[Uterine torsion in cattle: Treatment, risk of injury for the cow and prognosis for the calf].

PubMed

Klaus-Halla, Daniela; Mair, Bettina; Sauter-Louis, Carola; Zerbe, Holm

2018-06-01

In cows with uterine torsion, clinical parameters and different treatments were evaluated with regards to their success. The aim of the study was to investigate important factors for diagnosis and prognosis of uterine torsion and their consequences for treatment decisions. The study presents 114 cases of uterine torsion documented under field conditions. The cows were examined before retorsion of the uterus and immediately post partum. In cases of good maternal preparation for parturition, neonatal mortality was 14.9 %, while in cases of insufficient preparation, this rose to 58.3% (p= 0.006). When uterine torsion lasted > 12 hours, only 34.8 % of the calves survived, while in cases with a duration of ˂ 6 hours or 6-12 hours, 85.7 % and 92.2 % of the calves survived, respectively (p ˂ 0.001). In 82.5 % of the cases, intravaginal manual rotation of the fetus and uterus was performed, while in 17.5 % of the cases, cows were rolled by simultaneously fixating the uterus and fetus with a plank. No statistically significant differences were found between these two treatment types regarding neonatal mortality (4.7 % vs. 18.2 %; p = 0.139) or lacerations of the dam (31.9 % vs. 42.1 %; p = 0.391). A delayed extraction of the calf after successful retorsion and waiting for widening of the cervical canal is an option in cases of insufficient dilatation of the cervical canal, even when there is a significantly higher risk for lacerations of the dam (57.2 %) compared to an immediate extraction (26.8 %; p = 0.018). As the duration of manipulation increases, the extent of injury to the dam also increases significantly (p ˂ 0.001). The quality of maternal preparation for parturition in cows with uterine torsion can be used as a prognostic factor for calf survival. Under field conditions, most of the cases of uterine torsion can be successfully treated manually. An appropriate and indication-oriented use of the rolling method with the application of a plank can be recommended. In cases of uterine torsion, proper periparturient monitoring and early intervention are of crucial importance for the course of the disease and for the prognosis of the dam and offspring. Schattauer GmbH.

A Transperineal Approach to Hysterectomy of a Retained Didelphic Uterine Horn.

PubMed

Mullen, Mary M; Kuroki, Lindsay M; Hunt, Steven R; Ratkowski, Kristy L; Mutch, David G

2017-09-01

Gynecologic surgeries are performed through abdominal, vaginal, laparoscopic, or robot-assisted laparoscopic routes. However, if the pelvis is not accessible by one of these routes, there are no published reports to guide pelvic surgeons. A 34-year-old conjoined twin status postseparation with uterine didelphys and absence of her left colon and sacrum underwent hemihysterectomy, at which time her müllerian anomaly was unknown. She re-presented with vaginal bleeding and pain eventually attributed to a retained uterine horn. Conservative management failed. Given dense adhesions, traditional approaches to hysterectomy were not successful. She underwent a transperineal hemisupracervical hysterectomy. We propose a novel approach to the pelvis to guide surgeons when traditional approaches are not feasible. We also describe an instance of a retained uterine didelphys horn.

The effect of metritis and subclinical hypocalcemia on uterine involution in dairy cows evaluated by sonomicrometry

PubMed Central

HEPPELMANN, Maike; KRACH, Karoline; KRUEGER, Lars; BENZ, Philipp; HERZOG, Kathrin; PIECHOTTA, Marion; HOEDEMAKER, Martina; BOLLWEIN, Heinrich

2015-01-01

The objective of this study was to examine the effects of metritis and subclinical hypocalcemia on reduction of uterine size in dairy cows using ultrasonography and sonomicrometry. Four piezoelectric crystals were implanted via laparotomy into the myometrium of the pregnant uterine horn of 12 pluriparous Holstein Friesian cows 3 weeks before the calculated calving date. Sonometric measurements were conducted daily from 2 days before parturition (= Day 0) until Day 14 after calving and then every other day until Day 28. Distances between adjacent crystals were expressed in relation to reference values obtained before calving. The diameter of the formerly pregnant uterine horn was measured using transrectal B-Mode sonography starting on Day 10. Cows were retrospectively divided into the following groups: cows without metritis (M–; n = 7), cows with metritis (M+; n = 5), cows with normocalcemia (SH–; Ca > 2.0 mmol/l on Days 1 to 3; n = 5) and cows with subclinical hypocalcemia (SH+; Ca < 2.0 mmol/l in at least one sample between Days 1 and 3; n = 7). Metritis did not affect (P > 0.05) sonometric measurements, but the diameter of the formerly pregnant horn was larger (P ≤ 0.05) between Days 15 and 21 in M+ cows than in M‒ cows. Reduction in uterine length in hypocalcemic cows was delayed (P ≤ 0.05) between Days 8 and 21 compared with normocalcemic cows, but the uterine horn diameter was not related to calcium status. In conclusion, both diseases affected reduction of uterine size until Day 28. Cows with metritis had a larger uterine diameter, possibly attributable to accumulation of lochia, and cows with subclinical hypocalcemia had delayed reduction of uterine length, presumably related to reduction of myometrial contractility. PMID:26400127

Spasmolytic effect of Psidium guajava Linn. (Myrtaceae) leaf aqueous extract on rat isolated uterine horns.

PubMed

Chiwororo, Witness D H; Ojewole, John A O

2009-02-01

Globally, primary dysmenorrhoea is one of the most frequent gynaecological disorders in young women. It is associated with increased uterine tone, and exaggerated contractility of uterine smooth muscles. In many rural African communities, a number of medicinal plants, including Psidium guajava Linn. (family: Myrtaceae), are used traditionally for the management, control and/or treatment of primary dysmenorrhoea. The present study was, therefore, undertaken to examine the spasmolytic effect of Psidium guajava leaf aqueous extract (PGE) on isolated, spontaneously-contracting and oestrogen-dominated, quiescent uterine horns of healthy, young adult, female Wistar rats. Graded, escalated concentrations of PGE (0.5-4.0 mg/ml) produced concentration-dependent and significant inhibitions of the amplitude of spontaneous phasic contractions of the isolated rat uterine horn preparations. In a concentration-related manner, PGE also significantly inhibited or abolished contractions produced by acetylcholine (ACh, 0.5-8.0 microg/ml), oxytocin (0.5-4.0 microU), bradykinin (2.5-10 ng/ml), carbachol (CCh, 0.5-8.0 microg/ml) or potassium chloride (K+, 10-80 mM) in quiescent uterine horn preparations isolated from the oestrogen-dominated rats. The spasmolytic effect of PGE observed in the present study lends pharmacological support to the traditional use of ;guava' leaves in the management, control and/or treatment of primary dysmenorrhoea in some rural African communities.

Segmental aplasia of the uterine horn in a cat.

PubMed

Marcella, K L; Ramirez, M; Hammerslag, K L

1985-01-15

A 4.5-year-old female domestic longhair cat with a history of intermittent abdominal distention following estrus and infertility was admitted for routine vaccinations. Radiographs revealed 2 large blunt-ended tubular structures overlapping each other in the abdomen. Segmental aplasia of the right uterine horn was diagnosed following exploratory laparotomy and ovariohysterectomy.

Parallel distribution of sexes within left and right uterine horns in Holstein dairy cows: evidence that the effect of side of pregnancy on sex ratio could be breed-specific in cattle.

PubMed

Gharagozlou, F; Vojgani, M; Akbarinejad, V; Niasari-Naslaji, A; Hemmati, M; Youssefi, R

2013-11-30

Dissimilar distribution of male and female calves within left and right uterine horns has been observed in beef cows. A retrospective study was conducted to investigate the effect of side of pregnancy on secondary sex ratio in Holstein dairy cows. Data associated with sex of calves, side of pregnancy, sire, dam, parity number of dam, AI technician, season and year were retrieved from the database of a Holstein dairy farm. In total, data consisted of 6515 birth records from 3155 dams and 244 sires across years 2001-2010. Data were analyzed using logistic regression. There was no difference in proportion of male and female calves between left (52.9% and 47.1%, respectively) and right (53.2% and 46.8%, respectively) uterine horns (P>0.05). AI technician, year, season and parity of dam did not affect secondary sex ratio (P>0.05). Secondary sex ratio of left and right uterine horns, and consequently, overall secondary sex ratio (53.1%) were skewed toward males as compared with hypothetical secondary sex ratio of 50% (P<0.05). Incidence of right pregnancy (60.5%) was higher than hypothetical 50% incidence of right pregnancy. In conclusion, the present study revealed similar secondary sex ratio of calves between left and right uterine horns in Holstein dairy cows. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Angiogenesis in rat uterine cicatrix after injection of autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.

PubMed

Maiborodin, I V; Yakimova, N V; Matveyeva, V A; Pekarev, O G; Maiborodina, E I; Pekareva, E O

2011-04-01

Results of injection of autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells with transfected GFP gene into the rat uterine horn cicatrix were studied by light microscopy. Large groups of blood vessels with blood cells inside were seen after injection of autologous bone marrow cells into the cicatrix on the right horn, formed 2 months after its ligation; no groups of vessels of this kind were found in the cicatrix in the contralateral horn. Examination of unstained sections in reflected UV light showed sufficiently bright fluorescence in the endothelium and outer vascular membrane in the uterine horn cicatrix only on the side of injection. Hence, autologous mesenchymal stem cells injected into the cicatrix formed the blood vessels due to differentiation into endotheliocytes and pericytes. The expression of GFP gene not only in the vascular endothelium, but also in vascular outer membranes indicated that autologous mesenchymal stem cells differentiated in the endothelial and pericytic directions.

[Prelabour uterine torsion complicated by partial abruption and fetal death].

PubMed

Agar, N; Canis, M; Accoceberry, M; Bourdel, N; Lafaye, A-L; Gallot, D

2014-06-01

Uterine torsion is a rare obstetrical complication whose diagnosis remains challenging. We report a case of 180 degrees dextrogyre torsion at 36(+5) weeks of gestation complicated by partial abruption and in utero fetal death. Emergency cesarean section was performed through an unintentional posterior hysterotomy. Literature reports a few similar cases. Vertical hysterotomy should be advised in this context avoiding incision on lateral sides associated with increased risk of vascular or ureteral injury. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

[Uterine torsion in cattle--therapy and consequences for calf and cow].

PubMed

Erteld, E; Krohn, J; Dzhakupov, I T; Wehrend, A

2014-01-01

To summarize the available literature on the therapy of uterine torsion in cattle and the consequences for cow and calf. Analysis of the literature using electronic libraries (PubMed, Medline), German veterinary medical journals and obstetrical textbooks. The therapy includes the attempt to rotate the uterus back into its physiological position. Direct and indirect methods of retorsion are available and applied according to the case conditions. Subsequently, the extraction of the calf can be performed via vaginal delivery or caesarean section. The presence of uterine torsion always leads to dystocia. Following a successful retorsion, the time and degree of uterine torsion strongly influence the progress of the birth. The prognosis also depends on the aforementioned factors and varies between good to unsuccessful. The vitality of the calf displays great variation depending on the literature (14-90%), however, is generally greater under field than clinical conditions. Focussing on the puerperal development of the cow, all grades from mild irritations of the uterine involution to fatal complications occur. The influence on fertility depends on the progress of the birth and existing secondary complications. The risk for electrolyte disturbances is increased (approximately 50%) as is the risk of birth-associated injuries (approximately 20%). The incidence of placental retention varies widely between different authors (3-52%).

Small bowel volvulus due to torsion of pedunculated uterine leiomyoma: CT findings.

PubMed

Guglielmo, Nicola; Malgras, Brice; Place, Vinciane; Guerrache, Youcef; Pautrat, Karine; Pocard, Marc; Soyer, Philippe

Torsion of a uterine leiomyoma is a rare complication that can be life threatening because of ischemia or necrosis. This condition may also lead to gastrointestinal complications such as obstruction or, more rarely, small bowel volvulus. Its diagnosis is difficult and can be facilitated with the use of computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Treatment is based on emergency surgical resection of the twisted uterine leiomyoma and detorsion of the small bowel volvulus. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Effect of hydroxychloroquine and characterization of autophagy in a mouse model of endometriosis

PubMed Central

Ruiz, A; Rockfield, S; Taran, N; Haller, E; Engelman, R W; Flores, I; Panina-Bordignon, P; Nanjundan, M

2016-01-01

In endometriosis, the increased survival potential of shed endometrial cells (which normally undergo anoikis) is suggested to promote lesion development. One mechanism that may alter anoikis is autophagy. Using an autophagic flux inhibitor hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), we identified that it reduces the in vitro survival capacity of human endometriotic and endometrial T-HESC cells. We also identified that HCQ could decrease lesion numbers and disrupt lesion histopathology, as well as increase the levels of peritoneal macrophages and the IP-10 (10 kDa interferon-γ-induced protein) chemokine in a mouse model of endometriosis. We noted that RNA levels of a subset of autophagic markers were reduced in lesions relative to uterine horns from endometriosis-induced (untreated) mice. In addition, the RNA levels of autophagic markers were decreased in uterine horns of endometriosis-induced mice compared with those from controls. However, we noted that protein expression of LC3B (microtubule-associated protein 1 light-chain 3β; an autophagic marker) was increased in uterine horns of endometriosis-induced mice compared with uterine horns of controls. By immunohistochemical staining of a human endometriosis-focused tissue microarray, we observed LC3B expression predominantly in epithelial relative to stromal cells in both eutopic and ectopic endometria. Via transmission electron microscopy, cells from eutopic endometria of endometriosis-induced mice contained more lipid droplets (rather than autophagosomes) compared with uterine horns from controls. Collectively, our findings indicate that the autophagic pathway is dysregulated in both ectopic and eutopic endometrium in a murine model of endometriosis and that HCQ has potential as a therapeutic agent for women afflicted with endometriosis. PMID:26775710

Short communication: A reproductive tract scoring system to manage fertility in lactating dairy cows.

PubMed

Young, C D; Schrick, F N; Pohler, K G; Saxton, A M; Di Croce, F A; Roper, D A; Wilkerson, J B; Edwards, J L

2017-07-01

We developed a reproductive tract size and position score (SPS) system as a reproductive management tool to identify lactating dairy cows with decreased fertility. This system, relying solely on transrectal palpation, considers the size (cervical and uterine) and position of the reproductive tract relative to the pelvis. Cows undergoing pre-breeding exams were identified as having reproductive tracts that were small (SPS1), medium (SPS2), or large (SPS3). Cows designated SPS1 had small and compact uterine horns that rested within the pelvic cavity; SPS2 cows had reproductive tracts that were intermediate in cervical and uterine horn diameter, with longer uterine horns resting partially outside the pelvic cavity; and SPS3 cows had reproductive tracts that were larger and rested mostly outside the pelvic cavity. Cows that were SPS1 had a higher rate of pregnancy per artificial insemination (43.3 ± 3.7%) than cows that were SPS2 (36.9 ± 3.6%) or SPS3 (27.7 ± 4.3%). The percentage of cows with an SPS2 score differed in pregnancies per artificial insemination compared with SPS3 cows. The average days in milk was similar for SPS1, SPS2, and SPS3 cows (104.3 ± 3.5, 98.4 ± 3.4, and 94.7 ± 7.7, respectively). Ultrasound measurements of the uterine horn and cervical diameter, and length measurements of the uterine horns, cervix, and vagina confirmed differences among the SPS groups derived by transrectal palpation. The ease with which transrectal palpation can be used to determine the size and position of the reproductive tract attests to the relevance and usefulness of this scoring system to identify less fertile lactating dairy cows. The ability to do so with ease provides an opportunity to make economically relevant management decisions and maximize reproductive efficiency in a given herd. Copyright © 2017 American Dairy Science Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Acute abdomen due to ovarian congestion caused by coiling of the fallopian tube accompanied by paratubal cyst around the utero-ovarian ligament.

PubMed

Kim, Juyoung; Park, Daehyun; Han, Won Bo; Jeong, Hyangjin; Park, Youngse

2014-07-01

Torsion of uterine adnexa is an important cause of acute abdominal pain in females. The main organ which can cause torsion is the ovaries, but torsions of the fallopian tube, subserosal myoma, paratubal cyst, and even the uterine body have been reported. The incidence of isolated fallopian tubal torsion is very rare. Even more rarely, it can coil around nearby organs such as the utero-ovarian ligament, showing similar clinical manifestations with those of adnexal torsion. We experienced an extremely rare case of acute abdomen induced by ovarian congestion triggered by the fallopian tube accompanying a paratubal cyst coiling around the utero-ovarian ligament. The right paratubal cyst was misinterpreted as being part of a cystic component of the left ovary on preoperative sonographic examination, and the coiling of the right fallopian tube accompanying the paratubal cyst was misdiagnosed as torsion of the right ovary. We report this rare case with a brief literature review.

Acute abdomen due to ovarian congestion caused by coiling of the fallopian tube accompanied by paratubal cyst around the utero-ovarian ligament

PubMed Central

Kim, Juyoung; Park, Daehyun; Han, Won Bo; Jeong, Hyangjin

2014-01-01

Torsion of uterine adnexa is an important cause of acute abdominal pain in females. The main organ which can cause torsion is the ovaries, but torsions of the fallopian tube, subserosal myoma, paratubal cyst, and even the uterine body have been reported. The incidence of isolated fallopian tubal torsion is very rare. Even more rarely, it can coil around nearby organs such as the utero-ovarian ligament, showing similar clinical manifestations with those of adnexal torsion. We experienced an extremely rare case of acute abdomen induced by ovarian congestion triggered by the fallopian tube accompanying a paratubal cyst coiling around the utero-ovarian ligament. The right paratubal cyst was misinterpreted as being part of a cystic component of the left ovary on preoperative sonographic examination, and the coiling of the right fallopian tube accompanying the paratubal cyst was misdiagnosed as torsion of the right ovary. We report this rare case with a brief literature review. PMID:25105111

[Experimental validation of the efficacy of laser-magnetic therapy for chronic placental insufficiency].

PubMed

Ordzhonikidze, N V; Filimonov, V G; Klimenko, P A; Kondrikov, N I; Akin'shina, V S; Berlin, Iu V

1994-01-01

A new pathogenetically based non-medicamentous method for correction of uteroplacental bloodflow disturbances has been developed on the model of chronic placental insufficiency in rats. A single 5 min laser-magnetic exposure on day 21 of normal pregnancy resulted in a vasodilating effect with reduction of the peripheral resistance in the uterine horn vessels and with improvement of their blood supply. A new LAMA laser magneto-therapeutic device was employed. Daily 5 min sessions of laser magnetic therapy administered to rats with chronic placental insufficiency from pregnancy days 15-16 to 21 normalized uterine horn contractility and resulted in positive morphofunctional changes in the components of the uterine horns and placenta, being associated with a noticeable improvement of fetal functions. Hence, laser magnetic therapy may be regarded as an effective non-drug method for therapy of chronic placental insufficiency.

Uterine malignant mixed Müllerian tumor (Metaplasic carcinoma) in the cat: clinicopathologic features and proliferation indices.

PubMed

Nicòtina, P A; Zanghì, A; Catone, G

2002-01-01

A homologous malignant mixed Müllerian tumor of the uterus occurring in an 8-year-old Persian cat was described with regard to its clinical and pathologic features. A polypoid multinodular mass of the right uterine horn was shown by an ultrasound examination. Grossly, the right uterine horn was enlarged because of a vegetative and infiltrating tumor, grayish-white in color, that penetrated the uterine wall to the level of the perimetrium. Many metastatic nodules were found in abdominal and thoracic cavities. Histologically, the neoplasm had both carcinomatous and sarcomatous components and was diagnosed as an uterine malignant mixed Müllerian tumor. This is the fourth case reported in cats. The histologic features and proliferation rate of this tumor were similar to the corresponding human neoplasms, which occur mainly in postmenopausal women. The possible hormone dependence of the tumor is briefly discussed.

Distribution of spermatozoa and embryos in the female reproductive tract after unilateral deep intra uterine insemination in the pig.

PubMed

Tummaruk, P; Sumransap, P; Techakumphu, M; Kunavongkrit, A

2007-12-01

The present study was performed to investigate the number of either the spermatozoa or the embryos in the reproductive tracts of sows after unilateral, deep, intra uterine insemination (DIUI). Two experiments were conducted, 10 sows were used in experiment I and eight sows were used in experiment II. Transrectal ultrasonography was used to examine the time when ovulation took place in relation to oestrus behaviour. The sows were inseminated with a single dose of diluted fresh semen 6-8 h prior to expected ovulation, during the second oestrus after weaning. In experimental I, five sows were inseminated by a conventional artificial insemination (AI) technique using 100 ml of diluted fresh semen, containing 3000 x 10(6) motile spermatozoa and five sows were inseminated by the DIUI technique with 5 ml of diluted fresh semen, containing 150 x 10(6) motile spermatozoa. The sows were anesthetized and ovario-hysterectomized approximately 24 h after insemination. The oviducts and the uterine horns on each side of the reproductive tracts were divided into seven segments, namely ampulla, cranial isthmus, caudal isthmus, utero-tubal junction (UTJ), cranial uterine horn, middle uterine horn and caudal uterine horn. Each segment of the reproductive tracts was flushed with Beltsville thawing solution (BTS) through the lumen. The total number of spermatozoa in the flushing from each segment were determined. In experimental II, eight sows were inseminated by the DIUI technique using 5.0 ml diluted fresh semen containing 150 x 10(6) motile spermatozoa. The sows were anesthetized 61.1 +/- 12 h after insemination (48-72 h) and the embryos were flushed from the oviduct through the proximal part of the uterine horn. It was revealed that, in experimental I, the spermatozoa were recovered from both sides of the reproductive tract in the AI-group, and from unilateral side of the reproductive tract in the DIUI-group (three sows from the left and two sows from the right sides). The number of spermatozoa recovered from the reproductive tracts was higher in the AI- than the DIUI-group (p < 0.001). In experiment II, fertilization occurred in five of eight sows (62.5%) after DIUI. The number of ova that ovulated were 16.4 +/- 2.6 per sow and the embryos numbering 11.4 +/- 2.3 per sow were recovered from both sides of the reproductive tract. In conclusion, the spermatozoa given by DIUI could be recovered from only one side of the reproductive tract of sows at approximately 24 h after DIUI via the flushing technique. However, embryos were found in both sides of the oviducts and the proximal part of the uterine horns 48-72 h after insemination, indicating that the fertilization occurred in both sides of the oviducts.

Regulation of immune cells in the uterus during pregnancy in ruminants.

PubMed

Hansen, P J

2007-03-01

Pregnancy results in a change in number and function of immune cells in utero that potentially affects fetal survival and uterine defense mechanisms postpartum. These changes are driven by local signals from the conceptus as well as from hormonal changes mediated by the placenta or maternal system. In sheep, for example, macrophages accumulate in the uterine endometrium during pregnancy (Tekin and Hansen, 2004). Use of a unilaterally pregnant model, in which pregnancy is surgically confined to 1 uterine horn, has revealed that accumulation of macrophages is due to systemic signals (numbers of cells in the nonpregnant uterine horn of the unilaterally pregnant ewe higher than amounts in uteri of nonpregnant ewes) and locally produced signals (number of cells in the uterus of unilaterally ligated ewes higher in the pregnant horn than in the nonpregnant horn; Tekin and Hansen, 2004). Gamma-delta T cells also accumulate in uterine epithelium during pregnancy as a result of unidentified systemic signals (Lee et al., 1992; Majewski et al., 2001). These cells may participate in growth of the conceptus, immunosuppression, or placental detachment at parturition. One of the key regulators of uterine immune function is progesterone. In sheep, progesterone can block tissue graft rejection in utero when injected to achieve concentrations too low to directly inhibit lymphocyte proliferation (Majewski and Hansen, 2002; Padua et al., 2005). Progesterone probably inhibits uterine immune responses in sheep indirectly by inducing secretion of a member of the serine proteinase inhibitor family called uterine serpin from the endometrial epithelium. Uterine serpin can block lymphocyte proliferation in vitro in sheep (Peltier et al., 2000) and natural killer cell-mediated abortion in vivo in mice (Liu and Hansen, 1993). Uterine serpin is also present in cattle, goats, and pigs, but its role in immune function in these species has not been documented. The relevance of changes in uterine immune function to the reproductive and immune status of ruminants has not been fully established. There is evidence for immunological causes of pregnancy loss associated with cloned fetuses (Hill et al., 2002) and with mastitis (Hansen et al., 2004), but it is not known whether inappropriate recognition of alloantigens on the conceptus is an important cause of pregnancy loss. It is also possible that downregulation of uterine immune function during pregnancy can lead to a postpartum uterus with a compromised capacity for preventing establishment of infectious disease. Thus, optimal immune function in utero requires a balance between the need to maintain effective immune surveillance and effector mechanisms with the requirement that immunological responses leading to conceptus demise are minimized.

Case of pregnancy in two cows with unicorn horn of the uterus either by artificial insemination at ipsilateral or embryo transfer at contralateral corpus luteum in the ovary.

PubMed

Moriyama, C; Kobayashi, I; Tani, M; Oishi, T; Kajisa, M; Horii, Y; Kamimura, S

2008-06-01

Two Holstein heifers and a cow were diagnosed with White Heifer Disease by ultrasonography. Case 1 was a 14 month-old heifer with aplasia of both sides of the uterine horn. In case 2, a primiparous cow and case 3, an 18 month-old heifer, both showed aplasia of the right uterine horn. Case 2 became pregnant by artificial insemination at ipsilateral ovulatory follicle and corpus luteum in the left ovary, while case 3 became pregnant by embryo transfer at 7 days after oestrus with contralateral corpus luteum in the right ovary.

Acetaldehyde Content and Oxidative Stress in the Deleterious Effects of Alcohol Drinking on Rat Uterine Horn

PubMed Central

Buthet, Lara Romina; Maciel, María Eugenia; Quintans, Leandro Néstor; Rodríguez de Castro, Carmen; Costantini, Martín Hernán; Castro, José Alberto

2013-01-01

After alcohol exposure through a standard Lieber and De Carli diet for 28 days, a severe atrophy in the rat uteirne horn was observed, accompanied by significant alterations in its epithelial cells. Microsomal pathway of acetaldehyde production was slightly increased. Hydroxyl radicals were detected in the cytosolic fraction, and this was attributed to participation of xanthine oxidoreductase. They were also observed in the microsomal fraction in the presence of NADPH generating system. No generation of 1-hydroxyethyl was evidenced. The t-butylhydroperoxide-induced chemiluminescence analysis of uterine horn homogenates revealed a significant increase in the chemiluminiscence emission due to ethanol exposure. In the animals repeatedly exposed to alcohol, sulfhydryl content from uterine horn proteins was decreased, but no significant changes were observed in the protein carbonyl content from the same samples. Minor but significant decreasing changes were observed in the GSH content accompanied by a tendency to decrease in the GSH/GSSG ratio. A highly significant finding was the diminished activity content of glutathione peroxidase. Results suggest that acetaldehyde accumulation plus the oxidative stress may play an additional effect to the alcohol-promoted hormonal changes in the uterus reported by others after chronic exposure to alcohol. PMID:24348548

Influence of cornual insemination on conception in dairy cattle.

PubMed

Senger, P L; Becker, W C; Davidge, S T; Hillers, J K; Reeves, J J

1988-11-01

The objective of this study was to compare conception to artificial insemination (AI) services in dairy cattle when semen was deposited into the uterine body or into both uterine horns (cornual insemination). Nine herdsman inseminators (HI) in four commercial dairy herds in Washington constituted the experimental units. Herds ranged in size from 393 cows to 964 cows. The duration of the experiment was 12 mo in three herds and 18 mo in the fourth herd. At the beginning of the experiment all inseminators were trained to deposit semen in the body of the uterus. Inseminators were instructed to use this method for 6 mo. Following employment of body deposition, the same inseminators were retrained to deposit one-half of the semen into the right uterine horn and one-half into the left uterine horn. Cornual inseminations were performed for 6 mo. A total of 4,178 services constituted the data set. Milk samples were collected from cows on the day of insemination and later were assayed for progesterone (P4). There was variation (P less than .01) in conception associated with month of insemination and insemination method (P less than .001). The monthly variation was not associated with season of the year. Least squares means for conception when semen was deposited in the uterine body was 44.7%, compared with 64.6% when cornual insemination was employed. The insemination treatment X inseminator interaction was not significant. Results suggest that cornual insemination provides an alternative to deposition of semen in the uterine body.

Effect of number of pig embryos in the uterus on their survival and development and on maternal metabolism.

PubMed

Père, M C; Dourmad, J Y; Etienne, M

1997-05-01

The effects of pig embryo number on fetal survival and growth and maternal metabolism were evaluated with 114 Large White gilts. Gilts were assigned at 38 kg to three treatments: control (CTR), ligature of the left oviduct (LIG), or right hemi-hysteroovariectomy (HHO). Insemination occurred at 311 +/- 18 d of age. A laparotomy was performed at d 35 of gestation, and gilts were slaughtered at d 112. Ovulation rate per uterine horn was 4.30, 8.70, and 17.12 in the LIG, CTR, and HHO groups, respectively. The hierarchy was the same for litter size at d 35 of gestation, but the relative differences were reduced (3.24, 5.98, and 8.40 fetuses/uterine horn, respectively). Litter size per uterine horn was similar in the CTR and HHO groups at d 112 of pregnancy (2.93, 4.69, and 4.76 fetuses in the LIG, CTR, and HHO groups, respectively). Early (before d 35 of gestation), late, and total fetal mortality increased with embryo potential per uterine horn. There was a compensation between early and late fetal mortality in the CTR and HHO groups. Fetal weight at d 112 was related to litter size in early pregnancy (1.50, 1.38, and 1.27 kg in the LIG, CTR, and HHO groups, respectively). Uterine capacity limits litter size and fetal development, even in sows with a conventional potential of embryos. Availability of energetic and gluconeogenic substrates was higher at 110 than at 60 d of gestation in the three groups. Blood substrate levels suggested that lipid mobilization and glucose uptake were higher in the gilts with a larger litter weight.

Adenomyosis with severe inflammation in the uterine cervix in a dog

PubMed Central

2005-01-01

Abstract A dog with purulent vulval discharge was found to have many cysts containing purulent mucus in the uterine cervix. The uterine horns did not contain any pus. Histological examination revealed a cervical adenomyosis infiltrated by many neutrophils. After an ovariohysterectomy including the whole cervix, the dog recovered well. PMID:15943119

Air bubble location inside the uterus after transfer: is the embryo really there?

PubMed

Soares, Sérgio Reis; Godinho, Catarina; Nunes, Sofia; Pellicer, António

2008-08-01

To demonstrate that the location of the air bubble after embryo transfer (ET) does not necessarily indicate the final embryo location. Case report. Private clinic. A couple with primary infertility for whom a diagnosis of bicornuate uterus with a very open angle between horns was confirmed. Laparoscopy and hysteroscopy were performed before an IVF cycle in which a single embryo was replaced. Air bubble image immediately after ET and gestational sac location 3 weeks later. Immediately after a single ET, the air bubble was seen in the left uterine horn. Three weeks later, a gestational sac was seen in the right uterine horn. The location of the air bubble immediately after ET does not necessarily indicate the final embryo location.

Elements of functional genital asymmetry in the cow.

PubMed

Trigal, B; Díez, C; Muñoz, M; Caamaño, J N; Goyache, F; Correia-Alvarez, E; Corrales, F J; Mora, M I; Carrocera, S; Martin, D; Gómez, E

2014-01-01

Asymmetry in the cow affects ovarian function and pregnancy. In this work we studied ovarian and uterine asymmetry. Synchronised animals, in which in vitro-produced embryos (n=30-60) had been transferred on Day 5 to the uterine horn ipsilateral to the corpus luteum (CL), were flushed on Day 8. Ovulatory follicle diameter, oestrus response and total protein flushed did not differ between sides. However, a corpus luteum in the right ovary led to plasma progesterone concentrations that were higher than when it was present in the left ovary. Fewer embryos were recovered from the left than the right horn. Among 60 uterine proteins identified by difference gel electrophoresis, relative abundance of nine (acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, very long chain; twinfilin, actin-binding protein, homologue 1; enolase 1; pyruvate kinase isozymes M1/M2 (rabbit); complement factor B Bb fragment ; albumin; fibrinogen gamma-B chain; and ezrin differed (P<0.05) between horns. Glucose concentration was higher, and fructose concentration lower, in the left horn. In a subsequent field trial, pregnancy rates after embryo transfer did not differ between horns (51.0±3.6, right vs 53.2±4.7, left). However, Day 7 blood progesterone concentrations differed (P=0.018) between pregnant and open animals in the left (15.9±1.7 vs 8.3±1.2) but not in the right horn (12.4±1.3 vs 12.4±1.2). Progesterone effects were independent of CL quality (P=0.55). Bilateral genital tract asymmetry in the cow affects progesterone, proteins and hexoses without altering pregnancy rates.

Absolute flux measurements for swift atoms

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fink, M.; Kohl, D. A.; Keto, J. W.; Antoniewicz, P.

1987-01-01

While a torsion balance in vacuum can easily measure the momentum transfer from a gas beam impinging on a surface attached to the balance, this measurement depends on the accommodation coefficients of the atoms with the surface and the distribution of the recoil. A torsion balance is described for making absolute flux measurements independent of recoil effects. The torsion balance is a conventional taut suspension wire design and the Young modulus of the wire determines the relationship between the displacement and the applied torque. A compensating magnetic field is applied to maintain zero displacement and provide critical damping. The unique feature is to couple the impinging gas beam to the torsion balance via a Wood's horn, i.e., a thin wall tube with a gradual 90 deg bend. Just as light is trapped in a Wood's horn by specular reflection from the curved surfaces, the gas beam diffuses through the tube. Instead of trapping the beam, the end of the tube is open so that the atoms exit the tube at 90 deg to their original direction. Therefore, all of the forward momentum of the gas beam is transferred to the torsion balance independent of the angle of reflection from the surfaces inside the tube.

Congenital or torsion-induced absence of Fallopian tubes. Two case reports.

PubMed

Paternoster, D M; Costantini, W; Uglietti, A; Vasile, C; Bocconi, L

1998-05-01

Unilateral absence of a uterine tube is an extremely rare finding, for which there are two possible etiopathogenic causes: in some cases it is due to haemorrhage filling of the cavity and its reabsorption as a result of asymptomatic torsion of the uterine tube during adult life, in pediatric age or even during intrauterine life; alternatively, the absence may be congenital, associated with developmental alterations of the mesonephric and paramesonephric ducts. The article presents two cases of fallopian tube absence: a congenital monolateral absence and a tubal torsion during pregnancy. The symptomatology of the torsion of the fallopian tube in pregnancy can be milder than in the classic description with peritoneal reaction and severe clinical alteration. The main risk factors for tubal torsion are: adhesions and inflammatory processes, ovarian cysts, usually of dermoid type, menstrual period, pregnancy, abnormal long mesosalpinx and/or mesovarium, pelvic congestion induced by constipation and disturbed venous blood flow from the adnexa. A congenital defect of the mesonephric duct is followed by a homolateral defect of the paramesonephric duct. The resulting anomaly is characterized by the absence of the uterine tube, uterus-tube angle, kidney and ureter. Partial or total unilateral defects of a paramesonephric duct are more common than aplasia of both ducts. Some authors have suggested that an inadequate blood supply during the descent into the pelvis of the caudal part of the paramesonephric duct might feasibly lead to incomplete tube development.

Chronology of early embryonic development and embryo uterine migration in alpacas.

PubMed

Picha, Y; Tibary, A; Memon, M; Kasimanickam, R; Sumar, J

2013-03-01

The objectives were to: (1) describe the chronology of early embryonic development from ovulation to entry into the uterus; and (2) to determine the timing of embryo migration to the left uterine horn when ovulation occurred from the right ovary. The experiment was conducted in Peru. Females (n = 132) were randomly assigned to 15 experimental groups. All females were mated to an intact male, given 50 μg GnRH im (Cystorelin) and ovulation time determined by transrectal ultrasonography, conducted every 6 hours, starting 24 hours postmating. Animals were slaughtered at a specific intervals postovulation and reproductive tracts were recovered and subjected to oviductal and uterine flushing for females slaughtered between 1 and 6 days postovulation (dpo; Day 0 = ovulation) and uterine flushing for females slaughtered from 7 to 15 dpo for recovery of oocytes/embryos. Season of mating did not influence the interval from mating to ovulation (winter: 29 ± 6 hours vs. summer: 30 ± 6 hours; P = 0.49). Ovulation rates for females mated during winter and summer were 92% versus 100%, respectively (P = 0.05). Fertilization rates for winter and summer mated females were 72% and 82% (P = 0.29). Unfertilized ova were not retained in the uterine tube. All embryos collected were in the uterine tube ipsilateral to the side of ovulation between 1 and 5 dpo. Embryos reached the uterus on 6 dpo. Embryos began to elongate on 9 dpo; at this time, 83% of embryos derived from right-ovary ovulations were collected from the left uterine horn. Embryos occupied the entire uterine cavity by 10 dpo. In conclusion, we characterized early embryo development and location of embryo during its early developmental stages in alpaca. This was apparently the first report regarding chronology of embryo development and migration to the left horn in alpaca which merits further investigation regarding its role in maternal recognition of pregnancy. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Peculiarities of the Inflammatory Process in the Reproductive Organs of C57Bl/6 Female Mice with Experimental Tuberculosis.

PubMed

Sukhikh, G T; Kayukova, S I; Bocharova, I V; Donnikov, A E; Lepekha, L N; Demikhova, O V; Uvarova, E V; Berezovskii, Yu S; Smirnova, T G

2016-04-01

Intravenous infection of C57Bl/6 female mice with M. tuberculosis H37Rv led to involvement of the lungs and dissemination of the tuberculous infection to the abdominal and pelvic organs. M. tuberculosis were detected in the lungs and spleen in 14, 35, and 90 days and in the uterine horns in 90 days after infection. Morphological analysis of organs showed successive development of exudative necrotic tuberculosis of the lungs, acute and chronic nonspecific inflammation in the reproductive organs (vagina, uterus, and uterine horns). The inflammatory process in the reproductive organs was associated with the development of anaerobic dysbiosis, that was most pronounced in 35 days after infection. Antituberculous therapy was followed by reduction of M. tuberculosis count in the lungs and spleen in 60 and 90 days after infection, eliminatation of M. tuberculosis in the uterine horns, arrest of nonspecific inflammation in female reproductive organs, recovery of the balance between aerobic and anaerobic microflora, and development of candidiasis of the urogenital mucosa.

Intrauterine air impairs embryonic postimplantation development in mice.

PubMed

Liu, Ruonan; Li, Yimeng; Miao, Yanping; Wei, Yanhui; Guan, Mo; Zhou, Rongyan; Li, Xiangyun

2017-12-01

Although most embryologists load air bubbles into the catheter along with embryos during embryo transfer, the effects of these air bubbles on embryo transfer success rate are not clear. Air bubbles were nonsurgically injected into unilateral uterine horns of mice to demonstrate the negative effects of intrauterine air bubbles on embryonic development. Our data showed that when air bubbles are nonsurgically injected into unilateral uterine horns of pregnant 4days mice the litter size is significantly decreased. Four days after the introduction of air, abnormal decidua and dead conceptuses were detected in the uterine horns receiving the air bubbles. In addition, intrauterine air also significantly impaired murine embryo transfer success rates, and induced an increase in endometrial capillary permeability and decidualization in mice on day 4 of pseudopregnancy. These results strongly indicated that the air bubbles loaded into embryo transfer catheters to bracket the embryo-containing medium may have negative effect on embryonic implantation and development. Intrauterine air impaired murine embryonic postimplantation development, and this provided some clues for improving embryo transfer techniques in human. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

[Rudimentary horn pregnancy diagnostic: difficulties and therapeutic management].

PubMed

Mamouni, Nisrine; Ghazal, Nabil; Erraghay, Sanaa; Bouchikhi, Chahrazed; Banani, Abdelaziz

2016-01-01

The occurrence of rudimentary horn pregnancy is an extremely rare and potentially serious obstetric entity, threatening maternal and fetal outcome. The authors report five cases of rudimentary horn pregnancy, the difficulties in making a proper diagnosis and the therapeutic management of this pathological entity, stressing the importance of transvaginal ultrasound, of pelvic MRI and laparoscopy in the early diagnosis of this type of uterine malformation.

Maternal recognition of pregnancy and implantation are not associated with an interferon response of the endometrium to the presence of the conceptus in dromedary camel.

PubMed

Abdoon, Ahmed Sabry; Giraud-Delville, Corrine; Kandil, Omaima Mohamed; Kerboeuf-Giraud, Annelye; Eozénou, Caroline; Carvalho, Anais Vitorino; Julian, Skidmore; Sandra, Olivier

2017-03-01

Maternal recognition of pregnancy (MRP) and implantation involve appropriate interactions between the elongating conceptus and the receptive endometrium that will condition development of the feto-placental unit to term. Molecular mechanisms that take place at the conceptus-endometrium interface during early pregnancy have been extensively investigated in domestic ungulates but they are still poorly understood in camelids including the dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius), a domestic species with important economic and social roles in arid and semi-arid areas. In order to better understand how MRP and implantation take place in the left horn of this species, we investigated expression levels of genes encoding steroid hormones (PGR, ESR1), transcription factors (STAT1, FOXL2), interferon stimulated genes (MX1, MX2, OAS1, RSAD2) including SOCS genes (SOCS1, SOCS2, SOCS3 and CISH), previously identified as conceptus regulated genes in the endometrium of other domestic animals. Using endometrial tissue collected from left and right uterine horns of dromedary camel females that were non pregnant or early pregnant, gene expression of these genes was detected and our results provided first insights on their regulation, showing that (i) conceptus implantation is not associated with an IFN response in the pregnant uterine horn (ii) when regulation of classical interferon-stimulated genes (ISG) occurs, it takes place during the formation of the feto-placental unit, and (iii) gene expression can differ between the left and right uterine horns during implantation and early placentation phase. Additional experiments will be required in dromedary camels to understand the unusual regulation of ISG during implantation as well as to determine the molecular processes that drive the systematic implantation of the elongating conceptus in the left uterine horn. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Intrauterine position as a predictor of postnatal growth and survival in the rabbit.

PubMed

Bautista, Amando; Rödel, Heiko G; Monclús, Raquel; Juárez-Romero, Margarita; Cruz-Sánchez, Eliseo; Martínez-Gómez, Margarita; Hudson, Robyn

2015-01-01

In mammals, body mass at birth is an important predictor of early postnatal growth and survival. Within litters, heavier young are more successful in competing for limited resources and show higher rates of growth and survival than their lighter sibs. In the present study, we investigated the contribution of two aspects of the intrauterine environment to within-litter differences in birth mass, growth and survival in the rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus): implantation site along the uterine horns and number of adjacent male fetuses. We used unilaterally ovariectomized mothers in order to infer relative sites of implantation from the birth order of pups from the single functional uterine horn. Pups from the extremities of the horn were significantly heavier at birth and weaning than their siblings from more central positions and had a higher probability of survival. The effect on body mass was still apparent 3 weeks after weaning in pups that had occupied positions at the ovarian end of the horn. The number of adjacent male fetuses did not affect individuals' growth or survival, and there were no differences between females and males. There were also no significant interactions between the different variables considered, indicating that the effects of implantation site on individuals' birth mass, growth and survival relative to littermates were independent of number of male neighbors, sex or litter size. Our study clearly demonstrates that in the rabbit, the site of implantation along the uterine horns is a major contributor to individual differences among littermates in early postnatal growth and survival. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Histomorphometry and Protein Expression From the Ovary and Uterine Horns of Wistar Strain Albino Rats Treated with Methanol Leave Extract of Parquetina Nigrescens.

PubMed

Akinjiola, Akinwale Modupe; Ajala, Oluwatoyin Oluwasola; Aina, Oluwasanmi Olayinka; Oyebanji, Victor Olawale; Olukunle, Johnny Olufemi

2018-06-26

The effects of methanol extract of Parquetina nigrescens were studied on histomorphometry and protein expression (SDS-PAGE) from the ovaries and uteri of wistar rats. 30 sexually matured rats were used for the study with 10 each in the control and treatment 100 mgkg -1 and 400 mgkg -1 groups. The extract was orally administered for 14 days. Histological sections of tissues collected presented no abnormalities. An increase in the number of developing and matured follicles were observed during the study in the treated groups compared to the control in the follicular and the luteal phases. The corpora lutea in the treated groups were fewer in number to that of the control in the follicular phase and in the luteal phase. Sections of the uterine horns showed significant narrowing in the lumen diameter and increases in epithelial height with increased laydown of the lamina propria in the treated groups. The expression of protein bands fractionated during the study, confirm the presence of proteins expressed repeatedly from the ovary and uterine horns in the follicular and luteal phases at the 70 kDa and 63 kDa regions. The study concluded that the methanol extract of the plant increased folliculogenesis on the ovary, secretory activity in the nuclei of the epithelium and the fibroplasia of the lamina propria while narrowing the lumen of the uterine horns which are similar to the effects of oestrogen or oestrogen-like substances on these reproductive organs and may have an effect on the abundance of protein expressed in the follicular phase. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

Ovarian torsion: diagnostic features on CT and MRI with pathologic correlation.

PubMed

Duigenan, Shauna; Oliva, Esther; Lee, Susanna I

2012-02-01

The CT and MRI features of ovarian torsion are illustrated with gross pathologic correlation. Ovarian enlargement with or without an underlying mass is the finding most frequently associated with torsion, but it is nonspecific. A twisted pedicle, although not often detected on imaging, is pathognomonic when seen. Subacute ovarian hemorrhage and abnormal enhancement is usually seen, and both features show characteristic patterns on CT and MRI. Ipsilateral uterine deviation can also be seen. Diagnostic pitfalls that may mimic ovarian torsion and observations for discriminating them are discussed.

Minimum number of spermatozoa required for normal fertility after deep intrauterine insemination in non-sedated sows.

PubMed

Martinez, E A; Vazquez, J M; Roca, J; Lucas, X; Gil, M A; Parrilla, I; Vazquez, J L; Day, B N

2002-01-01

A fibreoptic endoscope procedure for non-surgical deep intrauterine insemination in non-sedated sows has been reported. However, the endoscope is an expensive and fragile instrument, and is unsuitable for use under field conditions. The aim of this study was to determine the minimum number of spermatozoa required to maintain optimal fertility using a flexible catheter (1.8 m in length, 4 mm in diameter) for deep intrauterine insemination in 2-6 parity non-sedated sows. Crossbred sows were treated with eCG 24 h after weaning and with hCG 72 h later to induce oestrus. Deep intrauterine insemination was performed 36 h after hCG treatment in 117, 126, 60 and 69 sows with 15.0, 5.0, 2.5 or 1.0 x 10(7) spermatozoa in 10 ml, respectively. Weaned sows (n = 147) not treated with hormones and used for standard artificial insemination (AI) (two inseminations per oestrus with 3 x 10(9) spermatozoa in 100 ml) served as controls. The flexible catheter was passed successfully through the cervix into one uterine horn in 95.4% of the sows in an average of 3.7 +/- 0.09 min. Farrowing rates after deep intrauterine insemination with 15 or 5 x 10(7) spermatozoa did not differ from those of the control group (82.9, 76.2 and 83.0%, respectively), but a significant decrease (P < 0.001) was observed in sows inseminated with 2.5 or 1.0 x 10(7) spermatozoa (46.7 and 39.1%, respectively). In contrast, the number of spermatozoa inseminated did not affect prolificacy. Laparotomy revealed that the tip of the flexible catheter reached approximately the anterior third of the uterine horn. Although deep intrauterine insemination was performed in only one uterine horn, the percentages of embryos collected from the tip of both uterine horns 2 days after deep insemination were not significantly different. The results show that in comparison with standard AI, a 20-60-fold reduction in the number of spermatozoa inseminated and an 8-10-fold reduction in the dose volume can be achieved without decreasing fertility when semen is deposited non-surgically into the upper first third of one uterine horn.

Isolated torsion of fallopian tube in a post-menopausal patient: a case report.

PubMed

Ozgun, Mahmut Tuncay; Batukan, Cem; Turkyilmaz, Cagdas; Serin, Ibrahim Serdar

2007-07-20

Isolated fallopian tube torsion after menopause is a rare condition. Here we report the second case of isolated fallopian tube torsion in a post-menopausal woman. A 55-year-old post-menopausal woman presented with right lower abdominal pain. Sonography depicted a simple cystic mass adjacent to the right uterine border. Laparatomy revealed torsion of the right fallopian tube together with a paraovarian cyst. Total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was performed. Histopathological examination revealed a simple paraovarian cyst with severe congestion, necrosis and hemorrhage. Tubal torsion should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute lower abdominal pain, even in post-menopausal women.

Examination of the Ovarian Reserve after Generation of Unilateral Rudimentary Uterine Horns in Rats

PubMed Central

Toyganözü, Hasan; Nazik, Hakan; Narin, Raziye; Satar, Deniz; Narin, Mehmet Ali; Büyüknacar, Sinem; Api, Murat; Aytan, Hakan

2014-01-01

Objective. The purpose of this experimental rat model study is to evaluate the changes in the ovarian environment after excision of the rudimentary horn. Methods. Ten female Wistar albino rats were used in this study. One cm of right uterine horn length was excised in the first operation. Two months after the first operation, all animals were sacrificed to obtain ovaries for histological examination. Mann-Whitney U test and Student's t-test were used for statistical analysis purposes. Statistical significance was defined as P < 0.005. Results. The number of primordial follicles (P = 0.415), primary follicles (P = 0.959), preantral follicles (P = 0.645), antral follicles (P = 0.328), and Graafian follicles (P = 0.721) was decreased and the number of atretic follicles (P = 0.374) increased in the right ovarian side. Howeve,r this difference was not found to be statistically significant. Conclusion. The results of this experimental rat model study suggest that the excision of rudimentary horn could have negative effects on ipsilateral ovarian functions. PMID:24672393

Stretch-induced uterine myocyte differentiation during rat pregnancy: involvement of caspase activation.

PubMed

Shynlova, Oksana; Dorogin, Anna; Lye, Stephen J

2010-06-01

Proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis are three major processes by which the pregnant uterus maintains homeostasis to accommodate the growing fetus. We demonstrated previously that caspase activation in the pregnant rat myometrium at midgestation coincides with the transition from uterine hyperplasia to hypertrophy. We hypothesized that this transition was induced by stasis of myometrial blood flow (and subsequent hypoxia/ischaemia insult) resulting from acute myometrial stretch induced by a growing embryo. Therefore, we measured the expression of active caspase 3 and two hypoxia markers (transcription factor HIF1A and pimonidazole hydrochloride) in pregnant rat myometrium. To investigate the effect of gravidity we used unilaterally pregnant rats. Caspase 3 was activated only in the gravid horn of the unilaterally pregnant animals on Gestational Days 12-15. This activation was associated with high levels of HIF1A and pimonidazole immunostaining, which were limited to the circular myometrial layer of the gravid horn, indicative of hypoxia within this tissue. To isolate the effect of myometrial stretch applied by the growing fetus, we inserted an expandable polymer tube (intra-uterine expandable tube [IUET]) into the empty horn of Day 13 and Day 20 unilaterally pregnant rats. Tissue was collected 2, 14, and 24 h later. In the IUET-stretched empty horn, cleaved caspase 3 was activated at midgestation (Day 14), but not at late gestation (Day 21). We speculate that hypoxia resulting from mechanical stretch may activate caspase 3 within the pregnant myometrium only in the context of a specific endocrine environment.

Endometrial expression of the insulin-like growth factor system during uterine involution in the postpartum dairy cow.

PubMed

Llewellyn, S; Fitzpatrick, R; Kenny, D A; Patton, J; Wathes, D C

2008-05-01

Rapid uterine involution in the postpartum period of dairy cows is important to achieve a short interval to conception. Expression patterns for members of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) family were determined by in situ hybridisation at day 14+/-0.4 postpartum (n=12 cows) to investigate a potential role for IGFs in modulating uterine involution. Expression in each uterine tissue region was measured as optical density units and data were analysed according to region and horn. IGF-I mRNA was localized to the sub-epithelial stroma (SES) of inter-caruncular and caruncular endometrium. Both IGF-II and IGF-1R expression was detected in the deep endometrial stroma (DES), the caruncular stroma and myometrium. IGFBP-2, IGFBP-4 and IGFBP-6 mRNAs were all localised to the SES of inter-caruncular and caruncular uterine tissue, and in the DES and caruncular stroma, with IGFBP-4 mRNA additionally expressed in myometrium. IGFBP-3 mRNA was only detectable in luminal epithelium. IGFBP-5 mRNA was found in myometrium, inter-caruncular and caruncular SES and caruncular stroma. These data support a role for IGF-I and IGF-II in the extensive tissue remodelling and repair which the postpartum uterus undergoes to return to its non-pregnant state. The differential expression of binding proteins between tissues (IGFBP-3 in epithelium, IGFBP-2, -4, -5 and -6 in stroma and IGFBP-4 and -5 in myometrium) suggest tight control of IGF activity within each compartment. Differential expression of many members of the IGF family between the significantly larger previously gravid horn and the previously non-gravid horn may relate to differences in their rate of tissue remodelling.

Endometrial expression of the insulin-like growth factor system during uterine involution in the postpartum dairy cow☆

PubMed Central

Llewellyn, S.; Fitzpatrick, R.; Kenny, D.A.; Patton, J.; Wathes, D.C.

2008-01-01

Rapid uterine involution in the postpartum period of dairy cows is important to achieve a short interval to conception. Expression patterns for members of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) family were determined by in situ hybridisation at day 14 ± 0.4 postpartum (n = 12 cows) to investigate a potential role for IGFs in modulating uterine involution. Expression in each uterine tissue region was measured as optical density units and data were analysed according to region and horn. IGF-I mRNA was localized to the sub-epithelial stroma (SES) of inter-caruncular and caruncular endometrium. Both IGF-II and IGF-1R expression was detected in the deep endometrial stroma (DES), the caruncular stroma and myometrium. IGFBP-2, IGFBP-4 and IGFBP-6 mRNAs were all localised to the SES of inter-caruncular and caruncular uterine tissue, and in the DES and caruncular stroma, with IGFBP-4 mRNA additionally expressed in myometrium. IGFBP-3 mRNA was only detectable in luminal epithelium. IGFBP-5 mRNA was found in myometrium, inter-caruncular and caruncular SES and caruncular stroma. These data support a role for IGF-I and IGF-II in the extensive tissue remodelling and repair which the postpartum uterus undergoes to return to its non-pregnant state. The differential expression of binding proteins between tissues (IGFBP-3 in epithelium, IGFBP-2, -4, -5 and -6 in stroma and IGFBP-4 and -5 in myometrium) suggest tight control of IGF activity within each compartment. Differential expression of many members of the IGF family between the significantly larger previously gravid horn and the previously non-gravid horn may relate to differences in their rate of tissue remodelling. PMID:18258405

Bicornuate uterine horns with complete cervical-vaginal agenesis and congenital vesicouterine fistula.

PubMed

Kumar, Santosh; Singh, S K; Mavuduru, Ravi; Naveen, A; Agarwal, M M; Vanita, Jain; Mandal, A K

2008-05-01

We present a case of bicornuate uterine horns with complete cervico-vaginal agenesis and associated congenital uterovaginal fistula. The patient presented with cyclical hematuria, amenorrhea, and abdominal lump. The vagina was blind-ending. The cystoscopic examination during cyclical hematuria revealed bloody efflux through a small fistula on the posterior wall of the urinary bladder. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed bicornuate uterus and cervical agenesis. Hysterectomy and repair of the uterovesical fistula was done. The vagina was reconstructed using an amniotic mould. The report underlies the importance of MRI in diagnosing complexity of such rare anomalies. It also stresses for the need of hysterectomy if cervicovaginal agenesis is present.

Phosphorylation of spinal signaling-regulated kinases by acute uterine cervical distension in rats.

PubMed

Wang, L Z; Liu, X; Wu, W X; Chai, R K; Chang, X Y

2010-01-01

Spinal extracellular signaling-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK 1/2) have been found to contribute to nociceptive processing, but the role of spinal ERK 1/2 in visceral pain related to the uterine cervix, the source of pain during the first stage of labor, is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate ERK activation (phosphorylation) in spinal dorsal horn neurons after acute uterine cervical distension. Under intraperitoneal anesthesia using chloral hydrate 300 mg/kg, female Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to a 10-s uterine cervical distension of 25, 50, 75, and 100g or no distension (sham). The electromyographic response in the rectus abdominis muscle and mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate changes to uterine cervical distension were determined. The numbers of phosphorylated-ERK 1/2- immunoreactive (pERK 1/2-IR) dorsal horn neurons in cervical (C5-8), thoracic (T5-8), thoracolumbar (T12-L2) and lumbosacral (L(6)-S(1)) segments were counted using immunohistochemistry. Compared with the non-distended sham rats, uterine cervical distension resulted in a stimulus-dependent increase in electromyographic activity and the number of pERK-IR neurons that selectively located to the thoracolumbar segment, mostly in the deep dorsal and the central canal regions. The time course study demonstrated that spinal ERK activation peaked at 60 min with a slow decline for 120 min after uterine cervical distension stimulation. This study suggests that activation of spinal ERK might be involved in acute visceral pain arising from the uterine cervix. Copyright 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Doppler sonographic examination of uterine and placental perfusion in cows in the last month of gestation and effects of epidural anesthesia and isoxsuprine.

PubMed

Kim-Egloff, C; Hässig, M; Bruckmaier, R; Bleul, U

2016-03-15

The massive increase in size of the fetus and uterus in the last trimester is accompanied by an increasing demand for nutrients and oxygen, and it is assumed that this demand is met by increasing uterine and fetal perfusion. The goals of this study were to measure the perfusion of the uterine arteries and the placentomes in the last month of gestation and to investigate the effect of epidural anesthesia and isoxsuprine on perfusion. During the last month of gestation, eight Braunvieh cows underwent nine color Doppler sonographic examinations of the uterine arteries to determine diameter (DM), pulse rate (PR), resistance index, time-averaged maximum blood flow velocity (TAMV), and blood flow volume (BFV), and power-mode Doppler sonography was used to determine perfusion of placentomes. The PR increased (P < 0.001), and the BFV and TAMV of the ipsilateral uterine artery decreased between 4.5 and 0.5 weeks prepartum (BFV, 236.8 ± 65.80 and 208 ± 41.52 cm(3)/s, P < 0.01; TAMV, 140.0 ± 26.53 cm/s and 125.2 ± 18.46 cm/s, P < 0.05). After sonographic examination, the cows received epidural administration of local anesthetic (100-mg lidocaine) in the sacrococcygeal space or isoxsuprine (200 mg/cow, iv), and the sonographic measurements were repeated 30 minutes later. After epidural anesthesia, the TAMV and BFV of the contralateral uterine artery increased by 5.4% (P < 0.05) and 7.9% (P < 0.01). In the placentomes of the gravid uterine horn, the relative placentome perfusion and the color pixel grading (Cp) increased by 10.1% (P < 0.05) and 11.5% (P < 0.01) after epidural anesthesia. After isoxsuprine, the DM, PR, and BFV increased by 4.7%, 49.3%, and 16.9% in the ipsilateral uterine artery and by 10.8%, 48.7%, and 22.8%, respectively in the contralateral uterine artery. The TAMV of the ipsilateral uterine artery increased by 7.1% (P < 0.01), and the resistance index decreased in both uterine arteries (ipsilateral 24.2%, contralateral 14.9%, both P < 0.00001). Isoxsuprine increased the relative placentome perfusion and the Cp of the placentomes by 18.1% and 18.3% in the gravid horn and by 10.2% and 24.2% in the nongravid horn. Blood flow variables changed little in the last month of gestation. However, epidural anesthesia and isoxsuprine caused changes in uterine and placentome perfusion that suggest improvement of placental nutrient and oxygen supply to the fetus. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

A case report of bicornis bicollis uterus with unilateral cervical atresia: an unusual aetiology of chronic debilitating pelvic pain in a Cameroonian teenager.

PubMed

Dohbit, Julius Sama; Meka, Esther; Tochie, Joel Noutakdie; Kamla, Igor; Mwadjie, Darolles; Foumane, Pascal

2017-06-02

Congenital uterine anomalies like bicornis or bicornuate uterus are relatively rare in sub-Saharan Africa. They are associated with an increased rate of spontaneous abortion, preterm delivery, and infertility. The occurrence of bicornis bicollis uterus with unilateral cervical atresia is exceptional and its management is controversial. We hereby report a rare cause of chronic pelvic pain in a Cameroonian teenager due to unilateral obstructive hematometra and hematosalpinx in the non-communicating horn of a bicornis bicollis uterus. A 13-year-old premenarchal non-virgin female presented with chronic and severe cyclical crampy pelvic pain. On clinical examination, she had a perforated hymen, a single vagina, and one uterine cervix. A two-dimensional pelvic ultrasonography revealed hematometra but missed out the underlying anomaly. Failure to drain the hematometra by serial cervical dilatations prompted an exploratory laparotomy which revealed: bicornis bicollis uterus with a right rudimentary uterine horn communicating with the vagina and a left non-communicating uterine horn distended by hematometra due to a homolateral cervical atresia. She underwent utero-vaginal canalization and a left hemi-hysterotomy with drainage of the hematometra. The postoperative period was uneventful. Regular cyclic menses occurred thereafter beginning at the first postoperative month. She had complete resolution of symptoms without recurrence after six months. Due to the risk of compromised fertility from bicornis uterus and the diagnostic challenges akin to resource-limited settings, we highlight the need for a high index of suspicion by healthcare providers when faced with chronic pelvic pain in premenarchal adolescents.

Postpartum suppression of ovarian activity with a Deslorelin implant enhanced uterine involution in lactating dairy cows.

PubMed

Silvestre, F T; Bartolome, J A; Kamimura, S; Arteche, A C; Pancarci, S M; Trigg, T; Thatcher, W W

2009-01-01

Holstein cows received, subcutaneously a non-degradable implant containing 5mg of the GnRH agonist Deslorelin (DESL) or no implant (CON) at 2+/-1 days postpartum (dpp). All cows were injected with PGF(2alpha) at 9 dpp. Previous pregnant (PPH) and non-pregnant uterine horns (PNPH) were determined by palpation per rectum. In Experiment 1, cows [DESL implant (n=10) and CON (n=9)] were examined by ultrasonography to record ovarian structures (23, 30 and 37 dpp) and uterine horn and cervical diameters (16, 23, 30 and 37 dpp). Uterine tone was scored before ultrasonography. Vaginoscopy was conducted just after ultrasonography examination to assess cervical discharge and color of the external cervical os. Blood samples were collected on a weekly basis for hormonal analyses. In Experiment 2, cows [DESL implant (n=77) and CON (n=70)] were palpated per rectum and vaginoscopy at 30 dpp for scoring of uterine tone, uterine horns, cervical diameter, and discharge. Blood samples were collected only at 9 dpp. In Experiment 1, DESL-implant-treated cows had more Class 1 follicles (P<0.01), less Class 2 (P<0.01) and Class 3 follicles (P<0.01) and no corpus luteum (CL) formation (P<0.01). In CON cows, six of nine animals had visible CL at 25+/-7 dpp. At 9 dpp plasma concentration of E(2), P(4) (P<0.01) and PGFM (P<0.05) were less in the DESL-implant treatment group. Diameter of PPH (P<0.01), PNPH (P<0.01) and cervix (P=0.08) were less in the DESL-implant treatment associated with greater uterine tone (P=0.07). The DESL-implant cows had a greater frequency of clear cervical discharge (P=0.09) and pink cervical os (P=0.06). In Experiment 2, plasma concentrations of PGFM were less at 9 dpp in DESL-implant treatment (P<0.01). Diameters of the PPH (P<0.01) and PNPH (P<0.01) were less and more uterine tone (P<0.01) in the DESL-implant treatment. Diameter of cervix and frequency of a cervical discharge score did not differ between treatments. Treatment with non-degradable Deslorelin (5mg) implant during postpartum: (1) suppressed ovarian follicular development, (2) enhanced physical involution of the uterus and cervix, (3) increased tone of the uterine wall, (4) decreased frequency of purulent cervical discharges, and (5) reduced inflammatory processes of the reproductive tract.

Progesterone Metabolites Produced by Cytochrome P450 3A Modulate Uterine Contractility in a Murine Model

PubMed Central

Patil, Avinash S.; Swamy, Geeta K.; Murtha, Amy P.; Heine, R. Phillips; Zheng, Xiaomei; Grotegut, Chad A.

2015-01-01

Objective: We seek to characterize the effect of progesterone metabolites on spontaneous and oxytocin-induced uterine contractility. Study Design: Spontaneous contractility was studied in mouse uterine horns after treatment with progesterone, 2α-hydroxyprogesterone, 6β-hydroxyprogesterone (6β-OHP), 16α-hydroxyprogesterone (16α-OHP), or 17-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17-OHPC) at 10−9 to 10−6 mol/L. Uterine horns were exposed to progestins (10−6 mol/L), followed by increasing concentrations of oxytocin (1-100 nmol/L) to study oxytocin-induced contractility. Contraction parameters were compared for each progestin and matched vehicle control using repeated measures 2-way analysis of variance. In vitro metabolism of progesterone by recombinant cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) microsomes (3A5, 3A5, and 3A7) identified major metabolites. Results: Oxytocin-induced contractile frequency was decreased by 16α-OHP (P = .03) and increased by 6β-OHP (P = .05). Progesterone and 17-OHPC decreased oxytocin-induced contractile force (P = .02 and P = .04, respectively) and frequency (P = .02 and P = .03, respectively). Only progesterone decreased spontaneous contractile force (P = .02). Production of 16α-OHP and 6β-OHP metabolites were confirmed in all CYP3A isoforms tested. Conclusion: Progesterone metabolites produced by maternal or fetal CYP3A enzymes influence uterine contractility. PMID:26037300

The comparison of methylene blue and vitamin E in prevention of abdominal postoperative adhesion formation in rat uterine horn models: Biochemical and histopathologic evaluation.

PubMed

Yildiz, Hamit; Durmus, Ali Said; Simsek, Halil; Yaman, Ihsan

2011-02-01

To compare the effects of vitamin E and 1% methylen blue solutions on prevention of experimentally induced adhesions in rats. Thirty seven female Spraque Dawley rats were randomized into four groups. First group was kept as sham operated group. An adhesion model was constituted on the left uterine horn of the other groups. The lesion areas of rats from the second, the third and the fourth groups were coated with 2 ml 0.9 % saline solution (C group), 10 mg vitamin E (VE group) and 1% methylen blue solutions (MB group), respectively. Histopathologically, adhesion scores, mononuclear cell infiltration, oedema and fibrosis were more prominent in the MB group compared with C and VE groups. There were no significant differences between the groups in tissue glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) activities and glutation (GSH) level, these parameters were slightly increased in group with VE supplementation though. The administration of VE and MB significantly decreased NO (P<0.01) levels when compared to the C group. The level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the VE group was significantly lower (P<0.05) than those of the Sh and C groups. Intraperitoneal methylen blue solutions treatments were more effective according to vitamin E in preventing the formation of intra-abdominal adhesion in a rat uterine horn model.

Obstetrical emergencies.

PubMed

Biddle, D; Macintire, D K

2000-05-01

This article discusses different techniques that can be used in the diagnosis and treatment of obstetrical emergencies. Female reproductive emergencies commonly encountered by small animal practitioners include pyometra, dystocia, cesarean section, mastitis, eclampsia, uterine torsion, and uterine prolapse. A thorough knowledge of normal and abnormal reproductive behavior will aid the emergency veterinarian in successfully managing such cases. Timely diagnosis and treatment of these emergencies will often give a good outcome.

Telesonography Adaptation and Use to Improve the Standard of Patient Care Within a Dominican Community

ClinicalTrials.gov

2009-05-06

Ascites; Blunt Abdominal Trauma; Cholelithiasis; Cholecystitis; Cholangitis; Pancreatitis; Hydronephrosis; Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm; Hepatitis; Portal Hypertension; Urolithiasis; Abnormal Uterine Bleeding; Ovarian Mass; Ovarian Torsion

The oophorectomy effect on Walker 256 tumor inoculated into the vagina and uterine cervix of female rats.

PubMed

Brito, Nara Macedo Botelho; Carvalho, Rita de Kássia Vidigal; Matos, Lia Tavares de Moura Brasil; Lobato, Rodolfo Costa; Brito, Rosângela Baía

2009-01-01

Verify the effect of oophorectomy on the evolution of the Walker 256 tumor inoculated into the vagina and cervix of female rats. Ten Wistar, female rats were used, distributed into two groups with 05 animals each: Tumor group (TG): Rats inoculated with Walker 256 tumor; Oophorectomy group (OG): oophorectomized rats inoculated with Walker 256 tumor. The day before the tumor vaginal inoculation, acetic acid was inoculated into the vaginas of both groups of rats; the following day, the vaginal walls were scarified with an endocervix brush, and then Walker 256 tumor was inoculated. After 12 days, the tumor was removed together with the vagina and uterine horns for macro and microscopic analyses. The data were submitted to statistical analyses. There was no statistical difference between the two groups; however it was observed that the behavior of tumor growth on the OG group presented greater invasion, compromising the uterine horns. The results of the study on the GO group presented a macroscopic behavior different from the TG group, however, both of them presented similar development in terms of tumor mass.

A technique for chronic, extraluminal measurement of uterine activity.

PubMed

Capraro, D L; Lee, J G; Sharp, D C

1977-08-01

The construction, calibration, and surgical placement of a device for monitoring uterine motility are described. The device, a linear stretch gauge, consisted of a length of flexible tubing filled with mercury and connected at both ends to copper wire leads. An increase in the length of the mercury-filled tubing caused a change in resistance. This change was quantitated, using a modified Wheatstone bridge circuit. In in vitro test, the stretch gauges demonstrated linear response in millivolt output to elongation over a range that was comparable to physiologic responses observed with the gauges placed in vivo. If surgically placed around 1 uterine horn, stretch gauges responded to uterine contractile events with specificity and sensitivity. Calibration of the device at time of placement permitted monitoring for possible increases in uterine circumference.

Communication requested: Boar semen transport through the uterus and possible consequences for insemination.

PubMed

Rath, D; Knorr, C; Taylor, U

2016-01-01

Recent insemination techniques bypass the interactions between sperm and the uterine wall because the semen is deposited deep into the tip of uterine horn or directly into the oviduct. Such techniques allow high dilution of the ejaculates. After normal mating, semen entering the uterus communicates with the uterine milieu. Intact sperm of high mitochondrial membrane potential bind to uterine epithelial cells, whereas most of the unbound sperm in the uterine lumen have damaged membranes. Lectins are the most likely factors to mediate these sperm-uterine interactions. The lectin wheat germ agglutinin is known to induce the strongest binding of sperm, whereas binding is impaired when sialic acid receptors are blocked by wheat germ agglutinin. This suggests that sialic acid is involved in porcine sperm-endometrium interactions, and it is hypothesized that the use of a semen extender supplemented with sialidase would allow insemination with reduced sperm numbers. A lack of contact of sperm and seminal plasma with the uterine wall, as a result of deep insemination, may adversely affect (1) events during ovulation, (2) induction of immunologic tolerance against paternal antigens, (3) preparation of the endometrium for implantation and placentation, and (4) immunologic support required for the fetus during pregnancy. Seminal plasma is known to signal post-insemination changes in the uterine endometrium involving the redistribution of leukocytes. This may involve migration of leukocytes from the uterine wall to the ovary, as seminal plasma particularly increases the appearance of the major histocompatibility complex class II-positive cells. Uterine epithelial cells respond to sperm binding by the production of pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokines. These cytokines may include synchronizing substances, transferred through a counter-current pathway to the ipsilateral ovary, thereby accelerating the final maturation of preovulatory follicles and advancing time of ovulation. In several species, an ovulation-inducing factor exists in seminal plasma, first identified as ß-nerve growth factor in camelid semen, indicating another pathway that influences the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. In summary, low-dose inseminations may not necessarily require semen deposition deep into the uterine horn, as binding inhibitors can circumvent the binding of sperm to the uterine wall. However, subsequent immune-relevant events that control ovulation and prepare the uterine milieu for the developing embryo should be taken into account. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Inguinal herniation with hydrometra/mucometra in a poodle bitch

PubMed Central

Sontas, B. Hasan; Toydemir, F.T. Seval; Erdogan, Özge; Şennazli, Gülbin; Ekici, Hayri

2013-01-01

A 5-year-old, sexually intact poodle bitch was presented with a 2-year history of inguinal mass. A tentative diagnosis of hydrometra/mucometra with inguinal herniation was made and ovariohysterectomy with hernia repair was performed. Both fluid-filled uterine horns, both broad ligaments, and the uterine body were observed to be herniated through the inguinal ring. On histopathology, marked edema and diffuse hemorrhage were diagnosed in the uterus. PMID:24155486

Intersexuality associated with XX/XY mosaicism in a horned goat.

PubMed

Bongso, T A; Thavalingam, M; Mukherjee, T K

1982-01-01

Anatomical, histological, and cytogenetic studies were undertaken on a horned intersex goat kid and three of its normal litter mates. The intersex had male type horns, male beard, vestigial mammary glands, female external genitalia, and an enlarged peniform clitoris, exuded a pungent male odor, had a male bleat, and came into estrus every 20 days. At laparotomy and subsequent slaughter, an ovotestes was observed on the right side and a testis and epididymal remnants on the left side. Uterine horn segments, cervix, vagina, and enlarged clitoris (2 cm) were also present. Histologically, spermatogenesis was not observed in either testis, but active Leydig cells were present. The ovary contained mature follicles. Chromosome analysis revealed 60XX/60XY cell populations in blood, bone marrow, and skin. Lymphocytic metaphases from the male and female cosibs showed single populations of 60XY and 60XX, respectively. Mosaicism associated with the horned condition in the intersex goat was established.

Uterine artery leptin receptors during the ovarian cycle and pregnancy regulate angiogenesis in ovine uterine artery endothelial cells†

PubMed Central

Vargas, Vladimir E.; Landeros, Rosalina Villalon; Lopez, Gladys E.; Zheng, Jing; Magness, Ronald R.

2017-01-01

Abstract Leptin regulates body weight, reproductive functions, blood pressure, endothelial function, and fetoplacental angiogenesis. Compared to the luteal phase, the follicular phase and pregnancy are physiological states of elevated estrogen, angiogenesis, and uterine blood flow (UBF). Little is known concerning regulation of uterine artery (UA) angiogenesis by leptin and its receptors. We hypothesized that (1) ex vivo expression of leptin receptors (LEPR) in UA endothelium (UAendo) and UA vascular smooth muscle (UAvsm) is elevated in pregnant versus nonpregnant (Luteal and Follicular) sheep; (2) in vitro leptin treatments differentially modulate mitogenesis in uterine artery endothelial cells from pregnant (P-UAECs) more than in nonpregnant (NP-UAECs) ewes; and (3) LEPR are upregulated in P-UAECs versus NP-UAECs in association with leptin activation of phospho-STAT3 signaling. Local UA adaptations were evaluated using a unilateral pregnant sheep model where prebreeding uterine horn isolation (nongravid) restricted gravidity to one horn. Immunolocalization revealed LEPR in UAendo and UAvsm from pregnant and nonpregnant sheep. Contrary to our hypothesis, western analysis revealed that follicular UAendo and UAvsm LEPR were greater than luteal, nongravid, gravid, and control pregnant. Compared to pregnant groups, LEPR were elevated in renal artery endothelium of follicular and luteal sheep. Leptin treatment significantly increased mitogenesis in follicular phase NP-UAECs and P-UAECs, but not luteal phase NP-UAECs. Although UAEC expression of LEPR was similar between groups, leptin treatment only activated phospho-STAT3 in follicular NP-UAECs and P-UAECs. Thus, leptin may play an angiogenic role particularly in preparation for the increased UBF during the periovulatory period and subsequently to meet the demands of the growing fetus. PMID:28339937

Microstructure and Cross-Sectional Shape of Limb Bones in Great Horned Owls and Red-Tailed Hawks: How Do These Features Relate to Differences in Flight and Hunting Behavior?

PubMed Central

Marelli, Crystal A.; Simons, Erin L. R.

2014-01-01

The Red-tailed Hawk and Great Horned Owl are two species of raptor that are similar in body size, diet, and habitat. Both species use their hindlimbs during hunting, but differ in foot morphology, how they approach and immobilize prey, and the average size of prey captured. They also differ in primary flight style: the Red-tailed Hawk uses static soaring and the Great Horned Owl uses flap-gliding. The objectives of this study were to characterize the microstructure and cross-sectional shape of limb bones of these species and examine the relationship with flight and hunting behaviors. The mid-shaft of six limb bones from six individuals of each species was sampled. The degree of bone laminarity (proportion of circular primary vascular canals) and cross-sectional geometric parameters were calculated. In both species, the humerus and femur exhibited features that suggest high resistance to torsional loading, whereas the tibiotarsus and phalanges had a shape more likely to resist compression and bending in a specific plane. The femur of the Red-tailed Hawk exhibited higher laminarity and larger polar moment of area than that of the Great Horned Owl. The tibiotarsus was more elliptical than that of the Great Horned Owl. The hawk approaches prey from a more horizontal axis, takes prey of greater mass, and is more likely to pursue prey on the ground, which could potentially be causing more torsional loads on the femur and bending loads on the tibiotarsus. In addition, differences in polar moment of area of the phalanges between the species could relate to differences in foot morphology or digit length. The humerus and ulna of the flap-gliding Great Horned Owl are more elliptical than the static soaring Red-tailed Hawk, a shape that may better resist the bending loads associated with a larger amount of flapping. PMID:25162595

Microstructure and cross-sectional shape of limb bones in Great Horned Owls and Red-tailed Hawks: how do these features relate to differences in flight and hunting behavior?

PubMed

Marelli, Crystal A; Simons, Erin L R

2014-01-01

The Red-tailed Hawk and Great Horned Owl are two species of raptor that are similar in body size, diet, and habitat. Both species use their hindlimbs during hunting, but differ in foot morphology, how they approach and immobilize prey, and the average size of prey captured. They also differ in primary flight style: the Red-tailed Hawk uses static soaring and the Great Horned Owl uses flap-gliding. The objectives of this study were to characterize the microstructure and cross-sectional shape of limb bones of these species and examine the relationship with flight and hunting behaviors. The mid-shaft of six limb bones from six individuals of each species was sampled. The degree of bone laminarity (proportion of circular primary vascular canals) and cross-sectional geometric parameters were calculated. In both species, the humerus and femur exhibited features that suggest high resistance to torsional loading, whereas the tibiotarsus and phalanges had a shape more likely to resist compression and bending in a specific plane. The femur of the Red-tailed Hawk exhibited higher laminarity and larger polar moment of area than that of the Great Horned Owl. The tibiotarsus was more elliptical than that of the Great Horned Owl. The hawk approaches prey from a more horizontal axis, takes prey of greater mass, and is more likely to pursue prey on the ground, which could potentially be causing more torsional loads on the femur and bending loads on the tibiotarsus. In addition, differences in polar moment of area of the phalanges between the species could relate to differences in foot morphology or digit length. The humerus and ulna of the flap-gliding Great Horned Owl are more elliptical than the static soaring Red-tailed Hawk, a shape that may better resist the bending loads associated with a larger amount of flapping.

[Rudimentary horn pregnancy: an unusual cause of spontaneous hemoperitoneum during the second-trimester of pregnancy].

PubMed

Allouche, M; Tanguy le Gac, Y; Parant, O

2011-02-01

Spontaneous hemoperitoneum during pregnancy is an unusual but serious event. We report a case of profuse spontaneous hemoperitoneum resulting from the rupture of a non-communicating rudimentary uterine horn at 26 weeks of gestation. An emergency laparotomy was performed and a 900 g birth weight safe infant was delivered. We performed a hemi-hysterectomy in the same time. Fetal and maternal outcomes resulted without complication. Causes of spontaneous hemoperitoneum are discussed. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Laparoscopic management of a ruptured benign dermoid cyst during advanced pregnancy.

PubMed

Roman, Horace; Accoceberry, Marie; Bolandard, Franck; Bourdel, Nicolas; Lenglet, Yann; Canis, Michel

2005-01-01

Benign cystic teratomas in pregnant women may be responsible for complications such as torsion, rupture and obstruction of labor. A woman in her 31st week of pregnancy with torsion of a large dermoid cyst and lipogranulomatosis peritonitis due to spilled cyst contents was managed laparoscopically with a favorable outcome. Trocar sites were selected according to the uterine size. Open laparoscopy allowed protection of the gravid uterus from penetrative injuries. Laparoscopic management of a voluminous adnexal mass may be safely performed during advanced pregnancy.

Ability of induced corpora lutea to maintain pregnancy from the third month of gestation to term in cattle.

PubMed

Starbuck, M J; Poole, D H; Inskeep, E K

2006-07-15

The local relationship between the pregnant uterine horn and the CL during maternal recognition of pregnancy is well-documented. It continues beyond that time; pregnancies were maintained in lutectomized cows when CL were induced on the ovary ipsilateral, but not contralateral, to the uterine horn of pregnancy during Days 28-53. This study evaluated factors affecting maintenance of pregnancy by CL induced after Day 53, in lutectomized cows that had received exogenous progesterone from Day 29 to 15 days after induction of a CL. Twenty-four suckled beef cows were lutectomized on Day 29 of gestation; pregnancy was maintained with progesterone from two controlled internal drug releasing (CIDR) inserts, exchanged every 5 days. Beginning on Day 53, ovaries and viability of pregnancy were evaluated by ultrasonography every 5 days. When a follicle >or=10 mm in diameter was present ipsilateral to the fetus, each cow received 1,000 IU of hCG. Following induction of a CL (20 of 24), progesterone was reduced to a single CIDR for 5 days, then removed. Retention of pregnancy was confirmed by rectal palpation and calving. Cows with induced CL maintained pregnancy to term, including four with the CL contralateral to the fetus. Three cows failed to form normal CL by Day 98 and lost pregnancy after removal of exogenous progesterone. One cow that did not respond to hCG lost pregnancy during exogenous progesterone. In conclusion, CL induced after Day 53 maintained pregnancy to term, even when induced contralateral to the pregnant uterine horn.

A subserosal, pedunculated, multilocular uterine leiomyoma with ovarian tumor-like morphology and histological architecture of adenomatoid tumors: a case report and review of the literature.

PubMed

Yorita, Kenji; Tanaka, Yu; Hirano, Koki; Kai, Yuka; Arii, Kaoru; Nakatani, Kimiko; Ito, Satoshi; Imai, Toshiya; Fukunaga, Masaharu; Kuroda, Naoto

2016-12-20

Uterine leiomyomas are common uterine tumors, and typical cases of leiomyoma are easily diagnosed by imaging study. However, uterine leiomyomas are often altered by degenerative changes, which can cause difficulty and confusion in their clinical diagnosis. We describe the 17th reported case of a uterine leiomyoma clinically diagnosed as an ovarian tumor; however, the present case shows the most detailed radiological evaluation, including contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. We first show that a uterine leiomyoma can histologically mimic an adenomatoid tumor. A 47-year-old premenopausal, nulliparous Japanese woman with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia had lower abdominal pain. Ultrasonography confirmed a 6-cm mass in the right-sided space of the pelvic cavity. Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation showed that a multilocular mass was present near the uterus, and a mucinous ovarian tumor was considered. Emergency surgery due to acute abdomen was performed under the diagnosis of pedicle torsion of the ovarian tumor. During surgery, a pedunculated uterine mass without stalk torsion was seen. The mass grossly contained serous and hemorrhagic fluids in the cavities, and pathology examination confirmed that the mass was a leiomyoma with hydropic and cystic degeneration. Anastomosing thin cord-like arrangements of the leiomyoma cells mimicked the architecture of adenomatoid tumors. The tumor cells were positive for the microphthalmia transcription factor but negative for other melanoma markers. Three days postoperatively, she was discharged without sequelae. Marked intratumoral deposition of fluids may induce the multilocular morphology of a tumor, and the cellular arrangement of the tumor cells with hydropic degeneration mimicked an adenomatoid tumor in this case. Clinicians need to be aware that a subserosal leiomyoma with cystic and hydropic degeneration can mimic an ovarian tumor, and pathologists should be aware that such leiomyomas can mimic adenomatoid tumors. Additionally, perivascular epithelioid cell tumors should not be diagnosed only based on its immunoreactivity for the microphthalmia transcription factor.

Distribution and viability of spermatozoa in the canine female genital tract during post-ovulatory oocyte maturation

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Background Unlike other domestic mammals, in which metaphase-II oocytes are ovulated, canine ovulation is characterized by the release of primary oocytes, which may take 12 to up to 36 hours. Further 60 hours are needed for maturation to secondary oocytes which then remain fertile for about 48 hours. Oestrus takes 7 to 10 days on average and may start as early as a week before ovulation. This together with the prolonged process of post-ovulatory oocyte maturation requires an according longevity of spermatozoa in the female genital tract in order to provide a population of fertile sperm when oocytes have matured to fertilizability. Therefore the distribution and viability of spermatozoa in the bitch genital tract was examined during post-ovulatory oocyte maturation. Methods Thirteen beagle bitches were inseminated on the day of sonographically verified ovulation with pooled semen of two beagle dogs containing one billion progressively motile spermatozoa. Ovariohysterectomy was performed two days later (group 1, n = 6) and four days later (group 2, n = 7). The oviduct and uterine horn of one side were flushed separately and the flushing’s were checked for the presence of gametes. The oviducts including the utero-tubal junction and the uterine horns, both the flushed and unflushed, were histologically examined for sperm distribution. Results The total number of spermatozoa recovered by flushing was low and evaluation of viability was limited. Prophase-I oocytes were collected from oviduct flushing in group 1, whereas unfertilized metaphase-II oocytes were detected in group 2. From day 2 to day 4 after ovulation a significant decrease in the percentage of glands containing sperm (P<0.05) and a marked reduction of the mean sperm number in uterine horn glands were observed. A concomitant diminution of spermatozoa was indicated in the utero-tubal junction accompanied by a slight increase in sperm numbers in the mid oviduct. Conclusions Oocyte maturation to metaphase-II stage is accompanied by a continuous sperm detachment and elimination in the uterine horns. Entrance of spermatozoa into the caudal oviduct seems to be steadily controlled by the utero-tubal junction thus providing a selected sperm population to be shifted towards the site of fertilization when oocyte maturation is completed. PMID:22932162

Differential gene expression profiling of endometrium during the mid-luteal phase of the estrous cycle between a repeat breeder (RB) and non-RB cows.

PubMed

Hayashi, Ken-Go; Hosoe, Misa; Kizaki, Keiichiro; Fujii, Shiori; Kanahara, Hiroko; Takahashi, Toru; Sakumoto, Ryosuke

2017-03-23

Repeat breeding directly affects reproductive efficiency in cattle due to an increase in services per conception and calving interval. This study aimed to investigate whether changes in endometrial gene expression profile are involved in repeat breeding in cows. Differential gene expression profiles of the endometrium were investigated during the mid-luteal phase of the estrous cycle between repeat breeder (RB) and non-RB cows using microarray analysis. The caruncular (CAR) and intercaruncular (ICAR) endometrium of both ipsilateral and contralateral uterine horns to the corpus luteum were collected from RB (inseminated at least three times but not pregnant) and non-RB cows on Day 15 of the estrous cycle (4 cows/group). Global gene expression profiles of these endometrial samples were analyzed with a 15 K custom-made oligo-microarray for cattle. Immunohistochemistry was performed to investigate the cellular localization of proteins of three identified transcripts in the endometrium. Microarray analysis revealed that 405 and 397 genes were differentially expressed in the CAR and ICAR of the ipsilateral uterine horn of RB, respectively when compared with non-RB cows. In the contralateral uterine horn, 443 and 257 differentially expressed genes were identified in the CAR and ICAR of RB, respectively when compared with non-RB cows. Gene ontology analysis revealed that genes involved in development and morphogenesis were mainly up-regulated in the CAR of RB cows. In the ICAR of both the ipsilateral and contralateral uterine horns, genes related to the metabolic process were predominantly enriched in the RB cows when compared with non-RB cows. In the analysis of the whole uterus (combining the data above four endometrial compartments), RB cows showed up-regulation of 37 genes including PRSS2, GSTA3 and PIPOX and down-regulation of 39 genes including CHGA, KRT35 and THBS4 when compared with non-RB cows. Immunohistochemistry revealed that CHGA, GSTA3 and PRSS2 proteins were localized in luminal and glandular epithelial cells and stroma of the endometrium. The present study showed that endometrial gene expression profiles are different between RB and non-RB cows. The identified candidate endometrial genes and functions in each endometrial compartment may contribute to bovine reproductive performance.

Uterine blood flow in sheep and goats during the peri-parturient period assessed by transrectal Doppler sonography.

PubMed

Elmetwally, Mohammed; Bollwein, Heinrich

2017-01-01

The aim of the present study was to evaluate uterine blood flow (UBF) during the postpartum period in small ruminants. The study involved measures of UBF in 5 ewes and 5 goats during the first 4 weeks after parturition. Transrectal quantification of UBF was assessed by determining the diameter (DM), time averaged mean velocity (TAMEAN), blood flow volume (BFV), blood flow acceleration (ACCE) and pulsatility index (PI) in the uterine arteries ipsilateral to the previously gravid uterine horn(s) at Wk 20 of gestation and every 3days from the day of parturition (D 0) until Day 27 postpartum (D 27). The diameters of the uterine arteries decreased (P<0.01) in both species during the postpartum period. The results revealed decreases (P<0.0001) in BFV, ACCE and TAMEAN, while PI increased during the postpartum period in both sheep and goats. Furthermore, there were positive correlations (P<0.05) between blood flow parameters in sheep and goats, respectively (BFV and DM, r=0.62 and 0.58; BFV and ACCE, r=0.32 and 0.26; BFV and TAMEAN, r=0.51 and 0.37). There were negative correlations (P<0.05) between PI and other parameters (PI and BFV, r=-0.39 and -0.36; PI and DM, r=-0.54 and -0.24; PI and ACCE, r=-0.58 and -0.48; and PI and TAMEAN, r=-0.80 and -0.79) in sheep and goats, respectively. Altogether, these results indicate that non-invasive Doppler ultrasound parameters provide important information toward understanding changes in the vasculature and its perfusion of the uterus during the postpartum period in sheep and goats. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Pre-hatching embryo-dependent and -independent programming of endometrial function in cattle

PubMed Central

Sponchiado, Mariana; Gomes, Nathália Souza; Fontes, Patrícia Kubo; Martins, Thiago; del Collado, Maite; Pastore, Athos de Assumpção; Pugliesi, Guilherme; Nogueira, Marcelo Fábio Gouveia

2017-01-01

The bovine pre-implantation embryo secretes bioactive molecules from early development stages, but effects on endometrial function are reported to start only after elongation. Here, we interrogated spatially defined regions of the endometrium transcriptome for responses to a day 7 embryo in vivo. We hypothesize that exposure to an embryo changes the abundance of specific transcripts in the cranial region of the pregnant uterine horn. Endometrium was collected from the uterotubal junction (UTJ), anterior (IA), medial (IM) and posterior (IP) regions of the uterine horn ipsilateral to the CL 7 days after estrus from sham-inseminated (Con) or artificially inseminated, confirmed pregnant (Preg) cows. Abundance of 86 transcripts was evaluated by qPCR using a microfluidic platform. Abundance of 12 transcripts was modulated in the Preg endometrium, including classical interferon-stimulated genes (ISG15, MX1, MX2 and OAS1Y), prostaglandin biosynthesis genes (PTGES, HPGD and AKR1C4), water channel (AQP4) and a solute transporter (SLC1A4) and this was in the UTJ and IA mainly. Additionally, for 71 transcripts, abundance varied according to region of the reproductive tract. Regulation included downregulation of genes associated with proliferation (IGF1, IGF2, IGF1R and IGF2R) and extracellular matrix remodeling (MMP14, MMP19 and MMP2) and upregulation of anti-adhesive genes (MUC1) in the cranial regions of uterine horn. Physical proximity to the embryo provides paracrine regulation of endometrial function. Embryo-independent regulation of the endometrial transcriptome may support subsequent stages of embryo development, such as elongation and implantation. We speculate that successful early embryo-dependent and -independent programming fine-tune endometrial functions that are important for maintenance of pregnancy in cattle. PMID:28423001

A randomized controlled experimental study of the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma and hyaluronic acid for the prevention of adhesion formation in a rat uterine horn model.

PubMed

Oz, Murat; Cetinkaya, Nilufer; Bas, Sevda; Korkmaz, Elmas; Ozgu, Emre; Terzioglu, Gokay Serdar; Buyukkagnici, Umran; Akbay, Serap; Caydere, Muzaffer; Gungor, Tayfun

2016-09-01

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been known to possess an efficacy in tissue regeneration. The aim of this study was to determine the role of PRP on post-operative adhesion formation in an experimental rat study. Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control, hyaluronic acid, and PRP treatment groups and operated on for uterine horn adhesion modeling. Blood was collected to produce a PRP with platelet counts of 688 × 10(3)/μL, and 1 ml of either hyaluronic acid gel or PRP was administered over the standard lesions, while the control group received no medication. The evaluation of post-operative adhesions was done on the 30th post-operative day. The location, extent, type, and tenacity of adhesions as well as total adhesion scores, tissue inflammation, fibrosis and transforming growth factor-1beta (TGF-1β) expressions were evaluated. The total adhesion score was significantly lower in the PRP group (3.2 ± 1.5) compared with the hyaluronic acid (5.0 ± 1.3) and control (8.1 ± 1.7) groups. The extent of the adhesions was significantly lower in the PRP group. There was no significant difference in the type and tenacity of adhesions between the hyaluronic acid and the PRP group. The level of inflammation was significantly higher in the control group than the others, while there was no difference between the PRP and hyaluronic acid groups. TGF-1β expression was significantly lesser in the PRP group than the control and hyaluronic acid groups. PRP is more effective than hyaluronic acid treatment in preventing post-operative adhesion formation in an experimental rat uterine horn adhesion model.

Non-mosaic monosomy 59,X in cattle: a case report.

PubMed

Romano, Juan E; Raussdepp, Terje; Mulon, Pierre Y; Villadóniga, Graciela B

2015-05-01

A 3-year-old Longhorn heifer was referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Texas A&M University for inability to get pregnant. Physical examination revealed a small-sized female for age and breed with a normal vulva, vaginal length, and external cervical os. Further assessment by per rectum palpation and trans-rectal ultrasonography revealed a small uterine cervix and cord-like uterine horns with no identifiable ovaries. Additional evaluation including laparoscopy, hormonal evaluation, and genetic analysis allowed ruling out conditions commonly associated with a phenotypic female with infantile or underdeveloped reproductive organs such as freemartin, XY gonadal dysgenesis, testicular feminization, and bilateral ovarian agenesis. Laparoscopy confirmed the presence of a small cervix with small uterine horns and absence of ovaries. Testosterone, progesterone, and 17-β estradiol concentrations were 200.0pg/mL, 1.48ng/mL, and undetectable, respectively. Genetic evaluation determined that the karyotype was 59,X non-mosaic. Evaluation of phenotypically female cattle with infertility and infantile genital organs and absence of ovaries should include cytogenetic analysis to test for possible X monosomy. The 59,X condition should be considered in the differential diagnoses together with freemartin, dysgenesis XY, testicular feminization, and bilateral ovarian agenesis. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Effects of lead on the male mouse as investigated by in vitro fertilization and blastocyst culture

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Johansson, L.; Sjoeblom, P.; Wide, M.

1987-02-01

Long-term exposure of male mice to inorganic lead (lead chloride, 1 g/liter) in the drinking water reduces their fertility. The cause of this reduction, expressed as a decrease in the number of mated females showing inplantations, was investigated, using an in vivo fertilization method. It was found that spermatozoa from lead-exposed males had a significantly lower ability to fertilize mouse eggs than those from unexposed males. Preimplantation embryos, isolated from uterine horns of mice mated with lead-exposed males. Preimplantation embryos, isolated from uterine horns of mice mated with lead-exposed males, were examined. No morphologically abnormal embryos were found. However, whenmore » cultured in vitro over the implantation period, blastocysts of the group mated with lead-exposed males showed an increased frequency of delayed hatching from the zona pellucida or an inability to hatch. Among blastocysts from this group a decreased frequency of inner cell mass development was also found.« less

CT and US findings of ovarian torsion within an incarcerated inguinal hernia.

PubMed

Hyun, Park Mee; Jung, Ah Young; Lee, Yul; Yang, Ik; Yang, Dae Hyun; Hwang, Ji-Young

2015-02-01

Inguinal hernia is relatively common in children. Although inguinal hernia is not frequently encountered in girls in comparison to boys, there are occasional cases of uterine or ovarian herniation in female indirect inguinal hernia. Incarcerated ovary in hernia sac has the risk of torsion and strangulation. We present an 8-year-old girl with painful mass in her left groin. With computed tomography (CT) and ultrasonography (US), we made the diagnosis of ovarian strangulation within an incarcerated inguinal hernia. Since ultrasound is primarily used for evaluation of groin mass, CT findings of an incarcerated inguinal hernia is rarely reported.

A non-surgical uterine lavage technique in large cats intended for treatment of uterine infection-induced infertility.

PubMed

Hildebrandt, T B; Göritz, F; Boardman, W; Strike, T; Strauss, G; Jewgenow, K

2006-10-01

This paper presents the successful use of a non-surgical, transcervical uterine lavage technique for the treatment of uterine infection-induced infertility in three female large cats. We developed a non-surgical uterine lavage technique, which allowed repeated flushing of the uterine lumen and installation of therapeutic antibiotics. The entire procedure was performed under general anaesthesia (duration of anesthesia ranged from 40 to 70 min). It was successfully applied in a Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae), a Corbett tiger (Panthera tigris corbetti) and an Amur leopard (Panthera pardus orientalis). The tigers were treated only once, whereas the leopard received four uterine treatments, due to re-infection after mating. Decisions to conduct uterine treatments were based on detection of uterine fluid during previous transrectal ultrasound examinations. The catheter was guided into the vagina, with the aid of an endoscope, passing the urethra, and then into the uterus, with the aid of transrectal ultrasonography. Both uterine horns were separately flushed with approximately 300 mL of cell medium M199, followed by an antibiotic infusion. Upon ultrasonographic re-examination, the topical uterine treatments resulted in an apparent decline in the inflammatory and/or degenerative processes. The Corbett tiger had the most severe uterine alterations, in addition to an aseptic pyometra. As a result, she was treated 1 month prior to ovariohysterectomy (in order to reduce the surgical risk). The Sumatran tiger was artificially inseminated twice after hormone-induced estrus, and the Amur leopard expressed a spontaneous estrus and re-initiated mating behaviour.

Effect of exogenous progesterone on embryo size and ewe uterine gene expression in an ovine 'dam size' model of maternal constraint.

PubMed

Fermin, Lisanne M; Pain, Sarah J; Morel, Patrick C H; Gedye, Kristene R; Kenyon, Paul R; Blair, Hugh T

2017-11-21

Progesterone (P4), acting via its receptor, regulates uterine function and histotroph production, which are crucial to embryo growth. This study aimed to examine exogenous P4 effects on embryo size and differential endometrial gene expression at Day 19 of gestation using a 'dam size' sheep model of maternal constraint. Purebred Suffolk (S, genotypically large) embryos were transferred into recipient groups of Cheviot (C, genotypically small) or Suffolk ewes that had, or had not, been pre-treated with P4 from Days 0 to 6 of pregnancy. At Day 19S embryos were collected from four experimental groups: P4 pretreated S ewes (SP4; n=5), untreated S ewes (SnP4; n=15), P4 pretreated C ewes (CP4; n=7) and untreated C ewes (CnP4; n=21). Day-19 embryos from CP4 ewes were larger (P<0.05) than those from CnP4 ewes and similar in size (P>0.05) to embryos from SnP4 and SP4 ewes. Expression of mucin 1 (MUC1) and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) was upregulated in uterine horns ipsilateral to the corpus luteum from CP4 ewes. Prostaglandin receptor (PGR), MUC1 and PTGS2 expression was upregulated, whilst cathepsin L (CTSL) and radical S-adenosyl methionine domain-containing 2 (RSAD2) expression was downregulated in the ipsilateral horn of SP4 ewes. This suggests that pretreating ewes with exogenous P4 may alleviate early pregnancy maternal constraint via mechanisms that alter uterine function. However, further research is required to investigate the timing of P4 administration and its impact on conception rates.

Examination of the antioxidant effects of pre-HSG melatonin use on ovarian surface epithelium in rats: An experimental study.

PubMed

Yılmaz, Esra Saygılı; Sapmaz, Tansel; Kazgan, Halil; Yildiz, Şule Menziletoglu; Kocamaz, Derya; Akpolat, Nusret; Sapmaz, Ekrem

2018-06-28

There is no study of whether the dysplastic changes in the ovarian surface epithelium of X-ray-exposed rats during hysterosalpingography (HSG) decrease or not with the use of Lipiodol and melatonin given both intraperitoneally (i.p.) and into the suspensorium ovarii. We investigated the restorative effects of melatonin and Lipiodol administration during the HSG procedure on the dysplastic changes in the ovarian surface epithelium of X-ray-exposed rats. A total of 50 Wistar rats with regular estrous cycles were randomly divided into 5 groups. Group 1 was the control group. In other groups, X-ray was applied (group 2), 0.1 mL Lipiodol was applied to each uterine horn (group 3), 20 mg/kg intraperitoneal melatonin application was followed by 0.1 mL Lipiodol administration to each uterine horn after 15 min (group 4), and 20 mg/kg melatonin was administered to the ligamentum suspensorium ovarii, followed by 0.1 mL Lipiodol application to each uterine horn after 15 min (group 5). The rats in groups 2-5 were exposed to whole body radiation 3 times. After 3 h, the abdomens of all rats were reopened and left oophorectomy was performed. The presence of nucleoli and mitosis values were found similar among the groups. All other parameters were significantly higher in group 2 compared to other groups, except for the presence of nucleoli and mitosis values (p < 0.05). The presence of hyperchromasia and the total score were found to be the highest in group 2, followed by group 3, when compared to other groups (p < 0.05). It was detected that the detrimental effects of X-ray exposure diminished with Lipiodol use, and were further reduced by the use of melatonin in combination. We suggest that the use of melatonin and Lipiodol during HSG may prevent the carcinogenic changes exerted by radiation on the ovarian surface epithelium.

Uterine prolapse with associated rupture in a Podengo bitch.

PubMed

Payan-Carreira, R; Albuquerque, C; Abreu, H; Maltez, L

2012-08-01

A case of uterine prolapse coexisting with uterine horn rupture in a 3-year-old Portuguese Podengo bitch, which is an uncommon occurrence, is described. The female was presented with a history of recent parturition, with delivery of four healthy puppies that were normally tended and nursed. The situation developed after an uneventfully pregnancy, and no direct causative factor was identified. The duration of the prolapse was unknown, but considered to be recent because of the swollen reddish appearance of the tubular everted mass. No foetus was found in the uterus or the abdominal cavity. The female was presented in good physical condition, without signs of shock or haemorrhage. During surgical treatment, the uterus was replaced to its normal position followed by ovary-hysterectomy at 12 h from admittance. © 2011 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.

Photodynamic therapy for endometrial ablation: a study of treatment parameters and effects

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jerath, Maya R.; Hoopes, P. Jack; Manganiello, Paul D.

1995-05-01

The use of PDT for endometrial ablation has been the focus of much recent research. However, the mechanism of action, optimal treatment parameters, and long-term clinical effect are still poorly understood. This study was undertaken to further the understanding of the endometrial response to this drug/light- induced damage. Postpartum rat (Charles River) uterine horns were used as the animal model for fluorescence and treatment studies. Aminolevulinic acid was administered topically (intrauterine), and following a 0.5- to 3-hour drug incubation time, the endometrium was either removed and processed for fluorescence microscopy to assess drug localization or exposed to 150-200 J/cm2 of 630-nm laser light via a 1-cm cylindrical diffusing tip. The light=treated uterine horns were removed and histologically examine 7 to 10 days following treatment. The extent and character of uterine and endometrial damage (gross and histological analysis) were recorded for the varying light doses and incubation times. With topical (intrauterine) application of photosensitizer, incubation time and penetration ability of drug were found to be crucial factors. The use of a drug penetration enhancing vehicle produced greater tissue effects (endometrial ablation). These preliminary studies also showed that tissue effect is drug and light dose related and that the most profound effects may be vascular mediated. The study provided preliminary information for the use of PDT in gynecological applications such as endometrial ablation and female sterilization through Fallopian tube occlusion.

Endometrial carcinoma in a single horn of a bicornuate uterus: A case report.

PubMed

Gaballa, Khaled; Cicero, Carla; Gallotta, Valerio; Zannoni, Gianfranco; Scambia, Giovanni

2018-06-01

We discuss the diagnosis and the management of endometrial carcinoma in a single horn of bicornuate uterus in a 64-year-old woman as a case report. The case underwent laparoscopic radical hysterectomy and bilateral iliac lymphadenectomy. The gross examination of the uterus revealed a bicornuate uterus with a greater horn of 12 × 9 × 8 cm and a smaller horn of 10 × 3 cm. The cavity of the greater horn showed a neoplastic growth of 10 cm with infiltration of about 1,8 cm of the myometrium from whole thickness of 1.9 cm. while the other horn was free of tumor tissue. The microscopic examination of the uterus revealed G2 endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the endometrium of the greater horn with infiltration of more than 50% of the myometrium. In the presence of bicornuate uterus, a bilateral endometrial biopsy should be performed in order to reduce the risk of delayed or missed diagnosis. The management of a case of bicornuate unicollis uterus with endometrial carcinoma in only one horn is the same as patients with endometrial cancer in single uterus and depends mainly on stage and histological grade of the tumor. The possibility of existence of a separate uterine cavity should always be considered when endometrial cancer is clinically suspected but pathology fails to confirm the diagnosis. This points out the importance of a careful physical examination and radiographic evaluation in such cases. Copyright © 2018. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.

Transrectal Doppler sonography of uterine blood flow during the first two weeks after parturition in Simmenthal heifers

PubMed Central

Krüger, Lars; Leidl, Stephanie; Bollwein, Heinrich

2013-01-01

Transrectal Doppler sonography was used to evaluate uterine blood flow during the first two weeks after parturition in six primiparous Simmental cows. The uterine blood flow was evaluated on the day of parturition (Day 0), once daily from Days 1 to 8 and then every other day until Day 14. Blood flow was quantified by determining the diameter (D), the time-averaged maximum velocity (TAMV), the pulsatility index (PI) and the blood flow volume (BFV) of the uterine arteries ipsilateral and contralateral to the formerly pregnant uterine horn. During the first four days after calving D, TAMV and BFV declined (ipsilateral: TAMV 70%, BFV 87%, contralateral: D 47%, BFV 84%; p < 0.05), while PI increased (ipsilateral 158%, contralateral 100%; p < 0.05) distinctly. Between Days 4 and 14 only the ipsilateral D (12%) and the BFV of both arteries (ipsilateral 5%, contralateral 8%) decreased (p < 0.05). Blood flow variables were very strongly correlated with each other (r > ±0.75, p < 0.05), with negative correlations with PI and positive correlations with all other investigated factors. Overall, this study revealed characteristic changes in uterine perfusion during the first two weeks after parturition in cows that were pronounced during the first four days postpartum. PMID:23820167

Transrectal Doppler sonography of uterine blood flow during the first two weeks after parturition in Simmenthal heifers.

PubMed

Heppelmann, Maike; Krüger, Lars; Leidl, Stephanie; Bollwein, Heinrich

2013-01-01

Transrectal Doppler sonography was used to evaluate uterine blood flow during the first two weeks after parturition in six primiparous Simmental cows. The uterine blood flow was evaluated on the day of parturition (Day 0), once daily from Days 1 to 8 and then every other day until Day 14. Blood flow was quantified by determining the diameter (D), the time-averaged maximum velocity (TAMV), the pulsatility index (PI) and the blood flow volume (BFV) of the uterine arteries ipsilateral and contralateral to the formerly pregnant uterine horn. During the first four days after calving D, TAMV and BFV declined (ipsilateral: TAMV 70%, BFV 87%, contralateral: D 47%, BFV 84%; p < 0.05), while PI increased (ipsilateral 158%, contralateral 100%; p < 0.05) distinctly. Between Days 4 and 14 only the ipsilateral D (12%) and the BFV of both arteries (ipsilateral 5%, contralateral 8%) decreased (p < 0.05). Blood flow variables were very strongly correlated with each other (r > ±0.75, p < 0.05), with negative correlations with PI and positive correlations with all other investigated factors. Overall, this study revealed characteristic changes in uterine perfusion during the first two weeks after parturition in cows that were pronounced during the first four days postpartum.

The linear synchronization measures of uterine EMG signals: Evidence of synchronized action potentials during propagation.

PubMed

Domino, Malgorzata; Pawlinski, Bartosz; Gajewski, Zdzislaw

2016-11-01

Evaluation of synchronization between myoelectric signals can give new insights into the functioning of the complex system of porcine myometrium. We propose a model of uterine contractions according to the hypothesis of action potentials similarity which is possible to detect during propagation in the uterine wall. We introduce similarity measures based on the concept of synchronization as used in matching linear signals such as electromyographic (EMG) time series data. The aim was to present linear measures to assess synchronization between contractions in different topographic regions of the uterus. We use the cross-correlation function (ƒx,y[l], ƒy,z[l]) and the cross-coherence function (Cxy[ƒ], Cyz[ƒ]) to assess synchronization between three data series of a diestral uterine EMG bundles in porcine reproductive tract. Spontaneous uterine activity was recorded using telemetry method directly by three-channel transmitter and three silver bipolar needle electrodes sutured on different topographic regions of the reproductive tract in the sow. The results show the usefulness of the cross-coherence function in that synchronization between uterine horn and corpus uteri for multiple action potentials (bundles) could be observed. The EMG bundles synchronization may be used to investigate the direction and velocity of EMG signals propagation in porcine reproductive tract. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

A laparoscopic approach to treating torsion of a nonpregnant uterus accompanied by a large ovarian cyst in a premenarchal girl.

PubMed

Dutra, Robson Azevedo; Perez-Bóscollo, Adriana Cartafina; Ribeiro, Fernanda Cristina Silva Alves; Vietez, Nádia Bicego

2008-03-01

A 10-year-old premenarchal girl was admitted to our hospital with moderate abdominal pain, although presenting no vomiting or abdominal rebound tenderness. A large abdominal mass was visible and palpable in the periumbilical and epigastric regions. Results of physical examination revealed that the general health status was satisfactory. Computed tomographic scan revealed a large, thin-walled cyst occupying nearly the entire peritoneal cavity. The other viscera were of normal aspect. A laparoscopic approach revealed a left ovarian cystic tumor that was twisted 360 degrees in conjunction with the uterine corpus with hemorrhagic infarction. A partial hysterectomy and a left salpingo-oophorectomy were carried out. The tumor was classified as mature cystic teratoma of the ovary accompanied by hemorrhagic necrosis, not only of the cyst but also of the left uterine tube and the uterine corpus.

Placental elastography in a murine intrauterine growth restriction model.

PubMed

Quibel, T; Deloison, B; Chammings, F; Chalouhi, G E; Siauve, N; Alison, M; Bessières, B; Gennisson, J L; Clément, O; Salomon, L J

2015-11-01

To compare placental elasticity in normal versus intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) murine pregnancies using shear wave elastography (SWE). Intrauterine growth restriction was created by ligation of the left uterine artery of Sprague-Dawley rats on E17. Ultrasonography (US) and elastography were performed 2 days later on exteriorized horns after laparotomy. Biparietal diameter (BPD) and abdominal diameter (AD) were measured and compared in each horn. Placental elasticity of each placenta was compared in the right and left horns, respectively, using the Young's modulus, which increases with increasing stiffness of the tissue. Two hundred seventeen feto-placental units from 18 rats were included. Fetuses in the left ligated horn had smaller biometric measurements than those in the right horn (6.7 vs 7.2 mm, p < 0.001, and 9.2 vs 11.2 mm, p < 0.001 for BPD and AD, respectively). Mean fetal weight was lower in the pups from the left than the right horn (1.65 vs 2.11 g; p < 0.001). Mean (SD) Young's modulus was higher for placentas from the left than the right horn (11.7 ± 1.5 kPa vs 8.01 ± 3.8 kPa, respectively; p < 0.001), indicating increased stiffness in placentas from the left than the right horn. There was an inverse relationship between fetal weight and placental elasticity (r = 0.42; p < 0.001). Shear wave elastography may be used to provide quantitative elasticity measurements of the placenta. In our model, placentas from IUGR fetuses demonstrated greater stiffness, which correlated with the degree of fetal growth restriction. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

GABA function may be related to the impairment of learning and memory caused by systemic prenatal hypoxia-ischemia.

PubMed

Cunha-Rodrigues, Marta Cristina; Balduci, Cassiana Thayara do Nascimento; Tenório, Frank; Barradas, Penha Cristina

2018-03-01

Intrauterine adverse conditions may be responsible for long-lasting damages which impact health even during adult phase. Hypoxic-ischemic (HI) events are a relevant cause of newborn mortality and the principal factor leading to permanent brain lesions. Using a model in which the ovarian and uterine flux of a pregnant rat is obstructed for 45 min we have described oligodendrocyte death, astrogliosis and neuronal loss. In this work we investigated hippocampal neuronal population and performed a functional evaluation of memory and learning of young rats that had been affected by prenatal HI. Anesthetized Wistar rats on the 18th gestation day had the uterine horns exposed and the ovarian and uterine arteries clamped for 45 min (HI group). Sham-operated rats (SH group) had the horns exposed but no arteries were clamped. We measured the levels of different proteins related to excitatory/inhibitory transmission in the hippocampi of young pups (P45). Histological evaluation was also performed in order to characterize hippocampal neuronal population. Rats from both groups were tested through Novel Object Recognition Test (NORT) using two inter-trial intervals: 5 min and 8 h. Here we show a loss in the total number of hippocampal neurons although the immunostaining of parvalbumin and levels of GAD enzyme were increased in HI group. Functional assessment indicated a marked difference concerning HI learning and memory abilities. Our results reflect permanent damages concerning GABA function which may disturb neurotransmitter homeostasis leading to the observed deficits in learning and memory. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Bisphenol A, Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and Vinclozolin Affect ex-vivo Uterine Contraction in Rats via Uterotonin (Prostaglandin F2α, Acetylcholine and Oxytocin) Related Pathways.

PubMed

Salleh, Naguib; Giribabu, Nelli; Feng, Angeline Oh Mei; Myint, Kyaimon

2015-01-01

Bisphenol-A (BPA), dichrolodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and vinclozolin were found able to induce abnormal uterine contraction. The mechanisms involved remains unclear. We hypothesized that the effect of these compounds were mediated via the uterotonin pathways. Therefore, in this study, effects of BPA, vinclozolin and DDT-only and in combination with uterotonins (PGF-2α, acetylcholine and oxytocin) on the force and pattern of uterine contraction were observed. Uteri were harvested from intact adult female rats 24 hours after a single injection (1 mg/kg/b.w) of estrogen to synchronize their oestrous cycle. The uterine horns were subjected for ex-vivo contraction studies in an organ bath connected to Powerlab data acquisition system. Different doses of BPA, vinclozolin and DDT were added into the bathing solution and changes in the pattern and strength of uterine contraction were recorded. Further, increasing doses of uterotonins were concomitantly administered with these compounds and changes in the force and pattern of contraction were observed. In the absence of uterotonins, uterine contractile force decreased with increasing doses of BPA and DDT. However, vinclozolin induced sharp increase in the contractile forces which then gradually decrease. Administration of BPA, DDT and vinclozolin alone reduced the force of uterine contraction following stimulation of contraction by uterotonins. However, BPA, vinclozolin or DDT effects were relieved upon co-administration with uterotonins at increasing doses. The antagonizing effect of uterotonins on BPA, vinclozolin and DDT actions could explain the mechanism underlying the adverse effect of these compounds on uterine contraction.

Bisphenol A, Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and Vinclozolin Affect ex-vivo Uterine Contraction in Rats via Uterotonin (Prostaglandin F2α, Acetylcholine and Oxytocin) Related Pathways

PubMed Central

Salleh, Naguib; Giribabu, Nelli; Feng, Angeline Oh Mei; Myint, Kyaimon

2015-01-01

Bisphenol-A (BPA), dichrolodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and vinclozolin were found able to induce abnormal uterine contraction. The mechanisms involved remains unclear. We hypothesized that the effect of these compounds were mediated via the uterotonin pathways. Therefore, in this study, effects of BPA, vinclozolin and DDT-only and in combination with uterotonins (PGF-2α, acetylcholine and oxytocin) on the force and pattern of uterine contraction were observed. Methods: Uteri were harvested from intact adult female rats 24 hours after a single injection (1 mg/kg/b.w) of estrogen to synchronize their oestrous cycle. The uterine horns were subjected for ex-vivo contraction studies in an organ bath connected to Powerlab data acquisition system. Different doses of BPA, vinclozolin and DDT were added into the bathing solution and changes in the pattern and strength of uterine contraction were recorded. Further, increasing doses of uterotonins were concomitantly administered with these compounds and changes in the force and pattern of contraction were observed. Results: In the absence of uterotonins, uterine contractile force decreased with increasing doses of BPA and DDT. However, vinclozolin induced sharp increase in the contractile forces which then gradually decrease. Administration of BPA, DDT and vinclozolin alone reduced the force of uterine contraction following stimulation of contraction by uterotonins. However, BPA, vinclozolin or DDT effects were relieved upon co-administration with uterotonins at increasing doses. Conclusions: The antagonizing effect of uterotonins on BPA, vinclozolin and DDT actions could explain the mechanism underlying the adverse effect of these compounds on uterine contraction. PMID:26640411

The bovine endometrial epithelial cells promote the differentiation of trophoblast stem-like cells to binucleate trophoblast cells.

PubMed

Li, Xiawei; Li, Zhiying; Hou, Dongxia; Zhao, Yuhang; Wang, Chen; Li, Xueling

2016-12-01

Endometrial epithelial cells (EECs) cultured in vitro are valuable tools for investigating embryo implantation and trophoblast differentiation. In this study, we have established the bovine EECs and trophoblast stem-like (TS) coculture system, and used it to investigate the binucleate cell formation of ungulates. The EECs was derived from the uterine horn ipsilateral to the corpus luteum by using collagenase I and deoxyribonuclease I, which exhibited typical epithelial morphology and were expressing bovine uterine epithelial marker such as IFNAR1, IFNAR2, Erα, PGR, ESR1 and KRT18. The cells immunostained positively by epithelial and trophectoderm marker cytokeratin 18 (KRT18) and stromal marker vimentin antibodies, and the KRT18 positive cells reached 99 %. The EECs can be cultured for up to 20 passages in vitro with no significant morphology changes and uterine epithelial marker gene expression alteration. The bTS cells were established in a dual inhibitor system and exhibited typical trophoblast stem cell characteristics. When bTS cells were cultured with EECs, the bTS cells adhered to the EECs as adhering to feeder cells. Binucleate cells began appearing on day 4 of coculture and reached approximately 18.47 % of the differentiated cells. Quantitative real-time PCR or immunofluorescence analyses were performed on bTS cells cocultured at day 6 and day 12. The results showed that the expression level of KRT18 was down-regulated while the expression level of trophoblast differentiation marker MASH2, HAND1, GCM1 and CDX2 was up-regulated in bTS cells. In conclusion, bovine EECs can be obtained from the uterine horn ipsilateral to the corpus luteum via treatment with collagenase I and deoxyribonuclease I, and the EECs-bTS cells coculture system presents an ideal tool for studying the differentiation of bTS cells to trophoblast binucleate cells.

Preliminary assessment of a hysteroscopic fallopian tube heat and biomaterial technology for permanent female sterilization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Divakar, Prajan; Trembly, B. Stuart; Moodie, Karen L.; Hoopes, P. Jack; Wegst, Ulrike G. K.

2017-02-01

Recent failures in hysteroscopic female sterilization procedures have brought into question the implantation of nonresorbable metal devices into the fallopian tubes due to long-term risks such as migration, fragmentation, and tubal perforation. The goal of this study is to assess whether a porous, biodegradable implant can be deposited into the fallopian tube lumen with or without a local mild heat treatment to generate a safe and permanent fallopian tube occlusion/sterilization event. The technologies investigated included freeze-cast collagen-based scaffolds and magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) based scaffolds. In vitro assessment of iron oxide MNP-based scaffolds was performed to determine the absorption rate density (ARD); subsequent computational modeling quantified the thermal in vivo steady state temperature as a function of tubal radius for treatment planning. For collagen-based scaffolds, in vivo testing was performed to study the biocompatibility in a mouse flank model, followed by implantation into an in vivo anestrus feline uterine horn (animal model for the fallopian tube). Biological responses were studied histopathologically. Uterine horn patency was assessed via radiographic imaging. Preliminary studies suggest the MNP-impregnated scaffold and a safe, noninvasive AMF excitation field have potential to generate a sufficient focal fallopian tube thermal dose to create a fibrotic healing event and ultimately, permanent tubal occlusion.

Exuberant mucometra associated with atresia of the cervix in a queen.

PubMed

Batista-Arteaga, M; Santana, M; Espinosa-de-los-Monteros, A; Déniz, S; Alamo, D; Herráez, P

2012-10-01

This short communication reports the clinical, ultrasonographic and histopathological findings in a cat with atresia of the uterine cervix and mucometra. After 6 months of continuous oestrous behaviour, a remarkable abdominal enlargement was observed in a 14-year-old queen. A presumptive diagnosis of mucometra was concluded after the ultrasound evaluation and based on clinical signs and blood analyses. Ovariohysterectomy revealed a notable symmetrical distension (4-5 cm in diameter) of both uterine horns that were filled with fluid (690 ml); microbiological analyses confirmed the aseptic nature of the uterine fluid. Ovarian follicular cysts and cystic subsurface epithelial structures, >1.5 cm in diameter, were present in both ovaries and no corpora lutea were observed. Gross and microscopic evaluation of the uterus confirmed the development of cystic endometrial hyperplasia and the absence of an internal cervical os. The endometrial hyperplasia and mucometra could have developed as a consequence of repeated oestrogenic stimulation. © 2011 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.

Effect of curettage and copper wire on rabbit endometrium: a novel rabbit model of endometrial mechanical injury.

PubMed

Li, Li; Shi, Jing; Zhang, Qiu-Fang; Yan, Jie; Yan, Li-Ying; Shen, Fei; Qiao, Jie; Feng, Huai-Liang

2011-06-01

It remains almost a helpless situation for the recurrent implantation failure and pregnancy loss caused by endometrial injury at present. The purpose of this study was to develop a rabbit model of endometrial mechanical injury that could provide a research platform for this difficult clinical predicament. Three experiments were conducted. Experiment 1: Curettages in both uterus horns and copper wire inserting after curettage (double-injury) in one horn. The histological changes were monitored at 0, 24, 48, 72 hours, as well as in 1 and 2 weeks after operation. Experiment 2: Direct copper wire inserting in one horn and double-injury in other horn. The wires in both horns were removed after 2 weeks. The histological changes were recorded at 0, 1 and 2 weeks after wire removal. Experiment 3: Double-injury procedure in one horn was performed and wire was removed after 2 weeks; another horn was remained normal to serve as control. Histological changes were recorded, tissue areas were measured, and proliferation indices (PIs, %) were calculated at 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks after wire removal, respectively. The experiments revealed that the injured endometrium by simple curettage or copper wire could be fully repaired. While the endometrial regeneration was severely impaired by double-injury, both areas of endometrium and uterine cavity decreased (P < 0.05); both PIs of glandular epithelial and stromal cells increased and reached maximum at 4 weeks (P < 0.05), but returned by 8 weeks. This study demonstrated that a rabbit model of endometrial injury could be effectively established through a double-injury procedure of curettage and copper wire with comparable clinical index.

Effect of exogenous estradiol Benzoate on uterine blood flow in postpartum dairy cows.

PubMed

Rawy, Mohamed; Mido, Shogo; El-Sheikh Ali, Hossam; Derar, Derar; Megahed, Gaber; Kitahara, Go; Osawa, Takeshi

2018-05-01

The objective of this study was to assess the uterine blood flow following estradiol benzoate administration in Holstein-Friesian dairy cows by trans-rectal color Doppler ultrasonography. Six healthy lactating Holstein-Friesian cows were examined daily for 10 days starting at 4 weeks postpartum. All the cows, which were clinically healthy based on vaginal mucus scoring and endometrial cytology, were examined by trans-rectal Doppler ultrasonography to measure pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI), time average maximum velocity (TAMAX), blood flow volume (BFV) and diameter in the uterine arteries ipsilateral and contralateral to the previously pregnant uterine horn. On the third day of the experiment, the six cows were administered 10 mg intramuscular injection of estradiol-17β (E 2 ).Blood samples were collected at the time of daily examination for the assessment ofE 2 concentrations.The PI and RI values decreased while TAMAX, BFV and diameter of uterine arteries increased in response toE 2 administration (P < 0.05).There was a high correlation between both the ipsilateral and contralateral uterine arteries for all variables that were studied(r = 0.860, P < 0.0001, r = 0.922, P < 0.0001, r = 0.651, P < 0.0001, r = 0.879, P < 0.0001, r = 0.861, P < 0.0001 for the PI, RI, TAMAX, BFV and uterine arteries diameter, respectively).In conclusion, the greater blood concentrations ofE 2 may be responsible for the greater TAMAX, BFV, increased diameters and decreased PI and RI of the uterine arteries during the puerperium in dairy cows. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Anatomy and histology of the reproductive tract of the female Babirusa (Babyrousa celebensis).

PubMed

Ziehmer, B; Ogle, S; Signorella, A; Knorr, C; Macdonald, A A

2010-07-15

The anatomy and histology of the female reproductive tract of the Indonesian wild pig Babyrousa celebensis was studied by means of reproductive tracts obtained from seven animals aged between two and 22 years of age. The ovary appeared to have the ability to ovulate up to four ova at one time. However, the combined ovarian output seemed to average 1.86 ova. Ovulation can take place at any time from puberty to old age (22 years). The opening to the uterine tube was indicated by a 'flower-like' array of tall, broad epithelial 'petals' arising from the luminal surface of the funnel. The mucosal surfaces of these structures were covered in a mixture of prominent ciliated cells and bulbous secretory cells. The uterine tube followed a tightly convoluted path to the tip of the uterine horn. The uterus was proportionately short. The anatomical construction of the uterus was similar to those of other suids in that the columnar endometrium was heavily folded, there was a rich supply of uterine glands in the lamina propria, and the uterus was provided with a good blood supply. The cervix was thick walled and had a spiral lumen. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Development and evaluation of deep intra-uterine artificial insemination using cryopreserved sexed spermatozoa in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus).

PubMed

Robeck, Todd R; Montano, G A; Steinman, K J; Smolensky, P; Sweeney, J; Osborn, S; O'Brien, J K

2013-06-01

Since its development in bottlenose dolphins, widespread application of AI with sex-selected, frozen-thawed (FT) spermatozoa has been limited by the significant expense of the sorting process. Reducing the total number of progressively motile sperm (PMS) required for an AI would reduce the sorting cost. As such, this research compared the efficacy of small-dose deep uterine AI with sexed FT spermatozoa (SEXED-SMALL; ~50×10(6)PMS, n=20), to a moderate dose deposited mid-horn (SEXED-STD, ~200×10(6)PMS; n=20), and a large dose of FT non-sexed spermatozoa deposited in the uterine body (NONSEXED-LARGE, 660×10(6)PMS, n=9). Ten of the 11 calves resulting from use of sexed spermatozoa were of the predetermined sex. Similar rates of conception (NONSEXED-LARGE: 78%, SEXED-STD: 60%, SEXED-SMALL: 57%) and total pregnancy loss (TPL: NONSEXED-LARGE: 28.6%; SEXED-STD: 41.0%; SEXED-SMALL: 63.6%) were observed across groups, but early pregnancy loss (EPL,

A lifetime cancer bioassay of quinacrine administered into the uterine horns of female rats.

PubMed

Cancel, Aida M; Dillberger, John E; Kelly, Catherine M; Bolte, Henry F; Creasy, Dianne M; Sokal, David C

2010-03-01

This study investigated if quinacrine can induce a tumorigenic response in rats when administered in a manner similar to the intended human use for female non-surgical sterilization. Young sexually mature female rats received two doses of quinacrine (or 1% methylcellulose control) into each uterine horn approximately 21 days apart, and were observed for 23 months after the second dose administration. Dose levels were 0/0, 0/0, 10/10, 70/70, and 70/250-350 mg/kg (first dose/second dose), which represent local doses in the uterus at approximate multiples of 1x, 8x and 40x the human dose (mg quinacrine/g uterine weight) used for female non-surgical sterilization. Rats were observed for viability, clinical signs of toxicity, and changes in body weight and food consumption. At necropsy, selected organs were weighed, macroscopic observations were recorded, and tissues were collected, fixed, processed, and examined for microscopic pathologic findings. Acute quinacrine toxicity was evident during the dosing period but did not affect long-term survival. Non-neoplastic findings were more common in treated animals than controls, providing evidence of the appropriateness of the bioassay. The incidence of uncommon tumors of the reproductive tract was similar to controls at doses of 10/10mg/kg but increased with dose level and was significantly greater than controls at >or=70/70 mg/kg. We conclude that two doses of quinacrine administered approximately 21 days apart into the uterus of young sexually mature rats at a local dose approximately 8 times the human dose used for non-surgical female sterilization increased the lifetime risk of tumor development in the reproductive tract. (c) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Presence of a temperature gradient among genital tract portions and the thermal changes within these portions over the estrous cycle in beef cows.

PubMed

El-Sheikh Ali, Hossam; Kitahara, Go; Tamura, Youji; Kobayashi, Ikuo; Hemmi, Koichiro; Torisu, Shidow; Sameshima, Hiroshi; Horii, Yoichiro; Zaabel, Samy; Kamimura, Shunichi

2013-01-01

The aim of the present study was to describe the temperature of the different portions of the female genital tract and their relation to rectal temperature and to investigate the effect of steroid hormones profiles on these variables over the estrous cycle in cattle. Four nonpregnant Japanese Black cows were investigated daily over two successive estrous cycles using a digital thermometer with a long probe and rounded-end sensor to record the temperature of the rectum (RT), vagina (VT), cervix (CT), uterine body (UBT) and uterine horns (UHT). Blood samples were collected immediately before temperature recording to assay peripheral levels of progesterone (P(4)) and estradiol-17β (E(2)). Moreover, transrectal ultrasonography was carried out after temperature recording to monitor the ovulatory follicle and track ovulation. During the experiment, the ambient temperature and relative humidity were recorded for further calculation of the temperature humidity index (THI). The temperature within the genital tracts in these cows progressively increased towards the uterine horns from the vagina. The VT, CT, UBT and UHTs were significantly higher in association with peripheral P(4) concentrations greater than 4 ng/ml (mid-luteal phase) when compared with lower peripheral P(4) concentrations. The VT was more significantly (P<0.01) correlated to the CT, UBT and UHTs than RT. In conclusion, a temperature gradient was present among the vagina, cervix and uterus over the estrous cycle, and changes in peripheral P(4) concentrations were associated with the thermal variations within these portions. The VT could be more beneficial than RT in monitoring temperature of deeper portions of the female genital tract in bovine.

Presence of a Temperature Gradient Among Genital Tract Portions and the Thermal Changes Within These Portions Over the Estrous Cycle in Beef Cows

PubMed Central

EL-SHEIKH ALI, Hossam; KITAHARA, Go; TAMURA, Youji; KOBAYASHI, Ikuo; HEMMI, Koichiro; TORISU, Shidow; SAMESHIMA, Hiroshi; HORII, Yoichiro; ZAABEL, Samy; KAMIMURA, Shunichi

2012-01-01

Abstract The aim of the present study was to describe the temperature of the different portions of the female genital tract and their relation to rectal temperature and to investigate the effect of steroid hormones profiles on these variables over the estrous cycle in cattle. Four nonpregnant Japanese Black cows were investigated daily over two successive estrous cycles using a digital thermometer with a long probe and rounded-end sensor to record the temperature of the rectum (RT), vagina (VT), cervix (CT), uterine body (UBT) and uterine horns (UHT). Blood samples were collected immediately before temperature recording to assay peripheral levels of progesterone (P4) and estradiol-17β (E2). Moreover, transrectal ultrasonography was carried out after temperature recording to monitor the ovulatory follicle and track ovulation. During the experiment, the ambient temperature and relative humidity were recorded for further calculation of the temperature humidity index (THI). The temperature within the genital tracts in these cows progressively increased towards the uterine horns from the vagina. The VT, CT, UBT and UHTs were significantly higher in association with peripheral P4 concentrations greater than 4 ng/ml (mid-luteal phase) when compared with lower peripheral P4 concentrations. The VT was more significantly (P<0.01) correlated to the CT, UBT and UHTs than RT. In conclusion, a temperature gradient was present among the vagina, cervix and uterus over the estrous cycle, and changes in peripheral P4 concentrations were associated with the thermal variations within these portions. The VT could be more beneficial than RT in monitoring temperature of deeper portions of the female genital tract in bovine. PMID:23095515

Effects of creep feeding, zeranol implants and breed type on beef production: II. Reproductive development and fat deposition in heifers.

PubMed

Prichard, D L; Marshall, T T; Hargrove, D D; Olson, T A

1989-03-01

Effects of preweaning creep feeding and zeranol implants on reproductive tract development and udder and s.c. fat deposition were studied in 24 weanling heifers (7 mo of age) with Brahman and Romana Red sires and Angus and Angus x Brown Swiss F1 reciprocal crossbred dams. Creep treatment did not affect (P greater than .19) ovarian weight, ovarian size, uterine horn diameter or follicle number. Heifers from the three creep treatments did not differ (P greater than .25) in udder weight, total lipid or percentage of lipid in the udder. Noncreep-fed (NC) heifers had a greater (P less than .02) number of adipocytes/gram of udder tissue than did the long-term creep-fed (LC) and short-term creep-fed (SC) heifers. The LC heifers had larger udder (166.0 vs 152.7 m) and s.c. adipocytes (166.7 vs 148.8 m) than NC heifers. Heifers implanted with zeranol at 56 and 146 d of age had a greater (P less than .03) uterine horn diameter and heavier (P less than .02) uterine weight than unimplanted heifers. Percentage of lipid in the udder was lower (P less than .02) in heifers implanted with zeranol. Implanted heifers had smaller (P less than .10) s.c. adipocytes than unimplanted heifers. Breed of dam did not effect (P greater than .17) development of the reproductive tract of weanling heifers. Heifers from Angus dams had smaller (P less than .08) udders and less (P less than .10) total fat in the udder than those from F1 dams, and the heifers from F1 dams tended (P less than .12) to have larger udder adipocytes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zhuang Wenquan; Tan Guosheng; Guo Wenbo, E-mail: patrickguo2008@163.com

Objective: This study was designed to establish guinea pigs as an animal model for uterine artery embolization (UAE) with tris-acryl gelatin microspheres (TAGM). Methods: Twenty-five female adult guinea pigs were randomly divided into two groups, including a uterine artery casting mould group (n = 10) and a UAE group (n = 15). Pelvic angiography and vascular casting mould were performed in the first group. The anatomical characters of the pelvic cavity in guinea pigs were described. In the second group, the technical feasibility of performing UAE with TAGM in guinea pigs was investigated. The histopathological slides of the uterus ofmore » guinea pigs after UAE were examined to inspect the outcomes of UAE. Results: The uterine artery springs from the internal iliac artery, ascends tortuously along the cervix, and gives off vertically 8-10 branches to the cervix uteri and uterine horns. The diameters of the trunk of the uterine artery and its first branch were 0.32 {+-} 0.027 mm and 0.14 {+-} 0.01 mm, respectively. For UAE animals, the dosages of 40-120 and 100-300 {mu}m TAGM were 0.033 {+-} 0.003 ml and 0.015 {+-} 0.002 ml, respectively. On histopathological slides, embosphere particles were found in the first branches of the uterine artery, the subserous arteries, and the intramural arteries. Inflammatory reactions in the uterus were common in guinea pigs after UAE. Local or dispersed areas of necrosis in uterus also were observed in a few guinea pigs. Conclusions: Guinea pigs are an appropriate and feasible model for UAE with TAGM.« less

Comparison of Intrauterine Antibiotics versus Ozone Medical Use in Sheep with Retained Placenta and Following Obstetric Assistance.

PubMed

Đuričić, D; Valpotić, H; Žura Žaja, I; Samardžija, M

2016-08-01

This study outlines a new approach to reproductive tract treatment using ozone foam spray for certain ovine obstetrical problems, such as retained foetal membranes and possible uterine infections following obstetric assistance (OA), in comparison with classical antibiotics treatments. The study was conducted on 256 ewes from 11 sheep farms in north-western Croatia. A total of 139 ewes were diagnosed with dystocia (DT) and 49 with retention of placenta (RP). Ewes with RP were treated either with ozone foam spray (Riger spray G; Novagen(®) ) applied into the body of the uterus for 2-3 s (first or RPO group; n = 24) or with two foaming, intrauterine tablets of oxytetracycline hydrochloride (Geomycin(®) F) (second or RPA group; n = 25). The third and fourth groups consisted of ewes that received OA for dystocia (including ringwomb, foetal oversize and assistance of abnormal position and posture). The third group (DTO; n = 70) was treated with ozone foam spray, while ewes in fourth group (DTA; n = 69) were treated with antibiotics. The ewes in the control group (CTL) with physiological puerperium were randomly selected (n = 70) from all herds. Transrectal ultrasonography (transversal diameter of uterine horns) was used for the control of uterus regression on days 2 and 25 after parturition. There was a difference in transversal uterine horn diameter in the RP groups, that is RPO and RPA (5.40 ± 0.53 cm vs. 5.43 ± 0.40 cm), ewes with dystocia, that is DTO and DTA (5.37 ± 0.49 cm vs. 5.54 ± 0.60 cm) and ewes from the CTL group (4.98 ± 0.35 cm) one day after parturition. Average transversal uterine diameter of all groups at day 25 post-partum was 1.80 ± 0.15 cm. The intrauterine ozone treatment in ewes with RP and after manual obstetrics attained similar results to spontaneously delivered ewes (CTL group), showed as the physiological regression of the uterus with a similar transversal diameter without the presence of lochia in the uterine lumen, indicating that this could be a novel potential alternative therapy. © 2016 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.

A new triaenophorid tapeworm from blackfish Centrolophus niger.

PubMed

Kuchta, Roman; Scholz, Tomás

2008-04-01

Milanella familiaris n. gen. and n. sp. (Bothriocephalidea: Triaenophoridae) is proposed to accommodate a new cestode from blackfish Centrolophus niger (Gmelin) (Perciformes: Centrolophidae). Milanella is characterized as follows: trapeziform, i.e., markedly craspedote proglottids with a velum-like posterior margin and horn like lateral projections; pyriform uterine sac in the first gravid proglottids; arrow-shaped scolex with well-developed apical disc and prominent posterior margins; strobila with intensively stained corpuscles, most numerous in the anterior part; deeply lobated ovary; absence of a neck; a large, pyriform, thin-walled cirrus-sac with the proximal part bent anteromedially; vagina posterior to the cirrus-sac; and cortical vitelline follicles. Milanella most closely resembles Bathycestus Kuchta and Scholz, 2004, Pistana Campbell and Gartner, 1982, and Probothriocephalus Campbell, 1979, differing mainly in the shape of proglottids and uterine sac.

Endometrial cancer with congenital uterine anomalies: 3 case reports and a literature review.

PubMed

Gao, Jinping; Zhang, Jintian; Tian, Wenyan; Teng, Fei; Zhang, Huiying; Zhang, Xuhong; Wang, Yingmei; Xue, Fengxia

2017-03-04

Uterine malformation is a rare deformity in woman, and only a few cases concerning endometrial cancer arising in patients with congenital uterine anomalies have been reported. Herein, we present 3 cases of endometrial cancer with different congenital uterine anomalies, and review studies involving congenital uterine anomalies associated with endometrial cancer in the past 25 years, to identify similarities and differences in clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis between endometrial cancer associated with uterine anomalies, and normal uterus. Case 1 was a 75-year-old gravida 1, para 0, woman with carcinosarcoma (mixed well-differentiated endometrial adenocarcinoma and undifferentiated sarcoma) of the right cavity (grade III, and at least stage II ) of a uterus didelphys. The tumor recurred within 7 months after surgery, salvage radiotherapy was unsuccessful; the patient died 8 months after the surgery. Case 2 was a 63-year-old gravida 5, para 3, woman with a bicornuate uterus and uterus papillary serous carcinoma of the right horn (grade III, stage IIIC). She did not respond to the chemotherapy post surgery and died within 4 months. Case 3 was a 60-year-old gravida 0, para 0, woman with a complete septate uterus and an oblique vaginal septum of the upper region of the vagina with endometrioid adenocarchcinoma of the left cavity (grade II, stage IA). No adjuvant therapy was administered and the patient had recovered 2 y after the surgery. Clinicians should be aware of the coexistence of uterine malignancies and uterine anomalies in patients presenting with persistent abnormal uterine bleeding, but with negative endometrial biopsy or failed in the operation of endometrial biopsy. In such cases, magnetic resonance imaging has an important role in the diagnosis of both malformation and malignancy, and an exploratory laparotomy should be performed to avoid delaying the diagnosis and treatment of cancers.

Endometrial cancer with congenital uterine anomalies: 3 case reports and a literature review

PubMed Central

Gao, Jinping; Zhang, Jintian; Tian, Wenyan; Teng, Fei; Zhang, Huiying; Zhang, Xuhong; Wang, Yingmei; Xue, Fengxia

2017-01-01

ABSTRACT Background: Uterine malformation is a rare deformity in woman, and only a few cases concerning endometrial cancer arising in patients with congenital uterine anomalies have been reported. Herein, we present 3 cases of endometrial cancer with different congenital uterine anomalies, and review studies involving congenital uterine anomalies associated with endometrial cancer in the past 25 years, to identify similarities and differences in clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis between endometrial cancer associated with uterine anomalies, and normal uterus. Cases: Case 1 was a 75-year-old gravida 1, para 0, woman with carcinosarcoma (mixed well-differentiated endometrial adenocarcinoma and undifferentiated sarcoma) of the right cavity (grade III, and at least stage II ) of a uterus didelphys. The tumor recurred within 7 months after surgery, salvage radiotherapy was unsuccessful; the patient died 8 months after the surgery. Case 2 was a 63-year-old gravida 5, para 3, woman with a bicornuate uterus and uterus papillary serous carcinoma of the right horn (grade III, stage IIIC). She did not respond to the chemotherapy post surgery and died within 4 months. Case 3 was a 60-year-old gravida 0, para 0, woman with a complete septate uterus and an oblique vaginal septum of the upper region of the vagina with endometrioid adenocarchcinoma of the left cavity (grade II, stage IA). No adjuvant therapy was administered and the patient had recovered 2 y after the surgery. Conclusion: Clinicians should be aware of the coexistence of uterine malignancies and uterine anomalies in patients presenting with persistent abnormal uterine bleeding, but with negative endometrial biopsy or failed in the operation of endometrial biopsy. In such cases, magnetic resonance imaging has an important role in the diagnosis of both malformation and malignancy, and an exploratory laparotomy should be performed to avoid delaying the diagnosis and treatment of cancers. PMID:28118070

Effect of postpartum suppression of ovulation on uterine involution in dairy cows.

PubMed

Heppelmann, M; Brömmling, A; Weinert, M; Piechotta, M; Wrenzycki, C; Bollwein, H

2013-09-15

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of time of first postpartum ovulation after calving on uterine involution in dairy cows with and without uterine puerperal disease. Transvaginal follicular puncture (FP) of follicles >6 mm suppressed ovulation and development of a CL until Day 42 after calving. Fifty-three lactating Holstein Friesian cows (3.4 ± 1.2 years old, parity 2.5 ± 1.0 [median ± mean absolute deviation]) were divided into groups on the basis of the presence (UD+) or absence (UD-) of uterine disease and whether FP was carried out (FP+) or not (FP-). Uterine disease was defined as the occurrence of retained fetal membranes and/or metritis. This resulted in the following groups: UD-FP- (n = 15), UD-FP+ (n = 13), UD+FP- (n = 13), and UD+FP+ (n = 12). A general examination, vaginoscopy, transrectal palpation, and transrectal B-mode sonography of the reproductive organs were conducted on Days 8, 11, 18, and 25 and then every 10 days until Day 65 after calving. After hormonal synchronization of ovulation (cloprostenol between Days 55 and 60 postpartum and GnRH 2 days later), cows were inseminated in the next spontaneous estrus. On average, the cows ovulated on Day 21.0 ± 6.0 (UD-FP-), 50.0 ± 4.0 (UD-FP+), 16.0 ± 3.0 (UD+FP-), and 48.0 ± 2.0 (UD+FP+) postpartum. Calving-to-conception interval and first-service conception rates were not affected by FP (P > 0.05). Healthy cows with FP had smaller (P < 0.05) uterine horn and cervical diameters assessed sonographically than cows without FP. FP reduced the prevalence of purulent vaginal discharge and uterine size assessed transrectally in UD+ cows (P < 0.05). The results showed that suppression of an early ovulation by transvaginal FP improved uterine involution in cows with and without uterine disease. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

L-Arginine supplementation 0.5% of diet during the last 90 days of gestation and 14 days postpartum reduced uterine fluid accumulation in the broodmare.

PubMed

Mesa, A M; Warren, L K; Sheehan, J M; Kelley, D E; Mortensen, C J

2015-08-01

L-Arginine is an essential amino acid in many species that has been shown to influence reproduction. However, in horses a dose of 1% L-arginine of total dietary intake impaired absorption of other amino acids, whereas a dose of 0.5% did not. The objectives of this experiment were to evaluate postpartum parameters on mares supplemented with 0.5% L-arginine through the last 90d of gestation and 14d postpartum. Sixteen light-horse mares were randomly divided in two groups: 8 mares supplemented with 0.5% L-arginine and 8 mares fed an isonitrogenous equivalent. Gestation length, days to uterine clearance and days to first ovulation were compared. Uterine body depth, diameter of uterine horns, and length of largest pocket of uterine fluid were recorded daily via transrectal ultrasound. Measurements of foal weight, height, and cannon bone circumference were recorded for 9 weeks. Arginine treatment had no effect on gestation length (P=0.58). Supplemented mares cleared fluid quicker postpartum (6.8±0.53d; P=0.026) compared to control (9.0±0.38d). Mares supplemented with L-arginine had smaller diameter of fluid present in the postpartum uterus (P≤0.05). Days to first postpartum ovulation were not affected by treatment nor any influence on uterine involution. Finally, treatment had no effect on any foal's measured parameters. L-Arginine supplementation fed at 0.5% of daily intake during the last 90d of gestation and early postpartum in mares decreased uterine fluid accumulation, yet did not appear to have any effect on any other parameters measured. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Acute Dermal Toxicity of Diethyleneglycol Dinitrate (TEGDN) in Rabbits

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-01-01

hydrometra, left uterine horn. 36483 - 84F690 Female - No lesions. 36484 - 84F691 Female - Ears - otitis media , purulent, bilateral. 36485- 84F692...Female - Liver - four white foci, 2-4mm in diameter Ears - otitis media , purulent, bilateral 36486 - 84F693 Female - Skin - diffuse red mottling over...spine; Ears - otitis media , purulent, bilateral. 3b487 - 84F704 Male - No lesions. 36488 - 84F705 Male - No lesions. 36489 - 84F706 Half Cecum

Chelidonium majus and its effects on uterine contractility in a perfusion model.

PubMed

Kuenzel, Julian; Geisler, Klaudija; Strahl, Olga; Grundtner, Philipp; Beckmann, Matthias W; Dittrich, Ralf

2013-07-01

The herbal agent celandine is thought to have mainly spasmolytic effects, but in the uterus it is regarded as promoting contractions, which can offer promising and innovative options for optimizing artificial reproduction. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of celandine on the uterine muscle, using a perfusion model of swine uteri. Sixteen swine uteri were perfused with Krebs-Ringer solution. Celandine (Chelidonium, Paverysat; Johannes Bürger Ysatfabrik Ltd., Bad Harzburg, Germany) was administered at increasing dosages. Intrauterine pressure (IUP) was recorded using an intrauterine double-chip microcatheter (Urobar 8 DS-F, Raumedic, Rehau AG & Co., Rehau, Germany). Differences in pressure (ΔP) and area under the curve (ΔAUC) after drug administration in the uterine body and uterine horn in the various dilution series were noted. A paired Student's t-test was used to evaluate differences between groups, with significance set at P<0.05. A significant initial increase in uterine activity was visible at each dosage. Inhibition of uterine activity was seen over longer periods of 5 and 10 min, particularly for a medium-dose range of 1-2mg/ml. At a dosage of 2mg/ml in particular, celandine almost always led to significant values. Following intra-arterial administration in a swine uterus perfusion model, celandine initially causes a significant increase in contractility, which is followed over time by a relaxation phase. This suggests interesting hypotheses on whether Chelidonium majus might be used to promote targeted sperm transport. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

The fate of autologous endometrial mesenchymal stromal cells after application in the healthy equine uterus.

PubMed

Rink, Elisabeth; Beyer, Teresa; French, Hilari; Watson, Elaine; Aurich, Christine; Donadeu, Xavier

2018-05-23

Because of their distinct differentiation, immunomodulatory and migratory capacities, endometrial mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) may provide an optimum source of therapeutic cells not only in relation to the uterus but also for regeneration of other tissues. This study reports the fate of endometrial MSCs following intrauterine application in mares. Stromal cell fractions were isolated from endometrial biopsies taken from seven reproductively healthy mares, expanded and fluorescence-labeled in culture. MSCs (15 x 106) or PBS were autologously infused into each uterine horn during early diestrus and subsequently tracked by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry of endometrial biopsies and blood samples taken periodically after infusion. The inflammatory response to cell infusion was monitored in endometrial cytology samples. MSCs were detected in endometrial sections at 6, 12 and 24 hours but not later (7 or 14 days) after cell infusion. Cells were in all cases located in the uterine lumen, never within endometrial tissue. No fluorescence signal was detected in blood samples at any time point after infusion. Cytology analyses showed an increase in %PMN between 1 and 3 hours after uterine infusion with either MSCs or PBS, and a further increase by 6 hours only in mares infused with PBS. In summary, endometrial MSCs were detected in the uterine lumen for up to 24 h after infusion but did not migrate into healthy endometrium. Moreover, MSCs effectively attenuated the inflammatory response to uterine infusion. We conclude that endometrial MSCs obtained from routine uterine biopsies could provide a safe and effective cell source for treatment of inflammatory conditions of the uterus and potentially other tissues.

Persistent Mullerian duct syndrome in a Miniature Schnauzer dog with signs of feminization and a Sertoli cell tumour.

PubMed

Vegter, A R; Kooistra, H S; van Sluijs, F J; van Bruggen, L W L; Ijzer, J; Zijlstra, C; Okkens, A C

2010-06-01

A 5-year-old male Miniature Schnauzer was presented with unilateral cryptorchidism and signs of feminization. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed an enlarged right testis and a large, fluid-filled cavity that appeared to arise from the prostate. Computed tomography revealed the cavity to be consistent with an enlarged uterine body, arising from the prostate, and showed two structures resembling uterine horns that terminated close to the adjacent testes. The dog had a normal male karyotype, 78 XY. Gonadohysterectomy was performed and both the surgical and the histological findings confirmed the presence of a uterus in this male animal, resulting in a diagnosis of persistent Mullerian duct syndrome (PMDS). The enlarged intra-abdominal testis contained a Sertoli cell tumour. Computed tomography proved to be an excellent diagnostic tool for PMDS.

Levonorgestrel Intrauterine Device Placement in a Premenopausal Breast Cancer Patient with a Bicornuate Uterus.

PubMed

Eskew, Ashley M; Crane, Erin K

2016-01-01

Young women with breast cancer face contraceptive challenges. Data are limited and conflicting on the use of the levonorgestrel intrauterine device (LNG-IUD) in this patient population. A 32-year-old nulligravid woman with a history of breast cancer on tamoxifen presented with new-onset vaginal bleeding. Further workup revealed a previously undiagnosed bicornuate uterus. She underwent hysteroscopy, dilation and curettage, and LNG-IUD placement in each uterine horn. Postoperative follow-up confirmed retention and proper placement of both IUDs. Pathology from the dilation and curettage was benign, and the abnormal uterine bleeding abated. LNG-IUD placement in a young patient with a personal history of breast cancer on tamoxifen and a bicornuate uterus is a safe and feasible alternative for contraception. Copyright © 2016 AAGL. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Time course of the establishment of uterine seawater conditions in late-term pregnant spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias).

PubMed

Kormanik, G A

1988-07-01

The gestation period for embryos of the spiny dogfish, Squalus acanthias (L.) lasts for nearly 2 years. During the latter part of this period the pups remain in the uterus and the fluid surrounding the embryos resembles sea water with respect to the major ions, but is low in pH (approx. 6), high in partial pressure of carbon dioxide (approx. 3 mmHg; 1 mmHg = 133.3 Pa), low in total carbon dioxide content (approx. 0.2 mmol l-1), and may have a total ammonia concentration of up to 22 mmol l-1. Thus the conditions under which the pups complete their development in utero is quite remarkable. The derivation of these conditions was examined in late-term pregnant females, from whose uterine horns the pups had been removed, by monitoring changes that occurred in instilled uterine sea water. The mother is responsible for reducing the pH, reducing the total carbon dioxide content and elevating the partial pressure of carbon dioxide to the levels observed in fresh-caught females, in less than 24 h. The ammonia concentration is also elevated, but this takes rather longer. The decreased pH is responsible for the accumulation of ammonia in the uterine sea water, and it also serves to protect the pups from the toxic effects of NH3, by converting it to the relatively non-toxic ionic form, NH4+. The reasons for the establishment of these uterine seawater conditions are still not evident.

Treatment with eCG decreases the vascular density and increases the glandular density of the bovine uterus.

PubMed

Mona e Pinto, J; Pavanelo, V; Alves de Fátima, L; Medeiros de Carvalho Sousa, L M; Pacheco Mendes, G; Machado Ferreira, R; Ayres, H; Sampaio Baruselli, P; Palma Rennó, F; de Carvallo Papa, P

2014-06-01

The uterus plays an essential role in mammalian reproduction and is a target of several hormonal protocols used to improve fertility in cattle. Many studies highlighted the importance of eCG treatment following fixed-time artificial insemination in improving follicular growth, ovulation and pregnancy rates in cattle. Moreover, eCG has been implicated in angiogenesis, leading to important changes in uterine blood flow and vascularisation. However, there is still a lack of information regarding the specific alterations induced by eCG upon glandular and vascular characteristics of bovine uterus. To investigate the influence of eCG on: uterine thickness and area; uterine artery diameter and area; uterine vascular and gland density; and the expression of the VEGFA-system, the uteri of crossbred beef cows were collected. All cows were submitted to follicular wave emergence synchronization. On day four of protocol, cows submitted to superovulation (n = 6) received 2000 IU eCG, on day eight, after expected follicular deviation, cows submitted to stimulatory treatment (n = 5) received 400 IU eCG. Control cows (n = 5) did not receive eCG. On day five po cows were subjected to ultrassonographic evaluation and slaughtered for uterine tissue sampling on day six po. Uterine vessels and glands were quantified by the counting point stereological method. The VEGFA-system was localized in different cellular types, showing no qualitative or quantitative differences in the site of expression or the intensity of the positive signal among the groups. Vascular density was decreased in the endometrium of stimulated and myometrium of superovulated cows compared with the control ones, which showed higher vascular density in the myometrium and endometrium of the ipsilateral uterine horn. The uterine gland density was higher in superovulated compared with stimulated and control cows. Thus, we can infer that stimulatory or superovulatory treatments with eCG influence the vascular density in the endometrium and myometrium in cattle. © 2014 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.

Association between placentome size, measured using transrectal ultrasonography, and gestational age in cattle.

PubMed

Adeyinka, F D; Laven, R A; Lawrence, K E; van Den Bosch, M; Blankenvoorde, G; Parkinson, T J

2014-03-01

The aim of this study was to estimate whether fetal age could be accurately estimated using placentome size. Fifty-eight cows with confirmed conception dates in two herds were used for the study. The length of the long axis and cross-sectional area of placentomes close to the cervix were measured once every 10 days between approximately 60-130 days of gestation and once every 15 days between 130-160 days of gestation. Four to six placentomes were measured using transrectal ultrasonography in each uterine horn. A linear mixed model was used to establish the factors that were significantly associated with log mean placentome length and to create an equation to predict gestational age from mean placentome length. Limits of agreement analysis was then used to evaluate whether the predictions were sufficiently accurate for mean placentome length to be used, in practice, as a method of determining gestational age. Only age of gestation (p<0.001) and uterine horn (p=0.048) were found to have a significant effect on log mean placentome length. From the three models used to predict gestational age the one that used log mean placentome length of all placentomes, adjusting for the effect of horn, had the smallest 95% limits of agreement; ±33 days. That is, predicted gestational age had a 95% chance of being between 33 days greater and 33.7 days less than actual age. This is approximately twice that reported in studies using measurement of fetal size. Measurement of placentomes near to the cervix using transrectal ultrasonography was easily achieved. There was a significant association between placentome size and gestational age, but between-cow variation in placentome size and growth resulted in poor agreement between placentome size and gestational age. Although placentomes can be easily visualised during diagnosis of pregnancy using transrectal ultrasonography, mean placentome size should not be used to estimate gestational age.

Ultrasonographically documented early pregnancy loss in an Asian elephant (Elephas maximus).

PubMed

Lueders, Imke; Drews, Barbara; Niemuller, Cheryl; Gray, Charlie; Rich, Peter; Fickel, Jörns; Wibbelt, Gudrun; Göritz, Frank; Hildebrandt, Thomas B

2010-01-01

Early embryonic resorption or fetal loss is known to occur occasionally in captive elephants; however, this has mostly been reported anecdotally. The present study documents the case of a 24-year-old, multiparous Asian elephant cow that suffered embryonic death and resorption at around 18 weeks of gestation. From ovulation onwards, this female was sonographically examined 58 times. Blood was collected twice weekly for progestagen determination via enzyme immunoassay. On Day 42 after ovulation, a small quantity of fluid was detected in the uterine horn, which typically indicates the presence of a developing conceptus. Repeated inspections followed what appeared to be a normal pregnancy until Day 116. However, on Day 124, signs of embryonic life were absent. Progestagen concentrations started declining two weeks later, reaching baseline levels one month after embryonic death. Retrospectively, ultrasound examination revealed several abnormalities in the uterine horn. Besides an existing leiomyoma, multiple small cystic structures had formed in the endometrium at the implantation site and later in the placenta. These pathological findings were considered as possible contributors to the early pregnancy failure. PCR for endotheliotropic elephant herpes virus (EEHV) (which had occurred previously in the herd) as well as serology for other infectious organisms known to cause abortion in domestic animals did not yield any positive results. Although no definitive reason was found for this pregnancy to abort, this ultrasonographically and endocrinologically documented study of an early pregnancy loss provides important insights into the resorption process in Asian elephants.

Endogenous lysophosphatidic acid participates in vascularisation and decidualisation at the maternal-fetal interface in the rat.

PubMed

Sordelli, Micaela S; Beltrame, Jimena S; Zotta, Elsa; Gomez, Natalia; Dmytrenko, Ganna; Sales, María Elena; Blois, Sandra M; Davio, Carlos; Martinez, Silvina Perez; Franchi, Ana M; Ribeiro, María L

2017-10-01

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) affects several female reproductive functions through G-protein-coupled receptors. LPA contributes to embryo implantation via the lysophospholipid LPA 3 receptor. In the present study we investigated the participation of endogenous LPA signalling through the LPA 3 receptor in vascularisation and decidualisation, two crucial events at the maternal-fetal interface. Pregnant rats were treated with diacylglycerol pyrophosphate (DGPP), a highly selective antagonist of LPA 3 receptors, on Day 5 of gestation. Pregnant rats received intrauterine (i.u.) injections of single doses of DGPP (0.1mgkg -1 ) in a total volume of 2μL in the left horn (treated horn) in the morning of GD5. DGPP treatment produced aberrant embryo spacing and increased embryo resorption. The LPA 3 receptor antagonist decreased the cross-sectional length of the uterine and arcuate arteries and induced histological anomalies in the decidua and placentas. Marked haemorrhagic processes, infiltration of immune cells and tissue disorganisation were observed in decidual and placental tissues from sites of resorption. The mRNA expression of three vascularisation markers, namely interleukin 10 (Il10), vascular endothelial growth factor (Vegfa) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (Vegfr1), was reduced at sites of resorption from Day 8. The results show that the disruption of endogenous LPA signalling by blocking the LPA 3 receptor modified the development of uterine vessels with consequences in the formation of the decidua and placenta and in the growth of embryos.

The Hemodynamic Basis for Positional- and Inter-Fetal Dependent Effects in Dual Arterial Supply of Mouse Pregnancies

PubMed Central

Addadi, Yoseph; Cohen, Yoni; Jaffa, Ariel J.; Hemmings, Brian; Garbow, Joel R.; Neeman, Michal

2012-01-01

In mammalian pregnancy, maternal cardiovascular adaptations must match the requirements of the growing fetus(es), and respond to physiologic and pathologic conditions. Such adaptations are particularly demanding for mammals bearing large-litter pregnancies, with their inherent conflict between the interests of each individual fetus and the welfare of the entire progeny. The mouse is the most common animal model used to study development and genetics, as well as pregnancy-related diseases. Previous studies suggested that in mice, maternal blood flow to the placentas occurs via a single arterial uterine loop generated by arterial-arterial anastomosis of the uterine artery to the uterine branch of the ovarian artery, resulting in counter bi-directional blood flow. However, we provide here experimental evidence that each placenta is actually supplied by two distinct arterial inputs stemming from the uterine artery and from the uterine branch of the ovarian artery, with position-dependent contribution of flow from each source. Moreover, we report significant positional- and inter-fetal dependent alteration of placental perfusion, which were detected by in vivo MRI and fluorescence imaging. Maternal blood flow to the placentas was dependent on litter size and was attenuated for placentas located centrally along the uterine horn. Distinctive apposing, inter-fetal hemodynamic effects of either reduced or elevated maternal blood flow, were measured for placenta of normal fetuses that are positioned adjacent to either pathological, or to hypovascular Akt1-deficient placentas, respectively. The results reported here underscore the critical importance of confounding local and systemic in utero effects on phenotype presentation, in general and in the setting of genetically modified mice. The unique robustness and plasticity of the uterine vasculature architecture, as reported in this study, can explain the ability to accommodate varying litter sizes, sustain large-litter pregnancies and overcome pathologic challenges. Remarkably, the dual arterial supply is evolutionary conserved in mammals bearing a single offspring, including primates. PMID:23284965

Matrix Metalloproteinase Expression in the Rat Myometrium During Pregnancy, Term Labor, and Postpartum1

PubMed Central

Nguyen, Tina Tu-Thu Ngoc; Shynlova, Oksana; Lye, Stephen J.

2016-01-01

Pregnancy, spontaneous term labor (TL), and postpartum (PP) involution are associated with changes in the cellular and extracellular matrix composition of the uterus. Both the uterine smooth muscle (myometrium) and the infiltrating peripheral blood leukocytes involved in the activation of labor secrete extracellular matrix-degrading enzymes (matrix metalloproteinases, MMPs) that can modulate cellular behavior and barrier function. MMP expression is induced by mechanical stretch in several tissues. We hypothesized that the expression and activity of myometrial MMPs and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) are modulated in preparation for TL and PP involution and are regulated by mechanical stretch of uterine walls imposed by the growing fetus. Myometrial tissues were collected from bilaterally and unilaterally pregnant rats across gestation, TL, and PP. Total RNA and proteins were subjected to real-time PCR and immunoblotting, respectively, and tissue localization and activity was examined by immunohistochemistry and in situ zymography. We found that Mmp7, Mmp11, and Mmp12 mRNA levels were upregulated during TL and PP, while Mmp2, Mmp3, Mmp8, Mmp9, Mmp10, and Mmp13 mRNAs were only upregulated during PP. Timp1–Timp4 were stably expressed throughout gestation with some fluctuations PP. Active MMP2 was induced in the empty uterine horn during gestation and in the gravid PP uterus, suggesting negative regulation by biological mechanical stretch. We conclude that specific subsets of uterine MMPs are differentially regulated in the rat myometrium in preparation for two major events: TL and PP uterine involution. PMID:27251092

Partial regeneration of uterine horns in rats through adipose-derived stem cell sheets.

PubMed

Sun, Huijun; Lu, Jie; Li, Bo; Chen, Shuqiang; Xiao, Xifeng; Wang, Jun; Wang, Jingjing; Wang, Xiaohong

2018-06-20

Severe uterine damage and infection lead to intrauterine adhesions, which result in hypomenorrhea, amenorrhea and infertility. Cell sheet engineering has shown great promise in clinical applications. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are emerging as an alternative source of stem cells for cell-based therapies. In the present study, we investigated the feasibility of applying ADSCs as seed cells to form scaffold-free cell sheet. Data showed that ADSC sheets expressed higher levels of FGF, Col I, TGFβ and VEGF than ADSCs in suspension, while increased expression of this gene set was associated with stemness, including Nanog, Oct4 and Sox2. We then investigated the therapeutic effects of 3D ADSCs sheet on regeneration in a rat model. We found that ADSCs were mainly detected in the basal layer of the regenerating endometrium in the cell sheet group at 21 days after transplantation. Additionally, some ADSCs differentiated into stromal-like cells. Moreover, ADSC sheets transplanted into partially excised uteri promoted regeneration of the endometrium cells, muscle cells and stimulated angiogenesis, and also resulted in better pregnancy outcomes. Therefore, ADSC sheet therapy shows considerable promise as a new treatment for severe uterine damage.

Oviduct (uterine tube) transport of ova in the cow.

PubMed

Crisman, R O; McDonald, L E; Wallace, C E

1980-04-01

Normal oviduct (uterine tube) transport of ova was studied in 12 nulliparous heifers oophorosalpingohysterectomized at various times (range, 26 to 85.25 hours) after the end of estrus. The mean oviduct length +/- SEM was 19.7 cm +/- 0.38. The means of left and right oviduct length were not different (P greater than 0.10). The ampulla and isthmus of the oviduct could be indentified grossly by a definite reduction in lumen size and represented 0.66 and 0.34 of the total oviduct length, respectively. The oviduct ipsilateral to ovulation was divided into eight equal segments. Each segment and the uterine horn were flushed with saline solution. An ovum or zygote was recovered from the oviduct of nine heifers. A zygote was surgically recovered from the uterus of one heifer at 76.75 hours after the end of estrus. An ovum or zygote was not recovered from two of the heifers. A significant linear relationship (P less than 0.01) existed between the estimated time after ovulation and the distance the ovum or zygote had traveled. Therefore, the ovum or zygote in these heifers was transported through the oviduct at a constant rate.

Physiological Anatomical Rodent Experiment (PARE): 04 Flight Support

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Burden, Hubert W.

1997-01-01

Rats were shipped to Kennedy Space Center (KSC), Florida, on day 2 of gestation [(G2) (day 1 = morning on which spermatozoa are present in the vagina)] and laparotomized on G7 to determine the number of implantation sites in each uterine horn. On G8, ten pregnant rats meeting flight criteria (at least five implantation sites each horn) were placed into NASA flight cages (animal enclosure modules, AEMS, five rats per cage), loaded onto the mid-deck of the space shuttle Atlantis, and on G9 (November 3, 1994) they were launched into orbit. On gestation day 20, (November 14, 1994) the shuttle returned to Edwards Air Force Base, California and the flight animals were recovered from the shuttle and subjected to unilateral hysterectomy to provide fetal material from one horn to investigators identified by NASA to study selected fetal parameters. After unilateral hysterectomy, the animals were allowed to recover and deliver vaginally. There were three groups (n = 10 each group) of control animals housed at KSC in the study. A synchronous control group, delayed 24 hours with reference to the flight group, received the same surgeries and was housed five rats per AEM and exposed to all flight conditions (identical temperatures, lighting and humidity) except microgravity. Vivarium control group I did not receive any surgery and was housed in the vivarium in clear polycarbonate cages. Vivarium control group 2 received only a unilateral hysterectomy on day 20 of gestation but otherwise was housed like the vivarium control group 1. Control groups were allowed to complete their pregnancy and deliver fetuses from the remaining horn (Synchronous control and vivarium control group 2) or horns (Vivarium control group 1). After surgery, the dams were euthanized and tissues recovered, and the neonates were assigned to foster dams.

Aberrations in uterine contractile patterns in mares with delayed uterine clearance after administration of detomidine and oxytocin.

PubMed

von Reitzenstein, Marcela; Callahan, Megan A; Hansen, Peter J; LeBlanc, Michelle M

2002-09-01

An experiment was conducted to determine whether the uterotonic effects of oxytocin, a drug used to treat mares that have a delay in uterine clearance were affected by the sedative detomidine (an alpha2-agonist), a drug used to treat fractious mares. An additional objective was to identify propagation patterns of uterine contractions and determine whether these patterns differed between normal mares and mares with delayed uterine clearance (DUC). Intrauterine pressure was measured in five reproductively normal mares and four mares with DUC during estrus using an 8-F Milar catheter with two discrete pressure sensors. Mares received one of three treatments in random order: detomidine (0.001 mg/kg; i.v.); detomidine followed in 10 min by oxytocin (10 IU; i.v.); and saline (0.9% NaCl 0.5 ml; i.v.) followed in 10 min by oxytocin. All treatments induced waves of contractions; however, only three mares with DUC exhibited contractions after administration of detomidine. Normal mares experienced more uterine contractions (P < 0.01) that tended to last longer (P < 0.06), and were of greater intensity (P < 0.04) than mares with delayed clearance. Administration of detomidine before oxytocin increased the number of contractions (P < 0.02) and increased the maximum intrauterine pressure in the uterine horn (P < 0.05) in normal mares as compared to response after administration of saline and oxytocin. Detomidine had no effect in mares with delayed clearance. All mares had more propagating than non-propagating uterine contractions (74 +/- 8 versus 25 +/- 8%, respectively). Normal mares exhibited a normal propagation pattern more frequently (P < 0.0001) than mares with DUC. Simultaneous (P < 0.05) and inverted (P < 0.03) contractions occurred more frequently in mares with DUC. Administration of detomidine increased the number (P < 0.01), and tended to increase the percentage (P < 0.07) of normal propagating uterine contractions in normal mares, but did not affect propagation patterns in mares with DUC. In conclusion, detomidine augmented the uterotonic effect of oxytocin in normal mares but not in mares with DUC. Data suggest that mares with DUC have a defect in myoelectrical signaling and a decrease in the contractile strength of the uterine muscle.

A review on reproduction in South American camelids.

PubMed

Brown, B W

2000-03-15

In this paper, aspects of reproductive physiology and endocrinology, as well as sexual behaviour in South American camelids are reviewed. Because of the many unique features of reproduction in these animals, the application of advanced breeding techniques that are routinely used in other domestic species has been slow and, in some cases, are not applicable. Relatively high embryonic loss and the capacity to carry only one offspring at a time limit production in females. Furthermore, some 20% of females do not conceive following mating. Research is needed to elucidate the causes of embryonic loss, particularly in relation to the preferential location of embryos in the left uterine horn and the apparent differential luteolytic activity of the two uterine horns. A fuller understanding of the endocrine changes and mechanisms accompanying folliculogenesis, estrus, induction of ovulation and luteal regression may led to treatments that provide better control of ovulation and enhance the quality and viability of eggs shed. In the male, the hormonal interactions involved in facilitating libido need to be established and the underlying causes of declining libido resulting from continued exposure to estrous females, identified. More importantly, there is a need to develop a routine method to collect semen from animals on farm, or in studs. Deficiencies in this area have long hampered the evaluation of sires through proper assessment of their semen quality and in the application of artificial insemination. In addition, establishment of techniques to freeze semen from these species has obvious advantages for breeding, including crossbreeding between species to improve products such as fibre and to assist in preservation of some of the more endangered New World camelids.

Influence of energy balance on the antimicrobial peptides S100A8 and S100A9 in the endometrium of the post-partum dairy cow.

PubMed

Swangchan-Uthai, Theerawat; Chen, Qiusheng; Kirton, Sally E; Fenwick, Mark A; Cheng, Zhangrui; Patton, Joe; Fouladi-Nashta, Ali A; Wathes, D Claire

2013-05-01

Uterine inflammation occurs after calving in association with extensive endometrial remodelling and bacterial contamination. If the inflammation persists, it leads to reduced fertility. Chronic endometritis is highly prevalent in high-yielding cows that experience negative energy balance (NEB) in early lactation. This study investigated the effect of NEB on the antimicrobial peptides S100A8 and S100A9 in involuting uteri collected 2 weeks post partum. Holstein-Friesian cows (six per treatment) were randomly allocated to two interventions designed to produce mild or severe NEB (MNEB and SNEB) status. Endometrial samples were examined histologically, and the presence of neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes and natural killer cells was confirmed using haematoxylin and eosin and immunostaining. SNEB cows had greater signs of uterine inflammation. Samples of previously gravid uterine horn were used to localise S100A8 and S100A9 by immunohistochemistry. Both S100 proteins were present in bovine endometrium with strong staining in epithelial and stromal cells and in infiltrated leucocytes. Immunostaining was significantly higher in SNEB cows along with increased numbers of segmented neutrophils. These results suggest that the metabolic changes of a post-partum cow suffering from NEB delay uterine involution and promote a chronic state of inflammation. We show that upregulation of S100A8 and S100A9 is clearly a key component of the early endometrial response to uterine infection. Further studies are warranted to link the extent of this response after calving to the likelihood of cows developing endometritis and to their subsequent fertility.

Influence of energy balance on the antimicrobial peptides S100A8 and S100A9 in the endometrium of the post-partum dairy cow

PubMed Central

Swangchan-Uthai, Theerawat; Chen, Qiusheng; Kirton, Sally E; Fenwick, Mark A; Cheng, Zhangrui; Patton, Joe; Fouladi-Nashta, Ali A; Wathes, D Claire

2013-01-01

Uterine inflammation occurs after calving in association with extensive endometrial remodelling and bacterial contamination. If the inflammation persists, it leads to reduced fertility. Chronic endometritis is highly prevalent in high-yielding cows that experience negative energy balance (NEB) in early lactation. This study investigated the effect of NEB on the antimicrobial peptides S100A8 and S100A9 in involuting uteri collected 2 weeks post partum. Holstein-Friesian cows (six per treatment) were randomly allocated to two interventions designed to produce mild or severe NEB (MNEB and SNEB) status. Endometrial samples were examined histologically, and the presence of neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes and natural killer cells was confirmed using haematoxylin and eosin and immunostaining. SNEB cows had greater signs of uterine inflammation. Samples of previously gravid uterine horn were used to localise S100A8 and S100A9 by immunohistochemistry. Both S100 proteins were present in bovine endometrium with strong staining in epithelial and stromal cells and in infiltrated leucocytes. Immunostaining was significantly higher in SNEB cows along with increased numbers of segmented neutrophils. These results suggest that the metabolic changes of a post-partum cow suffering from NEB delay uterine involution and promote a chronic state of inflammation. We show that upregulation of S100A8 and S100A9 is clearly a key component of the early endometrial response to uterine infection. Further studies are warranted to link the extent of this response after calving to the likelihood of cows developing endometritis and to their subsequent fertility. PMID:23533291

Interaction of intact porcine spermatozoa with epithelial cells and neutrophilic granulocytes during uterine passage.

PubMed

Taylor, U; Rath, D; Zerbe, H; Schuberth, H J

2008-04-01

New insemination techniques allow a tremendous sperm reduction for successful artificial insemination (AI) if highly diluted semen is deposited in the tip of the uterine horn and close to the utero-tubal junction. High sperm losses are known to occur during uterine passage and it was the general question whether specific binding mechanisms are involved. Upon arrival in the uterus, spermatozoa are confronted with mainly two different cell types: uterine epithelial cells (UEC) and neutrophilic granulocytes (polymorphonuclear neutrophil, PMN). As cell-sperm interactions can hardly be observed in vivo, an ex vivo system was established to study the interaction between spermatozoa and the UEC. Uterine segments (10 cm) from freshly slaughtered synchronized juvenile gilts were inseminated for 60 min at 38 degrees C. Thereafter spermatozoa were recovered, counted flow cytometrically and examined for changes in viability and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Significantly less spermatozoa with a functioning MMP and intact plasma membranes could be retrieved (55 +/- 7%), while the number of damaged spermatozoa hardly changed (93 +/- 12%), indicating retention of viable sperm cells in the uterine lumen. The interactions between porcine PMN and spermatozoa (motile, immotile, membrane-damaged) were studied in coincubation assays in vitro. The binding of membrane-damaged sperm cells to PMN was virtually non-existent (3 +/- 2%). Viable and motile spermatozoa attached to PMN without being phagocytosed within 60 min (45 +/- 3%), whereas binding to sodium fluoride (NaF)-immobilized spermatozoa was reduced to 20 +/- 2%. The binding of viable sperm to PMN is most likely not lectin-dependent; although both viable cell types were shown to express a broad range of different lectin-binding sugar residues, none of the lectins tested was able to selectively block PMN-sperm binding significantly. The results of the study suggest that viable spermatozoa are already subject to selective processes within the uterus before further selection is initiated at the utero-tubal junction and in the oviductal isthmus.

[Clinicopathological features of uterine neoplasms with perivascular epithelioid cell differentiation].

PubMed

Lu, Hai-zhen; Zhang, Hong-tu; Liu, Xiu-yun; Xue, Xin-hua; Xie, Yong-qiang; Liu, Shang-mei; Su, Qin

2009-03-01

To study the neoplasm with perivascular epithelioid cell differentiation (PEComa) with respect to their morphologic, immunohistochemical and clinical phenotypes. Three PEComas were included in this study, one located at the left uterine horn, and two presented as a mass in the uterine corpus. The tumors were examined by histopathology and immunohistochemistry. The lesions were composed of spindle, blunt epithelioid cells, with foci of, or scattered, cells showing adipose differentiation in two cases. The myomelanocytic differentiation was demonstrated, proving the diagnosis as PEComa. Mild nuclear atypia and focal necrosis was observed in one lesion, and the rest two showed malignant morphologic phenotypes including moderate nuclear atypia and coagulative necrosis. The mitotic and Ki67-labelling indices ranged from 0.5/10 HPF to 14/10 HPF and 0.6% to 7.0%, respectively. All of the three patients remain alive. Malignant nature of the two lesions with worrisome morphology was confirmed by occurrence of metastases after hysterectomy. PEComa is a rare tumor, occurring preferentially in the uterus. It is regarded as a tumor with uncertain malignant potential, but a minority of them shows malignant clinical behaviors. Some pathologic parameters including large tumor size, sheet-like necrosis, marked nuclear atypia, elevated mitotic index (> or = 10/10 HPF), aberrant mitotic figure and vascular invasion may help to establish a diagnosis of malignant PEComa.

A novel tamponade agent for management of post partum hemorrhage: adaptation of the Xstat mini-sponge applicator for obstetric use.

PubMed

Rodriguez, Maria I; Jensen, Jeffrey T; Gregory, Kenton; Bullard, Mary; Longo, Paul; Heidel, Jerry; Edelman, Alison

2017-06-13

Although uterine tamponade is an effective treatment for postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), current methods have key limitations in their use, particularly in low resource settings. The XStat™ Mini Sponge Dressing (MSD) is approved for the management of non-compressible wounds in the battlefield/trauma setting. The MSD applies highly compressed medical sponges capable of stopping high-flow arterial bleeding within seconds. The objective of our study was to adopt the MSD for use in managing PPH. We performed desktop testing using a uterine model with pressure sensors to compare key design elements of the obstetrical prototype MSD (fundal pressure achieved, reduction in fluid loss, time to deploy, and time to remove) with alternativetechniques (uterine packing, balloon tamponade). To evaluate safety, we delivered the fetus of pregnant ewes by cesarean section and used the prototype to deliver the MSD into one uterine horn, and closed the hysterotomy. We followed the clinical recovery of animals (n = 3) over 24 h, and then removed the reproductive tract for histologic evaluation. To evaluate late effects, we surgically removed the MSDs after 24 h, and followed the clinical recovery of animals (n = 6) for an additional seven days before tissue removal. The obstetrical prototype has a long tapered delivery system designed to be deployed during vaginal examination, and administers three times the volume of the approved MSD trauma bandage. The MSD are deployed within a mesh bag to facilitate removal by vaginaltraction. On desktop testing, the MSD resulted in the highest average fundal pressure (113 mmHg), followed by the MSD bag device (85.8 mmHg), gauze packing (15.5 mmHg), and the uterine balloon (8.2 mmHg). The MSD bag test group achieved the largest fluid flow reduction of -74%, followed by gauze packing (-55%), MSD (-35%), and uterine balloon (-19%). Animal testing demonstrated good uterine fill with no evidence of adverse clinical recovery, uterine trauma or infection at 24 h, or up to 7 days following device removal. We adapted a highly effective trauma dressing and applicator for use in the treatment of severe PPH. Preliminary desktop and animal testing provide a basis for initial clinical trials in women.

Glucosamine Inhibits Decidualization of Human Endometrial Stromal Cells and Decreases Litter Sizes in Mice1

PubMed Central

Tsai, Jui-He; Schulte, Maureen; O'Neill, Kathleen; Chi, Maggie M.-Y.; Frolova, Antonina I.; Moley, Kelle H.

2013-01-01

ABSTRACT Embryo implantation in the uterus depends on decidualization of the endometrial stromal cells (ESCs), and glucose utilization via the pentose phosphate pathway is critical in this process. We hypothesized that the amino sugar glucosamine may block the pentose phosphate pathway via inhibition of the rate-limiting enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in ESCs and therefore impair decidualization and embryo implantation, thus preventing pregnancy. Both human primary and immortalized ESCs were decidualized in vitro in the presence of 0, 2.5, or 5 mM glucosamine for 9 days. Viability assays demonstrated that glucosamine was well tolerated by human ESCs. Exposure of human ESCs to glucosamine resulted in significant decreases in the activity and expression of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and in the mRNA expression of the decidual markers prolactin, somatostatin, interleukin-15, and left-right determination factor 2. In mouse ESCs, expression of the decidual marker Prp decreased upon addition of glucosamine. In comparison with control mice, glucosamine-treated mice showed weak artificial deciduoma formation along the stimulated uterine horn. In a complementary in vivo experiment, a 60-day-release glucosamine (15, 150, or 1500 μg) or placebo pellet was implanted in a single uterine horn of mice. Mice with a glucosamine pellet delivered fewer live pups per litter than those with a control pellet, and pup number returned to normal after the end of the pellet-active period. In conclusion, glucosamine is a nonhormonal inhibitor of decidualization of both human and mouse ESCs and of pregnancy in mice. Our data indicate the potential for development of glucosamine as a novel, reversible, nonhormonal contraceptive. PMID:23718985

Sorcin is involved during embryo implantation via activating VEGF/PI3K/Akt pathway in mice.

PubMed

Gupta, Kanchan; Sirohi, Vijay Kumar; Kumari, Suparna; Shukla, Vinay; Manohar, Murli; Popli, Pooja; Dwivedi, Anila

2018-02-01

Our earlier studies have demonstrated the cyclic variation and also the altered expression of sorcin in endometrium during early-to-mid-secretory phase transition in women with unexplained infertility. The current study was undertaken to establish the functional role of sorcin in endometrial receptivity in mice. Results indicated that sorcin was highly expressed during the window of implantation in mice and functional blockage of sorcin caused significant reduction in number of implanted blastocyst. The receptivity markers (i.e.Integrin β3, HBEGF, IGFBP1, WNT4 and Cyclin E)) were found to be downregulated in sorcin knocked down uterine horn on day 5 as compared to untreated horn. The reduced attachment and expansion of BeWo spheroids on RL95-2 endometrial cells with sorcin knock down, in in vitro model of endometrium-trophoblast interaction further supported these findings. Uterine sorcin expression pattern during estrous cycle and in delayed implantation mice model suggested the upregulation of sorcin by estrogen. The functional blockade of sorcin induced the intracellular Ca +2 levels in endometrial epithelial cells (EECs), which indicated that altered Ca +2 homeostasis might be responsible for implantation failure. Sorcin silencing led to significant reduction in the expression of angiogenic factor VEGF and its downstream effector molecules i.e. PI3K, Akt and NOS. The migratory and invasive properties of HUVECs were abrogated by anti-VEGF or by adding culture media from sorcin blocked EECs, which indicated that sorcin might mediate angiogenesis during implantation. Taken together, sorcin is involved in the regulation of Ca +2 -mediated angiogenesis via VEGF/PI3K/Akt pathway in endometrial cells and plays a crucial role in preparing the endometrium for implantation. © 2018 Society for Endocrinology.

Reproductive System of Brown-throated Sloth (Bradypus variegatus, Schinz 1825, Pilosa, Xenarthra): Anatomy and Histology.

PubMed

Favoretto, S M; daSilva, E G; Menezes, J; Guerra, R R; Campos, D B

2016-08-01

In recent years, habitat degradation led to the decline of some populations of brown-throated sloth. The aim of this study was to describe morphological features of the female reproductive system of the species. The oval ovaries were partially surrounded by ovarian bursa. An external cortex and an inner medulla were present. Corpora lutea and corpora albicans together with follicles at various stages of development each with a single oocyte were found in the cortex. Uterine tubes were tortuous, tubular, travelled around the perimeter of the ovary and possessed a folded mucosa with ciliated pseudostratified epithelium. Uterus was simplex, with no horns and divided into three parts: a pear-shaped cranial segment and a long caudal uterine segment (both forming the body of the uterus) and two cervices. Uterus presented three layers: mucosa, lined by pseudostratified epithelium, muscular and serosa. The cervices connected the uterus to the urogenital sinus, a distensible cavity with longitudinal mucosal folds lined by transitional epithelium that extended from the external urethral orifice and the external uterine ostia to the vulva, which was lined by a keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. Brown-throated sloth presented a bipartite clitoris with paired crura, bodies and glandes. The presence of a double cervix and a bipartite clitoris was unique features of the species. © 2015 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.

The Transcriptome Signature of the Receptive Bovine Uterus Determined at Early Gestation

PubMed Central

Binelli, Mario; Scolari, Saara C.; Pugliesi, Guilherme; Van Hoeck, Veerle; Gonella-Diaza, Angela M.; Andrade, Sónia C. S.; Gasparin, Gustavo R.; Coutinho, Luiz L.

2015-01-01

Pregnancy success is critical to the profitability of cattle operations. However, the molecular events driving the uterine tissue towards embryo receptivity are poorly understood. This study aimed to characterize the uterine transcriptome profiles of pregnant (P) versus non-pregnant (NP) cows during early pregnancy and attempted to define a potential set of marker genes that can be valuable for predicting pregnancy outcome. Therefore, beef cows were synchronized (n=51) and artificially inseminated (n=36) at detected estrus. Six days after AI (D6), jugular blood samples and a biopsy from the uterine horn contralateral to the ovary containing the corpus luteum were collected. Based on pregnancy outcome on D30, samples were retrospectively allocated to the following groups: P (n=6) and NP (n=5). Both groups had similar plasma progesterone concentrations on D6. Uterine biopsies were submitted to RNA-Seq analysis in a Illumina platform. The 272,685,768 million filtered reads were mapped to the Bos Taurus reference genome and 14,654 genes were analyzed for differential expression between groups. Transcriptome data showed that 216 genes are differently expressed when comparing NP versus P uterine tissue (Padj≤0.1). More specifically, 36 genes were up-regulated in P cows and 180 are up-regulated in NP cows. Functional enrichment and pathway analyses revealed enriched expression of genes associated with extracellular matrix remodeling in the NP cows and nucleotide binding, microsome and vesicular fraction in the P cows. From the 40 top-ranked genes, the transcript levels of nine genes were re-evaluated using qRT-PCR. In conclusion, this study characterized a unique set of genes, expressed in the uterus 6 days after insemination, that indicate a receptive state leading to pregnancy success. Furthermore, expression of such genes can be used as potential markers to efficiently predict pregnancy success. PMID:25849079

Role of myometrial activity in sperm transport through the genital tract and in fertilization in sows.

PubMed

Langendijk, P; Bouwman, E G; Kidson, A; Kirkwood, R N; Soede, N M; Kemp, B

2002-05-01

The effects of stimulation and suppression of uterine contractility at about the time of insemination on sperm distribution and fertilization in multiparous sows are described. For assessment of fertilization, sows were inseminated about 28 h before (synchronized) ovulation and killed at day 5 after ovulation (n = 53). For assessment of sperm distribution, sows were inseminated about 20 h before expected ovulation and were killed 12 h later (n = 26). At 10 min before insemination, sows received an intrauterine infusion of one of three solutions: (i) saline (control); (ii) 0.60 mg clenbuterol hydrochloride to suppress contractility; or (iii) 1 mg cloprostenol to stimulate contractility. Both clenbuterol and cloprostenol reduced median fertilization rate (P < 0.05) and median number of accessory sperm cells (P < 0.05). Distribution of sperm cells was also affected by treatments. Clenbuterol increased, and cloprostenol decreased, the number of sperm cells (P < 0.05) in the proximal 20 cm of the uterine horn and in the uterotubal junction. In addition, clenbuterol tended to increase and cloprostenol tended to decrease the number of sperm cells in the isthmus, although these effects were not significant. However, relative to the number of sperm cells in the uterus, clenbuterol treatment reduced the number of sperm cells in the uterotubal junction and oviduct, in contrast to cloprostenol. Cloprostenol increased the reflux of semen during insemination. It is hypothesized that suppression of uterine contractility increases transuterine transport time, reducing the ability of sperm cells to enter the uterotubal junction and the oviduct. Stimulation of uterine contractility above a certain level probably increases reflux and impedes transuterine transport of sufficient numbers of sperm cells.

Effects of a bacterial lipopolysaccharide on the reproductive functions of rabbit does.

PubMed

Brecchia, G; Menchetti, L; Cardinali, R; Castellini, C; Polisca, A; Zerani, M; Maranesi, M; Boiti, C

2014-06-30

Systemic and local infections and inflammations are known to cause infertility in humans and animals. However, the mechanisms by which infection/inflammation induces infertility are only partially known. The objectives of this study were: (i) to provide models of systemic (acute) and local (sub-acute) inflammation by intra-peritoneal injection or intra-cervical deposition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the rabbit and (ii) to assess their effects on uterine tissues and sperm transport in the genital tract of rabbit does. Intra-peritoneal administration of different doses of LPS induced systemic effects such as fever, anorexia and changes in white blood cells (WBC) count. In our study, LPS inoculation (100μg/kg) produced an inflammation-like status that lasted for about 3 days, with minimal distress for the animals. Intra-peritoneal administration of LPS 60h before artificial insemination induced a rapid increase of IL-1β concentrations. The intra-cervical inoculation of LPS did not show any systemic effects, as confirmed by the lack of changes in body temperature, feed intake and WBC count. Histological examination of uterine tissues showed an endometritis-like inflammation status in LPS-treated does, more severe in those inoculated intra-cervically. The number of spermatozoa recovered from uterine horns and oviducts of intra-cervically treated does was less than that retrieved from intra-peritoneally treated animals and controls. These results suggest (i) that sub-acute or acute inflammation may cause infertility by compromising the uterine environment and/or impairing sperm transport and (ii) that the LPS-induced -infection/inflammation experimental model is useful for studying the mechanisms involved in reproductive dysfunctions in the rabbit. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Unilateral intrauterine horn insemination of frozen semen in cats.

PubMed

Tsutsui, T; Tanaka, A; Takagi, Y; Nakagawa, K; Fujimoto, Y; Murai, M; Anzai, M; Hori, T

2000-12-01

Frozen feline semen was prepared using two types of extenders, egg yolk Tris-fructose citric acid (EYT-FC) and egg yolk sodium citrate solution (EYC), and the semen qualities after thawing and the conception rates obtained by unilateral intrauterine horn insemination (UIUI) were investigated. Cats used in the experiment were six males and 11 females aged 2-12 years (the number of experimental cases was 17). For preparation of frozen semen, semen collected by the artificial vagina method was adjusted to I x 10(8) sperm/m/ and 7% glycerol, put in 250 microl straws, and then frozen using a cell freezer. The mean sperm motility after thawing was 30.0+/-9.7 (SE) % in the semen prepared with EYT-FC and 30.0+/-3.3% in the semen prepared with EYC. Four of seven animals were fertilized by UIUI using two straws in both extenders, and the conception rate was 57.1%. The mean ratios of number of kits to the number of ovulations in the inseminated side were 61.1+/-24.5% and 30.5+/-3.4% for EYT-FC and EYC, respectively, showing that the ratio tended to be higher in the semen prepared with EYT-FC. The above findings, comparing the two extenders for preparation of frozen feline semen, showed that EYT-FC is slightly superior to EYC. To increase conception and fertility rates, it may be important to increase the sperm count for insemination and to inseminate both uterine horns.

Early pregnancy diagnosis on days 18 to 21 postinsemination using high-resolution imaging in lactating dairy cows.

PubMed

Scully, S; Butler, S T; Kelly, A K; Evans, A C O; Lonergan, P; Crowe, M A

2014-01-01

The aim was to assess the ability of corpus luteum (CL) and uterine ultrasound characteristics on d 18 to 21 to predict pregnancy status in lactating dairy cows. Ultrasound examinations were carried out on cows (n = 164) on d 18 to 21 following artificial insemination (AI). Images of the uterus and CL were captured using a Voluson i ultrasound device (General Electric Healthcare Systems, Vienna, Austria) equipped with a 12-MHz, multi frequency, linear array probe. Serum concentrations of progesterone were determined from blood samples collected at each ultrasound examination. Images of the CL were captured and stored for calculation of CL tissue area and echotexture. Images of the CL and associated blood flow area were captured and stored for analysis of luteal blood flow ratio. Longitudinal B-mode images of the uterine horns were stored for analysis of echotexture. Diagnosis of pregnancy was made at each ultrasound examination based on CL blood flow, CL size, and uterine echotexture. Pregnancy was confirmed by ultrasonography on d 30 after AI. The relationship between ultrasound measures and pregnancy outcome, as well as the accuracy of the pregnancy diagnosis made at each ultrasound examination was assessed. Progesterone concentrations and CL tissue area were greater in pregnant compared with nonpregnant cows on all days. The CL blood flow ratio was higher in pregnant compared with nonpregnant cows on d 20 and 21 after AI. Echotexture measures of the CL and uterus were not different between pregnant and nonpregnant cows on any day of examination. The best logistic regression model to predict pregnancy included scores for CL blood flow, CL size, and uterine echotexture on d 21 following AI. Accuracy of pregnancy diagnosis was highest on d 21, with sensitivity and specificity being 97.6 and 97.5%, respectively. Uterine echotexture scores were similar for pregnant and nonpregnant cows from d 18 to 20. On d 21, pregnant cows had higher uterine echotexture scores compared with nonpregnant cows. The logistic regression equation most likely to provide a correct pregnancy diagnosis in lactating dairy cows included the visual score for CL blood flow, CL size, and uterine echotexture on d 21 after AI. In support of this finding, the diagnostic accuracy for visual scores of CL blood flow, CL size, and uterine echotexture were also highest on d 21. Copyright © 2014 American Dairy Science Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Adherence of bacteria to mucus collected from different parts of the reproductive tract of heifers and cows.

PubMed

Styková, E; Nemcová, R; Valocký, I; Novotný, F; Guba, P

2013-11-01

In the present study, we examined the adherence of indigenous vaginal bacteria, probiotic strains, and metritis pathogens to mucus collected from different parts of the reproductive tracts of heifers and cows and compared their adherence with the bacterial adherence to mucus collected from the stomach and large intestine of pigs. Most of the vaginal strains adhered to mucus collected from different parts of the reproductive tract and strongly adhered to gastric mucus, with the exception of Lactobacillus buchneri 24S8. Only Lactobacillus mucosae 29S8, Enterococcus faecium E21, and E. faecium EAC adhered to colonic mucus. Probiotic strains adhered strongly to mucus collected from the reproductive tract and gastric mucus but did not adhere to colonic mucus. Pathogenic strains were adherent to vaginal, uterine horn, and gastric mucus, except Escherichia coli O8:K88ab:H9 (65), Fusobacterium necrophorum, and Gardnerella vaginalis, which adhered to uterine cervix mucus. Only Kocuria kristinae and G. vaginalis adhered to uterine body mucus; E. coli O149:K88ac (EC) adhered to colonic mucus. The strains did not exhibit host specificity but rather strain specificity. The ability to adhere to mucus was a characteristic unique to each strain. To our knowledge, this is the first report regarding in vitro adherence of GRAS (Generally Regarded As Safe) lactobacilli isolated from different sources to mucus collected from different parts of the reproductive tract.

Ultrasonographic and laparoscopic evaluation of the reproductive tract of the captive female African lion (Panthera leo).

PubMed

Kirberger, Robert M; Schulman, Martin L; Hartman, Marthinus J

2011-09-15

The use of transabdominal ultrasonography to assess the oestrous cycle has not been previously described in the African lion (Panthera leo). Twelve sexually mature lionesses and five female cubs had their reproductive organs assessed by transabdominal ultrasound. Ovarian findings were compared to laparoscopic findings while performing laparoscopic ovariectomy or salpingectomy. Vaginal cytology was performed and serum progesterone levels were determined. By combining all data the oestrous cycle stage of each lion was determined. One lion was far pregnant and was not operated on. In adults a uterine body could be seen ultrasonographically in 67% of lions while mural structures could be distinguished in 44% of lions. Five uterine horns could be seen in 3 lions. In 12 adults 10 ovaries were found of which eight had discernable follicles or luteal structures. During laparoscopy 12 active ovaries were seen with luteal structures seen in 11 ovaries and follicles in 2 ovaries. Using laparoscopy as the gold standard, ultrasonography had a sensitivity of 66% and specificity of 83% to detect ovarian reproductive activity. Two uterine cysts and a cluster of periovarian cysts were seen in three different lions. Three lions were pregnant, two were in oestrus, three in a luteal phase (dioestrus), and four were in anoestrus. Transabdominal ultrasound in combination with serum progesterone levels and vaginal cytology can be used to assess ovarian cyclical activity with reasonable accuracy in captive bred lions. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

[Profile of sulphated glycosaminoglycans content in the murine uterus during the different phases of the estrous cycle].

PubMed

Gomes, Regina Célia Teixeira; Simões, Ricardo Santos; Soares, José Maria; Nader, Helena Bonciani; Simões, Manuel de Jesus; Baracat, Edmund C

2007-01-01

Identification and quantitation of sulphated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the uterus of female mice during the estrous cycle. Four groups (n = 10 each) of virgin, 100-day old female mice were assembled according to the estrous cycle phase: proestrus, estrus, metaestrus and diestrus. Samples of the median portion of uterine horns were processed for light microscopy examination (H/E and Alcian blue + PAS). The GAGs were extracted and characterized by agarose gel electrophoresis. Data were analyzed by the unpaired Student's t-test. At light microscopy GAGs appear in all layers of the uterus, especially in the endometrium, between collagen fibers, in the basal membrane and around fibroblasts. Biochemical analyses disclosed presence of dermatan sulphate (DS), chondroitin sulphate (CS and heparan sulphate (HS) during all estral cycle phases. There was no clear electrophoretic separation between DS and CS, thus these two GAGs were considered together (DS+CS) (proestrus = 0.854 +/- 0.192; estrus = 1.073 +/- 0.254; metaestrus = 1.003 +/- 0.255; diestrus = 0.632 +/- 0.443 microg/mg). HS was as follows: proestrus = 0.092 +/- 0.097; estrus = 0.180 +/- 0.141; metaestrus = 0.091 +/- 0.046; diestrus = 0.233 +/- 0.147 microg/mg. The uterine content of DS+CS peaked at estrus (estrogenic action) and that of HS at diestrus (progestagen action). Due to a constant turnover process, there are definite alterations in the uterine profile of GAGs content during the estrous cycle in mice, which may be modulated by female sex hormones.

Uterine-sparing Laparoscopic Resection of Accessory Cavitated Uterine Masses.

PubMed

Peters, Ann; Rindos, Noah B; Guido, Richard S; Donnellan, Nicole M

2018-01-01

To demonstrate surgical techniques utilized during uterine-sparing laparoscopic resections of accessory cavitated uterine masses (ACUMs). ACUMs represent a rare uterine entity observed in premenopausal women suffering from dysmenorrhea and recurrent pelvic pain. The diagnosis is made when an isolated extra-cavitated uterine mass is resected from an otherwise normal appearing uterus with unremarkable endometrial lumen and adnexal structures. Pathologic confirmation requires an accessory cavity lined with endometrial epithelium (and corresponding glands and stroma) filled with chocolate-brown fluid. Adenomyosis must be absent. Although the origin of ACUMs is currently unknown, the most common presentation is a 2-4 cm lateral uterine wall mass at the level of the insertion of the round ligament. Hence it has been hypothesized that gubernaculum dysfunction may be responsible for duplication or persistence of paramesonephric tissue leading to ACUM formation as a new Müllerian anomaly. A stepwise surgical tutorial describing 2 laparoscopic ACUM resections using a narrated video (Canadian Task Force classification III). An academic tertiary care hospital. In this video, we present 2 patients who underwent uterine-sparing laparoscopic resections of their ACUM in order to preserve fertility (Case 1) or avoid the complications and surgical recovery time of a total laparoscopic hysterectomy (Case 2). Case 1 is a 19-year-old, gravida 0, para 0 woman with dysmenorrhea and recurrent pelvic pain who presented for multiple emergency room and outpatient evaluations. Transvaginal ultrasonography was unremarkable except for a 28×30×26mm left lateral uterine mass with peripheral vascular flow that was initially felt to be a leiomyoma or rudimentary uterine horn. MRI imaging, however, demonstrated this mass to be more consistent with an ACUM. This was based on the lack of communication between the lesion and the main uterine cavity exhibited by high T2 signal (compatible with endometrial tissue) surrounding low T2/high T1 signal in the dependent aspects (representing blood products). After counseling regarding treatment options including medical management with hormonal contraception, the patient elected for definitive fertility preserving laparoscopic resection. In contrast, case 2 is a 39-year-old, gravida 3, para 3 woman with a 2 month history or left lower quadrant pain following her last vaginal delivery. Transvaginal ultrasonography showed a 23×18×19mm cystic structure within the left uterine wall, which was confirmed to represent an ACUM on MRI. Although she had no desire for fertility preservation, the patient elected for surgical resection of the mass as opposed to a hysterectomy in order to minimize complications and recovery time. Laparoscopic resection of ACUMs in patients desiring uterine preservation. Laparoscopic resection of the ACUMs was performed utilizing 2 different techniques. In both cases, dilute vasopressin was injected with a modified butterfly or spinal needle along the uterine-ACUM serosal interphase to aid with hemostasis. In patients desiring to preserve fertility (case 1) monopolar energy is utilized to make an incision along the ACUM serosa to help facilitate dissection. ACUM enucleation is then commenced in a circumferential manner along the ACUM and uterine myometrial interphase utilizing bipolar energy. In contrast to leiomyomas where dissection advances along the pseudocapsule, ACUM have poorly delineated borders with disorganized muscular fibers making dissection particularly difficult. A variety of instruments can be utilized to help in the sequential circumferential dissection in addition to a bipolar device including a single-tooth tenaculum, myoma hook, suction device or fine-needle grasper. Ultimately, the ACUM is transected off its uterine-myometrial attachment and hemostasis is obtain before closing the uterine defect in at least 2 layers using a 2-0 barbed V-Loc (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN). If fertility preservation is no longer desired, the dissection can greatly be expedited by performing a salpingectomy and skeletonizing the ACUM from the leaves of the broad ligament (case 2). A monopolar L-hook can then be used to transect the ACUM from the remaining uterine body. While difficult, these cases can be completed laparoscopically in approximately 2 hours with minimal blood loss. ACUMs are hypothesized to represent a previously under recognized Müllerian anomaly linked to gubernaculum dysfunction that occurs in premenopausal women with dysmenorrhea and chronic pelvic pain. Uterine and fertility sparing laparoscopic resection is possible but challenging due to poorly defined planes. Copyright © 2017 AAGL. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Surgical intrauterine insemination with cat semen cryopreserved with Orvus ES paste or sodium lauryl sulfate.

PubMed

Tsutsui, Toshihiko; Mizutani, Tatsuji; Matsubara, Yuka; Toyonaga, Mari; Oba, Hiromichi; Hori, Tatsuya

2011-02-01

The mean post-thaw sperm motilities of feline frozen semen prepared with 1% OEP or 3 g/ml SLS as a cryoprotective agent, in addition to 7% glycerin, were 35.0 ± 2.4 and 37.0 ± 2.5%, respectively, showing no significant difference. On unilateral intrauterine insemination (UIUI) using these semen samples at a sperm number of 40 × 10(6), the conception rate was 70.0% (7/10) in the OEP group and 30% (3/10) in the SLS group, showing that the rate was higher in the OEP group, but the difference was not significant. It was suggested that sperm in frozen semen showing the above qualities were transferred to the contralateral uterine horn on UIUI.

Surgical sterilization of free-ranging wolves.

PubMed

Spence, C E; Kenyon, J E; Smith, D R; Hayes, R D; Baer, A M

1999-02-01

The objective of the study was to determine whether surgical sterilization of both males and females in wolf pairs alters basic wolf social and territorial behaviors. Wolves were located from the air by snow-tracking methods and were tranquilizer-darted from a helicopter. Surgeries were performed either in a tent at the capture site or in a heated building in a nearby village. Six vasectomies and seven uterine horn ligations were performed in January and February of 1996 and 1997. Two females died: one likely related to the capture procedure, the other of a peritonitis unrelated to the surgery. One wolf had a litter. None of the wolves have shown changes in behavioral patterns. Surgical sterilization can be effective, but other, less invasive, fertility control techniques should be investigated.

In vivo measurement of intrauterine pressure by telemetry: a new approach for studying parturition in mouse models

PubMed Central

Pierce, Stephanie L.; Kutschke, William; Cabeza, Rafael

2010-01-01

Transgenic and knockout mouse models have proven useful in the study of genes necessary for parturition—including genes that affect the timing and/or progression of labor contractions. However, taking full advantage of these models will require a detailed characterization of the contractile patterns in the mouse uterus. Currently the best methodology for this has been measurement of isometric tension in isolated muscle strips in vitro. However, this methodology does not provide a real-time measure of changes in uterine pressure over the course of pregnancy. Recent advances have opened the possibility of using radiotelemetric devices to more accurately and comprehensively study intrauterine pressure in vivo. We tested the effectiveness of this technology in the mouse, in both wild-type (WT) mice and a mouse model of defective parturition (SK3 channel-overexpressing mice), after surgical implant of telemetry transmitters into the uterine horn. Continuous recordings from day 18 of pregnancy through delivery revealed that WT mice typically deliver during the 12-h dark cycle after 19.5 days postcoitum. In these mice, intrauterine pressure gradually increases during this cycle, to threefold greater than that measured during the 12-h cycle before delivery. SK3-overexpressing mice, by contrast, exhibited lower intrauterine pressure over the same period. These results are consistent with the outcome of previous in vitro studies, and they indicate that telemetry is an accurate method for measuring uterine contraction, and hence parturition, in mice. The use of this technology will lead to important novel insights into changes in intrauterine pressure during the course of pregnancy. PMID:20460604

Use of embryo transfer seven days after artificial insemination or transferring identical demi-embryos to increase twinning in beef cattle.

PubMed

Dahlen, C R; DiCostanzo, A; Spell, A R; Lamb, G C

2012-12-01

Our objectives were to determine pregnancy rate, fetal loss, and number of calves born in beef cattle after a fixed-time transfer of an embryo 7 d after a fixed-time artificial insemination (TAI) of cows (Exp. 1) and after transfer of 2 demi-embryos into a single heifer recipient (Exp. 2). In Exp. 1 after synchronization of ovulation, during 2 yr, 297 suckled beef cows were assigned randomly to 1 of 3 treatments: 1) on d 2 cows received a single TAI (TAI-2; n = 99), 2) a fixed-time direct transfer, frozen and thawed embryo placed in the uterine horn ipsilateral to the ovary containing a corpus luteum (CL) on d 9 embryo transfer (ET-9; n = 99), or 3) cows received TAI on d 2 and a frozen and thawed direct transfer embryo placed in the uterine horn ipsilateral to the ovary containing a CL on d 9 (TWIN) treatments (n = 99). Fetal number and viability were determined with ultrasonography at 33 to 35 d and 90 to 100 d after insemination. In Exp. 2, 74 crossbred recipient heifers were assigned randomly to receive either 1) a single whole fresh embryo (WHOLE; n = 37) or 2) 2 identical fresh demi-embryos (SPLIT; n = 37) in the uterine horn ipsilateral to the CL 7 d after an observed estrus. Ultrasonography was used on d 33, 69, and 108 to determine presence and number of embryos or fetuses. Palpation per rectum was used to determine pregnancy status on d 180 of gestation and number of live calves was recorded at birth. In Exp. 1 pregnancy rates on d 30 to 35 were greater (P < 0.05) for TWIN- (48.5%) and TAI-2- (47.5%) than for ET-9- (33.3%) treated cows. Of the 48 pregnant cows in the TWIN treatment, 21 were twin pregnancies whereas there was 1 twin pregnancy in the TAI-2 treatment. As a result, TWIN cows had more fetuses (P < 0.05) as a proportion of all treated cows (69.7%) than TAI-2- (48.5%) or ET-9-(33.3%) treated cows, and cows in the TWIN treatment gave birth to more (P < 0.01) calves (n = 55) compared with cows in the ET treatment (n = 23) whereas cows in the TAI-2 treatment (n = 40) were intermediate. In Exp. 2 heifers receiving SPLIT (81.1%) had greater (P < 0.05) pregnancy rates on d 33 than heifers receiving WHOLE (40.5%). Of the SPLIT heifers that were confirmed pregnant at d 33 after transfer, 57% were gestating twin fetuses. Embryonic or fetal loss from d 33 to birth was greater (P < 0.01) in heifers in the SPLIT treatment (40.0%) compared with the WHOLE treatment (0.0%), but number of calves per female treated was greater (P < 0.05) in heifers in the SPLIT treatment (75.0%) compared with heifers in the WHOLE treatment (40.5%). We conclude that transferring an embryo into a cow 7 d after TAI did not increase the pregnancy rate in Exp.1. However, transferring 2 demi-embryos into a single heifer recipient increased pregnancy rate at 33 d of gestation whereas both methods of inducing twinning resulted in a greater number of calves per female treated. In addition, embryonic or fetal loss associated with unilateral twin pregnancies in heifers occurred at rates greater than those associated with single-fetus pregnancies.

Oral administration of pharmacological doses of vitamins C and E reduces reproductive fitness and impairs the ovarian and uterine functions of female mice.

PubMed

Tarín, J J; Pérez-Albalá, S; Pertusa, J F; Cano, A

2002-03-15

This study aims to ascertain whether oral administration of pharmacological doses of Vitamins C and E has any detrimental effect on reproductive fitness of female mice. We fed hybrid female mice from the first day of weaning a standard diet supplemented or not supplemented with pharmacological doses of Vitamins C and E. At the age of 28 weeks, we individually caged females with a male for the rest of their reproductive life. We performed a series of mating experiments to ascertain the number of oocytes ovulated and the potential for embryo development in vitro to the blastocyst stage and in vivo to Day 12 of gestation. The antioxidant diet decreased the frequency of litters, litter size, total number of offspring born and survival of male pups to weaning. This effect was associated with lower number of corpora lutea in the left ovary, decreased percentage of viable fetuses, and higher number of fetal resorptions in the left uterine horn when compared to the control group. The strategy of supplementing the diet with antioxidant vitamins to prevent the age associated decrease in reproductive potential should not be implemented in human beings until a safe and efficient diet is designed.

Pyometra in a Siberian Polecat (Mustela eversmanni)

USGS Publications Warehouse

Johnson, J.D.; Biggins, D.E.; Wrigley, R.H.; Mangone, B.A.; Wimsatt, J.

1999-01-01

A 2-year-old Siberian polecat (Mustela eversmanni) from a breeding colony presented for ultrasound evaluation for pregnancy. It was paired with a male for 2.75 months and had remained absent of pregnancy signs when it was anesthetized and clinically evaluated. Until this time, the animal had eaten well and shown no outward signs of debility. On palpation, the animal had a fluid-filled tubular structure in the caudal abdomen, consistent in location and size with the uterus. No sign of vaginal discharge was present. Ultrasonography revealed 10 fluid-filled evaginations (approximately 12 mm in diameter) of the uterine horns. A presumptive diagnosis of a fluid-filled reproductive tract and likely reproductive failure was made in light of the animal's history, its clinical signs, and the ultrasound findings. Euthanasia was performed because the animal was nonreproductive and might yield information relevant to the breeding colony as a whole. Necropsy of the polecat revealed a distended fluctuant uterus containing mildly odiferous, thick, yellow-green, purulent material. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of pyometra. A pure and heavy growth of Enterococcus fecalis was cultured from the uterine contents. In light of results from routine minimal inhibitory concentration antibiotic sensitivity screening, this isolate was resistant to all antibiotics tested in the standard teaching hospital screen.

Pyometra in a Siberian Polecat (Mustela eversmanni).

PubMed

Johnson, Jay D.; Biggins, Dean E.; Wrigley, Robert H.; Mangone, Berney A.; Wimsatt, Jeffrey

1999-11-01

A 2-year-old Siberian polecat (Mustela eversmanni) from a breeding colony presented for ultrasound evaluation for pregnancy. It was paired with a male for 2.75 months and had remained absent of pregnancy signs when it was anesthetized and clinically evaluated. Until this time, the animal had eaten well and shown no outward signs of debility. On palpation, the animal had a fluid-filled tubular structure in the caudal abdomen, consistent in location and size with the uterus. No sign of vaginal discharge was present. Ultrasonography revealed 10 fluid-filled evaginations (approximately 12 mm in diameter) of the uterine horns. A presumptive diagnosis of a fluid-filled reproductive tract and likely reproductive failure was made in light of the animal's history, its clinical signs, and the ultrasound findings. Euthanasia was performed because the animal was nonreproductive and might yield information relevant to the breeding colony as a whole. Necropsy of the polecat revealed a distended fluctuant uterus containing mildly odiferous, thick, yellow-green, purulent material. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of pyometra. A pure and heavy growth of Enterococcus fecalis was cultured from the uterine contents. In light of results from routine minimal inhibitory concentration antibiotic sensitivity screening, this isolate was resistant to all antibiotics tested in the standard teaching hospital screen.

Drug delivery to the human and mouse uterus using immunoliposomes targeted to the oxytocin receptor.

PubMed

Paul, Jonathan W; Hua, Susan; Ilicic, Marina; Tolosa, Jorge M; Butler, Trent; Robertson, Sarah; Smith, Roger

2017-03-01

The ability to provide safe and effective pharmacotherapy during obstetric complications, such as preterm labor or postpartum hemorrhage, is hampered by the systemic toxicity of therapeutic agents leading to adverse side effects in the mother and fetus. Development of novel strategies to target tocolytic and uterotonic agents specifically to uterine myocytes would improve therapeutic efficacy while minimizing the risk of side effects. Ligand-targeted liposomes have emerged as a reliable and versatile platform for targeted drug delivery to specific cell types, tissues or organs. Our objective was to develop a targeted drug delivery system for the uterus utilizing an immunoliposome platform targeting the oxytocin receptor. We conjugated liposomes to an antibody that recognizes an extracellular domain of the oxytocin receptor. We then examined the ability of oxytocin receptor-targeted liposomes to deliver contraction-blocking (nifedipine, salbutamol and rolipram) or contraction-enhancing (dofetilide) agents to strips of spontaneously contracting myometrial tissue in vitro (human and mouse). We evaluated the ability of oxytocin receptor-targeted liposomes to localize to uterine tissue in vivo, and assessed if targeted liposomes loaded with indomethacin were capable of preventing lipopolysaccharide-induced preterm birth in mice. Oxytocin receptor-targeted liposomes loaded with nifedipine, salbutamol or rolipram consistently abolished human myometrial contractions in vitro, while oxytocin receptor-targeted liposomes loaded with dofetilide increased contraction duration. Nontargeted control liposomes loaded with these agents had no effect. Similar results were observed in mouse uterine strips. Following in vivo administration to pregnant mice, oxytocin receptor-targeted liposomes localized specifically to the uterine horns and mammary tissue. Targeting increased localization to the uterus 7-fold. Localization was not detected in the maternal brain or fetus. Targeted and nontargeted liposomes also localized to the liver. Oxytocin receptor-targeted liposomes loaded with indomethacin were effective in reducing rates of preterm birth in mice, whereas nontargeted liposomes loaded with indomethacin had no effect. Our results demonstrate that oxytocin receptor-targeted liposomes can be used to either inhibit or enhance human uterine contractions in vitro. In vivo, the liposomes localized to the uterine tissue of pregnant mice and were effective in delivering agents for the prevention of inflammation-induced preterm labor. The potential clinical advantage of targeted liposomal drug delivery to the myometrium is reduced dose and reduced toxicity to both mother and fetus. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Determination of the acid-base status in 50 horses admitted with colic between December 1998 and May 1999.

PubMed Central

Nappert, G; Johnson, P J

2001-01-01

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the acid-base status and the concentration of organic acids in horses with colic caused by various disorders. Blood samples were collected from 50 horses with colic and from 20 controls. No intravenous fluids had been given prior to sample collection. Identified causes of colic included gastric ulceration, small intestinal volvulus, cecal intussusception, cecal rupture, colonic impaction, left dorsal colon displacement, right dorsal colon displacement, colonic volvulus, colitis, peritonitis, and uterine torsion. Thirty-seven horses recovered from treatment of colic, 8 horses were euthanized, and 5 died. Most cases were not in severe metabolic acidosis. In previous studies, most horses presented for diagnosis and treatment of colic were in metabolic acidosis and in shock. PMID:11565369

Laparoscopic management of a twisted ovarian leiomyoma in a woman with 10 weeks' gestation: Case report and literature review.

PubMed

Kim, Myounghwan

2016-11-01

Primary leiomyoma of the ovary is a rare benign ovarian tumor that only seldom causes acute abdomen. A 35-year-old gravida 1, para 0 woman presented with a history of acute lower abdominal pain, and 10 weeks of amenorrhea. The patient's physical examination revealed abdominal tenderness, defense, and rebound. On ultrasonographic examination, a solid mass measuring 9.3 × 7.8 cm was detected adjacent to the uterine fundus. The mass was preoperatively diagnosed as a twisted pedunculated subserosal uterine myoma. Upon entering the pelvic cavity, the mass in the right adnexa appeared twisted clockwise. Therefore, a laparoscopic salpingo-oophorectomy was performed. The tumor was pathologically diagnosed as ovarian leiomyoma. The patient delivered a healthy girl at 40 1/7 weeks of pregnancy. Despite its low incidence, torsion of ovarian leiomyoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute abdomen. Furthermore, laparoscopic exploration should be the preferred way of removing twisted ovarian leiomyoma, even during pregnancy. It seems that primary ovarian leiomyomata have a tendency to grow rapidly during early pregnancy. However, because of the low incidence of ovarian leiomyoma, the effects of estrogen and pregnancy on this condition remain unclear.

Disruption of estrogen homeostasis as a mechanism for uterine toxicity in Wistar Han rats treated with tetrabromobisphenol A

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sanders, J. Michael, E-mail: sander10@mail.nih.gov; Coulter, Sherry J.; Knudsen, Gabriel A.

Chronic oral treatment of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) to female Wistar Han rats resulted in increased incidence of cell proliferation at 250 mg/kg and tumor formation in the uterus at higher doses. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that disruption of estrogen homeostasis was a major mode-of-action for the observed effects. Biological changes were assessed in serum, liver, and the proximal (nearest the cervix) and distal (nearest the ovaries) sections of the uterine horn of Wistar Han rats 24 h following administration of the last of five daily oral doses of 250 mg/kg. Expression of genes associated withmore » receptors, biosynthesis, and metabolism of estrogen was altered in the liver and uterus. TBBPA treatment also resulted in changes in expression of genes associated with cell division and growth. Changes were also observed in the concentration of thyroxine in serum and in expression of genes in the liver and uterus associated with thyroid hormone receptors. Differential expression of some genes was tissue-dependent or specific to tissue location in the uterus. The biological responses observed in the present study support the hypothesis that perturbation of estrogen homeostasis is a major mode-of-action for TBBPA-mediated cell proliferation and tumorigenesis previously observed in the uterus of TBBPA-treated Wistar Han rats. - Highlights: • Perturbation of estrogen homeostasis in TBBPA-treated female rats was investigated. • Gene expression changes were observed in the liver and uterus of these rats. • Genes associated with estrogen biosynthesis and metabolism were affected. • Genes associated with thyroid homeostasis and cell division/growth were affected. • A mechanism of uterine toxicity via endocrine disruption was indicated.« less

Local activation of uterine Toll-like receptor 2 and 2/6 decreases embryo implantation and affects uterine receptivity in mice.

PubMed

Sanchez-Lopez, Javier Arturo; Caballero, Ignacio; Montazeri, Mehrnaz; Maslehat, Nasim; Elliott, Sarah; Fernandez-Gonzalez, Raul; Calle, Alexandra; Gutierrez-Adan, Alfonso; Fazeli, Alireza

2014-04-01

Embryo implantation is a complex interaction between maternal endometrium and embryonic structures. Failure to implant is highly recurrent and impossible to diagnose. Inflammation and infections in the female reproductive tract are common causes of infertility, embryo loss, and preterm labor. The current work describes how the activation of endometrial Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and 2/6 reduces embryo implantation chances. We developed a morphometric index to evaluate the effects of the TLR 2/6 activation along the uterine horn (UH). TLR 2/6 ligation reduced the endometrial myometrial and glandular indexes and increased the luminal index. Furthermore, TLR 2/6 activation increased the proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1beta and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 in UH lavages in the preimplantation day and IL-1 receptor antagonist in the implantation day. The engagement of TLR 2/6 with its ligand in the UH during embryo transfer severely affected the rate of embryonic implantation (45.00% ± 6.49% vs. 16.69% ± 5.01%, P < 0.05, control vs. test, respectively). Furthermore, this interference with the embryo implantation process was verified using an in vitro model of human embryo implantation where trophoblast spheroids failed to adhere to a monolayer of TLR 2- and TLR 2/6-activated endometrial cells. The inhibition of TLR receptors 2 and 6 in the presence of their specific ligands restored the ability of the spheroids to bind to the endometrial cells. In conclusion, the activation of the innate immune system in the uterus at the time of implantation interfered with the endometrial receptivity and reduced the chances of implantation success.

Deep intra-uterine artificial inseminations using cryopreserved spermatozoa in beluga (Delphinapterus leucas).

PubMed

Robeck, T R; Steinman, K J; Montano, G A; Katsumata, E; Osborn, S; Dalton, L; Dunn, J L; Schmitt, T; Reidarson, T; O'Brien, J K

2010-10-01

Artificial insemination (AI) with liquid-stored spermatozoa and sperm cryopreservation using directional freezing (DF) have been successful in the beluga. This study built on this foundation to develop a deep intra-uterine AI technique with frozen-thawed semen in beluga. Forty-two ejaculates from one male were cryopreserved using DF technology and subsequently used for 10 insemination attempts with seven females. Percentage pre- and post-thaw progressive motility and viability were (mean +/- SD) 73.0 +/- 12.2, 38.4 +/- 8.8, 88.0 +/- 0.1, and 59.3 +/- 15.7%, respectively. A series of GnRH injections (3 x 250 microg, IV, 1.5 to 2 h apart) were used to induce ovulation, once a growing follicle >2.5 cm in diameter was visualized via trans-abdominal ultrasonography. Artificial insemination was performed at 30.1 +/- 3.8 h post-initial GnRH injection with semen deposited in the uterine horn, 92.6 +/- 16.2 cm beyond the genital opening using a flexible endoscope. The external cervical os (cEOS) was located beyond a series of 5 to 10 vaginal rings, 44.8 +/- 9.3 cm from the external genital opening. The internal bifurcation of the uterus was 27 +/- 6.8 cm beyond the cEOS. Ovulation occurred at 8.5 +/- 7.6 h post-AI. Two of 10 inseminations (20%) resulted in pregnancy. The first pregnancy resulted in twins; both calves were born 442 d after AI, with one surviving. The second pregnancy is ongoing. These findings represent the first successful application of AI using frozen-thawed semen in beluga, and are important examples of how assisted reproductive technologies can provide tools for the global management of threatened species. (c) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Dystocia in dromedary camels: Prevalence, forms, risks and hematobiochemical changes.

PubMed

Ali, Ahmed; Derar, Derar; Tharwat, Mohamed; Zeitoun, Moustafa M; Alsobyil, Fahd A

2016-07-01

The objectives of this study were to investigate the prevalence of dystocia in camel herds, its forms in primi- and multipara, the risks to fetus and dam, and the associated hematobiochemical changes. A total of 1890 calvings were surveyed for the prevalence of dystocia. Cases with dystocia (n=107) were examined for causes and treated with traction, fetotomy or Cesarean section. Logistic regression was performed to identify risk factors. The dependent variables were the fetal and maternal mortality, while the independent variables were parity, duration of dystocia, causes of dystocia, and method of treatment. Blood samples were collected from all dystocia camels and six controls for hematology and concentrations of serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp), estradiol-17β (E2), progesterone (P4), total protein, albumin, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). The overall prevalence of dystocia was 8.6%. Risk of dystocia was higher in camels managed in an intensive system than in those in a free system (Odds ratio=1.9, P=0.0003) and higher in primipara than in multipara (Odds ratio 1.7, P=0.005). Abnormal posture was the most important cause of dystocia (51.4%). Uterine torsion was the second most important cause (23.4%) and was mainly observed in multipara (P=0.0006). Dystocia was linked to high fetal mortality (87.9%). A significant relationship was found between fetal death and duration of dystocia (Odds ratio=8.04, P=0.005). The percentage of dam mortality was 17.8%. Significant associations were detected between dam mortality rate and the duration of dystocia (Odds ratio=4.74, P=0.03) and fetal viability (Odds ratio=5.82, P=0.02). Increasing duration of dystocia was associated with significant increases in SAA, Hp, BUN and AST, but with decreases in E2 (P<0.05). After a transient period of elevation, the white blood cell and neutrophil counts decreased (P<0.05). In conclusion, abnormal posture and uterine torsion were found to be the common causes of dystocia in dromedary camels, and fetal and maternal deaths were mainly associated with the duration of dystocia. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Mare and foal survival and subsequent fertility of mares treated for uterine torsion.

PubMed

Spoormakers, T J P; Graat, E A M; ter Braake, F; Stout, T A E; Bergman, H J

2016-03-01

Previous surveys have reported that mare and foal survival after correction of uterine torsion (UT) varies from 60 to 84% and from 30 to 54%, respectively. Furthermore, resolution via a standing flank laparotomy (SFL) has been associated with better foal, but not mare, survival. To compare the success of SFL with other correction methods (e.g. midline or flank laparotomy under general anaesthesia; correction per vaginam). Retrospective analysis of clinical records. Data on correction technique, stage of gestation, degree of rotation, survival and subsequent fertility for 189 mares treated for UT at 3 equine referral hospitals in The Netherlands during 1987-2007 were analysed. Mean stage of gestation at diagnosis was 283 days (range 153-369 days), with the majority of UTs (77.5%) occurring before Day 320 of gestation. After correction of UT, 90.5% of mares and 82.3% of foals survived to hospital discharge, between 3 and 39 days later, and to foaling. Multivariable logistic regression indicated that correction method and stage of gestation at UT affected survival of foals and mares. For foals, survival was 88.7% after SFL compared with 35.0% after other methods (P = 0.001). When UT occurred at <320 days, 90.6% of foals survived, compared with 56.1% at ≥320 days (P = 0.007). For mare survival, an interaction between stage of gestation and correction method was detected (P = 0.02), with higher survival after SFL (97.1%) than other methods (50.0%) at <320 days of gestation (P<0.01). When UT occurred at ≥320 days, mare survival did not differ between techniques (76.0 vs. 68.8%; P = 0.6). Of 123 mares that were bred again, 93.5% became pregnant; fertility did not differ between mares treated by SFL (93.9%) and other techniques (87.5%; P = 0.9). Standing flank laparotomy is the surgical technique of choice for resolving uncomplicated equine UT (i.e. with no coexisting gastrointestinal lesions) except when the stage of gestation exceeds 320 days. © 2015 EVJ Ltd.

Wandering spleen with horseshoe kidney a rare occurrence.

PubMed

Than, Da Jun; Ern, Teo Ten; Karim, Khasnizal Bin Abdul

2018-01-01

Wandering spleen is a rare clinical entity in itself, with only 2 cases reported thus far when correlated with congenital under-development of the kidney, it usually happens due to under development of its surrounding ligaments. Herein we present a case of wandering spleen with underlying congenital deformity of horseshoe kidney which requires splenectomy due to late presentation. A 21 year old lady presented with worsening of chronic abdominal pain for 3 years, associated with nausea and vomiting. Physical examination showed a vague mass located at epigastric region. Consecutively, computed tomography images showed a well-defined, oval, hypoechoic spleen extending from center of abdomen up to epigastric region measuring 15.5 × 13 cm with twisted pedicle. Finally the patient underwent surgical treatment. The intraoperative findings were consistent with computed tomography images. The patient made a full recovery and was discharged well. Wandering Spleen was first described by Van Horne during autopsy back in 1667. Its location is maintained by peritoneal attachments such as lienorenal, splenocolic, splenophrenic, gastrosplenic and phrenicocolic ligaments. Among which, the gastrosplenic ligament and lienorenal ligaments are of greatest significance. Patient with a wandering spleen may present asymptomatic, with a movable mass in the abdomen, or with chronic or intermittent abdominal pain because of partial torsion and spontaneous de-torsion of the spleen as in our case. When feasible especially in young patients, splenopexy should always be the first consideration but however if gross infarct has occurred then splenectomy is inevitable to save the patient. Wandering spleen is a unique surgical entity moreover when appeared in congruence with horseshoe kidney. Its diagnosis should be made in prompt to prevent splenic infarction and to try to salvage with splenopexy especially in younger population. However in patient where splenic torsion with infarction has occurred, splenectomy would be the treatment of choice. Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

Intrauterine insemination with fresh semen in Amur leopard cat (Pionailurus bengalensis eutilura) during non-breeding season

PubMed Central

TAJIMA, Hideo; YOSHIZAWA, Madoka; SASAKI, Shinichi; YAMAMOTO, Fujio; NARUSHIMA, Etsuo; TSUTSUI, Toshihiko; FUNAHASHI, Takashi; KUSUDA, Satoshi; DOI, Osamu; TATEYAMA, Yuriko; KOBAYASHI, Masanori; HORI, Tatsuya; KAWAKAMI, Eiichi

2016-01-01

Equine and human chorionic gonadotropins were administered to two female Amur leopard cats to induce estrus and ovulation during non-breeding season. Fresh semen collected from male cats was surgically inseminated into the uterine horn of the females. In one animal, two fetal sacs without heartbeats were observed on abdominal ultrasonography 31 days after insemination, which indicated that embryo death had occurred. In the other animal, fetal heartbeats were detected in two fetal sacs 29 days after insemination, which confirmed as pregnancy. This animal delivered two newborns 68 days after insemination; the one of the kittens was assumed to be stillbirth, and the other grew normally. In this study, we successfully obtained a kitten from an Amur leopard cat by artificial breeding for the first time in Japan. PMID:27733725

Intrauterine insemination with fresh semen in Amur leopard cat (Pionailurus bengalensis eutilura) during non-breeding season.

PubMed

Tajima, Hideo; Yoshizawa, Madoka; Sasaki, Shinichi; Yamamoto, Fujio; Narushima, Etsuo; Tsutsui, Toshihiko; Funahashi, Takashi; Kusuda, Satoshi; Doi, Osamu; Tateyama, Yuriko; Kobayashi, Masanori; Hori, Tatsuya; Kawakami, Eiichi

2017-01-20

Equine and human chorionic gonadotropins were administered to two female Amur leopard cats to induce estrus and ovulation during non-breeding season. Fresh semen collected from male cats was surgically inseminated into the uterine horn of the females. In one animal, two fetal sacs without heartbeats were observed on abdominal ultrasonography 31 days after insemination, which indicated that embryo death had occurred. In the other animal, fetal heartbeats were detected in two fetal sacs 29 days after insemination, which confirmed as pregnancy. This animal delivered two newborns 68 days after insemination; the one of the kittens was assumed to be stillbirth, and the other grew normally. In this study, we successfully obtained a kitten from an Amur leopard cat by artificial breeding for the first time in Japan.

Prenatal development in fishers (Martes pennanti)

USGS Publications Warehouse

Frost, H.C.; Krohn, W.B.; Bezembluk, E.A.; Lott, R.; Wallace, C.R.

2005-01-01

We evaluated and quantified prenatal growth of fishers (Martes pennanti) using ultrasonography. Seven females gave birth to 21 kits. The first identifiable embryonic structures were seen 42 d prepartum; these appeared to be unimplanted blastocysts or gestational sacs, which subsequently implanted in the uterine horns. Maternal and fetal heart rates were monitored from first detection to birth. Maternal heart rates did not differ among sampling periods, while fetal hearts rates increased from first detection to birth. Head and body differentiation, visible limbs and skeletal ossification were visible by 30, 23 and 21 d prepartum, respectively. Mean diameter of gestational sacs and crown-rump lengths were linearly related to gestational age (P < 0.001). Biparietal and body diameters were also linearly related to gestational age (P < 0.001) and correctly predicted parturition dates within 1-2 d. ?? 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Uterine microvascular sensitivity to nanomaterial inhalation: An in vivo assessment

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Stapleton, P.A.; McBride, C.R.; Yi, J.

With the tremendous number and diverse applications of engineered nanomaterials incorporated in daily human activity, exposure can no longer be solely confined to occupational exposures of healthy male models. Cardiovascular and endothelial cell dysfunction have been established using in vitro and in situ preparations, but the translation to intact in vivo models is limited. Intravital microscopy has been used extensively to understand microvascular physiology while maintaining in vivo neurogenic, humoral, and myogenic control. However, a tissue specific model to assess the influences of nanomaterial exposure on female reproductive health has not been fully elucidated. Female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats weremore » exposed to nano-TiO{sub 2} aerosols (171 ± 6 nm, 10.1 ± 0.39 mg/m{sup 3}, 5 h) 24-hours prior to experimentation, leading to a calculated deposition of 42.0 ± 1.65 μg. After verifying estrus status, vital signs were monitored and the right horn of the uterus was exteriorized, gently secured over an optical pedestal, and enclosed in a warmed tissue bath using intravital microscopy techniques. After equilibration, significantly higher leukocyte-endothelium interactions were recorded in the exposed group. Arteriolar responsiveness was assessed using ionophoretically applied agents: muscarinic agonist acetylcholine (0.025 M; ACh; 20, 40, 100, and 200 nA), and nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside (0.05 M; SNP; 20, 40, and 100 nA), or adrenergic agonist phenylephrine (0.05 M; PE; 20, 40, and 100 nA) using glass micropipettes. Passive diameter was established by tissue superfusion with 10{sup −4} M adenosine. Similar to male counterparts, female SD rats present systemic microvascular dysfunction; however the ramifications associated with female health and reproduction have yet to be elucidated. - Highlights: • Female reproductive health associated with nanomaterial exposure is understudied. • We examined uterine microvascular alterations 24-hours after nano-TiO{sub 2} inhalation. • There is an increase in uterine venular leukocyte activity post nano-TiO{sub 2} exposure. • Nano-TiO{sub 2} exposure perturbs uterine arteriolar endothelium-dependent dilation. • Intravital microscopy is a powerful tool for future toxicological assessments.« less

Improved fertility in gilts and sows after artificial insemination of frozen-thawed boar semen by supplementation of semen extender with caffeine and CaCl2.

PubMed

Yamaguchi, Shoichiro; Funahashi, Hiroaki; Murakami, Tetsuya

2009-12-01

Supplementation of semen extender with caffeine and CaCl(2) for artificial insemination (AI) of fresh spermatozoa has been demonstrated to reduce recruitment of uterine polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and the activity of phagocytosis. Here, we determined if addition of caffeine and CaCl(2) to semen extender improves the fertility of frozen-thawed boar semen. In experiment 1, gilts were cervically inseminated twice with frozen-thawed boar spermatozoa (25 x 10(8) cells per dose) suspended in Modena solution (n=7) or modified Beltsville Thawing Solution supplemented with caffeine and CaCl(2) (BCC, n=7). The gilts were slaughtered 4 h later, and their oviducts and uterine horns plus the body of the uterus were flushed to recover PMNs and non-phagocytosed spermatozoa. There was no difference in the total number of uterine PMNs between gilts inseminated with Modena solution and those inseminated with BCC (3.8 x 10(8) vs. 1.5 x 10(8) cells, respectively); however, the total number of uterine spermatozoa was higher when gilts were inseminated with BCC (40.6 x 10(6) cells) compared with those inseminated with Modena solution (1.4 x 10(6) cells, P<0.05). In experiment 2, gilts and sows were subjected to intrauterine insemination twice with frozen-thawed spermatozoa suspended (25 x 10(8) sperm per dose) in Modena (n=21) or BCC (n=21). The overall pregnancy and farrowing rates were higher in females inseminated with BCC (71.4 and 61.9%, respectively) compared with those inseminated with Modena solution (38.1 and 28.6%, respectively, P<0.05). However, no significant difference in litter size of piglets was observed between treatments (7.2 +/- 1.6 piglets for Modena solution vs. 8.2 +/- 0.9 piglets for BCC solution). In conclusion, we demonstrated that use of BCC solution for frozen-thawed boar semen produced better pregnancy and farrowing rates following AI than Modena solution, probably by reducing the phagocytosis of spermatozoa.

Phytochemical characteristic and uterotonic effect of aqueous extract of Ficus deltoidea leaves in rats uterus.

PubMed

Amiera, Z Umi Romaizatul; Nihayah, M; Wahida, I Farah; Rajab, N F

2014-09-01

Ficus deltoidea is traditionally consumed by Malay woman to augment labour and hastening parturition. This study was to investigate the phytochemical present and uterotonic activity of F. deltoidea var. Deltoidea (FDD) and F. deltoidea var. Angustifolia (FDA) leaves aqueous extract. FDD and FDA were qualitatively analysed. In uterine contraction activity, adult female Sprague Dawley rats were pretreated with 0.2 mg kg(-1) diethylstilbestrol 24 h to induce oestrus phase. The rats then killed and uterine horns were taken out, cut into two centimetres length and put into organ bath that connected to Powerlab instrument. The uterus separately tested with cumulative concentrations of FDD (10-1280 μg mL(-1)), FDA (10-1280 μg mL(-1)), oxytocin (0.02-0.64 μg mL(-1)) and combination of oxytocin (0.08 μg mL(-1)) with FDD and FDA (10-1280 μg mL(-1)). FDD showed presence of flavonoid, saponin and tannin meanwhile FDA consist of flavonoid, tannin and terpenoid. Result showed FDD, FDA and oxytocin induced a dose-related increase in force of contraction of isolated rat uterus. The maximum uterine contraction (Emax) produced by FDD, FDA and oxytocin were at the concentration 640 μg mL(-1) (EC50, 5.903 ± 0.529 μg mL), 20 μg mL(-1) (EC50, 290.5 ± 0.158 μg mL(-1)) and 0.4 μg mL(-1) (EC50, 0.060 ± 0.011 μg mL(-1)) respectively. Combination effects of oxytocin with FDD and FDA produced Emax at the concentration 80 μg mL(-1) (EC50, 270.3 ± 0.643 μg mL(-1)) and 1280 μg mL(-1) (EC50, 26.83 ± 0.727 μg mL(-1)), respectively. Study indicated F. deltoidea possess contractile effect on uterine contraction. This plant has great potential to develop as natural uterotonic agent in inducing labour and treatment for post-partum haemorrhage.

Bovine Reproductive Palpation Training: Does the Cow Make a Difference?

PubMed

French, Hilari M; Dascanio, John J; Gilbert, Gregory E; Robinson, James Q

2018-01-01

Gaining experience and dexterity for trans-rectal cattle palpation requires substantial training. Simulation allows students to perform palpation without risks and to obtain feedback, but many believe live cattle palpation is essential. Limited research exists on the proper training method for live animal trans-rectal palpation. This study compared student improvement in laboratory palpation skills when assigned to the same cows versus choosing a cow at random. The hypothesis for the study was that students assigned the same cow, as compared to students choosing a cow at random, would be more accurate at palpation, would learn what structures are present on the ovaries and what size the reproductive tract measures, and would be able to follow the cyclicity of the cow. Cervical diameter, uterine tone, diameter of left and right uterine horns, and ovarian structures were recorded over time. Responses were compared to laboratory instructors' responses and Z-tests for proportions were used to test the differences in percentage correct at each time point for each palpation exercise. Overall the experiment showed that assigning students to certain cows will not improve their trans-rectal palpation training. However, asking students to identify specific landmarks with quantitative measurements did allow for more productive laboratory time and engaged students. The results of the present study also suggest that if there is limited time available for palpation instruction, choosing cows with behavior allowing easy handling is important to the educational process.

Procedure for successful interspecific embryo transfer from mouflon (Ovis gmelini musimon) to Spanish Merino sheep (Ovis aries).

PubMed

Santiago-Moreno, J; González-Bulnes, A; Gómez-Brunet, A; Cocero, M J; del Campo, A; García-García, R; López-Sebastián, A

2001-09-01

Embryos from five anesthetized mouflons (Ovis gmelini musimon), superovulated with FSH-o (Ovagen) were transferred into preselected Spanish Merino sheep (Ovis aries). Myorelaxation was complete in four of five donor mouflons. The status of the uterus of potential recipients was evaluated by transrectal ultrasonography, and those ewes with fluid in the uterine horn were rejected. The corpus luteum in each ewe was assessed ultrasonographically the day before surgery. Plasma progesterone levels and the quality of the corpora lutea were the criteria for selection of recipients. Ten embryos were transferred to the five selected Spanish Merino recipients, resulting in four pregnancies and seven live-born lambs, including three sets of twins. This study shows that determination of plasma progesterone levels combined with ultrasonographic assessment of the corpus luteum provides information useful for screening of potential recipients.

X-chromosome monosomy in an infertile female llama.

PubMed

Hinrichs, K; Horin, S E; Buoen, L C; Zhang, T Q; Ruth, G R

1997-05-15

A 3-year-old female llama was examined because of a history of infertility and apparent anovulation. The llama had indifferent behavior when penned with a male, but eventually would assume sternal recumbency for breeding. On examination, the llama was underweight and small in stature. The uterine horns and ovaries could not be identified during palpation or ultrasonography per rectum, and the cervix was dilated when examined with a speculum. Chromosomal preparations of lymphocytes and skin fibroblasts were performed; all cells examined had a 73, X karyotype (X-chromosome monosomy). To our knowledge, this is the first report of a chromosomal anomaly in a llama. Signs seen in this llama were similar to those seen in mares with X-chromosome monosomy. This condition should be considered in the differential diagnosis of infertility in llamas that fail to ovulate, especially if other abnormalities such as indifferent sexual behavior and short stature are present.

Endothelin induces two types of contractions of rat uterus: phasic contractions by way of voltage-dependent calcium channels and developing contractions through a second type of calcium channels

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kozuka, M.; Ito, T.; Hirose, S.

1989-02-28

Effects of endothelin on nonvascular smooth muscle have been examined using rat uterine horns and two modes of endothelin action have been revealed. Endothelin (0.3 nM) caused rhythmic contractions of isolated uterus in the presence of extracellular calcium. The rhythmic contractions were completely inhibited by calcium channel antagonists. These characteristics of endothelin-induced contractions were very similar to those induced by oxytocin. Binding assays using /sup 125/I-endothelin showed that endothelin and the calcium channel blockers did not compete for the binding sites. However, endothelin was unique in that it caused, in addition to rhythmic contractions, a slowly developing monophasic contraction thatmore » was insensitive to calcium channel blockers. This developing contraction became dominant at higher concentrations of endothelin and was also calcium dependent.« less

Bilateral Leydig cell tumor in a six-year-old intersex goat affected by Polled Intersex Syndrome.

PubMed

Monteagudo, L V; Arruga, M V; Bonafonte, J I; Ordás, M; Whyte, A; Gallego, M; Bascuas, J A; Sierra, I

2008-01-01

A 6-year-old, sterile, Blanca Celtibérica breed adult doe was referred to our faculty. The doe had external female genitalia, a short anogenital distance, and normally shaped udders. Masculinization signs in the head shape and male behavior were also noted at the time of referral. Genetic analysis demonstrated normal 2n = 60 XX karyotype and an absence of the sex-determining region Y (SRY). The animal was homozygous for a DNA deletion responsible for the Polled Intersex Syndrome (PIS). A uterus and 2 uterine horns were present at the postmortem examination. Gartner's ducts and degenerated Wolffian derivatives persisted. There were 2 intra-abdominal testicle-like structures, one of which consisted of epididymal and deferent ducts. An advanced Leydig cell tumor, resulting in almost total destruction of the intratesticular structures, was also observed. Leydig cell tumors usually produce testosterone. Thus, these histologic findings are compatible with the evident virilization.

[150 cases of vedio-laparoscopic gynecologic surgery].

PubMed

Liu, Y; Hui, N

1994-04-01

From September 1992 to September 1993, 150 patients aged 15-68 years underwent laparoscopic gynecologic surgery. These patients included 63 patients with acute abdominal diseases (46 had ectopic pregnancy, 9 rupture of ovary, and 8 torsion of ovarian cyst), which consisted of 90% of total patients with acute abdomen in corresponding period, 63 patients with mass of adnexa, which made up 72% of total patients with ovarian tumors, and 24 patients with uterine diseases. We successfully performed laparoscopic salpingostomy, fallotomy, removal of ovarian cyst, oophorosalpingectomy, myomectomy and laparoscopy assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH) with 2-4 puncture technic after general anesthesia. The largest ovarian tumor and the enlarged uterus were 14 and 16 cm in diameter respectively. Four patients had laparotomy because of severe pelvic adhesions and the laparotomy rate was about 2.6%. The procedure lasted 20-240 minutes and bleeding was less than 200ml. No major surgical complication was encountered.

Developmental Research in Space: Predicting Adult Neurobehavioral Phenotypes via Metabolomic Imaging

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schorn, Julia M.; Moyer, Eric L.; Lowe, Moniece M.; Morgan, Jonathan; Tulbert, Christina D.; Olson, John; Olson, John; Horita, David A.; Kleven, Gale A.

2017-01-01

As human habitation and eventual colonization of space becomes an inevitable reality, there is a necessity to understand how organisms develop over the life span in the space environment. Microgravity, altered CO2, radiation and psychological stress are some of the key factors that could affect mammalian reproduction and development in space, however there is a paucity of information on this topic. Here we combine early (neonatal) in vivo spectroscopic imaging with an adult emotionality assay following a common obstetric complication (prenatal asphyxia) likely to occur during gestation in space. The neural metabolome is sensitive to alteration by degenerative changes and developmental disorders, thus we hypothesized that that early neonatal neurometabolite profiles can predict adult response to novelty. Late gestation fetal rats were exposed to moderate asphyxia by occluding the blood supply feeding one of the rats pair uterine horns for 15min. Blood supply to the opposite horn was not occluded (within-litter cesarean control). Further comparisons were made with vaginal (natural) birth controls. In one-week old neonates, we measured neurometabolites in three brain areas (i.e., striatum, prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus). Adult perinatally-asphyxiated offspring exhibited greater anxiety-like behavioral phenotypes (as measured the composite neurobehavioral assay involving open field activity, responses to novel object, quantification of fecal droppings, and resident-intruder tests of social behavior). Further, early neurometabolite profiles predicted adult responses. Non-invasive MRS screening of mammalian offspring is likely to advance ground-based space analogue studies informing mammalian reproduction in space, and achieving high-priority.

Ultrasonographic and laparoscopic evaluation of the reproductive tract in older captive female cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus).

PubMed

Schulman, M L; Kirberger, R M; Tordiffe, A S W; Marker, L L; Schmidt-Küntzel, A; Hartman, M J

2015-12-01

The study uniquely described the clinical value of transabdominal ultrasonography for monitoring features characterizing the estrous cycle in female cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus). The reproductive tracts of 21 female, nulliparous, and relatively aged (median: 11 and interquartile range: 9.25-14 years) captive cheetahs resident on two sites in Namibia were assessed by transabdominal ultrasound. Subsequently, the ovarian findings on ultrasound were compared with direct visualization while performing laparoscopic sterilization. A combination of these observations supported by concurrent sampling for vaginal cytology and serum progesterone concentrations defined the estrous status of individual animals. At one site, six cheetahs had been implanted with the GnRH agonist, deslorelin as a contraceptive at least once within the preceding 11 years. On ultrasound, 31 uterine horns and 35 ovaries with discernible structures on 28 (86%) were visualized in the 21 cheetahs. The uterine body was difficult to visualize because of its intrapelvic location. Eleven of 19 uteri (58%) visualized showed endometrial edema suggestive of estrogenization. The uteri of four cheetahs (19%) showed evidence of mild cystic endometrial hyperplasia. Paraovarian cysts were seen on ultrasound (n = 21) and laparoscopy (n = 26) in 16 (76.2%) and 18 (85.7%) cheetahs, respectively. Ovarian volumes obtained from ultrasonographically determined dimensions predicted cyclic activity. Laparoscopy showed that 19 ovaries had discernible follicular structures. In the study population, 10 (47.6%) cheetahs were in proestrus or estrus; none in the luteal phase; and 11 (52.4%) in anestrus. Transabdominal ultrasound, in combination with serum progesterone concentrations and vaginal cytology, was used with acceptable accuracy to assess cyclic ovarian activity in captive cheetahs. A considerable proportion of this aged population showed ovarian activity and the prevalence of paraovarian cysts was notable. A history of prior deslorelin treatment was not associated with either reproductive activity or uterine pathology. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

A Novel Use of Three-dimensional High-frequency Ultrasonography for Early Pregnancy Characterization in the Mouse.

PubMed

Peavey, Mary C; Reynolds, Corey L; Szwarc, Maria M; Gibbons, William E; Valdes, Cecilia T; DeMayo, Francesco J; Lydon, John P

2017-10-24

High-frequency ultrasonography (HFUS) is a common method to non-invasively monitor the real-time development of the human fetus in utero. The mouse is routinely used as an in vivo model to study embryo implantation and pregnancy progression. Unfortunately, such murine studies require pregnancy interruption to enable follow-up phenotypic analysis. To address this issue, we used three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction of HFUS imaging data for early detection and characterization of murine embryo implantation sites and their individual developmental progression in utero. Combining HFUS imaging with 3-D reconstruction and modeling, we were able to accurately quantify embryo implantation site number as well as monitor developmental progression in pregnant C57BL6J/129S mice from 5.5 days post coitus (d.p.c.) through to 9.5 d.p.c. with the use of a transducer. Measurements included: number, location, and volume of implantation sites as well as inter-implantation site spacing; embryo viability was assessed by cardiac activity monitoring. In the immediate post-implantation period (5.5 to 8.5 d.p.c.), 3-D reconstruction of the gravid uterus in both mesh and solid overlay format enabled visual representation of the developing pregnancies within each uterine horn. As genetically engineered mice continue to be used to characterize female reproductive phenotypes derived from uterine dysfunction, this method offers a new approach to detect, quantify, and characterize early implantation events in vivo. This novel use of 3-D HFUS imaging demonstrates the ability to successfully detect, visualize, and characterize embryo-implantation sites during early murine pregnancy in a non-invasive manner. The technology offers a significant improvement over current methods, which rely on the interruption of pregnancies for gross tissue and histopathologic characterization. Here we use a video and text format to describe how to successfully perform ultrasounds of early murine pregnancy to generate reliable and reproducible data with reconstruction of the uterine form in mesh and solid 3-D images.

A new experimental three-dimensional, reticular intrauterine device (3-DRIUD) composed of nitinol and silicone rubber.

PubMed

Qiu, Yi; Wang, Lei-Guang; Zhang, Mei-Hua; Zhang, Yan-Ping; Zhang, Ai-Dong; Yang, Dan-Tong

2013-07-01

The aim of this study was to explore a new three-dimensional, reticular intrauterine device (3-DRIUD) composed of nitinol and silicone rubber and to observe the contraceptive effect of the device in rats. Two contraceptive experiments were performed. In the first, female rats underwent bilateral placement of a 20.0-35.0-mm 3-DRUID (experimental group, n=30) via an abdominal incision or a sham operation with no IUD (control group, n=30). Two weeks after the operation was performed, the rats from either group were caged together with male rats. The contraceptive effects of the 3-DRIUD were observed at 1 to 3 months postoperation, after which the 3-DRIUDs were removed. One month after this second operation, the rats from the two groups were again coupled with fertile male rats. In a second experiment, female rats underwent bilateral placement of a 10.0-mm 3-DRUID (n=5) via an abdominal incision or a two-dimensional IUD (2-DIUD, n=20) and mated 1 month after surgery. The single-pipeline IUD was placed in 10 rats, while the enfolded-pipeline IUD was placed in 10 different rats. In the first experiment, none of the females in the experimental 3-DRIUD group became pregnant (0/30, 0%) after 3 months, compared to 28/30 (93.3%, p<.0001) rats in the control group. After the 3-DRIUDs were removed from the experimental group after 3 months, 27/30 (90%) became pregnant, compared with 29/30 (97%, p>.05). The litter size (mean±SD) did not differ between groups (10.9±1.5 3-DRUID, 11.2±1.1 control, p>.05). In the second experiment, five rats had a 10.0-mm 3-DRUID (which was one third the length of one uterine horn) inserted into the bilateral uterine horns, and three of the five rats became pregnant. All 20 rats were pregnant 1 month after the insertion of the 2-DIUD. Thus, the contraceptive rate for the 2-DIUD group was 0. The primary contraceptive mechanism effect of the new 3-DRIUD in rodents appears to be a result of occupying physical space in the uterus. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Isolation and identification of yeast flora from genital tract in healthy female camels (Camelus dromedarius).

PubMed

Shokri, Hojjatollah; Khosravi, Alireza; Sharifzadeh, Aghil; Tootian, Zahra

2010-07-29

Yeasts are commensal organisms found in the skin, genital and gastrointestinal tracts, and other mucosal sites in mammalians. The purposes of this study were to identify yeast flora and to determine the number of colony forming units (CFUs) in genital tract of healthy female dromedary camels, establishing their connection in both mated and unmated conditions. The samples were taken from different parts of genital tract including vestibule, vagina, cervix, uterine body, and uterine horns of 50 camels using sterilized cotton swabs. They were cultured onto Sabouraud glucose agar containing chloramphenicol and incubated at 30 degrees C for 7-10 days. A total of 454 yeast colonies were obtained from genital tract. Yeast isolates belonged to 8 genera: Candida (73.1%), Trichosporon (10.1%), Geotrichum (7.5%), Kluyveromyces (3.5%), Rhodotorula (2.4%), Aureobasidium (1.4%), Cryptococcus (1.1%) and Prototheca (0.8%). Among different Candida species, C. zeylanoides was the most common isolated species, representing significant difference with other Candida species (P<0.05). The mean number of yeasts found in the vestibule (46%) was significantly higher than the results obtained from other parts (P<0.05). In addition, the mean value of CFUs from unmated females (71.1%) was significantly higher than mated females (P<0.05). The results showed that C. zeylanoides was a common component of healthy camel females' genital mycoflora and the number of yeasts varied between mated and unmated females. Copyright (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Reproductive functional anatomy and oestrous cycle pattern of the female brush-tailed porcupine (Atherurus africanus, Gray 1842) from Gabon.

PubMed

Mayor, P; López-Béjar, M; Jori, F; Fenech, M; López-Gatius, F

2003-07-15

In the present study, we examined certain features of the functional anatomy of the female genital tract of the wild brush-tailed porcupine (Atherurus africanus) to obtain data on the reproductive biology of this African forest rodent. Two consecutive experiments were performed. The aim of the first was to establish macroscopic and microscopic features of the genital organs, and to explore correlations between predominant ovarian structures and vaginal contents in 20 wild, mature females. In the second experiment, we inspected the external genitalia and vaginal smears of a further 10 females in captivity on a daily basis for 90 days. The uterus of the brush-tailed porcupine is bicornuate and composed of two separated uterine horns, a uterine body and cervix. The genital tract does not present a vaginal vestibule. Thus, there is no portion common to genital and urinary tracts. Females in the follicular phase of the oestrous cycle showed increased cornification of the vaginal epithelium and a high density of eosinophilic cells in vaginal smears. The vulva and vaginal opening were open, reddish and tumefacted. In luteal phase or in pregnancy, epithelial cornification and eosinophilic features were notably reduced and the vagina presented a pale, non-tumefacted vulva and a vaginal closure membrane. Females in captivity showed spontaneous cycles, a polyoestrous reproduction pattern and, based on features of the external genitalia and vaginal smears, their oestrous cycle length was 27.1+/-6.4 days (n=12).

Developmental Research in Space: Predicting Adult Neurobehavioral Phenotypes via Metabolomic Imaging

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schorn, Julia M.; Moyer, Eric L.; Lowe, M.; Morgan, Jonathan A.; Tulbert, Christina D.; Olson, John; Horita, David A.; Klevin, Gale A.; Ronca, April E.

2017-01-01

As human habitation and eventual colonization of space becomes an inevitable reality, there is a necessity to understand how organisms develop over the life span in the space environment. Microgravity, altered CO2, radiation and psychological stress are some of the key factors that could affect mammalian reproduction and development in space, however there is a paucity of information on this topic. Here we combine early (neonatal) in vivo spectroscopic imaging with an adult emotionality assay following a common obstetric complication (prenatal asphyxia) likely to occur during gestation in space. The neural metabolome is sensitive to alteration by degenerative changes and developmental disorders, thus we hypothesized that that early neonatal neurometabolite profiles can predict adult response to novelty. Late gestation fetal rats were exposed to moderate asphyxia by occluding the blood supply feeding one of the rats pair uterine horns for 15min. Blood supply to the opposite horn was not occluded (within-litter cesarean control). Further comparisons were made with vaginal (natural) birth controls. In one-week old neonates, we measured neurometabolites in three brain areas (i.e., striatum, prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus). Adult perinatally-asphyxiated offspring exhibited greater anxiety-like behavioral phenotypes (as measured the composite neurobehavioral assay involving open field activity, responses to novel object, quantification of fecal droppings, and resident-intruder tests of social behavior). Further, early neurometabolite profiles predicted adult responses. Non-invasive MRS screening of mammalian offspring is likely to advance ground-based space analogue studies informing mammalian reproduction in space, and achieving high-priority multigenerational research that will enable studies of the first truly space-developed mammals.

Vaginal fold prolapse during the last third of pregnancy, followed by normal parturition, in a bitch.

PubMed

Gouletsou, Pagona G; Galatos, Apostolos D; Apostolidis, Kosmas; Sideri, Aikaterini I

2009-06-01

This article describes a 1.5-year-old female, Greek Hound dog, weighing 16 kg, presented with a type III vaginal prolapse which occurred during the last third of pregnancy. Trans-abdominal ultrasonography revealed four live foetuses in the uterine horns. The animal was hospitalized and 4 days later gave birth without any interference. Three days later, resection of the prolapsed tissue was performed and the bitch recovered completely. Recurrence of a type I vaginal prolapse was observed 4 months later, during subsequent oestrus. This case is unusual because, although vaginal fold prolapse is mainly seen during proestrus/oestrus or during parturition, it was first noticed 47 days after mating and 13 days before parturition. Furthermore, even though the prolapse of vaginal fold was of type III and of considerable size, parturition proceeded normally. Finally, even though resection of the prolapsed tissue was performed 3 days after parturition, recurrence of vaginal fold oedema (type I) was observed in the subsequent oestrus.

Factors affecting viability of fresh and frozen-thawed sheep demi-embryos.

PubMed

Shelton, J N

1992-03-01

The addition of 0.1 M sucrose to the medium in which sheep embryos were bisected had no effect (39.5 vs 36.4%) on the survival rate of demi-embryos transferred (one per ewe) to recipients. There was a trend to greater survival of demi-blastocysts (44.7%) compared to demi-morulae (30%), and all the surviving twins were derived from the demi-blastocysts. It is suggested that the survival of demi-morulae is enhanced by the transfer of two demi-morulae to one uterine horn. In three experiments demi-embryos were frozen after the addition of 1.5 M glycerol in three or six steps or after the addition of 1.5 M ethylene glycol in six steps. No treatment resulted in acceptable survival rates of the demi-embryos transferred to recipients after thawing and step-wise removal of the cryoprotectant. Overall, 8 of 142 (5.6%) cryopreserved demi-embryos survived as 50-day fetuses or term lambs compared with 14 of 31 (45.2%) whole embryos.

Width of thermal damage after using the YAG contact laser for cutting biological tissue: animal experimental investigation.

PubMed

Mecke, H; Schünke, M; Schnaidt, S; Freys, I; Semm, K

1991-01-01

At the University Women's Clinic in Kiel, the YAG contact laser has been used as a cutting instrument in pelviscopic operations since 1987. When the laser cuts, it produces only a scant amount of mechanical trauma. The determining factor is the amount of thermal damage produced along the wound margins and in direct neighboring tissue. The extent of the tissue change seen in the uterus and liver parenchyma of rats and the striated muscle of rabbits after application of the YAG contact laser was demonstrated using various staining techniques and stains. Liver parenchyma proved to be the most sensitive to thermal damage. In the uterine horn, enzyme-histochemical ATPase and alkaline phosphatase demonstrations showed a significantly wider zone of thermal damage after laser incision than did hematoxylin-eosin and Goldner staining techniques. A good understanding of the extent of thermal damage is essential for atraumatic pelviscopic operations using the YAG contact laser and also for the preventing of complications.

LAPAROSCOPIC OVARIECTOMY IN THE ASIATIC BLACK BEAR (URSUS THIBETANUS) WITH THE USE OF THE SONICISION™ DEVICE.

PubMed

Lee, Seung Y; Jeong, Dong H; Seok, Seong H; Yang, Jeong J; Kong, Ju Y; Park, Se J; Jin, So Y; Kim, Min H; Lee, Bae K; Lee, Hee C; Yeon, Seong C

2017-03-01

Laparoscopic ovariectomy was performed in two Asiatic black bears ( Ursus thibetanus ). Bears were placed in a 20° Trendelenburg position on a surgical table. A three-portal technique was used. A camera port was established 10 cm caudal to the umbilicus with a 5-mm cannula. Two instrument ports were made 1 cm caudal to the umbilicus with a 5-mm cannula and 8 cm caudal to the camera port with a 12-mm cannula, respectively. The suspensory ligament, ovarian vasculature, and uterine horn tip were progressively dissected following coagulation with the Sonicision™ cordless ultrasonic dissection device. The resected ovary was exteriorized through the 12-mm instrument portal site but enlarged to a 2-cm incision length. The abdominal musculature, subcutaneous tissue, and skin of the portal sites were closed separately. Total surgical time was 113 min (Bear A) and 49 min (Bear B), and no postoperative complications were encountered. This is the first report of laparoscopic ovariectomy in the Asiatic black bear.

Intravaginal gene silencing using biodegradable polymer nanoparticles densely loaded with small-interfering RNA

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Woodrow, Kim A.; Cu, Yen; Booth, Carmen J.; Saucier-Sawyer, Jennifer K.; Wood, Monica J.; Mark Saltzman, W.

2009-06-01

Vaginal instillation of small-interfering RNA (siRNA) using liposomes has led to silencing of endogenous genes in the genital tract and protection against challenge from infectious disease. Although siRNA lipoplexes are easily formulated, several of the most effective transfection agents available commercially may be toxic to the mucosal epithelia and none are able to provide controlled or sustained release. Here, we demonstrate an alternative approach using nanoparticles composed entirely of FDA-approved materials. To render these materials effective for gene silencing, we developed novel approaches to load them with high amounts of siRNA. A single dose of siRNA-loaded nanoparticles to the mouse female reproductive tract caused efficient and sustained gene silencing. Knockdown of gene expression was observed proximal (in the vaginal lumen) and distal (in the uterine horns) to the site of topical delivery. In addition, nanoparticles penetrated deep into the epithelial tissue. This is the first report demonstrating that biodegradable polymer nanoparticles are effective delivery vehicles for siRNA to the vaginal mucosa.

Effects of enoxaparin and unfractionated heparin in prophylactic and therapeutic doses on the fertility of female Wistar rats.

PubMed

Figueiró-Filho, Ernesto Antonio; Aydos, Ricardo Dutra; Senefonte, Flávio Renato de Almeida; Ferreira, Cristiane Munaretto; Pereira, Erica Freire de Vasconcelos; Oliveira, Vanessa Marcon de; Menezes, Giovanna Pádoa de; Bósio, Marco Antonio Costa

2014-07-01

To evaluate the effects of exposure of enoxaparin and unfractionated heparin (UFH) in prophylactic and therapeutic doses on the fertility rates of pregnant healthy Wistar rats. Enoxaparin and UFH were administered in prophylactic doses 1 mg/Kg/day 72 UI/Kg/day, and in therapeutic doses at 2 mg/kg/day 400UI/Kg/day. The rats were divided into five groups. The number of live and dead foetuses was quantified. The uterine horns were dissected and the presence of early and late reabsorptions (abortions) was determined. A p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. We did not observe statistically significant differences between groups when comparing the average weight of the foetuses and placentas, rate of female VS males, rates of pre-implantation loss (RPL), rates of efficiency implantation (REI), rates of post-implantation loss (RPIL) and rates of foetal viability (RFV). There was no significant effect on fertility with the use of anticoagulant drugs in pregnant healthy Wistar rats.

Intestinal atresia and ectopia in a bovine fetus.

PubMed

Lejeune, B; Miclard, J; Stoffel, M H; Meylan, M

2011-07-01

A 2-year-old Red Holstein cow was presented with uterine torsion at 235 days of pregnancy. The fetus extracted by cesarean section had weak vital signs and marked abdominal distention. An edematous pouch that contained tubular structures with peristaltic activity was associated with the umbilical cord. Because of poor prognosis, both dam and fetus were euthanized. At necropsy, the fetus had severe distention of the forestomachs, abomasum, and proximal small intestine; absence of distal small intestine, cecum, and proximal colon; atresia of the 2 blind ends of the intestine; and atrophy of distal colon and rectum. The tubular structures associated with the umbilical cord were identified as the segments of intestine that were absent in the fetus. Intestinal atresia combined with ectopia may be caused by local ischemia during temporary herniation and rotation of the fetal gut into the extraembryonic coelom. The close connection between ectopic intestine and amniotic sheath of the umbilical cord in this case may have facilitated vascularization and allowed development and viability of the ectopic intestine. © The Authors 2011

Artificial insemination of Holstein heifers with sex-sorted semen during the hot season in a subtropical region.

PubMed

Chang, Lian-Ben; Chou, Chih-Jen; Shiu, Jia-Shian; Tu, Po-An; Gao, Shi-Xuan; Peng, Shao-Yu; Wu, Shinn-Chih

2017-08-01

Our aim was to investigate insemination techniques in order to improve pregnancy rates of artificial insemination (AI) using sex-sorted semen (sexed AI) in cattle in tropical and subtropical (T/ST) regions. In T/ST regions, the pregnancy rates by sexed AI are reportedly the lowest in the hottest months of the year, with less than 15% in cows and 35-40% in heifers (PMID 24048822). We compared sexed AI by depositing the semen into the uterine body (UB-AI, n = 12) versus the unilateral uterine horn (UUH-AI, n = 14) of pre-ovulation heifers. The ovary and follicle were assessed by rectal ultrasound before AI. After insemination, pregnancy was determined by ultrasound at approximately 40 days and approximately 70 days. In the present study, we demonstrated that high pregnancy rates (>70%) by sexed AI in the hottest season in a subtropical region such as Taiwan can be achieved when heifers with pre-ovulation follicles are used. The overall pregnancy rates were 54% higher in the UUH-AI (71%) group than in the UB-AI (42%) group (P = 0.06), examined on approximately 40 days post-sexed AI. Surprisingly, however, the pregnancy outcome appeared to be higher in the hot season (62%) than in the cool season (46%) although this difference was not statistically significant. Based on the present study, we recommend that cattle breeders perform UUH-AI using sex-sorted semen for heifers with pre-ovulation follicles in order to achieve satisfactory pregnancy outcome in the hot seasons in T/ST regions.

Obstetric implications of minor müllerian anomalies in oligomenorrheic women.

PubMed

Sørensen, S S; Trauelsen, A G

1987-05-01

The obstetric performance of 50 consecutive women with minor müllerian anomalies was compared with that of 141 subjects having a normal uterine cavity on hysterosalpingography. All 191 patients had a history of some years' infertility. Spontaneous abortion was the outcome of the first pregnancy in 27.8% of women with müllerian anomalies (not statistically different from the outcome of the control group). However, the evidence of a greater risk of variously complicated first pregnancies and labors (30.3% versus 12.9%, p less than 0.05) and of emergency cesarean sections (21.2% versus 7.1%, p less than 0.05) in the group of minor müllerian anomalies than in the group with normal uteri confirmed the innate pathologic condition and clinical significance of these mild to moderate malformations present in about 40% to 50% of oligomenorrheic women. The most frequent complications were threatened abortion and abnormal fetal lie. Even the very mildest müllerian anomalies seemed to have gynecologic and obstetric implications, but the clinical impact in this group still remains uncertain. It is concluded that a genital tract anomaly of a certain obstetric significance (ratio between distance from nadir of fundal indentation to line connecting summits of uterine horns and length of this line or H/L ratio greater than 0.15) must be suspected in about one third of women with oligomenorrhea. Consequently a high risk in the event of a future pregnancy is evident, and about half the pregnancies (42.1%) in this group will be complicated in one or more ways.

Pre- and post-partum mild underfeeding influences gene expression in the reproductive tract of cyclic dairy cows.

PubMed

Valour, D; Hue, I; Degrelle, S A; Déjean, S; Marot, G; Dubois, O; Germain, G; Humblot, P; Ponter, A A; Charpigny, G; Grimard, B

2013-06-01

Undernutrition before and after calving has a detrimental effect on the fertility of dairy cows. The effect of nutritional stress was previously reported to influence gene expression in key tissues for metabolic health and reproduction such as the liver and the genital tract early after calving, but not at breeding, that is, between 70 and 90 days post-partum. This study investigated the effects of pre- and post-partum mild underfeeding on global gene expression in the oviduct, endometrium and corpus luteum of eight multiparous Holstein cows during the early and middle phases of an induced cycle 80 days post-partum. Four control cows received 100% of energy and protein requirements during the dry period and after calving, while four underfed received 80% of control diet. Oestrous synchronization treatment was used to induce ovulation on D80 post-partum. Oviducts, ovaries and the anterior part of each uterine horn were recovered surgically 4, 8, 12 and 15 days after ovulation. Corpora lutea were dissected from the ovaries, and the endometrium was separated from the stroma and myometrium in each uterine horn. The oviduct segments were comprised of ampulla and isthmus. RNAs from ipsi- and contralateral samples were pooled on an equal weight basis. In each tissue, gene expression was assessed on a custom bovine 10K array. No differentially expressed gene (DEG) in the corpus luteum was identified between underfed and control, conversely to 293 DEGs in the oviduct vs 1 in the endometrium under a false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.10 and 1370 DEGs vs 3, respectively, under FDR < 0.15. Additionally, we used dedicated statistics (regularized canonical correlation analysis) to correlate the post-partum patterns of six plasma metabolites and hormones related to energy metabolism measured weekly between calving and D80 with gene expression. High correlations were observed between post-partum patterns of IGF-1, insulin, β-hydroxybutyrate and the expression in the oviduct of genes related to reproductive system disease, connective tissue disorders and metabolic disease. Moreover, we found special interest in the literature to retinoic acid-related genes (e.g. FABP5/CRABP2) that might indicate abnormalities in post-partum tissue repair mechanisms. In conclusion, this experiment highlights relationships between underfeeding and gene expression in the oviduct and endometrium after ovulation in cyclic Holstein cows. This might help to explain the effect of mild undernutrition on fertilization failure and early embryonic mortality in post-partum dairy cows. © 2012 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.

Zinc and magnesium in the uterus of the pregnant and pseudopregnant mouse and the effects of Mg2+ ions on uterine alkaline phosphatase.

PubMed

Buxton, L E; Murdoch, R N

1981-01-01

The levels of zinc and magnesium in the mouse uterus during early pregnancy and pseudopregnancy were determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy techniques. The total zinc and magnesium content of the uterus increased between days 5 and 12 of pregnancy and between days 5 and 9 of content of the pseudopregnancy when decidual cells were present. However, the metals were not accumulated at a rate sufficient to match increases in uterine weight and constant concentrations (micrograms of metals per gram wet weight ot tissue) were not maintained over the various reproductive stages studied. The accumulation of the metals was associated with the presence of decidual cells, and non-decidualized horns of pseudopregnant mice failed to increase their total content of zinc and magnesium between days 5 and 9. The magnesium content of each uterus was usually between 5- and 13-fold greater than the total zinc content. mg2+ in low concentration (0-2mM) stimulated both the pyrophosphatase and orthophosphatase activities of purified preparations of the mouse uterine metalloenzyme, alkaline phosphatase. Higher concentrations (up to 8 mM) of the cation decreased pyrophosphatase activity but did not alter orthophosphatase activity. Mg/+ was more effective, however, in increasing the orthophosphatase activity of the enzyme and its stimulating effects in this case were greater in carbonate-bicarbonate buffer than in glycine-NaOH buffer. Mg2+ did not significantly influence apparent Km values or the response of the enzyme to changes in temperature. Zn2+, however, was required to maintain the stability of alkaline phosphatase apoenzyme preparations. It was concluded that during normal pregnancy and pseudopregnancy zinc and magnesium would always be present in amounts considerably greater than those required to saturate alkaline phosphatase for full catalytic activity. Thus, while the metals exert major effects on the activity and stability of the enzyme in vitro, they may not be major factors involved in the in utero regulation of the enzyme during early pregnancy.

Labor Contractions Enhance Oxygenation and Behavioral Activity of Newborn Rat Pups

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mills, N. A.; Baer, L. A.; Ronca, A. E.; Balton, Bonnie (Technical Monitor)

2002-01-01

Labor contractions help instigate behavioral responses at birth (viz., breathing and suckling) that are vital for the newborn's adaptation to the extrauterine world (Ronca et al., 1996). In the present study, we analyzed the role of labor contractions in postpartum oxygenation and behavioral activity of newborn rat pups. Newborns were observed following either vaginal (V) or cesarean delivery. For cesarean delivery, day 21 pregnant dams' were administered a spinal transaction to eliminate lower body sensation, a laparotomy was performed and the uterus was maintained in a heated (37.5 C) bath. Four rat fetuses in one of the dams' paired uterine horn were compressed (C) to Simulate labor contractions (20 sec/min for 10 min) while four fetuses in the opposite horn were not compressed (NC). Fetuses were surgically removed from the uterus, stroked with a soft brush to mimic postnatal licking by the dam, the umbilical cord occluded. Pups were exposed to room temperature (22 C) for one hr, then nest temperature (33 C) for one hr. PO2, CO2, and O2, saturation were determined at 0, 30, 60, or 120 min post delivery using a blood gas analyzer. V and C delivered neonates showed comparable rates of PO2, CO2 and O2 saturation whereas NC neonates showed depressed levels at all time points (p<0.05). Respiratory rates of V, C and NC neonates increased significantly (p<0.05) over the first two postpartum hrs and did not differ across groups. Postpartum behavioral activity was significantly greater in V and C conditions and positively correlated with postnatal oxygenation. These findings provide further evidence for importance of labor contractions in early postpartum adaptation.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of horns derived from three domestic bovines.

PubMed

Zhang, Quan-bin; Li, Chun; Pan, Yan-ting; Shan, Guang-hua; Cao, Ping; He, Jia; Lin, Zhong-shi; Ao, Ning-jian; Huang, Yao-xiong

2013-12-01

The microstructure and mechanical properties of horns derived from three domestic bovines (buffalo, cattle and sheep) were examined. The effects of water content, sampling position and orientation of three bovid horns on mechanical properties were systematically investigated by uniaxial tension and micron indentation tests. Meanwhile, the material composition and metal element contents were determined by Raman spectroscopy and elemental analysis respectively, and the microstructures of the horns were measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results show that the mechanical properties of horns have negative correlation with water contents and depend on sampling position and orientation. The spatial variations of the mechanical properties in horns are attributed to the different keratinization degrees in the proximal, middle and distal parts. And the mechanical properties of horns in the longitudinal direction are better than those in transverse. Among the three kinds of horns, the mechanical properties of buffalo horn are the best, followed by cattle horn, and those in sheep horn are the worst. This is due to the differences in material composition, metal element, and the microstructures of the horns. But the mechanical properties of buffalo horns are not dependent on the source of the buffalo. Therefore, regular engineered buffalo keratinous materials with standard mechanical properties can be obtained from different buffalo horns by using proper preparation methods. © 2013.

High Temperature Fatigue Properties Research of GH4169 under Multiaxial Cyclic Loading

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ma, Shaojun; Tong, Dihua; Li, Liyun; Cheng, Yangyang; Hu, Benrun; Chen, Bo

2018-03-01

The high temperature (550°C and 650°C) fatigue properties of GH4169 for thin-wall tube specimen are investigated under uniaxial tension, uniaxial torsion, proportional tension-torsion and nonproportional tension-torsion. All tests are strain-controlled. The results indicate that the shape of the hysteresis loops of uniaxial tension, uniaxial torsion and proportional tension-torsion are similar, but hysteresis loop of non-proportional tension-torsion has distortion; the cyclic softening behavior is shown for GH4169 under uniaxial tension, uniaxial torsion and proportional tension-torsion, but the cyclic hardening behavior is shown for the first several cycles of nonproportional tension-torsion.

Novel Horn Designs for Power Ultrasonics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sherrit, Stewart; Badescu, M.; Bao, X.; Bar-Cohen, Y.; Chang, Z.

2004-01-01

Ultrasonic horns are used in a variety of industrial and medical applications. At JPL a rock-sampling tool based on an ultrasonic horn was developed to drill, abrade and core rock samples including hard basalts. This device is an impact device, which uses ultrasonic vibratlons that occur at the horn tip to produce a sonic resonance with the aid of a loosely connected mass. Although standard horns are found in many current industrial designs they suffer from a few key limitations when used for USDC applications. Manufacturing a horn requires turning down stock material (e.g. Titanium) from the larger outer diameter to the horn tip diameter, and this process is both time consuming and wasteful. In this paper, we present novel horn designs that are specifically designed for impact applications as the USDC. One such design addressed the excasive length that is involved with the use of the horn limiting its applications when system dimensions are constrained. For this purpose, a folded horn design was conceived that reduces the overall length of the resonator (physical length) but maintains or increases the acoustic length. Initial experiments with horns having such P design indicate that the tip displacement can be further adjusted by phasing the bending displacements and the extensional displacements. Another conceived horn design is the 'dog bone' horn that uses an end mass on the horn tip io increase the impact efficiency of the horn. In this paper, the experimental results for these novel born designs are presented and compared to the results predicted by theory.

Radiation Therapy, Paclitaxel, and Carboplatin in Treating Patients With Uterine Cancer

ClinicalTrials.gov

2015-01-16

Stage IA Uterine Sarcoma; Stage IB Uterine Sarcoma; Stage IC Uterine Sarcoma; Stage IIA Uterine Sarcoma; Stage IIB Uterine Sarcoma; Stage IIIA Uterine Sarcoma; Stage IIIB Uterine Sarcoma; Stage IIIC Uterine Sarcoma; Stage IVA Uterine Sarcoma; Stage IVB Uterine Sarcoma; Uterine Carcinosarcoma

Functional anatomy of the female genital organs of the wild black agouti (Dasyprocta fuliginosa) female in the Peruvian Amazon.

PubMed

Mayor, P; Bodmer, R E; Lopez-Bejar, M

2011-02-01

This study examined anatomical and histological characteristics of genital organs of 38 black agouti females in the wild in different reproductive stages, collected by rural hunters in the North-eastern Peruvian Amazon. Females in the follicular phase of the estrous cycle had greater antral follicle sizes than other females, the largest antral follicle measuring 2.34mm. Antral follicles in pregnant females and females in luteal phase of the estrous cycle had an average maximum diameter smaller than 1mm. In black agouti females in follicular phase, some antral follicles are selected to continue to growth, reaching a pre-ovulatory diameter of 2mm. Mean ovulation rate was 2.5 follicles and litter size was 2.1 embryos or fetuses per pregnant female, resulting in a rate of ovum mortality of 20.8%. Many follicles from which ovulation did not occur of 1-mm maximum diameter luteinize forming accessory CL. The constituent active luteal tissues of the ovary are functional and accessory CL. Although all females had accessory CL, transformation of follicles into accessory CL occurred especially in pregnant females, resulting in a contribution from 9% to 23% of the total luteal volume as pregnancy advances. The persistence of functional CL throughout pregnancy might reflect the importance for the maintenance of gestation and may be essential for the continuous hormonal production. The duplex uterus of the agouti female is composed by two completely independent uterine horns with correspondent separate cervices opening into the vagina. In pregnant females, most remarkable observed uterine adaptations were induced by the progressive enlargement caused by the normal pregnancy evolution. The wild black agouti showed different vaginal epithelium features in accordance with the reproductive state of the female. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Platelet concentrate in bovine reproduction: effects on in vitro embryo production and after intrauterine administration in repeat breeder cows.

PubMed

Lange-Consiglio, Anna; Cazzaniga, Nadia; Garlappi, Rosangela; Spelta, Chiara; Pollera, Claudia; Perrini, Claudia; Cremonesi, Fausto

2015-06-19

A repeat breeder cow (RBC) can be defined as an animal that after 3 or more inseminations cannot get pregnant because of fertilization failure or early embryonic death. If no cause is identified precisely, inadequate uterine receptivity is responsible for implantation failures. Since a large number of identified molecular mediators, such as cytokines, growth factors and lipids have been postulated to be involved in early feto-maternal interaction, in this study a different approach to the treatment of RBC syndrome has been employed using a platelet concentrate (PC) that contains a significant amount of growth factors accumulated in its α-granules. Three explorative studies were performed. Initially, PC was supplemented in the in vitro embryo culture medium to study its effect on embryo-development. After the pilot study, 4 RBCs were treated with intrauterine administration of PC to evaluate proliferative potential of endometrium by immunohistochemical expression of the antigen Ki-67. Lastly, the effect of intrauterine administration of PC at 48 hrs after artificial insemination in RBCs was evaluated. The in vitro results show that 5 % of PC and 5 % of fetal calf serum (FCS) increase the rate of blastocysts compared with the control containing 10 % FCS only (43.04 % vs 35.00 % respectively). The immunohistochemical study shows more proliferating nuclei in the treated uterine horn compared to the control one. After intrauterine insemination in RBCs, the percentage of pregnant cows in the control group was 33.33 % compared to 70 % of the treated animals. We suppose that when embryo descends in uterus could find a more appropriate environment for nesting and subsequent pregnancy.

Relationships Between the Appearances and Changes of Estrous Signs and the Estradiol-17β Peak, Luteinizing Hormone Surge and Ovulation During the Periovulatory Period in Lactating Dairy Cows Kept in Tie-stalls

PubMed Central

SUMIYOSHI, Toshiaki; TANAKA, Tomomi; KAMOMAE, Hideo

2014-01-01

Lactating Holstein-Friesian cows kept in tie-stall barn were used as subjects in this study. Rectal examination, ultrasonography and blood sampling were conducted every other day and then daily after the day on which diameter of the corpus luteum decreased. After the luteal diameter decreased for 2 consecutive days, rectal and ultrasound examinations, blood sampling, and observation of estrous signs were conducted at 6-h intervals. Most of the estrous signs became obvious with the increase in estradiol-17β (E2) and became most remarkable 24 to 30 hours before ovulation, at which point the E2 peak and luteinizing hormone (LH) surge were achieved, and then weakened which progression to ovulation. The correlation between the intensity of four estrous signs (hyperemia and swelling of the intravaginal part of the uterus, opening of the external uterine orifice and viscosity of the cervical mucus) and the plasma E2 concentration was higher than that of three estrous signs (swelling of the vulva, contraction of the uterus, diameter of uterine horn) and the plasma E2 concentration. The relaxation of the intravaginal part of the uterus showed a unique change compared with the other estrous signs, and it became most obvious 6, 12 and 18 h before ovulation; this obviously relaxed period was consistent with the generally accepted theoretical optimal time for artificial insemination (AI), i.e., 6 to 24 h after initiation of estrus. These results suggest that observation of estrous signs by vaginoscopic examination gave useful information for detection of the optimal timing of AI in the periovulatory period in lactating dairy cows kept in a tie-stall barn. PMID:24492642

Human amniotic mesenchymal stromal cell transplantation improves endometrial regeneration in rodent models of intrauterine adhesions.

PubMed

Gan, Lu; Duan, Hua; Xu, Qian; Tang, Yi-Qun; Li, Jin-Jiao; Sun, Fu-Qing; Wang, Sha

2017-05-01

Intrauterine adhesion (IUA) is a common uterine cavity disease characterized by the unsatisfactory regeneration of damaged endometria. Recently, stem cell transplantation has been proposed to promote the recovery process. Here we investigated whether human amniotic mesenchymal stromal cells (hAMSCs), a valuable resource for transplantation therapy, could improve endometrial regeneration in rodent IUA models. Forty female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to five groups: normal, sham-operated, mechanical injury, hAMSC transplantation, and negative control group. One week after intervention and transplantation, histological analyses were performed, and immunofluorescent and immunohistochemical expression of cell-specific markers and messenger RNA expression of cytokines were measured. Thicker endometria, increased gland numbers and fewer fibrotic areas were found in the hAMSC transplantation group compared with the mechanical injury group. Engraftment of hAMSCs was detected by the presence of anti-human nuclear antigen-positive cells in the endometrial glands of the transplantation uteri. Transplantation of hAMSCs significantly decreased messenger RNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β), and increased those of anti-inflammatory cytokines (basic fibroblast growth factor, and interleukin-6) compared with the injured uterine horns. Immunohistochemical expression of endometrial epithelial cells was revealed in specimens after hAMSC transplantation, whereas it was absent in the mechanically injured uteri. hAMSC transplantation promotes endometrial regeneration after injury in IUA rat models, possibly due to immunomodulatory properties. These cells provide a more easily accessible source of stem cells for future research into the impact of cell transplantation on damaged endometria. Copyright © 2017 International Society for Cellular Therapy. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Ultrasound-guided microinjection into the mouse forebrain in utero at E9.5.

PubMed

Pierfelice, Tarran J; Gaiano, Nicholas

2010-11-13

In utero survival surgery in mice permits the molecular manipulation of gene expression during development. However, because the uterine wall is opaque during early embryogenesis, the ability to target specific parts of the embryo for microinjection is greatly limited. Fortunately, high-frequency ultrasound imaging permits the generation of images that can be used in real time to guide a microinjection needle into the embryonic region of interest. Here we describe the use of such imaging to guide the injection of retroviral vectors into the ventricular system of the mouse forebrain at embryonic day (E) 9.5. This method uses a laparotomy to permit access to the uterine horns, and a specially designed plate that permits host embryos to be bathed in saline while they are imaged and injected. Successful surgeries often result in most or all of the injected embryos surviving to any subsequent time point of interest (embryonically or postnatally). The principles described here can be used with slight modifications to perform injections into the amnionic fluid of E8.5 embryos (thereby permitting infection along the anterior posterior extent of the neural tube, which has not yet closed), or into the ventricular system of the brain at E10.5/11.5. Furthermore, at mid-neurogenic ages (~E13.5), ultrasound imaging can be used direct injection into specific brain regions for viral infection or cell transplantation. The use of ultrasound imaging to guide in utero injections in mice is a very powerful technique that permits the molecular and cellular manipulation of mouse embryos in ways that would otherwise be exceptionally difficult if not impossible.

Effect of semen extenders on frozen-thawed boar sperm characteristics and distribution in the female genital tract after deep intrauterine insemination in sows.

PubMed

Noguchi, Michiko; Yoshioka, Koji; Hikono, Hirokazu; Suzuki, Chie; Kikuchi, Kazuhiro

2015-12-01

We compared the effects of extenders of frozen-thawed semen on post-thaw sperm characteristics and the distribution of frozen-thawed spermatozoa in the female genital tract after fixed-timed deep intrauterine insemination (DIUI) in sows. Frozen semen samples were thawed and diluted in either modified Modena solution (mMS) or porcine fertilization medium (PFM) containing theophylline, adenosine and cysteine. Sperm quality, assessed in vitro based on motility using a computer-assisted sperm analyzer and the integrity of the plasma and acrosomal membranes using flow cytometry, was evaluated at 0.5, 1.5, 3 and 6h after thawing. Progressive motility and the percentage of spermatozoa with damaged acrosomal membranes in PFM were significantly better than in mMS throughout the 6h. Sows with estrus synchronized using prostaglandin F2 alpha, equine chorionic gonadotropin and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) were inseminated once with mMS- or PFM-diluted 5 × 10(8) frozen-thawed spermatozoa by DIUI at 34 h after the hCG injection. At 4h after DIUI, reproductive tracts were recovered from 30 sows. There were significantly fewer polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and more spermatozoa outside PMNs in the uterine horn after PFM treatment than with mMS. When 22 sows were administered DIUI with 10 × 10(8) frozen-thawed spermatozoa at 36 h after hCG, the pregnancy rates did not differ significantly between the mMS- (36%) and PFM- (64%) treated groups. Thus, PFM enhanced progressive sperm motility but increased sperm membrane damage compared with mMS; it also suppressed the migration of PMNs into the uterine lumen. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Human parasitic protozoan infection to infertility: a systematic review.

PubMed

Shiadeh, Malihe Nourollahpour; Niyyati, Maryam; Fallahi, Shirzad; Rostami, Ali

2016-02-01

Protozoan parasitic diseases are endemic in many countries worldwide, especially in developing countries, where infertility is a major burden. It has been reported that such infections may cause infertility through impairment in male and female reproductive systems. We searched Medline, PubMed, and Scopus databases and Google scholar to identify the potentially relevant studies on protozoan parasitic infections and their implications in human and animal model infertility. Literature described that some of the protozoan parasites such as Trichomonas vaginalis may cause deformities of the genital tract, cervical neoplasia, and tubal and atypical pelvic inflammations in women and also non-gonoccocal urethritis, asthenozoospermia, and teratozoospermia in men. Toxopalasma gondii could cause endometritis, impaired folliculogenesis, ovarian and uterine atrophy, adrenal hypertrophy, vasculitis, and cessation of estrus cycling in female and also decrease in semen quality, concentration, and motility in male. Trypanosoma cruzi inhibits cell division in embryos and impairs normal implantation and development of placenta. Decrease in gestation rate, infection of hormone-producing glands, parasite invasion of the placenta, and overproduction of inflammatory cytokines in the oviducts and uterine horns are other possible mechanisms induced by Trypanosoma cruzi to infertility. Plasmodium spp. and Trypanosoma brucei spp. cause damage in pituitary gland, hormonal disorders, and decreased semen quality. Entamoeba histolytica infection leads to pelvic pain, salpingitis, tubo-ovarian abscess, and genital ulcers. Cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis can induce genital lesion, testicular amyloidosis, inflammation of epididymis, prostatitis, and sperm abnormality in human and animals. In addition, some epidemiological studies have reported that rates of protozoan infections in infertile patients are higher than healthy controls. The current review indicates that protozoan parasitic infections may be an important cause of infertility. Given the widespread prevalence of parasitic protozoa diseases worldwide, we suggest further studies to better understanding of relationship between such infections and infertility.

Mechanical limits to maximum weapon size in a giant rhinoceros beetle.

PubMed

McCullough, Erin L

2014-07-07

The horns of giant rhinoceros beetles are a classic example of the elaborate morphologies that can result from sexual selection. Theory predicts that sexual traits will evolve to be increasingly exaggerated until survival costs balance the reproductive benefits of further trait elaboration. In Trypoxylus dichotomus, long horns confer a competitive advantage to males, yet previous studies have found that they do not incur survival costs. It is therefore unlikely that horn size is limited by the theoretical cost-benefit equilibrium. However, males sometimes fight vigorously enough to break their horns, so mechanical limits may set an upper bound on horn size. Here, I tested this mechanical limit hypothesis by measuring safety factors across the full range of horn sizes. Safety factors were calculated as the ratio between the force required to break a horn and the maximum force exerted on a horn during a typical fight. I found that safety factors decrease with increasing horn length, indicating that the risk of breakage is indeed highest for the longest horns. Structural failure of oversized horns may therefore oppose the continued exaggeration of horn length driven by male-male competition and set a mechanical limit on the maximum size of rhinoceros beetle horns. © 2014 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved.

External torsion in a proximal tibia and internal torsion in a distal tibia occur independently in varus osteoarthritic knees compared to healthy knees.

PubMed

Mochizuki, Tomoharu; Tanifuji, Osamu; Koga, Yoshio; Hata, Ryosuke; Mori, Takahiro; Nishino, Katsutoshi; Sato, Takashi; Kobayashi, Koichi; Omori, Go; Sakamoto, Makoto; Tanabe, Yuji; Endo, Naoto

2017-05-01

The relative torsional angle of the distal tibia is dependent on a deformity of the proximal tibia, and it is a commonly used torsional parameter to describe deformities of the tibia; however, this parameter cannot show the location and direction of the torsional deformity in the entire tibia. This study aimed to identify the detailed deformity in the entire tibia via a coordinate system based on the diaphysis of the tibia by comparing varus osteoarthritic knees to healthy knees. In total, 61 limbs in 58 healthy subjects (age: 54 ± 18 years) and 55 limbs in 50 varus osteoarthritis (OA) subjects (age: 72 ± 7 years) were evaluated. The original coordinate system based on anatomic points only from the tibial diaphysis was established. The evaluation parameters were 1) the relative torsion in the distal tibia to the proximal tibia, 2) the proximal tibial torsion relative to the tibial diaphysis, and 3) the distal tibial torsion relative to the tibial diaphysis. The relative torsion in the distal tibia to the proximal tibia showed external torsion in both groups, while the external torsion was lower in the OA group than in the healthy group (p < 0.0001). The proximal tibial torsion relative to the tibial diaphysis had a higher external torsion in the OA group (p = 0.012), and the distal tibial torsion relative to the tibial diaphysis had a higher internal torsion in the OA group (p = 0.004) in comparison to the healthy group. The reverse torsional deformity, showing a higher external torsion in the proximal tibia and a higher internal torsion in the distal tibia, occurred independently in the OA group in comparison to the healthy group. Clinically, this finding may prove to be a pathogenic factor in varus osteoarthritic knees. Level Ⅲ. Copyright © 2017 The Japanese Orthopaedic Association. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Gemcitabine Hydrochloride, Docetaxel, and Radiation Therapy in Treating Patients With Uterine Sarcoma That Has Been Removed By Surgery

ClinicalTrials.gov

2015-01-16

Stage IA Uterine Sarcoma; Stage IB Uterine Sarcoma; Stage IC Uterine Sarcoma; Stage IIA Uterine Sarcoma; Stage IIB Uterine Sarcoma; Stage IIIA Uterine Sarcoma; Stage IIIB Uterine Sarcoma; Stage IIIC Uterine Sarcoma; Stage IVA Uterine Sarcoma; Stage IVB Uterine Sarcoma; Uterine Corpus Leiomyosarcoma

Constraining torsion with Gravity Probe B

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mao Yi; Guth, Alan H.; Cabi, Serkan

2007-11-15

It is well-entrenched folklore that all torsion gravity theories predict observationally negligible torsion in the solar system, since torsion (if it exists) couples only to the intrinsic spin of elementary particles, not to rotational angular momentum. We argue that this assumption has a logical loophole which can and should be tested experimentally, and consider nonstandard torsion theories in which torsion can be generated by macroscopic rotating objects. In the spirit of action=reaction, if a rotating mass like a planet can generate torsion, then a gyroscope would be expected to feel torsion. An experiment with a gyroscope (without nuclear spin) suchmore » as Gravity Probe B (GPB) can test theories where this is the case. Using symmetry arguments, we show that to lowest order, any torsion field around a uniformly rotating spherical mass is determined by seven dimensionless parameters. These parameters effectively generalize the parametrized post-Newtonian formalism and provide a concrete framework for further testing Einstein's general theory of relativity (GR). We construct a parametrized Lagrangian that includes both standard torsion-free GR and Hayashi-Shirafuji maximal torsion gravity as special cases. We demonstrate that classic solar system tests rule out the latter and constrain two observable parameters. We show that Gravity Probe B is an ideal experiment for further constraining nonstandard torsion theories, and work out the most general torsion-induced precession of its gyroscope in terms of our torsion parameters.« less

Torsional vibration measurements on rotating shaft system using laser doppler vibrometer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xiang, Ling; Yang, Shixi; Gan, Chunbiao

2012-11-01

In this work, a laser torsional vibrameter was used to measure the torsion vibration of a rotating shaft system under electrical network impact. Based on the principles of laser Doppler velocimetry, the laser torsional vibrometer (LTV) are non-contact measurement of torsional oscillation of rotating shafts, offering significant advantages over conventional techniques. Furthermore, a highly complex shafting system is analyzed by a modified Riccati torsional transfer matrix. The system is modeled as a chain consisting of an elastic spring with concentrated mass points, and the multi-segments lumped mass model is established for this shafting system. By the modified Riccati torsional transfer matrix method, an accumulated calculation is effectively eliminated to obtain the natural frequencies. The electrical network impacts can activize the torsional vibration of shaft system, and the activized torsion vibration frequencies contained the natural frequencies of shaft system. The torsional vibrations of the shaft system were measured under electrical network impacts in laser Doppler torsional vibrometer. By comparisons, the natural frequencies by measurement were consistent with the values by calculation. The results verify the instrument is robust, user friendly and can be calibrated in situ. The laser torsional vibrometer represents a significant step forward in rotating machinery diagnostics.

Railroad crossing wayside horn evaluation : final report, May 11, 2007.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2007-05-11

One potential solution for reducing horn noise from a locomotive is a stationary horn mounted at the crossing. This wayside horn is sounded in place of the locomotive horn when a train approaches and is positioned to direct the sound precisely ...

Intravaginal gene silencing using biodegradable polymer nanoparticles densely loaded with small-interfering RNA

PubMed Central

Woodrow, Kim A.; Cu, Yen; Booth, Carmen J.; Saucier-Sawyer, Jennifer K.; Wood, Monica J.; Saltzman, W. Mark

2009-01-01

Vaginal instillation of small-interfering RNA (siRNA) using liposomes has led to silencing of endogenous genes in the genital tract and protected against challenge from infectious disease. Although siRNA lipoplexes are easily formulated, several of the most effective transfection agents available commercially may be toxic to the mucosal epithelia and none are able to provide controlled or sustained release. Here, we demonstrate an alternate approach, using nanoparticles composed entirely of FDA-approved materials. To render these materials effective for gene silencing we developed novel approaches to load them with high amounts of siRNA. A single dose of siRNA-loaded nanoparticles to the mouse female reproductive tract caused efficient and sustained gene silencing. Knockdown of gene expression was observed proximal (in the vaginal lumen) and distal (in the uterine horns) to the site of topical delivery. In addition, nanoparticles penetrated deep into the epithelial tissue. This is the first report demonstrating that biodegradable polymer nanoparticles are effective delivery vehicles for siRNA in the vaginal mucosa. PMID:19404239

Effects of Chinese Materia Medica-Fubao Danggui Jiao on experimental endometriosis.

PubMed

Sun, Xing; Chen, Lijue; Zeng, Fanbo

2011-01-01

The objective of this paper was to investigate the effects of a Chinese Materia Medica variant -Fubao Danggui Jiao (FDJ)-on experimental endometriosis. An endometriosis model was created by virtue of auto-transplantation of endometrial tissue onto rats' abdominal walls. The implants were allowed to grow for 30 days until the successful completion of the model. After that, forty endometriotic rats were randomly divided into four study groups and given different treatments: (1) negative control group (water, 2ml/kg, per os); (2) FDJ-A group (FDJ, 2ml/kg, per os); (3) FDJ-B group (FDJ, 4ml/kg, per os); (4) Danazol group (70mg/kg, per os). After 30 days with treatments, the volumes of endometriotic implants in each rat were measured. The implants and normal uterine horns were removed for routine histological examination. FDJ caused significant decreases in volumes of the surviving endometriotic implants, with two different doses having statistically equivalent effects. Upon histological examination, FDJ was observed to cause regression of epithelium and stroma of endometriotic implants. FDJ had revealed promising therapeutic effects on endometriosis.

Effects of perinatal asphyxia on cell survival, neuronal phenotype and neurite growth evaluated with organotypic triple cultures.

PubMed

Klawitter, V; Morales, P; Johansson, S; Bustamante, D; Goiny, M; Gross, J; Luthman, J; Herrera-Marschitz, M

2005-03-01

The effect of perinatal asphyxia on brain development was studied with organotypic cultures from substantia nigra, neostriatum and neocortex. Asphyxia was induced by immersing foetuses-containing uterine horns removed from ready-to-deliver rats into a water bath for 20 min. Following asphyxia, the pups were nursed by a surrogate dam and sacrificed after three days for preparing organotypic cultures. Non-asphyxiated caesarean-delivered pups were used as controls. Morphological features and cell viability were recorded during in vitro development. At day in vitro (DIV) 24, the cultures were treated for immunocytochemistry using antibodies against the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit 1 (NR1) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). While in vitro survival was similar in cultures from both asphyxiated and control animals, differences were observed when the neuronal phenotype was assessed. Compared to controls, the total number of NR1-positive neurons in substantia nigra, as well as the number of secondary to higher level branching of TH-positive neurites from asphyxiated pups were decreased, illustrating the vulnerability of the dopaminergic systems to perinatal asphyxia.

25 years of research on global asphyxia in the immature rat brain.

PubMed

Barkhuizen, M; van den Hove, D L A; Vles, J S H; Steinbusch, H W M; Kramer, B W; Gavilanes, A W D

2017-04-01

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy remains a common cause of brain damage in neonates. Preterm infants have additional complications, as prematurity by itself increases the risk of encephalopathy. Currently, therapy for this subset of asphyxiated infants is limited to supportive care. There is an urgent need for therapies in preterm infants - and for representative animal models for preclinical drug development. In 1991, a novel rodent model of global asphyxia in the preterm infant was developed in Sweden. This method was based on the induction of asphyxia during the birth processes itself by submerging pups, still in the uterine horns, in a water bath followed by C-section. This insult occurs at a time-point when the rodent brain maturity resembles the brain of a 22-32 week old human fetus. This model has developed over the past 25 years as an established model of perinatal global asphyxia in the early preterm brain. Here we summarize the knowledge gained on the short- and long-term neuropathological and behavioral effects of asphyxia on the immature central nervous system. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

High embryonic recovery rates with in vivo and ex vivo techniques in the bitch.

PubMed

Luz, M R; de Holanda, C C; Pereira, J J; Freitas, P M C; Salgado, A E P; Giannotti, J Di Giorgio; de Oliveira, S B; Teixeira, N S; Guaitolini, C R de Freitas

2011-08-01

The embryonic collection techniques in dogs present a vast methodological variation and low recovery rates. The objectives were to compare and describe two techniques as to the recovery of canine embryos, on the 12th day after the first mating or artificial insemination. Embryos were recovered through uterine horn flushing in vivo, before performing the ovariohysterectomy (OHE) (Group 1; n = 9) or ex vivo, immediately after the OHE (Group 2; n = 9). In total, 43 and 47 embryonic structures were recovered in Groups 1 and 2, respectively. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) between groups on recovery rates (72.8% and 81.0%, respectively). We inferred that both in vivo and ex vivo techniques allow a high rate of embryonic recovery; in the collection technique prior to the OHE, it is essential to carefully handle the reproductive system during the trans-surgical period and that the 12th day (D12) after the first mating/artificial insemination is an efficient option for the high recovery rate of morulae and blastocysts. © 2010 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.

Investigation of the torsional stiffness of flexible disc coupling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Buryy, A.; Simonovsky, V.; Obolonik, V.

2017-08-01

Calculation of flexible coupling torsional stiffness is required when analyzing the torsional vibrations of the reciprocating machinery train. While having the lowest torsional stiffness of all the elements of the train, flexible coupling has a significant influence on the natural frequencies of torsional vibration. However, considering structural complexity of coupling, precise definition of its torsional stiffness is quite a difficult task. The paper presents a method for calculating the torsional stiffness of flexible disc coupling based on the study of its finite element model response under the action of torque. The analysis of the basic parameters that quantitatively and qualitatively affect the coupling torsional stiffness has been also provided. The results of the calculation as well as model adequacy, sufficient for practical application, have been confirmed at the experimental measurement of flexible disc coupling torsional stiffness. The obtained elastic characteristics (dependences of applied torque and torsional stiffness versus twist angle) are nonlinear in the initial stage of loading. This feature should be taken into account when creating reliable mathematical models of torsional vibrations of reciprocating machinery trains containing flexible disc couplings.

Computational modeling and experimental studies of the dynamic performance of ultrasonic horn profiles used in plastic welding.

PubMed

Roopa Rani, M; Rudramoorthy, R

2013-03-01

Ultrasonic horns are tuned components designed to vibrate in a longitudinal mode at ultrasonic frequencies. Reliable performance of such horns is normally decided by the uniformity of vibration amplitude at the working surface and the stress developed during loading condition. The horn design engineer must pay particular attention to designing a tool that will produce the desired amplitude without fracturing. The present work discusses horn configurations which satisfy these criteria and investigates the design requirements of horns in ultrasonic system. Different horn profiles for ultrasonic welding of thermoplastics have been characterized in terms of displacement amplitude and von-Mises stresses using modal and harmonic analysis. To validate the simulated results, five different horns are fabricated from Aluminum, tested and tuned to the operating frequency. Standard ABS plastic parts are welded using these horns. Temperature developed during the welding of ABS test parts using different horns is recorded using sensors and National Instruments (NIs) data acquisition system. The recorded values are compared with the predicted values. Experimental results show that welding using a Bezier horn has a high interface temperature and the welded joints had higher strength as compared to the other horn profiles. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Actively adjustable step-type ultrasonic horns in longitudinal vibration

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lin, Shuyu; Guo, Hao; Xu, Jie

2018-04-01

Actively adjustable longitudinal step-type ultrasonic horns are proposed and studied. The horn is composed of a traditional ultrasonic horn and piezoelectric material. In practical applications, this kind of step-type ultrasonic horn is mechanically excited by an ultrasonic transducer and the piezoelectric material is connected to an adjustable electric impedance. In this research, the effects of the electric impedance and of the location of the piezoelectric material on the performance of the horn are studied. It is shown that when the electric resistance is increased, the resonance frequency of the horn is increased; the displacement magnification is increased when the piezoelectric material is located in the large end and decreased when the piezoelectric material is located in the small end of the horn. The displacement magnification for the piezoelectric material in the large end is larger than that for the piezoelectric material in the small end of the horn. Some step-type ultrasonic horns are designed and manufactured; the resonance frequency and the displacement magnification are measured by means of POLYTEC Laser Scanning vibrometer. It is shown that the theoretical resonance frequency and the displacement magnification are in good agreement with the measured results. It is concluded that by means of the insertion of the piezoelectric material in the longitudinal horn, the horn performance can be adjusted by changing the electric impedance and the location of the piezoelectric material in the horn. It is expected that this kind of adjustable ultrasonic horns can be used in traditional and potential ultrasonic technologies where the vibrational performance adjustment is needed.

Applications of diagnostic ultrasonography in small ruminant reproductive management.

PubMed

Scott, P R

2012-02-01

Modern portable ultrasound machines provide the veterinary clinician with an inexpensive and non-invasive method to further examine the reproductive tract of both male and female sheep on farm which should take no more than 5 min with the results available immediately. Unlike cattle, ultrasound examination of the ovaries is not undertaken because failure to cycle during the normal season is rare in sheep and there are no common ovarian conditions causing acyclicity. Accurate diagnosis of foetal number has greatly improved the nutritional management of late gestation ewes over the past 30 years. Late gestation nutritional supply in response to foetal demand greatly reduces perinatal lamb mortality by ensuring lamb birthweight and ewe colostrum accumulation. The contents of vaginal prolapse have been determined using ultrasonography which has led to an improved method for correction. A retained foetus when second stage labour is considered to have been completed, and uterine torsion, can be identified during ultrasound examination allowing timely correction. Ultrasonographic examination of palpable scrotal abnormalities can provide much useful information particularly in the diagnosis of epididymitis, orchitis and testicular atrophy. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A Director's Guide to High School Horns.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Conway, Collen

1998-01-01

Conveys that the horn (French horn) is the most difficult instrument for band and orchestra directors to teach because playing the horn requires students to have very strong aural skills. Identifies the horn specific techniques students should know, such as hand positions, alternate fingerings, and transposition. Provides different methods for…

Mapping the four-horned locus and testing the polled locus in three Chinese sheep breeds.

PubMed

He, Xiaohong; Zhou, Zhengkui; Pu, Yabin; Chen, Xiaofei; Ma, Yuehui; Jiang, Lin

2016-10-01

Four-horned sheep are an ideal animal model for illuminating the genetic basis of horn development. The objective of this study was to locate the genetic region responsible for the four-horned phenotype and to verify a previously reported polled locus in three Chinese breeds. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed using 34 two-horned and 32 four-horned sheep from three Chinese indigenous breeds: Altay, Mongolian and Sishui Fur sheep. The top two significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with the four-horned phenotype were both located in a region spanning positions 132.6 to 132.7 Mb on sheep chromosome 2. Similar locations for the four-horned trait were previously identified in Jacob, Navajo-Churro, Damara and Sishui Fur sheep, suggesting a common genetic component underlying the four-horned phenotype. The two identified SNPs were both downstream of the metaxin 2 (MTX2) gene and the HOXD gene cluster. For the top SNP-OAR2:g.132619300G>A-the strong associations of the AA and AG genotypes with the four-horned phenotype and the GG genotype with the two-horned phenotype indicated the dominant inheritance of the four-horned trait. No significant SNPs for the polled phenotype were identified in the GWAS analysis, and a PCR analysis for the detection of the 1.8-kb insertion associated with polled sheep in other breeds failed to verify the association with polledness in the three Chinese breeds. This study supports the hypothesis that two different loci are responsible for horn existence and number. This study contributes to the understanding of the molecular regulation of horn development and enriches the knowledge of qualitative traits in domestic animals. © 2016 Stichting International Foundation for Animal Genetics.

Variable stiffness torsion springs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alhorn, Dean C.; Polites, Michael E.

1994-05-01

In a torsion spring the spring action is a result of the relationships between the torque applied in twisting the spring, the angle through which the torsion spring twists, and the modulus of elasticity of the spring material in shear. Torsion springs employed industrially have been strips, rods, or bars, generally termed shafts, capabable of being flexed by twisting their axes. They rely on the variations in shearing forces to furnish an internal restoring torque. In the torsion springs herein the restoring torque is external and therefore independent of the shearing modulus of elasticity of the torsion spring shaft. Also provided herein is a variable stiffness torsion spring. This torsion spring can be so adjusted as to have a given spring constant. Such variable stiffness torsion springs are extremely useful in gimballed payloads such as sensors, telescopes, and electronic devices on such platforms as a space shuttle or a space station.

Variable stiffness torsion springs

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Alhorn, Dean C. (Inventor); Polites, Michael E. (Inventor)

1995-01-01

In a torsion spring the spring action is a result of the relationships between the torque applied in twisting the spring, the angle through which the torsion spring twists, and the modulus of elasticity of the spring material in shear. Torsion springs employed industrially have been strips, rods, or bars, generally termed shafts, capabable of being flexed by twisting their axes. They rely on the variations in shearing forces to furnish an internal restoring torque. In the torsion springs herein the restoring torque is external and therefore independent of the shearing modulus of elasticity of the torsion spring shaft. Also provided herein is a variable stiffness torsion spring. This torsion spring can be so adjusted as to have a given spring constant. Such variable stiffness torsion springs are extremely useful in gimballed payloads such as sensors, telescopes, and electronic devices on such platforms as a space shuttle or a space station.

Variable stiffness torsion springs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alhorn, Dean C.; Polites, Michael E.

1995-08-01

In a torsion spring the spring action is a result of the relationships between the torque applied in twisting the spring, the angle through which the torsion spring twists, and the modulus of elasticity of the spring material in shear. Torsion springs employed industrially have been strips, rods, or bars, generally termed shafts, capabable of being flexed by twisting their axes. They rely on the variations in shearing forces to furnish an internal restoring torque. In the torsion springs herein the restoring torque is external and therefore independent of the shearing modulus of elasticity of the torsion spring shaft. Also provided herein is a variable stiffness torsion spring. This torsion spring can be so adjusted as to have a given spring constant. Such variable stiffness torsion springs are extremely useful in gimballed payloads such as sensors, telescopes, and electronic devices on such platforms as a space shuttle or a space station.

Variable stiffness torsion springs

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Alhorn, Dean C. (Inventor); Polites, Michael E. (Inventor)

1994-01-01

In a torsion spring the spring action is a result of the relationships between the torque applied in twisting the spring, the angle through which the torsion spring twists, and the modulus of elasticity of the spring material in shear. Torsion springs employed industrially have been strips, rods, or bars, generally termed shafts, capabable of being flexed by twisting their axes. They rely on the variations in shearing forces to furnish an internal restoring torque. In the torsion springs herein the restoring torque is external and therefore independent of the shearing modulus of elasticity of the torsion spring shaft. Also provided herein is a variable stiffness torsion spring. This torsion spring can be so adjusted as to have a given spring constant. Such variable stiffness torsion springs are extremely useful in gimballed payloads such as sensors, telescopes, and electronic devices on such platforms as a space shuttle or a space station.

Association of Torsion With Testicular Cancer: A Retrospective Study.

PubMed

Uguz, Sami; Yilmaz, Sercan; Guragac, Ali; Topuz, Bahadır; Aydur, Emin

2016-02-01

Testicular torsion is a medical emergency that usually requires surgical exploration. However, testicular malignancy has been anecdotally reported with the association of torsion in surgical specimens, and the published data remain scant on the association of torsion with testicular tumors. By retrospective medical record review, we identified 32 patients who had been diagnosed with testicular torsion, 20 of whom had undergone orchiectomy. Of these 20 patients, 2 were diagnosed with a malignancy. Our study, the largest case series to date, has shown an association between testicular torsion and testicular cancer of 6.4%. Testicular torsion is a medical emergency that usually requires surgical exploration. However, testicular malignancy has been anecdotally reported in association with torsion in surgical specimens. However, the published data remain scant on the association between torsion and the presence of testicular tumors. The present retrospective study explored the association between torsion and testicular cancer in patients with testicular torsion undergoing orchiectomy during scrotal exploration. A medical record review was performed of patients who had had a diagnosis of testicular torsion from January 2003 to February 2015. The clinicopathologic characteristics of the patients were recorded. A total of 32 patients were identified. Their mean age was 21.1 years (range, 7-39 years). All the patients had unilateral testicular torsion, which affected the left side in 17 and the right side in 15. Manual detorsion was successful in 6 patients, and 26 patients underwent emergency surgery with testicular detorsion (6 fixation surgery and 20 orchiectomy). The type of incision was scrotal in 6, inguinal in 10, and unspecified in 4. Pathologic examination of the orchiectomy specimens showed malignancy in 2 cases (seminoma and malign mixed germ cell tumor). To the best of our knowledge, the present single-center case series is the largest case series to date of testicular torsion and showed an association between testicular torsion and testicular cancer of 6.4%. However, further larger series of the association between testicular torsion and cancer are needed to explore the relationship between testicular torsion and testicular cancer. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The First Morphometric Study of the Horn Morphological Pattern in a Geotrupidae: The Case of the Dor Beetle Ceratophyus rossii Jekel, 1865.

PubMed

Pizzo, Astrid; Mazzone, Fabio; Palestrini, Claudia

2015-01-01

Among beetles, thousands of species develop horns, the size of which is often extraordinarily disproportionate with respect to body size. The Scarabaeidae is the family in which horned species are most predominant, but other families, such as the Geotrupidae (dor beetles), also show remarkable horns, although in a more limited number of species. Horn expression mechanisms are well documented in Scarabaeidae but, despite the wealth of studies on this family, the horn morphological pattern of the Geotrupidae, to our knowledge, has never been investigated. In this paper, we describe for the first time the horn expression pattern in a dor beetle. As a study species, we chose Ceratophyus rossii, an Italian endemic dor beetle of the protected Mediterranean maquis in Tuscany, which shows remarkable head and pronotal horns in males and a notable cephalic horn in females. We identified and modeled shape and size horn patterns combining traditional and geometric morphometric approaches. We discuss the results in the wider landscape of developmental models described for other, more well-characterized, scarab beetles.

Gemcitabine Hydrochloride and Docetaxel With or Without Bevacizumab in Treating Patients With Advanced or Recurrent Uterine Leiomyosarcoma

ClinicalTrials.gov

2017-07-13

Recurrent Uterine Corpus Sarcoma; Stage IIIA Uterine Sarcoma; Stage IIIB Uterine Sarcoma; Stage IIIC Uterine Sarcoma; Stage IVA Uterine Sarcoma; Stage IVB Uterine Sarcoma; Uterine Corpus Leiomyosarcoma

Torsion Bounds from CP Violation α2-DYNAMO in Axion-Photon Cosmic Plasma

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Garcia de Andrade, L. C.

Years ago Mohanty and Sarkar [Phys. Lett. B 433, 424 (1998)] have placed bounds on torsion mass from K meson physics. In this paper, associating torsion to axions a la Campanelli et al. [Phys. Rev. D 72, 123001 (2005)], it is shown that it is possible to place limits on spacetime torsion by considering an efficient α2-dynamo CP violation term. Therefore instead of Kostelecky et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 111102 (2008)] torsion bounds from Lorentz violation, here torsion bounds are obtained from CP violation through dynamo magnetic field amplification. It is also shown that oscillating photon-axion frequency peak is reduced to 10-7 Hz due to torsion mass (or Planck mass when torsion does not propagate) contribution to the photon-axion-torsion action. Though torsion does not couple to electromagnetic fields at classical level, it does at the quantum level. Recently, Garcia de Andrade [Phys. Lett. B 468, 28 (2011)] has shown that the photon sector of Lorentz violation (LV) Lagrangian leads to linear nonstandard Maxwell equations where the magnetic field decays slower giving rise to a seed for galactic dynamos. Torsion constraints of the order of K0≈10-42 GeV can be obtained which are more stringent than the value obtained by Kostelecky et al. A lower bound for the existence of galactic dynamos is obtained for torsion as K0≈10-37 GeV.

Incidence and predictive factors of isolated neonatal penile glanular torsion.

PubMed

Sarkis, Pierrot E; Sadasivam, Muthurajan

2007-12-01

To determine the incidence of isolated neonatal penile glanular torsion, describe the basic characteristics, and explore the relationship between foreskin and glans torsion. A prospective survey was conducted of all male newborns admitted to nursery after delivery, or neonates less than 3 months presenting for circumcision. Cases with associated genital malformations were excluded. The incidence of isolated neonatal penile torsion was 27% (95% CI: 22.2%-31.84%), to the left in 99% of cases. In 3.5% of cases, the penis had an angle <10 degrees, and 9.5% >20 degrees. Using Spearman's correlational coefficient, deviation of penile raphe from the midline at the foreskin tip had a better correlation with glans torsion than deviation of raphe at the coronal sulcus (0.727 vs 0.570; both significant at p<0.01). Isolated neonatal penile torsion is more common than reported. The median raphe of the penis may be normal and mask unexpected glans torsion. Median raphe torsion at foreskin tip can be used as a predictor for glans torsion. Clinical significance and relation to adult penile torsion are beyond the scope of the study.

Physical Activity Behavioral Intervention in Obese Endometrial Cancer Survivors

ClinicalTrials.gov

2015-10-14

Stage IA Uterine Corpus Cancer; Stage IB Uterine Corpus Cancer; Stage II Uterine Corpus Cancer; Stage IIIA Uterine Corpus Cancer; Stage IIIB Uterine Corpus Cancer; Stage IIIC Uterine Corpus Cancer; Stage IVA Uterine Corpus Cancer; Stage IVB Uterine Corpus Cancer

Torsion limits from t t macr production at the LHC

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

de Almeida, F. M. L.; de Andrade, F. R.; do Vale, M. A. B.; Nepomuceno, A. A.

2018-04-01

Torsion models constitute a well-known class of extended quantum gravity models. In this work, one investigates the phenomenological consequences of a torsion field interacting with top quarks at the LHC. A torsion field could appear as a new heavy state characterized by its mass and couplings to fermions. This new state would form a resonance decaying into a top antitop pair. The latest ATLAS t t ¯ production results from LHC 13 TeV data are used to set limits on torsion parameters. The integrated luminosity needed to observe torsion resonance at the next LHC upgrades are also evaluated, considering different values for the torsion mass and its couplings to Standard Model fermions. Finally, prospects for torsion exclusion at the future LHC phases II and III are obtained using fast detector simulations.

On the origin and evolutionary diversification of beetle horns

PubMed Central

Emlen, Douglas J.; Corley Lavine, Laura; Ewen-Campen, Ben

2007-01-01

Many scarab beetles produce rigid projections from the body called horns. The exaggerated sizes of these structures and the staggering diversity of their forms have impressed biologists for centuries. Recent comparative studies using DNA sequence-based phylogenies have begun to reconstruct the historical patterns of beetle horn evolution. At the same time, developmental genetic experiments have begun to elucidate how beetle horns grow and how horn growth is modulated in response to environmental variables, such as nutrition. We bring together these two perspectives to show that they converge on very similar conclusions regarding beetle evolution. Horns do not appear to be difficult structures to gain or lose, and they can diverge both dramatically and rapidly in form. Although much of this work is still preliminary, we use available information to propose a conceptual developmental model for the major trajectories of beetle horn evolution. We illustrate putative mechanisms underlying the evolutionary origin of horns and the evolution of horn location, shape, allometry, and dimorphism. PMID:17494751

Folded Resonant Horns for Power Ultrasonic Applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sherrit, Stewart; Askins, Stephen; Gradziel, Michael; Bao, Xiaoqi; Chang, Zensheu; Dolgin, Benjamin; Bar-Cohen, Yoseph; Peterson, Tom

2003-01-01

Folded horns have been conceived as alternatives to straight horns used as resonators and strain amplifiers in power ultrasonic systems. Such systems are used for cleaning, welding, soldering, cutting, and drilling in a variety of industries. In addition, several previous NASA Tech Briefs articles have described instrumented drilling, coring, and burrowing machines that utilize combinations of sonic and ultrasonic vibrational actuation. The main advantage of a folded horn, relative to a straight horn of the same resonance frequency, is that the folded horn can be made shorter (that is, its greatest linear dimension measured from the outside can be made smaller). Alternatively, for a given length, the resonance frequency can be reduced. Hence, the folded-horn concept affords an additional degree of design freedom for reducing the length of an ultrasonic power system that includes a horn.

Insights into the development and evolution of exaggerated traits using de novo transcriptomes of two species of horned scarab beetles.

PubMed

Warren, Ian A; Vera, J Cristobal; Johns, Annika; Zinna, Robert; Marden, James H; Emlen, Douglas J; Dworkin, Ian; Lavine, Laura C

2014-01-01

Scarab beetles exhibit an astonishing variety of rigid exo-skeletal outgrowths, known as "horns". These traits are often sexually dimorphic and vary dramatically across species in size, shape, location, and allometry with body size. In many species, the horn exhibits disproportionate growth resulting in an exaggerated allometric relationship with body size, as compared to other traits, such as wings, that grow proportionately with body size. Depending on the species, the smallest males either do not produce a horn at all, or they produce a disproportionately small horn for their body size. While the diversity of horn shapes and their behavioural ecology have been reasonably well studied, we know far less about the proximate mechanisms that regulate horn growth. Thus, using 454 pyrosequencing, we generated transcriptome profiles, during horn growth and development, in two different scarab beetle species: the Asian rhinoceros beetle, Trypoxylus dichotomus, and the dung beetle, Onthophagus nigriventris. We obtained over half a million reads for each species that were assembled into over 6,000 and 16,000 contigs respectively. We combined these data with previously published studies to look for signatures of molecular evolution. We found a small subset of genes with horn-biased expression showing evidence for recent positive selection, as is expected with sexual selection on horn size. We also found evidence of relaxed selection present in genes that demonstrated biased expression between horned and horn-less morphs, consistent with the theory of developmental decoupling of phenotypically plastic traits.

Patient, Physician, and Nurse Factors Associated With Entry Onto Clinical Trials and Finishing Treatment in Patients With Primary or Recurrent Uterine, Endometrial, or Cervical Cancer

ClinicalTrials.gov

2018-04-11

Recurrent Cervical Carcinoma; Recurrent Uterine Corpus Carcinoma; Recurrent Uterine Corpus Sarcoma; Stage I Uterine Corpus Cancer; Stage I Uterine Sarcoma; Stage IA Cervical Cancer; Stage IB Cervical Cancer; Stage II Uterine Corpus Cancer; Stage II Uterine Sarcoma; Stage IIA Cervical Cancer; Stage IIB Cervical Cancer; Stage III Cervical Cancer; Stage III Uterine Corpus Cancer; Stage III Uterine Sarcoma; Stage IV Uterine Corpus Cancer; Stage IV Uterine Sarcoma; Stage IVA Cervical Cancer; Stage IVB Cervical Cancer

Torsion and buckling of open sections

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wagner, H; Pretschner, W

1936-01-01

Following an abstract of the well-known theory of torsion in compression, the writers give directions for the practical calculation of the values of C(sub BT) (resistance to flexure and torsion) and i(sub SP(exp 2)), which determine the torsion. The second part treats the experiments in support of the theory of torsion of plain and flanged angle sections.

Radiation Therapy, Paclitaxel, and Carboplatin in Treating Patients With High-Risk Endometrial Cancer

ClinicalTrials.gov

2016-01-11

Endometrial Adenocarcinoma; Stage IA Uterine Corpus Cancer; Stage IB Uterine Corpus Cancer; Stage II Uterine Corpus Cancer; Stage IIIA Uterine Corpus Cancer; Stage IIIB Uterine Corpus Cancer; Stage IIIC Uterine Corpus Cancer; Stage IVA Uterine Corpus Cancer; Stage IVB Uterine Corpus Cancer

Improving road safety and residential quality of life : evaluating the automated wayside horn system.

PubMed

Lucke, Roy E; Raub, Richard A; Thunder, Thomas E

2004-01-01

The automated wayside horn system is designed to replace the train horn as a means of alerting motorists to danger and thus enhancing safety at highway-rail grade crossings. Furthermore, the wayside horn directionality is such that the warning sound is broadcast over a smaller sector than the train horn, thereby reducing residential noise. This article examines the results of an evaluation comparing train horns with wayside horns in the village of Mundelein, Illinois, USA. The study derived from previous work in Gering, Nebraska, and Ames, Iowa.During the 3 months covering the 'before' (train horn) period and through to 'after' (wayside horn), more than 19 500 crossing gate closures were recorded on videotape at three crossings. Analysis showed motorist violation of level-crossing laws decreased 68%, from an average rate of 3.53 per 100 gate closings when train horns were in use to 1.12 per 100 with the wayside horn. The decrease was statistically significant. Of equal importance was the decrease in residential noise. Sound measurements taken in a sample of residential yards showed a decrease in sound levels by more than 10 decibels (dB) at most locations. When plotted as sound contours, decreases in the area of coverage ranged from 85% at the 90dB level to 65% at the 70dB level.However, there are two issues with the use of wayside horns that need to be resolved. First, and most important, is that the wayside horn starts sounding when the warning lights begin to flash. This startles motorists, and some stop on the rail tracks. A second issue is the frequent unwarranted activation of the system, which encourages people to ignore the gate.

Cabozantinib and Nivolumab in Treating Patients With Advanced, Recurrent or Metastatic Endometrial Cancer

ClinicalTrials.gov

2018-06-13

Recurrent Uterine Corpus Carcinoma; Stage III Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IIIA Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IIIB Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IIIC Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IIIC1 Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IIIC2 Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IV Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IVA Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IVB Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v7

The SeaHorn Verification Framework

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gurfinkel, Arie; Kahsai, Temesghen; Komuravelli, Anvesh; Navas, Jorge A.

2015-01-01

In this paper, we present SeaHorn, a software verification framework. The key distinguishing feature of SeaHorn is its modular design that separates the concerns of the syntax of the programming language, its operational semantics, and the verification semantics. SeaHorn encompasses several novelties: it (a) encodes verification conditions using an efficient yet precise inter-procedural technique, (b) provides flexibility in the verification semantics to allow different levels of precision, (c) leverages the state-of-the-art in software model checking and abstract interpretation for verification, and (d) uses Horn-clauses as an intermediate language to represent verification conditions which simplifies interfacing with multiple verification tools based on Horn-clauses. SeaHorn provides users with a powerful verification tool and researchers with an extensible and customizable framework for experimenting with new software verification techniques. The effectiveness and scalability of SeaHorn are demonstrated by an extensive experimental evaluation using benchmarks from SV-COMP 2015 and real avionics code.

Discovery, Development, and Evaluation of a Horn Fly-Isolated (Diptera: Muscidae) Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales: Cordyciptaceae) Strain From Florida, USA

PubMed Central

Holderman, Christopher J.; Wood, Lois A.; Geden, Christopher J.

2017-01-01

The horn fly, Haematobia irritans (L.) is an important cattle pest and traditionally has been managed using insecticides; however, many horn fly populations are insecticide-resistant in United States. Use of alternative control techniques has been limited because of the challenges of managing a fly pest on pastured cattle. After the discovery of a wild horn fly infected with Beauveria bassiana in Florida, the fungus was cultured and evaluated for efficacy against laboratory-reared horn flies. This fungal strain was selected for increased virulence by passage through laboratory-reared horn fly hosts to shorten interval from infection to fly death and subsequent conidia formation, properties important to future use of the fungus as a biological control agent against horn flies. After seven passages through horn fly hosts, fly mortality was not significantly accelerated as evaluated through LT50 values, but conidia were readily produced from these killed flies. Although further development is needed to improve fungal efficacy, this fungal strain holds promise as a biological control agent for inclusion in horn fly integrated pest management programs. PMID:28423414

Effects of torsional deformation on the microstructures and mechanical properties of a CoCrFeNiMo0.15 high-entropy alloy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, Wenqian; Guo, Lin; Liu, Bin; Ni, Song; Liu, Yong; Song, Min

2017-12-01

The effects of torsional deformation on the microstructures and mechanical properties of a CoCrFeNiMo0.15 high-entropy alloy have been investigated. The torsional deformation generates a gradient microstructure distribution due to the gradient torsional strain. Both dislocation activity and deformation twinning dominated the torsional deformation process. With increasing the torsional equivalent strain, the microstructural evolution can be described as follows: (1) formation of pile-up dislocations parallel to the trace of {1 1 1}-type slip planes; (2) formation of Taylor lattices; (3) formation of highly dense dislocation walls; (3) formation of microbands and deformation twins. The extremely high deformation strain (strained to fracture) results in the activation of wavy slip. The tensile strength is very sensitive to the torsional deformation, and increases significantly with increasing the torsional angle.

Design and analysis of a torsion braid pendulum displacement transducer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rind, E.; Bryant, E. L.

1981-01-01

The dynamic properties at various temperatures of braids impregnated with polymer can be measured by using the braid as the suspension of a torsion pendulum. This report describes the electronic and mechanical design of a torsional braid pendulum displacement transducer which is an advance in the state of the art. The transducer uses a unique optical design consisting of refracting quartz windows used in conjunction with a differential photocell to produce a null signal. The release mechanism for initiating free torsional oscillation of the pendulum has also been improved. Analysis of the precision and accuracy of the transducer indicated that the maximum relative error in measuring torsional amplitude was approximately 0. A serious problem inherent in all instruments which use a torsional suspension was analyzed: misalignment of the physical and torsional axes of the torsional member which results in modulation of the amplitude of the free oscillation.

Torsional Splitting in the Degenerate Vibrational States of (70)Ge(2)H(6): Rotation-Torsion Analysis of the nu(7) and nu(9) Fundamentals.

PubMed

Lattanzi; di Lauro C; Bürger; Mkadmi

2000-09-01

The rotational and torsional structure of the nu(7) and nu(9) degenerate fundamentals of (70)Ge(2)H(6) has been analyzed under high resolution. The torsional structure of both v(7) = 1 and v(9) = 1 states can be fitted by a simple one-parameter formula. The x,y-Coriolis interaction with the parallel nu(5) fundamental was accounted for in the analysis of nu(7). A strong perturbation of the J structure of the E(3s) torsional component of the KDeltaK = -2 subbranches of nu(9) can be explained by the resonance with an E(3s) excited level of the pure torsional manifold. The perturber is centered at 361.58 cm(-1), very close to the value estimated with a barrier height of 285 cm(-1). This confirms that the fundamental torsional wavenumber is close to 103 cm(-1), in good agreement with the "ab initio" prediction. The torsional splittings of all the infrared active degenerate fundamentals, nu(7), nu(8), and nu(9), follow the trend predicted by theory, and have been fitted by exploratory calculations accounting only for the torsional Coriolis-coupling mechanism of all degenerate vibrational fundamentals in several torsional states. This confirms that torsional Coriolis coupling is the dominant mechanism responsible for the decrease of the torsional splitting in the degenerate vibrational states. A higher value of the barrier had to be used for the nu(9) mode. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.

Paclitaxel and Intraperitoneal Carboplatin Followed by Radiation Therapy in Treating Patients With Stage IIIC-IV Uterine Cancer

ClinicalTrials.gov

2015-02-10

Endometrial Serous Adenocarcinoma; Stage IIIA Uterine Corpus Cancer; Stage IIIB Uterine Corpus Cancer; Stage IIIC1 Uterine Corpus Cancer; Stage IIIC2 Uterine Corpus Cancer; Stage IVA Uterine Corpus Cancer; Stage IVB Uterine Corpus Cancer

77 FR 49779 - Big Horn County Resource Advisory Committee

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-17

... DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Forest Service Big Horn County Resource Advisory Committee AGENCY: Forest Service, USDA. ACTION: Notice of meeting. SUMMARY: The Big Horn County Resource Advisory Committee... Big Horn County Weed and Pest Building, 4782 Highway 310, Greybull, Wyoming. Written comments about...

Multi-mode horn antenna simulation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dod, L. R.; Wolf, J. D.

1980-01-01

Radiation patterns were computed for a circular multimode horn antenna using waveguide electric field radiation expressions. The circular multimode horn was considered as a possible reflector feed antenna for the Large Antenna Multifrequency Microwave Radiometer (LAMMR). This horn antenna uses a summation of the TE sub 11 deg and TM sub 11 deg modes to generate far field primary radiation patterns with equal E and H plane beamwidths and low sidelobes. A computer program for the radiation field expressions using the summation of waveguide radiation modes is described. The sensitivity of the multimode horn antenna radiation patterns to phase variations between the two modes is given. Sample radiation pattern calculations for a reflector feed horn for LAMMR are shown. The multimode horn antenna provides a low noise feed suitable for radiometric applications.

[Penile torsion. Case report].

PubMed

Arch Canas, Albert; Gutiérfz del Pozo, Rafael

2006-01-01

To report the clinical characteristics and therapeutic options of penile torsion. We report the case of a male with asymptomatic penile torsion as an incidental finding after consultation for other reasons. The patient was treated conservatively because it was not an important aesthetic trouble and it was asymptomatic. Penile torsion is rare. Surgical treatment is reserved for very important degrees of torsion, symptomatic patients or, when patient feels discomfort with the aesthetic alteration.

Development of a Meso-Scale SMA-Based Torsion Actuator for Image-Guided Procedures.

PubMed

Sheng, Jun; Gandhi, Dheeraj; Gullapalli, Rao; Simard, J Marc; Desai, Jaydev P

2017-02-01

This paper presents the design, modeling, and control of a meso-scale torsion actuator based on shape memory alloy (SMA) for image-guided surgical procedures. Developing a miniature torsion actuator is challenging, but it opens the possibility of significantly enhancing the robot agility and maneuverability. The proposed torsion actuator is bi-directionally actuated by a pair of antagonistic SMA torsion springs through alternate Joule heating and natural cooling. The torsion actuator is integrated into a surgical robot prototype to demonstrate its working performance in the humid environment under C-Arm CT image guidance.

Development of a Meso-Scale SMA-Based Torsion Actuator for Image-Guided Procedures

PubMed Central

Sheng, Jun; Gandhi, Dheeraj; Gullapalli, Rao; Simard, J. Marc; Desai, Jaydev P.

2016-01-01

This paper presents the design, modeling, and control of a meso-scale torsion actuator based on shape memory alloy (SMA) for image-guided surgical procedures. Developing a miniature torsion actuator is challenging, but it opens the possibility of significantly enhancing the robot agility and maneuverability. The proposed torsion actuator is bi-directionally actuated by a pair of antagonistic SMA torsion springs through alternate Joule heating and natural cooling. The torsion actuator is integrated into a surgical robot prototype to demonstrate its working performance in the humid environment under C-Arm CT image guidance. PMID:28210189

Temsirolimus With or Without Megestrol Acetate and Tamoxifen Citrate in Treating Patients With Advanced, Persistent, or Recurrent Endometrial Cancer

ClinicalTrials.gov

2017-04-11

Endometrial Carcinoma; Recurrent Uterine Corpus Carcinoma; Stage IIIA Uterine Corpus Cancer; Stage IIIB Uterine Corpus Cancer; Stage IIIC1 Uterine Corpus Cancer; Stage IIIC2 Uterine Corpus Cancer; Stage IVA Uterine Corpus Cancer; Stage IVB Uterine Corpus Cancer

Studies on thermo-elastic heating of horns used in ultrasonic plastic welding.

PubMed

Roopa Rani, M; Prakasan, K; Rudramoorthy, R

2015-01-01

Ultrasonic welding horn is half wavelength section or tool used to focus the ultrasonic vibrations to the components being welded. The horn is designed in such a way that it maximizes the amplitude of the sound wave passing through it. The ends of the horn represent the displacement anti-nodes and the center the 'node' of the wave. As the horns perform 20,000 cycles of expansion and contraction per second, they are highly stressed at the nodes and are heated owing to thermo-elastic effects. Considerable temperature rise may be observed in the horn, at the nodal region when working at high amplitudes indicating high stress levels leading to failure of horns due to cyclic loading. The limits for amplitude must therefore be evaluated for the safe working of the horn. Horns made of different materials have different thermo-elastic behaviors and hence different temperatures at the nodes and antinodes. This temperature field can be used as a control mechanism for setting the amplitude/weld parameters. Safe stress levels can be predicted using modal and harmonic analyses followed by a stress analysis to study the effect of cyclic loads. These are achieved using 'Ansys'. The maximum amplitude level obtained from the stress analysis is used as input for 'Comsol' to predict the temperature field. The actual temperature developed in the horn during operation is measured using infrared camera and compared with the simulated temperature. From experiments, it is observed that horn made of titanium had the lowest temperature rise at the critical region and can be expected to operate at amplitudes up to 77 μm without suffering failure due to cyclic loading. The method of predicting thermo-elastic stresses and temperature may be adopted by the industry for operating the horn within the safe stress limits thereby extending the life of the horn. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Analysing the isotopic life history of the alpine ungulates Capra ibex and Rupicapra rupicapra rupicapra through their horns.

PubMed

Barbosa, Inês C R; Kley, Maximiliane; Schäufele, Rudi; Auerswald, Karl; Schröder, Wolf; Filli, Flurin; Hertwig, Stefan; Schnyder, Hans

2009-08-01

The horn of ungulate grazers offers a valuable isotopic record of their diet and environment. However, there have been no reports of the spatio-temporal variation of the isotopic composition of horns. We investigated patterns of carbon (delta(13)C) and nitrogen (delta(15)N) isotopic composition along and perpendicular to the horn axis in Capra ibex and Rupicapra rupicapra rupicapra to assess the effects of animal age, within-year (seasonal) and inter-annual variation, natural contamination and sampling position on horn isotope composition. Horns of male C. ibex (n = 23) and R. r. rupicapra (n = 1) were sampled longitudinally on the front (only R. r. rupicapra) and back side and on the surface and sub-surface. The sides of the R. r. rupicapra horn did not differ in delta(13)C. In both species, the horn surface had a 0.15 per thousand lower delta(13)C and a higher carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio than the sub-surface. Washing the horn with water and organic solvents removed material that caused these differences. With age, the delta(15)N of C. ibex horns increased (+0.1 per thousand year(-1)), C/N ratio increased, and (13)C discrimination relative to atmospheric CO(2) ((13)Delta) increased slightly (+0.03 per thousand year(-1)). Geostatistical analysis of one C. ibex horn revealed systematic patterns of inter-annual and seasonal (13)C changes, but (15)N changed only seasonally. The work demonstrates that isotopic signals in horns are influenced by natural contamination (delta(13)C), age effects ((13)Delta and delta(15)N), and seasonal (delta(13)C and delta(15)N) and inter-annual variation (delta(13)C). The methods presented allow us to distinguish between these effects and thus allow the use of horns as isotopic archives of the ecology of these species and their habitat. Copyright (c) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

75 FR 71069 - Big Horn County Resource Advisory Committee

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-22

... DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Forest Service Big Horn County Resource Advisory Committee AGENCY: Forest Service, USDA. ACTION: Notice of meeting. SUMMARY: The Big Horn County Resource Advisory Committee... held at the Big Horn County Weed and Pest Building, 4782 Highway 310, Greybull, Wyoming. Written...

Improving the sensitivity of a torsion pendulum by using an optical spring method

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wang Qinglan; Yeh Hsienchi; Zhou Zebing

We present a scheme aiming at improving the sensitivity of a torsion pendulum by means of radiation-pressure-induced optical spring. Two partial-reflective mirrors are installed on the opposite sides of a torsion pendulum, and one high-reflective mirror is mounted at the end of the torsion beam so that two identical Fabry-Perot cavities can be formed and aligned in series. Due to the antisymmetric radiation pressures acting on the opposite sides of the torsion beam, a negative restoring coefficient can be generated within a certain dynamic range, such that both the resultant torsional rigidity and the resonant frequency of the torsion pendulummore » are reduced, and the minimum detectable response torque in high-frequency region can be reduced accordingly.« less

The role of doublesex in the evolution of exaggerated horns in the Japanese rhinoceros beetle

PubMed Central

Ito, Yuta; Harigai, Ayane; Nakata, Moe; Hosoya, Tadatsugu; Araya, Kunio; Oba, Yuichi; Ito, Akinori; Ohde, Takahiro; Yaginuma, Toshinobu; Niimi, Teruyuki

2013-01-01

Male-specific exaggerated horns are an evolutionary novelty and have diverged rapidly via intrasexual selection. Here, we investigated the function of the conserved sex-determination gene doublesex (dsx) in the Japanese rhinoceros beetle (Trypoxylus dichotomus) using RNA interference (RNAi). Our results show that the sex-specific T. dichotomus dsx isoforms have an antagonistic function for head horn formation and only the male isoform has a role for thoracic horn formation. These results indicate that the novel sex-specific regulation of dsx during horn morphogenesis might have been the key evolutionary developmental event at the transition from sexually monomorphic to sexually dimorphic horns. PMID:23609854

The role of doublesex in the evolution of exaggerated horns in the Japanese rhinoceros beetle.

PubMed

Ito, Yuta; Harigai, Ayane; Nakata, Moe; Hosoya, Tadatsugu; Araya, Kunio; Oba, Yuichi; Ito, Akinori; Ohde, Takahiro; Yaginuma, Toshinobu; Niimi, Teruyuki

2013-06-01

Male-specific exaggerated horns are an evolutionary novelty and have diverged rapidly via intrasexual selection. Here, we investigated the function of the conserved sex-determination gene doublesex (dsx) in the Japanese rhinoceros beetle (Trypoxylus dichotomus) using RNA interference (RNAi). Our results show that the sex-specific T. dichotomus dsx isoforms have an antagonistic function for head horn formation and only the male isoform has a role for thoracic horn formation. These results indicate that the novel sex-specific regulation of dsx during horn morphogenesis might have been the key evolutionary developmental event at the transition from sexually monomorphic to sexually dimorphic horns.

[The functional sport shoe parameter "torsion" within running shoe research--a literature review].

PubMed

Michel, F I; Kälin, X; Metzger, A; Westphal, K; Schweizer, F; Campe, S; Segesser, B

2009-12-01

Within the sport shoe area torsion is described as the twisting and decoupling of the rear-, mid- and forefoot along the longitudinal axis of the foot. Studies have shown that running shoes restrict the torsion of the foot and thus they increase the pronation of the foot. Based on the findings, it is recommended to design running shoes, which allow the natural freedom of movement of the foot. The market introduction of the first torsion concept through adidas(R) took place in 1989. Independently of the first market introduction, only one epidemiological study was conducted in the running shoe area. The study should investigate the occurrence of Achilles tendon problems of the athletes running in the new "adidas Torsion(R) shoes". However, further studies quantifying the optimal region of torsionability concerning the reduction of injury incidence are still missing. Newer studies reveal that the criterion torsion only plays a secondary roll regarding the buying decision. Moreover, athletes are not able to perceive torsionability as a discrete functional parameter. It is to register, that several workgroups are dealing intensively with the detailed analysis of the foot movement based on kinematic multi-segment-models. However, scientific as well as popular scientific contributions display that the original idea of the torsion concept is still not completely understood. Hence, the "inverse" characteristic is postulated. The present literature review leads to the deduction that the functional characteristics of the torsion concept are not fully implemented within the running shoe area. This implies the necessity of scientific studies, which investigate the relevance of a functional torsion concept regarding injury prevention based on basic and applied research. Besides, biomechanical studies should analyse systematically the mechanism and the effects of torsion relevant technologies and systems.

The Torsional Spectrum of Doubly Deuterated Methanol CHD_2OH

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ndao, M.; Coudert, L. H.; Kwabia Tchana, F.; Barros, J.; Margulès, L.; Manceron, Laurent; Roy, P.

2014-06-01

Although the torsional spectrum of several isotopic species of methanol with a symmetrical CH_3 or CD_3 was analyzed some time ago, it is recently, and only for the monodeuterated species CH_2DOH, that such an analysis was extended to the case of an asymmetrical methyl group. In this talk, based on a Fourier transform high-resolution spectrum recorded in the 20 to 670 wn region, the first analysis of the torsional spectrum of doubly deuterated methanol CHD_2OH will be presented. The Q branch of many torsional subbands could be observed and their assignment was initiated using a theoretical torsion-rotation spectrum computed with an approach accounting for the torsion-rotation Coriolis coupling and for the dependence of the generalized inertia tensor on the angle of internal rotation. 46 torsional subbands were thus assigned. For 28 of them, their rotational structure could be assigned and fitted using an effective Hamiltonian expressed as a J(J+1) expansion; and for 2 of them microwave transitions within the lower torsional level could also be included in the analysis. In several cases these analysis revealed that the torsional levels are strongly perturbed. In the talk, the torsional parameters retrieved in the analysis of the torsional subband centers will be discussed. The results of the analysis of the rotational structure of the torsional subbands will be presented and we will also try to understand the nature of the perturbations. At last, preliminary results about the analysis of the microwave spectrum will be presented. El Hilali, Coudert, Konov, and Klee, J. Chem. Phys. 135 (2011) 194309 Lauvergnat, Coudert, Klee, and Smirnov, J. Mol. Spectrosc. 256 (2009) 204 Quade, Liu, Mukhopadhyay, and Su, J. Mol. Spectrosc. 192 (1998) 378 Pearson, Yu, and Drouin, J. Mol. Spectrosc. 280 (2012) 119

Primary uterine inertia in four labrador bitches.

PubMed

Davidson, Autumn P

2011-01-01

Uterine inertia is a common cause of dystocia in the bitch and is designated as primary (i.e., uterine contractions fail to ever be initiated) or secondary (i.e., uterine contractions cease after a period of time but before labor is completed). The etiology of primary uterine inertia is not well understood. The accurate diagnosis of primary uterine inertia requires the use of tocodynamometry (uterine monitoring). Primary uterine inertia has been postulated to result from a failure of luteolysis resulting in persistently elevated progesterone concentrations. In this study, primary uterine inertia was diagnosed in a series of four bitches in which luteolysis was documented suggesting some other etiopathogenesis for primary uterine inertia.

76 FR 26240 - Big Horn County Resource Advisory Committee

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-06

... words Big Horn County RAC in the subject line. Facsimilies may be sent to 307-674-2668. All comments... DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Forest Service Big Horn County Resource Advisory Committee AGENCY: Forest Service, USDA. ACTION: Notice of meeting. SUMMARY: The Big Horn County Resource Advisory Committee...

Can Gravity Probe B usefully constrain torsion gravity theories?

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Flanagan, Eanna E.; Rosenthal, Eran

2007-06-15

In most theories of gravity involving torsion, the source for torsion is the intrinsic spin of matter. Since the spins of fermions are normally randomly oriented in macroscopic bodies, the amount of torsion generated by macroscopic bodies is normally negligible. However, in a recent paper, Mao et al. (arXiv:gr-qc/0608121) point out that there is a class of theories, including the Hayashi-Shirafuji (1979) theory, in which the angular momentum of macroscopic spinning bodies generates a significant amount of torsion. They further argue that, by the principle of action equals reaction, one would expect the angular momentum of test bodies to couplemore » to a background torsion field, and therefore the precession of the Gravity Probe B gyroscopes should be affected in these theories by the torsion generated by the Earth. We show that in fact the principle of action equals reaction does not apply to these theories, essentially because the torsion is not an independent dynamical degree of freedom. We examine in detail a generalization of the Hayashi-Shirafuji theory suggested by Mao et al. called Einstein-Hayashi-Shirafuji theory. There are a variety of different versions of this theory, depending on the precise form of the coupling to matter chosen for the torsion. We show that, for any coupling to matter that is compatible with the spin transport equation postulated by Mao et al., the theory has either ghosts or an ill-posed initial-value formulation. These theoretical problems can be avoided by specializing the parameters of the theory and in addition choosing the standard minimal coupling to matter of the torsion tensor. This yields a consistent theory, but one in which the action equals reaction principle is violated, and in which the angular momentum of the gyroscopes does not couple to the Earth's torsion field. Thus, the Einstein-Hayashi-Shirafuji theory does not predict a detectable torsion signal for Gravity Probe B. There may be other torsion theories which do.« less

Inter-study reproducibility of left ventricular torsion and torsion rate quantification using MR myocardial feature tracking.

PubMed

Kowallick, Johannes T; Morton, Geraint; Lamata, Pablo; Jogiya, Roy; Kutty, Shelby; Lotz, Joachim; Hasenfuß, Gerd; Nagel, Eike; Chiribiri, Amedeo; Schuster, Andreas

2016-01-01

To determine the inter-study reproducibility of MR feature tracking (MR-FT) derived left ventricular (LV) torsion and torsion rates for a combined assessment of systolic and diastolic myocardial function. Steady-state free precession (SSFP) cine LV short-axis stacks were acquired at 9:00 (Exam A), 9:30 (Exam B), and 14:00 (Exam C) in 16 healthy volunteers at 3 Tesla. SSFP images were analyzed offline using MR-FT to assess rotational displacement in apical and basal slices. Global peak torsion, peak systolic and peak diastolic torsion rates were calculated using different definitions ("twist", "normalized twist" and "circumferential-longitudinal (CL) shear angle"). Exam A and B were compared to assess the inter-study reproducibility. Morning and afternoon scans were compared to address possible diurnal variation. The different methods showed good inter-study reproducibility for global peak torsion (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]: 0.90-0.92; coefficient of variation [CoV]: 19.0-20.3%) and global peak systolic torsion rate (ICC: 0.82-0.84; CoV: 25.9-29.0%). Conversely, global peak diastolic torsion rate showed little inter-study reproducibility (ICC: 0.34-0.47; CoV: 40.8-45.5%). Global peak torsion as determined by the CL shear angle showed the best inter-study reproducibility (ICC: 0.90;CoV: 19.0%). MR-FT results were not measurably affected by diurnal variation between morning and afternoon scans (CL shear angle: 4.8 ± 1.4°, 4.8 ± 1.5°, and 4.1 ± 1.6° for Exam A, B, and C, respectively; P = 0.21). MR-FT based derivation of myocardial peak torsion and peak systolic torsion rate has high inter-study reproducibility as opposed to peak diastolic torsion rate. The CL shear angle was the most reproducible parameter independently of cardiac anatomy and may develop into a robust tool to quantify cardiac rotational mechanics in longitudinal MR-FT patient studies. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Determination of the Glass-Transition Temperature of GRPS and CFRPS Using a Torsion Pendulum in Regimes of Freely Damped Vibrations and Quasi-Stastic Torsion of Specimens

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Startsev, V. O.; Lebedev, M. P.; Molokov, M. V.

2018-03-01

A method to measure the glass-transition temperature of polymers and polymeric matrices of composite materials with the help of an inverse torsion pendulum over a wide range of temperatures is considered combining the method of free torsional vibrations and a quasi-static torsion of specimens. The glass-transition temperature Tg of a KMKS-1-80. T10 fiberglass, on increasing the frequency of freely damped torsional vibrations from 0.7 to 9.6 Hz, was found to increase from 132 to 140°C. The value of Tg of these specimens, determined by measuring the work of their torsion through a small fixed angle was 128.6°C ± 0.8°C. It is shown that the use of a torsion pendulum allows one to determine the glass-transition temperature of polymeric or polymer matrices of PCMs in dynamic and quasi-static deformation regimes of specimens.

Frequency-dependent solvent friction and torsional damping in liquid 1,2-difluoroethane

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

MacPhail, Richard A.; Monroe, Frances C.

1991-04-01

We have used Raman spectroscopy to study the torsional dynamics, rotational dynamics, and conformational solvation energy of liquid 1,2-difluoroethane. From the Raman intensities, we obtain Δ H(g-t) = -2.4±0.1 kcal/mol, indicating strong dipolar solvation of the gauche conformer. We analyze the Raman linewidths of the CCF bending bands to obtain the zero-frequency torsional damping coefficient or well friction for the gauche conformer, and from the linewidth of the torsion band we obtain the friction evaluated at the torsional frequency. The zero-frequency well friction shows deviations from hydrodynamic behavior reminiscent of those observed for barrier friction, whereas the high-frequency friction is considerably smaller in magnitude and independent of temperature and viscosity. The zero-frequency torsional friction correlates linearly with the rotational friction. It is argued that the small amplitude of the torsional fluctuations emphasizes the short distance, or high wavevector components of the solvent friction. Dielectric friction apparently does not contribute to the torsional friction at the observed frequencies.

Effects of {10-12} Twins on Dynamic Torsional Properties of Extruded AZ31 Magnesium Alloy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, Jong Un; Song, Seok Weon; Kim, Yongjin; Kim, Sang-Hoon; Kim, Ye Jin; Park, Sung Hyuk

2018-03-01

Effects of initial twins on dynamic torsional properties of extruded AZ31 alloy were investigated by introducing {10-12} twins into it through precompression to 3 and 6% strains along the extrusion direction and performing torsional testing at a strain rate of 1.4 × 103 s-1 using a torsional Kolsky bar system. The as-extruded sample without twins showed higher dynamic torsional properties than the precompressed samples with many initial twins; the maximum shear strength and fracture shear strain decreased with increasing amount of initial twins. In the as-extruded sample, twinning occurred vigorously throughout the gage section of the tubular specimen during high-strain-rate torsional tests, resulting in heavily deformed morphology, many macrocracks, and rough fractured surfaces. The increased amount of initial twins suppressed the twinning behavior and localized the applied torsional deformation; this resulted in an almost unchanged sample shape, no secondary cracks, and a flat fracture plane, thereby deteriorating the dynamic torsional properties of the extruded alloy.

Cumulative Axial and Torsional Fatigue: An Investigation of Load-Type Sequencing Effects

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kalluri, Sreeramesh; Bonacuse, Peter J.

2000-01-01

Cumulative fatigue behavior of a wrought cobalt-base superalloy, Haynes 188 was investigated at 538 C under various single-step sequences of axial and torsional loading conditions. Initially, fully-reversed, axial and torsional fatigue tests were conducted under strain control at 538 C on thin-walled tubular specimens to establish baseline fatigue life relationships. Subsequently, four sequences (axial/axial, torsional/torsional, axial/torsional, and torsional/axial) of two load-level fatigue tests were conducted to characterize both the load-order (high/low) and load-type sequencing effects. For the two load-level tests, summations of life fractions and the remaining fatigue lives at the second load-level were computed by the Miner's Linear Damage Rule (LDR) and a nonlinear Damage Curve Approach (DCA). In general, for all four cases predictions by LDR were unconservative. Predictions by the DCA were within a factor of two of the experimentally observed fatigue lives for a majority of the cumulative axial and torsional fatigue tests.

Insights into the Development and Evolution of Exaggerated Traits Using De Novo Transcriptomes of Two Species of Horned Scarab Beetles

PubMed Central

Warren, Ian A.; Vera, J. Cristobal; Johns, Annika; Zinna, Robert; Marden, James H.; Emlen, Douglas J.; Dworkin, Ian; Lavine, Laura C.

2014-01-01

Scarab beetles exhibit an astonishing variety of rigid exo-skeletal outgrowths, known as “horns”. These traits are often sexually dimorphic and vary dramatically across species in size, shape, location, and allometry with body size. In many species, the horn exhibits disproportionate growth resulting in an exaggerated allometric relationship with body size, as compared to other traits, such as wings, that grow proportionately with body size. Depending on the species, the smallest males either do not produce a horn at all, or they produce a disproportionately small horn for their body size. While the diversity of horn shapes and their behavioural ecology have been reasonably well studied, we know far less about the proximate mechanisms that regulate horn growth. Thus, using 454 pyrosequencing, we generated transcriptome profiles, during horn growth and development, in two different scarab beetle species: the Asian rhinoceros beetle, Trypoxylus dichotomus, and the dung beetle, Onthophagus nigriventris. We obtained over half a million reads for each species that were assembled into over 6,000 and 16,000 contigs respectively. We combined these data with previously published studies to look for signatures of molecular evolution. We found a small subset of genes with horn-biased expression showing evidence for recent positive selection, as is expected with sexual selection on horn size. We also found evidence of relaxed selection present in genes that demonstrated biased expression between horned and horn-less morphs, consistent with the theory of developmental decoupling of phenotypically plastic traits. PMID:24586317

78 FR 33326 - Big Horn County Resource Advisory Committee

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-04

... DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Forest Service Big Horn County Resource Advisory Committee AGENCY: Forest Service, USDA. ACTION: Notice of meeting. SUMMARY: The Big Horn County Resource Advisory Committee... will be held July 15, 2013 at 3:00 p.m. ADDRESSES: The meeting will be held at Big Horn County Weed and...

The vibrationally adiabatic torsional potential energy surface of trans-stilbene

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chowdary, Praveen D.; Martinez, Todd J.; Gruebele, Martin

2007-05-01

The effect of vibrational Zero Point Energy (ZPE) on the torsional barriers of trans-stilbene is studied in the adiabatic approximation. The two torsional modes corresponding to phenyl rotation are explicitly separated, and the remaining modes are treated as normal coordinates. ZPE reduces the adiabatic barrier along the in-phase torsion from 198 to 13 cm -1. A one-dimensional adiabatic potential for the anti-phase torsion, including the ZPE of the in-phase torsion, reduces the adiabatic barrier from 260 to 58 cm -1. Comparison with recent electronic structure benchmark calculations suggests that vibrational corrections play a significant role in trans-stilbene's experimentally observed planar structure.

Should Torsion Balance Technique Continue to be Taught to Pharmacy Students?

PubMed

Bilger, Rhonda; Chereson, Rasma; Salama, Noha Nabil

2017-06-01

Objective. To determine the types of balances used in compounding pharmacies: torsion or digital. Methods. A survey was mailed to the pharmacist-in-charge at 698 pharmacies, representing 47% of the pharmacies in Missouri as of July 2013. The pharmacies were randomly selected and stratified by region into eight regions to ensure a representative sample. Information was gathered regarding the type and use of balances and pharmacists' perspectives on the need to teach torsion balance technique to pharmacy students. Results. The response rate for the survey was 53.3%. Out of the total responses received, those pharmacies having a torsion balance, digital balance or both were 46.8%, 27.4% and 11.8%, respectively. About 68.3% of respondents compound prescriptions. The study showed that 52% of compounding pharmacies use torsion balances in their practice. Of those with a balance in their pharmacy, 65.6% favored continuation of torsion balance instruction. Conclusions. Digital balances have become increasingly popular and have replaced torsion balances in some pharmacies, especially those that compound a significant number of prescriptions. The results of this study indicate that torsion balances remain integral to compounding practice. Therefore, students should continue being taught torsion balance technique at the college.

Should Torsion Balance Technique Continue to be Taught to Pharmacy Students?

PubMed Central

Bilger, Rhonda; Chereson, Rasma

2017-01-01

Objective. To determine the types of balances used in compounding pharmacies: torsion or digital. Methods. A survey was mailed to the pharmacist-in-charge at 698 pharmacies, representing 47% of the pharmacies in Missouri as of July 2013. The pharmacies were randomly selected and stratified by region into eight regions to ensure a representative sample. Information was gathered regarding the type and use of balances and pharmacists’ perspectives on the need to teach torsion balance technique to pharmacy students. Results. The response rate for the survey was 53.3%. Out of the total responses received, those pharmacies having a torsion balance, digital balance or both were 46.8%, 27.4% and 11.8%, respectively. About 68.3% of respondents compound prescriptions. The study showed that 52% of compounding pharmacies use torsion balances in their practice. Of those with a balance in their pharmacy, 65.6% favored continuation of torsion balance instruction. Conclusions. Digital balances have become increasingly popular and have replaced torsion balances in some pharmacies, especially those that compound a significant number of prescriptions. The results of this study indicate that torsion balances remain integral to compounding practice. Therefore, students should continue being taught torsion balance technique at the college. PMID:28720913

Improving Tensile and Compressive Properties of an Extruded AZ91 Rod by the Combined Use of Torsion Deformation and Aging Treatment

PubMed Central

Song, Bo; Wang, Chunpeng; Guo, Ning; Pan, Hucheng; Xin, Renlong

2017-01-01

In this study, AZ91 magnesium alloy rods were used to investigate the effects of torsion deformation on microstructure and subsequent aging behavior. Extruded AZ91 rod has a uniform microstructure and typical fiber texture. Torsion deformation can generate a gradient microstructure on the cross-section of the rod. After torsion, from the center to the edge in the cross-section of the rod, both stored dislocations and area fraction of {10-12} twins gradually increase, and the basal pole of the texture tends to rotate in the ED direction. Direct aging usually generates coarse discontinuous precipitates and fine continuous precipitates simultaneously. Both twin structures and dislocations via torsion deformation can be effective microstructures for the nucleation of continuous precipitates during subsequent aging. Thus, aging after torsion can promote continuous precipitation and generate gradient precipitation characteristics. Both aging treatment and torsion deformation can reduce yield asymmetry, and torsion deformation enhances the aging hardening effect by promoting continuous precipitation. Therefore, combined use of torsion deformation and aging treatment can effectively enhance the yield strength and almost eliminate the yield asymmetry of the present extruded AZ91 rod. Finally, the relevant mechanisms are discussed. PMID:28772638

Faraday Rotation and Primordial Magnetic Fields Constraints on Ultraviolet Lorentz Violation with Spacetime Torsion

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

de Andrade, L. C. Garcia

Recently Kahniashvili et al.9 presented a unified treatment for ultraviolet Lorentz violation (LV) testing through electromagnetic wave propagation in magnetized plasmas, based on dispersion and rotation measured data. Based on the fact discovered recently by Kostelecky et al., 3 that LV may place constraints on spacetime torsion, in this paper it is shown that on the limit of very low frequency torsion waves, it is possible to constraint torsion from Faraday rotation and CMB on a similar fashion as Minkowski spacetime plus torsion. Here, the Maxwells modified equations are obtained by a perturbative method introduced by de Sabbata and Gasperini [Introduction to Gravitation (World Scientific, 1980)]. Torsion is constraint to QCMB≈10-18 GeV which is not so stringent as the 10-31 GeV obtained by Kostelecky et al. However, Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) may lead to the more string value obtained by Kostelecky et al.Another interesting constraint on torsion is shown to be placed by galactic dynamo seed magnetic fields. For torsion effects be compatible with the galactic dynamo seeds, one obtains a torsion constraint of 10-33 GeV which is two orders of magnitude more stringent that the above Kostelecky et al. limit.

[Correlation analysis on the disorders of patella-femoral joint and torsional deformity of tibia].

PubMed

Sun, Zhen-Jie; Yuan, Yi; Liu, Rui-Bo

2015-03-01

To reveal the possible mechanism involved in patella-femoral degenerative arthritis (PFDA) in- duced by torsion-deformity of tibia via analyzing the relationship between torsion-deformity of the tibia in patients with PFDA and the disorder of patella-femoral joint under the static and dynamic conditions. From October 2009 to October 2010, 50 patients (86 knees, 24 knees of male patients and 62 knees of female patients) with PFDA were classified as disease group and 16 people (23 knees, 7 knees of males and 16 knees of females) in the control group. The follow indexes were measured: the torsion-angle of tibia on CT scanning imagings, the patella-femoral congruence angle and lateral patella-femoral angle under static and dynamic conditions when the knee bent at 30 degrees of flexion. Based on the measurement results, the relationship between the torsion-deformity of tibias and the disorders of patella-femoral joints in patients with PFDA were analyzed. Finally,the patients were divided into three groups including large torsion-angle group, small torsion-angle group and normal group according to the size of torsion-angle, in order to analyze the relationship between torsion-deformity and disorders of patella-femoral joint, especially under the dynamic conditions. Compared with patients without PFDA, the ones with PFDA had bigger torsion-angle (30.30 ± 7.11)° of tibia, larger patella-femoral congruence angle (13.20 ± 3.94)° and smaller lateral patella-femoral angle (12.30 ± 3.04)°. The congruence angle and lateral patella-femoral angle under static and dynamic conditions had statistical differences respectively in both too-big torsion-angle group and too-small torsion-angle group. The congruence angle and lateral patella-femoral angle under static and dynamic conditions had no statistical differences in normal torsion-angle group. Torsion-deformity of tibia is the main reason for disorder of patella-femoral joint in the patients with PFDA. Torsion-deformity of tibia is always accompanied by instability of patella-femoral joint,especially under the dynamic condition, thus causing PFDA. It can not only provide arrangement information and degenerative condition of patella-femoral joint,but also provide guidance through the analysis on the relationship for better clinical prevention and early treatment of degenerative bone and joint disease.

Carboplatin and Paclitaxel With or Without Cisplatin and Radiation Therapy in Treating Patients With Stage I, Stage II, Stage III, or Stage IVA Endometrial Cancer

ClinicalTrials.gov

2018-01-09

Endometrial Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma; Endometrial Serous Adenocarcinoma; Stage IA Uterine Corpus Cancer; Stage IB Uterine Corpus Cancer; Stage II Uterine Corpus Cancer; Stage IIIA Uterine Corpus Cancer; Stage IIIB Uterine Corpus Cancer; Stage IIIC Uterine Corpus Cancer; Stage IVA Uterine Corpus Cancer

Medroxyprogesterone in Treating Patients With Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma of the Uterine Corpus

ClinicalTrials.gov

2016-03-17

Endometrial Adenocarcinoma; Endometrial Adenosquamous Carcinoma; Endometrial Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma, Variant With Squamous Differentiation; Recurrent Uterine Corpus Carcinoma; Stage I Uterine Corpus Cancer; Stage II Uterine Corpus Cancer; Stage III Uterine Corpus Cancer; Stage IV Uterine Corpus Cancer

The accuracy of serum interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor as markers for ovarian torsion.

PubMed

Cohen, S B; Wattiez, A; Stockheim, D; Seidman, D S; Lidor, A L; Mashiach, S; Goldenberg, M

2001-10-01

The aim of this study was to investigate a possible role for interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) as pre-operative markers for the diagnosis of ovarian torsion. Twenty consecutive patients admitted to the gynaecological emergency room with suspected clinical diagnosis of ovarian torsion were prospectively assigned to the study. Blood samples were drawn pre-operatively and examined for serum concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-alpha. Surgeons were blinded to laboratory results prior to laparoscopy. The pre-operative diagnosis of ovarian torsion was confirmed during an urgent diagnostic laparoscopy in 8 (40%) patients. The surgical diagnosis among the remaining 12 patients was a large ovarian cyst not in torsion. In six out of eight (75.0%) patients with ovarian torsion serum IL-6 concentrations were elevated. None of the 12 patients without torsion had elevated serum IL-6 concentrations. This difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the proportion of women with elevated serum TNF-alpha concentrations, two of eight (25.0%) patients with torsion and four of 12 (33.3%) control cases. Elevated serum IL-6 concentrations, but not serum TNF-alpha concentrations, were significantly associated with the occurrence of ovarian torsion. In patients with vague clinical signs of ovarian torsion, serum IL-6 might help to distinguish which patients should undergo diagnostic laparoscopy.

Unilateral intrauterine horn insemination of fresh semen in cats.

PubMed

Tsutsui, T; Tanaka, A; Takagi, Y; Nakagawa, K; Fujimoto, Y; Murai, M; Anzai, M; Hori, T

2000-12-01

The sperm count required were investigated to obtain a conception rate of 80% by unilateral intrauterine insemination (UIUI) of fresh semen in cats. The conception rates obtained by insemination before and after ovulation were also examined. Thirty-six female cats aged 1-7 years were used in the experiments, and the number of experimental cases was 44. Seven male cats aged 2-12 years from which semen could be collected by the artificial vagina method were used. In artificial insemination, 100 iu x 2 or 250 iu of hCG was administered on days 2-4 of estrus, and sperm were introduced into the uterine horn with a greater number of ovulations (or mature follicles) 15, 20 and 30 hr after hCG administration by laparotomy. The inseminated sperm counts were 2 x 10(6) (Exp. 1). 4 x 10(6) (Exp. 2), and 8 x 10(6) (Exp. 3). As a result, ovulation was induced in 42 of 44 cases (induction rate: 95.5%) regardless of the dosage of hCG. Conception was obtained by UIUI in two of 16 animals (conception rate: 12.5%) in the Exp. 1, five of 16 animals (31.3%) in Exp. 2, and eight of 10 animals (80.0%) in Exp. 3. Regarding the relationship between the ovulation state at insemination and conception, the conception rate obtained by insemination before ovulation was clearly higher than that obtained by insemination after ovulation (p<0.05). Regarding the number of kits compared to the number of ovulations on the inseminated side, the percentages of cases in which the number of kits exceeded the number of ovulations on the inseminated side were similar in all groups inseminated with a different number of sperm. It is therefore necessary to investigate conception rates obtained by bilateral insemination to increase the fertility rate. Based on the above findings, it was shown that the sperm count required for fertilization by UIUI is 8 x 10(6).

Reduction of Off-Boresight Fields for a TEM Horn Antenna

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-12-01

model predicts the tapers will reduce the diffraction. Experimental results verify the TPS’s ability to reduce the peak off-hureslht ld& for a. TElL horn...diffractin. Experimental results verify the PS’s ability to reduce the fields foi a T14 horn anitnna xi Reduction of Off-Boresight Fields for a TEM Horn...geometry, has a constant amplitude response. Two simple models repiesent a TEM horn - a high frequency model and a low frequency model [5). At high

[Twin pregnancy in a unicornuate uterus with a rudimentary horn].

PubMed

Ejnès, L; Desprez, B; Bongain, A; Gillet, J Y

2003-01-01

We describe the case of a rudimentary horn pregnancy coexistent with an intrauterine pregnancy. This situation is usually associated with rupture of the rudimentary horn and death of the correspondent twin. This is the first report on a multiple gestation with the two siblings successfully delivered by caesarean section in the two horns of a unicornuate uterus with rudimentary horn before any complication. Since the maternal mortality is higher in this situation, early ultrasound diagnosis is important to make the right decisions.

Newton-Cartan gravity and torsion

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bergshoeff, Eric; Chatzistavrakidis, Athanasios; Romano, Luca; Rosseel, Jan

2017-10-01

We compare the gauging of the Bargmann algebra, for the case of arbitrary torsion, with the result that one obtains from a null-reduction of General Relativity. Whereas the two procedures lead to the same result for Newton-Cartan geometry with arbitrary torsion, the null-reduction of the Einstein equations necessarily leads to Newton-Cartan gravity with zero torsion. We show, for three space-time dimensions, how Newton-Cartan gravity with arbitrary torsion can be obtained by starting from a Schrödinger field theory with dynamical exponent z = 2 for a complex compensating scalar and next coupling this field theory to a z = 2 Schrödinger geometry with arbitrary torsion. The latter theory can be obtained from either a gauging of the Schrödinger algebra, for arbitrary torsion, or from a null-reduction of conformal gravity.

Further studies of stall flutter and nonlinear divergence of two-dimensional wings

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dugundji, J.; Chopra, I.

1975-01-01

An experimental investigation is made of the purely torsional stall flutter of a two-dimensional wing pivoted about the midchord, and also of the bending-torsion stall flutter of a two-dimensional wing pivoted about the quarterchord. For the purely torsional flutter case, large amplitude limit cycles ranging from + or - 11 to + or - 160 degrees were observed. Nondimensional harmonic coefficients were extracted from the free transient vibration tests for amplitudes up to 80 degrees. Reasonable nondimensional correlation was obtained for several wing configurations. For the bending-torsion flutter case, large amplitude coupled limit cycles were observed with torsional amplitudes as large as + or - 40 degrees. The torsion amplitudes first increased, then decreased with increasing velocity. Additionally, a small amplitude, predominantly torsional flutter was observed when the static equilibrium angle was near the stall angle.

Doxorubicin Hydrochloride, Cisplatin, and Paclitaxel or Carboplatin and Paclitaxel in Treating Patients With Stage III-IV or Recurrent Endometrial Cancer

ClinicalTrials.gov

2018-03-23

Recurrent Uterine Corpus Carcinoma; Stage IIIA Uterine Corpus Cancer; Stage IIIB Uterine Corpus Cancer; Stage IIIC Uterine Corpus Cancer; Stage IVA Uterine Corpus Cancer; Stage IVB Uterine Corpus Cancer

Rat disc torsional mechanics: effect of lumbar and caudal levels and axial compression load.

PubMed

Espinoza Orías, Alejandro A; Malhotra, Neil R; Elliott, Dawn M

2009-03-01

Rat models with altered loading are used to study disc degeneration and mechano-transduction. Given the prominent role of mechanics in disc function and degeneration, it is critical to measure mechanical behavior to evaluate changes after model interventions. Axial compression mechanics of the rat disc are representative of the human disc when normalized by geometry, and differences between the lumbar and caudal disc have been quantified in axial compression. No study has quantified rat disc torsional mechanics. Compare the torsional mechanical behavior of rat lumbar and caudal discs, determine the contribution of combined axial load on torsional mechanics, and compare the torsional properties of rat discs to human lumbar discs. Cadaveric biomechanical study. Cyclic torsion without compressive load followed by cyclic torsion with a fixed compressive load was applied to rat lumbar and caudal disc levels. The apparent torsional modulus was higher in the lumbar region than in the caudal region: 0.081+/-0.026 (MPa/degrees, mean+/-SD) for lumbar axially loaded; 0.066+/-0.028 for caudal axially loaded; 0.091+/-0.033 for lumbar in pure torsion; and 0.056+/-0.035 for caudal in pure torsion. These values were similar to human disc properties reported in the literature ranging from 0.024 to 0.21 MPa/degrees. Use of the caudal disc as a model may be appropriate if the mechanical focus is within the linear region of the loading regime. These results provide support for use of this animal model in basic science studies with respect to torsional mechanics.

Ozil IP torsional mode versus combined torsional/longitudinal microcoaxial phacoemulsification.

PubMed

Helvacioglu, Firat; Tunc, Zeki; Yeter, Celal; Oguzhan, Hasan; Sencan, Sadik

2012-01-01

To compare the safety and efficacy of microcoaxial phacoemulsification surgeries performed with the Ozil Intelligent Phaco (IP) torsional mode and combined torsional/longitudinal ultrasound (US) mode using the Infiniti Vision System (Alcon Laboratories). In this prospective randomized comparative study, 60 eyes were assigned to 2.2-mm microcoaxial phacoemulsification using the Ozil IP torsional mode (group 1) or combined torsional/longitudinal US mode (group 2). The primary outcome measures were US time (UST), cumulative dissipated energy (CDE), longitudinal and torsional ultrasound amplitudes, mean operation time, mean volume of balanced salt solution (BSS) used, and surgical complications. Both groups included 30 eyes. Mean UST, CDE, and longitudinal and torsional ultrasound amplitudes in group 1 were 1 minute 15±34.33 seconds, 8.74±5.64, 0.43±0.74, and 25.56±8.56, respectively, and these parameters in group 2 were 1 minute 40±51.44 seconds, 9.28±5.99, 3.64±1.55, and 3.71±1.34, respectively. UST and longitudinal amplitudes were found to be significantly low in group 1 (p<0.001, p<0.001), whereas torsional amplitude was found to be significantly high in this group (p=0.001). Mean volumes of BSS used in groups 1 and 2 were 63.30±18.00 cc and 84.50±28.65 cc, respectively (p=0.001). The Ozil IP torsional mode may provide more effective lens removal than the combined torsional/longitudinal US mode with a lower UST and volume of BSS used.

Torsional ARC Effectively Expands the Visual Field in Hemianopia

PubMed Central

Satgunam, PremNandhini; Peli, Eli

2012-01-01

Purpose Exotropia in congenital homonymous hemianopia has been reported to provide field expansion that is more useful when accompanied with harmonios anomalous retinal correspondence (HARC). Torsional strabismus with HARC provides a similar functional advantage. In a subject with hemianopia demonstrating a field expansion consistent with torsion we documented torsional strabismus and torsional HARC. Methods Monocular visual fields under binocular fixation conditions were plotted using a custom dichoptic visual field perimeter (DVF). The DVF was also modified to measure perceived visual directions under dissociated and associated conditions across the central 50° diameter field. The field expansion and retinal correspondence of a subject with torsional strabismus (along with exotropia and right hypertropia) with congenital homonymous hemianopia was compared to that of another exotropic subject with acquired homonymous hemianopia without torsion and to a control subject with minimal phoria. Torsional rotations of the eyes were calculated from fundus photographs and perimetry. Results Torsional ARC documented in the subject with congenital homonymous hemianopia provided a functional binocular field expansion up to 18°. Normal retinal correspondence was mapped for the full 50° visual field in the control subject and for the seeing field of the acquired homonymous hemianopia subject, limiting the functional field expansion benefit. Conclusions Torsional strabismus with ARC, when occurring with homonymous hemianopia provides useful field expansion in the lower and upper fields. Dichoptic perimetry permits documentation of ocular alignment (lateral, vertical and torsional) and perceived visual direction under binocular and monocular viewing conditions. Evaluating patients with congenital or early strabismus for HARC is useful when considering surgical correction, particularly in the presence of congenital homonymous hemianopia. PMID:22885782

Acoustic transducer apparatus with reduced thermal conduction

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lierke, Ernst G. (Inventor); Leung, Emily W. (Inventor); Bhat, Balakrishna T. (Inventor)

1990-01-01

A horn is described for transmitting sound from a transducer to a heated chamber containing an object which is levitated by acoustic energy while it is heated to a molten state, which minimizes heat transfer to thereby minimize heating of the transducer, minimize temperature variation in the chamber, and minimize loss of heat from the chamber. The forward portion of the horn, which is the portion closest to the chamber, has holes that reduce its cross-sectional area to minimize the conduction of heat along the length of the horn, with the entire front portion of the horn being rigid and having an even front face to efficiently transfer high frequency acoustic energy to fluid in the chamber. In one arrangement, the horn has numerous rows of holes extending perpendicular to the length of horn, with alternate rows extending perpendicular to one another to form a sinuous path for the conduction of heat along the length of the horn.

Analysis of a disk-on-rod surface wave element inside a corrugated horn using the mode-matching technique

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chen, J. C.

1995-01-01

A disk-on-rod inside a corrugated horn is one of the horn configurations for dual-frequency or wide-band operation. A mode-matching analysis method is described. A disk-on-rod inside a corrugated horn is represented as a series of coaxial waveguide sections and circular waveguide sections connected to each other. Three kinds of junctions need to be considered: coaxial-to-coaxial, coaxial-to-circular, and circular-to-circular. A computer program was developed to calculate the scattering matrix and the radiation pattern of a disk-on-rod inside a corrugated horn. The software as verified by experiment, and good agreement between calculation and measurement was obtained. The disk-on-rod inside a corrugated horn design gives an option to the Deep Space Network dual-frequency operation system, which currently is a two-horn/one-dichroic plate system.

Millimeter-wave integrated-horn antennas. I - Theory. II - Experiment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Eleftheriades, George V.; Ali-Ahmad, Walid Y.; Katehi, Linda P. B.; Rebeiz, Gabriel M.

1991-01-01

Full-wave analysis is employed to determine the far-field pattern and input impedance of a dipole-fed horn antenna in a ground plane, and the theoretical results are compared with mm-wave and microwave data. The theoretical work exploits the Green's function corresponding to the horn structure and the method of moments. It is determined that the horn should have 70 sections/wavelength and 50 secondary modes for optimized accuracy, and certain dipole positions can reduce the resonance to zero. The experimentally derived impedance and radiation patterns agree with the constraints developed theoretically. The 70-degree flare-angle horn with selected dipole positions and horn apertures yields good radiation patterns, cross-polarization levels, and resonant dipole impedances. The conclusions are of interest to the development of the horn antennas etched in Si/GaAs for applications to zero-visibility tracking, radio astronomy, plasma diagnostics, and remote sensing.

Short Course Vaginal Cuff Brachytherapy in Treating Patients With Stage I-II Endometrial Cancer

ClinicalTrials.gov

2018-04-17

Endometrial Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma; Endometrial Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma; Endometrial Serous Adenocarcinoma; Stage I Uterine Corpus Cancer; Stage IA Uterine Corpus Cancer; Stage IB Uterine Corpus Cancer; Stage II Uterine Corpus Cancer; Uterine Corpus Carcinosarcoma; Uterine Corpus Sarcoma

Paclitaxel and Carboplatin With or Without Metformin Hydrochloride in Treating Patients With Stage III, IV, or Recurrent Endometrial Cancer

ClinicalTrials.gov

2018-03-07

Endometrial Adenocarcinoma; Endometrial Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma; Endometrial Serous Adenocarcinoma; Endometrial Undifferentiated Carcinoma; Recurrent Uterine Corpus Carcinoma; Stage III Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IIIA Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IIIB Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IIIC Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IV Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IVA Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IVB Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v7

9 CFR 95.12 - Bones, horns, and hoofs; importations permitted subject to restrictions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Bones, horns, and hoofs; importations... ENTRY INTO THE UNITED STATES § 95.12 Bones, horns, and hoofs; importations permitted subject to restrictions. Bones, horns, and hoofs offered for importation which do not meet the conditions or requirements...

9 CFR 95.12 - Bones, horns, and hoofs; importations permitted subject to restrictions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Bones, horns, and hoofs; importations... ENTRY INTO THE UNITED STATES § 95.12 Bones, horns, and hoofs; importations permitted subject to restrictions. Bones, horns, and hoofs offered for importation which do not meet the conditions or requirements...

9 CFR 95.12 - Bones, horns, and hoofs; importations permitted subject to restrictions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Bones, horns, and hoofs; importations... ENTRY INTO THE UNITED STATES § 95.12 Bones, horns, and hoofs; importations permitted subject to restrictions. Bones, horns, and hoofs offered for importation which do not meet the conditions or requirements...

9 CFR 95.12 - Bones, horns, and hoofs; importations permitted subject to restrictions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Bones, horns, and hoofs; importations... ENTRY INTO THE UNITED STATES § 95.12 Bones, horns, and hoofs; importations permitted subject to restrictions. Bones, horns, and hoofs offered for importation which do not meet the conditions or requirements...

9 CFR 95.12 - Bones, horns, and hoofs; importations permitted subject to restrictions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Bones, horns, and hoofs; importations... ENTRY INTO THE UNITED STATES § 95.12 Bones, horns, and hoofs; importations permitted subject to restrictions. Bones, horns, and hoofs offered for importation which do not meet the conditions or requirements...

Microstructure and mechanical properties of sheep horn.

PubMed

Zhu, Bing; Zhang, Ming; Zhao, Jian

2016-07-01

The sheep horn presents outstanding mechanical properties of impact resistance and energy absorption, which suits the need of the vehicle bumper design, but the mechanism behind this phenomenon is less investigated. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the sheep horn of Small Tailed Han Sheep (Ovis aries) living in northeast China were investigated in this article. The effect of sampling position and orientation of the sheep horn sheath on mechanical properties were researched by tensile and compression tests. Meanwhile, the surface morphology and microstructure of the sheep horn were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The formation mechanism of the mechanical properties of the sheep horn was investigated by biological coupling analysis. The analytical results indicated that the outstanding mechanical properties of the sheep horn are determined by configuration, structure, surface morphology and material coupling elements. These biological coupling elements make the sheep horn possess super characteristics of crashworthiness and energy absorption through the internal coupling mechanism. We suppose that these findings would make a difference in vehicle bumper design. Microsc. Res. Tech. 79:664-674, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Economic principles in communication: an experimental study.

PubMed

De Jaegher, Kris; Rosenkranz, Stephanie; Weitzel, Utz

2014-12-21

This paper experimentally investigates how economic principles affect communication. In a simple sender-receiver game with common interests over payoffs, the sender can send a signal without a pre-given meaning in an infrequent or frequent state of the world. When the signal is costly, several theories (focal point theory, the intuitive criterion, evolutionary game theory) predict an efficient separating equilibrium, where the signal is sent in the infrequent state of the world (also referred to as Horn׳s rule). To analyze whether Horn׳s rule applies, and if so, which theory best explains it, we develop and test variants of the sender-receiver game where the theories generate discriminatory hypotheses. In costly signaling variants, our participants follow Horn׳s rule most of the time, in a manner that is best explained by focal point theory. In costless signaling variants, evolutionary game theory best explains our results. Here participants coordinate significantly more (less) often on a separating equilibrium where the signal is sent in the frequent state if they are primed to associate the absence of a signal with the infrequent (frequent) state of the world. We also find indications that a similar priming effect applies to costly signals. Thus, while the frequency with which participants follow Horn׳s rule in costly signaling variants is best explained by Horn׳s rule, the priming effect shows that some of our participants׳ behavior is best explained by evolutionary game theory even when signals are costly. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Transcription profiling provides insights into gene pathways involved in horn and scurs development in cattle

PubMed Central

2010-01-01

Background Two types of horns are evident in cattle - fixed horns attached to the skull and a variation called scurs, which refers to small loosely attached horns. Cattle lacking horns are referred to as polled. Although both the Poll and Scurs loci have been mapped to BTA1 and 19 respectively, the underlying genetic basis of these phenotypes is unknown, and so far, no candidate genes regulating these developmental processes have been described. This study is the first reported attempt at transcript profiling to identify genes and pathways contributing to horn and scurs development in Brahman cattle, relative to polled counterparts. Results Expression patterns in polled, horned and scurs tissues were obtained using the Agilent 44 k bovine array. The most notable feature when comparing transcriptional profiles of developing horn tissues against polled was the down regulation of genes coding for elements of the cadherin junction as well as those involved in epidermal development. We hypothesize this as a key event involved in keratinocyte migration and subsequent horn development. In the polled-scurs comparison, the most prevalent differentially expressed transcripts code for genes involved in extracellular matrix remodelling, which were up regulated in scurs tissues relative to polled. Conclusion For this first time we describe networks of genes involved in horn and scurs development. Interestingly, we did not observe differential expression in any of the genes present on the fine mapped region of BTA1 known to contain the Poll locus. PMID:20537189

Optically probing torsional superelasticity in spider silks

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kumar, Bhupesh; Thakur, Ashish; Panda, Biswajit

2013-11-11

We investigate torsion mechanics of various spider silks using a sensitive optical technique. We find that spider silks are torsionally superelastic in that they can reversibly withstand great torsion strains of over 10{sup 2−3} rotations per cm before failure. Among various silks from a spider, we find the failure twist-strain is greatest in the sticky capture silk followed by dragline and egg-case silk. Our in situ laser-diffraction measurements reveal that torsional strains on the silks induce a nano-scale transverse compression in its diameter that is linear and reversible. These unique torsional properties of the silks could find applications in silk-basedmore » materials and devices.« less

[Transgenerational transmission of bovine satellite DNA in transgenic mice].

PubMed

Slominskaia, N A; Suchkova, I O; Klinskaia, T A; Zabezhinskaia, M A; Patkin, E L

2006-01-01

Genetical, cytogenetical and molecular analysis was made for 5 generations of mice transgenic for bovine satellite DNA (Sat). In all cases transgenic mice were generated by crosses of transgenic males and females with normal (CBA x C57B1) mice. No abnormalities in the founder development were noticed. A normal (near 50 %) ratio of transgenic and nontransgenic offsprings was observed in blastocysts. However, profound differences occurred in the rate of transgene bearing offsprings, depending on the sex of grandparents rather than of parents. The grandfather Sat transmission resulted in the appearance of 0-52.4 % transgenic grandchildren, whereas the grandmother transmission ended in the theoretically expected rate. This means that stabilization of transsatellite took place upon the female germ line transmission (a positive grandmother effect). It is essential that in hemizygous transsatellite mice Sat integration led to the occurrence of mammary tumors, inflammation of uterine horns, and infringement of mother care of transgenic females. Simultaneous FISH and G-banding showed Sat to be localized in the internal region of chromosome 12 near Pax 9 and Brms 11 genes. Commonly, these genes are implicated in tumorigenesis as their expression decreases. Thus, a kind of silencing effect of these genes' expression may be supposed.

Maternal fructose and/or salt intake and reproductive outcome in the rat: effects on growth, fertility, sex ratio, and birth order.

PubMed

Gray, Clint; Long, Sophie; Green, Charlotte; Gardiner, Sheila M; Craigon, Jim; Gardner, David S

2013-09-01

Maternal diet can significantly skew the secondary sex ratio away from the expected value of 0.5 (proportion males), but the details of how diet may do this are unclear. Here, we altered dietary levels of salt (4% salt in the feed) and/or fructose (10% in the drinking water) of pregnant rats to model potential effects that consumption of a "Western diet" might have on maternofetal growth, development, and sex ratio. We demonstrate that excess fructose consumption before and during pregnancy lead to a marked skew in the secondary sex ratio (proportion of males, 0.60; P < 0.006). The effect was not mediated by selective developmental arrest of female embryos or influenced by fetal position in the uterine horn or sex-specific effects on sperm motility, suggesting a direct effect of glycolyzable monosaccharide on the maternal ovary and/or ovulated oocyte. Furthermore, combined excess maternal consumption of salt and fructose-sweetened beverage significantly reduced fertility, reflected as a 50% reduction in preimplantation and term litter size. In addition, we also noted birth order effects in the rat, with sequential implantation sites tending to be occupied by the same sex.

Vaginal rupture and evisceration in a dog.

PubMed

Prassinos, Nikitas N; Adamama-Moraitou, Katerina K; Ververidis, Haralabos N; Anagnostou, Tilemachos L; Kladakis, Stefanos E

2010-09-01

A 1.5-year-old German Shepherd mixed breed dog was admitted with mild haemorrhage from the vulva and a perineal mass of 24-hour duration, which had been first observed immediately after parturition. Parturition had occurred at low ambient temperature, and only one puppy survived out of the seven oversized fetuses. The dog was in poor body condition, dehydrated, hypothermic, depressed, non-ambulatory and in a state of shock. Intestinal loops, the urinary bladder and the uterine horns and body were protruding from the vulva. A true vaginal prolapse was also observed. The abdominal viscera were flushed with warm sterile saline solution, protected and maintained wet. The laboratory findings included moderate anaemia, leukocytosis, hypoalbuminaemia, azotaemia and elevated liver enzyme activities. Stabilisation of the dog's general condition was attempted before surgery. Antimicrobial and analgesic drugs were also administered. After exploratory laparotomy the protruding organs, which were in good condition, were reduced. A recent rupture in the vaginal wall, approximately 6 cm long, was observed. Ovariohysterectomy and partial vaginectomy were performed. The preoperative course of therapy was continued, but the bitch died 12 hours later. The probable cause of vaginal rupture and evisceration in this bitch was tenesmus and/or trauma due to the oversized fetuses.

Treatment of cornual pregnancy in a patient with adenomyosis by high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation: A case report.

PubMed

Yu, Lixia; Xu, Linying; Xu, Xiaoyan

2017-12-01

Cornual ectopic pregnancy in adenomyosis patients is a rare clinical condition, which may require careful approach for accurate diagnosis and treatment. A 38-year-old woman presented with amenorrhea for 8 weeks and serum HCG levels of 1455 mmol/L. The B ultrasound showed an endometrial thickness of 1.7 cm, and the presence of a cystic structure (16 6 mm) at the right uterine horn. Color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) accurately detected and confirmed the position of the cystic structure with its clear boundaries. Cornual ectopic pregnancy in adenomyosis. The diagnosis was confirmed and treated by HIFU ablation. Total ablation was performed for 738 seconds without any bleeding. Serum HCG levels decreased to < 0.1 mmol/L after 60 days post operation, and follow-up for 11 months showed a regular menstrual cycle without dysmenorrhea. Gestational sac was not obvious at postoperative 90 days by MRI. The adenomyosis associated lesion with blood perfusion became smaller at postoperative 90 days. In this case, we successfully performed HIFU ablation and treated the cornual ectopic pregnancy in an adenomyosis patient for the first time, without any adverse complications.

Single-Port Surgery: Laboratory Experience with the daVinci Single-Site Platform

PubMed Central

Haber, Georges-Pascal; Kaouk, Jihad; Kroh, Matthew; Chalikonda, Sricharan; Falcone, Tommaso

2011-01-01

Background and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and validity of a dedicated da Vinci single-port platform in the porcine model in the performance of gynecologic surgery. Methods: This pilot study was conducted in 4 female pigs. All pigs had a general anesthetic and were placed in the supine and flank position. A 2-cm umbilical incision was made, through which a robotic single-port device was placed and pneumoperitoneum obtained. A data set was collected for each procedure and included port placement time, docking time, operative time, blood loss, and complications. Operative times were compared between cases and procedures by use of the Student t test. Results: A total of 28 surgical procedures (8 oophorectomies, 4 hysterectomies, 8 pelvic lymph node dissections, 4 aorto-caval nodal dissections, 2 bladder repairs, 1 uterine horn anastomosis, and 1 radical cystectomy) were performed. There was no statistically significant difference in operating times for symmetrical procedures among animals (P=0.3215). Conclusions: This animal study demonstrates that single-port robotic surgery using a dedicated single-site platform allows performing technically challenging procedures within acceptable operative times and without complications or insertion of additional trocars. PMID:21902962

Bilateral sertoli and interstitial cell tumours in abdominal testes of a goat with polled intersex syndrome (PIS).

PubMed

Canisso, I F; Coffee, L L; Ortved, K; Fubini, S L; Monteagudo, L V; Schlafer, D H; Gilbert, R O

2014-12-01

An 8-year-old, mixed breed, polled goat was presented for evaluation of male-like behaviour. Clinical findings included clitoromegaly, a heavily muscled neck, pronounced beard, and erect dorsal guard hairs, which are phenotypic characteristics commonly observed in intersex animals. Transrectal ultrasonography revealed the presence of two abdominal masses caudolateral to the uterine horns. Serum concentration of estradiol was elevated. Genetic evaluation was compatible with polled intersex syndrome defined by an XX karyotype without a Y chromosome or SRY gene. Based on gross and histologic evaluation, the abdominal masses were determined to be intra-abdominal testes, each of which was effaced by Sertoli cell and interstitial (Leydig) cell tumours. The Sertoli cell tumours (SCTs) represented two unique histologic patterns. Regardless of pattern, neoplastic Sertoli cells were consistently lipid laden and positive for vimentin. Interstitial cell tumours (ICTs) were negative for vimentin. Clinical and histopathologic findings suggest that prolonged exposure to steroids secreted by neoplastic Sertoli cells contributed to virilization. In addition, results from immunohistochemistry indicated that vimentin may be a valuable immunodiagnostic tool for differentiation between interstitial and Sertoli cell tumours in goats. © 2014 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.

Does Medial Meniscal Allograft Transplantation With the Bone-Plug Technique Restore the Anatomic Location of the Native Medial Meniscus?

PubMed

Kim, Nam-Ki; Bin, Seong-Il; Kim, Jong-Min; Lee, Chang-Rack

2015-12-01

Previous work has shown the importance of restoring the normal structure of the native meniscus with meniscal allograft transplantation. The purpose of this study was to compare the anatomic positions of the anterior horn and posterior horn between the preoperative medial meniscus and the postoperative meniscal allograft after medial meniscal allograft transplantation with the bone-plug technique. The hypothesis was that the bone-plug technique could restore the preoperative structure of the native medial meniscus. Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Between December 1999 and December 2013, a total of 59 patients (49 male, 10 female) underwent medial meniscal allograft transplantation by use of the bone-plug technique. The anatomic positions of both horns in the native medial meniscus and in the meniscal allograft were measured via MRI. The percentage reference method was used to measure the locations of both horns. On coronal MRI, the mean absolute distance of the posterior horn from the lateral border of the tibial plateau changed from 45.2 ± 3.3 to 48.1 ± 4.2 mm (P < .05), and the percentage distance of the posterior horn changed from 59.6% to 63.0% (P < .05). On sagittal MRI, the mean absolute distance of the posterior horn from the anterior reference point changed from 40.3 ± 3.0 to 42.0 ± 3.5 mm (P < .05), and the mean percentage distance of the posterior horn changed from 76.5% to 79.4% (P <.05). On coronal MRI, the mean absolute distance of the anterior horn from the lateral border of the tibial plateau changed from 41.3 ± 4.2 to 48.5 ± 5.6 mm (P < .05), and the mean percentage distance of the anterior horn changed from 54.5% to 63.8% (P < .05). On sagittal MRI, the mean absolute distance of the anterior horn from the anterior reference point changed from 5.5 ± 1.0 to 9.9 ± 2.9 mm (P < .05), and the mean percentage distance of the anterior horn changed from 10.6% to 19.0% (P < .05). Despite attempts to place the meniscal allograft in the same position as the native meniscus, the anatomic locations of both horns were shifted posteromedially compared with those of the native medial meniscus. There were significant differences, attributed to several limitations in the bone-plug technique, between the preoperative and postoperative values of both horns. However, the posterior horn showed a location change of <5 mm, on average, in both the coronal and sagittal planes, whereas the anterior horn showed a location change of ≥ 5 mm in the coronal plane but <5 mm in the sagittal plane. © 2015 The Author(s).

Torsional splittings in the diode laser slit-jet spectra of the ν6 fundamental of 1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane (HCFC-142b)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

di Lauro, Carlo; D'Amico, Giuseppe; Snels, Marcel

2009-04-01

High resolution infrared spectra (0.001 cm -1 FWHM) have been measured for mixtures of 1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane in Ne, expanded in a supersonic planar jet. The ν6 fundamental, infrared active with a dominant parallel transition moment, exhibits a remarkable splitting of about 0.035 cm -1 for both 35Cl and 37Cl isotopomers. Several mechanisms of interaction of ν6 with states with high torsional excitation are critically examined to explain the observed effect. It is concluded that the observed torsional splitting patterns can be explained in terms of a torsional Coriolis interaction between ν6 and a highly excited torsional mode, 6 ν18. A full numerical analysis, performed including a torsional Coriolis term in the Hamiltonian, shows that the interaction mechanism requires a torsional barrier height of about 1270 cm -1.

Nonminimal couplings, gravitational waves, and torsion in Horndeski's theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Barrientos, José; Cordonier-Tello, Fabrizio; Izaurieta, Fernando; Medina, Perla; Narbona, Daniela; Rodríguez, Eduardo; Valdivia, Omar

2017-10-01

The Horndeski Lagrangian brings together all possible interactions between gravity and a scalar field that yield second-order field equations in four-dimensional spacetime. As originally proposed, it only addresses phenomenology without torsion, which is a non-Riemannian feature of geometry. Since torsion can potentially affect interesting phenomena such as gravitational waves and early universe inflation, in this paper we allow torsion to exist and propagate within the Horndeski framework. To achieve this goal, we cast the Horndeski Lagrangian in Cartan's first-order formalism and introduce wave operators designed to act covariantly on p -form fields that carry Lorentz indices. We find that nonminimal couplings and second-order derivatives of the scalar field in the Lagrangian are indeed generic sources of torsion. Metric perturbations couple to the background torsion, and new torsional modes appear. These may be detected via gravitational waves but not through Yang-Mills gauge bosons.

Research on torsional vibration modelling and control of printing cylinder based on particle swarm optimization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Y. M.; Xu, W. C.; Wu, S. Q.; Chai, C. W.; Liu, X.; Wang, S. H.

2018-03-01

The torsional oscillation is the dominant vibration form for the impression cylinder of printing machine (printing cylinder for short), directly restricting the printing speed up and reducing the quality of the prints. In order to reduce torsional vibration, the active control method for the printing cylinder is obtained. Taking the excitation force and moment from the cylinder gap and gripper teeth open & closing cam mechanism as variable parameters, authors establish the dynamic mathematical model of torsional vibration for the printing cylinder. The torsional active control method is based on Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO) algorithm to optimize input parameters for the serve motor. Furthermore, the input torque of the printing cylinder is optimized, and then compared with the numerical simulation results. The conclusions are that torsional vibration active control based on PSO is an availability method to the torsional vibration of printing cylinder.

The structure of the cornified claw sheath in the domesticated cat (Felis catus): implications for the claw-shedding mechanism and the evolution of cornified digital end organs

PubMed Central

Homberger, Dominique G; Ham, Kyungmin; Ogunbakin, Tolulope; Bonin, Jonathan A; Hopkins, Brooke A; Osborn, Michelle L; Hossain, Imtiaz; Barnett, Heath A; Matthews, Kenneth L; Butler, Leslie G; Bragulla, Hermann H

2009-01-01

The morphology of cornified structures is notoriously difficult to analyse because of the extreme range of hardness of their component tissues. Hence, a correlative approach using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, three-dimensional reconstructions based on x-ray computed tomography data, and graphic modeling was applied to study the morphology of the cornified claw sheath of the domesticated cat as a model for cornified digital end organs. The highly complex architecture of the cornified claw sheath is generated by the living epidermis that is supported by the dermis and distal phalanx. The latter is characterized by an ossified unguicular hood, which overhangs the bony articular base and unguicular process of the distal phalanx and creates an unguicular recess. The dermis covers the complex surface of the bony distal phalanx but also creates special structures, such as a dorsal dermal papilla that points distally and a curved ledge on the medial and lateral sides of the unguicular process. The hard-cornified external coronary horn and proximal cone horn form the root of the cornified claw sheath within the unguicular recess, which is deeper on the dorsal side than on the medial and lateral sides. As a consequence, their rate of horn production is greater dorsally, which contributes to the overall palmo-apical curvature of the cornified claw sheath. The external coronary and proximal cone horn is worn down through normal use as it is pushed apically. The hard-cornified apical cone horn is generated by the living epidermis enveloping the base and free part of the dorsal dermal papilla. It forms nested horn cones that eventually form the core of the hardened tip of the cornified claw. The sides of the cornified claw sheath are formed by the newly described hard-cornified blade horn, which originates from the living epidermis located on the slanted face of the curved ledge. As the blade horn is moved apically, it entrains and integrates the hard-cornified parietal horn on its internal side. It is covered by the external coronary and proximal cone horn on its external side. The soft-cornified terminal horn extends distally from the parietal horn and covers the dermal claw bed at the tip of the uniguicular process, thereby filling the space created by the converging apical cone and blade horn. The soft-cornified sole horn fills the space between the cutting edges of blade horn on the palmar side of the cornified claw sheath. The superficial soft-cornified perioplic horn is produced on the internal side of the unguicular pleat, which surrounds the root of the cornified claw sheath. The shedding of apical horn caps is made possible by the appearance of microcracks in the superficial layers of the external coronary and proximal cone horn in the course of deformations of the cornified claw sheath, which is subjected to tensile forces during climbing or prey catching. These microcracks propagate tangentially through the coronary horn and do not injure the underlying living epidermal and dermal tissues. This built-in shedding mechanism maintains sharp claw tips and ensures the freeing of the claws from the substrate. PMID:19422432

Ovarian torsion in a three-year-old girl.

PubMed

Ochsner, Todd Justin; Roos, Joel A; Johnson, Andrew S; Henderson, Janet L

2010-05-01

Ovarian torsion is the fifth most encountered gynecological emergency requiring surgery. Representing only 2.7% of surgical emergencies, it is an entity that is worth being familiar with in the emergency department (ED). Untreated ovarian torsion may result in loss of ovarian function, tissue necrosis, and death from thromboembolism or sepsis. Presenting with vague symptoms and abdominal pain, diagnosing ovarian torsion can be difficult, especially in children. The objective of this article is to present a case of pediatric ovarian torsion and to review its epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment. A 3-year-old girl presented to the ED with vomiting, fever, anorexia, and abdominal pain. Initially diagnosed with appendicitis by physical examination and computed tomography scan, this patient was taken to the operating room for surgical exploration. The patient was subsequently found to have ovarian torsion, which was treated appropriately. Although a rare phenomenon, this case serves to increase awareness of the clinical presentation of ovarian torsion in the pediatric patient. Abdominal pain in the female child represents a challenging differential diagnosis, for which a physician must consider ovarian torsion. Copyright (c) 2010. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Lower-extremity rotational profile and toe-walking in preschool children with autism spectrum disorder.

PubMed

Arik, Atilla; Aksoy, Cemalettin; Aysev, Ayla; Akçakin, Melda

2018-04-24

The aim of this study was to establish the torsional and toe-walking profiles of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and to analyze the correlations between torsion, toe-walking, autism severity score, and age. In total, 79 consecutive children with autism were examined to determine their hip rotations, thigh-foot angle, degree of toe-walking, and autism severity. Femoral and tibial torsion values, of the preschool patients, were compared statistically with age-matched controls. The hip rotation profile of the patients was similar to the normal group. Nearly a half of the patients with ASD present excessive external tibial torsion. The difference in the tibial torsion between patients and normal children was statistically significant. A weak correlation was found only between tibial torsion and the autism severity score, but no correlation was found between the other parameters. External tibial torsion is the cardinal and persistent orthopedic manifestation among patients with ASD. Toe-walking is the second most common such manifestation and is an independent orthopedic feature in these patients. External tibial torsion may potentially contribute toward the described gait abnormalities in patients with ASD.

Instability of ocular torsion in zero gravity - Possible implications for space motion sickness

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Diamond, Shirley G.; Markham, Charles H.; Money, Ken E.

1990-01-01

It is proposed that study of the eye torsion reflex and its behavior under novel gravitational states may possibly provide the basis for a long-sought test to predict space motion sickness (SMS). Measures of eye torsion such as ocular counterrolling and spontaneous eye torsion, were examined during hypo- and hypergravity in parabolic flight on the NASA KC-135 aircraft. Ten subjects, including two astronauts, one who had experienced SMS and one who had not, were ranked according to scores of torsional inability at 0 G and divided into two equal groups of high and low susceptibility to SMS. At 1.8 G the groups were significantly different in both the instability measure and the measure of torsional ability. No differences were detected in eye torsion in either 0 G or 1.8 G and none of the tests were significantly different in 1 G. Results suggest that tests of eye torsion on the KC-135 might differentiate those who would experience SMS from those who would not, although it is noted that this is not yet proven.

Torsional actuator motor using solid freeform fabricated PZT ceramics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kim, Chulho; Wu, Carl C. M.; Bender, Barry

2004-07-01

A torsional actuator has been developed at NRL utilizing the high piezoelectric shear coefficient, d15. This torsional actuator uses an even number of alternately poled segments of electroactive PZT. Under an applied electric field, the torsional actuator produces large angular displacement and a high torque. The solid freeform fabrication technique of the laminated object manufacturing (LOM) is used for rapid prototyping of torsional actuator with potential cost and time saving. First step to demonstrate the feasibility of the LOM technique for the torsional actuator device fabrication is to make near net shape segments. We report a prototype PZT torsional actuator using LOM prepared PZT-5A segments. Fabrication processes and test results are described. The torsional actuator PZT-5A tube has dimensions of 13 cm long, 2.54 cm OD and 1.9 cm ID. Although the piezoelectric strain is small, it may be converted into large displacement via accumulation of the small single cycle displacements over many cycles using AC driving voltage such as with a rotary 'inchworm' actuator or an ultrasonic rotary motor. A working prototype of a full-cycle motor driven by the piezoelectric torsional actuator has been achieved. The rotational speed is 1,200 rpm under 200 V/cm field at the resonant frequency of 4.5 kHz.

Some Properties and Uses of Torsional Overlap Integrals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mekhtiev, Mirza A.; Hougen, Jon T.

1998-01-01

The first diagonalization step in a rho-axis-method treatment of methyl-top internal rotation problems involves finding eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a torsional Hamiltonian, which depends on the rotational projection quantum numberKas a parameter. Traditionally the torsional quantum numbervt= 0, 1, 2···is assigned to eigenfunctions of givenKin order of increasing energy. In this paper we propose an alternative labeling scheme, using the torsional quantum numbervT, which is based on properties of theK-dependent torsional overlap integrals . In particular, the quantum numbervTis assigned in such a way that torsional wavefunctions |vT,K> vary as slowly as possible whenKchanges by unity. Roughly speaking,vT=vtfor torsional levels below the barrier, whereasvTis more closely related to the free-rotor quantum number for levels above the barrier. Because of the latter fact, we believevTwill in general be a physically more meaningful torsional quantum number for levels above the barrier. The usefulness of overlap integrals for qualitative prediction of torsion-rotation band intensities and for rationalizing the magnitudes of perturbations involving some excitation of the small-amplitude vibrations in an internal rotor problem is also discussed.

Critical current degradation behaviour of GdBCO CC tapes in pure torsion and combined tension-torsion modes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gorospe, Alking; Bautista, Zhierwinjay; Shin, Hyung-Seop

2016-10-01

Coated conductor (CC) tapes utilized in high-current-density superconducting cables are commonly subjected to different loading modes, primarily torsion and tension especially in the case of twisted stacked-tape cable. Torsion load can occur due to twisting along the length or when winding the CC tapes around a former, while tension load can occur due to pre-tension when coiled and as a hoop stress when the coil is energized. In this study, electromechanical properties of single CC tapes under torsion load were investigated using a new test apparatus. The results could provide basic information for cable designers to fully characterize stacked cables. Copper-electroplated and brass-laminated CC tapes fabricated with different deposition techniques were subjected to pure torsion and combined tension-torsion loading. The critical current, I c degradation behaviours of CC tapes under torsional deformation were examined. Also, the effect of further external lamination on the I c degradation behaviour of the CC tapes under such loading conditions was investigated. In the case of the combined tension-torsion test, short samples were subjected to twist pitches of 200 mm and 100 mm. Critical parameters including reversible axial stress and strain in such twist pitch conditions were also investigated.

Humeral torsion revisited: a functional and ontogenetic model for populational variation.

PubMed

Cowgill, Libby W

2007-12-01

Anthropological interest in humeral torsion has a long history, and several functional explanations for observed variation in the orientation of the humeral head have been proposed. Recent clinical studies have revived this topic by linking patterns of humeral torsion to habitual activities such as overhand throwing. However, the precise functional implications and ontogenetic history of humeral torsion remain unclear. This study examines the ontogeny of humeral torsion in a large sample of primarily immature remains from six different skeletal collections (n = 407). The results of this research confirm that humeral torsion displays consistent developmental variation within all populations of growing children; neonates display relatively posteriorly oriented humeral heads, and the level of torsion declines steadily into adulthood. As in adults, variation in the angle of humeral torsion in immature individuals varies by population, and these differences arise early in development. However, when examined in the context of the developing muscles of the shoulder complex, it becomes apparent that variation in the angle of humeral torsion is not necessarily related to specific habitual activities. Variability in this feature is more likely caused by a generalized functional imbalance between muscles of medial and lateral rotation that can be produced by a wide variety of upper limb activity patterns during growth. (c) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Static vacuum solutions on curved space-times with torsion

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shabani, Hamid; Ziaie, Amir Hadi

2018-06-01

The Einstein-Cartan-Kibble-Sciama (ECKS) theory of gravity naturally extends Einstein’s general relativity (GR) to include intrinsic angular momentum (spin) of matter. The main feature of this theory consists of an algebraic relation between space-time torsion and spin of matter, which indeed deprives the torsion of its dynamical content. The Lagrangian of ECKS gravity is proportional to the Ricci curvature scalar constructed out of a general affine connection so that owing to the influence of matter energy-momentum and spin, curvature and torsion are produced and interact only through the space-time metric. In the absence of spin, the space-time torsion vanishes and the theory reduces to GR. It is however possible to have torsion propagation in vacuum by resorting to a model endowed with a nonminimal coupling between curvature and torsion. In the present work we try to investigate possible effects of the higher order terms that can be constructed from space-time curvature and torsion, as the two basic constituents of Riemann-Cartan geometry. We consider Lagrangians that include fourth-order scalar invariants from curvature and torsion and then investigate the resulting field equations. The solutions that we find show that there could exist, even in vacuum, nontrivial static space-times that admit both black holes and naked singularities.

Dasatinib, Paclitaxel, and Carboplatin in Treating Patients With Stage III-IV or Recurrent Endometrial Cancer

ClinicalTrials.gov

2018-04-04

Endometrial Adenocarcinoma; Endometrial Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma; Endometrial Mucinous Adenocarcinoma; Endometrial Serous Adenocarcinoma; Endometrial Squamous Cell Carcinoma; Endometrial Transitional Cell Carcinoma; Endometrial Undifferentiated Carcinoma; Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma; Recurrent Uterine Corpus Carcinoma; Stage III Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IIIA Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IIIB Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IIIC Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IV Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IVA Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IVB Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v7

Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy, Cisplatin, and Bevacizumab Followed by Carboplatin and Paclitaxel in Treating Patients Who Have Undergone Surgery for Endometrial Cancer

ClinicalTrials.gov

2018-02-15

Endometrial Adenocarcinoma; Endometrial Adenosquamous Carcinoma; Endometrial Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma; Endometrial Serous Adenocarcinoma; Stage IA Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IB Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v7; Stage II Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IIIA Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IIIB Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IIIC Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IVA Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IVB Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v7

Preterm labor--modeling the uterine electrical activity from cellular level to surface recording.

PubMed

Rihana, S; Marque, C

2008-01-01

Uterine electrical activity is correlated to the appearance of uterine contractions. forceful contractions appear at the end of term. Therefore, understanding the genesis and the propagation of uterine electrical activity may provide an efficient tool to diagnose preterm labor. Moreover, the control of uterine excitability seems to have important consequences in the control of preterm labor. Modeling the electrical activity in uterine tissue is thus an important step in understanding physiological uterine contractile mechanisms and to permit uterine EMG simulation. Our model presented in this paper, incorporates ion channel models at the cell level, the reaction diffusion equations at the tissue level and the spatiotemporal integration at the uterine EMG reconstructed level. This model validates some key physiological observation hypotheses concerning uterine excitability and propagation.

75 FR 30105 - Petition for Waiver of Compliance

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-28

... requirements for testing locomotive horns. LIRR operates 836 M-7 MU passenger cars of which 84 have had their horns tested; and 170 M-3 MU passenger cars of which 60 have had their horns tested. In addition, LIRR operates 80 diesel electric locomotives of which 7 horns have been tested; and 23 control car locomotives...

76 FR 36395 - Airworthiness Directives; Piper Aircraft, Inc. Models PA-24, PA-24-250, and PA-24-260 Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-22

... stabilator horn assembly or repetitive inspection of the stabilator horn assembly for corrosion or cracks with replacement of the stabilator horn assembly if any corrosion or cracks are found. This proposed AD... to detect and correct corrosion or cracks in the stabilator horn assembly. Corrosion or cracks could...

An Engaged Pragmatist: Uncovering and Assessing Ernest Horn's View of Moral Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schul, James E.; Hamot, Gregory E.

2011-01-01

Ernest Horn was a curriculum professor at The University of Iowa in the early to mid-twentieth century. Predominantly known at the time for his spelling research, Horn also made important contributions to the field of social studies education. This historical inquiry illuminates one of Horn's contributions to social studies education by examining…

Amplitude, frequency, and timbre with the French horn

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Konz, Nicholas; Ruiz, Michael J.

2018-07-01

The French horn is used to introduce the three basic properties of periodic waves: amplitude, frequency, and waveform. These features relate to the perceptual characteristics of loudness, pitch, and timbre encountered in everyday language. Visualizations are provided in the form of oscilloscope screenshots, spectrograms, and Fourier spectra to illustrate the physics. Introductory students will find the musical relevance interesting as they experience a real-world application of physics. Demonstrations playing the French horn are provided in an accompanying video (Ruiz 2018 Video: Amplitude, frequency, and timbre with the French horn http://mjtruiz.com/ped/horn/).

Rat Disc Torsional Mechanics: Effect of Lumbar and Caudal Levels and Axial Compression Load

PubMed Central

Elliott, Dawn M; Espinoza Orías, Alejandro A; Malhotra, Neil R

2009-01-01

Background Context Rat models with altered loading are used to study disc degeneration and mechano-transduction. Given the prominent role of mechanics in disc function and degeneration, it is critical to measure mechanical behavior in order to evaluate changes following model interventions. Axial compression mechanics of the rat disc are representative of the human disc when normalized by geometry, and differences between the lumbar and caudal disc have been quantified in axial compression. No study has quantified rat disc torsional mechanics. Purpose Compare the torsional mechanical behavior of rat lumbar and caudal discs, determine the contribution of combined axial load on torsional mechanics, and compare the torsional properties of rat discs to human lumbar discs. Study Design Cadaveric biomechanical study. Methods Cyclic torsion without compressive load followed by cyclic torsion with a fixed compressive load was applied to rat lumbar and caudal disc levels. Results The apparent torsional modulus was higher in the lumbar region than in the caudal region,: 0.081±0.026 (MPa/°, Mean±SD) for lumbar axially loaded; 0.066±0.028 caudal axially loaded; 0.091±0.033 for lumbar in pure torsion; and 0.056±0.035 for caudal in pure torsion. These values were similar to human disc properties reported in the literature ranging from 0.024 to 0.21 MPa/°. Conclusions Use of the caudal disc as a model may be appropriate if the mechanical focus is within the linear region of the loading regime. These results provide support for use of this animal model in basic science studies with respect to torsional mechanics. PMID:18495544

Femoral Shaft Torsion in Injured and Uninjured Ballet Dancers and Its Association with Other Hip Measures: A Cross-sectional Study.

PubMed

Hafiz, Eliza; Hiller, Claire E; Nicholson, Leslie L; Nightingale, Elizabeth J; Grimaldi, Alison; Refshauge, Kathryn M

2016-03-01

Low range femoral torsion, termed "lateral shaft torsion," has been associated with greater range of hip external rotation and turnout in dancers. It is also hypothesized that achieving greater turnout at the hip minimizes torsion at the knee, shank, ankle, and foot, and consequently reduces incidence of lower limb injuries. The primary aims of this study were to investigate: 1. differences in range of femoral shaft torsion between dancers with and without lower limb injuries; and 2. the relationship between femoral shaft torsion, hip external rotation range, and turnout. A secondary aim was to examine the relationship between femoral shaft torsion and other hip measures: hip strength, lower limb joint hypermobility, hip stability, and foot progression angle, as explanatory variables. Demographic, dance, and injury data were collected, along with physical measures of femoral shaft torsion, hip rotation range of motion, and turnout. Hip strength, control, lower limb hypermobility, and foot progression angle were also measured. Eighty female dancers, 50 with lower limb injury (20.7 ± 4.8 years of age) and 30 without lower limb injury (17.8 ± 4.1 years of age), participated in the study. There was no difference in range of femoral shaft torsion between the groups (p = 0.941). Femoral shaft torsion was weakly correlated with range of hip external rotation (r = -0.034, p = 0.384) and turnout (r = -0.066, p = 0.558). Injured dancers had a significantly longer training history than non-injured dancers (p = 0.001). It was concluded that femoral shaft torsion does not appear to be associated with the overall incidence of lower limb injury in dancers or to be a primary factor influencing extent of turnout in this population.

Feasibility of using near-infrared spectroscopy to diagnose testicular torsion: an experimental study in sheep.

PubMed

Capraro, Geoffrey A; Mader, Timothy J; Coughlin, Bret F; Lovewell, Carolanne; St Louis, Myron R L; Tirabassi, Michael; Wadie, George; Smithline, Howard A

2007-04-01

To assess whether near-infrared spectroscopy can detect testicular hypoxia in a sheep model of testicular torsion within 6 hours of experimental torsion. This was a randomized, controlled, nonblinded study. Trans-scrotal, near-infrared, spectroscopy-derived testicular tissue saturation of oxygen values were obtained from the posterior hemiscrota of 6 anesthetized sheep at baseline and every 15 minutes for 6 hours after either experimental-side, 720-degree, unilateral, medial testicular torsion and orchidopexy or control-side sham procedure with orchidopexy and then for 75 minutes after reduction of torsion and pexy. Color Doppler ultrasonography was performed every 30 minutes to confirm loss of vascular flow on the experimental side, return of flow after torsion reduction, and preserved flow on the control side. Near infrared spectroscopy detected a prompt, sustained reduction in testicular tissue saturation of oxygen after experimental torsion. Further, it documented a rapid return of these values to pretorsion levels after reduction of torsion. Experimental-side testicular tissue saturation of oxygen fell from a median value of 59% (interquartile range [IQR] 57% to 69%) at baseline to 14% (IQR 11% to 29%) at 2.5 hours of torsion, and postreduction values were approximately 70%. Control-side testicular tissue saturation of oxygen values increased from a median value of 67% (IQR 59% to 68%) at baseline to 77% (IQR 77% to 94%) at 2.5 hours and remained at approximately 80% for the entire protocol. The difference in median testicular tissue saturation of oxygen between experimental and control sides, using the Friedman test, was found to be significant (P=.017). This study demonstrates the feasibility, in a sheep model, of using near-infrared spectroscopy for the noninvasive diagnosis of testicular torsion and for quantification of reperfusion after torsion reduction. The applicability of these findings, from an animal model using complete torsion, to the clinical setting remains to be established.

Cross-axis adaptation of torsional components in the yaw-axis vestibulo-ocular reflex

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Trillenberg, P.; Shelhamer, M.; Roberts, D. C.; Zee, D. S.

2003-01-01

The three pairs of semicircular canals within the labyrinth are not perfectly aligned with the pulling directions of the six extraocular muscles. Therefore, for a given head movement, the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) depends upon central neural mechanisms that couple the canals to the muscles with the appropriate functional gains in order to generate a response that rotates the eye the correct amount and around the correct axis. A consequence of these neural connections is a cross-axis adaptive capability, which can be stimulated experimentally when head rotation is around one axis and visual motion about another. From this visual-vestibular conflict the brain infers that the slow-phase eye movement is rotating around the wrong axis. We explored the capability of human cross-axis adaptation, using a short-term training paradigm, to determine if torsional eye movements could be elicited by yaw (horizontal) head rotation (where torsion is normally inappropriate). We applied yaw sinusoidal head rotation (+/-10 degrees, 0.33 Hz) and measured eye movement responses in the dark, and before and after adaptation. The adaptation paradigm lasted 45-60 min, and consisted of the identical head motion, coupled with a moving visual scene that required one of several types of eye movements: (1) torsion alone (-Roll); (2) horizontal/torsional, head right/CW torsion (Yaw-Roll); (3) horizontal/torsional, head right/CCW torsion (Yaw+Roll); (4) horizontal, vertical, torsional combined (Yaw+Pitch-Roll); and (5) horizontal and vertical together (Yaw+Pitch). The largest and most significant changes in torsional amplitude occurred in the Yaw-Roll and Yaw+Roll conditions. We conclude that short-term, cross-axis adaptation of torsion is possible but constrained by the complexity of the adaptation task: smaller torsional components are produced if more than one cross-coupling component is required. In contrast, vertical cross-axis components can be easily trained to occur with yaw head movements.

An Assessment of Cumulative Axial and Torsional Fatigue in a Cobalt-Base Superalloy

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kalluri, Sreeramesh; Bonacuse, Peter J.

2010-01-01

Cumulative fatigue under axial and torsional loading conditions can include both load-order (higMow and low/high) as well as load-type sequence (axial/torsional and torsional/axial) effects. Previously reported experimental studies on a cobalt-base superalloy, Haynes 188 at 538 C, addressed these effects. These studies characterized the cumulative axial and torsional fatigue behavior under high amplitude followed by low amplitude (Kalluri, S. and Bonacuse, P. J., "Cumulative Axial and Torsional Fatigue: An Investigation of Load-Type Sequance Effects," in Multiaxial Fatigue and Deformation: Testing and Prediction, ASTM STP 1387, S. Kalluri, and P. J. Bonacuse, Eds., American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA, 2000, pp. 281-301) and low amplitude followed by high amplitude (Bonacuse, P. and Kalluri, S. "Sequenced Axial and Torsional Cumulative Fatigue: Low Amplitude Followed by High Amplitude Loading," Biaxial/Multiaxial Fatigue and Fracture, ESIS Publication 31, A. Carpinteri, M. De Freitas, and A. Spagnoli, Eds., Elsevier, New York, 2003, pp. 165-182) conditions. In both studies, experiments with the following four load-type sequences were performed: (a) axial/axial, (b) torsional/torsional, (c) axial/torsional, and (d) torsional/axial. In this paper, the cumulative axial and torsional fatigue data generated in the two previous studies are combined to generate a comprehensive cumulative fatigue database on both the load-order and load-type sequence effects. This comprehensive database is used to examine applicability of the Palmgren-langer-Miner linear damage rule and a nonlinear damage curve approach for Haynes 188 subjected to the load-order and load-type sequencing described above. Summations of life fractions from the experiments are compared to the predictions from both the linear and nonlinear cumulative fatigue damage approaches. The significance of load-order versus load-type sequence effects for axial and torsional loading conditions is discussed. Possible reasons for the observed differences between the computed and observed summations of cycle fractions are rationalized in terms of the observed ever lutions of cyclic axial and shear stress ranges in the cumulative fatigue tests.

Mannitol has a protective effect on testicular torsion: An experimental rat model.

PubMed

Kurt, Omer; Yazici, Cenk Murat; Erboga, Mustafa; Turan, Cuneyt; Bozdemir, Yeliz; Akbas, Alpaslan; Turker, Polat; Aktas, Cevat; Aydin, Murat; Yesildag, Ebru

2016-06-01

Testicular torsion is an emergency condition that causes testicular injury. Any treatment opportunity reducing the destructive effect of testicular torsion is important for the future life of patients. In this experimental study we investigated the protective effect of mannitol on ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in a rat testes torsion model. In total, 32 male Sprague Dawley rats were included. Four experimental groups included eight rats each. Group A was a sham group in which the right testis was brought out through a scrotal incision and then replaced in the scrotum without torsion. In Group B, the right testis was torsioned, by rotating 720° clockwise and fixed to the scrotum with no treatment. In Group C, the same testicular torsion process was performed with saline infusion just after testicular torsion. In group D, mannitol infusion was used just after testicular torsion. Testicles were detorsioned after 3 h and left inside for more than 2 h before orchiectomy. Histopathological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical analyses were performed. Testicular architecture was disturbed significantly in the torsion groups without mannitol infusion. However, testicular tissue structure was significantly better in the mannitol-treated group, demonstrating a protective effect. Similar findings were also shown for the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) index and antioxidant activity; both were higher in the mannitol group than in the no-treatment and saline groups (p < 0.01). The apoptotic index was also significantly lower in the mannitol-treated group compared with the no treatment and saline groups (p < 0.01). The seminiferous tubule structure in testicular torsion without mannitol treatment was significantly disturbed, whereas the structural disruption was considerably less in the mannitol group. Mannitol treatment also decreased reactive oxygen radical levels significantly and was able to decrease apoptosis. These results were consistent with other organ model studies that evaluated the protective effects of mannitol treatment in I/R injury. Mannitol infusion had a protective effect against I/R injury in testicular torsion in rats. This experimental study may guide clinicians to evaluate the effectiveness of mannitol in human testicular torsion. Copyright © 2016 Journal of Pediatric Urology Company. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

MRI Assessment of Uterine Artery Patency and Fibroid Infarction Rates 6 Months after Uterine Artery Embolization with Nonspherical Polyvinyl Alcohol

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Das, Raj, E-mail: rajdas@nhs.net; Gonsalves, Michael; Vlahos, Ioannis

Purpose: We have observed significant rates of uterine artery patency after uterine artery embolization (UAE) with nonspherical polyvinyl alcohol (nsPVA) on 6 month follow-up MR scanning. The study aim was to quantitatively assess uterine artery patency after UAE with nsPVA and to assess the effect of continued uterine artery patency on outcomes. Methods: A single centre, retrospective study of 50 patients undergoing bilateral UAE for uterine leiomyomata was undertaken. Pelvic MRI was performed before and 6 months after UAE. All embolizations were performed with nsPVA. Outcome measures included uterine artery patency, uterine and dominant fibroid volume, dominant fibroid percentage infarction,more » presence of ovarian arterial collaterals, and symptom scores assessed by the Uterine Fibroid Symptom and Quality of Life questionnaire (UFS-QOL). Results: Magnetic resonance angiographic evidence of uterine artery recanalization was demonstrated in 90 % of the patients (64 % bilateral, 26 % unilateral) at 6 months. Eighty percent of all dominant fibroids demonstrated >90 % infarction. The mean percentage reduction in dominant fibroid volume was 35 %. No significant difference was identified between nonpatent, unilateral, and bilateral recanalization of the uterine arteries with regard to percentage dominant fibroid infarction or dominant fibroid volume reduction. The presence of bilaterally or unilaterally patent uterine arteries was not associated with inferior clinical outcomes (symptom score or UFS-QOL scores) at 6 months. Conclusion: The high rates of uterine artery patency challenge the current paradigm that nsPVA is a permanent embolic agent and that permanent uterine artery occlusion is necessary to optimally treat uterine fibroids. Despite high rates of uterine artery recanalization in this cohort, satisfactory fibroid infarction rates and UFS-QOL scores were achieved.« less

The incidence of isolated penile torsion in North India: A study of 5,018 male neonates.

PubMed

Bhat, Amilal; Bhat, Mahakshit; Kumar, Vinay; Goyal, Suresh; Bhat, Akshita; Patni, Madhu

2017-10-01

Congenital penile torsion is a three-dimensional deformity with helical rotation of the distal corporal bodies with the penile crurae remaining fixed to the pubic rami. The first case of congenital penile torsion (hypospadias) was described in 1857. Isolated penile torsion is an under-reported anomaly. The reported incidence of isolated penile torsion is 1.7-27% and severe torsion is 0.7%. There are no studies available from Indian subcontinent on the incidence of isolated penile torque. The objective of this study was to determine the overall incidence of isolated penile torque in a north Indian population. A prospective study of deliveries of male children was conducted at our institute between April 2014 and June 2015. Penile torsion was measured using a small protractor either by the deviation of the median raphae or the direction of the meatus. Data were collected on the incidence of congenital isolated penile torsion, including the degree and direction (left or right) of torsion. Torsion was classified as mild (<450), moderate (450-900), and severe (>900). Statistical analysis was done using the chi-square test with variables of age and parity of the mother and weight of the child. There were 99 cases of isolated penile torque among 5018 male neonates assessed for penile torque. The incidence of isolated penile torque was 19.7 per 1000 births. The degree of torsion varied from 30 to 110° (average 51.46°). Seventy-nine percent (79%) of them had left side and 21% had right side torque (4:1). The degree of torsion was mild in 30%, with 20% having left side torque and 10% having right side torque (2:1). A moderate degree of torsion was seen in 69%: 84% of them had left torque and only 16% had right sided torque (5:1). Only one patient had severe left torque. The incidence of isolated congenital penile torsion was highest in the maternal age group of >30 years followed by the 26-30-year age group, and was lowest in 21-25 year age group. In multiparous women, the incidence of isolated congenital penile torsion was highest (2.54%), and it was lowest in primiparous women (1.36%). The incidence of isolated penile torsion was 1.97% and the left-to-right ratio was 3:1, but for moderate torque it was 5:1. There was a strong association between incidence of penile torque with the age of the mother (p = 0.012) and parity (p = 0.008) but not with the weight of the baby (p = 0.415). Copyright © 2017 Journal of Pediatric Urology Company. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A randomized prospective trial of the postoperative quality of life between laparoscopic uterine artery ligation and laparoscopy-assisted vaginal hysterectomy for the treatment of symptomatic uterine fibroids: clinical trial design

PubMed Central

Kim, Hee Seung; Kim, Jae Weon; Kim, Mi-Kyung; Chung, Hyun Hoon; Lee, Taek Sang; Jeon, Yong-Tark; Kim, Yong Beom; Jeon, Hye Won; Yun, Young Ho; Park, Noh Hyun; Song, Yong Sang; Kang, Soon-Beom

2009-01-01

Background Laparoscopy-assisted vaginal hysterectomy is one of the definite methods for the treatment of symptomatic uterine fibroids with lesser intraoperative bleeding and shorter hospitalization compared with abdominal hysterectomy. However, laparoscopy-assisted vaginal hysterectomy cannot preserve uterus and can show postoperative complications by the change of pelvic structure. Thus, laparoscopic uterine artery ligation has been introduced for relieving the symptoms caused by uterine fibroids in place of hysterectomy. The current study was designed to compare postoperative quality of life between laparoscopic uterine artery ligation and laparoscopy-assisted vaginal hysterectomy, and to evaluate the efficacy of laparoscopic uterine artery ligation which can treat symptomatic uterine fibroids with the preservation of uterus. Methods and design Patients enrolled the current study are randomized to laparoscopic uterine artery ligation or laparoscopy-assisted vaginal hysterectomy. The primary outcome is to compare postoperative quality of life between laparoscopic uterine artery ligation and laparoscopy-assisted vaginal hysterectomy using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire for Cancer patients version 3.0. Secondary outcomes are to evaluate the volume reduction of uterus, uterine fibroids and ovaries by the 2 treatments, to compare the improvement of subjective symptoms using 11-point symptom score and postoperative clinical outcomes between laparoscopic uterine artery ligation and laparoscopy-assisted vaginal hysterectomy, and to investigate the improvement of postoperative vaginal bleeding by laparoscopic uterine artery ligation. Discussion Among treatment methods for symptomatic uterine fibroids with the preservation of uterus, laparoscopic uterine artery ligation is expected to have the efficacy like uterine artery embolization, which appeared to be safe for routine use with symptomatic relief. The current study fully recruited in June 2008 and the results will be available in June 2009. If there is no difference of postoperative QOL between laparoscopic uterine artery ligation and laparoscopy-assisted vaginal hysterectomy for the treatment of symptomatic uterine fibroids, the comparison of quality of life between laparoscopic uterine artery ligation and uterine artery embolization will be also needed as a surgical treatment for preserving uterus. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN76790866 PMID:19178748

Spontaneous uterine laceration in labor: a type of intrapartum uterine injury different from the classical uterine rupture.

PubMed

Hishikawa, Kenji; Watanabe, Remi; Onuma, Kazuya; Kusaka, Takeshi; Fukuda, Takanori; Kohata, Yutaka; Inoue, Hiromi

2018-02-01

Uterine rupture, a complete disruption of uterine wall, is synonymously used of intrapartum uterine corpus injuries. However, uterine laceration, partial and minor myometrial tear, is not well characterized. A 35-year-old Japanese woman with unscarred uterus was delivered of a baby at 38 gestational weeks. Shortly after delivering the placenta, she complained of severe lower abdominal pain with shock vitals. Exploratory laparotomy revealed a partial and shallow myometrial and serosal tear with massive hemoperitoneum. Despite its shallow and minor nature of the injury, uterine laceration can cause a catastrophic massive hemoperitoneum and should be noted as a type of intrapartum uterine injury in clinical practice.

Fetal asphyctic preconditioning modulates the acute cytokine response thereby protecting against perinatal asphyxia in neonatal rats.

PubMed

Vlassaks, Evi; Strackx, Eveline; Vles, Johan Sh; Nikiforou, Maria; Martinez-Martinez, Pilar; Kramer, Boris W; Gavilanes, Antonio Wd

2013-01-26

Perinatal asphyxia (PA) is a major cause of brain damage and neurodevelopmental impairment in infants. Recent investigations have shown that experimental sublethal fetal asphyxia (FA preconditioning) protects against a subsequent more severe asphyctic insult at birth. The molecular mechanisms of this protection have, however, not been elucidated. Evidence implicates that inflammatory cytokines play a protective role in the induction of ischemic tolerance in the adult brain. Accordingly, we hypothesize that FA preconditioning leads to changes in the fetal cytokine response, thereby protecting the newborn against a subsequent asphyctic insult. In rats, FA preconditioning was induced at embryonic day 17 by clamping the uterine vasculature for 30 min. At term birth, global PA was induced by placing the uterine horns, containing the pups, in a saline bath for 19 min. We assessed, at different time points after FA and PA, mRNA and protein expression of several cytokines and related receptor mRNA levels in total hemispheres of fetal and neonatal brains. Additionally, we measured pSTAT3/STAT3 levels to investigate cellular responses to these cytokines. Prenatally, FA induced acute downregulation in IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-10 mRNA levels. At 96 h post FA, IL-6 mRNA and IL-10 protein expression were increased in FA brains compared with controls. Two hours after birth, all proinflammatory cytokines and pSTAT3/STAT3 levels decreased in pups that experienced FA and/or PA. Interestingly, IL-10 and IL-6 mRNA levels increased after PA. When pups were FA preconditioned, however, IL-10 and IL-6 mRNA levels were comparable to those in controls. FA leads to prenatal changes in the neuroinflammatory response. This modulation of the cytokine response probably results in the protective inflammatory phenotype seen when combining FA and PA and may have significant implications for preventing post-asphyctic perinatal encephalopathy.

Fetal asphyctic preconditioning modulates the acute cytokine response thereby protecting against perinatal asphyxia in neonatal rats

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background Perinatal asphyxia (PA) is a major cause of brain damage and neurodevelopmental impairment in infants. Recent investigations have shown that experimental sublethal fetal asphyxia (FA preconditioning) protects against a subsequent more severe asphyctic insult at birth. The molecular mechanisms of this protection have, however, not been elucidated. Evidence implicates that inflammatory cytokines play a protective role in the induction of ischemic tolerance in the adult brain. Accordingly, we hypothesize that FA preconditioning leads to changes in the fetal cytokine response, thereby protecting the newborn against a subsequent asphyctic insult. Methods In rats, FA preconditioning was induced at embryonic day 17 by clamping the uterine vasculature for 30 min. At term birth, global PA was induced by placing the uterine horns, containing the pups, in a saline bath for 19 min. We assessed, at different time points after FA and PA, mRNA and protein expression of several cytokines and related receptor mRNA levels in total hemispheres of fetal and neonatal brains. Additionally, we measured pSTAT3/STAT3 levels to investigate cellular responses to these cytokines. Results Prenatally, FA induced acute downregulation in IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-10 mRNA levels. At 96 h post FA, IL-6 mRNA and IL-10 protein expression were increased in FA brains compared with controls. Two hours after birth, all proinflammatory cytokines and pSTAT3/STAT3 levels decreased in pups that experienced FA and/or PA. Interestingly, IL-10 and IL-6 mRNA levels increased after PA. When pups were FA preconditioned, however, IL-10 and IL-6 mRNA levels were comparable to those in controls. Conclusions FA leads to prenatal changes in the neuroinflammatory response. This modulation of the cytokine response probably results in the protective inflammatory phenotype seen when combining FA and PA and may have significant implications for preventing post-asphyctic perinatal encephalopathy. PMID:23351591

Unilateral flank ovariohysterectomy in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus).

PubMed

Rozanska, D; Rozanski, P; Orzelski, M; Chlebicka, N; Putowska, K

2016-11-01

To describe a simple, minimally invasive method of ovariohysterectomy via a unilateral flank approach in guinea pigs, for use in routine desexing of healthy female guinea pigs or treatment of ovarian cysts. The subjects of this retrospective study were 41 client-owned guinea pigs submitted for routine desexing or treatment of ovarian cysts. They included 16 healthy female guinea pigs aged 8-12 months (Group 1), and 15 females aged from 9 months to 3 years (Group 2), and 10 females aged from 3 to 7 years (Group 3) with different-sized ovarian cysts. Prior to surgery, the animals received clinical examination, blood testing (complete blood count and serum biochemistry profile) and examination of the abdomen using ultrasonography, to assess the condition of the reproductive tract and ensure the guinea pigs were fit for surgery. Ovariohysterectomy was performed via a unilateral flank incision made close to the erector spinae muscle starting approximately 1 cm caudal to the last rib. Both ovaries, uterine horns, and the uterine cervix were localised, ligated, and dissected through this unilateral retroperitoneal incision. Ovariohysterectomy was successfully completed via a single flank incision in 38/41 (93%) guinea pigs. Three guinea pigs with ovarian cysts from Group 3, which were >6 years old died during surgery due to circulatory and respiratory failure under anaesthesia. In the remaining 38 cases, surgery proceeded without complications. A further two guinea pigs from Group 3 were reluctant to move or eat for the first 3 days after surgery but recovered after provision of supportive care. All 38 animals fully recovered and wound healing was normal. This is the first report of ovariohysterectomy via a unilateral flank incision in guinea pigs. This approach is a simple, minimally invasive and safe alternative to the midline or bilateral flank approaches currently used for surgery of the reproductive tract in guinea pigs.

Peculiar torsion dynamical response of spider dragline silk

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Dabiao; Yu, Longteng; He, Yuming; Peng, Kai; Liu, Jie; Guan, Juan; Dunstan, D. J.

2017-07-01

The torsional properties of spider dragline silks from Nephila edulis and Nephila pilipes spiders are investigated by using a torsion pendulum technique. A permanent torsional deformation is observed after even small torsional strain. This behaviour is quite different from that of the other materials tested here, i.e., carbon fiber, thin metallic wires, Kevlar fiber, and human hair. The spider dragline thus displays a strong energy dissipation upon the initial excitation (around 75% for small strains and more for a larger strain), which correspondingly reduces the amplitude of subsequent oscillations around the new equilibrium position. The variation of torsional stiffness in relaxation dynamics of spider draglines for different excitations is also determined. The experimental result is interpreted in the light of the hierarchical structure of dragline silk.

Torsion effect of swing frame on the measurement of horizontal two-plane balancing machine

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Qiuxiao; Wang, Dequan; He, Bin; Jiang, Pan; Wu, Zhaofu; Fu, Xiaoyan

2017-03-01

In this paper, the vibration model of swing frame of two-plane balancing machine is established to calculate the vibration center position of swing frame first. The torsional stiffness formula of spring plate twisting around the vibration center is then deduced by using superposition principle. Finally, the dynamic balancing experiments prove the irrationality of A-B-C algorithm which ignores the torsion effect, and show that the torsional stiffness deduced by experiments is consistent with the torsional stiffness calculated by theory. The experimental datas show the influence of the torsion effect of swing frame on the separation ratio of sided balancing machines, which reveals the sources of measurement error and assesses the application scope of A-B-C algorithm.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Froeling, V., E-mail: Vera.Froeling@charite.de; Scheurig-Muenkler, C., E-mail: Christian.Scheurig@charite.de; Hamm, B., E-mail: Bernd.Hamm@charite.de

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical outcome for uterine adenomyosis with or without uterine leiomyomata 40 months after uterine artery embolization (UAE). Methods: Forty women aged 39-56 years (median 46 years) with symptomatic uterine adenomyosis and magnetic resonance imaging findings of uterine adenomyosis with or without combined uterine leiomyomata underwent UAE. Self-perceived changes in clinical symptoms were assessed, and residual symptom severity and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) after UAE were evaluated. Clinical failure was defined as no symptomatic improvement or second invasive therapy after UAE. Results were stratified by the extent of uterine adenomyosis at baseline magnetic resonance imaging. Results:more » Patients were followed for a median of 40 months (range 5-102 months). UAE led to symptomatic control after UAE in 29 (72.5%) of 40 patients while 11 women underwent hysterectomy (n = 10) or dilatation and curettage (n = 1) for therapy failure. No significant difference between women with pure uterine adenoymosis and women with uterine adenomyosis combined with uterine leiomyomata was observed. Best results were shown for UAE in uterine adenomyosis with uterine leiomyomata predominance as opposed to predominant uterine adenomyosis with minor fibroid disease (clinical failure 0% vs. 31.5%, P = 0.058). Throughout the study group, HRQOL score values increased and symptom severity scores decreased after UAE. Least improvement was noted for women with pure adenomyosis. Conclusions: UAE is clinically effective in the long term in most women with uterine adenomyosis. Symptomatic control and HRQOL were highest in patients with combined disease of uterine adenomyosis but leiomyomata predominance.« less

9 CFR 95.11 - Bones, horns, and hoofs for trophies or museums; disinfected hoofs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Bones, horns, and hoofs for trophies..., OFFERED FOR ENTRY INTO THE UNITED STATES § 95.11 Bones, horns, and hoofs for trophies or museums; disinfected hoofs. (a) Clean, dry bones, horns, and hoofs, that are free from undried pieces of hide, flesh...

9 CFR 95.11 - Bones, horns, and hoofs for trophies or museums; disinfected hoofs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Bones, horns, and hoofs for trophies..., OFFERED FOR ENTRY INTO THE UNITED STATES § 95.11 Bones, horns, and hoofs for trophies or museums; disinfected hoofs. (a) Clean, dry bones, horns, and hoofs, that are free from undried pieces of hide, flesh...

9 CFR 95.11 - Bones, horns, and hoofs for trophies or museums; disinfected hoofs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Bones, horns, and hoofs for trophies..., OFFERED FOR ENTRY INTO THE UNITED STATES § 95.11 Bones, horns, and hoofs for trophies or museums; disinfected hoofs. (a) Clean, dry bones, horns, and hoofs, that are free from undried pieces of hide, flesh...

9 CFR 95.11 - Bones, horns, and hoofs for trophies or museums; disinfected hoofs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Bones, horns, and hoofs for trophies..., OFFERED FOR ENTRY INTO THE UNITED STATES § 95.11 Bones, horns, and hoofs for trophies or museums; disinfected hoofs. (a) Clean, dry bones, horns, and hoofs, that are free from undried pieces of hide, flesh...

9 CFR 95.11 - Bones, horns, and hoofs for trophies or museums; disinfected hoofs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Bones, horns, and hoofs for trophies..., OFFERED FOR ENTRY INTO THE UNITED STATES § 95.11 Bones, horns, and hoofs for trophies or museums; disinfected hoofs. (a) Clean, dry bones, horns, and hoofs, that are free from undried pieces of hide, flesh...

49 CFR Appendix E to Part 222 - Requirements for Wayside Horns

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

..., indicates that the system is not operating as intended; 4. Horn system must provide a minimum sound level of... locomotive engineer to sound the locomotive horn for at least 15 seconds prior to arrival at the crossing in...; 5. Horn system must sound at a minimum of 15 seconds prior to the train's arrival at the crossing...

49 CFR Appendix E to Part 222 - Requirements for Wayside Horns

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

..., indicates that the system is not operating as intended; 4. Horn system must provide a minimum sound level of... locomotive engineer to sound the locomotive horn for at least 15 seconds prior to arrival at the crossing in...; 5. Horn system must sound at a minimum of 15 seconds prior to the train's arrival at the crossing...

[Rupture of rudimentary horn pregnancy at the 18th week of gestation: a case report].

PubMed

Jerbi, M; Trimech, A; Choukou, A; Hidar, S; Bibi, M; Chaieb, A; Khairi, H

2005-01-01

We report a case of pregnancy in a rudimentary horn that ruptured at 18 weeks. An emergency laparotomy was taken for acute abdomen and ruptured right rudimentary horn pregnancy was diagnosed. Excision of the rudimentary horn and ipsilateral salpingectomy were carried out. The patient's postoperative course was uneventful, and she left the hospital 6 days later.

Elaborate horns in a giant rhinoceros beetle incur negligible aerodynamic costs.

PubMed

McCullough, Erin L; Tobalske, Bret W

2013-05-07

Sexually selected ornaments and weapons are among nature's most extravagant morphologies. Both ornaments and weapons improve a male's reproductive success; yet, unlike ornaments that need only attract females, weapons must be robust and functional structures because they are frequently tested during male-male combat. Consequently, weapons are expected to be particularly costly to bear. Here, we tested the aerodynamic costs of horns in the giant rhinoceros beetle, Trypoxylus dichotomus. We predicted that the long, forked head horn would have three main effects on flight performance: increased body mass, an anterior shift in the centre of mass and increased body drag. We found that the horns were surprisingly lightweight, and therefore had a trivial effect on the male beetles' total mass and mass distribution. Furthermore, because beetles typically fly at slow speeds and high body angles, horns had little effect on total body drag. Together, the weight and the drag of horns increased the overall force required to fly by less than 3 per cent, even in the largest males. Because low-cost structures are expected to be highly evolutionarily labile, the fact that horns incur very minor flight costs may have permitted both the elaboration and diversification of rhinoceros beetle horns.

Elaborate horns in a giant rhinoceros beetle incur negligible aerodynamic costs

PubMed Central

McCullough, Erin L.; Tobalske, Bret W.

2013-01-01

Sexually selected ornaments and weapons are among nature's most extravagant morphologies. Both ornaments and weapons improve a male's reproductive success; yet, unlike ornaments that need only attract females, weapons must be robust and functional structures because they are frequently tested during male–male combat. Consequently, weapons are expected to be particularly costly to bear. Here, we tested the aerodynamic costs of horns in the giant rhinoceros beetle, Trypoxylus dichotomus. We predicted that the long, forked head horn would have three main effects on flight performance: increased body mass, an anterior shift in the centre of mass and increased body drag. We found that the horns were surprisingly lightweight, and therefore had a trivial effect on the male beetles' total mass and mass distribution. Furthermore, because beetles typically fly at slow speeds and high body angles, horns had little effect on total body drag. Together, the weight and the drag of horns increased the overall force required to fly by less than 3 per cent, even in the largest males. Because low-cost structures are expected to be highly evolutionarily labile, the fact that horns incur very minor flight costs may have permitted both the elaboration and diversification of rhinoceros beetle horns. PMID:23486444

Special-purpose computer for holography HORN-4 with recurrence algorithm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shimobaba, Tomoyoshi; Hishinuma, Sinsuke; Ito, Tomoyoshi

2002-10-01

We designed and built a special-purpose computer for holography, HORN-4 (HOlographic ReconstructioN) using PLD (Programmable Logic Device) technology. HORN computers have a pipeline architecture. We use HORN-4 as an attached processor to enhance the performance of a general-purpose computer when it is used to generate holograms using a "recurrence formulas" algorithm developed by our previous paper. In the HORN-4 system, we designed the pipeline by adopting our "recurrence formulas" algorithm which can calculate the phase on a hologram. As the result, we could integrate the pipeline composed of 21 units into one PLD chip. The units in the pipeline consists of one BPU (Basic Phase Unit) unit and twenty CU (Cascade Unit) units. These CU units can compute twenty light intensities on a hologram plane at one time. By mounting two of the PLD chips on a PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) universal board, HORN-4 can calculate holograms at high speed of about 42 Gflops equivalent. The cost of HORN-4 board is about 1700 US dollar. We could obtain 800×600 grids hologram from a 3D-image composed of 415 points in about 0.45 sec with the HORN-4 system.

The audiological health of horn players.

PubMed

Wilson, Wayne J; O'Brien, Ian; Bradley, Andrew P

2013-01-01

Among orchestral musicians, horn players are one of the most at-risk groups for noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). To investigate this group further, pure tone audiometry and a 14-item questionnaire were used to assess the hearing health, as well as attitudes and practices regarding hearing conservation, among 142 French horn players attending an international horn conference in Brisbane, Australia. Of this study's French horn players, 11.1% to 22.2%, and 17.7% to 32.9% of those aged ≤40 years, showed some form of hearing loss (corrected for age and gender) typical of NIHL, using conservative versus lenient criteria, respectively. Stepwise multiple regression analyses showed no obvious predictor of hearing loss in this study's participants. Of the 18% of participants who reported using hearing protection, 81% used this protection "sometimes" and 50% used generic, foam, or other inferior forms of protection. Continued efforts to better manage the hearing health of horn players is warranted particularly as any hearing loss will affect a horn player's ability to perform and therefore his or her livelihood. Managing the hearing health of horn players will be challenging, however, with no simple predictor of NIHL loss being identified in this study's sample.

Effects of biotin supplementation on serum biotin levels and physical properties of samples of solar horn of Holstein cows

PubMed Central

2004-01-01

Abstract Effects of dietary biotin supplementation on serum biotin levels and physical properties of sole horn of 40 Holstein cows were evaluated. The mean serum biotin level in biotin-supplemented cows after 10 mo of biotin supplementation (1163.2 ± 76.2 pg/mL) was significantly higher (P = 0.007) than that in control cows (382.0 ± 76.2 pg/mL). The sole horn of biotin-supplemented cows was significantly harder (P = 0.026) and had a significantly lower moisture content (P = 0.021) than that of control cows. No morphologic differences in horn tubules or intertubular horn were found between the biotin-supplemented and control cows. The total lipid content of sole horn was significantly higher (P = 0.030) in the biotin-supplemented cows than in the control cows. These results suggest that dietary biotin supplementation causes increases in serum biotin levels and changes in physical properties and fat content of sole horn. PMID:15188952

Paclitaxel, Carboplatin, and Bevacizumab or Paclitaxel, Carboplatin, and Temsirolimus or Ixabepilone, Carboplatin, and Bevacizumab in Treating Patients With Stage III, Stage IV, or Recurrent Endometrial Cancer

ClinicalTrials.gov

2018-01-29

Endometrial Adenocarcinoma; Endometrial Adenosquamous Carcinoma; Endometrial Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma; Endometrial Serous Adenocarcinoma; Recurrent Uterine Corpus Carcinoma; Stage IIIA Uterine Corpus Cancer; Stage IIIB Uterine Corpus Cancer; Stage IIIC Uterine Corpus Cancer; Stage IVA Uterine Corpus Cancer; Stage IVB Uterine Corpus Cancer

Spinal Endocannabinoids and CB1 Receptors Mediate C-Fiber-Induced Heterosynaptic Pain Plasticity

PubMed Central

Pernía-Andrade, Alejandro J.; Kato, Ako; Witschi, Robert; Nyilas, Rita; Katona, István; Freund, Tamás F.; Watanabe, Masahiko; Filitz, Jörg; Koppert, Wolfgang; Schüttler, Jürgen; Ji, Guangchen; Neugebauer, Volker; Marsicano, Giovanni; Lutz, Beat; Vanegas, Horacio; Zeilhofer, Hanns Ulrich

2010-01-01

Diminished synaptic inhibition in the spinal dorsal horn is a major contributor to chronic pain. Pathways, which reduce synaptic inhibition in inflammatory and neuropathic pain states, have been identified, but central hyperalgesia and diminished dorsal horn synaptic inhibition also occur in the absence of inflammation or neuropathy, solely triggered by intense nociceptive (C–fiber) input to the spinal dorsal horn. We found that endocannabinoids produced upon strong nociceptive stimulation activated CB1 receptors on inhibitory dorsal horn neurons to reduce the synaptic release of GABA and glycine and thus rendered nociceptive neurons excitable by non-painful stimuli. Spinal endocannabinoids and CB1 receptors on inhibitory dorsal horn interneurons act as mediators of heterosynaptic pain sensitization and play an unexpected role in dorsal horn pain controlling circuits. PMID:19661434

Protective effect of sildenafil citrate on contralateral testis injury after unilateral testicular torsion/detorsion.

PubMed

Yíldíz, Hamit; Durmus, Ali Said; Simşek, Halil; Yaman, Mine

2011-01-01

This study was designed to investigate prevention of contralateral testicular injury with sildenafil citrate after unilateral testicular torsion/detorsion. Thirty-seven adult male rats were divided into four groups: sham operated (group 1, n = 7), torsion/detorsion + saline (group 2, n = 10), torsion/detorsion + 0.7 mg of sildenafil citrate (group 3, n = 10) and torsion/detorsion + 1.4 mg of sildenafil citrate (group 4, n = 10). Unilateral testicular torsion was created by rotating the right testis 720º in a clockwise direction for 2 h in other groups, except for group 1, which was served as sham group. After torsion (2 h) and detorsion (2 h) periods, rats were killed. The level of reduced glutathion (GSH) (p < 0.05) and the activities of catalase (p < 0.01) and glutathione peroxidase (p < 0.05) in the contralateral testis from group 2 were significantly lower and nitric oxide (NO) (p < 0.05) level in the contralateral testis were significantly higher than those of group 1. Administration of low-dose sildenafil citrate (group 3) prevented the increases in malondialdehyde and NO levels and decreases in glutathione peroxidase activities and GSH values induced by testicular torsion. However, administration of high-dose sildenafil citrate (group 4) had no effect on these testicular parameters (p > 0.05). Histopathological changes were detected in groups 2, 3 and 4. These results suggest that biochemically and histologically torsion/detorsion injury occurs in the contralateral testis following 2-h torsion and 2-h detorsion and that administration of low-dose sildenafil citrate before detorsion prevents ischemia/reperfusion cellular damage in testicular tissue.

Three-dimensional morphology of the Sinocyclocheilus hyalinus (Cypriniformes : Cyprinidae) horn based on synchrotron X-ray microtomography.

PubMed

He, You; Chen, Xiao-Yong; Xiao, Ti-Qao; Yang, Jun-Xing

2013-10-01

Sinocyclocheilus is a cave-dwelling cyprinid genus endemic to southwest China. Several species possess a conspicuous horn on their head, which has been suggested as a constructive troglomorphic trait but lacks substantial evidence. We used non-invasive, high spatial resolution synchrotron X-ray microtomography to investigate the three-dimensional (3D) morphology of the horn of Sinocyclocheilus hyalinus, one of eight such troglobiotic species. 3D renderings demonstrated the osteological components, which were comprised of a rear wall comprised of the supraoccipital bone, a remaining frontal wall with numerous fenestrae, and the bottom continuous with the parietal and epiotic. A horn cavity occurred within the horn. The fenestrae in the frontal wall were continuous in the horn cavity and showed elaborate channeling, and were, connected to the cranial cavity by soft tissue. We tentatively called this configuration the "otocornual connection" due to its anatomic and putative functional similarity to the otolateralic connection in clupeids and loricariids, which provide an indirect pathway to enhance perception of underwater sound signals. This study provides a functional morphology context for further histological and physiological investigations of such horn structures in Sinocyclocheilus cavefish, and we suggest that the horn might enhance acoustic perception to compensate for visual loss in subterranean life, which warrants future physiological examination as lab-reared S. hyalinus become available. Sinocyclocheilus is a cave-dwelling cyprinid genus endemic to southwest China. Several species possess a conspicuous horn on their head, which has been suggested as a constructive troglomorphic trait but lacks substantial evidence. We used non-invasive, high spatial resolution synchrotron X-ray microtomography to investigate the three-dimensional (3D) morphology of the horn of Sinocyclocheilus hyalinus , one of eight such troglobiotic species. 3D renderings demonstrated the osteological components, which were comprised of a rear wall comprised of the supraoccipital bone, a remaining frontal wall with numerous fenestrae, and the bottom continuous with the parietal and epiotic. A horn cavity occurred within the horn. The fenestrae in the frontal wall were continuous in the horn cavity and showed elaborate channeling, and were, connected to the cranial cavity by soft tissue. We tentatively called this configuration the "otocornual connection" due to its anatomic and putative functional similarity to the otolateralic connection in clupeids and loricariids, which provide an indirect pathway to enhance perception of underwater sound signals. This study provides a functional morphology context for further histological and physiological investigations of such horn structures in Sinocyclocheilus cavefish, and we suggest that the horn might enhance acoustic perception to compensate for visual loss in subterranean life, which warrants future physiological examination as lab-reared S. hyalinus become available.

Effects of axial compression and rotation angle on torsional mechanical properties of bovine caudal discs.

PubMed

Bezci, Semih E; Klineberg, Eric O; O'Connell, Grace D

2018-01-01

The intervertebral disc is a complex joint that acts to support and transfer large multidirectional loads, including combinations of compression, tension, bending, and torsion. Direct comparison of disc torsion mechanics across studies has been difficult, due to differences in loading protocols. In particular, the lack of information on the combined effect of multiple parameters, including axial compressive preload and rotation angle, makes it difficult to discern whether disc torsion mechanics are sensitive to the variables used in the test protocol. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate compression-torsion mechanical behavior of healthy discs under a wide range of rotation angles. Bovine caudal discs were tested under a range of compressive preloads (150, 300, 600, and 900N) and rotation angles (± 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5°) applied at a rate of 0.5°/s. Torque-rotation data were used to characterize shape changes in the hysteresis loop and to calculate disc torsion mechanics. Torsional mechanical properties were described using multivariate regression models. The rate of change in torsional mechanical properties with compression depended on the maximum rotation angle applied, indicating a strong interaction between compressive stress and maximum rotation angle. The regression models reported here can be used to predict disc torsion mechanics under axial compression for a given disc geometry, compressive preload, and rotation angle. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Comparison of torsional and longitudinal modes using phacoemulsification parameters.

PubMed

Rekas, Marek; Montés-Micó, Robert; Krix-Jachym, Karolina; Kluś, Adam; Stankiewicz, Andrzej; Ferrer-Blasco, Teresa

2009-10-01

To compare phacoemulsification parameters of torsional and longitudinal ultrasound modes. Ophthalmology Department, Military Health Service Institute, Warsaw, Poland. This prospective study evaluated eyes 1, 7, and 30 days after phacoemulsification with an Infiniti Vision System using the torsional or longitudinal ultrasound (US) mode. Cataract classification was according to the Lens Opacities Classification System II. Nucleus fragmentation was by the phaco-chop and quick-chop methods. Primary outcome measures were phaco time, mean phaco power, mean torsional amplitude, and aspiration time. Total energy, defined as cumulative dissipated energy (CDE) x aspiration time, and the effective coefficient, defined as aspiration time/phaco time, were also calculated. Four hundred eyes were evaluated. The CDE was statistically significantly lower in the torsional mode for nucleus grades I, II, and III (P<.001) but not for grade IV (P>.05). Aspiration time was statistically significantly shorter in the torsional mode than in the longitudinal mode for nucleus grades III and IV (P<.05). Total energy was significantly lower in the torsional mode for all nucleus densities (P<.05). The effective coefficient was significantly lower in the longitudinal mode except for nucleus grade I (P<.05). Torsional phacoemulsification was more effective than longitudinal phacoemulsification in the amount of applied fluid and the quantity of US energy expended. With the torsional method, it was possible to maintain a constant ratio of amount of fluid flow to quantity of US energy used, regardless of nucleus density.

Effects of temperature, loading rate and nanowire length on torsional deformation and mechanical properties of aluminium nanowires investigated using molecular dynamics simulation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sung, Po-Hsien; Wu, Cheng-Da; Fang, Te-Hua

2012-05-01

Single-crystal aluminium nanowires under torsion are studied using molecular dynamics simulations based on the many-body tight-binding potential. The effects of temperature, loading rate and nanowire length are evaluated in terms of atomic trajectories, potential energy, von Mises stress, a centrosymmetry parameter, torque, shear modulus and radial distribution function. Simulation results clearly show that torsional deformation begins at the surface, extends close to the two ends and finally diffuses to the middle part. The critical torsional angle which represents the beginning of plastic deformation varies with different conditions. Before the critical torsional angle is reached, the potential energy and the torque required for the deformation of a nanowire significantly increase with the torsional angle. The critical torsional angle increases with increasing nanowire length and loading rate and decreasing temperature. The torque required for the deformation decreases and the shear modulus increases with increasing nanowire length. For higher temperatures and higher loading rates, torsional buckling more easily occurs at the two ends of a nanowire, whereas it occurs towards the middle part at or below room temperature with lower loading rates. Geometry instability occurs before material instability (buckling) for a long nanowire.

Electrophysiological examination and high frequency ultrasonography for diagnosis of radial nerve torsion and compression

PubMed Central

Shi, Miao; Qi, Hengtao; Ding, Hongyu; Chen, Feng; Xin, Zhaoqin; Zhao, Qinghua; Guan, Shibing; Shi, Hao

2018-01-01

Abstract This study aims to evaluate the value of electrophysiological examination and high frequency ultrasonography in the differential diagnosis of radial nerve torsion and radial nerve compression. Patients with radial nerve torsion (n = 14) and radial nerve compression (n = 14) were enrolled. The results of neurophysiological and high frequency ultrasonography were compared. Electrophysiological examination and high-frequency ultrasonography had a high diagnostic rate for both diseases with consistent results. Of the 28 patients, 23 were positive for electrophysiological examination, showing decreased amplitude and decreased conduction velocity of radial nerve; however, electrophysiological examination cannot distinguish torsion from compression. A total of 27 cases showed positive in ultrasound examinations among all 28 cases. On ultrasound images, the nerve was thinned at torsion site whereas thickened at the distal ends of torsion. The diameter and cross-sectional area of torsion or compression determined the nerve damage, and ultrasound could locate the nerve injury site and measure the length of the nerve. Electrophysiological examination and high-frequency ultrasonography can diagnose radial neuropathy, with electrophysiological examination reflecting the neurological function, and high-frequency ultrasound differentiating nerve torsion from compression. PMID:29480857

Structural evolution of nanoscale metallic glasses during high-pressure torsion: A molecular dynamics analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Feng, S. D.; Jiao, W.; Jing, Q.; Qi, L.; Pan, S. P.; Li, G.; Ma, M. Z.; Wang, W. H.; Liu, R. P.

2016-11-01

Structural evolution in nanoscale Cu50Zr50 metallic glasses during high-pressure torsion is investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. Results show that the strong cooperation of shear transformations can be realized by high-pressure torsion in nanoscale Cu50Zr50 metallic glasses at room temperature. It is further shown that high-pressure torsion could prompt atoms to possess lower five-fold symmetries and higher potential energies, making them more likely to participate in shear transformations. Meanwhile, a higher torsion period leads to a greater degree of forced cooperative flow. And the pronounced forced cooperative flow at room temperature under high-pressure torsion permits the study of the shear transformation, its activation and characteristics, and its relationship to the deformations behaviors. This research not only provides an important platform for probing the atomic-level understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of high-pressure torsion in metallic glasses, but also leads to higher stresses and homogeneous flow near lower temperatures which is impossible previously.

Ultrasonographic identification of nerve pathology in neuralgic amyotrophy: Enlargement, constriction, fascicular entwinement, and torsion.

PubMed

Arányi, Zsuzsanna; Csillik, Anita; Dévay, Katalin; Rosero, Maja; Barsi, Péter; Böhm, Josef; Schelle, Thomas

2015-10-01

The aim of this study was to characterize the ultrasonographic findings on nerves in neuralgic amyotrophy. Fourteen patients with neuralgic amyotrophy were examined using high-resolution ultrasound. Four types of abnormalities were found: (1) focal or diffuse nerve/fascicle enlargement (57%); (2) incomplete nerve constriction (36%); (3) complete nerve constriction with torsion (50%; hourglass-like appearance); and (4) fascicular entwinement (28%). Torsions were confirmed intraoperatively and were seen on the radial nerve in 85% of patients. A significant correlation was found between no spontaneous recovery of nerve function and constriction/torsion/fascicular entwinement (P = 0.007). Ultrasonographic nerve pathology in neuralgic amyotrophy varies in order of severity from nerve enlargement to constriction to nerve torsion, with treatment ranging from conservative to surgical. We postulate that the constriction caused by inflammation is the precursor of torsion and that development of nerve torsion is facilitated by the rotational movements of limbs. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Torsional Optomechanics of a Levitated Nonspherical Nanoparticle

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hoang, Thai M.; Ma, Yue; Ahn, Jonghoon; Bang, Jaehoon; Robicheaux, F.; Yin, Zhang-Qi; Li, Tongcang

2016-09-01

An optically levitated nanoparticle in vacuum is a paradigm optomechanical system for sensing and studying macroscopic quantum mechanics. While its center-of-mass motion has been investigated intensively, its torsional vibration has only been studied theoretically in limited cases. Here we report the first experimental observation of the torsional vibration of an optically levitated nonspherical nanoparticle in vacuum. We achieve this by utilizing the coupling between the spin angular momentum of photons and the torsional vibration of a nonspherical nanoparticle whose polarizability is a tensor. The torsional vibration frequency can be 1 order of magnitude higher than its center-of-mass motion frequency, which is promising for ground state cooling. We propose a simple yet novel scheme to achieve ground state cooling of its torsional vibration with a linearly polarized Gaussian cavity mode. A levitated nonspherical nanoparticle in vacuum will also be an ultrasensitive nanoscale torsion balance with a torque detection sensitivity on the order of 10-29 N m /√{Hz } under realistic conditions.

Quantum Enhanced Imaging by Entangled States

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-07-01

classes of entangled states. In tripartite systems two classes of genuine tripartite entanglement have been discovered, namely, the Greenberger -Horne...D. M. Greenberger , M. Horne and A. Zeilinger, in Bell’s Theorem, Quantum Theory, and Concepts of the Universe, ed. M. Kafatos (Kluwer, Dordrecht 1989...Gallium Indium Arsenide Phosphide (a III-V compound semiconductor) GHZ: Greenberger -Horne-Zeilinger (a class of entangled states) GLAD: General

Torsion balances with fibres of zero length

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Speake, Clive C.; Collins, Christopher J.

2018-04-01

Torsion balances have good immunity to tilt and low rotational stiffness. However precise control of the position of the suspended torsion 'bob' is difficult in the presence of ground vibrations and tilt and this is a limiting factor in applications where Casimir forces or putative non-Newtonian short-range forces are being measured. We describe how the desirable characteristics of torsion balances can be reproduced in a rigid body that is suspended using applied forces rather than a torsion fibre. The suspension system can then provide a more precise control of the degrees of freedom of the suspended body. We apply these ideas to a superconducting levitated torsion balance, developed by the authors, and a generic electrostatic suspension. We present results of preliminary experiments that provide support for our analyses.

Torsional Properties of TiNi Shape Memory Alloy Tape for Rotary Actuator

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Takeda, K.; Tobushi, H.; Mitsui, K.; Nishimura, Y.; Miyamoto, K.

2012-12-01

In order to develop novel shape memory actuators, the torsional deformation of a shape memory alloy (SMA) tape and the actuator models driven by the tape were investigated. The results obtained can be summarized as follows. In the SMA tape subjected to torsion, the martensitic transformation appears along both edges of the tape due to elongation of these elements and grows to the central part. The fatigue life in both the pulsating torsion and alternating torsion is expressed by the unified relationship of the dissipated work in each cycle. Based on an opening and closing door model and a solar-powered active blind model, the two-way rotary driving actuator with a small and simple mechanism can be developed by using torsion of the SMA tape.

High-Aperture-Efficiency Horn Antenna

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pickens, Wesley; Hoppe, Daniel; Epp, Larry; Kahn, Abdur

2005-01-01

A horn antenna (see Figure 1) has been developed to satisfy requirements specific to its use as an essential component of a high-efficiency Ka-band amplifier: The combination of the horn antenna and an associated microstrip-patch antenna array is required to function as a spatial power divider that feeds 25 monolithic microwave integrated-circuit (MMIC) power amplifiers. The foregoing requirement translates to, among other things, a further requirement that the horn produce a uniform, vertically polarized electromagnetic field in its patches identically so that the MMICs can operate at maximum efficiency. The horn is fed from a square waveguide of 5.9436-mm-square cross section via a transition piece. The horn features cosine-tapered, dielectric-filled longitudinal corrugations in its vertical walls to create a hard boundary condition: This aspect of the horn design causes the field in the horn aperture to be substantially vertically polarized and to be nearly uniform in amplitude and phase. As used here, cosine-tapered signifies that the depth of the corrugations is a cosine function of distance along the horn. Preliminary results of finite-element simulations of performance have shown that by virtue of the cosine taper the impedance response of this horn can be expected to be better than has been achieved previously in a similar horn having linearly tapered dielectric- filled longitudinal corrugations. It is possible to create a hard boundary condition by use of a single dielectric-filled corrugation in each affected wall, but better results can be obtained with more corrugations. Simulations were performed for a one- and a three-corrugation cosine-taper design. For comparison, a simulation was also performed for a linear- taper design (see Figure 2). The three-corrugation design was chosen to minimize the cost of fabrication while still affording acceptably high performance. Future designs using more corrugations per wavelength are expected to provide better field responses and, hence, greater aperture efficiencies.

Pullout failure strength of the posterior horn of the medial meniscus with root ligament tear.

PubMed

Kim, Young-Mo; Joo, Yong-Bum

2013-07-01

To evaluate the reparability of the posterior horn of the medial meniscus with root ligament tear by measuring the actual pullout failure strength of a simple vertical suture of an arthroscopic subtotal meniscectomized posterior horn of the medial meniscus. From November 2009 to May 2010, nine posterior horns of the medial meniscus specimens were collected from arthroscopic subtotal meniscectomy performed as a treatment for root ligament rupture of the posterior horn of the medial meniscus. Simple vertical sutures were performed on the specimens, and pullout failure load was tested with a biaxial servohydraulic testing machine (Model 8874; Instron Corp., Norwood, MA, USA). The degree of degeneration, extrusion, and medial displacement of the medial meniscus were evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The Kellgren-Lawrence classification was used in standing plain radiography, and mechanical alignment was measured using orthoroentgenography. Tear morphology was classified into ligament proper type or meniscoligamentous junctional type according to the site of the torn root ligament of the posterior horn of the medial meniscus during arthroscopy. The mean pullout failure strength of the posterior horn of the medial meniscus was 71.6 ± 23.2 N (range, 41.4-107.7 N). The degree of degeneration of the posterior horn of the medial meniscus on MRI showed statistically significant correlation with pullout failure strength and Kellgren-Lawrence classification. Pullout failure strength showed correlation with mechanical alignment and Kellgren-Lawrence classification (P < 0.05). The measurement of pullout failure strength of the posterior horn of the medial meniscus with root ligament tear showed a degree of repairability. The degree of degeneration of the posterior horn of the medial meniscus on MRI showed a significant correlation with the pullout failure strength. The pullout failure strength was also not only correlated with the degree of degeneration of the posterior horn of the medial meniscus, but also with mechanical alignment and Kellgren-Lawrence classification, which represent bony degenerative change.

Factors influencing the dosimetry for high-intensity focused ultrasound ablation of uterine fibroids: a retrospective study.

PubMed

Peng, Song; Zhang, Lian; Hu, Liang; Chen, Jinyun; Ju, Jin; Wang, Xi; Zhang, Rong; Wang, Zhibiao; Chen, Wenzhi

2015-04-01

The aim of this article is to analyze factors affecting sonication dose and build a dosimetry model of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation for uterine fibroids. Four hundred and three patients with symptomatic uterine fibroids who underwent HIFU were retrospectively analyzed. The energy efficiency factor (EEF) was set as dependent variable, and the factors possibly affecting sonication dose included age, body mass index, size of uterine fibroid, abdominal wall thickness, the distance from uterine fibroid dorsal side to sacrum, the distance from uterine fibroid ventral side to skin, location of uterus, location of uterine fibroids, type of uterine fibroids, abdominal wall scar, signal intensity on T2-weighted imaging (T2WI), and enhancement type on T1-weighted imaging (T1WI) were set as predictors to build a multiple regression model. The size of uterine fibroid, distance from fibroid ventral side to skin, location of uterus, location of uterine fibroids, type of uterine fibroids, signal intensity on T2WI, and enhancement type on T1WI had a linear correlation with EEF. The distance from fibroid ventral side to skin, enhancement type on T1WI, size of uterine fibroid, and signal intensity on T2WI were eventually incorporated into the dosimetry model. The distance from fibroid ventral side to skin, enhancement type on T1WI, size of uterine fibroid, and signal intensity on T2WI can be used as dosimetric predictors for HIFU for uterine fibroids.

Hyperkalemia and acute kidney failure associated with preoperative uterine artery embolization for a large uterine fibroid: a case report.

PubMed

Tanaka, Keiko; Koizumi, Toshimitsu; Higa, Takeru; Imai, Noriaki

2016-11-01

Preoperative uterine artery embolization has been shown to help reduce blood loss, with few complications. Most reports indicated that uterine artery embolization is safe for uterine fibrosis; the occurrence of hyperkalemia and acute kidney failure as complications of preoperative uterine artery embolization has not been reported previously. Here we report the occurrence of hyperkalemia and acute kidney failure after preoperative uterine artery embolization for a large uterine fibroid. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the occurrence of hyperkalemia and acute kidney failure after preoperative uterine artery embolization. A 48-year-old Japanese woman presented to our hospital complaining of compression in her abdomen and an abdominal mass. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a large uterine fibroid measuring 37.5×27×13.5 cm. Therefore, we planned preoperative uterine artery embolization to help reduce blood loss. However, hyperkalemia and acute kidney failure occurred owing to the development of necrotic tissue after uterine artery embolization; therefore, emergency total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy were performed. She experienced 105 g of blood loss intraoperatively. The weight of her uterus was 10.8 kg and the volume was 9964 cm 3 , with extensive necrotic tissue. Her hyperkalemia and kidney failure resolved after the surgery. We reported the occurrence of serious complications, including hyperkalemia and acute kidney failure, after preoperative uterine artery embolization for a large uterine fibroid.

MSTor version 2013: A new version of the computer code for the multi-structural torsional anharmonicity, now with a coupled torsional potential

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zheng, Jingjing; Meana-Pañeda, Rubén; Truhlar, Donald G.

2013-08-01

We present an improved version of the MSTor program package, which calculates partition functions and thermodynamic functions of complex molecules involving multiple torsions; the method is based on either a coupled torsional potential or an uncoupled torsional potential. The program can also carry out calculations in the multiple-structure local harmonic approximation. The program package also includes seven utility codes that can be used as stand-alone programs to calculate reduced moment of inertia matrices by the method of Kilpatrick and Pitzer, to generate conformational structures, to calculate, either analytically or by Monte Carlo sampling, volumes for torsional subdomains defined by Voronoi tessellation of the conformational subspace, to generate template input files for the MSTor calculation and Voronoi calculation, and to calculate one-dimensional torsional partition functions using the torsional eigenvalue summation method. Restrictions: There is no limit on the number of torsions that can be included in either the Voronoi calculation or the full MS-T calculation. In practice, the range of problems that can be addressed with the present method consists of all multitorsional problems for which one can afford to calculate all the conformational structures and their frequencies. Unusual features: The method can be applied to transition states as well as stable molecules. The program package also includes the hull program for the calculation of Voronoi volumes, the symmetry program for determining point group symmetry of a molecule, and seven utility codes that can be used as stand-alone programs to calculate reduced moment-of-inertia matrices by the method of Kilpatrick and Pitzer, to generate conformational structures, to calculate, either analytically or by Monte Carlo sampling, volumes of the torsional subdomains defined by Voronoi tessellation of the conformational subspace, to generate template input files, and to calculate one-dimensional torsional partition functions using the torsional eigenvalue summation method. Additional comments: The program package includes a manual, installation script, and input and output files for a test suite. Running time: There are 26 test runs. The running time of the test runs on a single processor of the Itasca computer is less than 2 s. References: [1] MS-T(C) method: Quantum Thermochemistry: Multi-Structural Method with Torsional Anharmonicity Based on a Coupled Torsional Potential, J. Zheng and D.G. Truhlar, Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation 9 (2013) 1356-1367, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ct3010722. [2] MS-T(U) method: Practical Methods for Including Torsional Anharmonicity in Thermochemical Calculations of Complex Molecules: The Internal-Coordinate Multi-Structural Approximation, J. Zheng, T. Yu, E. Papajak, I, M. Alecu, S.L. Mielke, and D.G. Truhlar, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 13 (2011) 10885-10907.

Attachment area of fibres from the horns of lateral meniscus: anatomic study with special reference to the positional relationship of anterior cruciate ligament.

PubMed

Fujishiro, Hitomi; Tsukada, Sachiyuki; Nakamura, Tomomasa; Nimura, Akimoto; Mochizuki, Tomoyuki; Akita, Keiichi

2017-02-01

Although studies support the clinical importance of the fibres from the horns of lateral meniscus (LM), few studies have investigated the detailed anatomy. This anatomic study was conducted to analyse the structural details of LM with special reference to (1) the attachment area of the fibres from the anterior and posterior horns and (2) the positional relationship between these fibres and the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). A total of 24 cadaveric knees were used in the macroscopic investigation, and six knees were used in the histological investigation. Micro-computed tomography analysis was also performed to assess the anatomy of the posteriormost fibre from the posterior horn of LM. Based on the macroscopic investigations, the outer fibres from the anterior horn of LM extended to ACL and seemed to intermingle with ACL fibres. However, the histological investigations showed a distinct border between the fibres and ACL. The inner fibres from the anterior horn of LM attached to the lateral intercondylar tubercle serving as a lateral margin of ACL attachment. Fibres from the posterior horn of LM were separated into anterolateral and posteromedial crura which attached to the posterior aspect of the lateral and medial intercondylar tubercles, respectively. These two crura formed the posterior margin of the ACL attachment, except for the central part of ACL. The outer fibres from the anterior horn of LM adjoined ACL. The inner fibres from the anterior horn of LM and two crura from the posterior horn of LM formed the border of the attachment area of ACL. The distinctive fibre anatomy from LM could provide a surgical landmark during arthroscopic surgery.

Effects of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide on physical and biochemical properties of the claw horn of Holstein cows

PubMed Central

Higuchi, Hidetoshi; Kurumado, Hisatoshi; Mori, Maya; Degawa, Aiko; Fujisawa, Hideyo; Kuwano, Atsutoshi; Nagahata, Hajime

2009-01-01

The effects of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide on the physical and biochemical properties of the claw horn of Holstein cows were evaluated. Significant (P < 0.05, 0.01) decreases in hardness and elasticity were found in claw horns soaked in ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) solutions compared with those that were soaked in water for 12, 24, and 48 h. Water absorption rate, as a indicator of permeability barrier function, increased significantly (P < 0.05) over time during the soaking period and was found to be dependent on the concentrations of NH3 and H2S in the solutions. The contents of ceramide, the main lipid component for the permeability barrier system of the stratum corneum, were significantly decreased in claw horns soaked in NH3 and H2S solutions compared with the values before soaking. Quantities of eluted protein released from claw horns treated with NH3 and H2S solutions were approximately 20 times and 30 to 40 times greater than those released from claw horns treated with water alone. Interestingly, the quantities of cytokeratin 10, the main cytoskeletal protein of the stratum corneum, eluted from claw horns treated with NH3 and H2S solutions were markedly greater than the quantity released from horns soaked in water. Our results suggest that abnormal changes in the physical property of claw horn caused by NH3 and H2S treatment are due to disruption of the biochemical property of the claw horn induced by these chemical agents derived from slurry. PMID:19337390

A 55-Year-Old Man with Right Testicular Pain: Too Old for Torsion?

PubMed

Tang, Yu Ho; Yeung, Victor Hip Wo; Chu, Peggy Sau Kwan; Man, Chi Wai

2017-02-01

Testicular torsion is predominantly a disease of adolescence, but age itself should not be an exclusion criterion for the diagnosis. A lack of suspicion for testicular torsion in older patients may result in a missed or delayed diagnosis which jeopardizes the chance of testicular salvage. In this article, we report a case of testicular torsion in a 55-year-old Chinese man.

Magnesium: does it reduce ischemia/reperfusion injury in an adnexal torsion rat model?

PubMed Central

Celik Kavak, Ebru; Gulcu Bulmus, Funda; Bulmus, Ozgur; Kavak, Salih Burcin; Kocaman, Nevin

2018-01-01

Aim The aim of the present study was to assess the protective effects of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) on ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) induced ovarian damage in a rat ovarian torsion model. Methods Forty-two female Sprague Dawley rats were included in the study. They were divided into six groups as Group 1, sham; Group 2, bilateral ovarian torsion; Group 3, bilateral ovarian torsion–detorsion; Group 4, MgSO4–sham; Group 5, MgSO4–bilateral ovarian torsion; Group 6, bilateral ovarian torsion–MgSO4–detorsion. Both torsion and detorsion periods lasted 3 hours. In Groups 4, 5 and 6, MgSO4 (600 mg/kg) was administered by intraperitoneal route 30 minutes before sham operation, torsion and detorsion, respectively. At the end of the study period, both ovaries were removed. One of the ovaries was used for histopathological analyses and the other for biochemical analyses. Results In the torsion–detorsion group, all the histopathological scores were higher compared to the sham and torsion only group (p<0.05). Administration of MgSO4 only caused significant decrease in the inflammatory cell scores of the torsion–detorsion group (p<0.05). MgSO4, whether given before torsion or before detorsion, suppressed malondialdehyde levels when compared to the untreated groups (p<0.01 and p<0.001, respectively). Glutathione peroxidase activities were significantly higher in the MgSO4 applied torsion and detorsion groups than Groups 2 and 3 (p<0.05, for both). Administration of MgSO4 also caused an increase in glutathione levels in the torsion and detorsion groups compared to the torsion only and detorsion only groups (p<0.05, for both). Also, total oxidant status levels decreased in the MgSO4 applied torsion and detorsion groups compared to the untreated corresponding ones (p<0.01 and p<0.001, respectively). MgSO4 significantly decreased the Oxidative Stress Index levels in the torsion–detorsion group compared to Group 2 (p<0.001). Conclusion Histopathological and biochemical analysis revealed that prophylactic treatment with MgSO4 reduces the changes observed in I/R injury in a rat model. PMID:29535502

Is a history of cesarean section a risk factor for abnormal uterine bleeding in patients with uterine leiomyoma?

PubMed

Kinay, Tugba; Basarir, Zehra O; Tuncer, Serap F; Akpinar, Funda; Kayikcioglu, Fulya; Koc, Sevgi; Karakaya, Jale

2016-08-01

To determine whether a history of cesarean section was a risk factor for abnormal uterine bleeding in patients with uterine leiomyomas, and to identify other risk factors for this symptom. We analyzed retrospectively, the medical records of patients who underwent hysterectomies due to the presence of uterine leiomyomas during a 6-year period (2009 and 2014) at Etlik Zubeyde Hanim Women's Health Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. Uterine leiomyoma was diagnosed based on histopathological examination of hysterectomy specimens. Demographic characteristics, and laboratory and histopathological findings were compared between patients with uterine leiomyoma with and without abnormal uterine bleeding. In total, 501 (57.9%) patients had abnormal uterine bleeding and 364 (42.1%) patients had other symptoms. A history of cesarean section was more common in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding than in those with other symptoms (17.6% versus 9.3%, p=0.001; odds ratio [OR]: 2.1; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.4-3.3). The presence of a submucosal leiomyoma (OR: 2.1; 95% CI: 1.5-3.1) and coexistent adenomyosis (OR: 1.6; 95% CI: 1.1-2.4) were also associated with abnormal uterine bleeding. A history of cesarean section was an independent risk factor for abnormal uterine bleeding in patients with uterine leiomyomas; submucosal leiomyoma and coexisting adenomyosis were also independent risk factors.

Is a history of cesarean section a risk factor for abnormal uterine bleeding in patients with uterine leiomyoma?

PubMed Central

Kinay, Tugba; Basarir, Zehra O.; Tuncer, Serap F.; Akpinar, Funda; Kayikcioglu, Fulya; Koc, Sevgi; Karakaya, Jale

2016-01-01

Objectives: To determine whether a history of cesarean section was a risk factor for abnormal uterine bleeding in patients with uterine leiomyomas, and to identify other risk factors for this symptom. Methods: We analyzed retrospectively, the medical records of patients who underwent hysterectomies due to the presence of uterine leiomyomas during a 6-year period (2009 and 2014) at Etlik Zubeyde Hanim Women’s Health Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. Uterine leiomyoma was diagnosed based on histopathological examination of hysterectomy specimens. Demographic characteristics, and laboratory and histopathological findings were compared between patients with uterine leiomyoma with and without abnormal uterine bleeding. Results: In total, 501 (57.9%) patients had abnormal uterine bleeding and 364 (42.1%) patients had other symptoms. A history of cesarean section was more common in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding than in those with other symptoms (17.6% versus 9.3%, p=0.001; odds ratio [OR]: 2.1; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.4-3.3). The presence of a submucosal leiomyoma (OR: 2.1; 95% CI: 1.5-3.1) and coexistent adenomyosis (OR: 1.6; 95% CI: 1.1-2.4) were also associated with abnormal uterine bleeding. Conclusion: A history of cesarean section was an independent risk factor for abnormal uterine bleeding in patients with uterine leiomyomas; submucosal leiomyoma and coexisting adenomyosis were also independent risk factors. PMID:27464864

Uterine Cancer—Health Professional Version

Cancer.gov

Most uterine cancers start in the endometrium, which is called endometrial cancer. Uterine sarcoma is a form of uterine cancer of the muscle and tissue that support the uterus. Find evidence-based information on uterine cancer treatment, causes and prevention, screening, research, genetics, and statistics.

Uterine Cancer—Patient Version

Cancer.gov

Uterine cancers can be of two types: endometrial cancer (common) and uterine sarcoma (rare). Endometrial cancer can often be cured. Uterine sarcoma is often more aggressive and harder to treat. Start here to find information on uterine cancer treatment, causes and prevention, screening, research, and statistics.

Chiral dynamos and magnetogenesis induced by torsionful Maxwell-Chern Simons electrodynamics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

de Andrade, L. C. Garcia

2018-03-01

Recently chiral anomalous currents have been investigated by Boyarsky et al. and Brandenburg et al. with respect to applications to the early universe. In this paper we show that these magnetic field anomalies, which can give rise to dynamo magnetic field amplification can also be linked to spacetime torsion through the use of a chemical potential and Maxwell electrodynamics with torsion firstly proposed by de Sabbata and Gasperini. When the axial torsion is constant this electrodynamics acquires the form of a Maxwell-Chern-Simmons (MCS) equations where the chiral current appears naturally and the zero component of torsion plays the role of a chemical potential, while the other components play the role of anisotropic conductivity. The chiral dynamo equation in torsionful spacetime is derived here from MSC electrodynamics. Here we have used a recently derived a torsion LV bound of T0˜ {10^{-26}} GeV and the constraint that this chiral magnetic field is a seed for galactic dynamo. This estimate is weaker than the one obtained from the chiral battery seed of ˜ {10^{30}} G without making use of Cartan torsion. The torsion obtained here was derived at 500 pc coherence scale. When a chiral MF is forced to seed a galactic dynamo one obtains a yet weaker MF, of the order of B˜ {10^{12}} G, which is the value of a MF at nucleosynthesis. By the use of chiral dynamo equations from parity-violating torsion one obtains a seed field of B˜ {10^{27}} G, which is a much stronger MF closer to the one obtained by making use of chiral batteries. Chiral vortical currents in non-Riemannian spacetimes derived in Riemannian spaces previously by Flaschi and Fukushima are extended to include minimal coupling with torsion. The present universe yields B˜ {10^{-24}} G, still sufficient to seed galactic dynamos.

Ghrelin and NUCB2/Nesfatin-1 expression in unilateral testicular torsion-induced rats with and without N-acetylcysteine.

PubMed

Sarac, M; Bakal, U; Tartar, T; Kuloglu, T; Yardim, M; Artas, G; Aydin, S; Kazez, A

2017-08-15

Testicular torsion (TT) is a common urological problem in the field of pediatric surgery. The degree and duration of torsion determines the degree of testicular damage; however, its effects on the expression of octanoylated ghrelin and nucleobindin 2 (NUCB2) /nesfatin-1 synthetized from testicular tissue remain unclear. We explored the effects of experimentally induced unilateral TT on serum and contralateral testicular tissue ghrelin and NUCB2/nesfatin-1 levels, and determined whether N-acetyl cysteine (NAS) treatment had any effects on their expression. A total of 42 Wistar Albino strain rats were divided into 7 groups: Group (G) I control, GII sham, GIII 12-hour torsion, GIV 12-hour torsion + detorsion + 100 mg/kg NAS, GV 24-hour torsion, GVI 24-hour torsion + detorsion + 100 mg/kg NAS, and GVII 100 mg/kg NAS. Octanoylated ghrelin and NUCB2/nesfatin-1 concentrations were evaluated in serum using the ELISA method and in testicular tissue with immunohistochemical methods. Immunoreactivity of octanoylated ghrelin significantly increased in GI compared to GIII, GV, and GVI (p<0.05). NUCB2/nesfatin-1 immunoreactivity increased in GV and GVIII relative to GI (p<0.05). In the 12-hour torsion group, a significant decrease in octanoylated ghrelin levels with NAS treatment was observed; however, in the 24-hour torsion group, a significant decrease was not observed. In the 12-hour torsion + NAS treatment group, a significant change was not observed in NUCB2/nesfatin-1 expression. Following 24-hour torsion, an increase in NUCB2/nesfatin-1 levels was observed, and NAS treatment did not reverse this increase. It was determined that increases in the expression of octanoylated ghrelin and NUCB2/nesfatin-1, the latter of which was a result of TT, reflect damage in this tissue. Importantly, NAS treatment could prevent this damage. Thus, there may be a clinical application for the combined use of NAS and octanoylated ghrelin in preventing TT-related infertility.

Advanced Antennas Enabled by Electromagnetic Metamaterials

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-12-01

radiation patterns of a conical horn antenna and three soft horns with various homogeneous metasurface liners. The maximum cross-polarization level was...inhomogencous metasurface liners covering both the flared horn section and the straight waveguide section. The mctahorn is fed by a circular waveguide...with a diameter of 20 mm. (b) The sizes of the metallic patches at each row of the metasurface in the flared horn section. Both the length and width

The Fat-Dachsous signaling pathway regulates growth of horns in Trypoxylus dichotomus, but does not affect horn allometry.

PubMed

Hust, James; Lavine, Mark D; Worthington, Amy M; Zinna, Robert; Gotoh, Hiroki; Niimi, T; Lavine, Laura

Males of the Asian rhinoceros beetle, Trypoxylus dichotomus, possess exaggerated head and thoracic horns that scale dramatically out of proportion to body size. While studies of insulin signaling suggest that this pathway regulates nutrition-dependent growth including exaggerated horns, what regulates disproportionate growth has yet to be identified. The Fat signaling pathway is a potential candidate for regulating disproportionate growth of sexually-selected traits, a hypothesis we advanced in a previous paper (Gotoh et al., 2015). To investigate the role of Fat signaling in the growth and scaling of the sexually dimorphic, condition-dependent traits of the in the Asian rhinoceros beetle T. dichotomus, we used RNA interference to knock down expression of fat and its co-receptor dachsous. Knockdown of fat, and to a lesser degree dachsous, caused shortening and widening of appendages, including the head and thoracic horns. However, scaling of horns to body size was not affected. Our results show that Fat signaling regulates horn growth in T. dichotomus as it does in appendage growth in other insects. However, we provide evidence that Fat signaling does not mediate the disproportionate, positive allometric growth of horns in T. dichotomus. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Divergent oral cavity motor strategies between healthy elite and dystonic horn players.

PubMed

Iltis, Peter W; Frahm, Jens; Voit, Dirk; Joseph, Arun; Schoonderwaldt, Erwin; Altenmüller, Eckart

2015-01-01

This paper describes the use of real-time magnetic resonance imaging in visualizing and quantifying oral cavity motor strategies employed by 6 healthy, elite horn players and 5 horn players with embouchure dystonia. Serial images with an acquisition time of 33.3 ms were obtained from each performer during execution of an 11-note harmonic series encompassing 2.5 octaves on a magnetic resonance imaging-compatible horn. A customized MATLAB toolkit was employed for the extraction of line profiles from magnetic resonance imaging films allowing comparative analyses between elite and dystonic horn players. The data demonstrate differing motor strategies, particularly in moving from the 6th through 9th harmonics. The elite horn player strategy features elevation and anterior displacement of the tongue during ascending sequences, whereas dystonic players showed significantly less movement. The elite horn players thus narrowed the air channel on higher notes, presumably affording faster airflow for vibration of the lips at higher frequencies. We postulate that failure to employ this strategy by dystonic horn players may require greater tension in the embouchure muscles to compensate for slower air speed. Though this may simply be an expression of or adaptation for dystonia, the possibility that it may be a contributing factor in the development of embouchure dystonia is suggested.

Electronic theoretical study on the influence of torsional deformation on the electronic structure and optical properties of BN-doped graphene

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fan, Dazhi; Liu, Guili; Wei, Lin

2018-06-01

Based on the density functional theory, the effect of torsional deformation on the electronic structure and optical properties of boron nitride (BN)-doped graphene is studied by using the first-principles calculations. The band structure calculations show that the intrinsic graphene is a semi-metallic material with zero band gap and the torsional deformation has a large effect on its band gap, opening its band gap and turning it from the semi-metal to the medium band gap semiconductor. The doping of BN in graphene makes its band gap open and becomes a medium band gap semiconductor. When it is subjected to a torsional effect, it is found to have a weak influence on its band gap. In other words, the doping of BN makes the changes of the band gap of graphene no longer sensitive to torsional deformation. Optical properties show that the doping of BN leads to a significant decrease in the light absorption coefficient and reflectivity of the graphene at the characteristic peak and that of BN-doped graphene system is also weakened by torsional deformation at the characteristic peak. In the absorption spectrum, the absorption peaks of the doping system of the torsion angle of 2-20∘ are redshifted compared with that of the BN-doped system (the torsion angle is 0∘). In the reflection spectrum, the two reflection peaks are all redshifted relative to that of the BN-doped system (the torsion angle is 0∘) and when the torsion angle exceeds 12∘, the size relationship between the two peaks is interchanged. The results of this paper are of guiding significance for the study of graphene-based nanotube devices in terms of deformation.

Comparison of animal discs used in disc research to human lumbar disc: torsion mechanics and collagen content.

PubMed

Showalter, Brent L; Beckstein, Jesse C; Martin, John T; Beattie, Elizabeth E; Espinoza Orías, Alejandro A; Schaer, Thomas P; Vresilovic, Edward J; Elliott, Dawn M

2012-07-01

Experimental measurement and normalization of in vitro disc torsion mechanics and collagen content for several animal species used in intervertebral disc research and comparing these with the human disc. To aid in the selection of appropriate animal models for disc research by measuring torsional mechanical properties and collagen content. There is lack of data and variability in testing protocols for comparing animal and human disc torsion mechanics and collagen content. Intervertebral disc torsion mechanics were measured and normalized by disc height and polar moment of inertia for 11 disc types in 8 mammalian species: the calf, pig, baboon, goat, sheep, rabbit, rat, and mouse lumbar discs, and cow, rat, and mouse caudal discs. Collagen content was measured and normalized by dry weight for the same discs except the rat and the mouse. Collagen fiber stretch in torsion was calculated using an analytical model. Measured torsion parameters varied by several orders of magnitude across the different species. After geometric normalization, only the sheep and pig discs were statistically different from human discs. Fiber stretch was found to be highly dependent on the assumed initial fiber angle. The collagen content of the discs was similar, especially in the outer annulus where only the calf and goat discs were statistically different from human. Disc collagen content did not correlate with torsion mechanics. Disc torsion mechanics are comparable with human lumbar discs in 9 of 11 disc types after normalization by geometry. The normalized torsion mechanics and collagen content of the multiple animal discs presented are useful for selecting and interpreting results for animal disc models. Structural organization of the fiber angle may explain the differences that were noted between species after geometric normalization.

Practical Methods for Including Torsional Anharmonicity in Thermochemical Calculations on Complex Molecules: The Internal-Coordinate Multi-Structural Approximation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zheng, J.; Yu, T.; Papajak, E.

2011-01-01

Many methods for correcting harmonic partition functions for the presence of torsional motions employ some form of one-dimensional torsional treatment to replace the harmonic contribution of a specific normal mode. However, torsions are often strongly coupled to other degrees of freedom, especially other torsions and low-frequency bending motions, and this coupling can make assigning torsions to specific normal modes problematic. Here, we present a new class of methods, called multi-structural (MS) methods, that circumvents the need for such assignments by instead adjusting the harmonic results by torsional correction factors that are determined using internal coordinates. We present three versions ofmore » the MS method: (i) MS-AS based on including all structures (AS), i.e., all conformers generated by internal rotations; (ii) MS-ASCB based on all structures augmented with explicit conformational barrier (CB) information, i.e., including explicit calculations of all barrier heights for internal-rotation barriers between the conformers; and (iii) MS-RS based on including all conformers generated from a reference structure (RS) by independent torsions. In the MS-AS scheme, one has two options for obtaining the local periodicity parameters, one based on consideration of the nearly separable limit and one based on strongly coupled torsions. The latter involves assigning the local periodicities on the basis of Voronoi volumes. The methods are illustrated with calculations for ethanol, 1-butanol, and 1-pentyl radical as well as two one-dimensional torsional potentials. The MS-AS method is particularly interesting because it does not require any information about conformational barriers or about the paths that connect the various structures.« less

Practical methods for including torsional anharmonicity in thermochemical calculations on complex molecules: the internal-coordinate multi-structural approximation.

PubMed

Zheng, Jingjing; Yu, Tao; Papajak, Ewa; Alecu, I M; Mielke, Steven L; Truhlar, Donald G

2011-06-21

Many methods for correcting harmonic partition functions for the presence of torsional motions employ some form of one-dimensional torsional treatment to replace the harmonic contribution of a specific normal mode. However, torsions are often strongly coupled to other degrees of freedom, especially other torsions and low-frequency bending motions, and this coupling can make assigning torsions to specific normal modes problematic. Here, we present a new class of methods, called multi-structural (MS) methods, that circumvents the need for such assignments by instead adjusting the harmonic results by torsional correction factors that are determined using internal coordinates. We present three versions of the MS method: (i) MS-AS based on including all structures (AS), i.e., all conformers generated by internal rotations; (ii) MS-ASCB based on all structures augmented with explicit conformational barrier (CB) information, i.e., including explicit calculations of all barrier heights for internal-rotation barriers between the conformers; and (iii) MS-RS based on including all conformers generated from a reference structure (RS) by independent torsions. In the MS-AS scheme, one has two options for obtaining the local periodicity parameters, one based on consideration of the nearly separable limit and one based on strongly coupled torsions. The latter involves assigning the local periodicities on the basis of Voronoi volumes. The methods are illustrated with calculations for ethanol, 1-butanol, and 1-pentyl radical as well as two one-dimensional torsional potentials. The MS-AS method is particularly interesting because it does not require any information about conformational barriers or about the paths that connect the various structures.

The Effects of Torsional Preloading on the Torsional Resistance of Nickel-titanium Instruments.

PubMed

Oh, Seung-Hei; Ha, Jung-Hong; Kwak, Sang Won; Ahn, Shin Wook; Lee, WooCheol; Kim, Hyeon-Cheol

2017-01-01

This study evaluated the effect of torsional preloading on the torsional resistance of nickel-titanium (NiTi) endodontic instruments. WaveOne Primary (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) and ProTaper Universal F2 (Dentsply Maillefer) files were used. The ultimate torsional strength until fracture was determined for each instrument. In the phase 1 experiment, the ProTaper and WaveOne files were loaded to have a maximum load from 2.0 up to 2.7 or 2.8 Ncm, respectively. In the phase 2 experiment, the number of repetitions of preloading for each file was increased from 50 to 200, whereas the preloading torque was fixed at 2.4 Ncm. Using torsionally preloaded specimens from phase 1 and 2, the torsional resistances were calculated to determine the ultimate strength, distortion angle, and toughness. The results were analyzed using 1-way analysis of variance and Duncan post hoc comparison. The fracture surfaces and longitudinal aspect of 5 specimens per group were examined under a scanning electron microscope. All preloaded groups showed significantly higher ultimate strength than the unpreloaded groups (P < .05). There was no significant difference among all groups for distortion angle and toughness. Although WaveOne had no significant difference between the repetition groups for ultimate strength, fracture angle, and toughness, ProTaper had a higher distortion angle and toughness in the 50-repetition group compared with the other repetition groups (P < .05). Scanning electron microscopic examinations of the fractured surface showed typical features of torsional fracture. Torsional preloading within the ultimate values could enhance the torsional strength of NiTi instruments. The total energy until fracture was maintained constantly, regardless of the alloy type. Copyright © 2016 American Association of Endodontists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Determining optimal torsional ultrasound power for cataract surgery with automatic longitudinal pulses at maximum vacuum ex vivo.

PubMed

Ronquillo, Cecinio C; Zaugg, Brian; Stagg, Brian; Kirk, Kevin R; Gupta, Isha; Barlow, William R; Pettey, Jeff H; Olson, Randall J

2014-12-01

To determine the optimal longitudinal power settings for Infiniti OZil Intelligent Phaco (IP) at varying torsional amplitude settings; and to test the hypothesis that increasing longitudinal power is more important at lower torsional amplitudes to achieve efficient phacoemulsification. Laboratory investigation. setting: John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah. procedure: Individual porcine nuclei were fixed in formalin, then cut into 2.0 mm cubes. Lens cube phacoemulsification was done using OZil IP at 60%, 80%, and 100% torsional amplitude with 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 50%, 75%, or 100% longitudinal power. All experiments were done using a 20 gauge 0.9 mm bent reverse bevel phaco tip at constant vacuum (550 mm Hg), aspiration rate (40 mL/min), and bottle height (50 cm). main outcome measure: Complete lens particle phacoemulsification (efficiency). Linear regression analysis showed a significant increase in efficiency with increasing longitudinal power at 60% torsional amplitude (R(2) = 0.7269, P = .01) and 80% torsional amplitude (R(2) = 0.6995, P = .02) but not at 100% amplitude (R(2) = 0.3053, P = .2). Baseline comparison of 60% or 80% vs 100% torsional amplitude without longitudinal power showed increased efficiency at 100% (P = .0004). Increasing longitudinal power to 20% abolished the efficiency difference between 80% vs 100% amplitudes. In contrast, 75% longitudinal power abolished the efficiency difference between 60% vs 100% torsional amplitudes. Results suggest that longitudinal power becomes more critical at increasing phacoemulsification efficiencies at torsional amplitudes less than 100%. Increasing longitudinal power does not further increase efficiency at maximal torsional amplitudes. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Optical monitoring of testicular torsion using a miniaturized near infrared spectroscopy sensor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shadgan, Babak; Kajbafzadeh, Majid; Nigro, Mark; Kajbafzadeh, A. M.; Macnab, Andrew

2017-02-01

Background: Testicular torsion is an acute urological emergency occurring in children and adolescents. Accurate and fast diagnosis is important as the resulting ischemia can destroy the testis. Currently, Doppler ultrasound is the preferred diagnostic method. Ultrasound is not readily available in all centers which may delay surgical treatment. In this study, a rat model was used to examine the feasibility and sensitivity of using spatially-resolved near infrared spectroscopy (SR-NIRS) with a custom-made miniaturized optical sensor probe to detect and study changes in testicular hemodynamics and oxygenation during three degrees of induced testicular torsion, and after detorsion. Methods: Eight anesthetized rats (16 testes) were studied using SR-NIRS with the miniaturized optical probe applied directly onto the surface of the surgically exposed testis during 360, 720 and 1080 degrees of torsion followed by detorsion. Oxygenated, deoxygenated and total hemoglobin and TOI% were studied pre-and post-manipulations. Results: NIRS monitoring reflected acute testicular ischemia and hypoxia on induction of torsion, and tissue reperfusionreoxygenation after detorsion. Testicular torsion at 720 degrees induced the maximum observed degree of hypoxic changes. In all cases, rhythmic changes were observed in the NIRS signals before inducing torsion; these disappeared after applying 360 degrees of torsion and did not reappear after detorsion. Conclusion: This animal study indicates that SR-NIRS monitoring of the testes using a directly applied miniature sensor is a feasible and sensitive method to detect testicular ischemia and hypoxia immediately after torsion occurs, and testicular reperfusion upon detorsion. This study offers the potential for a SR-NIRS system with a miniaturized sensor to be explored further as a rapid, noninvasive, optical method for detecting testicular torsion in children.

Contribution of facet joints, axial compression, and composition to human lumbar disc torsion mechanics.

PubMed

Bezci, Semih E; Eleswarapu, Ananth; Klineberg, Eric O; O'Connell, Grace D

2018-02-12

Stresses applied to the spinal column are distributed between the intervertebral disc and facet joints. Structural and compositional changes alter stress distributions within the disc and between the disc and facet joints. These changes influence the mechanical properties of the disc joint, including its stiffness, range of motion, and energy absorption under quasi-static and dynamic loads. There have been few studies evaluating the role of facet joints in torsion. Furthermore, the relationship between biochemical composition and torsion mechanics is not well understood. Therefore, the first objective of this study was to investigate the role of facet joints in torsion mechanics of healthy and degenerated human lumbar discs under a wide range of compressive preloads. To achieve this, each disc was tested under four different compressive preloads (300-1200 N) with and without facet joints. The second objective was to develop a quantitative structure-function relationship between tissue composition and torsion mechanics. Facet joints have a significant contribution to disc torsional stiffness (∼60%) and viscoelasticity, regardless of the magnitude of axial compression. The findings from this study demonstrate that annulus fibrosus GAG content plays an important role in disc torsion mechanics. A decrease in GAG content with degeneration reduced torsion mechanics by more than an order of magnitude, while collagen content did not significantly influence disc torsion mechanics. The biochemical-mechanical and compression-torsion relationships reported in this study allow for better comparison between studies that use discs of varying levels of degeneration or testing protocols and provide important design criteria for biological repair strategies. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Comparison of Animal Discs Used in Disc Research to Human Lumbar Disc: Torsion Mechanics and Collagen Content

PubMed Central

Showalter, Brent L.; Beckstein, Jesse C.; Martin, John T.; Beattie, Elizabeth E.; Orías, Alejandro A. Espinoza; Schaer, Thomas P.; Vresilovic, Edward J.; Elliott, Dawn M.

2012-01-01

Study Design Experimental measurement and normalization of in vitro disc torsion mechanics and collagen content for several animal species used in intervertebral disc research and comparing these to the human disc. Objective To aid in the selection of appropriate animal models for disc research by measuring torsional mechanical properties and collagen content. Summary of Background Data There is lack of data and variability in testing protocols for comparing animal and human disc torsion mechanics and collagen content. Methods Intervertebral disc torsion mechanics were measured and normalized by disc height and polar moment of inertia for 11 disc types in 8 mammalian species: the calf, pig, baboon, goat, sheep, rabbit, rat, and mouse lumbar, and cow, rat, and mouse caudal. Collagen content was measured and normalized by dry weight for the same discs except the rat and mouse. Collagen fiber stretch in torsion was calculated using an analytical model. Results Measured torsion parameters varied by several orders of magnitude across the different species. After geometric normalization, only the sheep and pig discs were statistically different from human. Fiber stretch was found to be highly dependent on the assumed initial fiber angle. The collagen content of the discs was similar, especially in the outer annulus where only the calf and goat discs were statistically different from human. Disc collagen content did not correlate with torsion mechanics. Conclusion Disc torsion mechanics are comparable to human lumbar discs in 9 of 11 disc types after normalization by geometry. The normalized torsion mechanics and collagen content of the multiple animal discs presented is useful for selecting and interpreting results for animal models of the disc. Structural composition of the disc, such as initial fiber angle, may explain the differences that were noted between species after geometric normalization. PMID:22333953

Quantitative characterization of the (D2O)3 torsional manifold by terahertz laser spectroscopy and theoretical analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Viant, Mark R.; Brown, Mac G.; Cruzan, Jeff D.; Saykally, Richard J.; Geleijns, Michel; van der Avoird, Ad

1999-03-01

We report the measurement of two new perpendicular (D2O)3 torsional bands by terahertz laser vibration-rotation-tunneling (VRT) spectroscopy of a planar pulsed supersonic expansion. The first (28.0 cm-1) band corresponds to the k=±2l←0 transition, and is the lowest frequency vibrational spectrum observed for a water cluster. The second (81.8 cm-1) band originates in the first excited torsional state, and has been assigned as k=3u←±1l. An effective three-dimensional Hamiltonian is derived to describe the rotational structure of each torsional state. Degenerate torsional levels with k=±1 and k=±2 exhibit a Coriolis splitting linear in K implying the presence of vibrational angular momentum, and a second-order splitting from off-diagonal coupling between degenerate sublevels with +|k| and -|k|. With this effective Hamiltonian we fit a total of 554 rovibrational transitions in five different bands connecting the lowest nine torsional states, with a rms residual of 1.36 MHz. The data set comprises the two new VRT bands together with the 41.1 cm-1 parallel band, the 89.6 cm-1 parallel band, and the 98.1 cm-1 perpendicular band. This analysis provides a comprehensive characterization of the torsional energy levels in (D2O)3 up to 100 cm-1 above the zero-point energy, and confirms the torsional assignments for all five (D2O)3 VRT bands observed to date. Moreover, it vindicates the adiabatic separation of the trimer torsional and hydrogen bond stretch/bend vibrational modes which underlies the torsional model.

Coordinated Control of Three-Dimensional Components of Smooth Pursuit to Rotating and Translating Textures.

PubMed

Edinger, Janick; Pai, Dinesh K; Spering, Miriam

2017-01-01

The neural control of pursuit eye movements to visual textures that simultaneously translate and rotate has largely been neglected. Here we propose that pursuit of such targets-texture pursuit-is a fully three-dimensional task that utilizes all three degrees of freedom of the eye, including torsion. Head-fixed healthy human adults (n = 8) tracked a translating and rotating random dot pattern, shown on a computer monitor, with their eyes. Horizontal, vertical, and torsional eye positions were recorded with a head-mounted eye tracker. The torsional component of pursuit is a function of the rotation of the texture, aligned with its visual properties. We observed distinct behaviors between those trials in which stimulus rotation was in the same direction as that of a rolling ball ("natural") in comparison to those with the opposite rotation ("unnatural"): Natural rotation enhanced and unnatural rotation reversed torsional velocity during pursuit, as compared to torsion triggered by a nonrotating random dot pattern. Natural rotation also triggered pursuit with a higher horizontal velocity gain and fewer and smaller corrective saccades. Furthermore, we show that horizontal corrective saccades are synchronized with torsional corrective saccades, indicating temporal coupling of horizontal and torsional saccade control. Pursuit eye movements have a torsional component that depends on the visual stimulus. Horizontal and torsional eye movements are separated in the motor periphery. Our findings suggest that translational and rotational motion signals might be coordinated in descending pursuit pathways.

Assessment of radial torsion using computed tomography in dogs with and without antebrachial limb deformity.

PubMed

Kroner, Kevin; Cooley, Katie; Hoey, Seamus; Hetzel, Scott J; Bleedorn, Jason A

2017-01-01

To evaluate the reliability of radial torsion assessment in dogs using computed tomography (CT). Cadaveric and retrospective observational clinical study. Thoracic limbs (n = 40) from bilateral normal cadaveric canine specimens (10 pairs) and unilateral antebrachial angular limb deformity (ALD) dogs (10 uniapical and 10 biapical deformities). Limbs were evaluated using CT. Frontal, sagittal, and axial plane (torsion) values were obtained using published guidelines and compared between groups and limbs. Radial torsion reliability was assessed among 3 observers using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). The mean (±SD) radial torsion of normal dogs was 3.6° ± 6.4° and contained a significant right to left limb variation of 2.6°. Mean radial torsion in uniapical ALD limbs (3.6° ± 18.7°) was not significantly different from biapical ALD limbs (8.9° ± 17.9°). There was a wide range of torsion values in normal and ALD limbs. The interobserver reliability was excellent (ICC > 0.8) for normal dogs, good (0.73) for uniapical, and excellent (0.89) for biapical ALD limbs. The intraobserver reliability was excellent (>0.8) for all groups. There was a small side-to-side variation of radial torsion in normal dogs. With directed training, torsion assessment using CT is reliable in dogs with and without antebrachial bone deformity. © 2016 The American College of Veterinary Surgeons.

Mechanical origins of rightward torsion in early chick brain development

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Zi; Guo, Qiaohang; Dai, Eric; Taber, Larry

2015-03-01

During early development, the neural tube of the chick embryo undergoes a combination of progressive ventral bending and rightward torsion. This torsional deformation is one of the major organ-level left-right asymmetry events in development. Previous studies suggested that bending is mainly due to differential growth, however, the mechanism for torsion remains poorly understood. Since the heart almost always loops rightwards that the brain twists, researchers have speculated that heart looping affects the direction of brain torsion. However, direct evidence is lacking, nor is the mechanical origin of such torsion understood. In our study, experimental perturbations show that the bending and torsional deformations in the brain are coupled and that the vitelline membrane applies an external load necessary for torsion to occur. Moreover, the asymmetry of the looping heart gives rise to the chirality of the twisted brain. A computational model and a 3D printed physical model are employed to help interpret these findings. Our work clarifies the mechanical origins of brain torsion and the associated left-right asymmetry, and further reveals that the asymmetric development in one organ can induce the asymmetry of another developing organ through mechanics, reminiscent of D'Arcy Thompson's view of biological form as ``diagram of forces''. Z.C. is supported by the Society in Science - Branco Weiss fellowship, administered by ETH Zurich. L.A.T acknowledges the support from NIH Grants R01 GM075200 and R01 NS070918.

Anticoagulant rodenticides in red-tailed hawks, Buteo jamaicensis, and great horned owls, Bubo virginianus, from New Jersey, USA, 2008-2010.

PubMed

Stansley, William; Cummings, Margaret; Vudathala, Daljit; Murphy, Lisa A

2014-01-01

Liver samples from red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis) and great horned owls (Bubo virginianus) were analyzed for anticoagulant rodenticides. Residues of one or more second generation anticoagulant rodenticides (SGARs) were detected in 81 % of red-tailed hawks and 82 % of great horned owls. The most frequently detected SGAR was brodifacoum, which was detected in 76 % of red-tailed hawks and 73 % of great horned owls. Bromadiolone was detected in 20 % of red-tailed hawks and 27 % of great horned owls. Difenacoum was detected in one great horned owl. No other ARs were detected. There were no significant differences between species in the frequency of detection or concentration of brodifacoum or bromadiolone. There was a marginally significant difference (p = 0.0497) between total SGAR residues in red-tailed hawks (0.117 mg/kg) and great horned owls (0.070 mg/kg). There were no seasonal differences in the frequency of detection or concentration of brodifacoum in red-tailed hawks. The data suggest that SGARs pose a significant risk of poisoning to predatory birds in New Jersey.

Paclitaxel and Carboplatin or Ifosfamide in Treating Patients With Newly Diagnosed, Persistent or Recurrent Uterine, Ovarian, Fallopian Tube, or Peritoneal Cavity Cancer

ClinicalTrials.gov

2018-01-09

Mixed Mesodermal (Mullerian) Tumor; Ovarian Carcinosarcoma; Recurrent Fallopian Tube Carcinoma; Recurrent Ovarian Carcinoma; Recurrent Primary Peritoneal Carcinoma; Stage I Ovarian Cancer; Stage IA Fallopian Tube Cancer; Stage IA Ovarian Cancer; Stage IA Uterine Sarcoma AJCC v7; Stage IB Fallopian Tube Cancer; Stage IB Ovarian Cancer; Stage IB Uterine Sarcoma AJCC v7; Stage IC Fallopian Tube Cancer; Stage IC Ovarian Cancer; Stage IC Uterine Sarcoma AJCC v7; Stage II Ovarian Cancer; Stage IIA Fallopian Tube Cancer; Stage IIA Ovarian Cancer; Stage IIA Uterine Sarcoma AJCC v7; Stage IIB Fallopian Tube Cancer; Stage IIB Ovarian Cancer; Stage IIB Uterine Sarcoma AJCC v7; Stage IIC Fallopian Tube Cancer; Stage IIC Ovarian Cancer; Stage IIIA Fallopian Tube Cancer; Stage IIIA Ovarian Cancer; Stage IIIA Primary Peritoneal Cancer; Stage IIIA Uterine Sarcoma AJCC v7; Stage IIIB Fallopian Tube Cancer; Stage IIIB Ovarian Cancer; Stage IIIB Primary Peritoneal Cancer; Stage IIIB Uterine Sarcoma AJCC v7; Stage IIIC Fallopian Tube Cancer; Stage IIIC Ovarian Cancer; Stage IIIC Primary Peritoneal Cancer; Stage IIIC Uterine Sarcoma AJCC v7; Stage IV Fallopian Tube Cancer; Stage IV Ovarian Cancer; Stage IV Primary Peritoneal Cancer; Stage IVA Uterine Sarcoma AJCC v7; Stage IVB Uterine Sarcoma AJCC v7; Uterine Carcinosarcoma

Ziv-aflibercept in Treating Patients With Locally Advanced, Unresectable, or Metastatic Gynecologic Soft Tissue Sarcoma

ClinicalTrials.gov

2015-12-03

Fallopian Tube Cancer; Female Reproductive Cancer; Ovarian Carcinosarcoma; Ovarian Sarcoma; Recurrent Ovarian Epithelial Cancer; Recurrent Uterine Sarcoma; Stage III Ovarian Epithelial Cancer; Stage III Uterine Sarcoma; Stage IV Ovarian Epithelial Cancer; Stage IV Uterine Sarcoma; Uterine Carcinosarcoma; Uterine Leiomyosarcoma

Intermittent Ovarian Torsion in Pregnancy

PubMed Central

Young, Randall; Cork, Kelly

2017-01-01

Ovarian torsion during pregnancy is a fairly uncommon complication with a high patient morbidity and fetal mortality if not immediately treated. Ovarian torsion should be considered a clinical diagnosis, and a high level of clinical suspicion is needed by the practitioner to ensure that this diagnosis is not missed. We present an unusual case of intermittent ovarian torsion discussing both the presentation and the operative and post-operative management. PMID:29849404

The effect of neck torsion on postural stability in subjects with persistent whiplash.

PubMed

Yu, Li-Ju; Stokell, Raina; Treleaven, Julia

2011-08-01

Dysfunction of cervical receptors in neck disorders has been shown to lead to disturbances in postural stability. The neck torsion manoeuvre used in the smooth pursuit neck torsion (SPNT) test is thought to be a specific measure of neck afferent dysfunction on eye movement in those with neck pain. This study aimed to determine whether neck torsion could change balance responses in those with persistent whiplash-associated disorders (WADs). Twenty subjects with persistent WAD and 20 healthy controls aged between 18 and 50 years stood on a computerised force plate with eyes closed in comfortable stance under 5 conditions: neutral head, head turned to left and right and neck torsion to left and right. Root mean square (rms) amplitude of sway was measured in the anterior-posterior (AP) and medial-lateral (ML) directions. The whiplash group had significantly greater rms amplitude in the AP direction following neck torsion compared to the control group (p < 0.03). The results show that the neck torsion manoeuvre may lead to greater postural deficits in individuals with persistent WAD and provides further evidence of neck torsion to identify abnormal cervical afferent input, as an underlying cause of balance disturbances in WAD. Further research is warranted. Crown Copyright © 2011. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

FIR Synchrotron Spectroscopy of High Torsional Levels of CD_3OH: the Tau of Methanol

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lees, Ronald M.; Xu, Li-Hong; Billinghurst, Brant E.

2015-06-01

Sub-bands involving high torsional levels of the CD_3OH isotopologue of methanol have been analyzed in Fourier transform spectra recorded at the Far-Infrared beamline of the Canadian Light Source synchrotron in Saskatoon. Energy term values for A and E torsional species of the third excited torsional state, v_t = 3, are now almost complete up to rotational levels K = 15, and thirteen substates have so far been identified for v_t = 4. The spectra show interesting close groupings of high-v_t sub-bands related by Dennison's torsional symmetry label τ, rather than A and E, that can be understood in terms of a simple and universal free-rotor "spectral predictor" chart. Transitions between states on the same free rotor curve have torsional overlap matrix elements close to unity, so give rise to strong sub-bands providing radiative routes for rapid population transfer through the high torsional manifold. Where the energy curves for the v_t = 3 and 4 ground-state torsional levels pass through the excited vibrational states, strong resonances can occur and a number of anharmonic and Coriolis interactions have been detected through perturbations to the spectra and appearance of forbidden transitions due to strong mixing and intensity borrowing.

Computer analysis speeds corrugated horn design

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Loefer, G. R.; Newton, J. M.; Schuchardt, J. M.; Dees, J. W.

1976-01-01

A computer analysis program is developed for selecting the optimum flare angle and horn length of a corrugated horn design, the horn diameter, and the radiation pattern, before resorting to machining operations. The calculated antenna pattern is best suited to narrowband designs, and averaging of the E and H planes is recommended for wideband work. The program language used is BASIC. Some design examples are provided with representative data, printouts, and a rundown of the equations programmed.

Managing the horn fly (Diptera: Muscidae) using an electric walk-through fly trap.

PubMed

Watson, D W; Stringham, S M; Denning, S S; Washburn, S P; Poore, M H; Meier, A

2002-10-01

An electric walk-through fly trap was evaluated for the management of the horn fly, Hematobia irritans (L.), on dairy cattle in North Carolina over 2 yr. The trap relies on black lights and electrocution grids to attract and kill flies that are brushed from the cattle passing through. During the first season, horn fly densities were reduced from >1,400 to <200 flies per animal. Horn fly density averaged 269.2 +/- 25.8 on cattle using the walk-through fly trap twice daily, and 400.2 +/- 43.5 on the control group during the first year. The second year, seasonal mean horn fly density was 177.3 +/- 10.8 on cattle using the walk-through fly trap compared with 321.1 +/- 15.8 on the control group. No insecticides were used to control horn flies during this 2-yr study.

Preference of redear sunfish on zebra mussels and rams-horn snails

USGS Publications Warehouse

French, John R. P.; Morgan, Michael N.

1995-01-01

We tested prey preferences of adult (200- to 222-mm long) redear sunfish (Lepomis microlophus) on two size classes of zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) and two-ridge rams-horns (Helisoma anceps) in experimental aquaria. We also tested physical limitations on consuming these mollusks and determined prey bioenergetic profitability. Redear sunfish strongly preferred rams-horns over zebra mussels, but they displayed no size preference for either prey. Ingestion was not physically limited since both prey species up to 15-mm long fit within the pharyngeal gapes of redear sunfish. Rams-horns were more bioenergetically profitable than zebra mussels and ingestion of rams-horn shell fragments was about three times less than zebra mussels. Rams-horns were somewhat more resistant to shell-crushing, but all size ranges of both prey species tested were crushable by redear sunfish. These studies suggested that the redear sunfish should not be considered a panacea for biological control of zebra mussels.

Design of highly uniform spool and bar horns for ultrasonic bonding.

PubMed

Kim, Sun-Rak; Lee, Jae Hak; Yoo, Choong D; Song, Jun-Yeob; Lee, Seung S

2011-10-01

Although the groove and slot have been widely utilized for horn design to achieve high uniformity, their effects on uniformity have not been analyzed thoroughly. In this work, spool and bar horns for ultrasonic bonding are designed in a systematic way using the design of experiments (DOE) to achieve high amplitude uniformity of the horn. Three-dimensional modal analysis is conducted to predict the natural frequency, amplitude, and stress of the horns, and the DOE is employed to analyze the effects of the groove and slot on the amplitude uniformity. The design equations are formulated to determine the optimum dimensions of the groove and slot, and the uniformity is found to be influenced most significantly by the groove depth and slot width. Displacements of the spool and bar horns were measured using a laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV), and the predicted results are in good agreement with the experimental data.

21 CFR 884.2730 - Home uterine activity monitor.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Home uterine activity monitor. 884.2730 Section... Devices § 884.2730 Home uterine activity monitor. (a) Identification. A home uterine activity monitor (HUAM) is an electronic system for at home antepartum measurement of uterine contractions, data...

21 CFR 884.2730 - Home uterine activity monitor.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Home uterine activity monitor. 884.2730 Section... Devices § 884.2730 Home uterine activity monitor. (a) Identification. A home uterine activity monitor (HUAM) is an electronic system for at home antepartum measurement of uterine contractions, data...

21 CFR 884.2730 - Home uterine activity monitor.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Home uterine activity monitor. 884.2730 Section... Devices § 884.2730 Home uterine activity monitor. (a) Identification. A home uterine activity monitor (HUAM) is an electronic system for at home antepartum measurement of uterine contractions, data...

21 CFR 884.2730 - Home uterine activity monitor.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Home uterine activity monitor. 884.2730 Section... Devices § 884.2730 Home uterine activity monitor. (a) Identification. A home uterine activity monitor (HUAM) is an electronic system for at home antepartum measurement of uterine contractions, data...

21 CFR 884.2730 - Home uterine activity monitor.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Home uterine activity monitor. 884.2730 Section... Devices § 884.2730 Home uterine activity monitor. (a) Identification. A home uterine activity monitor (HUAM) is an electronic system for at home antepartum measurement of uterine contractions, data...

Acquired Uterine Arteriovenous Malformation and Retained Placenta Increta.

PubMed

Roach, Michelle K; Thomassee, May S

2015-09-01

Uterine arteriovenous malformations are rare and have been reported to occur after uterine trauma (eg, surgery, gestational trophoblastic disease, malignancy). A 33-year-old woman, gravida 3 para 3, presented 4 weeks post-cesarean delivery with episodic profuse vaginal bleeding. Pelvic ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a left uterine arteriovenous malformation. After consideration of all treatment options, total laparoscopic hysterectomy was performed. Acquired uterine arteriovenous malformations and placental ingrowth into the myometrium are increasingly reported after surgical uterine procedures. This case of a postpartum patient with both uterine arteriovenous malformation and retained placenta increta suggests a correlation between the two complications.

Uterine rupture disguised by urinary retention following a second trimester induced abortion: a case report.

PubMed

Jiang, Qiaoying; Yang, Liwei; Ashley, Charles; Medlin, Erin E; Kushner, David M; Zheng, Yanmei

2015-01-22

Uterine rupture classically presents with severe abdominal pain, loss of fetal station, vaginal bleeding, and shock. We present a case of uterine rupture presenting as significant urinary retention that occurred following a second trimester abortion induced with mifepristone and misoprostol. Uterine rupture was discovered unexpectedly on diagnostic laparoscopy. The uterine rupture was contained by dense adhesions between the omentum and bladder with the previous uterine cesarean hysterotomy scar. This case highlights the difficulties in diagnosis of abnormal placentation and an unusual presentation of uterine rupture. This case was managed successfully laparoscopically.

Potassium Channels and Uterine Vascular Adaptation to Pregnancy and Chronic Hypoxia

PubMed Central

Zhu, Ronghui; Xiao, DaLiao; Zhang, Lubo

2014-01-01

During a normal course of pregnancy, uterine vascular tone is significantly decreased resulting in a striking increase in uterine blood flow, which is essential for fetal development and fetal growth. Chronic hypoxia during gestation may adversely affect the normal adaptation of uterine vascular tone and increase the risk of preeclampsia and fetal intrauterine growth restriction. In this review, we present evidence that the regulation of K+ channels is an important mechanism in the adaptation of uterine vascular tone to pregnancy and hypoxia. There are four types of K+ channels identified in arterial smooth muscle cells: 1) voltage-dependent K+ (Kv) channels, 2) Ca2+-activated K+ (KCa) channels, 3) inward rectifier K+ (KIR) channels, and 4) ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels. Pregnancy differentially augments the expression and activity of K+ channels via downregulation of protein kinase C signaling in uterine and other vascular beds, leading to decreased uterine vascular tone and increased uterine blood flow. Sex steroid hormones play an important role in the pregnancy-mediated alteration of K+ channels in the uterine vasculature. In addition, chronic hypoxia alters uterine vascular K+ channels expression and activities via modulation of steroid hormones/receptors-mediated signaling, resulting in increased uterine vascular tone during pregnancy. PMID:24063385

A comparison of uterine peristalsis in women with normal uteri and uterine leiomyoma by cine magnetic resonance imaging.

PubMed

Orisaka, Makoto; Kurokawa, Tetsuji; Shukunami, Ken-Ichi; Orisaka, Sanae; Fukuda, Mika T; Shinagawa, Akiko; Fukuda, Shin; Ihara, Noboru; Yamada, Hiroki; Itoh, Harumi; Kotsuji, Fumikazu

2007-11-01

The non-pregnant uterus shows wave-like activity (uterine peristalsis). This pilot study was intended to determine: (1) whether uterine peristalsis during the menstrual cycle is detectable by cine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); (2) the effects of leiomyoma on uterine peristalsis. Mid-sagittal MRI was performed sequentially with T2-weighted single-shot fast spin-echo (SSFSE) in 3 normal ovulatory volunteers and 19 premenopausal women with uterine leiomyoma. Direction and frequency of movement of the junctional zone were evaluated using a cine mode display. Junctional zone movement was identified in all subjects. Direction of uterine peristalsis in normal volunteers was fundus-to-cervix during menstruation, cervix-to-fundus during the periovulatory phase, and isthmical during the mid- and late-luteal phases. Abnormal peristaltic patterns were detected in three of five patients with uterine leiomyoma during menstruation and in the mid-luteal phase of the cycle, respectively. Cine MRI is a novel method for evaluation of uterine peristalsis. Results of this pilot study suggest that abnormal uterine peristalsis during menstruation and the mid-luteal phase might be one of the causes of hypermenorrhea and infertility associated with uterine leiomyoma.

The effect of vitamin E and aspirin on the uterine artery blood flow in women with recurrent abortion: A single-blind randomized controlled trial.

PubMed

Mesdaghinia, Elaheh; Mohammad-Ebrahimi, Behnaz; Foroozanfard, Fatemeh; Banafshe, Hamid Reza

2017-10-01

Recurrent spontaneous abortion has high incidence rate. The etiology is unknown in 30-40%. However high uterine artery resistance is accounted as one of the recurrent abortion reasons. The objective of the current study was to determine the impacts of vitamin E and aspirin on the uterine artery blood flow in women having recurrent abortions due to impaired uterine blood flow. This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 99 women having uterine pulsatility index (PI) more than 2.5 and the history of more than two times abortions. The candidates were categorized into three groups; receiving aspirin, only vitamin E, and aspirin+vitamin E. After 2 months, uterine PIs were compared with each other. All drug regimens caused an enhancement in uterine perfusion with a significant decline in uterine artery PI value. The women receiving vitamin E in accompanied with aspirin had the least mean PI of the uterine artery (p<0.001). The total average PI score of the right and left uterine arteries in groups receiving vitamin E in accompanied with aspirin was lower than the two counterparts significantly (p<0.001). Vitamin E, aspirin and especially their combination are effective in improving uterine artery blood flow in women with recurrent abortion due to impaired uterine blood flow. More well-designed studies are needed to find out whether the enhancement of uterine perfusion may lead to a better pregnancy outcome.

Research on torsional friction behavior and fluid load support of PVA/HA composite hydrogel.

PubMed

Chen, Kai; Zhang, Dekun; Yang, Xuehui; Cui, Xiaotong; Zhang, Xin; Wang, Qingliang

2016-09-01

Hydrogels have been extensively studied for use as synthetic articular cartilage. This study aimed to investigate (1) the torsional friction contact state and the transformation mechanism of PVA/HA composite hydrogel against CoCrMo femoral head and (2) effects of load and torsional angle on torsional friction behavior. The finite element method was used to study fluid load support of PVA/HA composite hydrogel. Results show fluid loss increases gradually of PVA/HA composite hydrogel with torsional friction time, leading to fluid load support decreases. The contact state changes from full slip state to stick-slip mixed state. As the load increases, friction coefficient and adhesion zone increase gradually. As the torsional angle increases, friction coefficient and slip trend of the contact interface increase, resulting in the increase of the slip zone and the reduction of the adhesion zone. Fluid loss increases of PVA/HA composite hydrogel as the load and the torsional angle increase, which causes the decrease of fluid load support and the increase of friction coefficient. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

How the embryonic brain tube twists

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Zi; Guo, Qiaohang; Forsch, Nickolas; Taber, Larry

2014-03-01

During early development, the tubular brain of the chick embryo undergoes a combination of progressive ventral bending and rightward torsion. This deformation is one of the major organ-level symmetry-breaking events in development. Available evidence suggests that bending is caused by differential growth, but the mechanism for torsion remains poorly understood. Since the heart almost always loops in the same direction that the brain twists, researchers have speculated that heart looping affects the direction of brain torsion. However, direct evidence is virtually nonexistent, nor is the mechanical origin of such torsion understood. In our study, experimental perturbations show that the bending and torsional deformations in the brain are coupled and that the vitelline membrane applies an external load necessary for torsion to occur. In addition, the asymmetry of the looping heart gives rise to the chirality of the twisted brain. A computational model is used to interpret these findings. Our work clarifies the mechanical origins of brain torsion and the associated left-right asymmetry, reminiscent of D'Arcy Thompson's view of biological form as ``diagram of forces''.

Complete body-neck torsion of the gallbladder: a case report.

PubMed

Pu, Ta-Wei; Fu, Chun-Yu; Lu, Huai-En; Cheng, Wei-Tung

2014-10-14

Gallbladder torsion is a rare, acute abdominal disease. It was first reported by Wendell in 1898. Since then, only 500 cases have been reported. Gallbladder torsion occurs in all age groups, although it usually appears in the latter stages of life. The occurrence ratio between women and men is 3:1. Most cases are diagnosed during surgery. The main treatment is surgical detorsion and cholecystectomy. Despite progress in radiologic imaging diagnosis, it is not easy to obtain a precise preoperative diagnosis of gallbladder torsion. In previous reports, only 9.8% of all gallbladder torsion cases were diagnosed preoperatively. We present a case of acute body-neck gallbladder torsion in an elderly man, and we review the radiologic findings of magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and ultrasonography. The radiologic findings in the present case were helpful in obtaining a preoperative diagnosis of gallbladder torsion. The diagnosis was confirmed by T2-weighted magnetic resonance images, which showed an intra-gallbladder segment located between the body and neck of the gallbladder, with a notable crease within this segment.

Is ursodeoxycholic acid crucial for ischemia/reperfusion-induced ovarian injury in rat ovary?

PubMed

Akdemir, Ali; Sahin, Cagdas; Erbas, Oytun; Yeniel, Ahmet O; Sendag, Fatih

2015-08-01

Ursodeoxycholic acid is frequently used in cholestatic liver diseases. Also, it protects hepatocytes against oxidative stress induced by hydrophobic bile acids. We investigated the anti-oxidative effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on ischemia/reperfusion injury after ovarian de-torsion in rats. We designed five study groups. Group 1 (n = 6): Sham-operated group; group 2 (n = 6): torsion group; group 3 (n = 6): torsion and ursodeoxycholic acid, group 4 (n = 7): torsion/de-torsion group; and group 5 (n = 7): torsion/de-torsion and ursodeoxycholic acid. After that, ovarian samples were obtained and examined histologically and tissue levels of malondialdehyde were measured. Follicular degeneration, edema and inflammatory cells were significantly decreased in groups 3 and 5 in comparison with groups 2 and 4. Also, groups 4 and 5 were compared in terms of vascular congestion and hemorrhage and these were found to be significantly decreased in group 5. In addition, levels of malondialdehyde were significantly decreased in groups 3 and 5 in comparison with groups 2 and 4. We concluded that ursodeoxycholic acid might be useful to protect the ovary against ischemia and reperfusion injury.

76 FR 47141 - Big Horn County Resource Advisory Committee

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-04

....us , with the words Big Horn County RAC in the subject line. Facsimilies may be sent to 307-674-2668... DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Forest Service Big Horn County Resource Advisory Committee AGENCY: Forest Service, USDA. [[Page 47142

Torsion Tests of 24S-T Aluminum-alloy Noncircular Bar and Tubing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Moore, R L; Paul, D A

1943-01-01

Tests of 24S-T aluminum alloy have been made to determine the yield and ultimate strengths in torsion of noncircular bar and tubing. An approximate basis for predicting these torsional strength characteristics has been indicated. The results show that the torsional stiffness and maximum shearing stresses within the elastic range may be computed quite closely by means of existing formulas based on mathematical analysis and the membrane analogy.

Integrability conditions for Killing-Yano tensors and maximally symmetric spaces in the presence of torsion

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Batista, Carlos

2015-04-01

The integrability conditions for the existence of Killing-Yano tensors or, equivalently, covariantly closed conformal Killing-Yano tensors, in the presence of torsion are worked out. As an application, all metrics and torsions compatible with the existence of a Killing-Yano tensor of order n -1 are obtained. Finally, the issue of defining a maximally symmetric space with respect to connections with torsion is addressed.

Neutrino Oscillation in a Space-Time with Torsion

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alimohammadi, M.; Shariati, A.

Using Einstein-Cartan-Dirac theory, we study the effect of torsion on neutrino oscillation. We see that torsion cannot induce neutrino oscillation, but affects it whenever oscillation exists for other reasons. We show that the torsion effect on neutrino oscillation is as important as the neutrino mass effect, whenever the ratio of neutrino number density to neutrino energy is ~ 1069 cm-3/eV, or the number density of the matter is ~ 1069cm-3.

Damping system for torsion modes of mirror isolation filters in TAMA300

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Arase, Y.; Takahashi, R.; Arai, K.; Tatsumi, D.; Fukushima, M.; Yamazaki, T.; Fujimoto, Masa-Katsu; Agatsuma, K.; Nakagawa, N.

2008-07-01

The seismic attenuation system (SAS) in TAMA300 consists of a three-legged inverted pendulum and mirror isolation filters in order to provide a high level of seismic isolation. However, the mirror isolation filters have torsion modes with long decay time which disturb the interferometer operation for about half an hour if they get excited. In order to damp the torsion modes of the filters, we constructed a digital damping system using reflective photosensors with a large linear range. This system was installed to all of four SASs. By damping of the target torsion modes, the effective quality factors of the torsion modes are reduced to less than 10 or to unmeasurable level. This system is expected to reduce the inoperative period by the torsion mode excitation, and thus will contribute to improve the duty time of the gravitational wave detector.

Ionic polymer-metal composite torsional sensor: physics-based modeling and experimental validation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aidi Sharif, Montassar; Lei, Hong; Khalid Al-Rubaiai, Mohammed; Tan, Xiaobo

2018-07-01

Ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMCs) have intrinsic sensing and actuation properties. Typical IPMC sensors are in the shape of beams and only respond to stimuli acting along beam-bending directions. Rod or tube-shaped IPMCs have been explored as omnidirectional bending actuators or sensors. In this paper, physics-based modeling is studied for a tubular IPMC sensor under pure torsional stimulus. The Poisson–Nernst–Planck model is used to describe the fundamental physics within the IPMC, where it is hypothesized that the anion concentration is coupled to the sum of shear strains induced by the torsional stimulus. Finite element simulation is conducted to solve for the torsional sensing response, where some of the key parameters are identified based on experimental measurements using an artificial neural network. Additional experimental results suggest that the proposed model is able to capture the torsional sensing dynamics for different amplitudes and rates of the torsional stimulus.

Torsion of partial cleft of ear lobule.

PubMed

Kumaraswamy, M; Waiker, Veena P

2014-02-01

Torsion is a well-known phenomenon involving organs with long mesentery. Torsion in the ear lobule is rare. Ear lobule is very well vascularized. In cases of partial cleft ear lobule, there is a small segment of lobule inferior to the cleft which is vascularized through the pedicles on either side of the cleft. A lady aged 89 years presented with discoloration of the ear lobule. She was diagnosed as having gangrene of the central part of lobule. The segment of the lobule had undergone more than 360° torsion. She underwent debridement of gangrenous part and lobuloplasty. In our case laxity of the stretched lobule caused the torsion of the segment followed by gangrene. This rare complication indicates the need for correction of the cleft lobule not only for esthetic purpose, but also for the prevention of torsion. Copyright © 2013 Tissue Viability Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Diagnostic evaluation of ovarian torsion: An analysis of pediatric patients using the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample.

PubMed

Rialon, Kristy L; Wolf, Steven; Routh, Jonathan C; Adibe, Obinna O

2017-04-01

Ultrasonography (US) is the diagnostic modality of choice during work-up for ovarian torsion, although computed tomography (CT) may be used. We examined the utilization of CT in girls with ovarian torsion, and determined which patients are most likely to undergo this study. The Nationwide Emergency Department Sample dataset was searched for patients <18 years who presented with ovarian torsion from 2006 to 2012. Hospitals were categorized by the volume of pediatric patients seen. A total of 1279 patients were identified. Seven hundred twelve (56%) were seen at adult hospitals, 154 (12%) at pediatric privileged, and 413 (32%) at pediatric hospitals. Patients cared for in a pediatric or pediatric privileged hospital had more US alone performed to diagnose ovarian torsion (p < 0.01). Girls seen at pediatric hospitals are more likely to undergo US for work-up of ovarian torsion. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Torsion Profiling of Proteins Using Magnetic Particles

PubMed Central

van Reenen, A.; Gutiérrez-Mejía, F.; van IJzendoorn, L.J.; Prins, M.W.J.

2013-01-01

We report a method to profile the torsional spring properties of proteins as a function of the angle of rotation. The torque is applied by superparamagnetic particles and has been calibrated while taking account of the magnetization dynamics of the particles. We record and compare the torsional profiles of single Protein G-Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgG-IgG complexes, sandwiched between a substrate and a superparamagnetic particle, for torques in the range between 0.5 × 103 and 5 × 103 pN·nm. Both molecular systems show torsional stiffening for increasing rotation angle, but the elastic and inelastic torsion stiffnesses are remarkably different. We interpret the results in terms of the structural properties of the molecules. The torsion profiling technique opens new dimensions for research on biomolecular characterization and for research on bio-nanomechanical structure-function relationships. PMID:23473490

Sorafenib in Treating Patients With Metastatic, Locally Advanced, or Recurrent Sarcoma

ClinicalTrials.gov

2014-05-07

Adult Angiosarcoma; Adult Epithelioid Sarcoma; Adult Leiomyosarcoma; Adult Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma; Adult Neurofibrosarcoma; Adult Synovial Sarcoma; Ovarian Sarcoma; Recurrent Adult Soft Tissue Sarcoma; Recurrent Uterine Sarcoma; Stage III Adult Soft Tissue Sarcoma; Stage III Uterine Sarcoma; Stage IV Adult Soft Tissue Sarcoma; Stage IV Uterine Sarcoma; Uterine Carcinosarcoma; Uterine Leiomyosarcoma

Health and Recovery Program in Increasing Physical Activity Level in Stage IA-IIIA Endometrial Cancer Survivors

ClinicalTrials.gov

2018-03-05

Cancer Survivor; Endometrial Carcinoma; Stage I Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IA Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IB Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v7; Stage II Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IIIA Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v7

Aperture efficiency of integrated-circuit horn antennas

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Guo, Yong; Lee, Karen; Stimson, Philip; Potter, Kent; Rutledge, David

1991-01-01

The aperture efficiency of silicon integrated-circuit horn antennas has been improved by optimizing the length of the dipole probes and by coating the entire horn walls with gold. To make these measurements, a new thin-film power-density meter was developed for measuring power density with accuracies better than 5 percent. The measured aperture efficiency improved from 44 percent to 72 percent at 93 GHz. This is sufficient for use in many applications which now use machined waveguide horns.

Novel Insights into the Bovine Polled Phenotype and Horn Ontogenesis in Bovidae

PubMed Central

Allais-Bonnet, Aurélie; Grohs, Cécile; Medugorac, Ivica; Krebs, Stefan; Djari, Anis; Graf, Alexander; Fritz, Sébastien; Seichter, Doris; Baur, Aurélia; Russ, Ingolf; Bouet, Stéphan; Rothammer, Sophie; Wahlberg, Per; Esquerré, Diane; Hoze, Chris; Boussaha, Mekki; Weiss, Bernard; Thépot, Dominique; Fouilloux, Marie-Noëlle; Rossignol, Marie-Noëlle; van Marle-Köster, Este; Hreiðarsdóttir, Gunnfríður Elín; Barbey, Sarah; Dozias, Dominique; Cobo, Emilie; Reversé, Patrick; Catros, Olivier; Marchand, Jean-Luc; Soulas, Pascal; Roy, Pierre; Marquant-Leguienne, Brigitte; Le Bourhis, Daniel; Clément, Laetitia; Salas-Cortes, Laura; Venot, Eric; Pannetier, Maëlle; Phocas, Florence; Klopp, Christophe; Rocha, Dominique; Fouchet, Michel; Journaux, Laurent; Bernard-Capel, Carine; Ponsart, Claire; Eggen, André; Blum, Helmut; Gallard, Yves; Boichard, Didier; Pailhoux, Eric; Capitan, Aurélien

2013-01-01

Despite massive research efforts, the molecular etiology of bovine polledness and the developmental pathways involved in horn ontogenesis are still poorly understood. In a recent article, we provided evidence for the existence of at least two different alleles at the Polled locus and identified candidate mutations for each of them. None of these mutations was located in known coding or regulatory regions, thus adding to the complexity of understanding the molecular basis of polledness. We confirm previous results here and exhaustively identify the causative mutation for the Celtic allele (PC) and four candidate mutations for the Friesian allele (PF). We describe a previously unreported eyelash-and-eyelid phenotype associated with regular polledness, and present unique histological and gene expression data on bovine horn bud differentiation in fetuses affected by three different horn defect syndromes, as well as in wild-type controls. We propose the ectopic expression of a lincRNA in PC/p horn buds as a probable cause of horn bud agenesis. In addition, we provide evidence for an involvement of OLIG2, FOXL2 and RXFP2 in horn bud differentiation, and draw a first link between bovine, ovine and caprine Polled loci. Our results represent a first and important step in understanding the genetic pathways and key process involved in horn bud differentiation in Bovidae. PMID:23717440

Responses of spinal dorsal horn neurons to foot movements in rats with a sprained ankle

PubMed Central

Kim, Jae Hyo; Kim, Hee Young; Chung, Kyungsoon

2011-01-01

Acute ankle injuries are common problems and often lead to persistent pain. To investigate the underlying mechanism of ankle sprain pain, the response properties of spinal dorsal horn neurons were examined after ankle sprain. Acute ankle sprain was induced manually by overextending the ankle of a rat hindlimb in a direction of plantarflexion and inversion. The weight-bearing ratio (WBR) of the affected foot was used as an indicator of pain. Single unit activities of dorsal horn neurons in response to plantarflexion and inversion of the foot or ankle compression were recorded from the medial part of the deep dorsal horn, laminae IV-VI, in normal and ankle-sprained rats. One day after ankle sprain, rats showed significantly reduced WBRs on the affected foot, and this reduction was partially restored by systemic morphine. The majority of deep dorsal horn neurons responded to a single ankle stimulus modality. After ankle sprain, the mean evoked response rates were significantly increased, and afterdischarges were developed in recorded dorsal horn neurons. The ankle sprain-induced enhanced evoked responses were significantly reduced by morphine, which was reversed by naltrexone. The data indicate that movement-specific dorsal horn neuron responses were enhanced after ankle sprain in a morphine-dependent manner, thus suggesting that hyperactivity of dorsal horn neurons is an underlying mechanism of pain after ankle sprain. PMID:21389306

The g - 2 muon anomaly in di-muon production with the torsion in LHC

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Syromyatnikov, A. G.

2016-06-01

It was considered within the framework of the conformal gauge gravitational theory CGTG coupling of the standard model fermions to the axial torsion and preliminary discusses the impact of extra dimensions, in particular, in a five-dimensional space-time with Randall-Sundrum metric, where the fifth dimension is compactified on an S1/Z 2 orbifold, which as it turns out is conformally to the fifth dimension flat Euclidean space with permanent trace of torsion, with a compactification radius R in terms of the radius of a CGTG gravitational screening, through torsion in a process Z → μ+μ- and LHC data. In general, have come to the correct set of the conformal calibration curvature the Faddeev-Popov diagram technique type, that follows directly from dynamics. This leads to the effect of restrictions on neutral spin currents of gauge fields by helicity and the Regge’s form theory. The diagrams reveals the fact of opening of the fine spacetime structure in a process pp → γ/Z/T → μ+μ- with a center-of-mass energy of 14TeV, indicated by dotted lines and texture columns, as a result of p-p collision on 1.3 ṡ 10-18cm scales from geometric shell gauge bosons of the SM continued by the heavy axial torsion resonance, and even by emerging from the inside into the outside of the ultra-light (freely-frozen in muon’s spin) axial torsion. We then evaluate the contribution of the torsion to the muon anomaly to derive new constraints on the torsion parameters. It was obtained that on the πN scattering through the exchange of axial torsion accounting, the nucleon anomalous magnetic moment in the eikonal phase leads to additive additives which is responsible for the spin-flip in the scattering process, the scattering amplitude is classical and characterized by a strong the torsion coupling ηT≅1. So the scattering of particles, occurs as on the Coulomb center with the charge fT This is the base model which is the g-2 muon anomaly. The muon anomaly contribution due to the heavy axial vector torsion arises from coupling the muon with torsion as external field. This leads to negative energy additive to mass of muons which makes the missing part of the g-2 muon anomaly. It takes place at reasonable values of the transverse front size of the exact solution CGTG equations types of torsion waves with the spin-flip close to the size of the Compton length muon.

Anomalous torsional tripling in the ν9 and ν10 CH3-deformation modes of ethane 12CH313CH3

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lattanzi, F.; di Lauro, C.

2017-12-01

We have investigated the anomalous torsional behavior in the coupled ν9 and ν10 vibrational fundamentals of 12CH313CH3, both states exhibiting a splitting into three components, instead of two, only in those rotational levels which are very close to resonance. We conclude that the intrinsic additional splitting, which occurs in the E-torsional components, for these two vibrational states is too small to be detected in the high resolution infrared spectrum, but it is substantively enhanced by their coupling. It is shown that this effect requires the simultaneous action of torsion independent operators, such as Fermi-type and z-Coriolis, not allowed in the more symmetric isotopologue 12CH312CH3, and torsion dependent operators, such as torsional-Coriolis, connecting the two vibrational states. Our conclusions lead to a simple model for the coupling of ν9 and ν10, with effective Fermi-type matrix elements W for the A-torsional components, and W ± w for the two pairs of E-torsional components. This causes the additional splitting in the E-pairs. This model is consistent with the mechanism causing the Coriolis-dependent decrease of the A-E torsional splitting in degenerate vibrational states. Exploratory calculations were performed making use of results from a normal mode analysis, showing that the effects predictable by the proposed model are of the correct order of magnitude compared to the observed features, with coupling parameter values reasonably consistent with those determined by the least squares fit of the observed transition wavenumbers.

Intraoperative performance and postoperative outcome comparison of longitudinal, torsional, and transversal phacoemulsification machines.

PubMed

Christakis, Panos G; Braga-Mele, Rosa M

2012-02-01

To compare the intraoperative performance and postoperative outcomes of 3 phacoemulsification machines that use different modes. Kensington Eye Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Comparative case series. This chart and video review comprised consecutive eligible patients who had phacoemulsification by the same surgeon using a Whitestar Signature Ellips-FX (transversal), Infiniti-Ozil-IP (torsional), or Stellaris (longitudinal) machine. The review included 98 patients. Baseline characteristics in the groups were similar; the mean nuclear sclerosis grade was 2.0 ± 0.8. There were no significant intraoperative complications. The torsional machine averaged less phacoemulsification needle time (83 ± 33 seconds) than the transversal (99 ± 40 seconds; P=.21) or longitudinal (110 ± 45 seconds; P=.02) machines; the difference was accentuated in cases with high-grade nuclear sclerosis. The torsional machine had less chatter and better followability than the transversal or longitudinal machines (P<.001). The torsional and longitudinal machines had better anterior chamber stability than the transversal machine (P<.001). Postoperatively, the torsional machine yielded less central corneal edema than the transversal (P<.001) and longitudinal (P=.04) machines, corresponding to a smaller increase in mean corneal thickness (torsional 5%, transversal 10%, longitudinal 12%; P=.04). Also, the torsional machine had better 1-day postoperative visual acuities (P<.001). All 3 phacoemulsification machines were effective with no significant intraoperative complications. The torsional machine outperformed the transversal and longitudinal machines, with a lower mean needle time, less chatter, and improved followability. This corresponded to less corneal edema 1 day postoperatively and better visual acuity. Copyright © 2011 ASCRS and ESCRS. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Isolated fallopian tube torsion in pediatric and adolescent females: a retrospective review of 15 cases at a single institution.

PubMed

Casey, Rachel K; Damle, Lauren F; Gomez-Lobo, Veronica

2013-06-01

To identify and review cases of isolated fallopian tube torsion (FTT) at our institution to further characterize diagnosis and management. Retrospective review. Tertiary care medical center. Case series of pediatric and adolescent females, <21 years old, with operatively diagnosed isolated fallopian tube torsion from our institution. None. Isolated fallopian tube torsion. Fifteen cases of isolated fallopian tube torsion were identified based on intraoperative diagnosis. Patient ages ranged from 8-15 years old, mean age of 12. Fourteen patients (93%) presented with abdominal pain, 8 (53%) localized to the side of associated torsion. Ultrasonography reports described a tubular structure in 4 patients and an associated ovarian or paraovarian cyst in eleven patients. Suspicion of fallopian tube torsion was only described for those patients with a tubular structure described on ultrasonography report. Intraoperatively, 7 patients (47%) were found to have no associated pathology and 8 (53%) were found to have associated cyst or hydrosalpinx. Eight (53%) patients underwent salipingectomy and 7 (47%) underwent reversal of torsion with drainage of associated cyst or cystectomy. Isolated fallopian tube torsion is a rare condition that seems to occur in younger adolescents. Vague clinical presentation contributes to low preoperative suspicion. Preoperative suspicion may be increased based on radiographic findings of an enlarged tubular structure or an adjacent normal ovary. Management may be considered nonemergent and salpingectomy is controversial. Long-term fertility outcomes must be further assessed for more definitive decisions regarding surgical management. Copyright © 2013 North American Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Left ventricular torsional mechanics and myocardial iron load in beta-thalassaemia major: a potential role of titin degradation.

PubMed

Chen, Mei-Pian; Li, Shu-Na; Lam, Wendy W M; Ho, Yuen-Chi; Ha, Shau-Yin; Chan, Godfrey C F; Cheung, Yiu-Fai

2014-04-12

Iron may damage sarcomeric proteins through oxidative stress. We explored the left ventricular (LV) torsional mechanics in patients with beta-thalassaemia major and its relationship to myocardial iron load. Using HL-1 cell and B6D2F1 mouse models, we further determined the impact of iron load on proteolysis of the giant sarcomeric protein titin. In 44 thalassaemia patients aged 25 ± 7 years and 38 healthy subjects, LV torsion and twisting velocities were determined at rest using speckle tracking echocardiography. Changes in LV torsional parameters during submaximal exercise testing were further assessed in 32 patients and 17 controls. Compared with controls, patients had significantly reduced LV apical rotation, torsion, systolic twisting velocity, and diastolic untwisting velocity. T2* cardiac magnetic resonance findings correlated with resting diastolic untwisting velocity. The increments from baseline and resultant LV torsion and systolic and diastolic untwisting velocities during exercise were significantly lower in patients than controls. Significant correlations existed between LV systolic torsion and diastolic untwisting velocities in patients and controls, both at rest and during exercise. In HL-1 cells and ventricular myocardium of B6D2F1 mice overloaded with iron, the titin-stained pattern of sarcomeric structure became disrupted. Gel electrophoresis of iron-overloaded mouse myocardial tissue further showed significant decrease in the amount of titin isoforms and increase in titin degradation products. Resting and dynamic LV torsional mechanics is impaired in patients with beta-thalassaemia major. Cell and animal models suggest a potential role of titin degradation in iron overload-induced alteration of LV torsional mechanics.

Isolated penile torsion in newborns.

PubMed

Eroglu, Egemen; Gundogdu, Gokhan

2015-01-01

We reported on the incidence of isolated penile torsion among our healthy children and our approach to this anomaly. Between 2011 and 2014, newborn babies with penile torsion were classified according to the angle of torsion. Surgical correction (penile degloving and reattachment for moderate cases and dorsal dartos flap technique in case of resistance) after 6 months was advised to the babies with rotations more than 45°. Among 1000 newborn babies, 200 isolated penile torsions were found, and among these, 43 had torsions more than 45°, and 4 of these had angles greater than 90°. The mean angle of the rotations was found 30.45° (median: 20°). In total, 8 children with 60° torsions were previously circumcised. Surgery was performed on 19 patients, with a mean patient age of 12 ± 2 months. Of these 19, 13 babies were corrected with degloving and reattachment. This technique was not enough on the remaining 6 patients; therefore, derotational dorsal dartos flap was added to correct the torsion. After a mean of 15.6 ± 9.8 months, residual penile rotation, less than 15°, was found only in 2 children. The incidence of isolated penile torsion is 20% in newborns. However, rotation more than 45° angles are seen in 4.3% of male babies. Correction is not necessary in mild degrees, and penile degloving with reattachment is enough in most cases. If the initial correction is insufficient, dorsal dartos flap rotation is easy and effective. Prior circumcision neither disturbs the operative procedure nor affects the outcomes.

Field evaluation of a wayside horn at a highway-railroad grade crossing

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1998-06-01

The current study represents one of several efforts by the Federal Railroad Administration to evaluate the effectiveness of auditory warnings designed to promote awareness of approaching trains. A stationary horn (or wayside horn) located at the grad...

Determination of a sound level for railroad horn regulatory compliance.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2002-10-31

The Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) has undertaken a rulemaking process to address the use of locomotive horns at public highway-railroad grade crossings. This rule includes a provision to regulate the sound level output of railroad horns. This...

Ultrasound-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound ablation for treating uterine arteriovenous malformation.

PubMed

Yan, X; Zhao, C; Tian, C; Wen, S; He, X; Zhou, Y

2017-08-01

To explore HIFU treatment for uterine arteriovenous malformation. A case report. Gynaecological department in a university teaching hospital of China. A patient with uterine arteriovenous malformation. The diagnosis of uterine arteriovenous malformation was made through MRI. Ultrasound-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound (USgHIFU) ablation was performed. HIFU is effective in treating uterine arteriovenous malformation. The patient had reduction of the lesion volume and obvious symptom relief, without significant adverse effects. HIFU can be used as a new treatment option for uterine arteriovenous malformation. Ultrasound-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound ablation is effective in treating uterine arteriovenous malformation. © 2017 Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists.

Abnormal Uterine Bleeding

MedlinePlus

... abnormal uterine bleeding? Abnormal uterine bleeding is any heavy or unusual bleeding from the uterus (through your ... one symptom of abnormal uterine bleeding. Having extremely heavy bleeding during your period can also be considered ...

Non-minimally coupled scalar field cosmology with torsion

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cid, Antonella; Izaurieta, Fernando; Leon, Genly; Medina, Perla; Narbona, Daniela

2018-04-01

In this work we present a generalized Brans-Dicke lagrangian including a non-minimally coupled Gauss-Bonnet term without imposing the vanishing torsion condition. In the resulting field equations, the torsion is closely related to the dynamics of the scalar field, i.e., if non-minimally coupled terms are present in the theory, then the torsion must be present. For the studied lagrangian we analyze the cosmological consequences of an effective torsional fluid and we show that this fluid can be responsible for the current acceleration of the universe. Finally, we perform a detailed dynamical system analysis to describe the qualitative features of the model, we find that accelerated stages are a generic feature of this scenario.

Methamphetamine use can mimic testicular torsion.

PubMed

Doherty, Michael H; Gerscovich, Eugenio O; Corwin, Michael T; Wilkendorf, Stephen R

2013-09-01

We report the case of a patient presenting with the classic clinical appearance of testicular torsion. Ultrasound showed testicular ischemia supporting the clinical diagnosis, but the lack of visualization of spermatic cord torsion was of concern. An attempt of clinical detorsion was considered unsuccessful and the patient was explored. No torsion was found. On postoperative review of the patient's medical history, we found methamphetamine use, with a positive urine test at the time of his emergent consultation for the scrotal pain episode. The use of amphetamines has been previously reported as the cause of ischemia of multiple organs, but we could not find previous reports of involvement of the testis mimicking torsion. Copyright © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The effect of a nonanatomic repair of the meniscal horn attachment on meniscal tension: a biomechanical study.

PubMed

Stärke, Christian; Kopf, Sebastian; Gröbel, Karl-Heinz; Becker, Roland

2010-03-01

The purpose of this biomechanical study was to investigate the potential effect of a nonanatomic repair of the meniscal horn attachment on the resultant circumferential tension in a large animal model and to show that the circumferential tension of the meniscus affects the local stress of the cartilage. All investigations were done in the medial compartment of porcine knees. First, the anterior horn attachment of the meniscus was mechanically separated from the surrounding tibial bone and fitted with a force transducer (n = 8). The femorotibial joint was loaded in compression at different flexion angles, and the resultant tension at the horn attachment was recorded. The measurements were done with the horn attachment at its anatomic position and repeated with the horn attachment being displaced medially or laterally by 3 mm. In the second part the local deformation of the cartilage under a femorotibial compressive load was measured at different levels of meniscal hoop tension (n = 5). A nonanatomic position of the horn attachment had a significant effect on the resultant tension (P < .01). Placing the horn attachment 3 mm medially decreased the tension at the horn attachment by 49% to 73%, depending on flexion angle and femorotibial load. The opposite placement resulted in a relative increase in the tension by 28% to 68%. Lower levels of meniscal hoop tension caused increased deformation of the cartilage (P < .05), indicating increased local stress. A nonanatomic position of the horn attachment strongly affects conversion of femorotibial loads into circumferential tension. There is a narrow window for a functionally sufficient repair of meniscal root tears. Although clinical inferences are limited because the specimens used were from a different species, there seems to be only a narrow window for a mechanically sufficient repair of root tears. Copyright 2010 Arthroscopy Association of North America. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Progesterone inhibits contraction and increases TREK-1 potassium channel expression in late pregnant rat uterus

PubMed Central

Yin, Zongzhi; Li, Yun; He, Wenzhu; Li, Dan; Li, Hongyan; Yang, Yuanyuan; Shen, Bing; Wang, Xi; Cao, Yunxia; Khalil, Raouf A.

2018-01-01

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effect and mechanism by which progesterone regulates uterine contraction in late pregnant rats Results Progesterone caused concentration-dependent relaxation of uterine strips that was enhanced compared with control nontreated uterine strips. Uterine strips incubated with progesterone showed a significant increase in TREK-1 mRNA expression and protein level. TREK-1 inhibitor L-methionine partly reversed uterine relaxation caused by the progesterone, while TREK-1 activator arachidonic acid did not cause significant change in progesterone-induced relaxation. Conclusions Progesterone inhibits uterine contraction and induces uterine relaxation in late pregnancy. The progesterone-induced inhibition of uterine contraction appears to partly involve increased potassium channel TREK-1 expression/activity. Materials and Methods Uterus from late-pregnant rats (gestational day 19) was isolated, and uterine strips were prepared for isometric contraction measurement. Oxytocin-induced contraction was compared in uterine strips pretreated with different concentration of progesterone. TREK-1 potassium channel inhibitor L-methionine and TREK-1 agonist arachidonic acid were used to determine whether the changes caused by progesterone involve changes in TREK-1 activity. The mRNA and protein expression of TREK-1 in uterine tissues were measured using qPCR and Western blot. PMID:29416642

Resorptive depressions on a horn core of Late Pleistocene (MIS 3) Bison priscus (Bovidae, Mammalia) from northeastern Germany.

PubMed

Kierdorf, Uwe; Meng, Stefan; Kahlke, Ralf-Dietrich

2016-12-01

This report describes an isolated right horn core of a fossil steppe bison (Bison priscus) recovered from Late Pleistocene deposits near Langsdorf in the federal state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (Germany). AMS radiocarbon dating provided an age of 45353±2894cal yr BP for the specimen. The horn core, which by morphological criteria belonged to a female, has two depressions in its basal portion that differ in size, shape, and depth. While depressions are known from horn cores of domestic cattle, sheep, and goats, this is the first case reported from a wild bovid. Formation of the depressions on the steppe bison's horn core likely was caused by localized bone resorption during periods of increased demand for mineral elements that could not be met by dietary uptake. Such situations may have occurred in relation to pregnancy and/or lactation. Pronounced bone resorption as a means to mobilize skeletally stored mineral elements was observed in other mammals, too. Since horn cores are recovered frequently among skeletal remains of fossil bison, a systematic inspection of fossil collections for similar horn core depressions is encouraged. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Application of a boundary element method to the study of dynamical torsion of beams

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Czekajski, C.; Laroze, S.; Gay, D.

1982-01-01

During dynamic torsion of beam elements, consideration of nonuniform warping effects involves a more general technical formulation then that of Saint-Venant. Nonclassical torsion constants appear in addition to the well known torsional rigidity. The adaptation of the boundary integral element method to the calculation of these constants for general section shapes is described. The suitability of the formulation is investigated with some examples of thick as well as thin walled cross sections.

Development of a New Nondestructive Inspection Strategy for Corroded Multistrand Anchor Cables

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-07-01

perimeter wires (bottom). Torsional Guided Wave. Experiments also indicate the presence of a propagating torsional mode approximately 1.4 Mhz. This...mode is identified as torsional because it does not appear to undergo dispersion as it propagates. While this mode has been identified in a large...number of tests, it does not appear to be as robust in terms of its sensitivity to transducer coupling. Torsional modes ranges have been limited to

Direct observation of methyl rotor and vib-rotor states of S0 toluene: a revised torsional barrier due to torsion-vibration coupling.

PubMed

Gascooke, Jason R; Virgo, Edwina A; Lawrance, Warren D

2015-01-14

We report a two dimensional, laser induced fluorescence study of the lowest 345 cm(-1) region of S0 toluene. Methyl rotor levels of 00 up to m = 6 and of 201 up to m = 4 are observed. The rotor levels of 00 and 201 have quite different energy spacings that are well fit by a model that includes strong torsion-vibration coupling between them. The model requires that the rotor barrier height be revised from -4.84 cm(-1) (methyl hydrogens in a staggered conformation) to +1.57 cm(-1) (eclipsed conformation). However, the 3a2″ state lies below the 3a1″ state as expected for a staggered conformation due to energy shifts associated with the torsion-vibration coupling. It is shown that the rotor wave-functions exhibit little localization at the torsional energy minima. The variation in the m = 0 wavefunction probability distribution with torsional angle is shown to be very similar for the previously accepted negative V6 value and the torsion-vibration coupling model as this coupling shifts the phase of the wavefunction by 30° compared with its phase for V6 alone. The presence of a strong Δυ = ± 1 torsion-vibration coupling involving the lowest frequency vibrational mode provides a potential pathway for rapid intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution at higher energies.

Decreased Left Ventricular Torsion and Untwisting in Children with Dilated Cardiomyopathy

PubMed Central

Jin, Seon Mi; Bae, Eun Jung; Choi, Jung Yun; Yun, Yong Soo

2007-01-01

The purpose of this study was to analyze left ventricular (LV) torsion and untwisting, and to evaluate the correlation between torsion and other components of LV contraction in children with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Segmental and global rotation, rotational rate (Vrot) were measured at three levels of LV using the two-dimensional (2D) speckle tracking imaging (STI) method in 10 DCM patients (range 0.6-15 yr, median 6.5 yr, 3 females) and 17 age- and sex-matched normal controls. Global torsion was decreased in DCM (peak global torsion; 10.9±4.6° vs. 0.3±2.1°, p<0.001). Loss of LV torsion occurred mainly by the diminution of counterclockwise apical rotation and was augmented by somewhat less reduction in clockwise basal rotation. In DCM, the normal counterclockwise apical rotation was not observed, and the apical rotation about the central axis was clockwise or slightly counterclockwise (peak apical rotation; 5.9±4.1° vs. -0.9±3.1°, p<0.001). Systolic counterclockwise Vrot and early diastolic clockwise Vrot at the apical level were decreased or abolished. In DCM, decreased systolic torsion and loss of early diastolic recoil contribute to LV systolic and diastolic dysfunction. The STI method may facilitate the serial evaluation of the LV torsional behavior in clinical settings and give new biomechanical concepts for better management of patients with DCM. PMID:17728501

Comprehensive Patient Questionnaires in Predicting Complications in Older Patients With Gynecologic Cancer Undergoing Surgery

ClinicalTrials.gov

2018-02-14

Endometrial Serous Adenocarcinoma; Fallopian Tube Carcinoma; Ovarian Carcinoma; Primary Peritoneal Carcinoma; Stage IIIA Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IIIB Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IIIC Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IVA Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IVB Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v7

Uterine transplantation: Review in human research.

PubMed

Favre-Inhofer, A; Rafii, A; Carbonnel, M; Revaux, A; Ayoubi, J M

2018-06-01

Uterine transplantation is the solution to treat absolute uterine fertility. In this review, we present the historical, medical, technical, psychological and ethical perspectives in human uterine transplantation research. We reviewed the PubMed database following PRISMA guidelines and added data presented by several research teams during the first international congress on uterine transplantation. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.

Cyclic Axial-Torsional Deformation Behavior of a Cobalt-Base Superalloy

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bonacuse, Peter J.; Kalluri, Sreeramesh

1995-01-01

The cyclic, high-temperature deformation behavior of a wrought cobalt-base super-alloy, Haynes 188, is investigated under combined axial and torsional loads. This is accomplished through the examination of hysteresis loops generated from a biaxial fatigue test program. A high-temperature axial, torsional, and combined axial-torsional fatigue database has been generated on Haynes 188 at 760 C. Cyclic loading tests have been conducted on uniform gage section tubular specimens in a servohydraulic axial-torsional test rig. Test control and data acquisition were accomplished with a minicomputer. The fatigue behavior of Haynes 188 at 760 C under axial, torsional, and combined axial-torsional loads and the monotonic and cyclic deformation behaviors under axial and torsional loads have been previously reported. In this paper, the cyclic hardening characteristics and typical hysteresis loops in the axial stress versus axial strain, shear stress ,versus engineering shear strain, axial strain versus engineering shear strain. and axial stress versus shear stress spaces are presented for cyclic in-phase and out-of-phase axial-torsional tests. For in-phase tests, three different values of the proportionality constant lambda (the ratio of engineering shear strain amplitude to axial strain amplitude, are examined, viz. 0.86, 1.73, and 3.46. In the out-of-phase tests, three different values of the phase angle, phi (between the axial and engineering shear strain waveforms), are studied, viz., 30, 60, and 90 degrees with lambda equals 1.73. The cyclic hardening behaviors of all the tests conducted on Haynes 188 at 760 C are evaluated using the von Mises equivalent stress-strain and the maximum shear stress-maximum engineering shear strain (Tresca) curves. Comparisons are also made between the hardening behaviors of cyclic axial, torsional, and combined in-phase (lambda = 1.73 and phi = 0) and out-of-phase (lambda = 1.73 and phi = 90') axial-torsional fatigue tests. These comparisons are accomplished through simple Ramberg-Osgood type stress-strain functions for cyclic, axial stress-strain and shear stress-engineering shear strain curves.

Apropos of an unusual and menacing presentation of neurosarcoidosis: the space-occupying trapped temporal horn.

PubMed

Berhouma, Moncef; Abderrazek, Karim; Krichen, Walid; Jemel, Hafedh

2009-02-01

The trapped ventricular horn syndrome is characterized by the exclusion of a compartment of the ventricular tract from the rest of the CSF pathways. This syndrome has been reported in a variety of diseases including meningitis, intraventricular haemorrhages and tumours. Only two previous cases of neurosarcoidosis-related trapped temporal horn syndromes have been reported. The authors add a third case of a trapped temporal horn revealing neurosarcoidosis, presenting as a space-occupying process requiring urgent temporal tip lobectomy.

Understanding recent eastern Horn of Africa rainfall variability and change

USGS Publications Warehouse

Liebmann, Brant; Hoerling, Martin P.; Funk, Christopher C.; Blade, Ileana; Dole, Randall M.; Allured, Dave; Quan, Xiaowei; Eischeid, Jon K.

2014-01-01

The recent upward trend in the October–December wet season is rather weak, however, and its statistical significance is compromised by strong year-to-year fluctuations. October–December eastern Horn rain variability is strongly associated with El Niño–Southern Oscillation and Indian Ocean dipole phenomena on interannual scales, in both model and observations. The interannual October–December correlation between the ensemble-average and observed Horn rainfall 0.87. By comparison, interannual March–May Horn precipitation is only weakly constrained by SST anomalies.

The use of mifepristone in abortion associated with an increased risk of uterine leiomyomas

PubMed Central

Shen, Qi; Shu, Li; Luo, Hui; Hu, Xiaoli; Zhu, Xueqiong

2017-01-01

Abstract To investigate the association between widespread use of mifepristone in abortions and risk of uterine leiomyomas. We conducted a case-control study of 305 patients with uterine leiomyomas between January 2011 and July 2012; 311 women with ordinary vaginitis were selected as controls during the same period. Data were collected by questionnaires (including past history, life history, menstruation history, reproductive history, abortion history, the use of mifepristone, and uterine leiomyomas risk factors) and calculated by univariate and multivariate conditional logistic regression analyses; odds ratios and its 95% confidence interval were calculated to estimate the risk for uterine leiomyomas. Abortion with mifepristone was one of the risk factors for uterine leiomyomas, and the risk increased with increasing frequency of mifepristone use. Family history of uterine leiomyomas, body mass index, age at menarche, number of full-term delivery, and medical abortion history were also correlated with uterine leiomyomas. The use of mifepristone in abortion will increase the risk to develop uterine leiomyomas. PMID:28445268

The use of mifepristone in abortion associated with an increased risk of uterine leiomyomas.

PubMed

Shen, Qi; Shu, Li; Luo, Hui; Hu, Xiaoli; Zhu, Xueqiong

2017-04-01

To investigate the association between widespread use of mifepristone in abortions and risk of uterine leiomyomas.We conducted a case-control study of 305 patients with uterine leiomyomas between January 2011 and July 2012; 311 women with ordinary vaginitis were selected as controls during the same period. Data were collected by questionnaires (including past history, life history, menstruation history, reproductive history, abortion history, the use of mifepristone, and uterine leiomyomas risk factors) and calculated by univariate and multivariate conditional logistic regression analyses; odds ratios and its 95% confidence interval were calculated to estimate the risk for uterine leiomyomas.Abortion with mifepristone was one of the risk factors for uterine leiomyomas, and the risk increased with increasing frequency of mifepristone use. Family history of uterine leiomyomas, body mass index, age at menarche, number of full-term delivery, and medical abortion history were also correlated with uterine leiomyomas.The use of mifepristone in abortion will increase the risk to develop uterine leiomyomas.

Uterine Cancer: Cancer of the Uterus

MedlinePlus

... Subscribe To receive Publications email updates Submit Uterine cancer Cancer of the uterus (uterine cancer) is cancer ... Institute . Expand all | Collapse all What is uterine cancer? Cancer is a disease in which certain body ...

Planar Rotary Piezoelectric Motor Using Ultrasonic Horns

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sherrit, Stewart; Bao, Xiaoqi; Badescu, Mircea; Bar-Cohen, Yoseph; Geiyer, Daniel; Ostlund, Patrick N.; Allen, Phillip

2011-01-01

A motor involves a simple design that can be embedded into a plate structure by incorporating ultrasonic horn actuators into the plate. The piezoelectric material that is integrated into the horns is pre-stressed with flexures. Piezoelectric actuators are attractive for their ability to generate precision high strokes, torques, and forces while operating under relatively harsh conditions (temperatures at single-digit K to as high as 1,273 K). Electromagnetic motors (EM) typically have high rotational speed and low torque. In order to produce a useful torque, these motors are geared down to reduce the speed and increase the torque. This gearing adds mass and reduces the efficiency of the EM. Piezoelectric motors can be designed with high torques and lower speeds directly without the need for gears. Designs were developed for producing rotary motion based on the Barth concept of an ultrasonic horn driving a rotor. This idea was extended to a linear motor design by having the horns drive a slider. The unique feature of these motors is that they can be designed in a monolithic planar structure. The design is a unidirectional motor, which is driven by eight horn actuators, that rotates in the clockwise direction. There are two sets of flexures. The flexures around the piezoelectric material are pre-stress flexures and they pre-load the piezoelectric disks to maintain their being operated under compression when electric field is applied. The other set of flexures is a mounting flexure that attaches to the horn at the nodal point and can be designed to generate a normal force between the horn tip and the rotor so that to first order it operates independently and compensates for the wear between the horn and the rotor.

Simultaneous Recording and Analysis of Uterine and Abdominal Muscle Electromyographic Activity in Nulliparous Women During Labor.

PubMed

Qian, Xueya; Li, Pin; Shi, Shao-Qing; Garfield, Robert E; Liu, Huishu

2017-03-01

To record and characterize electromyography (EMG) from the uterus and abdominal muscles during the nonlabor to first and second stages of labor and to define relationships to contractions. Nulliparous patients without any treatments were used (n = 12 nonlabor stage, 48 during first stage and 33 during second stage). Electromyography of both uterine and abdominal muscles was simultaneously recorded from electrodes placed on patients' abdominal surface using filters to separate uterine and abdominal EMG. Contractions of muscles were also recorded using tocodynamometry. Electromyography was characterized by analysis of various parameters. During the first stage of labor, when abdominal EMG is absent, uterine EMG bursts temporally correspond to contractions. In the second stage, uterine EMG bursts usually occur at same frequency as groups of abdominal bursts and precede abdominal bursts, whereas abdominal EMG bursts correspond to contractions and are accompanied by feelings of "urge to push." Uterine EMG increases progressively from nonlabor to second stage of labor. (1) Uterine EMG activity can be separated from abdominal EMG events by filtering. (2) Uterine EMG gradually evolves from the antepartum stage to the first and second stages of labor. (3) Uterine and abdominal EMG reflect electrical activity of the muscles during labor and are valuable to assess uterine and abdominal muscle events that control labor. (4) During the first stage of labor uterine, EMG is responsible for contractions, and during the second stage, both uterine and abdominal muscle participate in labor.

Three-Dimensional Rotation, Twist and Torsion Analyses Using Real-Time 3D Speckle Tracking Imaging: Feasibility, Reproducibility, and Normal Ranges in Pediatric Population.

PubMed

Zhang, Li; Zhang, Jing; Han, Wei; Gao, Jun; He, Lin; Yang, Yali; Yin, Ping; Xie, Mingxing; Ge, Shuping

2016-01-01

The specific aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility, reproducibility and maturational changes of LV rotation, twist and torsion variables by real-time 3D speckle-tracking echocardiography (RT3DSTE) in children. A prospective study was conducted in 347 consecutive healthy subjects (181 males/156 females, mean age 7.12 ± 5.3 years, and range from birth to 18-years) using RT 3D echocardiography (3DE). The LV rotation, twist and torsion measurements were made off-line using TomTec software. Manual landmark selection and endocardial border editing were performed in 3 planes (apical "2"-, "4"-, and "3"- chamber views) and semi-automated tracking yielded LV rotation, twist and torsion measurements. LV rotation, twist and torsion analysis by RT 3DSTE were feasible in 307 out of 347 subjects (88.5%). There was no correlation between rotation or twist and age, height, weight, BSA or heart rate, respectively. However, there was statistically significant, but very modest correlation between LV torsion and age (R2 = 0.036, P< 0.001). The normal ranges were defined for rotation and twist in this cohort, and for torsion for each age group. The intra-observer and inter-observer variabilities for apical and basal rotation, twist and torsion ranged from 7.3% ± 3.8% to 12.3% ± 8.8% and from 8.8% ± 4.6% to 15.7% ± 10.1%, respectively. We conclude that analysis of LV rotation, twist and torsion by this new RT3D STE is feasible and reproducible in pediatric population. There is no maturational change in rotation and twist, but torsion decreases with age in this cohort. Further refinement is warranted to validate the utility of this new methodology in more sensitive and quantitative evaluation of congenital and acquired heart diseases in children.

Torsional ultrasound mode versus combined torsional and conventional ultrasound mode phacoemulsification for eyes with hard cataract.

PubMed

Fakhry, Mohamed A; El Shazly, Malak I

2011-01-01

To compare torsional versus combined torsional and conventional ultrasound modes in hard cataract surgery regarding ultrasound energy and time and effect on corneal endothelium. Kasr El Aini hospital, Cairo University, and International Eye Hospital, Cairo, Egypt. Ninety-eight eyes of 63 patients were enrolled in this prospective comparative randomized masked clinical study. All eyes had nuclear cataracts of grades III and IV using the Lens Opacities Classification System III (LOCS III). Two groups were included, each having an equal number of eyes (49). The treatment for group A was combined torsional and conventional US mode phacoemulsification, and for group B torsional US mode phacoemulsification only. Pre- and post-operative assessments included best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), slit-lamp evaluation, and fundoscopic evaluation. Endothelial cell density (ECD) and central corneal thickness (CCT) were measured preoperatively, 1 day, 7 days, and 1 month postoperatively. All eyes were operated on using the Alcon Infiniti System (Alcon, Fort Worth, TX) with the quick chop technique. All eyes were implanted with AcrySof SA60AT (Alcon) intraocular lens (IOL). The main phaco outcome parameters included the mean ultrasound time (UST), the mean cumulative dissipated energy (CDE), and the percent of average torsional amplitude in position 3 (%TUSiP3). Improvement in BCVA was statistically significant in both groups (P < 0.001). Comparing UST and CDE for both groups revealed results favoring the pure torsional group (P = 0.002 and P < 0.001 for UST; P = 0.058 and P = 0.009 for CDE). As for %TUSiP3, readings were higher for the pure torsional group (P = 0.03 and P = 0.01). All changes of CCT, and ECD over time were found statistically significant using one-way ANOVA testing (P < 0.001). Both modes are safe in hard cataract surgery, however the pure torsional mode showed less US energy used.

Torsional ultrasound mode versus combined torsional and conventional ultrasound mode phacoemulsification for eyes with hard cataract

PubMed Central

Fakhry, Mohamed A; Shazly, Malak I El

2011-01-01

Purpose To compare torsional versus combined torsional and conventional ultrasound modes in hard cataract surgery regarding ultrasound energy and time and effect on corneal endothelium. Settings Kasr El Aini hospital, Cairo University, and International Eye Hospital, Cairo, Egypt. Methodology Ninety-eight eyes of 63 patients were enrolled in this prospective comparative randomized masked clinical study. All eyes had nuclear cataracts of grades III and IV using the Lens Opacities Classification System III (LOCS III). Two groups were included, each having an equal number of eyes (49). The treatment for group A was combined torsional and conventional US mode phacoemulsification, and for group B torsional US mode phacoemulsification only. Pre- and post-operative assessments included best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), slit-lamp evaluation, and fundoscopic evaluation. Endothelial cell density (ECD) and central corneal thickness (CCT) were measured preoperatively, 1 day, 7 days, and 1 month postoperatively. All eyes were operated on using the Alcon Infiniti System (Alcon, Fort Worth, TX) with the quick chop technique. All eyes were implanted with AcrySof SA60AT (Alcon) intraocular lens (IOL). The main phaco outcome parameters included the mean ultrasound time (UST), the mean cumulative dissipated energy (CDE), and the percent of average torsional amplitude in position 3 (%TUSiP3). Results Improvement in BCVA was statistically significant in both groups (P < 0.001). Comparing UST and CDE for both groups revealed results favoring the pure torsional group (P = 0.002 and P < 0.001 for UST; P = 0.058 and P = 0.009 for CDE). As for %TUSiP3, readings were higher for the pure torsional group (P = 0.03 and P = 0.01). All changes of CCT, and ECD over time were found statistically significant using one-way ANOVA testing (P < 0.001). Conclusion Both modes are safe in hard cataract surgery, however the pure torsional mode showed less US energy used. PMID:21792288

802GHz integrated horn antennas imaging array

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ali-Ahmad, Walid Y.; Rebeiz, Gabriel M.; Dave, Hemant; Chin, Gordon

1991-01-01

Pattern measurements at 802GHz of a single element in 256-element integrated horn imaging array are presented. The integrated-horn antenna consists of a dipole-antenna suspended on a 1-micron dielectric membrane inside a pyramidal cavity etched in silicon. The theoretical far-field patterns, calculated using reciprocity and Floquet-modes representation of the free-space field, agree well with the measured far-field patterns at 802GHz. The associated directivity for a 1.40 lambda horn aperture, calculated from the measured E and H-plane patterns is 12.3dB + or - 0.2dB. This work demonstrates that high-efficiency integrated-horn antennas are easily scalable to terahertz frequencies and could be used for radio-astronomical and plasma-diagnostic applications.

Design of Planar Leaky Wave Antenna Fed by Substrate Integrated Waveguide Horn

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cai, Yang; Zhang, Yingsong; Qian, Zuping

2017-12-01

A metal strip grating leaky wave antenna (MSG-LWA) fed by substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) horn is proposed. The planar horn shares the same substrate with the MSG-LWA, which leads to a compact structure of the proposed antenna. Furthermore, through introducing phase-corrected structure by embedding metallized vias into the SIW horn, a nearly uniform phase distribution at the horn aperture is obtained, which effectively enhances the radiating performance of the MSG-LWA. Results indicate that the proposed antenna scans from -50° to -25° in the frequency band ranging from 15.3 GHz to 17.3 GHz. Besides, effectiveness of the proposed design is validated by comparing with a same MSG-LWA fed by an ideal rectangular waveguide.

Axial and Torsional Load-Type Sequencing in Cumulative Fatigue: Low Amplitude Followed by High Amplitude Loading

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bonacuse, Peter J.; Kalluri, Sreeramesh

2001-01-01

The experiments described herein were performed to determine whether damage imposed by axial loading interacts with damage imposed by torsional loading. This paper is a follow on to a study that investigated effects of load-type sequencing on the cumulative fatigue behavior of a cobalt base superalloy, Haynes 188 at 538 C Both the current and the previous study were used to test the applicability of cumulative fatigue damage models to conditions where damage is imposed by different loading modes. In the previous study, axial and torsional two load level cumulative fatigue experiments were conducted, in varied combinations, with the low-cycle fatigue (high amplitude loading) applied first. In present study, the high-cycle fatigue (low amplitude loading) is applied initially. As in the previous study, four sequences (axial/axial, torsion/torsion, axial/torsion, and torsion/axial) of two load level cumulative fatigue experiments were performed. The amount of fatigue damage contributed by each of the imposed loads was estimated by both the Palmgren-Miner linear damage rule (LDR) and the non-linear damage curve approach (DCA). Life predictions for the various cumulative loading combinations are compared with experimental results.

Effect of Relative Marker Movement on the Calculation of the Foot Torsion Axis Using a Combined Cardan Angle and Helical Axis Approach

PubMed Central

Graf, Eveline S.; Wright, Ian C.; Stefanyshyn, Darren J.

2012-01-01

The two main movements occurring between the forefoot and rearfoot segment of a human foot are flexion at the metatarsophalangeal joints and torsion in the midfoot. The location of the torsion axis within the foot is currently unknown. The purpose of this study was to develop a method based on Cardan angles and the finite helical axis approach to calculate the torsion axis without the effect of flexion. As the finite helical axis method is susceptible to error due to noise with small helical rotations, a minimal amount of rotation was defined in order to accurately determine the torsion axis location. Using simulation, the location of the axis based on data containing noise was compared to the axis location of data without noise with a one-sample t-test and Fisher's combined probability score. When using only data with helical rotation of seven degrees or more, the location of the torsion axis based on the data with noise was within 0.2 mm of the reference location. Therefore, the proposed method allowed an accurate calculation of the foot torsion axis location. PMID:22666303

Development of a method for measuring femoral torsion using real-time ultrasound.

PubMed

Hafiz, Eliza; Hiller, Claire E; Nicholson, Leslie L; Nightingale, E Jean; Clarke, Jillian L; Grimaldi, Alison; Eisenhuth, John P; Refshauge, Kathryn M

2014-07-01

Excessive femoral torsion has been associated with various musculoskeletal and neurological problems. To explore this relationship, it is essential to be able to measure femoral torsion in the clinic accurately. Computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are thought to provide the most accurate measurements but CT involves significant radiation exposure and MRI is expensive. The aim of this study was to design a method for measuring femoral torsion in the clinic, and to determine the reliability of this method. Details of design process, including construction of a jig, the protocol developed and the reliability of the method are presented. The protocol developed used ultrasound to image a ridge on the greater trochanter, and a customized jig placed on the femoral condyles as reference points. An inclinometer attached to the customized jig allowed quantification of the degree of femoral torsion. Measurements taken with this protocol had excellent intra- and inter-rater reliability (ICC2,1 = 0.98 and 0.97, respectively). This method of measuring femoral torsion also permitted measurement of femoral torsion with a high degree of accuracy. This method is applicable to the research setting and, with minor adjustments, will be applicable to the clinical setting.

Torsional Tribological Behavior and Torsional Friction Model of Polytetrafluoroethylene against 1045 Steel

PubMed Central

Wang, Shibo; Niu, Chengchao

2016-01-01

In this work, the plane-on-plane torsional fretting tribological behavior of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) was studied. A model of a rigid, flat-ended punch acting on an elastic half-space was built according to the experimental conditions. The results indicate that the shape of T–θ curves was influenced by both the torsional angle and the normal load. The torsion friction torque and wear rate of PTFE exponentially decreased when the torsion angle rose. The torsional torque increased from 0.025 N·m under a normal load of 43 N to 0.082 N·m under a normal load of 123 N. With sequentially increasing normal load, the value of torque was maintained. With rising normal load, the wear mass loss of PTFE disks was increased and the wear rate was decreased. Good agreement was found with the calculated torque according to the model and the experimental torque except for that under a normal load of 163 N. The difference under a normal load of 163 N was caused by the coefficient of friction. Usually the coefficient of friction of a polymer decreases with increasing normal load, whereas a constant coefficient of friction was applied in the model. PMID:26799324

Surgery and Chemotherapy With or Without Chemotherapy After Surgery in Treating Patients With Ovarian, Fallopian Tube, Uterine, or Peritoneal Cancer

ClinicalTrials.gov

2018-04-26

Recurrent Uterine Corpus Cancer; Recurrent Fallopian Tube Cancer; Recurrent Ovarian Cancer; Recurrent Primary Peritoneal Cancer; Stage IIIA Uterine Corpus Cancer; Stage IIIA Fallopian Tube Cancer; Stage IIIA Ovarian Cancer; Stage IIIA Primary Peritoneal Cavity Cancer; Stage IIIB Uterine Corpus Cancer; Stage IIIB Fallopian Tube Cancer; Stage IIIB Ovarian Cancer; Stage IIIB Primary Peritoneal Cavity Cancer; Stage IIIC Uterine Corpus Cancer; Stage IIIC Fallopian Tube Cancer; Stage IIIC Ovarian Cancer; Stage IIIC Primary Peritoneal Cavity Cancer; Stage IV Fallopian Tube Cancer; Stage IV Ovarian Cancer; Stage IV Primary Peritoneal Cavity Cancer; Stage IVA Uterine Corpus Cancer; Stage IVB Uterine Corpus Cancer

[Trapped temporal horn, an unusual form of obstructive hydrocephalus: 5 case-reports].

PubMed

Abderrahmen, K; Gdoura, Y; Kallel, J; Jemel, H

2016-04-01

"Entrapped temporal horn" is an unusual form of obstructive hydrocephalus which is due to an obstacle at the trigone of the lateral ventricle that seals off the temporal horn that may act as a space occupying process. In this study, our aim was to assess the clinical presentation, imaging, pathophysiology and the management of this entity. The medical records of patients with entrapped temporal horn diagnosed between January 2003 and December 2012 were reviewed retrospectively. Five patients were identified. In four cases, the condition developed after cranial surgery; an infant having two revisions of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt; an adult operated for a glioblastoma, an infant operated on for cerebral hydatidosis and an infant operated for an occipital encephalocele. In the last patient, the entrapped temporal horn revealed sarcoidosis. Trapped temporal horn syndrome can act as a space occupying process and requires surgical management. Internal shunting provides good results. However, the long term outcome depends on the etiology. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Nonmarine facies in the Late Triassic(?) to Early Jurassic Horn Mountain Tuff member of the Talkeetna Formation, Horn Mountain, lower Cook Inlet basin, Alaska

USGS Publications Warehouse

LePain, D.L.; Stanley, Richard G.; Helmold, K.P.

2016-01-01

The Talkeetna Formation is a prominent lithostratigraphic unit in south-central Alaska. In the Iniskin–Tuxedni area, Detterman and Hartsock (1966) divided the formation into three mappable units including, from oldest to youngest, the Marsh Creek Breccia, the Portage Creek Agglomerate, and the Horn Mountain Tuff Members. The Horn Mountain Tuff Member was thought to include rocks deposited in a nonmarine setting based on the presence of “tree stumps in an upright position” (Detterman and Hartsock, 1966, p. 19) near the top of the type section at Horn Mountain. Bull (2015) recognized possible nonmarine volcaniclastic rocks in the member during the 2014 field season in a saddle on the north side of Horn Mountain (figs. 2-1 and 2-2). The authors visited this location in 2015 and measured a short stratigraphic section to document facies, interpret depositional setting, and constrain age. This report summarizes our field observations and presents preliminary interpretations.

Neonatal uterine and vaginal cell proliferation and adenogenesis are independent of estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) in the mouse.

PubMed

Nanjappa, Manjunatha K; Medrano, Theresa I; March, Amelia G; Cooke, Paul S

2015-03-01

Neonatal uterus and vagina express estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) and respond mitogenically to exogenous estrogens. However, neonatal ovariectomy does not inhibit preweaning uterine cell proliferation, indicating that this process is estrogen independent. Extensive literature suggests that ESR1 can be activated by growth factors in a ligand-independent manner and drive uterine cell proliferation. Alternatively, neonatal uterine cell proliferation could be ESR1 independent despite its obligatory role in adult luminal epithelial proliferation. To determine ESR1's role in uterine and vaginal development, we analyzed cell proliferation, apoptosis, and uterine gland development (adenogenesis) in wild-type (WT) and Esr1 knockout (Esr1KO) mice from Postnatal Day 2 to Postnatal Day 60. Uterine and vaginal cell proliferation, apoptosis, and uterine adenogenesis were comparable in WT and Esr1KO mice before weaning. By Days 29-60, glands had regressed, and uterine cell proliferation was reduced in Esr1KO mice in contrast to continued adenogenesis and proliferation in WT. Apoptosis in Esr1KO uterine epithelium was not increased compared to WT at any age, indicating that differences in cell proliferation, rather than apoptosis, cause divergence of uterine size in these two groups at puberty. Similarly, vaginal epithelial proliferation was reduced, and the epithelium became atrophic in Esr1KO mice by 29 days of age and later in Esr1KO mice. These results indicate that preweaning uterine and vaginal development is ESR1 independent but becomes dependent on ESR1 by Day 29 on. It is not yet clear what mechanisms drive preweaning vaginal and uterine development, but ligand-independent activation of ESR1 is not involved. © 2015 by the Society for the Study of Reproduction, Inc.

Some Investigations of the General Instability of Stiffened Metal Cylinders VII : Stiffened Metal Cylinders Subjected to Combined Bending and Torsion

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1943-01-01

This report summarizes the work that has been carried on in the experimental investigation of the problem of the general instability of stiffened metal cylinders subjected to combined bending and torsion at the C.I.T. This part of the investigation included tests on 26 sheet-covered specimens. An interaction curve for the case of combined bending and torsion is presented. The results of tests of 17 specimens subjected to pure torsion are also given.

Isolated torsion of fallopian tube during pregnancy; report of two cases.

PubMed

Yalcin, O T; Hassa, H; Zeytinoglu, S; Isiksoy, S

1997-08-01

Isolated torsion of fallopian tube is very uncommon during pregnancy. Predisposing factors for torsion are hydrosalpinx, prior tubal operation, pelvic congestion, ovarian and paraovarian masses and trauma. Although the most important clinical symptom is abdominal pain in lower quadrants, the diagnosis is usually established during the operation performed for acute abdomen and salpingectomy is almost always necessary. Two cases of torsion of fallopian tube during pregnancy, one with hydrosalpinx, the other with paratubal cyst are presented and symptoms and predisposing factors are discussed.

Sporadic adult onset primary torsion dystonia is a genetic disorder by the temporal discrimination test.

PubMed

Kimmich, Okka; Bradley, David; Whelan, Robert; Mulrooney, Nicola; Reilly, Richard B; Hutchinson, Siobhan; O'Riordan, Sean; Hutchinson, Michael

2011-09-01

Adult-onset primary torsion dystonia is an autosomal dominant disorder with markedly reduced penetrance; patients with sporadic adult-onset primary torsion dystonia are much more prevalent than familial. The temporal discrimination threshold is the shortest time interval at which two stimuli are detected to be asynchronous and has been shown to be abnormal in adult-onset primary torsion dystonia. The aim was to determine the frequency of abnormal temporal discrimination thresholds in patients with sporadic adult-onset primary torsion dystonia and their first-degree relatives. We hypothesized that abnormal temporal discrimination thresholds in first relatives would be compatible with an autosomal dominant endophenotype. Temporal discrimination thresholds were examined in 61 control subjects (39 subjects <50 years of age; 22 subjects >50 years of age), 32 patients with sporadic adult-onset primary torsion dystonia (cervical dystonia n = 30, spasmodic dysphonia n = 1 and Meige's syndrome n = 1) and 73 unaffected first-degree relatives (36 siblings, 36 offspring and one parent) using visual and tactile stimuli. Z-scores were calculated for all subjects; a Z > 2.5 was considered abnormal. Abnormal temporal discrimination thresholds were found in 1/61 (2%) control subjects, 27/32 (84%) patients with adult-onset primary torsion dystonia and 32/73 (44%) unaffected relatives [siblings (20/36; 56%), offspring (11/36; 31%) and one parent]. When two or more relatives were tested in any one family, 22 of 24 families had at least one first-degree relative with an abnormal temporal discrimination threshold. The frequency of abnormal temporal discrimination thresholds in first-degree relatives of patients with sporadic adult-onset primary torsion dystonia is compatible with an autosomal dominant disorder and supports the hypothesis that apparently sporadic adult-onset primary torsion dystonia is genetic in origin.

Thermal study of longitudinal and torsional ultrasound phacoemulsification: tracking the temperature of the corneal surface, incision, and handpiece.

PubMed

Jun, Bokkwan; Berdahl, John P; Kim, Terry

2010-05-01

To evaluate the change and difference in the corneal surface, incision, and handpiece temperatures during longitudinal and torsional ultrasound (US) phacoemulsification with standard incisions (2.75 mm) and microincisions (2.20 mm) and the thermal effect on wounds. Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA. In this prospective study, human cadaver eyes had simulated phacoemulsification. Group 1 had a 2.75 mm incision with 100% longitudinal US; Group 2, a 2.20 mm incision with 100% longitudinal US; Group 3, a 2.75 mm incision with 100% torsional US; and Group 4, a 2.20 mm incision with 100% torsional US. During phacoemulsification, the corneal incision was evaluated by surgical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and images of the corneal surface, incision, and handpiece were captured with an infrared camera. Twelve eyes (3 each group) were evaluated. The maximum incision temperature was higher in the longitudinal groups than in the torsional groups. With the same US modality, the maximum microincision temperature was higher than the maximum standard incision temperature. After application of full power for 40 seconds, wound burn was observed in all eyes in the longitudinal groups and no eyes in the torsional groups. On SEM, there was more extensive loss of Descemet membrane in the longitudinal groups than in the torsional groups. Incision temperature was influenced by US modality and was significantly lower with torsional US than with longitudinal US. Using torsional US with smaller incisions may decrease the risk for wound burn in eyes with denser cataracts. (c) 2010 ASCRS and ESCRS. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

On the relationship between tibia torsional deformation and regional muscle contractions in habitual human exercises in vivo.

PubMed

Yang, Peng-Fei; Kriechbaumer, Andreas; Albracht, Kirsten; Sanno, Maximilian; Ganse, Bergita; Koy, Timmo; Shang, Peng; Brüggemann, Gert-Peter; Müller, Lars Peter; Rittweger, Jörn

2015-02-05

The mechanical relationship between bone and muscle has been long recognized. However, it still remains unclear how muscles exactly load on bone. In this study, utilizing an optical segment tracking technique, the in vivo tibia loading regimes in terms of tibia segment deformation in humans were investigated during walking, forefoot and rear foot stair ascent and running and isometric plantar flexion. Results suggested that the proximal tibia primarily bends to the posterior aspect and twists to the external aspect with respect to the distal tibia. During walking, peak posterior bending and peak torsion occurred in the first half (22%) and second half (76%) of the stance phase, respectively. During stair ascent, two noticeable peaks of torsion were found with forefoot strike (38% and 82% of stance phase), but only one peak of torsion was found with rear foot strike (78% of stance phase). The torsional deformation angle during both stair ascent and running was larger with forefoot strike than rear foot strike. During isometric plantar flexion, the tibia deformation regimes were characterized more by torsion (maximum 1.35°) than bending (maximum 0.52°). To conclude, bending and torsion predominated the tibia loading regimes during the investigated activities. Tibia torsional deformation is closely related to calf muscle contractions, which further confirm the notion of the muscle-bone mechanical link and shift the focus from loading magnitude to loading regimes in bone mechanobiology. It thus is speculated that torsion is another, yet under-rated factor, besides the compression and tension, to drive long bone mechano-adaptation. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Muscular Basis of Whisker Torsion in Mice and Rats.

PubMed

Haidarliu, Sebastian; Bagdasarian, Knarik; Shinde, Namrata; Ahissar, Ehud

2017-09-01

Whisking mammals move their whiskers in the rostrocaudal and dorsoventral directions with simultaneous rolling about their long axes (torsion). Whereas muscular control of the first two types of whisker movement was already established, the anatomic muscular substrate of the whisker torsion remains unclear. Specifically, it was not clear whether torsion is induced by asymmetrical operation of known muscles or by other largely unknown muscles. Here, we report that mystacial pads of newborn and adult rats and mice contain oblique intrinsic muscles (OMs) that connect diagonally adjacent vibrissa follicles. Each of the OMs is supplied by a cluster of motor end plates. In rows A and B, OMs connect the ventral part of the rostral follicle with the dorsal part of the caudal follicle. In rows C-E, in contrast, OMs connect the dorsal part of the rostral follicle to the ventral part of the caudal follicle. This inverse architecture is consistent with previous behavioral observations [Knutsen et al.: Neuron 59 (2008) 35-42]. In newborn mice, torsion occurred in irregular single twitches. In adult anesthetized rats, microelectrode mediated electrical stimulation of an individual OM that is coupled with two adjacent whiskers was sufficient to induce a unidirectional torsion of both whiskers. Torsional movement was associated with protracting movement, indicating that in the vibrissal system, like in the ocular system, torsional movement is mechanically coupled to horizontal and vertical movements. This study shows that torsional whisker rotation is mediated by specific OMs whose morphology and attachment sites determine rotation direction and mechanical coupling, and motor innervation determines rotation dynamics. Anat Rec, 300:1643-1653, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Thermal characterization of phacoemulsification probes operated in axial and torsional modes.

PubMed

Zacharias, Jaime

2015-01-01

To analyze temperature increases and identify potential sources of heat generated when sleeved and sleeveless phacoemulsification probes were operated in axial and torsional modes using the Infiniti Vision System with the Ozil torsional handpiece. Phacodynamics Laboratory, Pasteur Ophthalmic Clinic, Santiago, Chile. Experimental study. Two computer-controlled thermal transfer systems were developed to evaluate the contribution of internal metal stress and tip-to-sleeve friction on heat generation during phacoemulsification using axial and torsional ultrasound modalities. Both systems incorporated infrared thermal imaging and used a black-body film to accurately capture temperature measurements. Axial mode was consistently associated with greater temperature increases than torsional mode whether tips were operated with or without sleeves. In tests involving bare tips, axial mode and torsional mode peaked at 51.7°C and 34.2°C, respectively. In an example using sleeved tips in which a 30.0 g load was applied for 1 second, temperatures for axial mode reached 45°C and for torsional mode, 38°C. Friction between the sleeved probe and the incisional wall contributed more significantly to the temperature increase than internal metal stress regardless of the mode used. In all experiments, the temperature increase observed with axial mode was greater than that observed with torsional mode, even when conditions such as power or amplitude and flow rate were varied. Tip-to-sleeve friction was a more dominant source of phaco probe heating than internal metal stress. The temperature increase due to internal metal stress was greater with axial mode than with torsional mode. Dr. Zacharias received research funding from Alcon Laboratories, Inc., to conduct this study. He has no financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned. Copyright © 2015 ASCRS and ESCRS. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Influence of cyclic torsional preloading on cyclic fatigue resistance of nickel - titanium instruments.

PubMed

Pedullà, E; Lo Savio, F; Boninelli, S; Plotino, G; Grande, N M; Rapisarda, E; La Rosa, G

2015-11-01

To evaluate the effect of different torsional preloads on cyclic fatigue resistance of endodontic rotary instruments constructed from conventional nickel-titanium (NiTi), M-Wire or CM-Wire. Eighty new size 25, 0.06 taper Mtwo instruments (Sweden & Martina), size 25, 0.06 taper HyFlex CM (Coltene/Whaledent, Inc) and X2 ProTaper Next (Dentsply Maillefer) were used. The Torque and distortion angles at failure of new instruments (n = 10) were measured, and 0% (n = 10), 25%, 50% and 75% (n = 20) of the mean ultimate torsional strength as preloading condition were applied according to ISO 3630-1 for each brand. The twenty files tested for every extent of preload were subjected to 20 or 40 torsional cycles (n = 10). After torsional preloading, the number of cycles to failure was evaluated in a simulated canal with 60° angle of curvature and 5 mm of radius of curvature. Data were analysed using two-way analysis of variance. The fracture surface of each fragment was examined with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Data were analysed by two-way analyses of variance. Preload repetitions did not influence the cyclic fatigue of the three brands; however, the 25%, 50% and 75% torsional preloading significantly reduced the fatigue resistance of all instruments tested (P < 0.01, P < 0.001 and P < 0.0001, respectively) except for the HyFlex CM preloaded with 25% of the maximum torsional strength (P > 0.05). Torsional preloads reduced the cyclic fatigue resistance of conventional and treated (M-wire and CM-wire) NiTi rotary instruments except for size 25, 0.06 taper HyFlex CM instruments with a 25% of torsional preloading. © 2014 International Endodontic Journal. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.