Observation of Water-Protein Interaction Dynamics with Broadband Two-Dimensional Infrared Spectroscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

De Marco, Luigi; Haky, Andrew; Tokmakoff, Andrei

Two-dimensional infrared (2D IR) spectroscopy has proven itself an indispensable tool for studying molecular dynamics and intermolecular interactions on ultrafast timescales. Using a novel source of broadband mid-IR pulses, we have collected 2D IR spectra of protein films at varying levels of hydration. With 2D IR, we can directly observe coupling between water's motions and the protein's. Protein films provide us with the ability to discriminate hydration waters from bulk water and thus give us access to studying water dynamics along the protein backbone, fluctuations in the protein structure, and the interplay between the molecular dynamics of the two. We present two representative protein films: poly-L-proline (PLP) and hen egg-white lysozyme (HEWL). Having no N-H groups, PLP allows us to look at water dynamics without interference from resonant energy transfer between the protein N-H stretch and the water O-H stretch. We conclude that at low hydration levels water-protein interactions dominate, and the water's dynamics are tied to those of the protein. In HEWL films, we take advantage of the robust secondary structure to partially deuterate the film, allowing us to spectrally distinguish the protein core from the exterior. From this, we show that resonant energy transfer to water provides an effective means of dissipating excess energy within the protein, while maintaining the structure. These methods are general and can easily be extended to studying specific protein-water interactions.

First-principles study of the infrared spectra of the ice Ih (0001) surface

DOE PAGES

Pham, T. Anh; Huang, P.; Schwegler, E.; ...

2012-08-22

Here, we present a study of the infrared (IR) spectra of the (0001) deuterated ice surface based on first-principles molecular dynamics simulations. The computed spectra show a good agreement with available experimental IR measurements. We identified the bonding configurations associated with specific features in the spectra, allowing us to provide a detailed interpretation of IR signals. We computed the spectra of several proton ordered and disordered models of the (0001) surface of ice, and we found that IR spectra do not appear to be a sensitive probe of the microscopic arrangement of protons at ice surfaces.

Genomic organization of the canine herpesvirus US region.

PubMed

Haanes, E J; Tomlinson, C C

1998-02-01

Canine herpesvirus (CHV) is an alpha-herpesvirus of limited pathogenicity in healthy adult dogs and infectivity of the virus appears to be largely limited to cells of canine origin. CHV's low virulence and species specificity make it an attractive candidate for a recombinant vaccine vector to protect dogs against a variety of pathogens. As part of the analysis of the CHV genome, the authors determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the CHV US region as well as portions of the flanking inverted repeats. Seven full open reading frames (ORFs) encoding proteins larger than 100 amino acids were identified within, or partially within the CHV US: cUS2, cUS3, cUS4, cUS6, cUS7, cUS8 and cUS9; which are homologs of the herpes simplex virus type-1 US2; protein kinase; gG, gD, gI, gE; and US9 genes, respectively. An eighth ORF was identified in the inverted repeat region, cIR6, a homolog of the equine herpesvirus type-1 IR6 gene. The authors identified and mapped most of the major transcripts for the predicted CHV US ORFs by Northern analysis.

Unveiling the Composite Nature of Dust-Obscured Galaxies (DOGs) with Herschel

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Riguccini, Laurie A.; Le Floc'h, Emeric; Mullaney, James

2015-08-01

DOGs are bright 24um-selected sources with extreme obscuration at optical wavelengths. Some of them are characterized by a rising power-law continuum of hot dust (T_D ~ 200-1000 K) in the near-IR emission indicating that their mid-IR luminosity is dominated by an AGN. Whereas DOGs with a fainter 24um flux display a stellar bump and their mid-IR luminosity is believed to be mainly powered by dusty star-formation. Another explanation is that the mid-IR emission still comes from AGN activity but the torus emission is so obscured that it becomes negligible with respect to the emission from the host component.In an effort to characterize the nature of the physical processes underlying their IR emission, we focus on DOGs (F24/FR>982) within the COSMOS field with Herschel data and derive their far-IR properties (e.g., total IR luminosities; mid-to-far IR colors; dust temperatures and masses and AGN contribution) based on SED fitting.Of particular interest are the 24um-bright DOGs (F24>1mJy). They present bluer far-IR/mid-IR colors than the rest of the sample, unveiling the potential presence of an AGN. The AGN contribution to the total 8-1000um flux increases as a function of the rest-frame 8um-luminosity irrespective of the redshift, with a stronger contribution at lower redshift. This confirms that faint DOGs (F24<1mJy) are dominated by star-formation while brighter DOGs show a larger contribution from an AGN.Is this FIR-selection technique allowing us to probe a new population of obscured AGN? Or does it corresponds to already known AGN in the X-rays, NIR or radio? The wealth of multi wavelength data in COSMOS will allow us to describe our results here.

Evaluation of State-of-the-Art High Speed Deluge Systems Presently in Service at Various U.S. Army Ammunition Plants

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-09-01

designed to respond to. No data exists on spectral irradiances in the IR or UV spectral bands where the current detectors operate. A need exists to...appropriate fire/explosion detection spectral bands. Setting a pyrotechnic fire and testing the responses of commercial UV and IR detectors that are designed...PNZ B. DETECTOR BACKGROUND ............... 30 C. UV DETECTORS . . ............ . . . 32 D. IR DETECTORS . . . ......... . . ... 34 E. MACHINE VISION

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VizieR Online Data Catalog: FIR spectra of AGNs from Herschel (Fernandez-Ontiveros+, 2016)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fernandez-Ontiveros, J. A.; Spinoglio, L.; Pereira-Santaella, M.; Malkan, M. A.; Andreani, P.; Dasyra, K. M.

2016-11-01

The combination of Herschel/PACS during its 3.5yr of operational life and Spitzer/IRS allows us to cover the fine-structure emission lines from the mid- to the far-IR (10-200um in the rest-frame) for all the galaxies in the sample. This database was completed with the Herschel/SPIRE published values of the [NII]205um, and [CI]371,609um line fluxes (mainly from Kamenetzky+ 2016ApJ...829...93K). Table 8 collects published mid-IR (10-35um) fine-structure line fluxes measured with Spitzer/IRS for our samples of AGN and starburst galaxies. These values were complemented with unpublished IRS observations from the Spitzer archive. (10 data files).

Modeling the Frequency and Costs Associated with Postsurgical Gastrointestinal Adverse Events for Tapentadol IR versus Oxycodone IR

PubMed Central

Paris, Andrew; Kozma, Chris M.; Chow, Wing; Patel, Anisha M.; Mody, Samir H.; Kim, Myoung S.

2013-01-01

Background Few studies have estimated the economic effect of using an opioid that is associated with lower rates of gastrointestinal (GI) adverse events (AEs) than another opioid for postsurgical pain. Objective To estimate the number of postsurgical GI events and incremental hospital costs, including potential savings, associated with lower GI AE rates, for tapentadol immediate release (IR) versus oxycodone IR, using a literature-based calculator. Methods An electronic spreadsheet–based cost calculator was developed to estimate the total number of GI AEs (ie, nausea, vomiting, or constipation) and incremental costs to a hospital when using tapentadol IR 100 mg versus oxycodone IR 15 mg, in a hypothetical cohort of 1500 hospitalized patients requiring short-acting opioids for postsurgical pain. Data inputs were chosen from recently published, well-designed studies, including GI AE rates from a previously published phase 3 clinical trial of postsurgical patients who received these 2 opioids; GI event–related incremental length of stay from a large US hospital database; drug costs using wholesale acquisition costs in 2011 US dollars; and average hospitalization cost from the 2009 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project database. The base case assumed that 5% (chosen as a conservative estimate) of patients admitted to the hospital would shift from oxycodone IR to tapentadol IR. Results In this hypothetical cohort of 1500 hospitalized patients, replacing 5% of oxycodone IR 15-mg use with tapentadol IR 100-mg use predicted reductions in the total number of GI events from 1095 to 1085, and in the total cost of GI AEs from $2,978,400 to $2,949,840. This cost reduction translates to a net savings of $22,922 after factoring in drug cost. For individual GI events, the net savings were $26,491 for nausea; $12,212 for vomiting; and $7187 for constipation. Conclusion Using tapentadol IR in place of a traditional μ-opioid shows the potential for reduced GI events and subsequent cost-savings in the postsurgical hospital setting. In the absence of sufficient real-world data, this literature-based cost calculator may assist hospital Pharmacy & Therapeutics committees in their evaluation of the costs of opioid-related GI events. PMID:24991383

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Molecular analysis of imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from US service members wounded in Iraq, 2003–2008

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Clonal spread and global dissemination of imipenem resistant (IR) A. baumannii-A. calcoaceticus complex (ABC) have been reported in recent years. However, the epidemiological features of the IR-ABCs in military treatment facilities (MTFs) have not been systematically studied. In this study, 298 ABC...

Spirituality moderates the relationship of psychosocial stress to metabolic risk factors among Afro-Caribbean immigrants in the US Virgin Islands.

PubMed

Tull, Eugene S; Doswell, Willa M; Cort, Malcolm A

2015-03-01

Spirituality may contribute to the health advantage of foreign-born blacks compared to United States (US)-born blacks. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that spirituality attenuates the association of psychosocial stress to stress-associated metabolic risk factors among foreign-born Caribbean blacks living in a US jurisdiction. Data on demographic factors, anthropometric measurements (height, weight and waist), fasting glucose and insulin, lifestyle behaviors (smoking and alcohol use), psychosocial stress and spirituality were collected from a population-based sample of 319 Afro-Caribbean immigrants, ages 20 and older, who were recruited between 1995 and 2000 in the Virgin Islands of the United States (USVI). Glucose and insulin measurements were used to estimate insulin resistance by the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) method. Participants were classified into three levels of spirituality, "low", "medium" and "high" based on the distribution of spirituality scores. Stepwise regression analyses were used to identify the significant predictors of waist circumference and HOMA-IR within each level of spirituality. The predictors of waist circumference and HOMA-IR varied across the levels of spirituality. Psychosocial stress was an independent predictor of waist and HOMA-IR only among participants with a low level of spirituality. Spirituality appears to attenuate the association of psychosocial stress to waist circumference and insulin resistance among Afro-Caribbean immigrants in the USVI.

Cost-effectiveness of adding indoor residual spraying to case management in Afghan refugee settlements in Northwest Pakistan during a prolonged malaria epidemic.

PubMed

Howard, Natasha; Guinness, Lorna; Rowland, Mark; Durrani, Naeem; Hansen, Kristian S

2017-10-01

Financing of malaria control for displaced populations is limited in scope and duration, making cost-effectiveness analyses relevant but difficult. This study analyses cost-effectiveness of adding prevention through targeted indoor residual spraying (IRS) to case management in Afghan refugee settlements in Pakistan during a prolonged malaria epidemic. An intervention study design was selected, taking a societal perspective. Provider and household costs of vector control and case management were collected from provider records and community survey. Health outcomes (e.g. cases and DALYs averted) were derived and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) for cases prevented and DALYs averted calculated. Population, treatment cost, women's time, days of productivity lost, case fatality rate, cases prevented, and DALY assumptions were tested in sensitivity analysis. Malaria incidence peaked at 44/1,000 population in year 2, declining to 14/1,000 in year 5. In total, 370,000 malaria cases, 80% vivax, were diagnosed and treated and an estimated 67,988 vivax cases and 18,578 falciparum and mixed cases prevented. Mean annual programme cost per capita was US$0.56. The additional cost of including IRS over five years per case prevented was US$39; US$50 for vivax (US$43 in years 1-3, US$80 in years 4-5) and US$182 for falciparum (US$139 in years 1-3 and US$680 in years 4-5). Per DALY averted this was US$266 (US$220 in years 1-3 and US$486 in years 4-5) and thus 'highly cost-effective' or cost-effective using WHO and comparison thresholds. Adding IRS was cost-effective in this moderate endemicity, low mortality setting. It was more cost-effective when transmission was highest, becoming less so as transmission reduced. Because vivax was three times more common than falciparum and the case fatality rate was low, cost-effectiveness estimations for cases prevented appear reliable and more definitive for vivax malaria.

Biological effects and medical applications of infrared radiation

PubMed Central

Tsai, Shang-Ru; Hamblin, Michael R

2017-01-01

Infrared (IR) radiation is electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths between 760 nm and 100,000 nm. Low-level light therapy (LLLT) or photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy generally employs light at red and near-infrared wavelengths (600–100 nm) to modulate biological activity. Many factors, conditions, and parameters influence the therapeutic effects of IR, including fluence, irradiance, treatment timing and repetition, pulsing, and wavelength. Increasing evidence suggests that IR can carry out photostimulation and photobiomodulation effects particularly benefiting neural stimulation, wound healing, and cancer treatment. Nerve cells respond particularly well to IR, which has been proposed for a range of neurostimulation and neuromodulation applications, and recent progress in neural stimulation and regeneration are discussed in this review. The applications of IR therapy have moved on rapidly in recent years. For example, IR therapy has been developed that does not actually require an external power source, such as IR-emitting materials, and garments that can be powered by body heat alone. Another area of interest is the possible involvement of solar IR radiation in photoaging or photorejuvenation as opposites sides of the coin, and whether sunscreens should protect against solar IR? A better understanding of new developments and biological implications of IR could help us to improve therapeutic effectiveness or develop new methods of PBM using IR wavelengths. PMID:28441605

Biological effects and medical applications of infrared radiation.

PubMed

Tsai, Shang-Ru; Hamblin, Michael R

2017-05-01

Infrared (IR) radiation is electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths between 760nm and 100,000nm. Low-level light therapy (LLLT) or photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy generally employs light at red and near-infrared wavelengths (600-100nm) to modulate biological activity. Many factors, conditions, and parameters influence the therapeutic effects of IR, including fluence, irradiance, treatment timing and repetition, pulsing, and wavelength. Increasing evidence suggests that IR can carry out photostimulation and photobiomodulation effects particularly benefiting neural stimulation, wound healing, and cancer treatment. Nerve cells respond particularly well to IR, which has been proposed for a range of neurostimulation and neuromodulation applications, and recent progress in neural stimulation and regeneration are discussed in this review. The applications of IR therapy have moved on rapidly in recent years. For example, IR therapy has been developed that does not actually require an external power source, such as IR-emitting materials, and garments that can be powered by body heat alone. Another area of interest is the possible involvement of solar IR radiation in photoaging or photorejuvenation as opposites sides of the coin, and whether sunscreens should protect against solar IR? A better understanding of new developments and biological implications of IR could help us to improve therapeutic effectiveness or develop new methods of PBM using IR wavelengths. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Properties of an equine herpesvirus 1 mutant devoid of the internal inverted repeat sequence of the genomic short region

PubMed Central

Ahn, ByungChul; Zhang, Yunfei; Osterrieder, Nikolaus; O'Callaghan, Dennis J.

2010-01-01

The 150 kbp genome of equine herpesvirus -1 (EHV-1) is composed of a unique long (UL) region and a unique short (Us) segment, which is flanked by identical internal and terminal repeat (IR and TR) sequences of 12.7kbp. We constructed an EHV-1 lacking the entire IR (vL11ΔIR) and showed that the IR is dispensable for EHV-1 replication but that the vL11ΔIR exhibits a smaller plaque size and delayed growth kinetics. Western blot analyses of cells infected with vL11ΔIR showed that the synthesis of viral proteins encoded by the immediate-early, early, and late genes was reduced at immediate-early and early times, but by late stages of replication reached wild type levels. Intranasal infection of CBA mice revealed that the vL11ΔIR was significantly attenuated as mice infected with the vL11ΔIR showed a reduced lung viral titer and greater ability to survive infection compared to mice infected with parental or revertant virus. PMID:21176938

Introducing the thyroid gland as another victim of the insulin resistance syndrome.

PubMed

Rezzonico, Jorge; Rezzonico, Mariana; Pusiol, Eduardo; Pitoia, Fabián; Niepomniszcze, Hugo

2008-04-01

Insulin is a thyroid growth factor that stimulates proliferation of thyroid cells in culture. In order to evaluate the effects of insulin resistance (IR) on the thyroid gland, we developed a prospective study in euthyroid women. One hundred eleven women (mean age 32.2 +/- 7 years) were evaluated by a thyroid ultrasound (US) and basal and postprandial serum insulin. Subjects were divided into four groups as follows: G1 (n = 42), subjects with IR and obesity; G2 (n = 21), subjects with obesity without IR; G3 (n = 17), subjects with IR and normal weight; and G4 (n = 31) control group (without IR and obesity). The thyroid volume (TV), measured by US, showed the following values: G1, 17 +/- 3 mL; G2, 13.8 +/- 2.8 mL; G3, 16.2 +/- 2.1 mL; and G4,12.1 +/- 2.4 mL. There was no significant difference in TV between G1 and G3, but differences between G1 and G2, and between G3 and G4 were significant at p < 0.05. The percentage of nodular thyroid glands observed by US in each group was as follows: G1, 50%; G2, 23.8%; G3, 61%; G4, 16.1%. Again, the differences between G1 and G2 and between G3 and G4 were statistically significant (p < 0.005 and p < 0.001, respectively, for each comparison). It is concluded that the higher circulating levels of insulin cause increased thyroid proliferation. The clinical manifestations are the larger thyroid volume and the formation of nodules. Thus, the thyroid gland appears to be another victim of the insulin resistance syndrome.

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Molecular characteristics of Multidrug Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates from US soldiers from Iraq at the National Naval Medical Center

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Background: Infections with A. baumannii-calcoaceticus complex (ABC) have complicated the care of combat casualties, and the spread and global dissemination of imipenem resistant (IR) clones of ABC have been reported in recent years. However, the epidemiological features of the IR-ABCs in military t...

Discovery of an Extremely Luminous Dust-obscured Galaxy Observed with SDSS, WISE, JCMT, and SMA

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Toba, Yoshiki; Ueda, Junko; Lim, Chen-Fatt; Wang, Wei-Hao; Nagao, Tohru; Chang, Yu-Yen; Saito, Toshiki; Kawabe, Ryohei

2018-04-01

We present the discovery of an extremely luminous dust-obscured galaxy (DOG) at z spec = 3.703, WISE J101326.25+611220.1. This DOG is selected as a candidate of extremely luminous infrared (IR) galaxies based on the photometry from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer. In order to derive its accurate IR luminosity, we perform follow-up observations at 450 and 850 μm using the Submillimetre Common User Bolometer Array 2 on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope, and at 870 and 1300 μm using the Submillimeter Array, which enable us to pin down its IR Spectral Energy Distribution (SED). We perform SED fitting using 14 photometric data (0.4–1300 μm) and estimate its IR luminosity, L IR (8–1000 μm), to be {2.2}-1.0+1.5 ×1014 L ⊙, making it one of the most luminous IR galaxies in the universe. The energy contribution from an active galactic nucleus (AGN) to the IR luminosity is {94}-20+6%, which indicates that it is an AGN-dominated DOG. On the other hand, its stellar mass (M *) and star formation rate (SFR) are {log}({M}* /{M}ȯ ) = {11.2}-0.2+0.6 and {log}({SFR}/{M}ȯ {yr}}-1) = {3.1}-0.1+0.2, respectively, which means that this DOG can be considered a starburst galaxy in the M *–SFR plane. This extremely luminous DOG shows significant AGN and star-forming activity that provides us with an important laboratory to probe the maximum phase of the coevolution of galaxies and supermassive black holes.

Analysis Of Pulmonary Tissue Of Natural Mummy Of XIII Century (Saint Zita, Lucca-Tuscany) By Means Of FT-IR Microspectroscopy.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Benedetti, Enzo; Vergamini, Piergiorgio; Fornaciari, Gino; Spremolla, Giuliano

1989-12-01

During a recognition carried out by one of us on the S.Zita's body, preserved for seven hundred years in the S.Frediano's Basilica (Lucca, Tuscany-Italy) it has been possible to verify the good condition of many orgains and systems. In this comunication we report preliminary results of an analysis of the pulmonary tissue which to the histologic examination showed a typical aspect. It was observed the presence of a massive anthracosis. In order to obtain indication, at molecular level, FT-IR microspectroscopy measurements were carried out. The infrared spectra relative to different microareas allowed us to evidence regions of tissue decomposed, and others in which the infrared spectra showed absorptions characteristic of proteic components at 1650 cm-1 and 1540 cm-1 ascribed to the Amide I and Amide II vibrations respectively. In the 1350-950 cm-1 range bands due to nucleic acids were detected. Also in the CH stretching region bands due to methyl and methylene groups were observed, likely due to the presence of paraffinic segments of phospholipids of cellular membranes. Previous FT-IR studies carried out by us on biological systems such as normal and leukemic lymphocytes (1), on lymphoblast (2), and recently on cells isolated from neoplastic pulmonary tissues (3), represent a basis which allows us to perform a sufficiently complete assignment on the spectra obtained on this finding. These spectra are surprisingly very similar to those obtained by us on human lung tissue from surgical specimens. As far as we know, FT-IR microspectroscopy, which was first employed by our group in the study of human neoplasia at level of single cell (4) has been applied in the analysis of ancient pulmonary tissue, certainly not submitted to any conservative treatment. This kind of approach can open up new possibilities in obtaining indication, at molecular level, on findings of paleophanthology of different origin and age.

Optical/IR from ground

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Strom, Stephen; Sargent, Wallace L. W.; Wolff, Sidney; Ahearn, Michael F.; Angel, J. Roger; Beckwith, Steven V. W.; Carney, Bruce W.; Conti, Peter S.; Edwards, Suzan; Grasdalen, Gary

1991-01-01

Optical/infrared (O/IR) astronomy in the 1990's is reviewed. The following subject areas are included: research environment; science opportunities; technical development of the 1980's and opportunities for the 1990's; and ground-based O/IR astronomy outside the U.S. Recommendations are presented for: (1) large scale programs (Priority 1: a coordinated program for large O/IR telescopes); (2) medium scale programs (Priority 1: a coordinated program for high angular resolution; Priority 2: a new generation of 4-m class telescopes); (3) small scale programs (Priority 1: near-IR and optical all-sky surveys; Priority 2: a National Astrometric Facility); and (4) infrastructure issues (develop, purchase, and distribute optical CCDs and infrared arrays; a program to support large optics technology; a new generation of large filled aperture telescopes; a program to archive and disseminate astronomical databases; and a program for training new instrumentalists)

Seismoelectric field measurements in unconsolidated sediments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rabbel, Wolfgang; Iwanowski-Strahser, Katja; Strahser, Matthias; Dzieran, Laura; Thorwart, Martin

2017-04-01

Seismoelectric (SE) prospecting has the potential of determining hydraulic permeability in situ. However, the SE response of geological interfaces (IR) is influenced also by porosity, saturation and salinity. We present examples of SE surveys of near-surface unconsolidated sediments showing clear IR arrivals from the shallow groundwater table and laterally consistent IR arrivals from interfaces inside the vadoze zone. Theses measurements are complemented by seismic, GPR and geoelectric surveys for constraining bulk porosity, water saturation and salinity. They show that porosity and water content change at the interfaces generating IR arrivals. The combination of these methods enables us to estimate permeability contrast associated with major IR arrivals via numerical modeling of SE waveform amplitudes. In case of the analyzed field example this contrast is estimated to be of the order of 10 within the vadoze zone and of 100 at the aquifer-aquitard interface.

Spirituality moderates the relationship of psychosocial stress to metabolic risk factors among Afro-Caribbean immigrants in the US Virgin Islands

PubMed Central

Tull, Eugene S.; Doswell, Willa M.; Cort, Malcolm A.

2014-01-01

Objective Spirituality may contribute to the health advantage of foreign-born blacks compared to United States (US)-born blacks. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that spirituality attenuates the association of psychosocial stress to stress-associated metabolic risk factors among foreign-born Caribbean blacks living in a US jurisdiction. Methods Data on demographic factors, anthropometric measurements (height, weight and waist), fasting glucose and insulin, lifestyle behaviors (smoking and alcohol use), psychosocial stress and spirituality were collected from a population-based sample of 319 Afro-Caribbean immigrants, ages 20 and older, who were recruited between 1995 and 2000 in the Virgin Islands of the United States (USVI). Glucose and insulin measurements were used to estimate insulin resistance by the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) method. Participants were classified into three levels of spirituality, “low”, “medium” and “high” based on the distribution of spirituality scores. Stepwise regression analyses were used to identify the significant predictors of waist circumference and HOMA-IR within each level of spirituality. Results The predictors of waist circumference and HOMA-IR varied across the levels of spirituality. Psychosocial stress was an independent predictor of waist and HOMA-IR only among participants with a low level of spirituality. Conclusion Spirituality appears to attenuate the association of psychosocial stress to waist circumference and insulin resistance among Afro-Caribbean immigrants in the USVI. PMID:25745593

Multi-Sensor Fusion of Infrared and Electro-Optic Signals for High Resolution Night Images

PubMed Central

Huang, Xiaopeng; Netravali, Ravi; Man, Hong; Lawrence, Victor

2012-01-01

Electro-optic (EO) image sensors exhibit the properties of high resolution and low noise level at daytime, but they do not work in dark environments. Infrared (IR) image sensors exhibit poor resolution and cannot separate objects with similar temperature. Therefore, we propose a novel framework of IR image enhancement based on the information (e.g., edge) from EO images, which improves the resolution of IR images and helps us distinguish objects at night. Our framework superimposing/blending the edges of the EO image onto the corresponding transformed IR image improves their resolution. In this framework, we adopt the theoretical point spread function (PSF) proposed by Hardie et al. for the IR image, which has the modulation transfer function (MTF) of a uniform detector array and the incoherent optical transfer function (OTF) of diffraction-limited optics. In addition, we design an inverse filter for the proposed PSF and use it for the IR image transformation. The framework requires four main steps: (1) inverse filter-based IR image transformation; (2) EO image edge detection; (3) registration; and (4) blending/superimposing of the obtained image pair. Simulation results show both blended and superimposed IR images, and demonstrate that blended IR images have better quality over the superimposed images. Additionally, based on the same steps, simulation result shows a blended IR image of better quality when only the original IR image is available. PMID:23112602

Multi-sensor fusion of infrared and electro-optic signals for high resolution night images.

PubMed

Huang, Xiaopeng; Netravali, Ravi; Man, Hong; Lawrence, Victor

2012-01-01

Electro-optic (EO) image sensors exhibit the properties of high resolution and low noise level at daytime, but they do not work in dark environments. Infrared (IR) image sensors exhibit poor resolution and cannot separate objects with similar temperature. Therefore, we propose a novel framework of IR image enhancement based on the information (e.g., edge) from EO images, which improves the resolution of IR images and helps us distinguish objects at night. Our framework superimposing/blending the edges of the EO image onto the corresponding transformed IR image improves their resolution. In this framework, we adopt the theoretical point spread function (PSF) proposed by Hardie et al. for the IR image, which has the modulation transfer function (MTF) of a uniform detector array and the incoherent optical transfer function (OTF) of diffraction-limited optics. In addition, we design an inverse filter for the proposed PSF and use it for the IR image transformation. The framework requires four main steps: (1) inverse filter-based IR image transformation; (2) EO image edge detection; (3) registration; and (4) blending/superimposing of the obtained image pair. Simulation results show both blended and superimposed IR images, and demonstrate that blended IR images have better quality over the superimposed images. Additionally, based on the same steps, simulation result shows a blended IR image of better quality when only the original IR image is available.

78 FR 58605 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request for Form 8453-EMP, Form 8453-F, Form 8453-FE, Form 8879-F...

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Computational Design of Tunable UV-Vis-IR Filters Based on Silver Nanoparticle Arrays

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Waters, Michael; Shi, Guangsha; Kioupakis, Emmanouil

We propose design strategies to develop selective optical filters in the UV-Vis-IR spectrum using the surface plasmon response of silver nanoparticle arrays. Our finite-difference time-domain simulations allow us to rapidly evaluate many nanostructures comprising simple geometries while varying their shape, height, width, and spacing. Our results allow us to identify trends in the filtering spectra as well as the relative amount of absorption and reflection. Optical filtering with nanoparticles is applicable to any transparent substrate and can be easily adapted to existing manufacturing processes while keeping the total cost of materials low. This work was supported by Guardian Industries Corp.

Broadband near-field infrared spectromicroscopy using photothermal probes and synchrotron radiation.

PubMed

Donaldson, Paul M; Kelley, Chris S; Frogley, Mark D; Filik, Jacob; Wehbe, Katia; Cinque, Gianfelice

2016-02-08

In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate the use of infrared synchrotron radiation (IR-SR) as a broadband source for photothermal near-field infrared spectroscopy. We assess two methods of signal transduction; cantilever resonant thermal expansion and scanning thermal microscopy. By means of rapid mechanical chopping (50-150 kHz), we modulate the IR-SR at rates matching the contact resonance frequencies of atomic force microscope (AFM) cantilevers, allowing us to record interferograms yielding Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) photothermal absorption spectra of polystyrene and cyanoacrylate films. Complementary offline measurements using a mechanically chopped CW IR laser confirmed that the resonant thermal expansion IR-SR measurements were below the diffraction limit, with a spatial resolution better than 500 nm achieved at a wavelength of 6 μm, i.e. λ/12 for the samples studied. Despite achieving the highest signal to noise so far for a scanning thermal microscopy measurement under conditions approaching near-field (dictated by thermal diffusion), the IR-SR resonant photothermal expansion FT-IR spectra measured were significantly higher in signal to noise in comparison with the scanning thermal data.

Variant ionotropic glutamate receptors as chemosensory receptors in Drosophila

PubMed Central

Benton, Richard; Vannice, Kirsten S.; Gomez-Diaz, Carolina; Vosshall, Leslie B.

2009-01-01

Summary Ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) mediate neuronal communication at synapses throughout vertebrate and invertebrate nervous systems. We have characterized a novel family of iGluR-related genes in Drosophila, which we name Ionotropic Receptors (IRs). These receptors do not belong to the well-described Kainate, AMPA, or NMDA classes of iGluRs, and have divergent ligand-binding domains that lack their characteristic glutamate-interacting residues. IRs are expressed in a combinatorial fashion in sensory neurons that respond to many distinct odors but do not express either insect odorant receptors (ORs) or gustatory receptors (GRs). IR proteins accumulate in sensory dendrites and not at synapses. Mis-expression of IRs induces novel odor responses in ectopic neurons. Together, these results lead us to propose that the IRs comprise a novel family of chemosensory receptors. Conservation of IR/iGluR-related proteins in bacteria, plants, and animals suggests that this receptor family represents an evolutionarily ancient mechanism for sensing both internal and external chemical cues. PMID:19135896

Tunable optical coherence tomography in the infrared range using visible photons

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Paterova, Anna V.; Yang, Hongzhi; An, Chengwu; Kalashnikov, Dmitry A.; Krivitsky, Leonid A.

2018-04-01

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an appealing technique for bio-imaging, medicine, and material analysis. For many applications, OCT in mid- and far-infrared (IR) leads to significantly more accurate results. Reported mid-IR OCT systems require light sources and photodetectors which operate in mid-IR range. These devices are expensive and need cryogenic cooling. Here, we report a proof-of-concept demonstration of a wavelength tunable IR OCT technique with detection of only visible range photons. Our method is based on the nonlinear interference of frequency correlated photon pairs. The nonlinear crystal, introduced in the Michelson-type interferometer, generates photon pairs with one photon in the visible and another in the IR range. The intensity of detected visible photons depends on the phase and loss of IR photons, which interact with the sample under study. This enables us to characterize sample properties and perform imaging in the IR range by detecting visible photons. The technique possesses broad wavelength tunability and yields a fair axial and lateral resolution, which can be tailored to the specific application. The work contributes to the development of versatile 3D imaging and material characterization systems working in a broad range of IR wavelengths, which do not require the use of IR-range light sources and photodetectors.

Ultrasound-Stimulated Drug Delivery Using Therapeutic Reconstituted High-Density Lipoprotein Nanoparticles.

PubMed

Xiong, Fangyuan; Nirupama, Sabnis; Sirsi, Shashank R; Lacko, Andras; Hoyt, Kenneth

2017-01-01

The abnormal tumor vasculature and the resulting abnormal microenvironment are major barriers to optimal chemotherapeutic drug delivery. It is well known that ultrasound (US) can increase the permeability of the tumor vessel walls and enhance the accumulation of anticancer agents. Reconstituted high-density lipoproteins (rHDL) nanoparticles (NPs) allow selective delivery of anticancer agents to tumor cells via their overexpressed scavenger receptor type B1 (SR-B1) receptor. The goal of this study is to investigate the potential of noninvasive US therapy to further improve delivery and tumor uptake of the payload from rHDL NPs, preloaded with an infrared dye (IR-780), aimed to establish a surrogate chemotherapeutic model with optical localization. Athymic nude mice were implanted orthotopically with one million breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231/Luc). Three weeks later, animals were divided into seven groups with comparable mean tumor size: control, low, moderate, and high concentration of rHDL NPs alone groups, as well as these three levels of rHDL NPs plus US therapy groups ( N = 7 to 12 animals per group), where low, moderate and high denote 5, 10, and 50 µg of the IR-780 dye payload per rHDL NP injection, respectively. The US therapy system included a single element focused transducer connected in series with a function generator and power amplifier. A custom 3D printed cone with an acoustically transparent aperture and filled with degassed water allowed delivery of focused US energy to the tumor tissue. US exposure involved a pulsed sequence applied for a duration of 5 min. Each animal in the US therapy groups received a slow bolus co-injection of MB contrast agent and rHDL NPs. Animals were imaged using a whole-body optical system to quantify intratumoral rHDL NP accumulation at baseline and again at 1 min, 30 min, 24 h, and 48 h. At 48 h, all animals were euthanized and tumors were excised for ex vivo analysis. We investigated a noninvasive optical imaging method for monitoring the effects of US-stimulated drug delivery of IR-780 dye-loaded rHDL NPs in living animals. No change in optical imaging data was found in the control animals. However, there was considerable dye accumulation (surrogate drug) within 48 h in the low (5 µg), moderate (10 µg), and high (50 µg) rHDL NP concentration-dosed group animals ( p < 0.09). With US therapy added to the experimental protocol, there was an additional and significant increase in local tumor drug uptake at 48 h ( p < 0.02). Optical image data collected from ex vivo tumor samples confirmed tumor retention of the IR-780 dye-loaded rHDL NPs and correlated positively with in vivo optical imaging results ( R 2 > 0.69, p < 0.003). IR-780 dye extraction from the tumor tissue samples confirmed the in vivo and ex vivo US therapy findings. Overall, the addition of US therapy considerably improved local rHDL NP accumulation in tumor tissue. This study concludes that US-mediated drug delivery can facilitate tumor uptake of rHDL NPs and more research is warranted to optimize the drug dosing schedule and the respective therapeutic protocols.

Cost-effectiveness of adding indoor residual spraying to case management in Afghan refugee settlements in Northwest Pakistan during a prolonged malaria epidemic

PubMed Central

Guinness, Lorna; Rowland, Mark; Durrani, Naeem; Hansen, Kristian S.

2017-01-01

Introduction Financing of malaria control for displaced populations is limited in scope and duration, making cost-effectiveness analyses relevant but difficult. This study analyses cost-effectiveness of adding prevention through targeted indoor residual spraying (IRS) to case management in Afghan refugee settlements in Pakistan during a prolonged malaria epidemic. Methods/Findings An intervention study design was selected, taking a societal perspective. Provider and household costs of vector control and case management were collected from provider records and community survey. Health outcomes (e.g. cases and DALYs averted) were derived and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) for cases prevented and DALYs averted calculated. Population, treatment cost, women’s time, days of productivity lost, case fatality rate, cases prevented, and DALY assumptions were tested in sensitivity analysis. Malaria incidence peaked at 44/1,000 population in year 2, declining to 14/1,000 in year 5. In total, 370,000 malaria cases, 80% vivax, were diagnosed and treated and an estimated 67,988 vivax cases and 18,578 falciparum and mixed cases prevented. Mean annual programme cost per capita was US$0.56. The additional cost of including IRS over five years per case prevented was US$39; US$50 for vivax (US$43 in years 1–3, US$80 in years 4–5) and US$182 for falciparum (US$139 in years 1–3 and US$680 in years 4–5). Per DALY averted this was US$266 (US$220 in years 1–3 and US$486 in years 4–5) and thus ‘highly cost-effective’ or cost-effective using WHO and comparison thresholds. Conclusions Adding IRS was cost-effective in this moderate endemicity, low mortality setting. It was more cost-effective when transmission was highest, becoming less so as transmission reduced. Because vivax was three times more common than falciparum and the case fatality rate was low, cost-effectiveness estimations for cases prevented appear reliable and more definitive for vivax malaria. PMID:29059179

Ultrafast Dynamics of Energetic Materials

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-01-23

redistributed in condensed-phase materials. In this subproject we developed a technique termed three-dimensional IR- Raman spectroscopy that allowed us to...Fang, 2011, “The distribution of local enhancement factors in surface enhanced Raman -active substrates and the vibrational dynamics in the liquid phase...3. (invited) “Vibrational energy and molecular thermometers in liquids: Ultrafast IR- Raman spectroscopy”, Brandt C. Pein and Dana D. Dlott, To

USNO Image and Catalog Archive Server - Naval Oceanography Portal

Science.gov Websites

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U.S. Army Research Laboratory Annual Review 2011

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-12-01

pioneered a defect reduction process using thermal cycle annealing (TCA) for improving mercury cadmium telluride ( MCT ) grown on scalable silicon (Si...substrates. Currently, the use of MCT -- a mainstay material for Army infrared (IR) systems -- is limited due to high levels of dislocations when...grown on scalable substrates such as Si (an inexpensive substrate material). These dislocations increase pixel noise and limit IR focal plane array

MEMS-based IR-sources

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Weise, Sebastian; Steinbach, Bastian; Biermann, Steffen

2016-03-01

The series JSIR350 sources are MEMS based infrared emitters. These IR sources are characterized by a high radiation output. Thus, they are excellent for NDIR gas analysis and are ideally suited for using with our pyro-electric or thermopile detectors. The MEMS chips used in Micro-Hybrid's infrared emitters consist of nano-amorphous carbon (NAC). The MEMS chips are produced in the USA. All Micro-Hybrid Emitter are designed and specified to operate up to 850°C. The improvements we have made in the source's packaging enable us to provide IR sources with the best performance on the market. This new technology enables us to seal the housings of infrared radiation sources with soldered infrared filters or windows and thus cause the parts to be impenetrable to gases. Micro-Hybrid provide various ways of adapting our MEMS based infrared emitter JSIR350 to customer specifications, like specific burn-in parameters/characteristic, different industrial standard housings, producible with customized cap, reflector or pin-out.

193Ir Mössbauer spectroscopy of Pt-IrO 2 nanoparticle catalysts developed for detection and removal of carbon monoxide from air

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sawicki, J. A.; Marcinkowska, K.; Wagner, F. E.

2010-08-01

Mössbauer spectroscopy of 73.0 keV gamma-ray transition in 193Ir and supplementary analytical techniques were used to study the microstructure and chemical form of polymer-supported hydrophobic bimetallic Pt-Ir catalysts for detection and removal of CO from humid air at ambient conditions. The catalysts, typically with a composition of 9 wt.% Pt and 1 wt.% Ir, were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation of polystyrene-divinylbenzene (SDB) granules with ethanol solutions of hexachloroplatinic and hexachloroiridic acids. This procedure, followed by reduction in H 2 or CO at only 200 °C or 250 °C, resulted in formation of highly-dispersed Pt-Ir particles usually smaller than 20 nm and having high catalytic activity and selectivity. Mössbauer spectra of 73.0 keV gamma-ray transition in 193Ir were taken after consecutive steps of preparation and exposure of catalysts to better understand and further improve the fabrication processes. In the as-impregnated state, iridium was found mostly as Ir(III) in [IrCl 6] 3- ions, with only a small fraction of Ir(IV) in [IrCl 6] 2- ions. The iridium in bimetallic clusters formed by reduction in hydrogen showed a strong tendency towards oxidation on exposure to air at room temperature, while Pt remained mostly metallic. In the most active and stable catalysts, the Ir and Pt in metallic regions of the clusters did not tend to segregate, unlike in Pt-Ir/silica-supported catalysts studied by us earlier. Further, this study shows that the IrO 2-like regions in the clusters exhibit stronger deviations from local symmetry and stoichiometry of crystalline IrO 2 than observed previously in Pt-Ir/silica catalysts. Our study also indicates that in the examined Pt-IrO 2 nanoparticles iridium largely provides the dissociative O 2 adsorption sites, while the CO adsorption occurs primarily at metallic Pt sites.

Improving the cost-effectiveness of IRS with climate informed health surveillance systems

PubMed Central

Worrall, Eve; Connor, Stephen J; Thomson, Madeleine C

2008-01-01

Background This paper examines how the cost-effectiveness of IRS varies depending on the severity of transmission and level of programme coverage and how efficiency could be improved by incorporating climate information into decision making for malaria control programmes as part of an integrated Malaria Early Warning and Response System (MEWS). Methods A climate driven model of malaria transmission was used to simulate cost-effectiveness of alternative IRS coverage levels over six epidemic and non-epidemic years. Decision rules for a potential MEWS system that triggers different IRS coverage are described. The average and marginal cost per case averted with baseline IRS coverage (24%) and under varying IRS coverage levels (50%, 75% and 100%) were calculated. Results Average cost-effectiveness of 24% coverage varies dramatically between years, from US$108 per case prevented in low transmission to US$0.42 in epidemic years. Similarly for higher coverage (24–100%) cost per case prevented is far higher in low than high transmission years ($108–$267 to $0.88–$2.26). Discussion Efficiency and health benefit gains could be achieved by implementing MEWS that provides timely, accurate information. Evidence from southern Africa, (especially Botswana) supports this. Conclusion Advance knowledge of transmission severity can help managers make coverage decisions which optimise resource use and exploit efficiency gains if a fully integrated MEWS is in place alongside a health system with sufficient flexibility to modify control plans in response to information. More countries and programmes should be supported to use the best available evidence and science to integrate climate informed MEWS into decision making within malaria control programmes. PMID:19108723

Double-Resonance Facilitated Decomposion of Emission Spectra

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kato, Ryota; Ishikawa, Haruki

2016-06-01

Emission spectra provide us with rich information about the excited-state processes such as proton-transfer, charge-transfer and so on. In the cases that more than one excited states are involved, emission spectra from different excited states sometimes overlap and a decomposition of the overlapped spectra is desired. One of the methods to perform a decomposition is a time-resolved fluorescence technique. It uses a difference in time evolutions of components involved. However, in the gas-phase, a concentration of the sample is frequently too small to carry out this method. On the other hand, double-resonance technique is a very powerful tool to discriminate or identify a common species in the spectra in the gas-phase. Thus, in the present study, we applied the double-resonance technique to resolve the overlapped emission spectra. When transient IR absorption spectra of the excited state are available, we can label the population of the certain species by the IR excitation with a proper selection of the IR wavenumbers. Thus, we can obtain the emission spectra of labeled species by subtracting the emission spectra with IR labeling from that without IR. In the present study, we chose the charge-transfer emission spectra of cyanophenyldisilane (CPDS) as a test system. One of us reported that two charge-transfer (CT) states are involved in the intramolecular charge-transfer (ICT) process of CPDS-water cluster and recorded the transient IR spectra. As expected, we have succeeded in resolving the CT emission spectra of CPDS-water cluster by the double resonance facilitated decomposion technique. In the present paper, we will report the details of the experimental scheme and the results of the decomposition of the emission spectra. H. Ishikawa, et al., Chem. Phys. Phys. Chem., 9, 117 (2007).

Serum Antioxidant Concentrations and Metabolic Syndrome Are Associated among U.S. Adolescents in Recent National Surveys123

PubMed Central

Beydoun, May A.; Canas, J. Atilio; Beydoun, Hind A.; Chen, Xiaoli; Shroff, Monal R.; Zonderman, Alan B.

2012-01-01

Specific micronutrients, including retinol, retinyl esters, carotenoids [α-carotene, β-carotene (cis+trans), β-cryptoxanthin, lutein+zeaxanthin, and total lycopene], vitamin E, and vitamin C have antiinflammatory and antioxidant effects, properties shown to reduce oxidative stress, a process that accompanies the pathogenesis of many chronic diseases. It is still largely unknown whether they are associated with the occurrence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the adolescent U.S. population. MetS was defined by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. Other non-MetS outcomes relying on blood measurements were elevated HOMA-IR, C-reactive protein (CRP), and hyperuricemia. We tested associations between serum antioxidants and MetS outcomes among adolescents aged 12–19 y using cross-sectional data from NHANES 2001–2006 (n = 782–4285). IDF MetS prevalence was estimated at 7% among boys and 3% among girls. In adjusted models, adolescents with MetS had consistently lower carotenoid concentrations compared with their counterparts without MetS. Total carotenoids were also inversely related to HOMA-IR and CRP. Vitamin C was inversely related to uric acid level and MetS binary outcome. Retinol+retinyl esters exhibited an inverse relationship with CRP and a positive relationship with uric acid and HOMA-IR as well as MetS binary outcome. Vitamin E had no association with MetS, particularly after controlling for serum cholesterol and TG. In conclusion, among U.S. adolescents, serum carotenoid concentrations were inversely associated with MetS status, HOMA-IR, and CRP, whereas serum vitamin C was inversely related to MetS status and serum uric acid. Vitamin E had no consistent association with MetS, whereas retinol+retinyl esters had a positive relationship with HOMA-IR, uric acid, and MetS, while being inversely related to CRP. These associations need further study. PMID:22810988

Annual incidence rates of herpes zoster among an immunocompetent population in the United States.

PubMed

Johnson, Barbara H; Palmer, Liisa; Gatwood, Justin; Lenhart, Gregory; Kawai, Kosuke; Acosta, Camilo J

2015-11-06

Herpes zoster (HZ), also known as shingles, is a painful and commonly occurring condition in the United States. In spite of a universally recommended vaccine for use in immunocompetent adults aged 60 years and older, HZ continues to impact the American public, and a better understanding of its current incidence is needed. The objective of the current study is to estimate the overall and age- and gender-specific incidence rates (IRs) of HZ among an immunocompetent US population in 2011 following availability of a vaccine. Claims data from the Truven Health MarketScan® Research databases between 01/01/2011 and 12/31/2011 were extracted. Immunocompetent adult patients, enrolled as of January 1, 2011 were analyzed. The denominator was defined as eligible subjects who were immunocompetent, had no evidence of zoster vaccination, and no diagnosis of HZ (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification diagnosis code 053.xx) in the 90 days prior to January 1, 2011. Subjects contributed person-days to the denominator until the occurrence of one of the following events: end of continuous enrollment in the database, a claim for zoster vaccination, diagnosis of HZ or end of the observation period (December 31, 2011). The numerator was defined as enrollees within the denominator file exhibiting evidence of HZ. Annual IRs were calculated for the entire population in the database as well as by gender and age group; standardized IRs were also produced using the 2010 US Census data. The overall annual IR of HZ across all ages was 4.47 per 1000 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.44-4.50) which monotonically increased with age from 0.86 (95% CI: 0.84-0.88) for those aged ≤ 19 to 12.78 (95% CI: 12.49-13.07) for patients ≥ 80 years. The IR was 8.46 (95% CI: 8.39-8.52) among adults ≥ 50 years and 10.46 (95% CI: 10.35-10.56) among those aged ≥ 60 years. Women compared to men had higher HZ incidence (5.25, 95% CI: 5.21-5.29 vs. 3.66, 95% CI: 3.62-3.69) and this was seen across all age groups. When adjusted for age and gender using 2010 US Census data, the annual IR was 4.63 per 1000 person-years (95% CI: 4.61-4.66). Despite the availability of a vaccine, HZ remains common among immunocompetent adults in the US with incidence rates of HZ observed to increase with age and be higher in women than men.

Passive IR polarization sensors: a new technology for mine detection

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Barbour, Blair A.; Jones, Michael W.; Barnes, Howard B.; Lewis, Charles P.

1998-09-01

The problem of mine and minefield detection continues to provide a significant challenge to sensor systems. Although the various sensor technologies (infrared, ground penetrating radar, etc.) may excel in certain situations there does not exist a single sensor technology that can adequately detect mines in all conditions such as time of day, weather, buried or surface laid, etc. A truly robust mine detection system will likely require the fusion of data from multiple sensor technologies. The performance of these systems, however, will ultimately depend on the performance of the individual sensors. Infrared (IR) polarimetry is a new and innovative sensor technology that adds substantial capabilities to the detection of mines. IR polarimetry improves on basic IR imaging by providing improved spatial resolution of the target, an inherent ability to suppress clutter, and the capability for zero (Delta) T imaging. Nichols Research Corporation (Nichols) is currently evaluating the effectiveness of IR polarization for mine detection. This study is partially funded by the U.S. Army Night Vision & Electronic Sensors Directorate (NVESD). The goal of the study is to demonstrate, through phenomenology studies and limited field trials, that IR polarizaton outperforms conventional IR imaging in the mine detection arena.

The Scope Of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hirschfeld, T.

1981-10-01

Three auarters of a century after its inception, a generation after its advantages were recognized, and a decade after its first commercialization, FT-IR dominates the growth of the IR market, and reigns alone over its high performance end. What lies ahead for FT-IR now? On one hand, the boundary between it and the classical scanning spectrometers is becoming fuzzy, as gratings attempt to use as much of FT-IR's computer technology as they can handle, and smaller FT systems invade the medium cost instrument range. On the other hand, technology advances in IR detectors, non-Fourier interference devices, and the often announced tunable laser are at long last getting set to make serious inroads in the field (although not necessarily in the manner most of us expected). However, the dominance of FT-IR as the leading edge of IR spectroscopy seems assured for a good many years. The evolution of FT-IR will be dominated by demands not yet fully satisfied such as rapid sample turnover, better quantitation, automated interpretation, higher GC-IR sensitivity, improved LC-IR, and, above all else, reliability and ease of use. These developments will be based on multiple small advances in hardware, large advances in the way systems are put together, and the traditional yearly revolutionary advances of the computer industry. The big question in the field will, however, still be whether our ambition and our skill can continue to keep up with the advances of our tools. It will be fun.

The impact of ischemia-reperfusion injuries on skin resident murine dendritic cells.

PubMed

Goh, Chi Ching; Evrard, Maximilien; Chong, Shu Zhen; Tan, Yingrou; Tan, Leonard De Li; Teng, Karen Wei Weng; Weninger, Wolfgang; Becker, David Laurence; Tey, Hong Liang; Newell, Evan William; Liu, Bin; Ng, Lai Guan

2018-06-01

Pressure ulcers are a chronic problem for patients or the elderly who require extended periods of bed rest. The formation of ulcers is due to repeated cycles of ischemia-reperfusion (IR), which initiates an inflammatory response. Advanced ulcers disrupt the skin barrier, resulting in further complications. To date, the immunological aspect of skin IR has been understudied, partly due to the complexity of the skin immune cells. Through a combination of mass cytometry, confocal imaging and intravital multiphoton imaging, this study establishes a workflow for multidimensionality single cell analysis of skin myeloid cell responses in the context of IR injury with high spatiotemporal resolution. The data generated has provided us with previously uncharacterized insights into the distinct cellular behavior of resident dendritic cells (DCs) and recruited neutrophils post IR. Of interest, we observed a drop in DDC numbers in the IR region, which was subsequently replenished 48h post IR. More importantly, in these cells, we observe an attenuated response to repeated injuries, which may have implications in the subsequent wound healing process. © 2018 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Smart Water Conservation System for Irrigated Landscape

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-05-01

Ir ri ga tio n Sy st em s Ir ri... ire d fo r i rr ig at io n. Le ss w at er u se d re su lts in re du ce d en er gy us ag e. C on tro lle r c ol le ct s a nd e va lu at es re...al -ti m e se ns or d at a to de te rm in e w he n it is n ec es sa ry to ir rig at e an d ho w m uc h w at er to a pp ly b as ed

Assessment of Soil-Gas, Surface-Water, and Soil Contamination at the Installation Railhead, Fort Gordon, Georgia, 2008-2009

USGS Publications Warehouse

Landmeyer, James E.; Harrelson, Larry G.; Ratliff, W. Hagan; Wellborn, John B.

2010-01-01

The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of the Army Environmental and Natural Resources Management Office of the U.S. Army Signal Center and Fort Gordon, assessed soil gas, surface water, and soil for contaminants at the Installation Railhead (IR) at Fort Gordon, Georgia, from October 2008 to September 2009. The assessment included delineation of organic contaminants present in soil-gas samples beneath the IR, and in a surface-water sample collected from an unnamed tributary to Marcum Branch in the western part of the IR. Inorganic contaminants were determined in a surface-water sample and in soil samples. This assessment was conducted to provide environmental contamination data to Fort Gordon personnel pursuant to requirements of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Part B Hazardous Waste Permit process. Soil-gas samples collected within a localized area on the western part of the IR contained total petroleum hydrocarbons; benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and total xylenes (referred to as BTEX); and naphthalene above the method detection level. These soil-gas samples were collected where buildings had previously stood. Soil-gas samples collected within a localized area contained perchloroethylene (PCE). These samples were collected where buildings 2410 and 2405 had been. Chloroform and toluene were detected in a surface-water sample collected from an unnamed tributary to Marcum Branch but at concentrations below the National Primary Drinking Water Standard maximum contaminant level (MCL) for each compound. Iron was detected in the surface-water sample at 686 micrograms per liter (ug/L) and exceeded the National Secondary Drinking Water Standard MCL for iron. Metal concentrations in composite soil samples collected at three locations from land surface to a depth of 6 inches did not exceed the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Regional Screening Levels for industrial soil.

Tolerance of broccoli cultivars to pre-transplanting clomazone

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Clomazone has been used for weed management in cabbage (Brassica oleracea L., capitata group) production in the U.S. for over 20 years; however, the herbicide is not currently registered for other crop groups within B. oleracea. The U.S. specialty crop pesticide registration program (The IR-4 Proje...

77 FR 8120 - Definition of a Taxpayer

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-14

... U.S. and foreign tax law purposes. The Treasury Department and the IRS received written comments on...-2010 taxable years) of a section 902 corporation. It also identifies an exclusive list of arrangements... income that is considered received by different persons for U.S. and foreign tax purposes, as in the case...

Taxpayer Information: Increased Sharing and Verifying of Information Could Improve Education's Award Decisions. Report to the Committee on Finance, U.S. Senate.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brostek, Michael

The U.S. General Accounting Office (GAO) was asked to determine whether the U.S. Department of Education uses taxpayer information to verify information provided by student aid applicants, and the benefits of increasing data verification activities, and whether the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) uses personal information maintained by Education to…

FT-IR imaging for quantitative determination of liver fat content in non-alcoholic fatty liver.

PubMed

Kochan, K; Maslak, E; Chlopicki, S; Baranska, M

2015-08-07

In this work we apply FT-IR imaging of large areas of liver tissue cross-section samples (∼5 cm × 5 cm) for quantitative assessment of steatosis in murine model of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver (NAFLD). We quantified the area of liver tissue occupied by lipid droplets (LDs) by FT-IR imaging and Oil Red O (ORO) staining for comparison. Two alternative FT-IR based approaches are presented. The first, straightforward method, was based on average spectra from tissues and provided values of the fat content by using a PLS regression model and the reference method. The second one – the chemometric-based method – enabled us to determine the values of the fat content, independently of the reference method by means of k-means cluster (KMC) analysis. In summary, FT-IR images of large size liver sections may prove to be useful for quantifying liver steatosis without the need of tissue staining.

Disruptive Commercial Technologies

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-06-26

with rotating mirrored “ disco ” balls could be used to blind and confuse Marine forces while masking Red positions. COTS polycarbonate first-responder...specialize in small orders” • Active/passive − Magnesium firebreak − Smoke bombs − 2M candlepower IR illuminators aimed at disco balls − IR strobes...and virtual exercises, we must also equip our irregular OPFOR with the tools they would be likely to acquire and apply against us in creative new ways

Helmet-Mounted Displays: Sensation, Perception and Cognition Issues

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-01-01

Inc., web site: http://www.metavr.com/ technology/ papers /syntheticvision.html Helmetag, A., Halbig, C., Kubbat, W., and Schmidt, R. (1999...system-of-systems.” One integral system is a “head-borne vision enhancement” system (an HMD) that provides fused I2/ IR sensor imagery (U.S. Army Natick...Using microwave, radar, I2, infrared ( IR ), and other technology-based imaging sensors, the “seeing” range of the human eye is extended into the

Ligand-Binding Affinity at the Insulin Receptor Isoform-A and Subsequent IR-A Tyrosine Phosphorylation Kinetics are Important Determinants of Mitogenic Biological Outcomes

PubMed Central

Rajapaksha, Harinda; Forbes, Briony E.

2015-01-01

The insulin receptor (IR) is a tyrosine kinase receptor that can mediate both metabolic and mitogenic biological actions. The IR isoform-A (IR-A) arises from alternative splicing of exon 11 and has different ligand binding and signaling properties compared to the IR isoform-B. The IR-A not only binds insulin but also insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II) with high affinity. IGF-II acting through the IR-A promotes cancer cell proliferation, survival, and migration by activating some unique signaling molecules compared to those activated by insulin. This observation led us to investigate whether the different IR-A signaling outcomes in response to IGF-II and insulin could be attributed to phosphorylation of a different subset of IR-A tyrosine residues or to the phosphorylation kinetics. We correlated IR-A phosphorylation to activation of molecules involved in mitogenic and metabolic signaling (MAPK and Akt) and receptor internalization rates (related to mitogenic signaling). We also extended this study to incorporate two ligands that are known to promote predominantly mitogenic [(His4, Tyr15, Thr49, Ile51) IGF-I, qIGF-I] or metabolic (S597 peptide) biological actions, to see if common mechanisms can be used to define mitogenic or metabolic signaling through the IR-A. The threefold lower mitogenic action of IGF-II compared to insulin was associated with a decreased potency in activation of Y960, Y1146, Y1150, Y1151, Y1316, and Y1322, in MAPK phosphorylation and in IR-A internalization. With the poorly mitogenic S597 peptide, it was a decreased rate of tyrosine phosphorylation rather than potency that was associated with a low mitogenic potential. We conclude that both decreased affinity of IR-A binding and kinetics of IR-A phosphorylation can independently lead to a lower mitogenic activity. None of the studied parameters could account for the lower metabolic activity of qIGF-I. PMID:26217307

About possibility of temperature trace observing on a human skin through clothes by using computer processing of IR image

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Trofimov, Vyacheslav A.; Trofimov, Vladislav V.; Shestakov, Ivan L.; Blednov, Roman G.

2017-05-01

One of urgent security problems is a detection of objects placed inside the human body. Obviously, for safety reasons one cannot use X-rays for such object detection widely and often. For this purpose, we propose to use THz camera and IR camera. Below we continue a possibility of IR camera using for a detection of temperature trace on a human body. In contrast to passive THz camera using, the IR camera does not allow to see very pronounced the object under clothing. Of course, this is a big disadvantage for a security problem solution based on the IR camera using. To find possible ways for this disadvantage overcoming we make some experiments with IR camera, produced by FLIR Company and develop novel approach for computer processing of images captured by IR camera. It allows us to increase a temperature resolution of IR camera as well as human year effective susceptibility enhancing. As a consequence of this, a possibility for seeing of a human body temperature changing through clothing appears. We analyze IR images of a person, which drinks water and eats chocolate. We follow a temperature trace on human body skin, caused by changing of temperature inside the human body. Some experiments are made with observing of temperature trace from objects placed behind think overall. Demonstrated results are very important for the detection of forbidden objects, concealed inside the human body, by using non-destructive control without using X-rays.

Detecting infrared luminescence and non-chemical signaling of living cells: single cell mid-IR spectroscopy in cryogenic environments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pereverzev, Sergey

2017-02-01

Many life-relevant interaction energies are in IR range, and it is reasonable to believe that some biochemical reactions inside cells can results in emission of IR photons. Cells can use this emission for non-chemical and non-electrical signaling. Detecting weak infrared radiation from live cells is complicated because of strong thermal radiation background and absorption of radiation by tissues. A microfluidic device with live cells inside a vacuum cryogenic environment should suppress this background, and thereby permit observation of live cell auto-luminescence or signaling in the IR regime. One can make IR-transparent windows not emitting in this range, so only the cell and a small amount of liquid around it will emit infrared radiation. Currently mid-IR spectroscopy of single cells requires the use of a synchrotron source to measure absorption or reflection spectra. Decreasing of thermal radiation background will allow absorption and reflection spectroscopy of cells without using synchrotron light. Moreover, cell auto-luminescence can be directly measured. The complete absence of thermal background radiation for cryogenically cooled samples allows the use IR photon-sensitive detectors and obtaining single molecule sensitivity in IR photo-luminescence measurements. Due to low photon energies, photo-luminescence measurements will be non-distractive for pressures samples. The technique described here is based upon US patent 9366574.

75 FR 11995 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request for Form 706-QDT

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-12

... 1995, Public Law 104-13 (44 U.S.C. 3506(c)(2)(A)). Currently, the IRS is soliciting comments concerning Form 706-QDT, U.S. Estate Tax Return for Qualified Domestic Trusts. DATES: Written comments should [email protected] . SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Title: U.S. Estate Tax Return for Qualified Domestic Trusts...

77 FR 64378 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request for Form 3520-A

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-19

... 1995, Public Law 104-13 (44 U.S.C. 3506(c)(2)(A)). Currently, the IRS is soliciting comments concerning Form 3520-A, Annual Information Return of Foreign Trust With a U.S. Owner. DATES: Written [email protected] . SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Title: Annual Information Return of Foreign Trust With A U.S...

8 CFR 322.3 - Application and supporting documents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

...-240, Report of Birth Abroad; a valid unexpired U.S. passport; or certificate of citizenship); (v) If... petition (except the home study) or evidence that the child has been admitted for lawful permanent residence in the United States with the immigrant classification of IR-3 (Orphan adopted abroad by a U.S...

8 CFR 322.3 - Application and supporting documents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

...-240, Report of Birth Abroad; a valid unexpired U.S. passport; or certificate of citizenship); (v) If... petition (except the home study) or evidence that the child has been admitted for lawful permanent residence in the United States with the immigrant classification of IR-3 (Orphan adopted abroad by a U.S...

8 CFR 322.3 - Application and supporting documents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

...-240, Report of Birth Abroad; a valid unexpired U.S. passport; or certificate of citizenship); (v) If... petition (except the home study) or evidence that the child has been admitted for lawful permanent residence in the United States with the immigrant classification of IR-3 (Orphan adopted abroad by a U.S...

U.S. EPA, Pesticide Product Label, , 10/04/1988

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

2011-04-21

... t""ff If~I!t'd ~u:s .. !P'OJI :"tolft: .. , cte-''''O tI"!~ ~Irs n,-.r"'f'1 ~~~~.e {!'I'll'~ ",!U rif fap.nrf I"O't f~!";:I'''' 'ePf1~1 .Nt"'.oI"SI:J" "'OJS (..;OO;~ ~e~'t

Observation of Image Potential State in Oxygen Intercalated Graphene on Iridium by Two-Photon-Photoemission Spectroscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lin, Yi; Li, Yunzhe; Sadowski, Jerzy; Dadap, Jerry; Jin, Wencan; Osgood, Richard

In this talk, we report our experimental results on the first direct observation of image potential state (IPS) in oxygen-intercalated graphene on iridium by two-photo-photoemission spectroscopy. We demonstrate how oxygen intercalation influences the IPS in Gr/Ir and decouples the interlayer interaction. We present measurements of the electronic dispersion and work function in pristine Gr/Ir, oxygen-intercalated Gr/O/Ir, and deintercalated Gr/Ir. LEED patterns are measured during the pristine, oxygen-intercalated, and deintercalated phases of the Gr/Ir sample. Based on these measurements, relative to the pristine case, the work function and the energy location of n =1 IPS relative to the Fermi level increases by 0.39 eV and 0.3 eV, respectively, due to oxygen intercalation, whereas the effective mass of n =1 IPS is hardly influenced by the intercalation process. Moreover, we achieve the quenching and restoration of the resonance from Ir Rashba states to n =1 IPS in Gr/Ir by oxygen intercalation and deintercalation. This work was supported by the DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of MSE under Contract No. DE-FG 02-04-ER-46157. This research used resources of the CFN, which is the U.S. DOE Office of Science User Facility, under Contract No. DE-SC0012704.

Influence of IR radiation on the carotenoid content in human skin

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Darvin, M. E.; Zastrov, L.; Gonchukov, S. A.; Lademann, J.

2009-12-01

It is shown that the infrared irradiation decreases the content of β-carotene and lycopene carotenoids in human skin. A decrease in the content of β-carotene and lycopene may indicate that the IR radiation, as well as the UV radiation, is capable of forming free radicals in human skin. The investigations were performed in vivo using the technique of resonance Raman scattering developed by us for the noninvasive determination of antioxidant potential in skin.

IRS Could Better Protect U.S. Tax Interests in Determining the Income of Multinational Corporations.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-09-30

together by ties of common ownership and responsive to a common management strat- egy. 2/ Unlike a corporation which conducts business in only one...multinational corporate tax returns. The Assistant Commissi3ner carries out this responsibility through the IRS Examination Divi- sion and Office of...information return would not place an added burden on the corporations be- cause the corporations are currently providing similar data in response to

Intermolecular interactions and substrate effects for an adamantane monolayer on a Au(111) surface

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sakai, Yuki; Nguyen, Giang D.; Capaz, Rodrigo B.; Coh, Sinisa; Pechenezhskiy, Ivan V.; Hong, Xiaoping; Wang, Feng; Crommie, Michael F.; Saito, Susumu; Louie, Steven G.; Cohen, Marvin L.

2013-12-01

We study theoretically and experimentally the infrared (IR) spectrum of an adamantane monolayer on a Au(111) surface. Using a STM-based IR spectroscopy technique (IRSTM) we are able to measure both the nanoscale structure of an adamantane monolayer on Au(111) as well as its infrared spectrum, while DFT-based ab initio calculations allow us to interpret the microscopic vibrational dynamics revealed by our measurements. We find that the IR spectrum of an adamantane monolayer on Au(111) is substantially modified with respect to the gas-phase IR spectrum. The first modification is caused by the adamantane-adamantane interaction due to monolayer packing, and it reduces the IR intensity of the 2912 cm-1 peak (gas phase) by a factor of 3.5. The second modification originates from the adamantane-gold interaction, and it increases the IR intensity of the 2938 cm-1 peak (gas phase) by a factor of 2.6 and reduces its frequency by 276 cm-1. We expect that the techniques described here can be used for an independent estimate of substrate effects and intermolecular interactions in other diamondoid molecules and for other metallic substrates.

Biomarkers for nonclinical infusion reactions in marketed biotherapeutics and considerations for study design.

PubMed

Mease, Kirsten M; Kimzey, Amy L; Lansita, Janice A

2017-06-01

The observation of an infusion reaction (IR) in a nonclinical study can cause concern among investigators and regulators in the development of biotherapeutics. Biomarkers can be informative to determine whether the reactions are immune-mediated or test-article related and if there is a potential risk to human subjects. IRs encompass a broad range of adverse events with a variety of triggers; the focus of this paper is IRs due to cytokine release syndrome or immune complex formation and the associated biomarkers. Such reactions generally do not preclude clinical development or marketing approval, because it is widely accepted that immune-mediated reactions in nonclinical species are not predictive of human outcomes. Several US approved products (from 2004 to 2016) have documented IRs in nonclinical species. This review article discusses recent examples, the biomarkers evaluated, and implications for study design and conduct.

Increasing Campylobacter Infections, Outbreaks, and Antimicrobial Resistance in the United States, 2004-2012.

PubMed

Geissler, Aimee L; Bustos Carrillo, Fausto; Swanson, Krista; Patrick, Mary E; Fullerton, Kathleen E; Bennett, Christy; Barrett, Kelly; Mahon, Barbara E

2017-10-30

Campylobacteriosis, a leading cause of foodborne illness in the United States, was not nationally notifiable until 2015. Data describing national patterns and trends are limited. We describe the epidemiology of Campylobacter infections in the United States during 2004-2012. We summarized laboratory-confirmed campylobacteriosis data from the Nationally Notifiable Disease Surveillance System, National Outbreak Reporting System, National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System, and Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network. During 2004-2012, 303520 culture-confirmed campylobacteriosis cases were reported. Average annual incidence rate (IR) was 11.4 cases/100000 persons, with substantial variation by state (range, 3.1-47.6 cases/100000 persons). IRs among patients aged 0-4 years were more than double overall IRs. IRs were highest among males in all age groups. IRs in western states and rural counties were higher (16.2/100000 and 14.2/100000, respectively) than southern states and metropolitan counties (6.8/100000 and 11.0/100000, respectively). Annual IRs increased 21% from 10.5/100000 during 2004-2006 to 12.7/100000 during 2010-2012, with the greatest increases among persons aged >60 years (40%) and in southern states (32%). The annual median number of Campylobacter outbreaks increased from 28 in 2004-2006 to 56 in 2010-2012; in total, 347 were reported. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of isolates from 4793 domestic and 1070 travel-associated infections revealed that, comparing 2004-2009 to 2010-2012, ciprofloxacin resistance increased among domestic infections (12.8% vs 16.1%). During 2004-2012, incidence of campylobacteriosis, outbreaks, and clinically significant antimicrobial resistance increased. Marked demographic and geographic differences exist. Our findings underscore the importance of national surveillance and understanding of risk factors to guide and target control measures. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2017. This work is written by (a) US Government employee(s) and is in the public domain in the US.

76 FR 62500 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request for Form 1120-F

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-07

... investments, or a business, or a branch in the U.S. The IRS uses Form 1120-F to determine if the foreign... comments concerning Form 1120-F, U.S. Income Tax Return of a Foreign Corporation. DATES: Written comments should be received on or before December 6, 2011 to be assured of consideration. ADDRESSES: Direct all...

76 FR 36621 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request for Forms 1042, 1042-S, and 1042-T

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-22

... 1042, 1042-S, and 1042-T AGENCY: Internal Revenue Service (IRS), Treasury. ACTION: Notice and request... comments concerning Form 1042, Annual Withholding Tax Return for U.S. Source Income of Foreign Persons, Form 1042-S, Foreign Person's U.S. Source Income Subject to Withholding, and Form 1042-T, Annual...

78 FR 79652 - Taxation of U.S. Persons That Are Shareholders of Section 1291 Funds

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-31

... DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY Internal Revenue Service 26 CFR Part 1 [REG-113350-13] RIN 1545-BL56 Taxation of U.S. Persons That Are Shareholders of Section 1291 Funds AGENCY: Internal Revenue Service (IRS), Treasury. ACTION: Partial withdrawal of notice of proposed rulemaking. SUMMARY: This document withdraws a...

Using Remotely Sensed Data to Automate and Improve Census Bureau Update Activities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Desch, A., IV

2017-12-01

Location of established and new housing structures is fundamental in the Census Bureau's planning and execution of each decennial census. Past Census address list compilation and update programs have involved sending more than 100,000 workers into the field to find and verify housing units. The 2020 Census program has introduced an imagery based In-Office Address Canvassing Interactive Review (IOAC-IR) program in an attempt to reduce the in-field workload. The human analyst driven, aerial image based IOAC-IR operation has proven to be a cost effective and accurate substitute for a large portion of the expensive in-field address canvassing operations. However, the IOAC-IR still required more than a year to complete and over 100 full-time dedicated employees. Much of the basic image analysis work done in IOAC-IR can be handled with established remote sensing and computer vision techniques. The experience gained from the Interactive Review phase of In-Office Address Canvassing has led to the development of a prototype geo-processing tool to automate much of this process for future and ongoing Address Canvassing operations. This prototype utilizes high-resolution aerial imagery and LiDAR to identify structures and compare their location to existing Census geographic information. In this presentation, we report on the comparison of this exploratory system's results to the human based IOAC-IR. The experimental image and LiDAR based change detection approach has itself led to very promising follow-on experiments utilizing very current, high repeat datasets and scalable cloud computing. We will discuss how these new techniques can be used to both aid the US Census Bureau meet its goals of identify all the housing units in the US as well as aid developing countries better identify where there population is currently distributed.

The Spectacular Radio-Near-IR-X-Ray Jet of 3C 111: the X-Ray Emission Mechanism and Jet Kinematics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Clautice, Devon; Perlman, Eric S.; Georganopoulos, Markos; Lister, Matthew L.; Tombesi, Francesco; Cara, Mihai; Marshall, Herman L.; Hogan, Brandon M.; Kazanas, Demos

2016-01-01

Relativistic jets are the most energetic manifestation of the active galactic nucleus (AGN) phenomenon. AGN jets are observed from the radio through gamma-rays and carry copious amounts of matter and energy from the subparsec central regions out to the kiloparsec and often megaparsec scale galaxy and cluster environs. While most spatially resolved jets are seen in the radio, an increasing number have been discovered to emit in the optical/near- IR and/or X-ray bands. Here we discuss a spectacular example of this class, the 3C 111 jet, housed in one of the nearest, double-lobed FR II radio galaxies known. We discuss new, deep Chandra and Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations that reveal both near-IR and X-ray emission from several components of the 3C 111 jet, as well as both the northern and southern hotspots. Important differences are seen between the morphologies in the radio, X-ray, and near-IR bands. The long (over 100 kpc on each side), straight nature of this jet makes it an excellent prototype for future, deep observations, as it is one of the longest such features seen in the radio, near-IR/optical, and X-ray bands. Several independent lines of evidence, including the X-ray and broadband spectral shape as well as the implied velocity of the approaching hotspot, lead us to strongly disfavor the EC/CMB model and instead favor a two-component synchrotron model to explain the observed X-ray emission for several jet components. Future observations with NuSTAR, HST, and Chandra will allow us to further constrain the emission mechanisms.

Expanded Normal Weight Obesity and Insulin Resistance in US Adults of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

PubMed Central

Martinez, Keilah E.; Bailey, Bruce W.

2017-01-01

This study aims to expand the evaluation of normal weight obesity (NWO) and its association with insulin resistance using an NHANES (1999–2006) sample of US adults. A cross-sectional study including 5983 men and women (50.8%) was conducted. Body fat percentage (BF%) was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Expanded normal weight obesity (eNWO) categories, pairings of BMI and body fat percentage classifications, were created using standard cut-points for BMI and sex-specific median for BF%. Homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels were used to index insulin resistance. Mean ± SE values were BMI: 27.9 ± 0.2 (women) and 27.8 ± 0.1 (men); body fat percentage: 40.5 ± 0.2 (women) and 27.8 ± 0.2 (men); and HOMA-IR: 2.04 ± 0.05 (women) and 2.47 ± 0.09 (men). HOMA-IR differed systematically and in a dose-response fashion across all levels of the eNWO categories (F = 291.3, P < 0.0001). As BMI levels increased, HOMA-IR increased significantly, and within each BMI category, higher levels of body fat were associated with higher levels of HOMA-IR. Both high BMI and high BF% were strongly related to insulin resistance. Insulin resistance appears to increase incrementally according to BMI levels primarily and body fat levels secondarily. Including a precise measure of body fat with BMI adds little to the utility of BMI in the prediction of insulin resistance. PMID:28812029

THE SPECTACULAR RADIO-NEAR-IR-X-RAY JET OF 3C 111: THE X-RAY EMISSION MECHANISM AND JET KINEMATICS

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Clautice, Devon; Perlman, Eric S.; Georganopoulos, Markos

2016-08-01

Relativistic jets are the most energetic manifestation of the active galactic nucleus (AGN) phenomenon. AGN jets are observed from the radio through gamma-rays and carry copious amounts of matter and energy from the sub-parsec central regions out to the kiloparsec and often megaparsec scale galaxy and cluster environs. While most spatially resolved jets are seen in the radio, an increasing number have been discovered to emit in the optical/near-IR and/or X-ray bands. Here we discuss a spectacular example of this class, the 3C 111 jet, housed in one of the nearest, double-lobed FR II radio galaxies known. We discuss new,more » deep Chandra and Hubble Space Telescope ( HST ) observations that reveal both near-IR and X-ray emission from several components of the 3C 111 jet, as well as both the northern and southern hotspots. Important differences are seen between the morphologies in the radio, X-ray, and near-IR bands. The long (over 100 kpc on each side), straight nature of this jet makes it an excellent prototype for future, deep observations, as it is one of the longest such features seen in the radio, near-IR/optical, and X-ray bands. Several independent lines of evidence, including the X-ray and broadband spectral shape as well as the implied velocity of the approaching hotspot, lead us to strongly disfavor the EC/CMB model and instead favor a two-component synchrotron model to explain the observed X-ray emission for several jet components. Future observations with NuSTAR , HST , and Chandra will allow us to further constrain the emission mechanisms.« less

Infrared spectroscopy and microscopy in cancer research and diagnosis

PubMed Central

Bellisola, Giuseppe; Sorio, Claudio

2012-01-01

Since the middle of 20th century infrared (IR) spectroscopy coupled to microscopy (IR microspectroscopy) has been recognized as a non destructive, label free, highly sensitive and specific analytical method with many potential useful applications in different fields of biomedical research and in particular cancer research and diagnosis. Although many technological improvements have been made to facilitate biomedical applications of this powerful analytical technique, it has not yet properly come into the scientific background of many potential end users. Therefore, to achieve those fundamental objectives an interdisciplinary approach is needed with basic scientists, spectroscopists, biologists and clinicians who must effectively communicate and understand each other's requirements and challenges. In this review we aim at illustrating some principles of Fourier transform (FT) Infrared (IR) vibrational spectroscopy and microscopy (microFT-IR) as a useful method to interrogate molecules in specimen by mid-IR radiation. Penetrating into basics of molecular vibrations might help us to understand whether, when and how complementary information obtained by microFT-IR could become useful in our research and/or diagnostic activities. MicroFT-IR techniques allowing to acquire information about the molecular composition and structure of a sample within a micrometric scale in a matter of seconds will be illustrated as well as some limitations will be discussed. How biochemical, structural, and dynamical information about the systems can be obtained by bench top microFT-IR instrumentation will be also presented together with some methods to treat and interpret IR spectral data and applicative examples. The mid-IR absorbance spectrum is one of the most information-rich and concise way to represent the whole “… omics” of a cell and, as such, fits all the characteristics for the development of a clinically useful biomarker. PMID:22206042

Irradiation-Dependent Effects on Tumor Perfusion and Endogenous and Exogenous Hypoxia Markers in an A549 Xenograft Model

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Fokas, Emmanouil, E-mail: emmanouil.fokas@yahoo.d; Haenze, Joerg; Kamlah, Florentine

2010-08-01

Purpose: Hypoxia is a major determinant of tumor radiosensitivity, and microenvironmental changes in response to ionizing radiation (IR) are often heterogenous. We analyzed IR-dependent changes in hypoxia and perfusion in A549 human lung adenocarcinoma xenografts. Materials and Methods: Immunohistological analysis of two exogenously added chemical hypoxic markers, pimonidazole and CCI-103F, and of the endogenous marker Glut-1 was performed time dependently after IR. Tumor vessels and apoptosis were analyzed using CD31 and caspase-3 antibodies. Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) and fluorescent beads (Hoechst 33342) were used to monitor vascular perfusion. Results: CCI-103F signals measuring the fraction of hypoxic areas aftermore » IR were significantly decreased by approximately 50% when compared with pimonidazole signals, representing the fraction of hypoxic areas from the same tumors before IR. Interestingly, Glut-1 signals were significantly decreased at early time point (6.5 h) after IR returning to the initial levels at 30.5 h. Vascular density showed no difference between irradiated and control groups, whereas apoptosis was significantly induced at 10.5 h post-IR. DCE-MRI indicated increased perfusion 1 h post-IR. Conclusions: The discrepancy between the hypoxic fractions of CCI-103F and Glut-1 forces us to consider the possibility that both markers reflect different metabolic alterations of tumor microenvironment. The reliability of endogenous markers such as Glut-1 to measure reoxygenation in irradiated tumors needs further consideration. Monitoring tumor microvascular response to IR by DCE-MRI and measuring tumor volume alterations should be encouraged.« less

Programmable personality interface for the dynamic infrared scene generator (IRSG2)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Buford, James A., Jr.; Mobley, Scott B.; Mayhall, Anthony J.; Braselton, William J.

1998-07-01

As scene generator platforms begin to rely specifically on commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) hardware and software components, the need for high speed programmable personality interfaces (PPIs) are required for interfacing to Infrared (IR) flight computer/processors and complex IR projectors in the hardware-in-the-loop (HWIL) simulation facilities. Recent technological advances and innovative applications of established technologies are beginning to allow development of cost effective PPIs to interface to COTS scene generators. At the U.S. Army Aviation and Missile Command (AMCOM) Missile Research, Development, and Engineering Center (MRDEC) researchers have developed such a PPI to reside between the AMCOM MRDEC IR Scene Generator (IRSG) and either a missile flight computer or the dynamic Laser Diode Array Projector (LDAP). AMCOM MRDEC has developed several PPIs for the first and second generation IRSGs (IRSG1 and IRSG2), which are based on Silicon Graphics Incorporated (SGI) Onyx and Onyx2 computers with Reality Engine 2 (RE2) and Infinite Reality (IR/IR2) graphics engines. This paper provides an overview of PPIs designed, integrated, tested, and verified at AMCOM MRDEC, specifically the IRSG2's PPI.

Inverse association between insulin resistance and gait speed in nondiabetic older men: results from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2002

PubMed Central

2009-01-01

Background Recent studies have revealed the associations between insulin resistance (IR) and geriatric conditions such as frailty and cognitive impairment. However, little is known about the relation of IR to physical impairment and limitation in the aging process, eg. slow gait speed and poor muscle strength. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of IR in performance-based physical function, specifically gait speed and leg strength, among nondiabetic older adults. Methods Cross-sectional data were from the population-based National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2002). A total of 1168 nondiabetic adults (≥ 50 years) with nonmissing values in fasting measures of insulin and glucose, habitual gait speed (HGS), and leg strength were analyzed. IR was assessed by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR), whereas HGS and peak leg strength by the 20-foot timed walk test and an isokinetic dynamometer, respectively. We used multiple linear regression to examine the association between IR and performance-based physical function. Results IR was inversely associated with gait speed among the men. After adjusting demographics, body mass index, alcohol consumption, smoking status, chronic co-morbidities, and markers of nutrition and cardiovascular risk, each increment of 1 standard deviation in the HOMA-IR level was associated with a 0.04 m/sec decrease (p = 0.003) in the HGS in men. We did not find such association among the women. The IR-HGS association was not changed after further adjustment of leg strength. Last, HOMA-IR was not demonstrated in association with peak leg strength. Conclusion IR is inversely associated with HGS among older men without diabetes. The results suggest that IR, an important indicator of gait function among men, could be further investigated as an intervenable target to prevent walking limitation. PMID:19922671

Identification of the fragment of the 1-methylpyrene cation by mid-IR spectroscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jusko, Pavol; Simon, Aude; Wenzel, Gabi; Brünken, Sandra; Schlemmer, Stephan; Joblin, Christine

2018-04-01

The fragment of the 1-methylpyrene cation, 17C 11H+, is expected to exist in two isomeric forms, 1-pyrenemethylium PyrCH2+ and the tropylium containing species PyrC7+. We measured the infrared (IR) action spectrum of cold 17C 11H+ tagged with Ne using a cryogenic ion trap instrument coupled to the FELIX laser. Comparison of the experimental data with density functional theory calculations allows us to identify the PyrCH2+ isomer in our experiments. The IR Multi-Photon Dissociation spectrum was also recorded following the C2H2 loss channel. Its analysis suggests combined effects of anharmonicity and isomerisation while heating the trapped ions, as shown by molecular dynamics simulations.

Testicular Cancer in U.S. Navy Personnel.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-09-01

34 FO6i L MEuN 44 L.0. 1 1.2 11111h.6 111WII*Z MIIIII-; S0irIO TSTCHR &L. TESTICULAR CANCER IN U.S. NAVY PERSONNEL (o ’- F. C. GARLAND SE.0. GORIHAM o...CALIFORNIA 92138-9174 * ~NAVAL MEDICAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND L, BETHESDA, MARYLAND Mir’ I, Testicular Cancer in U.S. Navy Personnel Frank...development of testicular cancer is greatest in white men aged 20-29. The U.S. Navy is one of the largest defined populations available of men in this

Measurements of ultrafast spin-profiles and spin-diffusion properties in the domain wall area at a metal/ferromagnetic film interface.

PubMed

Sant, T; Ksenzov, D; Capotondi, F; Pedersoli, E; Manfredda, M; Kiskinova, M; Zabel, H; Kläui, M; Lüning, J; Pietsch, U; Gutt, C

2017-11-08

Exciting a ferromagnetic material with an ultrashort IR laser pulse is known to induce spin dynamics by heating the spin system and by ultrafast spin diffusion processes. Here, we report on measurements of spin-profiles and spin diffusion properties in the vicinity of domain walls in the interface region between a metallic Al layer and a ferromagnetic Co/Pd thin film upon IR excitation. We followed the ultrafast temporal evolution by means of an ultrafast resonant magnetic scattering experiment in surface scattering geometry, which enables us to exploit the evolution of the domain network within a 1/e distance of 3 nm to 5 nm from the Al/FM film interface. We observe a magnetization-reversal close to the domain wall boundaries that becomes more pronounced closer to the Al/FM film interface. This magnetization-reversal is driven by the different transport properties of majority and minority carriers through a magnetically disordered domain network. Its finite lateral extension has allowed us to measure the ultrafast spin-diffusion coefficients and ultrafast spin velocities for majority and minority carriers upon IR excitation.

Taking local ownership: government and household contribution to indoor residual spraying in Zanzibar and mainland Tanzania.

PubMed

Alidina, Zainab; Colaco, Rajeev; Ali, Abdullah S; Mcha, Juma H; Mwalimu, Charles D; Thawer, Narjis G; Lalji, Shabbir; Mutagahywa, Joshua; Ramsan, Mahdi M; Kafuko, Jessica M; Kaspar, Naomi; Magesa, Stephen M; Reithinger, Richard; Ngondi, Jeremiah M

2016-07-01

While donor funding is instrumental in initiation and implementation of malaria control efforts, national government contributions are key to local ownership and sustainability. This study explored in-kind contributions of local government and households towards the cost of indoor residual spraying (IRS) interventions in Tanzania. Data were collected through interviews with local government officials and technical teams in the IRS project. Household contribution was based on provision of water for IRS. Government contributions included government-provided warehouse and office space, vehicles, and staff labour. In-kind contributions were aggregated at the district, regional and national level. Calculations were based on proportion of total costs of IRS from 2010 to 2012. The mainland government provided larger amounts of in-kind contribution in absolute value (mean of US$454 200) compared to Zanzibar (US$89 163). On average, in-kind contribution was 5.5% of total costs in Zanzibar and 2.9% in mainland. The proportion of government in-kind contribution was higher in Zanzibar versus the mainland (86% vs 50%) while household contribution was higher in mainland compared to Zanzibar (50% vs 14%). Government involvement, particularly through budgetary allocations and increased in-kind contribution, needs to be encouraged for malaria control efforts to be locally owned, managed and sustained. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

GOSAT field experiments with a new portable mid-IR FTS in the western US

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shiomi, K.; Kikuchi, N.; Kuze, A.; Suto, H.; Kawakami, S.; Hashimoto, M.; Kataoka, F.; Kasai, K.; Arai, T.; Hedelius, J.; Viatte, C.; Wennberg, P. O.; Roehl, C. M.; Leifer, I.; Yates, E. L.; Marrero, J. E.; Iraci, L. T.; Bruegge, C. J.; Schwandner, F. M.; Crisp, D.

2016-12-01

The column-average dry air mole fractions of carbon dioxide (XCO2), methane (XCH4) and carbon monoxide (XCO) were measured from the surface using direct sunlight at near-IR wavelengths. Simultaneous detection of CO is helpful to characterize CO2 source type. We measured XCO along with XCO2 and XCH4 using a new portable Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS), EM27/SUN mid-IR,in western US field experiments at 1) Caltech, in Pasadena, a northern Los Angeles suburb, 2) Chino, a dairy farming region east of Los Angeles, and 3) Railroad Valley (RRV), a desert playa in Nevada. These measurements were conducted during the GOSAT/OCO-2 joint campaign for vicarious calibration and validation (cal/val) and its preparatory experiments in the early summer of 2016. Before the campaign, measurements from the JAXA EM27/SUN mid-IR were compared with those from the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) station at Caltech. Then, we observed a diurnal cycle at the Chino dairy site, an area of concentrated animal husbandry, producing a CH4 point source. Finally, we conducted the cal/val campaign at RRV coincident with GOSAT and OCO-2 overpass observations. Over RRV, in-situ vertical profiles of CO2 and CH4 were measured using the Alpha Jet research aircraft as a part of the NASA Ames Alpha Jet Atmospheric eXperiment (AJAX). We will compare experimental results from the cal/val campaign for XCO2 and XCH4 with the portable FTS.

Trends in Workforce Diversity in Vascular Surgery Programs in the United States

PubMed Central

Kane, Katherine; Rosero, Eric B; Clagett, G Patrick; Adams-Huet, Beverley; Timaran, Carlos H

2009-01-01

Background US black and Hispanic populations are growing at a steady pace. In contrast, the medical profession lacks the same minority growth and representation. Women are also under-represented in many surgical disciplines. The purpose of this study was to assess trends in the proportion of women, blacks and Hispanics admitted to vascular surgery (VS) and related specialties, and to compare them to each other and to a surgical specialty, orthopedic surgery (OS), with a formal diversity initiative. Methods Data on the fellowship pool of VS, interventional radiology (IR), and interventional cardiology (IC), as well as the resident pools of general surgery (GS) and orthopedic surgery (OS) were obtained from US graduate medical education reports for 1999 through 2005. Cochrane-Armitage trend tests were used to assess trends in the proportion of females, blacks and Hispanics in relation to the total physician workforce for each subspecialty. Results No significant trends in the proportion of females, blacks or Hispanics accepted into VS and IC fellowship programs occurred during the study period. In contrast, IR, GS, and OS programs revealed significant trends for increasing proportions of at least one of the underrepresented study groups. In particular, OS, which has implemented a diversity awareness program, showed a positive trend in female and Hispanic trainees (P < .04 and P <.02, respectively). Blacks showed a significant increasing trend only in IR (P =.05). Conversely, a positive trend toward continued growth in the Hispanic group was seen in GS (P <.001), IR and OS (P =.04 and P =0.02, respectively). Conclusions The racial/ethnic and gender composition of the physician trainee pool in vascular specialties, particularly VS, has not matched the increasing growth of underrepresented groups in the US population of patients with vascular disease. Formal programs to recruit qualified women and minorities appear successful in increasing workforce diversity. PMID:19398186

Trends in workforce diversity in vascular surgery programs in the United States.

PubMed

Kane, Katherine; Rosero, Eric B; Clagett, G Patrick; Adams-Huet, Beverley; Timaran, Carlos H

2009-06-01

U.S. black and Hispanic populations are growing at a steady pace. In contrast, the medical profession lacks the same minority growth and representation. Women are also under-represented in many surgical disciplines. The purpose of this study was to assess trends in the proportion of women, blacks, and Hispanics admitted to vascular surgery (VS) and related specialties, and to compare them with each other and with a surgical specialty, orthopedic surgery (OS), with a formal diversity initiative. Data on the fellowship pool of VS, interventional radiology (IR), and interventional cardiology (IC), as well as the resident pools of general surgery (GS) and orthopedic surgery (OS), were obtained from U.S. graduate medical education reports for 1999 through 2005. Cochrane-Armitage trend tests were used to assess trends in the proportion of females, blacks, and Hispanics in relation to the total physician workforce for each subspecialty. No significant trends in the proportion of females, blacks, or Hispanics accepted into VS and IC fellowship programs occurred during the study period. In contrast, IR, GS, and OS programs revealed significant trends for increasing proportions of at least one of the underrepresented study groups. In particular, OS, which has implemented a diversity awareness program, showed a positive trend in female and Hispanic trainees (P < .04 and P < .02, respectively). Blacks showed a significant increasing trend only in IR (P = .05). Conversely, a positive trend toward continued growth in the Hispanic group was seen in GS (P < .001), IR, and OS (P = .04 and P = .02, respectively). The racial/ethnic and gender composition of the physician trainee pool in vascular specialties, particularly VS, has not matched the increasing growth of underrepresented groups in the US population of patients with vascular disease. Formal programs to recruit qualified women and minorities appear successful in increasing workforce diversity.

Magnetic and crystal structures of the honeycomb lattice Na2IrO3 and single layer Sr2IrO4

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ye, Feng

2013-03-01

5 d based iridates have recently attracted great attention due to the large spin-orbit coupling (SOC). It is now recognized that the SOC that competes with other relevant energies, particularly the on-site Coulomb interaction U, and have driven novel electronic and magnetic phases. Combining single crystal neutron and x-ray diffractions, we have investigated the magnetic and crystal structures of the honeycomb lattice Na2IrO3. The system orders magnetically below 18.1 K with Ir4+ ions forming zigzag spin chains within the layered honeycomb network with ordered moment of 0.22 μB /Ir site. Such a configuration sharply contrasts the Neel or stripe states proposed in the Kitaev-Heisenberg model. The structure refinement reveals that the Ir atoms form nearly ideal 2D honeycomb lattice while the IrO6 octahedra experience a trigonal distortion that is critical to the ground state. The results of this study provide much-needed experimental insights into the magnetic and crystal structure crucial to the understanding of the exotic magnetic order and possible topological characteristics in the 5 d-electron based honeycomb lattice. Neutron diffraction experiments are also performed to investigate the magnetic and crystal structure of the single layer iridate Sr2IrO4, where new structural information and spin order are obtained that is not available from previous neutron powder diffraction measurement. This work was sponsored in part by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy.

Investigation of tip-depletion-induced fail in scanning capacitance microscopy for the determination of carrier type.

PubMed

Wang, Lin; Gautier, Brice; Sabac, Andrei; Bremond, Georges

2017-03-01

Scanning capacitance microscopy (SCM) was performed on an n-type Si multilayer structure doped by phosphorus whose concentration ranges from 2×10 17 to 2×10 19 cm -3 . Three types of tips were used, i.e. fresh Pt/Ir coated tip, worn Pt/Ir coated tip and non-coated commercial Si tip. The use of fresh Pt/Ir coated tips produces SCM result in good agreement with the doping profile including the correct identification of the carrier type. In contrast, a worn Pt/Ir coated tip which has lost its metal coating and a non-coated tip will fail to recognize successfully the carrier type for phosphorus dopant concentration above 8×10 18 cm -3 (identifying as p instead of n) due to the tip depletion effect. These results alert us to carefully interpret the SCM results, especially in the case for identification of carrier type inside the sample of interest which is unknown. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

In-situ chemical analyses of trans-polyisoprene by histochemical staining and Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy in a rubber-producing plant, Eucommia ulmoides Oliver.

PubMed

Bamba, Takeshi; Fukusaki, Ei-Ichiro; Nakazawa, Yoshihisa; Kobayashi, Akio

2002-10-01

The localization of polyisoprene in young stem tissues of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver was investigated by histochemical staining and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) microspectroscopy. The fibrous structures were stained with Oil Red O. FT-IR microspectroscopic analysis proved that the fibrous structures were trans-polyisoprene. Granular structures stained with the dye, and characteristic absorptions at 2,960 cm(-1) and 1,430 cm(-1) in FT-IR suggested that trans-polyisoprene accumulated in the vicinity of the cambium layer. We have thus successfully shown for the first time the localization of trans-polyisoprene in plant tissues, and our histological investigation allowed us to presume the main sites of biosynthesis and accumulation of trans-rubber. Furthermore, a new technical approach, the preparation of sections using an electronic freezing unit and the in situ analysis of polyisoprene using FT-IR microspectroscopy, is demonstrated to be a promising method for determining the accumulation of polyisoprene as well as other metabolites.

Managing adverse effects of immunotherapy.

PubMed

Gerson, James N; Ramamurthy, Chethan; Borghaei, Hossein

2018-05-01

Remarkable efficacy has been achieved in a variety of cancer types by targeting immune checkpoints. The cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 inhibitor ipilimumab, the programmed death 1 inhibitors nivolumab and pembrolizumab, and the programmed death ligand 1 inhibitors atezolizumab, avelumab, and durvalumab are the agents currently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of certain advanced malignancies. These agents mark a departure from both standard cytotoxic chemotherapy and targeted therapy. However, they are associated with a unique set of immune-related adverse events (irAEs), which can manifest as a wide range of autoimmune phenomena. The irAEs can affect any system in the body and in rare cases are life-threatening. It is critical for the practicing medical oncologist to recognize and promptly treat any irAEs that may develop.

Identification of ground targets from airborne platforms

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Doe, Josh; Boettcher, Evelyn; Miller, Brian

2009-05-01

The US Army RDECOM CERDEC Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate (NVESD) sensor performance models predict the ability of soldiers to perform a specified military discrimination task using an EO/IR sensor system. Increasingly EO/IR systems are being used on manned and un-manned aircraft for surveillance and target acquisition tasks. In response to this emerging requirement, the NVESD Modeling and Simulation division has been tasked to compare target identification performance between ground-to-ground and air-to-ground platforms for both IR and visible spectra for a set of wheeled utility vehicles. To measure performance, several forced choice experiments were designed and administered and the results analyzed. This paper describes these experiments and reports the results as well as the NVTherm model calibration factors derived for the infrared imagery.

The evolution of the quasar continuum

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Elvis, M.

1992-01-01

We now have in hand a large data base of Roentgen Satellite (ROSAT), optical, and IR complementary data. We are in the process of obtaining a large amount of the International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) data for the same quasar sample. For our complementary sample at high redshifts, where the UV was redshifted into the optical, we have just had approved large amounts of observing time to cover the quasar continuum in the near-IR using the new Near-Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer (NICMOS) array spectrographs. Ten micron, optical, and VLA radio, data also have approved time. An ISO US key program was approved to extend this work into the far-IR, and the launch of ASTRO-D (early in 1993) promises to extend it to higher energy X-rays.

An Empirical Decomposition of Near-IR Emission into Galactic and Extragalactic Components

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dwek, Eli; Arendt, Richard G.

2002-01-01

We decompose the COBE/DIRBE observations of the near-IR sky brightness (minus zodiacal light) into Galactic stellar and interstellar medium (ISM) components and an extragalactic background. This empirical procedure allows us to estimate the 4.9 micron cosmic infrared background (CIB) as a function of the CIB intensity at shorter wavelengths. A weak indication of a rising CIB intensity at wavelengths greater than 3.5$ microns hints at interesting astrophysics in the CIB spectrum, or warns that the foreground zodiacal emission may be incompletely subtracted. Subtraction of only the stellar component from the zodiacal-light-subtracted all--sky map reveals the clearest 3.5 micron ISM emission map, which is found to be tightly correlated with the ISM emission at far-IR wavelengths.

Exchange bias and perpendicular anisotropy study of ultrathin Pt-Co-Pt-IrMn multilayers sputtered on float glass

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Laval, M.; Lüders, U.; Bobo, J. F.

2007-09-01

We have prepared ultrathin Pt-Co-Pt-IrMn polycrystalline multilayers on float-glass substrates by DC magnetron sputtering. We have determined the optimal set of thickness for both Pt layers, the Co layer and the IrMn biasing layer so that these samples exhibit at the same time out-of-plane magnetic anisotropy and exchange bias. Kerr microscopy domain structure imaging evidences an increase of nucleation rate accompanied with inhomogeneous magnetic behavior in the case of exchange-biased films compared to Pt-Co-Pt trilayers. Polar hysteresis loops are measured in obliquely applied magnetic field conditions, allowing us to determine both perpendicular anisotropy effective constant Keff and exchange-bias coupling JE, which are significantly different from the ones determined by standard switching field measurements.

22 CFR 203.4 - U.S. PVO initial documentation requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... copy of an IRS letter of tax exemption; (5) Audited financial statements for the most recent fiscal... an independent certified public accountant (CPA); an Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Circular A...

High Infrared Blocking Cellulose Film Based on Amorphous to Anatase Transition of TiO2 via Atomic Layer Deposition.

PubMed

Li, Wenbin; Li, Linfeng; Wu, Xi; Li, Junyu; Jiang, Lang; Yang, Hongjun; Ke, Guizhen; Cao, Genyang; Deng, Bo; Xu, Weilin

2018-06-27

A high IR-blocking cellulose film was designed based on an amorphous to anatase transition of TiO 2 using atomic layer deposition (ALD). This transition was realized at 250 °C, at which the cellulose is thermal stable. Optimized ALD condition of 250 °C and 1200 cycles give us an excellent heat insulator, which could significantly reduce the enclosed space temperature from 59.2 to 51.9 °C after exposure to IR lamp for 5 min.

Disruptive technology for vector control: the Innovative Vector Control Consortium and the US Military join forces to explore transformative insecticide application technology for mosquito control programmes.

PubMed

Knapp, Jennifer; Macdonald, Michael; Malone, David; Hamon, Nicholas; Richardson, Jason H

2015-09-26

Malaria vector control technology has remained largely static for decades and there is a pressing need for innovative control tools and methodology to radically improve the quality and efficiency of current vector control practices. This report summarizes a workshop jointly organized by the Innovative Vector Control Consortium (IVCC) and the Armed Forces Pest Management Board (AFPMB) focused on public health pesticide application technology. Three main topics were discussed: the limitations with current tools and techniques used for indoor residual spraying (IRS), technology innovation to improve efficacy of IRS programmes, and truly disruptive application technology beyond IRS. The group identified several opportunities to improve application technology to include: insuring all IRS programmes are using constant flow valves and erosion resistant tips; introducing compression sprayer improvements that help minimize pesticide waste and human error; and moving beyond IRS by embracing the potential for new larval source management techniques and next generation technology such as unmanned "smart" spray systems. The meeting served to lay the foundation for broader collaboration between the IVCC and AFPMB and partners in industry, the World Health Organization, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and others.

The Space Infrared Telescope for Cosmology and Astrophysics and Pending US Contribution

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bradford, Charles; SPICA Consortium; SAFARI Consortium

2017-01-01

SPICA is a cryogenic space-borne observatory designed for optimal sensitivity in the mid-infrared through submillimeter range: 17-250 microns. The mission is an ESA / JAXA collaboration, now under review in the ESA Cosmic Visions M5 opportunity, which has final approval in 2019, and launch in the late 2020 decade. SPICA will feature a 2.5-meter telescope cooled to below 8K, this offers the potential for 100-1000-fold advances in sensitivity beyond that obtained with Herschel and SOFIA in the far-IR. With a line sensitivity of ~5x10^-20 W/m^2 (1 h, 5 sigma), SPICA will be a complement to JWST and ALMA for deep spectroscopic observations. Integrated over cosmic history, star formation has occurred predominantly in dust-obscured regions which are inaccessible in the rest-frame UV and optical. Both the luminosity history and the detailed physics that govern it can only be directly measured in the mid-IR-submillimeter. Similarly, forming stars and planetary systems cool primarily through the far-IR. By taking advantage of the low-background platform, the SPICA instruments are designed for these investigations. The SPICA mid-IR instrument (SMI) will provide R~50 imaging spectroscopy and R~1,000 full-band slit-fed spectroscopy from 17 to 36 microns, with a high-resolution (R=25,000) capability from 12-18 microns. The SPICA far-IR instrument (SAFARI) will cover 34 to at least 250 microns with multiple R~300 wide-band grating spectrometer modules coupling to high-sensitivity far-IR detectors. A R~3,000 scanned-etalon module will also be available for Galactic targets with bright continua and/or dense line spectra. In the current SPICA division of responsibilities, ESA will take the lead role, provide the telescope, the fine-attitude sensor, and the spacecraft bus. JAXA will provide the cryogenic system, the SMI instrument, integrate the telescope and instruments, and provide the launch vehicle. The SAFARI instrument will be provided by a consortium funded by the European national agencies led by SRON. We highlight in this poster the far-IR detector and spectrometer contributions to SAFARI envisioned by our US team; this package is under review at NASA as a Mission of Opportunity.

Genetic variants specific to aging-related verbal memory: Insights from GWASs in a population-based cohort

PubMed Central

Mekli, Krisztina; McArdle, John J.; Armoskus, Chris; Knowles, James A.

2017-01-01

Verbal memory is typically studied using immediate recall (IR) and delayed recall (DR) scores, although DR is dependent on IR capability. Separating these components may be useful for deciphering the genetic variation in age-related memory abilities. This study was conducted to (a) construct individual trajectories in IR and independent aspects of delayed recall, or residualized-DR (rDR), across older adulthood; and (b) identify genetic markers that contribute to four estimated phenotypes: IR and rDR levels and changes after age 60. A cognitively intact sample (N = 20,650 with 125,164 observations) was drawn from the U.S. Health and Retirement Study, a nationally representative study of adults aged 50 and older. Mixed effects regression models were constructed using repeated measures from data collected every two years (1996–2012) to estimate level at age 60 and change in memory post-60 in IR and rDR. Genome-wide association scans (GWAS) were conducted in the genotypic subsample (N = 7,486) using ~1.2 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). One SNP (rs2075650) in TOMM40 associated with rDR level at the genome-wide level (p = 5.0x10-08), an effect that replicated in an independent sample from the English Longitudinal Study on Ageing (N = 6,898 with 41,328 observations). Meta-analysis of rDR level confirmed the association (p = 5.0x10-11) and identified two others in TOMM40 (rs71352238 p = 1.0x10-10; rs157582 p = 7.0x10-09), and one in APOE (rs769449 p = 3.1 x10-12). Meta-analysis of IR change identified associations with three of the same SNPs in TOMM40 (rs157582 p = 8.3x10-10; rs71352238 p = 1.9x10-09) and APOE (rs769449 p = 2.2x10-08). Conditional analyses indicate GWAS signals on rDR level were driven by APOE, whereas signals on IR change were driven by TOMM40. Additionally, we found that TOMM40 had effects independent of APOE e4 on both phenotypes. Findings from this first U.S. population-based GWAS study conducted on both age-related immediate and delayed verbal memory merit continued examination in other samples and additional measures of verbal memory. PMID:28800603

Mid-IR Plasmonics, Cavity Coupled Excitations, and IR Spectra of Individual Airborne Particulate Matter

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Luthra, Antriksh

With the advances in plasmonics, new fields have evolved involving the mixing of light with various states like Surface Plasmons (SPs), Surface Phonons (SPh), molecular emitters or resonators, and wavelength scale cavities. This work concentrates on the interaction of infrared (IR) light with SPs, cavity modes, and molecular vibrations. In the first chapter, the field of Plasmonics is introduced from a classical and a quantum mechanical perspective and a comparison of both is presented. In Chapter 2, the interaction of cavity modes with vibrations is discussed. Briefly, when IR light is illuminated upon an etalon, its fringes disperse as function of angle. If there is a dielectric in a cavity having a vibrational transition in the fringe region, it leads to a strong interaction that gives rise to a Rabi splitting. Data was obtained from collaborators at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) and a derivation for the dispersion of etalon cavity modes was carried out to model the peak positions of the fringes. In Chapter 3, the excitation of Surface Plasmons Polaritons (SPPs) on metal bi-gratings is discussed. The resonance condition occurs when the momentum of the IR light parallel to the surface plus the grating vector match the momentum of the SPP. Experiments were performed in the GammaX space (ky=0) and the resonance peak positions were modeled with SPP momentum matching equations. In Chapter 4, the application of plasmonics in the mid-IR frequency range that overlaps with the frequencies of molecular vibrations is explored. The plasmonic mesh has interesting optical properties, it focuses more light in the holes and that leads to an enhancement of the IR spectra of a particle trapped in the mesh hole. In this work, plasmonic mesh is used to study airborne particles that are usually difficult to study using FTIR spectroscopy due to strong Mie scattering effect. Respiring dust particles of 4 microns size has significant negative health consequences. Different environments pose different health hazards. Chemical insights of such dust collected from four very different environments: lab air, home air filter, the 11 September 2001 WTC event and the International Space Station is reported. These particles were collected by pumping air through plasmonic metal films with a 12.6 mum square lattice of 5 mum square holes, enabling us to record "scatter-free" IR absorption spectra of individual particles whose peaks reveal their IR active components. In Chapter 5, statistical methods such as single value decomposition (SVD) and support vector machine (SVM) informed with a Mie-Bruggeman model is presented, analyzing the spectral data from different dust environments.

Differences in the associations of anthropometric measures with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus between Korean and US populations: Comparisons of representative nationwide sample data.

PubMed

Yoon, Yeong Sook; Choi, Han Seok; Kim, Jin Kuk; Kim, Yu Il; Oh, Sang Woo

Variation among ethnic groups in the association between obesity and insulin resistance (IR)/diabetes has been suggested, but studies reported inconsistent results. We evaluated ethnic differences in the association between obesity and insulin resistance (IR)/diabetes. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using Korea (n=18,845) and the USA (n=4657) National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES) 2007-2010. We performed statistical comparisons of AUC-ROC (area under the curve in a receiver operating characteristic curve) values for body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) to predict IR or diabetes among different ethnic groups. AUC-ROC values for BMI and WC for predicting IR were highest in Whites (0.8324 and 0.8468) and lowest in Koreans (0.7422 and 0.7367). Whites showed the highest AUC-ROC values for BMI (0.6869) and WC (0.7421) for predicting diabetes, while the AUC-ROC for HOMA-IR was highest in Koreans (0.8861). Linear regression showed significant interactions between ethnicity and the main effects (all P<0.0001). Increases in BMI were associated with a larger increase in HOMA-IR in Whites (β=0.0719) and WC in Hispanics (β=0.0324), while BMI was associated with a larger increase in fasting glucose in Koreans (β=0.8279) and WC in Blacks (β=0.4037). In addition, the slope for fasting glucose with increasing HOMA-IR was steeper in Koreans (β=16.5952, P<0.001) than in other groups. The ability of BMI and WC to predict IR and diabetes was highest in Whites, while the ability of HOMA-IR to predict diabetes was highest in Koreans. Copyright © 2015 Asia Oceania Association for the Study of Obesity. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

77 FR 27272 - Environmental Impact Statement: Hamilton and Clermont Counties, OH

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-09

.... In the interim, new information came to light regarding the archaeological resources present in... highway and light rail improvements in the SR 32 corridor between US 50 and IR 275 in Hamilton and...

OT2_nflagey_2: Capturing missing evolved stars in the Galactic plane

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Flagey, N.

2011-09-01

We discovered more than 400 compact shells in the MIPSGAL 24 microns survey of the Galactic plane. About 15% of all these objects were already known as planetary nebulae, supernova remnants, Wolf-Rayet stars, and luminous blue variables. The unknown bubbles are expected to be envelopes of evolved stars that could account for the ``missing massive stars in the Galaxy. Indeed, recent spectroscopic follow-ups in the near-IR and mid-IR have revealed several dust-free planetary nebulae with very hot central white dwarf and significantly increased the number of WR and LBV candidates. Our OT1 Priority 1 proposal just provided us with a first observation in the PACS-SED B2A mode of one object, revealing only a strong [N II] 122 microns line. Without further spectral information, identification and modeling of the target are impossible. However, analysis of the PACS and SPIRE data from the HiGal survey has recently enabled us to measure much higher detection rates of the shells in the far-IR than with MIPS 70 microns. We are thus very confident that dust features and/or gas lines can be detected with the PACS and SPIRE spectrometers. Therefore, we request complementary PACS-SED B2B and SPIRE-FTS observations on our OT1 sample. The complete far-IR/submm spectrum of each target will allow its unequivocal identification thanks to comparison with spectra of known evolved stars from the MESS key program. We will also model with much detail the different phases of the envelopes, thanks to our expertise in circumstellar envelopes, dust models and photoionization codes.

Epitaxial hexagonal boron nitride on Ir(111): A work function template

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schulz, Fabian; Drost, Robert; Hämäläinen, Sampsa K.; Demonchaux, Thomas; Seitsonen, Ari P.; Liljeroth, Peter

2014-06-01

Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is a prominent member in the growing family of two-dimensional materials with potential applications ranging from being an atomically smooth support for other two-dimensional materials to templating growth of molecular layers. We have studied the structure of monolayer h-BN grown by chemical vapor deposition on Ir(111) by low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy (STS) experiments and state-of-the-art density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The lattice mismatch between the h-BN and Ir(111) surface results in the formation of a moiré superstructure with a periodicity of ˜29 Å and a corrugation of ˜0.4 Å. By measuring the field emission resonances above the h-BN layer, we find a modulation of the work function within the moiré unit cell of ˜0.5 eV. DFT simulations for a 13-on-12 h-BN/Ir(111) unit cell confirm our experimental findings and allow us to relate the change in the work function to the subtle changes in the interaction between boron and nitrogen atoms and the underlying substrate atoms within the moiré unit cell. Hexagonal boron nitride on Ir(111) combines weak topographic corrugation with a strong work function modulation over the moiré unit cell. This makes h-BN/Ir(111) a potential substrate for electronically modulated thin film and heterosandwich structures.

Chalcogenide glass waveguide-integrated black phosphorus mid-infrared photodetectors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Deckoff-Jones, Skylar; Lin, Hongtao; Kita, Derek; Zheng, Hanyu; Li, Duanhui; Zhang, Wei; Hu, Juejun

2018-04-01

Black phosphorus (BP) is a promising 2D material that has unique in-plane anisotropy and a 0.3 eV direct bandgap, making it an attractive material for mid-IR photodetectors. So far, waveguide integrated BP photodetectors have been limited to the near-IR on top of Si waveguides that are unable to account for BP’s crystalline orientation. In this work, we employ mid-IR transparent chalcogenide glass (ChG) both as a broadband mid-IR transparent waveguiding material to enable waveguide-integration of BP detectors, and as a passivation layer to prevent BP degradation during device processing as well as in ambient atmosphere post-fabrication. Our ChG-on-BP approach not only leads to the first demonstration of mid-IR waveguide-integrated BP detectors, but also allows us to fabricate devices along different crystalline axes of BP to investigate, for the first time, the impact of in-plane anisotropy on photoresponse of waveguide-integrated devices. The best device exhibits responsivity up to 40 mA W-1 and noise equivalent power as low as 30 pW Hz-1/2 at 2185 nm wavelength. We also found that photodetector responsivities changed by an order of magnitude with different BP orientations. This work validates BP as an effective photodetector material in the mid-IR, and demonstrates the power of the glass-on-2D-material platform for prototyping of 2D material photonic devices.

Inner retinal oxygen metabolism in the 50/10 oxygen-induced retinopathy model

PubMed Central

Soetikno, Brian T.; Yi, Ji; Shah, Ronil; Liu, Wenzhong; Purta, Patryk; Zhang, Hao F.; Fawzi, Amani A.

2015-01-01

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) represents a major cause of childhood vision loss worldwide. The 50/10 oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model mimics the findings of ROP, including peripheral vascular attenuation and neovascularization. The oxygen metabolism of the inner retina has not been previously explored in this model. Using visible-light optical coherence tomography (vis-OCT), we measured the oxygen saturation of hemoglobin and blood flow within inner retinal vessels, enabling us to compute the inner retinal oxygen delivery (irDO2) and metabolic rate of oxygen (irMRO2). We compared these measurements between age-matched room-air controls and rats with 50/10 OIR on postnatal day 18. To account for a 61% decrease in the irDO2 in the OIR group, we found an overall statistically significant decrease in retinal vascular density affecting the superficial and deep retinal vascular capillary networks in rats with OIR compared to controls. Furthermore, matching the reduced irDO2, we found a 59% decrease in irMRO2, which we correlated with a statistically significant reduction in retinal thickness in the OIR group, suggesting that the decreased irMRO2 was due to decreased neuronal oxygen utilization. By exploring these biological and metabolic changes in great detail, our study provides an improved understanding of the pathophysiology of OIR model. PMID:26576731

Extending the socio-sexual brain: arginine-vasopressin immunoreactive circuits in the telencephalon of mice.

PubMed

Otero-Garcia, Marcos; Martin-Sanchez, Ana; Fortes-Marco, Lluis; Martínez-Ricós, Joana; Agustin-Pavón, Carmen; Lanuza, Enrique; Martínez-García, Fernando

2014-05-01

Quantitative analysis of the immunoreactivity for arginine-vasopressin (AVP-ir) in the telencephalon of male (intact and castrated) and female CD1 mice allows us to precisely locate two sexually dimorphic (more abundant in intact than castrated males and females) AVP-ir cell groups in the posterior bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) and the amygdala. Chemoarchitecture (NADPH diaphorase) reveals that the intraamygdaloid AVP-ir cells are located in the intra-amygdaloid BST (BSTIA) rather than the medial amygdala (Me), as previously thought. Then, we have used for the first time tract tracing (combined with AVP immunofluorescence) and fiber-sparing lesions of the BST to analyze the projections of the telencephalic AVP-ir cell groups. The results demonstrate that the posterior BST originates the sexually dimorphic innervation of the lateral septum, the posterodorsal Me and a substance P-negative area in the medioventral striato-pallidum (mvStP).The BSTIA may also contribute to some of these terminal fields. Our material also reveals non-dimorphic AVP-ir processes in two locations of the amygdala. First, the ventral Me shows dendrite-like AVP-ir processes apparently belonging supraoptic neurons, whose possible functions are discussed. Second, the Ce shows sparse, thick AVP-ir axons with high individual variability in density and distribution, whose possible influence on stress coping in relation to the affiliative or agonistic behaviors mediated by the Me are discussed. Finally, we propose that the region of the mvStP showing sexually dimorphic AVP-ir innervation is part of the brain network for socio-sexual behavior, in which it would mediate motivational aspects of chemosensory-guided social interactions.

Autonomous long-range open area fire detection and reporting

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Engelhaupt, Darell E.; Reardon, Patrick J.; Blackwell, Lisa; Warden, Lance; Ramsey, Brian D.

2005-03-01

Approximately 5 billion dollars in US revenue was lost in 2003 due to open area fires. In addition many lives are lost annually. Early detection of open area fires is typically performed by manned observatories, random reporting and aerial surveillance. Optical IR flame detectors have been developed previously. They typically have experienced high false alarms and low flame detection sensitivity due to interference from solar and other causes. Recently a combination of IR detectors has been used in a two or three color mode to reduce false alarms from solar, or background sources. A combination of ultra-violet C (UVC) and near infra-red (NIR) detectors has also been developed recently for flame discrimination. Relatively solar-blind basic detectors are now available but typically detect at only a few tens of meters at ~ 1 square meter fuel flame. We quantify the range and solar issues for IR and visible detectors and qualitatively define UV sensor requirements in terms of the mode of operation, collection area issues and flame signal output by combustion photochemistry. We describe innovative flame signal collection optics for multiple wavelengths using UV and IR as low false alarm detection of open area fires at long range (8-10 km/m2) in daylight (or darkness). A circular array detector and UV-IR reflective and refractive devices including cylindrical or toroidal lens elements for the IR are described. The dispersion in a refractive cylindrical IR lens characterizes the fire and allows a stationary line or circle generator to locate the direction and different flame IR "colors" from a wide FOV. The line generator will produce spots along the line corresponding to the fire which can be discriminated with a linear detector. We demonstrate prototype autonomous sensors with RF digital reporting from various sites.

SAFER Under Vehicle Inspection Through Video Mosaic Building

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-01-01

this work were taken using a Polaris Wp-300c Lipstick video camera mounted on a mobile platform. Infrared video was taken using a Raytheon PalmIR PRO...Tank- Automotive Research, Development and Engineering Center, US Army RDECOM, Warren, Michigan, USA. Keywords Inspection, Road vehicles, State...security, Robotics Abstract The current threats to US security, both military and civilian, have led to an increased interest in the development of

Comparison of HOMA-IR, HOMA-β% and disposition index between US white men and Japanese men in Japan: the ERA JUMP study.

PubMed

Ahuja, Vasudha; Kadowaki, Takashi; Evans, Rhobert W; Kadota, Aya; Okamura, Tomonori; El Khoudary, Samar R; Fujiyoshi, Akira; Barinas-Mitchell, Emma J M; Hisamatsu, Takashi; Vishnu, Abhishek; Miura, Katsuyuki; Maegawa, Hiroshi; El-Saed, Aiman; Kashiwagi, Atsunori; Kuller, Lewis H; Ueshima, Hirotsugu; Sekikawa, Akira

2015-02-01

At the same level of BMI, white people have less visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and are less susceptible to developing type 2 diabetes than Japanese people. No previous population-based studies have compared insulin resistance and insulin secretion between these two races in a standardised manner that accounts for VAT. We compared HOMA-IR, HOMA of beta cell function (HOMA-β%) and disposition index (DI) in US white men and Japanese men in Japan. We conducted a population-based, cross-sectional study, comprising 298 white men and 294 Japanese men aged 40-49 years without diabetes. Insulin, glucose, VAT and other measurements were performed at the University of Pittsburgh. We used ANCOVA to compare geometric means of HOMA-IR, HOMA-β% and DI, adjusting for VAT and other covariates. White men had higher HOMA-IR, HOMA-β% and DI than Japanese men, and the difference remained significant (p < 0.01) after adjusting for VAT (geometric mean [95% CI]): 3.1 (2.9, 3.2) vs 2.5 (2.4, 2.6), 130.8 (124.6, 137.3) vs 86.7 (82.5, 91.0), and 42.4 (41.0, 44.0) vs 34.8 (33.6, 36.0), respectively. Moreover, HOMA-IR, HOMA-β% and DI were significantly higher in white men even after further adjustment for BMI, impaired fasting glucose and other risk factors. The higher VAT-adjusted DI in white men than Japanese men may partly explain lower susceptibility of white people than Japanese people to developing type 2 diabetes. The results, however, should be interpreted with caution because the assessment of insulin indices was made using fasting samples and adjustment was not made for baseline glucose tolerance. Further studies using formal methods to evaluate insulin indices are warranted.

Relativistic Electron Acceleration with Ultrashort Mid-IR Laser Pulses

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Feder, Linus; Woodbury, Daniel; Shumakova, Valentina; Gollner, Claudia; Miao, Bo; Schwartz, Robert; Pugžlys, Audrius; Baltuška, Andrius; Milchberg, Howard

2017-10-01

We report the first results of laser plasma wakefield acceleration driven by ultrashort mid-infrared laser pulses (λ = 3.9 μm , pulsewidth 100 fs, energy <20 mJ, peak power <1 TW), which enables near- and above-critical density interactions with moderate-density gas jets. We present thresholds for electron acceleration based on critical parameters for relativistic self-focusing and target width, as well as trends in the accelerated beam profiles, charge and energy spectra which are supported by 3D particle-in-cell simulations. These results extend earlier work with sub-TW self-modulated laser wakefield acceleration using near IR drivers to the Mid-IR, and enable us to capture time-resolved images of relativistic self-focusing of the laser pulse. This work supported by DOE (DESC0010706TDD, DESC0015516); AFOSR(FA95501310044, FA95501610121); NSF(PHY1535519); DHS.

76 FR 44658 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request for Form 1041-A

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-26

... 1041-A AGENCY: Internal Revenue Service (IRS), Treasury. ACTION: Notice and request for comments... Form 1041-A, U.S. Information Return-Trust Accumulation of Charitable Amounts. DATES: Written comments... Accumulation of Charitable Amounts. [[Page 44659

U.S. EPA, Pesticide Product Label, DUPONT MATRIX HERBICIDE, 06/26/2007

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

2011-04-14

... Q\\Vn tOflla~~~§~9:ir~~ts~~~~ ilJl~~tra ... purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris) Wild Radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) ... t See Specific Weed Problems 9 ...

HIgh-speed flickering and jet formation in GRS 1915+105

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lasso Cabrera, Nestor M.

In this dissertation we study the different phenomena of accretion and relativistic jet formation observed in the microquasar GRS 1915+105. Our final goal is to understand the processes producing the relativistic outflows, as well as their relation with the inflow mechanisms. Initially, we analyze X-ray emission (RXTE PCA and HEXTE) from GRS 1915+105 during and after an X-ray/radio plateau epoch. The high signal-to-noise levels in our observations allow the first published measurement of quasi-periodic oscillations (QPO) RMS values using RXTE/HEXTE data. We find that the spectral energy distribution of the QPO strongly indicates an origin in the hard non-thermal emission component, suggesting a second spectral component to the hard non-thermal X-ray emission. Given the association of the QPOs with the observed jet activity in GRS 1915+105, we suggest that this additional non-thermal X-ray spectral component may be directly linked to the relativistic jet formation process. We also analyze simultaneous X-ray (RXTE/PCA) and near-IR (Palomar 200-inch) observations from the microquasar GRS 1915+105 during two similar low/hard state epochs and two different high X-ray variability epochs -- X-ray classes alpha and beta. The X-ray to IR cross-correlation function (CCF) shows that both low/hard state observations as well as the class beta observations present little or null interaction between the X-ray and IR fluxes, while the class alpha observations present a strong correlation between the X-ray (inner accretion disk) and the IR (compact jet) light curves. We also use the X-ray to IR CCF to study the relative evolution of the two signals and find no significant evolutionary track in any of the epochs. Simulated IR light curves confirm the results of the CCF, showing a flickering IR emission during the class beta high X-ray variability period that strengthens ˜10 s after every X-ray subflare. The existence of a flickering IR emission with frequencies in the range 0.1 to 0.3 Hz that is strongly correlated with the X-ray emission allow us to place the origin of the IR emission in a synchrotron emitting relativistic jet with the IR launch site located at ˜0.02 AU from the accretion disk. These results will be especially relevant for constraining the current models of relativistic jet production in GRS 1915+105 and other microquasars. The second part of this work is dedicated to overcoming the limitation in the acquisition of high time resolution infrared data of microquasars. We introduce the Canarias InfraRed Camera Experiment (CIRCE), a new IR instrument for the 10-meter Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC). Among other properties, CIRCE is specifically designed for the observation of relativistic jet events in microquasars, and along with the capabilities of the GTC, will enable us to observe any microquasar in the J, H, and K IR bands, with a time resolution of ˜12 Hz and a signal-to-noise level never achieved before. We plan to use CIRCE in the future to confirm the final results of the jet production study of this dissertation. We present the electronics design of CIRCE, including the housekeeping electronics, the Logic Control Unit (LCU), and the readout electronics. We also present the result of the analysis of the image quality tests performed on the CIRCE optical system.

About possibility of temperature trace observing on the human skin using commercially available IR camera

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Trofimov, Vyacheslav A.; Trofimov, Vladislav V.; Shestakov, Ivan L.; Blednov, Roman G.

2016-09-01

One of urgent security problems is a detection of objects placed inside the human body. Obviously, for safety reasons one cannot use X-rays for such object detection widely and often. Three years ago, we have demonstrated principal possibility to see a temperature trace, induced by food eating or water drinking, on the human body skin by using a passive THz camera. However, this camera is very expensive. Therefore, for practice it will be very convenient if one can use the IR camera for this purpose. In contrast to passive THz camera using, the IR camera does not allow to see the object under clothing, if an image, produced by this camera, is used directly. Of course, this is a big disadvantage for a security problem solution based on the IR camera using. To overcome this disadvantage we develop novel approach for computer processing of IR camera images. It allows us to increase a temperature resolution of IR camera as well as increasing of human year effective susceptibility. As a consequence of this, a possibility for seeing of a human body temperature changing through clothing appears. We analyze IR images of a person, which drinks water and eats chocolate. We follow a temperature trace on human body skin, caused by changing of temperature inside the human body. Some experiments were made with measurements of a body temperature covered by T-shirt. Shown results are very important for the detection of forbidden objects, cancelled inside the human body, by using non-destructive control without using X-rays.

General characteristics and availability of Landsat 3 and heat capacity mapping mission thermal infrared data

USGS Publications Warehouse

Southworth, C. Scott

1983-01-01

Two satellite systems launched by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in 1978 carried sensors which operated in the thermal infrared (IR) region of the electromagnetic spectrum, The final IR radiation data provide spectral information about the physical properties of the Earth's surficial materials not duplicated in either the visible or reflective IR wavelength regions. Landsat 3, launched on March 5, 1978, contained a thermal sensor as part of the multispectral scanner (MSS) system. The sensor operated in the 10.4- to 12.6-?m (band 8) wavelength region and produced imagery with a ground resolution of approximately 235 m. Launched on April 26) 1978) the Heat Capacity Mapping Mission (HCMM) spacecraft carried a sensor, the heat capacity mapping radiometer (HCMR) which operated in the 10.5- to 12.5?m wavelength region and produced imagery with a ground resolution of approximately 600 m at nadir. The HCMM satellite acquired over 6,600 data passes of visible (0.55-1.1 ?m), as well as thermal IR data, over North America, Europe, and Australia. General characteristics and availability of Landsat 3 and HCMM thermal IR data are discussed. Landsat 3 reflected IR band 7 (0.55-1.1 ?m) and Landsat 3 band 8 thermal data acquired over the eastern and western United States are analyzed and compared with HCMM visible, thermal IR, thermal inertia, and day-night temperature difference imagery for geologic applications. Digitally processed and enhanced HCMM data (high-pass filters, diagonal derivatives, and band ratios), produced by the U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff) Ariz., are presented for geologic interpretation.

A comparative cost analysis of insecticide-treated nets and indoor residual spraying in highland Kenya.

PubMed

Guyatt, H L; Kinnear, J; Burini, M; Snow, R W

2002-06-01

The relative cost of indoor residual house-spraying (IRS) versus insecticide-treated bednets (ITNs) forms part of decisions regarding selective malaria prevention. This paper presents a cost comparison of these two approaches as recently implemented by Merlin, a UK emergency relief organization funded through international donor support and working in the highland districts of Gucha and Kisii in Kenya. The financial costs (cash expenditures) and the economic costs (including the opportunity costs of using existing staff and volunteers, and an annualized cost for capital items) were assessed. The financial cost for IRS was US dollars 0.86 per person protected, compared with 4.21 dollars for ITNs (reducing to 3.42 dollars to the provider assuming cost recovery). The economic cost per person protected for IRS was 0.88 dollars, compared with 2.34 dollars for ITNs. The costs for ITNs were sensitive to the number of nets sold per community group ('efficiency'), as the delivery costs constituted upwards of 40% of the total cost. However, even marked increases in efficiency of these groups could not reduce the costs of ITNs to that comparable with IRS, except if more than one cycle of IRS was needed. The implications of predicted reductions in the cost of insecticide for both IRS and ITNs are also explored. The provision of itemized cost data allows predictions to be made on changes in the design of these programmes. Under almost all design scenarios, IRS would appear to be a more cost-efficient means of vector control in the Kenyan highlands.

Strategic Studies Quarterly: An Air Force-Sponsored Strategic Forum for Military, Government, and Academic Professionals. Volume 2, Number 1

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-03-01

School of, la. \\ Ir . Blazejewski would like to thank Frank von Hippel and R. Scott Kemp for their comments on an earlier version of t is article. S< 5...example, - homas E Homer-Dixon, "Environmental Scarcities and Violent Conflict: Evidence from Cases," International Security 19, no. 1 (Summer 1994): 5...of AFRICOM. .3. Michael Clough, Free At Last? US Po/ity toward Africa and the h-nd oe’the Cold W" Ir (NcX York: Council on Foreign Relations Press

Risk of Herpes Zoster in Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases: Implications for Vaccination.

PubMed

Yun, Huifeng; Yang, Shuo; Chen, Lang; Xie, Fenglong; Winthrop, Kevin; Baddley, John W; Saag, Kenneth G; Singh, Jasvinder; Curtis, Jeffrey R

2016-09-01

The herpes zoster (HZ) vaccine is recommended for adults in the US ages ≥60 years who do not have weakened immune systems. It is unclear how the risk of HZ varies according to age and disease conditions in younger patients with autoimmune or inflammatory (AI) diseases. This study was undertaken to evaluate the age-stratified incidence of HZ in patients with AI diseases as compared to older adults for whom the HZ vaccine is currently recommended by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Using linked data obtained from patients who were insured by US commercial and government health care plans during the period 2007-2010, 7 cohorts of patients with AI diseases were assembled: systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), psoriasis (PsO), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and gout. Two comparator cohorts were also assembled as controls: adult patients with diabetes and adult subjects without AI diseases or diabetic conditions. HZ was identified using diagnostic codes. Age-specific incidence rates (IRs) of HZ were calculated and compared to the IRs of HZ in control subjects ages 61-70 years who were without AI diseases or diabetic conditions. After review of the linked data, the following number of enrollment periods were identified: 8,395 for patients with SLE, 7,916 for patients with IBD, 50,646 for patients with RA, 2,629 for patients with PsA, 4,299 for patients with PsO, 1,019 for patients with AS, 58,934 for patients with gout, 214,631 for control patients with diabetes, and 330,727 for control subjects without AI diseases and diabetic conditions. The respective highest and lowest IRs of HZ during the study were 19.9 per 1,000 person-years in the SLE cohort and 6.8 per 1,000 person-years in the gout cohort, as compared to an IR of 5.3 per 1,000 person-years in control subjects without AI diseases or diabetic conditions. The age-specific IRs of HZ in patients with RA and those with SLE ages ≥40 years were 1.5-2 times greater than those observed in older healthy adults (IR 8.5 per 1,000 person-years), for whom the vaccine is currently recommended. SLE, IBD, and RA are AI diseases associated with a higher risk of HZ compared to that in older adults for whom vaccination is currently recommended, suggesting that individuals with these conditions who are as young as age 40 years could potentially benefit from the HZ vaccine. © 2016, American College of Rheumatology.

76 FR 68841 - New Markets Tax Credit Program

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-07

... DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY Community Development Financial Institutions Fund New Markets Tax Credit Program AGENCY: Community Development Financial Institutions Fund, U.S. Department of the Treasury... Financial Institutions Fund (CDFI Fund) and the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). All materials submitted will...

78 FR 64063 - Open Meeting of the Taxpayer Advocacy Panel Joint Committee

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-25

... (515) 564-6638 or write: TAP Office, 210 Walnut Street, Stop 5115, Des Moines, IA 50309 or contact us... submission to the IRS and other TAP related topics. Public input is welcomed. Dated: October 21, 2013. Otis...

Local structural aspects of metal-metal transition in IrTe2 from x-ray PDF

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yu, Runze; Abeykoon, Milinda; Zhou, Haidong; Yin, Weiguo; Bozin, Emil S.

Evolution of local atomic structure across the metal-metal transition in IrTe2 is explored by pair distribution function (PDF) analysis of x-ray total scattering data over 80 K

Surface plasmon dispersion in a mid-infrared Ge/Si quantum dot photodetector coupled with a perforated gold metasurface

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yakimov, A. I.; Kirienko, V. V.; Armbrister, V. A.; Bloshkin, A. A.; Dvurechenskii, A. V.

2018-04-01

The photodetection improvement previously observed in mid-infrared (IR) quantum dot photodetectors (QDIPs) coupled with periodic metal metasurfaces is usually attributed to the surface light trapping and confinement due to generation of surface plasmon waves (SPWs). In the present work, a Ge/Si QDIP integrated with a metal plasmonic structure is fabricated to experimentally measure the photoresponse enhancement and verify that this enhancement is caused by the excitation of the mid-IR surface plasmons. A 50 nm-thick gold film perforated with a 1.2 μm-period two-dimensional square array of subwavelength holes is employed as a plasmonic coupler to convert the incident electromagnetic IR radiation into SPWs. Measurements of the polarization and angular dependencies of the photoresponse allow us to determine the dispersion of plasmon modes. We find that experimental dispersion relations agree well with that derived from a computer simulation for fundamental plasmon resonance, which indicates that the photodetection improvement in the mid-IR spectral region is actually caused by the excitations of surface plasmon Bloch waves.

Ethylene polymerization on a SiH4-modified Phillips catalyst: detection of in situ produced α-olefins by operando FT-IR spectroscopy.

PubMed

Barzan, Caterina; Groppo, Elena; Quadrelli, Elsje Alessandra; Monteil, Vincent; Bordiga, Silvia

2012-02-21

Ethylene polymerization on a model Cr(II)/SiO(2) Phillips catalyst modified with gas phase SiH(4) leads to a waxy product containing a bimodal MW distribution of α-olefins (M(w) < 3000 g mol(-1)) and a highly branched polyethylene, LLDPE (M(w) ≈ 10(5) g mol(-1), T(m) = 123 °C), contrary to the unmodified catalyst which gives a linear and more dense PE, HDPE (M(w) = 86,000 g mol(-1) (PDI = 7), T(m) = 134 °C). Pressure and temperature resolved FT-IR spectroscopy under operando conditions (T = 130-230 K) allows us to detect α-olefins, and in particular 1-hexene and 1-butene (characteristic IR absorption bands at 3581-3574, 1638 and 1598 cm(-1)) as intermediate species before their incorporation in the polymer chains. The polymerization rate is estimated, using time resolved FT-IR spectroscopy, to be 7 times higher on the SiH(4)-modified Phillips catalyst with respect to the unmodified one.

A reliable confirmation of the chemical structure of synthetic oligonucleotides: Detection of active protons in DNA oligomers by low-temperature FT infrared spectroscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rozenberg, M.; Shoham, G.

2009-01-01

Cooling the samples allowed us to characterize solid oligonucleotides such as dimers, trimers and pentamers of cytidine, for the first time, in the IR range of the out-of-plane bending molecular modes (1000-400 cm -1) at 20 K. Especially interesting are the narrow IR bands of the out-of-plane bending ν4 NH 2 proton mode, which are apparently invisible at room temperature. This unequivocally defined and well-resolved NH 2 bending band should provide important information on the exact chemical form and hydrogen bonding interactions of cytidine amine groups. As such, this unique IR spectroscopy is suggested as a practical analytical tool to validate and characterize synthetic DNA bases and oligonucleotides. Using an approach of this type it was found that desalted oligonucleotide samples of the same nominal composition, but which had been produced by three different manufacturers, differ significantly in their IR spectra. These data suggest that the presumably identical oligonucleotides are in fact different, at least with respect to the content and nature of their NH protons.

A reliable confirmation of the chemical structure of synthetic oligonucleotides: detection of active protons in DNA oligomers by low-temperature FT infrared spectroscopy.

PubMed

Rozenberg, M; Shoham, G

2009-01-01

Cooling the samples allowed us to characterize solid oligonucleotides such as dimers, trimers and pentamers of cytidine, for the first time, in the IR range of the out-of-plane bending molecular modes (1000-400 cm(-1)) at 20K. Especially interesting are the narrow IR bands of the out-of-plane bending nu(4) NH(2) proton mode, which are apparently invisible at room temperature. This unequivocally defined and well-resolved NH(2) bending band should provide important information on the exact chemical form and hydrogen bonding interactions of cytidine amine groups. As such, this unique IR spectroscopy is suggested as a practical analytical tool to validate and characterize synthetic DNA bases and oligonucleotides. Using an approach of this type it was found that desalted oligonucleotide samples of the same nominal composition, but which had been produced by three different manufacturers, differ significantly in their IR spectra. These data suggest that the presumably identical oligonucleotides are in fact different, at least with respect to the content and nature of their NH protons.

Modeling IR SED of AGN with Spitzer and Herschel data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Feltre, A.

2012-12-01

One of the remaining open issues in the context of the analysis of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) is the evidence that nuclear gravitational accretion is often accompanied by a concurrent starburst (SB) activity. What is, in this picture, the role played by the obscur- ing dust around the nucleus and what do the state of the art AGN torus models have to say? Can the IR data provided by Spitzer and Herschel help us in extensively investigate both phenomena and, if so, how and with what limitations? In this paper we present our contribution to the efforts of answering these questions. We show some of the main results coming from a comparative study of various AGN SED modeling approaches, focusing mostly on the much-debated issue about the morphology of the dust distribution in the toroidal structure surrounding the AGN. We found that the properties of dust in AGN as measured by matching observations (be it broad band IR photometry or IR spectra) with models, strongly depend on the choice of the dust distribution. Then, we present the spec- tral energy distribution (SED) fitting procedure we developed, making make the best use of Spitzer and Herschel SPIRE mid- and far-IR observations, to dig into the role played by the possible presence of an AGN on the host galaxy's properties.

Electrodynamics of the nodal metal state in weakly doped high- Tc cuprates

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, Y. S.; Segawa, Kouji; Li, Z. Q.; Padilla, W. J.; Dumm, M.; Dordevic, S. V.; Homes, C. C.; Ando, Yoichi; Basov, D. N.

2005-08-01

We report on the detailed analysis of the infrared (IR) conductivity of two prototypical high- Tc systems YBa2Cu3Oy and La2-xSrxCuO4 throughout the complex phase diagram of these compounds. Our focus in this work is to thoroughly document the electromagnetic response of the nodal metal state which is initiated with only a few holes doped in parent antiferromagnetic systems and extends up to the pseudogap boundary in the phase diagram. The key signature of the nodal metal is the two-component conductivity: the Drude mode at low energies followed by a resonance in mid-IR. The Drude component can be attributed to the response of coherent quasiparticles residing on the Fermi arcs detected in photoemission experiments. The microscopic origin of the mid-IR band is yet to be understood. A combination of transport and IR data uncovers fingerprints of the Fermi liquid behavior in the response of the nodal metal. The comprehensive nature of the data sets presented in this work allows us to critically re-evaluate common approaches to the interpretation of the optical data. Specifically we re-examine the role of magnetic excitations in generating electronic self-energy effects through the analysis of the IR data in a high magnetic field.

The Bauschinger and Hardening Effects on Residual Stresses in an Autofrettaged Thick-Walled Cylinder

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-06-01

8217Large Caliber Weapon3 Systems Labrra-ory 1ý’ NUBE OF PAGES Dover, 1.7)70 14 "NITOING AGENCY N XME: A ADDRF!SS(Ir -ditI.. fromI Controlling Office. IS...US ARMY AMCCOM COMMANDER ATTN: DRSMC-LC(D) 1 US ARMY TANK-AUTMV COMD DRSMC-LCE(D) I ATTN: DRSTA-RC DRSMC-LCM(D) ( BLDC 321) 1 WARREN, MI 48090 DRSMC-LCS

Greater flavonoid intake is associated with improved CVD risk factors in US adults.

PubMed

Kim, Kijoon; Vance, Terrence M; Chun, Ock K

2016-04-01

Epidemiological studies have reported that diets high in flavonoids are associated with a reduced risk of CVD. However, evidence on the association of dietary flavonoid intake with CVD risk factors is still scarce. The present study aimed to investigate the association of dietary flavonoid intake with CVD risk factors among US adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2012. A total of 4042 US adults aged 19 years and older from the NHANES 2007-2012 participated in this cross-sectional, population-based study. Intakes of total and individual flavonoids were estimated from 2-d 24-h diet recall data by matching with the expanded US Department of Agriculture flavonoid, isoflavone and proanthocyanidin databases. After adjusting for covariates, increased HDL-cholesterol was associated with higher total flavonoid intake (0·54 % change). TAG and TAG:HDL-cholesterol ratio were inversely associated with anthocyanidin (-1·25 % change for TAG; -1·60 % change for TAG:HDL-cholesterol ratio) and total flavonoid intakes (-1·31 % change for TAG; -1·83 % change for TAG:HDL-cholesterol ratio), respectively. Insulin and homoeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were inversely associated with flavone (for insulin, -3·18 % change; 95 % CI -5·85, -0·44; for HOMA-IR, -3·10 % change; 95 % CI -5·93, -0·19) and isoflavone intakes (for insulin, -3·11 % change; 95 % CI -5·46, -0·70; for HOMA-IR, -4·01 % change; 95 % CI -6·67, -1·27). BMI was negatively associated with anthocyanidin intake (-0·60 % change). This study showed that higher flavonoid intake was associated with improved CVD risk factors. Further research is warranted to confirm the findings from this study as these associations were moderate in strength.

The Infrared Sensor Suite for SnowEx 2017

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hall, D. K.; Chickadel, C. C.; Crawford, C. J.; DeMarco, E. L.; Jennings, D. E.; Jhabvala, M. D.; Kim, E. J.; Lundquist, J. D.; Lunsford, A. W.

2017-01-01

SnowEx is a winter airborne and field campaign designed to measure snow-water equivalent in forested landscapes. A major focus of Year 1 (2016-17) of NASA's SnowEx campaign will be an extensive field program involving dozens of participants from U.S. government agencies and from many universities and institutions, both domestic and foreign. Along with other instruments, two infrared (IR) sensors will be flown on a Naval Research Laboratory P-3 aircraft. Surface temperature is a critical input to hydrologic models and will be measured during the SnowEx mission. A Quantum Well Infrared Photodetector (QWIP) IR imaging camera system will be flown along with a KT-15 remote thermometer to aid in the calibration of the IR image data. Together, these instruments will measure surface temperature of snow and ice targets to an expected accuracy of less than 1C.

Relationship between insulin resistance-associated metabolic parameters and anthropometric measurements with sugar-sweetened beverage intake and physical activity levels in US adolescents: findings from the 1999-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

PubMed

Bremer, Andrew A; Auinger, Peggy; Byrd, Robert S

2009-04-01

To evaluate the relationship between insulin resistance-associated metabolic parameters and anthropometric measurements with sugar-sweetened beverage intake and physical activity levels. A cross-sectional analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data collected by the National Center for Health Statistics. Nationally representative samples of US adolescents participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey during the years 1999-2004. A total of 6967 adolescents aged 12 to 19 years. Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and physical activity levels. Glucose and insulin concentrations, a homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), total, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations, triglyceride concentrations, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, waist circumference, and body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) percentile for age and sex. Multivariate linear regression analyses showed that increased sugar-sweetened beverage intake was independently associated with increased HOMA-IR, systolic blood pressure, waist circumference, and body mass index percentile for age and sex and decreased HDL cholesterol concentrations; alternatively, increased physical activity levels were independently associated with decreased HOMA-IR, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations, and triglyceride concentrations and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. Furthermore, low sugar-sweetened beverage intake and high physical activity levels appear to modify each others' effects of decreasing HOMA-IR and triglyceride concentrations and increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. Sugar-sweetened beverage intake and physical activity levels are each independently associated with insulin resistance-associated metabolic parameters and anthropometric measurements in adolescents. Moreover, low sugar-sweetened beverage intake and high physical activity levels appear to modify each others' effects on several health-related outcome variables.

Prevalence of Suspected Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease In Lean Adolescents In The United States.

PubMed

Selvakumar, Praveen Kumar Conjeevaram; Kabbany, Mohammad Nasser; Lopez, Rocio; Rayas, Maria S; Lynch, Jane L; Alkhouri, Naim

2018-03-21

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) can develop in lean subjects referred to as lean NAFLD. We aim to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of NAFLD in lean adolescents in the United States (US). Cross sectional data from 1482 lean subjects (body mass index < 85 percentile) aged between 12 and 18 years, who were enrolled in the National Health and Examination Survey during the 2005-2014 cycles were included. We defined suspected NAFLD as alanine aminotransferase > 25.8 U/L for boys and > 22.1 U/L for girls; hypertriglyceridemia as triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL; low HDL as HDL < 40 mg/dL and insulin resistance (IR) as homeostatic model assessment of IR ≥ 3. The mean weighted prevalence of suspected NAFLD among lean adolescents during 2005-2014 cycles was 8% (95% CI: 6.2, 9.9). Lean subjects with suspected NAFLD were significantly older compared to lean non-NAFLD subjects (15.5 vs. 15 years, p-value < 0.05). Low HDL (15.5% vs. 6.8%; p-value 0.016) and hypertriglyceridemia (10% vs. 3.9%; p-value 0.028) were also found to be more common among lean NAFLD subjects compared to their non-NAFLD counterparts. Presence of IR increased the risk of having suspected NAFLD by 4-fold among lean adolescents. Non-Hispanic black lean adolescents were less likely to have suspected NAFLD compared to non-Hispanic white lean adolescents. The estimated prevalence of suspected NAFLD among lean adolescents in the US was found to be 8% with evidence of metabolic derangements such as low HDL, hypertriglyceridemia and IR.

Deciphering IR Excess Observed by the Spitzer Space Telescope in Short Period Interacting Cataclysmic Binaries

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chun, Howard; Brinkworth, Carolyn; Ciardi, David; Hoard, Don; Howell, Steve; Stefaniak, Linda; Thomas, Beth

2006-03-01

During the first year of the Spitzer Space Telescope Observing Program for Students and Teachers, our team observed a small sample of short orbital period interacting white dwarf binaries. Our scientific investigation was aimed at detection and characterization of the low mass, cool, brown dwarf-like mass donors in these systems. We used the Infrared Array Camera to obtain photometric observations of the polars EF Eri, GG Leo, V347 Pav, and RX J0154.0-5947 at 3.6, 4.5, 5.8, and 8.0 microns. In all our targets, we detected excess emission in the 3-8 micron region over that expected from a brown dwarf alone. One of the exciting discoveries we made with our IRAC observations is that the star EF Eri was found to be unexpectedly bright in the mid-IR (compared to its 2MASS magnitudes). This fact highlights an opportunity for us to observe EF Eri with the IRS as a follow-up proposal. EF Eri has a flux level of ~700 ?Jy at 8 microns. Thus, we are asking for time to obtain IRS data for only this star, our brightest source. We plan to obtain SL1 (7.4-14.5 microns) and SL2 (5.2-8.7 microns) spectroscopy only. We know the IRAC fluxes so our integration toies are well constrained and the spectral region covered by SL1, SL2 will yield sufficient S/N to differentiate between cool dust (rising BB like spectrum with PAH and other molecular features allowing us to determine dust size, temperature, and disk extent) and a T type dwarf showing characteristic spectral signatures and a falling Rayleigh-Jeans tail.

Secondary Structures in Phe-Containing Isolated Dipeptide Chains: Laser Spectroscopy vs Quantum Chemistry.

PubMed

Loquais, Yohan; Gloaguen, Eric; Habka, Sana; Vaquero-Vara, Vanesa; Brenner, Valérie; Tardivel, Benjamin; Mons, Michel

2015-06-11

The intrinsic conformational landscape of two phenylalanine-containing protein chain models (-Gly-Phe- and -Ala-Phe- sequences) has been investigated theoretically and experimentally in the gas phase. The near UV spectroscopy (first ππ* transition of the Phe ring) is obtained experimentally under jet conditions where the conformational features can be resolved. Single-conformation IR spectroscopy in the NH stretch region is then obtained by IR/UV double resonance in the ground state, leading to resolved vibrational spectra that are assigned in terms of conformation and H-bonding content from comparison with quantum chemistry calculations. For the main conformer, whose UV spectrum exhibits a significant Franck-Condon activity in low frequency modes involving peptide backbone motions relative to the Phe chromophore, excited state IR spectroscopy has also been recorded in a UV/IR/UV experiment. The NH stretch spectral changes observed in such a ππ* labeling experiment enable us to determine those NH bonds that are coupled to the phenyl ring; they are compared to CC2 excited state calculations to quantify the geometry change upon ππ* excitation. The complete and consistent series of data obtained enable us to propose an unambiguous assignment for the gallery of conformers observed and to demonstrate that, in these two sequences, three conceptually important local structural motifs of proteins (β-strands, 27 ribbons, and β-turns) are represented. The satisfactory agreement between the experimental conformational distribution and the predicted landscape anticipated from the DFT-D approach demonstrates the capabilities of a theoretical method that accounts for dispersive interactions. It also shows that the flaws, inherent to a resonant two-photon ionization detection scheme, often evoked for aromatic chromophores, do not seem to be significant in the case of Phe.

The Effect of Indoor Residual Spraying on the Prevalence of Malaria Parasite Infection, Clinical Malaria and Anemia in an Area of Perennial Transmission and Moderate Coverage of Insecticide Treated Nets in Western Kenya

PubMed Central

Gimnig, John E.; Otieno, Peter; Were, Vincent; Marwanga, Doris; Abong’o, Daisy; Wiegand, Ryan; Williamson, John; Wolkon, Adam; Zhou, Ying; Bayoh, M. Nabie; Lobo, Neil F.; Laserson, Kayla; Kariuki, Simon; Hamel, Mary J.

2016-01-01

Background Insecticide treated nets (ITNs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) have been scaled up for malaria prevention in sub-Saharan Africa. However, there are few studies on the benefit of implementing IRS in areas with moderate to high coverage of ITNs. We evaluated the impact of an IRS program on malaria related outcomes in western Kenya, an area of intense perennial malaria transmission and moderate ITN coverage (55–65% use of any net the previous night). Methods The Kenya Division of Malaria Control, with support from the US President’s Malaria Initiative, conducted IRS in one lowland endemic district with moderate coverage of ITNs. Surveys were conducted in the IRS district and a neighboring district before IRS, after one round of IRS in July-Sept 2008 and after a second round of IRS in April-May 2009. IRS was conducted with pyrethroid insecticides. At each survey, 30 clusters were selected for sampling and within each cluster, 12 compounds were randomly selected. The primary outcomes measured in all residents of selected compounds included malaria parasitemia, clinical malaria (P. falciparum infection plus history of fever) and anemia (Hb<8) of all residents in randomly selected compounds. At each survey round, individuals from the IRS district were matched to those from the non-IRS district using propensity scores and multivariate logistic regression models were constructed based on the matched dataset. Results At baseline and after one round of IRS, there were no differences between the two districts in the prevalence of malaria parasitemia, clinical malaria or anemia. After two rounds of IRS, the prevalence of malaria parasitemia was 6.4% in the IRS district compared to 16.7% in the comparison district (OR = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.22–0.59, p<0.001). The prevalence of clinical malaria was also lower in the IRS district (1.8% vs. 4.9%, OR = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.20–0.68, p = 0.001). The prevalence of anemia was lower in the IRS district but only in children under 5 years of age (2.8% vs. 9.3%, OR = 0.30, 95% CI = 0.13–0.71, p = 0.006). Multivariate models incorporating both IRS and ITNs indicated that both had an impact on malaria parasitemia and clinical malaria but the independent effect of ITNs was reduced in the district that had received two rounds of IRS. There was no statistically significant independent effect of ITNs on the prevalence of anemia in any age group. Conclusions Both IRS and ITNs are effective tools for reducing malaria burden and when implemented in an area of moderate to high transmission with moderate ITN coverage, there may be an added benefit of IRS. The value of adding ITNs to IRS is less clear as their benefits may be masked by IRS. Additional monitoring of malaria control programs that implement ITNs and IRS concurrently is encouraged to better understand how to maximize the benefits of both interventions, particularly in the context of increasing pyrethroid resistance. PMID:26731524

Food price and diet and health outcomes: 20 years of the CARDIA Study.

PubMed

Duffey, Kiyah J; Gordon-Larsen, Penny; Shikany, James M; Guilkey, David; Jacobs, David R; Popkin, Barry M

2010-03-08

Despite surging interest in taxation as a policy to address poor food choice, US research directly examining the association of food prices with individual intake is scarce. This 20-year longitudinal study included 12 123 respondent days from 5115 participants in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study. Associations between food price, dietary intake, overall energy intake, weight, and homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) scores were assessed using conditional log-log and linear regression models. The real price (inflated to 2006 US dollars) of soda and pizza decreased over time; the price of whole milk increased. A 10% increase in the price of soda or pizza was associated with a -7.12% (95% confidence interval [CI], -63.50 to -10.71) or -11.5% (95% CI, -17.50 to -5.50) change in energy from these foods, respectively. A $1.00 increase in soda price was also associated with lower daily energy intake (-124 [95% CI, -198 to -50] kcal), lower weight (-1.05 [95% CI, -1.80 to -0.31] kg), and lower HOMA-IR score (0.42 [95% CI, -0.60 to -0.23]); similar trends were observed for pizza. A $1.00 increase in the price of both soda and pizza was associated with greater changes in total energy intake (-181.49 [95% CI, -247.79 to -115.18] kcal), body weight (-1.65 [95% CI, -2.34 to 0.96] kg), and HOMA-IR (-0.45 [95% CI, -0.59 to -0.31]). Policies aimed at altering the price of soda or away-from-home pizza may be effective mechanisms to steer US adults toward a more healthful diet and help reduce long-term weight gain or insulin levels over time.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Adam, R.; Ade, P. A. R.; Aghanim, N.

Although infrared (IR) overall dust emission from clusters of galaxies has been statistically detected using data from the Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS), it has not been possible to sample the spectral energy distribution (SED) of this emission over its peak, and thus to break the degeneracy between dust temperature and mass. By complementing the IRAS spectral coverage with Planck satellite data from 100 to 857 GHz, we provide in this paper new constraints on the IR spectrum of thermal dust emission in clusters of galaxies. We achieve this by using a stacking approach for a sample of several hundred objectsmore » from the Planck cluster sample. This procedure averages out fluctuations from the IR sky, allowing us to reach a significant detection of the faint cluster contribution. We also use the large frequency range probed by Planck, together with component-separation techniques, to remove the contamination from both cosmic microwave background anisotropies and the thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect (tSZ) signal, which dominate at ν ≤ 353 GHz. By excluding dominant spurious signals or systematic effects, averaged detections are reported at frequencies 353 GHz ≤ ν ≤ 5000 GHz. We confirm the presence of dust in clusters of galaxies at low and intermediate redshifts, yielding an SED with a shape similar to that of the Milky Way. Planck’s resolution does not allow us to investigate the detailed spatial distribution of this emission (e.g. whether it comes from intergalactic dust or simply the dust content of the cluster galaxies), but the radial distribution of the emission appears to follow that of the stacked SZ signal, and thus the extent of the clusters. Finally, the recovered SED allows us to constrain the dust mass responsible for the signal and its temperature.« less

Planck intermediate results. XLIII. Spectral energy distribution of dust in clusters of galaxies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Planck Collaboration; Adam, R.; Ade, P. A. R.; Aghanim, N.; Ashdown, M.; Aumont, J.; Baccigalupi, C.; Banday, A. J.; Barreiro, R. B.; Bartolo, N.; Battaner, E.; Benabed, K.; Benoit-Lévy, A.; Bersanelli, M.; Bielewicz, P.; Bikmaev, I.; Bonaldi, A.; Bond, J. R.; Borrill, J.; Bouchet, F. R.; Burenin, R.; Burigana, C.; Calabrese, E.; Cardoso, J.-F.; Catalano, A.; Chiang, H. C.; Christensen, P. R.; Churazov, E.; Colombo, L. P. L.; Combet, C.; Comis, B.; Couchot, F.; Crill, B. P.; Curto, A.; Cuttaia, F.; Danese, L.; Davis, R. J.; de Bernardis, P.; de Rosa, A.; de Zotti, G.; Delabrouille, J.; Désert, F.-X.; Diego, J. M.; Dole, H.; Doré, O.; Douspis, M.; Ducout, A.; Dupac, X.; Elsner, F.; Enßlin, T. A.; Finelli, F.; Forni, O.; Frailis, M.; Fraisse, A. A.; Franceschi, E.; Galeotta, S.; Ganga, K.; Génova-Santos, R. T.; Giard, M.; Giraud-Héraud, Y.; Gjerløw, E.; González-Nuevo, J.; Górski, K. M.; Gregorio, A.; Gruppuso, A.; Gudmundsson, J. E.; Hansen, F. K.; Harrison, D. L.; Hernández-Monteagudo, C.; Herranz, D.; Hildebrandt, S. R.; Hivon, E.; Hobson, M.; Hornstrup, A.; Hovest, W.; Hurier, G.; Jaffe, A. H.; Jaffe, T. R.; Jones, W. C.; Keihänen, E.; Keskitalo, R.; Khamitov, I.; Kisner, T. S.; Kneissl, R.; Knoche, J.; Kunz, M.; Kurki-Suonio, H.; Lagache, G.; Lähteenmäki, A.; Lamarre, J.-M.; Lasenby, A.; Lattanzi, M.; Lawrence, C. R.; Leonardi, R.; Levrier, F.; Liguori, M.; Lilje, P. B.; Linden-Vørnle, M.; López-Caniego, M.; Macías-Pérez, J. F.; Maffei, B.; Maggio, G.; Mandolesi, N.; Mangilli, A.; Maris, M.; Martin, P. G.; Martínez-González, E.; Masi, S.; Matarrese, S.; Melchiorri, A.; Mennella, A.; Migliaccio, M.; Miville-Deschênes, M.-A.; Moneti, A.; Montier, L.; Morgante, G.; Mortlock, D.; Munshi, D.; Murphy, J. A.; Naselsky, P.; Nati, F.; Natoli, P.; Nørgaard-Nielsen, H. U.; Novikov, D.; Novikov, I.; Oxborrow, C. A.; Pagano, L.; Pajot, F.; Paoletti, D.; Pasian, F.; Perdereau, O.; Perotto, L.; Pettorino, V.; Piacentini, F.; Piat, M.; Plaszczynski, S.; Pointecouteau, E.; Polenta, G.; Ponthieu, N.; Pratt, G. W.; Prunet, S.; Puget, J.-L.; Rachen, J. P.; Rebolo, R.; Reinecke, M.; Remazeilles, M.; Renault, C.; Renzi, A.; Ristorcelli, I.; Rocha, G.; Rosset, C.; Rossetti, M.; Roudier, G.; Rubiño-Martín, J. A.; Rusholme, B.; Santos, D.; Savelainen, M.; Savini, G.; Scott, D.; Stolyarov, V.; Stompor, R.; Sudiwala, R.; Sunyaev, R.; Sutton, D.; Suur-Uski, A.-S.; Sygnet, J.-F.; Tauber, J. A.; Terenzi, L.; Toffolatti, L.; Tomasi, M.; Tristram, M.; Tucci, M.; Valenziano, L.; Valiviita, J.; Van Tent, F.; Vielva, P.; Villa, F.; Wade, L. A.; Wehus, I. K.; Yvon, D.; Zacchei, A.; Zonca, A.

2016-12-01

Although infrared (IR) overall dust emission from clusters of galaxies has been statistically detected using data from the Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS), it has not been possible to sample the spectral energy distribution (SED) of this emission over its peak, and thus to break the degeneracy between dust temperature and mass. By complementing the IRAS spectral coverage with Planck satellite data from 100 to 857 GHz, we provide new constraints on the IR spectrum of thermal dust emission in clusters of galaxies. We achieve this by using a stacking approach for a sample of several hundred objects from the Planck cluster sample. This procedure averages out fluctuations from the IR sky, allowing us to reach a significant detection of the faint cluster contribution. We also use the large frequency range probed by Planck, together with component-separation techniques, to remove the contamination from both cosmic microwave background anisotropies and the thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect (tSZ) signal, which dominate at ν ≤ 353 GHz. By excluding dominant spurious signals or systematic effects, averaged detections are reported at frequencies 353 GHz ≤ ν ≤ 5000 GHz. We confirm the presence of dust in clusters of galaxies at low and intermediate redshifts, yielding an SED with a shape similar to that of the Milky Way. Planck's resolution does not allow us to investigate the detailed spatial distribution of this emission (e.g. whether it comes from intergalactic dust or simply the dust content of the cluster galaxies), but the radial distribution of the emission appears to follow that of the stacked SZ signal, and thus the extent of the clusters. The recovered SED allows us to constrain the dust mass responsible for the signal and its temperature.

Planck intermediate results: XLIII. Spectral energy distribution of dust in clusters of galaxies

DOE PAGES

Adam, R.; Ade, P. A. R.; Aghanim, N.; ...

2016-12-12

Although infrared (IR) overall dust emission from clusters of galaxies has been statistically detected using data from the Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS), it has not been possible to sample the spectral energy distribution (SED) of this emission over its peak, and thus to break the degeneracy between dust temperature and mass. By complementing the IRAS spectral coverage with Planck satellite data from 100 to 857 GHz, we provide in this paper new constraints on the IR spectrum of thermal dust emission in clusters of galaxies. We achieve this by using a stacking approach for a sample of several hundred objectsmore » from the Planck cluster sample. This procedure averages out fluctuations from the IR sky, allowing us to reach a significant detection of the faint cluster contribution. We also use the large frequency range probed by Planck, together with component-separation techniques, to remove the contamination from both cosmic microwave background anisotropies and the thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect (tSZ) signal, which dominate at ν ≤ 353 GHz. By excluding dominant spurious signals or systematic effects, averaged detections are reported at frequencies 353 GHz ≤ ν ≤ 5000 GHz. We confirm the presence of dust in clusters of galaxies at low and intermediate redshifts, yielding an SED with a shape similar to that of the Milky Way. Planck’s resolution does not allow us to investigate the detailed spatial distribution of this emission (e.g. whether it comes from intergalactic dust or simply the dust content of the cluster galaxies), but the radial distribution of the emission appears to follow that of the stacked SZ signal, and thus the extent of the clusters. Finally, the recovered SED allows us to constrain the dust mass responsible for the signal and its temperature.« less

3D mesoscopic fluorescence tomography for imaging micro-distribution of antibody-photon absorber conjugates during near infrared photoimmunotherapy in vivo.

PubMed

Tang, Qinggong; Nagaya, Tadanobu; Liu, Yi; Horng, Hannah; Lin, Jonathan; Sato, Kazuhide; Kobayashi, Hisataka; Chen, Yu

2018-06-10

As a novel low-side-effect cancer therapy, photo-immunotherapy (PIT) is based on conjugating monoclonal antibody (mAb) with a near-infrared (NIR) phthalocyanine dye IRDye700DX (IR 700). IR700 is not only fluorescent to be used as an imaging agent, but also phototoxic. When illuminating with NIR light, PIT can induce highly-selective cancer cell death while leaving most of tumor blood vessels unharmed, leading to an effect termed super-enhanced permeability and retention (SUPR), which can significantly improve the effectiveness of anti-cancer drug. Currently, the therapeutic effects of PIT are monitored using 2D macroscopic fluorescence reflectance imager, which lacks the resolution and depth information to reveal the 3D distribution of mAb-IR700. In the study, we applied a multi-modal optical imaging approach including high-resolution optical coherence tomography (OCT) and high-sensitivity fluorescence laminar optical tomography (FLOT), to provide 3D tumor micro-structure and micro-distribution of mAb-IR700 in the tumor simultaneously during PIT in situ and in vivo. The multi-wavelength FLOT can also provide the blood vessels morphology of the tumor. Thus, the 3D FLOT reconstructed images allow us to evaluate the IR700 fluorescence distribution change with respect to the blood vessels and at different tumor locations/depths non-invasively, thereby enabling evaluation of the therapeutic effects in vivo and optimization of treatment regimens accordingly. The mAb-IR700 can access more tumor areas after PIT treatment, which can be explained by increased vascular permeability immediately after NIR-PIT. Two-photon microscopy was also used to record the mAb-IR700 on the tumor surface near the blood vessels to verify the results. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Reactivity of the parent amido complexes of iridium with olefins: C-NH2 bond formation versus C-H activation.

PubMed

Mena, Inmaculada; García-Orduña, Pilar; Polo, Víctor; Lahoz, Fernando J; Casado, Miguel A; Oro, Luis A

2017-08-29

Herein we report on the different chemical reactivity displayed by two mononuclear terminal amido compounds depending on the nature of the coordinated diene. Hence, treatment of amido-bridged iridium complexes [{Ir(μ-NH 2 )(tfbb)} 3 ] (1; tfbb = tetrafluorobenzobarrelene) with dppp (dppp = bis(diphenylphosphane)propane) leads to the rupture of the amido bridges forming the mononuclear terminal amido compound [Ir(NH 2 )(dppp)(tfbb)] (3) in the first stage. On changing the reaction conditions, the formation of a C-NH 2 bond between the amido moiety and the coordinated diene is observed and a new dinuclear complex [{Ir(1,2-η 2 -4-κ-C 12 H 8 F 4 N)(dppp)} 2 (μ-dppp)] (4) has been isolated. On the contrary, the diiridium amido-bridged complex [{Ir(μ-NH 2 )(cod)} 2 ] (2; cod = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) in the presence of dppb (dppb = bis(diphenylphosphane)butane) allows the isolation of a mononuclear complex [Ir(1,2,3-η 3 -6-κ-C 8 H 10 )H(dppb)] (5), as a consequence of the extrusion of ammonia. The monitoring of the reaction of 2 with dppb (and dppp) allowed us to detect terminal amido complexes [Ir(NH 2 )(P-P)(cod)] (P-P = dppb (6), dppp (7)) in solution, as confirmed by an X-ray analysis of 7. Complex 7 was observed to evolve into hydrido species 5 at room temperature. DFT studies showed that C-H bond activation occurs through the deprotonation of one methylene fragment of the cod ligand by the highly basic terminal amido moiety instead of C-H oxidative addition to the Ir(i) center.

Ultra Low Dose Delta 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Protects Mouse Liver from Ischemia Reperfusion Injury.

PubMed

Hochhauser, Edith; Lahat, Eylon; Sultan, Maya; Pappo, Orit; Waldman, Maayan; Sarne, Yosef; Shainberg, Asher; Gutman, Mordechai; Safran, Michal; Ben Ari, Ziv

2015-01-01

Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is the main cause of both primary graft dysfunction and primary non-function of liver allografts. Cannabinoids has been reported to attenuate myocardial, cerebral and hepatic I/R oxidative injury. Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), a cannabinoid agonist, is the active components of marijuana. In this study we examined the role of ultralow dose THC (0.002mg/kg) in the protection of livers from I/R injury. This extremely low dose of THC was previously found by us to protect the mice brain and heart from a variety of insults. C57Bl Mice were studied in in vivo model of hepatic segmental (70%) ischemia for 60min followed by reperfusion for 6 hours. THC administration 2h prior to the induction of hepatic I/R was associated with significant attenuated elevations of: serum liver transaminases ALT and AST, the hepatic oxidative stress (activation of the intracellular signaling CREB pathway), the acute proinflammatory response (TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-10 and c-FOS hepatic mRNA levels, and ERK signaling pathway activation). This was followed by cell death (the cleavage of the pro-apoptotic caspase 3, DNA fragmentation and TUNEL) after 6 hours of reperfusion. Significantly less hepatic injury was detected in the THC treated I/R mice and fewer apoptotic hepatocytes cells were identified by morphological criteria compared with untreated mice. A single ultralow dose THC can reduce the apoptotic, oxidative and inflammatory injury induced by hepatic I/R injury. THC may serve as a potential target for therapeutic intervention in hepatic I/R injury during liver transplantation, liver resection and trauma. © 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Interorganizational Cooperation

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-10-12

variety of information sharing methods and techniques (e.g., web posting, instant messaging, and printed reports or information downloaded onto...ity R ec ov er y #1 5 - E xte rn al Af fa irs #6 - Ma ss C ar e, E me rg en cy A ss ist an ce , Ho us ing , a nd H um an S er vic es #7...of US military forces. Intermodal capacity includes dry cargo ships and crews, equipment, terminal facilities, and intermodal management services

Preliminary Analysis of IR Cloudtop Temperatures of Sprite Producing Storms over Argentina Observed from Brazil, and Comparison with US Case Study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sao Sabbas, F. T.; Pautet, P.; Taylor, M. J.; Pinto, O.; Thomas, J.; Solorzano, N.; Holzworth, R.; Bailey, M.; Schuch, N.; Michels, M.

2006-12-01

We will present the preliminary results of the cloudtop temperature characteristics of two very active sprite- producing Mesoscale Convective System (MCS) which occurred over Argentina in the evening of February 22, and March 04, 2006. These were prolific storms, e.g. the first one produced more than 400 TLEs, including sprites, halos and possibly elves. The events were observed from the INPE Observatorio Espacial Sul-OES (Southern Space Observatory), located at the center of Rio Grande do Sul State, the most Southern State of Brazil. Except for the lack of triangulated locations for the sprites and halos recorded, the methodology used for this study is the same as for the paper Sao Sabbas and Sentman [2003], where a sprite producing storm over the central U.S. was observed during the night of July 22, 1996. We analyzed the IR satellite data provided by GOES-12 and the lightning information from the Brazilian Lightning Detection Network in combination with data from the World Wide Lightning Location Network WWLLN. We will also show a comparison between the obtained results and the results presented at the Sao Sabbas and Sentman [2003] paper. Sao Sabbas, F.T. and D. D. Sentman, Dynamical Relationship of IR Cloudtop Temperatures With Occurrence Rates of Cloud-to-Ground Lightning and Sprites, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30 (5), 40-1-40-4, 2003.

THE DIFFERENCES IN THE TORUS GEOMETRY BETWEEN HIDDEN AND NON-HIDDEN BROAD LINE ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ichikawa, Kohei; Ueda, Yoshihiro; Packham, Christopher

2015-04-20

We present results from the fitting of infrared (IR) spectral energy distributions of 21 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) with clumpy torus models. We compiled high spatial resolution (∼0.3–0.7 arcsec) mid-IR (MIR) N-band spectroscopy, Q-band imaging, and nuclear near- and MIR photometry from the literature. Combining these nuclear near- and MIR observations, far-IR photometry, and clumpy torus models enables us to put constraints on the torus properties and geometry. We divide the sample into three types according to the broad line region (BLR) properties: type-1s, type-2s with scattered or hidden broad line region (HBLR) previously observed, and type-2s without any publishedmore » HBLR signature (NHBLR). Comparing the torus model parameters gives us the first quantitative torus geometrical view for each subgroup. We find that NHBLR AGNs have smaller torus opening angles and larger covering factors than HBLR AGNs. This suggests that the chance to observe scattered (polarized) flux from the BLR in NHBLR could be reduced by the dual effects of (a) less scattering medium due to the reduced scattering volume given the small torus opening angle and (b) the increased torus obscuration between the observer and the scattering region. These effects give a reasonable explanation for the lack of observed HBLR in some type-2 AGNs.« less

Drug Retention during Animal Inhalation Exposure by FT-IR Spectroscopy

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-05-01

retained by animals during inhalation exposure experiments. We selected bis-(trifluoromethyl) disulfide (TFD), a commercially available (1) toxic ...of Research Commander Bldg 40 US Army Institute of Dental Washixrgtm, DC 20307-5100 Research Bldg 40 Commallder 1 Washington, DC 20307-5100 Letterman

Changes in the U.S. Primary Standards for the Air Kerma From Gamma-Ray Beams

PubMed Central

Seltzer, Stephen M.; Bergstrom, Paul M.

2003-01-01

Monte Carlo photon-electron transport calculations have been done to derive new wall corrections for the six NBS-NIST standard graphite-wall, air-ionization cavity chambers that serve as the U.S. national primary standard for air kerma (and exposure) for gamma rays from 60Co, 137Cs, and 192Ir sources. The data developed for and from these calculations have also been used to refine a number of other factors affecting the standards. The largest changes are due to the new wall corrections, and the total changes are +0.87 % to +1.11 % (depending on the chamber) for 60Co beams, +0.64 % to +1.07 % (depending on the chamber) for 137Cs beams, and −0.06 % for the single chamber used in the measurement of the standardized 192Ir source. The primary standards for air kerma will be adjusted in the near future to reflect the changes in factors described in this work. PMID:27413615

Changes in the U.S. Primary Standards for the Air Kerma From Gamma-Ray Beams.

PubMed

Seltzer, Stephen M; Bergstrom, Paul M

2003-01-01

Monte Carlo photon-electron transport calculations have been done to derive new wall corrections for the six NBS-NIST standard graphite-wall, air-ionization cavity chambers that serve as the U.S. national primary standard for air kerma (and exposure) for gamma rays from (60)Co, (137)Cs, and (192)Ir sources. The data developed for and from these calculations have also been used to refine a number of other factors affecting the standards. The largest changes are due to the new wall corrections, and the total changes are +0.87 % to +1.11 % (depending on the chamber) for (60)Co beams, +0.64 % to +1.07 % (depending on the chamber) for (137)Cs beams, and -0.06 % for the single chamber used in the measurement of the standardized (192)Ir source. The primary standards for air kerma will be adjusted in the near future to reflect the changes in factors described in this work.

Insulin-like growth factor-I receptor activity is essential for Kaposi's sarcoma growth and survival.

PubMed

Catrina, S-B; Lewitt, M; Massambu, C; Dricu, A; Grünler, J; Axelson, M; Biberfeld, P; Brismar, K

2005-04-25

Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a highly vascular tumour and is the most common neoplasm associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection. Growth factors, in particular vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), have been shown to play an important role in its development. The role of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) in the pathophysiology of different tumours led us to evaluate the role of IGF system in KS. The IGF-I receptors (IGF-IR) were identified by immunohistochemistry in biopsies taken from patients with different AIDS/HIV-related KS stages and on KSIMM cells (an established KS-derived cell line). Insulin-like growth factor-I is a growth factor for KSIMM cells with a maximum increase of 3H-thymidine incorporation of 130 +/- 27.6% (P < 0.05) similar to that induced by VEGF and with which it is additive (281 +/- 13%) (P < 0.05). Moreover, specific blockade of the receptor (either by alpha IR3 antibody or by picropodophyllin, a recently described selective IGF-IR tyrosine phosphorylation inhibitor) induced KSIMM apoptosis, suggesting that IGF-IR agonists (IGF-I and -II) mediate antiapoptotic signals for these cells. We were able to identify an autocrine loop essential for KSIMM cell survival in which IGF-II is the IGF-IR agonist secreted by the cells. In conclusion, IGF-I pathway inhibition is a promising therapeutical approach for KS tumours.

U.S. EPA, Pesticide Product Label, ISOTOX INSECT KILLER FORMULA IV, 11/19/1992

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

2011-04-13

... StIr.bs ,"'1 "" f ,lpl\\ ] T: s II ' : I ,';' T • j' , •• , S; 'do ... ~t" '''stCII 0' /fI,tn II, plfler~ oriel-jon" ~.-t;, \\ "~l "~' -td R'.-Ul,t 'f''''nlahon occur, For Mfilybul~"IOw.' ...

77 FR 38145 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request for Form 1099-U.

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-26

... by foreign financial institutions (FFI) and non-foreign financial entities (NFFE) with respect to U.S... DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY Internal Revenue Service Proposed Collection; Comment Request for Form 1099-U. AGENCY: Internal Revenue Service (IRS), Treasury. ACTION: Notice and request for comments...

76 FR 68119 - Income of Foreign Governments and International Organizations

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-03

...: This document contains proposed Income Tax Regulations that provide guidance relating to the taxation... concerning the taxation of income of foreign governments and international organizations from investments in... income is exempt from U.S. taxation. Explanation of Provisions The Treasury Department and the IRS have...

Design and Calibration of a Dispersive Imaging Spectrometer Adaptor for a Fast IR Camera on NSTX-U

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Reksoatmodjo, Richard; Gray, Travis; Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory Team

2017-10-01

A dispersive spectrometer adaptor was designed, constructed and calibrated for use on a fast infrared camera employed to measure temperatures on the lower divertor tiles of the NSTX-U tokamak. This adaptor efficiently and evenly filters and distributes long-wavelength infrared photons between 8.0 and 12.0 microns across the 128x128 pixel detector of the fast IR camera. By determining the width of these separated wavelength bands across the camera detector, and then determining the corresponding average photon count for each photon wavelength, a very accurate measurement of the temperature, and thus heat flux, of the divertor tiles can be calculated using Plank's law. This approach of designing an exterior dispersive adaptor for the fast IR camera allows accurate temperature measurements to be made of materials with unknown emissivity. Further, the relative simplicity and affordability of this adaptor design provides an attractive option over more expensive, slower, dispersive IR camera systems. This work was made possible by funding from the Department of Energy for the Summer Undergraduate Laboratory Internship (SULI) program. This work is supported by the US DOE Contract No. DE-AC02-09CH11466.

Pushing the limits of spatial resolution with the Kuiper Airborne observatory

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lester, Daniel

1994-01-01

The study of astronomical objects at high spatial resolution in the far-IR is one of the most serious limitations to our work at these wavelengths, which carry information about the luminosity of dusty and obscured sources. At IR wavelengths shorter than 30 microns, ground based telescopes with large apertures at superb sites achieve diffraction-limited performance close to the seeing limit in the optical. At millimeter wavelengths, ground based interferometers achieve resolution that is close to this. The inaccessibility of the far-IR from the ground makes it difficult, however, to achieve complementary resolution in the far-IR. The 1983 IRAS survey, while extraordinarily sensitive, provides us with a sky map at a spatial resolution that is limited by detector size on a spatial scale that is far larger than that available in other wavelengths on the ground. The survey resolution is of order 4 min in the 100 micron bandpass, and 2 min at 60 microns (IRAS Explanatory Supplement, 1988). Information on a scale of 1' is available on some sources from the CPC. Deconvolution and image resolution using this database is one of the subjects of this workshop.

Hospitals' search for solvency may change role of group ruling.

PubMed

Halloran, D D

1988-10-01

The Group Ruling issued by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) to the U.S. Catholic Conference (USCC) establishes the tax-exempt status of most organizations listed in The Official Catholic Directory (OCD). The USCC Group Ruling relieves individual organizations of the obligation of filing exemption applications and relieves the IRS of the burden of reviewing them. In addition to establishing exemption from federal income tax and federal employment tax, the Group Ruling establishes the deductibility of contributions to listed organizations for the purposes of income tax, gift tax, and estate tax. The USCC Group Ruling requires that subordinate entities be organized and operate exclusively for charitable, educational, or religious purposes; engage in only insubstantial lobbying; and not participate or intervene in a political campaign on behalf of or in opposition to a particular candidate. In addition, subordinates may not be private foundations, may not be organized in foreign countries, and may not possess independent IRS exemption determinations. Recently, the USCC has had to grapple with several issues that could affect inclusion in the Group Ruling and OCD. These include: Catholic organizations with individual IRS exemptions. Catholic healthcare reorganizations. For-profit subsidiaries. Hospital participation in joint ventures. Mergers by Catholic hospitals.

Single Crystal Elasticity of Iron Bearing Perovskite and Post Perovskite Analog

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yoneda, A.; Fukui, H.; Baron, A. Q. R.

2014-12-01

We measured single crystal elasticity of (1) pure and iron bearing MgSiO3 perovskite, and (2) Pbnm-CaIrO3 and Cmcm-CaIrO3, a representative analog of MgSiO3 perovskite and post perovskite, respectively, by means of inelastic X ray scattering at BL35XU, SPring-8. The present results for MgSiO3 perovskite demonstrate that elastic anisotropy of magnesium perovskite is highly enhanced by iron incorporation. Furthermore anti-correlation between bulk sound velocity and shear wave velocity was confirmed with iron content, which is against the theoretical prediction. The anti-correlation found in this study is important, because it enables us to interpret the recent seismological observation of the anti-correlation in the deep lower mantle by means of iron content difference in perovskite. On the other hand, we can learn difference of elasticity between perovskite and post perovskite thorough measurement on CaIrO3, as analog of MgSiO3 perovskite and post perovskite. From a characteristics of the single crystal elasticity of CaIrO3 compounds, we interpreted the texture pattern in the D" layer consistent with recent seismic observation.

Impact of Infrared Lunar Laser Ranging on Lunar Dynamics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Viswanathan, Vishnu; Fienga, Agnès; Manche, Hervé; Gastineau, Mickael; Courde, Clément; Torre, Jean-Marie; Exertier, Pierre; Laskar, Jacques; LLR Observers : Astrogeo-OCA, Apache Point, McDonald Laser Ranging Station, Haleakala Observatory, Matera Laser Ranging Observatory

2016-10-01

Since 2015, in addition to the traditional green (532nm), infrared (1064nm) has been the preferred wavelength for lunar laser ranging at the Calern lunar laser ranging (LLR) site in France. Due to the better atmospheric transmission of IR with respect to Green, nearly 3 times the number of normal points have been obtained in IR than in Green [ C.Courde et al 2016 ]. In our study, in addition to the historical data obtained from various other LLR sites, we include the recent IR normal points obtained from Calern over the 1 year time span (2015-2016), constituting about 4.2% of data spread over 46 years of LLR. Near even distribution of data provided by IR on both the spatial and temporal domain, helps us to improve constraints on the internal structure of the Moon modeled within the planetary ephemeris : INPOP [ Fienga et al 2015 ]. IERS recommended models have been used in the data reduction software GINS (GRGS,CNES) [ V.Viswanathan et al 2015 ]. Constraints provided by GRAIL, on the Lunar gravitational potential and Love numbers have been taken into account in the least-square fit procedure. New estimates on the dynamical parameters of the lunar core will be presented.

A one-dimensional free energy surface does not account for two-probe folding kinetics of protein alpha(3)D.

PubMed

Liu, Feng; Dumont, Charles; Zhu, Yongjin; DeGrado, William F; Gai, Feng; Gruebele, Martin

2009-02-14

We present fluorescence-detected measurements of the temperature-jump relaxation kinetics of the designed three-helix bundle protein alpha(3)D taken under solvent conditions identical to previous infrared-detected kinetics. The fluorescence-detected rate is similar to the IR-detected rate only at the lowest temperature where we could measure it (326 K). The fluorescence-detected rate decreases by a factor of 3 over the 326-344 K temperature range, whereas the IR-detected rate remains nearly constant over the same range. To investigate this probe dependence, we tested an extensive set of physically reasonable one-dimensional (1D) free energy surfaces by Langevin dynamics simulation. The simulations included coordinate- and temperature-dependent roughness, diffusion coefficients, and IR/fluorescence spectroscopic signatures. None of these can reproduce the IR and fluorescence data simultaneously, forcing us to the conclusion that a 1D free energy surface cannot accurately describe the folding of alpha(3)D. This supports the hypothesis that alpha(3)D has a multidimensional free energy surface conducive to downhill folding at 326 K, and that it is already an incipient downhill folder with probe-dependent kinetics near its melting point.

Infrared and Visible Absolute and Difference Spectra of Bacteriorhodopsin Photocycle Intermediates

PubMed Central

Hendler, Richard W.; Meuse, Curtis W.; Braiman, Mark S.; Smith, Paul D.; Kakareka, John W.

2014-01-01

We have used new kinetic fitting procedures to obtain IR absolute spectra for intermediates of the main bacteriorhodopsin (bR) photocycle(s). The linear algebra-based procedures of Hendler et al. (2001) J. Phys. Chem. B, 105, 3319–3228, for obtaining clean absolute visible spectra of bR photocycle intermediates, were adapted for use with IR data. This led to isolation, for the first time, of corresponding clean absolute IR spectra, including the separation of the M intermediate into its MF and MS components from parallel photocycles. This in turn permitted the computation of clean IR difference spectra between pairs of successive intermediates, allowing for the most rigorous analysis to date of changes occurring at each step of the photocycle. The statistical accuracy of the spectral calculation methods allows us to identify, with great confidence, new spectral features. One of these is a very strong differential IR band at 1650 cm−1 for the L intermediate at room temperature that is not present in analogous L spectra measured at cryogenic temperatures. This band, in one of the noisiest spectral regions, has not been identified in any previous time-resolved IR papers, although retrospectively it is apparent as one of the strongest L absorbance changes in their raw data, considered collectively. Additionally, our results are most consistent with Arg82 as the primary proton-release group (PRG), rather than a protonated water cluster or H-bonded grouping of carboxylic residues. Notably, the Arg82 deprotonation occurs exclusively in the MF pathway of the parallel cycles model of the photocycle. PMID:21929858

High-pressure high-temperature stability of hcp-Ir xOs 1-x (x = 0.50 and 0.55) alloys

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yusenko, Kirill V.; Bykova, Elena; Bykov, Maxim

2016-12-23

Hcp-Ir 0.55Os 0.45 and hcp-Ir 0.50Os 0.50 alloys were synthesised by thermal decomposition of single-source precursors in hydrogen atmosphere. Both alloys correspond to a miscibility gap in the Ir–Os binary phase diagram and therefore are metastable at ambient conditions. An in situ powder X-ray diffraction has been used for a monitoring a formation of hcp-Ir0.55Os0.45 alloy from (NH 4) 2[Ir 0.55Os 0.45Cl 6] precursor. A crystalline intermediate compound and nanodimentional metallic particles with a large concentration of defects has been found as key intermediates in the thermal decomposition process in hydrogen flow. High-temperature stability of titled hcp-structured alloys has beenmore » investigated upon compression up to 11 GPa using a multi-anvil press and up to 80 GPa using laser-heated diamond-anvil cells to obtain a phase separation into fcc + hcp mixture. Compressibility curves at room temperature as well as thermal expansion at ambient pressure and under compression up to 80 GPa were collected to obtain thermal expansion coefficients and bulk moduli. hcp-Ir 0.55Os 0.45 alloy shows bulk moduli B0 = 395 GPa. Thermal expansion coefficients were estimated as α = 1.6·10 -5 K -1 at ambient pressure and α = 0.3·10 -5 K -1 at 80 GPa. Obtained high-pressure high-temperature data allowed us to construct the first model for pressure-dependent Ir–Os phase diagram.« less

Infrared and visible absolute and difference spectra of bacteriorhodopsin photocycle intermediates.

PubMed

Hendler, Richard W; Meuse, Curtis W; Braiman, Mark S; Smith, Paul D; Kakareka, John W

2011-09-01

We have used new kinetic fitting procedures to obtain infrared (IR) absolute spectra for intermediates of the main bacteriorhodopsin (bR) photocycle(s). The linear-algebra-based procedures of Hendler et al. (J. Phys. Chem. B, 105, 3319-3228 (2001)) for obtaining clean absolute visible spectra of bR photocycle intermediates were adapted for use with IR data. This led to isolation, for the first time, of corresponding clean absolute IR spectra, including the separation of the M intermediate into its M(F) and M(S) components from parallel photocycles. This in turn permitted the computation of clean IR difference spectra between pairs of successive intermediates, allowing for the most rigorous analysis to date of changes occurring at each step of the photocycle. The statistical accuracy of the spectral calculation methods allows us to identify, with great confidence, new spectral features. One of these is a very strong differential IR band at 1650 cm(-1) for the L intermediate at room temperature that is not present in analogous L spectra measured at cryogenic temperatures. This band, in one of the noisiest spectral regions, has not been identified in any previous time-resolved IR papers, although retrospectively it is apparent as one of the strongest L absorbance changes in their raw data, considered collectively. Additionally, our results are most consistent with Arg82 as the primary proton-release group (PRG), rather than a protonated water cluster or H-bonded grouping of carboxylic residues. Notably, the Arg82 deprotonation occurs exclusively in the M(F) pathway of the parallel cycles model of the photocycle. © 2011 Society for Applied Spectroscopy

Theranostics Targeting Metastatic Breast Cancer

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-10-01

Methodist Hospital Houston, TX 77030 REPORT DATE: October 2017 TYPE OF REPORT: Annual PREPARED FOR: U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command...77030 9. SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S ACRONYM(S) U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command Fort...near-IR imaging agents and PDT therapeutics in vivo (see below). They will be tested in this upcoming research year. N+ -O3S N SO3- N+Me3Me3+N OO YI

Selecting Effective Fluorescent Lamp and Ballast for Retrofit in the Continental United States

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-08-01

SPONSORINGIMONITORING U.S. Army Engineering and Housing Support Center (USAEHSC) AGENCY REPORT NUMBER ATTN: CEHSC-FB-S Bldg. 358 Fort Belvoir, VA 22060...SW 239-18 298-102 FOREWORD This work was done for the U.S. Army Engineering and Housing Support Center (USAEHSC), Fort Belvoir, VA, under Military...Chief of Enrpuen ATTN SMCRI-TI. CEWES 49180 LS C-. i Pninst Office 20601 ATTN. CEHEC-IrE-It ) 2 Walerviaf Awseal 121IN ATrN Ldwwry ATTN Rac SeAc/qosue

A Multiwavelength Study of a Sample of 70 μm Selected Galaxies in the COSMOS Field. I. Spectral Energy Distributions and Luminosities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kartaltepe, Jeyhan S.; Sanders, D. B.; Le Floc'h, E.; Frayer, D. T.; Aussel, H.; Arnouts, S.; Ilbert, O.; Salvato, M.; Scoville, N. Z.; Surace, J.; Yan, L.; Brusa, M.; Capak, P.; Caputi, K.; Carollo, C. M.; Civano, F.; Elvis, M.; Faure, C.; Hasinger, G.; Koekemoer, A. M.; Lee, N.; Lilly, S.; Liu, C. T.; McCracken, H. J.; Schinnerer, E.; Smolčić, V.; Taniguchi, Y.; Thompson, D. J.; Trump, J.

2010-02-01

We present a large robust sample of 1503 reliable and unconfused 70 μm selected sources from the multiwavelength data set of the Cosmic Evolution Survey. Using the Spitzer IRAC and MIPS photometry, we estimate the total infrared (IR) luminosity, L IR (8-1000 μm), by finding the best-fit template from several different template libraries. The long-wavelength 70 and 160 μm data allow us to obtain a reliable estimate of L IR, accurate to within 0.2 and 0.05 dex, respectively. The 70 μm data point enables a significant improvement over the luminosity estimates possible with only a 24 μm detection. The full sample spans a wide range in IR luminosity, L IR ≈ 108-1014 L sun, with a median luminosity of 1011.4 L sun. We identify a total of 687 luminous, 303 ultraluminous, and 31 hyperluminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs, ULIRGs, and HyLIRGs) over the redshift range 0.01 < z < 3.5 with a median redshift of 0.5. Presented here are the full spectral energy distributions (SEDs) for each of the sources compiled from the extensive multiwavelength data set from the ultraviolet (UV) to the far-infrared. A catalog of the general properties of the sample (including the photometry, redshifts, and L IR) is included with this paper. We find that the overall shape of the SED and trends with L IR (e.g., IR color temperatures and optical-IR ratios) are similar to what has been seen in studies of local objects; however, our large sample allows us to see the extreme spread in UV to near-infrared colors spanning nearly 3 orders of magnitude. In addition, using SED fits we find possible evidence for a subset of cooler ultraluminous objects than observed locally. However, until direct observations at longer wavelengths are obtained, the peak of emission and the dust temperature cannot be well constrained. We use these SEDs, along with the deep radio and X-ray coverage of the field, to identify a large sample of candidate active galactic nuclei (AGNs). We find that the fraction of AGNs increases strongly with L IR, as it does in the local universe, and that nearly 70% of ULIRGs and all HyLIRGs likely host a powerful AGN. Based on observations with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, obtained at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by AURA Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555; also based on data collected at: the Subaru Telescope, which is operated by the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan; the XMM-Newton, an ESA science mission with instruments and contributions directly funded by ESA Member States and NASA; the European Southern Observatory under Large Program 175.A-0839, Chile; the National Radio Astronomy Observatory which is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc.; and the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope with MegaPrime/MegaCam operated as a joint project by the CFHT Corporation, CEA/DAPNIA, the National Research Council of Canada, the Canadian Astronomy Data Centre, the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique de France, TERAPIX, and the University of Hawaii.

A retrospective cohort study of long-term immediate-release hydrocodone/acetaminophen use and acetaminophen dosing above the Food and Drug Administration recommended maximum daily limit among commercially insured individuals in the United States (2008-2013).

PubMed

DeVeaugh-Geiss, Angela; Kadakia, Aditi; Chilcoat, Howard; Alexander, Louis; Coplan, Paul

2015-06-01

Immediate-release (IR) hydrocodone/acetaminophen is the most prescribed opioid in the United States; however, patterns of use, including long-term treatment and dose, are not well described. Duration of use, including the percentage of patients on long-term treatment (>90 days of continuous use), was assessed for patients newly prescribed IR hydrocodone/acetaminophen compared to other opioid analgesics in a national commercial insurance database (January 2008-September 2013). Though only a small percentage of IR hydrocodone/acetaminophen patients continued treatment long-term (1.7%), the number was large (104,839) and was nearly 5 times the number receiving extended-release (ER) morphine (n = 22,338) and nearly 4 times the number receiving ER oxycodone (n = 26,946) long-term. Using a less conservative allowable gap in treatment increased the number of patients meeting the criteria for long-term use (approximately 160,000 for IR hydrocodone/acetaminophen vs <30,000 for ER morphine and ER oxycodone). Most patients meeting these criteria received IR hydrocodone doses between >20 and ≤60 mg/d (n = 56,220, 53.6%) in month 4; 5.5% (n = 5,743) received doses >60 mg/d. Moreover, approximately 15% of IR hydrocodone/acetaminophen patients (n > 900,000) were prescribed total daily acetaminophen doses exceeding 4 g (the limit recommended by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration) at their initial IR hydrocodone/acetaminophen prescription or any time during therapy. Although most patients were prescribed IR hydrocodone/acetaminophen for acute pain, the number of patients prescribed long-term therapy exceeds the number of patients prescribed ER opioids. It is important to consider the benefits and risks inherent with long-term opioid therapy, whether with IR or ER opioids, to ensure safe use of these products. Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The Herschel* PEP-HERMES Luminosity Function- I. Probing the Evolution of PACS Selected Galaxies to z approx. equal to 4

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gruppioni, Carlotta; Pozzi, F.; Rodighiero, G.; Delvecchio, I.; Berta, S.; Pozzetti, L.; Zamorani, G.; Andreani, P.; Cimatti, A.; Ilbert, O.;

U.S. EPA, Pesticide Product Label, PARTNER WDG, 11/04/1987

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

2011-04-14

... 1f.. (IIIP/on c*""'" IthoItI ~ 1rMw. 0Mtn0I,. "~NItt • .-tI.-b1 ~ iI fnIre!tf. ~tIr fIIICIIJ .... _IfIOIaI .. ~ "' ... VIII ... ! _~ .... illI:afMI .. ·i ~ Dft:tiIII. .... till c..a. .... Itu.;.. ...

77 FR 64378 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request for Form 1041-QFT

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-19

... 1041-QFT AGENCY: Internal Revenue Service (IRS), Treasury. ACTION: Notice and request for comments... Form 1041-QT, U.S. Income Tax Return for Qualified Funeral Trusts. DATES: Written comments should be.... OMB Number: 1545-1593. Form Number: 1041-QFT. Abstract: Internal Revenue Code section 685 allows the...

76 FR 39473 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request for Form 1120-PC

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-06

... 1120-PC AGENCY: Internal Revenue Service (IRS), Treasury. ACTION: Notice and request for comments... comments concerning Form 1120-PC, U.S. Property and Casualty Insurance Company Income Tax Return. DATES... Casualty Insurance Company Income Tax Return. OMB Number: 1545-1027. Form Number: Form 1120-PC. Abstract...

Autofluorescence generation and elimination: a lesson from glutaraldehyde.

PubMed

Lee, Kwahun; Choi, Sungmoon; Yang, Chun; Wu, Hai-Chen; Yu, Junhua

2013-04-14

Glutaraldehyde causes especially high autofluorescence. It reacted with proteins and peptides to generate visible to near-IR emitters. A model indicated that ethylenediamine and a secondary amine in the molecule were key components for the formation of emissive species. The mechanism enables us to control the generation and elimination of autofluorescence.

U.S. EPA, Pesticide Product Label, PROKIL MALATHION ULV, 08/15/1991

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

2011-04-21

... to aquatic or,anl ••• In a,.a. near the aprllcatlon .It ... vl.ltln, tha tlrlt",ent Ir'l ... product In the '0 to 60 ~ •• , m.dl.n dll •• tlr (HMD) .lcron ran,., vlth no .ore than 10 ...

U.S. EPA, Pesticide Product Label, , 12/14/1982

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

2011-04-21

... l \\. , • t • ,. • • r , J L 1I.I:~dlll:;, '1\\\\ 1111111,111: .. \\1111 1>I\\II1(,:;t i~' .\\111111.11· DANGER I!armful if sw.lllow,·d. I,void I".·"lhillq v.ll"»·"

Proof-of-Principle High Speed Electronic Imaging System. Phase 2.

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-03-01

Winchenbach George Streckmann I Martha Martinez John Krieger Joe Parker John Morris Ann Coverston ." Karen Hollis Gregg Abate I... , .. ", .t ii i...R. J. Kelley, manager of the research facility, allocated space and locations for the equipment, and assigned John Krieger , technician, to us to

U.S. EPA, Pesticide Product Label, , 09/28/1983

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

2011-04-14

... lind HI"knti,·.,~ l~'\\ &1 Dtpf'mcd. I.,r t1, l'" ,tj .... ,ii{ ... Ul#-'~~U I), CtI.,If ... ~1 c' .... Q. '"fJ 0.''"'1.-(.01,1 .ntcI •• rod#' II(..JI ettec1lwe ';au",,1 SIa;."flo)(oec .. ...

U.S. EPA, Pesticide Product Label, , 04/02/1984

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

2011-04-21

... " . v' I • l , J, .I,H, , I 'tit':' ir1'''', i:~tl'nt \\.,:itl: i:.', I" .. ' I :d' :,: ~ HL ~.:\\,J(!.\\j'lil' Ar,::, · ... Tolt·f.ll1cl' .,t bttlb~ t.' ~~E!-~A(T~: {,"l'; \\".1'',' 'lt~: \\'.lIil·tit's. Test.t ~,n"lll ...

Effects of infrared radiation heating on peeling performance and quality attributes of clingstone peaches

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Salinity and wastewater disposal problems associated with the conventional wet-lye method for peeling clingstone peaches result in considerable negative environment impacts. This study investigated the efficacy of using infrared (IR) heating as an alternative method for peach peel removal without us...

76 FR 31013 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request for Form 1041-N

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-27

... 1041-N AGENCY: Internal Revenue Service (IRS), Treasury. ACTION: Notice and request for comments...-N U.S. Income Tax Return for Electing Alaska Native Settlement Trusts. DATES: Written comments... Alaska Native Settlement Trusts. OMB Number: 1545-1776. Form Number: 1041-N. Abstract: An Alaska Native...

U.S. EPA, Pesticide Product Label, BEST BBC 12-E EMULSIFIABLE LIQUID, 01/12/1968

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

2011-04-14

... plar,7"":) 1 q'J ;-,I'r Ol.I',' (OTTON, p~EPl/\\~~~ T ~!"~'i!I~~\\.. i)()SrPLANT. PiNEAPPLES: [11'(0(1"\\1' ~'~Lr'~ I.~ .. T ,~,l ~-'lt~~~1:~~'~j ?OSTPLP.,Nf. ...

76 FR 53168 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request for Form 1120-H

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-25

... 1120-H AGENCY: Internal Revenue Service (IRS), Treasury. ACTION: Notice and request for comments... Form 1120-H, U.S. Income Tax Return for Homeowners Associations. DATES: Written comments should be... Associations. OMB Number: 1545-0127. Form Number: 1120-H. Abstract: Homeowners associations file Form 1120-H to...

U.S. EPA, Pesticide Product Label, PRO KILL ROSE + FLORAL SPRAY, 08/12/1986

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

2011-04-21

... I..... hit. nIliliNU. If fIM 1M f ... tlt .... , IIUlit .. ,.tld .IU .,.. • 1111: 11& " •• ,,1, .1\\, ... It ..... lptilwcor"'Ir~"'~tA&I'If_ 1!fI!!'~1'J!,.~.t. IiIIiI II I 0 .. 0_ ••• ...

FT-IR spectroscopy study on cutaneous neoplasie

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Crupi, V.; De Domenico, D.; Interdonato, S.; Majolino, D.; Maisano, G.; Migliardo, P.; Venuti, V.

2001-05-01

In this work we report a preliminary study of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy on normal and neoplastic human skin samples suffering from two kinds of cancer, namely epithelioma and basalioma. The analyzed skin samples have been drawn from different parts of the human body, after biopsies. By performing a complex band deconvolution due to the complexity of the tissue composition, the analysis within the considered frequency region (900-4000 cm -1) of the collected IR spectra, allowed us, first of all, to characterize the presence of the pathologies and to show clear different spectral features passing from the normal tissue to the malignant one in particular within the region (1500-2000 cm -1) typical of the lipid bands.

Integrated IR sensors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tom, Michael; Trujillo, Edward

1994-06-01

Integrated infrared (IR) sensors which exploit modular avionics concepts can provide features such as operational flexibility, enhanced stealthiness, and ease of maintenance to meet the demands of tactical, airborne sensor systems. On-board, tactical airborne sensor systems perform target acquisition, tracking, identification, threat warning, missile launch detection, and ground mapping in support of situation awareness, self-defense, navigation, target attack, weapon support, and reconnaissance activities. The use of sensor suites for future tactical aircraft such as US Air Force's multirole fighter require a blend of sensor inputs and outputs that may vary over time. It is expected that special-role units of these tactical aircraft will be formed to conduct tasks and missions such as anti-shipping, reconnaissance, or suppression of enemy air defenses.

Dispersion of barium gallogermanate glass.

PubMed

Zelmon, David E; Bayya, Shyam S; Sanghera, Jasbinder S; Aggarwal, Ishwar D

2002-03-01

Gallogermanate glasses are the subject of intense study as a result of their unique combination of physical and optical properties, including transmission from 0.4 to beyond 5.0 microm. These glasses can be easily made into large optics with high-index homogeneity for numerous U.S. Department of Defense and commercial visible-IR window applications such as reconnaissance, missile domes, IR countermeasures, avionics, and collision avoidance on automobiles. These applications require a knowledge of the refractive index of glass throughout the region of transmission. Consequently, we have measured the refractive index of BaO-Ga2O3-GeO2 glass from 0.4 to 5.0 microm and calculated the Sellmeier coefficients required for optical device design.

Sample and data processing considerations for the NIST quantitative infrared database

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chu, Pamela M.; Guenther, Franklin R.; Rhoderick, George C.; Lafferty, Walter J.; Phillips, William

1999-02-01

Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometry has become a useful real-time in situ analytical technique for quantitative gas phase measurements. In fact, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has recently approved open-path FT-IR monitoring for the determination of hazardous air pollutants (HAP) identified in EPA's Clean Air Act of 1990. To support infrared based sensing technologies, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is currently developing a standard quantitative spectral database of the HAPs based on gravimetrically prepared standard samples. The procedures developed to ensure the quantitative accuracy of the reference data are discussed, including sample preparation, residual sample contaminants, data processing considerations, and estimates of error.

Model‐Informed Development and Registration of a Once‐Daily Regimen of Extended‐Release Tofacitinib

PubMed Central

Lamba, M; Hutmacher, MM; Furst, DE; Dikranian, A; Dowty, ME; Conrado, D; Stock, T; Nduaka, C; Cook, J

2017-01-01

Extended‐release (XR) formulations enable less frequent dosing vs. conventional (e.g., immediate release (IR)) formulations. Regulatory registration of such formulations typically requires pharmacokinetic (PK) and clinical efficacy data. Here we illustrate a model‐informed, exposure–response (E‐R) approach to translate controlled trial data from one formulation to another without a phase III trial, using a tofacitinib case study. Tofacitinib is an oral Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). E‐R analyses were conducted using validated clinical endpoints from phase II dose–response and nonclinical dose fractionation studies of the IR formulation. Consistent with the delay in clinical response dynamics relative to PK, average concentration was established as the relevant PK parameter for tofacitinib efficacy and supported pharmacodynamic similarity. These evaluations, alongside demonstrated equivalence in total systemic exposure between IR and XR formulations, provided the basis for the regulatory approval of tofacitinib XR once daily by the US Food and Drug Administration. PMID:27859030

The reaction mechanism with free energy barriers at constant potentials for the oxygen evolution reaction at the IrO 2 (110) surface

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ping, Yuan; Nielsen, Robert J.; Goddard, William A.

How to efficiently oxidize H 2O to O 2 (oxygen evolution reaction, OER) in photoelectrochemical cells (PEC) is a great challenge due to its complex charge transfer process, high overpotential, and corrosion. So far no OER mechanism has been fully explained atomistically with both thermodynamic and kinetics. IrO 2 is the only known OER catalyst with both high catalytic activity and stability in acidic conditions. This is important because PEC experiments often operate at extreme pH conditions. In this work, we performed first-principles calculations integrated with implicit solvation at constant potentials to examine the detailed atomistic reaction mechanism of OERmore » at the IrO 2 (110) surface. We determined the surface phase diagram, explored the possible reaction pathways including kinetic barriers, and computed reaction rates based on the microkinetic models. Furthermore, this allowed us to resolve several long-standing puzzles about the atomistic OER mechanism.« less

Distinguishing community benefits: tax exemption versus organizational legitimacy.

PubMed

Byrd, James D; Landry, Amy

2012-01-01

US policymakers continue to call into question the tax-exempt status of hospitals. As nonprofit tax-exempt entities, hospitals are required by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) to report the type and cost of community benefits they provide. Institutional theory indicates that organizations derive organizational legitimacy from conforming to the expectations of their environment. Expectations from the state and federal regulators (the IRS, state and local taxing authorities in particular) and the community require hospitals to provide community benefits to achieve legitimacy. This article examines community benefit through an institutional theory framework, which includes regulative (laws and regulation), normative (certification and accreditation), and cultural-cognitive (relationship with the community including the provision of community benefits) pillars. Considering a review of the results of a 2006 IRS study of tax-exempt hospitals, the authors propose a model of hospital community benefit behaviors that distinguishes community benefits between cost-quantifiable activities appropriate for justifying tax exemption and unquantifiable activities that only contribute to hospitals' legitimacy.

The reaction mechanism with free energy barriers at constant potentials for the oxygen evolution reaction at the IrO 2 (110) surface

DOE PAGES

Ping, Yuan; Nielsen, Robert J.; Goddard, William A.

2016-12-09

How to efficiently oxidize H 2O to O 2 (oxygen evolution reaction, OER) in photoelectrochemical cells (PEC) is a great challenge due to its complex charge transfer process, high overpotential, and corrosion. So far no OER mechanism has been fully explained atomistically with both thermodynamic and kinetics. IrO 2 is the only known OER catalyst with both high catalytic activity and stability in acidic conditions. This is important because PEC experiments often operate at extreme pH conditions. In this work, we performed first-principles calculations integrated with implicit solvation at constant potentials to examine the detailed atomistic reaction mechanism of OERmore » at the IrO 2 (110) surface. We determined the surface phase diagram, explored the possible reaction pathways including kinetic barriers, and computed reaction rates based on the microkinetic models. Furthermore, this allowed us to resolve several long-standing puzzles about the atomistic OER mechanism.« less

Atmospheric Remote Sensing via Infrared-Submillimeter Double Resonance

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Srikantaiah, Sree; Holt, Jennifer; Neese, Christopher F.; Phillips, Dane; Everitt, Henry O.; De Lucia, Frank C.

2016-06-01

Specificity and sensitivity in atmospheric pressure remote sensing have always been big challenges. This is especially true for approaches that involve the submillimeter/terahertz (smm/THz) spectral region because atmospheric pressure broadening precludes taking advantage of the small Doppler broadening in the region. The Infrared-submillimeter (IR-smm) double resonance spectroscopic technique allows us to obtain a more specific two-dimensional signature as well as a means of modulating the molecular signal to enhance its separation from background and system variation. Applying this technique at atmospheric pressure presents a unique bandwidth requirement on the IR pump laser, and the smm/THz receiver. We will discuss the pump system comprising of a CO2 TEA laser, plasma switch and a free induction decay hot cell designed to produce fast IR pulses on the time scale of atmospheric pressure relaxation and a high bandwidth fast pulse smm/THz receiver. System diagnostics will also be discussed. Results as a function of pressure and pump pulse width will be presented.

HST/WFC3 flux calibration ladder: Vega

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Deustua, Susana E.; Bohlin, Ralph; Pirzkal, Nor; MacKenty, John

2014-08-01

Vega is one of only a few stars calibrated against an SI-traceable blackbody, and is the historical flux standard. Photometric zeropoints of the Hubble Space Telescope's instruments rely on Vega, through the transfer of its calibration via stellar atmosphere models to the suite of standard stars. HST's recently implemented scan mode has enabled us to develop a path to an absolute SI traceable calibration for HST IR observations. To fill in the crucial gap between 0.9 and 1.7 micron in the absolute calibration, we acquired -1st order spectra of Vega with the two WFC3 infrared grisms. At the same time, we have improved the calibration of the -1st orders of both WFC3 IR grisms, as well as extended the dynamic range of WFC3 science observations by a factor of 10000. We describe our progress to date on the WFC3 `flux calibration ladder' project to provide currently needed accurate zeropoint measurements in the IR

Parkinson's Patients with Dyskinesia Switched from Immediate Release Amantadine to Open‐label ADS‐5102

PubMed Central

Fahn, Stanley; Pahwa, Rajesh; Tanner, Caroline M.; Espay, Alberto J.; Trenkwalder, Claudia; Adler, Charles H.; Patni, Rajiv; Johnson, Reed

2018-01-01

Abstract Background ADS‐5102 (amantadine) extended release capsules (GOCOVRI™) are a treatment for dyskinesia in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). ADS‐5102 reduced dyskinesia and OFF time in phase 3 controlled trials of up to six months. Amantadine immediate release (IR) is used for dyskinesia, but suboptimal durability and tolerability limit its clinical utility. Methods In an ongoing, open‐label, phase 3 study in the US and Western Europe (NCT02202551), patients with PD received 274 mg of ADS‐5102 (equivalent to 340 mg amantadine HCl) once daily at bedtime for up to two years. Study outcomes included safety and assessment of motor complications, as measured by the Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS‐UPDRS) Part IV. This manuscript focuses on those patients switched to ADS‐5102 from amantadine IR. Results in two groups of patients who previously completed a randomized controlled trial (EASE LID or EASE LID 3) are also presented according to use of ADS‐5102 or placebo in that study before enrollment in the open‐label study. Results Change in MDS‐UPDRS Part IV at week 8 was –0.3 in the previous ADS‐5102 subgroup (n = 61), –3.4 in the previous placebo subgroup (n = 79), and –3.4 in the previous amantadine IR subgroup (n = 32). Effects were maintained to week 64. In the previous amantadine IR subgroup (mean treatment duration, 2.5 years), mean amantadine IR dose was 221 mg. Safety data were consistent with previous randomized controlled trials of ADS‐5102. Conclusion These open‐label data suggest ADS‐5102 provides incremental reduction from baseline in MDS‐UDPRS Part IV score in patients switched directly from amantadine IR, without exacerbating adverse events.

The contribution of SHBG to the variation in HOMA-IR is not dependent on endogenous oestrogen or androgen levels in postmenopausal women.

PubMed

Davis, Susan R; Robinson, Penelope J; Moufarege, Alain; Bell, Robin J

2012-10-01

Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is a robust predictor of insulin resistance. Whether this is independent of circulating sex steroid levels remains uncertain. The aim of this study was to investigate the determinants of SHBG in postmenopausal women and whether the relationship between SHBG and insulin resistance is independent of oestrogen and androgen levels. A cross-sectional study of naturally and surgically menopausal women. Seven hundred and sixty three postmenopausal women not using any systemic hormone therapy, mean age 54·4 ± 5·8 years, recruited in the US, Canada, Australia, UK and Sweden between July 2004 and February 2005. Relationships between log-transformed (ln) SHBG and ln homoeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were explored, taking into account age, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP) and circulating oestradiol, oestrone, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. Taking into account age, race, years since menopause, menopause type, BMI, BP, prior postmenopausal hormone use and the sex steroids measured, 34·4% of the variation in SHBG could be explained by the model that included negative contributions by HOMA-IR, BMI and diastolic BP, and a positive contribution by total testosterone (P < 0·001). None of the sex steroids made independent contributions to HOMA-IR, which was best explained by the model that included BMI, SHBG, systolic BP and surgical menopause, with each variable being positively related to HOMA-IR (r(2) = 0·3152, P = 0·03). The relationship between SHBG and HOMA-IR, as an estimate of insulin resistance, is not explained by endogenous oestrogen and androgen levels and is, at least in part, independent of BMI in postmenopausal women. © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Crew Member Interface with Space Station Furnace Facility

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cash, Martha B.

1997-01-01

The Space Station Furnace Facility (SSFF) is a facility located in the International Space Station United States Laboratory (ISS US Lab) for materials research in the microgravity environment. The SSFF will accommodate basic research, commercial applications, and studies of phenomena of metals and alloys, electronic and photonic materials, and glasses and ceramics. To support this broad base of research requirements, the SSFF will operate, regulate, and support a variety of Experiment Modules (EMs). To meet station requirements concerning the microgravity level needed for experiments, station is providing an active vibration isolation system, and SSFF provides the interface. SSFF physically consists of a Core Rack and two instrument racks (IRs) that occupy three adjacent ISS US Lab rack locations within the International Space Station (ISS). All SSFF racks are modified International Standard Payload Racks (ISPR). SSFF racks will have a 50% larger pass through area on the lower sides than ISPRs to accommodate the many rack to rack interconnections. The Instrument Racks are further modified with lowered floors and an additional removable panel (15" x 22") on top of the rack for access if needed. The Core Rack shall contain all centralized Core subsystems and ISS subsystem equipment. The two Instrument Racks shall contain the distributed Core subsystem equipment, ISS subsystem equipment, and the EMs. The Core System, which includes the Core Rack, the IR structures, and subsystem components located in the IRs serves as the central control and management for the IRs and the EMs. The Core System receives the resources provided by the International Space Station (ISS) and modifies, allocates, and distributes these resources to meet the operational requirements of the furnace. The Core System is able to support a total of four EMs and can control, support, and activate/deactivate the operations of two EMs, simultaneously. The IRs can be configured to house two small EMs or one tall vertical EM, and serve as the interface between the Core and the respective EM. The Core Rack and an adjacent Instrument Rack (containing one or more furnaces) will be delivered to the ISS in one launch. This is Integrated Configuration One (ICI). The Core Rack and IRI will be passive during transport in the Mini Pressurized Logistics Module (MPLM): Any subsequent EMs to operate within IRI are installed on-orbit. The second IR (containing one or more furnaces) is delivered to ISS on a subsequent launch which will establish Integrated Configuration Two (IC2). Additional integrated configurations will be established with the replacement of EMs or Instrument Racks.

Equal Opportunity, Equal Work: Increasing Women's Participation in the U.S. President's Malaria Initiative Africa Indoor Residual Spraying Project

PubMed Central

Donner, Abigail; Belemvire, Allison; Johns, Ben; Mangam, Keith; Fiekowsky, Elana; Gunn, Jayleen; Hayden, Mary; Ernst, Kacey

2017-01-01

Background: One of the primary control measures for malaria transmission is indoor residual spraying (IRS). Historically, few women have worked in IRS programs, despite the income-generating potential. Increasing women's roles in IRS requires understanding the barriers to women's participation and implementing measures to address them. The U.S. President's Malaria Initiative (PMI) Africa Indoor Residual Spraying (AIRS) Project is the largest implementer of IRS globally. To address gender inequity in IRS operations, PMI AIRS assessed the barriers to the participation of women and developed and implemented policies to address these barriers. Methods: The PMI AIRS Project initially identified barriers through a series of informal assessments with key stakeholders. PMI AIRS then implemented a series of gender-guided policies, starting in 2015, in Benin, Ethiopia, Ghana, Mali, Madagascar, Mozambique, Rwanda, Senegal, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. The policies included adapting physical work environments to ensure privacy for women; ensuring the safety of women in the workplace; guaranteeing safety and job security of women during pregnancy; and encouraging qualified women to apply for supervisory positions. The project collected routine programmatic data on staff, spray quality, and spray efficiency; data from 2012 through the end of 2015 were analyzed (up through 1 year after implementation of the gender policies). In addition, PMI AIRS conducted surveys in 2015, 2016, and 2017 before and after the spray campaigns in 4 countries to determine changes in gender norms among spray operators through questions about decision making and agency. Results: The PMI AIRS Project increased women's employment with the program. Specifically, women's employment increased overall from 23% in 2012 to 29% in 2015, with a 2015 range from 16% (Mali) to 40% (Madagascar). Growth among supervisor roles was even stronger, with the percentage of women in supervisory roles increasing from 17% in 2012 to 46% in 2015, with a 2015 range from 9% (Mali) to 50% (Madagascar). While the data showed that in most countries women sprayed fewer houses per day than men in 2015, the differences were not meaningful, ranging from 0.1 to 1.2 households per day. Gender norms shifted toward more egalitarian views in 2 of the 4 countries with survey data. Conclusion: Preliminary results suggest the PMI AIRS Project gender policies are increasing the engagement of women in all aspects of spray operations, especially in supervisory roles. Expansion of these policies to all countries implementing IRS and to malaria control implementation more broadly is recommended. PMID:29242251

Equal Opportunity, Equal Work: Increasing Women's Participation in the U.S. President's Malaria Initiative Africa Indoor Residual Spraying Project.

PubMed

Donner, Abigail; Belemvire, Allison; Johns, Ben; Mangam, Keith; Fiekowsky, Elana; Gunn, Jayleen; Hayden, Mary; Ernst, Kacey

2017-12-28

One of the primary control measures for malaria transmission is indoor residual spraying (IRS). Historically, few women have worked in IRS programs, despite the income-generating potential. Increasing women's roles in IRS requires understanding the barriers to women's participation and implementing measures to address them. The U.S. President's Malaria Initiative (PMI) Africa Indoor Residual Spraying (AIRS) Project is the largest implementer of IRS globally. To address gender inequity in IRS operations, PMI AIRS assessed the barriers to the participation of women and developed and implemented policies to address these barriers. The PMI AIRS Project initially identified barriers through a series of informal assessments with key stakeholders. PMI AIRS then implemented a series of gender-guided policies, starting in 2015, in Benin, Ethiopia, Ghana, Mali, Madagascar, Mozambique, Rwanda, Senegal, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. The policies included adapting physical work environments to ensure privacy for women; ensuring the safety of women in the workplace; guaranteeing safety and job security of women during pregnancy; and encouraging qualified women to apply for supervisory positions. The project collected routine programmatic data on staff, spray quality, and spray efficiency; data from 2012 through the end of 2015 were analyzed (up through 1 year after implementation of the gender policies). In addition, PMI AIRS conducted surveys in 2015, 2016, and 2017 before and after the spray campaigns in 4 countries to determine changes in gender norms among spray operators through questions about decision making and agency. The PMI AIRS Project increased women's employment with the program. Specifically, women's employment increased overall from 23% in 2012 to 29% in 2015, with a 2015 range from 16% (Mali) to 40% (Madagascar). Growth among supervisor roles was even stronger, with the percentage of women in supervisory roles increasing from 17% in 2012 to 46% in 2015, with a 2015 range from 9% (Mali) to 50% (Madagascar). While the data showed that in most countries women sprayed fewer houses per day than men in 2015, the differences were not meaningful, ranging from 0.1 to 1.2 households per day. Gender norms shifted toward more egalitarian views in 2 of the 4 countries with survey data. Preliminary results suggest the PMI AIRS Project gender policies are increasing the engagement of women in all aspects of spray operations, especially in supervisory roles. Expansion of these policies to all countries implementing IRS and to malaria control implementation more broadly is recommended. © Donner et al.

U.S. EPA, Pesticide Product Label, POLE TOPPER FLUID, 03/27/1986

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

2011-04-21

... I GIU tltt '11' fll~III •• U!, ""Ill .... I,. ~"1If Z 'ft, IWf''''1 "l!tf~ ... JIll ,III ,'Iatt u,I'''IJ_'' rou Ta,," ,'flHI.1 '11 '.llItllutt ."UU1ItI'A I Ir."""l .... 'hI'" til N ._he ..... zaltll"lI" ... ...

Alternative Fuels Data Center

Science.gov Websites

Tax Exemption Alternative fuels used in a manner that the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) deems as of Columbia. This exemption is not available to tax exempt entities that are not liable for excise 4041) Point of Contact Excise Tax Branch U.S. Internal Revenue Service Office of Chief Counsel Phone

U.S. EPA, Pesticide Product Label, MEADOWS FLEA & TICK SPRAY, 01/12/1983

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

2011-04-14

... w.eping .. utlun,huld\\!I!I the di.p.II.lIr approxilllllt .. ly on .. foot ftom f"lt..g". <;I,r:>y botb upp.r .ud lo .... r leAf .. urf.c •• unttl visibly Wilt. Rp •• t •• n •• od ,--- ...

U.S. EPA, Pesticide Product Label, PROPOXUR HOUSEHOLD INSECT RESIDUAL SPRAY 0.5%, 03/04/1981

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

2011-04-14

... l~l)1'o(IR rst: Ant !i-, ('~Liro.lCht."s.. ... r 1.-: .. t". ~ ( 1 ". ... rf 1 sh. s-.r~d".!~" 2!.PJE.tl.~, -"I-:;;-t~~'.th~~

U.S. EPA, Pesticide Product Label, COYNE FORMULA NO. 266, 03/01/1990

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

2011-04-21

... r ~l~rol'~~l~r 1~ accnr~an~~ with 'I~~' ~~tio" ~f'·'. Y0~rr~)~~~ C""~·L ..... Ir."""-iuct c"r,c;"i.tlJ"'r~ ;'C~' ',~nt:" .)' ttl"Sf' c"')ndl1':ttjr;~ • ...

Institutional Research and the Student Learning Experience: Some Reflections on the Work of the Higher Education Academy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hammond, Nick

2009-01-01

Institutional research (IR) has a variety of definitions. International societies, such as the US-based Association for Institutional Research (AIR), stress not so much the topics of research, but the outcomes: "improved understanding, planning, management, and operation of postsecondary educational institutions and agencies";…

VITA Experiential, Service-Learning, Learned Competencies, and Changed Mindsets

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Boneck, Robin; Barnes, Jeffrey N.; Stillman, Tyler F.

2014-01-01

The authors describe how Southern Utah University has integrated the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (IRS) Voluntary Income Tax Assistance (VITA) program as an experiential servicelearning activity for over a decade and a half. First, we describe the value of experiential servicelearning. Second, we detail the program, its oversight, its student…

U.S. EPA, Pesticide Product Label, , 10/17/1985

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

2011-04-14

... I(lu(h,rl'l t',11 10 (,I HHIJ.l! 'III,", t,·, ,,f [," . 'l" ,. vnrnillflq /,f q'vf' "tf1.,ltlllllj tJ, fI"\\~I!I\\ Ir,

U.S. EPA, Pesticide Product Label, METHYL PARATHION TOXAPHENE 3-6, 04/11/1975

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

2011-04-14

... '. ttt'f ~),'fl)r .. , .. r~ll.k,I~ll}, ",Itlf'lq (Ir (irlrlk.lf)\\-lc .\\fTtH WUR!<., I I"" I~t .Iii 'N,'f'" l I"t""'" II,d ..... h~,t, .... S~I~:V"¥'t'r, ~; ,Ul~~ :.,tJ.i,-> tnd "'.,)t+'f. ...

U.S. EPA, Pesticide Product Label, CB-40 INSECTICIDE, 06/25/1990

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

2011-04-21

... tslilul,<;!lr:H,';\\!5 [J,) r,,·t ,11.';': k. ,: • 1'1 Ie cl.: ,', qol"~'r{'rli boll h.uldill19 ~,I[iI~:,f '. r ""." (r ~'·:l,(,"P ;"i;,., ! Ir'."j I" rO{(·".q'·qu'p'n,'I ... l UH CH: MICA! ...

U.S. EPA, Pesticide Product Label, SANI-CLOTH PLUS GERMICIDAL DISPOSABLE CLOTH, 10/30/2007

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

2011-04-21

... Escherichia coli (E. coli) 0157:H7 (AIQGE~5Jj:5P) .... ... k1~~~g~:g~l~~I~r~;,'~ 1~~~~:e!g:'tEi#ure~"wiP.Ei!:c)~~b;s:;[~H~';iji~9J!Ii;~~] ...

U.S. EPA, Pesticide Product Label, ROCKLAND LAWN WEED KILLER, 07/11/1974

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

2011-04-14

... ft., ... Do .. ot co"t.",r".twtr u •• d for dom •• tic or Ir,i,. tlota lMI'ItOM •• K .. ,. COIt'.'It.,.. clo.ed. Do ItO' .tor. " •• rh •• t or 0 ... " fla.. nor .. ed.. f.rtilil.,.. ...

High School Apprenticeship: Eleven Years of Benefits to the U.S. Army Chemical Research, Development and Engineering Center

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-09-01

8217. Patrick Engram Palantiri 18. Maria Horsey Data Base Program 19. John Kelley A Curve-Fitting Program for Behavioral Studies 20. Ingrid Kohlstadt Computers...SP-85010 AUTHOR TITLE 1. Patrick Engram IR Smoke Pots 2. Denise Hammond Triple Quadruple Mass Spectrometry of Dimethylmethylphosphonate 3. Kelly

U.S. EPA, Pesticide Product Label, , 03/01/1982

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

2011-04-14

... D\\l nl.'t apply tc. i( lia~·t- cot whitt: L% 6'o.'('!t p, ~.,: t:!-.. Thi~ pr(lJ\\j, t i~ tl',xic t,\\ f i;;'j. t--':'L"!: I d (·tht:.r .il"':lifc. Birds anJ oth£,'T .. 11d~ift? t~~Jinf' ir. ...

U.S. EPA, Pesticide Product Label, , 08/25/1970

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

2011-04-14

... 111( ill.·) IH'!' ;tc-i"" (!"IJt'rI41IfJ~' I'll ':.1 cl"~.~I!" I,r Iwlll:II,,,I,, Ili('" t:,,'1I11 1"';111'11 i';[1 )..:1'11\\1 II "II In';t\\,,d ,,:1 ,lllIlild Ii": i". I·,·d 'I' dain' alii 111;(1, III ...

Robust Requirements Tracing via Internet Search Technology: Improving an IV and V Technique. Phase 2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hayes, Jane; Dekhtyar, Alex

2004-01-01

There are three major objectives to this phase of the work. (1) Improvement of Information Retrieval (IR) methods for Independent Verification and Validation (IV&V) requirements tracing. Information Retrieval methods are typically developed for very large (order of millions - tens of millions and more documents) document collections and therefore, most successfully used methods somewhat sacrifice precision and recall in order to achieve efficiency. At the same time typical IR systems treat all user queries as independent of each other and assume that relevance of documents to queries is subjective for each user. The IV&V requirements tracing problem has a much smaller data set to operate on, even for large software development projects; the set of queries is predetermined by the high-level specification document and individual requirements considered as query input to IR methods are not necessarily independent from each other. Namely, knowledge about the links for one requirement may be helpful in determining the links of another requirement. Finally, while the final decision on the exact form of the traceability matrix still belongs to the IV&V analyst, his/her decisions are much less arbitrary than those of an Internet search engine user. All this suggests that the information available to us in the framework of the IV&V tracing problem can be successfully leveraged to enhance standard IR techniques, which in turn would lead to increased recall and precision. We developed several new methods during Phase II; (2) IV&V requirements tracing IR toolkit. Based on the methods developed in Phase I and their improvements developed in Phase II, we built a toolkit of IR methods for IV&V requirements tracing. The toolkit has been integrated, at the data level, with SAIC's SuperTracePlus (STP) tool; (3) Toolkit testing. We tested the methods included in the IV&V requirements tracing IR toolkit on a number of projects.

Thermal imaging application for behavior study of chosen nocturnal animals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pregowski, Piotr; Owadowska, Edyta; Pietrzak, Jan

2004-04-01

This paper presents preliminary results of the project brought up with aim to verify the hypothesis that small, nocturnal rodents use common paths which form a common, rather stable system for fast movement. This report concentrates on results of merging uniquely good detecting features of modern IR thermal cameras with newly elaborated software. Among the final results offered by this method there are both thermal movies and single synthetic graphic images of paths traced during a few minutes or hours of investigations, as well as detailed numerical data of the ".txt" type about chosen detected events. Although it is to early to say that elaborated method will allow us to answer all ecological questions, it is possible to say that we worked out a new, valuable tool for the next steps of our project. We expect that this method enables us to solve the important ecological problems of nocturnal animals study. Supervised, stably settled area can be enlarged by use of a few thermal imagers or IR thermographic cameras, simultaneously. Presented method can be applied in other uses, even distant from presented e.g. ecological corridors detection.

Electron localization of anions probed by nitrile vibrations

DOE PAGES

Mani, Tomoyasu; Grills, David C.; Newton, Marshall D.; ...

2015-08-02

Localization and delocalization of electrons is a key concept in chemistry, and is one of the important factors determining the efficiency of electron transport through organic conjugated molecules, which have potential to act as “molecular wires”. This, in turn, substantially influences the efficiencies of organic solar cells and other molecular electronic devices. It is also necessary to understand the electronic energy landscape and the dynamics of electrons through molecular chain that govern their transport capabilities in one-dimensional conjugated chains so that we can better define the design principles of conjugated molecules for their applications. We show that nitrile ν(C≡N) vibrationsmore » respond to the degree of electron localization in nitrile-substituted organic anions by utilizing time-resolved infrared (TRIR) detection combined with pulse radiolysis. Measurements of a series of aryl nitrile anions allow us to construct a semi-empirical calibration curve between the changes in the ν(C≡N) IR shifts and the changes in the electronic charges from the neutral to the anion states in the nitriles; more electron localization in the nitrile anion results in larger IR shifts. Furthermore, the IR linewidth in anions can report a structural change accompanying changes in the electronic density distribution. Probing the shift of the nitrile ν(C≡N) IR vibrational bands enables us to determine how the electron is localized in anions of nitrile-functionalized oligofluorenes, considered as organic mixed-valence compounds. We estimate the diabatic electron transfer distance, electronic coupling strengths, and energy barriers in these organic mixed-valence compounds. The analysis reveals a dynamic picture, showing that the electron is moving back and forth within the oligomers with a small activation energy of ≤ k BT, likely controlled by the movement of dihedral angles between monomer units. Thus, implications for the electron transport capability in "molecular wires" are discussed.« less

Calculation of Blowout Gun Nozzle Temperatures

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-07-01

rt u <u p- a Tto> tocNTj- t^f^o a>t-^oo MOtr^ vOi-i (NtOt/J L/JOOO sOLOr -- t^vOOO "*L0 \\or^QO vot^o invot^ uosor-> O ir^ O ’ o oo O 00 f...Cmd 28150 Dequindre Road Warren, MI 48090 Project Manager Cannon Artillery Wpns Systems ATTN: DRCPM-CAWS US Army ARRADCOM Dover, NJ 07801...Director US Army TRADOC Systems Analysis Activity ATTN: ATAA-SL, Tech Lib White Sands Missile Range, NM 88002 Organization No. of Copies 1

Radiation-induced senescence-like phenotype in proliferating and plateau-phase vascular endothelial cells

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Igarashi, Kaori; Sakimoto, Ippei; Kataoka, Keiko

The effects of ionizing radiation (IR) on tumor angiogenesis still remain largely unknown. In this study, we found that IR (8 Gy) induces a high-frequency (80-90%) senescence-like phenotype in vascular endothelial cells (ECs) undergoing exponential growth. This finding allowed us to characterize the IR-induced senescence-like (IRSL) phenotype by examining the gene expression profiles and in vitro angiogenic activities of these ECs. The expression levels of genes associated with cell cycle progression and DNA replication were remarkably reduced in the IRSL ECs. Additionally, the in vitro invasion and migration activities of these cells through Matrigel were significantly suppressed. We also foundmore » that confluent ECs exhibited a high-frequency IRSL phenotype when they were replated immediately after irradiation, whereas incubation in plateau-phase conditions reduced the induction of this phenotype and enhanced colony formation. The kinetics of DNA double-strand break repair, which showed a faster time course in confluent ECs than in growing ECs, may contribute to the protective mechanism associated with the IRSL phenotype. These results imply that the IRSL phenotype may be important for determining the angiogenic activity of ECs following irradiation. The present study should contribute to the understanding of the effects of IR on tumor angiogenesis.« less

Particle and heat flux estimates in Proto-MPEX in Helicon Mode with IR imaging

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Showers, M. A.; Biewer, T. M.; Caughman, J. B. O.; Donovan, D. C.; Goulding, R. H.; Rapp, J.

2016-10-01

The Prototype Material Plasma Exposure eXperiment (Proto-MPEX) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) is a linear plasma device developing the plasma source concept for the Material Plasma Exposure eXperiment (MPEX), which will address plasma material interaction (PMI) science for future fusion reactors. To better understand how and where energy is being lost from the Proto-MPEX plasma during ``helicon mode'' operations, particle and heat fluxes are quantified at multiple locations along the machine length. Relevant diagnostics include infrared (IR) cameras, four double Langmuir probes (LPs), and in-vessel thermocouples (TCs). The IR cameras provide temperature measurements of Proto-MPEX's plasma-facing dump and target plates, located on either end of the machine. The change in surface temperature is measured over the duration of the plasma shot to determine the heat flux hitting the plates. The IR cameras additionally provide 2-D thermal load distribution images of these plates, highlighting Proto-MPEX plasma behaviors, such as hot spots. The LPs and TCs provide additional plasma measurements required to determine particle and heat fluxes. Quantifying axial variations in fluxes will help identify machine operating parameters that will improve Proto-MPEX's performance, increasing its PMI research capabilities. This work was supported by the U.S. D.O.E. contract DE-AC05-00OR22725.

Final technical report. In-situ FT-IR monitoring of a black liquor recovery boiler

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

James Markham; Joseph Cosgrove; David Marran

1999-05-31

This project developed and tested advanced Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) instruments for process monitoring of black liquor recovery boilers. The state-of-the-art FT-IR instruments successfully operated in the harsh environment of a black liquor recovery boiler and provided a wealth of real-time process information. Concentrations of multiple gas species were simultaneously monitored in-situ across the combustion flow of the boiler and extractively at the stack. Sensitivity to changes of particulate fume and carryover levels in the process flow were also demonstrated. Boiler set-up and operation is a complex balance of conditions that influence the chemical and physical processes in the combustionmore » flow. Operating parameters include black liquor flow rate, liquor temperature, nozzle pressure, primary air, secondary air, tertiary air, boiler excess oxygen and others. The in-process information provided by the FT-IR monitors can be used as a boiler control tool since species indicative of combustion efficiency (carbon monoxide, methane) and pollutant emissions (sulfur dioxide, hydrochloric acid and fume) were monitored in real-time and observed to fluctuate as operating conditions were varied. A high priority need of the U.S. industrial boiler market is improved measurement and control technology. The sensor technology demonstrated in this project is applicable to the need of industry.« less

Large-scale exact diagonalizations reveal low-momentum scales of nuclei

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Forssén, C.; Carlsson, B. D.; Johansson, H. T.; Sääf, D.; Bansal, A.; Hagen, G.; Papenbrock, T.

2018-03-01

Ab initio methods aim to solve the nuclear many-body problem with controlled approximations. Virtually exact numerical solutions for realistic interactions can only be obtained for certain special cases such as few-nucleon systems. Here we extend the reach of exact diagonalization methods to handle model spaces with dimension exceeding 1010 on a single compute node. This allows us to perform no-core shell model (NCSM) calculations for 6Li in model spaces up to Nmax=22 and to reveal the 4He+d halo structure of this nucleus. Still, the use of a finite harmonic-oscillator basis implies truncations in both infrared (IR) and ultraviolet (UV) length scales. These truncations impose finite-size corrections on observables computed in this basis. We perform IR extrapolations of energies and radii computed in the NCSM and with the coupled-cluster method at several fixed UV cutoffs. It is shown that this strategy enables information gain also from data that is not fully UV converged. IR extrapolations improve the accuracy of relevant bound-state observables for a range of UV cutoffs, thus making them profitable tools. We relate the momentum scale that governs the exponential IR convergence to the threshold energy for the first open decay channel. Using large-scale NCSM calculations we numerically verify this small-momentum scale of finite nuclei.

Multi-wavelength seds of Herschel-selected galaxies in the cosmos field

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lee, Nicholas; Sanders, D. B.; Casey, Caitlin M.

2013-12-01

We combine Herschel Photodetector Array Camera and Spectrometer and Spectral and Photometric Imaging Receiver maps of the full 2 deg{sup 2} Cosmic Evolution Survey (COSMOS) field with existing multi-wavelength data to obtain template and model-independent optical-to-far-infrared spectral energy distributions (SEDs) for 4218 Herschel-selected sources with log(L {sub IR}/L {sub ☉}) = 9.4-13.6 and z = 0.02-3.54. Median SEDs are created by binning the optical to far-infrared (FIR) bands available in COSMOS as a function of infrared luminosity. Herschel probes rest-frame wavelengths where the bulk of the infrared radiation is emitted, allowing us to more accurately determine fundamental dust properties ofmore » our sample of infrared luminous galaxies. We find that the SED peak wavelength (λ{sub peak}) decreases and the dust mass (M {sub dust}) increases with increasing total infrared luminosity (L {sub IR}). In the lowest infrared luminosity galaxies (log(L {sub IR}/L {sub ☉}) = 10.0-11.5), we see evidence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) features (λ ∼ 7-9 μm), while in the highest infrared luminosity galaxies (L {sub IR} > 10{sup 12} L {sub ☉}) we see an increasing contribution of hot dust and/or power-law emission, consistent with the presence of heating from an active galactic nucleus (AGN). We study the relationship between stellar mass and star formation rate of our sample of infrared luminous galaxies and find no evidence that Herschel-selected galaxies follow the SFR/M {sub *} 'main sequence' as previously determined from studies of optically selected, star-forming galaxies. Finally, we compare the mid-infrared to FIR properties of our infrared luminous galaxies using the previously defined diagnostic, IR8 ≡ L {sub IR}/L {sub 8}, and find that galaxies with L {sub IR} ≳ 10{sup 11.3} L {sub ☉} tend to systematically lie above (× 3-5) the IR8 'infrared main sequence', suggesting either suppressed PAH emission or an increasing contribution from AGN heating.« less

High Resolution IRS Mapping of the Star-Forming Region NGC 6334 A

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sarma, Anuj; Abel, Nicholas; Ferland, Gary; Mayo, Elizabeth; Troland, Thomas

2005-06-01

Star formation involves the interplay of thermal, gravitational and magnetic forces. These processes lead to a dynamically evolving region in which O stars ionize the surrounding medium, and the ionized gas expands into the molecular cloud. Of these forces, magnetic effects are the least understood. A detailed analysis of the conditions in star-forming environments requires that one combine magnetic field observations with observations of the ionized, atomic, and molecular gas along with dust. We propose to carry out high-resolution IRS spectroscopy between 9.9-37.2 microns of the nearby (1.7 kpc) star-forming region NGC 6334 A. Maps of the magnetic field strength in the molecular gas exist for NGC 6334 A, yet the conditions in the H II region, the surrounding photodissociated region (PDR), and the dynamical interaction between the two regions are poorly understood. In the H II region, our proposed observation will allow us to use well-known infrared diagnostic ratios to determine the electron density, temperature, and the hardness of the continuum source. Spitzer observations of rotational transitions of molecular hydrogen and PAH emission, combined with previous observations, will allow us to determine the hydrogen density, UV radiation flux, and temperature in the PDR. We will combine our observations with theoretical calculations, using the spectral synthesis code Cloudy. Recent improvements to Cloudy include a ~1000 reaction molecular network, the ability to treat the dynamical flow of ionized gas into a molecular cloud, and the effects of magnetic pressure. Matching the observed spectra with theoretical calculations will tell us the physical conditions in the H II region and PDR, the role of magnetic fields in NGC 6334 A, and the importance of dynamics in the region. Overall, IRS observations of NGC 6334 A offers a unique opportunity to study, at high spatial resolution, many of the physical processes in star-forming regions.

Dynamics of molecules in extreme rotational states

PubMed Central

Yuan, Liwei; Teitelbaum, Samuel W.; Robinson, Allison; Mullin, Amy S.

2011-01-01

We have constructed an optical centrifuge with a pulse energy that is more than 2 orders of magnitude larger than previously reported instruments. This high pulse energy enables us to create large enough number densities of molecules in extreme rotational states to perform high-resolution state-resolved transient IR absorption measurements. Here we report the first studies of energy transfer dynamics involving molecules in extreme rotational states. In these studies, the optical centrifuge drives CO2 molecules into states with J ∼ 220 and we use transient IR probing to monitor the subsequent rotational, translational, and vibrational energy flow dynamics. The results reported here provide the first molecular insights into the relaxation of molecules with rotational energy that is comparable to that of a chemical bond.

Solidify, An LLVM pass to compile LLVM IR into Solidity

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kothapalli, Abhiram

The software currently compiles LLVM IR into Solidity (Ethereum’s dominant programming language) using LLVM’s pass library. Specifically, his compiler allows us to convert an arbitrary DSL into Solidity. We focus specifically on converting Domain Specific Languages into Solidity due to their ease of use, and provable properties. By creating a toolchain to compile lightweight domain-specific languages into Ethereum's dominant language, Solidity, we allow non-specialists to effectively develop safe and useful smart contracts. For example lawyers from a certain firm can have a proprietary DSL that codifies basic laws safely converted to Solidity to be securely executed on the blockchain. Inmore » another example, a simple provenance tracking language can be compiled and securely executed on the blockchain.« less

Final Environmental Assessment Test Operations at Arnold Engineering Development Center. Volumes 1 & 2

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-06-01

ir Fo rc e B as e, T en ne ss ee Fi gu re 1 -2 A er od yn am ic s A er op ro pu ls io n S pa ce & M is si le In fr as...lin es /te xt - fa ci lit ie s in s ta nd by o r m ot hb al le d st at us H ea lth , S af et y an d E nv ir on m en ta l M an ag em en t S ys...yp er so ni c C A er ot he rm al C A FC L La b H E AT -H 2 C C O S

Characterization of diffraction gratings scattering in uv and ir for space applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Achour, Sakina; Kuperman-Le Bihan, Quentin; Etcheto, Pierre

2017-09-01

The use of Bidirectional Scatter Distribution Function (BSDF) in space industry and especially when designing telescopes is a key feature. Indeed when speaking about space industry, one can immediately think about stray light issues. Those important phenomena are directly linked to light scattering. Standard BSDF measurement goniophotometers often have a resolution of about 0.1° and are mainly working in or close to the visible spectrum. This resolution is far too loose to characterize ultra-polished surfaces. Besides, wavelength range of BSDF measurements for space projects needs to be done far from visible range. How can we measure BSDF of ultra-polished surfaces and diffraction gratings in the UV and IR range with high resolution? We worked on developing a new goniophometer bench in order to be able to characterize scattering of ultra-polished surfaces and diffraction gratings used in everyday space applications. This ten meters long bench was developed using a collimated beam approach as opposed to goniophotometer using focused beam. Sources used for IR characterization were CO2 (10.6?m) and Helium Neon (3.39?m) lasers. Regarding UV sources, a collimated and spatially filtered UV LED was used. The detection was ensure by a photomultiplier coupled with synchronous detection as well as a MCT InSb detector. The so-built BSDF measurement instrument allowed us to measure BSDF of ultra-polished surfaces as well as diffraction gratings with an angular resolution of 0.02° and a dynamic of 1013 in the visible range. In IR as well as in UV we manage to get 109 with same angular resolution of 0.02°. The 1m arm and translation stages allows us to measure samples up to 200mm. Thanks to such a device allowing ultra-polished materials as well as diffraction gratings scattering characterization, it is possible to implement those BSDF measurements into simulation software and predict stray light issues. This is a big help for space industry engineers to apprehend stray light due to surface finishes and to delete those effects before the whole project is done. We are now thinking of possible improvement on our optical bench to try to get dynamic in IR and UV similar to what we have in visible range (e.g. 1013).

Effect of pulsed and continuous ultrasound on structural and magnetic properties of nano-sized Ni0.4Cu0.2Zn0.4Fe2O4 ferrite

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hassen, Harzali; Adel, Megriche; Arbi, Mgaidi

2018-03-01

Ultrasound-assisted co-precipitation has been used to prepare nano-sized Ni0.4Cu0.2Zn0.4Fe2O4 ferrite. Continuous (C-US) and pulsed (P-US) ultrasound modes are used at constant frequency = 20 kHz, reaction time = 2 h and pulse durations of 10 s on and 10 s off. All experiments were conducted at two temperatures 90 and 100°C. Samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform spectroscopy (FT-IR), N2 adsorption isotherms at 77 k analysis (BET), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) techniques. A nanocrystalline single-phase with particle size in the range 12-18 nm is obtained in both modes: continuous and pulsed ultrasound mode. FT-IR measurements show two absorption bands assigned to the tetrahedral and octahedral vibrations (ν1 and ν2) characteristics of cubic spinel ferrite. The specific surface area (S BET) is in the range of 110-140 m2 g-1 and an average pore size between 5.5 and 6.5 nm. The lowest values are obtained in pulsed mode. Finally, this work shows that the magnetic properties are affected by the ultrasound conditions, without affecting the particle shape. The saturation magnetization (Ms) values obtained for all samples are comparable. In P-US mode, the saturation magnetization (Ms) increases as temperature increases. Moreover, P-US mode opens a new avenue for synthesis of NiCuZn ferrites.

U.S. EPA, Pesticide Product Label, FARMCRAFT TOXAPHENE-10, 06/29/1973

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

2011-04-14

... lI lfi;"r J\\IlOrll(,\\'" f,'t'" "II'\\lt'r " ," ,\\ ho':t, .Ir uart frllul l'fHf'lJ('t'. bv fh,' IIt1r'lta~1 r fll bi~ tra()~(l'rf'l' l\\I't if I .. trll't ;lcl'(Irchp'I'" with .)irf'('lipf~ ai .. fin hflrewilh, ...

U.S. EPA, Pesticide Product Label, PURITY BACTERIOSTATIC WATER TREATMENT UNIT,MODEL 514C.C., 09/10/1982

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

2011-04-21

... [ .... EEO PL"',lI.', Pl:>1S:. .. · nAG.',EEJ A€~f)EA~''''ETTlE RE::'f-o':'::l P,G'.H:JR;)S",lhPEt. ... ','.! Pf" g':-'" iI~~~ 2.- ~~. I.~r 0" S' l_t e I.l'l ~aM;: .I.,. ...

U.S. EPA, Pesticide Product Label, MONOPROP MOLD KILLER, 08/28/1986

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

2011-04-21

... The. 4t.poe. of e~t1 baa illl .... i- 1ary lan4fill or by iatineration. or. ... ( •• f ( I A,.Iy It poe"", 'Jlt!1' tGn 'Gf • 'r .. 4h 'nrage I>v 'fIr:lIln!l·~'t" fn .. "~ I. It !f<>f!lI. ...

75 FR 33382 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request for Form 926

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-11

..., Public Law 104-13 (44 U.S.C. 3506(c)(2)(A)). Currently, the IRS is soliciting comments concerning Form 926, Return by a U.S. Transferor of Property to a Foreign Corporation, Foreign Estate or Trust, or... contents may become material in the administration of any internal revenue law. Generally, tax returns and...

76 FR 56878 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request for Form 1120-REIT.

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-14

... 1995, Public Law 104-13 (44 U.S.C. 3506(c)(2)(A)). Currently, the IRS is soliciting comments concerning Form 1120-REIT, U.S. Income Tax Return for Real Estate Investment Trusts. DATES: Written comments... Investment Trusts. OMB Number: 1545-1004. Form Number: 1120-REIT. Abstract: Form 1120-REIT is filed by a...

U.S. EPA, Pesticide Product Label, ALL SEASON SPRAYABLE WEED & FEED, 10/04/1991

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

2011-04-21

... ltifo ~tdt~U4:tl\\. "tl(, ~(\\t ~lt:p'.\\ nlr~Ltl) to ""II" 1u '11(';,\\ etf' ~ur·t~(f. "'ilter '\\ r,t,.,Stl1t \\.or to I,'t'd1.,O')1 at «.;~ lr I"" Ir,£ I',tan r II/I: If<1ter .:ar ... • ...

Fires Bulletin: A Joinit Professional Bulletin for US Field & Air Defense Artillerymen, January-February 2008

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-02-01

Patch Board recommended combining the Coast Artillery with its AAA mission and the FA to form one Artillery. Although the Coast Artillery’s ir ...Manager, Can- non (TCM-Cannon) at Fort Sill, Okla- homa , Product Manager Fires Support Platforms (PM-FSP) and BAE Systems. All the FOV will be

U.S. EPA, Pesticide Product Label, STOCKADE NO FLY RABON (R) 7.76 ORAL LARVICIDE PREMIX, 06/17/1976

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

2011-04-21

... nr IJr [I, r)'rr(:~:(r,' Jr '1il'.\\ Iwnrlfli ;'j."";v "\\'.' o! ~)I ,-.iv'l ir liquid [,·-d ';urpl.'r.It'1t':. I '( '. 1{ : ~':i [rIll r ,r r [,,"1' r,. : ri '( I \\, t ). II , " 1 ',)( ) r l'-,· " 1 f i : i ...

U.S. EPA, Pesticide Product Label, T-CHLOR, 02/21/1990

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

2011-04-21

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Identification and Initial Screening of New Compounds to Control Harmful Algal Blooms

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-08-01

industry, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) IR-4 Project ( minor use pesticides), and the USEPA-OPP to discuss the lack of alternatives for...duckweed, Lemna gibba L. Environmental Toxicology 20: 67-73. ERDC/TN ANSRP-06-2 August 2006 7 Lam, A. K.-Y., and E. E. Prepas. 1997. In situ

U.S. EPA, Pesticide Product Label, MYCOTROL ES, 11/13/2008

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

2011-04-21

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IPM Projects - National Site for the Regional IPM Centers

Science.gov Websites

IPM Roadmap Center Products IPM Databases Home » IPM in the US » IPM Projects IPM Projects USDA Regional IPM Centers (and others) USDA Current Research Information System (CRIS) IR-4 Minor Crops Program Agriculture - National Institute of Food and Agriculture Website managed by the Southern IPM Center. Design

U.S. EPA, Pesticide Product Label, VOLCK SUPREME OIL SPRAY, 02/07/1983

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

2011-04-13

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Improvements on FEA with a two-step simulation of experimental procedures in turbine blade crack detection in sonic IR NDE

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Ding; Han, Xiaoyan; Newaz, Golam; Favro, Lawrence D.; Thomas, Robert L.

2013-01-01

We showed our work on modeling turbine blade crack detection in Sonic Infrared (IR) Imaging with a method of creating flat crack surface in finite element analysis (FEA) in last year's QNDE paper. This modeling has been carried out continuously as part of model-assisted study on crack detection in aircraft engine turbine blades. We have presented that Sonic IR Imaging NDE is a viable method to detect defects in various structures. It combines ultrasound excitation for frictional heating in defects and infrared imaging to sense this heating, and thus to identify the defects. It is a fast wide-area imaging technology. It only takes a second to image a large area of a target sample. When an aircraft is in flight, the turbine engine blades operate under high temperature and high cyclic stresses. Thus, fatigue cracks can form after many hours of operation. Sonic IR Imaging can be used to detect such cracks. However, we still need to better understand contributions of parameters/factors in the crack detection process with Sonic IR Imaging. FEA modeling can help us to reveal certain aspects through the data it produces where experimental work cannot achieve. Upon the model we presented last year, a two-step simulation process was designed to simulate the important aspects in our experiments. These include a newly designed model for the ultrasound transducer which delivers mechanical energy to the sample and the implementation of static force while engaging the transducer to the sample. In this paper, we present the ideas and the results from the new model.

A web-based incident reporting system: a two years' experience in an Italian research and teaching hospital.

PubMed

Bodina, A; Demarchi, A; Castaldi, S

2014-01-01

A web-based incident reporting system (IRS) is a tool allowing healthcare workers to voluntary and anonymously report adverse events/near misses. In 2010, this system was introduced in a research and teaching hospital in metropolitan area in the North part of Italy, in order to detect errors and to learn from failures in care delivery. The aim of this paper is to assess whether and how IRS has proved to be a valuable tool to manage clinical risk and improve healthcare quality. Adverse events are reported anonymously by staff members with the use of an online template form available in the hospital intranet. We retrospectively reviewed the recorded data for each incident/near miss reported between January 2011 and December 2012. The number of reported incidents/near misses was 521 in 2011 and 442 in 2012. In the two years the admissions were 36.974 and 36.107 respectively. We noticed that nursing staff made more use of IRS and that reported errors were basically related to prescription and administration of medications. Much international literature reports that adverse events and near misses are 10% of admissions. Our data are far from that number, thus meaning that a failure in reporting adverse events exists. This consideration, together with the high number of near misses in comparison with occurred errors, leads us to speculate that adverse events with serious consequences for patients are marginally reported. Probably the lack of a strong leadership considering IRS as an instrument for improving quality and operators' reluctance to overcome the culture of blame may negatively affect IRS.

Spatially Resolved Far-Infrared Spectroscopic Analysis of Planetary Nebulae

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rattray, Rebecca; Ueta, Toshiya

2015-01-01

Planetary Nebulae (PNs) are late-life intermediate-mass (1-8 solar mass) stars that have shed their outer layers. A wide variety of morphologies and physical conditions is seen in PNs, but a complete understanding of what causes these various conditions is still needed. Spatially resolved far-infrared spectroscopic analysis has been performed on 11 targets using both PACS and SPIRE instruments on the Herschel Space Observatory as part of the Herschel Planetary Nebula Survey (HerPlaNS). Far-IR lines probe the ionized parts of the nebulae and suffer less extinction than optical lines, so observations in the far-IR are critical to our complete understanding of PNs. Because PNs are extended objects, the spectral mapping capabilities of both PACS and SPIRE allow us to better understand the spatial variations of the objects by tracking line strengths as a function of location within the nebula. The far-IR lines detected in this study can be used as tracers of electron density and electron temperature which are critical parameters in radiative transfer modeling of PNs. Information on atomic, ionic, and molecular lines identified in these 11 targets will be presented.

[Docimologic analysis of 4th-year preclinical exam questions].

PubMed

Gnagne-Agnero, Koffi N; Zinsou, E M; Assoumou, N M; Adiko, E F

2003-12-01

Operative Dentistry and Endodontics' Department of the School of Dentistry of Abidjan experienced pre-clinical exam in fourth year of dentistry with MCQ following guided courses which aim was to lead student to be correctly in charge of the patients when they start their first clinical performance. The objective off his this work is to show how one's can analyse exams questions efficiently. In this work the authors present et discuss the results of the evaluation of this preclinical exam performed through calculation of index of success (Ir) which gives us information on the difficulty of a question for all the students who answered, the discriminative index (Id) which allow to determine when a question is selective enough to distinguish weak to strong students in a group. The mean to evaluate is well chosen because the questions asked has a Ir between 46% et 80% (satisfying Ir) and the average Id is between 0.30 and 0.53 (Id discriminates well among 0.30 et 1). This methodology allows an evaluation of a high number of students by stocked questions.

ACS experiment for atmospheric studies on "ExoMars-2016" Orbiter

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Korablev, O. I.; Montmessin, F.; Fedorova, A. A.; Ignatiev, N. I.; Shakun, A. V.; Trokhimovskiy, A. V.; Grigoriev, A. V.; Anufreichik, K. A.; Kozlova, T. O.

2015-12-01

ACS is a set of spectrometers for atmospheric studies (Atmospheric Chemistry Suite). It is one of the Russian instruments for the Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) of the Russian-European "ExoMars" program. The purpose of the experiment is to study the Martian atmosphere by means of two observations regimes: sensitive trace gases measurements in solar occultations and by monitoring the atmospheric state during nadir observations. The experiment will allow us to approach global problems of Mars research such as current volcanism, and the modern climate status and its evolution. Also, the experiment is intended to solve the mystery of methane presence in the Martian atmosphere. Spectrometers of the ACS set cover the spectral range from the near IR-range (0.7 μm) to the thermal IR-range (17 μm) with spectral resolution λ/Δλ reaching 50000. The ACS instrument consists of three independent IR spectrometers and an electronics module, all integrated in a single unit with common mechanical, electrical and thermal interfaces. The article gives an overview of scientific tasks and presents the concept of the experiment.

Mid-infrared optical parametric oscillator pumped by an amplified random fiber laser

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shang, Yaping; Shen, Meili; Wang, Peng; Li, Xiao; Xu, Xiaojun

2017-01-01

Recently, the concept of random fiber lasers has attracted a great deal of attention for its feature to generate incoherent light without a traditional laser resonator, which is free of mode competition and insure the stationary narrow-band continuous modeless spectrum. In this Letter, we reported the first, to the best of our knowledge, optical parametric oscillator (OPO) pumped by an amplified 1070 nm random fiber laser (RFL), in order to generate stationary mid-infrared (mid-IR) laser. The experiment realized a watt-level laser output in the mid-IR range and operated relatively stable. The use of the RFL seed source allowed us to take advantage of its respective stable time-domain characteristics. The beam profile, spectrum and time-domain properties of the signal light were measured to analyze the process of frequency down-conversion process under this new pumping condition. The results suggested that the near-infrared (near-IR) signal light `inherited' good beam performances from the pump light. Those would be benefit for further develop about optical parametric process based on different pumping circumstances.

FIR/THz Space Interferometry: Science Opportunities, Mission Concepts, and Technical Challenges

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Leisawitz, David

2007-01-01

Sensitive far-IR imaging and spectroscopic measurements of astronomical objects on sub-arcsecond angular scales are essential to our understanding of star and planet formation, the formation and evolution of galaxies, and to the detection and characterization of extrasolar planets. Cold single-aperture telescopes in space, such as the Spitzer Space Telescope and the Herschel Space Observatory, are very sensitive, but they lack the necessary angular resolution by two or more orders of magnitude. Far-IR space interferometers will address this need in the coming decades. Several mission concepts have already been studied, including in the US the Space Infrared Interferometric Telescope (SPIRIT) and the more ambitious Submillimeter Probe of the Evolution of Cosmic Structure (SPECS). This talk will describe science goals and summarize alternative concepts for future FIR/THz space interferometry missions. Small arrays of sensitive, fast, direct detectors are a key enabling technology for SPIRIT and SPECS. I will describe the technology requirements for far-IR interferometry, including the detector requirements, and their derivation from the mission science goals and instrument concepts.

Constraints on the Nature and Distribution of Iridium Host Phases at the Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary: Implications for Projectile Identity and dispersal on impact

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schuraytz, B. C.; Lindstrom, D. J.; Sharpton, V. L.

1997-01-01

Among Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary sites worldwide, variations in the concentrations and ratios of elements commonly enriched in meteorites complicate traditional geochemical attempts at impactor identification. Yet they may provide constraints on the physical and chemical processes associated with large-body disruption and dispersal, as well as with diagenesis of projectile components. To this end, we continue our efforts to identify the mineral host-phases of projectile-derived elements, particularly for Ir, and to document their partitioning between crater deposits and ejecta resulting from the Chicxulub basin-forming impact. Building on earlier work, we used INAA to measure Ir concentrations in successively smaller splits of finely powdered impact melt breccia from the Chicxulub Crater in Mexico (sample Y6Nl9-R(b)), and K/T boundary fish clay from Stevns Klint, Denmark (sample FC-1, split from 40 kg of homogenized material intended as an analytical standard). Results for the Chicxulub sample show a heterogeneous Ir distribution and document that at least five discrete Ir-bearing host phases were isolated in subsequent splits, having Ir masses equivalent to pure Ir spheres from about 0.8 to about 3.5 mm in diameter. Three of these are within a sufficiently reduced mass of powder to warrant searching for them using backscattered electron microscopy. In contrast, successively smaller splits of the Stevns Klint fish clay show no statistically significant deviation from the reported value of 32 +/- 2 ng/g Ir, suggesting a uniform Ir host-phase distribution. For the smallest split obtained thus far (100 +/- 40 ng/g Ir), a pure Ir sphere of equivalent Ir mass would be <0.05 min in diameter. (n.b. Although homogenizing and sieving of FC-1 to <75 min obviously obscured variations in stratigraphic distribution, it is unlikely to have affected the size-frequency distribution of Ir host phases.) We previously identified micrometer-scale Ir host phases by electron microscopy in melt-rock samples from two widely separated drill holes at the Chicxulub Basin, including a replicate split of Y6-NI9-R. One is an aggregate of subhedral Ir metal grains enclosed in silicate, in which no other Pt group elements (PGE) were detected. A second particle with twice the mass as the first, concentrated predominantly in a single grain, is associated with minor concentrations of Os, Ru, and Pt, and with adhering particles of corundum and perovskite. A third Ir-rich particle, with a greater apparent Os concentration, was identified before being lost as a result of charging under the electron beam. In addition to demonstrating the preservation of projectile components within the Chicxulub Crater, analogous phase associations in Ca- and Al-rich inclusions (CAI) from C2 and C3 chondrites suggest to us that these melt-rock Ir host phases are relics from a carbonaceous chondrite K/T boundary impactor Although the obviously low Ru/Ir ratios of the Chicxulub Ir host phases are qualitatively consistent with suggested PGE fractionation with distance during condensation in an ejecta cloud, it seems difficult to explain the accumulation of the about 3 x 10(exp 11) Ir atoms required to form a about 10(exp -10) g nugget of pure Ir metal within a jet of vaporized projectile expanding at 1-4 km/s, or to effectively exclude or remove commonly alloyed PGE and siderophile elements by fractionation processes resulting from condensation, oxidation, sulfidization, exsolution, or autometamorphism during cooling of the melt. We do not dismiss the importance of these processes entirely; on the contrary, other geochemical and mineralogical aspects of the melt rocks require them, and condensation from the expanding ejecta cloud appears to best explain the primary Ir host-phase distribution in the fish clay, as well as the high Ir concentrations associated with spinel-bearing spheroids at the K/T boundary in the Pacific Ocean . If the "relict" hypothesis is correct, micronuggets of other PGEs and alloys, not detected by our INAA screening, should also occur in the melt rocks. Possibly, the discrete host phases with lesser Ir masses are such alloys with subordinate Ir, rather than simply smaller, predominantly Ir-bearing particles. A CAI source for the relics would be consistent with either a comet or an asteroid K/T impact at Chicxulub. (Additional information contained in the original.)

VizieR Online Data Catalog: GJ 1214b optical and near-IR transit phot. (Angerhausen+, 2017)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Angerhausen, D.; Dreyer, C.; Placek, B.; Csizmadia, Sz.; Eigmueller, P.; Godolt, M.; Kitzmann, D.; Mallonn, M.; Becklin, E.; Collins, P.; Dunham, E. W.; Grenfell, J. L.; Hamilton, R. T.; Kabath, P.; Logsdon, S. E.; Mandell, A.; Mandushev, G.; McElwain, M.; McLean, I. S.; Pfueller, E.; Rauer, H.; Savage, M.; Shenoy, S.; Vacca, W. D.; van Cleve, J. E.; Wiedemann, M.; Wolf, J.

2017-11-01

The joint US-German Cycle 2 Guest Investigator (GI) programme - US-proposal: Angerhausen (2013); Germanproposal: Dreyer (2013) - was performed on SOFIAs flight number 149 on UT February 27, 2014. Observations were simultaneously conducted in two optical HIPO channels: open blue at 0.3-0.6um and Sloan z' at 0.9-m; and one infrared FLITECAM fiter: Paschen-α cont. at 1.9um. Complementary data were also obtained with the optical focal plane guiding camera FPI+ in the Sloan i' band (0.8um). (5 data files).

Rest-IR photometry of the brightest arc in the universe

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dahle, Hakon; Rigby, Jane; Gladders, Michael; Sharon, Keren; Bayliss, Matthew

2016-08-01

We propose IRAC imaging of a uniquely bright (R=17.8) star forming galaxy at z=2.37. The galaxy is gravitationally lensed into a 55' long arc, with a total magnification factor most likely in excess of 50x. The proposed observations will allow us to spatially resolve the stellar mass distribution within the lensed galaxy and compare this to its spatial distribution of star formation, as measured from existing and planned rest-UV/optical data. This will enable us to examine how star formation varies with specific star formation rate within a galaxy at z=2.

Remedial Investigation Badger Army Ammunition Plant, Baraboo, Wisconsin. Volume 3. Appendices G Through J

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-01-01

B~est Availlable COPY AD-A280 438’El UlHI~ll lIMEll l Ulll "U.S. Army Environmental Center 7C, 0* £0 t;,2.’ . .. US AR.Y E[N,’IP r TM,’.F A, CENtIR...Split Groundwater Samples Vol. 6 APPENDIX M - CALCULATIONS FOR PARAMETERS USED IN RISK ASSESSMENT Vol. 7 APPENDIX N - IRIS FILES FOR COMPOUNDS OF...POTENTIAL CONCERN Vol. 7 APPENDIX 0 - HUMAN HEALTH RISK CALCULATIONS Vol. 7 APPENDIX P - INVENTORY OF SITE SPECIES Vol. 7 APPENDIX Q - EXPOSURE

A multinational pharmacoeconomic evaluation of acute major depressive disorder (MDD): a comparison of cost-effectiveness between venlafaxine, SSRIs and TCAs.

PubMed

Doyle, J J; Casciano, J; Arikian, S; Tarride, J E; Gonzalez, M A; Casciano, R

2001-01-01

We conducted a multinational pharmacoeconomic evaluation comparing the immediate release form of a new class of serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI), venlafaxine IR to the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and the tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) in the treatment of acute major depressive disorder (MDD) in 10 countries (Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States, and Venezuela). We designed a decision analytic model assessing the acute phase of MDD treatment within a 6-month time horizon. Six decision tree models were customized with country-specific estimates from a clinical management analysis, meta-analytic rates from two published meta-analyses, and a resource valuation of treatment costs representing the inpatient and outpatient settings within each country. The meta-analyses provided the clinical rates of success defined as a 50% reduction in depression scores on the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D) or the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Treatment regimen costs were determined from standard lists, fee schedules, and communication with local health economists in each country. The meta-analytic rates were applied to the decision analytic model to calculate the expected cost and expected outcomes for each antidepressant comparator. Cost-effectiveness was determined using the expected values for both a successful outcome, and a composite measure of outcome termed symptom-free days. A policy analysis was conducted to examine the health system budget impact in each country of increasing the utilization of the most effective antidepressant found in our study. Initiating treatment of MDD with venlafaxine IR yielded a lower expected cost compared to the SSRIs and TCAs in all countries except Poland in the inpatient setting, and Italy and Poland within the outpatient settings. The weighted average expected cost per patient varied from US$632 (Poland) to US$5647 (US) in the six-month acute phase treatment of MDD. The estimated total budgetary impact for each 1% of venlafaxine utilization, assuming a population of one million MDD patients, ranged from US$1600 (Italy) to US$29,049 (US). Within the inpatient and outpatient treatment settings, venlafaxine IR was a more cost-effective treatment of MDD compared to the SSRIs and TCAs. Additionally, the results of this investigation indicate that increased utilization of venlafaxine in most settings across Europe and the Americas will have favorable impact on health care payer budgets. ADR, adverse drug reaction; CMA, clinical management analysis; ECT, electroconvulsive therapy; HAM-D, Hamilton Depression Scale; MADRS, Montgomery-Asberg depression rating scale; MDD, major depressive disorder; SFD, symptom-free day; SNRI, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor; SSRI, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; TCA, tricyclic antidepressant; WHO, world health organization.

Insulin Resistance: Regression and Clustering

PubMed Central

Yoon, Sangho; Assimes, Themistocles L.; Quertermous, Thomas; Hsiao, Chin-Fu; Chuang, Lee-Ming; Hwu, Chii-Min; Rajaratnam, Bala; Olshen, Richard A.

2014-01-01

In this paper we try to define insulin resistance (IR) precisely for a group of Chinese women. Our definition deliberately does not depend upon body mass index (BMI) or age, although in other studies, with particular random effects models quite different from models used here, BMI accounts for a large part of the variability in IR. We accomplish our goal through application of Gauss mixture vector quantization (GMVQ), a technique for clustering that was developed for application to lossy data compression. Defining data come from measurements that play major roles in medical practice. A precise statement of what the data are is in Section 1. Their family structures are described in detail. They concern levels of lipids and the results of an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). We apply GMVQ to residuals obtained from regressions of outcomes of an OGTT and lipids on functions of age and BMI that are inferred from the data. A bootstrap procedure developed for our family data supplemented by insights from other approaches leads us to believe that two clusters are appropriate for defining IR precisely. One cluster consists of women who are IR, and the other of women who seem not to be. Genes and other features are used to predict cluster membership. We argue that prediction with “main effects” is not satisfactory, but prediction that includes interactions may be. PMID:24887437

Photochemistry of Fe:H2O Adducts in Argon Matrixes: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study in the Mid-IR and UV-Visible Regions.

PubMed

Deguin, Vincent; Mascetti, Joëlle; Simon, Aude; Ben Amor, Nadia; Aupetit, Christian; Latournerie, Sandra; Noble, Jennifer A

2018-01-18

The photochemistry of Fe:H 2 O adducts is of interest in fields as diverse as catalysis and astrochemistry. Industrially, iron can be used as a catalyst to convert H 2 O to H 2 , whereas in the interstellar medium it may be an important component of dust grains, influencing the chemistry on their icy surfaces. This study consisted of the deposition and spectral characterization of binary systems of atomic iron with H 2 O in cryogenic argon matrixes. In this way, we were able to obtain information about the interaction of the two species; we observed the formation of adducts of iron monomers and dimers with water molecules in the mid-IR and UV-visible spectral domains. Upon irradiation with a UV radiation source, the iron species were inserted into the water molecules to form HFeOH and HFe 2 OH, leading in some cases to the formation of FeO possibly accompanied by the production of H 2 . DFT and correlated multireference wave function calculations confirmed our attributions. This combination of IR and UV-visible spectroscopy with theoretical calculations allowed us to determine, for the first time, the spectral characteristics of iron adducts and their photoproducts in the UV-visible and in the OH stretching region of the mid-IR domain.

Investigations of interhydrogen bond dynamical coupling effects in the polarized IR spectra of acetanilide crystals.

PubMed

Flakus, Henryk T; Michta, Anna

2010-02-04

This Article presents the investigation results of the polarized IR spectra of the hydrogen bond in acetanilide (ACN) crystals measured in the frequency range of the proton and deuteron stretching vibration bands, nu(N-H) and nu(N-D). The basic spectral properties of the crystals were interpreted quantitatively in terms of the "strong-coupling" theory. The model of the centrosymmetric dimer of hydrogen bonds postulated by us facilitated the explanation of the well-developed, two-branch structure of the nu(N-H) and nu(N-D) bands as well as the isotopic dilution effects in the spectra. On the basis of the linear dichroic and temperature effects in the polarized IR spectra of ACN crystals, the H/D isotopic "self-organization" effects were revealed. A nonrandom distribution of hydrogen isotope atoms (H or D) in the lattice was deduced from the spectra of isotopically diluted ACN crystals. It was also determined that identical hydrogen isotope atoms occupy both hydrogen bonds in the dimeric systems, where each hydrogen bond belongs to a different chain. A more complex fine structure pattern of nu(N-H) and nu(N-D) bands in ACN spectra in comparison with the spectra of other secondary amides (e.g., N-methylacetamide) can be explained in terms of the "relaxation" theory of the IR spectra of hydrogen-bonded systems.

Two-dimensional infrared correlation spectroscopy study of the aggregation of cytochrome c in the presence of dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol.

PubMed Central

Paquet, M J; Laviolette, M; Pézolet, M; Auger, M

2001-01-01

Two-dimensional infrared correlation spectroscopy (2D-IR) was used in this study to investigate the aggregation of cytochrome c in the presence of dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol. The influence of temperature on the aggregation has been evaluated by monitoring the intensity of a band at 1616 cm(-1), which is characteristic of aggregated proteins, and the 2D-IR analysis has been used to determine the various secondary structure components of cytochrome c involved before and during its aggregation. The 2D-IR correlation analysis clearly reveals for the first time that aggregation starts to occur between nearly native proteins, which then unfold, yielding to further aggregation of the protein. Later in the aggregation process, the formation of intermolecular bonds and unfolding of the alpha-helices appear to be simultaneous. These results lead us to propose a two-step aggregation process. Finally, the results obtained during the heating period clearly indicate that before the protein starts to aggregate, there is a loosening of the tertiary structure of cytochrome c, resulting in a decrease of the beta-sheet content and an increase of the amount of beta-turns. This study clearly demonstrates the potential of 2D-IR spectroscopy to investigate the aggregation of proteins and this technique could therefore be applied to other proteins such as those involved in fibrilogenesis. PMID:11423415

Molecular Characterization and Differential Expression of Olfactory Genes in the Antennae of the Black Cutworm Moth Agrotis ipsilon

PubMed Central

Gu, Shao-Hua; Sun, Liang; Yang, Ruo-Nan; Wu, Kong-Ming; Guo, Yu-Yuan; Li, Xian-Chun; Zhou, Jing-Jiang; Zhang, Yong-Jun

2014-01-01

Insects use their sensitive and selective olfactory system to detect outside chemical odorants, such as female sex pheromones and host plant volatiles. Several groups of olfactory proteins participate in the odorant detection process, including odorant binding proteins (OBPs), chemosensory proteins (CSPs), odorant receptors (ORs), ionotropic receptors (IRs) and sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs). The identification and functional characterization of these olfactory proteins will enhance our knowledge of the molecular basis of insect chemoreception. In this study, we report the identification and differential expression profiles of these olfactory genes in the black cutworm moth Agrotis ipsilon. In total, 33 OBPs, 12 CSPs, 42 ORs, 24 IRs, 2 SNMPs and 1 gustatory receptor (GR) were annotated from the A. ipsilon antennal transcriptomes, and further RT-PCR and RT-qPCR revealed that 22 OBPs, 3 CSPs, 35 ORs, 14 IRs and the 2 SNMPs are uniquely or primarily expressed in the male and female antennae. Furthermore, one OBP (AipsOBP6) and one CSP (AipsCSP2) were exclusively expressed in the female sex pheromone gland. These antennae-enriched OBPs, CSPs, ORs, IRs and SNMPs were suggested to be responsible for pheromone and general odorant detection and thus could be meaningful target genes for us to study their biological functions in vivo and in vitro. PMID:25083706

Metabolic syndrome among Caribbean-born persons living in the U.S. Virgin Islands.

PubMed

Tull, Eugene S; Thurland, Anne; LaPorte, Ronald E

2005-12-01

To determine the frequency of the metabolic syndrome (MS) among four subpopulations in the United States Virgin Islands and to estimate the risk for the MS that is associated with waist circumference cutpoints among overweight and obese individuals. In a study undertaken from 1995 to 1999, data on demographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure measurements, and a blood sample were obtained from a population-based cohort of 893 Caribbean-born persons from four population subgroups who were living on Saint Croix (the largest island of the U.S. Virgin Islands) and who did not have a history of diagnosed diabetes. The four subpopulations were: (1) Hispanic white, (2) Hispanic black, (3) non-Hispanic black born in the U.S. Virgin Islands, and (4) non-Hispanic black born elsewhere in the Caribbean. Fasting blood samples were analyzed for glucose, insulin, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines were used to identify the MS. Insulin resistance was estimated by the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) method. The overall prevalence of the MS in the sample was 20.5% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 15.3%-25.7%). Persons who had classified themselves as both Hispanic and black had the highest frequency (27.8% (95% CI = 16.3%-39.3%)) of the MS and the highest HOMA-IR scores. After controlling for lifestyle factors and HOMA-IR, Hispanic ethnicity was independently associated with an increased risk of having the MS (odds ratio (OR) = 1.82, (95% CI = 1.07-3.07)), high triglycerides (OR = 3.66 (95% CI = 2.18-6.15)), and low HDL-C (OR = 1.60 (95% CI = 1.04-2.45)). A waist circumference of > 88 cm was associated with an increased risk of metabolic abnormalities among overweight and obese women. The frequency of the MS among Caribbean-born persons in the U. S. Virgin Islands is comparable to the frequency of the MS among the general population on the mainland of the United States. Among Caribbean-born persons living in the U.S. Virgin Islands, those who are Hispanic blacks may have a greater risk of cardiovascular disease than do other groups.

Watching a Black Hole Feed: Sgr A* in the X-ray and Infrared

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fazio, Giovanni

2017-09-01

Black hole accretion drives extreme astrophysical phenomena in the universe. Sgr A*, the nearest supermassive black hole, is highly variable, but sparse data and short observations preclude determination of its emission physics. Despite enormous advances in accretion models in recent years, even the radiation mechanisms of Sgr A* are still unknown. Because the needed information is encoded in the time-dependent relationship between X-ray and IR emission, we propose four new epochs of Chandra monitoring with Spitzer at 4.5 microns. This will double the exposure time for X-ray flares where the NIR state is known, moving us out of the realm of small-number statistics and enabling diagnostics of the true X-ray/IR relationship. This will be the final chance for Chandra+Spitzer observations.

Retrieving plasmonic field information from metallic nanospheres using attosecond photoelectron streaking spectroscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Jianxiong; Saydanzad, Erfan; Thumm, Uwe

2017-04-01

Streaked photoemission by attosecond extreme ultraviolet (XUV) pulses into an infrared (IR) or visible streaking pulse, holds promise for imaging with sub-fs time resolution the dielectric plasmonic response of metallic nanoparticles to the IR or visible streaking pulse. We calculated the plasmonic field induced by streaking pulses for 10 to 200 nm diameter Au, Ag, and Cu nanospheres and obtained streaked photoelectron spectra by employing our quantum-mechanical model. Our simulated spectra show significant oscillation-amplitude enhancements and phase shifts for all three metals (relative to spectra that are calculated without including the induced plasmonic field) and allow the reconstruction of the plasmonic field enhancements and phase shifts for each material. Supported by the US NSD-EPSCoR program, NSF, and DoE.

Radical Islam in Latin America and the Caribbean: Implications for U.S. National Security

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-01-01

www.Newsmax.com/International/iran-missiles-venezu- ela/2008/12/22/id/327242/#ixzz3MfAmHOjT. 66. “Washington sanciona a Cavim for venta de tecnologia a Irán...El Universal, February 11, 2013, http://www.eluni- versal.com/nacional-y-politica/130211/washington-sanciona-a-cavim-por-venta-de- tecnologia -a-iran

U.S. EPA, Pesticide Product Label, ABCO WKS-65 BRUSH KILLER, 11/11/1911

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

2011-04-14

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U.S. EPA, Pesticide Product Label, TIME-SAVER LIQUID BACTERICIDE, 02/04/2003

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

2011-04-14

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U.S. EPA, Pesticide Product Label, VETERINARIAN TYPE DISINFECTANT, 10/22/1980

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

2011-04-14

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Satellite Imagery Products - Office of Satellite and Product Operations

Science.gov Websites

» Disclaimer » Web Linking Policy » Use of Data and Products » FAQs: Imagery Contact Us Services Argos DCS : Page | VIS | IR | Water Vapor Sample GOES Watervapor composite Detailed Product List Composite Imagery Surface Data GIS Data Available Through Interactive Internet Mapping GIS Fire and Smoke Detection Web Page

U.S. Army Natick Soldier Research, Development & Engineering Center Testing Facilities And Equipment. Second Edition

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-04-01

30 Freeze Dryer ................................................. 30 High-Pressure Processing ............................... 30 Microwave Digestive...PP1 Power Platform Energy Analyzer ..... 41 Quintox Gas Combustion Analyzer .................... 41 FLIR Systems SC2000 Thermacam Handheld IR ...electronically directly to the contractor or printed on plotter paper , oak tag, or on CD. alloy steel, stainless steel, aluminum, copper and copper alloys

Infrared Spectroscopy and Born-Oppenheimer Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study on Deuterium Substitution in the Crystalline Benzoic Acid.

PubMed

Gług, Maciej; Brela, Mateusz Z; Boczar, Marek; Turek, Andrzej M; Boda, Łukasz; Wójcik, Marek J; Nakajima, Takahito; Ozaki, Yukihiro

2017-01-26

In this study we present complementary computational and experimental studies of hydrogen bond interaction in crystalline benzoic acid and its deuterated and partially deuterated derivatives. The experimental part of the presented work includes preparation of partially deuterated samples and measurement of attenuated total reflection (ATR)-FTIR spectra. Analysis of the geometrical parameters and time course of dipole moment of crystalline benzoic acid and its deuterated and partially deuterated derivatives by Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (BOMD) enabled us to deeply analyze the IR spectra. Presented simulations based on BOMD gave us opportunity to investigate individual motion and its contribution to the IR spectra. The band contours calculated using Fourier transform of autocorrelation function are in quantitative agreement with the experimental spectra. Characterization of single bands was carried out by "normal coordinate analysis". The salient point of our study is a comparison of the spectra of the deuterated and partially deuterated crystalline benzoic acid with that of the nondeuterated one. Furthermore, we have applied the principal component analysis for analysis of the number of components in partially deuterated systems. In this study, we reveal that the arrangements of hydrogen and deuterium atoms in partially deuterated samples are random.

Towards universal hybrid star formation rate estimators

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Boquien, M.; Kennicutt, R.; Calzetti, D.; Dale, D.; Galametz, M.; Sauvage, M.; Croxall, K.; Draine, B.; Kirkpatrick, A.; Kumari, N.; Hunt, L.; De Looze, I.; Pellegrini, E.; Relaño, M.; Smith, J.-D.; Tabatabaei, F.

2016-06-01

Context. To compute the star formation rate (SFR) of galaxies from the rest-frame ultraviolet (UV), it is essential to take the obscuration by dust into account. To do so, one of the most popular methods consists in combining the UV with the emission from the dust itself in the infrared (IR). Yet, different studies have derived different estimators, showing that no such hybrid estimator is truly universal. Aims: In this paper we aim at understanding and quantifying what physical processes fundamentally drive the variations between different hybrid estimators. In so doing, we aim at deriving new universal UV+IR hybrid estimators to correct the UV for dust attenuation at local and global scales, taking the intrinsic physical properties of galaxies into account. Methods: We use the CIGALE code to model the spatially resolved far-UV to far-IR spectral energy distributions of eight nearby star-forming galaxies drawn from the KINGFISH sample. This allows us to determine their local physical properties, and in particular their UV attenuation, average SFR, average specific SFR (sSFR), and their stellar mass. We then examine how hybrid estimators depend on said properties. Results: We find that hybrid UV+IR estimators strongly depend on the stellar mass surface density (in particular at 70 μm and 100 μm) and on the sSFR (in particular at 24 μm and the total infrared). Consequently, the IR scaling coefficients for UV obscuration can vary by almost an order of magnitude: from 1.55 to 13.45 at 24 μm for instance. This result contrasts with other groups who found relatively constant coefficients with small deviations. We exploit these variations to construct a new class of adaptative hybrid estimators based on observed UV to near-IR colours and near-IR luminosity densities per unit area. We find that they can reliably be extended to entire galaxies. Conclusions: The new estimators provide better estimates of attenuation-corrected UV emission than classical hybrid estimators published in the literature. Taking naturally variable impact of dust heated by old stellar populations into account, they constitute an important step towards universal estimators.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dinwiddie, R. B.; Wang, H.; Johnnerfelt, B.

Zinc Oxide based surge arresters are widely used to safeguard and improve reliability of the electrical power delivering and transmission systems. The primary application of surge arresters is to protect valuable components such as transformers from lightning strikes and switching transients in the transmission lines. Metal-oxide-varistor blocks (MOV, e.g. ZnO) are used in surge arrester assemblies. ORNL has developed an advanced infrared imaging technique to monitor the joule heating during transient heating of small varistors. In a recent short-term R&D effort, researchers from ABB and ORNL have expanded the use of IR imaging to larger station-class arrester blocks. An on-sitemore » visit to the ABB facility demonstrated that the use of IR imaging is not only feasible but also has the potential to improve arrester quality and reliability. The ASEA Brown Bower (ABB) Power and Technology & Development Company located at Greensburg PA having benefited from collaborative R&D cooperation with ORNL. ABB has decided a follow-on CRADA project is very important. While the previous efforts to study surge arresters included broader studies of IR imaging and computer modeling, ABB has recognized the potential of IR imaging, decided to focus on this particular area. ABB plans to use this technique to systematically study the possible defects in the arrester fabrication process. ORNL will improve the real-time monitoring capability and provide analysis of the infrared images. More importantly, the IR images will help us understand transient heating in a ceramic material from the scientific standpoint. With the improved IR imaging ABB and ORNL will employ the IR system to visualize manufacturing defects that could not be detected otherwise. The proposed on-site tests at ABB Power Technology & Development processing facility will identify the defects and also allow quick adjustments to be made since the resulting products can be inspected immediately. ABB matched the DOE $50K funding with $50K funds-in to ORNL. ABB also provided about $75K in-kind effort for on-site testing, and R&D to improve the fabrication process.« less

Real-World Assessment of Renal and Bone Safety among Patients with HIV Infection Exposed to Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate-Containing Single-Tablet Regimens.

PubMed

Nkhoma, Ella T; Rosenblatt, Lisa; Myers, Joel; Villasis-Keever, Angelina; Coumbis, John

2016-01-01

Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)-containing antiretroviral regimens have been associated with an increased incidence of renal and bone adverse outcomes. Here, we estimated the real-world incidence of renal and bone adverse outcomes among patients with HIV infection receiving different TDF-containing single-tablet regimens (STRs). This cohort study used US health insurance data spanning the years 2008-2014. We identified HIV-infected patients aged ≥18 years (all HIV patients) and those with ≥6 months of continuous enrollment prior to initiating efavirenz/emtricitabine/TDF (EFV/FTC/TDF), rilpivirine/FTC/TDF (RPV/FTC/TDF) or elvitegravir/cobicistat/FTC/TDF (EVG/COBI/FTC/TDF). Renal adverse outcomes were identified using renal International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) diagnosis codes. Bone adverse outcomes were identified using ICD-9-CM diagnosis codes for fracture. Incidence rates (IRs) and associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated assuming a Poisson distribution, and outcomes between STRs were compared using IR ratios (IRRs) and IR differences (IRDs). We identified 9876 and 10,383 eligible patients for the renal and fracture analyses, respectively. Observed IRs for renal adverse outcomes were 9.7, 10.5, 13.6, and 18.0 per 1000 person-years among those receiving EFV/FTC/TDF, RPV/FTC/TDF, or EVG/COBI/FTC/TDF, or all HIV patients, respectively. Corresponding values for IRs of fracture were 3.4, 3.6, 7.2, and 4.4 per 1000 person-years, respectively. Renal adverse outcomes with EFV/FTC/TDF were significantly less frequent than with EVG/COBI/FTC/TDF (IRD -3.96; 95% CI: -7.31, -1.06). No IRR differences were identified for the renal analysis. Fractures with EFV/FTC/TDF were significantly less frequent than with EVG/COBI/FTC/TDF (IRR 0.47; 95% CI: 0.27, 0.81 and IRD -3.85; 95% CI: -5.02, -2.78). In this large real-world database, observed IRs for renal adverse outcomes with TDF-containing STRs were lower or similar to those for all HIV patients, with the lowest IRs observed among patients receiving EFV/FTC/TDF. Compared with all HIV patients, the observed IR for fracture was higher with EVG/COBI/FTC/TDF, comparable with RPV/FTC/TDF, and lower with EFV/FTC/TDF.

Gas and dust in the beta Pictoris moving group as seen by the Herschel Space Observatory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Riviere-Marichalar, P.; Barrado, D.; Montesinos, B.; Duchêne, G.; Bouy, H.; Pinte, C.; Menard, F.; Donaldson, J.; Eiroa, C.; Krivov, A. V.; Kamp, I.; Mendigutía, I.; Dent, W. R. F.; Lillo-Box, J.

2014-05-01

Context. Debris discs are thought to be formed through the collisional grinding of planetesimals, and then can be considered as the outcome of planet formation. Understanding the properties of gas and dust in debris discs can help us comprehend the architecture of extrasolar planetary systems. Herschel Space Observatory far-infrared (IR) photometry and spectroscopy have provided a valuable dataset for the study of debris discs gas and dust composition. This paper is part of a series of papers devoted to the study of Herschel-PACS observations of young stellar associations. Aims: This work aims at studying the properties of discs in the beta Pictoris moving group (BPMG) through far-IR PACS observations of dust and gas. Methods: We obtained Herschel-PACS far-IR photometric observations at 70, 100, and 160 μm of 19 BPMG members, together with spectroscopic observations for four of them. These observations were centred at 63.18 μm and 157 μm, aiming to detect [OI] and [CII] emission. We incorporated the new far-IR observations in the SED of BPMG members and fitted modified blackbody models to better characterise the dust content. Results: We have detected far-IR excess emission towards nine BPMG members, including the first detection of an IR excess towards HD 29391.The star HD 172555, shows [OI] emission, while HD 181296 shows [CII] emission, expanding the short list of debris discs with a gas detection. No debris disc in BPMG is detected in both [OI] and [CII]. The discs show dust temperatures in the range 55-264 K, with low dust masses (<6.6 × 10-5 M⊕ to 0.2 M⊕) and radii from blackbody models in the range 3 to ~82 AU. All the objects with a gas detection are early spectral type stars with a hot dust component. Herschel is an ESA space observatory with science instruments provided by European-led Principal Investigator consortia and with important participation from NASA.

Deciphering Periodic Methanol Masers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stecklum, Bringfried; Caratti o Garatti, Alessio; Henning, Thomas; Hodapp, Klaus; Hopp, Ulrich; Kraus, Alex; Linz, Hendrik; Sanna, Alberto; Sobolev, Andrej; Wolf, Verena

2018-05-01

Impressive progress has been made in recent years on massive star formation, yet the involved high optical depths even at submm/mm wavelengths make it difficult to reveal its details. Recently, accretion bursts of massive YSOs have been identified to cause flares of Class II methanol masers (methanol masers for short) due to enhanced mid-IR pumping. This opens a new window to protostellar accretion variability, and implies that periodic methanol masers hint at cyclic accretion. Pinning down the cause of the periodicity requires joint IR and radio monitoring. We derived the first IR light curve of a periodic maser host from NEOWISE data. The source, G107.298+5.639, is an intermediate-mass YSO hosting methanol and water masers which flare every 34.5 days. Our recent joint K-band and radio observations yielded first but marginal evidence for a phase lag between the rise of IR and maser emission, respectively, and revealed that both NEOWISE and K-band light curves are strongly affected by the light echo from the ambient dust. Both the superior resolution of IRAC over NEOWISE and the longer wavelengths compared to our ground-based imaging are required to inhibit the distractive contamination by the light echo. Thus, we ask for IRAC monitoring of G107 to cover one flare cycle, in tandem with 100-m Effelsberg and 2-m Wendelstein radio and NIR observations to obtain the first high-quality synoptic measurements of this kind of sources. The IR-maser phase lag, the intrinsic shape of the IR light curves and their possible color variation during the cycle allow us to constrain models for the periodic maser excitation. Since methanol masers are signposts of intermediate-mass and massive YSOs, deciphering their variability offers a clue to the dynamics of the accretion-mediated growth of massive stars and their feedback onto the immediate natal environment. The Spitzer light curve of such a maser-hosting YSO would be a legacy science product of the mission.

Infrared Video Pupillography Coupled with Smart Phone LED for Measurement of Pupillary Light Reflex.

PubMed

Chang, Lily Yu-Li; Turuwhenua, Jason; Qu, Tian Yuan; Black, Joanna M; Acosta, Monica L

2017-01-01

Clinical assessment of pupil appearance and pupillary light reflex (PLR) may inform us the integrity of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Current clinical pupil assessment is limited to qualitative examination, and relies on clinical judgment. Infrared (IR) video pupillography combined with image processing software offer the possibility of recording quantitative parameters. In this study we describe an IR video pupillography set-up intended for human and animal testing. As part of the validation, resting pupil diameter was measured in human subjects using the NeurOptics ™ (Irvine, CA, USA) pupillometer, to compare against that measured by our IR video pupillography set-up, and PLR was assessed in guinea pigs. The set-up consisted of a smart phone with a light emitting diode (LED) strobe light (0.2 s light ON, 5 s light OFF cycles) as the stimulus and an IR camera to record pupil kinetics. The consensual response was recorded, and the video recording was processed using a custom MATLAB program. The parameters assessed were resting pupil diameter (D1), constriction velocity (CV), percentage constriction ratio, re-dilation velocity (DV) and percentage re-dilation ratio. We report that the IR video pupillography set-up provided comparable results as the NeurOptics ™ pupillometer in human subjects, and was able to detect larger resting pupil size in juvenile male guinea pigs compared to juvenile female guinea pigs. At juvenile age, male guinea pigs also had stronger pupil kinetics for both pupil constriction and dilation. Furthermore, our IR video pupillography set-up was able to detect an age-specific increase in pupil diameter (female guinea pigs only) and reduction in CV (male and female guinea pigs) as animals developed from juvenile (3 months) to adult age (7 months). This technique demonstrated accurate and quantitative assessment of pupil parameters, and may provide the foundation for further development of an integrated system useful for clinical applications.

Formate binding near the redox-active tyrosineD in photosystem II: consequences on the properties of tyrD.

PubMed

Hienerwadel, Rainer; Gourion-Arsiquaud, Samuel; Ballottari, Matteo; Bassi, Roberto; Diner, Bruce A; Berthomieu, Catherine

2005-06-01

Formate and phosphate affect substantially the rate of tyrosine D (TyrD) oxidation and the stability of the radical TyrD* in Photosystem II [Hienerwadel R, Boussac A, Breton J and Berthomieu C (1996) Biochemistry 35: 15447-15460]. This observation prompted us to analyze the influence of formate and phosphate on the environment of TyrD using FTIR spectroscopy. The nu (CO) IR mode of TyrD* at 1503 cm-1 remains unchanged whatever the buffer used at pH 6 and whether formate is present or not in the sample. Similarly, the main IR mode of reduced TyrD remains at approximately 1250 cm-1 in all tested conditions. We thus conclude that formate does not modify the hydrogen-bonded interactions of TyrD and TyrD* with neighbouring D2His189 and D2Gln164. In the TyrD-state, an IR mode of formate significantly different from that observed in solution, is detected using 13C-formate, showing that formate forms a strong electrostatic interaction within PS II. The presence of formate affects also IR bands that may be assigned to an arginine side chain. Upon TyrD* formation, formate does not protonate but its binding interaction weakens. A proton uptake by Mes or phosphate buffer is detected, which is not observed when BisTris is used as a buffer. In these latter conditions, IR bands characteristic of the protonation of a carboxylate group of the protein are detected instead. The present IR data and the recent structural model of the TyrD environment proposed by Ferreira KN, Iverson TM, Maghlaoui K, Barber J and Iwata S [(2004) Science 303: 1831-1838], suggest that the proton released upon TyrD* formation is shared within a hydrogen bonding network including D2Arg294, and CP47Glu364 and that perturbation of this network by formate - possibly binding near D2Arg294 - substantially affects the properties of TyrD.

Cardiometabolic risk in US Army recruits and the effects of basic combat training.

PubMed

Pasiakos, Stefan M; Karl, J Philip; Lutz, Laura J; Murphy, Nancy E; Margolis, Lee M; Rood, Jennifer C; Cable, Sonya J; Williams, Kelly W; Young, Andrew J; McClung, James P

2012-01-01

Cardiometabolic disease risk in US military recruits and the effects of military training have not been determined. This study examined lifestyle factors and biomarkers associated with cardiometabolic risk in US Army recruits (209; 118 male, 91 female, 23 ± 5 yr) before, during, and after basic combat training (BCT). Anthropometrics; fasting total (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol; triglycerides (TG); glucose; and insulin were measured at baseline and every 3 wks during the 10 wk BCT course. At baseline, 14% of recruits were obese (BMI>30 kg/m(2)), 27% were cigarette smokers, 37% were sedentary, and 34% reported a family history of cardiometabolic disease. TC was above recommended levels in 8%, LDL in 39%, TG in 5%, and glucose in 8% of recruits, and HDL was below recommended levels in 33% of recruits at baseline. By week 9, TC decreased 8%, LDL 10%, TG 13%, glucose 6% and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) 40% in men (P<0.05). In women, TC, LDL, glucose and HOMA-IR were decreased from baseline at weeks 3 and 6 (P<0.05), but were not different from baseline levels at week 9. During BCT, body weight declined in men but not women, while body fat percentage declined in both men and women (P<0.05). At the start of military service, the prevalence of cardiometabolic risk in US military recruits is comparable to that reported in similar, college-aged populations. Military training appears to be an effective strategy that may mitigate risk in young people through improvements in lipid profiles and glycemic control.

Cardiometabolic Risk in US Army Recruits and the Effects of Basic Combat Training

PubMed Central

Lutz, Laura J.; Murphy, Nancy E.; Margolis, Lee M.; Rood, Jennifer C.; Cable, Sonya J.; Williams, Kelly W.; Young, Andrew J.; McClung, James P.

2012-01-01

Background Cardiometabolic disease risk in US military recruits and the effects of military training have not been determined. This study examined lifestyle factors and biomarkers associated with cardiometabolic risk in US Army recruits (209; 118 male, 91 female, 23±5 yr) before, during, and after basic combat training (BCT). Methodology/Principal Findings Anthropometrics; fasting total (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol; triglycerides (TG); glucose; and insulin were measured at baseline and every 3 wks during the 10 wk BCT course. At baseline, 14% of recruits were obese (BMI>30 kg/m2), 27% were cigarette smokers, 37% were sedentary, and 34% reported a family history of cardiometabolic disease. TC was above recommended levels in 8%, LDL in 39%, TG in 5%, and glucose in 8% of recruits, and HDL was below recommended levels in 33% of recruits at baseline. By week 9, TC decreased 8%, LDL 10%, TG 13%, glucose 6% and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) 40% in men (P<0.05). In women, TC, LDL, glucose and HOMA-IR were decreased from baseline at weeks 3 and 6 (P<0.05), but were not different from baseline levels at week 9. During BCT, body weight declined in men but not women, while body fat percentage declined in both men and women (P<0.05). Conclusions/Significance At the start of military service, the prevalence of cardiometabolic risk in US military recruits is comparable to that reported in similar, college-aged populations. Military training appears to be an effective strategy that may mitigate risk in young people through improvements in lipid profiles and glycemic control. PMID:22384004

Effect of the different 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccination uptakes on the invasive pneumococcal disease in children: Analysis of a hospital-based and population-based surveillance study in Madrid, Spain, 2007-2015

PubMed Central

Picazo, Juan; Ruiz-Contreras, Jesús; Casado-Flores, Juan; Negreira, Sagrario; Baquero, Fernando; Hernández-Sampelayo, Teresa; Otheo, Enrique; Méndez, Cristina

2017-01-01

In the Community of Madrid, the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) replaced the 7-valent (PCV7) in the fully government-funded Regional Immunization Program (RIP) in May, 2010, but was later excluded in May, 2012, and included again in January, 2015. These unique changes allowed us to assess the impact of the different pneumococcal vaccination policies on PCV13 uptake in infants and on the incidence rate (IR) of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in children <15 years old. In this prospective, active, surveillance study, we estimated PCV13 uptakes, IR and incidence rate ratios (IRR) for total IPD and for IPD caused by PCV13- and non-PCV13 serotypes in children <15 years, stratified by age, in four periods with different vaccination policies: fully government-funded PCV7 vaccination, fully government-funded PCV13, mixed public/private funding and only private funding. Vaccine uptakes reached 95% in periods with public-funded pneumococcal vaccination, but fell to 67% in the private funding period. Overall, IR of IPD decreased by 68% (p<0.001) in 2014–15, due to 93% reduction in the IR of PCV13-type IPD (p<0.001) without significant changes in non-PCV13-type IPD. A fully government-funded PCV13 vaccination program lead to high vaccine uptake and dramatic reductions in both overall and PCV13-type IPD IR. When this program was switched to private PCV13 vaccination, there was a fall in vaccine coverage and stagnation in the decline of PCV13-type IPD with data suggesting a weakening of herd immunity. PMID:28207888

The farnesoid X receptor agonist obeticholic acid upregulates biliary excretion of asymmetric dimethylarginine via MATE-1 during hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury

PubMed Central

Berardo, Clarissa; Siciliano, Veronica; Rizzo, Vittoria; Adorini, Luciano; Richelmi, Plinio

2018-01-01

Background We previously showed that increased asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) biliary excretion occurs during hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), prompting us to study the effects of the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonist obeticholic acid (OCA) on bile, serum and tissue levels of ADMA after I/R. Material and methods Male Wistar rats were orally administered 10mg/kg/day of OCA or vehicle for 5 days and were subjected to 60 min partial hepatic ischemia or sham-operated. After a 60 min reperfusion, serum, tissue and bile ADMA levels, liver mRNA and protein expression of ADMA transporters (CAT-1, CAT-2A, CAT-2B, OCT-1, MATE-1), and enzymes involved in ADMA synthesis (protein-arginine-N-methyltransferase-1, PRMT-1) and metabolism (dimethylarginine-dimethylaminohydrolase-1, DDAH-1) were measured. Results OCA administration induced a further increase in biliary ADMA levels both in sham and I/R groups, with no significant changes in hepatic ADMA content. A reduction in CAT-1, CAT-2A or CAT-2B transcripts was found in OCA-treated sham-operated rats compared with vehicle. Conversely, OCA administration did not change CAT-1, CAT-2A or CAT-2B expression, already reduced by I/R. However, a marked decrease in OCT-1 and increase in MATE-1 expression was observed. A similar trend occurred with protein expression. Conclusion The reduced mRNA expression of hepatic CAT transporters suggests that the increase in serum ADMA levels is probably due to decreased liver uptake of ADMA from the systemic circulation. Conversely, the mechanism involved in further increasing biliary ADMA levels in sham and I/R groups treated with OCA appears to be MATE-1-dependent. PMID:29346429

IRS Spectral Maps of Photoevaporative Columns in M16, Carina, and the Galactic Center

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cotera, Angela; Healy, Kevin; Hester, Jeff; Sellgren, Kris; Simpson, Janet; Stolovy, Susan

2008-03-01

Photoevaporated columns of dust and gas - also called elephant trunks, pillars or fingers - are found in the periphery of H II regions, and have been observed within the Galaxy, the SMC and the LMC. These features are sites of current star formation, but the question remains whether the columns persist because stars formed in the denser regions prior to interactions with the UV radiation and stellar winds of nearby massive stars, or because of core collapse resulting from these interactions. Mapping the distribution of the physical states of the dust and gas in these columns is a necessary step towards understanding the possible star formation mechanisms within these dynamic objects. We propose to obtain IRS spectral maps of columns within M 16, the Carina nebula, and the Galactic center (GC) to understand the effects on these pillars from different stellar populations and initial conditions, and to better understand star formation in the GC. Within the spectral range of the high resolution IRS modes (9.9-37.2 micron) there are a wealth of molecular, atomic and PAH emission lines that will enable us to determine the excitation state, dust and gas temperatures, and probe the shock characteristics within the columns. Using the IRS spectral mapping mode, in conjunction with the CUBISM tool and the CLOUDY H II region model code, we will be able to construct detailed maps of the accessible emission lines and derived parameters for each column. IRS mapping of elephant trunks has not been done to date, yet provides a wealth of information unobtainable for the foreseeable future once Cycle 5 is completed.

Infrared Imaging Camera Final Report CRADA No. TC02061.0

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Roos, E. V.; Nebeker, S.

This was a collaborative effort between the University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) and Cordin Company (Cordin) to enhance the U.S. ability to develop a commercial infrared camera capable of capturing high-resolution images in a l 00 nanoseconds (ns) time frame. The Department of Energy (DOE), under an Initiative for Proliferation Prevention (IPP) project, funded the Russian Federation Nuclear Center All-Russian Scientific Institute of Experimental Physics (RFNC-VNIIEF) in Sarov. VNIIEF was funded to develop a prototype commercial infrared (IR) framing camera and to deliver a prototype IR camera to LLNL. LLNL and Cordin were partners with VNIIEF onmore » this project. A prototype IR camera was delivered by VNIIEF to LLNL in December 2006. In June of 2007, LLNL and Cordin evaluated the camera and the test results revealed that the camera exceeded presently available commercial IR cameras. Cordin believes that the camera can be sold on the international market. The camera is currently being used as a scientific tool within Russian nuclear centers. This project was originally designated as a two year project. The project was not started on time due to changes in the IPP project funding conditions; the project funding was re-directed through the International Science and Technology Center (ISTC), which delayed the project start by over one year. The project was not completed on schedule due to changes within the Russian government export regulations. These changes were directed by Export Control regulations on the export of high technology items that can be used to develop military weapons. The IR camera was on the list that export controls required. The ISTC and Russian government, after negotiations, allowed the delivery of the camera to LLNL. There were no significant technical or business changes to the original project.« less

Probing the Physical Properties of High Redshift Optically Obscured Galaxies in the Bootes NOAO Deep Wide Field Survey using the Infrared Spectrograph on Spitzer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Higdon, S. J. U.; Weedman, D.; Higdon, J. L.; Houck, J. R.; Soifer, B. T.; Armus, L.; Charmandaris, V.; Herter, T. L.; Brandl, B. R.; Brown, M. J. I.; Dey, A.; Jannuzi, B.; Le Floc'h, E.; Rieke, M.

2004-12-01

We have surveyed a field covering 8.4 degrees2 within the NOAO Deep Wide Field Survey region in Boötes with the Multiband Imaging Photometer on the Spitzer Space Telescope to a limiting 24 um flux density of 0.3 mJy, identifying ˜ 22,000 point sources. Thirty one sources from this survey with F(24 um) > 0.75 mJy , which are optically ``invisible'' (R > 26) or very faint (I > 24) have been observed with the low-resolution modules of the Infrared Spectrograph on SST. The spectra were extracted using the IRS SMART spectral analysis package in order to optimize their signal to noise. A suite of mid-IR spectral templates of well known galaxies, observed as part of the IRS GTO program, is used to perform formal fits to the spectral energy distribution of the Boötes sources. These fits enable us to measure their redshift, to calculate the depth of the 9.7 um silicate feature along with the strength of 7.7 um PAH, as well as to estimate their bolometric luminosities. We compare the mid-IR slope, the measured PAH luminosity, and the optical depth of these sources with those of galaxies in the local Universe. As a result we are able to estimate the contribution of a dust enshrouded active nucleus to the mid-IR and bolometric luminosity of these systems. This work is based [in part] on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under NASA contract 1407. Support for this work was provided by NASA through Contract Number 1257184 issued by JPL/Caltech.

Adjuvant Therapy in Early-Stage Endometrial Cancer: A Systematic Review of the Evidence, Guidelines, and Clinical Practice in the U.S.

PubMed Central

Latif, Nawar A.; Haggerty, Ashley; Jean, Stephanie; Lin, Lilie

2014-01-01

Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy in the U.S., with an increasing incidence likely secondary to the obesity epidemic. Surgery is usually the primary treatment for early stage endometrial cancer, followed by adjuvant therapy in selected cases. This includes radiation therapy [RT] with or without chemotherapy, based on stratification of patients into categories dependent on their future recurrence risk. Several prospective trials (PORTEC-1, GOG#99, and PORTEC-2) have shown that the use of adjuvant RT in the intermediate risk (IR) and the high-intermediate risk (HIR) groups decreases locoregional recurrence (LRR) but has no effect on overall survival. The ad hoc analyses from these studies have shown that an even larger LRR risk reduction was seen within the HIR group compared with the IR group. Vaginal brachytherapy is as good as external beam radiotherapy in controlling vaginal relapse where the majority of recurrence occur, and with less toxicity. In the high-risk group, multimodality therapy (chemotherapy and RT) may play a significant role. Although adjuvant RT has been evaluated in many cost-effectiveness studies, high-quality data in this area are still lacking. The uptake of the above prospective trial results in the U.S. has not been promising. Factors that are driving current practices and defining quality-of-care measures for patients with early-stage disease are what future studies need to address. PMID:24821823

Food price and diet and health outcomes: 20 years of The CARDIA Study

PubMed Central

Duffey, Kiyah J.; Gordon-Larsen, Penny; Shikany, James M.; Guilkey, David; Jacobs, David R; Popkin, Barry M.

2010-01-01

Background Despite surging interest in taxation as a policy to address poor food choice, US research directly examining the association of food prices with individual intake is scarce. Methods This 20-year longitudinal study included 12,123 respondent days from 5,115 participants in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study. Associations between food price, dietary intake, overall energy intake, weight, and HOMA insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) scores were assessed using conditional log-log and linear regression models. Results The real price (inflated to 2006 dollars) of soda and pizza decreased over time; the price of whole milk increased. A 10% increase in the price of soda or pizza was associated with a -7.12% (95% confidence interval [CI]: -63.5, -10.71) or -11.5% (95%CI: -17.50, -5.50) change in energy from these foods respectively. A $1.00 increase in soda price was also associated with lower daily energy intake (-124 [95%CI: -198, -50] kcal), lower weight (-2.34 [95%CI: -4.00, -0.68] lbs), and lower HOMA-IR score (0.42 [95%CI: -0.60, -0.23]); similar trends were observed for pizza. A $1.00 increase in the price of both soda and pizza was associated with greater changes in total energy intake (-181.49 [95%CI: -247.79, -115.18] kcal), body weight (-3.66 [95%CI: -5.19, -2.14] lbs), and HOMA-IR (-0.45 [95%CI: -0.59, -0.31]). Conclusions Policies aimed at altering the price of soda or away-from-home pizza may be effective mechanisms to steer US adults toward a more healthful diet and help reduce long-term weight gain or insulin levels over time. PMID:20212177

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Walker, Lisa May; Johnson, Kelsey E.; Gallagher, Sarah C.

Compact groups of galaxies provide a unique environment to study the evolution of galaxies amid frequent gravitational encounters. These nearby groups have conditions similar to those in the earlier universe when galaxies were assembled and give us the opportunity to witness hierarchical formation in progress. To understand how the compact group environment affects galaxy evolution, we examine the gas and dust in these groups. We present new single-dish GBT neutral hydrogen (H i) observations of 30 compact groups and define a new way to quantify the group H i content as the H i-to-stellar mass ratio of the group asmore » a whole. We compare the H i content with mid-IR indicators of star formation and optical [g − r] color to search for correlations between group gas content and star formation activity of individual group members. Quiescent galaxies tend to live in H i-poor groups, and galaxies with active star formation are more commonly found in H i-rich groups. Intriguingly, we also find “rogue” galaxies whose star formation does not correlate with group H i content. In particular, we identify three galaxies (NGC 2968 in RSCG 34, KUG 1131+202A in RSCG 42, and NGC 4613 in RSCG 64) whose mid-IR activity is discrepant with the H i. We speculate that this mismatch between mid-IR activity and H i content is a consequence of strong interactions in this environment that can strip H i from galaxies and abruptly affect star formation. Ultimately, characterizing how and on what timescales the gas is processed in compact groups will help us understand the interstellar medium in complex, dense environments similar to the earlier universe.« less

Application of the Rosner-Colditz Risk Prediction Model to Estimate Sexual Orientation Group Disparities in Breast Cancer Risk in a U.S. Cohort of Premenopausal Women

PubMed Central

Austin, S. Bryn; Pazaris, Mathew J.; Rosner, Bernard; Bowen, Deborah; Rich-Edwards, Janet; Spiegelman, Donna

2012-01-01

Background Lesbian and bisexual women may be at greater risk of breast cancer than heterosexual women during the premenopausal period due to disparities in risk factors. Methods With 16 years of prospective data from a large cohort of U.S. women ages 25–58 years, we conducted a breast cancer risk assessment for 87,392 premenopausal women by applying the Rosner-Colditz biomathematical risk-prediction model to estimate breast cancer risk based on known risk factors. Based on each woman’s comprehensive risk factor profile, we calculated the predicted one-year incidence rate (IR) per 100,000 person-years and estimated incidence rate ratios (IRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for lesbian and bisexual women compared to heterosexual women. Results 87,392 premenopausal women provided 1,091,871 person-years of data included in analyses. Mean predicted one-year breast cancer IRs per 100,000 person-years for each sexual orientation group were: heterosexual 122.55, lesbian 131.61, and bisexual 131.72. IRs were significantly elevated in both lesbian (IRR 1.06; 95 CI 1.06, 1.06) and bisexual (IRR 1.10; 95% CI 1.10, 1.10) women compared to heterosexual women. Conclusions Our findings suggest both lesbian and bisexual women have slightly elevated predicted breast cancer incidence compared to heterosexual women throughout the premenopausal period. Impact Health professionals must ensure that breast cancer prevention efforts are reaching these women. As more health systems around the country collect data on patient sexual orientation, the National Cancer Institute’s SEER cancer registry should add this information to its data system to monitor progress in reducing sexual orientation-related disparities in cancer incidence and mortality. PMID:23035180

U.S. EPA, Pesticide Product Label, , 11/13/1987

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

2011-04-14

... r'r~-::)pir'ati()ll by !J'o(.rll.th-·-I:o···mrouth (H" othl~r mC'·)frS:· \\1t \\·r ... 'f·qhqI.3ti~ nr::~1n r::au~ji:.~ tl.l.ng et:ir:.'rna

Low-pressure Structural Modification of Aluminum Hydride

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-02-01

Acknowledgments Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS), Brookhaven National Laboratory ( BNL ) was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy...National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) of Brookhaven National Laboratory ( BNL ). The spectral resolution of ±4 cm–1 was used for all IR measurements...12 List of Symbols, Abbreviations, and Acronyms Al aluminum AlH3 aluminum hydride BNL Brookhaven National Laboratory EOS equation of

U.S. EPA, Pesticide Product Label, ANSAR 170-H.C. HERBICIDE HIGH CONCENTRATE MSMA LIQUID FOR SELECTIVE PO, 09/11/1972

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

2011-04-14

... C'fJ · ... ·i~ ·l~~ (j;'1 SL A.:.Jq~;:;llf~C 0 1 .' .,t'f,vde. :':" 3· .... f·~ 1 tI; j': ,." r~~;1 L;(·t:::,. tl··'f~ir,;~r~~. r'.;;I .... 1 f~u'cI {IIJ·~i.:!.: __ .):,: ...

Amazon Surveillance System (SIVAM): U.S. and Brazilian Cooperation

DTIC Science & Technology

1999-12-01

Controle de Träfe go Aereo) Clutter Effects Model Parliamentary Investigation Commission (Comissäo Parlamentär de Inqutrito) Weather Forecasting...de Pesquisas Espaciais) INPA National Institute of Amazon Research (Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia ) IR Infrared KW Kilowatt (a...VSAT System for Surveillance of the Amazon (Sistema de Vigiläncia da Amazonia ) Brazilian Intelligence Agency (Subsecretaria de Inteligencia

Laser swelling of soft biological tissue by IR pulses

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Malyshev, A.; Bityurin, N.

The temporal dynamics of biological tissue swelling under the effect of mid-IR laser radiation is considered theoretically following the experimental investigation published earlier. The probable mechanism of laser swelling is suggested. This mechanism consists of deformation of tissue protein base by vapor pressure, which appears due to evaporation of tissue water. The formation and relaxation of a hump on the surface was determined by both mechanical properties (elastic, plastic) and porosity of material providing water vapor transfer within tissue. It is found that these mechanisms can lead to the formation of both transient and stationary hump structures on the surface. To describe the hump relaxation, we consider a new, evaporation-condensation, mechanism of heat transfer within the region of biotissue with microchannels. This mechanism allows us to explain the value of relaxation time of the hump measured in experiment.

Metabolic Fingerprint of PS3-Induced Resistance of Grapevine Leaves against Plasmopara viticola Revealed Differences in Elicitor-Triggered Defenses

PubMed Central

Adrian, Marielle; Lucio, Marianna; Roullier-Gall, Chloé; Héloir, Marie-Claire; Trouvelot, Sophie; Daire, Xavier; Kanawati, Basem; Lemaître-Guillier, Christelle; Poinssot, Benoît; Gougeon, Régis; Schmitt-Kopplin, Philippe

2017-01-01

Induction of plant resistance against pathogens by defense elicitors constitutes an attractive strategy to reduce the use of fungicides in crop protection. However, all elicitors do not systematically confer protection against pathogens. Elicitor-induced resistance (IR) thus merits to be further characterized in order to understand what makes an elicitor efficient. In this study, the oligosaccharidic defense elicitors H13 and PS3, respectively, ineffective and effective to trigger resistance of grapevine leaves against downy mildew, were used to compare their effect on the global leaf metabolism. Ultra high resolution mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) analysis allowed us to obtain and compare the specific metabolic fingerprint induced by each elicitor and to characterize the associated metabolic pathways. Moreover, erythritol phosphate was identified as a putative marker of elicitor-IR. PMID:28261225

Milli-magnitude IR Transit Detection: OGLE-TR-113

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ramírez-Alegría, S.; Minniti, D.; Fernández, J. M.; Ruiz, M. T.; Gieren, W.; Pietrzynski, G.; Zoccali, M.; Ivanov, V.

2006-06-01

OGLE-TR-113-b is a giant exoplanet that was discovered independently by Bouchy et al. (2004, A&A, 421, L13), and by Konacki et al. (2004, ApJ, 609, L37). We present high quality near-IR and optical data during the transit of this planet in front of the star OGLE-TR-113 (V=14.42, α =10:52:24.4 and δ =-61:26:48.5). The K-band observations were obtained in May 2005 with SOFI+NTT, located at ESO La Silla (Chile), and the V-band observations were obtained in April 2005 with VIMOS+VLT, located at ESO Paranal (Chile). After the data reduction process and difference image photometry, it was possible to achieve millimagnitude precision for the transit light curves in both bands. The planetary transit is clearly seen for the first time in the K-band, with similar amplitudes A = 0.03 mag in both V, I, and K, confirming the planetary size of the OGLE-TR-113 companion. Our monitoring program for this and other OGLE transit candidates using accurate optical and near-IR photometry allows us to discard false positives (binaries, blends, giants, etc), and to refine the star/planet parameters.

An infrared diagnostic for magnetism in hot stars

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Oksala, M. E.; Grunhut, J. H.; Kraus, M.; Borges Fernandes, M.; Neiner, C.; Condori, C. A. H.; Campagnolo, J. C. N.; Souza, T. B.

2015-06-01

Magnetospheric observational proxies are used for indirect detection of magnetic fields in hot stars in the X-ray, UV, optical, and radio wavelength ranges. To determine the viability of infrared (IR) hydrogen recombination lines as a magnetic diagnostic for these stars, we have obtained low-resolution (R~ 1200), near-IR spectra of the known magnetic B2V stars HR 5907 and HR 7355, taken with the Ohio State Infrared Imager/Spectrometer (OSIRIS) attached to the 4.1 m Southern Astrophysical Research (SOAR) Telescope. Both stars show definite variable emission features in IR hydrogen lines of the Brackett series, with similar properties as those found in optical spectra, including the derived location of the detected magnetospheric plasma. These features also have the added advantage of a lowered contribution of stellar flux at these wavelengths, making circumstellar material more easily detectable. IR diagnostics will be useful for the future study of magnetic hot stars, to detect and analyze lower-density environments, and to detect magnetic candidates in areas obscured from UV and optical observations, increasing the number of known magnetic stars to determine basic formation properties and investigate the origin of their magnetic fields. Based on observations obtained at the Southern Astrophysical Research (SOAR) telescope, which is a joint project of the Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, e Inovação (MCTI) da República Federativa do Brasil, the US National Optical Astronomy Observatory (NOAO), the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC), and Michigan State University (MSU).

A New Method for Wide-field Near-IR Imaging with the Hubble Space Telescope

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Momcheva, Ivelina G.; van Dokkum, Pieter G.; van der Wel, Arjen; Brammer, Gabriel B.; MacKenty, John; Nelson, Erica J.; Leja, Joel; Muzzin, Adam; Franx, Marijn

2017-01-01

We present a new technique for wide and shallow observations using the near-infrared channel of Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). Wide-field near-IR surveys with HST are generally inefficient, as guide star acquisitions make it impractical to observe more than one pointing per orbit. This limitation can be circumvented by guiding with gyros alone, which is possible as long as the telescope has three functional gyros. The method presented here allows us to observe mosaics of eight independent WFC3-IR pointings in a single orbit by utilizing the fact that HST drifts by only a very small amount in the 25 s between non-destructive reads of unguided exposures. By shifting the reads and treating them as independent exposures the full resolution of WFC3 can be restored. We use this “drift and shift” (DASH) method in the Cycle 23 COSMOS-DASH program, which will obtain 456 WFC3 H 160 pointings in 57 orbits, covering an area of 0.6 degree in the COSMOS field down to H 160 = 25. When completed, the program will more than triple the area of extra-galactic survey fields covered by near-IR imaging at HST resolution. We demonstrate the viability of the method with the first four orbits (32 pointings) of this program. We show that the resolution of the WFC3 camera is preserved, and that structural parameters of galaxies are consistent with those measured in guided observations.

Impact-Induced Clay Mineral Formation and Distribution on Mars

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rivera-Valentin, E. G.; Craig, P. I.

2015-01-01

Clay minerals have been identified in the central peaks and ejecta blankets of impact craters on Mars. Several studies have suggested these clay minerals formed as a result of impact induced hydrothermalism either during Mars' Noachian era or more recently by the melting of subsurface ice. Examples of post-impact clay formation is found in several locations on Earth such as the Mjolnir and Woodleigh Impact Structures. Additionally, a recent study has suggested the clay minerals observed on Ceres are the result of impact-induced hydrothermal processes. Such processes may have occurred on Mars, possibly during the Noachian. Distinguishing between clay minerals formed preor post-impact can be accomplished by studying their IR spectra. In fact, showed that the IR spectra of clay minerals is greatly affected at longer wavelengths (i.e. mid-IR, 5-25 micron) by impact-induced shock deformation while the near-IR spectra (1.0-2.5 micron) remains relatively unchanged. This explains the discrepancy between NIR and MIR observations of clay minerals in martian impact craters noted. Thus, it allows us to determine whether a clay mineral formed from impact-induced hydrothermalism or were pre-existing and were altered by the impact. Here we study the role of impacts on the formation and distribution of clay minerals on Mars via a fully 3-D Monte Carlo cratering model, including impact- melt production using results from modern hydrocode simulations. We identify regions that are conducive to clay formation and the location of clay minerals post-bombardment.

Optical photometric variable stars towards the Galactic H II region NGC 2282

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dutta, Somnath; Mondal, Soumen; Joshi, Santosh; Jose, Jessy; Das, Ramkrishna; Ghosh, Supriyo

2018-05-01

We report here CCD I-band time series photometry of a young (2-5 Myr) cluster NGC 2282, in order to identify and understand the variability of pre-main-sequence (PMS) stars. The I-band photometry, down to ˜20.5 mag, enables us to probe the variability towards the lower mass end (˜0.1 M⊙) of PMS stars. From the light curves of 1627 stars, we identified 62 new photometric variable candidates. Their association with the region was established from H α emission and infrared (IR) excess. Among 62 variables, 30 young variables exhibit H α emission, near-IR (NIR)/mid-IR (MIR) excess or both and are candidate members of the cluster. Out of 62 variables, 41 are periodic variables, with a rotation rate ranging from 0.2-7 d. The period distribution exhibits a median period at ˜1 d, as in many young clusters (e.g. NGC 2264, ONC, etc.), but it follows a unimodal distribution, unlike others that have bimodality, with slow rotators peaking at ˜6-8 d. To investigate the rotation-disc and variability-disc connection, we derived the NIR excess from Δ(I - K) and the MIR excess from Spitzer [3.6]-[4.5] μm data. No conclusive evidence of slow rotation with the presence of discs around stars and fast rotation for discless stars is obtained from our periodic variables. A clear increasing trend of the variability amplitude with IR excess is found for all variables.

Vitamin D and insulin resistance in non-diabetic women's interagency HIV study participants.

PubMed

Adeyemi, Oluwatoyin M; Livak, Britt; Orsi, Jennifer; Glesby, Marshall J; Villacres, Maria C; Weber, Kathleen M; Sharma, Anjali; Golub, Elizabeth; Young, Mary; Cohen, Mardge; Tien, Phyllis C

2013-06-01

We explored the relationship between vitamin D levels and insulin resistance (IR) among 1082 nondiabetic (754 HIV-infected) women enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV study (WIHS), a large and well-established cohort of HIV infected and uninfected women in the US. Vitamin D levels 20-29 ng/mL were considered insufficient and <20 ng/mL deficient. IR was estimated using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) and a clinically significant cut-off ≥2.6 was used for HOMA-IR. In the unadjusted analysis, women who were vitamin D insufficient or deficient were 1.62 (95% CI: 1.01-2.61, p=0.05) and 1.70 (95% CI: 1.11-2.60, p=0.02) times more likely to have HOMA values≥2.6 compared to women with sufficient vitamin D. The association did not remain significant after adjustment for factors associated with IR. Among the 754 HIV-infected women, current PI use (OR 1.61, 95% CI: 1.13-2.28, p=0.008) remained independently associated with HOMA ≥2.6 while vitamin D insufficiency (OR 1.80, 95% CI: 0.99-3.27, p=0.05) was marginally associated with HOMA ≥2.6 after adjustment. Ethnicity, body mass index, smoking status, and hepatitis C status were independently associated with insulin resistance in HIV-infected and uninfected women. We found a marginally significant association between vitamin D insufficiency and insulin resistance among nondiabetic HIV-infected WIHS women.

Infrared study of H 1743-322 in outburst: a radio-quiet and NIR-dim microquasar

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chaty, S.; Muñoz Arjonilla, A. J.; Dubus, G.

2015-05-01

Context. Microquasars are accreting Galactic sources that are commonly observed to launch relativistic jets. One of the most important issues regarding these sources is the energy budget of ejections relative to the accretion of matter. Aims: The X-ray binary, black hole candidate, and microquasar H 1743-322 exhibited a series of X-ray outbursts between 2003 and 2008. We took optical and near-infrared (OIR) observations with the ESO/NTT telescope during three of these outbursts (2003, 2004, and 2008). The goals of these observations were to investigate the presence of a jet, and to disentangle the various contributions constituting the spectral energy distribution (SED): accretion, ejection, and stellar emission. Methods: Photometric and spectroscopic OIR observations allowed us to produce a high time-resolution lightcurve in Ks-band, to analyze emission lines present in the IR spectra, to construct a multiwavelength SED including radio, IR, and X-ray data, and to complete the OIR vs. X-ray correlation of black hole binaries with H 1743-322 data points. Results: We detect rapid flares of duration ~5 min in the high time-resolution IR lightcurve. We identify hydrogen and helium emission lines in the IR spectra, coming from the accretion disk. The IR SED exhibits the spectral index typically associated with the X-ray high, soft state in our observations taken during the 2003 and 2004 outbursts, while the index changes to one that is typical of the X-ray low, hard state during the 2008 outburst. During this last outburst, we detected a change of slope in the NIR spectrum between the J and Ks bands, where the JH part is characteristic of an optically thick disk emission, while the HKs part is typical of optically thin synchrotron emission. Furthermore, the comparison of our IR data with radio and X-ray data shows that H 1743-322 exhibits a faint jet both in radio and NIR domains. Finally, we suggest that the companion star is a late-type main sequence star located in the Galactic bulge. Conclusions: These OIR photometric and spectroscopic observations of the microquasar H 1743-322, which are the first of this source to be published in a broad multiwavelength context, allow us to unambiguously identify two spectra of different origins in the OIR domain, evolving from optically thick thermal emission to optically thin synchrotron emission toward longer wavelengths. Comparing these OIR observations with other black hole candidates suggests that H 1743-322 behaves like a radio-quiet and NIR-dim black hole in the low, hard state. This study will be useful when quantitatively comparing the overall contribution of the compact jet and accretion flow in the energy budget of microquasars. Based on observations collected at the European Southern Observatory, Chile, through programs 071.D-0073, 073.D-0341 and 081.D-0401.

Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Treatment Sequence Initiating With Etanercept Compared With Leflunomide in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Impact of Reduced Etanercept Cost With Patent Expiration in South Korea.

PubMed

Park, Sun-Kyeong; Park, Seung-Hoo; Lee, Min-Young; Park, Ji-Hyun; Jeong, Jae-Hong; Lee, Eui-Kyung

2016-11-01

In south Korea, the price of biologics has been decreasing owing to patent expiration and the availability of biosimilars. This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of a treatment strategy initiated with etanercept (ETN) compared with leflunomide (LFN) after a 30% reduction in the medication cost of ETN in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with an inadequate response to methotrexate (MTX-IR). A cohort-based Markov model was designed to evaluate the lifetime cost-effectiveness of treatment sequence initiated with ETN (A) compared with 2 sequences initiated with LFN: LFN-ETN sequence (B) and LFN sequence (C). Patients transited through the treatment sequences, which consisted of sequential biologics and palliative therapy, based on American College of Rheumatology (ACR) responses and the probability of discontinuation. A systematic literature review and a network meta-analysis were conducted to estimate ACR responses to ETN and LFN. Utility was estimated by mapping an equation for converting the Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index score to utility weight. The costs comprised medications, outpatient visits, administration, dispensing, monitoring, palliative therapy, and treatment for adverse events. A subanalysis was conducted to identify the influence of the ETN price reduction compared with the unreduced price, and sensitivity analyses explored the uncertainty of model parameters and assumptions. The ETN sequence (A) was associated with higher costs and a gain in quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) compared with both sequences initiated with LFN (B, C) throughout the lifetime of patients with RA and MTX-IR. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) for strategy A versus B was ₩13,965,825 (US$1726) per QALY and that for strategy A versus C was ₩9,587,983 (US$8050) per QALY. The results indicated that strategy A was cost-effective based on the commonly cited ICER threshold of ₩20,000,000 (US$16,793) per QALY in South Korea. The robustness of the base-case analysis was confirmed using sensitivity analyses. When the unreduced medication cost of ETN was applied in a subanalysis, the ICER for strategy A versus B was ₩20,909,572 (US$17,556) per QALY and that for strategy A versus C was ₩22,334,713 (US$18,753) per QALY. This study indicated that a treatment strategy initiated with ETN was more cost-effective in patients with active RA and MTX-IR than 2 sequences initiated with LFN. The results also indicate that the reduced price of ETN affected the cost-effectiveness associated with its earlier use. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier HS Journals, Inc. All rights reserved.

An Analysis of Recruit Training Attrition in the U.S. Marine Corps

DTIC Science & Technology

1978-02-01

direct ir-licatimns for tt.e recruit-r..t. sel)(tion, arJ organizational entry process . To the extent potential recr-uits can :e given accurate...assimilation-socialization process (Graen, 1976) as it influences these and other variables and as this process relates to attrition. Summnarizing the...considers both individual and organizational variables; c) Combined with a longitudinal design, it permits assessment of the learning-socialization process

Chinese Policy Toward South Asia: Implications and Prospects for Nepal

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-03-01

China-India Relations,” Hult International Business School, (July, 2012), http://www.e-ir.info/2012/07/07/an-analysis-of- contemporary-us-china...increasing activities in the Indian Ocean have been global concerns 2 because China and India are emerging as the twenty-first century economic...rapidly developing their hard power capabilities commensurate with their rising statures in global affairs. India is Nepal’s main trading partner

Genetically engineered crops and pesticide use in U.S. maize and soybeans

PubMed Central

Perry, Edward D.; Ciliberto, Federico; Hennessy, David A.; Moschini, GianCarlo

2016-01-01

The widespread adoption of genetically engineered (GE) crops has clearly led to changes in pesticide use, but the nature and extent of these impacts remain open questions. We study this issue with a unique, large, and representative sample of plot-level choices made by U.S. maize and soybean farmers from 1998 to 2011. On average, adopters of GE glyphosate-tolerant (GT) soybeans used 28% (0.30 kg/ha) more herbicide than nonadopters, adopters of GT maize used 1.2% (0.03 kg/ha) less herbicide than nonadopters, and adopters of GE insect-resistant (IR) maize used 11.2% (0.013 kg/ha) less insecticide than nonadopters. When pesticides are weighted by the environmental impact quotient, however, we find that (relative to nonadopters) GE adopters used about the same amount of soybean herbicides, 9.8% less of maize herbicides, and 10.4% less of maize insecticides. In addition, the results indicate that the difference in pesticide use between GE and non-GE adopters has changed significantly over time. For both soybean and maize, GT adopters used increasingly more herbicides relative to nonadopters, whereas adopters of IR maize used increasingly less insecticides. The estimated pattern of change in herbicide use over time is consistent with the emergence of glyphosate weed resistance. PMID:27652335

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Miliordos, Evangelos; Aprà, Edoardo; Xantheas, Sotiris S.

The anharmonic spectra of the gas phase cubic water octamer (W8, D2d and S4 isomers) have been theoretically calculated at the second order Møller-Plesset perturbation (MP2) and the Coupled Cluster with Single, Double and a perturbative estimate of Triple replacements [CCSD(T)] theories. The CCSD(T) harmonic frequencies are the first ones reported for this cluster. An additional band at ~3500 cm-1 is reported, in a spectral area that was not previously accessible experimentally due to technical reasons. The IR spectra of the S4 isomer have a larger number of fundamental bands than the spectra of the D2d isomer, in accordance withmore » the presence of lower symmetry in the former compared to the latter. When W8 interacts with benzene (BZ), the dispersion interaction plays a major role in determining the resulting intermolecular arrangement. Calculations at the MP2, DFT (with the B97XD functional which includes dispersion corrections) and CCSD(T) levels of theory suggest an optimal arrangement in which BZ is almost parallel to one of the faces of the W8 cube. This is in sharp contrast with the previously reported structure in which one of the “free” OH bonds of the W8 cube pointed towards the center of BZ (Science 276, 1678 (1997)) that was determined at the DFT level with the dispersionless B3LYP functional and was used to assign the experimentally measured IR spectra. Five low-lying isomers, three of the S4-like and two of the D2d-like type, were determined and their spectra were assigned. The perturbation of BZ to the W8 bands amounts to (i) the localization of the normal modes of W8 thus resulting in more IR active bands and (ii) the lowering of the overall symmetry of the complex that results in the splitting of the doubly degenerate bands on the bare W8. Our results further suggest that a future recording of the IR spectra in the HOH bending region can definitively aid in the assignment of the various isomers of both the BZ and the BZ-W8 complexes. EM and SSX acknowledge support from the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is a multiprogram national laboratory operated for the US DOE by Battelle. This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.« less

Internal migration effectiveness and income effectiveness in the most populous cities in the United States.

PubMed

Ambinakudige, Shrinidhi; Parisi, Domenico

2010-01-01

In this study, migration data compiled by the Internal Revenue Serve (IRS) and the US Census Bureau for 2006-07 were used to analyse internal migration patterns using migration and income effectiveness for the counties containing the 25 most populous cities in the United States. The results indicated that both large metropolitan and rural counties have lost population and income due to migration. Small metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties closer to cities gained population and income. Counties in South Florida attracted a large number of higher-income migrants from the largest cities in the US. In the last 13 years, New York, Los Angeles and Chicago, the three most populous cities in the US, had negative migration effectiveness. Suburban areas and second-tier cities continued to attract people from large metropolitan areas.

Nanostructured diamond layers enhance the infrared spectroscopy of biomolecules.

PubMed

Kozak, Halyna; Babchenko, Oleg; Artemenko, Anna; Ukraintsev, Egor; Remes, Zdenek; Rezek, Bohuslav; Kromka, Alexander

2014-03-04

We report on the fabrication and practical use of high-quality optical elements based on Au mirrors coated with diamond layers with flat, nanocolumnar, and nanoporous morphologies. Diamond layers (100 nm thickness) are grown at low temperatures (about 300 °C) from a methane, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen gas mixture by a pulsed microwave plasma system with linear antennas. Using grazing angle reflectance (GAR) Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with p-polarized light, we compare the IR spectra of fetal bovine serum proteins adsorbed on diamond layers with oxidized (hydrophilic) surfaces. We show that the nanoporous diamond layers provide IR spectra with a signal gain of about 600% and a significantly improved sensitivity limit. This is attributed to its enhanced internal surface area. The improved sensitivity enabled us to distinguish weak infrared absorption peaks of <10-nm-thick protein layers and thereby to analyze the intimate diamond-molecule interface.

Broad band nonlinear optical absorption measurements of the laser dye IR26 using white light continuum Z-scan

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dey, Soumyodeep; Bongu, Sudhakara Reddy; Bisht, Prem Ballabh

2017-03-01

We study the nonlinear optical response of a standard dye IR26 using the Z-scan technique, but with the white light continuum. The continuum source of wavelength from 450 nm to 1650 nm has been generated from the photonic crystal fiber on pumping with 772 nm of Ti:Sapphire oscillator. The use of broadband incident pulse enables us to probe saturable absorption (SA) and reverse saturable absorption (RSA) over the large spectral range with a single Z-scan measurement. The system shows SA in the resonant region while it turns to RSA in the non-resonant regions. The low saturation intensity of the dye can be explained based on the simultaneous excitation from ground states to various higher energy levels with the help of composite energy level diagram. The cumulative effects of excited state absorption and thermal induced nonlinear optical effects are responsible for the observed RSA.

The chromospheres of late-type stars. I - Eridani as a test case of multiline modelling

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Thatcher, John D.; Robinson, Richard D.; Rees, David E.

1991-01-01

A new model of the lower chromosphere of the dwarf K2 star Epsilon Eridani is derived by matching flux profiles of the Ca IR triplet lines 8498 and 8542 A H-alpha and H-beta lines and the Na D lines (all observed simultaneously at the AAT), and the Ca II K line. The coupled non-LTE equations of statistical equilibrium and radiative transfer are solved under the constraint of hydrostatic equilibrium using the Carlsson (1986) code. Within the framework of the model, the Na D lines are an important photospheric diagnostic, and the Ca IR triplet lines can be used to locate the temperature minimum. The computed H-alpha and H-beta depths are highly sensitive constraints on the transition zone gradients and base pressures allowing us to derive a pressure at the base of the transition zone of 0.9 dyn/cm.

Delineation of areas having elevated electrical conductivity, orientation and characterization of bedrock fractures, and occurrence of groundwater discharge to surface water at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Barite Hill/Nevada Goldfields Superfund site near McCormick, South Carolina

USGS Publications Warehouse

Chapman, Melinda J.; Huffman, Brad A.; McSwain, Kristen Bukowski

2015-07-16

Bedrock properties were characterized from borehole geophysical logs collected from three open-borehole bedrock wells. The mean strike azimuth of the borehole foliation data measured in bedrock well IR-1 was 221° (N. 41° E.), and the mean dip angle was 78° to the northwest. Dominant strike azimuth orientations of primary fractures measured in three boreholes were from 210° to 250° (N. 30° E. to N. 70° E.) with a mean dip of 68° northwest. Transmissivity estimates interpreted from the heat-pulse flowmeter data from bedrock well IR-1 were about 69 feet squared per day, and the radius of influence was estimated at about 640 feet.

Algorithms and methodology used in constructing high-resolution terrain databases

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Williams, Bryan L.; Wilkosz, Aaron

1998-07-01

This paper presents a top-level description of methods used to generate high-resolution 3D IR digital terrain databases using soft photogrammetry. The 3D IR database is derived from aerial photography and is made up of digital ground plane elevation map, vegetation height elevation map, material classification map, object data (tanks, buildings, etc.), and temperature radiance map. Steps required to generate some of these elements are outlined. The use of metric photogrammetry is discussed in the context of elevation map development; and methods employed to generate the material classification maps are given. The developed databases are used by the US Army Aviation and Missile Command to evaluate the performance of various missile systems. A discussion is also presented on database certification which consists of validation, verification, and accreditation procedures followed to certify that the developed databases give a true representation of the area of interest, and are fully compatible with the targeted digital simulators.

Calculation and simulation of atmospheric refraction effects in maritime environments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dion, Denis, Jr.; Gardenal, Lionel; Lahaie, P.; Forand, J. Luc

2001-01-01

Near the sea surface, atmospheric refraction and turbulence affect both IR transmission and image quality. This produces an impact on both the detection and classification/identification of targets. With the financial participation of the U.S. Office of Naval Research (ONR), Canada's Defence Research Establishment Valcartier (DREV) is developing PRIME (Propagation Resources In the Maritime Environment), a computer model aimed at describing the overall atmospheric effects on IR imagery systems in the marine surface layer. PRIME can be used as a complement to MODTRAN to compute the effective transmittance in the marine surface layer, taking into account the lens effects caused by refraction. It also provides information on image degradation caused by both refraction and turbulence. This paper reviews the refraction phenomena that take place in the surface layer and discusses their effects on target detection and identification. We then show how PRIME can benefit detection studies and image degradation simulations.

Radio-loud AGN through the eyes of 3XMM, WISE and FIRST/NVSS

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mingo, B.

2014-07-01

We present the results from a new radio-loud AGN sample, obtained through the cross-correlation between the 3XMM, WISE and FIRST/NVSS catalogues. The radio selection allows us to eliminate the restrictions traditionally associated with mid-IR and X-ray sample selections, and to explore the population of lower luminosity AGN, in which the host galaxy contribution is substantial. We investigate the correlations between radio, mid-IR and X-ray emission associated to both stellar and AGN activity, and whether they can be disentangled. This work has been carried out as part of the ARCHES project. ARCHES (Astronomical Resource Cross-matching for High Energy Studies), funded within the EU/FP7-Cooperation Space framework, is a project which aims to produce well-characterised multi-wavelength data for large samples of sources drawn from the 3XMM serendipitous source catalogue.

Experimental and theoretical studies of the structure of tellurate-borate glasses network.

PubMed

Rada, Simona; Culea, Eugen; Neumann, Manfred

2010-08-01

The structural properties of the xTeO(2) x (1-x)B(2)O(3) glasses (x = 0.6; 0.7) were investigated by FT-IR spectroscopy. From the analysis of the FTIR spectra, it is reasonable to assume that by the increasing of boron ions content, the tetrahedral [BO(4)] units are gradually replaced by the trigonal [BO(3)] units. The increase in the number of non-bridging oxygen atoms would decrease the connectivity of the glass network and will yield the depolymerization of the borate chains. The molecular structure and vibrational frequencies of the proposed structural models have been studied by exploring the density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The FTIR spectra of the xTeO(2) x (1-x)B(2)O(3) vitreous systems were compared with the calculated spectrum. This procedure allowed us to assign most of the observed IR bands.

A Complete Library of Infrared Spectral Energy Distributions for z=0 Galaxies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sandstrom, Karin

CONTEXT: Half of the light emitted by galaxies is starlight absorbed and reprocessed into the infrared by dust. The spectral energy distribution (SED) of this IR emission encodes information on the mass and properties of the dust, the radiation field heating it, and the bolometric luminosity of the region. This makes IR emission a main tool to estimate star formation rates (SFRs) and to trace the distribution of the interstellar medium (ISM) in galaxies. The dust itself also plays key roles in the physics of star formation, and thereby galaxy evolution. This critical information on dust and its dependence on environment can only be reliably measured when we have observations with full wavelength coverage of the IR SED that resolve galaxies. With no new IR imaging missions on the horizon, the remarkably thorough census conducted by Herschel, Spitzer, and WISE of the nearby (D < 50 Mpc) galaxy population is the definitive resource on dust at z=0 for the foreseeable future. Such observations allow us to understand the behavior of the IR SED and so inform observations from the major new facilities ALMA and JWST, which have amazing sensitivity and resolution but limited wavelength coverage. OBJECTIVES: We will create a library of matched resolution, uniformly processed IR SEDs for all 532 local galaxies with resolved mapping in the Herschel, Spitzer, and WISE archives. We will associate the SED measurements with rich "value added" data, including fits of physical models to the IR SED (yielding small grain fractions, temperature, and dust masses), host galaxy properties (e.g., stellar mass, SFR, morphology, inclination), and local conditions in the galaxy (SFR and stellar surface density, ISM gas mass and metallicity where available). The library will be created for a range of spatial and angular scales and served through IRSA/MAST, providing a major high level legacy resource that will be useful to a wide community. We will exploit this database to address three major questions: (1) What powers the dust emission from galaxies and how does dust emission relate to the star formation rate? (2) How are dust and gas related across the galaxy population and how can dust emission best be used to trace gas? and (3) How does the dust grain population vary in response to local environment across galaxies? METHODS: We will use established techniques to uniformly process the archival data, fit models to the spectral energy distributions, match the data in resolution. These have been successfully deployed on similar data by individual teams (including us), but we will apply them to an order of magnitude larger sample. PERCEIVED SIGNIFICANCE: Dust is a main mediator of cloud and star formation, and thus galaxy evolution. Therefore, the properties and evolution of dust in galaxies is directly relevant to key NASA science goals to "Discover how the universe works, explore how it began and evolved, and search for life on planets around other stars." These are also essential tools to understand "How did we get here?" In practical terms, the database that we propose to create would be a major resource for many scientists: a tool to understand the physics of dust and the ISM for those studying local galaxies and a major aid to interpret monochromatic observations of high-z galaxies and galaxy surveys. This should have a large impact in the ALMA and (soon) JWST communities.

Idling Reduction for Long-Haul Trucks: An Economic Comparison of On-Board and Wayside Technologies

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gaines, Linda; Weikersheimer, Patricia

Reducing the idling of long-haul heavy-duty trucks has long been recognized as a particularly low-hanging fruit of fuel efficiency and emissions reduction. The displacement of about 10 hours of diesel idling every day, for most days of the year, for as many as a million long-haul trucks has very clear benefits. This report considers the costs and return on investment (ROI) for idling reduction (IR) equipment for both truck owners and electrified parking space (EPS) equipment owners. For the truck owners, the key variables examined are idling hours to be displaced (generally 1,000 to 2,000 hours per year) and themore » price of fuel ($0 to $5/gal). The ideal IR option would provide complete services in varied climates in any location and offer the best ROI on trucks that log many idling hours. For trucks that have fewer idling hours, options with a fixed cost per hour (i.e., EPS) might be most attractive if they were available to all, or even most, truck drivers. EPS, however, is particularly cost effective for trucks on prescribed routes with a need for regular, extended stops at terminals. (EPS is also called truck stop electrification, or TSE.) The analysis shows that all IR options save money when fuel costs more than $2/gal. For trucks requiring bunk heat, a simple heater (plug-in or diesel) is almost always the most costeffective way to provide heat, even if the truck is equipped with an auxiliary power unit (APU) or is parked at a single-system EPS location. For trucks requiring bunk air-conditioning, the use of single-system EPS is most cost effective for those logging fewer idling hours. Even for trucks with higher idling hours, the cost of EPS may be about the same as that for on-board air-conditioning. Clearly, trucks’ locations and seasonal factors—and the availability of EPS— are significant in the choice of “best fit” IR equipment for truck owners. This report also considers costs and payback for owners of EPS infrastructure. An industry that 5 years ago had at least five players has been narrowed to two companies—one in single-system EPS (IdleAir) and the other in dual-system EPS (Shorepower Technologies). Use of EPS by truck drivers has not met initial expectations for a variety of reasons. One area where EPS has particular promise, however, is in the cost-effective provision of reliable air-conditioning. This analysis is focused strictly on cost and fuel savings; it does not consider the important benefits of reduced emissions (i.e., greenhouse gases and criteria pollutants). It is important to note that all IR options provide some emissions benefits. Even where an IR option may not have a rapid ROI, the emissions-reduction benefit may be considerable. Finally, as the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the U.S. Department of Transportation’s National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) set stricter standards to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve the fuel efficiency of medium- and heavy-duty vehicles, the emissions benefits of IR strategies will become increasingly important.« less

Ultraspectral Infrared Measurements from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) on the EOS Aqua Spacecraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pagano, Thomas

2003-01-01

Aqua measures the Earth's water cycle, energy fluxes, vegetation and temperatures. The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS), Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) and Humidity Sounder for Brazil (HSB) were launched on the EOS Aqua spacecraft in May 2002. AIRS has had good radiometric and spectral sensitivity, stability, and accuracy and is suitable for climate studies. Temperature products compare well with radiosondes and models over the limited test range (|LAT| less than 40 degrees). Early trace gas products demonstrate the potential of AIRS. NASA is developing the next generation of hyperspectral IR imagers. JPL is ready to participate with US government agencies and US industry to transfer AIRS technology and science experience.

Infrared Ion Spectroscopy at Felix: Applications in Peptide Dissociation and Analytical Chemistry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Oomens, Jos

2016-06-01

Infrared free electron lasers such as those in Paris, Berlin and Nijmegen have been at the forefront of the development of infrared ion spectroscopy. In this contribution, I will give an overview of new developments in IR spectroscopy of stored ions at the FELIX Laboratory. In particular, I will focus on recent developments made possible by the coupling of a new commercial ion trap mass spectrometer to the FELIX beamline. The possibility to record IR spectra of mass-selected molecular ions and their reaction products has in recent years shed new light on our understanding of collision induced dissociation (CID) reactions of protonated peptides in mass spectrometry (MS). We now show that it is possible to record IR spectra for the products of electron transfer dissociation (ETD) reactions [M + nH]n+ + A- → [M + nH](n-1)+ + A → {dissociation of analyte} These reactions are now widely used in novel MS-based protein sequencing strategies, but involve complex radical chemistry. The spectroscopic results allow stringent verification of computationally predicted product structures and hence reaction mechanisms and H-atom migration. The sensitivity and high dynamic range of a commercial mass spectrometer also allows us to apply infrared ion spectroscopy to analytes in complex "real-life" mixtures. The ability to record IR spectra with the sensitivity of mass-spectrometric detection is unrivalled in analytical sciences and is particularly useful in the identification of small (biological) molecules, such as in metabolomics. We report preliminary results of a pilot study on the spectroscopic identification of small metabolites in urine and plasma samples.

Statistics of natural reverberation enable perceptual separation of sound and space

PubMed Central

Traer, James; McDermott, Josh H.

2016-01-01

In everyday listening, sound reaches our ears directly from a source as well as indirectly via reflections known as reverberation. Reverberation profoundly distorts the sound from a source, yet humans can both identify sound sources and distinguish environments from the resulting sound, via mechanisms that remain unclear. The core computational challenge is that the acoustic signatures of the source and environment are combined in a single signal received by the ear. Here we ask whether our recognition of sound sources and spaces reflects an ability to separate their effects and whether any such separation is enabled by statistical regularities of real-world reverberation. To first determine whether such statistical regularities exist, we measured impulse responses (IRs) of 271 spaces sampled from the distribution encountered by humans during daily life. The sampled spaces were diverse, but their IRs were tightly constrained, exhibiting exponential decay at frequency-dependent rates: Mid frequencies reverberated longest whereas higher and lower frequencies decayed more rapidly, presumably due to absorptive properties of materials and air. To test whether humans leverage these regularities, we manipulated IR decay characteristics in simulated reverberant audio. Listeners could discriminate sound sources and environments from these signals, but their abilities degraded when reverberation characteristics deviated from those of real-world environments. Subjectively, atypical IRs were mistaken for sound sources. The results suggest the brain separates sound into contributions from the source and the environment, constrained by a prior on natural reverberation. This separation process may contribute to robust recognition while providing information about spaces around us. PMID:27834730

Statistics of natural reverberation enable perceptual separation of sound and space.

PubMed

Traer, James; McDermott, Josh H

2016-11-29

In everyday listening, sound reaches our ears directly from a source as well as indirectly via reflections known as reverberation. Reverberation profoundly distorts the sound from a source, yet humans can both identify sound sources and distinguish environments from the resulting sound, via mechanisms that remain unclear. The core computational challenge is that the acoustic signatures of the source and environment are combined in a single signal received by the ear. Here we ask whether our recognition of sound sources and spaces reflects an ability to separate their effects and whether any such separation is enabled by statistical regularities of real-world reverberation. To first determine whether such statistical regularities exist, we measured impulse responses (IRs) of 271 spaces sampled from the distribution encountered by humans during daily life. The sampled spaces were diverse, but their IRs were tightly constrained, exhibiting exponential decay at frequency-dependent rates: Mid frequencies reverberated longest whereas higher and lower frequencies decayed more rapidly, presumably due to absorptive properties of materials and air. To test whether humans leverage these regularities, we manipulated IR decay characteristics in simulated reverberant audio. Listeners could discriminate sound sources and environments from these signals, but their abilities degraded when reverberation characteristics deviated from those of real-world environments. Subjectively, atypical IRs were mistaken for sound sources. The results suggest the brain separates sound into contributions from the source and the environment, constrained by a prior on natural reverberation. This separation process may contribute to robust recognition while providing information about spaces around us.

Application of spectroscopic methods (FT-IR, Raman, ECD and NMR) in studies of identification and optical purity of radezolid

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Michalska, Katarzyna; Gruba, Ewa; Mizera, Mikołaj; Lewandowska, Kornelia; Bednarek, Elżbieta; Bocian, Wojciech; Cielecka-Piontek, Judyta

2017-08-01

In the presented study, N-{[(5S)-3-(2-fluoro-4‧-{[(1H-1,2,3-triazol-5-ylmethyl)amino]methyl}biphenyl-4-yl)-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-5-yl]methyl}acetamide (radezolid) was synthesized and characterized using FT-IR, Raman, ECD and NMR. The aim of this work was to assess the possibility of applying classical spectral methods such as FT-IR, Raman, ECD and NMR spectroscopy for studies on the identification and optical purity of radezolid. The experimental interpretation of FT-IR and Raman spectra of radezolid was conducted in combination with theoretical studies. Density functional theory (DFT) with the B3LYP hybrid functional was used for obtaining radezolid spectra. Full identification was carried out by COSY, 1H {13C} HSQC and 1H {13C} HMBC experiments. The experimental NMR chemical shifts and spin-spin coupling constants were compared with theoretical calculations using the DFT method and B3LYP functional employing the 6-311 ++G(d,p) basis set and the solvent polarizable continuum model (PCM). The experimental ECD spectra of synthesized radezolid were compared with experimental spectra of the reference standard of radezolid. Theoretical calculations enabled us to conduct HOMO and LUMO analysis and molecular electrostatic potential maps were used to determine the active sites of microbiologically active form of radezolid enantiomer. The relationship between results of ab initio calculations and knowledge about chemical-biological properties of S-radezolid and other oxazolidinone derivatives are also discussed.

Critical Dispersion-Theory Tests of Silicon's IR Refractive Index

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Karstens, William; Smith, D. Y.

Silicon strongly absorbs both visible and UV light, but is highly transparent in the IR. Hence, it is a common choice for infrared windows and lenses. However, optical design is hindered by literature index values that disagree by up to 1%. In contrast optical-glass indices are known to 0.01% or better. The most widely available silicon IR indices are based on bulk measurements using either Snell's-Law refraction by a prism or channel-spectra interference of front- and backsurface reflections from a planar sample. To test the physical acceptability of these data, we have developed criteria based on a Taylor expansion of the Kramers-Kronig relation for the index at energies below strong inter-band transitions. These tests require that the coefficients of the series in powers of energy squared must be positive within the region of transparency. This is satisfied by essentially all prism measurements; their small scatter arises primarily from impurities and doping. In contrast, channel-spectra data fail in the second and third coefficients. A review of the experimental analysis indicates three problems besides purity: incorrect channel number arising from a channel-spectra model that neglects spectrum distortion by the weak lattice absorption; use of a series expansion of mixed parity in photon energy to describe the even-parity index; and use of an incorrect absorption energy in the Li-Sellmeier dispersion formula. Recommendations for IR index values for pure silicon will be discussed. Supported in part by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357.

Materials Research of Perovskite Thin Films for Uncooled Infrared (IR) Detectors

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-07-01

Today April 2010, 5 (2), 99–105. 4. Livingston, F. E.; Helvajian , H . Laser Processing Architecture for Improved Material Processing. in Laser...crystalline final perovskite (BaTiO3) in only 3 h , representing a significantly increased throughput compared to previous results using vapor...Plane Arrays; ARL-TR-5389; U.S. Army Research Laboratory: Adelphi, MD, November 2010. 5. Wemple, S. H . Phys. Rev. B 1970, 2, 2679. 6. Xu, J

Novel Influenza A (H1N1) Outbreak at the U.S. Air Force Academy: Epidemiology and Viral Shedding Duration (American Journal of Preventive Medicine, Volume 20, Number 10, 2009)

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-01-01

and Viral Shedding Duration atherine Takacs Witkop, MD, MPH, Mark R. Duffy, DVM, MPH, Elizabeth A. Macias, PhD, homas F. Gibbons, PhD, James D. Escobar...oseltami- ir two times daily for 5 days if the patients indicated onset of ymptoms no more than 72 hours prior to presentation. pper-class cadets

The Effect of U.S. National Interests on Arms Transfer Decision Making in Brazil.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-09-01

the assistance of Diana H. bichman, U.S.e , (Wahngt" CI - -n4PrIr. stitute foPubl~c Policy, Res;arc-h, 1982). 4. Geoffrey Kump with Steve Miller, "The...LL.U,, (C]hto S.F~IFFn Uversif. Vr;-s’- TtMB’. 36. Cesar A. Chelala, and Jose F. Westerkamp , "Perilous Irgentine Rearming," N41 121t 122js, June 15

Mobility and Molecular Ions of Dimethyl Methyl Phosphonate, Methyl Salicylate, and Acetone.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-06-01

MICRCOP REOUIO.ET1HR NICOCOPY BRESOUIO EST CHAR T AD .-..., CHEMICOL f.. SYSTEMS US Army Armament 11..: LABORATORY Research and Development Command _NTR...ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT PROJECT, TASK Commnde, Cemicl Sstes LaoraoryAREA & WORK U NIT’NUMBERS CommNder DARCemia Systems Laborato...Chemical Systems Laboratory, ATTN: DRDAR-CLJ-IR, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010. However, the Defense Technical Information Center and National

Solar Variability from 240 to 1750 nm in Terms of Faculae Brightening and Sunspot Darkening from SCIAMACHY

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pagaran, J.; Weber, M.; Burrows, J.

2009-08-01

The change of spectral decomposition of the total radiative output on various timescales of solar magnetic activity is of large interest to terrestrial and solar-stellar atmosphere studies. Starting in 2002, SCIAMACHY was the first satellite instrument to observe daily solar spectral irradiance (SSI) continuously from 230 nm (UV) to 1750 nm (near-infrared; near-IR). In order to address the question of how much UV, visible (vis), and IR spectral regions change on 27 day and 11 year timescales, we parameterize short-term SSI variations in terms of faculae brightening (Mg II index) and sunspot darkening (photometric sunspot index) proxies. Although spectral variations above 300 nm are below 1% and, therefore, well below the accuracy of absolute radiometric calibration, relative accuracy for short-term changes is shown to be in the per mill range. This enables us to derive short-term spectral irradiance variations from the UV to the near-IR. During Halloween solar storm in 2003 with a record high sunspot area, we observe a reduction of 0.3% in the near-IR to 0.5% in the vis and near-UV. This is consistent with a 0.4% reduction in total solar irradiance (TSI). Over an entire 11 year solar cycle, SSI variability covering simultaneously the UV, vis, and IR spectral regions have not been directly observed so far. Using variations of solar proxies over solar cycle 23, solar cycle spectral variations have been estimated using scaling factors that best matched short-term variations of SCIAMACHY. In the 300-400 nm region, which strongly contributes to TSI solar cycle change, a contribution of 34% is derived from SCIAMACHY observations, which is lower than the reported values from SUSIM satellite data and the empirical SATIRE model. The total UV contribution (below 400 nm) to TSI solar cycle variations is estimated to be 55%.

SOLAR VARIABILITY FROM 240 TO 1750 nm IN TERMS OF FACULAE BRIGHTENING AND SUNSPOT DARKENING FROM SCIAMACHY

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pagaran, J.; Weber, M.; Burrows, J.

2009-08-01

The change of spectral decomposition of the total radiative output on various timescales of solar magnetic activity is of large interest to terrestrial and solar-stellar atmosphere studies. Starting in 2002, SCIAMACHY was the first satellite instrument to observe daily solar spectral irradiance (SSI) continuously from 230 nm (UV) to 1750 nm (near-infrared; near-IR). In order to address the question of how much UV, visible (vis), and IR spectral regions change on 27 day and 11 year timescales, we parameterize short-term SSI variations in terms of faculae brightening (Mg II index) and sunspot darkening (photometric sunspot index) proxies. Although spectral variationsmore » above 300 nm are below 1% and, therefore, well below the accuracy of absolute radiometric calibration, relative accuracy for short-term changes is shown to be in the per mill range. This enables us to derive short-term spectral irradiance variations from the UV to the near-IR. During Halloween solar storm in 2003 with a record high sunspot area, we observe a reduction of 0.3% in the near-IR to 0.5% in the vis and near-UV. This is consistent with a 0.4% reduction in total solar irradiance (TSI). Over an entire 11 year solar cycle, SSI variability covering simultaneously the UV, vis, and IR spectral regions have not been directly observed so far. Using variations of solar proxies over solar cycle 23, solar cycle spectral variations have been estimated using scaling factors that best matched short-term variations of SCIAMACHY. In the 300-400 nm region, which strongly contributes to TSI solar cycle change, a contribution of 34% is derived from SCIAMACHY observations, which is lower than the reported values from SUSIM satellite data and the empirical SATIRE model. The total UV contribution (below 400 nm) to TSI solar cycle variations is estimated to be 55%.« less

Morbidity of curative cancer surgery and suicide risk.

PubMed

Jayakrishnan, Thejus T; Sekigami, Yurie; Rajeev, Rahul; Gamblin, T Clark; Turaga, Kiran K

2017-11-01

Curative cancer operations lead to debility and loss of autonomy in a population vulnerable to suicide death. The extent to which operative intervention impacts suicide risk is not well studied. To examine the effects of morbidity of curative cancer surgeries and prognosis of disease on the risk of suicide in patients with solid tumors. Retrospective cohort study using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data from 2004 to 2011; multilevel systematic review. General US population. Participants were 482 781 patients diagnosed with malignant neoplasm between 2004 and 2011 who underwent curative cancer surgeries. Death by suicide or self-inflicted injury. Among 482 781 patients that underwent curative cancer surgery, 231 committed suicide (16.58/100 000 person-years [95% confidence interval, CI, 14.54-18.82]). Factors significantly associated with suicide risk included male sex (incidence rate [IR], 27.62; 95% CI, 23.82-31.86) and age >65 years (IR, 22.54; 95% CI, 18.84-26.76). When stratified by 30-day overall postoperative morbidity, a significantly higher incidence of suicide was found for high-morbidity surgeries (IR, 33.30; 95% CI, 26.50-41.33) vs moderate morbidity (IR, 24.27; 95% CI, 18.92-30.69) and low morbidity (IR, 9.81; 95% CI, 7.90-12.04). Unit increase in morbidity was significantly associated with death by suicide (odds ratio, 1.01; 95% CI, 1.00-1.03; P = .02) and decreased suicide-specific survival (hazards ratio, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.00-1.03, P = .01) in prognosis-adjusted models. In this sample of cancer patients in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, patients that undergo high-morbidity surgeries appear most vulnerable to death by suicide. The identification of this high-risk cohort should motivate health care providers and particularly surgeons to adopt screening measures during the postoperative follow-up period for these patients. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

IR Observations of a Complete Unbiased Sample of Bright Seyfert Galaxies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Malkan, Matthew; Bendo, George; Charmandaris, Vassilis; Smith, Howard; Spinoglio, Luigi; Tommasin, Silvia

2008-03-01

IR spectra will measure the 2 main energy-generating processes by which galactic nuclei shine: black hole accretion and star formation. Both of these play roles in galaxy evolution, and they appear connected. To obtain a complete sample of AGN, covering the range of luminosities and column-densities, we will combine 2 complete all-sky samples with complementary selections, minimally biased by dust obscuration: the 116 IRAS 12um AGN and the 41 Swift/BAT hard Xray AGN. These galaxies have been extensively studied across the entire EM spectrum. Herschel observations have been requested and will be synergistic with the Spitzer database. IRAC and MIPS imaging will allow us to separate the nuclear and galactic continua. We are completing full IR observations of the local AGN population, most of which have already been done. The only remaining observations we request are 10 IRS/HIRES, 57 MIPS-24 and 30 IRAC pointings. These high-quality observations of bright AGN in the bolometric-flux-limited samples should be completed, for the high legacy value of complete uniform datasets. We will measure quantitatively the emission at each wavelength arising from stars and from accretion in each galactic center. Since our complete samples come from flux-limited all-sky surveys in the IR and HX, we will calculate the bi-variate AGN and star formation Luminosity Functions for the local population of active galaxies, for comparison with higher redshifts.Our second aim is to understand the physical differences between AGN classes. This requires statistical comparisons of full multiwavelength observations of complete representative samples. If the difference between Sy1s and Sy2s is caused by orientation, their isotropic properties, including those of the surrounding galactic centers, should be similar. In contrast, if they are different evolutionary stages following a galaxy encounter, then we may find observational evidence that the circumnuclear ISM of Sy2s is relatively younger.

Glucocorticoid exposure and fracture risk in a cohort of US patients with selected conditions.

PubMed

Balasubramanian, A; Wade, S W; Adler, R A; Saag, K; Pannacciulli, N; Curtis, J R

2018-06-20

We evaluated systemic glucocorticoid exposure and fracture among patients with newly-diagnosed inflammatory and immune-modulated conditions. Using administrative data, inception cohorts of RA, asthma/COPD, IBD, MS, lupus, and sarcoidosis patients age 18-64 years with benefits coverage ≥12 months before diagnosis (1/1/2005-12/31/2012) were followed to clinical fracture, cancer diagnosis, or 12/31/2012. Glucocorticoid users were new to therapy. Fracture incidence rates (IR) per 1,000 person-years were stratified by prednisone equivalent doses. Cox's proportional hazards models assessed risk by daily and cumulative dose, and by time since discontinuation, adjusted for baseline characteristics. Most patients (72% of 403,337) had glucocorticoid exposure; 52% were under age 50. IR (95% confidence intervals [CI]) of any osteoporotic fracture was elevated at doses < 5 mg/day, IR: 9.33 [7.29, 11.77] versus 0 mg/day, IR: 4.87 [4.72, 5.02]). Fracture rates were elevated at doses < 5 mg/day in patients < 50 years and those ≥ 50 years. In both age groups, fracture risk increased with increasing cumulative exposure, being approximately 2.5-fold higher at cumulative dose ≥ 5400 mg compared to < 675 mg. At ≥ 5400 mg, IR were 5.69 [4.32, 7.35] in patients < 50 years and 17.10 [14.97, 19.46] in older patients. Fracture risk decreased significantly within months following glucocorticoid discontinuation. In patients with a variety of inflammatory conditions, fracture risk increased at doses as low as < 5 mg/day. Risk increased with increasing cumulative exposure and decreased soon following glucocorticoid discontinuation. Trends were similar between patients older and younger than 50 years. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

The near-infrared broad emission line region of active galactic nuclei - II. The 1-μm continuum

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Landt, Hermine; Elvis, Martin; Ward, Martin J.; Bentz, Misty C.; Korista, Kirk T.; Karovska, Margarita

2011-06-01

We use quasi-simultaneous near-infrared (near-IR) and optical spectroscopy from four observing runs to study the continuum around 1 μm in 23 well-known broad emission line active galactic nuclei (AGN). We show that, after correcting the optical spectra for host galaxy light, the AGN continuum around this wavelength can be approximated by the sum of mainly two emission components, a hot dust blackbody and an accretion disc. The accretion disc spectrum appears to dominate the flux at ˜ 1 μm, which allows us to derive a relation for estimating AGN black hole masses based on the near-IR virial product. This result also means that a near-IR reverberation programme can determine the AGN state independent of simultaneous optical spectroscopy. On average we derive hot dust blackbody temperatures of ˜1400 K, a value close to the sublimation temperature of silicate dust grains, and relatively low hot dust covering factors of ˜7 per cent. Our preliminary variability studies indicate that in most sources, the hot dust emission responds to changes in the accretion disc flux with the expected time lag; however, a few sources show a behaviour that can be attributed to dust destruction.

Angular and Seasonal Variation of Spectral Surface Reflectance Ratios: Implications for the Remote Sensing of Aerosol over Land

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Remer, L. A.; Wald, A. E.; Kaufman, Y. J.

1999-01-01

We obtain valuable information on the angular and seasonal variability of surface reflectance using a hand-held spectrometer from a light aircraft. The data is used to test a procedure that allows us to estimate visible surface reflectance from the longer wavelength 2.1 micrometer channel (mid-IR). Estimating or avoiding surface reflectance in the visible is a vital first step in most algorithms that retrieve aerosol optical thickness over land targets. The data indicate that specular reflection found when viewing targets from the forward direction can severely corrupt the relationships between the visible and 2.1 micrometer reflectance that were derived from nadir data. There is a month by month variation in the ratios between the visible and the mid-IR, weakly correlated to the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). If specular reflection is not avoided, the errors resulting from estimating surface reflectance from the mid-IR exceed the acceptable limit of DELTA-rho approximately 0.01 in roughly 40% of the cases, using the current algorithm. This is reduced to 25% of the cases if specular reflection is avoided. An alternative method that uses path radiance rather than explicitly estimating visible surface reflectance results in similar errors. The two methods have different strengths and weaknesses that require further study.

Phenomenological study of the interplay between IR-improved DGLAP-CS theory and the precision of an NLO ME matched parton shower MC

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Majhi, S.K., E-mail: tpskm@iacs.res.in; Mukhopadhyay, A., E-mail: aditi_mukhopadhyay@baylor.edu; Ward, B.F.L., E-mail: bfl_ward@baylor.edu

2014-11-15

We present a phenomenological study of the current status of the application of our approach of exact amplitude-based resummation in quantum field theory to precision QCD calculations, by realistic MC event generator methods, as needed for precision LHC physics. We discuss recent results as they relate to the interplay of the attendant IR-improved DGLAP-CS theory of one of us and the precision of exact NLO matrix-element matched parton shower MC’s in the Herwig6.5 environment as determined by comparison to recent LHC experimental observations on single heavy gauge boson production and decay. The level of agreement between the new theory andmore » the data continues to be a reason for optimism. In the spirit of completeness, we discuss as well other approaches to the same theoretical predictions that we make here from the standpoint of physical precision with an eye toward the (sub-)1% QCD⊗EW total theoretical precision regime for LHC physics. - Highlights: • Using LHC data, we show that IR-improved DGLAP-CS kernels with exact NLO Shower/ME matching improves MC precision. • We discuss other possible approaches in comparison with ours. • We propose experimental tests to discriminate between competing approaches.« less

Temperature resolution enhancing of commercially available IR camera using computer processing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Trofimov, Vyacheslav A.; Trofimov, Vladislav V.

2015-09-01

As it is well-known, application of the passive THz camera for the security problems is very promising way. It allows seeing concealed object without contact with a person and this camera is non-dangerous for a person. Using such THz camera, one can see a temperature difference on the human skin if this difference is caused by different temperatures inside the body. Because the passive THz camera is very expensive, we try to use the IR camera for observing of such phenomenon. We use a computer code that is available for treatment of the images captured by commercially available IR camera, manufactured by Flir Corp. Using this code we demonstrate clearly changing of human body skin temperature induced by water drinking. Nevertheless, in some cases it is necessary to use additional computer processing to show clearly changing of human body temperature. One of these approaches is developed by us. We believe that we increase ten times (or more) the temperature resolution of such camera. Carried out experiments can be used for solving the counter-terrorism problem and for medicine problems solving. Shown phenomenon is very important for the detection of forbidden objects and substances concealed inside the human body using non-destructive control without X-ray application. Early we have demonstrated such possibility using THz radiation.

The design of the new IR beamline at ASTRID2

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Li, Zheshen, E-mail: zsli@phys.au.dk; Hoffmann, Søren Vrønning; Rieger, Peter

2016-07-27

We report on the successful design, installation and commission of the new AU-IR beam line at ASTRID2. ASTRID2 is the new synchrotron facility running at top-up mode and at 580 MeV, which is optimized for low energies at Aarhus University, Denmark. The highlight of the beam line is that it is simple, low cost and reliable. The optics system consists of two gold-coated mirrors only and is as close as 1.367 m away from an entrance edge of a bending magnet. This allows a horizontal acceptance angle of 35 mrad and a vertical acceptance of 28 mrad. The source pointmore » is chosen to be near the leading edge of the bending magnet where the electron beam enters the dipole field. This allows us to use the strong edge radiation from the bending magnet together with the bending radiation. The beam line is equipped with a Vertex{sup TM} 70v FTIR spectrometer from Bruker{sup TM}. The beam line design and choice of the “rock-solid” optical design version of spectrometer ensure a good reliability to beam drift and vibrations. Currently, the system is running at mid-range IR. Further upgrades have been planned.« less

Hexanoic Acid Treatment Prevents Systemic MNSV Movement in Cucumis melo Plants by Priming Callose Deposition Correlating SA and OPDA Accumulation.

PubMed

Fernández-Crespo, Emma; Navarro, Jose A; Serra-Soriano, Marta; Finiti, Iván; García-Agustín, Pilar; Pallás, Vicente; González-Bosch, Carmen

2017-01-01

Unlike fungal and bacterial diseases, no direct method is available to control viral diseases. The use of resistance-inducing compounds can be an alternative strategy for plant viruses. Here we studied the basal response of melon to Melon necrotic spot virus (MNSV) and demonstrated the efficacy of hexanoic acid (Hx) priming, which prevents the virus from systemically spreading. We analysed callose deposition and the hormonal profile and gene expression at the whole plant level. This allowed us to determine hormonal homeostasis in the melon roots, cotyledons, hypocotyls, stems and leaves involved in basal and hexanoic acid-induced resistance (Hx-IR) to MNSV. Our data indicate important roles of salicylic acid (SA), 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA), jasmonic-isoleucine, and ferulic acid in both responses to MNSV. The hormonal and metabolites balance, depending on the time and location associated with basal and Hx-IR, demonstrated the reprogramming of plant metabolism in MNSV-inoculated plants. The treatment with both SA and OPDA prior to virus infection significantly reduced MNSV systemic movement by inducing callose deposition. This demonstrates their relevance in Hx-IR against MNSV and a high correlation with callose deposition. Our data also provide valuable evidence to unravel priming mechanisms by natural compounds.

Vibrational spectroscopy for imaging single microbial cells in complex biological samples

DOE PAGES

Harrison, Jesse P.; Berry, David

2017-04-13

Here, vibrational spectroscopy is increasingly used for the rapid and non-destructive imaging of environmental and medical samples. Both Raman and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) imaging have been applied to obtain detailed information on the chemical composition of biological materials, ranging from single microbial cells to tissues. Due to its compatibility with methods such as stable isotope labeling for the monitoring of cellular activities, vibrational spectroscopy also holds considerable power as a tool in microbial ecology. Chemical imaging of undisturbed biological systems (such as live cells in their native habitats) presents unique challenges due to the physical and chemical complexity of themore » samples, potential for spectral interference, and frequent need for real-time measurements. This Mini Review provides a critical synthesis of recent applications of Raman and FT-IR spectroscopy for characterizing complex biological samples, with a focus on developments in single-cell imaging. We also discuss how new spectroscopic methods could be used to overcome current limitations of singlecell analyses. Given the inherent complementarity of Raman and FT-IR spectroscopic methods, we discuss how combining these approaches could enable us to obtain new insights into biological activities either in situ or under conditions that simulate selected properties of the natural environment.« less

Band Edge Dynamics and Multiexciton Generation in Narrow Band Gap HgTe Nanocrystals.

PubMed

Livache, Clément; Goubet, Nicolas; Martinez, Bertille; Jagtap, Amardeep; Qu, Junling; Ithurria, Sandrine; Silly, Mathieu G; Dubertret, Benoit; Lhuillier, Emmanuel

2018-04-11

Mercury chalcogenide nanocrystals and especially HgTe appear as an interesting platform for the design of low cost mid-infrared (mid-IR) detectors. Nevertheless, their electronic structure and transport properties remain poorly understood, and some critical aspects such as the carrier relaxation dynamics at the band edge have been pushed under the rug. Some of the previous reports on dynamics are setup-limited, and all of them have been obtained using photon energy far above the band edge. These observations raise two main questions: (i) what are the carrier dynamics at the band edge and (ii) should we expect some additional effect (multiexciton generation (MEG)) as such narrow band gap materials are excited far above the band edge? To answer these questions, we developed a high-bandwidth setup that allows us to understand and compare the carrier dynamics resonantly pumped at the band edge in the mid-IR and far above the band edge. We demonstrate that fast (>50 MHz) photoresponse can be obtained even in the mid-IR and that MEG is occurring in HgTe nanocrystal arrays with a threshold around 3 times the band edge energy. Furthermore, the photoresponse can be effectively tuned in magnitude and sign using a phototransistor configuration.

The role of membrane dynamics in electrical and infrared neural stimulation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Moen, Erick K.; Beier, Hope T.; Ibey, Bennett L.; Armani, Andrea M.

2016-03-01

We recently developed a nonlinear optical imaging technique based on second harmonic generation (SHG) to identify membrane disruption events in live cells. This technique was used to detect nanoporation in the plasma membrane following nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF) exposure. It has been hypothesized that similar poration events could be induced by the thermal gradients generated by infrared (IR) laser energy. Optical pulses are a highly desirable stimulus for the nervous system, as they are capable of inhibiting and producing action potentials in a highly localized but non-contact fashion. However, the underlying mechanisms involved with infrared neural stimulation (INS) are not well understood. The ability of our method to non-invasively measure membrane structure and transmembrane potential via Two Photon Fluorescence (TPF) make it uniquely suited to neurological research. In this work, we leverage our technique to understand what role membrane structure plays during INS and contrast it with nsPEF stimulation. We begin by examining the effect of IR pulses on CHO-K1 cells before progressing to primary hippocampal neurons. The use of these two cell lines allows us to directly compare poration as a result of IR pulses to nsPEF exposure in both a neuron-derived cell line, and one likely lacking native channels sensitive to thermal stimuli.

Small-scale structure of the CO emission in S255 from lunar occultation observations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schloerb, F. P.; Scoville, N. Z.

1980-01-01

Two lunar occultations of the S255 H II region/molecular cloud complex were observed in the 2.6 mm CO line during 1978 and 1979. The resolution obtained (between 4 arcsec and 7 arcsec) enables us to resolve bright sources that are much smaller than the 44 arcsec telescope beam. In addition to the large-scale structure (approximately 10 arcmin in size) seen in previous CO maps, the observations reveal two high-temperature emission regions in the cloud core associated with two compact infrared sources about 20 arcsec apart. The first CO hot spot is larger in size with a Gaussian width of 41 arcsec + or - 7 arcsec and a peak temperature of 65 K. Its center falls between the two small infrared sources S255 IRS1 and IRS2. The linear size and peak temperature of this source are remarkably similar to those in the Orion Kleinmann-Low nebula. The second source is revealed from a discontinuous change in the CO line flux as the lunar limb crossed S255 IRS1. The size of this component is less than 7 arcsec; its temperature must exceed 200 K. No evidence is found for exceptionally high temperatures at the boundary of the two H II regions crossed during the occultations.

Vibrational spectroscopy for imaging single microbial cells in complex biological samples

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Harrison, Jesse P.; Berry, David

Here, vibrational spectroscopy is increasingly used for the rapid and non-destructive imaging of environmental and medical samples. Both Raman and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) imaging have been applied to obtain detailed information on the chemical composition of biological materials, ranging from single microbial cells to tissues. Due to its compatibility with methods such as stable isotope labeling for the monitoring of cellular activities, vibrational spectroscopy also holds considerable power as a tool in microbial ecology. Chemical imaging of undisturbed biological systems (such as live cells in their native habitats) presents unique challenges due to the physical and chemical complexity of themore » samples, potential for spectral interference, and frequent need for real-time measurements. This Mini Review provides a critical synthesis of recent applications of Raman and FT-IR spectroscopy for characterizing complex biological samples, with a focus on developments in single-cell imaging. We also discuss how new spectroscopic methods could be used to overcome current limitations of singlecell analyses. Given the inherent complementarity of Raman and FT-IR spectroscopic methods, we discuss how combining these approaches could enable us to obtain new insights into biological activities either in situ or under conditions that simulate selected properties of the natural environment.« less

Magnetic field induced evolution of intertwined orders in the Kitaev magnet β -Li2IrO3

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rousochatzakis, Ioannis; Perkins, Natalia B.

2018-05-01

Recent scattering experiments in the 3D Kitaev magnet β -Li2IrO3 have shown that a relatively weak magnetic field along the crystallographic b axis drives the system from its incommensurate counter-rotating order to a correlated magnet, with a significant uniform `zigzag' component superimposing the magnetization along the field. Here it is shown that the zigzag order is not emerging from its linear coupling to the field (via a staggered, off-diagonal element of the g tensor) but from its intertwining with the incommensurate order and the longitudinal magnetization. The emerging picture explains all qualitative experimental findings at zero and finite fields, including the rapid decline of the incommensurate order with field and the so-called intensity sum rule. The latter are shown to be independent signatures of the smallness of the Heisenberg exchange J , compared to the Kitaev coupling K and the off-diagonal anisotropy Γ . Remarkably, in the regime of interest, the field H* at which the incommensurate component vanishes, depends essentially only on J , which allows us to extract an estimate of J ≃4 K from reported measurements of H*. We also comment on recent experiments in pressurized β -Li2IrO3 and conclude that J decreases with pressure.

Towards ultrasound enhanced mid-IR spectroscopy for sensing bacteria in aqueous solutions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Freitag, Stephan; Schwaighofer, Andreas; Radel, Stefan; Lendl, Bernhard

2018-02-01

We employ attenuated total reflection (ATR) mid-IR technology for sensing of bacteria present in aqueous solution. In ATR spectroscopy, the penetration depth of the evanescent field extends to approx. 1-2 micrometers into the aqueous solution depending on the refractive index of the employed materials (Si, ZnS, Ge) used as attenuated total reflection (ATR) element and the geometry of the optical set-up. Due to the flow profile in the microfluidic cell, an additional force is required to bring particles into the evanescent field for measurement. For that purpose, we employ standing ultrasound waves produced between a sound source vibrating at approx. 2 MHz and the ATR crystal acting as a reflector. This ultrasonic trap is integrated into the microfluidic channel. As aqueous solution is passing through that acoustofluidic cell, particles are concentrated in the nodal plane of the standing ultrasound wave, forming particle conglomerates. By selecting appropriate experimental conditions, it is then possible to press bacteria against the crystal surface for interaction with the evanescent wave (as well as to keep them away from the ATR element). Our current work aims at establishing a custommade US-ATR-IR setup for signal enhancement of bacteria (e.g. E. coli, P. aeruginosa as well as Salmonella) in drinking water.

Hexanoic Acid Treatment Prevents Systemic MNSV Movement in Cucumis melo Plants by Priming Callose Deposition Correlating SA and OPDA Accumulation

PubMed Central

Fernández-Crespo, Emma; Navarro, Jose A.; Serra-Soriano, Marta; Finiti, Iván; García-Agustín, Pilar; Pallás, Vicente; González-Bosch, Carmen

2017-01-01

Unlike fungal and bacterial diseases, no direct method is available to control viral diseases. The use of resistance-inducing compounds can be an alternative strategy for plant viruses. Here we studied the basal response of melon to Melon necrotic spot virus (MNSV) and demonstrated the efficacy of hexanoic acid (Hx) priming, which prevents the virus from systemically spreading. We analysed callose deposition and the hormonal profile and gene expression at the whole plant level. This allowed us to determine hormonal homeostasis in the melon roots, cotyledons, hypocotyls, stems and leaves involved in basal and hexanoic acid-induced resistance (Hx-IR) to MNSV. Our data indicate important roles of salicylic acid (SA), 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA), jasmonic-isoleucine, and ferulic acid in both responses to MNSV. The hormonal and metabolites balance, depending on the time and location associated with basal and Hx-IR, demonstrated the reprogramming of plant metabolism in MNSV-inoculated plants. The treatment with both SA and OPDA prior to virus infection significantly reduced MNSV systemic movement by inducing callose deposition. This demonstrates their relevance in Hx-IR against MNSV and a high correlation with callose deposition. Our data also provide valuable evidence to unravel priming mechanisms by natural compounds. PMID:29104580

Effect of high-dose pitavastatin on glucose homeostasis in patients at elevated risk of new-onset diabetes: insights from the CAPITAIN and PREVAIL-US studies.

PubMed

Chapman, M J; Orsoni, A; Robillard, P; Hounslow, N; Sponseller, C A; Giral, P

2014-05-01

Statin treatment may impair glucose homeostasis and increase the risk of new-onset diabetes mellitus, although this may depend on the statin, dose and patient population. We evaluated the effects of pitavastatin 4 mg/day on glucose homeostasis in patients with metabolic syndrome in the CAPITAIN trial. Findings were validated in a subset of patients enrolled in PREVAIL-US. Participants with a well defined metabolic syndrome phenotype were recruited to CAPITAIN to reduce the influence of confounding factors. Validation and comparison datasets were selected comprising phenotypically similar subsets of individuals enrolled in PREVAIL-US and treated with pitavastatin or pravastatin, respectively. Mean change from baseline in parameters of glucose homeostasis (fasting plasma glucose [FPG], glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c], insulin, quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index [QUICKI] and homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance [HOMA-IR]) and plasma lipid profile were assessed at 6 months (CAPITAIN) and 3 months (PREVAIL-US) after initiating treatment. In CAPITAIN (n = 12), no significant differences from baseline in HbA1c, insulin, HOMA-IR and QUICKI were observed at day 180 in patients treated with pitavastatin. A small (4%) increase in FPG from baseline to day 180 (P < 0.05), was observed. In the validation dataset (n = 9), no significant differences from baseline in glycemic parameters were observed at day 84 (all comparisons P > 0.05). Similar results were observed for pravastatin in the comparison dataset (n = 14). Other than a small change in FPG in the CAPITAIN study, neutral effects of pitavastatin on glucose homeostasis were observed in two cohorts of patients with metabolic syndrome, independent of its efficacy in reducing levels of atherogenic lipoproteins. The small number of patients and relatively short follow-up period represent limitations of the study. Nevertheless, these data suggest that statin-induced diabetogenesis may not represent a class effect.

The Cost-Utility Analysis of PET-Scan in Diagnosis and Treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma in Iran.

PubMed

Akbari Sari, Ali; Ravaghi, Hamid; Mobinizadeh, Mohammadreza; Sarvari, Sima

2013-06-01

PET scan is a non-invasive, complex and expensive medical imaging technology that is normally used for the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases including lung cancer. The purpose of this study is to assess the cost effectiveness of this technology in the diagnosis and treatment of non- small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) in Iran. The main electronic databases including The Cochrane Library and Medline were searched to identify available evidence about the performance and effectiveness of technology. A standard decision tree model with seven strategies was used to perform the economic evaluation. Retrieved studies and expert opinion were used to estimate the cost of each treatment strategy in Iran. The costs were divided into three categories including capital costs (depreciation costs of buildings and equipment), staff costs and other expenses (including cost of consumables, running and maintenance costs). The costs were estimated in both IR-Rials and US-Dollars with an exchange rate of 10.000 IR Rials per one US Dollar according to the exchange rate in 2008. The total annual running cost of a PET scan was about 8850 to 13000 million Rials, (0.9 to 1.3 million US$). The average cost of performing a PET scan varied between 3 and 4.5 million Rials (300 to 450US$). The strategies 3 (mediastinoscopy alone) and 7 (mediastinoscopy after PET scan) were more cost-effective than other strategies, especially when the result of the CT-scan performed before PET scan was negative. The technical performance of PET scan is significantly higher than similar technologies for staging and treatment of NSCLC. In addition, it might slightly improve the treatment process and lead to a small level of increase in the quality adjusted life year (QALY) gained by these patients making it cost-effective for the treatment of NSCLC.

Baricitinib in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and an Inadequate Response to Conventional Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs in United States and Rest of World: A Subset Analysis.

PubMed

Wells, Alvin F; Greenwald, Maria; Bradley, John D; Alam, Jahangir; Arora, Vipin; Kartman, Cynthia E

2018-06-01

This article evaluates the efficacy and safety of baricitinib 4 mg versus placebo in United States including Puerto Rico (US) and rest of the world (ROW) subpopulations using data pooled from RA-BEAM and RA-BUILD, which enrolled patients with moderate-to-severe adult-onset rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In RA-BEAM, patients with an inadequate response (IR) to methotrexate, at least one X-ray erosion, and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) ≥ 6 mg/L were randomized to placebo or orally administered baricitinib 4 mg daily or subcutaneously administered adalimumab 40 mg every other week. In RA-BUILD, patients with an IR to at least one conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (csDMARD) and with hsCRP ≥ 3.6 mg/L were randomized to placebo or baricitinib 2 or 4 mg daily. Patients in both trials were biologic naive. In this post hoc analysis, data from both studies were pooled (714 baricitinib 4 mg-treated, 716 placebo-treated patients). Overall, 188 US and 1242 ROW patients were included. Subgroups differed in baseline characteristics including race, weight, age, time since RA diagnosis, current corticosteroid use, and previous csDMARD use. At weeks 12 and 24, baricitinib-treated patients had larger responses compared to placebo-treated patients for multiple efficacy outcomes: American College of Rheumatology 20/50/70 response, low disease activity, remission, Disease Activity Score 28-C-reactive protein, and Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index. Overall, similar efficacy was observed in US and ROW subgroups with no notable safety differences between subgroups at weeks 12 or 24. Baricitinib 4 mg was efficacious compared to placebo in US and ROW subpopulations. Safety was similar between subgroups. Eli Lilly & Company and Incyte Corporation. ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers, NCT01721057; NCT01710358.

Mars global digital dune database: MC-30

USGS Publications Warehouse

Hayward, R.K.; Fenton, L.K.; Titus, T.N.; Colaprete, A.; Christensen, P.R.

2012-01-01

The Mars Global Digital Dune Database (MGD3) provides data and describes the methodology used in creating the global database of moderate- to large-size dune fields on Mars. The database is being released in a series of U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Reports. The first report (Hayward and others, 2007) included dune fields from lat 65° N. to 65° S. (http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1158/). The second report (Hayward and others, 2010) included dune fields from lat 60° N. to 90° N. (http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1170/). This report encompasses ~75,000 km2 of mapped dune fields from lat 60° to 90° S. The dune fields included in this global database were initially located using Mars Odyssey Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) Infrared (IR) images. In the previous two reports, some dune fields may have been unintentionally excluded for two reasons: (1) incomplete THEMIS IR (daytime) coverage may have caused us to exclude some moderate- to large-size dune fields or (2) resolution of THEMIS IR coverage (100 m/pixel) certainly caused us to exclude smaller dune fields. In this report, mapping is more complete. The Arizona State University THEMIS daytime IR mosaic provided complete IR coverage, and it is unlikely that we missed any large dune fields in the South Pole (SP) region. In addition, the increased availability of higher resolution images resulted in the inclusion of more small (~1 km2) sand dune fields and sand patches. To maintain consistency with the previous releases, we have identified the sand features that would not have been included in earlier releases. While the moderate to large dune fields in MGD3 are likely to constitute the largest compilation of sediment on the planet, we acknowledge that our database excludes numerous small dune fields and some moderate to large dune fields as well. Please note that the absence of mapped dune fields does not mean that dune fields do not exist and is not intended to imply a lack of saltating sand in other areas. Where availability and quality of THEMIS visible (VIS), Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) narrow angle, Mars Express High Resolution Stereo Camera, or Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Context Camera and High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment images allowed, we classified dunes and included some dune slipface measurements, which were derived from gross dune morphology and represent the approximate prevailing wind direction at the last time of significant dune modification. It was beyond the scope of this report to look at the detail needed to discern subtle dune modification. It was also beyond the scope of this report to measure all slipfaces. We attempted to include enough slipface measurements to represent the general circulation (as implied by gross dune morphology) and to give a sense of the complex nature of aeolian activity on Mars. The absence of slipface measurements in a given direction should not be taken as evidence that winds in that direction did not occur. When a dune field was located within a crater, the azimuth from crater centroid to dune field centroid was calculated, as another possible indicator of wind direction. Output from a general circulation model is also included. In addition to polygons locating dune fields, the database includes ~700 of the THEMIS VIS and MOC images that were used to build the database.

Degradation of sodium dodecyl sulphate in water using solar driven Fenton-like advanced oxidation processes.

PubMed

Bandala, Erick R; Peláez, Miguel A; Salgado, Maria J; Torres, Luis

2008-03-01

Synthetic wastewater samples containing a model surfactant were treated using two different Fenton-like advanced oxidation processes promoted by solar radiation; the photo-Fenton reaction and Co/PMS/UV processes. Comparison between the different experimental conditions was performed by means of the overall surfactant degradation achieved and by obtaining the initial rate in the first 15 min of reaction (IR15). It was found that, for dark Fenton reaction, the maximum surfactant degradation achieved was 14% under low iron and oxidant concentration. Increasing Fenton reagents by one magnitude order, surfactant degradation achieved 63% in 60 min. The use of solar radiation improved the reaction rate by 17% under same conditions and an additional increase of 12.5% was obtained by adjusting initial pH to 2. IR15 values for dark and irradiated Fenton reactions were 0.143 and 0.154 mmol/min, respectively, for similar reaction conditions and this value increased to 0.189 mmol/min when initial pH was adjusted. The use of the Co/PMS system allow us to determine an increase in the degradation rate, for low reaction conditions (1 mM of transition metal; 4 mM oxidant) similar to those used in dark Fenton reaction. Surfactant degradation increased from 3%, for Fenton reaction, to 44.5% in the case of Co/PMS. When solar irradiation was included in the experiments, under same reaction conditions described earlier, surfactant degradation up to 64% was achieved. By increasing Co/PMS reagent concentration by almost 9 times under irradiated conditions, almost complete (>99%) surfactant degradation was reached in 5 min. Comparing IR15 values for Co/PMS and Co/PMS/UV, it allow us to observe that the use of solar radiation increased the degradation rate in one magnitude order when compared with dark experiments and further increase of reagent concentration increased reaction rate twice.

Dissecting the steps of CO2 reduction: 2. The interaction of CO and CO2 with Pd/γ-Al2O3: an in situ FTIR study

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Szanyi, Janos; Kwak, Ja Hun

2014-08-07

Alumina supported Pd catalysts with metal loadings of 0.5, 2.5 and 10 wt% were investigated by in situ FTIR spectroscopy in order to understand the nature of adsorbed species formed during their exposure to CO2 and CO. Exposing the annealed samples to CO2 at 295 K resulted in the formation of alumina support-bound surface species only: linear adsorbed CO2, bidentate carbonates and bicarbonates. Room temperature exposure of all three samples to CO produced IR features characteristic of both ionic and metallic Pd, as well as bands we observed upon CO2 adsorption (alumina support-bound species). Low temperature (100 K) adsorption ofmore » CO on the three samples provided information about the state of Pd after oxidation and reduction. Oxidized samples contained exclusively ionic Pd, while mostly metallic Pd was present in the reduced samples. Subsequent annealing of the CO-saturated samples revealed the facile (low temperature) reduction of PdOx species by adsorbed CO. This process was evidenced by the variations in IR bands characteristic of ionic and metallic Pd-bound CO, as well as by the appearance of IR bands associated with CO2 adsorption as a function of annealing temperature. Samples containing oxidized Pd species (oxidized, annealed or reduced) always produced CO2 upon their exposure to CO, while CO2-related surface entities were observed on samples having only fully reduced (metallic) Pd. Acknowledgements: The catalyst preparation was supported by a Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) project. This work was supported by the US Department of Energy Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences & Biosciences. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle for the US Department of Energy. JHK also acknowledges the support of this work by the 2013 Research Fund of UNIST (Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea).« less

Comparing Alternative U.S. Counterterrorism Strategies: Can Assumption-Based Planning Help Elevate the Debate?

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-01-01

lay workshop employed survey research techniques with the participants to attempt to measure ABP’s effect on their debate. The workshops examined three...gave written surveys to all par- ticipants before and after the lay workshop to measure how they responded to the experience and how it affected...IR&D funds that made this effort possible. xv Abbreviations ABP assumption-based planning the League League of Women Voters RDM robust

Weighted Scholarship Selection Model

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-04-01

AND DCf CDN MAORMAIO E ALENER J.86-6 MA 12 1986 s . ir.- - -- - DISCLAIMER The views and conclusions expressed in this document are those of the... 12 PERSONAL AUTHOR(S) Callender, lisrion E, ., Major, USNF 1. 13o. TYPE OF REPORT 13b. TIME COVEREtJ 14. DATE OF REPORT IYr.. Mo.. Dayl I11...training specialist . In 1971, Major Callender was selected to be a member of the U.S. Air Force Aerial Demonstration Squadron; the "Thunderbirds". In

The Quasimonotonicity of Linear Differential Systems -The Complex Spectrum

DTIC Science & Technology

2001-09-12

proper, simplicial cone determined by the columns of B (see [10]) and that C is essentially nonnegative (see [11]). In [6], Heikkilä used Perron ...a B ≥ 0 such that Ae = B−1AB is essentially nonnegative and ir- reducible, then Perron - Frobenius theory tells us that Ae has a real eigenvalue λ1 with...systems requires that the comparison system be quasimonotone nondecreasing with respect to a cone contained in the nonnegative orthant. For linear

U.S. Army Unmanned Aircraft Systems Roadmap 2010-2035: Eyes of the Army

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-04-09

Doppler LIDAR could provide data such as cloud density, wind speed, and real-time vertical wind pro- files). Also, a multispectral LIDAR payload designed...usually operate from unimproved areas and do not usually require an improved runway. Payloads may include a sensor ball with EO/IR and a laser range... lasers , communications relay, SIGINT, AIS, weapons, and supplies. Group 5 UAS must meet DoD airworthiness standards prior to operation in NAS

The Army Family Research Program: Program Development Increment Package Defense Information and General Officer Steering Committee Materials

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-08-01

If you want more, call us.] IBI. 6% of enlisted personnel and 5% of officers are riiarried to another soldier. This varies by sex and pay grade. For...societal openness about sex and accessibility pregnancy-related rates for teenagers. The Only one measure of sex education-the of contraceptive services...headed households correlates positively receiving sex educalion--proved signifi- betveen countries in explaining variation ir with abortion and pr

History of the U.S. Army Artillery and Missile School. Volume 3. 1945-1957

DTIC Science & Technology

1957-01-01

estimated cost of repairing the damage was $69. 350, and, taking into account the loss of time by flight instructors and student pilots, the total...Director of Instruction performed the functions previot ~sly assigned to the Assistant Commandant under the organization of the School prior to I...r during courses wh ch required instruction at each was unsatisfactory be- ¶ cause of the cost involved, the loss of time in changing stations, and

Novel Bonding Process for CBW Protective Electrospun Fabric Laminates Phase 2

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-12-01

ir Fl ow R es is ta nc e (1 /m ) F-3742 Figure 3. Summary chart of the breathability and permeability of several fabrics tested at the U.S. Army... dryer deposits due to faster solvent evaporation during the deposition process. We contacted Noveon (manufacturer of Estane) and they indicated...expected, the increase in concentration of THF resulted in dryer deposits. However, at these levels of higher vapor pressure solvent blends, the Taylor

Performance-Based Design for Arson Threats: Policy Analysis of the Physical Security for Federal Facilities Standard

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-09-01

2012.0002- IR -EP7-A 12a. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited 12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE A...extremist web forums is directed at Western audiences and supports Homeland attacks. (U.S. Department of Homeland Security Office of Intelligence and...23 In this context, “before the event.” 24 Yung and Benichou’s paper originally was presented at the 5th Fire

Analysis of Marketing and Customer Satisfaction in Base Housing Communities of the Monterey Bay Area

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-06-01

the U.S. Government. IRB Protocol number NPS.2010.0003- IR -EP7-A. 12a. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT Approved for public release...Reese, thank you for answering all my late-night phone calls and reminding me I should be working on my paper instead of venting. This report is...amenities include: ceiling fans, central heating, private balcony, hardwood floors, master bedroom suite, washer/ dryer hookups, media boxes for

Prostate Cancer in the Metropolitan Washington DC Latino/Hispanic Community; Cultural, Linguistic and Economic Barriers to Care

DTIC Science & Technology

2001-01-01

Bureau of the Census. 3. Ramirez , Roberto R. 2000. The Hispanic population in the United States: March 1999. Current Population Reports. US Department of...RAMINEZ RAYONEZ REGALOS-RAI4IR RAYOR REGATO RAMIRE RAYOS REGINO RABADE RAMIRES RAZATOS REGOJO RABAGO RAMIREZ RAZO REGOS RABAJA RAMIRIZ REALIES REGRUTTO...RODELAS ROIDE ROSABAL RUALO RODELO ROIG ROSADA RIMN ROIDENA ROIS ROSADO RUANO RODENAS, ROIZ ROSAL RUAS RODERO ROJA ROSALES RUBALACA RODEZ WOAND

US Army Medical Bioengineering Research and Development Laboratory Annual Progress Report FY1981.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-10-01

8217 AND 0 LTPAVIOt.ET LIGHT WERE ANALYZED. TH;- OFC~ THr HE SPO ’fl 𔃻 ’’ T,_ Tfi FAl’ ARMY W~ORM SPODOPTERA FRUGIPERDA BY I)CT N. N0 𔄁 1’ .. 7 -, U...a.-~’ -J control r)o,% Aedes aegypti n experi- ipathogen. has heat, T he ’h ., Spodoptera . ’’ri spores . The ’I>r .. -. . A itus, Ae. .5 .~x .1i

Unveiling the hidden supernova population in local LIRGs with NIR/Radio observations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Herrero-Illana, R.; Pérez-Torres, M. A.; Alberdi, A.

2013-05-01

The dust enshrouded environments of Luminous Infrared Galaxies (LIRGs), and especially of their nuclear regions, prevents the direct detection of supernovae in the optical. Radio observations are unaffected by dust extinction, allowing for the detection of most of these supernovae, thus probing their massive star formation rate. In addition, complementary observations in the near IR can help us to understand the nature of these phenomena and derive properties of the regions where they occur.

Audit: Auditing Service in the Department of the Army

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-12-16

Organizations2 AAA/IR Notes: 1 Functional refers to Multilocation Audits conducted by U.S. Army Audit Agency and Internal Review. 2 Private Organizations...Army Regulation 36–5 Audit Auditing Service in the Department of the Army Headquarters Department of the Army Washington, DC 16 December 1991...FROM - TO) xx-xx-1997 to xx-xx-1997 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Auditing Service in the Department of the Army Unclassified 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT

Application of the Rosner-Wei Risk-Prediction Model to Estimate Sexual Orientation Patterns in Colon Cancer Risk in a Prospective Cohort of U.S. Women

PubMed Central

Austin, S. Bryn; Pazaris, Mathew J.; Wei, Esther K.; Rosner, Bernard; Kennedy, Grace A.; Bowen, Deborah; Spiegelman, Donna

2014-01-01

Purpose We examined whether lesbian and bisexual women may be at greater risk of colon cancer (CC) than heterosexual women. Methods Working with a large cohort of U.S. women ages 25-64 years, we analyzed 20 years of prospective data to estimate CC incidence, based on known risk factors by applying the Rosner-Wei CC risk-prediction model. Comparing to heterosexual women, we calculated for lesbian and bisexual women the predicted one-year incidence rate (IR) per 100,000 person-years and estimated incidence rate ratios (IRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), based on each woman’s comprehensive risk factor profile. Results Analyses included 1,373,817 person-years of data from 66,257 women. For each sexual orientation group, mean predicted one-year CC IR per 100,000 person-years was slightly over 12 cases for each of the sexual orientation groups. After controlling for confounders in fully adjusted models and compared to heterosexuals, no significant differences in IRR were observed for lesbians (IRR 1.01; 95% CI 0.99, 1.04) or bisexuals (IRR 1.01; 95% CI 0.98, 1.04). Conclusions CC risk is similar across all sexual orientation subgroups, with all groups comparably affected. Health professionals must ensure that prevention, screening, and treatment programs are adequately reaching each of these communities. PMID:24852207

EFT of large scale structures in redshift space

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lewandowski, Matthew; Senatore, Leonardo; Prada, Francisco; Zhao, Cheng; Chuang, Chia-Hsun

2018-03-01

We further develop the description of redshift-space distortions within the effective field theory of large scale structures. First, we generalize the counterterms to include the effect of baryonic physics and primordial non-Gaussianity. Second, we evaluate the IR resummation of the dark matter power spectrum in redshift space. This requires us to identify a controlled approximation that makes the numerical evaluation straightforward and efficient. Third, we compare the predictions of the theory at one loop with the power spectrum from numerical simulations up to ℓ=6 . We find that the IR resummation allows us to correctly reproduce the baryon acoustic oscillation peak. The k reach—or, equivalently, the precision for a given k —depends on additional counterterms that need to be matched to simulations. Since the nonlinear scale for the velocity is expected to be longer than the one for the overdensity, we consider a minimal and a nonminimal set of counterterms. The quality of our numerical data makes it hard to firmly establish the performance of the theory at high wave numbers. Within this limitation, we find that the theory at redshift z =0.56 and up to ℓ=2 matches the data at the percent level approximately up to k ˜0.13 h Mpc-1 or k ˜0.18 h Mpc-1 , depending on the number of counterterms used, with a potentially large improvement over former analytical techniques.

Human perception testing methodology for evaluating EO/IR imaging systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Graybeal, John J.; Monfort, Samuel S.; Du Bosq, Todd W.; Familoni, Babajide O.

2018-04-01

The U.S. Army's RDECOM CERDEC Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate (NVESD) Perception Lab is tasked with supporting the development of sensor systems for the U.S. Army by evaluating human performance of emerging technologies. Typical research questions involve detection, recognition and identification as a function of range, blur, noise, spectral band, image processing techniques, image characteristics, and human factors. NVESD's Perception Lab provides an essential bridge between the physics of the imaging systems and the performance of the human operator. In addition to quantifying sensor performance, perception test results can also be used to generate models of human performance and to drive future sensor requirements. The Perception Lab seeks to develop and employ scientifically valid and efficient perception testing procedures within the practical constraints of Army research, including rapid development timelines for critical technologies, unique guidelines for ethical testing of Army personnel, and limited resources. The purpose of this paper is to describe NVESD Perception Lab capabilities, recent methodological improvements designed to align our methodology more closely with scientific best practice, and to discuss goals for future improvements and expanded capabilities. Specifically, we discuss modifying our methodology to improve training, to account for human fatigue, to improve assessments of human performance, and to increase experimental design consultation provided by research psychologists. Ultimately, this paper outlines a template for assessing human perception and overall system performance related to EO/IR imaging systems.

Cutaneous microvascular perfusion responses to insulin iontophoresis are differentially affected by insulin resistance after spinal cord injury.

PubMed

La Fountaine, Michael F; Cirnigliaro, Christopher M; Azarelo, Frank; Hobson, Joshua C; Tascione, Oriana; Swonger, Kirsten N; Dyson-Hudson, Trevor; Bauman, William A

2017-09-01

What is the central question of this study? What impact does insulin resistance have on cutaneous perfusion responses to insulin iontophoresis in vascular beds with markedly reduced or functionally ablated sympathetic nervous system vasomotor function resulting from spinal cord injury? What is the main finding and its importance? Persons with spinal cord injury have sublesional microvascular endothelial dysfunction, as indicated by a blunted cutaneous perfusion response to acetylcholine iontophoresis, and the presence of insulin resistance has a further confounding effect on endothelium-mediated changes to cutaneous perfusion in the lower extremities. Endothelium-mediated mechanisms that regulate skin blood flow might play an integral role in optimizing skin perfusion in vascular beds with sympathetic nervous system vasomotor impairment, such as in spinal cord injury (SCI). Insulin is a vasoactive hormone and second messenger of nitric oxide that facilitates endothelium-mediated dilatation. The effects of insulin resistance (IR) on sublesional cutaneous perfusion responses to insulin provocation have yet to be described in persons with SCI. Persons with SCI and an able-bodied (AB) cohort were divided into subgroups based upon fasting plasma insulin concentration cut-offs for IR (≥13.13 mIU ml -1 ) or insulin sensitivity (IS; <13.13 mIU ml -1 ), as follows: AB, IS (ABIS, n = 21); SCI, IS (SCIS, n = 21); AB, IR (ABIR, n = 9); and SCI, IR (SCIR, n = 11). Laser Doppler flowmetry characterized peak blood perfusion unit (BPU) responses (percentage change from baseline) to insulin, acetylcholine or placebo iontophoresis in the lower extremities; BPU responses were log 10 transformed to facilitate comparisons, and the net insulin response (NetIns) BPU response was calculated (insulin minus placebo BPU response). The NetIns was significantly greater in both IS groups compared with their corresponding IR group. The acetylcholine-mediated BPU responses in the SCI subgroups were significantly lower than those in the ABIS group. The proportional BPU responses of NetIns to acetylcholine in the IS cohorts (i.e. ABIS and SCIS) were significantly greater (P < 0.05) than that of each IR subgroup. The presence of IR has a confounding effect on sublesional microvascular endothelium-mediated cutaneous perfusion responses to provocation. Preservation of endothelial sensitivity to its agonists appears to be an important modifiable risk factor to optimize cutaneous perfusion in the lower extremities of persons with SCI. Published 2017. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.

Infrared Imaging, Spectroscopic, and Photometric Studies of Comets

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gehrz, Robert D.

1997-01-01

We have continued our program of infrared (IR) photometric, imaging, spectroscopic, and polarimetric temporal observations of comets to study the properties of comet dust and comet nuclei. During the first two years we digitized our IR data base on P/Halley and other recent comets to facilitate further analysis and comparison with other data bases, and found compelling evidence for the emission of a burst of small grains from P/Halley's nucleus at perihelion. We reported imaging and photometric observations of Comets Austin 1990 V and Swift-Tuttle 1992. The Swift-Tuttle 1992t observations included IR photometry, several 7-14 micron long-slit spectra of the coma and a time-sequence of more than 150 10 micron broadband images of the coma. An analysis of near-IR images of the inner coma of P/Halley obtained on three consecutive nights in 1986 March showed sunwardjets. We completed our analysis of IR imaging spectrosco-photometric data on comets. We also obtained observations of Comets Hyakutake 1996 B2 and Hale/Bopp 1995 01. We obtained infrared imaging, photometric, spectroscopic and polarimetric temporal observations of bright comets using a network of five telescopes, with emphasis on simultaneous observations of comets at many wavelengths with different instruments. Our program offers several unique advantages: 1) rapid observational response to new comets with dedicated infrared telescopes; 2) observations within a few degrees of the sun when comets are near perihelion and 3) access to advanced infrared array imagers and spectrometers. In particular, reduction, analysis, publication and archiving of our Jupiter/sl-9 and Comet Hyakutake infrared data received special emphasis. Instrumentation development included installation of the latest version of the innovative FORTH telescope control and a data acquisition system that enables us to control three telescopes remotely by telephone from anywhere in the world for comet observations in broad daylight. We have acquired more than 3000 256x256 images totaling nearly two gigabytes of data detailing the near-IR development of the impact sites of the S-L9 fragments on Jupiter. These data were obtained using the University of Rochester Imaging IR Camera at the cassegrain focus of the 92" at WIRO. The WIRO data set covers 8 days and is, to our knowledge, one of the most extensive observational records of the S-L/Jupiter encounter obtained by any ground-based telescope. This program benefitted from the compilation during these last few months of an upgrade to the data acquisition program at WIRO with support of this NASA contract.

Starburst in the Interacting HII Galaxy II Zw 40 and in Non-Interacting HII Galaxies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Telles, E.

2010-06-01

In this poster, I summarize the results of our integral field spectroscopic observations of the nearby prototype of HII galaxies, II Zw 40. Observations with GMOS-IFU on GEMINI-North in the optical allowed us to make a detailed kinematic picture of the central starburst, while SINFONI with adaptive optics on the ESO-VLT gave us a near-IR view of the interplay between the ISM phases. Here, I also address the question that not all starbursts require an external trigger such as a galaxy-galaxy encounter, as it seems to be the case for a fraction of low luminosity HII galaxies. We speculate that these may form stars spontaneously like "popcorn in a pan".

An Infrared Solution to a National Priority NASA Ice Detection and Measurement Problem

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Meitzler, Thomas; Bryk, Darryl; Sohn, Euijung; Bienkowski, Mary; Lane, Kimberly; Smith, Gregory; Charbeneau, Michelle; Moss, Thomas; Speece, Robert; Stevenson, Charles;

Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Becklin, Eric E.; Casey, Sean C.; Davidson, Jacqueline A.; Savage, Maureen L.

1998-08-01

The joint US and German SOFIA project to develop and operate a 2.5 meter IR airborne telescope in a Boeing 747-SP is now in its second year. The Universities Space Research Association , teamed with Raytheon E-Systems and United Airlines, is developing and will operate SOFIA. The 2.5 meter telescope will be designed and built by a consortium of German companies led by MAN. Work on the aircraft and the preliminary mirror has started. First science flights will begin in 2001 with 20 percent of the observing time assigned to German investigators. The observatory is expected to operate for over 20 years. The sensitivity, characteristics, US science instrument complement, and operations concept for the SOFIA observatory, with an emphasis on the science community's participation are discussed.

MIPS AGN and Galaxy Evolution Survey

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jannuzi, Buell; Armus, Lee; Borys, Colin; Brand, Kate; Brodwin, Mark; Brown, Michael; Cool, Richard; Desai, Vandana; Dey, Arjun; Dickinson, Mark; Dole, Herve; Eisenstein, Daniel; Kochanek, Christopher; Le Floc'h, Emeric; Morrison, Jane; Papovich, Casey; Perez-Gonzalez, Pablo; Rieke, George; Rieke, Marcia; Stern, Daniel; Weiner, Ben; Zehavi, Idit

2008-03-01

We propose a far-IR survey of the 9 square degree Bootes field of the NOAO Deep Wide-Field Survey (NDWFS) to 5-sigma flux limits of 0.2, 12.8 and 120 mJy to detect approximately 60000, 3000, and 400 sources at 24, 70 and 160 microns respectively. By combining observations at different roll angles, our maps will have excellent control of detector drifts, enabling precise fluctuation analyses in all three maps. In combination with the matching X-ray, UV, optical, near-IR, and mid-IR photometry, variability data, and the 22,000 spectroscopic redshifts for the field, we have three primary goals. First, we will survey the evolution of LIRGS/ULIRGS to redshifts of 0.6/1.3 at 24 microns and 0.4/0.8 at 70 microns. Over 500 0.6

Alterations of arcuate nucleus neuropeptidergic development in contactin-deficient mice: comparison with anorexia and food-deprived mice.

PubMed

Fetissov, Sergueï O; Bergström, Ulrika; Johansen, Jeanette E; Hökfelt, Tomas; Schalling, Martin; Ranscht, Barbara

2005-12-01

A mutation in the Contactin-1 gene results in an ataxic and anorectic phenotype that is apparent by postnatal day 10 and lethal by postnatal day 19 [Berglund et al. (1999) Neuron 24, 739-750]. The resemblance of this phenotype with the anorexia (anx/anx) mouse mutation prompted us to investigate the hypothalamic neurochemistry of Contactin knock-out (KO) mice. Contactin was expressed in the hypothalamic neuropil of wild-type (WT) but not Contactin KO mice. In the KO condition, neuropeptide Y (NPY) and agouti-related protein (AgRP) immunoreactivity (IR) accumulated in the somata of arcuate nucleus neurons, whereas IR for these neuropeptides as well as for alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) decreased in the corresponding axon projections. These changes in the pattern of neuropeptide expression in the Contactin-deficient hypothalamus were similar but more pronounced than those found in anx/anx mice. Increased levels of NPY and AgRP and decreased concentrations of pro-opiomelanocortin mRNA in arcuate neurons accompanied these changes. In relating these alterations a 24-h food deprivation period, we observed in 3-week-old WT mice an elevation of NPY- and AgRP-IR in the perikarya of arcuate neurons without notable reduction of NPY- or AgRP-IR in nerve fibers, suggesting that the decrease of arcuate projections can be associated with postnatal anorectic phenotype. Our data implicate Contactin in the postnatal development of the NPY/AgRP and alpha-MSH arcuate neurons and suggest that similar to anx/anx mutant mice, compromised orexigenic signaling via NPY/AgRP neurons may contribute to reduced food intake by the Contactin-mutant animals.

An embedded face-classification system for infrared images on an FPGA

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Soto, Javier E.; Figueroa, Miguel

2014-10-01

We present a face-classification architecture for long-wave infrared (IR) images implemented on a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The circuit is fast, compact and low power, can recognize faces in real time and be embedded in a larger image-processing and computer vision system operating locally on an IR camera. The algorithm uses Local Binary Patterns (LBP) to perform feature extraction on each IR image. First, each pixel in the image is represented as an LBP pattern that encodes the similarity between the pixel and its neighbors. Uniform LBP codes are then used to reduce the number of patterns to 59 while preserving more than 90% of the information contained in the original LBP representation. Then, the image is divided into 64 non-overlapping regions, and each region is represented as a 59-bin histogram of patterns. Finally, the algorithm concatenates all 64 regions to create a 3,776-bin spatially enhanced histogram. We reduce the dimensionality of this histogram using Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), which improves clustering and enables us to store an entire database of 53 subjects on-chip. During classification, the circuit applies LBP and LDA to each incoming IR image in real time, and compares the resulting feature vector to each pattern stored in the local database using the Manhattan distance. We implemented the circuit on a Xilinx Artix-7 XC7A100T FPGA and tested it with the UCHThermalFace database, which consists of 28 81 x 150-pixel images of 53 subjects in indoor and outdoor conditions. The circuit achieves a 98.6% hit ratio, trained with 16 images and tested with 12 images of each subject in the database. Using a 100 MHz clock, the circuit classifies 8,230 images per second, and consumes only 309mW.

A strong pelvic floor is associated with higher rates of sexual activity in women with pelvic floor disorders

PubMed Central

Kanter, Gregg; Rogers, Rebecca G; Pauls, Rachel N; Kammerer-Doak, Dorothy; Thakar, Ranee

2015-01-01

Introduction and Hypothesis We evaluated the associations between pelvic floor muscle strength and tone with sexual activity and sexual function in women with pelvic floor disorders. Methods This was a secondary analysis of a multicenter study of women with pelvic floor disorders from the US and UK performed to validate the Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire, IUGA-Revised (PISQ-IR). Participants were surveyed about whether they were sexually active and completed the PISQ-IR and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaires to assess sexual function. Physical exams included assessment of pelvic floor strength by the Oxford Grading Scale, and assessment of pelvic floor tone per ICS guidelines. Results The cohort of 585 women was middle aged (mean age 54.9 +/−12.1) with 395 (67.5%) reporting sexual activity. Women with a strong pelvic floor (n=275) were more likely to report sexual activity than women with weak strength (n=280) (75.3 vs. 61.8%, p<0.001), but normal or hypoactive pelvic floor tone was not associated with sexual activity (68.8 vs. 60.2%, normal vs. hypoactive, p=0.08). After multivariable analysis, a strong pelvic floor remained predictive of sexual activity (OR 1.89, CI 1.18–3.03, p<0.01). Among sexually active women (n=370), a strong pelvic floor was associated with higher scores on the PISQ-IR domain of condition impact (Parameter Estimate 0.20+/−0.09, P=0.04), and FSFI orgasm domain (PE 0.51+/−0.17, P=0.004). Conclusion A strong pelvic floor is associated with higher rates of sexual activity as well as higher sexual function scores on the condition impact domain of the PISQ-IR and orgasm domain of the FSFI. PMID:25994625

3.0-3.7μm infrared sensor system for cell analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

van den Driesche, Sander; Witarski, Wojciech; Vellekoop, Michael J.

2009-05-01

In this contribution we present a novel LED-photodiode based infrared absorbance sensor in the wavelength range of 3.0 - 3.7 μm for cell analysis. Instead of using time consuming and expensive labelling and staining techniques to distinguish healthy from malignant cell types, this IR sensor system can perform faster, cheaper and without the need of additional chemicals. Depending on the used narrow bandpass filters, absorbance due to specific molecular vibration can be measured, such as the functional absorbance peaks at 3.38 μm (CH3-antisymmetric stretch), 3.42 μm (CH2- antisymmetric stretch), 3.48 μm (CH3-symmetric stretch) and 3.51 μm (CH2-symmetric stretch). For normalization and baseline correction the absorbance at wavelengths 3.33 and 3.57 μm are used. By recording the IR absorbance spectra of healthy and malignant epithelial kidney cell lines with an IR spectroscope, we found significant differences in the absorbance ratio 3.51 μm / 3.42 μm (CH2-symmetric/antisymmetric stretch). This result has led us to a sensor concept where only four wavelengths are being measured. In the 3.0 - 3.7 μm wavelength region a low cost LED-photodiode system can be used instead of a spectroscope. Yeast cells, which also contain the CH2 symmetric and antisymmetric stretch bands, are used to validate this sensor system and to make a first comparison of the system to spectroscopic recordings. Sensor experiments on dried spots of baker's yeast on calcium-fluoride slides yielded a comparable CH2 stretch ratio with the IR spectroscope measurement. This confirms the usability of the sensor to measure the CH2 stretch ratio and its potential for fast, label-free and low cost screening of cell samples.

Identification of Ion-Pair Structures in Solution by Vibrational Stark Effects.

PubMed

Hack, John; Grills, David C; Miller, John R; Mani, Tomoyasu

2016-02-18

Ion pairing is a fundamental consideration in many areas of chemistry and has implications in a wide range of sciences and technologies that include batteries and organic photovoltaics. Ions in solution are known to inhabit multiple possible states, including free ions (FI), contact ion pairs (CIP), and solvent-separated ion pairs (SSIP). However, in solutions of organic radicals and nonmetal electrolytes, it is often difficult to distinguish between these states. In the first part of this work, we report evidence for the formation of SSIPs in low-polarity solvents and distinct measurements of CIP, SSIP, and FI, by using the ν(C≡N) infrared (IR) band of a nitrile-substituted fluorene radical anion. Use of time-resolved IR detection following pulse radiolysis allowed us to unambiguously assign the peak of the FI. In the presence of nonmetal electrolytes, two distinct red-shifted peaks were observed and assigned to the CIP and SSIP. The assignments are interpreted in the framework of the vibrational Stark effect (VSE) and are supported by (1) the solvent dependence of ion-pair populations, (2) the observation of a cryptand-separated sodium ion pair that mimics the formation of SSIPs, and (3) electronic structure calculations. In the second part of this work, we show that a blue-shift of the ν(C≡N) IR band due to the VSE can be induced in a nitrile-substituted fluorene radical anion by covalently tethering it to a metal-chelating ligand that forms an intramolecular ion pair upon reduction and complexation with sodium ion. This adds support to the conclusion that the shift in IR absorptions by ion pairing originates from the VSE. These results combined show that we can identify ion-pair structures by using the VSE, including the existence of SSIPs in a low-polarity solvent.

Multiphoton microscopy and image guided light activated therapy using nanomaterials (Conference Presentation)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Prasad, Paras N.

2017-02-01

This talk will focus on design and applications of nanomaterials exhibiting strong multiphoton upconversion for multiphoton microscopy as well as for image-guided and light activated therapy .1-3 Such processes can occur by truly nonlinear optical interactions proceeding through virtual intermediate states or by stepwise coupled linear excitations through real intermediate states. Multiphoton processes in biocompatible multifunctional nanoparticles allow for 3D deep tissue imaging. In addition, they can produce in-situ photon conversion of deep tissue penetrating near IR light into a needed shorter wavelength light for photo-activated therapy at a targeted site, thus overcoming the limited penetration of UV or visible light into biological media. We are using near IR emitters such as silicon quantum dots which also exhibit strong multiphoton excitation for multiphoton microscopy. Another approach involves nonlinear nanocrystals such as ZnO which can produce four wave mixing, sum frequency generation as well as second harmonic generation to convert a deep tissue penetrating Near IR light at the targeted biological site to a desired shorter wavelength light suitable for bio imaging or activation of a therapy. We have utilized this approach to activate a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy. Yet another type of upconversion materials is rare-earth ion doped optical nanotransformers which transform a Near IR (NIR) light from an external source by sequential single photon absorption, in situ and on demand, to a needed wavelength. Applications of these nanotransformers in multiphoton photoacoustic imaging will also be presented. An exciting direction pursued by us using these multiphoton nanoparticles, is functional imaging of brain. Simultaneously, they can effect optogenetics for regioselective stimulation of neurons for providing an effective intervention/augmentation strategy to enhance the cognitive state and lead to a foundation for futuristic vision of super human capabilities. Challenges and opportunities will be discussed.

Single- and Multiple-dose Pharmacokinetics of a Lorcaserin Extended-release Tablet.

PubMed

Christopher, Ronald; Morgan, Mike; Ferry, Jim; Rege, Bhaskar; Tang, Yong; Kristensen, Allan; Shanahan, William

2016-10-01

Lorcaserin is a serotonin 2C receptor agonist indicated for chronic weight management as an adjunct to diet and exercise. The initial approved formulation is a 10-mg, immediate-release (IR) tablet for administration BID. These studies investigated the single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetic properties of a new, recently US Food and Drug Administration-approved, extended-release, 20-mg once-daily formulation. We performed 2 separate 2-period, 2-sequence crossover studies in 36 healthy adults: a study comparing the IR formulation to the extended-release formulation under fasting conditions and a study comparing the extended-release formulation under fed and fasted conditions. Compared with lorcaserin IR, the T max after a single dose of lorcaserin extended-release was greater (median, 12 vs 3 hours), and the C max was 26% lower (38.8 vs 52.3 ng/mL). AUC data were bioequivalent for the 2 formulations in both single- and multiple-dose regimens, confirming no formulation effect on lorcaserin bioavailability. In fasted and fed conditions, T max after a single dose was identical (median, 12 hours), but C max was approximately 45% higher in the fed state (mean, 38.5 ng/mL fasted vs 56.1 ng/mL fed). However, at steady state, C max and AUC were determined to be bioequivalent between the fasted and fed states, indicating no clinically relevant food effect on the pharmacokinetic properties of lorcaserin extended-release. The safety profile was consistent between the 2 formulations. Overall, the results indicate that lorcaserin extended-release is a suitable once-daily alternative to the approved IR BID formulation. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Risk of Herpes Zoster in Auto-immune and Inflammatory diseases: Implications for Vaccination

PubMed Central

Yun, Huifeng; Yang, Shuo; Chen, Lang; Xie, Fenglong; Winthrop, Kevin; Baddley, John William; Saag, Kenneth G; Singh, Jasvinder; Curtis, Jeffrey R

2017-01-01

Background The herpes zoster (HZ) vaccine is recommended for adults age ≥ 60 years without weakened immune systems in the U.S. It is unclear how the risk of HZ varies according to age and disease conditions for younger patients with autoimmune or inflammatory (AI) diseases. We evaluated the age-stratified incidence of HZ associated with AI diseases compared to adults recommended for vaccination by the CDC. Methods Using linked commercial and governmentally-insured patients (2007–2010), we assembled seven AI cohorts: systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriasis (PsO), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), gout and two comparison cohorts: diabetes and patients without AI and diabetic conditions. We identified HZ using diagnostic codes. Age-specific incidence rates (IR) were calculated and compared with the IR in patients aged 60–69 and without AI and diabetic conditions. Results We identified 8,395 SLE, 7,916 IBD, 50,646 RA, 2,629 PsA, 4,299 PsO, 1,019 AS, 58,934 gout, 214,631 diabetes and 330,727 enrollment periods without AI and diabetic conditions. Highest to lowest, the IRs ranged from 19.9 per 1,000 pys for SLE cohort to 6.8 for gout cohort, versus 5.3 in patients without AI and diabetic conditions. The age-specific IRs of HZ for RA and SLE patients aged ≥40 were 1.5–2 times greater than those observed in healthy adults for whom the vaccine is currently recommended (8.5/1000). Conclusions SLE, IBD and RA are associated with higher risks of HZ compared to older adults recommended for vaccination, suggesting that individuals with these conditions as young as age 40 could potentially benefit from vaccination. PMID:26990731

Near-IR Spectroscopy of Luminous LoBAL Quasars at 1 < z < 2.5

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schulze, Andreas; Schramm, Malte; Zuo, Wenwen; Wu, Xue-Bing; Urrutia, Tanya; Kotilainen, Jari; Reynolds, Thomas; Terao, Koki; Nagao, Tohru; Izumiura, Hideyuki

2017-10-01

We present near-IR spectroscopy of 22 luminous low-ionization broad absorption line quasars (LoBAL QSOs) at redshift 1.3< z< 2.5, with 12 objects at z ˜ 1.5 and 10 at z ˜ 2.3. The spectra cover the rest-frame Hα and Hβ line regions, allowing us to obtain robust black hole mass estimates based on the broad Hα line. We use these data, augmented by a lower-redshift sample from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, to test the proposed youth scenario for LoBALs, which suggests that LoBALs constitute an early short-lived evolutionary stage of quasar activity, by probing for any difference in their masses, Eddington ratios, or rest-frame optical spectroscopic properties compared to normal quasars. In addition, we construct the UV to mid-IR spectral energy distributions (SEDs) for the LoBAL sample and a matched non-BAL quasar sample. We do not find any statistically significant difference between LoBAL QSOs and non-BAL QSOs in their black hole mass or Eddington ratio distributions. The mean UV to mid-IR SED of the LoBAL QSOs is consistent with non-BAL QSOs, apart from their stronger reddening. At z> 1 there is no clear difference in their optical emission line properties. We do not see particularly weak [O III] or strong Fe II emission. The LoBAL QSOs do not show a stronger prevalence of ionized gas outflows as traced by the [O III] line, compared to normal QSOs of similar luminosity. We conclude that the optical-MIR properties of LoBAL QSOs are consistent with the general quasar population and do not support them to constitute a special phase of active galactic nucleus evolution.

Changes in neuropeptide Y immunoreactivity and transcript levels in circadian system structures of the diurnal rodent, the thirteen-lined ground squirrel

PubMed Central

Vidal, Luis; Lugo, Nidza

2007-01-01

The intergeniculate leaflet (IGL) and its neuropeptide Y (NPY) projection to the main circadian clock, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), have been the focus of extensive research conducted, for the most part, on nocturnal rodent species. However, a variety of anatomical and physiological differences between the circadian system of diurnal and nocturnal species have been reported. These differences led us to question whether the role of NPY in the circadian system of the diurnal ground squirrel differs from that in nocturnal rodents. We used semi-quantitative immunohistochemistry to analyze NPY content in SCN terminals of squirrels sacrificed at specific times of the day and compared the data to previous published results from the rat. Additionally, NPY mRNA was quantified using real-time PCR to determine if varying NPY-immunoreactivity (-ir) levels could be the result of changes in peptide transcription. Our results demonstrate that NPY-ir levels in the ground squirrel SCN peak during the middle of the night unlike what is observed in the rat. Cell counts of NPY-ir neurons in the IGL revealed a pattern of variation 6 hr out of phase compared to what was observed in the SCN. NPY mRNA levels showed only one sharp increase in the middle of the night, coinciding with increases in NPY-ir levels observed in the SCN. Differences in the pattern of fluctuation of NPY in the SCN between the rat and squirrel suggest that this peptide may serve distinct roles in the circadian system of diurnal and nocturnal species. Our data provide the first evidence of the relationship between transcript and peptide levels in the circadian system of a diurnal species. PMID:17109825

FABP4 dynamics in obesity: discrepancies in adipose tissue and liver expression regarding circulating plasma levels.

PubMed

Queipo-Ortuño, María Isabel; Escoté, Xavier; Ceperuelo-Mallafré, Victoria; Garrido-Sanchez, Lourdes; Miranda, Merce; Clemente-Postigo, Mercedes; Pérez-Pérez, Rafael; Peral, Belen; Cardona, Fernando; Fernández-Real, Jose Manuel; Tinahones, Francisco J; Vendrell, Joan

2012-01-01

FABP4 is predominantly expressed in adipose tissue, and its circulating levels are linked with obesity and a poor atherogenic profile. In patients with a wide BMI range, we analyze FABP4 expression in adipose and hepatic tissues in the settings of obesity and insulin resistance. Associations between FABP4 expression in adipose tissue and the FABP4 plasma level as well as the main adipogenic and lipolytic genes expressed in adipose tissue were also analyzed. The expression of several lipogenic, lipolytic, PPAR family and FABP family genes was analyzed by real time PCR. FABP4 protein expression in total adipose tissues and its fractions were determined by western blot. In obesity FABP4 expression was down-regulated (at both mRNA and protein levels), with its levels mainly predicted by ATGL and inversely by the HOMA-IR index. The BMI appeared as the only determinant of the FABP4 variation in both adipose tissue depots. FABP4 plasma levels showed a significant progressive increase according to BMI but no association was detected between FABP4 circulating levels and SAT or VAT FABP4 gene expression. The gene expression of FABP1, FABP4 and FABP5 in hepatic tissue was significantly higher in tissue from the obese IR patients compared to the non-IR group. The inverse pattern in FABP4 expression between adipose and hepatic tissue observed in morbid obese patients, regarding the IR context, suggests that both tissues may act in a balanced manner. These differences may help us to understand the discrepancies between circulating plasma levels and adipose tissue expression in obesity.

FABP4 Dynamics in Obesity: Discrepancies in Adipose Tissue and Liver Expression Regarding Circulating Plasma Levels

PubMed Central

Ceperuelo-Mallafré, Victoria; Garrido-Sanchez, Lourdes; Miranda, Merce; Clemente-Postigo, Mercedes; Pérez-Pérez, Rafael; Peral, Belen; Cardona, Fernando; Fernández-Real, Jose Manuel; Tinahones, Francisco J.; Vendrell, Joan

2012-01-01

Background FABP4 is predominantly expressed in adipose tissue, and its circulating levels are linked with obesity and a poor atherogenic profile. Objective In patients with a wide BMI range, we analyze FABP4 expression in adipose and hepatic tissues in the settings of obesity and insulin resistance. Associations between FABP4 expression in adipose tissue and the FABP4 plasma level as well as the main adipogenic and lipolytic genes expressed in adipose tissue were also analyzed. Methods The expression of several lipogenic, lipolytic, PPAR family and FABP family genes was analyzed by real time PCR. FABP4 protein expression in total adipose tissues and its fractions were determined by western blot. Results In obesity FABP4 expression was down-regulated (at both mRNA and protein levels), with its levels mainly predicted by ATGL and inversely by the HOMA-IR index. The BMI appeared as the only determinant of the FABP4 variation in both adipose tissue depots. FABP4 plasma levels showed a significant progressive increase according to BMI but no association was detected between FABP4 circulating levels and SAT or VAT FABP4 gene expression. The gene expression of FABP1, FABP4 and FABP5 in hepatic tissue was significantly higher in tissue from the obese IR patients compared to the non-IR group. Conclusion The inverse pattern in FABP4 expression between adipose and hepatic tissue observed in morbid obese patients, regarding the IR context, suggests that both tissues may act in a balanced manner. These differences may help us to understand the discrepancies between circulating plasma levels and adipose tissue expression in obesity. PMID:23139800

The Space Infrared Telescope for Cosmology and Astrophysics (SPICA) in the New Framework

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bradford, Charles; SPICA Consortium, the SAFARI Consortium

2016-01-01

SPICA is a cryogenic space-borne observatory designed for optimal sensitivity in the mid-infrared through submillimeter range: 17-230 microns. The mission is an ESA / JAXA collaboration, now considered for the ESA Cosmic Visions M5 opportunity. SPICA will feature a 2.5-meter telescope cooled to below 8K, this offers the potential for 100-1000-fold advances in sensitivity beyond that obtained with Herschel and SOFIA in the far-IR. With a line sensitivity of ~5x10^-20 W/m^2 (1 h, 5 sigma), SPICA will be a complement to JWST and ALMA for deep spectroscopic observations. Integrated over cosmic history, star formation has occurred predominantly in dust-obscured regions which are inaccessible in the rest-frame UV and optical. Both the luminosity history and the detailed physics that govern it can only be directly measured in the mid-IR-submillimeter. Similarly, forming stars and planetary systems cool primarily through the far-IR. By taking advantage of the low-background platform, the SPICA instruments are designed for these topics. The SPICA mid-IR instrument (SMI) will provide R~50 imaging spectroscopy and R~1,000 full-band slit-fed spectroscopy from 17 to 36 microns, with a high-resolution (R=25,000) capability from 12-18 microns. The SPICA far-IR instrument (SAFARI) will cover 34 to at least 230 microns with multiple R~300 wide-band grating spectrometer modules coupling to high-sensitivity far-IR detectors. A R~3,000 scanned-etalon module will also be available for Galactic targets with bright continua and/or dense line spectra. SPICA has emerged with a new ESA-JAXA collaborative framework. In the current division of responsibilities, ESA will take the lead role, provide the telescope, the fine-attitude sensor, and the spacecraft bus. JAXA will provide the cryogenic system, the SMI instrument, integrate the telescope and instruments, and provide the launch vehicle. The SAFARI instrument will be provided by a consortium funded by the European national agencies led by SRON. Key detector and spectrometer contributions to SAFARI are under consideration in the US. The mission timeline is set by the Cosmic Visions M5 schedule, which has final approval in 2018-19, and launch in the late 2020s.

X-ray survey of the North-America and Pelican star-forming complex (NGC 7000/IC 5070)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Damiani, Francesco; Pillitteri, Ignazio; Prisinzano, Loredana

2017-06-01

Aims: We present the first extensive X-ray study of the North-America and Pelican star-forming region (NGC 7000/IC 5070), with the aim of finding and characterizing the young population of this cloud. Methods: X-ray data from Chandra (four pointings) and XMM-Newton (seven pointings) were reduced and source detection algorithm applied to each image. We complement the X-ray data with optical and near-IR data from the IPHAS, UKIDSS, and 2MASS catalogs, and with other published optical and Spitzer IR data. More than 700 X-ray sources are detected, the majority of which have an optical or near-IR (NIR) counterpart. This allowed us to identify young stars in different stages of formation. Results: Less than 30% of X-ray sources are identified with a previously known young star. We argue that most X-ray sources with an optical or NIR counterpart, except perhaps for a few tens at near-zero reddening, are likely candidate members of the star-forming region, on the basis of both their optical and NIR magnitudes and colors, and of X-ray properties such as spectrum hardness or flux variations. They are characterized by a wide range of extinction, and sometimes near-IR excesses, both of which prevent derivation of accurate stellar parameters. The optical color-magnitude diagram suggests ages between 1-10 Myr. The X-ray members have a very complex spatial distribution with some degree of subclustering, qualitatively similar to that of previously known members. The detailed distribution of X-ray sources relative to the objects with IR excesses identified with Spitzer is sometimes suggestive of sequential star formation, especially near the "Gulf of Mexico" region, probably triggered by the O5 star which illuminates the whole region. We confirm that around the O5 star no enhancement in the young star density is found, in agreement with previous results. Thanks to the precision and depth of the IPHAS and UKIDSS data used, we also determine the local optical-IR reddening law, and compute an updated reddening map of the entire region. Full Tables 3-5 and reduced images (FITS files) are only available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (http://130.79.128.5) or via http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat?J/A+A/602/A115

The future of VIS-IR hyperspectral remote sensing for the exploration of the solar system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Filacchione, Gianrico

2017-06-01

In the last 30 years our understanding of the Solar System has greatly advanced thanks to the introduction of VIS-IR imaging spectrometers which have provided hyperspectral views of planets, satellites, asteroids, comets and rings. By providing moderate resolution images and reflectance spectra for each pixel at the same time, these instruments allow to elaborate spectral-spatial models for very different targets: when used to observe surfaces, hyperspectral methods permit to retrieve endmembers composition (minerals, ices, organics, liquids), mixing state among endmembers (areal, intimate, intraparticle), physical properties (particle size, roughness, temperature) and to correlate these quantities with geological and morphological units. Similarly, morphological, dynamical and compositional studies of gaseous and aerosol species can be retrieved for planetary atmospheres, exospheres and auroras. To achieve these results, very different optical layouts, detectors technologies and observing techniques have been adopted in the last decades, going from very large and complex payloads, like ISM (IR Spectral Mapper) on russian mission Phobos to Mars and NIMS (Near IR Mapping Spectrometer) on US Galileo mission to Jupiter, which were the first hyperspectral imagers to flow aboard planetary missions, to more recent compact and performing experiments. The future of VIS-IR hyperspectral remote sensing is challenging because the complexity of modern planetary missions drives towards the realization of increasingly smaller, lighter and more performing payloads able to survive in harsh radiation and planetary protected environments or to operate from demanding platforms like landers, rovers and cubesats. As a development for future missions, one can foresee that apart instruments designed around well-consolidated optical solutions relying on prisms or gratings as dispersive elements, a new class of innovative hyperspectral imagers will rise: recent developments in Optomechatronics (the fusion of Optical and Mechatronic technologies) including the realization of linear variable filters, acusto-optic and liquid crystals tunable filters, micro-opto-mechanical systems (MOEMS) open the possibility to realize completely new imaging spectrometers designs for planetary exploration. The resulting miniaturization of optical and dispers! ive elements with VIS-IR detectors open pathways towards more integrated and compact instruments. Parallel to those developments it will be necessary to develop also new test and calibration setups to be used to characterize this new instrumentation during AIV-AIT phases.

Irs2 and Irs4 synergize in non-LepRb neurons to control energy balance and glucose homeostasis.

PubMed

Sadagurski, Marianna; Dong, X Charlie; Myers, Martin G; White, Morris F

2014-02-01

Insulin receptor substrates (Irs1, 2, 3 and Irs4) mediate the actions of insulin/IGF1 signaling. They have similar structure, but distinctly regulate development, growth, and metabolic homeostasis. Irs2 contributes to central metabolic sensing, partially by acting in leptin receptor (LepRb)-expressing neurons. Although Irs4 is largely restricted to the hypothalamus, its contribution to metabolic regulation is unclear because Irs4-null mice barely distinguishable from controls. We postulated that Irs2 and Irs4 synergize and complement each other in the brain. To examine this possibility, we investigated the metabolism of whole body Irs4(-/y) mice that lacked Irs2 in the CNS (bIrs2(-/-)·Irs4(-/y)) or only in LepRb-neurons (Lepr (∆Irs2) ·Irs4 (-/y) ). bIrs2(-/-)·Irs4(-/y) mice developed severe obesity and decreased energy expenditure, along with hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Unexpectedly, the body weight and fed blood glucose levels of Lepr (∆Irs2) ·Irs4 (-/y) mice were not different from Lepr (∆Irs2) mice, suggesting that the functions of Irs2 and Irs4 converge upon neurons that are distinct from those expressing LepRb.

A Compendium of Partage Studies.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-02-01

AD-AO14 032 HUMAN ENGINEERING LAS ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD F/6 5/5 COMPENDIUM OF PARTAGE STUDIES.(U) FEB 82 S T BRAINERD UNCLASSIFIED HEL-TM4-82 L...hibeftle) s . TYPE or REPORT & PERIOD COVERED A COMPENDIUM OF PORTAGE STUDIESFna 6. PERFORMING ORO. REPORT NUMBER 7. AUTHOR(q) 8- CONTRACT OR GRANT...Technical Memorandum 4-82 A COMPENDIUM OF PORTAGE STUDIES Samuel T. Brainerd February 1982 APP ROVED XD S 1)4ir ector U.S. Army Ruman Engineering Laboratory U

Military Review, December 1991. Volume 71, Volume 12

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-12-01

intention toendth:oepatyrle in effect since 1968. 4. Bill Bnubaker, " Major League Baseball Is Setting Up a Play For the Talent 18. Havana Rio= adTlvso...Rausch by Colonel David M Glantz, US Army Eoftor in Chief Major Chns J. LeBlanlc 10 In the Wake of Revolution:- Mana~ir Editor 11 Continuity and Change: A ...35 New European Challenges:- Two Cases Patticla L Dw 36 The Yugoslav People’s Army: Books & Features Editor Charles A . Mamn I Between Civil War and

Disruptive Technology for Vector Control: the Innovative Vector Control Consortium and the US Military Join Forces to Explore Transformative Insecticide Application Technology for Mosquito Control Programmes

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-09-26

Forces Pest Management Board (AFPMB) focused on public health pesticide application technology. Three main top- ics were discussed: the limitations...industry, the World Health Organization, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and others. Keywords: Pesticide application, Indoor residual spraying (IRS...Navy Entomology Center of Excel- lence (NECE), and industry as part of a joint workshop focused on public health pesticide application technology

Military Review: The Professional Journal of the U.S. Army, May-June 2008

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-06-01

materialize. Soldiers, USAID personnel, and local Iraqis walk through a market during a mission in Taji, Iraq, 8 February 2008. U .S . a ir Fo rc e...the armed Forces and a paper nominating James Forrestal to be the first Secretary of Defense. an hour later, en route to missouri, Truman learned that...substitute. Eberstadt argued that military unification “looks good on paper ,” but “has never been put to the acid test of modern war.” The idea

Weapons Effects in Cities. Volume 1

DTIC Science & Technology

1974-12-01

CltARED FOR PUBLIC REL~SE UNDER DO~:’ D i RECl I VE 5200 • 20 AND NO RESTRICTIONS ARE IMPOSED UPON Irs use: ;.t•o n 1 sctosuRt:. DISTRIBUTION STATE~ENT...Advanced Research Pro- jects A&ency of the Departi..enl of Defense anö was BWnitOfftd by the US Arr.iy Missile Coraaand under Contract Number DAAhOl-7...Riflemen, About to Knock Out a Weapons Position In Building Under Attack (Mannheim, Germany - March, 1945) . 11-33 IV-1 Schematic Diagram of a City

Military Review: The Professional Journal of the U.S. Army. Volume 87, Number 2, March-April 2007

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-04-01

are those in which some people are considered superior to others because of their social status, gender, race, age , education, birth, personal...red team composition is very important. The value of diversity—in rank, service, expertise, age , and gender—was evident just by our class...Karbala turn red with blood that flows from gashes cut deep into the skin . The men, some hardly old enough to shave, are within view of the Ha’ir

Spectroscopy of molecules in very high rotational states using an optical centrifuge.

PubMed

Yuan, Liwei; Toro, Carlos; Bell, Mack; Mullin, Amy S

2011-01-01

We have developed a high power optical centrifuge for measuring the spectroscopy of molecules in extreme rotational states. The optical centrifuge has a pulse energy that is more than 2 orders of magnitude greater than in earlier instruments. The large pulse energy allows us to drive substantial number densities of molecules to extreme rotational states in order to measure new spectroscopic transitions that are not accessible with traditional methods. Here we demonstrate the use of the optical centrifuge for measuring IR transitions of N2O from states that have been inaccessible until now. In these studies, the optical centrifuge drives N2O molecules into states with J ~ 200 and we use high resolution transient IR probing to measure the appearance of population in states with J = 93-99 that result from collisional cooling of the centrifuged molecules. High resolution Doppler broadened line profile measurements yield information about the rotational and translational energy distributions in the optical centrifuge.

A simple method to treat post-kydney transplantation lymphocele.

PubMed

Damiano, G; Lombardo, C; Palumbo, V D; Buffa, D; Maione, C; Gioviale, M C; Cacciabaudo, F; Spinelli, G; Calvagna, C; Lo Monte, A I

2011-01-01

To describe our experience with ultrasonic-guided instillation of povidone-iodine to treat post-kidney transplantation lymphocele. Patients and methods. We studied the safety and efficacy of this procedure for treatment of lymphocele in 6 male kidney transplanted recipients in which we assisted a progressive increase of creatinine and urinary proteins levels and color-Doppler ultrasonography demonstrated an increase (25,4%) of index of resistence (IR) Using eco-colorDoppler, the related-graft lymphocele location and the distance to the anterior abdominal wall were determined; then, a radiopaque double-lumen catheter was used to instillate 5% povidone-iodine 10 ml. Results. Percutaneous drainage achieved a resolution rate of 100%. Studying the rate of peripheral and internal vascularization of the kidney before and after treatment, eco-colorDoppler showed a significant decrease of the IR (24,6%). Conclusions. The US-guided povidone-iodine instillation for treatment of lymphocele following renal transplantation may be considered as first choice therapy in such disease.

Topological semimetals with Riemann surface states

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fang, Chen; Lu, Ling; Liu, Junwei; Fu, Liang

Topological semimetals have robust bulk band crossings between the conduction and the valence bands. Among them, Weyl semimetals are so far the only class having topologically protected signatures on the surface known as the ``Fermi arcs''. Here we theoretically find new classes of topological semimetals protected by nonsymmorphic glide reflection symmetries. On a symmetric surface, there are multiple Fermi arcs protected by nontrivial Z2 spectral flows between two high-symmetry lines (or two segments of one line) in the surface Brillouin zone. We observe that so far topological semimetals with protected Fermi arcs have surface dispersions that can be mapped to noncompact Riemann surfaces representing simple holomorphic functions. We propose perovskite superlattice [(SrIrO3)2m, (CaIrO3)2n] as a nonsymmorphic Dirac semimetal. C.F. and L.F. were supported by the S3TEC Solid State Solar Thermal Energy Conversion Center, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences (BES), under Award No. DE-SC0001299/DE.

Initial results from divertor heat-flux instrumentation on Alcator C-Mod

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Labombard, B.; Brunner, D.; Payne, J.; Reinke, M.; Terry, J. L.; Hughes, J. W.; Lipschultz, B.; Whyte, D.

2009-11-01

Physics-based plasma transport models that can accurately simulate the heat-flux power widths observed in the tokamak boundary are lacking at the present time. Yet this quantity is of fundamental importance for ITER and most critically important for DEMO, a reactor similar to ITER but with ˜4 times the power exhaust. In order to improve our understanding, C-Mod, DIII-D and NSTX will aim experiments in FY10 towards characterizing the divertor ``footprint'' and its connection to conditions ``upstream'' in the boundary and core plasmas [2]. Standard IR-based heat-flux measurements are particularly difficult in C-Mod, due to its vertical-oriented divertor targets. To overcome this, a suite of embedded heat-flux sensor probes (tile thermocouples, calorimeters, surface thermocouples) combined with IR thermography was installed during the FY09 opening, along with a new divertor bolometer system. This paper will report on initial experiments aimed at unfolding the heat-flux dependencies on plasma operating conditions. [2] a proposed US DoE Joint Facilities Milestone.

Effect of heat treatment on the structure of incorporated oxalate species and photoluminescent properties of porous alumina films formed in oxalic acid

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vrublevsky, I.; Jagminas, A.; Hemeltjen, S.; Goedel, W. A.

2008-09-01

The present work focuses on the use of IR spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectral measurements for studying the treatment temperature effect on the compositional and luminescent properties of oxalic acid alumina films. In line with the recent researches we have also found that heat treatment of porous alumina films formed in oxalic acid leads to considerable changes in their photoluminescence properties: upon annealing the intensity of photoluminescence (PL) increases reaching a maximum at the temperature of around 500 °C and then decreases. IR spectra of as-grown and heat-treated films have proved that PL emission in the anodic alumina films is related with the state of 'structural' oxalate species incorporated in the oxide lattice. These results allowed us to conclude that PL behavior of oxalic acid alumina films can be explained through the concept of variations in the bonding molecular orbitals of incorporated oxalate species including σ- and π-bonds.

Sub-picosecond streak camera measurements at LLNL: From IR to x-rays

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kuba, J; Shepherd, R; Booth, R

An ultra fast, sub-picosecond resolution streak camera has been recently developed at the LLNL. The camera is a versatile instrument with a wide operating wavelength range. The temporal resolution of up to 300 fs can be achieved, with routine operation at 500 fs. The streak camera has been operated in a wide wavelength range from IR to x-rays up to 2 keV. In this paper we briefly review the main design features that result in the unique properties of the streak camera and present its several scientific applications: (1) Streak camera characterization using a Michelson interferometer in visible range, (2)more » temporally resolved study of a transient x-ray laser at 14.7 nm, which enabled us to vary the x-ray laser pulse duration from {approx}2-6 ps by changing the pump laser parameters, and (3) an example of a time-resolved spectroscopy experiment with the streak camera.« less

Metabolic responses to a traditional Mexican diet compared with a commonly consumed US diet in women of Mexican descent: a randomized crossover feeding trial12

PubMed Central

Santiago-Torres, Margarita; Kratz, Mario; Lampe, Johanna W; Tapsoba, Jean De Dieu; Breymeyer, Kara L; Levy, Lisa; Villaseñor, Adriana; Wang, Ching-Yun; Song, Xiaoling; Neuhouser, Marian L

2016-01-01

Background: Mexican immigrants are disproportionally affected by diet-related risk of metabolic dysfunction. Whether adhering to a traditional Mexican diet or adopting a US diet contributes to metabolic changes associated with future risk of type 2 diabetes and other chronic diseases has not been investigated. Objective: The purpose of this study was to test in a randomized crossover feeding trial the metabolic responses to a Mexican diet compared with a commonly consumed US diet. Design: First- and second-generation healthy women of Mexican descent (n = 53) were randomly assigned in a crossover design to consume a Mexican or US diet for 24 d each, separated by a 28-d washout period. Diets were eucaloric and similar in macronutrient composition. The metabolic responses to diets were assessed by measuring fasting serum concentrations of glucose, insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3), adiponectin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin 6 (IL-6), as well as the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) at the beginning and end of each period. Linear mixed models tested the intervention effect on the biomarkers, while adjusting for diet sequence, feeding period, baseline and washout biomarker concentrations, age, acculturation, and BMI. Results: Compared with the US diet, the Mexican diet reduced insulin by 14% [geometric means (95% CIs): 9.3 (8.3, 10.3) compared with 8.0 (7.2, 8.9) μU/mL; P = 0.02], HOMA-IR by 15% [2.0 (1.8, 2.3) compared with 1.7 (1.6, 2.0); P = 0.02], and IGFBP-3 by 6% (mean ± SEM: 2420 ± 29 compared with 2299 ± 29 ng/mL; P < 0.01) and tended to reduce circulating concentrations of IGF-1 by 4% (149 ± 2.6 compared with 144 ± 2.5 ng/mL; P = 0.06). There was no significant intervention effect on serum concentrations of glucose, adiponectin, CRP, or IL-6 in the US compared with the Mexican diet. Conclusion: Compared with the commonly consumed US diet, the traditional Mexican diet modestly improved insulin sensitivity under conditions of weight stability in healthy women of Mexican descent, while having no impact on biomarkers of inflammation. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01369173. PMID:26718418

A STAR-FORMING RING AROUND κ Ori 250 pc FROM THE SUN

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pillitteri, I.; Wolk, S. J.; Megeath, S. T., E-mail: ipillitt@cfa.harvard.edu

2016-04-01

X-rays are a powerful probe of activity in early stages of star formation. They allow us to identify young stars even after they have lost the IR signatures of circumstellar disks and provide constraints on their distance. Here, we report on XMM-Newton observations that detect 121 young stellar objects (YSOs) in two fields between L1641 S and κ Ori. These observations extend the Survey of Orion A with XMM and Spitzer (SOXS). The YSOs are contained in a ring of gas and dust apparent at millimeter wavelengths, and in far-IR and near-IR surveys. The X-ray luminosity function of the YSOs detectedmore » in the two fields indicates a distance of 250–280 pc, much closer than the Orion A cloud and similar to distance estimates of κ Ori. We propose that the ring is a 5–8 pc diameter shell that has been swept up by κ Ori. This ring contains several groups of stars detected by Spitzer and WISE including one surrounding the Herbig Ae/Be stars V1818 Ori. In this interpretation, the κ Ori ring is one of several shells swept up by massive stars within the Orion Eridanus Superbubble and is unrelated to the southern portion of Orion A/L1641 S.« less

Thickness and microstructure effects in the optical and electrical properties of silver thin films

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ding, Guowen, E-mail: gding@intermolecular.com; Clavero, César; Schweigert, Daniel

The optical and electrical response of metal thin films approaching thicknesses in the range of the electron mean free path is highly affected by electronic scattering with the interfaces and defects. Here, we present a theoretical and experimental study on how thickness and microstructure affect the properties of Ag thin films. We are able to successfully model the electrical resistivity and IR optical response using a thickness dependent electronic scattering time. Remarkably, the product of electronic scattering time and resistivity remains constant regardless of the thickness (τx ρ = C), with a value of 59 ± 2 μΩ cm ⋅more » fs for Ag films in the investigated range from 3 to 74 nm. Our findings enable us to develop a theoretically framework that allows calculating the optical response of metal thin films in the IR by using their measured thickness and resistivity. An excellent agreement is found between experimental measurements and predicted values. This study also shows the theoretical lower limit for emissivity in Ag thin films according to their microstructure and thickness. Application of the model presented here will allow rapid characterization of the IR optical response of metal thin films, with important application in a broad spectrum of fundamental and industrial applications, including optical coatings, low-emissivity windows and semiconductor industry.« less

Jahn-Teller effects in transition-metal compounds with small charge-transfer energy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mizokawa, Takashi

2013-04-01

We have studied Jahn-Teller effects in Cs2Au2Br6, ACu3Co4O12(A=Ca or Y), and IrTe2 in which the ligand p-to-transition-metal d charge-transfer energy is small or negative. The Au+/Au3+ charge disproportionation of Cs2Au2Br6 manifests in Au 4f photoemission spectra. In Cs2Au2Br6 with negative Δ and intermediate U, the charge disproportionation can be described using effective d orbitals constructed from the Au 5d and Br 4p orbitals and is stabilized by the Jahn-Teller distortion of the Au3+ site with low-spin d8 configuration. In ACu3Co4O12, Δs for Cu3+ and Co4+ are negative and Us are very large. The Zhang-Rice picture is valid to describe the electronic state, and the valence change from Cu2+/Co4+ to Cu3+/Co3+ can be viewed as the O 2p hole transfer from Co to Cu or d9 + d6L → d9L + d6. In IrTe2, both Δ and U are small and the Ir 5d and Te 5p electrons are itinerant to form the multi-band Fermi surfaces. The ideas of band Jahn-Teller transition and Peierls transition are useful to describe the structural instabilities.

Insulin receptor substrate 1 expression enhances the sensitivity of 32D cells to chemotherapy-induced cell death

PubMed Central

Porter, Holly A.; Carey, Gregory B.; Keegan, Achsah D.

2012-01-01

The adaptors IRS1 and IRS2 link growth factor receptors to downstream signaling pathways that regulate proliferation and survival. Both suppress factor-withdrawal-induced apoptosis and have been implicated in cancer progression. However, recent studies suggest IRS1 and IRS2 mediate differential functions in cancer pathogenesis. IRS1 promoted breast cancer proliferation, while IRS2 promoted metastasis. The role of IRS1 and IRS2 in controlling cell responses to chemotherapy is unknown. To determine the role of IRS1 and IRS2 in the sensitivity of cells to chemotherapy, we treated 32D cells lacking or expressing IRS proteins with various concentrations of chemotherapeutic agents. We found that expression of IRS1, in contrast to IRS2, enhanced the sensitivity of 32D cells to chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. When IRS2 was expressed with IRS1, the cells no longer showed enhanced sensitivity. Expression of IRS1 did not alter the expression of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins; however, 32D-IRS1 cells expressed higher levels of Annexin A2. In 32D-IRS1 cells, IRS1 and Annexin A2 were both located in cytoplasmic and membrane fractions. We also found that IRS1 coprecipitated with Annexin A2, while IRS2 did not. Decreasing Annexin A2 levels reduced 32D-IRS1 cell sensitivity to chemotherapy. These results suggest IRS1 enhances sensitivity to chemotherapy in part through Annexin A2. PMID:22652453

Grumman OV-1C in flight

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1983-01-01

Grumman OV-1C in flight. This OV-1C Mohawk, serial #67-15932, was used in a joint NASA/US Army Aviation Engineering Flight Activity (USAAEFA) program to study a stall-speed warning system in the early 1980s. NASA designed and built an automated stall-speed warning system which presented both airspeed and stall speed to the pilot. Visual indication of impending stall would be displayed to the pilot as a cursor or pointer located on a conventional airspeed indicator. In addition, an aural warning at predetermined stall margins was presented to the pilot through a voice synthesizer. The Mohawk was developed by Grumman Aircraft as a photo observation and reconnaissance aircraft for the US Marines and the US Army. The OV-1 entered production in October 1959 and served the US Army in Europe, Korea, the Viet Nam War, Central and South America, Alaska, and during Desert Shield/Desert Storm in the Middle East. The Mohawk was retired from service in September 1996. 133 OV-1Cs were built, the 'C' designating the model which used an IR (infrared) imaging system to provide reconnaissance.

Serum AMH levels and insulin resistance in women with PCOS.

PubMed

Sahmay, Sezai; Aydogan Mathyk, Begum; Sofiyeva, Nigar; Atakul, Nil; Azemi, Aslı; Erel, Tamer

2018-05-01

To compare the serum AMH levels between women with and without insulin resistance (IR) in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). 293 women with PCOS according to the Rotterdam criteria were enrolled into our study. Insulin resistance was diagnosed according to the Homeostatic model assessment insulin resistant (HOMA-IR) formula and the cut-off point was set to more than 2.5. Women were grouped according to the presence of insulin resistance (IR) (HOMA-IR ≥ 2.5). Serum AMH and other hormones were compared between the IR (+) and IR (-) groups. Additionally, AMH percentiles were (<25, 25-75, >75) constructed; HOMA-IR and BMI values in women with/without IR were compared in different percentiles. Further, HOMA-IR, BMI and AMH values were measured across different PCOS phenotypes. The prevalence of IR was 45%. The prevalence of IR was 57% in women with BMI ≥ 25. Serum AMH levels were not significantly different among women with and without IR. Also, HOMA-IR values were not significant among different AMH percentiles. However, in each AMH percentile BMI were found to be higher in women with IR than in women without IR. The median HOMA-IR values were the highest in women with BMI ≥ 25 in both IR (+) and IR (-) groups. No significant difference was found among PCOS phenotypes in terms of HOMA-IR and BMI. Positive correlations were found between BMI, free testosterone and HOMA-IR. However, no correlation was found between AMH and HOMA-IR. The serum AMH levels between women with IR and without IR in PCOS were not significantly different. Also, we did not reveal a correlation between serum AMH levels and IR in women with PCOS. IR was not correlated with different PCOS phenotypes either. We found a positive correlation between BMI and IR. IR should be investigated in women with PCOS having a BMI ≥ 25, independent of their phenotype or AMH levels. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Insulin receptor substrate 1 expression enhances the sensitivity of 32D cells to chemotherapy-induced cell death

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Porter, Holly A., E-mail: hport001@umaryland.edu; Molecular Medicine Program, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201; Carey, Gregory B., E-mail: gcarey@som.umaryland.edu

2012-08-15

The adapters IRS1 and IRS2 link growth factor receptors to downstream signaling pathways that regulate proliferation and survival. Both suppress factor-withdrawal-induced apoptosis and have been implicated in cancer progression. However, recent studies suggest IRS1 and IRS2 mediate differential functions in cancer pathogenesis. IRS1 promoted breast cancer proliferation, while IRS2 promoted metastasis. The role of IRS1 and IRS2 in controlling cell responses to chemotherapy is unknown. To determine the role of IRS1 and IRS2 in the sensitivity of cells to chemotherapy, we treated 32D cells lacking or expressing IRS proteins with various concentrations of chemotherapeutic agents. We found that expression ofmore » IRS1, in contrast to IRS2, enhanced the sensitivity of 32D cells to chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. When IRS2 was expressed with IRS1, the cells no longer showed enhanced sensitivity. Expression of IRS1 did not alter the expression of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins; however, 32D-IRS1 cells expressed higher levels of Annexin A2. In 32D-IRS1 cells, IRS1 and Annexin A2 were both located in cytoplasmic and membrane fractions. We also found that IRS1 coprecipitated with Annexin A2, while IRS2 did not. Decreasing Annexin A2 levels reduced 32D-IRS1 cell sensitivity to chemotherapy. These results suggest IRS1 enhances sensitivity to chemotherapy in part through Annexin A2. -- Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer IRS1 enhanced the sensitivity of 32D cells to chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer This sensitivity is abrogated by the expression of IRS2. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Expressing IRS1 in 32D cells increased levels of Annexin A2. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Both IRS1 and Annexin A2 were located in cytoplasmic and membrane fractions. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Decreasing Annexin A2 in 32D-IRS1 cells abated their sensitivity to chemotherapy.« less

IR Bandwidth and Crystal Thickness Effects on THG Efficiency and Temporal Shaping of Quasi-Rectangular UV Pulses: Part II - Incident IR Ripple

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bolton, Paul R.; Limborg-Deprey, Cecile; /SLAC

We have investigated the effect of incident ir spectral bandwidth and crystal thickness, on uv pulses produced by third harmonic generation (THG) in a crystal pair. Our focus is on the third harmonic generation efficiency and longitudinal uv intensity profile parameters of SNLO predictions that are evaluated for three incident ir spectral bandwidths and a range of crystal thicknesses. These results represent a continuation of earlier work in which the effects of the same selected ir bandwidths and range of crystal thicknesses were investigated using a pair of BBO Type I crystals in a simplistic geometry for which the longitudinalmore » intensity plateau has a zero slope, 'flattop' profile. The current work is distinguished from the previous work by an imposed ripple on the ir intensity longitudinal profile and constitutes a portion of a Part II effort to which we have made reference. As with preceding work, all third harmonic data are net results at the exit of the second BBO crystal. Predictions are obtained with the modified SNLO code developed by Arlee Smith at the Sandia National Laboratories. This modification has allowed us to pursue the 'coupled' case in which the output of the first BBO crystal is used as input to the second one. This includes both the fundamental and second harmonic light. Defined parameters are consistent with previous work. The presented cases are best results. The criteria for selection of these reported cases are highest THG efficiency combined with minimum intensity ripple in the plateau. The incident ir pulse is quasi-rectangular with an imposed 5.2 % (rms) intensity ripple added to the plateau. The ir pulse bandwidth is centered at 800 nm. Second harmonic generation occurs in the first BBO crystal and THG occurs in the second crystal as a consequence of sum frequency generation. Type I phase matching is used throughout, so that for a negative uniaxial crystal: n{sub 2}{sup e}({theta}) = n{sub 1}{sup o};(SHG) (1.1) 3n{sub 3}{sup 3}({theta}) = 2n{sub 2}{sup o} + n{sub 1}{sup o};(THG) where n{sub 2}{sup e}({theta}) and n{sub 3}{sup e}({theta}) are the angle dependent extraordinary refractive indices for the second and third harmonics respectively, and n{sub 1}{sup 1} and n{sub 2}{sup o} are the ordinary refractive indices for the fundamental and second harmonic respectively. Although our goal at this stage has not been to comply with all the LCLS injector laser specifications, the results provided here represent a parameter study that can be used to determine candidate bandwidth dependent, crystal thickness combinations for the detailed design of compliant THG subsystems. This simplistic geometry better elucidates acceptance bandwidth limitations that are intrinsic to the crystal material.« less

Characterizing spatial and temporal patterns of intermittent rivers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

de Vries, Stefan B.; Hoeve, Jasper; Sauquet, Eric; Leigh, Catherine; Bonada, Núria; Fike, Kimberly; Dahm, Clifford; Booij, Martijn J.; Datry, Thibault

2015-04-01

Intermittent rivers (IRs) support high biodiversity due to their dynamic alternations between terrestrial and aquatic phases. They represent a large proportion of the river network. However the current knowledge on these ecosystems is limited. The international research project "Intermittent River Biodiversity Analysis and Synthesis" (IRBAS, www.irbas.fr) aims to collect and analyze data on IR biodiversity from France, Spain, North America and Australia. These activities ultimately should help in identifying relationships between flow regime components and ecological responses. The IRBAS project will provide guidelines for policy-makers and resource managers for effective water and habitat management, restoration and preservation. This work examines one of the aspects in the IRBAS project: studying the large-scale spatial distribution of IRs as well as the year-to-year variability of zero-flow events. IRs were described by two variables: the frequency of periods without flow (FREQ) per time period (months or years) and the total number of zero-flow days (DUR) in a specified time window (month or year). Daily discharge data from more than 1700 gauging stations with no significant human influence on flow were collected from France, Spain, Australia and conterminous United States. A minimum length of 30 years of data starting from 1970 was required with less than 5% of missing data. Climate data for France and Australia were also collected. A classification of perennial versus intermittent rivers was defined, with 455 stations out of the 1684 considered "intermittent", i.e. the gauging station records had, on average, at least 5 zero-flow days per year. The analysis of the subset of IRs showed that: - Greater than 50% of the IRs in the database is located in Australia, where only 35% of the stations are considered perennial. In Spain the proportion of IRs reaches 25%. The proportion of intermittent rivers in France (7%) is certainly underestimated as a consequence of the monitoring strategy, i.e. gauging stations have been primarily installed to measure perennial flows of medium size basins and most of the IRs remain ungauged. This is also true in the US where ~ 7% of the current and historical gage network is on intermittent rivers. - Intermittence of rivers demonstrates high seasonality which varies from one country to another. - Links between climate variability and intermittence are not straightforward. No relation was found between annual DUR and annual precipitation in France whereas DUR was significantly correlated with precipitation in Australia. Potential evapotranspiration was correlated with DUR for France, but not for Australia, where the results were more obscure. - No spatially coherent trends in flow intermittence were identified in Spain, France or the USA. Significant trends according to the Mann Kendall test were found in Australia and results suggest trends in yearly DUR consistent with observed changes in rainfall in Western Australia during the last few decades. The El Nino cycle is one of the possible sources of variability in intermittency patterns.

Impaired Insulin Signaling is Associated with Hepatic Mitochondrial Dysfunction in IR+/−-IRS-1+/− Double Heterozygous (IR-IRS1dh) Mice

PubMed Central

Franko, Andras; Kunze, Alexander; Böse, Marlen; von Kleist-Retzow, Jürgen-Christoph; Paulsson, Mats; Hartmann, Ursula; Wiesner, Rudolf J.

2017-01-01

Mitochondria play a pivotal role in energy metabolism, but whether insulin signaling per se could regulate mitochondrial function has not been identified yet. To investigate whether mitochondrial function is regulated by insulin signaling, we analyzed muscle and liver of insulin receptor (IR)+/−-insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1)+/− double heterozygous (IR-IRS1dh) mice, a well described model for insulin resistance. IR-IRS1dh mice were studied at the age of 6 and 12 months and glucose metabolism was determined by glucose and insulin tolerance tests. Mitochondrial enzyme activities, oxygen consumption, and membrane potential were assessed using spectrophotometric, respirometric, and proton motive force analysis, respectively. IR-IRS1dh mice showed elevated serum insulin levels. Hepatic mitochondrial oxygen consumption was reduced in IR-IRS1dh animals at 12 months of age. Furthermore, 6-month-old IR-IRS1dh mice demonstrated enhanced mitochondrial respiration in skeletal muscle, but a tendency of impaired glucose tolerance. On the other hand, 12-month-old IR-IRS1dh mice showed improved glucose tolerance, but normal muscle mitochondrial function. Our data revealed that deficiency in IR/IRS-1 resulted in normal or even elevated skeletal muscle, but impaired hepatic mitochondrial function, suggesting a direct cross-talk between insulin signaling and mitochondria in the liver. PMID:28556799

Impaired Insulin Signaling is Associated with Hepatic Mitochondrial Dysfunction in IR+/--IRS-1+/- Double Heterozygous (IR-IRS1dh) Mice.

PubMed

Franko, Andras; Kunze, Alexander; Böse, Marlen; von Kleist-Retzow, Jürgen-Christoph; Paulsson, Mats; Hartmann, Ursula; Wiesner, Rudolf J

2017-05-30

Mitochondria play a pivotal role in energy metabolism, but whether insulin signaling per se could regulate mitochondrial function has not been identified yet. To investigate whether mitochondrial function is regulated by insulin signaling, we analyzed muscle and liver of insulin receptor (IR) +/- -insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) +/- double heterozygous (IR-IRS1dh) mice, a well described model for insulin resistance. IR-IRS1dh mice were studied at the age of 6 and 12 months and glucose metabolism was determined by glucose and insulin tolerance tests. Mitochondrial enzyme activities, oxygen consumption, and membrane potential were assessed using spectrophotometric, respirometric, and proton motive force analysis, respectively. IR-IRS1dh mice showed elevated serum insulin levels. Hepatic mitochondrial oxygen consumption was reduced in IR-IRS1dh animals at 12 months of age. Furthermore, 6-month-old IR-IRS1dh mice demonstrated enhanced mitochondrial respiration in skeletal muscle, but a tendency of impaired glucose tolerance. On the other hand, 12-month-old IR-IRS1dh mice showed improved glucose tolerance, but normal muscle mitochondrial function. Our data revealed that deficiency in IR/IRS-1 resulted in normal or even elevated skeletal muscle, but impaired hepatic mitochondrial function, suggesting a direct cross-talk between insulin signaling and mitochondria in the liver.

Ultrasound stimulated release of mimosa medicine from cellulose hydrogel matrix.

PubMed

Jiang, Huixin; Tovar-Carrillo, Karla; Kobayashi, Takaomi

2016-09-01

Ultrasound (US) drug release system using cellulose based hydrogel films was developed as triggered to mimosa. Here, the mimosa, a fascinating drug to cure injured skin, was employed as the loading drug in cellulose hydrogel films prepared with phase inversion method. The mimosa hydrogels were fabricated from dimethylacetamide (DMAc)/LiCl solution in the presence of mimosa, when the solution was exposed to ethanol vapor. The US triggered release of the mimosa from the hydrogel matrix was carried out under following conditions of US powers (0-30W) and frequencies (23, 43 and 96kHz) for different mimosa hydrogel matrix from 0.5wt% to 2wt% cellulose solution. To release the drug by US trigger from the matrix, the better medicine release was observed in the matrix prepared from the 0.5wt% cellulose solution when the 43kHz US was exposed to the aqueous solution with the hydrogel matrix. The release efficiency increased with the increase of the US power from 5 to 30W at 43kHz. Viscoelasticity of the hydrogel matrix showed that the hydrogel became somewhat rigid after the US exposure. FT-IR analysis of the mimosa hydrogel matrixes showed that during the US exposure, hydrogen bonds in the structure of mimosa-water and mimosa-cellulose were broken. This suggested that the enhancement of the mimosa release was caused by the US exposure. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Ultrasound stimulated release of gallic acid from chitin hydrogel matrix.

PubMed

Jiang, Huixin; Kobayashi, Takaomi

2017-06-01

Ultrasound (US) stimulated drug release was examined in this study using a chitin hydrogel matrix loaded with gallic acid (GA), a drug used for wound healing and anticancer. Using phase inversion, GA-chitin hydrogels were prepared from chitin-dimethylacetamide (DMAc)/lithium chloride (LiCl) solution in the presence of GA, with 24h exposure of the solution to water vapor. The GA release from the GA-chitin hydrogel was examined under different US powers of 0-30W at 43kHz. The effects of GA loading amounts in the hydrogels (0.54, 0.43, and 0.25mg/cm 3 ) and chitin concentrations (0.1, 0.5, and 1wt%) on the release behaviors were recorded under 43kHz US exposure at 30W. Results show that US accelerated the release efficiencies for all samples. Furthermore, the release efficiency increased concomitantly with increasing US power, GA loading amount, and decrease of the chitin concentration. The highest release rate of 0.74μg/mL·min was obtained from 0.54mg/cm 3 of GA-loaded hydrogel fabricated from a 0.1wt% chitin mixture solution under 43kHz US exposure at 30W: nine times higher than that of the sample without US exposure. The hydrogel viscoelasticity demonstrated that the US irradiation rigidified the material. FT-IR showed that US can break the hydrogen bonds in the GA-chitin hydrogels. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Impact of aerial infrared roof moisture scans on the U.S. Army's ROOFER program

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Knehans, Al; Ledford, Jim

1993-04-01

The ROOFER program is being used by the U.S. Army to inspect and evaluate its built-up and single-ply membrane roofs. The results of the inspection effort are used to develop an overall roof condition index. The condition of the roof insulation can greatly alter the final condition index. By using an aerial infrared (IR) roof moisture scan, all the insulated roofs at most Army installations can be effectively surveyed in a very short time. The aerial scans have detected numerous areas of wet roof insulation, which has had a profound impact on the results of the ROOFER program. The scans have also provided management personnel with more accurate analysis as to the actual condition of the installation's insulated roofs.

Insulin receptor substrates 1 and 2 but not Shc can activate the insulin receptor independent of insulin and induce proliferation in CHO-IR cells

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Niessen, Markus; Jaschinski, Frank; Item, Flurin

2007-02-15

Ligand-activated insulin receptor (IR) attracts and phosphorylates various substrates such as insulin receptor substrates 1-4 (IRS) and Shc. To investigate how binding affinity for substrate affects signalling we generated chimeric receptors with the {beta}-chain of the insulin receptor containing NPXY motives with different affinities for receptor substrates. We found that the extent of receptor tyrosine phosphorylation positively correlates with binding affinity towards IRS1/2 but not towards Shc. Moreover, overexpression of IRS1 or IRS2 but not of Shc increased IR tyrosine phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner, also independent of insulin. Molecular truncations of IRS1 revealed that neither the isolated PH andmore » PTB domains nor the C-terminus with the tyrosine phosphorylation sites alone are sufficient for substrate-dependent receptor activation. Overexpression of IRS1 and IRS2 impaired insulin-induced internalization of the IR in a dose-dependent manner suggesting that IRS proteins prevent endosome-associated receptor dephosphorylation/inactivation. IRS1 and IRS2 could therefore target the activated IR to different cellular compartments. Overexpression of IRS1 and IRS2 inhibited insulin-stimulated activation of the MAP kinases Erk1/2 while it increased/induced activation of Akt/PKB. Finally, overexpression of IRS1 and IRS2 but not of Shc induced DNA synthesis in starved CHO-IR cells independent of exogenous growth factors. Our results demonstrate that variations in cellular IRS1 and IRS2 concentration affect insulin signalling both upstream and downstream and that IRS proteins could play instructive rather than just permissive roles in signal transmission.« less

Histological organization of the central nervous system and distribution of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone-like peptide in the blue crab, Portunus pelagicus.

PubMed

Saetan, Jirawat; Senarai, Thanyaporn; Tamtin, Montakan; Weerachatyanukul, Wattana; Chavadej, Jittipan; Hanna, Peter J; Parhar, Ishwar; Sobhon, Prasert; Sretarugsa, Prapee

2013-09-01

We present a detailed histological description of the central nervous system (CNS: brain, subesophageal ganglion, thoracic ganglia, abdominal ganglia) of the blue crab, Portunus pelagicus. Because the presence of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in crustaceans has been disputed, we examine the presence and localization of a GnRH-like peptide in the CNS of the blue crab by using antibodies against lamprey GnRH (lGnRH)-III, octopus GnRH (octGnRH) and tunicate GnRH (tGnRH)-I. These antibodies showed no cross-reactivity with red-pigment-concentrating hormone, adipokinetic hormone, or corazonin. In the brain, strong lGnRH-III immunoreactivity (-ir) was detected in small (7-17 μm diameter) neurons of clusters 8, 9 and 10, in medium-sized (21-36 μm diameter) neurons of clusters 6, 7 and 11 and in the anterior and posterior median protocerebral neuropils, olfactory neuropil, median and lateral antenna I neuropils, tegumentary neuropil and antenna II neuropil. In the subesophageal ganglion, lGnRH-III-ir was detected in medium-sized neurons and in the subesophageal neuropil. In the thoracic and abdominal ganglia, lGnRH-III-ir was detected in medium-sized and small neurons and in the neuropils. OctGnRH-ir was observed in neurons of the same clusters with moderate staining, particularly in the deutocerebrum, whereas tGnRH-I-ir was only detected in medium-sized neurons of cluster 11 in the brain. Thus, anti-lGnRH-III shows greater immunoreactivity in the crab CNS than anti-octGnRH and anti-tGnRH-I. Moreover, our functional bioassay demonstrates that only lGnRH-III has significant stimulatory effects on ovarian growth and maturation. We therefore conclude that, although the true identity of the crab GnRH eludes us, crabs possess a putative GnRH hormone similar to lGnRH-III. The identification and characterization of this molecule is part of our ongoing research.

EFT of large scale structures in redshift space [On the EFT of large scale structures in redshift space

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lewandowski, Matthew; Senatore, Leonardo; Prada, Francisco

Here, we further develop the description of redshift-space distortions within the effective field theory of large scale structures. First, we generalize the counterterms to include the effect of baryonic physics and primordial non-Gaussianity. Second, we evaluate the IR resummation of the dark matter power spectrum in redshift space. This requires us to identify a controlled approximation that makes the numerical evaluation straightforward and efficient. Third, we compare the predictions of the theory at one loop with the power spectrum from numerical simulations up to ℓ = 6. We find that the IR resummation allows us to correctly reproduce the baryonmore » acoustic oscillation peak. The k reach—or, equivalently, the precision for a given k—depends on additional counterterms that need to be matched to simulations. Since the nonlinear scale for the velocity is expected to be longer than the one for the overdensity, we consider a minimal and a nonminimal set of counterterms. The quality of our numerical data makes it hard to firmly establish the performance of the theory at high wave numbers. Within this limitation, we find that the theory at redshift z = 0.56 and up to ℓ = 2 matches the data at the percent level approximately up to k~0.13 hMpc –1 or k~0.18 hMpc –1, depending on the number of counterterms used, with a potentially large improvement over former analytical techniques.« less

EFT of large scale structures in redshift space [On the EFT of large scale structures in redshift space

DOE PAGES

Lewandowski, Matthew; Senatore, Leonardo; Prada, Francisco; ...

2018-03-15

Here, we further develop the description of redshift-space distortions within the effective field theory of large scale structures. First, we generalize the counterterms to include the effect of baryonic physics and primordial non-Gaussianity. Second, we evaluate the IR resummation of the dark matter power spectrum in redshift space. This requires us to identify a controlled approximation that makes the numerical evaluation straightforward and efficient. Third, we compare the predictions of the theory at one loop with the power spectrum from numerical simulations up to ℓ = 6. We find that the IR resummation allows us to correctly reproduce the baryonmore » acoustic oscillation peak. The k reach—or, equivalently, the precision for a given k—depends on additional counterterms that need to be matched to simulations. Since the nonlinear scale for the velocity is expected to be longer than the one for the overdensity, we consider a minimal and a nonminimal set of counterterms. The quality of our numerical data makes it hard to firmly establish the performance of the theory at high wave numbers. Within this limitation, we find that the theory at redshift z = 0.56 and up to ℓ = 2 matches the data at the percent level approximately up to k~0.13 hMpc –1 or k~0.18 hMpc –1, depending on the number of counterterms used, with a potentially large improvement over former analytical techniques.« less

IRS-1 acts as an endocytic regulator of IGF-I receptor to facilitate sustained IGF signaling.

PubMed

Yoneyama, Yosuke; Lanzerstorfer, Peter; Niwa, Hideaki; Umehara, Takashi; Shibano, Takashi; Yokoyama, Shigeyuki; Chida, Kazuhiro; Weghuber, Julian; Hakuno, Fumihiko; Takahashi, Shin-Ichiro

2018-04-11

Insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) preferentially regulates the long-term IGF activities including growth and metabolism. Kinetics of ligand-dependent IGF-IR endocytosis determines how IGF induces such downstream signaling outputs. Here, we find that the insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 modulates how long ligand-activated IGF-IR remains at the cell surface before undergoing endocytosis in mammalian cells. IRS-1 interacts with the clathrin adaptor complex AP2. IRS-1, but not an AP2-binding-deficient mutant, delays AP2-mediated IGF-IR endocytosis after the ligand stimulation. Mechanistically, IRS-1 inhibits the recruitment of IGF-IR into clathrin-coated structures; for this reason, IGF-IR avoids rapid endocytosis and prolongs its activity on the cell surface. Accelerating IGF-IR endocytosis via IRS-1 depletion induces the shift from sustained to transient Akt activation and augments FoxO-mediated transcription. Our study establishes a new role for IRS-1 as an endocytic regulator of IGF-IR that ensures sustained IGF bioactivity, independent of its classic role as an adaptor in IGF-IR signaling. © 2018, Yoneyama et al.

IRS-1 acts as an endocytic regulator of IGF-I receptor to facilitate sustained IGF signaling

PubMed Central

Yoneyama, Yosuke; Lanzerstorfer, Peter; Niwa, Hideaki; Umehara, Takashi; Shibano, Takashi; Yokoyama, Shigeyuki; Chida, Kazuhiro; Weghuber, Julian

2018-01-01

Insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) preferentially regulates the long-term IGF activities including growth and metabolism. Kinetics of ligand-dependent IGF-IR endocytosis determines how IGF induces such downstream signaling outputs. Here, we find that the insulin receptor substrate (IRS)−1 modulates how long ligand-activated IGF-IR remains at the cell surface before undergoing endocytosis in mammalian cells. IRS-1 interacts with the clathrin adaptor complex AP2. IRS-1, but not an AP2-binding-deficient mutant, delays AP2-mediated IGF-IR endocytosis after the ligand stimulation. Mechanistically, IRS-1 inhibits the recruitment of IGF-IR into clathrin-coated structures; for this reason, IGF-IR avoids rapid endocytosis and prolongs its activity on the cell surface. Accelerating IGF-IR endocytosis via IRS-1 depletion induces the shift from sustained to transient Akt activation and augments FoxO-mediated transcription. Our study establishes a new role for IRS-1 as an endocytic regulator of IGF-IR that ensures sustained IGF bioactivity, independent of its classic role as an adaptor in IGF-IR signaling. PMID:29661273

Weather and Rotation on Young Brown Dwarfs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vos, Johanna; Biller, Beth; Allers, Katelyn; Manjavacas, Elena; Liu, Michael; Best, William; Metchev, Stanimir; Buenzli, Esther; Bonavita, Mariangela; Eriksson, Simon; Dupuy, Trent; Kopytova, Taisiya; Brandner, Wolfgang; Henning, Thomas; Bonnefoy, Mickael; Crossfield, Ian; Schlieder, Joshua; Homeier, Derek; Janson, Markus; Radigan, Jacqueline

2018-05-01

As part of a large, ground-based survey for weather patterns on exoplanet analogues, we have detected J-band variability in 5 young exoplanet analogues. We have already carried out followup Spitzer monitoring of two objects and here we propose Spitzer 3.6um and 4.5um monitoring of three early-mid-L detections in our survey. The proposed observations will enable us to assess the role of gravity in the variability properties of these young objects by providing a full measure of mid-IR amplitude across the full L spectral sequence for low-gravity objects. The proposed observations will also allow us to measure the rotational periods of our three targets. This will provide vital information on the angular momentum of young brown dwarfs, while enabling us to correct for geometric effects when considering the variability properties of our targets. This study will act as a necessary pathfinder for future variability studies of free-floating and companion exoplanets with JWST.

Teaching IR to Medical Students: A Call to Action.

PubMed

Lee, Aoife M; Lee, Michael J

2018-02-01

Interventional radiology (IR) has grown rapidly over the last 20 years and is now an essential component of modern medicine. Despite IR's increasing penetration and reputation in healthcare systems, IR is poorly taught, if taught at all, in most medical schools. Medical students are the referrers of tomorrow and potential IR recruits and deserve to be taught IR by expert IRs. The lack of formal IR teaching curricula in many medical schools needs to be addressed urgently for the continued development and dissemination of, particularly acute, IR services throughout Europe. We call on IRs to take up the baton to teach IR to the next generation of doctors.

Insulin and Metabolic Stress Stimulate Multisite Serine/Threonine Phosphorylation of Insulin Receptor Substrate 1 and Inhibit Tyrosine Phosphorylation*

PubMed Central

Hançer, Nancy J.; Qiu, Wei; Cherella, Christine; Li, Yedan; Copps, Kyle D.; White, Morris F.

2014-01-01

IRS1 and IRS2 are key substrates of the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase. Mass spectrometry reveals more than 50 phosphorylated IRS1 serine and threonine residues (Ser(P)/Thr(P) residues) in IRS1 from insulin-stimulated cells or human tissues. We investigated a subset of IRS1 Ser(P)/Thr(P) residues using a newly developed panel of 25 phospho-specific monoclonal antibodies (αpS/TmAbIrs1). CHO cells overexpressing the human insulin receptor and rat IRS1 were stimulated with insulin in the absence or presence of inhibitors of the PI3K → Akt → mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) → S6 kinase or MEK pathways. Nearly all IRS1 Ser(P)/Thr(P) residues were stimulated by insulin and significantly suppressed by PI3K inhibition; fewer were suppressed by Akt or mTOR inhibition, and none were suppressed by MEK inhibition. Insulin-stimulated Irs1 tyrosine phosphorylation (Tyr(P)Irs1) was enhanced by inhibition of the PI3K → Akt → mTOR pathway and correlated with decreased Ser(P)-302Irs1, Ser(P)-307Irs1, Ser(P)-318Irs1, Ser(P)-325Irs1, and Ser(P)-346Irs1. Metabolic stress modeled by anisomycin, thapsigargin, or tunicamycin increased many of the same Ser(P)/Thr(P) residues as insulin, some of which (Ser(P)-302Irs1, Ser(P)-307Irs1, and four others) correlated significantly with impaired insulin-stimulated Tyr(P)Irs1. Thus, IRS1 Ser(P)/Thr(P) is an integrated response to insulin stimulation and metabolic stress, which associates with reduced Tyr(P)Irs1 in CHOIR/IRS1 cells. PMID:24652289

Insulin resistance in HIV-infected youth is associated with decreased mitochondrial respiration.

PubMed

Takemoto, Jody K; Miller, Tracie L; Wang, Jiajia; Jacobson, Denise L; Geffner, Mitchell E; Van Dyke, Russell B; Gerschenson, Mariana

2017-01-02

To identify relationships between insulin resistance (IR) and mitochondrial respiration in perinatally HIV-infected youth. Case-control study. Mitochondrial respiration was assessed in perinatally HIV-infected youth in Tanner stages 2-5, 25 youth with IR (IR+) and 50 without IR (IR-) who were enrolled in the Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study. IR was defined as a homeostatic model of assessment for IR value at least 4.0. A novel, high-throughput oximetry method was used to evaluate cellular respiration in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Unadjusted and adjusted differences in mitochondrial respiration markers between IR+ and IR- were evaluated, as were correlations between mitochondrial respiration markers and biochemical measurements. IR+ and IR- youth were similar on age, sex, and race/ethnicity. Mean age was 16.5 and 15.6 years in IR+ and IR-, respectively. The IR+ group had significantly higher mean BMI and metabolic analytes (fasting glucose, insulin, cholesterol, triglycerides, and venous lactate and pyruvate) compared with the IR-. Mitochondrial respiration markers were, on average, lower in the IR+ compared with IR-, including basal respiration (417.5 vs. 597.5 pmol, P = 0.074), ATP production (11 513 vs. 15 202 pmol, P = 0.078), proton leak (584.6 vs. 790.0 pmol, P = 0.033), maximal respiration (1815 vs. 2399 pmol, P = 0.025), and spare respiration capacity (1162 vs. 2017 pmol, P = 0.032). Nonmitochondrial respiration did not differ by IR status. The results did not change when adjusted for age. HIV-infected youth with IR have lower mitochondrial respiration markers when compared to youth without IR. Disordered mitochondrial respiration may be a potential mechanism for IR in this population.

The Insulin Receptor: A New Target for Cancer Therapy

PubMed Central

Malaguarnera, Roberta; Belfiore, Antonino

2011-01-01

A large body of evidences have shown that both the IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) and the insulin receptor (IR) play a role in cancer development and progression. In particular, IR overactivation by IGF-II is common in cancer cells, especially in dedifferentiated/stem-like cells. In spite of these findings, until very recently, only IGF-IR but not IR has been considered a target in cancer therapy. Although several preclinical studies have showed a good anti-cancer activity of selective anti-IGF-IR drugs, the results of the clinical first trials have been disappointing. In fact, only a small subset of malignant tumors has shown an objective response to these therapies. Development of resistance to anti-IGF-IR drugs may include upregulation of IR isoform A (IR-A) in cancer cells and its overactivation by increased secretion of autocrine IGF-II. These findings have led to the concept that co-targeting IR together with IGF-IR may increase therapy efficacy and prevent adaptive resistance to selective anti-IGF-IR drugs. IR blockade should be especially considered in tumors with high IR-A:IGF-IR ratio and high levels of autocrine IGF-II. Conversely, insulin sensitizers, which ameliorate insulin resistance associated with metabolic disorders and cancer treatments, may have important implications for cancer prevention and management. Only few drugs co-targeting the IR and IGF-IR are currently available. Ideally, future IR targeting strategies should be able to selectively inhibit the tumor promoting effects of IR without impairing its metabolic effects. PMID:22654833

Calibrated Mid-wave Infrared (IR) (MidIR) and Long-wave IR (LWIR) Stokes and Degree-of-Liner Polarization (DOLP)

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-09-01

LWIR long-wave IR MCT mercury cadmium telluride MidIR mid-wave IR NUC nonuniformity corrections ROI regions-of-interest 22 No. of Copies...Calibrated Mid-wave Infrared (IR) (MidIR) and Long-wave IR ( LWIR ) Stokes and Degree-of-Liner Polarization (DOLP) by Kristan P. Gurton and... LWIR ) Stokes and Degree-of-Liner Polarization (DOLP) Kristan P. Gurton and Melvin Felton Computational and Information Sciences Directorate

Ionotropic glutamate receptors IR64a and IR8a form a functional odorant receptor complex in vivo in Drosophila.

PubMed

Ai, Minrong; Blais, Steven; Park, Jin-Yong; Min, Soohong; Neubert, Thomas A; Suh, Greg S B

2013-06-26

Drosophila olfactory sensory neurons express either odorant receptors or ionotropic glutamate receptors (IRs). The sensory neurons that express IR64a, a member of the IR family, send axonal projections to either the DC4 or DP1m glomeruli in the antennal lobe. DC4 neurons respond specifically to acids/protons, whereas DP1m neurons respond to a broad spectrum of odorants. The molecular composition of IR64a-containing receptor complexes in either DC4 or DP1m neurons is not known, however. Here, we immunoprecipitated the IR64a protein from lysates of fly antennal tissue and identified IR8a as a receptor subunit physically associated with IR64a by mass spectrometry. IR8a mutants and flies in which IR8a was knocked down by RNAi in IR64a+ neurons exhibited defects in acid-evoked physiological and behavioral responses. Furthermore, we found that the loss of IR8a caused a significant reduction in IR64a protein levels. When expressed in Xenopus oocytes, IR64a and IR8a formed a functional ion channel that allowed ligand-evoked cation currents. These findings provide direct evidence that IR8a is a subunit that forms a functional olfactory receptor with IR64a in vivo to mediate odor detection.

Use of near infrared/red radiance ratios for estimating vegetation biomass and physiological status

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tucker, C. J.

1977-01-01

The application of photographic infrared/red (ir/red) reflectance or radiance ratios for the estimation of vegetation biomass and physiological status were investigated by analyzing in situ spectral reflectance data from experimental grass plots. Canopy biological samples were taken for total wet biomass, total dry biomass, leaf water content, dry green biomass, dry brown biomass, and total chlorophyll content at each sampling date. Integrated red and photographic infrared radiances were regressed against the various canopy or plot variables to determine the relative significance between the red, photographic infrared, and the ir/red ratio and the canopy variables. The ir/red ratio is sensitive to the photosynthetically active or green biomass, the rate of primary production, and actually measures the interaction between the green biomass and the rate of primary production within a given species type. The ir/red ratio resulted in improved regression significance over the red or the ir/radiances taken separately. Only slight differences were found between ir/red ratio, the ir-red difference, the vegetation index, and the transformed vegetation index. The asymptotic spectral radiance properties of the ir, red, ir/red ratio, and the various transformations were evaluated.

HOMA1-IR and HOMA2-IR indexes in identifying insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome: Brazilian Metabolic Syndrome Study (BRAMS).

PubMed

Geloneze, Bruno; Vasques, Ana Carolina Junqueira; Stabe, Christiane França Camargo; Pareja, José Carlos; Rosado, Lina Enriqueta Frandsen Paez de Lima; Queiroz, Elaine Cristina de; Tambascia, Marcos Antonio

2009-03-01

To investigate cut-off values for HOMA1-IR and HOMA2-IR to identify insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic syndrome (MS), and to assess the association of the indexes with components of the MS. Nondiabetic subjects from the Brazilian Metabolic Syndrome Study were studied (n = 1,203, 18 to 78 years). The cut-off values for IR were determined from the 90th percentile in the healthy group (n = 297) and, for MS, a ROC curve was generated for the total sample. In the healthy group, HOMA-IR indexes were associated with central obesity, triglycerides and total cholesterol (p < 0.001). The cut-off values for IR were: HOMA1-IR > 2.7 and HOMA2-IR > 1.8; and, for MS were: HOMA1-IR > 2.3 (sensitivity: 76.8%; specificity: 66.7%) and HOMA2-IR > 1.4 (sensitivity: 79.2%; specificity: 61.2%). The cut-off values identified for HOMA1-IR and HOMA2-IR indexes have a clinical and epidemiological application for identifying IR and MS in Westernized admixtured multi-ethnic populations.

Large-scale use of mosquito larval source management for malaria control in Africa: a cost analysis.

PubMed

Worrall, Eve; Fillinger, Ulrike

2011-11-08

At present, large-scale use of two malaria vector control methods, long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) is being scaled up in Africa with substantial funding from donors. A third vector control method, larval source management (LSM), has been historically very successful and is today widely used for mosquito control globally, except in Africa. With increasing risk of insecticide resistance and a shift to more exophilic vectors, LSM is now under re-evaluation for use against afro-tropical vector species. Here the costs of this intervention were evaluated. The 'ingredients approach' was used to estimate the economic and financial costs per person protected per year (pppy) for large-scale LSM using microbial larvicides in three ecologically diverse settings: (1) the coastal metropolitan area of Dar es Salaam in Tanzania, (2) a highly populated Kenyan highland area (Vihiga District), and (3) a lakeside setting in rural western Kenya (Mbita Division). Two scenarios were examined to investigate the cost implications of using alternative product formulations. Sensitivity analyses on product prices were carried out. The results show that for programmes using the same granular formulation larviciding costs the least pppy in Dar es Salaam (US$0.94), approximately 60% more in Vihiga District (US$1.50) and the most in Mbita Division (US$2.50). However, these costs are reduced substantially if an alternative water-dispensable formulation is used; in Vihiga, this would reduce costs to US$0.79 and, in Mbita Division, to US$1.94. Larvicide and staff salary costs each accounted for approximately a third of the total economic costs per year. The cost pppy depends mainly on: (1) the type of formulation required for treating different aquatic habitats, (2) the human population density relative to the density of aquatic habitats and (3) the potential to target the intervention in space and/or time. Costs for LSM compare favourably with costs for IRS and LLINs, especially in areas with moderate and focal malaria transmission where mosquito larval habitats are accessible and well defined. LSM presents an attractive tool to be integrated in ongoing malaria control effort in such settings. Further data on the epidemiological health impact of larviciding is required to establish cost effectiveness.

Large-scale use of mosquito larval source management for malaria control in Africa: a cost analysis

PubMed Central

2011-01-01

Background At present, large-scale use of two malaria vector control methods, long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) is being scaled up in Africa with substantial funding from donors. A third vector control method, larval source management (LSM), has been historically very successful and is today widely used for mosquito control globally, except in Africa. With increasing risk of insecticide resistance and a shift to more exophilic vectors, LSM is now under re-evaluation for use against afro-tropical vector species. Here the costs of this intervention were evaluated. Methods The 'ingredients approach' was used to estimate the economic and financial costs per person protected per year (pppy) for large-scale LSM using microbial larvicides in three ecologically diverse settings: (1) the coastal metropolitan area of Dar es Salaam in Tanzania, (2) a highly populated Kenyan highland area (Vihiga District), and (3) a lakeside setting in rural western Kenya (Mbita Division). Two scenarios were examined to investigate the cost implications of using alternative product formulations. Sensitivity analyses on product prices were carried out. Results The results show that for programmes using the same granular formulation larviciding costs the least pppy in Dar es Salaam (US$0.94), approximately 60% more in Vihiga District (US$1.50) and the most in Mbita Division (US$2.50). However, these costs are reduced substantially if an alternative water-dispensable formulation is used; in Vihiga, this would reduce costs to US$0.79 and, in Mbita Division, to US$1.94. Larvicide and staff salary costs each accounted for approximately a third of the total economic costs per year. The cost pppy depends mainly on: (1) the type of formulation required for treating different aquatic habitats, (2) the human population density relative to the density of aquatic habitats and (3) the potential to target the intervention in space and/or time. Conclusion Costs for LSM compare favourably with costs for IRS and LLINs, especially in areas with moderate and focal malaria transmission where mosquito larval habitats are accessible and well defined. LSM presents an attractive tool to be integrated in ongoing malaria control effort in such settings. Further data on the epidemiological health impact of larviciding is required to establish cost effectiveness. PMID:22067606

Mid-IR supercontinuum generation and applications: a review

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yin, Shizhuo; Ruffin, Paul; Brantley, Christina; Edwards, Eugene; Luo, Claire

2014-09-01

In this paper, a review on mid-IR supercontinuum generation (SCG) and its applications is presented. First, the physical mechanism of the supercontinuum generation in IR crystal fiber is introduced. Second, the recent progress on IR single crystal fiber, in particular ultrathin core double cladding IR single crystal fiber is described. Third, the transmission characteristics of mid-IR crystal fiber is illustrated. Fourth, the mid-IR supercontinuum generation in IR single crystal fiber is presented. Finally, the application of IR supercontinuum for smart target recognition is illustrated

The equine herpesvirus-1 IR3 gene that lies antisense to the sole immediate-early (IE) gene is trans-activated by the IE protein, and is poorly expressed to a protein

PubMed Central

Ahn, Byung Chul; Breitenbach, Jonathan E.; Kim, Seong K.; O’Callaghan, Dennis J.

2007-01-01

The unique IR3 gene of equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) is expressed as a late 1.0-kb transcript. Previous studies confirmed the IR3 transcription initiation site and tentatively identified other cis-acting elements specific to IR3 such as a TATA box, a 443 base pair 5′untranslated region (UTR), a 285 base pair open reading frame (ORF) and a poly adenylation (A) signal (Holden et al., 1992 DNA Seq 3, 143-52). Transient transfection assays revealed that the IR3 promoter is strongly trans-activated by the IE protein (IEP) and that coexpression of the IEP with the early EICP0 and IR4 regulatory proteins results in maximal trans-activation of the IR3 promoter. Gel shift assays revealed that the IEP directly binds to the IR3 promoter region. Western blot analysis showed that the IR3 protein produced in E. coli was detected by antibodies to IR3 synthetic peptides; however, the IR3 protein was not detected in EHV-1 infected cell extracts by these same anti-IR3 antibodies, even though the IR3 transcript was detected by northern blot. These findings suggest that the IR3 may not be expressed to a protein. Expression of an IR3/GFP fusion gene was not observed, but expression of a GFP/IR3 fusion gene was detected by fluorescent microscopy. In further attempts to detect the IR3/GFP fusion protein using anti-GFP antibody, western blot analysis showed that the IR3/GFP fusion protein was not detected in vivo. Interestingly, a truncated form of the GFP/IR3 protein was synthesized from the GFP/IR3 fusion gene. However, GFP/IR3 and IR3/GFP fusion proteins of the predicted sizes were synthesized by in vitro coupled transcription and translation of the fusion genes, suggesting poor expression of the IR3 protein in vivo. The possible role of the IR3 transcript in EHV-1 infection is discussed. PMID:17306852

Synthesis and characterization of carbazolide-based iridium PNP pincer complexes. Mechanistic and computational investigation of alkene hydrogenation: evidence for an Ir(III)/Ir(V)/Ir(III) catalytic cycle.

PubMed

Cheng, Chen; Kim, Bong Gon; Guironnet, Damien; Brookhart, Maurice; Guan, Changjian; Wang, David Y; Krogh-Jespersen, Karsten; Goldman, Alan S

2014-05-07

New carbazolide-based iridium pincer complexes ((carb)PNP)Ir(C2H4), 3a, and ((carb)PNP)Ir(H)2, 3b, have been prepared and characterized. The dihydride, 3b, reacts with ethylene to yield the cis-dihydride ethylene complex cis-((carb)PNP)Ir(C2H4)(H)2. Under ethylene this complex reacts slowly at 70 °C to yield ethane and the ethylene complex, 3a. Kinetic analysis establishes that the reaction rate is dependent on ethylene concentration and labeling studies show reversible migratory insertion to form an ethyl hydride complex prior to formation of 3a. Exposure of cis-((carb)PNP)Ir(C2H4)(H)2 to hydrogen results in very rapid formation of ethane and dihydride, 3b. DFT analysis suggests that ethane elimination from the ethyl hydride complex is assisted by ethylene through formation of ((carb)PNP)Ir(H)(Et)(C2H4) and by H2 through formation of ((carb)PNP)Ir(H)(Et)(H2). Elimination of ethane from Ir(III) complex ((carb)PNP)Ir(H)(Et)(H2) is calculated to proceed through an Ir(V) complex ((carb)PNP)Ir(H)3(Et) which reductively eliminates ethane with a very low barrier to return to the Ir(III) dihydride, 3b. Under catalytic hydrogenation conditions (C2H4/H2), cis-((carb)PNP)Ir(C2H4)(H)2 is the catalyst resting state, and the catalysis proceeds via an Ir(III)/Ir(V)/Ir(III) cycle. This is in sharp contrast to isoelectronic (PCP)Ir systems in which hydrogenation proceeds through an Ir(III)/Ir(I)/Ir(III) cycle. The basis for this remarkable difference is discussed.

Insulin receptor substrate-2 regulates aerobic glycolysis in mouse mammary tumor cells via glucose transporter 1.

PubMed

Pankratz, Shannon L; Tan, Ernest Y; Fine, Yumiko; Mercurio, Arthur M; Shaw, Leslie M

2009-01-23

The insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins are cytoplasmic adaptor molecules that function as signaling intermediates downstream of activated cell surface receptors. Based on data implicating IRS-2 but not IRS-1 in breast cancer invasion, survival, and metastasis, we assessed the contribution of IRS-1 and IRS-2 to aerobic glycolysis, which is known to impact tumor growth and progression. For this purpose, we used tumor cell lines derived from transgenic mice that express the polyoma virus middle T antigen (PyV-MT) in the mammary gland and that are wild-type (WT) or null for either Irs-1 (Irs-1-/-) or Irs-2 (Irs-2-/-). Aerobic glycolysis, as assessed by the rate of lactic acid production and glucose consumption, was diminished significantly in Irs-2-/- cells when compared with WT and Irs-1-/- cells. Expression of exogenous Irs-2 in Irs-2-/- cells restored the rate of glycolysis to that observed in WT cells. The transcription factor FoxO1 does not appear to be involved in Irs-2-mediated glycolysis. However, Irs-2 does regulate the surface expression of glucose transporter 1 (Glut1) as assessed by flow cytometry using a Glut1-specific ligand. Suppression of Glut1 expression inhibits Irs-2-dependent invasion, which links glycolysis to mammary tumor progression. Irs-2 was shown to be important for mammalian target of rapamycin (mTor) activation, and Irs-2-dependent regulation of Glut1 surface expression is rapamycin-sensitive. Collectively, our data indicate that Irs-2, but not Irs-1, promotes invasion by sustaining the aerobic glycolysis of mouse mammary tumor cells and that it does so by regulating the mTor-dependent surface expression of Glut1.

Advances in Measuring Soil Moisture using Global Navigation Satellite Systems Interferometric Reflectometry (GNSS-IR)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Moore, A. W.; Small, E. E.; Owen, S. E.; Hardman, S. H.; Wong, C.; Freeborn, D. J.; Larson, K. M.

2016-12-01

GNSS Interferometric Reflectometry (GNSS-IR) uses GNSS signals reflected off the land to infer changes in the near-antenna environment and monitor fluctuations in soil moisture, as well as other related hydrologic variables: snow depth/snow water equivalent (SWE), vegetation water content, and water level [Larson and Small, 2013; McCreight, et al., 2014; Larson et al., 2013]. GNSS instruments installed by geoscientists and surveyors to measure land motions can measure soil moisture fluctuations with accuracy (RMSE <0.04 cm3/cm3 [Small et al., 2016]) and latency sufficient for many applications (e.g., weather forecasting, climate studies, satellite validation). The soil moisture products have a unique and complementary footprint intermediate in scale between satellite and standard in situ sensors. Variations in vegetation conditions introduce considerable errors, but algorithms have been developed to address this issue [Small et al., 2016]. A pilot project (PBO H2O) using 100+ GPS sites in the western U.S. (Figure 1) from a single network (the Plate Boundary Observatory) has been operated by the University of Colorado (CU) at http://xenon.colorado.edu/portal since October 2012. JPL and CU are funded by NASA ESTO to refactor the PBO H2O software within an Apache OODT framework for robust operational analysis of soil moisture data and auto-configuration when new stations are added. We will report progress on the new GNSS H2O analysis portal, and plans to expand to global networks and from GPS to other GNSS signals. ReferencesLarson, K. M., & Small, E. E. (2013) Eos, 94(52), 505-512. McCreight, J. L., Small, E. E., & Larson, K. M. (2014). Water Resour. Res., 50(8), 6892-6909. Larson, K. M., Ray, R. D., Nievinski, F. G., & Freymueller, J. T. (2013). IEEE Geosci Remote S, 10(5), 1200-1204. Small, E. E., Larson, K. M., Chew, C. C., Dong, J., & Ochsner, T. E. (2016). IEEE J Sel. Top. Appl. PP(39). Figure 1: (R) Western U.S. GPS-IR soil moisture sites. (L): Products derived from GNSS reflection data for (clockwise from upper left) vegetation water content, SWE, sea level, and volumetric soil moisture.

Transfusion of Plasma Collected at Late Phase after Preconditioning Reduces Myocardial Infarct Size Induced by Ischemia-reperfusion in Rats In vivo.

PubMed

Zhao, Yang; Zheng, Zhi-Nan; Cheung, Chi-Wai; Zuo, Zhi-Yi; Jin, San-Qing

2017-02-05

Plasma transfusion is a common clinical practice. Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) protects organs against ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Whether preconditioned plasma (PP), collected at late phase after RIPC, could protect organs against IR injury in vivo is unknown. This study explored whether transfusion of PP could reduce myocardial infarct size (IS) after IR in rat in vivo. Eighty Lewis rats were randomized to eight groups (n = 10 for each group). Two groups of plasma donor rats donated plasma at 48 h after transient limb ischemia (PP) or control protocol (nonpreconditioned plasma [NPP]). Six groups of recipient rats received normal saline (NS; NS-IR 1, and NS-IR 24 groups), NPP (NPP-IR 1 and NPP-IR 24 groups), or PP (PP-IR 1 and PP-IR 24 groups) at one or 24 h before myocardial IR. Myocardial IR consisted of 30-min left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery occlusion and 180-min reperfusion. The area at risk (AAR) and infarct area were determined by double-staining with Evans blue and triphenyltetrazolium chloride. IS was calculated by infarct area divided by AAR. This was a 3 × 2 factorial design study, and factorial analysis was used to evaluate the data. If an interaction between the fluid and transfusion time existed, one-way analysis of variance with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons was used to analyze the single effects of fluid type when the transfusion time was fixed. IS in the NPP-IR 1 and PP-IR 1 groups was smaller than in the NS-IR 1 group (F = 6.838, P = 0.005; NPP-IR 1: 57 ± 8% vs. NS-IR1: 68 ± 6%, t = 2.843, P = 0.020; PP-IR 1: 56 ± 8% vs. NS-IR 1: 68 ± 6%, t = 3.102, P = 0.009), but no significant difference was detected between the NPP-IR 1 and PP-IR 1 groups (57 ± 8% vs. 56 ± 8%, t = 0.069, P = 1.000). IS in the NPP-IR 24 and PP-IR 24 groups was smaller than in the NS-IR 24 group (F = 24.796, P< 0.001; NPP-IR 24: 56% ± 7% vs. NS-IR 24: 68 ± 7%, t = 3.102, P = 0.026; PP-IR 24: 40 ± 9% vs. NS-IR 24: 68 ± 7%, t = 7.237, P< 0.001); IS in the PP-IR 24 group was smaller than in the NPP-IR 24 group (40 ± 9% vs. 56 ± 7%, t = 4.135, P = 0.002). Transfusion of PP collected at late phase after remote ischemic preconditioning could reduce IS, suggesting that late-phase cardioprotection was transferable in vivo.

Protective effects of tempol in an experimental ovarian ischemia-reperfusion injury model in female Wistar albino rats.

PubMed

Pınar, Neslihan; Soylu Karapınar, Oya; Özcan, Oğuzhan; Atik Doğan, Esin; Bayraktar, Suphi

2017-07-01

The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant effects of tempol on ovarian ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Forty female Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: Group I, sham; Group II, ischemia (I); Group III, I/R; Group IV, I/R + tempol 30 mg/kg i.p; Group V, I/R + tempol 50 mg/kg i.p. Oxidative stress index (OSI) was significantly higher in the ischemia group and the I/R group than in the sham group. Catalase levels were significantly lower in the I/R group than in the I/R + tempol 30 mg/kg i.p. and the I/R + tempol 50 mg/kg i.p. groups. Glutathione peroxidase levels were lower in the I/R group than in the I/R + tempol 30 mg/kg i.p. and the I/R + tempol 50 mg/kg i.p. groups. MDA levels were significantly lower in the I/R + tempol 30 mg/kg i.p. group and the I/R + tempol 50 mg/kg i.p. group than in the I/R group. The levels of the histopathological parameters were significantly decreased in the I/R + tempol 50 mg/kg i.p. group compared with the I/R group. Tempol can be used for reducing ovarian I/R injury.

Measurement of activation cross sections of alpha particle induced reactions on iridium up to an energy of 50 MeV.

PubMed

Takács, S; Ditrói, F; Szűcs, Z; Aikawa, M; Haba, H; Komori, Y; Saito, M

2018-06-01

Cross sections of alpha particle induced nuclear reactions on iridium were investigated using a 51.2-MeV alpha particle beam. The standard stacked-foil target technique and the activation method were applied. The activity of the reaction products was assessed without chemical separation using high resolution gamma-ray spectrometry. Excitation functions for production of gold, platinum and iridium isotopes ( 196m2 Au, 196m,g Au, 195m,g Au, 194 Au, 193 m,g Au, 192 Au, 191m,g Au, 191 Pt, 195m Pt, 194g Ir, 194m Ir, 192g Ir, 190g Ir and 189 Ir) were determined and compared with available earlier measured experimental data and results of theoretical calculations using TALYS code system. Cross section data were reported for the first time for the nat Ir(α,x) 196m2 Au, nat Ir(α,x) 196m,g Au, nat Ir(α,x) 191 Pt, nat Ir(α,x) 195m Pt, nat Ir(α,x) 194g Ir, nat Ir(α,x) 194m Ir, nat Ir(α,x) 190g Ir and nat Ir(α,x) 189 Ir processes. A possible production route for 195m Pt, the potentially important radionuclide in nuclear medicine, is discussed. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Imaging AGN Feedback in NGC 3393 with CHEERS

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Maksym, W. Peter; Fabbiano, Giuseppina; Elvis, Martin; Karovska, Margarita; Paggi, Alessandro; Wang, Junfeng; Storchi-Bergmann, Thaisa

2016-01-01

The CHandra Extended Emission-line Region Survey (CHEERS) is the 'ultimate' resolution X-ray imaging survey of nearby far-IR selected AGN. By comparing deep Chandra observations with complementary HST and radio data, we investigate the morphology of the extended narrow-line region on scales of <100 pc. We present new results on the gas surrounding the compton-thick AGN NGC 3393. The luminous extended narrow-line X-ray emission from this gas allows us to study the role and extent of AGN feedback as sub-kpc jets interact with the surrounding ISM.

Imaging AGN Feedback in NGC 3393 with CHEERS

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Paggi, Alessandro; Maksym, W. Peter; Fabbiano, Giuseppina; Elvis, Martin; Karovska, Margarita; Wang, Junfeng; Storchi-Bergmann, Thaisa

2016-04-01

The CHandra Extended Emission-line Region Survey (CHEERS) is the 'ultimate' resolution X-ray imaging survey of nearby far-IR selected AGN. By comparing deep Chandra observations with complementary HST and radio data, we investigate the morphology of the extended narrow-line region on scales of <100 pc. We present new results on the gas surrounding the compton-thick AGN NGC 3393. The luminous extended narrow-line X-ray emission from this gas allows us to study the role and extent of AGN feedback as sub-kpc jets interact with the surrounding ISM.

The Frequency of Occurrence of Air Masses Over Twelve European Cities.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-01-01

0. Kays John T. Allen Louis 0. Duncan APR 1 5183 C.’) QVA IrI Approved for public ralemis; distribution unlimited. US Army Electronics Remerch and...referenced herei n. Gipssi 4 Destroy this report when it is no longer needed. "c not re.urn it to the originator. LI q . 1 ,,’ SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF...THIS PAGE t"e, Vag. at-’,. REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE BEFORE COMPLSTUO FORM I --PCR N- 6-ymU M 1 kA 2GOVT ACCESSION NO. S. RECIPIENT’S CATALOG HUM

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Michaelos, Thoe K.; Shopov, Dimitar Y.; Sinha, Shashi Bhushan

Here, water-oxidation catalysis is a critical bottleneck in the direct generation of solar fuels by artificial photosynthesis. Catalytic oxidation of difficult substrates such as water requires harsh conditions, so that the ligand must be designed both to stabilize high oxidation states of the metal center and to strenuously resist ligand degradation. Typical ligand choices either lack sufficient electron donor power or fail to stand up to the oxidizing conditions. This research on Ir-based water-oxidation catalysts (WOCs) has led us to identify a ligand, 2-(2'-pyridyl)-2-propanoate or “pyalk” that fulfills these requirements.

The First U.S. Naval Observatory Robotic Astrometric Telescope Catalog

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-10-01

in the “info” folder. URAT1 covers almost the entire northern sky and most of the area δ �−15°, plus the far south area around Pluto . 2.3. Robotic...meeting acceptable quality standards. A total of 14 and 12 exposures of the Pluto field area taken on 2013 September 19 and 2014 September 06...for our project. 2MASS was used for near-IR photometry and as the first epoch of URAT1 proper motions. Bill Gray (Project Pluto ) is thanked for making

Optimizing Flexibility and Responsiveness in U.S. Army Contingency Plan Logistical Support

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-03-01

OCONUS supplies are t- made available on a per day basis, it can be seen that when OCONUS is allowed, the high priority requests, being at the top cf ...1983). 121 39. Wilmot , Chester. "World War II", University So&ity Encyclopedia, Volume 19. New Jersey:Lexicon Publications, Inc., 1977. 40. Works, LTC...variables XX(2) throuqh XX(7) tre asa.J follows. C c XX(2) - initial inventory level cf class V itvms ir. CONUS c XX(3) - initial inventory level of

Extended Abstracts. The U.S. Workshop on the Physics and Chemistry of Mercury Cadium Telluride and Novel IR Detector Materials, Held in San Francisco, California on October 2-4, 1990

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-10-01

WORKSHOP COORDINATOR J . Morreale Palisades Institute for Research Services, Inc. WORKSHOP SPONSORS CECOM Center for NV&EO Office of Naval Technology Air...LPE HgCdTe ON SAPPHIRE ................... 33 E.R. Blazejewski, S. Johnston, J.S. Chen, J . Bajaj, G. Williams and L. Bubulac, Rockwell Science Center...ACCEPTOR DENSITIES IN P-TYPE Hgl-xCdxTe BY THERMOELECTRIC MEASUREMENTS ................................... . ........ 63 J . Baars, D. Brink and J

International Conference on Chemistry and Physics of Electrified Interfaces Solid/Electrolyte and Biological Systems: Extended Abstracts and Programme Held in Bologna, Italy on 29 August - 2 September 1988

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-09-01

Consiglio del Kiistri (propasta IRS!) Proviucia di Bologna Regions iallia-R0555na Societa Chimica Italisna (SD SocietA Italians, di Fisica U.S. Azy... Fisica , Universidad de Alicante, Apartado 99, 03080 Alicante (SPAIN); * Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Interfaciale, 1 P. Aristide Briand, 92195 Meudon...CNRS n*350, Universit& de Poitiers, 40, avenue du Recteur Pineau, 86022 - POITIERS , France, J-L. VAZQUEZ and A. ALDAZ, Departamento de Quimica Fisica

Compact Cr:ZnS Channel Waveguide Laser Operating at 2333 nm

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-03-24

B. Mirov and V. V. Federov, “Mid-IR microchip laser : ZnS:Cr2+ laser with saturable absorber material,” (US Patent No 6,960,486., 2009). 23. A...Compact Cr:ZnS channel waveguide laser operating at 2333 nm John R. Macdonald,1* Stephen J. Beecher,2 Adam Lancaster,1 Patrick A. Berry,3 Kenneth...35294, USA *J.R.Macdonald@hw.ac.uk Abstract: A compact mid-infrared channel waveguide laser is demonstrated in Cr:ZnS with a view to power scaling

A Decision Methodology and Organizational Structure for Determining the Mission Essentiality of Rail Service to U.S. Air Force Installations

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-09-01

and Director DLA, 4 May 1983. 128. Williams , Ernest W., Jr. ’A Critique cf the Staggers Rail Act of 1980," Transportation Journal, Spring 1992, pp.5...i3 unlim i-ted.L DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE W, .&•AIR UNIVERSITY FIN AIiR FORCE iNST irUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Wright- Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 83...and reloaded on railcars for movement to German exercise sites (16:14). William Taylovr, President of the Illinois Central Gulf 33 Railroad, has

Polar-interferometry: what can be learnt from the IOTA/IONIC experiment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Le Bouquin, Jean-Baptiste; Rousselet-Perraut, Karine; Berger, Jean-Philippe; Herwats, Emilie; Benisty, Myriam; Absil, Olivier; Defrere, Denis; Monnier, John; Traub, Wesley

2008-07-01

We report the first near-IR polar-interferometric observations, performed at the IOTA array using its integrated optics combiner IONIC. Fringes have been obtained on calibration stars and resolved late-type giants. Optical modeling of the array and dedicated laboratory measures allowed us to confirm the good accuracy obtained on the calibrated polarized visibilities and closure phases. However, no evidences for polarimetric features at high angular resolution have been detected. The simulations and the results presented here open several perspectives for polar-interferometry, especially in the context of fibered, single-mode combiners.

The U.S. Navy’s Experience with Resuscitation of Wounded Servicemen in Vietnam Using Frozen Washed Red Blood Cells - 1966-1973; Developments from This Experience

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-02-18

resuscitatioh of wounded servicemen in Vietnam. Results of the U. S. Navy field-testing of :.....’ the first generation frozen blood bank system in...Vietnam between 1966 and 10968 .ir.. have demonstrated the feasibility of a frozen blood bank system to supplement the liquid blood bank system deployed...treatment prior to freeze-preservation.1 he second generation integrated liquid-frozen blood bank system has been field-tested "rely tthebe.Eilet

The Army and Space: Historic Perspectives on Future Prospects.

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-06-06

of the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the dsgrecy MASTER OF MILITARY ART AND SCIENCE by...By__________ DDistribution/_ tAAvailnb’ility codes jAvail anId/oIr jDist Ispocial ýý 6R-tW rM.,W-MMM HO E ý- M WMM-7 MASTER OF MILITARY ART AND SCIENCE...PACU: HISTORICAL. PERSPECTIVES ON FUTURE PROSPECTS: An arialy .iy.s ,t thi. Ar ry’s early involvement in space to tind historical lessons to help guide

Increased expression of both insulin receptor substrates 1 and 2 confers increased sensitivity to IGF-1 stimulated cell migration.

PubMed

de Blaquière, Gail E; May, Felicity E B; Westley, Bruce R

2009-06-01

Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are thought to promote tumour progression and metastasis in part by stimulating cell migration. Insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and IRS-2 are multisite docking proteins positioned immediately downstream from the type I IGF and insulin receptors. IRS-2 but not IRS-1 has been reported to be involved in the migratory response of breast cancer cells to IGFs. The purpose of this investigation was to determine if IRS-1 is involved in, and to assess the contributions of IRS-1 and IRS-2 to, the migratory response of breast cancer cells to IGFs. The expression of IRS-1 and IRS-2 varied considerably between ten breast cancer cell lines. Oestrogen increases expression of the type I IGF receptor, IRS-1 and IRS-2 in MCF-7 and ZR-75 cells. Oestrogens may control the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to IGFs by regulating the expression of components of the IGF signal transduction pathway. The migratory response to a range of IGF-1 concentrations was measured in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells in which IRS-1 and IRS-2 levels were modulated using a doxycycline-inducible expression system. Induction of both IRS-1 and IRS-2 expression increased the sensitivity of the migratory response to IGF-1 but did not increase the magnitude of the response stimulated at higher concentrations of IGF-1. Knockdown of IRS-1, IRS-2 and the type I IGF receptor in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-2231 cells decreased sensitivity to IGF-1. We conclude that both IRS-1 and IRS-2 control the migratory response of breast cancer cells to IGF-1 and may, therefore, be key molecules in determining breast cancer spread.

A conformation-selective IR-UV study of the dipeptides Ac-Phe-Ser-NH2 and Ac-Phe-Cys-NH2: probing the SH···O and OH···O hydrogen bond interactions.

PubMed

Yan, Bin; Jaeqx, Sander; van der Zande, Wim J; Rijs, Anouk M

2014-06-14

The conformational preferences of peptides are mainly controlled by the stabilizing effect of intramolecular interactions. In peptides with polar side chains, not only the backbone but also the side chain interactions determine the resulting conformations. In this paper, the conformational preferences of the capped dipeptides Ac-Phe-Ser-NH2 (FS) and Ac-Phe-Cys-NH2 (FC) are resolved under laser-desorbed jet cooling conditions using IR-UV ion dip spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) quantum chemistry calculations. As serine (Ser) and cysteine (Cys) only differ in an OH (Ser) or SH (Cys) moiety; this subtle alteration allows us to study the effect of the difference in hydrogen bonding for an OH and SH group in detail, and its effect on the secondary structure. IR absorption spectra are recorded in the NH stretching region (3200-3600 cm(-1)). In combination with quantum chemical calculations the spectra provide a direct view of intramolecular interactions. Here, we show that both FS as FC share a singly γ-folded backbone conformation as the most stable conformer. The hydrogen bond strength of OH···O (FS) is stronger than that of SH···O (FC), resulting in a more compact gamma turn structure. A second conformer is found for FC, showing a β turn interaction.

Multiple pedestrian detection using IR LED stereo camera

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ling, Bo; Zeifman, Michael I.; Gibson, David R. P.

2007-09-01

As part of the U.S. Department of Transportations Intelligent Vehicle Initiative (IVI) program, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) is conducting R&D in vehicle safety and driver information systems. There is an increasing number of applications where pedestrian monitoring is of high importance. Visionbased pedestrian detection in outdoor scenes is still an open challenge. People dress in very different colors that sometimes blend with the background, wear hats or carry bags, and stand, walk and change directions unpredictably. The background is various, containing buildings, moving or parked cars, bicycles, street signs, signals, etc. Furthermore, existing pedestrian detection systems perform only during daytime, making it impossible to detect pedestrians at night. Under FHWA funding, we are developing a multi-pedestrian detection system using IR LED stereo camera. This system, without using any templates, detects the pedestrians through statistical pattern recognition utilizing 3D features extracted from the disparity map. A new IR LED stereo camera is being developed, which can help detect pedestrians during daytime and night time. Using the image differencing and denoising, we have also developed new methods to estimate the disparity map of pedestrians in near real time. Our system will have a hardware interface with the traffic controller through wireless communication. Once pedestrians are detected, traffic signals at the street intersections will change phases to alert the drivers of approaching vehicles. The initial test results using images collected at a street intersection show that our system can detect pedestrians in near real time.

Characterizing the UV-to-NIR shape of the dust attenuation curve of IR luminous galaxies up to z ˜ 2

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lo Faro, B.; Buat, V.; Roehlly, Y.; Alvarez-Marquez, J.; Burgarella, D.; Silva, L.; Efstathiou, A.

2017-12-01

In this work, we investigate the far-ultraviolet (UV) to near-infrared (NIR) shape of the dust attenuation curve of a sample of IR-selected dust obscured (ultra)luminous IR galaxies at z ∼ 2. The spectral energy distributions (SEDs) are fitted with Code Investigating GALaxy Emission, a physically motivated spectral-synthesis model based on energy balance. Its flexibility allows us to test a wide range of different analytical prescriptions for the dust attenuation curve, including the well-known Calzetti and Charlot & Fall curves, and modified versions of them. The attenuation curves computed under the assumption of our reference double power-law model are in very good agreement with those derived, in previous works, with radiative transfer (RT) SED fitting. We investigate the position of our galaxies in the IRX-β diagram and find this to be consistent with greyer slopes, on average, in the UV. We also find evidence for a flattening of the attenuation curve in the NIR with respect to more classical Calzetti-like recipes. This larger NIR attenuation yields larger derived stellar masses from SED fitting, by a median factor of ∼1.4 and up to a factor ∼10 for the most extreme cases. The star formation rate appears instead to be more dependent on the total amount of attenuation in the galaxy. Our analysis highlights the need for a flexible attenuation curve when reproducing the physical properties of a large variety of objects.

Neuroprotective Effect of Resveratrol on Acute Brain Ischemia Reperfusion Injury by Measuring Annexin V, p53, Bcl-2 Levels in Rats.

PubMed

Kizmazoglu, Ceren; Aydin, Hasan Emre; Sevin, Ismail Ertan; Kalemci, Orhan; Yüceer, Nurullah; Atasoy, Metin Ant

2015-12-01

Cerebral ischemia is as a result of insufficient cerebral blood flow for cerebral metabolic functions. Resveratrol is a natural phytoalexin that can be extracted from grape's skin and had potent role in treating the cerebral ischemia. Apoptosis, a genetically programmed cellular event which occurs after ischemia and leads to biochemical and morphological changes in cells. There are some useful markers for apoptosis like Bcl-2, bax, and p53. The last reports, researchers verify the apoptosis with early markers like Annexin V. We preferred in this experimental study a model of global cerebral infarction which was induced by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion method. Rats were randomly divided into 4 groups : sham, ischemia-reperfusion (I/R), I/R plus 20 mg/kg resveratrol and I/R plus 40 mg/kg resveratrol. Statistical analysis was performed using Sigmastat 3.5 ve IBM SPSS Statistics 20. We considered a result significant when p<0.001. After administration of resveratrol, Bcl-2 and Annexin levels were significantly increased (p<0.001). Depending on the dose of resveratrol, Bcl2 levels increased, p53 levels decreased but Annexin V did not effected. P53 levels were significantly increased in ishemia group, so apoptosis is higher compared to other groups. In the acute period, Annexin V levels misleading us because the apoptotic cell counts could not reach a certain level. Therefore we should support our results with bcl-2 and p53.

Testing a new analytical approach for determination of vibrational transition moment directions in low symmetry planar molecules: 1-D- and 2-D-naphthalene.

PubMed

Rogojerov, Marin; Keresztury, Gábor; Kamenova-Nacheva, Mariana; Sundius, Tom

2012-12-01

A new analytical approach for improving the precision in determination of vibrational transition moment directions of low symmetry molecules (lacking orthogonal axes) is discussed in this paper. The target molecules are partially uniaxially oriented in nematic liquid crystalline solvent and are studied by IR absorption spectroscopy using polarized light. The fundamental problem addressed is that IR linear dichroism measurements of low symmetry molecules alone cannot provide sufficient information on molecular orientation and transition moment directions. It is shown that computational prediction of these quantities can supply relevant complementary data, helping to reveal the hidden information content and achieve a more meaningful and more precise interpretation of the measured dichroic ratios. The combined experimental and theoretical/computational method proposed by us recently for determination of the average orientation of molecules with C(s) symmetry has now been replaced by a more precise analytical approach. The new method introduced and discussed in full detail here uses a mathematically evaluated angle between two vibrational transition moment vectors as a reference. The discussion also deals with error analysis and estimation of uncertainties of the orientational parameters. The proposed procedure has been tested in an analysis of the infrared linear dichroism (IR-LD) spectra of 1-D- and 2-D-naphthalene complemented with DFT calculations using the scaled quantum mechanical force field (SQM FF) method. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Directional satellite thermal IR measurements and modeling of a forest in winter and their relationship to air temperature

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Balick, Lee K.; Ballard, Jerrell R., Jr.; Smith, James A.; Goltz, Stewart M.

2002-01-01

Data assimilation methods applied to hydrologic models can incorporate spatially distributed maps of near surface temperature, especially if such measurements can be reliably inferred from satellite observations. Uncalibrated thermal IR imagery sometimes is scaled to temperature units to obtain such observations using the assumption that dense forest canopies are close to air temperature. For fully leafed deciduous forest canopies in the summer, this approximation is usually valid within 2C. In a leafless canopy, however, the materials views are thick boles and branches and the forest floor, which can store heat and yield significantly higher variations. Winter coniferous forests are intermediate with needles and branches being the predominant viewed materials. The US Dept of Energy's Multispectral Thermal Imager (MTI) is an experimental satellite with the capability to perform quantitative scene measurements in the reflective and thermal infrared region respectively. Its multispectral thermal IR capability enables quantitative surface temperature retrieval if pixel emissivity is known. MTI is pointable and targets multiple times in the winter and spring of 2001 at the Howland, Maine AmeriFlux research site operated by the University of Maine. Supporting meteorological and optical depth measurements also were made from three towers at the site. Directional thermal models of forest woody materials and needles are driver by the surface measurements and compared to satellite data to help evaluate the relationship between air temperature and satellite thermal measurements as a function of look angles, day and night.

Photometric and Spectroscopic Survey of the Cluster [DBS2003] 156 Associated with the H II Region G331.1-0.5

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pinheiro, M. C.; Ortiz, R.; Abraham, Z.; Copetti, M. V. F.

2016-05-01

The Norma section of the Milky Way is especially interesting because it crosses three spiral arms: Sagittarius-Carina, Scutum-Crux and the Norma arm itself. Distance determinations of embedded young stellar clusters can contribute to define the spiral structure in this part of the Galaxy. However, spectrophotometric distances were obtained for only a few of these clusters in Norma. We present a photometric and spectroscopic study in the NIR of the [DBS2003] 156 stellar cluster, associated with the H II region G331.1-0.5. We aim to find the ionizing sources of the H II region and determine its distance. The cluster was observed in the J, H, and {K}{{s}} bands and eight potential massive stars were chosen among the detected sources according to color criteria; subsequent spectroscopy of these candidates was performed with the Ohio State Infrared Imager/Spectrometer spectrograph attached to the Southern Observatory for Astrophysical Research 4.1 m telescope. We identified and classified spectroscopically four early-type stars: IRS 176 (O8 V), IRS 308 (O-type), IRS 310 (O6 V), and IRS 71 (B1 Iab). Based on the proximity of IRS 176 and 308 with the radio continuum emission peaks and their relative positions with respect to the warm dust mid-infrared emission, we concluded that these two stars are the main ionizing sources of the H ii region G331.1-0.5. The mean spectrophotometric distance of IRS 176 and 310 of 3.38 ± 0.58 kpc is similar to that obtained in a previous work for two early-type stars of the neighbor cluster [DBS2003] 157 of 3.29 ± 0.58 kpc. The narrow range of radial velocities of radio sources in the area of the clusters [DBS2003] 156 and 157 and their similar visual extinction indicate that these clusters are physically associated. A common distance of 3.34 ± 0.34 kpc is derived for the system [DBS2003] 156 and 157. Based on observations obtained at the Southern Observatory for Astrophysical Research (SOAR), a joint project of the Ministério de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (MCTI) of the República Federativa do Brasil, the U.S. National Optical Astronomy Observatory (NOAO), the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC) and the Michigan State University (MSU).

Histology Verification Demonstrates That Biospectroscopy Analysis of Cervical Cytology Identifies Underlying Disease More Accurately than Conventional Screening: Removing the Confounder of Discordance

PubMed Central

Gajjar, Ketan; Ahmadzai, Abdullah A.; Valasoulis, George; Trevisan, Júlio; Founta, Christina; Nasioutziki, Maria; Loufopoulos, Aristotelis; Kyrgiou, Maria; Stasinou, Sofia Melina; Karakitsos, Petros; Paraskevaidis, Evangelos; Da Gama-Rose, Bianca; Martin-Hirsch, Pierre L.; Martin, Francis L.

2014-01-01

Background Subjective visual assessment of cervical cytology is flawed, and this can manifest itself by inter- and intra-observer variability resulting ultimately in the degree of discordance in the grading categorisation of samples in screening vs. representative histology. Biospectroscopy methods have been suggested as sensor-based tools that can deliver objective assessments of cytology. However, studies to date have been apparently flawed by a corresponding lack of diagnostic efficiency when samples have previously been classed using cytology screening. This raises the question as to whether categorisation of cervical cytology based on imperfect conventional screening reduces the diagnostic accuracy of biospectroscopy approaches; are these latter methods more accurate and diagnose underlying disease? The purpose of this study was to compare the objective accuracy of infrared (IR) spectroscopy of cervical cytology samples using conventional cytology vs. histology-based categorisation. Methods Within a typical clinical setting, a total of n = 322 liquid-based cytology samples were collected immediately before biopsy. Of these, it was possible to acquire subsequent histology for n = 154. Cytology samples were categorised according to conventional screening methods and subsequently interrogated employing attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform IR (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. IR spectra were pre-processed and analysed using linear discriminant analysis. Dunn’s test was applied to identify the differences in spectra. Within the diagnostic categories, histology allowed us to determine the comparative efficiency of conventional screening vs. biospectroscopy to correctly identify either true atypia or underlying disease. Results Conventional cytology-based screening results in poor sensitivity and specificity. IR spectra derived from cervical cytology do not appear to discriminate in a diagnostic fashion when categories were based on conventional screening. Scores plots of IR spectra exhibit marked crossover of spectral points between different cytological categories. Although, significant differences between spectral bands in different categories are noted, crossover samples point to the potential for poor specificity and hampers the development of biospectroscopy as a diagnostic tool. However, when histology-based categories are used to conduct analyses, the scores plot of IR spectra exhibit markedly better segregation. Conclusions Histology demonstrates that ATR-FTIR spectroscopy of liquid-based cytology identifies the presence of underlying atypia or disease missed in conventional cytology screening. This study points to an urgent need for a future biospectroscopy study where categories are based on such histology. It will allow for the validation of this approach as a screening tool. PMID:24404130