploration; (2) stakeholder concerns and issues analysis; (3) identification of evaluative standards and criteria; (4) design and implementation of evaluation methodology; and (5) data analysis and reporting. This modified responsive evaluation process was applied to the CSAT programme and a meta-evaluation was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the approach. The responsive evaluation approach was useful in identifying the concerns and issues of programme stakeholders, solidifying the standards and criteria for measuring the success of the CSAT programme, and gathering rich and descriptive evaluative information about educational processes. The evaluation was perceived to be human resource dependent in nature, yet was deemed to have been practical, efficient and effective in uncovering meaningful and useful information for stakeholder decision-making. Responsive evaluation is derived from the naturalistic paradigm and concentrates on examining the educational process rather than predefined outcomes of the process. Responsive evaluation results are perceived as having more relevance to stakeholder concerns and issues, and therefore more likely to be acted upon. Conducting an evaluation that is responsive to the needs of these groups will ensure that evaluative information is meaningful and more likely to be used for programme enhancement and improvement.

Clinical Performance Evaluations of Third-Year Medical Students and Association With Student and Evaluator Gender.

PubMed

Riese, Alison; Rappaport, Leah; Alverson, Brian; Park, Sangshin; Rockney, Randal M

2017-06-01

Clinical performance evaluations are major components of medical school clerkship grades. But are they sufficiently objective? This study aimed to determine whether student and evaluator gender is associated with assessment of overall clinical performance. This was a retrospective analysis of 4,272 core clerkship clinical performance evaluations by 829 evaluators of 155 third-year students, within the Alpert Medical School grading database for the 2013-2014 academic year. Overall clinical performance, assessed on a three-point scale (meets expectations, above expectations, exceptional), was extracted from each evaluation, as well as evaluator gender, age, training level, department, student gender and age, and length of observation time. Hierarchical ordinal regression modeling was conducted to account for clustering of evaluations. Female students were more likely to receive a better grade than males (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.30, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13-1.50), and female evaluators awarded lower grades than males (AOR 0.72, 95% CI 0.55-0.93), adjusting for department, observation time, and student and evaluator age. The interaction between student and evaluator gender was significant (P = .03), with female evaluators assigning higher grades to female students, while male evaluators' grading did not differ by student gender. Students who spent a short time with evaluators were also more likely to get a lower grade. A one-year examination of all third-year clerkship clinical performance evaluations at a single institution revealed that male and female evaluators rated male and female students differently, even when accounting for other measured variables.