Changes of Klotho protein and Klotho mRNA expression in a hydroxy-L-proline induced hyperoxaluric rat model.

PubMed

Jaturakan, Orapun; Buranakarl, Chollada; Dissayabutra, Thasinas; Chaiyabutr, Narongsak; Kijtawornrat, Anusak; Rungsipipat, Anudep

2017-11-17

Klotho protein is recognized as having a renoprotective effect and is used as a biomarker for kidney injury. We investigated the level of Klotho protein in hyperoxaluria-induced kidney injury and the effects of vitamin E (Vit E) and vitamin C (Vit C) supplementation. Hyperoxaluria was induced by feeding 2% (w/v) Hydroxy-L-proline (HLP) in the drinking water for 21 days. Rats were divided into 5 groups; control (Group 1, n=7), HLP treated rats that received nothing else (Group 2, n=7), Vit E (Group 3, n=6), Vit C (Group 4, n=6) and both Vit E and Vit C (Group 5, n=7). Vit E (200 mg/kg) was injected on days 1, 6, 11 and 16, while Vit C (500 mg/kg) was given intravenously on days 1 and 11. The Klotho protein levels and oxidative status were measured. The expression level of kidney Klotho protein expression was significantly reduced by HLP-treatment, while the mRNA expression was higher (P<0.05), the plasma and kidney malondialdehyde and kidney superoxide dismutase activities were increased, and the kidney reduced glutathione and urinary total antioxidant status were decreased (P<0.05). All of these changes were ameliorated by administration of Vit E, Vit C or especially the co-administration of both. In conclusion, HLP-induced hyperoxaluria reduced the kidney Klotho protein level, which could be restored by Vit E and/or Vit C.

Changes of Klotho protein and Klotho mRNA expression in a hydroxy-L-proline induced hyperoxaluric rat model

PubMed Central

JATURAKAN, Orapun; BURANAKARL, Chollada; DISSAYABUTRA, Thasinas; CHAIYABUTR, Narongsak; KIJTAWORNRAT, Anusak; RUNGSIPIPAT, Anudep

2017-01-01

Klotho protein is recognized as having a renoprotective effect and is used as a biomarker for kidney injury. We investigated the level of Klotho protein in hyperoxaluria-induced kidney injury and the effects of vitamin E (Vit E) and vitamin C (Vit C) supplementation. Hyperoxaluria was induced by feeding 2% (w/v) Hydroxy-L-proline (HLP) in the drinking water for 21 days. Rats were divided into 5 groups; control (Group 1, n=7), HLP treated rats that received nothing else (Group 2, n=7), Vit E (Group 3, n=6), Vit C (Group 4, n=6) and both Vit E and Vit C (Group 5, n=7). Vit E (200 mg/kg) was injected on days 1, 6, 11 and 16, while Vit C (500 mg/kg) was given intravenously on days 1 and 11. The Klotho protein levels and oxidative status were measured. The expression level of kidney Klotho protein expression was significantly reduced by HLP-treatment, while the mRNA expression was higher (P<0.05), the plasma and kidney malondialdehyde and kidney superoxide dismutase activities were increased, and the kidney reduced glutathione and urinary total antioxidant status were decreased (P<0.05). All of these changes were ameliorated by administration of Vit E, Vit C or especially the co-administration of both. In conclusion, HLP-induced hyperoxaluria reduced the kidney Klotho protein level, which could be restored by Vit E and/or Vit C. PMID:28943597

Interpreting the Laboratory Reports for Vit D.

PubMed

Sarmah, Devajit; Sharma, Booloo

2014-09-01

Importance for Vit D estimation has increased in the recent years due to its link to various diseases. Measurements of Vit D by different diagnostic laboratories is however not uniform. There is variation pertaining to assay methodology and also variation in the measurement of different metabolites of Vit D. There are also various confounders which influence Vit D assays and which in most instances are overlooked. Also a matter of concern regarding Vit D assays is the lack of assay standardisation. These factors contribute to the variation in the reports generated by the diagnostic laboratories. Therefore interpretation of Vit D reports needs proper understanding of these interfering factors and further reports need to be correlated substantially with the clinical findings.

Systemic administration of vitamins C and E attenuates nociception induced by chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve in rats.

PubMed

Riffel, Ana Paula K; de Souza, Jéssica A; Santos, Maria do Carmo Q; Horst, Andréa; Scheid, Taína; Kolberg, Carolina; Belló-Klein, Adriane; Partata, Wania A

2016-03-01

Antioxidants have been tested to treat neuropathic pain, and α-Tocopherol (vitamin E--vit. E) and ascorbic acid (vitamin C--vit. C) are potent antioxidants. We assessed the effect of intraperitoneal administration of vit. C (30 mg/kg/day) and vit. E (15 mg/kg/day), given alone or in combination, on the mechanical and thermal thresholds and the sciatic functional index (SFI) in rats with chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve. We also determined the lipid hydroperoxides and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in the injured sciatic nerve. Further, we assessed the effects of oral administration of vit. C+vit. E (vit. C+E) and of a combination of vit. C+E and gabapentin (100mg/kg/day, i.p.) on the mechanical and thermal thresholds of CCI rats. The vitamins, whether administered orally or i.p., attenuated the reductions in the mechanical and thermal thresholds induced by CCI. The antinociceptive effect was greater with a combination of vit. C+E than with each vitamin given alone. The SFI was also improved in vitamin-treated CCI rats. Co-administration of vit. C+E and gabapentin induced a greater antinociceptive effect than gabapentin alone. No significant change occurred in TAC and lipid hydroperoxide levels, but TAC increased (45%) while lipid hydroperoxides decreased (38%) in the sciatic nerve from vit. C+E-treated CCI rats. Thus, treatment with a combination of vit. C+E was more effective to treat CCI-induced neuropathic pain than vitamins alone, and the antinociceptive effect was greater with co-administration of vit. C+E and gabapentin than with gabapentin alone. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Differential retention of alpha-vitamin E is correlated with its transporter gene expression and growth inhibition efficacy in prostate cancer cells.

PubMed

Ni, Jing; Pang, See-Too; Yeh, Shuyuan

2007-04-01

Epidemiological studies showed Vit E has protective effects against prostate cancer (PCa). Interestingly, different prostate cancer cells have different sensitivity to alpha-Vit E or VES treatment. The goal of this study is to determine whether cellular Vit E bioavailability and its transport proteins are important contributing factors. alpha-Vit E and its ester form, VES, were used to treat prostate cancer LNCaP, PC3, and DU145 cells, and their growth rates were determined by MTT assay. Cellular levels of Vit E were quantified using HPLC as the index of bioavailability. The expression levels of Vit E transport proteins were determined by real-time PCR. Among these PCa cells, only LNCaP cells were sensitive to 20 microM alpha-Vit E treatment, while both LNCaP and PC3 cells were sensitive to 20 microM VES treatment. Coordinately, cellular levels of alpha-Vit E and VES positively correlated to their inhibitory effects. Further study found expression levels of Vit E transport proteins, including tocopherol associated protein (TAP), scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI), alpha-tocopherol transfer protein (TTP), and ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), were different in various PCa cells, which may contribute to cellular Vit E bioavailability. This notion is further supported by the findings that overexpression or knockdown of TTP could coordinately alter cellular alpha-Vit E levels in PCa cells. Antiproliferative efficacy of alpha-Vit E is correlated with its cellular bioavailability in PCa cells. Modulating the expression of the efflux or influx transporters could sensitize the growth inhibition efficacy of Vit E in prostate cancer cells.

Vitamins C and E improve regrowth and reduce lipid peroxidation of blackberry shoot tips following cryopreservation.

PubMed

Uchendu, Esther E; Leonard, Scott W; Traber, Maret G; Reed, Barbara M

2010-01-01

Oxidative processes involved in cryopreservation protocols may be responsible for the reduced viability of tissues after liquid nitrogen exposure. Antioxidants that counteract these reactions should improve recovery. This study focused on oxidative lipid injury and the effects of exogenous vitamin E (tocopherol, Vit E) and vitamin C (ascorbic acid, Vit C) treatments on regrowth at four critical steps of the plant vitrification solution number 2 (PVS2) vitrification cryopreservation technique; pretreatment, loading, rinsing, and regrowth. Initial experiments showed that Vit E at 11-15 mM significantly increased regrowth (P < 0.001) when added at any of the four steps. There was significantly more malondialdehyde (MDA), a lipid peroxidation product, at each of the steps than in fresh untreated shoot tips. Vit E uptake was assayed at each step and showed significantly more alpha- and gamma-tocopherols in treated shoots than those without Vit E. Vit E added at each step significantly reduced MDA formation and improved shoot regrowth. Vit C (0.14-0.58 mM) also significantly improved regrowth of shoot tips at each step compared to the controls. Regrowth medium with high iron concentrations and Vit C decreased recovery. However, in iron-free medium, Vit C significantly improved recovery. Treatments with Vit E (11 mM) and Vit C (0.14 mM) combined were not significantly better than Vit C alone. We recommend adding Vit C (0.28 mM) to the pretreatment medium, the loading solution or the rinse solution in the PVS2 vitrification protocol. This is the first report of the application of vitamins for improving cryopreservation of plant tissues by minimizing oxidative damage.

Current Scenario of Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in Ostensibly Healthy Indian Population: A Hospital Based Retrospective Study.

PubMed

Shukla, Kirtikar; Sharma, Shikha; Gupta, Aditi; Raizada, Arun; Vinayak, Kamini

2016-10-01

25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH) vit D] deficiency is a serious public health problem, particularly in the Indian sub-continent. The objective of the present study was to study the prevalence of 25(OH) vit D in different age groups. The data of 25(OH) vit D assay of 26,346 ostensibly healthy individuals, enrolled under executive health checkup at Medanta The Medicity, Gurgaon, over a period of 3 years, were extracted from the hospital information system and reviewed extensively. 25(OH) vit D deficiency (VDD) was defined as 25(OH) vit D < 20 ng/ml, insufficiency (VDI) as 25(OH) vit D between 20 and 40 ng/ml and 25(OH) vit D sufficiency (VDS) as 25(OH) D > 40 ng/mL. 25(OH) vit D deficiency (VDD + VDI) was observed in 93 % of the subject population. Maximum number of the subjects belonged to the age group of 41-60 years. 59 % had frank 25(OH) vit D deficiency when cut off level was <20 ng/mL. Mean value of 25(OH) vit D in our subjects was 21.4 ± 14.4 ng/mL. Significant difference in 25(OH) vit D level was observed in between male and female subjects. Simultaneously 25(OH) vit D levels were significantly lower in the patient visited hospital in winter-spring season than the summer-autumn season (p > 0.001). Our study demonstrates a high prevalence of 25(OH) vit D deficiency in an ostensibly healthy Indian population. There is a need for redefining our reference ranges according to our population and extensively improving the status of vitamin D.

Effect of DOTS Treatment on Vitamin D Levels in Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

PubMed

Naik, Akshatha Lalesh; Rajan, Madan Gopal; Manjrekar, Poornima A; Shenoy, Mamatha T; Shreelata, Souparnika; Srikantiah, Rukmini Mysore; Hegde, Anupama

2017-04-01

Vitamin D (Vit D) modulates a variety of processes and regulatory systems including host defense, inflammation, immunity, and repair. Vit D Deficiency (VDD) is been implicated as a cause in diabetes, immune dysfunction and Tuberculosis (TB). Impaired metabolism of Vit D and an adverse outcome is associated with Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB). Directly Observed Treatment Short Course (DOTS) consist of drugs like rifampicin and isoniazid, which respectively cause accelerated loss of Vit D due to increased clearance and impairment of 25-hydroxylation causing diminished Vit D action. The aim of the present study was to estimate and compare serum Vit D status in newly diagnosed PTB patients before and after DOTS to validate the supplementation of Vit D in PTB patients. Forty four newly diagnosed PTB patients of both the sexes in the age group of 18 to 60 years before starting DOTS were recruited to participate in this non- randomized controlled trial with their voluntary consent. Vit D status in these patients and the effect of DOTS on Vit D were evaluated. Mean Vit D levels of the study population aged 43±13 years was 20.74 ng/ml (normal >30 ng/ml) at the time of diagnosis. After completion of six months of therapy mean Vit D reduced to 17.49 ng/ml (p-value=0.041). On individual observations, 70% of the participants showed a decrease in Vit D levels from their baseline, whereas 30% showed an increase. Comparison between the two groups indicated the possible role of younger age in the improved status. VDD was seen in PTB patients, which worsened in majority of the study population after treatment; hence it would be advisable to recommend Vit D supplementation in PTB patients for a better outcome.

Effects of Vitamin D Restricted Diet Administered during Perinatal and Postnatal Periods on the Penis of Wistar Rats

PubMed Central

Fernandes-Lima, Flávia; Gregório, Bianca M.; Nascimento, Fernanda A. M.; Costa, Waldemar S.; Sampaio, Francisco J. B.

2018-01-01

Vitamin D deficiency is common in pregnant women and infants. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of vitamin D restricted diet on the Wistar rats offspring penis morphology. Mother rats received either standard diet (SC) or vitamin D restricted (VitD) diet. At birth, offspring were divided into SC/SC (from SC mothers, fed with SC diet) and VitD/VitD (from VitD mothers, fed with VitD diet). After euthanasia the penises were processed for histomorphometric analysis. The VitD/VitD offspring displayed metabolic changes and reduction in the cross-sectional area of the penis, corpus cavernosum, tunica albuginea, and increased area of the corpus spongiosum. The connective tissue, smooth muscle, and cell proliferation percentages were greater in the corpus cavernosum and corpus spongiosum in the VitD/VitD offspring. The percentages of sinusoidal spaces and elastic fibers in the corpus cavernosum decreased. The elastic fibers in the tunica albuginea of the corpus spongiosum in the VitD/VitD offspring were reduced. Vitamin D restriction during perinatal and postnatal periods induced metabolic and structural changes and represented important risk factors for erectile dysfunction in the penis of the adult offspring. These findings suggest that vitamin D is an important micronutrient in maintaining the cytoarchitecture of the penis. PMID:29850540

Developmental study of vitamin C distribution in children's brainstems by immunohistochemistry.

PubMed

Coveñas, R; González-Fuentes, J; Rivas-Infante, E; Lagartos-Donate, M J; Mangas, A; Geffard, M; Arroyo-Jiménez, M M; Cebada-Sánchez, S; Insausti, R; Marcos, P

2015-09-01

Vitamin C (Vit C) is an important antioxidant, exerts powerful neuroprotective brain effects and plays a role in neuronal development and maturation. Vit C is present in brain tissue at higher concentrations than in other organs, but its detailed distribution in brain is unknown. Immunohistochemical detection of this vitamin has been performed by using a highly specific antibody against Vit C. The aim of the present work was to analyze the distribution of Vit C in children's brainstems during postnatal development, comparing two groups of ages: younger and older than one year of life. In general, the same areas showing neurons with Vit C in young cases are also immunostained at older ages. The distribution of neurons containing Vit C was broader in the brainstems of older children, suggesting that brainstem neurons maintain or even increase their ability to retain Vit C along the life span. Immunohistochemical labeling revealed only cell bodies containing this vitamin, and no immunoreactive fibers were observed. The distribution pattern of Vit C in children's brainstems suggests a possible role of Vit C in brain homeostatic regulation. In addition, the constant presence of Vit C in neurons of locus coeruleus supports the important role of Vit C in noradrenaline synthesis, which seemed to be maintained along postnatal development. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

The role of vitamin D in pulmonary disease: COPD, asthma, infection, and cancer

PubMed Central

2011-01-01

The role of vitamin D (VitD) in calcium and bone homeostasis is well described. In the last years, it has been recognized that in addition to this classical function, VitD modulates a variety of processes and regulatory systems including host defense, inflammation, immunity, and repair. VitD deficiency appears to be frequent in industrialized countries. Especially patients with lung diseases have often low VitD serum levels. Epidemiological data indicate that low levels of serum VitD is associated with impaired pulmonary function, increased incidence of inflammatory, infectious or neoplastic diseases. Several lung diseases, all inflammatory in nature, may be related to activities of VitD including asthma, COPD and cancer. The exact mechanisms underlying these data are unknown, however, VitD appears to impact on the function of inflammatory and structural cells, including dendritic cells, lymphocytes, monocytes, and epithelial cells. This review summarizes the knowledge on the classical and newly discovered functions of VitD, the molecular and cellular mechanism of action and the available data on the relationship between lung disease and VitD status. PMID:21418564

Inhibitory effect of vitamin C in combination with vitamin K3 on tumor growth and metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma xenografted in C57BL/6 mice.

PubMed

Chen, Ming-Feng; Yang, Chih-Min; Su, Cheng-Ming; Liao, Jiunn-Wang; Hu, Miao-Lin

2011-01-01

Vitamin C in combination with vitamin K3 (vit CK3) has been shown to inhibit tumor growth and lung metastasis in vivo, but the mechanism of action is poorly understood. Herein, C57BL/6 mice were implanted (s.c.) with Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) for 9 days before injection (i.p.) with low-dose (100 mg vit C/kg + 1 mg vit K3/kg), high-dose (1,000 mg vit C/kg + 10 mg vit K3/kg) vit CK3 twice a week for an additional 28 days. As expected, vit CK3 or cisplatin (6 mg/kg, as a positive control) significantly and dose-dependently inhibited tumor growth and lung metastasis in LLC-bearing mice. Vit CK3 restored the body weight of tumor-bearing mice to the level of tumor-free mice. Vit CK3 significantly decreased activities of plasma metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, -9, and urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA). In lung tissues, vit CK3 1) increased protein expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), TIMP-2, nonmetastatic protein 23 homolog 1 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; 2) reduced protein expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9; and 3) inhibited the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). These results demonstrate that vit CK3 inhibits primary tumor growth and exhibits antimetastastic potential in vivo through attenuated tumor invasion and proliferation.

Vitamin D in schizophrenia: a clinical review.

PubMed

Chiang, Mathew; Natarajan, Radhika; Fan, Xiaoduo

2016-02-01

Vitamin D (vitD) is known for its essential role in calcium homeostasis and bone health. VitD is made endogenously in the skin from UVB radiation from sunlight. VitD is now considered as a potent neurosteroid hormone, critical to brain development and normal brain function, and is known for its anti-inflammatory property affecting various aspects of human health. VitD ligand-receptor, a receptor that mediates much of vitD's biological actions, has been found throughout the body including the central nervous system. VitD deficiency is common in patients with severe mental illness such as schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is a debilitating chronic mental illness characterised by positive symptoms, such as hallucinations and delusions, and negative symptoms including flat affect and lack of motivation. Several environmental risk factors for schizophrenia, such as season of birth, latitude and migration, have been linked to vitD deficiency. Recent studies have suggested a potential role of vitD in the development of schizophrenia. For example, neonatal vitD status is associated with the risk of developing schizophrenia in later life obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia and cardiovascular disease, which are commonly seen in patients with schizophrenia. It has been well established that vitD deficiency is related to these metabolic problems. The biological mechanism is most likely related to vitD's action on the regulation of inflammatory and immunological processes, consequently affecting the manifestation of clinical symptoms and treatment response of schizophrenia. Potential benefits of vitD supplementation to improve schizophrenia symptoms as well as physical health in patients with schizophrenia should be further explored in future studies. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/

In vivo vitamin C deficiency in guinea pigs increases ascorbate transporters in liver but not kidney and brain.

PubMed

Søgaard, Ditte; Lindblad, Maiken M; Paidi, Maya D; Hasselholt, Stine; Lykkesfeldt, Jens; Tveden-Nyborg, Pernille

2014-07-01

Moderate vitamin C (vitC) deficiency (plasma concentrations less than 23 μmol/L) affects as much as 10% of adults in the Western World and has been associated with an increased mortality in disease complexes such as cardiovascular disease and the metabolic syndrome. The distribution of vitC within the body is subjected to complex and nonlinear pharmacokinetics and largely depends on the sodium-dependent vitC-specific transporters, sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter 1 (SVCT1) and sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter 2 (SVCT2). Although currently not established, it is likely to expect that a state of deficiency may affect the expression of these transporters to preserve vitC concentrations in specific target tissues. We hypothesized that diet-induced states of vitC deficiency lead to alterations in the messenger RNA (mRNA) and/or protein expression of vitC transporters, thereby regulating vitC tissue distribution. Using guinea pigs as a validated model, this study investigated the effects of a diet-induced vitC deficiency (100 mg vitC/kg feed) or depletion (0 mg vitC/kg feed) on the expression of transporters SVCT1 and SVCT2 in selected tissues and the transport from plasma to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). In deficient animals, SVCT1 was increased in the liver, whereas a decreased SVCT1 expression but increased SVCT2 mRNA in livers of depleted animals suggests a shift in transporter expression as response to the diet. In CSF, a constant plasma:CSF ratio shows unaltered vitC transport irrespective of dietary regime. The study adds novel information to the complex regulation maintaining vitC homeostasis in vivo during states of deficiency. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Protective effects of vitamin E against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats.

PubMed

Saleh, Nermine K; Saleh, Hanan A

2010-02-01

To clarify the cardioprotective effects of a short course of vitamin E treatment (vit E) as compared with a nitric oxide donor, nitroglycerin (GTN) against ischemia-reperfusion induced heart injury in rats. This randomized control study was conducted in the Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt from 1st June to 31 August 2009. This work was undertaken on 28 female Wistar rats weighing 150- 200 gm. Rats were allocated into 4 groups; control group (non-treated), GTN-treated group (rats received GTN intraperitoneally 25 minutes before sacrifice, in a dose of 120 ug/kg body weight), vit E-treated group (rat received vit E by oral tubal feeding 16-20 hours before sacrifice, in a dose of 250 mg/rat), and vit E and GTN-treated group (rats received vit E and GTN as in both GTN-treated group and vit E -treated group). After sacrifice, the hearts were excised and perfused in a Langendorff preparation and subjected to 30 minutes global ischemia and reperfused for 30 minutes. Following reperfusion, heart tissues were used for assessment of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)+, and for histological examination. Vitamin E treatment resulted in an enhanced post-ischemic recovery of systolic function in vit E-treated groups (vit E-treated group, and vit E and GTN-treated group) compared to the control group. Post-ischemic recovery of coronary flow was enhanced in the vit E-treated group compared to the GTN-treated group. Post ischemic tissue degeneration indicators: MDA, and NAD+ indicated a cardioprotective effect of vit E. Histological study revealed marked improvement of myocytes and mitochondrial structure in the vit E-treated group as compared with the control group. Preconditioning with vit E treatment afforded substantial recovery of post-ischemic contractile, and vascular functions compared to GTN treatment, the mechanism might involve less opening of mitochondrial permeability transition during postischemic reperfusion.

A preliminary study on the effects of star fruit consumption on antioxidant and lipid status in elderly Thai individuals.

PubMed

Leelarungrayub, Jirakrit; Yankai, Araya; Pinkaew, Decha; Puntumetakul, Rungthip; Laskin, James J; Bloomer, Richard J

2016-01-01

The aims of this preliminary study were to evaluate the antioxidant and lipid status before and after star fruit juice consumption in healthy elderly subjects, and the vitamins in star fruit extracts. A preliminary designated protocol was performed in 27 elderly individuals with a mean (±SD) age of 69.5±5.3 years, by planning a 2-week control period before 4 weeks of consumption of star fruit twice daily. Oxidative stress parameters such as total antioxidant capacity, glutathione, malondialdehyde, protein hydroperoxide, multivitamins such as l-ascorbic acid (Vit C), retinoic acid (Vit A), and tocopherol (Vit E), and the lipid profile parameters such as cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) were analyzed. Moreover, Vit C, Vit A, and Vit E levels were evaluated in the star fruit extracts during the 4-week period. In the 2-week control period, all parameters showed no statistically significant difference; after 4 weeks of consumption, significant improvement in the antioxidant status was observed with increased total antioxidant capacity and reduced malondialdehyde and protein hydroperoxide levels, as well as significantly increased levels of Vit C and Vit A, when compared to the two-time evaluation during the baseline periods. However, glutathione and Vit E showed no statistical difference. In addition, the HDL-C level was higher and the LDL-C level was significantly lower when compared to both baseline periods. But the levels of triglyceride and cholesterol showed no difference. Vit C and Vit A were identified in small quantities in the star fruit extract. This preliminary study suggested that consumption of star fruit juice twice daily for 1 month improved the elderly people's antioxidant status and vitamins, as well as improved the lipoproteins related to Vit C and Vit A in the star fruit extract.

A preliminary study on the effects of star fruit consumption on antioxidant and lipid status in elderly Thai individuals

PubMed Central

Leelarungrayub, Jirakrit; Yankai, Araya; Pinkaew, Decha; Puntumetakul, Rungthip; Laskin, James J; Bloomer, Richard J

2016-01-01

Objective The aims of this preliminary study were to evaluate the antioxidant and lipid status before and after star fruit juice consumption in healthy elderly subjects, and the vitamins in star fruit extracts. Methods A preliminary designated protocol was performed in 27 elderly individuals with a mean (±SD) age of 69.5±5.3 years, by planning a 2-week control period before 4 weeks of consumption of star fruit twice daily. Oxidative stress parameters such as total antioxidant capacity, glutathione, malondialdehyde, protein hydroperoxide, multivitamins such as l-ascorbic acid (Vit C), retinoic acid (Vit A), and tocopherol (Vit E), and the lipid profile parameters such as cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) were analyzed. Moreover, Vit C, Vit A, and Vit E levels were evaluated in the star fruit extracts during the 4-week period. Results In the 2-week control period, all parameters showed no statistically significant difference; after 4 weeks of consumption, significant improvement in the antioxidant status was observed with increased total antioxidant capacity and reduced malondialdehyde and protein hydroperoxide levels, as well as significantly increased levels of Vit C and Vit A, when compared to the two-time evaluation during the baseline periods. However, glutathione and Vit E showed no statistical difference. In addition, the HDL-C level was higher and the LDL-C level was significantly lower when compared to both baseline periods. But the levels of triglyceride and cholesterol showed no difference. Vit C and Vit A were identified in small quantities in the star fruit extract. Conclusion This preliminary study suggested that consumption of star fruit juice twice daily for 1 month improved the elderly people’s antioxidant status and vitamins, as well as improved the lipoproteins related to Vit C and Vit A in the star fruit extract. PMID:27621606

Decreased Serum Vitamin D Levels in Children with Asthma are Associated with Increased Corticosteroid Usage

PubMed Central

Searing, Daniel A.; Zhang, Yong; Murphy, James R.; Hauk, Pia J.; Goleva, Elena; Leung, Donald Y. M.

2010-01-01

Background There is little knowledge about clinical variables associated with vitamin D (vitD) insufficiency in asthmatic children. Objective To investigate disease variables associated with vitD insufficiency in childhood asthma and interaction of vitD with corticosteroid-mediated anti-inflammatory responses. Methods We analyzed 25-hydroxyvitamin D serum levels in 100 asthmatic children to investigate relationships between 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and patient characteristics. We determined vitD effects on dexamethasone (DEX) induction of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) and IL-10 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Results The median 25-hydroxyvitamin D serum level was 31 ng/mL. 47% of subjects had vitD levels in the insufficient range (<30 ng/mL), while 17% were vitD deficient (<20 ng/mL). Log10 IgE (p=0.01, ρ=−0.25) and the number of positive aeroallergen skin prick tests (p=0.02, ρ=−0.23) showed a significant inverse correlation with vitD, whereas FEV1% predicted (p =0.004, ρ=0.34) and FEV1/FVC ratio (p=0.01, ρ=0.30) showed a significant positive correlation with vitD. The use of inhaled steroids (p=0.0475), oral steroids (p=0.02), and total steroid dose (p=0.001), all showed significant inverse correlations with vitD. The amount of MKP-1 and IL-10 mRNA induced by vitD plus DEX was significantly greater than that induced by DEX alone (p<0.01). In an experimental model of steroid resistance where DEX alone did not inhibit T cell proliferation, addition of vitD to DEX resulted in significant dose dependent suppression of cell proliferation. Conclusions Corticosteroid use and worsening airflow limitation is associated with lower vitD serum levels in asthmatics. VitD enhances glucocorticoid action in asthmatic PBMC and enhances the immunosuppressive function of DEX in vitro. Clinical Implications Our study suggests that vitD supplementation may potentiate anti-inflammatory function of corticosteroids in asthmatics and thereby improve asthma control. PMID:20381849

Vitamin D status in growing dairy goats and sheep: Influence of ultraviolet B radiation on bone metabolism and calcium homeostasis.

PubMed

Nemeth, M V; Wilkens, M R; Liesegang, A

2017-10-01

The aim of this study was to investigate how controlled UVB irradiation in combination with reduced nutritional vitamin D (vitD) supply affects vitD status and Ca metabolism of growing goats and sheep. The hypothesis was that, like dairy cows, goats and sheep are able to compensate for the missing nutritional supply of vitD through endogenous production in the skin, with the consequence of a high vitD status and a balanced Ca homeostasis. Sixteen lambs and 14 goat kids aged 3 and a half months were housed in an UVB free environment and fed hay and a vitD-free concentrate over a period of 13 wk. One group of each species was exposed to UVB lamps daily during individual feeding; the other groups served as controls. Serum, urine, and feces samples were taken at the start and at a monthly interval. Serum was analyzed for vitD metabolites, bone markers, growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor I, Ca, and P. Apparent digestibility and urinary excretion of Ca and P were determined. The left metatarsus was analyzed by peripheral quantitative computer tomography for bone mineral density before starting and at the end of the trial. In wk 13, all animals were slaughtered and samples of skin, rumen, duodenum, kidney, and bone (metatarsus) were collected. Content of sterols of vitD synthesis in the skin, Ca flux rates in rumen and duodenum, expression of vitD receptor in duodenum and kidney, renal and intestinal gene expression of Ca transport proteins, and renal enzymes related to vitD metabolism were determined. The UVB exposure led to lower 7-dehydrocholesterol content in the skin and a better vitD status (higher serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D), but no signs of vitD deficiency were seen in the control groups and no effect of irradiation was detected in the analyzed parameters of Ca homeostasis. Differences between the 2 species were detected: lambs had a higher increase of bone mineral density, lower values of bone markers, growth hormone, and insulin-like growth factor I in serum and higher tachysterol and lower lumisterol content in skin compared with goat kids. The results indicated that growing lambs and goat kids are able to compensate for a vitD-reduced diet by cutaneous vitD synthesis when exposed to UVB irradiation and therefore to keep a high vitD status. In contrast, when a reduced vitD diet is combined with missing UVB exposure, the vitD status drops, but the experimental time was probably too short to induce a vitD deficiency or an effect on Ca homeostasis. Copyright © 2017 American Dairy Science Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

[Effect of vitamin C on the condition of NO-synthase system in experimental stomach ulcer].

PubMed

Zhuroms'kyĭ, V S; Skliarov, O Ia

2011-01-01

We investigated the effect of Vitamin C (Vit C) on the changes of activity of the enzymes of NO-synthase system, nitric oxide content, lipoperoxidation processes, activity of SOD and catalase in gastric mucosa (GM), and concentrations of L-arginine, Vit C and Vit E in the blood of rats under conditions of experimental ulcer of the stomach caused by adrenaline injection. Vit C displayed a pronounced antioxidant action, reduced the degree of destructive affections, diminished the activity of iNOS and lipoperoxidation processes, decreased the NO content and SOD activity. Furthermore, the concentration of L-arginine and Vit C in the blood was increased. Combined action of Vit C with L-arginine reduced the degree of GM lesions, activity of eNOS and the content of NO in GM whereas the concentration of L-arginine in blood was increased. Under conditions of Vit C action and iNOS and COX-2 blockage, the activity of NO-synthases and lipoperoxidation processes were slightly decreased, indicating on dominant action of Vit C.

Monitoring honeybee venom immunotherapy in children with the basophil activation test.

PubMed

Žitnik, Simona E K; Vesel, Tina; Avčin, Tadej; Šilar, Mira; Košnik, Mitja; Korošec, Peter

2012-03-01

New in vitro methods are essential for developing better follow-up criteria for venom immunotherapy (VIT). Thirty-one children with a history of honeybee venom-induced systemic anaphylaxis were included in this prospective, single-blinded study. The basophil CD63 activation test (BAT) was assessed before starting VIT, at the end of the build-up phase (day 5), 6 months later, and after 2-4 yr of VIT. Basophil CD63 activation test allowed identification of the culprit insect in 74% of honeybee venom-allergic children. In comparison, IgE reactivity was single positive in only 52% of children. Five days after starting VIT, BAT was highly comparable to before VIT. However, after 6 months and further after 2-4 yr of VIT, a significant and approximately fourfold decrease was demonstrated in CD63 response at sub-maximal 0.1 μg/ml allergen concentration, which mainly represents cellular sensitivity. No such differences were found at a higher 1 μg/ml of allergen concentration. Person-to-person analyses showed that after 2-4 yr of VIT, a marked CD63 decrease was evident in 85% of children. In addition, elevated basophil sensitivity measured before VIT was associated with the appearance of side effects observed during the build-up phase of VIT. Basophil CD63 allergen-specific sensitivity seems to be a promising tool for monitoring protective immune response in honeybee VIT. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.

A qualitative study of the knowledge, behaviour and attitudes of patients with skin cancer regarding sunlight exposure and vitamin D.

PubMed

Rutkowski, David; Farrar, Mark D; Osman, Joanne E; Webb, Ann R; Rhodes, Lesley E

2017-07-01

Solar UVR is a major cause of skin cancer but also an important source of vitamin D (VitD), essential for musculoskeletal health. Conflicting public health messages may confuse patients with skin cancer prone to further skin cancer. To explore the knowledge, behaviour and attitudes of patients with skin cancer to sunlight exposure and VitD sources. Patients (n = 10) previously treated for multiple basal cell cancer in a hospital setting participated in focus group sessions with semi-structured discussions to explore: knowledge of VitD, sun-avoidance behaviour and attitude towards sunlight exposure messages. Thematic data analysis was performed using software programme MAXQDA11. Pre-existing knowledge of VitD was low. Most patients practised sun avoidance and were not inclined to increase exposure. Patients did not perceive VitD deficiency as a substantial risk to their own health, or a need to take VitD supplements. They aimed to increase VitD status through dietary intake, but knowledge of food VitD content was lacking. The patients with skin cancer, appropriate to their heightened skin cancer risk, appeared unlikely to increase their sun exposure to gain VitD. However, education is required regarding the generally low levels of VitD in foodstuffs, and the requirement for supplements/fortified foods if strict sun avoidance is employed. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Does the use of vaginal-implant transmitters affect neonate survival rate of white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus?

USGS Publications Warehouse

Swanson, C.C.; Jenks, J.A.; DePerno, C.S.; Klaver, R.W.; Osborn, R.G.; Tardiff, J.A.

2008-01-01

We compared survival of neonate white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus captured using vaginal-implant transmitters (VITs) and traditional ground searches to determine if capture method affects neonate survival. During winter 2003, 14 adult female radio-collared deer were fitted with VITs to aid in the spring capture of neonates; neonates were captured using VITs (N=14) and traditional ground searches (N=7). Of the VITs, seven (50%) resulted in the location of birth sites and the capture of 14 neonates. However, seven (50%) VITs were prematurely expelled prior to parturition. Predation accounted for seven neonate mortalities, and of these, five were neonates captured using VITs. During summer 2003, survival for neonates captured using VITs one, two, and three months post capture was 0.76 (SE=0.05; N=14), 0.64 (SE=0.07; N=11) and 0.64 (SE=0.08; N=9), respectively. Neonate survival one, two and three months post capture for neonates captured using ground searches was 0.71 (SE=0.11; N=7), 0.71 (SE=0.15; N=5) and 0.71 (SE=0.15; N=5), respectively. Although 71% of neonates that died were captured <24 hours after birth using VITs, survival did not differ between capture methods. Therefore, use of VITs to capture neonate white-tailed deer did not influence neonate survival. VITs enabled us to capture neonates in dense habitats which would have been difficult to locate using traditional ground searches.

Vitamin C and Vitamin E Protected B95-8 and Balb/c-3T3 Cells from Apoptosis Induced by Intermittent 50Hz ELF-EMF Radiation.

PubMed

Ding, Zhen; Li, Jintao; Li, Fan; Mephryar, Mohammadreza Mohammadzad; Wu, Shuicai; Zhang, Chen; Zeng, Yi

2017-01-01

The extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF), mainly emitted by electric transmission lines and household electronic appliances, is becoming a worldwide health risk. It is imperative to investigate the biological impacts of ELF-EMF and to identify products that are resistant to the radiation from 50 Hz ELF-EMF. In this study, we investigated the biological impacts of apoptosis caused by 50 Hz Power line ELF-EMF and the protective effects of Vit C and Vit E. We conducted this study in Beijing, China in 2013. B 95-8 and Balb/c-3T3 cells were divided into a sham group, an expo group and 3 expo groups in which the cells were preincubated with various concentrations of Vit C and Vit E. Then, all of the cells were exposed to 50 Hz Power line ELF-EMF and examined for apoptosis. The cells were collected for apoptosis detection after exposure. The percent of cells that undergoing apoptosis and preincubated with various concentrations of Vit C and Vit E were significantly lower than in the Expo group. Vit C and Vit E exert significant protective effects from 50 Hz ELF-EMF radiation. The optimal protective concentrations of Vit C and Vit E are 10 μmol/L and 25 μmol/L, respectively. The protective effect of vitamins was more apparent for Balb/c-3T3 cells than B 95-8 cells.

Specific Immunotherapy in Hymenoptera Venom Allergy and Concomitant Malignancy: A Retrospective Follow-up Focusing on Effectiveness and Safety.

PubMed

Aeberhard, J; Haeberli, G; Müller, U R; Helbling, A

2017-01-01

Malignancies are often considered a contraindication for allergen-specific immunotherapy. Consequently, patients with severe Hymenoptera venom allergy and cancer require specific care. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess patients with Hymenoptera venom allergy and cancer undergoing venom immunotherapy (VIT). The study population comprised all patients referred for evaluation of Hymenoptera venom allergy or for a routine check-up during VIT from January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2008. Of the patients assessed, 2% (51 of 2594) had a documented Hymenoptera venom allergy and cancer (25 female, 26 male; mean age 58 years). Of these, 42 patients received VIT (82%): 25 patients had a previously diagnosed malignancy, 16 were diagnosed with malignancy during VIT, and 1 patient was diagnosed with cancer after completion of VIT. The most frequent type of tumor was breast cancer in female patients (60%) and prostate cancer in male patients (39%). Systemic allergic reactions during VIT were recorded in 7% of patients. A total of 19 patients experienced a field sting or underwent a sting challenge test during VIT: 95% tolerated the sting well. VIT was halted definitively in 9 patients (new diagnosis of cancer in 7 patients, reactivation of cancer in 1, and progressive polyneuropathy in 1). The effectiveness and adverse effects of VIT in patients with Hymenoptera venom allergy and cancer in remission are comparable to those of patients without malignancy. Our findings show that patients with Hymenoptera venom allergy and cancer are eligible for VIT.

Vitamin D Supplementation Reverses DNA Damage and Telomeres Shortening Caused by Ovariectomy in Hippocampus of Wistar Rats.

PubMed

Siebert, Cassiana; Dos Santos, Tiago Marcon; Bertó, Carolina Gessinger; Parisi, Mariana Migliorini; Coelho, Ritiéle Pinto; Manfredini, Vanusa; Barbé-Tuana, Florencia M; Wyse, Angela T S

2018-05-05

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ovariectomy (OVX), a surgical model of menopause, and/or vitamin D (VIT D) supplementation on oxidative status, DNA damage, and telomere length in hippocampus of rats at two ages. Ninety-day-old (adult) or 180-day-old (older) female Wistar rats were divided into four groups: SHAM, OVX, VIT D, and OVX + VIT D. Thirty days after OVX, rats were supplemented with VIT D (500 IU/kg) by gavage, for a period of 30 days. Results showed that OVX altered antioxidant enzymes, increasing the activities of catalase in adult rats and superoxide dismutase in older rats. VIT D per se increased the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase in older rats, but not in adult rats. VIT D supplementation to OVX (OVX + VIT D) rats did not reverse the effect of OVX on catalase in adult rats, but it partially reversed the increase in superoxide dismutase activity in older rats. OVX increased DNA damage in hippocampus of adult and older rats. VIT D per se reduced DNA damage, and when associated to OVX, it partially reversed this alteration. Additionally, OVX caused a telomere shortening in older rats, and VIT D was able to reverse such effect. Taken together, these results demonstrate that surgical menopause in rats causes hippocampal biochemical changes and VIT D appears, at least in part, to act in a beneficial way.

Vitamin D Insufficiency and Cognitive Function Trajectories in Older Adults: The Rancho Bernardo Study.

PubMed

Laughlin, Gail A; Kritz-Silverstein, Donna; Bergstrom, Jaclyn; Reas, Emilie T; Jassal, Simerjot K; Barrett-Connor, Elizabeth; McEvoy, Linda K

2017-01-01

Evidence of a role for vitamin D (VitD) in cognitive aging is mixed and based primarily on extreme VitD deficiency. We evaluated the association of VitD insufficiency with cognitive function in older, community-dwelling adults living in a temperate climate with year-round sunshine. A population-based longitudinal study of 1,058 adults (median age 75; 62% women) who had cognitive function assessed and serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitaminD (25OHD) measured in 1997-99 and were followed for up to three additional cognitive function assessments over a 12-year period. Overall, 14% (n = 145) of participants had VitD insufficiency defined as 25OHD <30 ng/ml. Adjusting for age, sex, education, and season, VitD insufficiency was associated with poorer baseline performance on the Mini-Mental Status Exam (MMSE) (p = 0.013), Trails Making Test B (Trails B) (p = 0.015), Category Fluency (p = 0.006), and Long Term Retrieval (p = 0.019); differences were equivalent to 5 years of age. For those with VitD insufficiency, the odds of mildly impaired performance at baseline were 38% higher for MMSE (p = 0.08), 78% higher for Trails B (p = 0.017), and 2-fold higher for Category Fluency and Long Term Retrieval (both p = 0.001). VitD insufficiency was not related to the rate of cognitive decline on any test or the risk of developing impaired performance during follow-up. In this population with little VitD deficiency, even moderately low VitD was associated with poorer performance on multiple domains of cognitive function. Low VitD did not predict 12-year cognitive decline. Clinical trials are essential to establish a causal link between VitD and cognitive well-being.

Changes in gene expression caused by insect venom immunotherapy responsible for the long-term protection of insect venom-allergic patients.

PubMed

Niedoszytko, Marek; Bruinenberg, Marcel; de Monchy, Jan; Weersma, Rinse K; Wijmenga, Cisca; Jassem, Ewa; Elberink, Joanne N G Oude

2011-06-01

Insect venom immunotherapy (VIT) is the only causative treatment of insect venom allergy (IVA). The immunological mechanism(s) responsible for long-term protection achieved by VIT are largely unknown. A better understanding is relevant for improving the diagnosis, prediction of anaphylaxis, and monitoring and simplifying treatment of IVA. To find genes that are differentially expressed during the maintenance phase of VIT and after stopping, to get clues about the pathways involved in the long-term protective effect of immunotherapy. Whole genome gene expression analysis was performed on RNA samples from 50 patients treated with VIT and 43 healthy controls. Patients were divided into three groups: (1) before the start of VIT; (2) on maintenance phase of VIT for at least 3 years still receiving injections; and (3) after VIT. Of all 48,804 probes present in the array, 48,773 transcripts had sufficient data for further analysis. The list of genes that were differentially expressed (at least log2 FC > 2; P < .05 corrected for multiple testing) during the maintenance phase of VIT as well as after successful VIT contains 89 entities. The function of these genes affects cell signaling, cell differentiation, and ion transport. This study shows that a group of genes is differentially expressed both during and after VIT in comparison with gene expression in patients before VIT. Although the results of this study should be confirmed prospectively, the relevance of these findings is supported by the fact that they are related to putative mechanisms of immunotherapy. Copyright © 2011 American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Effects and mechanisms of vitamin A and vitamin E on the levels of serum leptin and other related cytokines in rats with rheumatoid arthritis

PubMed Central

XIONG, RI-BO; LI, QING; WAN, WEI-REN; GUO, JIN-QIANG; LUO, BING-DE; GAN, LU

2014-01-01

Leptin has been identified as an important cytokine in the inflammatory networks of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Higher serum leptin levels may accelerate the development of RA. This study aimed to examine the effects of vitamin A (VitA) and vitamin E (VitE) on the levels of leptin and other related experimental and clinical indices, and to explore the mechanisms of these effects through the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signal transduction pathway in rats with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). CIA model rats were established by the intradermal injection of bovine type II collagen emulsified in incomplete Freund’s adjuvant, followed by a booster intradermal injection. Four weeks later, the CIA model rats were treated with 42.86 μg retinol equivalents/kg body weight (b.w.) VitA or 200 mg/kg b.w. VitE for four weeks. The levels of leptin, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, IL-4, C-reactive protein (CRP) and rheumatic factor were measured by ELISA using commercial kits, and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was determined. In addition, the expression levels of phosphorylated (p)-STAT1, p-STAT3 and leptin in the synovium were evaluated by western blot analysis. The results indicated that VitA and VitE significantly reduced the levels of leptin, TNF-α, IL-6 and CRP and the ESR and significantly increased the levels of IL-10 compared with those of the model group. Furthermore, significantly reduced p-STAT3 protein expression levels were observed in the VitA and VitE groups. In conclusion, VitA and VitE reduced the levels of serum leptin protein and other cytokines. Furthermore, VitA and VitE also reduced the p-STAT3 protein levels. The present study may provide a novel approach for the treatment of RA. PMID:25009608

Effect of combination vitamin E and single long-acting progesterone dose on enhancing pregnancy outcomes in the first two parities of young rabbit does.

PubMed

Salem, Anas A; Gomaa, Yasmin A

2014-11-10

Vitamin E (Vit. E) is needed for young rabbits to prevent reproductive abnormalities, abortion and poor survivability of kits. Also, exogenous progesterone (P4) is needed for rabbits to enhance early embryonic development because of inadequate corpus luteum (CL) development at this age. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of injecting Vit. E and the combination Vit. E+P4 in young does on live body weight (LBW) gain, gestation length (GL), numbers of services/conception (NS), conception rate (CR), abortion rate (AR), litter size (LS), kit weight (KW), total litter weight (TLW), mortality rate (MR) and progesterone (P4) concentration. The group treated with Vit. E+P4 had a greater LBW gain and lesser AR at first and second pregnancy. Treatments did not have significant impact on GL and LS in the first two parities. Treatments resulted in a significantly lesser MR and greater TLW at the second parity. The Vit. E+P4 treatment resulted in a significantly lesser NS at the first parity, while Vit. E alone resulted in a significant reduction in NS at the second parity. Vit. E+P4 had a positive effect on CR at the first parity compared with controls. Vit. E alone increased CR at the second parity compared with that of the control group. The mean P4 concentration from mating to mid-pregnancy at first parity was significantly greater in the Vit. E+P4 than Vit. E and control groups. In conclusion, treatment with Vit. E+P4 at the first parity may be economically applied on rabbit farms because this treatment resulted in a greater maintenance of the first pregnancy and improved reproductive performance at the second parity as compared with results from the Vit. E treated and control groups. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Vitamin D supplementation of initially vitamin D-deficient mice diminishes lung inflammation with limited effects on pulmonary epithelial integrity.

PubMed

Gorman, Shelley; Buckley, Alysia G; Ling, Kak-Ming; Berry, Luke J; Fear, Vanessa S; Stick, Stephen M; Larcombe, Alexander N; Kicic, Anthony; Hart, Prue H

2017-08-01

In disease settings, vitamin D may be important for maintaining optimal lung epithelial integrity and suppressing inflammation, but less is known of its effects prior to disease onset. Female BALB/c dams were fed a vitamin D 3 -supplemented (2280 IU/kg, VitD + ) or nonsupplemented (0 IU/kg, VitD - ) diet from 3 weeks of age, and mated at 8 weeks of age. Male offspring were fed the same diet as their mother. Some offspring initially fed the VitD - diet were switched to a VitD + diet from 8 weeks of age (VitD -/+ ). At 12 weeks of age, signs of low-level inflammation were observed in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of VitD - mice (more macrophages and neutrophils), which were suppressed by subsequent supplementation with vitamin D 3 There was no difference in the level of expression of the tight junction proteins occludin or claudin-1 in lung epithelial cells of VitD + mice compared to VitD - mice; however, claudin-1 levels were reduced when initially vitamin D-deficient mice were fed the vitamin D 3 -containing diet (VitD -/+ ). Reduced total IgM levels were detected in BALF and serum of VitD -/+ mice compared to VitD + mice. Lung mRNA levels of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) were greatest in VitD -/+ mice. Total IgG levels in BALF were greater in mice fed the vitamin D 3 -containing diet, which may be explained by increased activation of B cells in airway-draining lymph nodes. These findings suggest that supplementation of initially vitamin D-deficient mice with vitamin D 3 suppresses signs of lung inflammation but has limited effects on the epithelial integrity of the lungs. © 2017 The Authors. Physiological Reports published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of The Physiological Society and the American Physiological Society.

Anaphylactic Reactions After Discontinuation of Hymenoptera Venom Immunotherapy: A Clonal Mast Cell Disorder Should Be Suspected.

PubMed

Bonadonna, Patrizia; Zanotti, Roberta; Pagani, Mauro; Bonifacio, Massimiliano; Scaffidi, Luigi; Olivieri, Elisa; Franchini, Maurizio; Reccardini, Federico; Costantino, Maria Teresa; Roncallo, Chiara; Mauro, Marina; Boni, Elisa; Rizzini, Fabio Lodi; Bilò, Maria Beatrice; Marcarelli, Anna Rosaria; Passalacqua, Giovanni

2017-12-16

Up to 75% of patients with severe anaphylactic reactions after Hymenoptera sting are at risk of further severe reactions if re-stung. Venom immunotherapy (VIT) is highly effective in protecting individuals with ascertained Hymenoptera venom allergy (HVA) and previous severe reactions. After a 3- to 5-year VIT course, most patients remain protected after VIT discontinuation. Otherwise, a lifelong treatment should be considered in high-risk patients (eg, in mastocytosis). Several case reports evidenced that patients with mastocytosis and HVA, although protected during VIT, can re-experience severe and sometimes fatal reactions after VIT discontinuation. To evaluate whether patients who lost protection after VIT discontinuation may suffer from clonal mast cell disorders. The survey describes the characteristics of patients who received a full course of VIT for previous severe reactions and who experienced another severe reaction at re-sting after VIT discontinuation. Those with a Red Española de Mastocitosis score of 2 or more or a serum basal tryptase level of more than 25 ng/mL underwent a hematological workup (bone marrow biopsy, KIT mutation, expression of aberrant CD25) and/or skin biopsy. Nineteen patients (mean age, 56.3 years; 89.5% males) were evaluated. All of them had received at least 4 years of VIT and were protected. After VIT discontinuation they were re-stung and developed, in all but 1 case, severe anaphylactic reactions (12 with loss of consciousness, in the absence of urticaria/angioedema). Eighteen patients (94.7%) had a clonal mast cell disorder, 8 of them with normal tryptase. Looking at this selected population, we suggest that mastocytosis should be considered in patients developing severe reactions at re-sting after VIT discontinuation and, as a speculation, patients with mastocytosis and HVA should be VIT-treated lifelong. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Vitamin D is associated with metabotropic but not neurotrophic effects of exercise in ovariectomized rats.

PubMed

Babaei, Parvin; Shirkouhi, Samaneh Ghorbani; Hosseini, Rastegar; Soltani Tehrani, Bahram

2017-01-01

Here, we studied the beneficial effects of aerobic exercise on metabolic syndrome components, cognitive performance, brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and irisin in ovariectomized rats with different serum vitamin D (Vit D) status. Eighty female wistar rats were divided into 2 groups of sham operated (sham, n = 8), and ovariectomized (OVX, n = 72). Then OVX were divided into 9 groups of receiving combination of exercise protocol with low dose of Vit D (OVX + EXE + LD), high dose of Vit D (OVX + EXE + HD), Vit D deficiency (OVX + EXE - D), and (OVX + EXE + Veh). Also non exercised groups of OVX receiving high dose of Vit D (OVX + HD), low dose of Vit D (OVX + LD), Vit D deficiency (OVX - D), and Veh (OVX + Veh) were included. After 2 months of related interventions, spatial memory was assessed using Morris water maze (MWM), and then metabolic syndrome components were measured. High dose of Vit D supplementation showed significant reduction in weight (p = 0.001), lipid profiles (p = 0.001), visceral fat (p = 0.001) and waist circumference (p = 0.001) regardless of exercising or not, with no change in cognitiive function. Serum BDNF level was significantly higher in Vit D deficient group (p = 0.001), and was decreased in the OVX + HD. In contrary, irisin did not show any significant relationship with serum concentration of Vit D, while it was significantly elevated in the exercised groups compared with non-exercised counterparts. Vit D insufficiency deteriorates metabolic syndrome components, and elevates serum BDNF as a compensatory metabotropic factor, and further supplementation significantly attenuates these components parallel with reduction in BDNF. In addition, aerobic exercise successfully induces various metabolic benefits, provided optimum serum level of Vit D.

The association of vitamin D, cathelicidin, and vitamin D binding protein with acute asthma attacks in children.

PubMed

Arikoglu, Tugba; Kuyucu, Semanur; Karaismailoglu, Eda; Batmaz, Sehra Birgul; Balci, Senay

2015-01-01

Recent evidence about the various effects of vitamin D (vit D) on innate and adaptive immunity has led to a search for the role of vit D in asthma. It is postulated that a decrease in cathelicidin, a multifunctional host defense molecule, production due to low vit D status may predispose to infectious complications in children with asthma. The aim of this study was to determine the association of vit D, vit D-binding protein (VDBP) and cathelicidin with acute asthma attacks among children with allergic asthma. This prospective study included 35 patients with acute asthma attack and 32 children with controlled asthma, and all were matched by sampling season, sensitization to mites, and previous severity of asthma. A comprehensive questionnaire about risk factors, blood sampling for 25-hydroxyvitamin D vit D, VDBP, and cathelicidin levels; spirometric indices were used. Factors that influence serum vit D and cathelicidin levels and the development of asthma attacks were evaluated with multivariate analysis. The mean serum vit D levels of the attack group was significantly lower than that of the controlled asthma group (p < 0.001). The mean cathelicidin level was significantly higher in the acute asthma group than with the controlled subjects with asthma (p = 0.002). There was no difference between the acute and controlled asthma groups in terms of markers of allergy and serum VDBP levels. Risk factors that may influence vit D levels revealed that body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.038), duration of sun exposure (p < 0.001), and amount of dietary vit D (p < 0.001) independently affected serum vit D levels. Risk factors that may result in acute asthma showed that low serum levels of vit D were significantly related to the risk of asthma attacks (p < 0.001, adjusted odds ratio 16.11). Cathelicidin levels showed a significant positive association with asthma attacks and BMI. Vit D deficiency showed a significant relationship to the development of asthma attacks independent of cathelicidin deficiency and other factors associated with the severity of chronic asthma.

Decreased serum vitamin D levels in children with asthma are associated with increased corticosteroid use.

PubMed

Searing, Daniel A; Zhang, Yong; Murphy, James R; Hauk, Pia J; Goleva, Elena; Leung, Donald Y M

2010-05-01

There is little knowledge about clinical variables associated with vitamin D (VitD) insufficiency in asthmatic children. We sought to investigate disease variables associated with VitD insufficiency in patients with childhood asthma and interaction of VitD with corticosteroid-mediated anti-inflammatory responses. We analyzed 25-hydroxyvitamin D serum levels in 100 asthmatic children to investigate relationships between 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and patients' characteristics. We determined VitD's effects on dexamethasone (DEX) induction of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1 and IL-10 in PBMCs. The median 25-hydroxyvitamin D serum level was 31 ng/mL. Forty-seven percent of subjects had VitD levels in the insufficient range (<30 ng/mL), whereas 17% were VitD deficient (<20 ng/mL). Log(10) IgE (P = .01, rho = -0.25) and the number of positive aeroallergen skin prick test responses (P = .02, rho = -0.23) showed a significant inverse correlation with VitD levels, whereas FEV(1) percent predicted (P = .004, rho = 0.34) and FEV(1)/forced vital capacity ratio (P = .01, rho = 0.30) showed a significant positive correlation with VitD levels. The use of inhaled steroids (P = .0475), use of oral steroids (P = .02), and total steroid dose (P = .001) all showed significant inverse correlations with VitD levels. The amount of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1 and IL10 mRNA induced by VitD plus DEX was significantly greater than that induced by DEX alone (P < .01). In an experimental model of steroid resistance in which DEX alone did not inhibit T-cell proliferation, addition of VitD to DEX resulted in significant dose-dependent suppression of cell proliferation. Corticosteroid use and worsening airflow limitation are associated with lower VitD serum levels in asthmatic patients. VitD enhances glucocorticoid action in PBMCs from asthmatic patients and enhances the immunosuppressive function of DEX in vitro. Copyright 2010 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

Risk of prostate cancer in African-American men: Evidence of mixed effects of dietary quercetin by serum vitamin D status.

PubMed

Paller, C J; Kanaan, Y M; Beyene, D A; Naab, T J; Copeland, R L; Tsai, H L; Kanarek, N F; Hudson, T S

2015-09-01

African-American (AA) men experience higher rates of prostate cancer (PCa) and vitamin D (vitD) deficiency than white men. VitD is promoted for PCa prevention, but there is conflicting data on the association between vitD and PCa. We examined the association between serum vitD and dietary quercetin and their interaction with PCa risk in AA men. Participants included 90 AA men with PCa undergoing treatment at Howard University Hospital (HUH) and 62 controls participating in HUH's free PCa screening program. We measured serum 25-hydroxy vitD [25(OH)D] and used the 98.2 item Block Brief 2000 Food Frequency Questionnaires to measure dietary intake of quercetin and other nutrients. Case and control groups were compared using a two-sample t-test for continuous risk factors and a Fisher exact test for categorical factors. Associations between risk factors and PCa risk were examined via age-adjusted logistic regression models. Interaction effects of dietary quercetin and serum vitD on PCa status were observed. AA men (age 40-70) with normal levels of serum vitD (>30 ng/ml) had a 71% lower risk of PCa compared to AA men with vitD deficiency (OR = 0.29, 95%CI: 0.08-1.03; P = 0.055). In individuals with vitD deficiency, increased dietary quercetin showed a tendency toward lower risk of PCa (OR = 0.91, 95%CI: 0.82-1.00; P = 0.054, age-adjusted) while men with normal vitD were at elevated risk (OR = 1.23, 95%CI: 1.04-1.45). These findings suggest that AA men who are at a higher risk of PCa may benefit more from vitD intake, and supplementation with dietary quercetin may increase the risk of PCa in AA men with normal vitD levels. Further studies with larger populations are needed to better understand the impact of the interaction between sera vitD levels and supplementation with quercetin on PCa in AA men. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Rush immunotherapy for wasp venom allergy seems safe and effective in patients with mastocytosis.

PubMed

Verburg, M; Oldhoff, J M; Klemans, R J B; Lahey-de Boer, A; de Bruin-Weller, M S; Röckmann, H; Sanders, C; Bruijnzeel-Koomen, C A F M; Pasmans, S G M A; Knulst, A C

2015-11-01

Patients with mastocytosis and wasp venom allergy (WA) may benefit from venom immunotherapy (VIT). However, fatal insect sting reactions have been described in mastocytosis patients despite previous immunotherapy. We investigated the safety and efficacy of (rush) VIT in patients with mastocytosis and WA. To investigate the safety and efficacy of (rush) VIT in patients with mastocytosis and WA. We describe nine patients with cutaneous mastocytosis and WA who received VIT. Cutaneous mastocytosis was confirmed by histopathology and systemic mastocytosis was diagnosed according to World Health Organization criteria. VIT was given according to a rush protocol. Given the difference in safety and efficacy of VIT in patients with WA and honeybee venom allergy, we reviewed the literature for VIT with the focus on WA patients with mastocytosis and addressed the difference between patients with cutaneous versus systemic mastocytosis. Nine patients had WA and mastocytosis, of whom six had cutaneous mastocytosis, two combined cutaneous and systemic mastocytosis and one systemic mastocytosis. All patients received rush IT with wasp venom. Most patients had only mild local side effects, with no systemic side effects during the course of VIT. One patient had a systemic reaction upon injection on one occasion, during the updosing phase, with dyspnoea and hypotension, but responded well to treatment. Immunotherapy was continued after temporary dose adjustment without problems. Two patients with a previous anaphylactic reaction were re-stung, without any systemic effects. VIT is safe in cutaneous mastocytosis patients with WA, while caution has to be made in case of systemic mastocytosis. VIT was effective in the patients who were re-stung.

Vitamin D protects endothelial cells from irradiation-induced senescence and apoptosis by modulating MAPK/SirT1 axis.

PubMed

Marampon, F; Gravina, G L; Festuccia, C; Popov, V M; Colapietro, E A; Sanità, P; Musio, D; De Felice, F; Lenzi, A; Jannini, E A; Di Cesare, E; Tombolini, V

2016-04-01

Radiotherapy toxicity is related to oxidative stress-mediated endothelial dysfunction. Here, we investigated on radioprotective properties of Vitamin D (Vit.D) on human endothelial cells (HUVEC). HUVEC, pre-treated with Vit.D, were exposed to ionizing radiation (IR): ROS production, cellular viability, apoptosis, senescence and western blot for protein detection were performed. The role of MAPKs pathway was investigated by using U0126 (10 μM) MEKs/ERKs-, SB203580 (2.5 μM) p38-inhibitor or by over/expressing MKK6 p38-upstream activator. Vit.D reduced IR-induced ROS production protecting proliferating and quiescent HUVEC from cellular apoptosis or senescence, respectively, by regulating MAPKs pathways. In proliferating HUVEC, Vit.D prevented IR-induced apoptosis by activating ERKs while in quiescent HUVEC counteracted IR-induced senescence by inhibiting the p38-IR-induced activation. MEKs&ERKs inhibition in proliferating or MKK6/mediated p38 activation in quiescent HUVEC, respectively, reverted anti-apoptotic or anti-senescent Vit.D properties. SirT1 protein expression levels were up-regulated by Vit.D. ERKs inhibition blocked Vit.D-induced SirT1 protein up-regulation in proliferating cells. In quiescent HUVEC cells, p38 inhibition counteracted the IR-induced SirT1 protein down-regulation, while MKK6 transfection abrogated the Vit.D positive effects on SirT1 protein levels after irradiation. SirT1 inhibition by sirtinol blocked the Vit.D radioprotective effects. Vit.D protects HUVEC from IR induced/oxidative stress by positively regulating the MAPKs/SirT1 axis.

The Cardioprotective Effect of Vitamin E (Alpha-Tocopherol) Is Strongly Related to Age and Gender in Mice

PubMed Central

Li, Yan; Lin, Ze-Bang; Liu, Xiang; Wang, Jing-Feng; Chen, Yang-Xin; Wang, Zhi-Ping; Zhang, Xi; Ou, Zhi-Jun; Ou, Jing-Song

2015-01-01

Vitamin E (VitE) only prevented cardiovascular diseases in some patients and the mechanisms remain unknown. VitE levels can be affected by aging and gender. We hypothesize that age and gender can influence VitE’s cardioprotective effect. Mice were divided into 4 groups according to age and gender, and each group of mice were divided into a control group and a VitE group. The mice were administered water or VitE for 21 days; Afterward, the cardiac function and myocardial infarct size and cardiomyocyte apoptosis were measured after myocardial ischemia reperfusion(MI/R). VitE may significantly improved cardiac function in young male mice and aged female mice by enhancing ERK1/2 activity and reducing JNK activity. Enhanced expression of HSP90 and Bcl-2 were also seen in young male mice. No changes in cardiac function and cardiac proteins were detected in aged male mice and VitE was even liked to exert a reverse effect in cardiac function in young mice by enhancing JNK activity and reducing Bcl-2 expression. Those effects were in accordance with the changes of myocardial infarction size and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in each group of mice. VitE may reduce MI/R injury by inhibiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis in young male mice and aged female mice but not in aged male mice. VitE was possibly harmful for young female mice, shown as increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis after MI/R. Thus, we speculated that the efficacy of VitE in cardiac protection was associated with age and gender. PMID:26331272

Vitamin C and Vitamin E Protected B95-8 and Balb/c-3T3 Cells from Apoptosis Induced by Intermittent 50Hz ELF-EMF Radiation

PubMed Central

DING, Zhen; LI, Jintao; LI, Fan; MEPHRYAR, Mohammadreza Mohammadzad; WU, Shuicai; ZHANG, Chen; ZENG, Yi

2017-01-01

Background: The extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF), mainly emitted by electric transmission lines and household electronic appliances, is becoming a worldwide health risk. It is imperative to investigate the biological impacts of ELF-EMF and to identify products that are resistant to the radiation from 50 Hz ELF-EMF. In this study, we investigated the biological impacts of apoptosis caused by 50 Hz Power line ELF-EMF and the protective effects of Vit C and Vit E. Methods: We conducted this study in Beijing, China in 2013. B95-8 and Balb/c-3T3 cells were divided into a sham group, an expo group and 3 expo groups in which the cells were preincubated with various concentrations of Vit C and Vit E. Then, all of the cells were exposed to 50 Hz Power line ELF-EMF and examined for apoptosis. The cells were collected for apoptosis detection after exposure. Results: The percent of cells that undergoing apoptosis and preincubated with various concentrations of Vit C and Vit E were significantly lower than in the Expo group. Conclusion: Vit C and Vit E exert significant protective effects from 50 Hz ELF-EMF radiation. The optimal protective concentrations of Vit C and Vit E are 10 μmol/L and 25 μmol/L, respectively. The protective effect of vitamins was more apparent for Balb/c-3T3 cells than B95-8 cells. PMID:28451526

Tryptase increase on the first day of hymenoptera venom immunotherapy might be a predictor of future systemic reactions during treatment.

PubMed

Vega-Castro, A; Alonso-Llamazares, A; Cárdenas, R; Beitia, J M; Mateo, B; Alvarez-Twose, I; Blanco, C

2018-03-28

Serum tryptase (ST) decreases in long-term venom immunotherapy (VIT). A circadian tryptase variation with a small decrease has been found after sting challenge. Both findings have been related to successful VIT. Objective: To assess whether variation (increase or decrease) in ST on the first day of VIT is associated with the likehood of future systemic adverse reactions (SAR) during treatment. We prospectively studied patients who underwent cluster VIT and continued it for at least 6 months. ST was measured on the first day of VIT, before the first dose (pre-IT tryptase) and after the last dose (post-IT tryptase). Differences between patients' groups (with and without SAR) were analysed. One hundred and sixty VIT were administered to 150 patients. The median baseline ST value was 4.3 μg/L. A total of 25 VIT (15.6%) were associated with SAR. In 64% of the 25 patients with SAR, post-IT tryptase value was higher than pre-IT tryptase level; the median increment was 19% in these patients. We found a significant relation between this increase in tryptase level on the first day of VIT and future SAR (risk ratio 7.6). This elevation was independent of the VIT scheduled day and severity of the SAR, as well as of the basal ST value. A slight increase in tryptase on the first day of VIT is an independent variable strongly related to a high risk of future SAR. This simple biomarker could be helpful to improve patients´ safety.

Safety and efficacy of venom immunotherapy: a real life study

PubMed Central

Kołaczek, Agnieszka; Skorupa, Dawid; Antczak-Marczak, Monika; Kuna, Piotr

2017-01-01

Introduction Venom immunotherapy (VIT) is recommended as the first-line treatment for patients allergic to Hymenoptera venom. Aim To analyze the safety and efficacy of VIT in a real life setting. Material and methods One hundred and eighty patients undergoing VIT were studied to evaluate the safety, efficacy, incidence and nature of symptoms after field stings and adverse reactions to VIT. Results Significantly more patients were allergic to wasp than bee venom (146 vs. 34, p < 0.0001). Early and late side effects were more common during the maintenance (48 patients, 26.7%) than during the induction of VIT (32 patients, 17.8%), were more frequent in patients allergic to bees, and were not associated with angiotensin convertase inhibitors (ACEi) or β-adrenergic antagonists use. Systemic reactions were observed in 4 individuals on wasp VIT (2.7%) and in 6 patients allergic to bees (17.65%). The VIT was efficacious as most patients reported no reactions (50%) or reported only mild local reactions (43.75%) to field stings. The decrease in sIgE at completion of VIT correlated with the dose of vaccine received (r = 0.53, p = 0.004). Beekeeping (RR = 29.54, p < 0.0001) and female sex (RR = 1.27, p = 0.033) were associated with a higher risk of venom allergy. Conclusions Venom immunotherapy is highly efficacious and safe as most of the adverse events during the induction and maintenance phase are mild and local. Side effects of VIT are more common in subjects on bee VIT. Beekeeping and female sex are associated with a higher risk of allergy to Hymenoptera venom. PMID:28507496

Safety and efficacy of venom immunotherapy: a real life study.

PubMed

Kołaczek, Agnieszka; Skorupa, Dawid; Antczak-Marczak, Monika; Kuna, Piotr; Kupczyk, Maciej

2017-04-01

Venom immunotherapy (VIT) is recommended as the first-line treatment for patients allergic to Hymenoptera venom. To analyze the safety and efficacy of VIT in a real life setting. One hundred and eighty patients undergoing VIT were studied to evaluate the safety, efficacy, incidence and nature of symptoms after field stings and adverse reactions to VIT. Significantly more patients were allergic to wasp than bee venom (146 vs. 34, p < 0.0001). Early and late side effects were more common during the maintenance (48 patients, 26.7%) than during the induction of VIT (32 patients, 17.8%), were more frequent in patients allergic to bees, and were not associated with angiotensin convertase inhibitors (ACEi) or β-adrenergic antagonists use. Systemic reactions were observed in 4 individuals on wasp VIT (2.7%) and in 6 patients allergic to bees (17.65%). The VIT was efficacious as most patients reported no reactions (50%) or reported only mild local reactions (43.75%) to field stings. The decrease in sIgE at completion of VIT correlated with the dose of vaccine received ( r = 0.53, p = 0.004). Beekeeping (RR = 29.54, p < 0.0001) and female sex (RR = 1.27, p = 0.033) were associated with a higher risk of venom allergy. Venom immunotherapy is highly efficacious and safe as most of the adverse events during the induction and maintenance phase are mild and local. Side effects of VIT are more common in subjects on bee VIT. Beekeeping and female sex are associated with a higher risk of allergy to Hymenoptera venom.

Effect of vitamin D on proteinuria in type 2 diabetic patients.

PubMed

Momeni, Ali; Mirhosseini, Mahmood; Kabiri, Mohsen; Kheiri, Soleiman

2017-01-01

Vitamin D (Vit D) deficiency is a common disorder in diabetic patients and may be a risk factor for ischemic heart disease and exacerbation of diabetic nephropathy(DN). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Vit D3 therapy on protein uriain type 2 diabetic patients with deficient or insufficient serum Vit D. In a double blind clinical trial, 60 type 2 diabetic patients with proteinuria greater than 150 mg/day who had Vit D deficiency or insufficiency were randomly enrolled in two equal groups. Pearl of Vit D as 50 000 IU/week and placebo (1 tablet per week) were prescribed in patients of case and control groups respectively for 8 weeks. At the beginning and 2 months later, 24 hours urine protein was checked in all patients. There is no difference between serums Vit D level in case and control group at the beginning of the study, however at the end of the study serum Vit D level was significantly higher in the case group. There is no difference in proteinuria between case and control group at the beginning and the end of the study, while a significant difference between the changes of proteinuria before and after the study was seen in two groups ( P = 0.028). Vit D deficiency may exacerbate protein uric and DN, hence correction of Vit D deficiency may decrease proteinuria in diabetic patients with nephropathy.

Association between serum vitamin D and metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and older adults and role of supplementation therapy with vitamin D.

PubMed

Verrusio, Walter; Andreozzi, Paola; Renzi, Alessia; Musumeci, Marco; Gueli, Nicolò; Cacciafesta, Mauro

2017-01-01

To evaluate i) the correlation between vitamin D (vit. D) serum concentrations and metabolic syndrome (MetS); ii) the efficacy of 6 months supplementation therapy with vit. D. 200 patients were enrolled. Blood analyses and anthropometric measurements were carried out. Patients with hypovitaminosis D received an oral supplement therapy. 81% of the sample shows vit. D levels < 30 ng/mL. Rate of MetS was significantly higher in vit. D deficiency group than in vit D insufficiency (p = 0.009) and sufficiency (p = 0.002) groups. Vit. D shows a significant negative correlation with both waist circumference (WC) (ρ - 0.202 p = 0.004) and glycaemia values (FBG) (ρ -0.185 p = 0.009). After the supplementation therapy in a group of 60 subjects a significant increase in vit. D levels (p = 0.001) and a significant reduction in WC values (p = 0.001) were observed. MetS, WC and FBG appeared to be associated vit. D status and it is well-known that central obesity, with the inflammatory alterations thereto correlated that determine insulin resistance, can be considered the "primum movens" for the development of MetS.

A vacuolar iron-transporter homologue acts as a detoxifier in Plasmodium

PubMed Central

Slavic, Ksenija; Krishna, Sanjeev; Lahree, Aparajita; Bouyer, Guillaume; Hanson, Kirsten K.; Vera, Iset; Pittman, Jon K.; Staines, Henry M.; Mota, Maria M.

2016-01-01

Iron is an essential micronutrient but is also highly toxic. In yeast and plant cells, a key detoxifying mechanism involves iron sequestration into intracellular storage compartments, mediated by members of the vacuolar iron-transporter (VIT) family of proteins. Here we study the VIT homologue from the malaria parasites Plasmodium falciparum (PfVIT) and Plasmodium berghei (PbVIT). PfVIT-mediated iron transport in a yeast heterologous expression system is saturable (Km∼14.7 μM), and selective for Fe2+ over other divalent cations. PbVIT-deficient P. berghei lines (Pbvit−) show a reduction in parasite load in both liver and blood stages of infection in mice. Moreover, Pbvit− parasites have higher levels of labile iron in blood stages and are more sensitive to increased iron levels in liver stages, when compared with wild-type parasites. Our data are consistent with Plasmodium VITs playing a major role in iron detoxification and, thus, normal development of malaria parasites in their mammalian host. PMID:26786069

A vacuolar iron-transporter homologue acts as a detoxifier in Plasmodium.

PubMed

Slavic, Ksenija; Krishna, Sanjeev; Lahree, Aparajita; Bouyer, Guillaume; Hanson, Kirsten K; Vera, Iset; Pittman, Jon K; Staines, Henry M; Mota, Maria M

2016-01-20

Iron is an essential micronutrient but is also highly toxic. In yeast and plant cells, a key detoxifying mechanism involves iron sequestration into intracellular storage compartments, mediated by members of the vacuolar iron-transporter (VIT) family of proteins. Here we study the VIT homologue from the malaria parasites Plasmodium falciparum (PfVIT) and Plasmodium berghei (PbVIT). PfVIT-mediated iron transport in a yeast heterologous expression system is saturable (Km ∼ 14.7 μM), and selective for Fe(2+) over other divalent cations. PbVIT-deficient P. berghei lines (Pbvit(-)) show a reduction in parasite load in both liver and blood stages of infection in mice. Moreover, Pbvit(-) parasites have higher levels of labile iron in blood stages and are more sensitive to increased iron levels in liver stages, when compared with wild-type parasites. Our data are consistent with Plasmodium VITs playing a major role in iron detoxification and, thus, normal development of malaria parasites in their mammalian host.

Anti-inflammatory effects of vitamin E on adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats.

PubMed

Rossato, Mateus Fortes; Hoffmeister, Carin; Tonello, Raquel; de Oliveira Ferreira, Ana Paula; Ferreira, Juliano

2015-04-01

Vitamin E (vit-E) is a lipophilic antioxidant, and its anti-inflammatory activity is still not full characterized. Thus, our goal was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of repeated vit-E treatment in the arthritis induced by the intraplantar injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). We observed an increase in arthritis scores, interleukin-1β and H2O2 levels, neutrophil and macrophage infiltration, thermal hyperalgesia, mechanical allodynia, and loss of function induced by intraplantar CFA injection. These effects were unaltered after 1 day, partially reversed after 3 days, and inhibited after 9 days after vit-E treatment. Furthermore, the concentration of vit-E was reduced and that of tumor necrosis factor-alpha was increased in the CFA-injected paw. Both effects were reversed from 1 to 9 days after vit-E treatment. However, vit-E treatment did not alter CFA-induced edema at any time. Thus, vit-E treatment produced an anti-inflammatory effect of slow onset in CFA, which demonstrates a disease-modifying drug profile.

Vitamin D Decreases Serum VEGF Correlating with Clinical Improvement in Vitamin D-Deficient Women with PCOS: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial.

PubMed

Irani, Mohamad; Seifer, David B; Grazi, Richard V; Irani, Sara; Rosenwaks, Zev; Tal, Reshef

2017-03-28

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been suggested to play a role in the pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and may contribute to increased risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) in affected individuals. Vitamin D (VitD) supplementation improves multiple clinical parameters in VitD-deficient women with PCOS and decreases VEGF levels in several other pathologic conditions. Unveiling the basic mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of vitamin D on PCOS may enhance our understanding of the pathophysiology of this syndrome. It may also suggest a new treatment for PCOS that can improve it through the same mechanism as vitamin D and can be given regardless of vitamin D levels. Therefore, we aimed to explore the effect of VitD supplementation on serum VEGF levels and assess whether changes in VEGF correlate with an improvement in characteristic clinical abnormalities of PCOS. This is a randomized placebo-controlled trial conducted between October 2013 and March 2015. Sixty-eight VitD-deficient women with PCOS were recruited. Women received either 50,000 IU of oral VitD3 or placebo once weekly for 8 weeks. There was a significant decrease in serum VEGF levels (1106.4 ± 36.5 to 965.3 ± 42.7 pg·mL -1 ; p < 0.001) in the VitD group. Previously reported findings of this trial demonstrated a significant decrease in the intermenstrual intervals, Ferriman-Gallwey hirsutism score, and triglycerides following VitD supplementation. Interestingly, ∆VEGF was positively correlated with ∆triglycerides ( R ² = 0.22; p = 0.02) following VitD supplementation. In conclusion, VitD replacement significantly decreases serum VEGF levels correlating with a decrease in triglycerides in women with PCOS. This is a novel molecular explanation for the beneficial effects of VitD treatment. It also suggests the need to investigate a potential role of VitD treatment in reducing the incidence or severity of OHSS in VitD-deficient women with PCOS.

L-Ascorbate attenuates methamphetamine neurotoxicity through enhancing the induction of endogenous heme oxygenase-1

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Huang, Ya-Ni; Wang, Jiz-Yuh; Lee, Ching-Tien

Methamphetamine (METH) is a drug of abuse which causes neurotoxicity and increased risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases. We previously found that METH induces heme oxygenase (HO)-1 expression in neurons and glial cells, and this offers partial protection against METH toxicity. In this study, we investigated the effects of L-ascorbate (vitamin C, Vit. C) on METH toxicity and HO-1 expression in neuronal/glial cocultures. Cell viability and damage were evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthianol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, respectively. Neuronal and glial localization of HO-1 were identified by double immunofluorescence staining. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was measuredmore » using the fluorochrome 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate. HO-1 mRNA and protein expression were examined by RT-qPCR and Western blotting, respectively. Results show that Vit. C induced HO-1 mRNA and protein expressions in time- and concentration-dependent manners. Inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) but not extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) significantly blocked induction of HO-1 by Vit. C. HO-1 mRNA and protein expressions were significantly elevated by a combination of Vit. C and METH, compared to either Vit. C or METH alone. Pretreatment with Vit. C enhanced METH-induced HO-1 expression and attenuated METH-induced ROS production and neurotoxicity. Pharmacological inhibition of HO activity abolished suppressive effects of Vit. C on METH-induced ROS production and attenuated neurotoxicity. We conclude that induction of HO-1 expression contributes to the attenuation of METH-induced ROS production and neurotoxicity by Vit. C. We suggest that HO-1 induction by Vit. C may serve as a strategy to alleviate METH neurotoxicity. -- Highlights: ► Besides the anti-oxidant effect, Vit. C also induces HO-1 expression in brain cells. ► Vit. C reduces METH neurotoxicity and ROS production by upregulating HO-1 expression. ► These results suggest a therapeutic potential for Vit. C in treating METH abusers.« less

Vitamin U has a protective effect on valproic acid-induced renal damage due to its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic properties.

PubMed

Gezginci-Oktayoglu, Selda; Turkyilmaz, Ismet Burcu; Ercin, Merve; Yanardag, Refiye; Bolkent, Sehnaz

2016-01-01

The aim of present study was to investigate the effect of vitamin U (vit U, S-methylmethionine) on oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis within the context of valproic acid (VPA)-induced renal damage. In this study, female Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: Group I consisted of intact animals, group II was given vit U (50 mg/kg/day, by gavage), group III was given VPA (500 mg/kg/day, intraperitonally), and group IV was given VPA + vit U. The animals were treated by vit U 1 h prior to treatment with VPA every day for 15 days. The following results were obtained in vit U + VPA-treated rats: (i) the protective effect of vit U on renal damage was shown by a significant decrease in histopathological changes and an increase in Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity; (ii) anti-oxidant property of vit U was demonstrated by a decrease in malondialdehyde levels and xanthine oxidase activity and an increase in glutathione levels, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities; (iii) anti-inflammatory property of vit U was demonstrated by a decrease in tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels, and adenosine deaminase activity; (iv) anti-fibrotic effect of vit U was shown by a decrease in transforming growth factor-β, collagen-1 levels, and arginase activity. Collectively, these data show that VPA is a promoter of inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis which resulted in renal damage. Vit U can be proposed as a potential candidate for preventing renal damage which arose during the therapeutic usage of VPA.

Vitamin D status and related factors in newborns in Shanghai, China.

PubMed

Yu, Xiaodan; Wang, Weiye; Wei, Zhenzhen; Ouyang, Fengxiu; Huang, Lisu; Wang, Xia; Zhao, Yanjun; Zhang, Huijuan; Zhang, Jun

2014-12-04

With the increasing recognition of the importance of the non-skeletal effects of vitamin D (VitD), more and more attention has been drawn to VitD status in early life. However, the VitD status of newborns and factors that influence VitD levels in Shanghai, China, remain unclear. A total of 1030 pregnant women were selected from two hospitals in Shanghai, one of the largest cities in China located at 31 degrees north latitude. Umbilical cord serum concentrations of 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] were measured by LC-MS-MS, and questionnaires were used to collect information. The median cord serum 25(OH)D concentration was 22.4 ng/mL; the concentration lower than 20 ng/mL accounted for 36.3% of the participants, and the concentration lower than 30 ng/mL for 84.1%. A multivariable logistic regression model showed that the determinants of low 25(OH)D status were being born during autumn or winter months and a lack of VitD-related multivitamin supplementation. The relative risk was 1.7 for both autumn (95% CI, 1.1-2.6) and winter (95% CI, 1.1-2.5) births (p < 0.05). VitD-related multivitamin supplementation more than once a day during pregnancy reduced the risk of VitD deficiency [adjusted OR (aOR) = 0.6, 95% CI (0.45-1.0) for VitD supplementation] (p < 0.05). VitD deficiency and insufficiency are common in newborns in Shanghai, China, and are independently associated with season and VitD supplementation. Our findings may assist future efforts to correct low levels of 25(OH)D in Shanghai mothers and their newborn children.

1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 is an autonomous regulator of the transcriptional changes leading to a tolerogenic dendritic cell phenotype.

PubMed

Széles, Lajos; Keresztes, Gábor; Töröcsik, Dániel; Balajthy, Zoltán; Krenács, László; Póliska, Szilárd; Steinmeyer, Andreas; Zuegel, Ulrich; Pruenster, Monika; Rot, Antal; Nagy, László

2009-02-15

Activation of vitamin D receptor (VDR) by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25-vitD) reprograms dendritic cells (DC) to become tolerogenic. Previous studies suggested that 1,25-vitD could inhibit the changes brought about by differentiation and maturation of DCs. Underpinning the described phenotypic and functional alterations, there must be 1,25-vitD-coordinated transcriptional events. However, this transcriptional program has not been systematically investigated, particularly not in a developmental context. Hence, it has not been explored how 1,25-vitD-regulated genes, particularly the ones bringing about the tolerogenic phenotype, are connected to differentiation. We conducted global gene expression analysis followed by comprehensive quantitative PCR validation to clarify the interrelationship between 1,25-vitD and differentiation-driven gene expression patterns in developing human monocyte-derived and blood myeloid DCs. In this study we show that 1,25-vitD regulates a large set of genes that are not affected by differentiation. Interestingly, several genes, impacted both by the ligand and by differentiation, appear to be regulated by 1,25-vitD independently of the developmental context. We have also characterized the kinetics of generation of 1,25-vitD by using three early and robustly regulated genes, the chemokine CCL22, the inhibitory receptors CD300LF and CYP24A1. We found that monocyte-derived DCs are able to turn on 1,25-vitD sensitive genes in early phases of differentiation if the precursor is present. Our data collectively suggest that exogenous or endogenously generated 1,25-vitD regulates a large set of its targets autonomously and not via inhibition of differentiation and maturation, leading to the previously characterized tolerogenic state.

Down-regulation of FcεRI-mediated CD63 basophil response during short-term VIT determined venom-nonspecific desensitization.

PubMed

Čelesnik Smodiš, Nina; Šilar, Mira; Eržen, Renato; Rijavec, Matija; Košnik, Mitja; Korošec, Peter

2014-01-01

We recently showed a desensitization of FcεRI-mediated basophil response after short-term VIT. Our aim was to evaluate the allergen specificity of this desensitization. In 11 Hymenoptera-venom double positive subjects, basophil threshold sensitivity (CD-sens) to anti-FcεRI, honeybee, and Vespula venom was assessed at the beginning and just before the first maintenance dose (MD) of single ultra-rush VIT. In some patients we also monitored CD-sens to rApi m 1 and/or rVes v 5 or other co-sensitizations (i.e., grass pollen). In additional 7 patients, basophils were stripped and sensitized with house dust mite (HDM) IgEs at the same time points. We demonstrated a marked reduction of CD-sens to anti-FcεRI and VIT-specific venom before the first MD in all 18 subjects included. Furthermore, in 10 out of 11 double positive subjects, a significant and comparable decrease before the first MD was also evident for non-VIT venom; this nonspecific decrease was further supported by the opposite recombinant species-specific major allergen. In one subject with additional grass pollen allergy, a decrease of CD-sens to grass allergen was also demonstrated. Similarly, in 7 cases of patients with passively HDM-sensitized basophils, a significant reduction of CD-sens was also evident to de novo sensitized HDM allergen. Short-term VIT induced basophil desensitization to VIT-specific as well as to VIT-nonspecific venom. As opposed to long-term VIT, which induces venom-specific changes, the effect of short-term VIT seems to be venom-nonspecific.

A 13-year real-life study on efficacy, safety and biological effects of Vespula venom immunotherapy.

PubMed

Albanesi, Marcello; Nico, Andrea; Sinisi, Alessandro; Giliberti, Lucia; Rossi, Maria Pia; Rossini, Margherita; Kourtis, Georgios; Rucco, Anna Simona; Loconte, Filomena; Muolo, Loredana; Zurlo, Marco; Di Bona, Danilo; Caiaffa, Maria Filomena; Macchia, Luigi

2018-01-01

Hymenoptera venom immunotherapy (VIT) is a clinically effective treatment. However, little is known about its long-term clinical efficacy and biological effects. Several mechanisms have been proposed to account for VIT efficacy, including reduction of specific IgE and induction of allergen-specific IgG 4 , but the overall picture remains elusive. We investigated Vespula VIT clinical efficacy up to 8 years after discontinuation and the kinetics of Vespula -specific IgE and IgG 4 . Out of 686 consecutive patients we retrospectively selected and analysed a series of 23 patients with Vespula allergy that underwent a 5-year IT course, followed by a prolonged follow-up. Clinical efficacy of VIT was assessed as number and severity of reactions to Vespula re-stinging events. The presence of Vespula -specific IgE and IgG 4 was also monitored over time. During the VIT treatment, patients were protected, reporting no reactions or mild reactions in occasion of re-stinging events. This protection was entirely maintained during the follow-up, up to 8 years. Skin reactivity (reflecting mast cell-bound Vespula -specific IgE) and circulating Vespula -specific IgE levels declined substantially during VIT. Notably, this reduction was maintained over time during the follow-up. Moreover, all the patients were analysed for IgG 4 . A robust induction of Vespula -specific IgG 4 was observed during the VIT course, with a substantial decline during the follow-up. We conclude that Vespula VIT is a clinically effective treatment, which induces long-term protection after discontinuation. The reduction of specific IgE, assessed by skin tests and RAST, closely matches the VIT- induced protection, while the IgG 4 induction seems not to be associated with VIT clinical efficacy in the long term.

Down-Regulation of FcεRI-Mediated CD63 Basophil Response during Short-Term VIT Determined Venom-Nonspecific Desensitization

PubMed Central

Čelesnik Smodiš, Nina; Šilar, Mira; Eržen, Renato; Rijavec, Matija; Košnik, Mitja; Korošec, Peter

2014-01-01

Background We recently showed a desensitization of FcεRI-mediated basophil response after short-term VIT. Our aim was to evaluate the allergen specificity of this desensitization. Methods In 11 Hymenoptera-venom double positive subjects, basophil threshold sensitivity (CD-sens) to anti-FcεRI, honeybee, and Vespula venom was assessed at the beginning and just before the first maintenance dose (MD) of single ultra-rush VIT. In some patients we also monitored CD-sens to rApi m 1 and/or rVes v 5 or other co-sensitizations (i.e., grass pollen). In additional 7 patients, basophils were stripped and sensitized with house dust mite (HDM) IgEs at the same time points. Results We demonstrated a marked reduction of CD-sens to anti-FcεRI and VIT-specific venom before the first MD in all 18 subjects included. Furthermore, in 10 out of 11 double positive subjects, a significant and comparable decrease before the first MD was also evident for non-VIT venom; this nonspecific decrease was further supported by the opposite recombinant species-specific major allergen. In one subject with additional grass pollen allergy, a decrease of CD-sens to grass allergen was also demonstrated. Similarly, in 7 cases of patients with passively HDM-sensitized basophils, a significant reduction of CD-sens was also evident to de novo sensitized HDM allergen. Conclusions Short-term VIT induced basophil desensitization to VIT-specific as well as to VIT-nonspecific venom. As opposed to long-term VIT, which induces venom-specific changes, the effect of short-term VIT seems to be venom-nonspecific. PMID:24733549

Heightened attention to supplementation is needed to improve the vitamin D status of breastfeeding mothers and infants when sunshine exposure is restricted

PubMed Central

Dawodu, Adekunle; Zalla, Lauren; Woo, Jessica G.; Herbers, Patricia M.; Davidson, Barbara S.; Heubi, James E.; Morrow, Ardythe L.

2012-01-01

Although exclusively breastfed infants are at increased risk of vitamin D (vit D) deficiency if vit D supplementation is lacking and sun exposure is limited, assessment of both risk factors in the first year of life is lacking. We evaluated contribution of vit D intake and sunlight exposure to vit D status in 120 healthy, breastfeeding mother-infant dyads, who were followed for 1 year. Vitamin D intake and skin sunlight exposure were evaluated using questionnaires. Serum 25(OH)D, PTH and ALP levels were determined postnatally in mothers at 4 weeks and in infants at 4, 26 and 52 weeks. Vitamin D supplementation was low (<20%) and sunlight exposure was common (93%) in study infants. At 4 weeks, 17% of mothers were vit D deficient (<50 nmol/L) and 49% were insufficient (50-<75 nmol/L), while 18% of infants were severely vit D deficient (<25 nmol/L) and 77% were deficient (<50 nmol/L). At 26 weeks, winter/spring birth season and shorter duration of months of exclusive breastfeeding were protective of vit D deficiency in infants. Vitamin D deficiency in infants decreased to 12% at 52 weeks with sunlight exposure. Serum PTH levels were significantly higher in severely vit D deficient than sufficient infants. Vitamin D deficiency was widespread in early postpartum breastfeeding mothers and infants and declined to 1 in 8 infants at 52 weeks due mostly to sunshine exposure. When sunlight exposure is limited or restricted intensified vit D supplementation of breastfeeding mothers and infants is needed to improve vit D status. PMID:22708508

Vitamin D treatment improves survival and infant lung structure after intra-amniotic endotoxin exposure in rats: potential role for the prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia

PubMed Central

Seedorf, Gregory; Gien, Jason; Abman, Steven H.

2013-01-01

Vitamin D (vit D) has anti-inflammatory properties and modulates lung growth, but whether vit D can prevent lung injury after exposure to antenatal inflammation is unknown. We hypothesized that early and sustained vit D treatment could improve survival and preserve lung growth in an experimental model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia induced by antenatal exposure to endotoxin (ETX). Fetal rats (E20) were exposed to ETX (10 μg), ETX + Vit D (1 ng/ml), or saline (control) via intra-amniotic (IA) injections and delivered 2 days later. Newborn pups exposed to IA ETX received daily intraperitoneal injections of vit D (1 ng/g) or saline for 14 days. Vit D treatment improved oxygen saturations (78 vs. 87%; P < 0.001) and postnatal survival (84% vs. 57%; P < 0.001) after exposure to IA ETX compared with IA ETX alone. Postnatal vit D treatment improved alveolar and vascular growth at 14 days by 45% and 25%, respectively (P < 0.05). Vit D increased fetal sheep pulmonary artery endothelial cell (PAEC) growth and tube formation by 64% and 44%, respectively (P < 0.001), and prevented ETX-induced reductions of PAEC growth and tube formation. Vit D directly increased fetal alveolar type II cell (ATIIC) growth by 26% (P < 0.001) and enhanced ATIIC growth in the presence of ETX-induced growth suppression by 73% (P < 0.001). We conclude that antenatal vit D therapy improved oxygenation and survival in newborn rat pups and enhanced late lung structure after exposure to IA ETX in vivo, which may partly be due to direct effects on vascular and alveolar growth. PMID:24414254

1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D Deficiency Is Associated With Preterm Birth in African American and Caucasian Women

PubMed Central

Menon, Ramkumar; Fortunato, Stephen J.; Brou, Lina; Lee, Jae-Eun; Al-Hendy, Ayman

2014-01-01

Vitamin (vit) D deficiency and preterm birth (PTB) are more prevalent among African American (AA) women compared to caucasian (Cau) women. Because vit D is important in regulating cell-mediated immune responses, vit D insufficiency or deficiency during pregnancy may enhance inflammation in pregnant women and increase the risk of PTB. In this study, circulatory levels of 25-hydroxy (OH) and 1,25-dihydroxy (OH)2 vit D were measured using chemiluminescence and radioimmunoassay techniques, respectively, in AA (n = 108) and Cau (n = 84) women who delivered at term and preterm. The results from this study suggest that the serum levels of the 25-(OH) vit D concentrations tend to decrease (P = .06) in the Cau women who delivered at preterm compared to those delivering at term. However, the 25-(OH) vit D levels in Cau and AA between term and preterm deliveries were not significantly different. The serum levels of 1,25-(OH)2 vit D were found to be significantly lower in AA women compared to Cau women (P < .02) at term, and in the Cau (P < .01) and AA (P < .04) women delivering at preterm compared to those delivering at term. One-way analysis of variance demonstrated that 1,25-(OH)2 vit D levels were significantly lower in participants delivering at preterm (<34 weeks and between 34 and 37 weeks) compared to those delivering at term (>37 weeks).These results suggest that low levels of serum 1,25-(OH)2 vit D are associated with PTB, and vit D can potentially be used as a novel diagnostic marker in the detection of PTB. PMID:23793474

Effect of additional vitamin E and zinc supplementation on immunological changes in peripartum Sahiwal cows.

PubMed

Chandra, G; Aggarwal, A; Kumar, M; Singh, A K; Sharma, V K; Upadhyay, R C

2014-12-01

This study was conducted to exploit ameliorative effect of additional vitamin E and/or zinc supplementation on immune response of peripartum Sahiwal cows. Thirty-two pregnant dry Sahiwal cows were blocked into four treatment groups (n = 8), namely control, zinc (Zn), vitamin E (Vit E) and zinc + vitamin E (Zn + Vit E). Feeding regimen was same in all the groups except that the Sahiwal cows in the zinc-, vitamin E- and zinc + vitamin E-fed groups were additionally supplemented with 60 mg Zn/kg DM, 1000 IU vitamin E and 60 mg/kg + 1000 IU Zn + vitamin E, respectively, from day 60 pre-partum to day 90 post-partum. Blood samples were collected on days -60, -45, -30, -15, -7, -3, 0, 3, 7, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 with respect to day of parturition and analysed for total immunoglobulin (TIG), immunoglobulin G (IgG), interleukin-2 (IL-2), vitamin E (Vit E) and zinc (Zn) status. Before calving, cows showed a decrease in plasma TIG, IgG, IL-2, Vit E and Zn levels. However, increased levels of plasma TIG, IgG, IL-2, Vit E and Zn were observed after calving. After calving, Sahiwal cows supplemented with Zn + Vit E had higher plasma TIG, IgG and IL-2 in comparison with cows of control and Zn + Vit E-fed groups. In the present study, plasma vitamin E level was higher in Vit E-fed and Zn + Vit E-fed cows; however, zinc level was higher in Zn- and Zn + Vit E-supplemented cows. In conclusion, a reduced immune response during peripartum period in Sahiwal cows was ameliorated by dietary vitamin E and zinc supplementation. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition © 2014 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.

Comparison of the preventive effect of vitamin C and E on hexavalent chromium induced pulmonary fibrosis in rat.

PubMed

Hemmati, A A; Nazari, Z; Ranjbari, N; Torfi, A

2008-08-01

Many studies have shown that hexavalent chromium (Cr(6+)) compounds cause variety of toxicity, such as carcinogenic effects and pulmonary fibrosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of vitamins C and E on hexavalent chromium-induced lung fibrosis in animal model. Rats weighing 180-210 g were used during the study. The negative control group received a single dose of 0.2 ml intratracheal normal saline. Other groups were given single intratracheal instillation of 50 mg/kg sodium dichromate in saline vehicle and then treated with either vitamin C or E orally. Vit C group treated with 75 mg/kg/day vit C. Vit E group treated with 20 mg/kg/day vit E. Vit C+E group treated with 75 mg/kg/day vit C + 20 mg/kg/day vit E. Three weeks after such treatments animals were killed, lungs were removed for histology and biochemical investigation. Collagen and hydroxyproline content of lung tissue were determined using spectrophotometric methods. Hexavalent chromium caused marked alveolar thickening associated with fibroblasts and myofibroblasts proliferation and collagen production in interstitial tissue leading to pulmonary fibrosis. Administration of vitamins C and E reduced the fibrotic damage in lung tissue. The combination of vit E and C had more pronounced effect. From this study it can be concluded that co-administration of vit C & E may significantly diminish the toxic effects of hexavalent chromium on lung.

Influence of hesperidin and vitamin C on glycemic parameters, lipid profile, and DNA damage in rats treated with sucrose overload.

PubMed

Franke, Silvia I R; Molz, Patrícia; Mai, Camila; Ellwanger, Joel H; Zenkner, Fernanda F; Horta, Jorge A; Prá, Daniel

2018-04-16

We evaluated the influence of hesperidin and vitamin C (VitC) on glycemic parameters, lipid profile, and DNA damage in male Wistar rats treated with sucrose overload. Rats were divided into six experimental groups: I-water control; II-sucrose control; III-hesperidin control; IV-VitC control; V-co-treatment of sucrose plus hesperidin; VI-co-treatment of sucrose plus VitC. We measured the levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL-c, LDL-c, fasting glucose, and glycated hemoglobin (A1C). DNA damage was evaluated in blood and brain cells using the comet assay and the micronucleus test was used to evaluate chromosomal damages in the rat bone marrow. Co-treatment with VitC, but not with hesperidin, normalized the serum glucose. No effect of co-treatments was observed on A1C. The co-treatment with VitC or hesperidin did not influence the lipid profile (p>0.05). Rats co-treated with hesperidin had a significantly lower DNA damage level in blood (p<0.05) and brain (p<0.05). Rats treated with VitC only, but not those co-treated with VitC plus sucrose, had significantly higher DNA damage in brain (p<0.05). No significant differences were observed in the results of micronucleus test (p>0.05). Hesperidin and VitC showed different effects on sucrose and DNA damage levels. While VitC lowered the serum glucose, hesperidin reduced the DNA damage.

Vitamin C prevents memory impairment induced by waterpipe smoke: role of oxidative stress.

PubMed

Alqudah, Mohammad A Y; Alzoubi, Karem H; Ma'abrih, Ghida'a M; Khabour, Omar F

2018-05-22

Waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) was previously shown to be associated with memory deficits, which were related to oxidative stress. Vitamin C (VitC) has established antioxidant properties against memory deficits associated with several diseases and conditions. In this study, the potential protective effect of VitC on memory impairment induced by WTS exposure was evaluated in a rat model. VitC was administered to animals via oral gavage (100 mg/kg/day, 6 days a week for 4 weeks). At the same period, animals were exposed to WTS for one hour/day, 6 days a week for 4 weeks. Using radial arm water maze (RAWM), behavioral tests were conducted to evaluate the spatial learning and memory. In addition, hippocampal levels of oxidative stress biomarkers were analyzed. WTS exposure impaired both short- and long-term memory (p < .05). On the other hand, VitC protected memory impairment induced by WTS (p < .05). Moreover, VitC prevented the reduction in hippocampus ratio of GSH/GSSG (p < .05) induced by WTS. Furthermore, WTS reduced hippocampus activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase, which were also normalized by VitC treatment. However, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) levels were not changed by WTS and/or by VitC (p > .05). In conclusion, WTS resulted in inducing memory impairment, which was prevented by VitC administration. This could be related to preserving hippocampus antioxidant mechanisms by VitC during WTS exposure.

Safety profile of hymenoptera venom immunotherapy (VIT) in monosensitized patients: lack of new sensitization to nontreated insect venom.

PubMed

Spoerl, D; Bircher, A J; Scherer, K

2011-01-01

Venom immunotherapy (VIT) has proven to be efficacious in reducing the severity of anaphylactic reactions following field stings in patients with Hymenoptera venom allergy. Due to sequence homologies in the allergens used in Hymenoptera vaccines, there is concern that immunotherapy could lead to sensitization to allergens to which patients were not previously sensitized. The relevance of such an undesired phenomenon is unclear. To investigate the incidence of sensitization to Hymenoptera venoms other than those to which the patients were already sensitized and to assess the overall safety profile of VIT in order to compare the risk-benefit ratio in a subpopulation of monosensitized individuals. We performed a retrospective analysis of specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) levels in patients with no prior detectable sIgE to Hymenoptera venom other than the one for which they received VIT. We assessed the safety profile of VIT using serological and clinical parameters. Of the 56 monosensitized patients who had VIT, 3 (5%) developed sIgE to the other insect with no history of field sting to explain it. This rate was similar to the rate of new sensitization due to field stings during VIT. VIT was well-tolerated and levels of serological markers improved. No patient had a systemic anaphylactic reaction after having been stung by an insect other than the one he/she was desensitized for during follow-up. VIT seems to be safe with respect to clinically significant new sensitizations.

Synthesis, characterization, thermal and antimicrobial studies of diabetic drug models: Complexes of vanadyl(II) sulfate with ascorbic acid (vitamin C), riboflavin (vitamin B2) and nicotinamide (vitamin B3)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Refat, Moamen S.

2010-04-01

The oxovanadium(II) complexes of the different vitamins like ascorbic acid (vitamin C; Vit. C), riboflavin (vitamin B2; Vit. B2) and nicotinamide (vitamin B3; Vit. B3) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, IR, electronic, magnetic measurements, thermal studies, XRD and SEM. Conductance measurements indicated that the vanadyl(II) complexes of Vit. B2 and Vit. B3 are 1:2 electrolytes except for [VO(Vit. C) 2(H 2O) 2] complex is non-electrolyte. IR data show that Vit. B2 is bidentate ligand against azomethine nitrogen of pyrazine ring and C dbnd O of pyrimidine-2,4-dione but Vit. B3 and Vit. C acts as a monodentate ligand through pyridine nitrogen and hydroxo oxygen of furan ring, respectively. Electronic spectral measurements indicated that all VO(II) complexes have a square-pyramidal geometry. Magnetic measurements for the new vanadyl(II) complexes are in a good agreement with the proposed formula. Thermal analyses (TG/DSC) of the studied complexes show that the decomposition process takes place in more than two steps. XRD refer that VO(II) complexes have an amorphous behavior. The surface morphology of the complexes was studied by SEM. The antimicrobial activities of the ligands and its complexes indicate that the vanadyl(II) complexes possess high antibacterial and antifungal activities towards the bacterial species and the fungal species than start ligands.

Effect of vitamin B1 and mixtures of B1 with other vitamins on cytostatic efficiency of sanazole under irradiation. A study in vitro

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Heinrich, Edith; Getoff, Nikola

2003-06-01

Experiments in vitro, using bacteria Escherichia coli (AB 1157) as a biological model, showed that the cytostatic efficiency of sanazole (AK-2123, a nitrotriazole-type radiosensitizer) in radiation treatment can be strongly influenced by the presence of various vitamins. In airfree media the sanazole action is increased by a factor of 2.5 in the presence of vitamin (vit.) B1, vit. C E-acetate and β-carotene, whereas vit. B1 used individually possesses a 2.7-times higher cytostatic activity than sanazole itself. In media containing air the highest increase of sanazole action is observed in the presence of vit. B1 and C, whereas the individual use of vit. B1 shows a radiation protection effect. In media saturated with N 2O the addition of the vit. B1 and C causes a 1.8-times larger sanazole activity, but the application of vit. B1 alone brings about a very high radiation protection. From studies of vit. B1-radiolysis it can be concluded that OH radicals are the major primary transients leading to substrate degradation. The results are of interest for the radiation therapy of cancer.

Changes in hepatic gene expression and serum metabolites after oral administration of overdosed vitamin-E-loaded nanoemulsion in rats.

PubMed

Park, Chae Young; Jang, Chul Ho; Lee, Do Yup; Cho, Hyung Taek; Kim, Young Jun; Park, Yoo Heon; Imm, Jee-Young

2017-11-01

Vitamin-E-loaded nanoemulsion (Vit E-NE) was produced, and the effects of repeated oral administration of Vit E-NE (2 g/kg/day) for five days on hepatic gene expression and serum metabolites were investigated in rats. The mean particle diameter and zeta potential of Vit E-NE was 112 nm and 56 mV, respectively. Vit E-NE administered rats showed significantly higher triglyceride content than of standard diet (control) or Vit E control emulsion (Vit E-CE) group but no toxicity symptoms were found in blood biochemical analysis. Next generation sequencing analysis of rat liver revealed that several genes related to energy and xenobiotic metabolism (CYP1A1 and glutathione S-transferase) were significantly altered. Serum metabolites (B-hydroxybutyrate and palmitoleic acid) indicating ketone body production and activation of stearoyl-CoAdesaturase were significantly increased by administration of Vit E-NE. The results of this study suggest that excessive consumption of edible nano-sized food ingredients can possibly cause adverse effects. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Lethal Dysregulation of Energy Metabolism During Embryonic Vitamin E Deficiency

PubMed Central

McDougall, Melissa; Choi, Jaewoo; Kim, Hye-Kyeong; Bobe, Gerd; Stevens, J. Frederik; Cadenas, Enrique; Tanguay, Robert; Traber, Maret G.

2017-01-01

Vitamin E (α-tocopherol, VitE) was discovered in 1922 for its role in preventing embryonic mortality. We investigated the underlying mechanisms causing lethality using targeted metabolomics analyses of zebrafish VitE-deficient embryos over five days of development, which coincided with their increased morbidity and mortality. VitE deficiency resulted in peroxidation of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), depleting DHA-containing phospholipids, especially phosphatidylcholine, which also caused choline depletion. This increased lipid peroxidation also increased NADPH oxidation, which depleted glucose by shunting it to the pentose phosphate pathway. VitE deficiency was associated with mitochondrial dysfunction with concomitant impairment of energy homeostasis. The observed morbidity and mortality outcomes could be attenuated, but not fully reversed, by glucose injection into VitE-deficient embryos at developmental day one. Thus, embryonic VitE deficiency in vertebrates leads to a metabolic reprogramming that adversely affects methyl donor status and cellular energy homeostasis with lethal outcomes. PMID:28095320

Investigation of singlet oxygen generation in Vit C-Cu2+ -LDL system by chemiluminescence method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Juan; Xing, Da; Tan, Shici; Tang, Yonghong; He, Yonghong

2002-04-01

In this study, by chemiluminescence method using a Cypridina luciferin analog, 2-methyl-6-(p-methoxyphenyl)-3,7- dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3-one (MCLA), as a selective and sensitive chemiluminescence probe, singlet oxygen (1O2) formation was observed in the vit C- LDL-Cu2+ reaction system. Another experimental evidence for the generation of 1O2 was the quenching effect of sodium azide (NaN3) on vit C-induced chemiluminescence in the reaction mixture of LDL- Cu2+-MCLA. Analysis based on the experimental results indicated the plausible reaction mechanism is that vit C converts Cu2+ to its reduced state and vit C becomes vit C radical itself, thereby stimulating the formation of peroxyl radicals, and bimolecular reaction of peroxyl radicals results in 1O2 production in the above systems.

Dietary deficiency of vitamin E aggravates retinal ganglion cell death in experimental glaucoma of rats.

PubMed

Ko, Mei-Lan; Peng, Pai-Huei; Hsu, Shens-Yao; Chen, Chau-Fong

2010-09-01

Investigate the effect of dietary vitamin E (Vit E) on the retinas of a rat model of induced glaucoma, in which surgically induced elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) is associated with an increase in reactive oxygen species. Rats were fed a standard chow, Vit E-supplemented diet, or Vit E-deficient diet and subjected to surgically induced IOP elevation (or sham surgery) for five weeks. The retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) were subjected to retrograde fluorescent tracer labeling. The mean number of RGCs of rats on the standard chow, Vit E-supplemented diet, and Vit E-deficient diet were 79.6%, 78.6%, and 71.3% of controls, respectively. Lipid peroxidation of the retinas of rats given a Vit E-deficient diet were significantly higher after IOP elevation for three days (14.42 +/- 0.25 microM, P = 0.016) and five weeks (10.46 +/- 0.11 microM, p = 0.042), compared to rats given standard chow (11.37 +/- 0.31 microM; 8.95 +/- 0.16 microM). Compared with rats given standard chow, rats given a Vit E-deficient diet had significantly elevated concentrations of glutathione (p = 0.032), but no significant differences in the levels of total superoxide dismutase (SOD), Cu/Zn SOD, or catalase activities three days after IOP elevation. Rats fed a Vit E-deficient diet with surgically induced IOP elevation experience significantly more RGC death than rats fed a normal diet. This phenomenon may be related to the increased level of lipid peroxidation in Vit E-deficient rats.

Long-term follow-up of re-sting reactions in children with moderate to severe venom hypersensitivity.

PubMed

Ertoy Karagol, Hacer Ilbilge; Bakirtas, Arzu; Yilmaz, Ozlem; Topal, Erdem; Arga, Mustafa; Demirsoy, Mehmet Sadik; Turktas, Ipek

2015-07-01

Few data exists about re-sting reactions and their prognosis in children with moderate to severe venom hypersensitivity. The reasons behind not consenting to or prematurely ending venom immunotherapy (VIT) and the preparedness of children who refused or quit VIT for future moderate-severe systemic reaction (SR) to re-stings have not been studied. Data on children with moderate to severe SR after Hymenoptera stings was collected for a 17-year period using our database. A standardized questionnaire was administered to patients who accepted to be interviewed at the clinic. These patients were evaluated in terms of their preparedness for future moderate-severe SR to re-stings. A total of 55 children, 75 % of whom commenced on VIT, were included in the analysis. Different reasons exist for not consenting to VIT; the most common of which is living at a distance from the allergy center. There were no differences in terms of the number of re-stung patients (27.7 and 27.2 %, respectively) and moderate-severe SR (60 and 16.6 %, respectively) between children who prematurely ended or who did not consent to VIT and children who completed VIT. Sixty-four percent of the children who refused or discontinued VIT were not prepared for future moderate-severe SR to re-stings. Long-term prognosis for re-sting reactions is good in children with moderate to severe SR to venoms. Some of the reasons behind refusing or discontinuing VIT may be related to quality of life issues. Preparedness of children who refused or discontinue VIT in emergencies is very low.

Wheat Vacuolar Iron Transporter TaVIT2 Transports Fe and Mn and Is Effective for Biofortification.

PubMed

Connorton, James M; Jones, Eleanor R; Rodríguez-Ramiro, Ildefonso; Fairweather-Tait, Susan; Uauy, Cristobal; Balk, Janneke

2017-08-01

Increasing the intrinsic nutritional quality of crops, known as biofortification, is viewed as a sustainable approach to alleviate micronutrient deficiencies. In particular, iron deficiency anemia is a major global health issue, but the iron content of staple crops such as wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) is difficult to change because of genetic complexity and homeostasis mechanisms. To identify target genes for the biofortification of wheat, we functionally characterized homologs of the VACUOLAR IRON TRANSPORTER ( VIT ). The wheat genome contains two VIT paralogs, TaVIT1 and TaVIT2 , which have different expression patterns but are both low in the endosperm. TaVIT2, but not TaVIT1, was able to rescue the growth of a yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae ) mutant defective in vacuolar iron transport. TaVIT2 also complemented a manganese transporter mutant but not a vacuolar zinc transporter mutant. By overexpressing TaVIT2 under the control of an endosperm-specific promoter, we achieved a greater than 2-fold increase in iron in white flour fractions, exceeding minimum legal fortification levels in countries such as the United Kingdom. The antinutrient phytate was not increased and the iron in the white flour fraction was bioavailable in vitro, suggesting that food products made from the biofortified flour could contribute to improved iron nutrition. The single-gene approach impacted minimally on plant growth and also was effective in barley ( Hordeum vulgare ). Our results show that by enhancing vacuolar iron transport in the endosperm, this essential micronutrient accumulated in this tissue, bypassing existing homeostatic mechanisms. © 2017 American Society of Plant Biologists. All Rights Reserved.

Wheat Vacuolar Iron Transporter TaVIT2 Transports Fe and Mn and Is Effective for Biofortification1[OPEN

PubMed Central

Jones, Eleanor R.; Rodríguez-Ramiro, Ildefonso

2017-01-01

Increasing the intrinsic nutritional quality of crops, known as biofortification, is viewed as a sustainable approach to alleviate micronutrient deficiencies. In particular, iron deficiency anemia is a major global health issue, but the iron content of staple crops such as wheat (Triticum aestivum) is difficult to change because of genetic complexity and homeostasis mechanisms. To identify target genes for the biofortification of wheat, we functionally characterized homologs of the VACUOLAR IRON TRANSPORTER (VIT). The wheat genome contains two VIT paralogs, TaVIT1 and TaVIT2, which have different expression patterns but are both low in the endosperm. TaVIT2, but not TaVIT1, was able to rescue the growth of a yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) mutant defective in vacuolar iron transport. TaVIT2 also complemented a manganese transporter mutant but not a vacuolar zinc transporter mutant. By overexpressing TaVIT2 under the control of an endosperm-specific promoter, we achieved a greater than 2-fold increase in iron in white flour fractions, exceeding minimum legal fortification levels in countries such as the United Kingdom. The antinutrient phytate was not increased and the iron in the white flour fraction was bioavailable in vitro, suggesting that food products made from the biofortified flour could contribute to improved iron nutrition. The single-gene approach impacted minimally on plant growth and also was effective in barley (Hordeum vulgare). Our results show that by enhancing vacuolar iron transport in the endosperm, this essential micronutrient accumulated in this tissue, bypassing existing homeostatic mechanisms. PMID:28684433

Transcriptome Profile Reveals that Pu-Erh Tea Represses the Expression of Vitellogenin Family to Reduce Fat Accumulation in Caenorhabditis elegans.

PubMed

Xiao, Ru-Yue; Hao, Junjun; Ding, Yi-Hong; Che, Yan-Yun; Zou, Xiao-Ju; Liang, Bin

2016-10-17

Due to misbalanced energy surplus and expenditure, obesity has become a common chronic disorder that is highly associated with many metabolic diseases. Pu-erh tea, a traditional Chinese beverage, has been believed to have numerous health benefits, such as anti-obesity. However, the underlying mechanisms of its anti-obesity effect are yet to be understood. Here, we take the advantages of transcriptional profile by RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) to view the global gene expression of Pu-erh tea. The model organism Caenorhabditis elegans was treated with different concentrations of Pu-erh tea water extract (PTE, 0 g/mL, 0.025 g/mL, and 0.05 g/mL). Compared with the control, PTE indeed decreases lipid droplets size and fat accumulation. The high-throughput RNA-Sequence technique detected 18073 and 18105 genes expressed in 0.025 g/mL and 0.05 g/mL PTE treated groups, respectively. Interestingly, the expression of the vitellogenin family ( vit-1 , vit-2 , vit-3, vit-4 and vit-5 ) was significantly decreased by PTE, which was validated by qPCR analysis. Furthermore, vit-1(ok2616) , vit-3(ok2348) and vit-5(ok3239) mutants are insensitive to PTE triggered fat reduction. In conclusion, our transcriptional profile by RNA-Sequence suggests that Pu-erh tea lowers the fat accumulation primarily through repression of the expression of vit (vitellogenin) family, in addition to our previously reported (sterol regulatory element binding protein) SREBP-SCD (stearoyl-CoA desaturase) axis.

Benefits from the correction of vitamin D deficiency in patients with pulmonary hypertension.

PubMed

Mirdamadi, Ahmad; Moshkdar, Pouya

2016-01-01

Vitamin D (Vit D) is linked to various conditions including musculoskeletal, metabolic and cardiopulmonary diseases. However, it is not clear whether correction of vit D deficiency exerts any beneficial effect in patients with pulmonary hypertension. This study was a prospective uncontrolled longitudinal study. Patients with pulmonary hypertension and vit D deficiency were enrolled into this study. All patients in addition to standard treatment for pulmonary hypertension received cholecalciferol at a dose of 50,000 IU weekly plus calcicare (at a dose of 200 mg magnesium + 8 mg zinc + 400 IU vit D) daily for 3 months. Serum level of 25-hydroxy vit D, serum level of pro-brain natriuretic peptide, six minute walk test (6MWT), peak and mean pulmonary artery pressure, right ventricular size and function, ejection fraction (EF) and New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class were measured at baseline and after 3 months of treatment. Twenty-two patients with pulmonary hypertension and vit D deficiency were enrolled into the study. At endpoint, the serum vit D level increased significantly to 54.8 ng/ml, the mean of baseline distance of 6MWT increased significantly to 81.6 m and the RV size significantly improved. The mean pulmonary artery pressure also improved after the intervention, but their changes did not reach to statistically significant levels. Vit D replacement therapy in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and vit D deficiency results in significant improvement of right ventricular size and 6 MWT. Moreover, mean pulmonary artery pressure improves nonsignificantly. This issue requires further studies with long-term follow-up period.

[Effects of dietary fibers on hepatocyte apoptosis in rats with alimentary polyhypovitaminosis].

PubMed

Trushina, É N; Mustafina, O K; Beketova, N A; Vrzhesinskaia, O A; Kodentsova, V M

2014-01-01

The effect of dietary fibers (DF) of wheat bran on hepatocyte apoptosis in rats adequately provided with vitamins or insufficiently supplied with vitamins has been investigated. 48 male Wistar rats (initial body mass--58.1 +/- 0.5 g) were randomly divided into 6 groups and fed with semi-synthetic diet, containing 100% or 20% of vitamin mixture (Vit) with or without addition of DF in the dose corresponding to the upper allowable level of its consumption (5% of diet mass) for 4 weeks. The animals of the 1 group received 100% of vitamin mixture (100% Vit); 2 group--100% Vit + DF; 3 group--20% of vitamin mixture with full exclusion of vitamins E, B1 and B2 (20% Vit); 4 group--20% of vitamin mixture and DF (20% Vit + DF). The next 5 days rats from vitamin-deficient groups were fed with diets supplemented with 80% of vitamins from their content in control group: (5 group--20% Vit + 80% Vit; 6 group--20% Vit + DF + 80% Vit). The suspension of hepatocytes was received by Becton Dickinson Medimachine System (USA). Hepatocyte apoptosis was assessed by the method of flow cytometry using Beckman Coulter FC 500 (USA) cytometer by stained cells with Annexin V-FITC/ 7-Amino-Actinomycin D Kit (Beckman Coulter, USA). In rats fed complete semi-synthetic diet supplemented with DF (100% Vit + DF) the hepatocyte apoptosis was higher by 22% (p < 0.10) than that in rats of control group (4.99 +/- 1.82%). In rats fed diets with low vitamin content (groups: 20% Vit and 20% Vit + DF) the hepatocyte apoptosis was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that in the control group and reached 7.03 +/- 1.74 and 7.26 +/- 1.13% accordingly. Normalization of vitamin content in the diets of rats from deficient groups during 5 days had no effect on the severity of apoptosis regardless from presence (8.02 +/- 2.18%) or absence of the DF (8.04 +/- 1.66%). Adding DF in dose corresponding to the upper allowable level of consumption, on the background of adequate vitamin content in the diet is accompanied by a tendency to develop hepatocyte apoptosis, which may be the result of a direct action of short chain fatty acids generated from the DF and the deterioration of vitamin sufficiency.

Prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency among adolescents and its correlation with bone parameters using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography.

PubMed

Cheung, T F; Cheuk, K Y; Yu, F W P; Hung, V W Y; Ho, C S; Zhu, T Y; Ng, B K W; Lee, K M; Qin, L; Ho, S S Y; Wong, G W K; Cheng, J C Y; Lam, T P

2016-08-01

Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are highly prevalent among adolescents in Hong Kong, which is a sub-tropical city with ample sunshine. Vitamin D level is significantly correlated with key bone density and bone quality parameters. Further interventional studies are warranted to define the role of vitamin D supplementation for improvement of bone health among adolescents. The relationship between bone quality parameters and vitamin D (Vit-D) status remains undefined among adolescents. The aims of this study were to evaluate Vit-D status and its association with both bone density and bone quality parameters among adolescents. Three hundred thirty-three girls and 230 boys (12-16 years old) with normal health were recruited in summer and winter separately from local schools. Serum 25(OH) Vit-D level, bone density and quality parameters by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) and High-Resolution peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography (HR-pQCT), dietary calcium intake, and physical activity level were assessed. Sixty-four point seven percent and 11.4 % of subjects were insufficient [25 ≤ 25(OH)Vit-D ≤ 50 nmol/L] and deficient [25(OH)Vit-D < 25 nmol/L] in Vit-D, respectively. The mean level of serum 25(OH)Vit-D in summer was significantly higher than that in winter (44.7 ± 13.6 and 35.9 ± 12.6 nmol/L, respectively) without obvious gender difference. In girls, areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) of bilateral femoral necks, cortical area, cortical thickness, total volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), and trabecular thickness were significantly correlated with 25(OH)Vit-D levels. In boys, aBMD of bilateral femoral necks, BMC of the dominant femoral neck, cortical area, cortical thickness, total vBMD, trabecular vBMD, BV/TV, and trabecular separation were significantly correlated with 25(OH)Vit-D levels. Vit-D insufficiency was highly prevalent among adolescents in Hong Kong with significant correlation between Vit-D levels and key bone density and bone quality parameters being detected in this study. Given that this is a cross-sectional study and causality relationship cannot be inferred, further interventional studies investigating the role of Vit-D supplementation on improving bone health among adolescents are warranted.

Cryoprotectant-free vitrification of human spermatozoa in new artificial seminal fluid.

PubMed

Agha-Rahimi, A; Khalili, M A; Nottola, S A; Miglietta, S; Moradi, A

2016-11-01

Vitrification is a new method that has been recently introduced in Assisted Reproduction Technique programs. The aim of this study was to design a new medium similar to normal human seminal fluid (SF), formulation artificial seminal fluid (ASF), and to compare the cryoprotective potency of this medium with SF and human tubal fluid (HTF) medium. Thirty normal ejaculates were processed with the swim-up technique and sperm suspensions were divided into four aliquots: (i) fresh sample (control); (ii) vitrification in HTF medium supplemented with 5 mg/mL human serum albumin and 0.25 mol sucrose (Vit HTF); (iii) vitrification with patients' SF (Vit SF); and (iv) vitrification in ASF (Vit ASF). After warming, sperm parameters of motility, viability, and morphology were analyzed using WHO criteria. Also, sperm pellets were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde and processed for scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy observations. The results showed that progressive motility (46.09 ± 10.33 vs. 36.80 ± 13.75), grade A motility (36.59 ± 11.40 vs. 16.41 ± 11.24), and normal morphology (18.74 ± 8.35 vs. 11.85 ± 5.84) and viability (68.22 ± 10.83 vs. 60.86 ± 11.72) of spermatozoa were significantly higher in Vit ASF than in Vit HTF. All parameters were better in Vit ASF than in Vit SF, but only viability was significantly different (p = 0.006). After cryopreservation, deep invagination in cytoplasm and mechanically weak point sites and folded tail were commonly observed. But, this phenomenon was more significant in Vit HTF and Vit SF than in ASF (p < 0.05). In transmission electron microscopy evaluation, acrosome damage, plasma membrane loss, chromatin vacuolation, and disruption of mitochondria arrangement and structures were observed in all vitrified groups. Adherence of several tail sections together was also seen in all cryo groups. But this was seen more in Vit HTF and Vit SF than in ASF (p < 0.05). In conclusion, vitrification of human spermatozoa with ASF can effectively preserve the quality of sperm motility in comparison with Vit HTF. © 2016 American Society of Andrology and European Academy of Andrology.

Modeling near-road air quality using a computational fluid dynamics model, CFD-VIT-RIT.

PubMed

Wang, Y Jason; Zhang, K Max

2009-10-15

It is well recognized that dilution is an important mechanism governing the near-road air pollutant concentrations. In this paper, we aim to advance our understanding of turbulent mixing mechanisms on and near roadways using computation fluid dynamics. Turbulent mixing mechanisms can be classified into three categories according to their origins: vehicle-induced turbulence (VIT), road-induced turbulence (RIT), and atmospheric boundary layer turbulence. RIT includes the turbulence generated by road embankment, road surface thermal effects, and roadside structures. Both VIT and RIT are affected by the roadway designs. We incorporate the detailed treatment of VIT and RIT into the CFD (namely CFD-VIT-RIT) and apply the model in simulating the spatial gradients of carbon monoxide near two major highways with different traffic mix and roadway configurations. The modeling results are compared to the field measurements and those from CALINE4 and CFD without considering VIT and RIT. We demonstrate that the incorporation of VIT and RIT considerably improves the modeling predictions, especially on vertical gradients and seasonal variations of carbon monoxide. Our study implies that roadway design can significantly influence the near-road air pollution. Thus we recommend that mitigating near-road air pollution through roadway designs be considered in the air quality and transportation management In addition, thanks to the rigorous representation of turbulent mixing mechanisms, CFD-VIT-RIT can become valuable tools in the roadway designs process.

Vitamin C promotes wound healing through novel pleiotropic mechanisms.

PubMed

Mohammed, Bassem M; Fisher, Bernard J; Kraskauskas, Donatas; Ward, Susan; Wayne, Jennifer S; Brophy, Donald F; Fowler, Alpha A; Yager, Dorne R; Natarajan, Ramesh

2016-08-01

Vitamin C (VitC) or ascorbic acid (AscA), a cofactor for collagen synthesis and a primary antioxidant, is rapidly consumed post-wounding. Parenteral VitC administration suppresses pro-inflammatory responses while promoting anti-inflammatory and pro-resolution effects in human/murine sepsis. We hypothesised that VitC could promote wound healing by altering the inflammatory, proliferative and remodelling phases of wound healing. Mice unable to synthesise VitC (Gulo(-/-) ) were used in this study. VitC was provided in the water (sufficient), withheld from another group (deficient) and supplemented by daily intra-peritoneal infusion (200 mg/kg, deficient + AscA) in a third group. Full thickness excisional wounds (6 mm) were created and tissue collected on days 7 and 14 for histology, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blotting. Human neonatal dermal fibroblasts (HnDFs) were used to assess effects of In conclusion, VitC favorably on proliferation. Histological analysis showed improved wound matrix deposition and organisation in sufficient and deficient +AscA mice. Wounds from VitC sufficient and deficient + AscA mice had reduced expression of pro-inflammatory mediators and higher expression of wound healing mediators. Supplementation of HnDF with AscA induced the expression of self-renewal genes and promoted fibroblast proliferation. VitC favourably impacts the spatiotemporal expression of transcripts associated with early resolution of inflammation and tissue remodelling. © 2015 Medicalhelplines.com Inc and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Evaluation of solute penetration across the polysulfone membrane with vitamin E coating.

PubMed

Yamashita, Akihiro C; Masaki, Hidenori; Kobayashi, Eisuke; Sukegawa, Takeshi

2015-10-01

Vitamin E (vit E) is coated on polysulfone (PS) dialysis membrane for antioxidative purpose. The membrane, however, has not yet been evaluated from the mass transfer point of view. We investigated this PS membrane with and without vit E coating in vitro ultrafiltration experiments to identify whether or not the coating influences the mass transfer. Dialyzers that included PS membrane with and without vit E coating were investigated. Aqueous test solution of various solutes including vitamin B12 (VB12 , MW1355), chymotrypsin (chymo, MW25000), and albumin (alb, MW66000) was prepared, and normal ultrafiltration experiments were performed at 310 K. Reverse ultrafiltration experiments in which test solution was filtered from outside to inside the hollow fiber were also performed. Sieving coefficients (SC) were computed for evaluation. SC for VB12 was the same regardless of vit E coating; however, chymo was 0.82 ± 0.01 and 0.86 ± 0.01, respectively, for the membrane with and without vit E. Thus, it would be understood that vit E coating reduces the pore size of the membrane, resulting the reduced transport of larger solutes. Like other PS membrane, SC for alb was decreased over time regardless of vit E coating. More importantly, although the steady-state SC for alb was almost identical in two membranes, PS without vit E showed much greater decrease for the first 2 h, while that with vit E showed very little decrease over time, which suggested the reduced fouling effect due to vit E coating. All the SC values found in reverse ultrafiltration were higher than those found in normal ultrafiltration; moreover, the degree of increase with chymo was approximately 5%, whereas that with alb was approximately 430%, which may be explained by a new model in which wedge effect is taken into consideration for the membrane transport. Vit E coating not only has antioxidative effect but also reduces the fouling that is usually caused by various proteins. © 2015 International Society for Hemodialysis.

Vitamin B-12 concentration, memory performance, and hippocampal structure in patients with mild cognitive impairment.

PubMed

Köbe, Theresa; Witte, A Veronica; Schnelle, Ariane; Grittner, Ulrike; Tesky, Valentina A; Pantel, Johannes; Schuchardt, Jan Philipp; Hahn, Andreas; Bohlken, Jens; Rujescu, Dan; Flöel, Agnes

2016-04-01

Low-normal concentrations of vitamin B-12 (VitB12) may be associated with worse cognition. However, previous evidence has been mixed, and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We determined whether serum VitB12 concentrations within the normal range were linked to memory functions and related neuronal structures in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). In a cross-sectional design, we assessed 100 amnestic MCI patients (52 women; age range: 50-80 y) with low- and high-normal VitB12 concentration (median split: 304 pmol/L) for memory functions with the use of the Auditory Verbal Learning Test. MRI was performed at 3 tesla (n= 86) for the estimation of the volume and microstructure of the hippocampus and its subfields as indicated by the mean diffusivity on diffusion-weighted images. With the use of a mediation analysis, we examined whether the relation between VitB12 and memory performance was partially explained by volume or microstructure. MCI patients with low-normal VitB12 showed a significantly poorer learning ability (P= 0.014) and recognition performance (P= 0.008) than did patients with high-normal VitB12. Also, the microstructure integrity of the hippocampus was lower in patients with low-normal VitB12, mainly in the cornu ammonis 4 and dentate gyrus region (P= 0.029), which partially mediated the effect of VitB12 on memory performance (32-48%). Adjustments for age, sex, education, apolipoprotein E e4 status, and total homocysteine, folate, and creatinine did not attenuate the effects. Low VitB12 concentrations within the normal range are associated with poorer memory performance, which is an effect that is partially mediated by the reduced microstructural integrity of the hippocampus. Future interventional trials are needed to assess whether supplementation of VitB12 may improve cognition in MCI patients even in the absence of clinically manifested VitB12 deficiency. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01219244. © 2016 American Society for Nutrition.

L-Ascorbate Attenuates the Endotoxin-Induced Production of Inflammatory Mediators by Inhibiting MAPK Activation and NF-κB Translocation in Cortical Neurons/Glia Cocultures

PubMed Central

Huang, Ya-Ni; Lai, Chien-Cheng; Chiu, Chien-Tsai; Lin, Jhen-Jhe; Wang, Jia-Yi

2014-01-01

In response to acute insults to the central nervous system, such as pathogen invasion or neuronal injuries, glial cells become activated and secrete inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO), cytokines, and chemokines. This neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of chronic neurodegenerative diseases. Endogenous ascorbate levels are significantly decreased among patients with septic encephalopathy. Using the bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce neuroinflammation in primary neuron/glia cocultures, we investigated how L-ascorbate (vitamin C; Vit. C) affected neuroinflammation. LPS (100 ng/ml) induced the expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and the production of NO, interleukin (IL)-6, and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2/CXCL2) in a time-dependent manner; however, cotreatment with Vit. C (5 or 10 mM) attenuated the LPS-induced iNOS expression and production of NO, IL-6, and MIP-2 production. The morphological features revealed after immunocytochemical staining confirmed that Vit. C suppressed LPS-induced astrocytic and microglial activation. Because Vit. C can be transported into neurons and glia via the sodium-dependent Vit. C transporter-2, we examined how Vit. C affected LPS-activated intracellular signaling in neuron/glia cocultures. The results indicated the increased activation (caused by phosphorylation) of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), such as p38 at 30 min and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) at 180 min after LPS treatment. The inhibition of p38 and ERK MAPK suppressed the LPS-induced production of inflammatory mediators. Vit. C also inhibited the LPS-induced activation of p38 and ERK. Combined treatments of Vit. C and the inhibitors of p38 and ERK yielded no additional inhibition compared with using the inhibitors alone, suggesting that Vit. C functions through the same signaling pathway (i.e., MAPK) as these inhibitors. Vit. C also reduced LPS-induced IκB-α degradation and NF-κB translocation. Thus, Vit. C suppressed the LPS-stimulated production of inflammatory mediators in neuron/glia cocultures by inhibiting the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. PMID:24983461

American Academy of Asthma, Allergy & Immunology membership experience with venom immunotherapy in chronic medical conditions and pregnancy, and in young children.

PubMed

Calabria, Christopher W; Hauswirth, David W; Rank, Matthew; Sher, Lawrence; Larenas-Linnemann, Desiree

2017-03-01

Few data exist regarding the use of venom immunotherapy (VIT) in specific high-risk chronic medical conditions and pregnancy, and in young children. A Web-based survey was sent to American Academy of Asthma Allergy & Immunology members to explore their VIT experience in potential high-risk medical conditions and pregnancy, and in young children. Major problems were defined as "activation of underlying disease and/or VIT not well tolerated (systemic adverse events) and/or VIT discontinued for medical reasons." Results were expressed descriptively. A total of 697 of 5123 surveys (14%) were completed: 87% of the respondents were based in the United States, and 28% worked in an academic setting. Most respondents (71%) believed that pregnancy was a contraindication for starting VIT. Most were comfortable continuing VIT (51%) if the woman became pregnant after starting therapy. Of the allergists who treated children, many would give VIT down to age 5 years (42%) or younger, ages 1-4 years (35%). The following list is of the specific medical condition, the number of allergists who used VIT in patients with this condition, and the percentage who reported major problems: severe asthma, 212 (4.2%); hypertension, 287 (1.1%); coronary artery disease, 222 (3.6%); arrhythmias, 136 (3.4%); cerebrovascular disease, 104 (5.1%); cancer in remission, 166 (0%); cancer stable but still under treatment, 44 (7.2%); a history of bone marrow transplantation, 15 (4.9%); a history of solid organ transplantation, 29 (3.6%); human immunodeficiency virus, 53 (1.4%); acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, 24 (6.2%); stable autoimmune disease, 164 (2.8%); mastocytosis, 66 (18.4%); elevated serum tryptase, 101 (10.8%); immunodeficiency 59 (2.5%). Many allergists were comfortable using VIT in young children and continuing but not starting pregnant women on VIT. VIT was commonly used in patients with hypertension, coronary artery disease, arrhythmias, cancer in remission, and stable autoimmune disease. Major problems were most frequently reported in use with mastocytosis, elevated tryptase, and cancer still under treatment.

Role of vitamin D supplementation in improving disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis: An exploratory study.

PubMed

Chandrashekara, S; Patted, Anand

2017-07-01

The aim of this exploratory study is to estimate the relationship between vitamin D (vit D) deficiency and active rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and the role of supplementation in improving disease activity. A randomized recruitment, consent screening, open-label interventional study was conducted in patients who fulfilled American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism 2010 criteria for diagnosing RA and on stable disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) for 3 months. Serum vit D levels and Disease Activity Score of 28 joints/C-reactive protein (DAS28-CRP) disease activity status were estimated at the first visit. Subjects with low vit D levels and DAS28-CRP > 2.6 were supplemented with vit D for 12 weeks, and were assessed for improvement in disease activity and serum vit D levels. One hundred and fifty RA patients of mean age 49 ± 12.1 years, mean duration of illness 78 ± 63 months, and on treatment with DMARDs for 44 ± 39 months were recruited for the study. Of these, 73 (49%) subjects were found to have DAS28-CRP > 2.6 and serum vit D below 20 ng/mL. The patients received vit D supplement of 60 000 IU/week for 6 weeks, followed by 60 000 IU/month for a total duration of 3 months. Disease activity and vit D status were assessed for 59 (80.8%) patients who reported at the end of 12 weeks of treatment. Mean DAS28-CRP of these patients showed a statistically significant improvement from 3.68 ± 0.93 at baseline to 3.08 ± 1.11 after supplementation (P = 0.002). Serum vit D levels improved from 10.05 ± 5.18 to 57.21 ± 24.77 ng/mL (P < 0.001) during the period. Supplementation of vit D in RA patients with persisting disease activity and vit D deficiency contributed to significant improvement in disease activity within a short duration. © 2015 Asia Pacific League of Associations for Rheumatology and Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd.

[EFFECT OF VITAMIN C ON APOPTOSIS OF NUCLEUS PULPOSUS CELLS INDUCED BY TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR a AND SERUM DEPRIVATION].

PubMed

Dai, Libing; Liu, Zhihe; Liang, Weiguo; Yao, Yicun; Xu, Jiakel; Ye, Dongping; Zou, Longqiang; Shen, Yan

2015-04-01

To explore the effect of Vitamin C (Vit C) on the apoptosis of human nucleus pulposus (NP) cells induced by tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-alpha) and serum deprivation. The NP cells were isolated from patients undergoing spine corrective operation by collagenase trypsin. The experiment was divided into 3 groups: Vit C group (group A), TNF-alpha group (group B), and serum deprivation group (group C). Group A was reassigned to Al subgroup (basic medium), A2 subgroup (100 pg/mL Vit C), and A3 subgroup (200 pg/mL Vit C). Group B was reassigned to B0 subgroup (control group), Bi subgroup (100 ng/mL TNF-alpha), B2 subgroup (100 microg/mL Vit C+100 ng/mL TNF-alpha), and B3 subgroup (200 microg/mL Vit C+100 ng/mL TNF-alpha). Group C was reassigned to C0 subgroup (Control group), C1 subgroup (2% FBS), C2 subgroup (2% FBS+100 microg/mL Vit C), and C3 subgroup (2% FBS+200 microg/mL Vit C). After application of 100 pg/mL or 200 microg/mL Vit C for 24 hours, NP cells were stimulated by TNF-alpha and serum deprivation, then the apoptosis rate of NP cells was detected by a flow cytometry, and the gene expressions of the extracellular matrix of NP cells (collagen type I, collagen type II, aggrecan, and Sox9) and apoptosis related genes (p53, FAS, and Caspase 3) were detected by real-time fluoroscent quantitative PCR. Results Group A: Vit C could significantly reduce the apoptosis rate and gene expressions of p53, FAS, and Caspase 3 of NP cells in A2 and A3 subgroups when compared with Al subgroup (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between A2 subgroup and A3 subgroup (P>0.05); Vit C could promote the expressions of the extracellular matrix (collagen type I, collagen type II, aggrecan, and Sox9) of NP cells in a concentration dependent manner (P<0.05). Group B: TNF-alpha significantly increased the apoptosis rate and the gene expressions of p53, FAS, and Caspase 3 in B1 subgroup when compared with B0 subgroup (P<0.05); however, Vit C significantly increased the apoptosis rate and the gene expressions in B2 subgroup, and significantly decreased them in B3 subgroup when compared with B1 subgroup (P<0.05). Group C: 2% FBS significantly increased the apoptosis rate of NP cells and significantly reduced the gene expressions of p53, FAS, and Caspase 3 in C1 subgroup when compared with C0 subgroup (P<0.05); Vit C could significantly reduce the apoptosis rate and gene expressions of p53, FAS, and Caspase 3 in C3 subgroup, but it could significantly increase them in C2 subgroup when compared with C1 subgroup (P<0.05). Vit C can promote the synthesis and secretion of extracellular matrix of NP cells. 200 microg/mL Vit C may delay the apoptosis induced by TNF-alpha and serum deprivation, indicating the potential therapeutic effect of Vit C on intervertebral disc degeneration.

Effect of antioxidants on the dentin interface bond stability of adhesives exposed to hydrolytic degradation.

PubMed

Gotti, Valéria B; Feitosa, Victor P; Sauro, Salvatore; Correr-Sobrinho, Lourenço; Leal, Fernanda B; Stansbury, Jeffrey W; Correr, Américo B

2015-02-01

This study assessed the effect of antioxidants vitamin C (Vit. C), vitamin E (Vit. E) and quercetin (Querc) on the dentin bonding performance, degree of conversion, and rate of polymerization of three commercial adhesive systems (Adper Single Bond 2 [SB], Clearfil SE Bond [CSE], Adper Easy Bond [EB]). Human premolars were restored using antioxidant-doped adhesives. The samples were stored for 24 h in distilled water or 6 months under simulated pulpal pressure. Teeth were cut into sticks and the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) to dentin was tested in a universal testing machine. Qualitative nanoleakage analysis was performed from a central stick of each restored tooth. Degree of conversion and rate of polymerization of adhesive systems were evaluated in triplicate using real-time FT-IR. Although the inclusion of the antioxidants negatively affected the μTBS over 24 h, the antioxidant-doped adhesives maintained (SB-Vit. C, SB-Vit. E, CSE-Vit. C, EB-Querc) or increased (SB-Querc, CSE-Vit. E, CSE-Querc, EB-Vit. E, and EB-Vit. C) their μTBS during 6 months of storage. Only the μTBS of Adper Single Bond 2 dropped significantly after 6 months among the control groups. Slight changes in the nanoleakage pattern after aging were observed in all groups, except for the EB-control group, which showed a noteworthy increase in nanoleakage after 6 months, and for EB-Vit. C, which presented a remarkable decrease. A lower degree of conversion was obtained with all antioxidants in SB and EB, except for the EB-Vit. E group. Similar degrees of conversion were attained in control and experimental groups for CSE. The rate of polymerization was reduced in antioxidant-doped adhesives. The performance of antioxidants changed according to the adhesive system to which they were added, and antioxidant-doped adhesives appear to have a positive effect on the adhesive interface durability, since their bond strength obtained after 24 h was maintained or increased over time.

[Influence of venom immunotherapy on anxiety level of being re-stung].

PubMed

Sacha, Małgorzata; Czarnobilska, Ewa; Stobiecki, Marcin; Dyga, Wojciech

2012-01-01

Hymenoptera venom allergy is related to higher risk of potential life -threatening anaphylactic reactions, which leads to anxiety and decreased quality of life. The aim of this paper was: 1) estimation of fear level of being re-stung among venom allergy adults treated with venom specific immunotherapy (VIT)--before and during treatment; 2) estimation of expectation of outcome of VIT as compared to level of anxiety of being re-strug, in the Visual Analogue Scale--VAS score; 3) identification of factors influencing changes in the fear level among patients during VIT. The study group comprised 42 patients (18 women, 24 men) in the mean age 42.6 years, with bee or vespid allergy, who had been qualified to the VIT treatment with Alutard SQ. Visual Analogue Scale--VAS and the Expectation of Outcome Questionnaire were used. The demographic data were collected. The VAS score before VIT for insect venom allergic patients was 8.8 (SD = 0.9). It decreased after achieving maintenance dose to 3.1 (SD = 1.6) and was significantly lower in men (p < 0.05). Score achieved in the Expectation of Outcome Questionnaire was for each question 2.2 (SD = 1.5) and there was correlation with VAS score during VIT. The patients with insect venom allergy, who undergo a serious allergic reaction (SR) as a result of being stung and who are qualified to VIT, have a high level of anxiety of being re-stung. Achieving the maintenance dose of VIT, results in a significant decrease of anxiety level in women and men, significantly so in men. There is a significant correlation between VAS score and the Expectation of Outcome Questionnaire results during VIT. Both VAS for anxiety level and the Expectation of Outcome Questionnaire can be simple, easily available and useful instruments helping to estimate quality of life. VIT significantly decreases the patients level of anxiety of being restung and improves their quality of life.

Short term outcomes of GreenLight vapor incision technique (VIT) of the prostate: comparison of outcomes to standard GreenLight 120W HPS vaporization in prostate volumes greater than 80 cc.

PubMed

Ben-Zvi, Tal; Hueber, Pierre-Alain; Abdollah, Firas; Liberman, Daniel; Bhojani, Naeem; Gautam, Gagan; Zorn, Kevin C

2013-02-01

To evaluate a hybrid technique involving GreenLight 120W HPS vapor incision tissue removal in prostate glands > 80 cc. Vapor incision technique (VIT) was performed in 25 consecutive men with a prostate > 80 cc by a single surgeon from May 2010 until September 2010. VIT involved adenoma incisions at 5 and 7-o'clock positions followed by 3, 9 and 12 o'clock down to the surgical capsule. Side-fire vaporization along the capsule excised transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) like tissue strips for later retrieval. Functional evaluations were performed at 1 and 3 months. Outcomes and complications were compared retrospectively to baseline and a size matched- cohort of 25 men who previously underwent standard vaporization-only photoselective vaporization prostatectomy (PVP). The VIT and control subgroups were comparable. Mean laser time, operative time and energy usage were reduced in the VIT group compared to controls (35 min versus 48 min; 63 min versus 80 min; and 227 k versus 325 kJ respectively; all p < 0.05). At 3 months the VIT subgroup demonstrated improved Qmax and post void residual (PVR) (197% versus 173%, 88% versus 72%; all p < 0.05) compared to control. VIT showed a 68% reduction in mean preoperative PSA at 3 months compared to 50% for the control group (p<0.01). Hospital stay, catheterization time and complication rates were comparable. Our data demonstrates that VIT provides superior short term outcomes to standard HPS-PVP in men with prostate volumes > 80 cc. VIT appears to be more time-efficient, consumes less energy and obtains tissue for pathological evaluation. Further follow up is required to assess the durability of GreenLight HPS-VIT to PVP vaporization-only for large prostate glands.

α-Tocopherol succinate enhances pterostilbene anti-tumor activity in human breast cancer cells in vivo and in vitro.

PubMed

Tam, Ka-Wai; Ho, Chi-Tang; Tu, Shih-Hsin; Lee, Wen-Jui; Huang, Ching-Shui; Chen, Ching-Shyang; Wu, Chih-Hsiung; Lee, Chia-Hwa; Ho, Yuan-Soon

2018-01-12

Vitamin E (Vit. E) is considered an essential dietary nutrient for humans and animals. An enormous body of evidence indicates the biological and protective effects of Vit. E consumption. Tocopherol-associated protein (TAP) is a major tocopherol-binding protein affecting Vit. E stimulation and downstream signaling transduction. However, how Vit. E utilizes TAP as an anti-cancer mechanism remains unclear. Microarray analysis of signature gene profiles in breast cancer cells treated with α-tocopheryl succinate (α-TOS, a Vit. E isoform) resulted in cell cycle arrest and anti-cancer activity in breast cancer cells. Pterostilbene (PS), a natural dietary antioxidant found in blueberries, in combination with α-TOS synergistically maximized breast cancer cell growth inhibition by disrupting signal transduction, transcription factors and cell cycle proteins. In a xenograft mouse model, PS treatment with Vit. E inhibited breast tumor growth and cell invasion, which were evaluated using our recently developed circulating tumor cell (CTC) detection assay. Because dietary Vit. E and PS supplementation contributed to preventative and therapeutic effects in vitro and in vivo , this combination may benefit breast cancer therapy in the clinic.

α-Tocopherol succinate enhances pterostilbene anti-tumor activity in human breast cancer cells in vivo and in vitro

PubMed Central

Tam, Ka-Wai; Ho, Chi-Tang; Tu, Shih-Hsin; Lee, Wen-Jui; Huang, Ching-Shui; Chen, Ching-Shyang; Wu, Chih-Hsiung

2018-01-01

Vitamin E (Vit. E) is considered an essential dietary nutrient for humans and animals. An enormous body of evidence indicates the biological and protective effects of Vit. E consumption. Tocopherol-associated protein (TAP) is a major tocopherol-binding protein affecting Vit. E stimulation and downstream signaling transduction. However, how Vit. E utilizes TAP as an anti-cancer mechanism remains unclear. Microarray analysis of signature gene profiles in breast cancer cells treated with α-tocopheryl succinate (α-TOS, a Vit. E isoform) resulted in cell cycle arrest and anti-cancer activity in breast cancer cells. Pterostilbene (PS), a natural dietary antioxidant found in blueberries, in combination with α-TOS synergistically maximized breast cancer cell growth inhibition by disrupting signal transduction, transcription factors and cell cycle proteins. In a xenograft mouse model, PS treatment with Vit. E inhibited breast tumor growth and cell invasion, which were evaluated using our recently developed circulating tumor cell (CTC) detection assay. Because dietary Vit. E and PS supplementation contributed to preventative and therapeutic effects in vitro and in vivo, this combination may benefit breast cancer therapy in the clinic. PMID:29435127

Calcium vitamin D3 supplementation in clinical practice: side effect and satisfaction.

PubMed

Sanaei, Maryam; Banasiri, Mohammad; Shafiee, Gita; Rostami, Mahsa; Alizad, Saba; Ebrahimi, Mehdi; Larijani, Bagher; Heshmat, Ramin

2015-01-01

The objective of this study was to assess side effects and satisfaction about OsteoCalVitFort (500 mg calcium and 400 I.U. of vitamin D3) usage. A total 186 people were participated with range age from 18 to 65 years old. Each participant received 1 pack that contains 60 OsteoCalVitFort tablet and used two tablet OsteoCalVitFort daily (1 tablet after breakfast and 1 after dinner). By a phone call, side effects and satisfaction about OsteoCalVitFort were assessed. The rate of constipating (8.0 %) and bloating (12.5 %) were decreased significantly after OsteoCalVitFort supplement intake (1.2 %, and 0.6 %, respectively). Similar results were observed in metallic taste in mouth, tiredness, weakness, loss of appetite, bone/muscle pain and mental/mood change after Calcium Vitamin D3 supplementation intake. Totally, 94 % of patients were satisfied about OsteoCalVitFort usage. The results of the research indicate despite the high quality of OsteoCalVitFort supplement, there are no side effects which have been seen in other supplements.

A vacuolar iron transporter in tulip, TgVit1, is responsible for blue coloration in petal cells through iron accumulation.

PubMed

Momonoi, Kazumi; Yoshida, Kumi; Mano, Shoji; Takahashi, Hideyuki; Nakamori, Chihiro; Shoji, Kazuaki; Nitta, Akira; Nishimura, Mikio

2009-08-01

Blue color in flowers is due mainly to anthocyanins, and a considerable part of blue coloration can be attributed to metal-complexed anthocyanins. However, the mechanism of metal ion transport into vacuoles and subsequent flower color development has yet to be fully explored. Previously, we studied the mechanism of blue color development specifically at the bottom of the inner perianth in purple tulip petals of Tulipa gesneriana cv. Murasakizuisho. We found that differences in iron content were associated with the development of blue- and purple-colored cells. Here, we identify a vacuolar iron transporter in T. gesneriana (TgVit1), and characterize the localization and function of this transporter protein in tulip petals. The amino acid sequence of TgVit1 is 85% similar that of the Arabidopsis thaliana vacuolar iron transporter AtVIT1, and also showed similarity to the AtVIT1 homolog in yeast, Ca(2+)-sensitive cross-complementer 1 (CCC1). The gene TgVit1 was expressed exclusively in blue-colored epidermal cells, and protein levels increased with increasing mRNA expression and blue coloration. Transient expression experiments revealed that TgVit1 localizes to the vacuolar membrane, and is responsible for the development of the blue color in purple cells. Expression of TgVit1 in yeast rescued the growth defect of ccc1 mutant cells in the presence of high concentrations of FeSO(4). Our results indicate that TgVit1 plays an essential role in blue coloration as a vacuolar iron transporter in tulip petals. These results suggest a new role for involvement of a vacuolar iron transporter in blue flower color development.

Improvement of functional recovery of transected peripheral nerve by means of chitosan grafts filled with vitamin E, pyrroloquinoline quinone and their combination.

PubMed

Azizi, Asghar; Azizi, Saeed; Heshmatian, Behnam; Amini, Keyvan

2014-01-01

Effects of vitamin E and pyrroloquinoline quinone on peripheral nerve regeneration were studied using a rat sciatic nerve transection model. Ninety male healthy White Wistar rats were divided into three experimental groups (n = 15), randomly: Sham-operation (SHAM), transected control (TC), chitosan conduit (Chit) and three treatment groups (Vit E, PQQ and PQQ + Vit E). In SHAM group after anesthesia, left sciatic nerve was exposed through a gluteal muscle incision and after homeostasis muscle was sutured. In Chit group left sciatic nerve was exposed the same way and transected proximal to tibio-peroneal bifurcation leaving a 10-mm gap. Proximal and distal stumps were each inserted into a chitosan tube. In treatment groups the tube was implanted the same way and filled with Vit E, PQQ and PQQ + Vit E. Each group was subdivided into three subgroups of six animals each and were studied 4, 8, 12 weeks after surgery. Functional and electrophysiological studies, and gastrocnemius muscle mass measurement confirmed faster and better recovery of regenerated axons in Vit E + PQQ combination compared to Vit E or PQQ solely (P < 0.05). Morphometric indices of regenerated fibers showed number and diameter of the myelinated fibers in PQQ + Vit E was significantly higher than in other treatment groups. In immunohistochemistry, location of reactions to S-100 in PQQ + Vit E was clearly more positive than in other treatment groups. Response to PQQ + Vit E treatment demonstrates that it influences and improves functional recovery of peripheral nerve regeneration. Copyright © 2013 Surgical Associates Ltd. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Clinical effectiveness of hymenoptera venom immunotherapy: a prospective observational multicenter study of the European academy of allergology and clinical immunology interest group on insect venom hypersensitivity.

PubMed

Ruëff, Franziska; Przybilla, Bernhard; Biló, Maria Beatrice; Müller, Ulrich; Scheipl, Fabian; Seitz, Michael J; Aberer, Werner; Bodzenta-Lukaszyk, Anna; Bonifazi, Floriano; Campi, Paolo; Darsow, Ulf; Haeberli, Gabrielle; Hawranek, Thomas; Küchenhoff, Helmut; Lang, Roland; Quercia, Oliviero; Reider, Norbert; Schmid-Grendelmeier, Peter; Severino, Maurizio; Sturm, Gunter Johannes; Treudler, Regina; Wüthrich, Brunello

2013-01-01

Treatment failure during venom immunotherapy (VIT) may be associated with a variety of risk factors. Our aim was to evaluate the association of baseline serum tryptase concentration (BTC) and of other parameters with the frequency of VIT failure during the maintenance phase. In this observational prospective multicenter study, we followed 357 patients with established honey bee or vespid venom allergy after the maintenance dose of VIT had been reached. In all patients, VIT effectiveness was either verified by sting challenge (n = 154) or patient self-reporting of the outcome of a field sting (n = 203). Data were collected on BTC, age, gender, preventive use of anti-allergic drugs (oral antihistamines and/or corticosteroids) right after a field sting, venom dose, antihypertensive medication, type of venom, side effects during VIT, severity of index sting reaction preceding VIT, and duration of VIT. Relative rates were calculated with generalized additive models. 22 patients (6.2%) developed generalized symptoms during sting challenge or after a field sting. A strong association between the frequency of VIT failure and BTC could be excluded. Due to wide confidence bands, however, weaker effects (odds ratios <3) of BTC were still possible, and were also suggested by a selective analysis of patients who had a sting challenge. The most important factor associated with VIT failure was a honey bee venom allergy. Preventive use of anti-allergic drugs may be associated with a higher protection rate. It is unlikely that an elevated BTC has a strong negative effect on the rate of treatment failures. The magnitude of the latter, however, may depend on the method of effectiveness assessment. Failure rate is higher in patients suffering from bee venom allergy.

L-ascorbate attenuates methamphetamine neurotoxicity through enhancing the induction of endogenous heme oxygenase-1.

PubMed

Huang, Ya-Ni; Wang, Jiz-Yuh; Lee, Ching-Tien; Lin, Chih-Hung; Lai, Chien-Cheng; Wang, Jia-Yi

2012-12-01

Methamphetamine (METH) is a drug of abuse which causes neurotoxicity and increased risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases. We previously found that METH induces heme oxygenase (HO)-1 expression in neurons and glial cells, and this offers partial protection against METH toxicity. In this study, we investigated the effects of l-ascorbate (vitamin C, Vit. C) on METH toxicity and HO-1 expression in neuronal/glial cocultures. Cell viability and damage were evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthianol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, respectively. Neuronal and glial localization of HO-1 were identified by double immunofluorescence staining. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was measured using the fluorochrome 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate. HO-1 mRNA and protein expression were examined by RT-qPCR and Western blotting, respectively. Results show that Vit. C induced HO-1 mRNA and protein expressions in time- and concentration-dependent manners. Inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) but not extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) significantly blocked induction of HO-1 by Vit. C. HO-1 mRNA and protein expressions were significantly elevated by a combination of Vit. C and METH, compared to either Vit. C or METH alone. Pretreatment with Vit. C enhanced METH-induced HO-1 expression and attenuated METH-induced ROS production and neurotoxicity. Pharmacological inhibition of HO activity abolished suppressive effects of Vit. C on METH-induced ROS production and attenuated neurotoxicity. We conclude that induction of HO-1 expression contributes to the attenuation of METH-induced ROS production and neurotoxicity by Vit. C. We suggest that HO-1 induction by Vit. C may serve as a strategy to alleviate METH neurotoxicity. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

STUDIES ON CHEMICAL PROTECTION AGAINST X-RAY INJURIES. I. EFFECT OF VIT. B$sub 1$ AND THIAMINE PROPYL DISULPHIDE (ALINAMIN)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hashimoto, T.

F/sub 1/ (ddms x C/sub 57/Bl/6) mice were given x irradiation of 800 r (LD/sub 100/) and 680 r (LD/sub 50/) and the protective effect of vit. B/sub 1/ and alinamin on the irradiation injuries was observed in mice on a vit. B /sub 1/ -deficent diet and in those receiving a temporary overdosage of alinanmin. Mice of the /sub 1/ strain had the advantages of hereditary homogeneity, prolificity, small dispersion. good growth,and low mortality under various external stresses. A difference in x-ray sensitivity between the two sexes was noted. Mice of the same age must be used for themore » experiment. Their x-ray sensitiviaty was increased by vit. B/sub 1/ deficiency; this increase was even more marked when a vit. B/ sub 1/-deficient diet was fed after the irradiation. The protective effect of vit. B/sub/1 depended on the method of administration. In mice given a 2 mg of vit. B/sub 1/ after irradiation, the survival rate was l00%. The effectiveness seemed to be due to the supplementation of vit. B/sub 1/ destruction. co- carboxylase function, and the supplying of an SH radical in the oxidationreduction system, which is produced by intrahepatic activation of the S an vit. B/sub 1/. X-ray sensitivity was increased in mice receiving a transitory overdose of alinamin. It may be that transformed alinamin increased the indirect action of x-rays. as an oxidizing agent. (Abstr. Japan Med, 1; No. l2. l96l)« less

Doxorubicin-induced nitrosative stress is mitigated by vitamin C via the modulation of nitric oxide synthases.

PubMed

Akolkar, Gauri; Bagchi, Ashim K; Ayyappan, Prathapan; Jassal, Davinder S; Singal, Pawan K

2017-04-01

An increase in oxidative stress is suggested to be the main cause in Doxorubicin (Dox)-induced cardiotoxicity. However, there is now evidence that activation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nitrosative stress are also involved. The role of vitamin C (Vit C) in the regulation of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and reduction of nitrosative stress in Dox-induced cardiotoxicity is unknown. The present study investigated the effects of Vit C in the mitigation of Dox-induced changes in the levels of nitric oxide (NO), NOS activity, protein expression of NOS isoforms, and nitrosative stress as well as cytokines TNF-α and IL-10 in isolated cardiomyocytes. Cardiomyocytes isolated from adult Sprague-Dawley rats were segregated into four groups: 1 ) control, 2 ) Vit C (25 µM), 3 ) Dox (10 µM), and 4 ) Vit C + Dox. Dox caused a significant increase in the generation of superoxide radical (O 2 ·- ), peroxynitrite, and NO, and these effects of Dox were blunted by Vit C. Dox increased the expression of iNOS and altered protein expression as well as activation of endothelial NOS (eNOS). These changes were prevented by Vit C. Dox induced an increase in the ratio of monomeric/dimeric eNOS, promoting the production of O 2 ·- , which was prevented by Vit C by increasing the stability of the dimeric form of eNOS. Vit C protected against the Dox-induced increase in TNFα as well as a reduction in IL-10. These results suggest that Vit C provides cardioprotection by reducing oxidative/nitrosative stress and inflammation via a modulation of Dox-induced increase in the NO levels and NOS activity. Copyright © 2017 the American Physiological Society.

Phasing out of the Universal Mega Dose of Vitamin-A Prophylaxis to Avoid Toxicity.

PubMed

Bhattacharya, Sudip; Singh, Amarjeet

2017-01-01

Childhood blindness due to corneal ulceration was prevalent among poor Indian children. To tackle this situation, the National Institute of Nutrition (NIN), Hyderabad, India, Vitamin-A (Vit-A) prophylaxis programme was launched nationally in 1970 after field testing. Research of Indian Council for Medical Research (ICMR) documented that prevalence of Vit-A deficiency signs such as Bitot's spot decreased among children, over a period of time. However, this decrease cannot be ascertained is due to mass Vit-A prophylaxis programme. This is because coverage was low and patchy. Improved nutrition status, wider vaccination coverage, increased rate in breast feeding and improvement of healthcare services played a crucial role. Rather many studies revealed that (mass prophylaxis to the child who is having adequate Vit-A level) it may be harmful to certain group of children as a result of acute toxic symptoms. High dose of Vit-A is capable of loss of bone density-hence retarded growth may be observed in susceptible individuals. To tackle this issue food based approach should be promoted (which includes breast feeding) along with timely measles vaccination. The children who have signs of Vit-A deficiency (e.g. night blindness, xeropthalmia, Bitot's spot) or post measles children should receive Vit-A in age specific daily doses for two weeks along with Vit-A rich food, like green leafy vegetables, red palm oil, liver etc. Public spirited citizens, together with scientific community in India, should discourage this "one size fit to all" approach. It will not only avoid the ill effects of high dose of Vit-A but also it will help us optimal utilization of health resources in a resource poor country like India.

The use of 99mTc-phytate for assessment the protective effect of vitamin E against hepatotoxicity induced by methotrexat in rat.

PubMed

Amirfakhrian, Hossein; Abedi, Seyed Mohammad; Sadeghi, Hossein; Azizi, Soheil; Hosseinimehr, Seyed Jalal

2018-01-01

In this study, we investigated the protective effect of vitamin E against methotrexate (MTX)-induced hepatotoxicity by quantitative liver 99mTc-phytate uptake and liver imaging and to compare its effect with histopathology in rat. Rats were divided into five groups as control, solvent, Vit E (100 mg/kg), MTX (20 mg/kg), Vit E + MTX and. Vit E was intraperitoneally administrated for 17 days before MTX injection and continued for 4 days. 99mTc-phytate was injected through the tail of rats after the drug administration. The percentage of the injected dose per gram of liver and spleen tissues (%ID/g) was calculated. Liver imaging was obtained with gamma camera. In other experiment, liver of treated rats were assessed for histopathology. 99mTc-phytate uptake per gram tissue of the livers as %ID/g in control, solvent, MTX, Vit E, Vit E + MTX and MTX groups were 8.99% ± 1.37, 8.53% ± 2.91, 8.65% ± 3.84, 3.22% ± 1.09 and 8.38% ± 2.68. Vit E administration with MTX resulted in a significant increasing in the level of %ID/g. Vit E treatment improved the shape of live in planner image. Histophatological examinations showed a protective effect of Vit E against MTX-induced hepatoxicity in rats. The results showed that Vit E significantly attenuates the MTX-induced hepatotoxicity in rats, and 99mTc-phytate uptake in liver as well as liver image to be acceptable techniques for assessment of liver and spleen damages and/or their tissues protective effects in animal model.

A Comparative Study on the Life-Saving Radioprotective Effects of Vitamins A, E, C and Over-the-Counter Multivitamins.

PubMed

Mortazavi, S M J; Rahimi, S; Mosleh-Shirazi, M A; Arjomandi, M; Soleimani, A; Koohi Hossein-Abadi, O; Haghani, M; Alavi, M

2015-06-01

Oral intake of vitamins which present antioxidant characteristics can protect living organisms against oxidative damage caused by exposure to ionizing radiation. It was previously reported that administration of high levels of vitamin C can lead to increased DNA damage through production of hydroxyl radicals from hydrogen peroxide by the Fenton reaction. However, our early experiments did not confirm this hypothesis. The main goal of this study was to determine if high doses of Vit C can show life-saving radioprotective effects. Phase I: Seventy two male Balb/c mice weighing 20-25g were randomly divided into six groups of 12 animals each. Group I; Vit E for five days, Groups II and III; Vit C and Vit A. Group 4; all three vitamins. Group V; an over-the-counter multivitamin. Group VI; none of the above. Phase II: 120 male BALB/c mice weighing 20-25g were randomly divided into 12 groups of 10 each. Group I; Vit A for five days. Groups II-IV; Vit C 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, 800 mg/kg, respectively. Group V-VII; Vit E at daily doses of 200 iu/kg, 400 iu/kg, 800 iu/kg, respectively. Group VIII and IX; all three vitamins at low and high doses, respectively. Group X; an over-the-counter multivitamin. Group XI; controls group and Group XII; received pure olive oil. All animals (Phases I and II) were exposed to a lethal dose of gamma rays and the survival rates of the animals were monitored and recorded continuously for 16 days after exposure. Phase I: 14 days after irradiation the survival rate for control group was 33.33%, while the survival rates for the 1st to 5th groups were 45.45%, 81.81%, 50%, 57.14%, and 9.09% , respectively. Phase II: The survival rates in the control group and the group that only received pure olive oil, were 50% and 60%, respectively. Survival rate in the animals received Vit C at daily doses of 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, 800 mg/kg, were 90%, 90% and 90%, respectively. Log rank (Mantel-Cox) test showed statistically significant differences between the survival rates in control irradiated mice (no vitamins) and mice received Vit C at daily doses of 200 mg/kg (P=0.042), 400 mg/kg (P=0.042) and 800 mg/kg (P=0.042). Altogether, findings of this study showed that even high doses of Vit C can show life-saving radioprotective effects. The significant radioprotective effect of Vit C at doses used in this study, opens new horizons in developing non-toxic, cost effective, easily available radioprotectors in life-threatening situations such as exposure to lethal doses of ionizing radiation.  The radioprotective effect of Vit A and Vit E seem to be less efficient compared to that of Vit C.

A systematic review of the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of Pharmalgen® for the treatment of bee and wasp venom allergy.

PubMed

Hockenhull, J; Elremeli, M; Cherry, M G; Mahon, J; Lai, M; Darroch, J; Oyee, J; Boland, A; Dickson, R; Dundar, Y; Boyle, R

2012-01-01

Each year in the UK, there are between two and nine deaths from anaphylaxis caused by bee and wasp venom. Anaphylactic reactions can occur rapidly following a sting and can progress to a life-threatening condition within minutes. To avoid further reactions in people with a history of anaphylaxis to bee and wasp venom, the use of desensitisation, through a process known as venom immunotherapy (VIT), has been investigated and is in use in the UK. VIT consists of subcutaneous injections of increasing amounts of purified bee and/or wasp venom extract. Pharmalgen® products (ALK Abelló) have had UK marketing authorisation for VIT (as well as diagnosis) of allergy to bee venom (using Pharmalgen Bee Venom) and wasp venom (using Pharmalgen Wasp Venom) since March 1995. This review assessed the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of Pharmalgen in providing immunotherapy to individuals with a history of type 1 [immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated] systemic allergic reaction to bee and wasp venom. A comprehensive search strategy using a combination of index terms (e.g. Pharmalgen) and free-text words (e.g. allerg$) was developed and used to interrogate the following electronic databases: EMBASE, MEDLINE, The Cochrane Library. Papers were included if they studied venom immunotherapy using Pharmalgen (PhVIT) in patients who had previously experienced a systemic reaction to a bee and/or a wasp sting. Comparators were any alternative treatment options available in the NHS without VIT. Included outcomes were systemic reactions, local reactions, mortality, anxiety related to the possibility of future allergic reactions, health-related quality of life (QoL) and adverse reactions (ARs) to treatment. Cost-effectiveness outcomes included cost per quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) gained. Because of the small number of published randomised controlled trials (RCTs), no meta-analyses were conducted. A de novo economic model was developed to assess the cost-effectiveness of PhVIT plus high-dose antihistamine (HDA) plus adrenaline auto-injector (AAI) plus avoidance advice in relation to two comparators. A total of 1065 citations were identified, of which 266 full-text papers were obtained. No studies were identified that compared PhVIT with any of the outlined comparators. When these criteria were widened to include different protocols and types of PhVIT administration, four RCTs and five quasi-experimental studies were identified for inclusion. The quality of included studies was poor, and none was conducted in the UK. Eight studies reported re-sting data (systemic reactions ranged from 0.0% to 36.4%) and ARs (systemic reactions ranged from 0.0% to 38.1% and none was fatal). No included studies reported quality of life. No published economic evidence relevant to the decision problem was identified. The manufacturer of PhVIT did not submit any clinical effectiveness or cost-effectiveness evidence to the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence in support of PhVIT. The results of the Assessment Group's (AG) base-case analysis show that the comparison of PhVIT + HDA + AAI versus AAI + HDA yields an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of £18,065,527 per QALY gained; PhVIT + HDA + AAI versus avoidance advice only yields an ICER of £7,627,835 per QALY gained. The results of the sensitivity analyses and scenario analyses showed that the results of the base-case economic evaluation were robust for every plausible change in parameter made. The results of the 'High Risk of Sting Patients' subgroup analysis show that PhVIT + HDA + AAI dominates both AAI + HDA and avoidance advice only (i.e. is less expensive and more effective). The 'VIT Anxiety QoL Improvement' subgroup analysis shows that PhVIT + HDA + AAI versus HDA + AAI has an ICER of £23,868 per QALY gained, and PhVIT + HDA + AAI versus avoidance advice only yields an ICER of £25,661 per QALY gained. This review is limited to the use of Pharmalgen in the treatment of hymenoptera venom allergy and therefore does not assess the effectiveness of VIT in general. The current use of PhVIT in clinical practice in the NHS appears to be based on limited and poor-quality clinical effectiveness research. Available evidence indicates that sting reactions following the use of PhVIT are low and that the ARs related to treatment are minor and easily treatable. The results of the AG's de novo economic evaluation demonstrate that PhVIT + AAI + HDA compared with AAI + HDA and with avoidance advice only yields ICERs in the range of £8-20M per QALY gained. Two subgroups ('High Risk of Sting Patients' and 'VIT Anxiety QoL Improvement') were considered in the economic evaluation and the AG concludes that the use of PhVIT + AAI + HDA may be cost-effective in both groups. Future research should focus on clearly identifying groups of patients most likely to benefit from treatment and ensure that clinical practice is focussed on these groups. Furthermore, given the paucity of UK data in this area it would be informative if data could be collected routinely when VIT is administered in the NHS (e.g. rates of systemic adverse reactions to VIT, rates of systemic reactions to bee/wasp stings). The National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme.

Recurrent Glioblastoma Multiforme (grade IV - WHO 2007): a case of complete objective response - concomitant administration of Somatostatin / Octreotide, Retinoids, Vit E, Vit D3, Vit C, Melatonin, D2 R agonists (Di Bella Method.

PubMed

Di Bella, Giuseppe; Leci, Jovan; Ricchi, Alessandro; Toscano, Rosilde

2015-01-01

In a 41 year old man, with Glioblastoma Multiforme (Grade IV - WHO 2007) and loco-regional recurrence, treated conventionally with surgery, radio-therapy and Temolozomide, a complete objective response was subsequently achieved by means of the well-tolerated concomitant administration of Somatostatin + slow-release Octreotide, Melatonin, Retinoids solubilized in Vitamin E, Vit D3, Vit C, D2 R agonists, and Temolozomide. In addition to the positive and previously unreported therapeutic finding, this result allowed the patient to avoid further surgical trauma and the correlated risks, achieving an excellent quality of life and working capacity.

Can We Translate Vitamin D Immunomodulating Effect on Innate and Adaptive Immunity to Vaccine Response?

PubMed Central

Lang, Pierre Olivier; Aspinall, Richard

2015-01-01

Vitamin D (VitD), which is well known for its classic role in the maintenance of bone mineral density, has now become increasingly studied for its extra-skeletal roles. It has an important influence on the body’s immune system and modulates both innate and adaptive immunity and regulates the inflammatory cascade. In this review our aim was to describe how VitD might influence immune responsiveness and its potential modulating role in vaccine immunogenicity. In the first instance, we consider the literature that may provide molecular and genetic support to the idea that VitD status may be related to innate and/or adaptive immune response with a particular focus on vaccine immunogenicity and then discuss observational studies and controlled trials of VitD supplementation conducted in humans. Finally, we conclude with some knowledge gaps surrounding VitD and vaccine response, and that it is still premature to recommend “booster” of VitD at vaccination time to enhance vaccine response. PMID:25803545

Maternal vitamin C deficiency does not reduce hippocampal volume and β-tubulin III intensity in prenatal Guinea pigs.

PubMed

Hansen, Stine N; Schjoldager, Janne G; Paidi, Maya D; Lykkesfeldt, Jens; Tveden-Nyborg, Pernille

2016-07-01

Marginal vitamin C (vitC) deficiency affects 5% to 10% of adults including subpopulations such as pregnant women and newborns. Animal studies link vitC deficiency to deleterious effects on the developing brain, but exactly how the brain adapts to vitC deficiency and the mechanisms behind the observed deficits remain largely unknown. We hypothesized that vitC deficiency in utero may lead to a decreased neuronal maturation and increased cellular death giving rise to alterations of the hippocampal morphology in a guinea pig model. Brains from prenatal guinea pig pups (n=9-10 in each group) subjected to either a sufficient (918mg vitC/kg feed) or deficient (100mg vitC/kg feed) maternal dietary regimen were assessed with regards to hippocampal volume and β-tubulin isotype III staining intensity at 2 gestational time points (45 and 56). We found a distinct differential regional growth pattern of the hippocampus with a clear effect of gestational age, whereas vitC status did not affect either investigated parameters. Within hippocampal subdivisions, the overall expansion of the hippocampus from gestational day 45 to 56 was found to reside in the dentate gyrus. In conclusion, the present study found that hippocampal volume and β-tubulin isotype III intensity in the prenatal guinea pig were influenced by gestational day but not by maternal vitC intake. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Vitamin D, parathyroid hormone and cardiovascular risk: the good, the bad and the ugly.

PubMed

Pascale, Antonietta V; Finelli, Rosa; Giannotti, Rocco; Visco, Valeria; Fabbricatore, Davide; Matula, Ida; Mazzeo, Pietro; Ragosa, Nicola; Massari, Angelo; Izzo, Raffaele; Coscioni, Enrico; Illario, Maddalena; Ciccarelli, Michele; Trimarco, Bruno; Iaccarino, Guido

2018-02-01

: 25-Hydroxyvitamin D insufficiency and increased cardiovascular risk (CVR) association is still debated. The vitamin D (VitD)-dependent parathyroid hormone (PTH) is considered as the possible actuator of VitD effects on CVR. To investigate the association of CVR, PTH and VitD, we carried out blood pressure measurements and blood samples and collected information on dietary habits, anamnestic, clinical and metabolic data of 451 participants in the Salerno area (Southern Italy) during the World Hypertension Day (17 May). CVR was calculated according to the Framingham CVR charts. The overall population mean age was 51.6 ± 0.7 years, and female sex was slightly prevalent (55%). VitD deficiency (<20 ng/ml) was most frequent (59.7%). In this population, VitD and CVR did not correlate. VitD and PTH inversely correlated (r = -0.265, P < 0.001) as expected. PTH was in direct correlation (r = 0.225, P < 0.001) with CVR. Elevated PTH (75 percentile; ≥49.5 pg/ml) levels identify a population with higher CVR (11.8 ± 0.5 vs. 8.5 ± 0.3, P < 0.001). In a multivariate analysis, both age and PTH correlate to CVR, but not VitD. In conclusion, VitD does not directly affect CVR in the overall population. Rather, increased PTH might be a better predictor of CVR.

Vitamin D as Supplemental Therapy for Pneumocystis Pneumonia.

PubMed

Lei, Guang-Sheng; Zhang, Chen; Zimmerman, Michelle K; Lee, Chao-Hung

2015-12-14

The combination of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and primaquine (PMQ) has been shown to be effective for therapy of Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP). Since a high concentration of ATRA has significant adverse effects, the possibility that vitamin D can be used to replace ATRA for PCP therapy was investigated. C57BL/6 mice were immunosuppressed by depleting CD4(+) cells and infected with Pneumocystis murina 1 week after initiation of immunosuppression. Three weeks after infection, the mice were treated orally for 3 weeks with vitamin D3 (VitD3) alone, PMQ alone, a combination of VitD3 and PMQ (VitD3-PMQ), or a combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX). Results showed that VitD3 (300 IU/kg/day) had a synergistic effect with PMQ (5 mg/kg/day) for therapy of PCP. Flow cytometric studies showed that this VitD3-PMQ combination recovered the CD11b(low) CD11c(high) alveolar macrophage population in mice with PCP as effectively as TMP-SMX. The VitD3-PMQ combination also reduced the massive infiltration of inflammatory cells into the lungs and the severity of lung damage. VitD3 was also shown to reduce the dose of TMP-SMX required for effective treatment of PCP. Taken together, results of this study suggest that a VitD3-PMQ combination can be used as an alternative therapy for PCP. Copyright © 2016, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Investigating the potential role of vitamin E in modulating the immunosuppressive effects of tylvalosin and florfenicol in broiler chickens.

PubMed

El-Ela, Fatma I Abo; Shany, S A S; El-Deen, Manal B; El-Banna, H A; El-Gendy, A A; Hendy, K; Tohamy, M A

2016-10-01

Tylvalosin (TVS) is a third-generation macrolide drug used for prophylaxis and treatment of mycoplasma, however; it is supposed to possess an immunosuppressive effect. In the current study, the immunosuppressive effect of TVS and florfenicol (FFC) and the potential immunomodulatory role of Vit E were investigated. The experiment included one day old chick groups treated with either TVS, FFC, Vit E, TVS/Vit E, FFC/Vit E and control non-treated group. Chicks were vaccinated with inactivated H9N2 avian influenza (AI) vaccine and humoral antibody titers to viral antigen as well as innate immunity (serum lysozyme activity and nitric oxide levels) were evaluated. Total and differential leucocytic counts, serum liver enzymes level, blood leucocytic DNA damage and cellular area percentages within the lymphoid organs were also screened. Treatment with TVS and FFC significantly decreased immune response of chickens while treatment with Vit E improved the humoral immune response at 4 and 5weeks post-vaccination. Vit E also significantly increased the cellular immune response. The combination of Vit E with either TVS or FFC modulated their immunosuppressive effect and resulted in mild immunostimulatory effects. TVS alone induced a genotoxic effect on chickens' blood leucocytes and the genotoxicity was inhibited by combination of TVS with Vit E. Histopathology revealed that chickens treated with either TVS or FFC exhibited toxic effect on the lymphatic tissues. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Dimethoate-induced oxidative stress in human erythrocytes and the protective effect of vitamins C and E in vitro.

PubMed

Abdallah, Fatma Ben; Gargouri, Bochra; Bejaoui, Hafedh; Lassoued, Saloua; Ammar-Keskes, Leila

2011-06-01

Organophosphorus insecticides may induce oxidative stress leading to the generation of free radicals and alteration in the antioxidant system. The aim of this study was to examine the potency of Dimethoate (Dim) to induce oxidative stress response in human erythrocyte in vitro and the role of Vitamins C (Vit C) and E (Vit E) in alleviating the cytotoxic effects. Erythrocytes were divided into three groups. The first group, erythrocytes were incubated for 4 h at 37 °C with different concentrations (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 mM) of Dim. The second and third groups were preincubated with Vit C or Vit E, respectively, for 30 min and followed by Dim incubation for 4 h at 37 °C. Following in vitro exposure, Dim caused a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) in erythrocytes at different concentrations. Vit E or Vit C pretreated erythrocytes showed a significant protection against the cytotoxic effects inducted by Dim on the studied parameters. In conclusion, antioxidant Vit E and C could protect against Dim-induced oxidative stress by decreasing lipid peroxidation and hyperactivity of SOD and CAT in human erythrocytes. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Outcome survey of insect venom allergic patients with venom immunotherapy in a rural population.

PubMed

Roesch, Alexander; Boerzsoenyi, Julia; Babilas, Philipp; Landthaler, Michael; Szeimies, Rolf-Markus

2008-04-01

Hymenoptera venom anaphylaxis is a frightening event that affects physical and psychical functioning. Retrospective survey of 182 Hymenoptera venom allergic patients living in a rural area using a questionnaire targeting on patients' satisfaction during therapy, fear of anaphylactic recurrences and changes in lifestyle before and after venom immunotherapy (VIT). Additionally, patients' self-assessment of quality of life, daily outdoor time and re-sting rate were recorded. 146 patients returned the questionnaire (58.9% male, 41.1% female, 25.3% honey bee allergic, 67.8% wasp allergic, 41.1% re-sting rate, mean follow-up time 6.5 years). Measurement of the parameters fear, satisfaction and changes in lifestyle revealed a significant improvement after VIT. This correlated with the patients'self-assessment of quality of life,when 89.7% declared an improvement after VIT. Although the improvement was higher in patients with re-stings, also patients without re-stings clearly benefited from VIT. Interestingly, females were significantly more affected by Hymenoptera venom allergy than males,whereas both genders showed a similar improvement after VIT. Patients with Hymenoptera venom sting allergy significantly benefit from VIT in regard to both biological and psychological outcome. VIT should still be provided to all Hymenoptera venom allergic patients as standard of care.

The effect of vitamin D on primary dysmenorrhea with vitamin D deficiency: a randomized double-blind controlled clinical trial.

PubMed

Moini, Ashraf; Ebrahimi, Tabandeh; Shirzad, Nooshin; Hosseini, Reihaneh; Radfar, Mania; Bandarian, Fatemeh; Jafari-Adli, Shahrzad; Qorbani, Mostafa; Hemmatabadi, Mahboobeh

2016-06-01

Dysmenorrhea is common among women of reproductive age. This study aim was to investigate the effect of vitamin D (vit D) supplementation in treatment of primary dysmenorrhea with vit D deficiency. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted on 60 women with primary dysmenorrhea and vit D deficiency referred to our clinic at Arash Women's Hospital from September 2013 to December 2014. Eligible women were randomly assigned into treatment and control groups (30 in each group). Individuals in the treatment group received 50 000 IU oral vit D and the control group received placebo weekly for eight weeks. After two months of treatment, there was a significant difference in serum vit D concentration between the two groups (p < 0.001). Pain severity decreased significantly in treatment group after eight weeks of treatment. There was a significant difference in pain intensity between the two groups after eight weeks of treatment and one month after the end of treatment (p < 0.001 for both). A weekly high dose (50 000 IU) oral vit D supplementation for eight weeks in patients with primary dysmenorrhea and vit D deficiency could improve pain intensity.

Effect of sperm concentration on characteristics and fertilization capacity of rooster sperm frozen in the presence of the antioxidants catalase and vitamin E.

PubMed

Moghbeli, Morteza; Kohram, Hamid; Zare-Shahaneh, Ahmad; Zhandi, Mahdi; Sharideh, Hossein; Sharafi, Mohsen

2016-10-01

The objective of this study conducted was to determine the influence of different levels of sperm concentration, including catalase (CAT) and vitamin E (VitE) in rooster semen extender on postthawed quality and fertility of rooster semen. Semen was collected twice a week from six roosters (Arian) and diluted according to experimental treatments consisting of sperm suspensions containing different sperm concentrations (200, 400, and 600 × 106 sperm/mL) without antioxidant supplementation as control (Con) groups (Con200, Con400, and Con600, respectively), sperm suspensions containing different sperm concentrations (200, 400, and 600 × 106 sperm/mL) supplemented with 5-μg/mL VitE (VitE200, VitE400, and VitE600, respectively) and different sperm concentrations (200, 400, and 600 × 106 sperm/mL) supplementation with 100 IU/mL CAT (CAT200, CAT400, and CAT600, respectively). After thawing; sperm motility, membrane integrity, and mitochondrial function were assessed. Fertility and hatchability rates were determined by using 100 artificially inseminated hens. The percentage of total motility (TM) and activity of mitochondria decreased (P < 0.05) as the sperm concentration increased in control groups. So, the lowest percentage of the TM and activity of mitochondria were observed in the Con600 as compared with other treatment groups. Extenders containing 100 IU/mL CAT and 5-μg/mL VitE resulted in higher (P < 0.05) TM, progressive motility, membrane integrity, and activity of mitochondria compared with control groups. Adding VitE and CAT in different sperm concentrations, the percentage of TM, membrane integrity, and activity of mitochondria decreased (P < 0.05) as the sperm concentration decreased. The highest (P < 0.05) membrane integrity, TM, and progressive motility were recorded at VitE400 and CAT400. Including VitE and CAT in rooster extender with different level sperm concentrations had no effect (P > 0.05) on fertility and hatchability rates. In conclusion, although adding VitE and CAT in extender with different levels of sperm concentration improved postthawed quality of rooster semen, but adding VitE and CAT in the extender have no effect on fertility rate. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Ovine secondary follicles vitrified out the ovarian tissue grow and develop in vitro better than those vitrified into the ovarian fragments.

PubMed

Lunardi, Franciele Osmarini; de Aguiar, Francisco Leo Nascimento; Duarte, Ana Beatriz Graça; Araújo, Valdevane Rocha; de Lima, Laritza Ferreira; Ribeiro de Sá, Naiza Arcângela; Vieira Correia, Hudson Henrique; Domingues, Sheyla Farhayldes Souza; Campello, Cláudio Cabral; Smitz, Johan; de Figueiredo, José Ricardo; Ribeiro Rodrigues, Ana Paula

2016-04-15

Cryopreservation of preantral follicles is a promising technique to preserve female fertility. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of vitrification on the development of secondary follicles included in ovarian tissue or isolated after microdissection. An important end point included is the capacity of grown oocytes to resume meiosis. Sheep ovarian cortexes were cut into fragments and split into three different groups: (1) fresh (control): secondary follicles isolated without any previous vitrification; (2) follicle-vitrification (follicle-vit): secondary follicles vitrified in isolated form; and (3) tissue-vitrification (tissue-vit): secondary follicles vitrified within fragments of ovarian tissue (in situ former) and subsequently subjected to isolation. From the three groups, isolated secondary follicles were submitted to IVC for 18 days. After IVC, cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were harvested from follicles. As an additional control group, in vivo grown, in vivo-grown COCs were collected from antral ovarian follicles. All, recovered COCs were matured and the chromatin configuration was evaluated. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, and the means were compared by Student-Newman-Keuls test, and by chi-square. Differences were considered to be significant when P < 0.05. Isolated preantral follicles from all treatments had normal morphology, antrum formation, and low follicle degeneration after IVC. The growth rate between control and follicle-vit did not differ (P > 0.05), and was higher (P < 0.05) than for tissue-vit. The percentage of follicles that decreased diameter during IVC was significantly higher in tissue-vit than the in follicle-vit. Recovery rate of oocytes from normal follicles was higher in follicle-vit than in tissue-vit. Furthermore, oocyte viability was lower in tissue-vit than other treatments, and follicle-vit did not differ from control and in vivo grown. The percentage of oocytes meiosis resuming was not different between treatments except for in vivo grown. After vitrification, only follicle-vit showed metaphase I oocyte. We conclude that secondary follicles vitrified after isolation displayed a better follicular growth rate, oocyte viability, percentage of oocytes reaching the metaphase I stage, and fewer follicles with decreased diameter after IVC. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Time course of serum inhibitory activity for facilitated allergen-IgE binding during bee venom immunotherapy in children.

PubMed

Varga, E-M; Francis, J N; Zach, M S; Klunker, S; Aberer, W; Durham, S R

2009-09-01

Immunotherapy for bee venom allergy is effective and provides long-term protection. Venom-specific IgG4 levels are increased but with no correlation with clinical improvement. Following grass pollen immunotherapy, elevation of antigen-specific IgG4 is accompanied by increases in IgG-dependent serum inhibitory activity for IgE-facilitated binding of allergen-IgE complexes to B cells. As this 'functional' assay of inhibitory antibodies may be more predictive of clinical efficacy, we investigated the time course of serum inhibitory activity for IgE-facilitated antigen binding during venom immunotherapy (VIT) in children and following 2 years of VIT withdrawal. Ten bee venom-allergic children (mean age: 9.3 years; m/f, 7/3) with moderate to severe allergic reactions to bee stings received VIT. A separate group of seven children (mean age: 14 years; m/f, 5/2) were investigated 2 years after VIT withdrawal. Ten age- and gender-matched children served as non-allergic controls. Allergen-specific serum IgG4 and IgE levels were measured by ELISA at baseline, after 2 years of VIT and 2 years after VIT withdrawal. Serum inhibitory activity was assessed using the facilitated-allergen binding (FAB) assay. Sera obtained during VIT significantly inhibited allergen-IgE binding to B-cells (pre-treatment=104+/-23%; 2 years=46+/-15%; P<0.001) when compared with sera obtained after treatment withdrawal and sera from normal controls. In parallel to FAB inhibition during VIT, significantly higher IgG4 levels were noted after immunotherapy (pre-treatment=8.6+/-2.3 AU; 2 years=26.7+/-3.5 AU; P<0.001) compared with those observed after withdrawal and in the controls. In contrast, progressively lower IgE concentrations were observed compared with pre-treatment (44+/-7 AU) in sera obtained after 2 years of VIT (25+/-5 AU; P<0.01) and 2 years following the withdrawal of VIT (10+/-3 AU; P<0.05). In contrast to grass pollen immunotherapy, the persistent decline in venom-specific IgE levels, rather than serum inhibitory activity for FAB, may be more relevant for long-term clinical efficacy of VIT.

What do we know about juvenile idiopathic arthritis and vitamin D? A systematic literature review and meta-analysis of current evidence.

PubMed

Nisar, Muhammad K; Masood, Falak; Cookson, Paul; Sansome, Alison; Ostör, Andrew J K

2013-06-01

Over the last decade vitamin D (Vit D) has been the focus of considerable interest as a potential immunomodulator in a variety of conditions including autoimmune disease. Its influence in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) however is unclear. We therefore wished to clarify a possible link with the currently available evidence. A systematic literature review was undertaken using Embase, Cochrane and Medline for manuscripts up to May 2011. Search results were then assessed by two independent reviewers and relevant articles were further screened by full text review. Only those specifically reporting Vit D levels or its supplementation in JIA (ages between 0 and 18 years) were selected. Meta-analysis was performed where possible with those papers reporting similar data and analysis techniques. In total, 19 papers (n = 745) were included in the review. Fourteen papers quoted 25(OH)D levels within their study groups with a mean of 24.56 ng/ml (range, 11.5-56.4 ng/ml) in a total of 529 children. Eleven papers quoted 1,25(OH)2D levels with a mean of 31.09 pg/ml (range 6.1-65.0 pg/mol) in a total of 518 children. Three studies reporting the prevalence of Vit D deficiency in their cohorts found that up to 82 % of children had insufficient levels. Five papers reported Vit D levels by JIA subtype and showed lower levels of both 25(OH)D [mean 15.35, range 8.5-24.5 ng/ml] and 1,25(OH)2D [ mean 22.89, range 5.6-50 pg/ml] in systemic JIA. Four papers reported Vit D supplementation in JIA however the treatment effect was unclear. At present no clear evidence exists to support a link between Vit D level and JIA. Furthermore, the role of Vit D supplementation in the management of JIA is lacking. Despite Vit D levels appearing to be lower in JIA, interpretation is problematic as no agreed definition of Vit D deficiency exists in this population. A need remains therefore to standardise Vit D levels in the paediatric population and in JIA.

VITAMIN B6 (PYRIDOXINE HYDROCHLORIDE) TOXICOSIS IN FALCONS.

PubMed

Samour, Jaime; Perlman, Janine; Kinne, Jörg; Baskar, Vijay; Wernery, Ulrich; Dorrestein, Gerry

2016-06-01

This manuscript reports three independent accidental cases of vitamin (Vit) B6 toxicosis in gyrfalcons (Falco rusticolus) and peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus) and a toxicology study that was conducted to characterize the clinical responses of gyrfalcons and gyrfalcon × peregrine falcons to a range of single intramuscular (IM) and oral (PO) doses of Vit B6. Both lethal and nonlethal doses were determined. Twelve female gyrfalcons died following IM injection of 1 ml of a vitamin B preparation. Within 30 min of injection, the birds passed pistachio green-colored urates and progressed to vomiting, anorexia, cessation of normal activity, ptosis, collapse, and death, occurring 24-36 hr post injections. Three individuals vomited frothy, partially digested blood and had clonic spasms and convulsions. Postmortem and histopathology revealed multifocal severe hepatic necrosis, splenic lymphoid tissue depletion and hemorrhages with arterial necrosis, and acute renal tubular necrosis. Following administration of a different, oral, mineral-vitamin supplement, a total of 21 peregrine falcons in two separate European facilities died suddenly. Histology of the liver showed diffuse congestion and multifocal coagulative necrosis with mild infiltration of heterophils. The particular nutritional supplement, used by both breeders, was analyzed and found to contain 5-9.7% Vit B6. Other randomly selected lots of the product contained 0.007-0.27% Vit B6. According to the product label, Vit B6 should have been present at 0.004%. To confirm the hypothesis that Vit B6 was responsible for the deaths of the falcons in Abu Dhabi, Vit B6 (British Pharmacopoeia [BP] grade) in powder form was diluted in water for injection and administered IM to four groups of falcons. Groups of four gyrfalcon × peregrine hybrid falcons or gyrfalcons (or both) were given a single IM dose of 5, 10, 15, or 20 mg/kg of Vit B6 or received an oral dose of 25, 50, or 75 mg of Vit B6. Only birds in the lowest-dose groups survived. The maximum nonlethal single doses of Vit B6 in falcons were 5 mg/kg i.m. and 25 mg/kg p.o.

Acute Supplementation with High Dose Vitamin D3 Increases Serum Anti-Müllerian Hormone in Young Women.

PubMed

Dennis, Nicola A; Houghton, Lisa A; Pankhurst, Michael W; Harper, Michelle J; McLennan, Ian S

2017-07-08

Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a paracrine regulator of ovarian follicles. Vitamin D (Vit D) regulates AMH production in vitro, but its role as a regulator of ovarian AMH production is contentious. If Vit D influences ovarian AMH production, then an acute rise in Vit D level should lead to an acute rise in circulating AMH levels. This hypothesis was tested with a randomized double-blind design, with 18-25-year-old women recruited from the community. The study was conducted in early spring, when the marker of Vit D level (25-hydroxyvitamin D, 25(OH)D) tends to be at its nadir. The women consumed either an oral dose of 50,000 IU of Vit D3 ( n = 27) or placebo ( n = 22). The initial 25(OH)D ± SD value was 53.6 ± 23.3 nmol/L, with 42 of the 49 women having a value below 75 nmol/L, consistent with seasonal nadir. All women receiving Vit D3 treatment exhibited a robust increase in serum 25(OH)D within 1 day (15.8 ± 1.1 nmol/L ( n = 27), p < 0.0001), with the increase sustained over the study week. Circulating levels of AMH in the women receiving Vit D3 progressively rose during the following week, with a mean increase of 12.9 ± 3.7% ( n = 24, p = 0.001). The study supports the hypothesis that Vit D's positive effects on the fertility of woman may involve the regulation of ovarian AMH levels.

Protective effects of boron and vitamin E on ethylene glycol-induced renal crystal calcium deposition in rat.

PubMed

Bahadoran, H; Naghii, M R; Mofid, M; Asadi, M H; Ahmadi, K; Sarveazad, A

2016-10-01

Kidney stone disease is a common form of renal disease. Antioxidants, such as vitamin E (Vit E) and boron, are substances that reduce the damage caused by oxidation. Adult male rats were divided into 5 groups (n=6). In group 1, rats received standard food and water for 28 days (control group); in group 2, standard rodent food and water with 0.75% ethylene glycol/d (dissolved in drinking water) (EG Group); in group 3, similar to group 2, with 3 mg of boron/d (dissolved in water) (EG+B Group); in group 4, similar to group 2, with 200 IU of vitamin E injected intraperitoneally on the first day and the 14th day, (EG+Vit E Group); in group 5, mix of groups 3 and 4, respectively (EG+B+Vit E Group). Kidney sections showed that crystals in the EG group increased significantly in comparison with the control group. Crystal calcium deposition score in groups of EG+B (160), EG+Vit E, and EG+B+Vit E showed a significant decrease compared to EG group. Measurement of the renal tubules area and renal tubular epithelial histological score showed the highest significant dilation in the EG group. Tubular dilation in the EG+B+Vit E group decreased compared to the EG+B and EG+Vit E groups. Efficient effect of boron and Vit E supplements, separately and in combination, has a complimentary effect in protection against the formation of kidney stones, probably by decreasing oxidative stress.

Oxidative stress in erythrocytes: a study on the effect of antioxidant mixtures during intermittent exposures to high altitude

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vani, R.; Shiva Shankar Reddy, C. S.; Asha Devi, S.

2010-09-01

The aim of our study was to compare and assess the effectiveness of antioxidant mixtures on the erythrocytes (RBC) of adult male albino rats (Wister) subjected to simulated intermittent high altitudes—5,100 m (AL1) and 6,700 m (AL2)—to induce oxidative stress (OS). To achieve our objective, we pre-supplemented four sets of animals with different antioxidant mixtures [vitamin E (vit.E; 50 IU/kg BW), vitamin C (vit.C; 400 mg/kg) and l-carnitine (400 mg/kg)] in different combinations [M1 (vit.E+vit.C), M2 (vit.C+carnitine), M3 (vit.E+carnitine) and M4 (vit.C+vit.E+carnitine)] for 30 days prior to as well during exposure to intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (IHH). Membrane instability, in terms of osmotic fragility and hemolysis, decreased in RBCs of supplemented animals. There was a significant increase in the activity of glutathione peroxidase in the RBCs of supplemented animals. We confirmed OS imposed by IHH with assays relating to lipid [thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and lipofuscin (LF)] and protein (carbonyl, PrC) oxidation, and found a positive correlation between PrC and hemolysis, with a decrease in both upon supplementation with M3 and M4 mixtures. Fluorescence microscopic observation showed a maximum decrease in the LF content in rats administered M4 and M1 compared to those on M2 and M3 mixtures at both altitudes. We suggest that multiple antioxidant fortifications are effective in overcoming increased OS experienced by RBCs at high altitudes.

Vitamin E mitigates cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity due to reversal of oxidative/nitrosative stress, suppression of inflammation and reduction of total renal platinum accumulation.

PubMed

Darwish, Mostafa A; Abo-Youssef, Amira M; Khalaf, Marwa M; Abo-Saif, Ali A; Saleh, Ibrahim G; Abdelghany, Tamer M

2017-01-01

Cisplatin (CP) is one of the most effective chemotherapeutic agents. Unfortunately, CP-induced nephrotoxicity hampered its use. This study aims to investigate the effect of vitamin E (Vit E) on CP-induced nephrotoxicity. Male white albino rats were divided to four group's six rats each and received either, 1% tween 80 in normal saline or Vit E (75 mg/kg) per day for 14 consecutive days or a single injection of CP (6 mg/kg) alone or CP (6 mg/kg) together with Vit E (75 mg/kg per day for 14 consecutive days). Five days after the CP injection, rats were euthanized; blood samples were collected; kidneys were dissected; and biochemical, immunohistochemical, and histological examinations were performed. Our results revealed that CP treatment significantly increased serum levels of creatinine and urea. Moreover, reduced glutathione (GSH) content as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were significantly reduced with concurrent increase in kidney malondialdehyde (MDA) content following CP treatment. Vit E successfully lowered serum levels of urea and creatinine, enhanced creatinine clearance and diuresis, and normalized relative kidney/body weight. Furthermore, Vit E successfully normalized renal MDA and nitrite concentrations, elevated GSH level, and restored CAT and SOD activities in renal tissues. Histopathological examination of rat kidney revealed that Vit E significantly mitigated CP-induced renal damage. Importantly, administration of Vit E reduced kidney total platinum concentration indicating a role of platinum renal accumulation on the ability of Vit E to protect against CP nephrotoxicity. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Feeding Vitamin C during Neonatal and Juvenile Growth Improves Learning and Memory of Rats.

PubMed

Hosseini, Mahmoud; Beheshti, Farimah; Sohrabi, Farzaneh; Vafaee, Farzaneh; Shafei, Mohammad Naser; Reza Sadeghnia, Hamid

2018-09-03

We investigated the effects of feeding vitamin C (Vit C) during neonatal and juvenile growth on learning and memory of rats. Rats after delivery were randomly divided into four groups and treated. Group 1, control group, received normal drinking water. Groups 2-4 received Vit C 10, 100, and 500 mg/kg, respectively, from the first day. After 8 weeks, 10 male offspring of each group were randomly selected and tested in the Morris water maze (MWM) and passive avoidance (PA) tests. Finally, the brains were removed for biochemical measurement. In MWM, 10-500 mg/kg Vit C reduced the latency and traveled distance and increased time spent in the target quadrant. In PA, 10 and 100 mg/kg of Vit C increased the latency; 10-500 mg/kg of Vit C decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) in the brain tissues and increased thiol and catalase (CAT) activity compared to the control group. We showed that feeding rats Vit C during neonatal and juvenile growth has positive effects on learning and memory.

STUDY ON THE CHEMICAL PROTECTION AGAINST RADIATION INJURIES. II. EFFECT OF VITAMINS B$sub 2$, B$sub 6$, H, C AND PANTOTHENIC ACID

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hashimoto, T.

Pure-bred mice were irradiated with a single exposure of 800 r (lethal dose) and 680 r (LD/sub 5//sub 0/) of x rays. No protective effect of vit. B/ sub 2/, B/sub 6/, or pantothenic acid against radiation injury was recognized. Only vit. B/sub 1/ was effective. These 2 results indicate that the protective effect of vit. B/sub 1/ is due to activation of SH base. Neither pantothenic acid nor pantothein had any radiation-protective effect, but the combined use of pantothenic acid with beta -mercaptoethylamine was effective. Probably the protection is due to some mechanism other than the SH group. Vit.more » H gave no protection, and there was some relationship between the dosage of vit. H and its toxity. Vit. C gave some protection against radiation injury, believed to be due to cooperation with glutathione in the oxidation-reduction system. This mechanism seems to be different from that of other types of radiation-protective agents. (Abstr. Japan Med., 1: No. 8, 1961)« less

Shock wave response of a zirconium-based bulk metallic glass and its composite

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhuang, Shiming; Lu, Jun; Ravichandran, Guruswami

2002-06-01

A zirconium-based bulk metallic glass, Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5 (Vit 1), and its composite, Zr56.3Ti13.8Cu6.9Ni5.6Nb5.0Be12.5 (beta-Vit), were subjected to planar impact loading. A surprisingly low amplitude elastic precursor and bulk wave, corresponding to the elastic response of the "frozen structure" of the intact metallic glasses, were observed to precede the rate-dependent large deformation shock wave. A concave downward curvature after the initial increase of the Us-Up shock Hugoniots suggests that a phase-change-like transition occurred during shock compression. Further, compression damage occurred due to the shear localization. The spalling in Vit 1 was induced by shear localization, while in beta-Vit, it was due to debonding of the beta-phase boundary from the matrix. The spall strengths at strain rate of 2 x106 s-1 were determined to be 2.35 and 2.11 GPa for Vit 1 and beta-Vit, respectively.

Specific inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative stress suppresses inflammation and improves cardiac function in a rat pneumonia-related sepsis model.

PubMed

Zang, Qun S; Sadek, Hesham; Maass, David L; Martinez, Bobbie; Ma, Lisha; Kilgore, Jessica A; Williams, Noelle S; Frantz, Doug E; Wigginton, Jane G; Nwariaku, Fiemu E; Wolf, Steven E; Minei, Joseph P

2012-05-01

Using a mitochondria-targeted vitamin E (Mito-Vit-E) in a rat pneumonia-related sepsis model, we examined the role of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in sepsis-mediated myocardial inflammation and subsequent cardiac contractile dysfunction. Sepsis was produced in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats via intratracheal injection of S. pneumonia (4 × 10(6) colony formation units per rat). A single dose of Mito-Vit-E, vitamin E, or control vehicle, at 21.5 μmol/kg, was administered 30 min postinoculation. Blood was collected, and heart tissue was harvested at various time points. Mito-Vit-E in vivo distribution was confirmed by mass spectrometry. In cardiac mitochondria, Mito-Vit-E improved total antioxidant capacity and suppressed H(2)O(2) generation, whereas vitamin E offered little effect. In cytosol, both antioxidants decreased H(2)O(2) levels, but only vitamin E strengthened antioxidant capacity. Mito-Vit-E protected mitochondrial structure and function in the heart during sepsis, demonstrated by reduction in lipid and protein oxidation, preservation of mitochondrial membrane integrity, and recovery of respiratory function. While both Mito-Vit-E and vitamin E suppressed sepsis-induced peripheral and myocardial production of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6), Mito-Vit-E exhibited significantly higher efficacy (P < 0.05). Stronger anti-inflammatory action of Mito-Vit-E was further shown by its near-complete inhibition of sepsis-induced myeloperoxidase accumulation in myocardium, suggesting its effect on neutrophil infiltration. Echocardiography analysis indicated that Mito-Vit-E ameliorated cardiac contractility of sepsis animals, shown by improved fractional shortening and ejection fraction. Together, our data suggest that targeted scavenging of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species protects mitochondrial function, attenuates tissue-level inflammation, and improves whole organ activities in the heart during sepsis.

The role of Vitamin D in immuno-inflammatory responses in Ankylosing Spondylitis patients with and without Acute Anterior Uveitis.

PubMed

Mitulescu, T C; Stavaru, C; Voinea, L M; Banica, L M; Matache, C; Predeteanu, D

2016-01-01

Hypothesis: Abnormal Vitamin D (Vit D) level could have consequences on the immuno-inflammatory processes in Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS). Aim: The purpose of this study was to analyze the role of Vitamin D in the interplay between immune and inflammation effectors in AS associated-Acute Anterior Uveitis (AAU). Methods and Results: 25-hydroxyvitamin D (Vit D), LL-37 peptide, IL-8 and Serum Amyloid A (SAA) were identified and quantified in the serum/ plasma of thirty-four AS patients [eleven AS patients presenting AAU (AAU AS patients) and twenty-three AS patients without AAU (wAAU AS patients)] and eighteen healthy individuals (Control) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Acute-phase SAA level was significantly higher in AS patients compared to Controls. Contrary with wAAU AS patients, significantly elevated levels of IL-8, and diminished levels of Vit D characterized AAU AS patients. Regarding LL-37, its level decreased concomitantly with the level of Vit D. When AS patients were subgrouped based on AAU presence or on Vit D level, important associations between immuno-inflammatory assessed markers and AS features were noticed. Generally, Vit D levels were associated indirectly with leukocytes/ neutrophils number or with ESR, CRP, and Fibrinogen levels. The levels of SAA and IL-8 associated directly with AAU or with AAU relapses, especially in AS patients with Vit D insufficiency, while SAA associated directly with infection/ inflammatory markers and with disease activity indexes or with the degree of functional limitation. Discussion: Altered levels of Vit D affect the balance between LL-37, IL-8 and SAA, suggesting an association with AAU, an extra-articular manifestation of AS. Abbreviations: Vit D = Vitamin D, AS = Ankylosing Spondylitis, AAU = Acute Anterior Uveitis, AAU AS = AS patients with AAU, wAAU AS = AS patients without AAU, SSZ = Sulphasalazine, Leu = Leukocytes, Neu = Neutrophils.

Comparison of methods of assessing vitamin A status in children.

PubMed

Makdani, D; Sowell, A L; Nelson, J D; Apgar, J; Gunter, E W; Hegar, A; Potts, W; Rao, D; Wilcox, A; Smith, J C

1996-10-01

A study of children (2-8 years; n = 613) in Belize, Central America, was conducted to determine what proportion of the children might be at risk of vitamin A (vit A) deficiency. The data provide an opportunity to compare results of three methods of assessing vit A status in a population which was not severely malnourished. Serum retinyl ester concentrations were also determined; their relevance to one of the tests, the relative dose response (RDR) test, is discussed. The three methods of assessing vit A status were: RDR test, fasting serum retinol concentration, and conjunctival impression cytology (CIC). Retinol-binding protein (RBP), serum retinyl esters and serum zinc concentrations were also determined. Inadequate vit A status was indicated for 17% of subjects by the RDR test (14% cutoff), for 24% by fasting serum retinol concentration (< 0.87 mumol/L), and for 49% by "abnormal" CIC score. Retinyl esters constituted 24% of serum retinoids at the time (5 hours after a retinyl palmitate dose) at which the second blood sample is taken for the RDR test. Regression tree analyses (CART) indicated ethnicity was a predictor of RDR score; ethnicity, stunting and age were predictors of fasting serum retinol concentration; ethnicity and stunting were predictors of 0-hour retinyl ester concentration. The three indices of vit A status did not identify the same individuals nor indicate the same percentage of the population to be at risk for vit A deficiency. Increased concentrations of retinyl esters at 5 hours compared to those at 0 hours suggest that insufficient retinol may have been taken up by the liver at 5 hours to release all accumulated retinol-binding protein (RBP) in deficient individuals; prevalence of vit A deficiency might therefore be underestimated by the RDR test. The selection of ethnicity as a predictor of RDR score and of 0-hour retinol and retinyl ester concentrations suggests that factors other than vit A status affect vit A metabolism and may affect the RDR test.

Combined effects of vitamin E and omega-3 fatty acids on protecting ambient PM2.5-induced cardiovascular injury in rats.

PubMed

Du, Xihao; Jiang, Shuo; Bo, Liang; Liu, Jie; Zeng, Xuejiao; Xie, Yuquan; He, Qing; Ye, Xingwang; Song, Weiming; Zhao, Jinzhuo

2017-04-01

This study aims to observe whether the combined treatment with vitamin E (vit E) and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (Ω-3 FA) could prevent the fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 )-induced cardiovascular injury through alleviating inflammation and oxidative stress. At the same time, the appropriate combination dosage of vit E and Ω-3 FA was explored to find an optimized protective dose to protect the injury induced by PM 2.5 . The SD rats were pretreated with different concentration of vit E and Ω-3 FA separately or jointly. Then the rats were exposed to ambient PM 2.5 by intratracheal instillation for three times. The expression of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) in serum and supernatant of cardiac tissue were detected by ELISA kits. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and glutathione-peroxidase (GSH-Px) in myocardium and the level of MDA in serum were measured. Meanwhile, the cardiac injury was evaluated by histopathological examination. Compared with the severe injury of rats in PM 2.5 exposure group, the rats in vit E or Ω-3 FA-pretreated groups had a slighter injury in heart. Meanwhile, pretreatment with vit E or Ω-3 FA induced a significantly alleviation of the inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) and the elevation of the anti-oxidative activity especially in the rats pretreated with combined vit E and Ω-3 FA. In addition, the combined protecting effects of vit E and Ω-3 FA showed a dose-dependent manner. Supplementation with vit E and Ω-3 FA could protect the PM 2.5 -induced injury, and the combination of vit E and Ω-3 FA might produce more effective effects than the separate nutrient did. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Vitamin D receptor expression and potential role of vitamin D on cell proliferation and steroidogenesis in goat ovarian granulosa cells.

PubMed

Yao, Xiaolei; Zhang, Guomin; Guo, Yixuan; Ei-Samahy, Mohamed; Wang, Shuting; Wan, Yongjie; Han, Le; Liu, Zifei; Wang, Feng; Zhang, Yanli

2017-10-15

This study aimed to investigate the expression of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in goat follicles and to determine the effects of Vit D 3 supplementation on goat granulosa cells (GCs) function linked to follicular development. The results demonstrated that VDR was prominently localized in GCs, with expression increasing with follicle diameter. Addition of Vit D 3 (1α,25-(OH) 2 VD 3 ; 10 nM) to GCs caused an increase in VDR and in steroidogenic acute regulator (StAR) and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) mRNA expression. Additionally, Vit D 3 increased the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), estradiol (E 2 ), and progesterone (P 4 ) levels, while it decreased anti-müllerian hormone receptor (AMHR) and follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) mRNA expression (P < 0.05). Addition of FSH remarkably increased E 2, P 4 , and cAMP levels (P < 0.05), and Vit D 3 further enhanced the E 2 and cAMP levels in the presence of FSH (P < 0.05). Vit D 3 significantly induced the mRNA expression of CDK4 and CyclinD1, and downregulated P21 gene expression (P < 0.05). In addition, Vit D 3 significantly decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and increased the mRNA and protein expression of superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and catalase (CAT) (P < 0.05). In conclusion, VDR is expressed in GCs of the goat ovaries and Vit D 3 might play an important role in GCs proliferation by regulating cellular oxidative stress and cell cycle-related genes. Meanwhile, Vit D 3 enhances the E 2 and P 4 output of GCs by regulating the expression of 3β-HSD and StAR and the level of cAMP, which regulate steroidogenesis, supporting a potential role for Vit D 3 in follicular development. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Vitamin C mitigates oxidative/nitrosative stress and inflammation in doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy.

PubMed

Akolkar, Gauri; da Silva Dias, Danielle; Ayyappan, Prathapan; Bagchi, Ashim K; Jassal, Davinder S; Salemi, Vera Maria Cury; Irigoyen, Maria Claudia; De Angelis, Katia; Singal, Pawan K

2017-10-01

Increase in oxidative/nitrosative stress is one of the mechanisms associated with the development of cardiotoxicity due to doxorubicin (Dox), a potent chemotherapy drug. Previously, we reported mitigation of Dox-induced oxidative/nitrosative stress and apoptosis by vitamin C (Vit C) in isolated cardiomyocytes. In the present in vivo study in rats, we investigated the effect of prophylactic treatment with Vit C on Dox-induced apoptosis, inflammation, oxidative/nitrosative stress, cardiac dysfunction, and Vit C transporter proteins. Dox (cumulative dose: 15 mg/kg) in rats reduced systolic and diastolic cardiac function and caused structural damage. These changes were associated with a myocardial increase in reactive oxygen species, reduction in antioxidant enzyme activities, increased expression of apoptotic proteins, and inflammation. Dox also caused an increase in the expression of proapoptotic proteins Bax, Bnip-3, Bak, and caspase-3. An increase in oxidative/nitrosative stress attributable to Dox was indicated by an increase in superoxide, protein carbonyl formation, lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide (NO), NO synthase (NOS) activity, protein nitrosylation, and inducible NOS protein expression. Dox increased the levels of cardiac proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, whereas the expression of Vit C transporter proteins (sodium-ascorbate cotransporter 2 and glucose transporter 4) was reduced. Prophylactic and concurrent treatment with Vit C prevented all these changes and improved survival in the Vit C + Dox group. Vit C also improved Dox-mediated systolic and diastolic dysfunctions and structural damage. These results suggest a cardioprotective role of Vit C in Dox-induced cardiomyopathy by reducing oxidative/nitrosative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, as well as improving Vit C transporter proteins. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This in vivo study provides novel data that vitamin C improves cardiac structure and function in doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy by reducing oxidative/nitrosative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation along with upregulation of cardiac vitamin C transporter proteins. The latter may have a crucial role in improving antioxidant status in this cardiomyopathy. Copyright © 2017 the American Physiological Society.

Determinants of venom-specific IgE antibody concentration during long-term wasp venom immunotherapy.

PubMed

Pravettoni, Valerio; Piantanida, Marta; Primavesi, Laura; Forti, Stella; Pastorello, Elide A

2015-01-01

Venom immunotherapy (VIT) is an effective treatment for subjects with systemic allergic reactions (SR) to Hymenoptera stings, however there are few studies concerning the relevance of the venom specific IgE changes to decide about VIT cessation. We assessed IgE changes during a 5-year VIT, in patients stung and protected within the first 3 years (SP 0-3) or in the last 2 years (SP 3-5), and in patients not stung (NoS), to evaluate possible correlations between IgE changes and clinical protection. Yellow jacket venom (YJV)-allergic patients who completed 5 years of VIT were retrospectively evaluated. Baseline IgE levels and after the 3rd and the 5th year of VIT were determined; all patients were asked about field stings and SRs. A total of 232 YJV-allergic patients were included and divided into the following groups: 84 NoS, 72 SP 0-3 and 76 SP 3-5. IgE levels decreased during VIT compared to baseline values (χ(2) = 346.029, p < 0.001). Recent vespid stings accounted for significantly higher IgE levels despite clinical protection. IgE levels after 5 years of VIT correlated significantly with Mueller grade (F = 2.778, p = 0.012) and age (F = 6.672, p = 0.002). During follow-up from 1 to 10 years after VIT discontinuation, 35.2 % of the contacted patients reported at least one field sting without SR. The yellow jacket-VIT temporal stopping criterion of 5 years duration did not result in undetectable IgE levels, despite a long-lasting protection. A mean IgE decrease from 58 to 70 % was observed, and it was less marked in elderly patients or in subjects with higher Mueller grade SR.

The role of Vitamin D in immuno-inflammatory responses in Ankylosing Spondylitis patients with and without Acute Anterior Uveitis

PubMed Central

Mitulescu, TC; Stavaru, C; Voinea, LM; Banica, LM; Matache, C; Predeteanu, D

2016-01-01

Hypothesis:Abnormal Vitamin D (Vit D) level could have consequences on the immuno-inflammatory processes in Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS). Aim:The purpose of this study was to analyze the role of Vitamin D in the interplay between immune and inflammation effectors in AS associated-Acute Anterior Uveitis (AAU). Methods and Results:25-hydroxyvitamin D (Vit D), LL-37 peptide, IL-8 and Serum Amyloid A (SAA) were identified and quantified in the serum/ plasma of thirty-four AS patients [eleven AS patients presenting AAU (AAU AS patients) and twenty-three AS patients without AAU (wAAU AS patients)] and eighteen healthy individuals (Control) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Acute-phase SAA level was significantly higher in AS patients compared to Controls. Contrary with wAAU AS patients, significantly elevated levels of IL-8, and diminished levels of Vit D characterized AAU AS patients. Regarding LL-37, its level decreased concomitantly with the level of Vit D. When AS patients were subgrouped based on AAU presence or on Vit D level, important associations between immuno-inflammatory assessed markers and AS features were noticed. Generally, Vit D levels were associated indirectly with leukocytes/ neutrophils number or with ESR, CRP, and Fibrinogen levels. The levels of SAA and IL-8 associated directly with AAU or with AAU relapses, especially in AS patients with Vit D insufficiency, while SAA associated directly with infection/ inflammatory markers and with disease activity indexes or with the degree of functional limitation. Discussion:Altered levels of Vit D affect the balance between LL-37, IL-8 and SAA, suggesting an association with AAU, an extra-articular manifestation of AS. Abbreviations:Vit D = Vitamin D, AS = Ankylosing Spondylitis, AAU = Acute Anterior Uveitis, AAU AS = AS patients with AAU, wAAU AS = AS patients without AAU, SSZ = Sulphasalazine, Leu = Leukocytes, Neu = Neutrophils. PMID:27713770

The effects of vitamin C on hypothyroidism-associated learning and memory impairment in juvenile rats.

PubMed

Beheshti, Farimah; Karimi, Sareh; Vafaee, Farzaneh; Shafei, Mohammad Naser; Sadeghnia, Hamid Reza; Hadjzadeh, Mosa Al Reza; Hosseini, Mahmoud

2017-06-01

In this study the effects of Vitamin C (Vit C) on hypothyroidism-associated learning and memory impairment in juvenile rats was investigated. The pregnant rats were kept in separate cages. After delivery, they were randomly divided into six groups and treated: (1) Control; (2) Propylthiouracil (PTU) which 0.005% PTU in their drinking; (3-5) Propylthiouracil- Vit C groups; besides PTU, dams in these groups received 10, 100 and 500 mg/kg Vit C respectively, (6) one group as a positive control; the intact rats received an effective dose, 100 mg/kg Vit. C. After delivery, the pups were continued to receive the experimental treatments in their drinking water up to 56th day of their life. Ten male offspring of each group were randomly selected and tested in the Morris water maze (MWM) and passive avoidance (PA) which were started at 63th day (one week after stopping of the treatments). Brains were then removed for biochemical measurements. PTU increased time latency and traveled distance during 5 days in MWM while, reduced the spent time in target quadrant in MWM and step-trough latency (STL) in PA. PTU decreased thiol content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities in the brain while, increased molondialdehyde (MDA). In MWM test, 10, 100 and 500 mg/kg Vit C reduced time latency and traveled distance without affecting the traveling speed during 5 days. All doses of Vit C increased the spent time in target quadrant in probe trail of MWM and also increased STL in PA test. Vit C increased thiol, SOD and CAT in the brain tissues while, reduced MDA. Results of present study confirmed the beneficial effects of Vit C on learning and memory. It also demonstrated that Vit C has protective effects on hypothyroidism-associated learning and memory impairment in juvenile rats which might be elucidated by the antioxidative effects.

Vitamin K2 can suppress the expression of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4, and inhibit calcification of aortic intima in ApoE-/- mice as well as smooth muscle cells.

PubMed

Wang, Zhaojun; Wang, Zhongqun; Zhu, Jie; Long, Xinguang; Yan, Jinchuan

2018-02-01

Background and objectives Vascular calcification is a common complication in atherosclerosis. Accumulating evidence showed that Toll-like receptors (TLRs) mediate pro-inflammatory and atherosclerosis. Recent studies demonstrated that vascular calcification is one of the detrimental effects of vitamin K (Vit K) antagonists. However, the effects of Vit K on the expression of TLR2 and 4 and intimal calcification in artery remained unidentified. Methods and results Eighteen ApoE -/- mice were randomly divided into model group, Vit K-treated group, and control group. The mice of model and Vit K-treated group were fed with high-fat diet, while control group mice were fed with normal diet. Mice of Vit K-treated group were administered orally with vitamin K2 (40 mg.kg -1 .day -1 ) for 12 weeks. Twelve weeks later the aortic sections of mice were acquired and stained with hematoxylin and eosin and von Kossa, respectively. Calcium content and activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) at aortic tissues were measured. The expression levels of TLR2 and TLR4 in aorta sections were detected by immunohistochemisty and RT-PCR, respectively. The effects of Vit K on cellular calcification were further studied in A7r5 SMCs. Results demonstrated that high-fat diet induced typical atherosclerosis with intimal calcification in ApoE -/- mice, while in Vit K-treated group atherosclerosis and calcium deposits were not serious; Vit K2 also inhibited cellular calcification in A7r5 SMCs. Quantitative analysis showed that calcium and ALP activity at aortic tissues in the Vit K-treated mice were significantly lower than that of the model group ( P < 0.01); Compared to the control group, the expression levels of TLR2 and TLR4 in the model group were significantly higher ( P < 0.05), while in Vit K-treated group the levels of TLR2 and 4 were significantly lower than that in the model group. Furthermore, the content of calcium was positively related to the expression levels of TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA at aortic tissues ( r = 0.77 and r = 0.79, respectively, both P < 0.001). Conclusion VitK2 can inhibit intimal calcification of aortic artery induced by high-fat diet in ApoE -/- mice and A7r5 SMCs calcification induced by β-sodium glycerophosphate, and meanwhile can reduce the expression of TLR2 and TLR4. These results suggested that the effects of VitK2 on vascular calcification may be associated with the expression of TLR2 and TLR4.

Amelioration of Hyperglycaemia, Oxidative Stress and Dyslipidaemia in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Wistar Rats Treated with Probiotic and Vitamin C

PubMed Central

Aluwong, Tagang; Ayo, Joseph O.; Kpukple, Alkali; Oladipo, Olusola Olalekan

2016-01-01

Clinical and experimental evidence suggests that hyperglycaemia is responsible for the oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus. The study was designed to investigate the comparative effects of probiotic and vitamin C (Vit-C) treatments on hyperglycaemia, oxidative stress and dyslipidaemia in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) was induced in male Wistar rats by a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of alloxan (150 mg/kg). Six groups of the animals received the following treatment regimens for four weeks: (1) Normal saline, per os; (2) alloxan (150 mg/kg, i.p.); (3) alloxan (150 mg/kg) + insulin (4 U/kg, subcutaneously); (4) alloxan (150 mg/kg) + probiotic (4.125 × 106 CFU/100 mL per os); (5) alloxan (150 mg/kg) + Vit-C (100 mg/kg, i.m.); (6) alloxan (150 mg/kg) + probiotic (4.125 × 106 CFU/100 mL per os) + Vit-C (100 mg/kg, intramuscularly). Probiotic + Vit-C decreased (p < 0.05) blood glucose concentration in diabetic treated group, when compared with the untreated diabetic group. Probiotic + Vit-C reduced malondialdehyde concentration, in the serum, brain and kidneys, respectively, but increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Probiotic and Vit-C may be more effective than Vit-C alone, in ameliorating hyperglycaemia, oxidative stress and dyslipidaemia in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. PMID:27164129

Amelioration of Hyperglycaemia, Oxidative Stress and Dyslipidaemia in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Wistar Rats Treated with Probiotic and Vitamin C.

PubMed

Aluwong, Tagang; Ayo, Joseph O; Kpukple, Alkali; Oladipo, Olusola Olalekan

2016-05-05

Clinical and experimental evidence suggests that hyperglycaemia is responsible for the oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus. The study was designed to investigate the comparative effects of probiotic and vitamin C (Vit-C) treatments on hyperglycaemia, oxidative stress and dyslipidaemia in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) was induced in male Wistar rats by a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of alloxan (150 mg/kg). Six groups of the animals received the following treatment regimens for four weeks: (1) Normal saline, per os; (2) alloxan (150 mg/kg, i.p.); (3) alloxan (150 mg/kg) + insulin (4 U/kg, subcutaneously); (4) alloxan (150 mg/kg) + probiotic (4.125 × 10⁶ CFU/100 mL per os); (5) alloxan (150 mg/kg) + Vit-C (100 mg/kg, i.m.); (6) alloxan (150 mg/kg) + probiotic (4.125 × 10⁶ CFU/100 mL per os) + Vit-C (100 mg/kg, intramuscularly). Probiotic + Vit-C decreased (p < 0.05) blood glucose concentration in diabetic treated group, when compared with the untreated diabetic group. Probiotic + Vit-C reduced malondialdehyde concentration, in the serum, brain and kidneys, respectively, but increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Probiotic and Vit-C may be more effective than Vit-C alone, in ameliorating hyperglycaemia, oxidative stress and dyslipidaemia in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.

Walking the Line: Quality Assurance Policy Development and Implementation in Vi?t Nam

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Madden, Meggan

2014-01-01

Although Vi?t Nam's experiences with quality assurance (QA) policy development have been influenced by its relationships with, and funding from, the World Bank and regional organizations, the state-centric values of the Socialist Republic of Vi?t Nam still navigate the implementation process. The development of QA in Vietnamese higher education…

Effect of vitamin E on oxidative stress in the contralateral testis of neonatal and pubertal hemicastrated rats.

PubMed

Han, Woong Kyu; Jin, Mei Hua; Han, Sang Won

2012-02-01

To evaluate whether the antioxidant vitamin E can prevent the harmful effects of reactive oxidative stress (ROS) that occur during compensatory testicular hypertrophy (CTH). Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six equal groups: neonatal hemicastrated vitamin E (NH_Vit E/NH) and sham surgical controls (NC), and pubertal hemicastrated vitamin E (PH_Vit E/PH) and sham surgical controls (PC). Vitamin E was administered orally to the NH_Vit E and PH_Vit E groups three times a week from week 3-12 prior to sacrifice. Antioxidant enzymes were measured in testis samples from each animal. Differences in superoxide dismutase activity were observed between the NH (21.04 ± 0.48) and NH_Vit E (22.62 ± 0.64) groups (P = 0.008); the PH (20.59 ± 0.11) and PC (20.91 ± 0.20) groups (P = 0.032); and the PH (20.59 ± 0.11) and PH_Vit E (22.32 ± 1.01) groups (P = 0.008). Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance in the PH and PH_Vit E groups was 0.097 ± 0.022 and 0.036 ± 0.004 (P = 0.008), respectively; and in the NH and NH_Vit E groups it was 0.135 ± 0.02 and 0.039 ± 0.003 (P = 0.008), respectively. These results suggest that CTH is not associated with reducing oxidative injury, nor does it prevent ROS-induced cell damage. However, administration of vitamin E does reduce oxidative injury and prevent ROS-induced cell damage in a hemicastrated rat model. Copyright © 2010 Journal of Pediatric Urology Company. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Clinico-hematological and micronuclear changes induced by cypermethrin in broiler chicks: Their attenuation with vitamin E and selenium.

PubMed

Sharaf, Summaira; Khan, Ahrar; Khan, Muhammad Zargham; Aslam, Faiza; Saleemi, Muhammad Kashif; Mahmood, Fazal

2010-07-01

This study was carried out on 90 one-day-old broiler chicks to know clinico-hematological alterations, DNA damage caused by cypermethrin (CY), and attenuation of toxic effects by vitamin E (Vit E) and selenium (Se). Birds were randomly divided into five equal groups. Groups 1-4 received CY (600mlkg(-1)b.wt) daily for 30 days by crop tubing. In addition to CY, groups 2, 3 and 4 received Vit E (150mgkg(-1)b.wt), Se (0.25mgkg(-1)b.wt), and Vit E (150mgkg(-1)b.wt)+Se (0.25mgkg(-1)b.wt), respectively. Group 5 served as control. Birds were monitored twice daily for clinical signs. They were weighed and blood samples were collected at experimental days 10, 20 and 30 for hematological studies. CY-treated birds showed more prominent signs of toxicity compared to CY+Vit E, CY+Se and CY+Vit E+Se birds. Body weight in groups 1-3 was significantly (P<0.05) smaller at days 20 and 30 when compared with the control group. Significantly (P<0.001) higher numbers of micronuclei appeared in chicks treated with CY compared to CY+Vit E- and CY+Se-treated birds. Significantly decreased total erythrocyte counts (TEC), hemoglobin (Hb) concentration and packed cell volume (PCV) in all treated groups were recorded. Treated birds suffered from macrocytic hypochromic anemia. Leukocytosis in early stage and later leucopenia was seen in treated birds. It can be concluded that CY induces toxic effects in broilers chicks; however, these toxic effects can be ameliorated by Vit E or Se. Combination of Vit E and Se was more effective to ameliorate toxic effects of cypermethrin.

Protective effects of curcumin and vitamin E against chlorpyrifos-induced lung oxidative damage.

PubMed

Hassani, S; Sepand, M R; Jafari, A; Jaafari, J; Rezaee, R; Zeinali, M; Tavakoli, F; Razavi-Azarkhiavi, K

2015-06-01

There are increasing concerns regarding the toxic effects of chlorpyrifos (CPF) on human health. Curcumin (CUR) is a yellow pigment isolated from turmeric ground rhizome of Curcuma longa Linn., which has been identified as an antioxidant agent. This study was designed to examine the protective effect of CUR and vitamin E (Vit E) on CPF-induced lung toxicity. Rats were divided into seven groups: control, CPF (13.5 mg/kg, orally), CPF + CUR (100 and 300 mg/kg, respectively, orally), CPF + α-tocopherol (Vit E, 150 mg/kg, intraperitoneally), CPF and CUR (100 and 300 mg/kg, respectively) in combination with α-tocopherol. The regimens were administered once daily for 28 days. At the end of the treatment period, lungs were collected for evaluation of oxidative factors and histopathological parameters. CUR and Vit E led to a decrease in lipid peroxidation in the lungs of the CPF-injected animals (48% and 51%, respectively). Glutathione peroxidase inhibited by CPF (91.9 nmol/min/mg protein) was induced again by CUR and Vit E (167.1 and 171.8 nmol/min/mg protein). CUR and Vit E caused a significant induction of superoxide dismutase (103.4 U/mg protein). Catalase activity almost returned to normalcy in CPF-intoxicated rats subjected to CUR + Vit E treatment (p < 0.001). Lung sections from CPF-treated rats displayed histopathological damages, while coadministration of CUR and Vit E resulted in apparently normal morphology with a significant decrease in injuries (p < 0.05). Our findings revealed that coadministration of Vit E and CUR to CPF-treated animals prevents the oxidative damages in the lung tissues. © The Author(s) 2014.

A selected controlled trial of supplementary vitamin E for treatment of muscle cramps in hemodialysis patients.

PubMed

El-Hennawy, Adel S; Zaib, Salwat

2010-01-01

Muscle cramps are not uncommon complications of hemodialysis (HD) treatments and lead to early termination of HD sessions and are therefore a significant cause of under-dialysis. The etiology of cramps in dialysis patients remains a matter of debate. Many reports suggested that vitamin E (vit. E) may be effective for the prevention of HD-associated cramps. We decided to perform a selected controlled trial of supplementary vit. E for treatment of patients on HD who experience frequent attacks during and between HD sessions. The goal was to compare the number of attacks of muscle cramps with the patient's baseline over a specific period of time. In this study, 19 HD patients were randomly selected of different age groups and ethnicity. Patient must have had at least 60 attacks of muscle cramps during and between HD sessions over a 12-week period. All selected patients received vit. E at a dose of 400 international units daily for 12 weeks, and the number of attacks of muscle cramps was recorded. The frequency of muscle cramps decreased significantly during vit. E therapy, and, at the end of the trial, vit. E led to cramp reductions of 68.3%. The reduction in number of attacks of muscle cramps had no significant correlation with age, sex, etiology of end-stage renal disease, serum electrolytes, or HD duration, and it showed a statistically positive correlation (P = 0.0001) with vit. E therapy. No vit. E-related adverse effects were encountered during the trial. Short-term treatment with vit. E is safe and effective in reducing number of attacks of muscle cramps in HD patients, as shown in our study.

Effect of vitamin E on sperm parameters and DNA integrity in sodium arsenite-treated rats.

PubMed

Momeni, Hamid Reza; Eskandari, Najmeh

2012-05-01

Arsenic as an environmental toxicant is able to exert malformations in male reproductive system by inducing oxidative stress. Vitamin E (Vit.E) is known as antioxidant vitamin. The aim of this study was to investigate the harmful effects of sodium arsenite on sperm parameters and the antioxidant effects of Vit.E on sperm anomalies in sodium arsenite treated rats. Adult male rats were divided into 4 groups: control, sodium arsenite (8 mg/kg/day), Vit.E (100 mg/kg/day) and sodium arsenite+Vit.E. Oral treatments were performed till 8 weeks. Body and left testis weight were recorded and then left caudal epididymis was cut in Ham's F10. Released spermatozoa were used to analyze number, motility, viability and abnormalities of the sperm. Sperm chromatin quality was assessed by nuclear staining using acridine orange and aniline blue. Body and testis weight showed no significant change in 4 groups (p>0.05). A significant decrease in the number, motility, viability and normal sperm morphology was found in sodium arsenite-treated rats compared to the control (p<0.001). Sodium arsenite had no effect on sperm DNA integrity and histon-protamine replacement (p>0.05). In sodium arsenite+Vit.E group, Vit.E could significantly compensate the harmful effects of sodium arsenite on sperm number, motility, viability and morphology compared to sodium arsenite group. In addition, sperm viability and motility was significantly increased in rats treated with Vit.E alone compared to the control and sodium arsenite+Vit.E group. Vitamin E could compensate the adverse effects of sodium arsenite on sperm parameters in adult rats.

Vitamin E (α tocopherol) attenuates toxicity and oxidative stress induced by aflatoxin in rats.

PubMed

Yılmaz, Seval; Kaya, Emre; Comakli, Selim

2017-09-01

Aflatoxins are toxic metabolites produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus and are classified as group I carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible preventive role of vitamin E (Vit E) on aflatoxin (AF) induced toxicity by using biochemical and histopathological approaches. Wistar-Albino rats were divided into 4 groups as follows: control group, Vit E group (Vit E was administered), AFB1 group (a single dose of AFB1 was administered), AF + Vit E group (AF and Vit E were administered). The effects of Vit E on AFB1 induced tissue toxicity were evaluated by using malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, antioxidant enzyme activities, and histopathological examination in tissues. AF caused the oxidative stress by the increased MDA level and the reduced GSH level, glutathioneS-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activities in tissues. Plasma aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities, creatinine, and urea concentrations significantly increased; whereas, chloride, phosphorus, and magnesium concentrations were insignificantly affected. Plasma glucose, protein and sodium concentrations significantly decreased. Administration of AF caused hepatotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, and nephrotoxicity. As far as histopathological changes are concerned, a statistically significant difference was found in AFB1 group compared to the control group. Vit E considerably reduced plasma AST, ALT, ALP, LDH activities, and urea concentration and ameliorated the deleterious effects of AF on oxidative stress markers and pathological changes. This data indicated that the natural antioxidant Vit E might have a protective effect against AF-induced toxicity and oxidative stress.

Proteomic analysis of liver tissue from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) under high rearing density after administration of dietary vitamin E and selenium nanoparticles.

PubMed

Naderi, Mahdi; Keyvanshokooh, Saeed; Salati, Amir Parviz; Ghaedi, Alireza

2017-06-01

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of dietary vitamin E (vit E) and selenium nanoparticles (nanoSe) on liver proteome profile of rainbow trout under high density condition. To correlate the proteome modifications with physiological aspects, growth, serum metabolites (cortisol, glucose, lactate, ALT, AST, and ALP), and liver antioxidant-related parameters (SOD, GPx, CAT, and MDA) were also examined. A total of 1275 fish (average weight of 42.6±2.3g) were stocked into 12 tanks at a density of 80kgm -3 . The fish were divided into four groups according to diet: control (basal diet), vit E (500mgkg - 1 vit E-supplemented diet), nanoSe (1mgkg -1 nanoSe-supplemented diet), and combination (500mgkg -1 vit E and 1mgkg -1 nanoSe-supplemented diet). After 60days, the best performance and health status of fish were observed in vit E and combination groups. Supplementation with nanoSe had no significant effects on growth performance. In addition, we compared liver proteome profiles of fish fed with a basal diet (control) and diets supplemented with vit E or nanoSe. Among the identified proteins, GRP78, ATPsyn-d, and HSP70 had an increased abundance in the vit E group, while HPPD and GAPDH showed a decreased abundance. In response to nanoSe supplementation, the expression of MDH, FAA, FBPA, TPI, GRHPR, GNMT, FDH, and Enol was increased. The proteomic data indicate that vit E or nanoSe supplementation can alter the expression of proteins involved in metabolic status of rainbow trout reared under high rearing density. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Effect of SLCO1B1 gene polymorphisms and vitamin D on statin-induced myopathy.

PubMed

Alghalyini, Baraa; El Shamieh, Said; Salami, Ali; Visvikis Siest, Sophie; Fakhoury, Hana M; Fakhoury, Rajaa

2018-03-28

Background Statin therapy used to lower cholesterol levels results in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular complications. Previous observations in different ethnic populations showed that rs2306283A>G, p.Asn130Asp and rs4149056T>C, p.Val174Ala in solute carrier organic anion transporter 1B1 (SLCO1B1) gene encoding the organic transporter protein may be responsible for statin uptake, thus explaining the majority of statin-associated symptoms. In addition to the genetic component, vitamin D (vit D) deficiency is common in Saudi Arabia and worldwide and may cause muscle dysfunction and ache. The aim of the present study was first to reveal an effect of vit D, rs2306283A>G, and rs4149056T>C and related haplotypes on statin-associated myopathy (SAM) and then to investigate a possible interaction between low vit D levels and the above-mentioned variants. Methods The genomic DNA obtained from 50 individuals diagnosed with hypercholesterolemia was genotyped using light SNiP hybridization probes. Results Low vit D levels were associated with SAM (OR=3.6, p=0.03); however, CK levels, rs2306283A>G, and rs4149056T>C did not show any association. Interestingly, rs4149056T>C was interacting with vit D to influence SAM (p=0.02). Haplotype analysis showed that SLCO1B1 *1B and *15 were more prevalent in individuals with SAM (p=0.05). When stratified according to vit D levels, rs2306283A allele showed an increase in individuals having SAM along with low vit D (p=0.03). Conclusions Although preliminary, our results show an involvement of vit D and rs4149056T>C of SLCO1B1 in SAM.

The association of dietary vitamin C intake with periodontitis among Korean adults: Results from KNHANES Ⅳ

PubMed Central

Kim, Eun-Jeong; Ahn, Yoo-Been

2017-01-01

Backgrounds The association of dietary vitamin C (vit C) on periodontitis requires more valid evidence from large representative samples to enable sufficient adjustments. This study aimed to evaluate the association between dietary vit C intake and periodontitis after controlling for various confounders in the representative Korean adult population Method A total of 10,930 Korean adults (≥19 years) from the fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data set were included in this cross-sectional study. Periodontitis was defined as community periodontal index score of 3 or 4. Dietary vit C intake was estimated from a 24-hour dietary record, and categorized into adequate and inadequate according to the Korean Estimated Average Requirement value. Potential confounders included age, sex, income, frequency of tooth brushing, use of floss, dental visit, drinking, smoking, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, and obesity. A multivariable logistic regression analysis and stratified analysis were applied. Results Those with inadequate dietary vit C intake were more likely by 1.16 times to have periodontitis than those with adequate dietary vit C intake (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.16, 95% confidence interval = 1.04–1.29). Lowest and middle-low quartile of dietary vit C intake, compared to highest quartile of dietary vit C intake, showed significant association (aOR = 1.28 and 1.22 respectively), which was in a biological-gradient relationship (trend-p <0.05). Conclusions Our data showed that inadequate dietary vit C intake was independently associated with periodontitis among Korean adults. Hence, adequate intake of dietary vitamin C could be substantially important on the promotion of periodontal health among Korean adults. PMID:28489936

Chronic vitamin E deficiency impairs cognitive function in adult zebrafish via dysregulation of brain lipids and energy metabolism.

PubMed

McDougall, Melissa; Choi, Jaewoo; Magnusson, Kathy; Truong, Lisa; Tanguay, Robert; Traber, Maret G

2017-11-01

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are a recognized model for studying the pathogenesis of cognitive deficits and the mechanisms underlying behavioral impairments, including the consequences of increased oxidative stress within the brain. The lipophilic antioxidant vitamin E (α-tocopherol; VitE) has an established role in neurological health and cognitive function, but the biological rationale for this action remains unknown. In the present study, we investigated behavioral perturbations due to chronic VitE deficiency in adult zebrafish fed from 45 days to 18-months of age diets that were either VitE-deficient (E-) or VitE-sufficient (E+). We hypothesized that E- zebrafish would display cognitive impairments associated with elevated lipid peroxidation and metabolic disruptions in the brain. Quantified VitE levels at 18-months in E- brains (5.7 ± 0.1 nmol/g tissue) were ~20-times lower than in E+ (122.8 ± 1.1; n = 10/group). Using assays of both associative (avoidance conditioning) and non-associative (habituation) learning, we found E- vs E+ fish were learning impaired. These functional deficits occurred concomitantly with the following observations in adult E- brains: decreased concentrations of and increased peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (especially docosahexaenoic acid, DHA), altered brain phospholipid and lysophospholipid composition, as well as perturbed energy (glucose/ketone), phosphatidylcholine and choline/methyl-donor metabolism. Collectively, these data suggest that chronic VitE deficiency leads to neurological dysfunction through multiple mechanisms that become dysregulated secondary to VitE deficiency. Apparently, the E- animals alter their metabolism to compensate for the VitE deficiency, but these compensatory mechanisms are insufficient to maintain cognitive function. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Estimated Nutritive Value of Low-Price Model Lunch Sets Provided to Garment Workers in Cambodia

PubMed Central

Makurat, Jan; Pillai, Aarati; Wieringa, Frank T.; Chamnan, Chhoun; Krawinkel, Michael B.

2017-01-01

Background: The establishment of staff canteens is expected to improve the nutritional situation of Cambodian garment workers. The objective of this study is to assess the nutritive value of low-price model lunch sets provided at a garment factory in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Methods: Exemplary lunch sets were served to female workers through a temporary canteen at a garment factory in Phnom Penh. Dish samples were collected repeatedly to examine mean serving sizes of individual ingredients. Food composition tables and NutriSurvey software were used to assess mean amounts and contributions to recommended dietary allowances (RDAs) or adequate intake of energy, macronutrients, dietary fiber, vitamin C (VitC), iron, vitamin A (VitA), folate and vitamin B12 (VitB12). Results: On average, lunch sets provided roughly one third of RDA or adequate intake of energy, carbohydrates, fat and dietary fiber. Contribution to RDA of protein was high (46% RDA). The sets contained a high mean share of VitC (159% RDA), VitA (66% RDA), and folate (44% RDA), but were low in VitB12 (29% RDA) and iron (20% RDA). Conclusions: Overall, lunches satisfied recommendations of caloric content and macronutrient composition. Sets on average contained a beneficial amount of VitC, VitA and folate. Adjustments are needed for a higher iron content. Alternative iron-rich foods are expected to be better suited, compared to increasing portions of costly meat/fish components. Lunch provision at Cambodian garment factories holds the potential to improve food security of workers, approximately at costs of <1 USD/person/day at large scale. Data on quantitative total dietary intake as well as physical activity among workers are needed to further optimize the concept of staff canteens. PMID:28754003

Maternal vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy prevents vitamin D deficiency in the newborn: an open-label randomized controlled trial.

PubMed

Rodda, C P; Benson, J E; Vincent, A J; Whitehead, C L; Polykov, A; Vollenhoven, B

2015-09-01

To determine whether maternal vitamin D supplementation, in the vitamin D deficient mother, prevents neonatal vitamin D deficiency. Open-label randomized controlled trial. Metropolitan Melbourne, Australia, tertiary hospital routine antenatal outpatient clinic. Seventy-eight women with singleton pregnancies with vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency (serum 25-OH Vit D < 75 nmol/l) at their first antenatal appointment at 12-16-week gestation were recruited. Participants were randomized to vitamin D supplementation (2000-4000 IU cholecalciferol) orally daily until delivery or no supplementation. The primary outcome was neonatal serum 25-OH vit D concentration at delivery. The secondary outcome was maternal serum 25-OH vit D concentration at delivery. Baseline mean maternal serum 25-OH vit D concentrations were similar (P = 0·9) between treatment (32 nmol/l, 95% confidence interval 26-39 nmol/l) and control groups (33 nmol/l, 95% CI 26-39 nmol/l). Umbilical cord serum 25-OH vit D concentrations at delivery were higher (P < 0·0001) in neonates of treatment group mothers (81 nmol/l, 95% CI; 70-91 nmol/l) compared with neonates of control group mothers (42 nmol/l, 95% CI; 34-50 nmol/l) with a strongly positive correlation between maternal serum 25-OH Vit D and umbilical cord serum 25-OH vit D concentrations at delivery (Spearman rank correlation coefficient 0·88; P < 0·0001). Mean maternal serum 25-OH Vit D concentrations at delivery were higher (P < 0·0001) in the treatment group (71 nmol/l, 95% CI; 62-81 nmol/l) compared with the control group (36 nmol/l, 95% CI; 29-42 nmol/l). Vitamin D supplementation of vitamin D deficient pregnant women prevents neonatal vitamin D deficiency. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Intestinal pH and Absorption and Deposition of Ca 47 in the Rachitic Chick

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wasserman, R H; Taylor, A N

The effect of pH of the dosing solution on the relative tibia deposition of Ca 47 absorbed from the duodenum of rachitic and vit. D-treated chicks was examined. Vit. D had its usual enhancing effect on Ca 47 absorption; however, it was observed that the percent absorbed Ca47 deposited in tibia varied with intraduodenal pH and vit. D-status of the chick. At low pH values (1.9, 2.0), there were no differences in the percent of duodenally absorbed Ca 47 accumulated by tibia in rachitic or vit. D-treated chicks whereas, at high pH values, proportionally less of the absorbed Ca 47more » was deposited in rachitic tibia; pH was without effect on uptake of Ca 47 by tibia in the vit. D-treated birds.« less

Green Tea Polyphenols and Vitamin D3 Protect Bone Microarchitecture in Female Rats with Chronic Inflammation

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Our recent study showed that green tea polyphenols (GTP) in conjunction with 1-a-OH¬vit-D3 (vitD3) treatment mitigates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced bone mineral density loss in female rats. This study was undertaken to further explore the mechanism and bone microarchitecture of GTP plus vitD3 in...

[Tuberculosis: plasma levels of vitamin D and its relation with infection and disease].

PubMed

Esteve Palau, Erika; Sánchez Martínez, Francesca; Knobel Freud, Hernando; López Colomés, José-Luís; Diez Pérez, Adolfo

2015-02-02

Vitamin D (vitD) is involved in the phosphor-calcium metabolism and bone pathology, but also in inflammatory and infectious processes such as tuberculosis. The present study evaluates the clinical and epidemiological aspects of active tuberculosis cases and latently infected contacts in whom plasma concentrations of vitD were obtained to determine whether the deficiency of vitD is a risk factor to develop active tuberculosis, especially the more severe forms. Observational, retrospective study that included 86 tuberculosis patients and 80 contacts with latent infection in a 2-year period. When comparing active tuberculosis cases with latent infection contacts, deficiency of vitD (vitD levels <10 ng/mL, odds ratio [OR]: 2.02, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04 to 3.93), male sex (OR: 1.9, 95% CI: 0.96 to 3.71) and non-white race (OR: 0.7, 95% CI: 0.34 to 1.42) were factors independently associated with the diagnosis of tuberculosis. Despite the limited number of subjects studied, there was a association between severe deficit of vitD and the presentation of tuberculosis. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

Physicochemical characterization of native and modified sodium caseinate- Vitamin A complexes.

PubMed

Gupta, Chitra; Arora, Sumit; Syama, M A; Sharma, Apurva

2018-04-01

Native and modified sodium caseinate- Vitamin A complexes {Sodium caseinate- Vit A complex by stirring (NaCas-VA ST), succinylated sodium caseinate- Vit A complex by stirring (SNaCas-VA ST), reassembled sodium caseinate- Vit A complex (RNaCas-VA) and reassembled succinylated sodium caseinate- Vit A complex (RSNaCas-VA)} were prepared and characterized for their physicochemical characteristics e.g. particle size, zeta potential, turbidity analysis and tryptophan intensities which confirmed structural modification of both native (NaCas-VA ST) and modified (SNaCas-VA ST, RNaCas-VA and RSNaCas- VA) proteins upon complex formation with vitamin A. Binding of vitamin A to milk protein reduced the turbidity caused by vitamin A, however, the particle size and zeta potential of milk protein increased after complexation. Microstructure details of NaCas (spray dried) showed uniform spherical structure, however, other milk proteins and milk protein- Vit A complexes (freeze dried) showed broken glass and flaky structures. Tiny particles were observed on the surface of reassembled protein and reassembled protein- Vit A complexes. Binding of vitamin A to milk protein did not have an influence on the electrophoretic mobility and elution profile (RP-HPLC). Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Correlation between serum 25(OH)D values and lupus disease activity: an original article and a systematic review with meta-analysis focusing on serum VitD confounders.

PubMed

Sahebari, M; Nabavi, N; Salehi, M

2014-10-01

Notwithstanding that several original studies and some systematic reviews have been undertaken on the subject "correlation between serum values of vitamin D (VitD) and lupus disease activity," there is still no consensus on the importance of sectional measurement of serum VitD in the prediction of disease activity and important confounders in estimation of serum VitD. Medline, Web of Knowledge, and Scopus databases were searched from 1995 to 2013. The following medical subject heading (MeSH) terms and/or text words were used: "Vitamin D" OR "25OHD" OR "25(OH)D" combined with "systemic lupus erythematosus" OR "lupus" OR "SLE." References cited in the identified articles were also manually searched. Human studies in any language were included. Original research on this topic was also carried out on 82 lupus patients, considering important VitD confounders according to our systematic review and we included them in the meta-analysis. A total of 35 studies were registered for this study. Only 11 of these pointed to this correlation by Pearson test. The pooled Pearson correlation (r) of associations between disease activity and VitD was -0.365 (95% CI: -0.536, -0.165) with significant heterogeneity (p = 0.001 I (2 )= 93%). Sensitivity analysis resulted in no significant differences. The most important adjustable confounders considered by researchers were drugs, especially hydroxychloroquine, prednisolone and supplementary VitD, body mass index (BMI) and proteinuria or renal function. Only proteinuria was reported to influence VitD concentration strongly. BMI was another probable influencing factor. Our original research presented no correlation between VitD and SLEDAI (p = 0.68, r s = 0.003). This meta-analysis demonstrated that most of the studies on the relationship between VitD and lupus disease activity that found no correlation did not present the details of the statistics. However, analyzing 11 studies, most of which found a reverse correlation and reported it in detail, and our study found a weak reverse correlation between those two items. Systematic review of confounders showed that BMI, medications and kidney involvement were the most remarkable ones reported by researchers. © The Author(s) 2014 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav.

HRT and Vit D in prevention of non-vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women; a 5 year randomized trial.

PubMed

Komulainen, Marja H; Kröger, Heikki; Tuppurainen, Marjo T; Heikkinen, Anna-Mari; Alhava, Esko; Honkanen, Risto; Saarikoski, Seppo

2008-01-01

We investigated the incidence of new non-vertebral fractures during HRT or low-dose vitamin (Vit) D3 supplementation in a 5-year prospective trial. A total of 464 early postmenopausal women, (a subgroup of the Kuopio Osteoporosis Study, n = 13100) were randomized to four groups: (1) HRT, a sequential combination of 2 mg estradiol valerate and 1 mg cyproterone acetate; (2) Vit D (300 IU/day and 100 IU/day during the fifth year); (3) HRT + Vit D; and (4) placebo. Lumbar (L2-4) and femoral neck bone mineral densities (BMD) were determined by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at baseline, after 2.5 and 5 years of treatment. All new symptomatic non-vertebral, radiographically defined fractures were recorded. Altogether, 368 women (79%) completed the 5 year treatment. In all, 32 women had 39 non-vertebral fractures during a mean of 4.3 year follow-up (HRT 4, Vit D 10, HRT + Vit D 8 and placebo 17). The reduction in the incidence of new non-verterbral fractures was significant in women with HRT alone (P = 0.032) when adjusted by baseline BMD and previous fractures; observed also with the intention-to-treat principle (P = 0.048). When the HRT groups were pooled, HRT showed a significantly lower incidence of new non-vertebral fractures (P = 0.042) than women receiving placebo and also after adjusting as above (P = 0.016); both in valid-case and in the intention-to-treat analysis. In the Vit D group, the fracture incidence was non-significantly decreased (P = 0.229) in comparison with the placebo group. The estimated risk of new non-vertebral fractures among women treated with HRT alone was 0.29 (95% CI, 0.10-0.90) and with Vit D 0.47 (95% CI, 0.20-1.14) and with HRT + Vit D 0.44 (95% CI, 0.17-1.15), in comparison with the placebo group (adjusted by femoral BMD and previous fractures). This study is the first prospective trial confirming the beneficial effect of HRT on prevention of peripheral fractures in non-osteoporotic postmenopausal women. The effect of low-dose Vit D remains to be proved.

Overexpression of Arabidopsis VIT1 increases accumulation of iron in cassava roots and stems.

PubMed

Narayanan, Narayanan; Beyene, Getu; Chauhan, Raj Deepika; Gaitán-Solis, Eliana; Grusak, Michael A; Taylor, Nigel; Anderson, Paul

2015-11-01

Iron is extremely abundant in the soil, but its uptake in plants is limited due to low solubility in neutral or alkaline soils. Plants can rely on rhizosphere acidification to increase iron solubility. AtVIT1 was previously found to be involved in mediating vacuolar sequestration of iron, which indicates a potential application for iron biofortification in crop plants. Here, we have overexpressed AtVIT1 in the starchy root crop cassava using a patatin promoter. Under greenhouse conditions, iron levels in mature cassava storage roots showed 3-4 times higher values when compared with wild-type plants. Significantly, the expression of AtVIT1 showed a positive correlation with the increase in iron concentration of storage roots. Conversely, young leaves of AtVIT1 transgenic plants exhibit characteristics of iron deficiency such as interveinal chlorosis of leaves (yellowing) and lower iron concentration when compared with the wild type plants. Interestingly, the AtVIT1 transgenic plants showed 4 and 16 times higher values of iron concentration in the young stem and stem base tissues, respectively. AtVIT1 transgenic plants also showed 2-4 times higher values of iron content when compared with wild-type plants, with altered partitioning of iron between source and sink tissues. These results demonstrate vacuolar iron sequestration as a viable transgenic strategy to biofortify crops and to help eliminate micronutrient malnutrition in at-risk human populations. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

The effects of vitamin E on brain derived neurotrophic factor, tissues oxidative damage and learning and memory of juvenile hypothyroid rats.

PubMed

Baghcheghi, Yousef; Beheshti, Farimah; Shafei, Mohammad Naser; Salmani, Hossein; Sadeghnia, Hamid Reza; Soukhtanloo, Mohammad; Anaeigoudari, Akbar; Hosseini, Mahmoud

2018-06-01

The effects of vitamin E (Vit E) on brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and brain tissues oxidative damage as well as on learning and memory impairments in juvenile hypothyroid rats were examined. The rats were grouped as: (1) Control; (2) Propylthiouracil (PTU); (3) PTU-Vit E and (4) Vit E. PTU was added to their drinking water (0.05%) during 6 weeks. Vit E (20 mg/kg) was daily injected (IP). Morris water maze (MWM) and passive avoidance (PA) were carried out. The animals were deeply anesthetized and the brain tissues were removed for biochemical measurements. PTU increased the escape latency and traveled path in MWM (P < 0.001). It also shortened the latency to enter the dark compartment of PA as well as the time spent in the target quadrant in probe trial of MWM (P < 0.01-P < 0.001). All the effects of PTU were reversed by Vit E (P < 0.01-P < 0.001). PTU administration attenuated thiol and BDNF content as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in the brain tissues while increased molondialdehyde (MDA). Moreover, Vit E improved BDNF, thiol, SOD and CAT while diminished MDA. The results of the present study showed that Vit E improved BDNF and prevented from brain tissues oxidative damage as well as learning and memory impairments in juvenile hypothyroid rats.

Application of alkyl polyglycoside surfactant in ultrasonic-assisted extraction followed by macroporous resin enrichment for the separation of vitexin-2″-O-rhamnoside and vitexin from Crataegus pinnatifida leaves.

PubMed

Han, Feng; Guo, Yupin; Gu, Huiyan; Li, Fenglan; Hu, Baozhong; Yang, Lei

2016-02-15

An alkyl polyglycoside (APG) surfactant was used in ultrasonic-assisted extraction to effectively extract vitexin-2″-O-rhamnoside (VOR) and vitexin (VIT) from Crataegus pinnatifida leaves. APG0810 was selected as the surfactant. The extraction process was optimized for ultrasonic power, the APG concentration, ultrasonic time, soaking time, and liquid-solid ratio. The proposed approach showed good recovery (99.80-102.50% for VOR and 98.83-103.19% for VIT) and reproducibility (relative standard deviation, n=5; 3.7% for VOR and 4.2% for VIT) for both components. The proposed sample preparation method is both simple and effective. The use of APG for extraction of key herbal ingredients shows great potential. Ten widely used commercial macroporous resins were evaluated in a screening study to identify a suitable resin for the separation and purification of VOR and VIT. After comparing static and dynamic adsorption and desorption processes, HPD100B was selected as the most suitable resin. After column adsorption and desorption on this resin, the target compounds VOR and VIT can be effectively separated from the APG0810 extraction solution. Recoveries of VOR and VIT were 89.27%±0.42% and 85.29%±0.36%, respectively. The purity of VOR increased from 35.0% to 58.3% and the purity of VIT increased from 12.5% to 19.9%. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Mastocytosis and insect venom allergy: diagnosis, safety and efficacy of venom immunotherapy.

PubMed

Niedoszytko, M; de Monchy, J; van Doormaal, J J; Jassem, E; Oude Elberink, J N G

2009-09-01

The most important causative factor for anaphylaxis in mastocytosis are insect stings. The purpose of this review is to analyse the available data concerning prevalence, diagnosis, safety and effectiveness of venom immunotherapy (VIT) in mastocytosis patients. If data were unclear, authors were contacted personally for further information. Quality of evidence (A: high, B: moderate, C: low and D: very low) and strength of recommendation (strong 1 and weak 2) concerning VIT in mastocytosis patients are assessed according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation and are marked in square brackets. Results of VIT were described in 117 patients to date. The mean rate of side-effects during treatment in studies published so far is 23.9% (7.6% requiring adrenaline) with an overall protection rate of 72%. Based on the review we conclude that (1) mastocytosis patients have a high risk of severe sting reactions in particular to yellow jacket, (2) VIT could be suggested [2] in mastocytosis, (3) probably should be done life long [2], (4) VIT in mastocytosis is accompanied by a higher frequency of side-effects, so (5) special precautions should be taken into account notably during the built up phase of the therapy [2], (6) VIT is able to reduce systemic reactions, but to a lesser extent compared to the general insect venom allergic population [2], so (7) patients should be warned that the efficacy of VIT might be less than optimal and they should continue carrying two adrenaline auto injectors [2].

Vitexin protects dopaminergic neurons in MPTP-induced Parkinson’s disease through PI3K/Akt signaling pathway

PubMed Central

Hu, Ming; Li, Fangming; Wang, Weidong

2018-01-01

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease which is characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Methods In this study, the neuroprotective effect of vitexin (Vit), a flavonoid compound isolated from Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge was examined in PD models both in vitro and in vivo. Results On SH-SY5Y cells, methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP+) treatment suppressed cell viability, induced apoptosis, and increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and caspase-3 activity. However, Vit improved these parameters induced by MPP+ treatment significantly. Further study disclosed that Vit enhanced the phosphorylation of PI3K and Akt which was downregulated by MPP+ in SH-SY5Y cells, the effect of which could be blocked by PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and activated by PI3K activator IGF-1. Moreover, results from the pole test and traction test suggested that Vit pretreatment prevented bradykinesia and alleviated the initial lesions caused by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in MPTP-treated mouse PD model. Vit also enhanced the activation of PI3K and Akt and suppressed the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and caspase-3 activity in MPTP-treated mice. Conclusion Taken together, this study demonstrated that Vit protected dopaminergic neurons against MPP+/MPTP-induced neurotoxicity through the activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Our findings may facilitate the clinical application of Vit in the therapy of PD. PMID:29588573

L-arginine and Vitamin D Adjunctive Therapies in Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

PubMed Central

Ralph, Anna P.; Waramori, Govert; Pontororing, Gysje J.; Kenangalem, Enny; Wiguna, Andri; Tjitra, Emiliana; Sandjaja; Lolong, Dina B.; Yeo, Tsin W.; Chatfield, Mark D.; Soemanto, Retno K.; Bastian, Ivan; Lumb, Richard; Maguire, Graeme P.; Eisman, John; Price, Ric N.; Morris, Peter S.; Kelly, Paul M.; Anstey, Nicholas M.

2013-01-01

Background Vitamin D (vitD) and L-arginine have important antimycobacterial effects in humans. Adjunctive therapy with these agents has the potential to improve outcomes in active tuberculosis (TB). Methods In a 4-arm randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled factorial trial in adults with smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in Timika, Indonesia, we tested the effect of oral adjunctive vitD 50,000 IU 4-weekly or matching placebo, and L-arginine 6.0 g daily or matching placebo, for 8 weeks, on proportions of participants with negative 4-week sputum culture, and on an 8-week clinical score (weight, FEV1, cough, sputum, haemoptysis). All participants with available endpoints were included in analyses according to the study arm to which they were originally assigned. Adults with new smear-positive PTB were eligible. The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00677339. Results 200 participants were enrolled, less than the intended sample size: 50 received L-arginine + active vitD, 49 received L-arginine + placebo vit D, 51 received placebo L-arginine + active vitD and 50 received placebo L-arginine + placebo vitD. According to the factorial model, 99 people received arginine, 101 placebo arginine, 101 vitamin D, 99 placebo vitamin D. Results for the primary endpoints were available in 155 (4-week culture) and 167 (clinical score) participants. Sputum culture conversion was achieved by week 4 in 48/76 (63%) participants in the active L-arginine versus 48/79 (61%) in placebo L-arginine arms (risk difference −3%, 95% CI −19 to 13%), and in 44/75 (59%) in the active vitD versus 52/80 (65%) in the placebo vitD arms (risk difference 7%, 95% CI −9 to 22%). The mean clinical outcome score also did not differ between study arms. There were no effects of the interventions on adverse event rates including hypercalcaemia, or other secondary outcomes. Conclusion Neither vitD nor L-arginine supplementation, at the doses administered and with the power attained, affected TB outcomes. Registry ClinicalTrials.gov. Registry number: NCT00677339 PMID:23967066

Are the optimum levels of the catalase and vitamin E in rooster semen extender after freezing-thawing influenced by sperm concentration?

PubMed

Moghbeli, Morteza; Kohram, Hamid; Zare-Shahaneh, Ahmad; Zhandi, Mahdi; Sharafi, Mohsen; Nabi, Mohammad Mehdi; Zahedi, Vahid; Sharideh, Hossein

2016-06-01

To date, there has no report to evaluate the interaction effects of antioxidant and sperm concentration in rooster semen cryopreservation. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of vitamin E (VitE) and catalase (CAT) at different sperm concentrations on the rooster post-thawed sperm quality. Semen samples were collected twice a week from ten roosters (ROS 308) and diluted according to experimental treatments. The treatments consist of different sperm concentrations (200, 400 and 600 × 106 sperm/mL) with supplementation VitE (5 μg/mL; VitE200, VitE400, and VitE600, respectively) or CAT (100 IU/mL; CAT200, CAT400, CAT600, respectively) and without antioxidants [Control (Con); Con200, Con400, Con600, respectively]. After thawing, motion characteristics were assessed using a CASA system. Plasma membrane integrity and malondialdehyde (MDA) level were evaluated with Hypoosmotic swelling test (HOST) and Thiobarbituric acid (TBA), respectively. The higher percentage of total motility, progressive motility, viability and membrane integrity were obtained in VitE400 (81.16 ± 1.21, 18.44 ± 1.19, 85.47 ± 1.07, 86.91 ± 1.16, respectively) and CAT400 (79.38 ± 1.21, 17.19 ± 1.19, 83.42 ± 1.07, 85.73 ± 1.16, respectively) compared to control groups. Moreover, the lowest percentage of MDA was measured in VitE400, VitE600 and CAT400 rather than other groups (1.489, 1.500, 1.510 ± 0.06, respectively). In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrate that VitE (5 μg/mL) and CAT (100 IU/mL) independently at sperm concentration, 400 million sperm/mL could beneficial effect for preservation of rooster semen during cryopreservation. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Effect of vitamin E and selenium nanoparticles on post-thaw variables and oxidative status of rooster semen.

PubMed

Safa, Soroush; Moghaddam, Gholamali; Jozani, Raziallah Jafari; Daghigh Kia, Hossein; Janmohammadi, Hossein

2016-11-01

This study was conducted to determine the combined effects of adding vitamin E (VitE) and selenium nanoparticle (Nano-Se) as antioxidant supplements to rooster semen extender for freezing. Semen samples were collected from 12 White Leghorn roosters and pooled. Subsequently, the samples were divided into nine equal groups using modified Beltsville extender. Extenders were supplemented with either two amounts of VitE (5 and 10μg/mL) or two amounts of Nano-Se (1% and 2%) or a combination of both VitE and Nano-Se, and no antioxidants extender (control group). Using 5μg/mL VitE and 1% of Nano-Se improved (P<0.05) total sperm motility (79.28±3.86%), progressive sperm motility (18.03±1.02%), sperm viability (81.46±2.16%) and integrity of the sperm membrane (77.21±2.12%) after the freeze-thawing process compared with control group (54.08±3.86%, 10.96±1.02%, 60.53±2.16%, and 54.47±2.12%; respectively). Also, extenders supplemented with 5μg/mL Vit E or 5μg/mL VitE and 1% Nano-Se had a lesser malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration compared to control extender (1.15±0.32, and 1.29±0.32, respectively). Total abnormal morphology of sperm was decreased (P<0.05) by adding 5 or 10μg/mL VitE alone or in combined with 1% or 2% Nano-Se. Moreover, extenders containing Nano-Se demonstrated greater glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity compared to other extenders. Catalase (CAT) activity was greater in extender supplemented with 10μg/mL VitE and 2% Nano-Se. Moreover, higher TAC was observed in extenders supplemented with VitE and Nano-Se. It can be concluded that addition of 5μg/mL vitamin E in combined with 1% Nano-Se improved the post-thawing quality and oxidative variables of rooster semen. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

L-arginine and vitamin D adjunctive therapies in pulmonary tuberculosis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

PubMed

Ralph, Anna P; Waramori, Govert; Pontororing, Gysje J; Kenangalem, Enny; Wiguna, Andri; Tjitra, Emiliana; Sandjaja; Lolong, Dina B; Yeo, Tsin W; Chatfield, Mark D; Soemanto, Retno K; Bastian, Ivan; Lumb, Richard; Maguire, Graeme P; Eisman, John; Price, Ric N; Morris, Peter S; Kelly, Paul M; Anstey, Nicholas M

2013-01-01

Vitamin D (vitD) and L-arginine have important antimycobacterial effects in humans. Adjunctive therapy with these agents has the potential to improve outcomes in active tuberculosis (TB). In a 4-arm randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled factorial trial in adults with smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in Timika, Indonesia, we tested the effect of oral adjunctive vitD 50,000 IU 4-weekly or matching placebo, and L-arginine 6.0 g daily or matching placebo, for 8 weeks, on proportions of participants with negative 4-week sputum culture, and on an 8-week clinical score (weight, FEV1, cough, sputum, haemoptysis). All participants with available endpoints were included in analyses according to the study arm to which they were originally assigned. Adults with new smear-positive PTB were eligible. The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00677339. 200 participants were enrolled, less than the intended sample size: 50 received L-arginine + active vitD, 49 received L-arginine + placebo vit D, 51 received placebo L-arginine + active vitD and 50 received placebo L-arginine + placebo vitD. According to the factorial model, 99 people received arginine, 101 placebo arginine, 101 vitamin D, 99 placebo vitamin D. Results for the primary endpoints were available in 155 (4-week culture) and 167 (clinical score) participants. Sputum culture conversion was achieved by week 4 in 48/76 (63%) participants in the active L-arginine versus 48/79 (61%) in placebo L-arginine arms (risk difference -3%, 95% CI -19 to 13%), and in 44/75 (59%) in the active vitD versus 52/80 (65%) in the placebo vitD arms (risk difference 7%, 95% CI -9 to 22%). The mean clinical outcome score also did not differ between study arms. There were no effects of the interventions on adverse event rates including hypercalcaemia, or other secondary outcomes. Neither vitD nor L-arginine supplementation, at the doses administered and with the power attained, affected TB outcomes. ClinicalTrials.gov. Registry number: NCT00677339.

Overcoming severe adverse reactions to venom immunotherapy using anti-IgE antibodies in combination with a high maintenance dose.

PubMed

Stretz, E; Oppel, E M; Räwer, H-C; Chatelain, R; Mastnik, S; Przybilla, B; Ruëff, F

2017-12-01

An omalizumab treatment and a high maintenance venom dose may both help to prevent recurrent systemic allergic reactions (SAR) to venom immunotherapy (VIT). The effectiveness of this combination therapy, however, is unclear. We wanted to explore the possibility whether a temporary treatment with the anti-IgE antibody omalizumab combined with a VIT using an elevated maintenance dose of >100 μg venom may establish a permanent tolerance of maintenance VIT. For this retrospective case series, we scoured our institutional data base for patients who had had an insect venom allergy, and in whom it had not been possible to continue VIT because of repeated unstoppable SAR during maintenance VIT. Patients were divided into those who had received the combination therapy (omalizumab group) and those who had not received omalizumab because its costs could not be covered (controls). Guided by the total IgE level and by body weight, omalizumab had been given subcutaneously 5, 3 and 1 weeks before VIT had been restarted. Three to 6 months after an elevated maintenance dose (200-300 μg venom) had been reached, omalizumab had been stopped. Between 2006 and 2011, 15 patients had qualified for an off-label use of omalizumab: 10 patients had received the combination therapy, and 5 patients had remained without such a therapy. The combination therapy leads to a durable tolerance of VIT in all patients even after omalizumab had been discontinued (median of follow-up time 5.8 years, IQR 2.7-8.6 years). Sting challenge tests were tolerated by all of the re-stung omalizumab patients (n = 8). In all controls, VIT had to be stopped permanently due to repeated SARs (P < .001 vs omalizumab group). Combining a temporary omalizumab therapy with an elevated maintenance dose seems a promising approach to achieve a tolerance of treatment in patients with a recurrent SAR to VIT. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Influence of graded levels of calcium and vitamin K in the diets of laying hens during the growing phase and their effects on the laying phase.

PubMed

Souza, C; Santos, T C; Murakami, A E; Iwaki, L C V; Mello, J F

2017-10-01

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of vitamin K (vit K) and Ca in the diets of laying hens on bone and blood parameters and performance during the growing phase and the effects on the laying phase up to 32 weeks. The study utilized 120 Hy-Line W-36 pullets in the growing phase (13-18 weeks), 80 laying hens in the production phase (20-32 weeks), distributed in a completely randomized design in a 2 × 5 factorial arrangement, two levels of Ca (0.8 and 1.4%) and five levels of vit K supplementation (0, 2, 8, 16 and 32 mg/kg) with four experimental units. An experimental diet was fed during the growing phase, and the commercial diet was fed during the production phase and were analysed for biochemistry and bone variables at 18 and 32 weeks. In pullets, a significant interaction of levels of vit K and Ca was observed for total serum calcium (mg/dl), Seedor index, Ca in the bones (%) and medullary bone (%). Pullets at 18 weeks of age, receiving diets with 1.4% Ca, displayed a quadratic effect of vit K with better results for these variables with 17.86, 14.59, 14.48 and 16.80 mg/kg of vit K, respectively. For level 0.8% Ca no effect of vit K was observed. The treatments during the growing phase had no effect on egg production, performance and biochemistry serum until 32 weeks. Medullary bone (%), there was a significant interaction for 1.4% Ca and a quadratic effect for vit K, with greater medullary bone areas observed with 6.09 mg/kg vit K in the diet. Supplementation with vit K in a diet with 1.4% Ca during the growing phase allowed for an increase in the area of medullary bone at 18 weeks, which was maintained until 32 weeks. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition © 2016 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.

Influence of vitamin E on organic matter fermentation, ruminal protein and fatty acid metabolism, protozoa concentrations and transfer of fatty acids.

PubMed

Schäfers, Stephanie; Meyer, Ulrich; von Soosten, Dirk; Krey, Britta; Hüther, Liane; Tröscher, Arnulf; Pelletier, Wolf; Kienberger, Hermine; Rychlik, Michael; Dänicke, Sven

2018-06-19

Vitamin E (Vit. E) is discussed to influence ruminal biohydrogenation. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of a Vit. E supplementation on rumen fermentation characteristics, ruminal microbial protein synthesis as well as ruminal organic matter fermentation. Furthermore, we aimed to investigate the influence of Vit. E supplementation on short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and protozoa concentrations in the rumen and, in addition, on transfer rates of middle-chain and long-chain fatty acids into the duodenum in lactating dairy cows. Eight rumen and duodenum fistulated German Holstein cows were assigned to either a group receiving 2,327 IU/d Vit. E (138.6 IU/kg DM DL-α-tocopherylacetate; n = 4) or a control group (23.1 IU/kg DM; n = 4). Neither ruminal protein synthesis nor organic matter fermentation was influenced by treatment. Vit. E did not act on the concentrations of short-chain fatty acids and protozoa in rumen fluid. Duodenal flow of C13:0 (1.3 versus 0.2 g/d, p = 0.014) and iso-C14:0 (1.0 versus 0.5 g/d, p = 0.050) was higher in the Vit. E group. We observed a trend for higher duodenal flows for C12:0 (1.6 versus 0.9 g/d, p = 0.095) and anteiso-C15:0 (12.2 versus 8.9 g/d, p = 0.084). Transfer rate of C12:0 tended to be higher in the Vit. E group (125.61 versus 73.96, p = 0.082). No other transfer rates were affected by treatment. Further studies are necessary to investigate the influence of Vit. E on rumen microbiota and their fatty acid production as well as on the impact of different doses of Vit. E supplementation on variables of protein synthesis efficiency. © 2018 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.

High Expression of Antiviral and Vitamin D Pathway Genes Are a Natural Characteristic of a Small Cohort of HIV-1-Exposed Seronegative Individuals.

PubMed

Aguilar-Jimenez, Wbeimar; Saulle, Irma; Trabattoni, Daria; Vichi, Francesca; Lo Caputo, Sergio; Mazzotta, Francesco; Rugeles, Maria T; Clerici, Mario; Biasin, Mara

2017-01-01

Natural resistance to HIV-1 infection is influenced by genetics, viral-exposure, and endogenous immunomodulators such as vitamin D (VitD), being a multifactorial phenomenon that characterizes HIV-1-exposed seronegative individuals (HESNs). We compared mRNA expression of 10 antivirals, 5 immunoregulators, and 3 VitD pathway genes by qRT-PCR in cells of a small cohort of 11 HESNs, 16 healthy-controls (HCs), and 11 seropositives (SPs) at baseline, in response to calcidiol (VitD precursor) and/or aldithriol-2-(AT2)-inactivated HIV-1. In addition, the expression of TIM-3 on T and NK cells of six HCs after calcidiol and calcitriol (active VitD) treatments was evaluated by flow cytometry. Calcidiol increased the mRNA expression of HAVCR2 (TIM-3; Th1-cells inhibitor) in HCs and HESNs. AT2-HIV-1 increased the mRNA expression of the activating VitD enzyme CYP27B1 , of the endogenous antiviral proteins MX2, TRIM22, APOBEC3G , and of immunoregulators ERAP2 and HAVCR2 , but reduced the mRNA expression of VitD receptor ( VDR ) and antiviral peptides PI3 and CAMP in all groups. Remarkably, higher mRNA levels of VDR, CYP27B1, PI3, CAMP, SLPI , and of ERAP2 were found in HESNs compared to HCs either at baseline or after stimuli. Furthermore, calcitriol increases the percentage of CD4+ T cells expressing TIM-3 protein compared to EtOH controls. These results suggest that high mRNA expression of antiviral and VitD pathway genes could be genetically determined in HESNs more than viral-induced at least in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Moreover, the virus could potentiate bio-activation and use of VitD, maintaining the homeostasis of the immune system. Interestingly, VitD-induced TIM-3 on T cells, a T cell inhibitory and anti-HIV-1 molecule, requires further studies to analyze the functional outcomes during HIV-1 infection.

Impact of seasonality on the dynamics of native Vitamin D repletion in long-term renal transplant patients.

PubMed

Ziff, Oliver J; Penny, Hugo; Frame, Sharon; Cronin, Antonia; Goldsmith, David

2017-06-01

Background: Renal transplant recipients (RTRs) are often Vitamin D (VitD) depleted as a result of both chronic kidney disease and mandated sun avoidance behaviours. Repleting VitD may be warranted, but how, and for how long, is unknown, as is the impact of seasonality on the success of repletion. We investigated the impact of seasonality on VitD status following VitD repletion in a large cohort of stable, long-term RTRs. Methods: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations and bone biochemistry parameters were analysed from 102 VitD repletion courses in 98 RTRs that had undergone VitD repletion. Repletion was delivered over 6 months with either 240 000 IU colecalciferol if pre-repletion serum VitD was between 20 and 50 nmol/L, or with 360 000 IU if VitD was <20 nmol/L. Twelve months post-repletion 25(OH)D and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were available for 75 patients. Results: At baseline, 25(OH)D was 20.1 ± 1.0 nmol/L, increasing to 65.4 ± 1.8 nmol/L following repletion (+7.55 nmol/L/month, P < 0.0001). Twelve months post-repletion and after no further VitD administration, 25(OH)D fell to 35.4 ± 1.8 nmol/L (14.2 ± 0.7 ng/mL; -2.50 nmol/L/month, P < 0.0001). PTH followed the opposite trend with baseline, repletion-end and post-repletion values being 144.2 ± 12.0, 109.6 ± 7.5 and 129.2 ± 11.4 ng/L, respectively. VitD repletion during the summer was associated with significantly higher at repletion-end 25(OH)D compared with any other time of year [summer 80.9 ± 4.0, autumn 64.1 ± 3.0 (P = 0.002), winter 48.9 ± 3.0 (P <0.001), spring 63.8 ± 2.5 nmol/L (P <0.001)]. There was no hypercalcaemia during repletion and renal transplant function remained stable without any evidence of allograft rejection. Conclusions: VitD repletion can safely and effectively be achieved in the majority of chronic stable RTRs using a 6-month bolus intermediate-dose schedule. Winter repletion is associated with an inadequate response in 25(OH)D; however, all patients experience a post-repletion fall towards deficiency in the absence of maintenance supplementation, irrespective of the season of repletion.

Thermal Evaporation Loss Measurements on Quasicrystal (Ti-Zr-Ni) and Glass Forming (Vit 106 and Vit 106a) Liquids

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Blodgett, M. E.; Gangopadhyay, A. K.; Kelton, K. F.

2015-04-01

Thermal evaporation loss measurements made using the electrostatic levitation (ESL) technique for one binary Ti-Zr, two ternary Ti-Zr-Ni, and two glass-forming (Vit 106 and Vit 106a) alloy liquids are reported. The containerless environment enables measurements not only for the equilibrium liquids but also for the metastable supercooled liquids. The data follow the Langmuir equation when the activity coefficient of the solute atoms, a measure for the deviation from the ideal solution behavior, is taken into account. An estimate for the activity coefficient of Ni in the Ti-Zr liquid is made from these data, demonstrating the effectiveness of ESL for such measurements.

The Military Inventory Routing Problem with Direct Delivery

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-03-27

3.9) The number of CUAS at t+ 1 resulting from delivering to COP i at time t is vit +1 = vit − lit. Therefore, the total number of CUAS at t+ 1 is vt...1 = F∑ i=1 vit +1. (3.10) The single stage reward function for being in state S and taking action A at time t and then going to a state at t + 1 is

Arsenic induced toxicity in broiler chicks and its alleviation with ascorbic acid: a toxico-patho-biochemical study

USGS Publications Warehouse

Khan, Ahrar; Sharaf, Rabia; Khan, Muhammad Zargham; Saleemi, Muhammad Kashif; Mahmood, Fazal

2013-01-01

To find out toxico-pathological effects of arsenic (As) and ameliorating effect of ascorbic acid (Vit C), broilers birds were administered 50 and 250 mg/kg arsenic and Vit C, respectively alone/in combination. As-treated birds exhibited severe signs of toxicity such as dullness, depression, increased thirst, open mouth breathing and watery diarrhea. All these signs were partially ameliorated with the treatment of Vit C. As-treated birds showed a significant decrease in serum total proteins while serum enzymes, urea and creatinine were significantly increased. Alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase completely whereas proteins, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), urea and creatinine were partial ameliorated in birds treated with As+Vit C as compared to As-treated and control birds. Pale and hemorrhagic liver and swollen kidneys were observed in As-treated birds. Histopathologically, liver exhibited congestion and cytoplasmic vacuolation while in kidneys, condensation of tubular epithelium nuclei, epithelial necrosis, increased urinary spaces, sloughing of tubules from basement membrane and cast deposition were observed in As-treated birds. Pathological lesions were partially ameliorated with the treatment of Vit C. It can be concluded that arsenic induces biochemical and histopathological alterations in broiler birds; however, these toxic effects can be partially attenuated by Vit C.

Protective Effects of Hydrocortisone, Vitamin C and E Alone or in Combination against Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rat.

PubMed

Azari, Omid; Kheirandish, Reza; Azizi, Shahrzad; Farajli Abbasi, Mohammad; Ghahramani Gareh Chaman, Shahin; Bidi, Masoud

2015-01-01

Renal ischemia reperfusion injury may occur in a variety of clinical situations, following a transient drop in total or regional blood flow to the kidney. This study was performed to investigate the protective effects of different antioxidants such as vitamin C, vitamin E, hydrocortisone and combination of these agents against experimental renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Thirty male rats were divided into six groups. Group Sham, Group I/R: (45 min of ischemia followed by 1h of reperfusion), Group I/R+Vit C: (50 mg/kg Vit C, IV, immediately after reperfusion), Group I/R+Vit E: (20 mg/kg Vit E, IM, 15 min before reperfusion), Group I/R+Hydrocortisone: (50 mg/kg, IV, immediately after reperfusion), and Group Combination: Ischemia-reperfusion plus combination of Vit C, E and hydrocortisone. After the experiments, the left kidney was removed and the tissues were processed for histopathological examination. Severe injuries such as necrosis of tubules, atrophy of glomerulus, and hemorrhage were observed in group I/R. Histological scores indicating tissue injury significantly decreased in all treatment groups compared to the group I/R. The renal tissue in group treatment was preserved in comparison with the group I/R. Comparison between the treatment groups showed that group combination was more effective and group vit E was less effective in protecting of renal tissue against I/R injuries. The results demonstrated simultaneous administration of combination of Vit C, E and hydrocortisone before reperfusion of blood flow to the ischemic tissue could show a synergy against deleterious effects of I/R injuries in kidney.

Safety and Efficacy of High-dose Daily Vitamin D3 Supplementation in Children and Young Adults With Sickle Cell Disease.

PubMed

Dougherty, Kelly A; Bertolaso, Chiara; Schall, Joan I; Smith-Whitley, Kim; Stallings, Virginia A

2015-07-01

Suboptimal vitamin D (vit D) status (<32 ng/mL) is ubiquitous among African American children with type SS sickle cell disease (SCD-SS). The vit D supplemental dose to normalize vit D status is unknown. Five to 20-year-old African American children with (n=21) and without (n=23) SCD-SS were randomized to vit D3 supplementation (4000 or 7000 IU/d) and evaluated at 6 and 12 weeks for changes in vit D and SCD status. A dose was considered unsafe if serum calcium was elevated associated with elevated serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D). At baseline 95% of subjects with SCD-SS and 87% of healthy controls had suboptimal vit D status (mean±SD, 19.2±7.2 and 22.3±9.3 ng/mL, respectively). After 12 weeks supplementation, both D3 doses were safe and well tolerated. Neither group achieved the a priori efficacy criterion of 25(OH)D≥32 ng/mL in >80% of subjects (45% in SCD-SS and 63% in controls). However, for both subjects with SCD-SS and healthy subjects by 12 weeks, deficient (<20 ng/mL) vit D status was eliminated only in those receiving 7000 IU/d. For subjects with SCD-SS, by 12 weeks there was a significant (all P<0.05) increase in fetal hemoglobin, decrease in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and reduction in the percentage of subjects with a high platelet count.

Locomotion behavior of cao vit gibbon (Nomascus nasutus) living in karst forest in Bangliang Nature Reserve, Guangxi, China.

PubMed

Fan, Pengfei; Scott, Matthew B; Fei, Hanlan; Ma, Changyong

2013-12-01

The cao vit gibbon is a critically endangered species. Only approximately 110 individuals remain in degraded karst forest along the China-Vietnam border. Karst forest is unusual gibbon habitat. Currently, the canopy height of cao vit gibbon habitat is approximately 10 m. Research on the locomotor behavior of gibbons living in this particular forest type might provide important insight into locomotor stability and variability of gibbons. We used 5 min scan samples to record the locomotion mode, support use and canopy strata of gibbons in 3 groups for 2096 h between January 2008 and December 2009. Although cao vit gibbon habitat has a lower canopy in comparison to that of other forests inhabited by gibbons, cao vit gibbons displayed a similar overall locomotor pattern to other gibbon species (Symphalangus syndactylus, Hylobates lar and Hylobates agilis) in which brachiation dominate their locomotor behavior. Cao vit gibbons spent most of their time travelling on inclined branches (2-10 cm) in the middle stratum through the forest canopy. Adult females appear to more often employ safer modes of locomotion (bridging more often and brachiation less), while adult males choose riskier modes (leaping more and climbing less). As gibbons increased in body weight, as they grew from infant to adult, they tended to use larger supports. This research documented that locomotor behavior in Hylobatidae is strongly determined by anatomical characters, but cao vit gibbons also show the ability to use various supports, enabling them to survive in karst forest. © 2012 Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd, ISZS and IOZ/CAS.

Mitochondrial ROS Induces Cardiac Inflammation via a Pathway through mtDNA Damage in a Pneumonia-Related Sepsis Model.

PubMed

Yao, Xiao; Carlson, Deborah; Sun, Yuxiao; Ma, Lisha; Wolf, Steven E; Minei, Joseph P; Zang, Qun S

2015-01-01

We have previously shown that mitochondria-targeted vitamin E (Mito-Vit-E), a mtROS specific antioxidant, improves cardiac performance and attenuates inflammation in a pneumonia-related sepsis model. In this study, we applied the same approaches to decipher the signaling pathway(s) of mtROS-dependent cardiac inflammation after sepsis. Sepsis was induced in Sprague Dawley rats by intratracheal injection of S. pneumoniae. Mito-Vit-E, vitamin E or vehicle was administered 30 minutes later. In myocardium 24 hours post-inoculation, Mito-Vit-E, but not vitamin E, significantly protected mtDNA integrity and decreased mtDNA damage. Mito-Vit-E alleviated sepsis-induced reduction in mitochondria-localized DNA repair enzymes including DNA polymerase γ, AP endonuclease, 8-oxoguanine glycosylase, and uracil-DNA glycosylase. Mito-Vit-E dramatically improved metabolism and membrane integrity in mitochondria, suppressed leakage of mtDNA into the cytoplasm, inhibited up-regulation of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) pathway factors MYD88 and RAGE, and limited RAGE interaction with its ligand TFAM in septic hearts. Mito-Vit-E also deactivated NF-κB and caspase 1, reduced expression of the essential inflammasome component ASC, and decreased inflammatory cytokine IL-1β. In vitro, both Mito-Vit-E and TLR9 inhibitor OND-I suppressed LPS-induced up-regulation in MYD88, RAGE, ASC, active caspase 1, and IL-1β in cardiomyocytes. Since free mtDNA escaped from damaged mitochondria function as a type of DAMPs to stimulate inflammation through TLR9, these data together suggest that sepsis-induced cardiac inflammation is mediated, at least partially, through mtDNA-TLR9-RAGE. At last, Mito-Vit-E reduced the circulation of myocardial injury marker troponin-I, diminished apoptosis and amended morphology in septic hearts, suggesting that mitochondria-targeted antioxidants are a potential cardioprotective approach for sepsis.

Subcutaneous venom immunotherapy in children: Efficacy and safety.

PubMed

Gür Çetinkaya, Pınar; Esenboğa, Saliha; Uysal Soyer, Özge; Tuncer, Ayfer; Şekerel, Bülent Enis; Şahiner, Ümit Murat

2018-04-01

Venom immunotherapy (VIT) is safe in children, although adverse effects can occur. To document adverse effects and to determine re-sting reactions and the efficacy of VIT in childhood. We retrospectively analyzed data from children who had taken VIT from 2002 through 2015. These patients were queried by telephone to determine reactions after re-stings during or after VIT. In total 107 children with a systemic reaction after Hymenoptera sting and with proved immunoglobulin E-mediated sensitization were enrolled. Participants had a median age of 10.0 years (7.2-12.4 years) at the beginning of immunotherapy. Fifty-two participants had allergic reactions during VIT; 40 of these reactions were local (37.4%), 5 were large local (4.7%), and 7 were systemic (6.5%). Of the 52 patients with adverse reactions, most reactions were local (n = 40, 89%) and were observed mainly in dose-increase periods (n = 25, 60%; P < .001). Although local reactions were more frequently seen with Vespula treatment (P = .047), systemic reactions were common with Apis treatment (P = .031). Sixty-eight patients (63.5%) were queried for re-sting, 33 (48.5%) had a re-sting and 24 (72.7%) of these 33 patients developed allergic reactions. The reactions were local (n = 19), large local (n = 1), and systemic (n = 4). Risk analysis for local and systemic reactions during VIT showed pre-existing asthma as an independent risk factor (odds ratio 4.1, 95% confidence interval 1.3-12.7, P = .016). In children, VIT appears to be safe and protective against severe reactions after re-sting. However, pre-existing asthma was identified as a risk factor for systemic and large local reactions during VIT in children. Copyright © 2018 American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Safety and Efficacy of a Progressively Prolonged Maintenance Interval of Venom Immunotherapy.

PubMed

Kontou-Fili, Kalliopi; Pitsios, Constantinos; Kompoti, Evangelia; Giannakopoulos, Dionysios; Kouridakis, Spyros

2018-01-01

The long-term protection provided by venom immunotherapy (VIT) is related to the dose administered and to its long duration; the latter, however, becomes inconvenient for patients in countries like Greece, with many islanders or inhabitants of distant mountainous areas. Maintenance interval prolongation reduces the number of office visits - saving time and money - and as a consequence contributes to the patients' compliance. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of VIT on a progressively prolonged maintenance interval (PPMI). 450 venom-allergic patients were reviewed for participation in our study; all of them were initially treated with a modified rush or an ultrarush protocol using freshly reconstituted, pure venoms. Upon reaching the maintenance dose, the VIT interval was scheduled to be gradually prolonged - by 1 week each time - aiming at a maximal interval of 26 weeks. 267/450 patients consented to participate in our VIT PPMI protocol: 98 were treated with vespid(s) venom, 142 with honeybee venom, and 27 with both. The mean duration of patient follow-up was 9.1 ± 4.2 years. The majority of systemic reactions due to VIT injections occurred up to the 8-weeks PPMI; few additional reactions were documented in a small fraction (2.9%) of our patient population beyond 9 weeks and up to 16 weeks; all were caused by honeybee VIT. No reactions were observed during VIT administration at the 26-week interval. Ninety-six patients reported 204 field sting occurrences by the culprit insect. Ten systemic reactions (8 mild and 2 moderate in severity) were registered between the 9- and 18-week PPMI; the honeybee was the culprit insect in all cases. 108 field stings by the offending insect were sustained beyond the 20- and up to the 26-week PPMI; there were no reactions at all. Progressively prolonging the VIT maintenance interval up to 26 weeks appears to be safe and efficacious. © 2018 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Decreased release of histamine and sulfidoleukotrienes by human peripheral blood leukocytes after wasp venom immunotherapy is partially due to induction of IL-10 and IFN-gamma production of T cells.

PubMed

Pierkes, M; Bellinghausen, I; Hultsch, T; Metz, G; Knop, J; Saloga, J

1999-02-01

Recent studies provide evidence that venom immunotherapy (VIT) alters the pattern of cytokine production by inducing an allergen-specific T-cell shift in cytokine expression from TH2 (IL-4, IL-5) to TH1 (IFN-gamma) cytokines and also inducing the production of IL-10. This study was carried out to analyze whether these changes in cytokine production of T cells already observed 1 week after the initiation of VIT in subjects with wasp venom allergy also influence the reactivity of effector cells, such as mast cells and basophils. All subjects included in this study had a history of severe systemic allergic reactions to wasp stings and positive skin test responses with venom and venom-specific IgE in the sera. Peripheral blood leukocytes were isolated before and after the initiation of VIT (rush therapy reaching a maintenance dose of 100 microg venom injected subcutaneously within 1 week) and preincubated with or without addition of IL-10, IFN-gamma, IL-10 + IFN-gamma, anti-IL-10, or anti-IFN-gamma. After stimulation with wasp venom, histamine and sulfidoleukotriene release were assessed by ELISA and compared with spontaneous release and total histamine content. After the induction of VIT, venom-induced absolute and relative histamine and sulfidoleukotriene release were reduced. This was at least partially due to the induction of IFN-gamma and IL-10 production, because (1) neutralization of IL-10 and IFN-gamma by mAbs partially restored the release after the initiation of VIT and (2) the addition of exogenous IFN-gamma and IL-10 caused a statistically significant diminution of the venom-induced histamine and sulfidoleukotriene release before VIT. Depletion of CD2(+) T cells also restored the releasability after VIT. These data indicate that T cells (producing IL-10 and IFN-gamma after VIT) play a key role for the inhibition of histamine and sulfidoleukotriene release of effector cells.

PRX1 knockdown potentiates vitamin K3 toxicity in cancer cells: a potential new therapeutic perspective for an old drug.

PubMed

He, Tiantian; Hatem, Elie; Vernis, Laurence; Lei, Ming; Huang, Meng-Er

2015-12-21

Many promising anticancer molecules are abandoned during the course from bench to bedside due to lack of clear-cut efficiency and/or severe side effects. Vitamin K3 (vitK3) is a synthetic naphthoquinone exhibiting significant in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity against multiple human cancers, and has therapeutic potential when combined with other anticancer molecules. The major mechanism for the anticancer activity of vitK3 is the generation of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS). We thus reasoned that a rational redox modulation of cancer cells could enhance vitK3 anticancer efficiency. Cancer cell lines with peroxiredoxin 1 (PRX1) gene transiently or stably knocked-down and corresponding controls were exposed to vitK3 as well as a set of anticancer molecules, including vinblastine, taxol, doxorubicin, daunorubicin, actinomycin D and 5-fluorouracil. Cytotoxic effects and cell death events were evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT)-based assay, cell clonogenic assay, measurement of mitochondrial membrane potential and annexin V/propidium iodide double staining. Global ROS accumulation and compartment-specific H2O2 generation were determined respectively by a redox-sensitive chemical probe and H2O2-sensitive sensor HyPer. Oxidation of endogenous antioxidant proteins including TRX1, TRX2 and PRX3 was monitored by redox western blot. We observed that the PRX1 knockdown in HeLa and A549 cells conferred enhanced sensitivity to vitK3, reducing substantially the necessary doses to kill cancer cells. The same conditions (combination of vitK3 and PRX1 knockdown) caused little cytotoxicity in non-cancerous cells, suggesting a cancer-cell-selective property. Increased ROS accumulation had a crucial role in vitK3-induced cell death in PRX1 knockdown cells. The use of H2O2-specific sensors HyPer revealed that vitK3 lead to immediate accumulation of H2O2 in the cytosol, nucleus, and mitochondrial matrix. PRX1 silencing significantly up-regulated mRNA and protein levels of NRH:quinone oxidoreductase 2, which was partially responsible for vitK3-induced ROS accumulation and consequent cell death. Our data suggest that PRX1 inactivation could represent an interesting strategy to enhance cancer cell sensitivity to vitK3, providing a potential new therapeutic perspective for this old molecule. Conceptually, a combination of drugs that modulate intracellular redox states and drugs that operate through the generation of ROS could be a new therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment.

The role of vitamin E or clay in growing Japanese quail fed diets polluted by cadmium at various levels.

PubMed

Abou-Kassem, D E; Mahrose, Kh M; Alagawany, M

2016-03-01

This study was conducted to verify whether vitamin (Vit) E or natural clay as feed additives has the potential to modulate the deleterious effects resulting from exposure to cadmium (Cd) in growing Japanese quail. 648 Japanese quail chicks (1 week old) were used to evaluate the effects of dietary Cd (0, 40, 80 and 120 mg/kg diet) and two levels of Vit E (0, 250 mg/kg diet) or two levels of natural clay (0 and 100 mg/kg diet) to study the influences of Cd, Vit E, clay or their different combinations on growth performance, carcass traits, some blood biochemical components and Cd residues in muscles and liver. Live BW and weight gain of quails were linearly decreased with increasing dietary Cd levels. Moreover, feed conversion was significantly worsened with increasing Cd level. Mortality percentage was linearly increased as dietary Cd level increased up to 120 mg/kg diet. Carcass percentage was linearly decreased as dietary Cd level increased. While, giblets percentage were linearly and quadratically differed as dietary Cd level increased. Cd caused significant changes in total plasma protein, albumin, globulin, A/G ratio, creatinine, urea-N and uric acid concentrations as well as ALT, AST and ALP activities. Increasing dietary Cd level was associated with its increase in the muscles and liver. Dietary supplementation with 250 mg of Vit E/kg diet or 100 mg clay/kg improved live BW, BW gain and feed conversion when compared with the un-supplemented diet. Quails fed diet contained 250 mg Vit E/kg and those fed 100 mg clay/kg had the highest percentages of carcass and dressing than those fed the un-supplemented diet. Blood plasma biochemical components studied were better when birds received 250 mg of Vit E/kg diet and those received 100 mg clay/kg. Cd residues in the muscles and liver were significantly less in the birds had 250 mg of Vit E/kg or those received 100 mg clay/kg diet than those un-supplemented with Vit E. Growth performance traits and blood plasma biochemical components studied were significantly affected linearly by the interactions among Cd and each of Vit E and clay levels. In conclusion, the present results indicate that the deleterious effects induced by Cd plays a role in decreasing the performance of Japanese quail and that dietary supplementation with natural clay or Vit E may be useful in partly alleviating the adverse effects of Cd.

High dietary selenium and vitamin E supplementation ameliorates the impacts of heat load on oxidative status and acid-base balance in sheep.

PubMed

Chauhan, S S; Celi, P; Leury, B J; Dunshea, F R

2015-07-01

The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of supranutritional dietary selenium and vitamin E (Vit E) to ameliorate the effect of heat stress (HS) on oxidative status and acid-base balance in sheep. Thirty-two Merino × Poll Dorset ewes were acclimated to indoor individual pen feeding of a pelleted control diet (0.24 g Se and 10 IU of Vit E/kg DM) for 1 wk. Sheep were then moved to metabolism cages in climatic chambers and randomly allocated to a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design with the respective factors being dietary Se (0.24 and 1.20 mg/kg DM as Sel-Plex; Alltech, Australia), Vit E (10 and 100 IU/kg DM), and temperature for 2 wk. After 1 wk of acclimation in metabolic cages, 1 climatic chamber continued on thermoneutral (TN) conditions (18°C to 21°C and 40% to 50% relative humidity [RH]), and the other one was set to HS conditions (28°C to 40°C and 30% to 40% RH) for 1 wk. The sheep were then returned to individual pens and fed the control diet for 1 wk before being returned to the same diet as in the first period but a reversed thermal treatment for a further 2 wk. Physiological parameters were recorded 3 times daily, and blood samples were collected on d 1 and 7 of thermal treatment. Average respiration rate and rectal temperature of sheep were increased (P < 0.001) during HS; however, combined supranutritional supplementation of Se and Vit E reversed the effects of HS. Sheep given the high Se and high Vit E diet had a lower respiration rate (191 vs. 232 breaths/min; P = 0.012) and rectal temperature (40.33°C vs. 40.58°C; P = 0.039) under peak HS (1700 h) compared with those fed the low Se and low Vit E diet. Plasma reactive oxygen metabolites concentrations were reduced (P = 0.048) by 20%, whereas biological antioxidant potential was increased (P = 0.17) by 10% in sheep fed the high Se and high Vit E diet compared with those fed the low Se and low Vit E diet. Blood pH was elevated (P = 0.007) and bicarbonate was reduced (P = 0.049) under HS, and again, these effects were ameliorated by the high Se and high Vit E diet. Both white blood cell glutathione peroxidase gene expression and red blood cell lysate glutathione peroxidase activity were increased in sheep fed the high Se and high Vit E diet. These data suggest that supranutritional dietary Se or Vit E can reduce some of the negative effects of HS. However, the synergism between the 2 antioxidants improves their potential to ameliorate the impacts of HS in sheep.

Effects of vitamin E on mercuric chloride-induced renal interstitial fibrosis in rats and the antioxidative mechanism.

PubMed

Tao, Yan-yan; Wang, Qing-lan; Yuan, Ji-li; Shen, Li; Liu, Cheng-hai

2011-02-01

To observe the effects of vitamin E (Vit E) on mercuric chloride (HgCl2)-induced renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) in rats and discuss its antioxidative mechanism. A total of 32 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to three groups: normal group, model group and Vit E group. RIF was induced by oral administration of HgCl(2) at a dose of 8 mg/kg body weight once a day for 9 weeks. Rats in Vit E group were administered with Vit E capsule at 100 mg/kg body weight, and rats in normal and model groups were treated with normal saline. At the end of the 9th week, rats were sacrificed and renal hydroxyproline (Hyp)'s trichrome and periodic acid-silver methenamine (PASM) staining. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and contents of glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in kidney tissue were tested with commercial kits. The expressions of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), inhibitor-κB (IκB), phospho-IκB (p-IκB) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were determined by Western blot. The expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) was assayed by Western blot and immunofluorescent staining. Renal Hyp content, HE, Masson's trichrome and PASM staining results and α-SMA expression confirmed development of HgCl2-induced RIF in rats. Oxidative stress markers GSH, GSH-Px and MDA confirmed oxidative stress in RIF rats. Compared with model rats, rats in Vit E group had lower kidney Hyp content (P<0.01). GSH and MDA contents decreased significantly in Vit E group compared with model group (P<0.01). The expressions of NF-κB and IκB had no significant difference among all groups (P>0.05). In Vit E group, the expressions of p-IκB and TNF-α decreased significantly compared with model group (P<0.01). The expression of α-SMA in Vit E group was also decreased significantly compared with model group (P<0.01). Vit E has a protective effect on experimental RIF induced by HgCl(2) in rats and it is related to inhibition of lipid peroxidation, which involves blocking of NF-κB signaling pathway and the activation of cells producing extracellular matrix.

Significant Effects of Oral Phenylbutyrate and Vitamin D3 Adjunctive Therapy in Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

PubMed

Mily, Akhirunnesa; Rekha, Rokeya Sultana; Kamal, S M Mostafa; Arifuzzaman, Abu Saleh Mohammad; Rahim, Zeaur; Khan, Lamia; Haq, Md Ahsanul; Zaman, Khaliqu; Bergman, Peter; Brighenti, Susanna; Gudmundsson, Gudmundur H; Agerberth, Birgitta; Raqib, Rubhana

2015-01-01

Development of new tuberculosis (TB) drugs and alternative treatment strategies are urgently required to control the global spread of TB. Previous results have shown that vitamin D3 (vitD3) and 4-phenyl butyrate (PBA) are potent inducers of the host defense peptide LL-37 that possess anti-mycobacterial effects. To examine if oral adjunctive therapy with 5,000IU vitD3 or 2x500 mg PBA or PBA+vitD3 to standard chemotherapy would lead to enhanced recovery in sputum smear-positive pulmonary TB patients. Adult TB patients (n = 288) were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted in Bangladesh. Primary endpoints included proportions of patients with a negative sputum culture at week 4 and reduction in clinical symptoms at week 8. Clinical assessments and sputum smear microscopy were performed weekly up to week 4, fortnightly up to week 12 and at week 24; TB culture was performed at week 0, 4 and 8; concentrations of LL-37 in cells, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) in plasma and ex vivo bactericidal function of monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) were determined at week 0, 4, 8, 12 and additionally at week 24 for plasma 25(OH)D3. At week 4, 71% (46/65) of the patients in the PBA+vitD3-group (p = 0.001) and 61.3% (38/62) in the vitD3-group (p = 0.032) were culture negative compared to 42.2% (27/64) in the placebo-group. The odds of sputum culture being negative at week 4 was 3.42 times higher in the PBA+vitD3-group (p = 0.001) and 2.2 times higher in vitD3-group (p = 0.032) compared to placebo. The concentration of LL-37 in MDM was significantly higher in the PBA-group compared to placebo at week 12 (p = 0.034). Decline in intracellular Mtb growth in MDM was earlier in the PBA-group compared to placebo (log rank 11.38, p = 0.01). Adjunct therapy with PBA+vitD3 or vitD3 or PBA to standard short-course therapy demonstrated beneficial effects towards clinical recovery and holds potential for host-directed-therapy in the treatment of TB. clinicaltrials.gov NCT01580007.

Significant Effects of Oral Phenylbutyrate and Vitamin D3 Adjunctive Therapy in Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial

PubMed Central

Kamal, S. M. Mostafa; Arifuzzaman, Abu Saleh Mohammad; Rahim, Zeaur; Khan, Lamia; Haq, Md. Ahsanul; Zaman, Khaliqu; Bergman, Peter; Brighenti, Susanna; Gudmundsson, Gudmundur H.; Agerberth, Birgitta; Raqib, Rubhana

2015-01-01

Background Development of new tuberculosis (TB) drugs and alternative treatment strategies are urgently required to control the global spread of TB. Previous results have shown that vitamin D3 (vitD3) and 4-phenyl butyrate (PBA) are potent inducers of the host defense peptide LL-37 that possess anti-mycobacterial effects. Objective To examine if oral adjunctive therapy with 5,000IU vitD3 or 2x500 mg PBA or PBA+vitD3 to standard chemotherapy would lead to enhanced recovery in sputum smear-positive pulmonary TB patients. Methods Adult TB patients (n = 288) were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted in Bangladesh. Primary endpoints included proportions of patients with a negative sputum culture at week 4 and reduction in clinical symptoms at week 8. Clinical assessments and sputum smear microscopy were performed weekly up to week 4, fortnightly up to week 12 and at week 24; TB culture was performed at week 0, 4 and 8; concentrations of LL-37 in cells, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) in plasma and ex vivo bactericidal function of monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) were determined at week 0, 4, 8, 12 and additionally at week 24 for plasma 25(OH)D3. Results At week 4, 71% (46/65) of the patients in the PBA+vitD3-group (p = 0.001) and 61.3% (38/62) in the vitD3-group (p = 0.032) were culture negative compared to 42.2% (27/64) in the placebo-group. The odds of sputum culture being negative at week 4 was 3.42 times higher in the PBA+vitD3-group (p = 0.001) and 2.2 times higher in vitD3-group (p = 0.032) compared to placebo. The concentration of LL-37 in MDM was significantly higher in the PBA-group compared to placebo at week 12 (p = 0.034). Decline in intracellular Mtb growth in MDM was earlier in the PBA-group compared to placebo (log rank 11.38, p = 0.01). Conclusion Adjunct therapy with PBA+vitD3 or vitD3 or PBA to standard short-course therapy demonstrated beneficial effects towards clinical recovery and holds potential for host-directed-therapy in the treatment of TB. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov NCT01580007 PMID:26394045

Effect of the level of cholecalciferol supplementation of broiler diets on the performance and tibial dyschondroplasia.

PubMed

Khan, S H; Shahid, R; Mian, A A; Sardar, R; Anjum, M A

2010-10-01

A study was conducted to evaluate four different cholecalciferol levels (NRC; modified), using diets supplemented with 200 (control), 1500, 2500 or 3500 IU/kg of cholecalciferol (VIT-D3). Each treatment was assigned to 3 pens of 17 broiler chicks of a commercial strain grown in an open-sided house with sidewall curtains. At 21 and 42 days, BW and feed conversion (FCR) were determined. At 42 days, five birds per pen were slaughtered to evaluate tibia and toe ash of the right leg, and incidence and severity of tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) of the left tibia and also measured dressing percentage and breast meat yield. Serum calcium and phosphorus concentrations were also determined. Haemagglutination inhibition antibody titre against Newcastle disease virus and lymphoid organs weight/body weight ratio were also determined. At both 21 and 42 days, the BW of birds fed 1500 IU/kg to 3500 IU/kg of VIT-D3 was significantly greater than birds fed 200 IU/kg. Similarly, better FCR was observed in birds those fed diets of high level of VIT-D3. No significant difference was observed for mortality at any age. Better dressing percentage and breast meat yield were noted in birds fed diets containing 2500 or 3500 IU/kg VIT-D3. Both tibia and toe ash contents were increased (p < 0.05) progressively with increased concentrations of cholecalciferol in feed. The incidence of TD (percentage of birds having TD scores greater than zero) was significantly (p < 0.05) influenced by level of 3500 IU VIT-D3/kg at 42 days. The severity of TD in birds fed diets containing 200 IU/kg VIT-D3 was apparently higher than birds fed diets with higher levels of VIT-D3. Concentrations of calcium and phosphorus minerals in the serum increased progressively with the high level of VIT-D3 supplementation to birds at both 21 and 42 days of age. Feeding levels of 1500 or 3500 IU of vitamin D3 did positively affect the immune system within the parameters measured. It may be concluded that performance, bone mineralization, blood chemistry and immunity against disease in broilers could be maintained when supplementing high level of VIT-D3 incorporated in broiler diets. © 2010 The Authors. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition © 2010 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.

MOnitored supplementation of VItamin D in preterm infants (MOSVID trial): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

PubMed

Kołodziejczyk, Alicja; Borszewska-Kornacka, Maria K; Seliga-Siwecka, Joanna

2017-09-11

The pivotal role of vitamin D (vit D) in skeletal health is well known. Neonatal vit D storage at birth is dependent on maternal levels, and newborns receive 50-70% of their mother's 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]. Deficiency of vit D can lead to prematurity bone disease, with an incidence of up to 55% in infants weighing < 1000 g. The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of monitored supplementation of vit D in a population of preterm infants. Preterm infants born at 24-32 weeks of gestation will be recruited within the first 7 days of life. Depending on the type of feeding, and after reaching partial enteral feeding or at 7 days of life, vit D supplementation will consist of 500 IU and an additional 150-300 IU/kg included in human milk fortifiers (if fed exclusively with breast milk) or 190 IU/kg in milk formulas. Subjects will be randomised to either monitored (with an option of dose modification based on 25(OH)D levels as per protocol) or standard therapy up to 52 weeks of post-conceptional age (PCA). The primary outcome measure will be the number of neonates with deficiency or excess levels of 25(OH)D at 40  ±2 weeks of PCA. Additional 25(OH)D levels will be measured at birth, at 4 and 8 weeks of age, and/or at 35 and 52  ±2 weeks of PCA. Secondary objectives will include the incidence of osteopenia, nephrocalcinosis and nephrolithiasis. Serum parameters of calcium phosphorus metabolism will also be measured. Despite multiple years of research and numerous publications, there is still a lack of consensus in regard to how much vit D infants should receive and how long they should receive it. Because 80% of calcium and phosphorus placental transfer occurs between 24 and 40 weeks of gestation, preterm infants are especially prone to adverse effects of vit D insufficiency. However, both inadequate and excessive amounts of vit D may be unsafe and lead to serious health issues. The results of our study may shed new light on these concerns and contribute to optimising vit D supplementation. ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03087149 . Registered on 15 March 2017.

Effect of rosuvastatin monotherapy and in combination with fenofibrate or omega-3 fatty acids on serum vitamin D levels.

PubMed

Makariou, Stefania E; Liberopoulos, Evangelos N; Agouridis, Aris P; Challa, Anna; Elisaf, Moses

2012-12-01

Low levels of 25(OH) vitamin D [25(OH)VitD] have been recognized as a new cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor. Statins seem to increase 25(OH)VitD concentration. To investigate whether combined treatment with the usual dose of rosuvastatin plus fenofibrate or omega-3 fatty acids would increase 25(OH)VitD levels compared with the high-dose rosuvastatin monotherapy in participants with mixed dislipidemia. We randomly allocated 60 patients with mixed dyslipidemia (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol: >160 mg/dL plus triglycerides: >200 mg/dL) to receive rosuvastatin 40 mg (n = 22), rosuvastatin 10 mg plus fenofibrate 200 mg (n = 21), or rosuvastatin 10 mg plus omega-3 fatty acids 2 g (n = 17) daily for 3 months. Our primary end point was changes in the levels of serum 25(OH)VitD. Rosuvastatin monotherapy was associated with a 53% increase in 25(OH)VitD (from 14.6 [1.0-38.0] to 17.8 [5.3-49.6] ng/mL; P = .000). Rosuvastatin plus micronized fenofibrate and rosuvastatin plus omega-3 fatty acids were associated with increases of 64% (from 14.1 [1.0-48.0] to 18.4 [6.7-52.4] ng/mL, P = .001) and 61% (from 10.4 [6.6-38.4] to 14.0 [9.6-37.6] ng/mL, P = .04), respectively. The changes in 25(OH)VitD after treatment were comparable in the 3 groups. High-dose rosuvastatin monotherapy and the usual dose of rosuvastatin plus fenofibrate or omega-3 fatty acids are associated with significant and similar increases in the 25(OH)VitD levels. This increase may be relevant in terms of CVD risk prevention.

Comparative effects of vitamin E and kolaviron (a biflavonoid from Garcinia kola) on carbon tetrachloride-induced renal oxidative damage in mice.

PubMed

Adaramoye, O A

2009-08-15

It became evident in this study that carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), can induce renal oxidative damage. The hepatoprotective effects of vitamin E (Vit. E) and kolaviron (KV), a biflavonoid complex from the seeds of Garcinia kola are well documented. The present study was designed to investigate and compare the renal protective effects of Vit. E and KV in mice given CCl4 (1.2 g kg(-1)) intra-peritoneally thrice a week for two weeks. CCl4 caused a marked increase in serum and renal lipid peroxidation (LPO) by 106 and 225%, respectively. Treatment with KV at 100 and 200 mg kg(-1) and Vit. E at 100 mg kg(-1) significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the CCl4-mediated increase in LPO. Furthermore, CCl4-intoxication decreased the levels of renal reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) by 44, 56 and 43%, respectively. Treatment with KV and Vit. E significantly (p < 0.05) ameliorated the GSH and SOD levels. Specifically, KV at 100 and 200 mg kg(-1) increased GSH by 32 and 27% and SOD levels by 50 and 53%, respectively. Likewise, treatment with Vit. E increased GSH and SOD levels by 31 and 53%, respectively. Effects on markers of renal functions showed that CCl4-intoxication significantly (p < 0.05) elevated serum urea and creatinine by 287 and 186%, respectively. While treatment with Vit. E decreased serum urea and creatinine by 60 and 55%, respectively, KV produced insignificant (p > 0.05) effect on these parameters. This study found KV unable to protect against CCl4-induced renal damage but confirmed the potency of Vit. E to enhance recovery from renal oxidative damage.

Selenium and vitamin E improve the in vitro maturation, fertilization and culture to blastocyst of porcine oocytes.

PubMed

Tareq, K M A; Akter, Quzi Sharmin; Khandoker, M A M Yahia; Tsujii, Hirotada

2012-01-01

Selenium (Se) and vitamin E (Vit-E), as integral parts of antioxidant systems, play important roles for sperm and embryos in vitro. In this study, the effects of Se and Vit-E on the maturation, in vitro fertilization and culture to blastocysts of porcine oocytes and accumulation of ammonia in the culture medium during different development stages were investigated. The maturation was performed in modified tissue culture medium (mTCM)-199 supplemented with 10% (v/v) porcine follicular fluid, the fertilization medium was modified Tyrode's albumin lactate pyruvate (mTALP), and the embryo culture medium was modified North Carolina State University (mNCSU)-23. Se in the form of sodium selenite (SS) and seleon-L-methionine (SeMet) and Vit-E at different concentrations were also used. The incorporation and oxidation of (14)C(U)-glucose were assessed with a liquid scintillation counter. In this study, SeMet and SeMet+Vit-E increased oocyte maturation, fertilization and incorporation and oxidation of (14)C(U)-glucose significantly (P<0.05) compared with the control and other treatments. In addition, embryo development, specifically in terms of the numbers of morulae and blastocysts, significantly increased (P<0.05) with SeMet and SeMet+Vit-E. In contrast, the accumulation of ammonia was reduced with SeMet and SeMet+Vit-E compared with other treatments. These findings indicate that SeMet and SeMet+Vit-E may play important roles in reducing the accumulation of ammonia and subsequently in increasing the rate of maturation of porcine oocytes and fertilization, as well as development of the blastocyst and utilization of glucose in in vitro maturation, fertilization and culture to blastocysts of porcine oocytes.

Antioxidant ameliorating effects against H2O2-induced cytotoxicity in primary endometrial cells.

PubMed

Zal, F; Khademi, F; Taheri, R; Mostafavi-Pour, Z

2018-02-01

Oxidative stress and a disrupted antioxidant system are involved in a variety of pregnancy complications. In the present study, the role of vitamin E (Vit E) and folate as radical scavengers on the GSH homeostasis in stress oxidative induced in rat endometrial cells was investigated. Primary endometrial stromal cell cultures treated with 50 and 200 µM of H 2 O 2 and evaluated the cytoprotective effects of Vit E (5 µM) and folate (0.01 µM) in H 2 O 2 -treated cells for 24 h. Following the exposure of endometrial cells to H 2 O 2 alone and in the presence of Vit E and/or folate, cell survival, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase activities and the level of reduced glutathione (GSH) were measured. Cell adhesions comprise of cell attachment and spreading on collagen were determined. Flow cytometric analysis using annexin V was used to measure apoptosis. H 2 O 2 treatment showed a marked decrease in cell viability, GPx and GR activities and the level of GSH. Although Vit E or folate had some protective effect, combination therapy with Vit E and folate attenuated all the changes due to H 2 O 2 toxicity. An increasing number of alive cells was showed in the cells exposed to H 2 O 2 (50 µM) accompanied by co-treatment with Vit E and folic acid. The present findings indicate that co-administration of Vit E and folate before and during pregnancy may maintain a viable pregnancy and contribute to its clinical efficacy for the treatment of some idiopathic infertility.

Vitamin E Reversed Apoptosis of Cardiomyocytes Induced by Exposure to High Dose Formaldehyde During Mice Pregnancy.

PubMed

Wu, Dongyuan; Jiang, Zhirong; Gong, Bing; Dou, Yue; Song, Mingxuan; Song, Xiaoxia; Tian, Yu

2017-10-21

In this study, we investigated the protection effect of Vitamin E (Vit E) on formaldehyde (FA) exposure during pregnancy induced apoptosis of cardiomyocytes, and used an HL-1 cell line to confirmed the findings in vivo.Pregnant mice received different doses of FA (0.5 mg/kg, 1.0 mg/kg, 1.5 mg/kg, 0.1 μg Vit E, or 1.5 mg/kg + 0.1 μg Vit E). TUNEL staining was used to reveal the apoptosis in cardiomyocytes, and SOD, MDA, GSH, Livin, and Caspase-3 in cardiomyocytes were detected by ELISA, RT-PCR, and Western blot. For in vitro study, HL-1 cells were treated with vehicle, 5 μmol/L FA, 25 μmol/L FA, 50 μmol/L FA, 10 mg/L Vit. E, and 50 μmol/L FA+ 10 mg/L Vit E, respectively. CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry were used to evaluate cell vitality and apoptosis. A high dose of FA exposure led to cytotoxicity in both pregnant mice and offspring, as TUNEL staining revealed a significant apoptosis of cardiomyocytes, and the alternation in SOD, GSH, MDA, Livin, and Caspase-3 was found in cardiomyocytes. 0.1 μg Vit. E could reverse high doses of FA exposure induced apoptosis of cardiomyocytes in both pregnant mice and offspring. The in vitro study revealed that FA exposure induced a decrease of cell viability and increased cell apoptosis, as well as oxidative stress in HL-1 cells with alternation in SOD, GSH, MDA, Livin, and Caspase-3.This study revealed a high dose of FA induced oxidative stress and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes in both pregnant mice and offspring, and Vit E supplement during pregnancy reversed the systemic and myocardial toxicity of FA.

Levothyroxine replacement therapy with vitamin E supplementation prevents the oxidative stress and apoptosis in hippocampus of hypothyroid rats.

PubMed

Guo, Yanyun; Wan, Si Yuan; Zhong, Xing; Zhong, Ming Kui; Pan, Tian Rong

2014-01-01

To examine the effect of levothyroxine (L-T4), vitamin E or both on oxidative stress status and hippocampal apoptosis in a propylthiouracil (PTU)-induced hypothyroid rat model. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: Control, PTU+PTU+L-T4+PTU+Vit E, PTU+Vit E+L-T4. In each group we assessed levels of serum triiodothyronine (T3), tetraiodothyronine (T4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), hippocampus cellular apoptosis index (AI), hippocampus nicotinamide adenine denucleotide hydrogen (NADPH)oxidase and superoxide dismutase (SOD). 1) Compared with the control group, NADPH oxidase levels were significantly increased, and SOD levels were significantly reduced in the PTU groups (p<0.05). 2) Compared to the PTU group, SOD levels were significantly increased in the PTU+Vit E and PTU+L-T4+Vit E group (p<0.05). NADPH oxidase levels were significantly decreased in the PTU+L-T4, PTU+Vit E and PTU+ L-T4+Vit E group (p<0.05). 3) Compared with the control group, hippocampus AI increased significantly in the PTU group (p<0.05). Compared with the PTU group, hippocampus AI was significantly reduced in the PTU+L-T4 group and PTU+L-T4+Vit E group (p<0.05). 4) Hippocampus AI was positively correlated with NADPH oxidase expression levels in hippocampus tissue (r=0.644, p<0.01). Levothyroxine replacement therapy combined with vitamin E reduces hippocampus AI by improving oxidative stress. This study suggested that the mechanisms of hippocampus tissue injury in a hypothyroid rat model is related to hippocampus apoptosis from increased oxidative stress.

Measles related complications and the role of vitamin A supplementation.

PubMed

Mishra, Ashok; Mishra, Subodh; Jain, Pankaj; Bhadoriya, Rahul Singh; Mishra, Rakesh; Lahariya, Chandrakant

2008-09-01

Measles is associated with high rate of complications and contributes to a major proportion of childhood morbidity and mortality. The role of vit A supplementation (VAS) in the case management of measles and prevention of complications is partially understood and not sufficiently supported by epidemiological data. This paper analyses the possible role of vit A supplementation in prevention of measles related complications and associated fatality. A cross sectional study was carried out during an outbreak of measles in Shivpuri, India. A total population of 193,000 was covered by house to house visit and, the caregivers of total 1204 measles cases, including 214 cases with complications, were interviewed using a semi structured interview schedule. The analysis of data was done using Epi Info. The attack rate of 6.7% and rate of complications at 17.8% were found in this investigation. The coverage with routine measles vaccine and the vit A supplementation was 18.3% and 28.9% respectively. The management of measles cases was poor with only 15.8% cases receiving therapeutic doses of vit A. Both complications and case fatality rate was higher amongst children who had not received vit A supplementation in previous 6 months (p<0.05). Measles vaccine also found to have preventive effect on development of complications (p<0.05). Routine vit A supplementation and measles vaccination reduce the chances of complications amongst cases of measles. The role of VAS becomes more important when the case management is poor. While, measles is frequently associated with complications in the Indian setting, there is a need of enhancing the efforts to improve the delivery of vit A supplementation and measles vaccine to the children in rural areas.

[Knowledge and prevention management of vitamin D deficiency in primary care].

PubMed

Senan Sanz, M R; Gilaberte Calzada, Y; Olona Tabueña, N; Magallón Botaya, R

2014-01-01

To determine the knowledge and management of vitamin D (Vit D) in primary care (PC). Observational study. A total of 69 primary care centres, with 57 in Barcelona and 12 in Huesca. All medical and nursing graduates of these centres. A specifically designed questionnaire was used to collect knowledge on the actions of Vit D (on bone metabolism, cardiovascular and immune systems), its deficiency and prevention measures. Of the total of 2100 professionals, 785 completed the survey (37.78%), of whom 79.9% were women. Their mean age was 47 years (SD: 9.7). Only 4.8% knew the overall actions of Vitamin D, although the majority (66%) knew only its effects on bone metabolism. Almost two-thirds (62.4%) were unaware that its deficiency was a common problem, and 54.9% believed that photoprotection was contraindicated. Almost three-quarters of those surveyed (73.6%) never or almost never determined Vit D levels in their patients. A minority (23%) offered advice to maintain an adequate level of Vit D, with the most frequent being sun exposure (16.8%). Pediatricians were more knowledgeable (p<.001) and offered more advice for maintaining adequate levels of Vit D in blood (p<.001). Most of the professionals were unaware of the overall actions of Vit D, or that its deficiency was common, or the factors contributing to this. The advice that was more often offered to avoid its deficiency was not the safest. Paediatricians are more aware of how to prevent Vit D deficiency. Copyright © 2013 Sociedad Española de Médicos de Atención Primaria (SEMERGEN). Publicado por Elsevier España. All rights reserved.

Serum tryptase level is a better predictor of systemic side effects than prostaglandin D2 metabolites during venom immunotherapy in children.

PubMed

Cichocka-Jarosz, E; Sanak, M; Szczeklik, A; Brzyski, P; Gielicz, A; Pietrzyk, J J

2011-01-01

We performed a prospective study to analyze mast cell mediators as predictors of systemic adverse reactions during rush venom-specific immunotherapy (VIT) in children. Nineteen children aged 5-17 years received VIT with Venomenhal (HALAllergy). We analyzed serum tryptase (CAP, Phadia), plasma prostaglandin (PG) D2 metabolites (9alpha, 11beta-PGF2), and urine PGD2 metabolites (9alpha, 11beta-PGF2, tetranor-PGD-M) using gas chromatography mass spectrometry before and after the rush protocol. Three boys with high baseline serum tryptase values (>7.76 g/L) (P < .001) and low 9alpha, 11beta-PGF2 concentrations developed grade III systemic adverse reactions during VIT. Baseline serum tryptase was lowest in children who had a Mueller grade II reaction (1.93 [0.36]) before VIT and highest in children with a Mueller grade III reaction (6.31 [4.80]) (P = .029). Repeated measures analysis of variance confirmed that, in children who developed systemic adverse reactions during VIT, serum tryptase was higher both before and after desensitization and increased significantly following the procedure. Analysis of PGD2 metabolites in the prediction of systemic adverse reactions during VIT was inadequate (sensitivity 67% and specificity 0.53%), whilst prediction based on serum tryptase was accurate. In children with severe systemic adverse reactions to Hymenoptera sting, the evaluation of baseline tryptase levels should be a standard procedure. Children with Apis mellifera venom allergy and baseline tryptase levels higher than 7.75 g/L are at risk of anaphylaxis during buildup. Lower baseline values of plasma and urinary PGD2 metabolite concentration in patients with systemic adverse reaction during VIT suggest that prostaglandin catabolism is altered.

Males with low serum levels of vitamin D have lower pregnancy rates when ovulation induction and timed intercourse are used as a treatment for infertile couples: results from a pilot study.

PubMed

Tartagni, Massimo; Matteo, Maria; Baldini, Domenico; Tartagni, Mario V; Alrasheed, Hala; De Salvia, Maria A; Loverro, Giuseppe; Montagnani, Monica

2015-11-21

Vitamin D (Vit D) is important for the regulation of reproductive physiology. In humans, maternal Vit D deficiency has been implicated in several reproductive- and pregnancy-related disorders. Very few data are available regarding the Vit D status in male partners of couples attempting pregnancy. This observational study (IRB Prot. N. 078/13) aimed to evaluate whether low Vit D serum levels in males might decrease the rate of successful conception in couples attempting pregnancy. Male and female partners of infertile couples (n = 102) were classified into 2 GROUPS according to normal (≥30 ng/ml) or low (below 30 ng/ml) serum Vit D levels in male partners. Semen analysis was performed in each male participant based on the WHO reference criteria. The female partners of both groups were subjected to 3 consecutive cycles of gonadotropin-induced mono-ovulation. The main outcome measures included the clinical pregnancy rate, delivery per patient and per cycle, and miscarriage rate between the 2 groups evaluated at the end of the three-month period of the study. In male partners of both groups, standard semen analysis did not highlight substantial differences in sperm concentration, sperm progressive motility, or typical form. The pregnancy rates per patient and per cycle and delivery rates per patient and per cycle were all significantly higher (p< 0.05) in couples with normal Vit D levels. These results suggest the existence of a relationship between male Vit D serum levels and semen ability to begin a pregnancy during cycles of timed vaginal intercourse.

Venom immunotherapy in patients with clonal mast cell disorders: efficacy, safety, and practical considerations.

PubMed

Bonadonna, Patrizia; Gonzalez-de-Olano, David; Zanotti, Roberta; Riccio, Annamaria; De Ferrari, Laura; Lombardo, Carla; Rogkakou, Anthi; Escribano, Luis; Alvarez-Twose, Ivan; Matito, Almudena; Vega, Arantza; Passalacqua, Giovanni

2013-01-01

A preferential association between systemic mastocytosis (SM) and hymenoptera allergy (HVA) has been observed. Patients with both diseases are at risk for more severe reactions, and venom immunotherapy (VIT) may represent a life-saving treatment, but the use of VIT in such patients raised concerns about its safety. We evaluated a large population of patients with SM and HVA who received VIT. This prospective study was performed in Italy and Spain. A diagnosis of SM and HVA and a VIT prescription were made according to international recommendations. The patients were carefully followed up during VIT, with special attention to field stings. A total of 84 patients (70 men, 14 women; mean age 52.1 years) were included, 81% with grade IV reaction, 91% with indolent SM. No difference was seen between the Italian and Spanish patients. There were 10 adverse reactions during the induction phase: 3 with the conventional induction and 7 with the rush-modified induction, none resulted in epinephrine administration and/or hospitalization. Fifty patients had one or more field re-sting (95 episodes), none during induction. The time elapsed from starting VIT and first re-sting was 2 months to 7 years, and the number of re-stings per patient was 1-6. Of the 50 patients who were re-stung, 43 (86%) resulted in being fully protected. Seven patients had reactions, and the maintenance dose was safely increased to 200 mcg. The maintenance dose interval was not different between patients with and those without reactions at re-stings. VIT is well tolerated, safe, and effective in patients with SM. Copyright © 2013 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Vitamin C Modulates the Immunotoxic Effect of 17α-Methyltestosterone in Nile Tilapia.

PubMed

Abo-Al-Ela, Haitham G; El-Nahas, Abeer F; Mahmoud, Shawky; Ibrahim, Essam M

2017-04-11

The synthetic androgen 17α-methyltestosterone (MT) is profusely used and practically needed in the production of all-male Nile tilapia fry; however, such androgenic hormones badly disrupt the immune system. This study aimed to alleviate or counteract the immunotoxic effect of MT using vitamin C (ascorbic acid or vit C). Our results show that the highest phagocytic activity (PA), phagocytic index (PI), and lysozyme activity were detected in the vit C group and the MT plus vit C group. Furthermore, PA and PI were significantly suppressed, but lysozyme activity was stronger in the MT group than in the control. No differences were detected in the differential leukocyte count among the studied groups. Moreover, vit C obviously reduced the upregulated expression level of the innate immune-related genes, interleukin 1β (il1β), interleukin 8 (il8), tumor necrosis factor α (tnfα), CC-chemokine, Toll-like receptor 7 (tlr7), immunoglobulin M (IgM) heavy chain, and cellular apoptosis susceptibility (cas) induced by MT, excluding tnfα in the liver and CC-chemokine and tlr7 in the kidney. The micronucleus frequency was found to significantly improve in the vit C plus MT group in comparison to that in the MT group. Normal histoarchitecture of the liver, kidney, and spleen was observed in all the groups, except for the frequently observed melanomacrophage centers in the spleen and kidney of the fish that were treated with vit C and vit C plus MT. More importantly, our findings demonstrate that the upregulation of immune-related genes is not necessarily a sign of a stimulated or enhanced immune system.

Vitamin D and Cardiovascular Disease: An Appraisal of the Evidence

PubMed Central

Schnatz, Peter F.; Manson, JoAnn E.

2013-01-01

Background Supplementation with vitamin D (VitD) has received attention as a potential cardioprotective strategy. Biologically plausible mechanisms have been proposed to link VitD to coronary heart disease (CHD) prevention and observational studies suggest an inverse association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentrations and CHD. Few randomized clinical trials of VitD supplementation and CHD have been conducted, however, and no completed trial has been done with CHD as the primary pre-specified outcome. Content A search was conducted in PubMed to find prospective studies on the use of vitamin D supplementation and cardiovascular risk factors (RFs) and/or cardiovascular disease. The exact search query was ((vitamin D supplement*[Title/Abstract]) AND cardiovascular [Title/Abstract]) AND prospective [Title/Abstract]. This query yielded 42 results. Randomized Controlled Trial (article type) was employed as a filter in a subsequent query with the same search terms. We review the evidence that VitD supplementation modifies coronary RFs, such as blood pressure, lipids, and glucose tolerance, and/or affects the development of clinical CHD events. We address potential sources of confounding in observational epidemiologic studies of the relationship between serum 25OHD and CHD. We also address laboratory assay issues relevant to the reliable measurement of 25OHD. Summary Most VitD supplementation trials have not demonstrated improvement in cardiovascular disease, but have tested relatively low doses of VitD. Thus, the evidence remains inconclusive, highlighting the need for rigorous randomized trials of higher VitD doses, with cardiovascular events as prespecified outcomes. While awaiting ongoing trial results, the recommended dietary allowances from the Institute of Medicine remain the best guidepost for nutritional requirements. PMID:24193116

Transients and cooperative action of β-carotene, vitamin E and C in biological systems in vitro under irradiation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Getoff, Nikola; Platzer, Isabel; Winkelbauer, Cornelia

1999-08-01

Using N •3 species as specific electron acceptor a defined ascorbate radical: AH •↔A •-+H + (λ max=360 nm, ɛ=3400 dm 3 mol -1 cm -1) is observed. The attack of DMSO •+ on vit.E results in a vit.E • radical ( k=1×10 9 dm 3 mol -1 s -1; λ max=425 nm, ɛ=2400 dm 3 mol -1 cm -1; 2 k=4.7×10 8 dm 3 mol -1 s -1). Vit.E-acetate leads to the formation of a radical cation (vit.E-ac •+). β-carotene reacts also with DMSO •+ forming a radical cation, β-car •+ ( k=1.75×10 8 dm 3 mol -1 s -1; λ max=942 nm, ɛ=14 600 dm 3 mol -1 cm -1), which probably leads to the formation of a dimer radical cation, (β-car) •+2 ( k=2.5×10 7 dm 3 mol -1 s -1). Using E.coli bacteria (AB1157) as a model system in vitro it was found that all three vitamins are rather efficient radiation protecting agents. They can also increase the activity of cytostatica, e.g., mitomycin C (MMC), by electron transfer process. The mixture of vit.E-ac and β-car acts contradictory, but adding vit.C to it a strong cooperative enhancement of the MMC activity is observed once again. A relationship between the pulse radiolysis and the radiation biological data is found and discussed. A possible explanation of the previously reported trials concerning the role of vit.E and β-car on the increased occurence of lung and other types of cancer in smokers and drinkers is presented.

Vitellogenin Receptor Mutation Leads to the Oogenesis Mutant Phenotype “scanty vitellin” of the Silkworm, Bombyx mori*

PubMed Central

Lin, Ying; Meng, Yan; Wang, Yan-Xia; Luo, Juan; Katsuma, Susumu; Yang, Cong-Wen; Banno, Yutaka; Kusakabe, Takahiro; Shimada, Toru; Xia, Qing-You

2013-01-01

In insects, the vitellogenin receptor (VgR) mediates the uptake of vitellogenin (Vg) from the hemolymph by developing oocytes. The oogenesis mutant scanty vitellin (vit) of Bombyx mori (Bm) lacks vitellin and 30-kDa proteins, but B. mori egg-specific protein and BmVg are normal. The vit eggs are white and smaller compared with the pale yellow eggs of the wild type and are embryonic lethal. This study found that a mutation in the B. mori VgR gene (BmVgR) is responsible for the vit phenotype. We cloned the cDNA sequences encoding WT and vit BmVgR. The functional domains of BmVgR are similar to those of other low-density lipoprotein receptors. When compared with the wild type, a 235-bp genomic sequence in vit BmVgR is substituted for a 7-bp sequence. This mutation has resulted in a 50-amino acid deletion in the third Class B region of the first epidermal growth factor (EGF1) domain. BmVgR is expressed specifically in oocytes, and the transcriptional level is changed dramatically and consistently with maturation of oocytes during the previtellogenic periods. Linkage analysis confirmed that BmVgR is mutated in the vit mutant. The coimmunoprecipitation assay confirmed that mutated BmVgR is able to bind BmVg but that BmVg cannot be dissociated under acidic conditions. The WT phenotype determined by RNA interference was similar to that of the vit phenotype for nutritional deficiency, such as BmVg and 30-kDa proteins. These results showed that BmVgR has an important role in transporting proteins for egg formation and embryonic development in B. mori. PMID:23515308

Interventional Vitamin C A Strategy for Attenuation of Coagulopathy and Inflammation in Hemorrhagic Trauma and Shock

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-10-01

evident in liver and kidney sections. Treatment with VitC (200mg/kg) was associated with a lower degree of histological tissue injury and a...significantly reduced ALI score. Treatment with VitC also reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators in lungs, liver and kidneys . In addition, VitC...Euthasol IV  Tissue samples (lung, liver and kidney ) obtained for histology and molecular characterization Definitive trial conducted: Eight (8

Ameliorative effect of vitamin E and selenium against oxidative stress induced by sodium azide in liver, kidney, testis and heart of male mice.

PubMed

Hamza, Reham Z; Al-Harbi, Mohammad S; El-Shenawy, Nahla S

2017-07-01

The study purported to define the effects of daily administration of vitamin E (Vit E) and selenium (Se) on antioxidant enzyme activity in mice treated with high doses of sodium azide (SA). Male mice were randomly split into nine groups. Groups 1, 2 and 3 were injected daily with saline, Vit E, and Se, respectively, while groups 4, 5 and 6 administrated with different doses of SA (low, medium and high, respectively). The mice in groups 7, 8 and 9 received 100mg/kg Vit E, 17.5mg/kg Se, and a combination of Vit E and Se, respectively before the SA-treatment. Hepatic, renal, testis and heart, antioxidant enzymes as well as levels of lipid peroxidation and total antioxidant capacity levels were determined. Vit E alone affected on the antioxidant parameters of the examined tissues. Se had a preventive effect on the decrease of antioxidant parameters caused by SA and improved the diminished activities of all of them. The study demonstrates that a high dose of SA may alter the effects of normal level antioxidant/oxidative status of male mice and that Se is effective in reducing the SA-damage. Se acts as a synergistic agent with the effect of Vit E in various damaged caused by SA. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Vitamin C-linker-conjugated tripeptide AHK stimulates BMP-2-induced osteogenic differentiation of mouse myoblast C2C12 cells.

PubMed

Jung, Jung-Il; Park, Kyeong-Yong; Lee, Yura; Park, Mira; Kim, Jiyeon

Vitamin C-linker-conjugated Ala-His-Lys tripeptide (Vit C-AHK) is a derivative of Vitamin C-conjugated tripeptides, which were originally developed as a component of a product for collagen synthesis enhancement or human dermal fibroblast growth. Here, we investigated the effect of Vit C-AHK on bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2-induced osteoblast differentiation in a cell culture model. Vit C-AHK enhanced proliferation of C2C12 cells and induction of BMP-2-induced alkaline phosphatase, a typical marker of osteoblast differentiation. Vit C-AHK also stimulated the phosphorylation and translocation of Smad1/5/8 to the nucleus and phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) including ERK1/2 and p38. In addition, Vit C-AHK enhanced the BMP-2-induced mRNA expression of osteoblast differentiation-related genes such as ALP, BMP-2, Osteocalcin, and Runx2. Our results suggest that Vit C-AHK exerts an enhancing effect on osteoblast proliferation and differentiation through activation of Smad1/5/8 and MAPK ERK1/2 and p38 signaling and without significant cytotoxicity. These results provide important data for the development of peptide-based bone-regenerative agents and treatment of bone-related disorders. Copyright © 2018 International Society of Differentiation. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Structural and mechanical modifications induced on Zr-based bulk metallic glass by laser shock peening

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhu, Yunhu; Fu, Jie; Zheng, Chao; Ji, Zhong

2016-12-01

In this study, surface modification of a Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5 (vit1) bulk metallic glass (BMG) has been studied in an effort to improve the mechanical properties by laser shock peening (LSP) treatment. The phase structure, mechanical properties, and microstructural evolution of the as-cast and LSP treated specimens were systematically investigated. It was found that the vit1 BMG still consisted of fully amorphous structure after LSP treatment. Measurements of the heat relaxation indicate that a large amount of free volume is introduced into vit1 BMG during LSP process. LSP treatment causes a decrease of hardness attributable to generation of free volume. The plastic deformation ability of vit1 BMG was investigated under three-point bending conditions. The results demonstrate that the plastic strain of LSP treated specimen is 1.83 times as large as that of the as-cast specimen. The effect of LSP technology on the hardness and plastic deformation ability of vit1 BMG is discussed on the basis of free volume theory. The high dense shear bands on the side surface, the increase of striations and critical shear displacement on the tensile fracture region, and more uniform dimples structure on the compressive fracture region also demonstrate that the plasticity of vit1 BMG can be enhanced by LSP.

Protective Effects of Vitamin E on Methotrexate-Induced Jejunal Mucosal Damage in Rats.

PubMed

Burcu, Busra; Kanter, Mehmet; Orhon, Zeynep Nur; Yarali, Oguzhan; Karabacak, Rukiye

2016-04-01

To investigate the possible protective effects of Vitamin E (Vit E) on oxidative stress and jejunal damage in the rat intestinal mucosa after methotrexate (MTX)-induced enterotoxicity. Rats were divided into 3 groups: control, MTX, and MTX+ Vit E; each group contained 8 animals. The control group was given physiological serum in addition to sunflower oil for 3 days. The second group was given sunflower oil with intragastric tube daily, followed by MTX injection (20 mg/kg intraperitoneally). To the third group, starting 3 days before injection, Vit E was given dissolved in sunflower oil (600 mg/kg orally) in addition to MTX injection. Four days after MTX injection the anesthetized rats were sacrificed, and the tissue samples obtained from their jejunums were investigated for histological and biochemical analysis. Vit E treatment significantly decreased the elevated tissue malondialdehyde levels and increased the reduced glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities in comparison to the MTX-treated group. MTX treatment caused severe histopathological injury including mucosal erosions, inflammatory cell infiltration, necrosis, hemorrhage, and villous congestion. Vit E treatment significantly attenuated the severity of intestinal injury caused by MTX via inhibiting induced nitric oxide synthase levels and NF-κB p65 activation. Because of its reconstructing and antioxidant effects, Vit E pretreatment may have protective effects in the intestinal tissue of MTX-treated rats.

Covalent heterogenization of discrete bis(8-quinolinolato)dioxomolybdenum(VI) and dioxotungsten(VI) complexes by a metal-template/metal-exchange method: Cyclooctene epoxidation catalysts with enhanced performances

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yang, Ying; Chattopadhyay, Soma; Shibata, Tomohiro

A metal-template/metal-exchange method was used to imprint covalently attached bis(8- quinolinolato)dioxomolybdenum(VI) and dioxotungsten(VI) complexes onto large surface-area, mesoporous SBA-15 silica to obtain discrete MoO2 VIT and WO2 VIT catalysts bearing different metal loadings, respectively. Homogeneous counterparts, MoO2 VIN and WO2 VIN, as well as randomly ligandgrafted heterogeneous analogues, MoO2 VIG and WO2 VIG, were also prepared for comparison. X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS), pair distribution function (PDF) and UV–vis data demonstrate that MoO2 VIT and WO2 VIT adopt a more solution-like bis(8-quinolinol) coordination environment than MoO2 VIG and WO2 VIG, respectively. Correspondingly, the templated MoVI and WVI catalysts show superiormore » performances to their randomly grafted counterparts and neat analogues in the epoxidation of cyclooctene. It is found that the representative MoO2 VIT-10% catalyst can be recycled up to five times without significant loss of reactivity, and heterogeneity test confirms the high stability of MoO2 VIT-10% catalyst against leaching of active species into solution. The homogeneity of the discrete bis(8-quinolinol) metal spheres templated on SBA-15 should be responsible for the superior performances.« less

Morbidity and mortality reduction by supplemental vitamin A or beta-carotene in CBA mice given total-body gamma-radiation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Seifter, E.; Rettura, G.; Padawer, J.

Male CBA mice received graded doses (450-750 rad) of total-body gamma-radiation (TBR) from a dual-beam /sup 137/Cs irradiator. Commencing directly after TBR, 2 days later, or 6 days later, groups of mice received supplemental vitamin A (Vit A) or beta-carotene (beta-Car), compounds previously found to reduce radiation disease in mice subjected to partial-body X-irradiation. Given directly after TBR, supplemental Vit A decreased mortality, evidenced by increases in the radiation dose required to kill 50% of the mice within 30 days (LD50/30). In one experiment, Vit A increased the LD50/30 from 555 to 620 rad; in another experiment, Vit A increasedmore » the dose from 505 to 630 rad. Similarly, in a third experiment, supplemental beta-Car increased the LD50/30 from 510 to 645 rad. Additionally, each compound increased the survival times, even of those mice that died within 30 days. In addition to reduction of mortality and prolongation of survival time, supplemental Vit A moderated weight loss, adrenal gland hyperemia, thymus involution, and lymphopenia--all signs of radiation toxicity. Delaying the supplementation for 2 days after irradiation did not greatly reduce the efficacy of Vit A; however, delaying supplementation for 6 days decreased its effect almost completely.« less

Evaluation of the possible nephroprotective effects of vitamin E and rosuvastatin in amikacin-induced renal injury in rats.

PubMed

Selim, Ahmed; Khalaf, Marwa M; Gad, Amany M; Abd El-Raouf, Ola M

2017-11-01

Amikacin (AMIK) is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that possesses considerable nephrotoxic adverse effects. This study examined the protective effects of vitamin E (VIT. E) or rosuvastatin (ROSU) against AMIK-induced nephrotoxicity. For this purpose, eight groups of rats were used. Two control groups received saline and vehicle, AMIK group (1.2 g/kg, i.p.), VIT. E group (1000 mg/kg; p.o.), ROSU group (10 mg/kg; p.o.), AMIK + VIT. E group, AMIK + ROSU group, and combination group. The results showed that AMIK significantly increased serum levels of urea and creatinine. Meanwhile, serum levels of total protein and albumin were decreased. The kidney content of malondialdehyde was increased, whereas glutathione content and catalase activity were decreased. Tumor necrosis factor-α and nuclear transcriptional factor levels were increased. Conversely, administration of VIT. E and/or ROSU with AMIK ameliorated such damage and reduced DNA fragmentation, apoptosis, and necrosis. In conclusion, co-administration of VIT. E, ROSU, or their combination alleviated AMIK-induced nephrotoxicity. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) is reduced to pyrroloquinoline quinol (PQQH2) by vitamin C, and PQQH2 produced is recycled to PQQ by air oxidation in buffer solution at pH 7.4.

PubMed

Mukai, Kazuo; Ouchi, Aya; Nagaoka, Shin-ichi; Nakano, Masahiko; Ikemoto, Kazuto

2016-01-01

Measurements of the reaction of sodium salt of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQNa2) with vitamin C (Vit C) were performed in phosphate-buffered solution (pH 7.4) at 25 °C under nitrogen atmosphere, using UV-vis spectrophotometry. The absorption spectrum of PQQNa2 decreased in intensity due to the reaction with Vit C and was changed to that of pyrroloquinoline quinol (PQQH2, a reduced form of PQQ). One molecule of PQQ was reduced by two molecules of Vit C producing a molecule of PQQH2 in the buffer solution. PQQH2, thus produced, was recycled to PQQ due to air oxidation. PQQ and Vit C coexist in many biological systems, such as vegetables, fruits, as well as in human tissues. The results obtained suggest that PQQ is reduced by Vit C and functions as an antioxidant in biological systems, because it has been reported that PQQH2 shows very high free-radical scavenging and singlet-oxygen quenching activities in buffer solutions.

Characterization of the interface between the bulk glass forming alloy Zr{sub 41}Ti{sub 14}Cu{sub 12}Ni{sub 10}Be{sub 23} with pure metals and ceramics

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Schroers, Jan; Samwer, Konrad; Szuecs, Frigyes

The reaction of the bulk glass forming alloy Zr{sub 41}Ti{sub 14}Cu{sub 12}Ni{sub 10}Be{sub 23} (Vit 1) with W, Ta, Mo, AlN, Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}, Si, graphite, and amorphous carbon was investigated. Vit 1 samples were melted and subsequently solidified after different processing times on discs of the different materials. Sessile drop examinations of the macroscopic wetting of Vit 1 on the discs as a function of temperature were carried out in situ with a digital optical camera. The reactions at the interfaces between the Vit 1 sample and the different disc materials were investigated with an electron microprobe. The structuremore » and thermal stability of the processed Vit 1 samples were examined by x-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. The results are discussed in terms of possible applications for composite materials. (c) 2000 Materials Research Society.« less

25-Hydroxy vitamin D suppresses hepatitis C virus replication and contributes to rapid virological response of treatment efficacy.

PubMed

Huang, Jee-Fu; Ko, Yu-Min; Huang, Chung-Feng; Yeh, Ming-Lun; Dai, Chia-Yen; Hsieh, Meng-Hsuan; Huang, Ching-I; Yang, Hua-Ling; Wang, Shu-Chi; Lin, Zu-Yau; Chen, Shinn-Chern; Yu, Ming-Lung; Chuang, Wan-Long

2017-12-01

25-Hydroxy vitamin D (Vit D) plays a role in treatment outcomes in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. We aimed to clarify whether HCV replication is inhibited by Vit D in HCV replicon cells. Clinical implication was assessed for rapid virological response (RVR) and sustained virological response (SVR) among those patients receiving antiviral therapy. Cell survival and viral loads were observed in Con1 (genotype 1b) and J6/JFH (genotype 2a) cells treated with different doses of Vit D. Three groups of patients with different treatment responses were recruited to assess their Vit D levels: group A, RVR-/SVR-; group B, RVR+/SVR-; and group C, RVR+/SVR+. The viral load of Con1 cells decreased by 69%, 80%, and 86% following treatment with 1 μM, 5 μM, and 10 μM Vit D, respectively (P < 0.0001). In J6/JFH cells, it decreased by 12%, 55%, and 80.5% following treatment with 1 μM, 5 μM, and 10 μM Vit D, respectively (P < 0.0001). There was a significant increase of Vit D between chronic hepatitis C groups, ranging from 4.4 ± 5.6 ng/mL in group A (n = 44), to 17.2 ± 11.6 ng/mL in group B (n = 44), and 32.5 ± 37.5 ng/mL of group C (n = 44) (P < 0.001). Advanced fibrosis (odds ratio = 0.13, 95% confidence interval = 0.04-0.41, P < 0.001) and Vit D deficiency (<10 ng/mL) (odds ratio = 0.11, 95% confidence interval = 0.03-0.43, P = 0.001) were predictive of SVR in the multivariate regression analysis. Vitamin D decreases HCV replication and also contributes to early treatment viral kinetics. © 2017 The Japan Society of Hepatology.

Influence of conjugated linoleic acids and vitamin E on milk fatty acid composition and concentrations of vitamin A and α-tocopherol in blood and milk of dairy cows.

PubMed

Schäfers, S; Meyer, U; von Soosten, D; Hüther, L; Drong, C; Eder, K; Most, E; Tröscher, A; Pelletier, W; Zeyner, A; Dänicke, S

2018-02-01

The objective of this trial was to investigate the influences of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and vitamin E (Vit. E) and their interactions on fatty acid composition and vitamins in milk (α-tocopherol, retinol and β-carotene) as well as on α-tocopherol in blood of pluriparous cows from week 6 ante partum until week 10 post-partum (p.p.). We assigned 59 pluriparous German Holstein cows to four treatment groups with the treatment factors CLA and Vit. E at two levels in a 2 × 2 factorial design. Milk fatty acid composition and milk vitamins were analysed on lactation days 7 and 28. α-tocopherol in blood serum was analysed on days -42, -7, 1, 7, 14, 28 and 70 relative to parturition. Milk concentration of α-tocopherol was influenced by Vit. E (p < .001) and CLA (p = .034). Percentage of cis-9, trans-11 CLA in total milk fat was influenced by treatment with CLA (p < .001), while for percentage of trans-10, cis-12 CLA an interaction between treatment and day (p = .019), driven by an increase in both CLA groups from day 7 to day 28, was found. Serum ratios of α-tocopherol to cholesterol were influenced by Vit. E (p < .001). Results suggest that treatment with CLA during late pregnancy and early lactation is suitable to enhance the proportion of trans-10, cis-12 CLA in milk and thereby influencing nutritional properties. As treatment with Vit. E did not have an impact on milk fatty acid composition, it might be possible to increase the antioxidative capacity of the dairy cow without affecting milk properties. Consequently, combined treatment with CLA and Vit. E might elicit synergistic effects on the cow and milk quality by increasing the proportion of CLA in milk fat as well as the excretion of Vit. E and the Vit. E levels in serum. © 2017 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.

Vitamin D attenuates pro-inflammatory TNF-α cytokine expression by inhibiting NF-кB/p65 signaling in hypertrophied rat hearts.

PubMed

Al-Rasheed, Nawal M; Al-Rasheed, Nouf M; Bassiouni, Yieldez A; Hasan, Iman H; Al-Amin, Maha A; Al-Ajmi, Hanaa N; Mohamad, Raeesa A

2015-06-01

A growing body of evidence suggests that immune activation and inflammatory mediators may play a key role in the development and progression of left ventricle (LV) hypertrophy. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that the cardioprotective effect of cholecalciferol (Vit-D3) is mediated via the regulation of messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group received normal saline (0.9 % NaCl) i.p. for 14 days; Vit-D3 group received Vit-D3 at a dose of 12 μg/kg/day by gavage for 14 days; ISO group received saline for 7 days, and at day 7, ISO (5 mg/kg/day) was injected i.p. for 7 consecutive days to induce cardiac hypertrophy; and Vit-D3 + ISO group was treated with Vit-D3 for 14 days, and at day 7, ISO was administered for 7 consecutive days. Heart/body weight ratio, troponin-T, creatine kinase-MB, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels of LV tissue were estimated. Levels of mRNA expression of NF-кB (NF-кB)/p65 and inhibitory kappa B (IкB)-α were determined by real-time PCR. Vit-D3 administration before and during induction of cardiac hypertrophy significantly reduced (P < 0.001) cardiac biomarkers. The histopathological examination further confirmed these results. In addition, Vit-D3 significantly decreased (P < 0.001) NF-кB-p65 mRNA expression and increased (P < 0.01) IкB-α mRNA expression in LV tissues compared to ISO group. Based on these findings, it was concluded that the administration of cholecalciferol markedly attenuated the development of ISO-induced cardiac hypertrophy likely through downregulation of TNF-α /NF-кb/p65 signaling pathways. However, it should be pointed out that other signaling pathways may contribute to the cardioprotective effect of Vit-D3 which requires further investigation.

Vitamin D supplementation in bipolar depression: A double blind placebo controlled trial.

PubMed

Marsh, Wendy K; Penny, Jessica L; Rothschild, Anthony J

2017-12-01

Bipolar depression is difficult to treat. Vitamin D supplementation is well tolerated and may improve mood via its neurotransmitter synthesis regulation, nerve growth factor enhancement and antioxidant properties. Vitamin D adjunct reduces unipolar depression, but has not been tried in bipolar depression. 18-70yos with DSM IV bipolar depression and Vitamin D deficiency (<30 ng/ml) were randomized in a controlled double blind trial of 5000IU Vitamin D 3 po qday supplementation versus placebo for twelve weeks. Change in Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), medication, and tolerance were assessed q2weeks. 16 VitD vs 17 placebo subjects did not differ in baseline characteristics (mean = 44 yo, SD = 13), VitD level (19.2 ± 65.8  g/ml vs 19.3 ± 5.5 ng/ml respectively) or mood ratings (MADRS 21.3 ± 6.4 vs 22.8 ± 6.9 respectively). At 12wks, the placebo group VitD levels remained unchanged, while the VitD group levels increased to 28 ng/ml. MADRS score decreased significantly in both placebo (mean = 6.42 (95% CI [2.28 to 10.56]) and VitD groups (mean = 9.54 (95% CI[3.51 to 15.56]) (p = 0.031), but there were no differences between treatment groups (time by treatment interaction estimate: 0.29, t (23)  = 0.14, p = 0.89); VitD and placebo groups had similar reductions in YMRS and HAM-A. Vitamin D 3 was well tolerated. In this small study, despite a greater rise in Vitamin D levels in the VitD supplementation group, there was no significant difference reduction in depressive symptoms. However both groups' VitD levels remained deficient. Vitamin D 3 supplementation vs placebo did not improve reduction in mood elevation or anxiety symptoms. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

75 FR 33857 - DWS Advisor Funds, et al.; Notice of Application

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-15

..., Inc., DWS Investment Trust, DWS Investments VIT Funds, DWS Money Funds, DWS Money Market Trust, DWS... VIT Funds are offered to registered separate accounts (``Registered Separate Accounts'') and...

Characterization of Ceramic Composite Materials Using Terahertz Non-Destructive Evaluation Techniques (Preprint)

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-08-01

1.50 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 Re fle cti vit y Frequency (THz) Pre-Treatment Post Heat Treatment Heat Treatment of SiNC Based CMC a 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75...1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 -0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 Re fle cti vit y Frequency (THz) Pre-Treatment Post...Post Dwell Fatigue Treatment Re fle cti vit y Frequency (THz) 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 Re fle cti vit y

Vitamin E and regression of hypercholesterolemia-induced oxidative stress in kidney.

PubMed

Prasad, Kailash

2014-01-01

Hypercholesterolemia (HC) is an independent risk factor for the onset and progression of renal disease. HC induces oxidative stress (OS) in the kidney; Vitamin E (Vit.E), an antioxidant, slows the progression of OS in the kidney. This study was to investigate if Vit.E regresses the HC-induced OS, and the regression is associated with an increase in the antioxidant reserve (AR). The studies were carried out in four groups of rabbits. The kidneys were removed under anesthesia. OS and AR in the renal tissue were assessed by measuring malondialdetyde (MDA) and chemiluminescent (CL) activity, respectively. High-cholesterol diet elevated the serum total cholesterol (TC), and the regular diet with or without Vit.E following a high-cholesterol diet reduced the serum TC to control levels. HC increased the MDA levels of kidney by 5.54-fold compared to control. The MDA contents of the kidneys in groups on regular diet with or without Vit.E were, respectively, 56 and 53 % lower than the control group. The CL activity in the control group was 12.15 ± 0.73 × 10(6) RLU/mg protein. The CL activity in HC group was 45.26 % lower than that in control, indicating an increase in AR. The regular diet with or without Vit.E following high-cholesterol diet normalized the CL activity/AR. In conclusion, HC increases OS in the kidney; reduction of serum cholesterol by regular diet regresses the renal OS but Vit.E does not regress HC-induced OS in kidney.

Resveratrol regulates hyperglycemia-induced modulations in experimental diabetic animal model.

PubMed

Rehman, Kanwal; Saeed, Kiran; Munawar, Syeda Mehak; Akash, Muhammad Sajid Hamid

2018-06-01

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder that is associated with variable degrees of glucose intolerance, impaired insulin secretion, insulin resistance and increased hepatic glucose production. The aim of present study was to investigate the therapeutic potentials of resveratrol (RSV) alone and/or in combination with vitamin-E (Vit-E) against hyperglycemia-induced modulations using experimentally alloxan-induced diabetic animal model. Alloxan was used to induce diabetes mellitus in white albino rats and metformin (MF) was used as standard anti-diabetic drug to compare the therapeutic potentials of RSV (alone and/or with Vit-E) by estimating the effect of treatment on glycemia, insulin resistance, liver and kidney function biomarkers, anti-oxidant status, and serum levels of calcium and magnesium. The results of present study indicate the RSV (P < 0.001) alone and/or in combination with Vit-E (P < 0.001) exhibited a highly significant therapeutic potentials by ameliorating the glycemia-induced modulations. Moreover, we also found that RSV in combination with Vit-E also exhibited a better therapeutic effects when compared with that of MF (P < 0.001) and Vit-E (P < 0.05), respectively. Hence, we conclude that RSV alone and/or in combination with Vit-E exhibit its significant therapeutic potentials against hyperglycemia-induced modulations in experimental diabetic animal model and may be one of the most exciting prospect for future treatment of T2DM. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Debilitating beliefs and emotional distress in patients given immunotherapy for insect sting allergy: a prospective study.

PubMed

Confino-Cohen, Ronit; Melamed, Samuel; Goldberg, Arnon

2009-01-01

Patients who receive venom immunotherapy (VIT) for systemic reactions (SRs) to insect stings are advised that once they reach the maintenance dose they are almost 100% protected against future SRs. However, initial evidence indicates that some patients continue to perceive themselves as highly debilitated by the allergy and are preoccupied with the allergic event. These factors have significant impact on their emotional well-being and allergy-related quality of life (ARQOL). We aimed to explore prospectively whether patients would experience these adverse psychological outcomes after receiving VIT coupled with professional explanation and reassurance of protection. Thirty-four patients who received VIT for systemic insect allergy and were under close medical surveillance were included. Before and 1 year after initiation of treatment, patients completed a questionnaire that measured debilitating beliefs, preoccupation with the SR event, emotional distress ARQOL, and QOL in general. Physician-graded severity of the reaction was recorded as well. VIT had a beneficial effect on all allergy-related variables. Self-imposed debilitating beliefs, preoccupation with the anaphylactic event, and ARQOL significantly but modestly improved over time. No association was found between ARQOL and QOL in general. The later variable as well as emotional distress remained unchanged after the VIT. This study shows that patients with sting allergy guided by trained personnel and treated with VIT show a reduction in dysfunctional beliefs and an improvement in ARQOL. Disputing medically unfounded beliefs that persist in some patients might improve their ARQOL.

Stinging insect allergy: current perspectives on venom immunotherapy

PubMed Central

Ludman, Sian W; Boyle, Robert J

2015-01-01

Systemic allergic reactions to insect stings affect up to 5% of the population during their lifetime, and up to 32% of beekeepers. Such reactions can be fatal, albeit very rarely, and fear of a further systemic reaction (SR) can lead to significant anxiety and quality of life impairment. A recent Cochrane systematic review confirmed that venom immunotherapy (VIT) is an effective treatment for people who have had a systemic allergic reaction to an insect sting. VIT reduces risk of a further SR (relative risk 0.10, 95% confidence interval 0.03–0.28), but VIT also reduces risk of a future large local reaction, and significantly improves disease-specific quality of life. However, health economic analysis showed that VIT is generally not cost effective for preventing future SRs; most people are stung infrequently, most SRs resolve without long-term consequences, and a fatal outcome is extremely rare. VIT only becomes cost effective if one is stung frequently (eg, beekeepers) or if quality of life improvement is considered. Thus, for most people with insect sting allergy, anxiety and quality of life impairment should be the overriding consideration when making treatment decisions, highlighting the importance of a patient-centered approach. Areas which need to be explored in future research include efforts to improve the safety and convenience of VIT such as the use of sublingual immunotherapy; quality of life effects of venom allergy in children and adolescents as well as their parents; and the optimal duration of treatment. PMID:26229493

Effects of emodin and vitamin E on the growth and crowding stress of Wuchang bream (Megalobrama amblycephala).

PubMed

Liu, Bo; Xu, Pao; Xie, Jun; Ge, Xianping; Xia, Silei; Song, Changyou; Zhou, Qunlan; Miao, Linghong; Ren, Mingchun; Pan, Liangkun; Chen, Ruli

2014-10-01

This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary emodin, high-dose vitamin E and their combination on the growth of Megalobrama amblycephala and its resistance to acute crowding stress. The fish were randomly divided into four groups: a control group fed with basal diet, and three treatment groups fed with basal diet supplemented with 60 mg/kg emodin (the emodin group), 500 mg/kg vitamin E (the vit E group), and 60 mg/kg emodin together with 500 mg/kg vitamin E (the combination group). After 60 days, the fish were exposed to acute crowding stress for 24 h. The results showed that the weight gain of the vit E group, specific growth rate of the vit E group, total serum protein concentration (TP) of the vit E group, serum lysozyme activity of the emodin group, serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of the emodin group, hepatic heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) levels of the vit E group and the emodin group, and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity of the combination group significantly increased while the weight gain and specific growth rate of the combination group significantly decreased compared with the control group before stress. After crowding stress, the vit E group had improved serum TP 12 h post-stress, hepatic SOD activity 24 h post-stress, and hepatic HSP70 mRNA levels 12 and 24 h post-stress while the emodin group had enhanced serum SOD activity 12 and 24 h post-stress and hepatic HSP70 mRNA levels 12 and 24 h post-stress, as compared with the control. However, the serum cortisol content of the three treatment groups 12 and 24 h post-stress, ALT activity in the vit E group and emodin group 24 h post-stress, and serum alkaline phosphatase and liver catalase activity in the combination group 24 h post-stress were lower than those in the control group. The cumulative mortality was lower in the emodin, vit E, and combination group after Aeromonas hydrophila infection compared with the control group. Therefore, dietary supplementation with 60 mg/kg emodin or 500 mg/kg vitamin E can improve HSP70 mRNA levels and antioxidant capabilities, resistance to crowding stress, and growth in M. amblycephala. However, the combination of emodin and vit E does not have a synergistic effect in M. amblycephala. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Assessment of vitamin K2 levels in osteoporotic patients: a case control study.

PubMed

Noori, Akram; Lashkari, Mahin; Oveisi, Sonia; Khair Khah, Mohamad Reza; Zargar, Ali

2014-07-14

The aim of this study was to measure the level of Vitamin K2 (Vit K2) in osteoporotic patients and individuals with normal bone density as controls. This case-control study was done in Outpatient Department of Rheumatology at Qazvin Boo-ali Sina Hospital in 2013. Participants were 50 patients with osteoporotic densitometry measured by DEXA (T score? -2.5) who were matched with 48 persons in control group with normal bone density (T score> -1). The level of Vit K2 in samples was measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test and Chi-square test. The level of Vit K2 in patients with osteoporosis was not significantly different from the control group (Median: 75.95 vs. 71.35 nmol/L, respectively; P-value: 0.709). The authors determined cut-offs 75 percentile of vitamin K2 in all participants that was 85 nmol/L and percentages of persons in two groups were similar. Although Vit K2 level in patients with osteoporosis was not significantly different from the control group, further studies are necessary to confirm the association of osteoporosis and Vit K2.

Antioxidative and antigenotoxic effect of vitamin E against patulin cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in HepG2 cells.

PubMed

Ayed-Boussema, Imen; Abassi, Haila; Bouaziz, Chayma; Hlima, Wiem Ben; Ayed, Yosra; Bacha, Hassen

2013-06-01

Patulin (PAT) is a mycotoxin produced in fruits, mainly in apples, by certain species of Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Byssochlamys. It has been shown that PAT is cytotoxic, genotoxic, and mutagenic in different cell types. Several studies incriminate the oxidative stress as a mechanism of PAT-mediated toxicity. In this context, our aim was to investigate the protective role of Vitamin E (Vit E), an antioxidant agent, against PAT induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in cultured HepG2 cells. The obtained results showed that addition of Vit E in cells treated with PAT significantly reduce cell mortality induced by this toxin. In the same conditions, Vit E decreased the intracellular level of ROS, reduced PAT induced p53 expression, and reversed PAT induced DNA damage. In addition, Vit E prevented significantly the percentage of chromosome aberrations induced by PAT in HepG2 cells in a concentration dependant manner. These results suggest that Vit E, an exogenous antioxidant agent, plays an important role in defense against PAT-induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity, which confirms the involvement of oxidative stress in the induction of DNA damage by PAT in HepG2 cells. Copyright © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Investigation of the binding affinity in vitamin B12-Bovine serum albumin system using various spectroscopic methods

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Makarska-Bialokoz, Magdalena

2017-09-01

The binding affinity between vitamin B12 (VitB12) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) has been investigated in aqueous solution at pH = 7.4, employing UV-vis absorption and steady-state, synchronous and three-dimensional fluorescence spectra techniques. Representative effects noted for BSA intrinsic fluorescence resulting from the interactions with VitB12 confirm the formation of π-π stacked non-covalent and non-fluorescent complexes in the system VitB12-BSA. All the determined parameters, the binding, fluorescence quenching and bimolecular quenching rate constants (of the order of 104 L mol- 1, 103 L mol- 1 and 1011 L mol- 1 s- 1, respectively), as well as Förster resonance energy transfer parameters validate the mechanism of static quenching. The interaction with VitB12 induces folding of the polypeptide chains around Trp residues of BSA, resulting in a more hydrophobic surrounding. Presented outcomes suggest that the addition of VitB12 can lead to the more organized BSA conformation and its more folded tertiary structure, what could influence the physiological functions of bovine serum albumin, notably in case of its overuse or abnormal metabolism.

Food selection in relation to nutritional chemistry of Cao Vit gibbons in Jingxi, China.

PubMed

Ma, Changyong; Liao, Jiancun; Fan, Pengfei

2017-01-01

The Cao Vit gibbon (Nomascus nasutus) has only one population with about 110 individuals living in a degraded karst forest along the China-Vietnam border. Investigation of food choice in relation to chemical nutrition will offer important insights into its conservation. We studied the food choice of two groups of Cao Vit gibbons using instantaneous scan sampling in Bangliang National Nature Reserve, Guangxi, China, over 4 years, and analyzed the chemical components (total nitrogen, TN; water-soluble sugar, WSS; crude fat, CF; neutral detergent fiber, NDF; acid detergent fiber, ADF; acid detergent lignin, ADL; condensed tannin, CT; and ash) of 48 food plant parts and 22 non-food plant parts. Fruits and figs that are rich in sugar are important food resources for gibbons. For other food types, flowers are a good source of total nitrogen and carbohydrates, and leaves and buds provide sources of protein and minerals. Cao Vit gibbons selected fruits that contain less total nitrogen, less acid detergent fiber and more water-soluble sugar than non-food fruits. Several food species that were heavily consumed by Cao Vit gibbons are suggested as potential tree species for ongoing habitat restoration.

Does Vitamin C Influence Neurodegenerative Diseases and Psychiatric Disorders?

PubMed Central

Luchowska-Kocot, Dorota; Kiełczykowska, Małgorzata; Musik, Irena; Kurzepa, Jacek

2017-01-01

Vitamin C (Vit C) is considered to be a vital antioxidant molecule in the brain. Intracellular Vit C helps maintain integrity and function of several processes in the central nervous system (CNS), including neuronal maturation and differentiation, myelin formation, synthesis of catecholamine, modulation of neurotransmission and antioxidant protection. The importance of Vit C for CNS function has been proven by the fact that targeted deletion of the sodium-vitamin C co-transporter in mice results in widespread cerebral hemorrhage and death on post-natal day one. Since neurological diseases are characterized by increased free radical generation and the highest concentrations of Vit C in the body are found in the brain and neuroendocrine tissues, it is suggested that Vit C may change the course of neurological diseases and display potential therapeutic roles. The aim of this review is to update the current state of knowledge of the role of vitamin C on neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic sclerosis, as well as psychiatric disorders including depression, anxiety and schizophrenia. The particular attention is attributed to understanding of the mechanisms underlying possible therapeutic properties of ascorbic acid in the presented disorders. PMID:28654017

Protective Effects of Selenium, Vitamin E, and Purple Carrot Anthocyanins on D-Galactose-Induced Oxidative Damage in Blood, Liver, Heart and Kidney Rats.

PubMed

Li, Xia; Zhang, Yunlong; Yuan, Yuan; Sun, Yong; Qin, Yan; Deng, Zeyuan; Li, Hongyan

2016-10-01

The present study was performed to investigate the protective effects of selenium (Se), vitamin E (Vit E) and anthocyanins from purple carrots and their combination against the oxidative stress induced by D-galactose in rats. A total of 80 male rats were equally divided into 11 groups, one of which acted as control (I) just receiving intraperitoneal injections of physiological saline. The remaining ten groups (II-XI) were intraperitoneally injected with D-galactose at a dose of 400 mg kg(-1) body weight (BW) per day for 42 consecutive days. Rats in groups III-XI were treated with antioxidants via gavage per day as follows: group III: Se-methylselenocysteine (SeMSC), IV: Se as sodium selenite (Na2SeO3), V: Se-enriched yeast (SeY), VI: Vit E as α-tocopherol acetate, VII: anthocyanin from purple carrots (APC), VIII: APC + Vit E, IX: SeMSC + APC+ Vit E, X: Na2SeO3 + APC + Vit E, XI: SeY + Ant + Vit E. The results showed that the rats treated with antioxidants (III-XI) showed significant decreases in the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and carbonyl protein (PCO) compared with the D-galactose-treated group (II) in the heart, liver, kidneys, and blood. Moreover, there were significant increases in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione (GSH) concentration, and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in the heart, liver, kidneys, and blood of antioxidant-treated animals (III-XI) than those in control group (I). In addition, the combined treatments of two or three antioxidants showed greater antioxidant activities than those of individual treatments, suggesting the synergistic antioxidant effects of Se, Vit E, and APC. In conclusion, all the antioxidants exhibited protective effects against D-galactose-induced oxidative damage in rats, and these antioxidants showed a synergistic effect.

Effect of selenium and vitamin E on acrosome reaction in porcine spermatozoa.

PubMed

Tareq, K M A; Akter, Quzi Sharmin; Takagi, Yuji; Hamano, Koh-Ichi; Sawada, Tomio; Tsujii, Hirotada

2010-06-01

Selenium (Se) and vitamin E (Vit-E), as an integral part of antioxidant systems, play an important role in the motility and acrosome reaction (AR) of mammalian spermatozoa. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Se and Vit-E on motility, viability, AR and accumulation of ammonia in the culture medium during different incubation periods in porcine sperm. Sperm samples were washed, swum-up and incubated at 37°C for 1 and 3 h in Sp-TALP medium supplemented with sodium selenite (SS), seleon l-methionine (SeMet) and Vit-E in the presence or absence of ammonia. Sperm motility was determined on the basis of movement quality examined by phase microscopy. Viability and AR of spermatozoa were assessed by Hoechst 33258 and chlortetracycline (CTC) staining technique, and accumulation of ammonia was measured by the indophenol method. The incorporation of 14 C(U)-glucose was assessed with a liquid scintillation counter. In experiment 1, the sperm motility, viability, AR and incorporation of 14 C(U)-glucose increased significantly ( P < 0.05) in SS, SeMet and Vit-E (5, 5 μg/l and 1.0 mM, respectively) compared with the control. In experiment 2, treatment of the sperm with SeMet and SeMet + Vit-E in the presence of 300 μM ammonia also resulted in a significant increase ( P < 0.05) in the rate of motility, viability, AR and incorporation of 14 C(U)-glucose. In contrast, the accumulation of ammonia was reduced by SeMet and SeMet + Vit-E compared with the other treatments. These findings indicate that SeMet and SeMet + Vit-E may play an important role in reducing the accumulation of ammonia and subsequently in increasing the rate of AR and the utilization of glucose in porcine spermatozoa.

Effect of Varroa destructor, Wounding and Varroa Homogenate on Gene Expression in Brood and Adult Honey Bees.

PubMed

Koleoglu, Gun; Goodwin, Paul H; Reyes-Quintana, Mariana; Hamiduzzaman, Mollah Md; Guzman-Novoa, Ernesto

2017-01-01

Honey bee (Apis mellifera) gene expression related to immunity for hymenoptaecin (AmHym) and defensin-1 (AmDef-1), longevity for vitellogenin (AmVit2) and stem cell proliferation for poly U binding factor 68 kDa (AmPuf68) was compared following Varroa destructor parasitism, buffer injection and injection of V. destructor compounds in its homogenate. In adults, V. destructor parasitism decreased expression of all four genes, while buffer injection decreased expression of AmHym, AmPuf68 and AmVit2, and homogenate injection decreased expression of AmPuf68 and AmVit2 but increased expression of AmDef-1 relative to their respective controls. The effect of V. destructor parasitism in adults relative to the controls was not significantly different from buffer injection for AmHym and AmVit2 expression, and it was not significantly different from homogenate injection for AmPuf68 and AmVit2. In brood, V. destructor parasitism, buffer injection and homogenate injection decreased AmVit2 expression, whereas AmHym expression was decreased by V. destructor parasitism but increased by buffer and homogenate injection relative to the controls. The effect of varroa parasitism in brood was not significantly different from buffer or homogenate injection for AmPuf68 and AmVit2. Expression levels of the four genes did not correlate with detectable viral levels in either brood or adults. The results of this study indicate that the relative effects of V. destructor parasitism on honey bee gene expression are also shared with other types of stresses. Therefore, some of the effects of V. destructor on honey bees may be mostly due to wounding and injection of foreign compounds into the hemolymph of the bee during parasitism. Although both brood and adults are naturally parasitized by V. destructor, their gene expression responded differently, probably the result of different mechanisms of host responses during development.

Evaluation of oxidative stress in placenta of fetal cardiac dysfunction rat model and antioxidant defenses of maternal vitamin C supplementation with the impacts on P-glycoprotein.

PubMed

Li, Yifei; Fang, Jie; Zhou, Kaiyu; Wang, Chuan; Mu, Dezhi; Hua, Yimin

2014-06-01

The oxidative stress of placenta during fetal heart dysfunction (FHD) is lack of evaluation. So, we carried out an experiment to explore whether vitamin C (VitC) can be supplied for placental protection under FHD and its impacts on P-glycoprotein expression. Fetal heart dysfunction was induced by two intra-amniotic injections of isoproterenol, then (VitC) was supplied. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to evaluate placental histology, and oxidative stress was measured by total antioxidant capacity, total superoxide dismutase and level of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), as well as apoptosis rate. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was adopted to measure the expressions of superoxide dismutase-1 (Sod-1), glutathione peroxidase-1 (Gpx-1) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in placenta. Finally, western blot was performed to detect P-glycoprotein expression. All isoproterenol twice-treated fetuses exhibited significant (P < 0.05) contractile dysfunction by fetal echocardiography compared to others. The HE staining showed severe placental hydrops in the FHD group, and that hydrops could be reduced by VitC treatment. Total antioxidant capacity and total Sod-1 decreased in FHD and elevated after VitC supplementation. Also, level of AOPP increased in FHD and dropped after VitC supplementation. Analysis of apoptosis demonstrated that there was a mild increase in apoptosis rate of FHD. Reductions of Sod-1 and eNOS mRNA expression were confirmed in FHD, but these could recovered after VitC supplementation, with the same tendency of the P-glycoprotein. Severe oxidative injuries were identified in placentas of FHD with P-glycoprotein repression. VitC administration can reduce the oxidative stress and rebuild the protective mechanism of placenta. © 2014 The Authors. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research © 2014 Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology.

Effect of Varroa destructor, Wounding and Varroa Homogenate on Gene Expression in Brood and Adult Honey Bees

PubMed Central

Koleoglu, Gun; Goodwin, Paul H.; Reyes-Quintana, Mariana; Hamiduzzaman, Mollah Md.; Guzman-Novoa, Ernesto

2017-01-01

Honey bee (Apis mellifera) gene expression related to immunity for hymenoptaecin (AmHym) and defensin-1 (AmDef-1), longevity for vitellogenin (AmVit2) and stem cell proliferation for poly U binding factor 68 kDa (AmPuf68) was compared following Varroa destructor parasitism, buffer injection and injection of V. destructor compounds in its homogenate. In adults, V. destructor parasitism decreased expression of all four genes, while buffer injection decreased expression of AmHym, AmPuf68 and AmVit2, and homogenate injection decreased expression of AmPuf68 and AmVit2 but increased expression of AmDef-1 relative to their respective controls. The effect of V. destructor parasitism in adults relative to the controls was not significantly different from buffer injection for AmHym and AmVit2 expression, and it was not significantly different from homogenate injection for AmPuf68 and AmVit2. In brood, V. destructor parasitism, buffer injection and homogenate injection decreased AmVit2 expression, whereas AmHym expression was decreased by V. destructor parasitism but increased by buffer and homogenate injection relative to the controls. The effect of varroa parasitism in brood was not significantly different from buffer or homogenate injection for AmPuf68 and AmVit2. Expression levels of the four genes did not correlate with detectable viral levels in either brood or adults. The results of this study indicate that the relative effects of V. destructor parasitism on honey bee gene expression are also shared with other types of stresses. Therefore, some of the effects of V. destructor on honey bees may be mostly due to wounding and injection of foreign compounds into the hemolymph of the bee during parasitism. Although both brood and adults are naturally parasitized by V. destructor, their gene expression responded differently, probably the result of different mechanisms of host responses during development. PMID:28081188

Efficacy of vitamin C vaginal tablets in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis: a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled clinical trial.

PubMed

Petersen, Eiko E; Genet, Margherita; Caserini, Maurizio; Palmieri, Renata

2011-01-01

A randomised, double blind, parallel groups, placebo controlled clinical trial was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety profile of 250 mg ascorbic acid (Vit. C, Vagi C) in women with bacterial vaginosis (BV). Overall, 277 out-patients with at least three of the following signs (white discharge that smoothly coats the vaginal walls, pH of vaginal fluid > 4.5, a fishy odour of vaginal discharge before or after addition of 10% KOH and presence of clue cells on microscopic examination) were randomised to apply a tablet deeply into the vagina once daily for 6 days. The primary efficacy endpoint was the cure rate, defined as the recovery of all inclusion criteria. In the intent-to-treat (ITT) population, cure was achieved by 55.3% of patients with Vit. C (n=141) and by 25.7% of patients with placebo (n=136). The between-group difference was 29.6% (p < 0.001). In the per-protocol (PP) population, cure rate was 66.4% with Vit. C (n=116) and 27.1% with placebo (n = 118), respectively. Between-group difference was 39.3% (p < 0.001). In a subset of patients with centralised evaluation of the vaginal swab, cure in ITT was achieved by 86.3% of patients with Vit. C (n=51) and by 7.6% of patients with placebo (n=53), the between-group difference was 78.7% (p < 0.0001). Cure rate in PP was 86.0% with Vit. C (n=50) and 6.1% with placebo (n=49), between-group difference was 79.9% (p < 0.0001). Both Vit. C and placebo were well tolerated and no differences in safety profile were evident between groups. The results support an effective and safe use of silicon-coated Vit. C vaginal tablets in the management of BV.

Human amniotic membrane and vitamin E/selenium for control of postoperative adhesion in dogs.

PubMed

El-Daharawyn, Mohamed; Hela, Ibrahim

2011-11-01

This study was undertaken to compare between the human amniotic membrane (HAM) and intraperitoneal vitamin E (Vit E) and selenium in prevention of postoperative adhesions in dogs. A total of 18 apparently healthy adult Mongrel dogs were divided into three equal groups and the group (I) was treated with a sterile solution of 0.9% sodium chloride intraperitoneally as a control. Group II was treated with the HAM at jejunal enterotomy while group III was treated with Vit E and selenium administered intraperitonally. Dogs were euthanized 30 days postoperatively for histopathological examination. The results showed that both HAM and Vit E and selenium were effective in reduction of the postoperative adhesion in comparison with the group I. In terms of extent of adhesions, there was no significant difference between the HAM group and the Vit E and selenium group.

Predicting switched-bias response from steady-state irradiations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fleetwood, D. M.; Winokur, P. S.; Riewe, L. C.

1990-12-01

A novel semiempirical model of radiation-induced charge neutralization is presented. This model is combined with 12 heuristic guidelines derived from studies of oxide- and interface-trap charge (Delta Vot and Delta Vit) buildup and annealing to develop a method to predict MOS switched-bias response from steady-state irradiations, with no free parameters. For n-channel MOS devices, predictions of Delta Vot, Delta Vit, and mobility degradation differ from experimental values through irradiation by less than 30 percent in all cases considered. This is demonstrated for gate oxides with widely varying Delta Vot and Delta Vit and for parasitic field oxides. Preliminary results suggest that n-channel MOS Delta Vot annealing and Delta Vit buildup following switched-bias irradiation and through switched-bias annealing also may be predicted with less than 30 percent error. The p-channel MOS response at high frequencies is more difficult to predict.

Biophotonic perception on Desmodesmus sp. VIT growth, lipid and carbohydrate content.

PubMed

Sriram, Srinivasan; Seenivasan, Ramasubbu

2015-12-01

Constant and fluctuating light intensity significantly affects the growth and biochemical composition of microalgae and it is essential to identify suitable illumination conditions for commercial microalgae biofuel production. In the present study, effects of light intensities, light:dark cycles, incremental light intensity strategies and fluctuating light intensities simulating different sky conditions in indoor photobioreactor on Desmodesmus sp. VIT growth, lipid and carbohydrate content were analyzed in batch culture. The results revealed that Desmodesmus sp. VIT obtained maximum lipid content (22.5%) and biomass production (1.033 g/L) under incremental light intensity strategy. The highest carbohydrate content of 25.4% was observed under constant light intensity of 16,000 lx and 16:08 h light:dark cycle. The maximum biomass productivity of Desmodesmus sp. VIT (53.38 mg/L/d) was occurred under fluctuating light intensity simulating intermediate overcast sky condition. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Effect of vitamin E and selenium separately and in combination on biochemical, immunological and histological changes induced by sodium azide in male mice.

PubMed

El-Shenawy, Nahla S; AL-Harbi, Mohammad S; Hamza, Reham Z

2015-01-01

Sodium azide (SA) is used as an active ingredient to control a broad spectrum of soil borne pathogens including insects, weeds, nematodes, fungi, and bacteria. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ameliorator property of vitamin E (Vit E) or/and selenium (Se) against SA-induced injury in male mice at the biochemical, immunological and histological levels. The mice were divided into nine groups (10/group). The first three groups were served as control, Vit E and Se while, the second three groups were treated with three different doses of SA. The last three groups were treated with high dose of SA with Vit E or Se or Vit E and Se and all animals were treated for a period of 30 days. Exposure to SA at the three doses to mice led to an alternation of liver and kidney functions, decrease the testosterone concentration, decreased IgG and IgM levels as well as the increasing the TNF-α. The effects of SA on the biochemical parameters of mice were dose-dependent. Administration of Se or/and Vit E to SA-treated mice attenuates the toxicity of this compound, objectified by biochemical and histological improvement of liver, kidney and testis. But, the alleviation is more pronounced with the both antioxidants. Thus, the synergistic effect of Se and Vit E is most powerful in reducing the toxicity induced by SA and improving the humoral immune response of mice. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Vitamin E-coated polysulfone membrane improved red blood cell antioxidant status in hemodialysis patients.

PubMed

Bargnoux, Anne-Sophie; Cristol, Jean-Paul; Jaussent, Isabelle; Chalabi, Lotfi; Bories, Pierre; Dion, Jean-Jacques; Henri, Patrick; Delage, Martine; Dupuy, Anne-Marie; Badiou, Stéphanie; Canaud, Bernard; Morena, Marion

2013-01-01

Oxidative stress has emerged as a strong pathogenic cofactor implicated in the development of long-term complications in hemodialysis (HD) patients, such as anemia, and as a major component of the malnutrition inflammation complex syndrome. This prospective multicenter study aimed at evaluating the short-term effects of the new vitamin E (vitE)-coated polysulfone (PS) membrane (VitabranE) on biocompatibility performances and anemia in HD patients. After a 3-month washout period with a high-flux synthetic dialyzer, 43 HD patients were switched to a vitE-PS dialyzer. Sampling was performed at baseline (corresponding to the end of the washout period) and after 1, 2 and 3 months of treatment. Oxidative stress status, as well as inflammatory parameters, was investigated at the end of each study period. Hemoglobin levels and administered doses of recombinant human erythropoietin or epoetin (EPO) were available in each center. The use of vitE-coated membranes for 3 months was not associated with any change in inflammatory parameters. By contrast, vitE-PS dialyzer resulted in a progressive increase in red blood cell (RBC) vitE concentration and in RBC superoxide dismutase activity. A concomitant progressive significant decrease in advanced oxidation protein product concentration at 2 months was observed, suggesting a preventive effect on oxidative stress. Finally, a significant decrease of the erythropoietin resistance index was obtained after 3 months of treatment. Use of the vitE-PS membrane during a short period improves erythrocyte antioxidant defense mechanisms and seems to lead to a reduction in EPO requirements in HD patients.

The synergistic effect of ω3 and Vit D3 on glycemia and TNF-α in islet transplantation.

PubMed

Gurol, A O; Okten-Kursun, A; Kasapoglu, P; Suzergoz, F; Kucuksezer, U C; Cevik, A; Tutuncu, Y; Yentur, S P; Gurol, S D; Kucuk, M; Yilmaz, M T

2016-01-27

The current treatment of type 1 diabetes consists of insulin administration. Transplantation of islets of Langerhans is considered very favorable because the full effect of insulin treatment cannot be obtained in severe cases. Although agents such as omega-3 (ω3) and vitamin D3 (Vit D3) are known to contribute to the success of islet allo-transplantation (ITX), in this study we aimed to experimentally determine their effects on glycemia and TNF-α production. Wistar albino rats, which were used as recipients, were given ω3, Vit D3, and islets by gavage, and intraperitoneal- and intraportal injections, respectively. Daclizumab (DAC) was used for immunosuppression. Glycemia levels decreased in rats treated with ω3 and vit D3. TNF-α increased in all groups due to application of STZ. After ITX (day +1), the weakest increase was observed in the ω3 + Vit D3 group. In the ITX+DAC group, compared with that of ITX only, DAC was shown to decrease levels of TNF- α following ITX, only in control group, however, similar levels of TNF-α were observed in other groups. The values in the treated groups were already lower than those of the controls in the ITX group and also remained almost equal in the ITX+DAC group. We suggest that the use of ω3 and Vit D3 together will improve the pro-inflammatory aspect encountered during and after ITXs, and contribute to the reduction of the dose of immunosuppressants in these procedures.

Multifaceted remodeling by vitamin C boosts sensitivity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis subpopulations to combination treatment by anti-tubercular drugs.

PubMed

Sikri, Kriti; Duggal, Priyanka; Kumar, Chanchal; Batra, Sakshi Dhingra; Vashist, Atul; Bhaskar, Ashima; Tripathi, Kritika; Sethi, Tavpritesh; Singh, Amit; Tyagi, Jaya Sivaswami

2018-05-01

Bacterial dormancy is a major impediment to the eradication of tuberculosis (TB), because currently used drugs primarily target actively replicating bacteria. Therefore, decoding of the critical survival pathways in dormant tubercle bacilli is a research priority to formulate new approaches for killing these bacteria. Employing a network-based gene expression analysis approach, we demonstrate that redox active vitamin C (vit C) triggers a multifaceted and robust adaptation response in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) involving ~ 67% of the genome. Vit C-adapted bacteria display well-described features of dormancy, including growth stasis and progression to a viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state, loss of acid-fastness and reduction in length, dissipation of reductive stress through triglyceride (TAG) accumulation, protective response to oxidative stress, and tolerance to first line TB drugs. VBNC bacteria are reactivatable upon removal of vit C and they recover drug susceptibility properties. Vit C synergizes with pyrazinamide, a unique TB drug with sterilizing activity, to kill dormant and replicating bacteria, negating any tolerance to rifampicin and isoniazid in combination treatment in both in-vitro and intracellular infection models. Finally, the vit C multi-stress redox models described here also offer a unique opportunity for concurrent screening of compounds/combinations active against heterogeneous subpopulations of Mtb. These findings suggest a novel strategy of vit C adjunctive therapy by modulating bacterial physiology for enhanced efficacy of combination chemotherapy with existing drugs, and also possible synergies to guide new therapeutic combinations towards accelerating TB treatment. Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Effects of Different Maturation Systems on Bovine Oocyte Quality, Plasma Membrane Phospholipid Composition and Resistance to Vitrification and Warming.

PubMed

Sprícigo, José F W; Diógenes, Mateus N; Leme, Ligiane O; Guimarães, Ana L; Muterlle, Carolle V; Silva, Bianca Damiani Marques; Solà-Oriol, David; Pivato, Ivo; Silva, Luciano Paulino; Dode, Margot A N

2015-01-01

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different maturation systems on oocyte resistance after vitrification and on the phospholipid profile of the oocyte plasma membrane (PM). Four different maturation systems were tested: 1) in vitro maturation using immature oocytes aspirated from slaughterhouse ovaries (CONT; n = 136); 2) in vitro maturation using immature oocytes obtained by ovum pick-up (OPU) from unstimulated heifers (IMA; n = 433); 3) in vitro maturation using immature oocytes obtained by OPU from stimulated heifers (FSH; n = 444); and 4) in vivo maturation using oocytes obtained from heifers stimulated 24 hours prior by an injection of GnRH (MII; n = 658). A sample of matured oocytes from each fresh group was analyzed by matrix associated laser desorption-ionization (MALDI-TOF) to determine their PM composition. Then, half of the matured oocytes from each group were vitrified/warmed (CONT VIT, IMA VIT, FSH VIT and MII VIT), while the other half were used as fresh controls. Afterwards, the eight groups underwent IVF and IVC, and blastocyst development was assessed at D2, D7 and D8. A chi-square test was used to compare embryo development between the groups. Corresponding phospholipid ion intensity was expressed in arbitrary units, and following principal components analyses (PCA) the data were distributed on a 3D graph. Oocytes obtained from superstimulated animals showed a greater rate of developmental (P<0.05) at D7 (MII = 62.4±17.5% and FSH = 58.8±16.1%) compared to those obtained from unstimulated animals (CONT = 37.9±8.5% and IMA = 50.6±14.4%). However, the maturation system did not affect the resistance of oocytes to vitrification because the blastocyst rate at D7 was similar (P>0.05) for all groups (CONT VIT = 2.8±3.5%, IMA VIT = 2.9±4.0%, FSH VIT = 4.3±7.2% and MII VIT = 3.6±7.2%). MALDI-TOF revealed that oocytes from all maturation groups had similar phospholipid contents, except for 760.6 ([PC (34:1) + H]+), which was more highly expressed in MII compared to FSH (P<0.05). The results suggest that although maturation systems improve embryonic development, they do not change the PM composition nor the resistance of bovine oocytes to vitrification.

Effects of Different Maturation Systems on Bovine Oocyte Quality, Plasma Membrane Phospholipid Composition and Resistance to Vitrification and Warming

PubMed Central

Sprícigo, José F. W.; Diógenes, Mateus N.; Leme, Ligiane O.; Guimarães, Ana L.; Muterlle, Carolle V.; Silva, Bianca Damiani Marques; Solà-Oriol, David; Pivato, Ivo; Silva, Luciano Paulino; Dode, Margot A. N.

2015-01-01

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different maturation systems on oocyte resistance after vitrification and on the phospholipid profile of the oocyte plasma membrane (PM). Four different maturation systems were tested: 1) in vitro maturation using immature oocytes aspirated from slaughterhouse ovaries (CONT; n = 136); 2) in vitro maturation using immature oocytes obtained by ovum pick-up (OPU) from unstimulated heifers (IMA; n = 433); 3) in vitro maturation using immature oocytes obtained by OPU from stimulated heifers (FSH; n = 444); and 4) in vivo maturation using oocytes obtained from heifers stimulated 24 hours prior by an injection of GnRH (MII; n = 658). A sample of matured oocytes from each fresh group was analyzed by matrix associated laser desorption-ionization (MALDI-TOF) to determine their PM composition. Then, half of the matured oocytes from each group were vitrified/warmed (CONT VIT, IMA VIT, FSH VIT and MII VIT), while the other half were used as fresh controls. Afterwards, the eight groups underwent IVF and IVC, and blastocyst development was assessed at D2, D7 and D8. A chi-square test was used to compare embryo development between the groups. Corresponding phospholipid ion intensity was expressed in arbitrary units, and following principal components analyses (PCA) the data were distributed on a 3D graph. Oocytes obtained from superstimulated animals showed a greater rate of developmental (P<0.05) at D7 (MII = 62.4±17.5% and FSH = 58.8±16.1%) compared to those obtained from unstimulated animals (CONT = 37.9±8.5% and IMA = 50.6±14.4%). However, the maturation system did not affect the resistance of oocytes to vitrification because the blastocyst rate at D7 was similar (P>0.05) for all groups (CONT VIT = 2.8±3.5%, IMA VIT = 2.9±4.0%, FSH VIT = 4.3±7.2% and MII VIT = 3.6±7.2%). MALDI-TOF revealed that oocytes from all maturation groups had similar phospholipid contents, except for 760.6 ([PC (34:1) + H]+), which was more highly expressed in MII compared to FSH (P<0.05). The results suggest that although maturation systems improve embryonic development, they do not change the PM composition nor the resistance of bovine oocytes to vitrification. PMID:26107169

A Phase 2 Trial on the Effect of Low-Dose versus High-Dose Vitamin D Supplementation on Bone Mass in Adults with Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1)

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-10-01

number/communicate to site coordinator N/A Task V.5 (mo 6-47): implement methods to educate/monitor participants on aspects of vit D3 and calcium...potential side effects of vit D3 supplementation CRFs for adverse event reporting have been developed and included in the protocols submitted for IRB...Task VI.3 (mo 6-47): document acceptance of storage sample in the CGRP database and vit D3 study database The process for storage of sample in the

Does static magnetic field-exposure induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in rat kidney and muscle? Effect of vitamin E and selenium supplementations.

PubMed

Ghodbane, Soumaya; Lahbib, Aida; Ammari, Mohamed; Sakly, Mohsen; Abdelmelek, Hafedh

2015-01-01

Static magnetic fields (SMFs) effect observed with radical pair recombination is one of the well-known mechanisms by which SMFs interact with biological systems. Our aim was to study whether SMF induces oxidative stress and apoptosis in rat tissues and to evaluate the possible protector effect of selenium (Se) and vitamin E (vit E) supplementations. Rats were randomly divided into control, SMF-exposed, Se-treated, vit E-treated, SMF exposed rats and co-treated with Se, and SMF exposed rats and co-treated with vit E. After animal sacrifice, catalase (CAT) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration were measured and apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) immunohistochemical labeling was performed in kidney and muscle. Exposure of rats to SMF (128 mT, 1 h/day for 5 days) increased the MDA concentrations (+25%) and CAT activities (+34%) in kidney but not in muscle. By contrast, the same treatment failed to induce a caspase-independent pathway apoptosis in both tissues. Interestingly, Se pre-treatment inhibited the increase of MDA concentrations and CAT activities in kidney in SMF-exposed rats. However, vit E administration corrected only MDA levels in rat kidney. In conclusion, exposure to SMF induced oxidative stress in kidney that can be prevented by treatment with Se or vit E.

Vitamin B6 Reduces Neurochemical and Long-Term Cognitive Alterations After Polymicrobial Sepsis: Involvement of the Kynurenine Pathway Modulation.

PubMed

Danielski, Lucinéia Gainski; Giustina, Amanda Della; Goldim, Mariana Pereira; Florentino, Drielly; Mathias, Khiany; Garbossa, Leandro; de Bona Schraiber, Rosiane; Laurentino, Ana Olívia Martins; Goulart, Marina; Michels, Monique; de Queiroz, Karina Barbosa; Kohlhof, Markus; Rezin, Gislaine Tezza; Fortunato, Jucélia Jeremias; Quevedo, Joao; Barichello, Tatiana; Dal-Pizzol, Felipe; Coimbra, Roney S; Petronilho, Fabricia

2018-06-01

Neurological dysfunction as a result of neuroinflammation has been reported in sepsis and cause high mortality. High levels of cytokines stimulate the formation of neurotoxic metabolites by kynurenine (KYN) pathway. Vitamin B 6 (vit B 6 ) has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and also acts as a cofactor for enzymes of the KYN pathway. Thus, by using a relevant animal model of polymicrobial sepsis, we studied the effect of vit B 6 on the KYN pathway, acute neurochemical and neuroinflammatory parameters, and cognitive dysfunction in rats. Male Wistar rats (250-300 g) were submitted to cecal ligation and perforation (CLP) and divided into sham + saline, sham + vit B 6 , CLP + saline, and CLP + vit B 6 (600 mg/kg, s.c.) groups. Twenty-four hours later, the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus were removed for neurochemical and neuroinflammatory analyses. Animals were followed for 10 days to determine survival rate, when cognitive function was assessed by behavioral tests. Vitamin B 6 interfered in the activation of kynurenine pathway, which led to an improvement in neurochemical and neuroinflammatory parameters and, consequently, in the cognitive functions of septic animals. Thus, the results indicate that vit B 6 exerts neuroprotective effects in acute and late consequences after sepsis.

Non-invasive assessment of intratumoral vascularity using arterial spin labeling: A comparison to susceptibility-weighted imaging for the differentiation of primary cerebral lymphoma and glioblastoma.

PubMed

Furtner, J; Schöpf, V; Preusser, M; Asenbaum, U; Woitek, R; Wöhrer, A; Hainfellner, J A; Wolfsberger, S; Prayer, D

2014-05-01

Using conventional MRI methods, the differentiation of primary cerebral lymphomas (PCNSL) and other primary brain tumors, such as glioblastomas, is difficult due to overlapping imaging characteristics. This study was designed to discriminate tumor entities using normalized vascular intratumoral signal intensity values (nVITS) obtained from pulsed arterial spin labeling (PASL), combined with intratumoral susceptibility signals (ITSS) from susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI). Thirty consecutive patients with glioblastoma (n=22) and PCNSL (n=8), histologically classified according to the WHO brain tumor classification, were included. MRIs were acquired on a 3T scanner, and included PASL and SWI sequences. nVITS was defined by the signal intensity ratio between the tumor and the contralateral normal brain tissue, as obtained by PASL images. ITSS was determined as intratumoral low signal intensity structures detected on SWI sequences and were divided into four different grades. Potential differences in the nVITS and ITSS between glioblastomas and PCNSLs were revealed using statistical testing. To determine sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy, as well as an optimum cut-off value for the differentiation of PCNSL and glioblastoma, a receiver operating characteristic analysis was used. We found that nVITS (p=0.011) and ITSS (p=0.001) values were significantly higher in glioblastoma than in PCNSL. The optimal cut-off value for nVITS was 1.41 and 1.5 for ITSS, with a sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of more than 95%. These findings indicate that nVITS values have a comparable diagnostic accuracy to ITSS values in differentiating glioblastoma and PCNSL, offering a completely non-invasive and fast assessment of tumoral vascularity in a clinical setting. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Specific expression of the vacuolar iron transporter, TgVit, causes iron accumulation in blue-colored inner bottom segments of various tulip petals.

PubMed

Momonoi, Kazumi; Tsuji, Toshiaki; Kazuma, Kohei; Yoshida, Kumi

2012-01-01

Several flowers of Tulipa gesneriana exhibit a blue color in the bottom segments of the inner perianth. We have previously reported the inner-bottom tissue-specific iron accumulation and expression of the vacuolar iron transporter, TgVit1, in tulip cv. Murasakizuisho. To clarify whether the TgVit1-dependent iron accumulation and blue-color development in tulip petals are universal, we analyzed anthocyanin, its co-pigment components, iron contents and the expression of TgVit1 mRNA in 13 cultivars which show a blue color in the bottom segments of the inner perianth accompanying yellow- and white-colored inner-bottom petals. All of the blue bottom segments contained the same anthocyanin component, delphinidin 3-rutinoside. The flavonol composition varied with cultivar and tissue part. The major flavonol in the bottom segments of the inner perianth was rutin. The iron content in the upper part was less than that in the bottom segments of the inner perianth. The iron content in the yellow and white petals was higher in the bottom segment of the inner perianth than in the upper tissues. TgVit1 mRNA expression was apparent in all of the bottom tissues of the inner perianth. The result of a reproduction experiment by mixing the constituents suggests that the blue coloration in tulip petals is generally caused by iron complexation to delphinidin 3-rutinoside and that the iron complex is solubilized and stabilized by flavonol glycosides. TgVit1-dependent iron accumulation in the bottom segments of the inner perianth might be controlled by an unknown system that differentiated the upper parts and bottom segments of the inner perianth.

Changes in Non-Enzymatic Antioxidants in the Blood Following Anaerobic Exercise in Men and Women

PubMed Central

Wiecek, Magdalena; Kantorowicz, Malgorzata

2015-01-01

Purpose The aim of this study was to compare changes in total oxidative status (TOS), total antioxidative capacity (TAC) and the concentration of VitA, VitE, VitC, uric acid (UA), reduced (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) in blood within 24 hours following anaerobic exercise (AnEx) among men and women. Methods 10 women and 10 men performed a 20-second bicycle sprint (AnEx). Concentrations of oxidative stress indicators were measured before AnEx and 3, 15 and 30 minutes and 1 hour afterwards. UA, GSH and GSSH were also measured 24 hours after AnEx. Lactate and H+ concentrations were measured before and 3 minutes after AnEx. Results The increase in lactate and H+ concentrations following AnEx was similar in both sexes. Changes in the concentrations of all oxidative stress indicators were significant and did not differ between men and women. In both sexes, TOS, TAC, TOS/TAC and VitA and VitE concentrations were the highest 3 minutes, VitC concentration was the highest 30 minutes, and UA concentration was the highest 1 hour after AnEx. GSH concentration was significantly lower than the initial concentration from 15 minutes to 24 hour after AnEx. GSSG concentration was significantly higher, while the GSH/GSSG ratio was significantly lower than the initial values 1 hour and 24 hour after AnEx. Conclusions With similar changes in lactate and H+ concentrations, AnEx induces the same changes in TAC, TOS, TOS/TAC and non-enzymatic antioxidants of low molecular weight in men and women. Oxidative stress lasted at least 24 hours after AnEx. PMID:26600020

Changes in Non-Enzymatic Antioxidants in the Blood Following Anaerobic Exercise in Men and Women.

PubMed

Wiecek, Magdalena; Maciejczyk, Marcin; Szymura, Jadwiga; Szygula, Zbigniew; Kantorowicz, Malgorzata

2015-01-01

The aim of this study was to compare changes in total oxidative status (TOS), total antioxidative capacity (TAC) and the concentration of VitA, VitE, VitC, uric acid (UA), reduced (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) in blood within 24 hours following anaerobic exercise (AnEx) among men and women. 10 women and 10 men performed a 20-second bicycle sprint (AnEx). Concentrations of oxidative stress indicators were measured before AnEx and 3, 15 and 30 minutes and 1 hour afterwards. UA, GSH and GSSH were also measured 24 hours after AnEx. Lactate and H+ concentrations were measured before and 3 minutes after AnEx. The increase in lactate and H+ concentrations following AnEx was similar in both sexes. Changes in the concentrations of all oxidative stress indicators were significant and did not differ between men and women. In both sexes, TOS, TAC, TOS/TAC and VitA and VitE concentrations were the highest 3 minutes, VitC concentration was the highest 30 minutes, and UA concentration was the highest 1 hour after AnEx. GSH concentration was significantly lower than the initial concentration from 15 minutes to 24 hour after AnEx. GSSG concentration was significantly higher, while the GSH/GSSG ratio was significantly lower than the initial values 1 hour and 24 hour after AnEx. With similar changes in lactate and H+ concentrations, AnEx induces the same changes in TAC, TOS, TOS/TAC and non-enzymatic antioxidants of low molecular weight in men and women. Oxidative stress lasted at least 24 hours after AnEx.

The Complementary Effect of Cholesterol and Vitamin E Preloaded in Cyclodextrins on Frozen Bovine Semen: Motility Parameters, Membrane Integrity and Lipid Peroxidation.

PubMed

Khellouf, A; Benhenia, K; Fatami, S; Iguer-Ouada, M

During cryopreservation sperm cells suffer from two major deleterious impacts: oxidative stress and cold shock. To investigate in bovine species the benefit of cholesterol and vitamin E, both loaded in cyclodextrins, as a double protection against oxidative stress and cold shock. Semen was collected from nine mature bulls using an artificial vagina and each ejaculate was split into four equal aliquots. The control aliquot was diluted with Fraction A (Tris+citric acid+fructose+penicillin) without further supplementation; the treated samples were diluted in Fraction A supplemented with cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrins (CD-CHL), vitamin E-loaded cyclodextrins (CD-Vit E) or CD-CHL in association with CD-Vit E (CD-CHL-VitE). After incubation at 22°C for 15 min and addition of Fraction B (Fraction A+egg yolk+glycerol), all aliquots were frozen in 0.25 ml straws. Straws were then thawed individually at 37C for 30 seconds in a water bath and immediately analyzed for motility, using Computer Aided Semen Analysis (CASA), membrane integrity and oxidative stress status. The results showed that samples treated with CD-CHL and CD-Vit E were protected against the deleterious impact of freezing thawing process. However, the optimal protection was observed when the two complexes CD-CHL and CD-Vit E were simultaneously used. All analysed semen parameters including motility, membrane integrity and oxidative stress status were significantly improved in CD-CHL-Vit E compared to all other treatments. Cholesterol and vitamin E, both preloaded in cyclodextrins to increase their solubility, appeared as a powerful protection in cryopreserved bovine semen to fight simultaneously cold shock and oxidative stress.

Investigation of the protective effects of proanthocyanidin and vitamin E against the toxic effect caused by formaldehyde on the liver tissue.

PubMed

Bakar, Elvan; Ulucam, Enis; Cerkezkayabekir, Aysegul

2015-12-01

We aimed to investigate of protective role of proanthocyanidin (PA) and vitamin E (vit E) against to toxic effect of formaldehyde (FA). Twenty-eight Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups: control group, rats treated with FA intraperitoneal (i.p.) (10 mg/kg), FA + vit E intragastric (i.g.) (30 mg/kg), and FA + PA i.g. (100 mg/kg). We assayed superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and total sialic acid (TSA) in liver. Liver tissue was taken in order to morphological analysis and hepatocytes apoptosis using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay immunostaining. SOD decreased in FA and increased in FA + vit E and FA + PA (p < 0.05). Gpx didn't change in FA and increased in FA + PA (p < 0.05). No significant variation between the groups was found in MPO activity. MDA increased only in FA and decreased in FA + vit E and FA+PA (p < 0.05). TSA didn't alter in FA and FA + vit E but decreased in FA + PA (p < 0.05). Degeneration in hepatocytes and endothelial cells, cytoplasm losses, vacuolization, picnotic nuclei, and mononuclear cell infiltration were identified in FA. Degeneration in chromatin material, membrane damage in mitochondria and losses in mitochondrial cristae in hepatocytes were observed in FA. We found that partially recovery in liver as a result of FA + vit E and FA + PA. We have concluded that long term use should be investigated for complete explanation of PA's protective effects on FA toxicity. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Grape seed extract has superior beneficial effects than vitamin E on oxidative stress and apoptosis in the hippocampus of streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.

PubMed

Yonguc, Goksin Nilufer; Dodurga, Yavuz; Adiguzel, Esat; Gundogdu, Gulsah; Kucukatay, Vural; Ozbal, Seda; Yilmaz, Ismail; Cankurt, Ulker; Yilmaz, Yusuf; Akdogan, Ilgaz

2015-01-25

We aimed to investigate the effects of grape seed extract (GSE) and vitamin E (Vit E) on oxidative stress and apoptosis in the hippocampus of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. In Control, Diabetic, and Diabetic treated with GSE (Diabetic+GSE) and vitamin E (Diabetic+Vit E) groups, oxidative stress index (OSI), TUNEL staining and Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, Bax, caspase-3, -9, and -8, Cyt-c, TNF-α, and NF-κB gene expressions were evaluated. OSI was significantly increased in the plasma and hippocampus of the Diabetic compared to Control group and decreased in Diabetic+GSE and Diabetic+Vit E groups compared to Diabetic. TUNEL positive neurons significantly increased in the hippocampus of the Diabetic group compared to Control and decreased in Diabetic+GSE (more prominently) and Diabetic+Vit E groups compared to Diabetic. In the hippocampus of the Diabetic group, Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL gene expressions were significantly decreased; Bax, caspase-3, -9, and -8, Cyt-c, TNF-α, and NF-κB gene expressions were significantly increased compared to Control. In Diabetic+GSE and Diabetic+Vit E groups, Bcl-2 gene expressions were significantly increased; Bcl-XL gene expressions did not differ compared to the Diabetic group. The expression of Bax, caspase-3, -9, and -8, Cyt-c, TNF-α, and NF-κB genes in the Diabetic+GSE group and the expression of caspase-3 and -9, TNF-α, and NF-κB genes in the Diabetic+Vit E group were significantly decreased compared to Diabetic. In conclusion, GSE (more prominently) and vitamin E decreased oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis occurring in the hippocampus of diabetic rats. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Techniques for capturing bighorn sheep lambs

USGS Publications Warehouse

Smith, Joshua B.; Walsh, Daniel P.; Goldstein, Elise J.; Parsons, Zachary D.; Karsch, Rebekah C.; Stiver, Julie R.; Cain, James W.; Raedeke, Kenneth J.; Jenks, Jonathan A.

2014-01-01

Low lamb recruitment is a major challenge facing managers attempting to mitigate the decline of bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis), and investigations into the underlying mechanisms are limited because of the inability to readily capture and monitor bighorn sheep lambs. We evaluated 4 capture techniques for bighorn sheep lambs: 1) hand-capture of lambs from radiocollared adult females fitted with vaginal implant transmitters (VITs), 2) hand-capture of lambs of intensively monitored radiocollared adult females, 3) helicopter net-gunning, and 4) hand-capture of lambs from helicopters. During 2010–2012, we successfully captured 90% of lambs from females that retained VITs to ≤1 day of parturition, although we noted differences in capture rates between an area of high road density in the Black Hills (92–100%) of South Dakota, USA, and less accessible areas of New Mexico (71%), USA. Retention of VITs was 78% with pre-partum expulsion the main cause of failure. We were less likely to capture lambs from females that expelled VITs ≥1 day of parturition (range = 80–83%) or females that were collared without VITs (range = 60–78%). We used helicopter net-gunning at several sites in 1999, 2001–2002, and 2011, and it proved a useful technique; however, at one site, attempts to capture lambs led to lamb predation by golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos). We attempted helicopter hand-captures at one site in 1999, and they also were successful in certain circumstances and avoided risk of physical trauma from net-gunning; however, application was limited. In areas of low accessibility or if personnel lack the ability to monitor females and/or VITs for extended periods, helicopter capture may provide a viable option for lamb capture.

Correlation between follicular fluid levels of sRAGE and vitamin D in women with PCOS.

PubMed

Garg, Deepika; Grazi, Richard; Lambert-Messerlian, Geralyn M; Merhi, Zaher

2017-11-01

The pro-inflammatory advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and their anti-inflammatory soluble receptors, sRAGE, play a role in the pathogenesis of PCOS. There is a correlation between vitamin D (vit D) and sRAGE in the serum, whereby vit D replacement increases serum sRAGE levels in women with PCOS, thus incurring a protective anti-inflammatory role. This study aims to compare levels of sRAGE, N-carboxymethyl-lysine (CML; one of the AGEs), and 25-hydroxy-vit D in the follicular fluid (FF) of women with or without PCOS, and to evaluate the correlation between sRAGE and 25-hydroxy-vit D in the FF. Women with (n = 12) or without (n = 13) PCOS who underwent IVF were prospectively enrolled. Women with PCOS had significantly higher anti-Mullerian hormone levels, higher number of total retrieved and mature oocytes, and higher number of day 3 and day 5 embryos formed. Compared to women without PCOS, women with PCOS had significantly lower FF sRAGE levels. In women with PCOS, in women without PCOS, and in all participants together, there was a significant positive correlation between sRAGE and 25-hydroxy-vit D. sRAGE positively correlated with CML in women without PCOS but not in women with PCOS. In women with PCOS, the low ovarian levels of the anti-inflammatory sRAGE suggest that sRAGE could represent a biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for ovarian dysfunction in PCOS. Whether there is a direct causal relationship between sRAGE and vit D in the ovaries remains to be determined.

Prediction of Vitamin A, Vitamin E, Selenium and Zinc Status of Periparturient Dairy Cows Using Blood Sampling During the Mid Dry Period

PubMed Central

Meglia, GE; Holtenius, K; Petersson, L; Öhagen, P; Waller, K Persson

2004-01-01

Vitamins A and E, and the trace elements selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) are essential for the health and performance of dairy cows. Their concentrations often decrease around calving and extra supplementation is sometimes recommended at that time. However, the need for this varies, for example depending on quantity and quality of feedstuffs in the diet. The aim of this study was to measure the concentrations of serum vitamin A (S-vit A) and vitamin E (S-vit E), plasma Se (P-Se) and serum Zn (S-Zn) in blood samples taken at several time points from one month before to one month after calving, and to evaluate if a blood sample taken during the mid dry period can accurately predict the blood concentration at calving and early lactation. Dairy cows on 3 different feeding regimens during the dry period were included in the study. A significant decrease in the concentrations of S-vit A and S-vit E, and S-Zn, was observed at calving, and P-Se was significantly lower during the dry period and at calving than in early lactation. The blood concentrations of S-vit E and P-Se in the mid dry period significantly predicted the occurrence of values considered marginal or deficient at the time of calving. The data indicate that a mid dry period concentration of ≥5.4 mg/l of S-vit E and ≥0.09 mg/l of P-Se will result in a 90% chance that the cow stays above marginal levels at calving given that a feed of the same quality is offered. PMID:15535092

Effect of 1-year dietary supplementation with vitaminized olive oil on markers of bone turnover and oxidative stress in healthy post-menopausal women.

PubMed

Mazzanti, Laura; Battino, Maurizio; Nanetti, Laura; Raffaelli, Francesca; Alidori, Alessandro; Sforza, Giulia; Carle, Flavia; Quagliarini, Veronica; Cester, Nelvio; Vignini, Arianna

2015-11-01

Osteoporosis represents a serious health problem worldwide associated with an increased risk of fractures and mortality. Nutrition should form part of bone disease prevention strategies, especially in the light of the population ageing and the diet effect on bone health. Thus the study aimed at verifying whether 1 year of oral supplementation with either extra virgin olive oil (VOO) enriched with vitamins D3, K1 and B6 (VitVOO) or VOO used as placebo (PlaVOO) is able to modify some bone turnover and oxidative stress markers. Bone mineral density (BMD) was assessed in 60 healthy post-menopausal women together with the bone vitamin K status by measuring undercarboxylated osteocalcine (ucOC) plasma levels, the ratio between ucOC and carboxylated osteocalcine (UCR) and the relations with oxidative stress markers. After 1 year (T 1), subjects taking VitVOO showed lower ucOC levels than those taking PlaVOO; the same trend was found for UCR. As far as BMD is concerned, a significant increase in T-score at T 1 in VitVOO subjects compared to PlaVOO was found. All oxidative stress markers as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, lipid hydroperoxides and conjugated dienes showed a significant reduction after VitVOO supplementation, whilst plasma total antioxidant capacity values was significantly increased in VitVOO group compared to PlaVOO group at T 1. It might be suggested that the use of VitVOO in the diet of post-menopausal women could represent a proper tool for bone protection and a useful strategy against oxidative stress and related diseases, thus confirming the antioxidant role played by the added vitamins.

Hymenoptera venom allergy in outdoor workers: Occupational exposure, clinical features and effects of allergen immunotherapy.

PubMed

Toletone, Alessandra; Voltolini, Susanna; Passalacqua, Giovanni; Dini, Guglielmo; Bignardi, Donatella; Minale, Paola; Massa, Emanuela; Signori, Alessio; Troise, Costantino; Durando, Paolo

2017-02-01

To describe (i) the clinical characteristics of workers, exposed to hymenoptera stings, with an ascertained diagnosis of Hymenoptera Venom Allergy (HVA), (ii) the specific role of occupational exposure, (iii) the effect of Venom Immunotherapy (VIT) in reducing the severity of allergic episodes in workers exposed to repeated stings of hymenoptera, and (iv) the management of the occupational consequences caused by allergic reactions due to hymenoptera stings. Between 2000 and 2013 an observational study, including patients referred to the regional reference hospital of Liguria, Italy, with an ascertained diagnosis of HVA and treated with VIT, was performed. A structured questionnaire was administered to all patients to investigate the occupational features of allergic reactions. These were graded according to standard systems in patients at the first episode, and after re-stings, during VIT. One-hundred and 8four out of the 202 patients referred had a complete data set. In 32 (17.4%) patients, the allergic reaction occurred during work activities performed outdoor. Of these, 31.2% previously stung by hymenoptera at work, and receiving VIT, were re-stung during occupational activity. The grades of reaction developed under VIT treatment resulted clinically less severe than of those occurred at the first sting (p-value = 0.031). Our findings confirmed the clinical relevance of HVA, and described its occupational features in outdoor workers with sensitization, stressing the importance of an early identification and proper management of the professional categories recognized at high risk of hymenoptera stings. The Occupational Physician should be supported by other specialists to recommend appropriate diagnostic procedures and the prescription of VIT, which resulted an effective treatment for the prevention of episodes of severe reactions in workers with a proven HVA.

Assessing language and visuospatial functions with one task: a "dual use" approach to performing fMRI in children.

PubMed

Ebner, Kathina; Lidzba, Karen; Hauser, Till-Karsten; Wilke, Marko

2011-10-01

In order to increase the rate of successful functional MR studies in children it is helpful to shorten the time spent in the scanner. To this effect, assessing two cognitive functions with one task seems to be a promising approach. The hypothesis of this study was that the control condition of an established language task (vowel identification task, VIT) requires visuospatial processing and that the control condition (VIT(CC)) therefore may also be applicable to localize visuospatial functions. As a reference task, a visual search task (VST, previously established for use in children) was employed. To test this hypothesis, 43 children (19 f, 24 m; 12.0±2.6, range 7.9 to 17.8 years) were recruited and scanned using both tasks. Second-level random effects group analyses showed activation of left inferior-frontal cortex in the active condition of the VIT, as in previous studies. Additionally, analysis of the VIT(CC) demonstrated activation in right-dominant superior parietal and high-frontal brain regions, classically associated with visuospatial functions; activation seen in the VST was similar with a substantial overlap. However, lateralization in the parietal lobe was significantly more bilateral in the VST than in the VIT(CC). This suggests that the VIT can not only be applied to assess language functions (using the active>control contrast), but also that the control>active condition is useful for assessing visuospatial functions. Future task design may benefit from such a "dual use" approach to performing fMRI not only, but also particularly in children. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Treatment with ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol modulates oxidative-stress markers in the spinal cord of rats with neuropathic pain

PubMed Central

Riffel, A.P.K.; Santos, M.C.Q.; de Souza, J.A.; Scheid, T.; Horst, A.; Kolberg, C.; Belló-Klein, A.; Partata, W.A.

2018-01-01

Vitamin E (vit. E) and vitamin C (vit. C) are antioxidants that inhibit nociception. The effect of these vitamins on oxidative-stress markers in the spinal cord of rats with chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve is unknown. This study investigated the effect of intraperitoneal administration of vit. E (15 mg·kg-1·day-1) and vit. C (30 mg·kg-1·day-1), given alone or in combination, on spinal cord oxidative-stress markers in CCI rats. Adult male Wistar rats weighing 200–250 g were divided equally into the following groups: Naive (rats did not undergo surgical manipulation); Sham (rats in which all surgical procedures involved in CCI were used except the ligature), and CCI (rats in which four ligatures were tied loosely around the right common sciatic nerve), which received injections of vitamins or vehicle (saline containing 1% Tween 80) for 3 or 10 days (n=6/each group). The vitamins prevented the reduction in total thiol content and the increase in superoxide-anion generation that were found in vehicle-treated CCI rats. While nitric-oxide metabolites increased in vehicle-treated CCI rats 3 days after surgery, these metabolites did not show significant changes in vitamin-treated CCI rats. In all rats, total antioxidant capacity and hydrogen-peroxide levels did not change significantly. Lipid hydroperoxides increased 25% only in vehicle-treated CCI rats. These changes may contribute to vit. C- and vit. E-induced antinociception, because scavenging reactive oxygen species seems to help normalize the spinal cord oxidative status altered by pain. PMID:29513797

Drug-induced skin toxicity and clinical nursing of VitK cream on colorectal cancer patients.

PubMed

Li, Ai-Min; Miao, Jin-Hong; Liu, Hui; Ma, Yao-Zhen; Sun, Zhen-Chang

2015-07-01

To discuss the impact of 0.1% vitamin K1 (VitK1) cream on cetuximab-induced skin toxicity for colorectal cancer patients. 60 colorectal cancer patients with cetuximab therapy after hospitalization, were divided into experimental group (Ward A) and control group (Ward B) according to personnel sequential number, with 30 cases in each group. Routine nursing was implemented on control group. For experimental group, on the routine nursing basis, 0.1% VitK1 cream was smeared on face, neck, chest, back and nail (toenail) edge with three times one day at the application of cetuximab day. After cetuximab applied in 8 weeks, both skin itch and dry skin for patients in experimental group were significantly improved compared those in control group, showing statistically significant difference (W=708.000, P=0.001: W=662. 500, P=0.000). 0.1% VitK1 cream was conducive to improve both skin itch and dry skin symptoms in the cetuximab-induced skin toxicity for colorectal cancer patients.

JSC Astronaut corps, STS-3 vehicle integration test team and others

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1982-01-01

Members of the JSC astronaut corps, STS-3 vehicle integration test (VIT) team and other personnel pose for photograph at the completion of a countdown demonstration test (CDDT) and safety briefings at Launch Pad 39A, Kennedy Space Center. Participants are, from the left, Wilbur J. Etbauer, engineer with the VIT team; George W.S. Abbey, Director of Flight Operations at JSC; Astronaut John H. Young, Chief of the Astronaut Office at JSC; Jack Fleming of Rockwell International; Mission Specialist-Astronaut John M. Lounge; Astronaut Daniel C. Brandenstein; Mission Specialist-Astronaut James D. Van Hoften; Astronauts C. Gordon Fullerton and Jack Lousma, prime crew for STS-3; Olan J. Bertrand, VIT team member; Mission Specialist-Astronaut Kathryn D. Sullivan; Richard W. Nygren, head of the VIT team; and Astronaut Donald E. Williams. The Columbia is obscured by its service structure on Launch Pad 39A in the background. Part of slide-wire emergency escape system is visible in the picture.

SIMULATED COUNTDOWN TRAINING ACTIVITIES - STS-3 - KSC

NASA Image and Video Library

1982-03-17

S82-28457 (19 Feb. 1982) --- Member of the JSC astronaut corps., STS-3 vehicle integration test (VIT) team and other personnel pose for a photograph at the completion of a countdown demonstration test (CDDT) and safety briefings at Launch Pad 39A, Kennedy Space Center (KSC). Participants are, from the left, Wilbur J. Etbauer, engineer with the VIT team; George W. S. Abbey, director of flight operations at JSC; astronaut John W. Young, chief of the astronaut office at JSC; Jack Fleming of Rockwell International; mission specialist-astronaut John M. Lounge; astronaut Daniel C. Brandenstein; mission specialist-astronaut James D. Van Hoften; astronauts C. Gordon Fullerton and Jack Lousma, prime crew for STS-3; Olan J. Bertrand, VIT team member; mission specialist-astronaut Kathryn D. Sullivan; Richard W. Nygren, head of the VIT team; and astronaut Donald E. Williams. The space shuttle Columbia is obscured by its service structure on Launch Pad 39A in the background. Part of slide-wire type emergency escape system is visible in the picture. Photo credit: NASA

Common Genetic Variant in VIT Is Associated with Human Brain Asymmetry.

PubMed

Tadayon, Sayed H; Vaziri-Pashkam, Maryam; Kahali, Pegah; Ansari Dezfouli, Mitra; Abbassian, Abdolhossein

2016-01-01

Brain asymmetry varies across individuals. However, genetic factors contributing to this normal variation are largely unknown. Here we studied variation of cortical surface area asymmetry in a large sample of subjects. We performed principal component analysis (PCA) to capture correlated asymmetry variation across cortical regions. We found that caudal and rostral anterior cingulate together account for a substantial part of asymmetry variation among individuals. To find SNPs associated with this subset of brain asymmetry variation we performed a genome-wide association study followed by replication in an independent cohort. We identified one SNP (rs11691187) that had genome-wide significant association (P Combined = 2.40e-08). The rs11691187 is in the first intron of VIT. In a follow-up analysis, we found that VIT gene expression is associated with brain asymmetry in six donors of the Allen Human Brain Atlas. Based on these findings we suggest that VIT contributes to normal brain asymmetry variation. Our results can shed light on disorders associated with altered brain asymmetry.

Potential for amelioration of aflatoxin B1-induced immunotoxic effects in progeny of White Leghorn breeder hens co-exposed to vitamin E.

PubMed

Khan, Wajid Arshad; Khan, Muhammad Zargham; Khan, Ahrar; Ul Hassan, Zahoor; Saleemi, Muhammad Kashif

2014-01-01

This study was designed to evaluate the protective activity of Vitamin E (Vit E) on the immunotoxic effects induced by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in the progeny of breeder hens. For this purpose, 192 White Leghorn (WL) layer breeder hens were divided into 12 groups (A-L) and then fed test diets for either 1, 2 or 3 weeks. Group A was kept on basal feed (2900 Kcal/kg metabolizable energy) and served as control, while group B was offered a feed supplemented with Vit E at 100 mg/Kg. Groups C-G were offered feed containing 0.1, 0.5, 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 mg/Kg AFB1, respectively, whereas groups H-L were offered the same dietary levels of AFB1 along with 100 mg/Kg Vit E supplementation. Hatching eggs were shifted to an incubator on a weekly basis to get progeny chicks. Hatched chicks in each group were maintained on basal ration and then subjected to different immunological assays. Lymphoproliferative responses (against PHA-P), antibody titers (against SRBC), oxidative damage to RBC, as well as phagocytic and nitrite production potential of the peritoneal macrophages from the chicks, were all adversely impacted by hen exposure to the higher doses of AFB1 or by increased intake (time) by the hens at a given dose of the toxin. No consistent ameliorative effects from Vit E were noted in these studies, i.e. effects seen against lower AFB1 doses were no longer apparent with the highest doses of AFB1. As such, for now it can be concluded that, with this particular single dose level of Vit E, AFB1-associated immunotoxic effects in progeny chicks can potentially be mitigated by dietary intake of Vit E by their hen dams. However, this is clearly an outcome that is driven by the level of the mycotoxin present in the feed. Future studies need to examine what impact higher Vit E doses than those employed herein might have in these ameliorative outcomes.

Vitamin D alters genes involved in follicular development and steroidogenesis in human cumulus granulosa cells.

PubMed

Merhi, Zaher; Doswell, Angela; Krebs, Kendall; Cipolla, Marilyn

2014-06-01

Vitamin D deficiency is common among reproductive-aged women and has a role in female reproduction. This study evaluated the role of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (vit D3) in ovarian follicular development and steroidogenesis by using a human granulosa cell (GC) model. Fifty-four women who underwent in vitro fertilization were enrolled. Follicular fluid (FF) and mural and cumulus GCs were collected from small and large follicles. In separate experiments, primary cumulus GCs were cultured with or without vit D3 followed by RT-PCR for mRNA expression levels. The effect of recombinant anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) on nuclear localization of phospho-Smad 1/5/8 was evaluated in the presence or absence of vit D3 by using immunofluorescence. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D levels in FF as well as cell culture media AMH, progesterone, and estradiol (E2) concentrations were determined by ELISA and RIA. The following were measured: 1) mRNA expression levels; 2) 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) enzyme activity; 3) FSH-induced aromatase mRNA and E2 production; and 4) nuclear localization of phospho-Smad 1/5/8. In a multivariate analysis, 25 OH-D levels in FF negatively correlated with AMH and AMH receptor (AMHR)-II mRNA levels in cumulus GCs of small follicles. Compared with women with replete 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in FF, those with insufficient/deficient levels had a 2-fold increase in AMHR-II mRNA levels in cumulus GCs of small follicles (P = .02). Treatment with vit D3 caused a decrease in AMHR-II and FSH receptor mRNA but an increase in 3-βHSD mRNA levels compared with control (P < .05). Vit D3 enhanced 3-βHSD enzyme activity as assessed by increasing progesterone release; however, vit D3 did not affect FSH-induced aromatase mRNA and E2 production, but it decreased the phosphorylation of Smad 1/5/8 and its nuclear localization. These data suggest that vit D3 alters AMH signaling and steroidogenesis in human cumulus GCs, possibly reflecting a state of GC luteinization potentiation.

Vitamin D increases serum levels of the soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products in women with PCOS.

PubMed

Irani, Mohamad; Minkoff, Howard; Seifer, David B; Merhi, Zaher

2014-05-01

Elevation of serum proinflammatory advanced glycation end products (AGEs) is involved in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The soluble receptor for AGEs (sRAGE) acts as a decoy by binding circulating AGEs. Vitamin D supplementation attenuates the deposition of AGEs in the vascular system of diabetic animals and improves some metabolic aspects of vitamin D-deficient women with PCOS. Additionally, serum anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) is elevated in women with PCOS, reflecting abnormal ovarian folliculogenesis. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 (vit D3) supplementation on serum sRAGE and AMH in vitamin D-deficient women with PCOS. DESIGN, SETTINGS, PARTICIPANTS, AND INTERVENTION: Sixty-seven women with (n = 22) or without (control; n = 45) PCOS who were diagnosed with vitamin D deficiency were enrolled. Fifty-one women were replaced with oral vit D3 for 8 weeks (16 with PCOS and 35 controls) and 16 women were not treated (six with PCOS and 10 controls). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25 OH-D), sRAGE, and AMH concentrations were measured at baseline and after vit D3 supplementation in the treated group and 8 weeks apart in the nontreated group. Changes in serum sRAGE and AMH concentrations after vit D3 replacement were measured. In all participants, there was a negative correlation between body mass index and serum sRAGE levels (r = -0.3, P = .01). In women with PCOS, but not in controls, vit D3 increased serum sRAGE (P = .03) and decreased serum AMH levels (P < .001). The increase in serum sRAGE positively correlated with the increase in serum 25 OH-D after supplementation in women with PCOS (r = 0.6, P = .01). In women with PCOS, vit D3 might exert a protective effect against the inflammatory action of AGEs by increasing circulating sRAGE. The normalization in serum AMH induced by vit D3 replacement suggests an improvement in folliculogenesis.

Vitamin D Status, Cardiometabolic, Liver, and Mental Health Status in Obese Youth Attending a Pediatric Weight Management Center.

PubMed

MacDonald, Krista; Godziuk, Kristine; Yap, Jason; LaFrance, Rena; Ansarian, Mohammad; Haqq, Andrea; Mager, Diana R

2017-10-01

Vitamin D (VitD) deficiency and obesity are reaching epidemic proportions in North America, particularly in those with comorbid conditions such as diabetes or liver disease. The study objective was to determine the prevalence of suboptimal vitD status and interrelationships with anthropometric, cardiometabolic, liver, mental health, and lifestyle (sleep/screen time) parameters in an ambulatory population of children with obesity. Children (2-18 years) attending a pediatric weight management clinic (n = 217) were retrospectively reviewed. Variables studied included anthropometric (weight, height, body mass index, waist circumference), vitD (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D), cardiometabolic (systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol), liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase), and mental health (number, diagnosis) parameters. Suboptimal vitD status (25-hydroxyvitamin D <75 nmol/L was present in 76% of children with obesity (12.0 ± 2.9 years). Blood pressure categorized as prehypertension, stage I hypertension, and stage II hypertension was present in 14%, 25%, and 7% of children, respectively. Mental health diagnoses including anxiety, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, mood disorders, and learning disabilities/developmental delays occurred in 18%, 17%, 10%, and 15%, of children, respectively. Waist circumferences >100 cm were associated with lower vitD levels (58 ± 18 vs 65 ± 17 nmol/L; P = 0.01). VitD status ≥50 nmol/L was associated with lower insulin (15.8 [11.7-23.1] mU/L vs 21.1 [14.3-34.2] mU/L; P < 0.01) and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (3.5 [2.5-4.9] vs 4.8 [3.1-6.9]; P < 0.01) values and systolic blood pressure percentiles (73.0 ± 25.8 vs 80.6 ± 17.0; P = 0.04). Children with obesity had a high prevalence of vitD deficiency, particularly those at risk for hypertension, reduced insulin sensitivity, and central obesity.

The influence of inclusions of vitamin E and corn oil on semen traits of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica).

PubMed

Golzar Adabi, S H; Cooper, R G; Kamali, M A; Hajbabaei, A

2011-01-01

Reported was an investigation of the effect of vitamin E (Vit.E) and corn oil on semen traits of male Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). From 8 to 20 wk of age, birds were raised on corn-based diets supplemented with corn oil (0 and 3%) and Vit.E (National Research Council (NRC) recommended 25mg/kg/day/dry matter and 150 mg/kg/day/dry matter) in a 2×2 factorial manner. The diet was supplemented with corn oil and Vit.E (E2C2) which provided additional n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the form of 20:4n-6 and 22:4n-6 in spermatozoa phospholipid. The left testes weights were increased (P<0.01) in groups that received Vit.E in the diet (3.95 and 4.12 g, respectively) (P=0.03) and combined testes weight was the greatest in E2C2 group (7.57g) (P=0.02). Semen volume increased throughout the experiment in the E2C2 group. E2C1 and E2C2 birds had the greatest (90.05% and 92.1%, respectively) live sperm percent by comparison with other groups. The susceptibility of semen to lipid peroxidation in vitro was increased in quail fed E1C1 and E1C2, but was reduced when 150 mg Vit.E kg/day/dry matter feed was provided in the diet. The amount of Vit.E in the seminal plasma of E1C1 and E1C2 groups was (P<0.01) less than that in the other two groups (E2C1 and E2C2). From this study, it may be concluded that increasing diet n-6/n-3 ratio can be beneficial for semen traits, however, this application increased sperm peroxidation sensitivity but it can be controlled by inclusion of antioxidant such as Vit.E (150 mg/kg/day/dry matter) to diet. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Alleviation of 5-fluorouracil-induced intestinal mucositis in rats by vitamin E via targeting oxidative stress and inflammatory markers.

PubMed

Al-Asmari, Abdulrahman Khazim; Khan, Abdul Quaiyoom; Al-Asmari, Sarah A; Al-Rawi, Abdulqadir; Al-Omani, Saud

2016-12-01

BackgroundIntestinal mucositis is a major concern related with cancer therapy. It is well established that overproduction of reactive oxygen species and inflammatory mediators plays vital role in the pathogenesis of mucositis. The aim of the study was to investigate the modulatory effect of vitamin E (vit. E) on 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced intestinal mucositis by targeting oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in rats. MethodsRats were randomly divided into four groups of six animals each. All four-group animals received normal standard diet and water throughout the experimental period which last up to 10 days. Rats were gavaged with vit. E (300 mg/kg b. wt.) daily for 10 days (day 1-10) and were given intraperitoneal injection of 5-FU (150 mg/kg b. wt.) or saline (control) on day 8 to induce mucositis. Results We found that vit. E supplementation ameliorated 5-FU-induced lipid peroxidation, myeloperoxidase activity, activation of nuclear factor κB, expression of cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase and mucin depletion. Vit. E administration also attenuated 5-FU-induced histological anomalies such as neutrophil infiltration, loss of cellular integrity, villus and crypt deformities. ConclusionsFindings of the study suggest that vit. E inhibits 5-FU-induced mucositis via modulation of oxidative stress, activation of redox sensitive transcription factor and its downstream targets.

Protective effects of vitamin E and Cornus mas fruit extract on methotrexate-induced cytotoxicity in sperms of adult mice.

PubMed

Zarei, Leila; Sadrkhanlou, Rajabali; Shahrooz, Rasoul; Malekinejad, Hassan; Eilkhanizadeh, Behroz; Ahmadi, Abbas

2014-01-01

This study was aimed to assess the protective effects of Cornus mas fruit extract (CMFE) and vitamin E (Vit E) on sperm quality parameters in the methotrexate (MTX)-treated mice. Forty-eight young adult male mice (8-12 weeks) were randomly divided into six groups including control and test groups. The control group received normal saline orally , and the test groups were treated MTX (20 mg kg(-1), ip, once weekly), MTX + CMFE (250 mg kg(-1)), MTX + CMFE (500 mg kg(-1)), MTX + CMFE (1000 mg kg(-1)), and MTX + Vit E (100 IU kg(-1), po) for 35 consecutive days. On day 35, after euthanasia the epididymal sperms were isolated. Then the total mean sperm count, sperm viability and motility were determined. The total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) of all experimental groups were also evaluated. The MTX-treated animals showed a significant changes in all parameters of sperm quality assessment compared to the control group. Both Vit E and CMFE were able to protect from MTX-induced effects on sperm maturity and DNA damage. Co-administration of MTX and CMFE and/or Vit E resulted in protection from MTX-reduced TAOC. In conclusion, these data suggested that MTX administration could adversely affect the sperm quality. Moreover, the protective effect of Vit E and CMFE on MTX-induced sperm toxicity was also documented.

Protective effects of rosuvastatin and vitamin E against fipronil-mediated oxidative damage and apoptosis in rat liver and kidney.

PubMed

Abdel-Daim, Mohamed M; Abdeen, Ahmed

2018-04-01

Fipronil (FPN) is a phenylpyrazole insecticide that is extensively used in agriculture and veterinary applications. However, FPN is also a potent environmental toxicant to animals and humans. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the protective role of rosuvastatin (ROSU) and vitamin E (Vit E) against FPN-induced hepatorenal toxicity in albino rats. Seven groups with eight rats each were used for this purpose; these groups included the control vehicle group that received corn oil, the Vit E group (1000 mg/kg, orally), the ROSU group (10 mg/kg, orally), the FPN group (20 mg/kg, orally), the FPN-ROSU group, the FPN-Vit E group, and the FPN-Vit E-ROSU group. The results revealed that FPN significantly increased serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, cholesterol, urea, and creatinine. In addition, there were substantial increases in the liver and kidney contents of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide, along with significant decreases in glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. FPN also caused histological changes and increased the expression of caspase-3 in the liver and kidney tissues. However, administration of ROSU and Vit E alone or in combination ameliorated the FPN-induced oxidative damage and apoptosis, possibly through their antioxidant properties. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The knockdown of OsVIT2 and MIT affects iron localization in rice seed.

PubMed

Bashir, Khurram; Takahashi, Ryuichi; Akhtar, Shamim; Ishimaru, Yasuhiro; Nakanishi, Hiromi; Nishizawa, Naoko K

2013-11-20

The mechanism of iron (Fe) uptake in plants has been extensively characterized, but little is known about how Fe transport to different subcellular compartments affects Fe localization in rice seed. Here, we discuss the characterization of a rice vacuolar Fe transporter 2 (OsVIT2) T-DNA insertion line (osvit2) and report that the knockdown of OsVIT2 and mitochondrial Fe transporter (MIT) expression affects seed Fe localization. osvit2 plants accumulated less Fe in their shoots when grown under normal or excess Fe conditions, while the accumulation of Fe was comparable to that in wild-type (WT) plants under Fe-deficient conditions. The accumulation of zinc, copper, and manganese also changed significantly in the shoots of osvit2 plants. The growth of osvit2 plants was also slow compared to that of WT plants. The concentration of Fe increased in osvit2 polished seeds. Previously, we reported that the expression of OsVIT2 was higher in MIT knockdown (mit-2) plants, and in this study, the accumulation of Fe in mit-2 seeds decreased significantly. These results suggest that vacuolar Fe trafficking is important for plant Fe homeostasis and distribution, especially in plants grown in the presence of excess Fe. Moreover, changes in the expression of OsVIT2 and MIT affect the concentration and localization of metals in brown rice as well as in polished rice seeds.

Hymenoptera Venom Immunotherapy: Tolerance and Efficacy of an Ultrarush Protocol versus a Rush and a Slow Conventional Protocol

PubMed Central

Patella, Vincenzo; Florio, Giovanni; Giuliano, Ada; Oricchio, Carmine; Spadaro, Giuseppe; Marone, Gianni; Genovese, Arturo

2012-01-01

Background and Objective. Various venom immunotherapy (VIT) protocols are available for Hymenoptera allergy. Although adverse reactions (ADRs) to VIT are widely reported, controlled trials are still needed. We conducted a randomized prospective study to evaluate ADRs and the efficacy of three VIT regimens. Methods. 76 patients with Hymenoptera allergy, aged 16–76 years, were randomized to receive an ultrarush protocol (group A: 27 patients), a rush protocol (group B: 25), or a slow protocol (group C: 24). Aqueous venom extract was used in incremental phase and an adsorbed depot in maintenance phase. ADRs and accidental Hymenoptera stings during VIT were used to evaluate efficacy. Results. During incremental treatment, ADRs occurred in 1.99%, 3.7%, and 3.9% of patients in groups A, B, and C, and in 0.99%, 1.46%, and 2.7%, respectively, during maintenance. ADRs were significantly fewer in group A (incremental + maintenance phase) than in group C (1.29% versus 3.2%; P = 0.013). Reactions to accidental Hymenoptera stings did not differ among groups (1.1%, 1.2%, and 1.1%). Conclusion. Ultrarush was as effective as the rush and slow protocols and was associated with a low incidence of reactions to stings. This study indicates that ultrarush VIT is a valid therapeutic option for Hymenoptera allergy. PMID:22693521

Biosynthesis and hyper production of pullulan by a newly isolated strain of Aspergillus japonicus-VIT-SB1.

PubMed

Mishra, Bishwambhar; Suneetha, V

2014-07-01

The main focus of this study was to screen and characterize novel microbial strains isolated from culinary leaf samples, capable of producing high concentrations of pullulan. Hundred isolates were screened from the phylloplane of different plants. The results revealed that eight strains had the capability to produce exopolysaccharide (EPS) and only one potential strain (designated as VIT-SB1) could produce the significant amount of EPS (3.9 ± 0.02%) on the 6th day of the fermentation without optimisation. The EPS synthesized by VIT-SB1 strain was confirmed to be pullulan on the basis of the results of FT-IR, HPLC and the enzymatic (Pullulanase) analysis. More than 91% hydrolysis of pullulan by pullulanase enzyme also indicated the presence of α (1 → 6) glycosidic linkages of α (1 → 4) linked maltotriose units. This VIT-SB1 strain was identified as Aspergillus japonicus based on the nucleotide sequence of the D1/D2 domain of Large-Subunit rRNA gene. The sequence was submitted to the GenBank Nucleotide sequence database with Accession No: KC128815. This study has confirmed that pullulan production capacity of this novel strain and Aureobasidium pullulans are comparable. Hence Aspergillus japonicus-VIT-SB1 strain can be commercially exploited as a potential pullulan producing strain.

Association of vitamin D and vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms with chronic inflammation, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome components in type 2 diabetic Egyptian patients.

PubMed

Mackawy, Amal M H; Badawi, Mohammed E H

2014-12-01

To date the published data concerning the possible interplay between vitamin D (VitD) and Vit D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphism with the immune/inflammatory mediators in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is insufficient. Some of the immune non-classical actions of vitamin D may point to its role in the pathogenesis of type 2 DM through down-regulation of cytokines (IL-6). Although there is evidence to support a relationship among vitamin D status, chronic inflammation and insulin resistance, the underlying mechanism requires further exploration. We aimed to investigate the role of vitamin D in chronic inflammation and insulin resistance in type 2 DM. Moreover, to examine the association of VDR gene polymorphisms [VDR 2228570 C > T (FokI); VDR 1544410 A > G (BsmI)] with the components of metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) in type 2 diabetic Egyptian patients . A total of 190 subjects were enrolled in this study, 60 controls and 130 type 2 diabetic patients (Group II). Group II was subdivided into 63 patients without MetSyn (subgroup IIa) and 67 patients with MetSyn (subgroup IIb). Genetic analysis for VDR gene polymorphisms was done in all subjects. VitD and IL-6 plasma levels were estimated. The TT genotype for the VDR FokI was significantly more frequent in subgroup IIb than in subgroup IIa and controls (X (2) = 6.83, P = 0.03 and X (2) = 16.592, P = 0.000) respectively. The T allele was more frequent in the MetSyn group as compared to diabetics without MetSyn (p = 0.001), odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI for the T allele of C > T (FokI) = 2.30 (1.37-3.86). We did not detect any significant difference in VDR BsmI genotypes between patients and control groups (P = 0.947). FokI VDR was significantly associated with the lipid profile parameters, VitD and IL-6 plasma levels in subgroup IIa and associated with HOMA-IR, insulin, VitD, IL-6 levels, waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI) in subgroup IIb while BsmI VDR variant was associated only with VitD values in both subgroups. The present study suggests an interaction between VDR polymorphisms and important components of MetSyn, VitD and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6). FokI VDR polymorphisms may be linked to mild inflammation and insulin resistance and might represent a genetic determinant for developing MetSyn in type 2 diabetic Egyptian patients. The challenge is determining the mechanisms of VitD action for recommendation of VitD supplementation that reduces the risks of MetSyn, insulin resistance and progression to type 2 diabetes.

Association of vitamin D and vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms with chronic inflammation, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome components in type 2 diabetic Egyptian patients

PubMed Central

Mackawy, Amal M.H.; Badawi, Mohammed E.H.

2014-01-01

Background To date the published data concerning the possible interplay between vitamin D (VitD) and Vit D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphism with the immune/inflammatory mediators in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is insufficient. Some of the immune non-classical actions of vitamin D may point to its role in the pathogenesis of type 2 DM through down-regulation of cytokines (IL-6). Although there is evidence to support a relationship among vitamin D status, chronic inflammation and insulin resistance, the underlying mechanism requires further exploration. We aimed to investigate the role of vitamin D in chronic inflammation and insulin resistance in type 2 DM. Moreover, to examine the association of VDR gene polymorphisms [VDR 2228570 C > T (FokI); VDR 1544410 A > G (BsmI)] with the components of metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) in type 2 diabetic Egyptian patients . Subjects and methods A total of 190 subjects were enrolled in this study, 60 controls and 130 type 2 diabetic patients (Group II). Group II was subdivided into 63 patients without MetSyn (subgroup IIa) and 67 patients with MetSyn (subgroup IIb). Genetic analysis for VDR gene polymorphisms was done in all subjects. VitD and IL-6 plasma levels were estimated. Results The TT genotype for the VDR FokI was significantly more frequent in subgroup IIb than in subgroup IIa and controls (X2 = 6.83, P = 0.03 and X2 = 16.592, P = 0.000) respectively. The T allele was more frequent in the MetSyn group as compared to diabetics without MetSyn (p = 0.001), odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI for the T allele of C > T (FokI) = 2.30 (1.37–3.86). We did not detect any significant difference in VDR BsmI genotypes between patients and control groups (P = 0.947). FokI VDR was significantly associated with the lipid profile parameters, VitD and IL-6 plasma levels in subgroup IIa and associated with HOMA-IR, insulin, VitD, IL-6 levels, waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI) in subgroup IIb while BsmI VDR variant was associated only with VitD values in both subgroups. Conclusion The present study suggests an interaction between VDR polymorphisms and important components of MetSyn, VitD and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6). FokI VDR polymorphisms may be linked to mild inflammation and insulin resistance and might represent a genetic determinant for developing MetSyn in type 2 diabetic Egyptian patients. The challenge is determining the mechanisms of VitD action for recommendation of VitD supplementation that reduces the risks of MetSyn, insulin resistance and progression to type 2 diabetes. PMID:25606437

Distance Learning as a Training and Education Tool.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hosley, David L.; Randolph, Sherry L.

Lockheed Space Operations Company's Technical Training Department provides certification classes to personnel at other National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Centers. Courses are delivered over the Kennedy Space Center's Video Teleconferencing System (ViTS). The ViTS system uses two-way compressed video and two-way audio between…

Venom immunotherapy for preventing allergic reactions to insect stings.

PubMed

Boyle, Robert J; Elremeli, Mariam; Hockenhull, Juliet; Cherry, Mary Gemma; Bulsara, Max K; Daniels, Michael; Oude Elberink, J N G

2012-10-17

Venom immunotherapy (VIT) is commonly used for preventing further allergic reactions to insect stings in people who have had a sting reaction. The efficacy and safety of this treatment has not previously been assessed by a high-quality systematic review. To assess the effects of immunotherapy using extracted insect venom for preventing further allergic reactions to insect stings in people who have had an allergic reaction to a sting. We searched the following databases up to February 2012: the Cochrane Skin Group Specialised Register, CENTRAL in The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE (from 1946), EMBASE (from 1974), PsycINFO (from 1806), AMED (from 1985), LILACS (from 1982), the Armed Forces Pest Management Board Literature Retrieval System, and OpenGrey. There were no language or publication status restrictions to our searches. We searched trials databases, abstracts from recent European and North American allergy meetings, and the references of identified review articles in order to identify further relevant trials. Randomised controlled trials of venom immunotherapy using standardised venom extract in insect sting allergy. Two authors independently undertook study selection, data extraction, and assessment of risk of bias. We identified adverse events from included controlled trials and from a separate analysis of observational studies identified as part of a National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence Health Technology Assessment. We identified 6 randomised controlled trials and 1 quasi-randomised controlled trial for inclusion in the review; the total number of participants was 392. The trials had some risk of bias because five of the trials did not blind outcome assessors to treatment allocation. The interventions included ant, bee, and wasp immunotherapy in children or adults with previous systemic or large local reactions to a sting, using sublingual (one trial) or subcutaneous (six trials) VIT. We found that VIT is effective for preventing systemic allergic reaction to an insect sting, which was our primary outcome measure. This applies whether the sting occurs accidentally or is given intentionally as part of a trial procedure.In the trials, 3/113 (2.7%) participants treated with VIT had a subsequent systemic allergic reaction to a sting, compared with 37/93 (39.8%) untreated participants (risk ratio [RR] 0.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.03 to 0.28). The efficacy of VIT was similar across studies; we were unable to identify a patient group or mode of treatment with different efficacy, although these analyses were limited by small numbers. We were unable to confirm whether VIT prevents fatal reactions to insect stings, because of the rarity of this outcome.Venom immunotherapy was also effective for preventing large local reactions to a sting (5 studies; 112 follow-up stings; RR 0.41, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.69) and for improving quality of life (mean difference [MD] in favour of VIT 1.21 points on a 7-point scale, 95% CI 0.75 to 1.67).We found a significant risk of systemic adverse reaction to VIT treatment: 6 trials reported this outcome, in which 14 of 150 (9.3%) participants treated with VIT and 1 of 135 (0.7%) participants treated with placebo or no treatment suffered a systemic reaction to treatment (RR 8.16, 95% CI 1.53 to 43.46; 2 studies contributed to the effect estimate). Our analysis of 11 observational studies found systemic adverse reactions occurred in 131/921 (14.2%) participants treated with bee venom VIT and 8/289 (2.8%) treated with wasp venom VIT. We found venom immunotherapy using extracted insect venom to be an effective therapy for preventing further allergic reactions to insect stings, which can improve quality of life. The treatment carries a small but significant risk of systemic adverse reaction.

Distributed Monte Carlo Information Fusion and Distributed Particle Filtering

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-08-24

Distributed Monte Carlo Information Fusion and Distributed Particle Filtering Isaac L. Manuel and Adrian N. Bishop Australian National University and...2 20 + vit , (21) where vit is Gaussian white noise with a random variance. We initialised the filters with the state xi0 = 0.1 for all i ∈ V . This

Levels of adipocytokines and vitamin D in a biracial sample of young metabolically healthy obese and metabolically abnormal obese women

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Purpose: Adipocytokines and vitamin D (vitD) concentrations may contribute to cardiometabolic risk profiles in obese populations. The purpose was to determine if levels of adipocytokines and vitD differ between young metabolically healthy obese (MHO) and metabolically abnormal obese (MAO) black and ...

Evaluation of efficacy of natural astaxanthin and vitamin E in prevention of colistin-induced nephrotoxicity in the rat model.

PubMed

Ghlissi, Zohra; Hakim, Ahmed; Sila, Assaad; Mnif, Hela; Zeghal, Khaled; Rebai, Tarek; Bougatef, Ali; Sahnoun, Zouheir

2014-05-01

We evaluated the effect of astaxanthin (ASX) and vitamin E (vit E) on colistin methanesulfonate (CMS) induced-nephrotoxicity in rats. Animals were treated with sterile saline, 300000 or 450 000 IU/kg/day of CMS, CMS + ASX (20 mg/kg), CMS + vit E (100 mg/kg), or CMS + 1 ml/kg olive oil (OO) for 7 days. The plasma/urine creatinine (Cr) level, urine γ-glutamyl-transferase (GGT) level, and renal tissue activities in malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and reductase (GSH), as well as renal histology were performed. CMS induced a tubular damage, increased the GGT and MDA levels, and decreased the activities of SOD, CAT, GPx and GSH. Co-treatment with ASX or vit E restored all biochemical parameters cited above and improved the histopathological damage. Nephrotoxicity induced by CMS might be due to oxidative damage. The improvement by ASX or vit E seems to be related to their antioxidant properties. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Coupled turbulence and aerosol dynamics modeling of vehicle exhaust plumes using the CTAG model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Yan Jason; Zhang, K. Max

2012-11-01

This paper presents the development and evaluation of an environmental turbulent reacting flow model, the Comprehensive Turbulent Aerosol Dynamics and Gas Chemistry (CTAG) model. CTAG is designed to simulate transport and transformation of multiple air pollutants, e.g., from emission sources to ambient background. For the on-road and near-road applications, CTAG explicitly couples the major turbulent mixing processes, i.e., vehicle-induced turbulence (VIT), road-induced turbulence (RIT) and atmospheric boundary layer turbulence with gas-phase chemistry and aerosol dynamics. CTAG's transport model is referred to as CFD-VIT-RIT. This paper presents the evaluation of the CTAG model in simulating the dynamics of individual plumes in the “tailpipe-to-road” stage, i.e., VIT behind a moving van and aerosol dynamics in the wake of a diesel car by comparing the modeling results against the respective field measurements. Combined with sensitivity studies, we analyze the relative roles of VIT, sulfuric acid induced nucleation, condensation of organic compounds and presence of soot-mode particles in capturing the dynamics of exhaust plumes as well as their implications in vehicle emission controls.

Calcium, zinc and vitamin E ameliorate cadmium-induced renal oxidative damage in albino Wistar rats.

PubMed

Adi, Pradeepkiran Jangampalli; Burra, Siva Prasad; Vataparti, Amardev Rajesh; Matcha, Bhaskar

2016-01-01

This study was aimed to examine the protective effects of supplementation with calcium + zinc (Ca + Zn) or vitamin E (Vit-E) on Cd-induced renal oxidative damage. Young albino Wistar rats (180 ± 10 g) (n = 6) control rats, Cd, Cd + Ca + Zn, and Cd + Vit-E experimental groups and the experimental period was 30 days. Rats were exposed to Cd (20 mg/kg body weight) alone treated as Cd treated group and the absence or presence of Ca + Zn (2 mg/kg each) or Vit-E (20 mg/kg body weight) supplementation treated as two separate groups. The activities of the stress marker enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and lipid peroxidase (LPx) were determined in renal mitochondrial fractions of experimental rats. We observed quantitative changes in SOD isoenzymatic patterns by non-denaturing PAGE analysis, and quantified band densities. These results showed that Cd exposure leads to decreases in SOD, CAT, GR, and GPx activities and a concomitant increase in LPx and GST activities. Ca + Zn and Vit-E administration with Cd significantly reversed Cd-induced perturbations in oxidative stress marker enzymes. However, Vit-E showed more inhibitory activity against Cd than did Ca + Zn, and it protected against Cd-induced nephrotoxicity.

Effects of soil type and organic fertilizers on fatty acids and vitamin E in Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer).

PubMed

Chung, Ill-Min; Kim, Jae-Kwang; Yang, Jin-Hee; Lee, Ji-Hee; Park, Sung-Kyu; Son, Na-Young; Kim, Seung-Hyun

2017-12-01

This study examined the effects of soil type and fertilizer regimes on variations in fatty acids (FAs) and vitamin E (Vit-E) in 6-year-old ginseng roots. We observed significant variation in both FA and Vit-E contents owing to the type and quantity of organic fertilizer used in each soil type during cultivation. Unsaturated FAs were approximately 2.7-fold higher in ginseng than in saturated FAs. Linoleic, palmitic, and oleic acids were the most abundant FAs detected in ginseng roots. Additionally, α-tocopherol was the major Vit-E detected. In particular, the increased application of rice straw compost or food waste fertilizer elevated the quantity of nutritionally desirable FAs and bioactive Vit-E in ginseng root. Partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) score plots showed that soil type might be the main cause of differences in FA and Vit-E levels in ginseng. Specifically, the PLS-DA model indicated that palmitic acid is a suitable FA marker in determining whether ginseng plants were grown in a paddy-converted field or an upland field. Moreover, linoleic acid levels were highly correlated with α-linolenic acid (r=0.8374; p<0.0001) according to Pearson's correlations and hierarchical clustering analysis. Hence, these preliminary results should prove useful for the reliable production of ginseng containing high phytonutrient quantities according to cultivation conditions. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Vitamin K2 alleviates type 2 diabetes in rats by induction of osteocalcin gene expression.

PubMed

Hussein, Atef G; Mohamed, Randa H; Shalaby, Sally M; Abd El Motteleb, Dalia M

2018-03-01

The biological mechanisms behind the association between vitamin K (Vit K) and glucose metabolism are uncertain. We aimed to analyze the expression of insulin 1 (Ins 1), insulin 2 (Ins 2) and cyclin D2, the expression of adiponectin and UCP-1 . In addition, we aimed to estimate the doses of Vit K2 able to affect various aspects of glucose and energy metabolism in type 2 diabetes. Thirty adult male rats were allocated equally into five groups: control group, diabetes mellitus group, and groups 3, 4, and 5, which received Vit K 2 at three daily dose levels (10, 15, and 30 mg/kg, respectively) for 8 wk. At the end of the study, blood samples were collected to quantify total osteocalcin, fasting plasma glucose, fasting insulin, and relevant variables. The expression of OC, Ins 1, Ins 2, cyclin D2, adiponectin, UCP-1 genes was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. After administration of Vit K 2 , a dose-dependent decrease in fasting plasma glucose, hemoglobin A1c and homeostatic model assessment method insulin resistance, and a dose-dependent increase in fasting insulin and homeostatic model assessment method β cell function levels, when compared with diabetes mellitus rats, were detected. There was significant upregulation of OC, Ins 1, Ins 2, or cyclin D2 gene expression in the three treated groups in a dose-dependent manner when compared with the diabetic rats. However, expression of adiponectin and UCP-1 were significantly increased at the highest dose (30 mg/kg daily) only. Vit K 2 administration could improve glycemic status in type 2 diabetic rats by induction of OC gene expression. Osteocalcin could increase β-cell proliferation, energy expenditure, and adiponectin expression. Different concentrations of Vit K 2 were required to affect glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Monosodium glutamate induced testicular toxicity and the possible ameliorative role of vitamin E or selenium in male rats.

PubMed

Hamza, Reham Z; Al-Harbi, Mohammad S

2014-01-01

Monosodium glutamate (MSG) has been recognized as flavor enhancer that adversely affects male reproductive systems. The present study was carried out to evaluate the potential protective role of vitamin E (vit E) or selenium against MSG induced oxidative stress and histopathological changes in testis tissues of rats. Mature male Wistar rats weighing 150-200 g BW were allocated to evenly twelve groups each group of ten animals, the first group was maintained as control group, the 2nd, 3rd and 4th groups were administered MSG in three different dose levels (low, medium and high) (6, 17.5 and 60 mg/kg BW), the 5th and 6th groups were given vit E in two doses (low and high) (150 and 200 mg/kg), the 7th and 8th groups were administered selenium in two doses (low and high) (0.25 and 1 mg/kg) daily via gavage for a period of 30 days. Meanwhile the 9th and 10th groups were given combinations of MSG (high dose) and vit E while, the 11th and 12th groups were given MSG (high dose) plus selenium in two recommended doses for each one. Monosodium glutamate caused an elevation in lipid peroxidation level parallel with significant decline in SOD, CAT as well as GPx activities in testis tissues. Administration of vit E or selenium to MSG-treated groups declined lipid peroxidation, increased SOD, CAT, GPx activities. Selenium or vit E significantly reduced MSG induced histopathological changes by the entire restoration of the histological structures and the testicular antioxidant status to great extent in treated rats. In conclusion, supplementation of selenium or vit E could ameliorate the MSG induced testicular toxicity to great extent and reduce the oxidative stress on testis tissues.

Understanding stable bi-female grouping in gibbons: feeding competition and reproductive success.

PubMed

Fan, Peng-Fei; Bartlett, Thad Q; Fei, Han-Lan; Ma, Chang-Yong; Zhang, Wen

2015-01-01

Species of the order Primates are highly gregarious with most species living in permanent heterosexual social groups. According to theory in socioecology maximum social group size is limited by rates of intra-group feeding competition and associated increases in travel costs. Unlike other hylobatids, which are predominantly pair living, cao vit gibbons (Nomascus nasutus), and two other species of crested gibbon (Nomascus spp.) living in northern seasonal forest, regularly exhibit larger bi-female groups. To better understand the ability of northern gibbons to live in stable bi-female groups, we examined food distribution, feeding competition and reproductive success over a period of six years in a small cao vit gibbon population at Bangliang, Guangxi, China. In general, we found weak evidences for within-group contest or scramble competition in our two study groups, which we attribute to high spatial and temporal heterogeneity in the distribution of their important food species. Nevertheless, the larger of the two groups studied increased feeding time and group spread during lean periods, factors that may limit cao vit gibbon group size to a maximum of two breeding females. Relative to tropical pair-living gibbons, there is no evidence that cao vit gibbons travel farther or spend more time feeding, but they did consume more leaves and buds and less fruit and figs. Despite their highly folivorous diet, the average inter-birth interval is comparable to tropical gibbon populations, and the survival rate of infants and juveniles in our study groups is high. Cao vit gibbons do not suffer obvious costs in terms of feeding competition and reproductive success by living in bi-female groups, but within-group feeding competition may determine the upper the limit of cao vit gibbon group size to a maximum of two breeding females. These findings contribute to a growing body of evidence that bi-female grouping can be a stable grouping pattern of gibbons in certain habitats and further emphasize the flexibility of gibbon social organization.

The impact of electromagnetic radiation (2.45 GHz, Wi-Fi) on the female reproductive system: The role of vitamin C.

PubMed

Saygin, Mustafa; Ozmen, Ozlem; Erol, Onur; Ellidag, Hamit Yasar; Ilhan, Ilter; Aslankoc, Rahime

2018-01-01

The present study investigated the effects of applied continuous 2.45 GHz electromagnetic radiation (EMR), which might cause physiopathological or morphological changes in the ovarian, fallopian tubal, and uterine tissues of rats. We proposed that the addition of vitamin C (Vit C) may reduce these severe effects. Eighteen female Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups with six animals in each: Sham, EMR (EMR, 1 h/day for 30 days), and EMR + Vit C (EMR, 1 h/day for 30 days 250 mg/kg/daily). Total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) levels increased ( p = 0.011 and p = 0.002, respectively) in the EMR-only group in ovarian tissues. In all tissues, TOS and OSI levels significantly decreased in the Vit C-treated group in ovarian, fallopian tubal, and uterine tissues ( p < 0.05). Anti-müllerian hormone levels significantly increased in the EMR group ( p < 0.05) and decreased in the Vit C-treated groups. Estrogen (E2) levels were unchanged in the EMR group, as the differences were not statistically significant. Immunohistochemical examination of the ovaries revealed significant increases in Caspase-3 expressions in the epithelial cells of the EMR group ( p < 0.05). In the EMR group, hyperemia was observed in uterine tissues. Also, Caspase-3 and Caspase-8 were significantly increased in the EMR group ( p < 0.001). Caspase-3 was significantly diminished with Vit C application in the ovarian and uterine tissues ( p < 0.05). Caspase-8 was significantly diminished only in uterine tissues ( p < 0.05). These results indicate that prolonged EMR exposure induced physiopathological changes in the ovarian, fallopian tubal, and uterine tissues due to oxidative damage. Under the conditions of this study, Vit C may have protective effects on female reproductive system against oxidative damage.

Determination of VIT 45 (IND#63,243 - American Regent) removal by closed loop in vitro hemodialysis system.

PubMed

Manley, H J; McClaran, M L

2006-11-01

Intravenous iron is typically administered during the hemodialysis (HD) procedure. The extent of VIT 45, a novel intravenous iron formulation, removal by high-flux (HF) or high-efficiency (HE) dialysis membranes at various ultrafiltration rates (UFR) is unknown. An in vitro HD system was constructed to determine the dialyzability of iron from a normal saline compartment (NSC) containing 1000 mg iron of VIT 45. The in vitro system utilized a 6-L closed-loop SBS system that was subject to 4 different HD conditions conducted over 4 hours: HE membrane + 0 ml/h UFR; HE membrane + 500 ml/h UFR; HF membrane + 0 ml/h UFR; HF membrane + 500 ml/h UFR. Blood flow and dialysate flow rates were 500 ml/min and 800 ml/min, respectively. The dialysate compartment was a 6-L closed-loop system. A volumetric HD machine controlled all blood, dialysate, and ultrafiltration rates. NSC and dialysate compartment samples were taken at various time points and iron elimination rate (khd) and HD clearance (Clhd) was determined. Iron removal from the NSC > 15% was considered clinically significant. The percent removal of iron from the NSC was < 0.5% at all time points in the study. Dialysate recovery of iron was negligible: 1.7-5.1 mg. VIT 45 removal elimination rates from NSC were less than -0.001 h(-1) (range -0.0002 +/- 0.0001 to -0.0001 +/- 0.0002 h (-1)) for all study conditions. Dialyzer type or UFR did not effect iron removal. HF or HE dialysis membranes do not remove clinically significant amounts of VIT 45 over a 4-hour in vitro HD session. This effect remained constant even controlling for UFR up to 500 ml/hour. VIT 45 is not dialyzed by HE or HF dialysis membranes irrespective of UFR.

Determination of potential role of antioxidative status and circulating biochemical markers in the pathogenesis of ethambutol induced toxic optic neuropathy among diabetic and non-diabetic patients.

PubMed

Rasool, Mahmood; Malik, Arif; Manan, Abdul; Aziz, Khuram; Mahmood, Amna; Zaheer, Saima; Shuja, Naveed; Qazi, Mahmood Husain; Kamal, Mohammad Amjad; Karim, Sajjad

2015-11-01

The present study was designed to explore the antioxidative status and circulating biochemical markers having a potential role in the pathogenesis of ethambutol (EMB) induced toxic optic neuropathy (TON) among diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Fifty patients under complete therapy of EMB for tuberculosis were included in the present study. Inclusion criteria for patients were to receive EMB everyday during treatment, a dose of 25 mg/kg for initial 2 months and 15 mg/kg during the rest of therapy period. We conducted color vision and visual acuity test for all patients. Fifteen out of fifty EMB induced TON patients, were found to be diabetic. Color vision and visual acuity test results were evaluated for diabetic and non-diabetic as well as twenty age matched controls. The results demonstrated a significant pattern of circulating biochemical markers between the studied groups. Data regarding hematological (RBC, p value = 0.02; Hemoglobin, p value = 0.02), hepatic (total bilirubin, p value = 0.01), renal (urea, p value = 0.03; creatinine, p value = 0.007), lipid (total cholesterol, p value = 0.01; total triglycerides, p value = 0.03) and antioxidative (superoxide dismutase, p value = 0.005; glutathione, p value = 0.02; catalase, p value = 0.02) profile showed a highly significant difference among the studied groups specially patients with diabetes. Malondialdehyde (MDA) level had gone significantly up in diabetic TON patients (p value = 0.02), in comparison to other antioxidants and vitamins (Vit). Vit-A, E, B1, B12 and Zinc seem to be playing a major role in the pathogenesis of TON, specially Vit-E and B1 surpassed all the antioxidants as having highly significant inverse relationships with MDA (MDA vs Vit-E, r = -0.676(**) and MDA vs Vit-B1, r = -0.724(**) respectively). We conclude that during the ethambutol therapy the decreased levels of Vit-E and Vit-B1 possibly play a role in the development of TON and may be used as therapeutic agents to lessen the deleterious effects of ethambutol.

Vitamin D Alters Genes Involved in Follicular Development and Steroidogenesis in Human Cumulus Granulosa Cells

PubMed Central

Doswell, Angela; Krebs, Kendall; Cipolla, Marilyn

2014-01-01

Context: Vitamin D deficiency is common among reproductive-aged women and has a role in female reproduction. Objective: This study evaluated the role of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (vit D3) in ovarian follicular development and steroidogenesis by using a human granulosa cell (GC) model. Design, Setting, and Participants: Fifty-four women who underwent in vitro fertilization were enrolled. Intervention: Follicular fluid (FF) and mural and cumulus GCs were collected from small and large follicles. In separate experiments, primary cumulus GCs were cultured with or without vit D3 followed by RT-PCR for mRNA expression levels. The effect of recombinant anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) on nuclear localization of phospho-Smad 1/5/8 was evaluated in the presence or absence of vit D3 by using immunofluorescence. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D levels in FF as well as cell culture media AMH, progesterone, and estradiol (E2) concentrations were determined by ELISA and RIA. Main Outcome Measures: The following were measured: 1) mRNA expression levels; 2) 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) enzyme activity; 3) FSH-induced aromatase mRNA and E2 production; and 4) nuclear localization of phospho-Smad 1/5/8. Results: In a multivariate analysis, 25 OH-D levels in FF negatively correlated with AMH and AMH receptor (AMHR)-II mRNA levels in cumulus GCs of small follicles. Compared with women with replete 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in FF, those with insufficient/deficient levels had a 2-fold increase in AMHR-II mRNA levels in cumulus GCs of small follicles (P = .02). Treatment with vit D3 caused a decrease in AMHR-II and FSH receptor mRNA but an increase in 3-βHSD mRNA levels compared with control (P < .05). Vit D3 enhanced 3-βHSD enzyme activity as assessed by increasing progesterone release; however, vit D3 did not affect FSH-induced aromatase mRNA and E2 production, but it decreased the phosphorylation of Smad 1/5/8 and its nuclear localization. Conclusion: These data suggest that vit D3 alters AMH signaling and steroidogenesis in human cumulus GCs, possibly reflecting a state of GC luteinization potentiation. PMID:24628555

Vitamin D replacement ameliorates serum lipoprotein functions, adipokine profile and subclinical atherosclerosis in pre-menopausal women.

PubMed

Greco, D; Kocyigit, D; Adorni, M P; Marchi, C; Ronda, N; Bernini, F; Gurses, K M; Canpinar, H; Guc, D; Oguz, S H; Gurlek, A; Strazzella, A; Simonelli, S; Tokgozoglu, L; Zimetti, F

2018-05-12

Low vitamin D (vitD) has been linked to increased cardiovascular (CV) risk, but the effects of vitD supplementation are not clarified. We evaluated the impact of vitD normalization on HDL cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC), which inversely correlates with CV risk, the proatherogenic serum cholesterol loading capacity (CLC), adipokine profile and subclinical atherosclerosis. Healthy premenopausal women with vitD deficiency (n = 31) underwent supplementation. Subclinical atherosclerosis was evaluated by flow-mediated dilation (FMD), pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (AIx), measured with standard techniques. HDL CEC and serum CLC were measured by a radioisotopic and fluorimetric assay, respectively. Malondialdehyde (MDA) in HDL was quantified by the TBARS assay. Pre-β HDL was assessed by 2D-electrophoresis. Serum adipokines were measured by ELISA. VitD replacement restored normal levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and significantly improved FMD (+4%; p < 0.001), PWV (-4.1%: p < 0.001) and AIx (-16.1%; p < 0.001). Total CEC was significantly improved (+19.5%; p = 0.003), with a specific increase in the ABCA1-mediated CEC (+70.8%; p < 0.001). HDL-MDA slightly but significantly decreased (-9.6%; p = 0.027), while no difference was detected in pre-β HDL. No change was observed in aqueous diffusion nor in the ABCG1-mediated CEC. Serum CLC was significantly reduced (-13.3%; p = 0.026). Levels of adiponectin were increased (+50.6%; p < 0.0001) and resistin levels were decreased (-24.3%; p < 0.0001). After vitD replacement, an inverse relationship was found linking the ABCA1-mediated CEC with pre-β HDL (r 2  = 0.346; p < 0.001) and resistin (r 2  = 0.220; p = 0.009). Our data support vitD supplementation for CV risk prevention. Copyright © 2018 The Italian Society of Diabetology, the Italian Society for the Study of Atherosclerosis, the Italian Society of Human Nutrition, and the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Application of the Evacuated Canister System for Removing Residual Molten Glass From the West Valley Demonstration Project High-Level Waste Melter

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

May, Joseph J.; Dombrowski, David J.; Valenti, Paul J.

The principal mission of the West Valley Demonstration Project (WVDP) is to meet a series of objectives defined in the West Valley Demonstration Project Act (Public Law 96-368). Chief among these is the objective to solidify liquid high-level waste (HLW) at the WVDP site into a form suitable for disposal in a federal geologic repository. In 1982, the Secretary of Energy formally selected vitrification as the technology to be used to solidify HLW at the WVDP. One of the first steps in meeting the HLW solidification objective involved designing, constructing and operating the Vitrification (Vit) Facility, the WVDP facility thatmore » houses the systems and subsystems used to process HLW into stainless steel canisters of borosilicate waste-glass that satisfy waste acceptance criteria (WAC) for disposal in a federal geologic repository. HLW processing and canister production began in 1996. The final step in meeting the HLW solidification objective involved ending Vit system operations and shut ting down the Vit Facility. This was accomplished by conducting a discrete series of activities to remove as much residual material as practical from the primary process vessels, components, and associated piping used in HLW canister production before declaring a formal end to Vit system operations. Flushing was the primary method used to remove residual radioactive material from the vitrification system. The inventory of radioactivity contained within the entire primary processing system diminished by conducting the flushing activities. At the completion of flushing activities, the composition of residual molten material remaining in the melter (the primary system component used in glass production) consisted of a small quantity of radioactive material and large quantities of glass former materials needed to produce borosilicate waste-glass. A special system developed during the pre-operational and testing phase of Vit Facility operation, the Evacuated Canister System (ECS), was deployed at the West Valley Demonstration Project to remove this radioactively dilute, residual molten material from the melter before Vit system operations were brought to a formal end. The ECS consists of a stainless steel canister of the same size and dimensions as a standard HLW canister that is equipped with a special L-shaped snorkel assembly made of 304L stainless steel. Both the canister and snorkel assembly fit into a stainless steel cage that allows the entire canister assembly to be positioned over the melter as molten glass is drawn out by a vacuum applied to the canister. This paper describes the process used to prepare and apply the ECS to complete molten glass removal before declaring a formal end to Vit system operations and placing the Vit Facility into a safe standby mode awaiting potential deactivation.« less

Overexpression of Arabidopsis VIT1 increases accumulation of iron in cassava roots and stems

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Iron is extremely abundant in the soil, but its uptake in plants is limited due to low solubility in neutral or alkaline soils. Plants can rely on rhizosphere acidification to increase iron solubility. AtVIT1 was previously found to be involved in mediating vacuolar sequestration of iron, which indi...

Collard, mustard and turnip greens: Effects of varieties and leaf position on concentrations of ascorbic acid, folate, B-carotene, lutein and phylloquinone

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Leafy Brassica crops: collard (Brassica oleracea L.), mustard (B. juncea L.) and turnip (B. rapa) greens are important commercial and culinary vegetables; especially in the southern United States. However, almost no information on essential human-health vitamins [ascorbic acid (vit C), folate (vit...

Sudden death associated with myocardial contraction band necrosis in Boer goat kids.

PubMed

Amini, K; Simko, E; Davies, J L

2011-11-01

Parenteral selenium (Se) and vitamin E (Vit E) were administered to all newborn kids at a Boer goat farm where there was previous high neonatal mortality assumed to be due to nutritional myopathy. All treated kids were affected by severe respiratory distress and died within 8 hours of Se/Vit E administration. Gross lesions included severe pulmonary edema, hydrothorax, and hydropericardium. The primary histopathologic finding was severe, acute, and monophasic myocardial contraction band necrosis. The diagnosis was accidental acute selenosis based on trace mineral analysis of the liver. This case highlights an important differential diagnosis in cases of acute myocardial contraction band necrosis and sudden death in goats and emphasizes the need for caution when administering parenteral Se/Vit E preparations.

Vacuum-induced quantum memory in an opto-electromechanical system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Qin, Li-Guo; Wang, Zhong-Yang; Wu, Shi-Chao; Gong, Shang-Qing; Ma, Hong-Yang; Jing, Jun

2018-03-01

We propose a scheme to implement electrically controlled quantum memory based on vacuum-induced transparency (VIT) in a high-Q tunable cavity, which is capacitively coupled to a mechanically variable capacitor by a charged mechanical cavity mirror as an interface. We analyze the changes of the cavity photons arising from vacuum-induced-Raman process and discuss VIT in an atomic ensemble trapped in the cavity. By slowly adjusting the voltage on the capacitor, the VIT can be adiabatically switched on or off, meanwhile, the transfer between the probe photon state and the atomic spin state can be electrically and adiabatically modulated. Therefore, we demonstrate a vacuum-induced quantum memory by electrically manipulating the mechanical mirror of the cavity based on electromagnetically induced transparency mechanism.

Vertical interincisal trespass assessment in children with speech disorders.

PubMed

Sahad, Marcelo de Gouveia; Nahás, Ana Carla Raphaelli; Scavone-Junior, Helio; Jabur, Luciana Badra; Guedes-Pinto, Eduardo

2008-01-01

Through a transversal epidemiological study, conducted with 333 Brazilian children, males (157) and females (176), aged 3 to 6 years old, enrolled in a public preschool, this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of the different types of vertical interincisal trespass (VIT) and the relationship between these occlusal aspects and anterior lisping and/or anterior tongue thrust in the articulation of the lingua-alveolar phonemes /t/, /d/, /n/ and /l/. All children involved were submitted to a VIT examination and to a speech evaluation. Statistical significance was analyzed through the Qui-square test, at a significance level of 0.05 (95% confidence limit). The quantitative analysis of the data demonstrated the following prevalences: 1 - the different types of VIT: 48.3% for normal overbite (NO), 22.5% for deep overbite (DO), 9.3% for edge to edge (ETE) and 19.8% for open bite (OB); 2 - interdental lisping in relation to the different types of VIT: 42% for NO, 12.5% for DO, 12.5% for ETE, 32.9% for OB; and 3 - children with anterior tongue thrust in the articulation of lingua-alveolar phonemes in relation to the different types of VIT: 42.1% for NO, 14% for DO, 10.5% for ETE, 33.3% for OB. The results demonstrated that there was a significant relationship between open bite and anterior lisping and/or anterior tongue thrust in the articulation of the lingua-alveolar phonemes /t/, /d/, /n/ and /l/; and that there was a significant relationship between deep overbite and the absence of anterior lisping and anterior tongue thrust in the articulation of the lingua-alveolar phonemes.

Intrinsic factors rather than vitamin D deficiency are related to insulin resistance in lean women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

PubMed

Sahin, S; Eroglu, M; Selcuk, S; Turkgeldi, L; Kozali, S; Davutoglu, S; Muhcu, M

2014-10-01

To investigate the correlation between insulin resistance (IR) and serum 25-OH-Vit D concentrations and hormonal parameters in lean women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). 50 lean women with PCOS and 40 body mass index (BMI) matched controls were compared in terms of fasting insulin and glucose, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), 25-OH-Vit D, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), total testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides and Ferriman-Gallway (FG) scores. Correlation analyses were performed between HOMA-IR and metabolic and endocrine parameters. 30% of patients with PCOS demonstrated IR. Levels of 25-OH-Vit D, hsCRP, cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglyceride and fasting glucose did not differ between the study and control groups. Fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, LH, total testosterone, and DHEA-S levels were higher in PCOS group. HOMA-IR was found to correlate with hs-CRP and total testosterone but not with 25-OH-Vit D levels in lean patients with PCOS. An association between 25-OH-Vit D levels and IR is not evident in lean women with PCOS. hs-CRP levels do not indicate to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in this population of patients. Because a strong association between hyperinsulinemia and hyperandrogenism exists in lean women with PCOS, it is advisable for this population of patients to be screened for metabolic disturbances, especially in whom chronic anovulation and hyperandrogenism are observed together.

The role of vitamin E in the prevention of zoledronic acid-induced nephrotoxicity in rats: a light and electron microscopy study.

PubMed

Sert, İbrahim Unal; Kilic, Ozcan; Akand, Murat; Saglik, Lutfi; Avunduk, Mustafa Cihat; Erdemli, Esra

2018-03-01

Bisphosphonates are widely used in metastatic cancer such as prostate and breast cancer, and their nephrotoxic effects have been established previously. In this study we aimed to evaluate both the nephrotoxic effects of zoledronic acid (ZA) and the protective effects of vitamin E (Vit-E) on this process under light and electron microscopy. A total of 30 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups. The first group constituted the control group. The second group was given i.v. ZA of 3 mg/kg once every 3 weeks for 12 weeks from the tail vein. The third group received the same dosage of ZA with an additional i.m . injection of 15 mg Vit-E every week for 12 weeks. Tissues were taken 4 days after the last dose of ZA for histopathological and ultrastructural evaluation. Paller score, tubular epithelial thickness and basal membrane thickness were calculated for each group. For group 2, the p -values are all < 0.001 for Paller score, epitelial thickness, and basal membrane thickness. For group 3 (ZA + Vit. E), the p -values are < 0.001 for Paller score, 0.996 for epitelial thickness, and < 0.001 basal membrane thickness. Significant differences were also observed in ultrastructural changes for group 2. However, adding Vit-E to ZA administration reversed all the histopathological changes to some degree, with statistical significance. Administration of ZA had nephrotoxic effects on rat kidney observed under both light and electron microscopy. Concomitant administration of Vit-E significantly reduces toxic histopathological effects of ZA.

Moderate dietary supplementation with vitamin E enhances lymphocyte functionality in the adult cat.

PubMed

O'Brien, Teresa; Thomas, David G; Morel, Patrick C H; Rutherfurd-Markwick, Kay J

2015-04-01

This study aimed to determine the effects of supplemental Vit E and/or Se on selected parameters of the immune system of the cat. Nine diets were fed in a 3 × 3 factorial design with no supplementation (control (C)); and either moderate (M); or high (H) levels of Vit E (0, 225 or 450 mg/kg DM diet) and/or Se (0, 2 or 10 mg/kg DM diet) added to a complete and balanced basal diet. After 28 days of feeding, enhanced lymphocyte proliferative responses to Concanavalin A and phytohaemagglutinin were observed (P < 0.05) in cats fed diets containing supplemental Vit E, irrespective of whether they also contained Se. Cats in the MVitE, HVitE, MVitE + MSe, HVitE + MSe, and HVitE + HSe groups all showed enhancement of phagocytic activity compared to control animals (P < 0.001). Our results indicate that a supplemental level of 225 mg/kg DM diet Vit E appears to have beneficial effects on immune function in the cat. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

In vitro thrombolytic activity of purified streptokinase extracted from Streptococcus equinus VIT_VB2 isolated from bovine milk.

PubMed

Babu, Vaishnavi; Subathra Devi, C

2015-01-01

Streptokinase (SK) is an extracellular enzyme secreted by various strains of β-hemolytic Streptococci. The main focus of the current study is to evaluate the in vitro thrombolytic activity of purified SK extracted from Streptococcus equinus VIT_VB2 (Accession no. JX406835) isolated from milk sample. The growth rate of S. equinus VIT_VB2 strain was studied with pH and biomass content which has positive significant effect on enzyme yield. A temperature of 10 °C and pH of 6 was found to be optimum for maximum SK activity. The specific activity of the purified SK produced by VIT_VB2 strain was found to be 6,585 IU mg(-1). The molecular mass of the enzyme was determined as 47 kDa by SDS-PAGE. In vitro thrombolytic activity of purified SK was determined using synthetic chromogenic substrate S-2251, the activity of the purified enzyme was found to be 6,330 ± 2.2 IU. The purity of SK was compared with standard SK by HPLC. This is the first report which reveals the SK activity of S. equinus isolated from milk sample.

Antenatal vitamin A administration attenuates lung hypoplasia by interfering with early instead of late determinants of lung underdevelopment in congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

PubMed

Baptista, Maria J; Melo-Rocha, Gustavo; Pedrosa, Carla; Gonzaga, Sílvia; Teles, Antónia; Estevão-Costa, José; Areias, José C; Flake, Alan W; Leite-Moreira, Adelino F; Correia-Pinto, Jorge

2005-04-01

Early and late lung underdevelopment in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is likely caused by nonmechanical (directly mediated by nitrofen) and mechanical (mediated by thoracic herniation) factors, respectively. The authors investigated if vitamin A enhances lung growth because of effects on both early and late determinants of lung hypoplasia. Twenty-seven pregnant Wistar rats were exposed on embryonic day (E)9.5 to 100 mg of nitrofen or just olive oil. From nitrofen-exposed pregnant rats, 12 were treated at day 9.5 or 18.5 with 15,000 IU of vitamin A. Lungs were harvested at E18, E20, and E22, weighed, and analyzed for DNA and protein contents. Left and/or right lung hypoplasia was estimated by assessment of the ratios of lung to body weight and left to right lung weight. Fetuses were assigned to 5 experimental groups: baseline (exposed neither to nitrofen nor vitamin A), nitrofen (exposed to nitrofen without CDH), CDH (exposed to nitrofen with CDH), nitr+vitA (exposed to nitrofen without CDH and treated with vitamin A), and CDH+vitA (exposed to nitrofen with CDH and treated with vitamin A). Incidence of hernia was significantly reduced in fetuses treated with vitamin A. When vitamin A was administered at E9.5, the authors observed similar effect on lung hypoplasia measured through ratio of lung to body weight at E18 in the nitrofen and CDH groups (nitrofen 1.92% +/- 0.05%, CDH 1.92% +/- 0.04%), whereas lung hypoplasia was attenuated relative to baseline (2.45% +/- 0.05%) in 5% and 4% in nitrofen (nitr+vitA 2.05% +/- 0.03%) and CDH (CDH+vitA 2.08% +/- 0.04%) groups, respectively. At E20, lung hypoplasia was increased in CDH compared with nitrofen groups (nitrofen 2.52% +/- 0.1%, CDH 2.39% +/- 0.05%), whereas vitamin A attenuated lung hypoplasia, in relation to baseline (3.20% +/- 0.07%), 14% in both nitrofen-exposed groups (nitr+vitA 2.96% +/- 0.03%, CDH+vitA 2.83% +/- 0.03%). At E22, lung hypoplasia was significantly higher in CDH group than nitrofen group (nitrofen 2.13% +/- 0.06%, CDH 1.48% +/- 0.03%), whereas lung hypoplasia was attenuated in 9% of both nitrofen-exposed groups (nitr+vitA 2.35% +/- 0.06%, CDH+vitA 1.69% +/- 0.05%) in relation to baseline group (2.38% +/- 0.04%). Administration of vitamin A at E18.5 produced no significant effects on lung growth. The authors conclude from these results that antenatal administration of vitamin A attenuates lung hypoplasia in CDH by interfering with early determinants of lung underdevelopment. This finding may have clinical implications because prenatal diagnosis of human CDH commonly occurs after 16 weeks' gestation when late determinants of lung hypoplasia likely predominate.

Influence of different calcium supplies and a single vitamin D injection on vitamin D receptor and calbindin D9k immunoreactivities in the gastrointestinal tract of goat kids.

PubMed

Sidler-Lauff, K; Boos, A; Kraenzlin, M; Liesegang, A

2010-11-01

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether diets differing in Ca concentration would have an influence on vitamin D (VitD) receptor (VDR) and calbindin D9k (Calb9k) immunoreactivities in the gastrointestinal tract of growing goats. In addition, the effect of a single VitD injection was studied, to clarify whether exogenous VitD would further increase the active Ca absorption mechanisms. The hypothesis of the study was that reduced Ca intake would lead to greater active Ca absorption, and with that, to greater amounts of VDR and Calb9k immunoreactivities. The normal Ca kid group (according to age requirements) received 2.5 to 6 g of Ca/d, whereas the lesser Ca kid group (less than requirements) received 1.5 to 4 g of Ca/d from wk 6 (weaning) to 15 (slaughter). In addition, 5 and 6 goat kids, respectively, of each group (normal Ca kid group, lesser Ca kid group), were injected with VitD (0.05 mg of cholecalciferol/kg of BW) in wk 14 of life. Blood samples were taken in wk 14 and 15. Calcium and VitD (25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D) concentrations were determined in serum. Immediately after slaughter, the duodenum (DD) and rumen (RU) were mounted in conventional Ussing chambers. Unidirectional flux rates of Ca across gastrointestinal tissues were measured. Additionally, tissue specimens of the gastrointestinal tract were collected, and formaldehyde-fixed paraffin sections were used for VDR and Calb9k immunohistochemistry. In all kid groups, a net absorption in the RU and a net secretion of Ca in the DD were observed. Immunoreactions of VDR were greatest in the duodenal mucosa, whereas Calb9k immunoreactions were observed in the forestomach and intestinal tissues. The greatest expression was observed in the duodenal surface epithelium. Additionally, in the VitD-injected groups, an immunoreaction occurred in the jejunal superficial and basal glands and the ileal superficial epithelium. In contrast, the other groups showed no Calb9k immunoreactions at these sites. In conclusion, there is clear evidence for the RU as a main site for Ca absorption. The results of this study also indicate that VDR and Calb9k are highly expressed in the duodenal mucosa. The active absorption may not have such an important role in the DD because active transport was also evident in the RU. However, Calb9k expression seems to be stimulated by VitD administration.

Vitamin D insufficiency reduces the protective effect of bisphosphonate on ovariectomy-induced bone loss in rats.

PubMed

Mastaglia, Silvina R; Pellegrini, Gretel G; Mandalunis, Patricia M; Gonzales Chaves, Macarena M; Friedman, Silvia M; Zeni, Susana N

2006-10-01

The present study was carried out to obtain an experimental model of vitamin D (vit D) insufficiency and established osteopenia (experiment 1) to then investigate whether vit D status, i.e. normal or insufficient, interferes with bone mass recovery resulting from bisphosphonate therapy (experiment 2). Rats (n = 40) underwent OVX (n = 32) or a sham operation (n = 8). The first 15 days post-surgery, all groups were kept under fluorescent tube lighting and fed a diet containing 200 IU% vit D (+D). They were then assigned during an additional 45 days to receive either +D or a diet lacking vit D (-D) and kept under 12 h light/dark cycles using fluorescent or red lighting. Serum 25HOD was significantly lower in -D rats (P < 0.0001). The type of lighting did not induce differences in 25OHD, calcium (sCa), phosphorus (sP), bone alkaline phosphatase (b-AL), CTX, bone density or histology. No osteoid was observed in undecalcified bone sections. Experiment 2 (105 days): rats were fed either +D or -D according to experiment 1 and were treated with either placebo or 16 mug olpadronate (OPD)/100 g rat/week during the last 45 days. Whereas 25HOD was significantly lower (P < 0.0001) in -D/OPD than in +D/OPD rats, no significant differences in sCa, sP, b-AL or CTX were observed. OPD prevented the loss of lumbar spine (LS) and proximal tibia (PT) BMD and the decrease in bone volume (BV/TV) (P < 0.05) and in the number of trabeculae observed in untreated rats. However, +D/OPD animals presented significantly higher values of LS BMD, PT BMD and BV/TV than -D/OPD rats (P < 0.05). No osteoid was observed in undecalcified sections of bone. In summary, this is the first experimental study to provide evidence that differences in vit D status may affect the anticatabolic response to bisphosphonate treatment. However, the molecular mechanism through which vit D insufficiency reduces the effect of the aminobisphosphonate remains to be defined.

Levothyroxine replacement therapy with vitamin E supplementation prevents oxidative stress and cognitive deficit in experimental hypothyroidism.

PubMed

Pan, Tianrong; Zhong, Mingkui; Zhong, Xing; Zhang, Yanqing; Zhu, Defa

2013-04-01

Hypothyroidism has a variety of adverse effects on cognitive function. The treatment of levothyroxine alone cannot restore cognitive defects of hypothyroid patients. Antioxidant vitamin E supplementation could be useful in disturbances which are associated with oxidative stress and could effectively slow the progression of Alzheimer disease. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate oxidative stress status of the serum and hippocampus in hypothyroidism and to examine the effects of levothyroxine replacement therapy with vitamin E supplementation on cognitive deficit. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: control group, PTU group, PTU + Vit E group, PTU + L-T4 group, and PTU + L-T4 + Vit E group. Serum and hippocampus malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were determined using the thiobarbituric-acid reactive substances method. Serum and hippocampus superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were determined by measuring its ability to inhibit the photoreduction of nitroblue tetrazolium. Learning and memory was assessed by Morris water maze test. In the present study, we found that the rats of PTU + Vit E group spent less time to find the platform on days 2, 3, 4, and 5 than the PTU group. Moreover, the rats of PTU + L-T4 + Vit E group spent less time to find the platform on days 4 and 5 than the PTU + L-T4 group. The time spent in the target quadrants was measured in the probe test and no difference was observed in all groups. Oxidative damage has been observed in the serum and hippocampus of hypothyroidism rat. SOD levels of serum and hippocampus tissue were significantly increased and MDA levels were significantly decreased in the PTU + Vit E and PTU + L-T4 + Vit E groups than the PTU and PTU + L-T4 groups. Therefore, these findings indicate that levothyroxine replacement therapy with vitamin E supplementation may ameliorate cognitive deficit in PTU-induced hypothyroidism through the decrease of oxidative stress status.

The noninvasive mouse ear swelling assay. II. Testing the contact sensitizing potency of fragrances.

PubMed

Thorne, P S; Hawk, C; Kaliszewski, S D; Guiney, P D

1991-11-01

The noninvasive mouse ear swelling assay (MESA) for contact allergy testing was evaluated using fragrance components and complex fragrance mixtures. The test materials represented weak sensitizers and nonsensitizers. Two versions of the MESA were investigated. Both were noninvasive and utilized only topical abdominal dosing and ear challenge with single applications in BALB/cBy mice. The vit A MESA differed from the regular MESA only in that mice were maintained on a diet with 17-fold higher levels of vitamin A (vit A) acetate beginning 3 weeks prior to induction. Sensitization reactions were determined by measuring the mean increase in ear swelling over baseline at 24, 48 and 72 hr postexposure. Irritation dose-response curves facilitated choosing a high nonirritating challenge dose. Sensitization dose-response curves were developed for cinnamaldehyde (CINN) and a complex fragrance mixture, F-16. From these curves, the SD50 was determined. This value represents the dose which sensitized half the animals and serves to rank the potency of compounds for allergic contact dermatitis and to compare values among different assays. The SD50 for CINN was 21.6% while the SD50vit A for F-16 was 26.6%. The other fragrance, isoeugenol (ISOE), and fragrance mixtures, F-07 and F-22, were also found to be weak sensitizers in the MESA and vit A MESA. The results in the MESA for CINN and ISOE were in the range observed with guinea pig test protocols but showed that the MESA was more sensitive than human test protocols. Two of the fragrance mixtures tested in the MESA gave comparable results in the Buehler guinea pig assay. However, the third (F-22) was negative in the Buehler assay and the MESA, but positive in the vit A MESA. The results of this work with weak sensitizers and the companion study (Thorne et al., 1991) with potent sensitizers at low doses illustrate that the noninvasive MESA is as sensitive as many standard guinea pig assays. In addition, it is easier and much less expensive to perform. The vit A MESA has the sensitivity and predictive power needed to test compounds and mixtures for contact sensitizing potency.

Thymoquinone potentiates chemoprotective effect of Vitamin D3 against colon cancer: a pre-clinical finding

PubMed Central

Mohamed, Amr M; Refaat, Bassem A; El-Shemi, Adel G; Kensara, Osama A; Ahmad, Jawwad; Idris, Shakir

2017-01-01

Prevention of colon cancer among high-risk group has been long lasting research goal. Emerging data have evidenced the anticancer activities of Vitamin D3 (Vit.D) and Thymoquinone (TQ). The aim of the current study was to evaluate the synergistic potential of Thymoquinone and Vitamin D3 in the control of colon cancer progression using azoxymethane-induced rat model. Vit.D and TQ were given individually or in combination 4 week prior to induction and continued for a total of 20 week. At the end of the study, all animals were euthanized and their resected colons were examined macroscopically and microscopically for tumor growth. Colonic tissue preparations were used for measuring gene expression and/or protein levels of selected pro and anti-tumor biomarkers using quantitative RT-PCR, ELISA and immunohistochemistry. Compared with their individual supplementation, combined Vit.D/TQ showed prominent anti-tumor effect manifested by significant reduction (P < 0.05) of the numbers of grown tumors and large aberrant crypts foci. Mechanistically, gene expression and/or protein quantification studies revealed that combined Vit.D/TQ supplementation induced significant reduction (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05) of pro-cancerous molecules (Wnt, β-catenin, NF-κB, COX-2, iNOS, VEGF and HSP-90) as well as significant increase (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively) of anti-tumorigenesis biomarkers (DKK-1, CDNK-1A, TGF-β1, TGF-β/RII and smad4) as compared to un-supplemented or individually supplemented groups, respectively. In conclusion, TQ augmented the chemopreventive effect of Vit.D during the initiation phase of colon cancer in rat model, with the potential to suppress progression of pre-neoplastic lesions in colon carcinogenesis. PMID:28337306

A simple 3-day "rush" venom immunotherapy protocol: documentation of safety.

PubMed

Kalogeromitros, D; Makris, M; Koti, I; Chliva, C; Mellios, A; Avgerinou, G; Theoharides, T C

2010-01-01

Venom immunotherapy (VIT) is the only effective treatment for hymenoptera hypersensitivity, but conventional protocols require a few weeks. We present the safety of a 3-day "rush" protocol that requires only 7 injections and 255 mgr cumulative dose before the 100 microg maintenance dose. Forty-nine patients (33 males, 16 females) of mean age 43.57+/-12.9 yrs received "rush" VIT. Only 7 injections were required until the maintenance dose of 100 mgr was reached on Day 5. On Day 1, four injections were administered with initial dose of 5 mgr and total dose of 75 microg. On Day 3 a cumulative dose of 180 mgr was administered in three injections (40 mgr, 60 mgr and 80 mgr). A dose of 100 mgr was administered on Day 5. Twenty-nine individuals were treated with Honey-Bee venom; 18 with Common wasp; 5 with Paper Wasp; while 13 patients received Mixed Vespid preparation. Inclusion criteria were documented IgE-mediated allergy with intradermal sensitivity to < or =0.1 mgr/ml venom concentration and concomitant detection of specific venom IgE > or =0.35 kU/l. All patients reached the maintenance dose. Forty-nine patients received 65 immunotherapy courses, resulting in 1520 injections. Thirty-three systemic reactions: 7 during building phase (1.5%); and 26 in the maintenance dose (2.4%) were observed in 9 patients. The percentage of reactions/total injection number was 2.2%; all reactions were mild-to-moderate. Fourteen patients reported documented field stings at least two months after VIT onset with only one reported mild systemic reaction. We propose a simple "rush" VIT protocol in an outpatient setting as an easy-to-perform alternative option for VIT induction phase. Copyright 2009 SEICAP. Published by Elsevier Espana. All rights reserved.

Alternative expression of vacuolar iron transporter and ferritin genes leads to blue/purple coloration of flowers in tulip cv. 'Murasakizuisho'.

PubMed

Shoji, Kazuaki; Momonoi, Kazumi; Tsuji, Tosiaki

2010-02-01

Flowers of tulip cv. 'Murasakizuisho' have a purple perianth except for the bottom region, which is blue in color even though it has the same anthocyanin, delphinidin 3-O-rutinoside, as the entire perianth. The development of the blue coloration in the perianth bottom is due to complexation by anthocyanin, flavonol and iron (Fe), as well as a vacuolar iron transporter, TgVit1. Although transient expression of TgVit1 in the purple cells led to a color change to light blue, the coloration of the transformed cells did not coincide with the dark blue color of the cells of the perianth bottom. We thought that another factor is required for the blue coloration of the cells of perianth bottom. To examine the effect of ferritin (FER), an Fe storage protein, on blue color development, we cloned an FER gene (TgFER1) and performed expression analyses. TgFER1 transcripts were found in the cells located in the upper region of the petals along with purple color development by anthocyanin and were not found in the blue cells of the perianth bottom. This gene expression is in contrast to that of TgVit1, expressed only in the cells of the perianth bottom. Co-expression of TgVIT1 and TgFER-RNAi, constructed for suppressing endogenous TgFER1 by RNA interference (RNAi), changed the purple petal cells to a dark blue color similar to that of the natural perianth bottom. These results strongly suggest that TgVit1 expression and TgFER1 suppression are critical for the development of blue color in the perianth bottom.

Effects of dietary oregano essential oil and vitamin E supplementation on meat quality, stress response and intestinal morphology in pigs following transport stress.

PubMed

Zou, Yi; Hu, Xiao Ming; Zhang, Ting; Wei, Hong Kui; Zhou, Yuan Fei; Zhou, Zhong Xin; Peng, Jian

2017-02-14

This study investigates the effects of dietary oregano essential oil (OEO) and vitamin E (Vit E) supplementation on meat quality, stress response and intestinal morphology in pigs following transport stress. A total of 288 finishing pigs were randomly assigned to three groups: a basal diet or a basal diet supplemented either with 200 mg/kg Vit E or 25 mg/kg OEO. After a 28-day feeding trial, total of 132 finishing pigs according diet and transport stress were assigned to one of four treatment groups: 1) control treatment without transport stress (Control group), 2) control treatment with 5-hr transport stress (Negative group), 3) Vit E treatment with 5-hr transport stress and 4) OEO treatment with 5-hr transport stress. Transport stress pigs had lower muscle 45 min pH (pHi) and higher drip loss than control pigs. Dietary OEO and Vit E supplementation significantly increased 45min pH under transport stress, and the OEO groups produced lower 24-hr drip loss values (P<0.05) than that of pigs from the negative group. The OEO-supplemented pigs showed decreased serum levels of creatine kinase (CK) and cortisol (P<0.05), and decreased Hsp 27 (heat shock protein 27) and Hsp 70 (heat shock protein 70) mRNA expression in the muscle (P<0.05). Additionally, histological analysis revealed intestinal epithelial damage in transport stress pigs that was reversed by dietary supplementation with OEO. In conclusion, supplementation with dietary OEO may be superior to supplementation with dietary Vit E in alleviating the meat quality, stress response and intestinal morphology of pigs after challenge due to transportation stress.

Antioxidant capacity of omega-3-fatty acids and vitamin E against imidacloprid-induced hepatotoxicity in Japanese quails.

PubMed

Emam, Hazem; Ahmed, Eman; Abdel-Daim, Mohamed

2018-04-01

Imidacloprid (IM) is a neonicotinoid insecticide, used in a wide range of agricultural activities worldwide. However, it results in ecosystem disturbances and signs of toxicity in human and animals. The current study was designed to elucidate the protective effects of omega-3-fatty acids (OFAs) and vitamin E (Vit E) against IM hepatotoxicity in Japanese quails. Seventy male quails (30 days old) were divided into seven groups (n = 10); G 1 -ve control; G 2 received IM (+ve control); G 3 received OFA; G 4 received Vit E; and G 5 , G 6 , and G 7 received OFA and/or Vit E with IM for 30 days, respectively. Blood and liver tissue samples were collected. Imidacloprid significantly (p < 0.05) increased serum levels of alanine transferase (ALT), aspartate transferase (AST), triglycerides (TGC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), as well as liver tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration. Moreover, IM caused a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the levels of serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), as well as liver superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity and reduced-glutathione (GSH) concentration in comparison to the -ve control group. Histopathological changes in hepatocytes, including thick cell trabeculae with marked hydropic vacuolar degeneration of cytoplasm, were found in IM-treated group. Treatment with OFA and/or Vit E resulted in significant improvements in general body condition, serum HDL-C level, and liver tissue SOD enzyme activity and GSH concentration, as well as significant decreases in the levels of serum AST, ALT, TGC, LDL-C, and hepatic tissue MDA. In conclusion, OFA and Vit E have a protective effect against IM toxicity, especially in their combination.

The effect of enriched milk with selenium and vitamin E on growth rate, hematology, some blood biochemical factors, and immunoglobulins of newborn goat kids.

PubMed

Shokrollahi, Borhan; Mansouri, Marouf; Amanlou, Hamid

2013-06-01

Thirty male and female (n = 15 for each one) Markhoz newborn goat kids (aged 7 ± 3 days) were distributed in a randomized block design in a 2 × 2 + 1 factorial arrangement: two levels of sodium selenite as a source of selenium (0.2 or 0.3 ppm Se), two levels of α-tocopherol acetate as a source of vitamin E (150 or 200 IU Vit E), and one control treatment with six repetitions per treatment (each replicate included three male and three female kids). Animals were fed daily by Se-Vit E-enriched milk (Se-Vit E treatments) or non-enriched milk (control treatment). Growth rate, hematology, and serum biological parameters were measured. The levels of serum albumin (P < 0.01), serum globulin (P < 0.05), total serum protein levels (P < 0.01), erythrocyte counts (RBC) (P < 0.001), hemoglobin (P < 0.001), hematocrit (P < 0.001), leukocyte counts (WBC) (P < 0.001), IgA (P < 0.05), IgG (P < 0.01), and IgM (P < 0.01) significantly differed among treatments, while no significant differences were observed for calcium, lymphocyte, neutrophil average daily gain and body weight among treatments. Kids feeding by enriched milk with 0.3 ppm Se and 200 IU Vit E had significantly higher serum total protein, globulin, RBC, IgA, IgG, and IgM compared to control and those fed by enriched milk to 0.2 ppm Se and 200 IU Vit E had significantly higher WBC counts.

Effects of dietary oregano essential oil and vitamin E supplementation on meat quality, stress response and intestinal morphology in pigs following transport stress

PubMed Central

ZOU, Yi; HU, Xiao Ming; ZHANG, Ting; WEI, Hong Kui; ZHOU, Yuan Fei; ZHOU, Zhong Xin; PENG, Jian

2016-01-01

This study investigates the effects of dietary oregano essential oil (OEO) and vitamin E (Vit E) supplementation on meat quality, stress response and intestinal morphology in pigs following transport stress. A total of 288 finishing pigs were randomly assigned to three groups: a basal diet or a basal diet supplemented either with 200 mg/kg Vit E or 25 mg/kg OEO. After a 28-day feeding trial, total of 132 finishing pigs according diet and transport stress were assigned to one of four treatment groups: 1) control treatment without transport stress (Control group), 2) control treatment with 5-hr transport stress (Negative group), 3) Vit E treatment with 5-hr transport stress and 4) OEO treatment with 5-hr transport stress. Transport stress pigs had lower muscle 45 min pH (pHi) and higher drip loss than control pigs. Dietary OEO and Vit E supplementation significantly increased 45min pH under transport stress, and the OEO groups produced lower 24-hr drip loss values (P<0.05) than that of pigs from the negative group. The OEO-supplemented pigs showed decreased serum levels of creatine kinase (CK) and cortisol (P<0.05), and decreased Hsp 27 (heat shock protein 27) and Hsp 70 (heat shock protein 70) mRNA expression in the muscle (P<0.05). Additionally, histological analysis revealed intestinal epithelial damage in transport stress pigs that was reversed by dietary supplementation with OEO. In conclusion, supplementation with dietary OEO may be superior to supplementation with dietary Vit E in alleviating the meat quality, stress response and intestinal morphology of pigs after challenge due to transportation stress. PMID:27916788

Which immunotherapy product is better for patients allergic to Polistes venom? A laboratory and clinical study

PubMed Central

Savi, Eleonora; Incorvaia, Cristoforo; Boni, Elisa; Mauro, Marina; Peveri, Silvia; Pravettoni, Valerio; Quercia, Oliviero; Reccardini, Federico; Montagni, Marcello; Pessina, Laura

2017-01-01

Background Venom immunotherapy (VIT) is highly effective in preventing allergic reactions to insect stings, but the appropriate venom must be used to achieve clinical protection. In patients with multiple positive results to venoms, molecular allergy diagnostics or CAP-inhibition may identify the causative venom. Concerning allergy to venom from Polistes spp. it has been proposed that only the European species P. dominulus should be used for VIT. However, this recommendation is not present in any international guideline. Using both laboratory and clinical data, we aimed to evaluate the reliability of this proposal. Methods We performed an in vitro study using CAP-inhibition to determine sensitization of 19 patients allergic to Polistes venom. The clinical study included 191 patients with positive tests to Polistes treated with VIT, 102 were treated with P. dominulus and 89 were treated with a mix of American Polistes (mAP). Results The difference in % of inhibition was significant concerning inhibition of P. dominulus sIgE by P. dominulus venom (79.8%) compared with inhibition by mAP venom (64.2%) and not significant concerning the inhibition of mAP sIgE by P. dominulus venom (80.1%) and by mAP venom (73.6%). Instead, the clinical protection from stings was not statistically different between the two kinds of venom. Conclusion The data from CAP inhibition would suggest that the choice of either P. dominulus venom or mAP venom for VIT is appropriate in patients with CAP inhibition higher than 70%, but the clinical data show the same odds of protection from stings using for VIT P. dominulus or mAP venom. PMID:28686638

Allergen immunotherapy for insect venom allergy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

PubMed

Dhami, S; Zaman, H; Varga, E-M; Sturm, G J; Muraro, A; Akdis, C A; Antolín-Amérigo, D; Bilò, M B; Bokanovic, D; Calderon, M A; Cichocka-Jarosz, E; Oude Elberink, J N G; Gawlik, R; Jakob, T; Kosnik, M; Lange, J; Mingomataj, E; Mitsias, D I; Mosbech, H; Ollert, M; Pfaar, O; Pitsios, C; Pravettoni, V; Roberts, G; Ruëff, F; Sin, B A; Asaria, M; Netuveli, G; Sheikh, A

2017-03-01

The European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) is in the process of developing the EAACI Guidelines on Allergen Immunotherapy (AIT) for the management of insect venom allergy. To inform this process, we sought to assess the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and safety of AIT in the management of insect venom allergy. We undertook a systematic review, which involved searching 15 international biomedical databases for published and unpublished evidence. Studies were independently screened and critically appraised using established instruments. Data were descriptively summarized and, where possible, meta-analysed. Our searches identified a total of 16 950 potentially eligible studies; of which, 17 satisfied our inclusion criteria. The available evidence was limited both in volume and in quality, but suggested that venom immunotherapy (VIT) could substantially reduce the risk of subsequent severe systemic sting reactions (OR = 0.08, 95% CI 0.03-0.26); meta-analysis showed that it also improved disease-specific quality of life (risk difference = 1.41, 95% CI 1.04-1.79). Adverse effects were experienced in both the build-up and maintenance phases, but most were mild with no fatalities being reported. The very limited evidence found on modelling cost-effectiveness suggested that VIT was likely to be cost-effective in those at high risk of repeated systemic sting reactions and/or impaired quality of life. The limited available evidence suggested that VIT is effective in reducing severe subsequent systemic sting reactions and in improving disease-specific quality of life. VIT proved to be safe and no fatalities were recorded in the studies included in this review. The cost-effectiveness of VIT needs to be established. © 2016 The Authors. Allergy Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Effects of chromium and chromium + vitamin C combination on metabolic, oxidative, and fear responses of broilers transported under summer conditions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Perai, A. H.; Kermanshahi, H.; Moghaddam, H. Nassiri; Zarban, A.

2015-04-01

A total of 240 female broilers (42 days old) were randomly assigned to four groups with six replicates and fed either a basal diet (two control groups) or a basal diet supplemented with either 1,200 μg Cr+3 from chromium (Cr) methionine/kg (Cr group) or 1,200 μg Cr+3 from Cr methionine plus 800 mg vitamin C (Vit C)/kg of diet (Cr + Vit C group). After 7 days on the dietary treatment, all groups except one of the controls were transported for 3 h under the summer conditions. Performance parameters were not influenced by dietary treatments. The plasma concentrations of insulin, triiodothyronine, triglyceride, and the ratio of triiodothyronine/thyroxin were decreased and the ratio of glucose/insulin was increased due to transport process. Road transportation also increased the plasma concentrations of protein, cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, and creatine kinase and decreased the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the Cr + Vit C group. The pretransport concentrations of insulin and triiodothyronine were highest in the Cr + Vit C group. The concentration of phosphorous was lower in the Cr group than that in the other groups after transport. No significant effects of dietary treatments were observed on the other biochemical parameters. Transport increased malondialdehyde concentration in the control group and did not change plasma total antioxidant capacity and erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity. Either in combination or alone, Cr increased plasma total antioxidant capacity (before transport P ≤ 0.05, after transport P = 0.07) but did not affect the concentration of malondialdehyde and activity of glutathione peroxidase. The duration of tonic immobility (TI) was similar between nontransported control chicks and transported chicks without any supplements. Pretreatment with Cr + Vit C significantly reduced the duration of TI.

Galactooligosaccharide improves the animal survival and alleviates motor neuron death in SOD1G93A mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

PubMed

Song, L; Gao, Y; Zhang, X; Le, W

2013-08-29

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive and devastating neurodegenerative disease caused by selective degeneration and death of motor neurons. So far very limited therapeutic options have emerged to treat this fatal disease. Homocysteine (Hcy) lowering drugs have been suggested to be a palliative therapy of this disease. Folate, Vitamin B12 (VitB12) and Vitamin B6 (VitB6) are important elements involved in the Hcy metabolism and we proposed that medications which could promote the absorption of folate, VitB12 and VitB6 might have benefit for ALS. Galactooligosaccharides (GOS) is a prebiotic which could significantly improve the absorption and syntheses of B Vitamins. To investigate whether GOS could provide neuroprotective effect in ALS, we applied GOS and GOS-rich prebiotic yogurt in SOD1(G93A) mice and assessed their effects on the disease progression of ALS. Our results showed that GOS and prebiotics yogurt administration significantly delayed the disease onset and prolonged the lifespan in SOD1(G93A) mice. Also, these products increased the concentration of folate, VitB12 and reduced the level of Hcy. Moreover, we found that both GOS and prebiotics yogurt attenuated motor neurons loss, improved the atrophy and mitochondrial activity in myocyte. Furthermore, we demonstrated that GOS and GOS-rich prebiotic treatment suppressed the activation of astrocytes and microglia and regulated several inflammatory- and apoptosis-related factors. Our findings suggested that GOS might have therapeutic potential for ALS, and GOS-rich prebiotic yogurt might be considered as a nutritional therapy for this disease. Copyright © 2013 IBRO. All rights reserved.

Lower-limb veins are thicker and vascular reactivity is decreased in a rat PCOS model: concomitant vitamin D3 treatment partially prevents these changes.

PubMed

Várbíró, Szabolcs; Sára, Levente; Antal, Péter; Monori-Kiss, Anna; Tőkés, Anna-Mária; Monos, Emil; Benkő, Rita; Csibi, Noémi; Szekeres, Maria; Tarszabo, Robert; Novak, Agnes; Paragi, Péter; Nádasy, György L

2014-09-15

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) causes vascular damage to arteries; however, there are no data for its effect on veins. Our aim was to clarify the effects of dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-induced PCOS both on venous biomechanics and on pharmacological reactivity in a rat model and to test the possible modulatory role of vitamin D3 (vitD). PCOS was induced in female Wistar rats by DHT treatment (83 μg/day, subcutaneous pellet). After 10 wk, the venous biomechanics, norepinephrine (NE)-induced contractility, and acetylcholine-induced relaxation were tested in saphenous veins from control animals and from animals treated with DHT or DHT with vitD using pressure angiography. Additionally, the expression levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX-2) were measured using immunohistochemistry. Increased diameter, wall thickness, and distensibility as well as decreased vasoconstriction were detected after the DHT treatment. Concomitant vitD treatment lowered the mechanical load on the veins, reduced distensibility, and resulted in vessels that were more relaxed. Although there was no difference in the endothelial dilation tested using acetylcholine (ACh), the blocking effect of N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) was lower and was accompanied by lower COX-2 expression in the endothelium after the DHT treatment. Supplementation with vitD prevented these alterations. eNOS expression did not differ among the three groups. We conclude that the hyperandrogenic state resulted in thicker vein walls. These veins showed early remodeling and altered vasorelaxant mechanisms similar to those of varicose veins. Alterations caused by the chronic DHT treatment were prevented partially by concomitant vitD administration. Copyright © 2014 the American Physiological Society.

L-Ascorbate Protects Against Methamphetamine-Induced Neurotoxicity of Cortical Cells via Inhibiting Oxidative Stress, Autophagy, and Apoptosis.

PubMed

Huang, Ya-Ni; Yang, Ling-Yu; Wang, Jing-Ya; Lai, Chien-Cheng; Chiu, Chien-Tsai; Wang, Jia-Yi

2017-01-01

Methamphetamine (METH)-induced cell death contributes to the pathogenesis of neurotoxicity; however, the relative roles of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy remain unclear. L-Ascorbate, also called vitamin (Vit.) C, confers partial protection against METH neurotoxicity via induction of heme oxygenase-1. We further investigated the role of Vit. C in METH-induced oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy in cortical cells. Exposure to lower concentrations (0.1, 0.5, 1 mM) of METH had insignificant effects on ROS production, whereas cells exposed to 5 mM METH exhibited ROS production in a time-dependent manner. We confirmed METH-induced apoptosis (by nuclear morphology revealed by Hoechst 33258 staining and Western blot showing the protein levels of pro-caspase 3 and cleaved caspase 3) and autophagy (by Western blot showing the protein levels of Belin-1 and conversion of microtubule-associated light chain (LC)3-I to LC3-II and autophagosome staining by monodansylcadaverine). The apoptosis as revealed by cleaved caspase-3 expression marked an increase at 18 h after METH exposure while both autophagic markers, Beclin 1 and LC3-II, marked an increase in cells exposed to METH for 6 and 24 h, respectively. Treating cells with Vit. C 30 min before METH exposure time-dependently attenuated the production of ROS. Vitamin C also attenuated METH-induced Beclin 1 and LC3-II expression and METH toxicity. Treatment of cells with Vit. C before METH exposure attenuated the expression of cleaved caspase-3 and reduced the number of METH-induced apoptotic cells. We suggest that the protective effect of Vit. C against METH toxicity might be through attenuation of ROS production, autophagy, and apoptosis.

Which immunotherapy product is better for patients allergic to Polistes venom? A laboratory and clinical study.

PubMed

Savi, Eleonora; Incorvaia, Cristoforo; Boni, Elisa; Mauro, Marina; Peveri, Silvia; Pravettoni, Valerio; Quercia, Oliviero; Reccardini, Federico; Montagni, Marcello; Pessina, Laura; Ridolo, Erminia

2017-01-01

Venom immunotherapy (VIT) is highly effective in preventing allergic reactions to insect stings, but the appropriate venom must be used to achieve clinical protection. In patients with multiple positive results to venoms, molecular allergy diagnostics or CAP-inhibition may identify the causative venom. Concerning allergy to venom from Polistes spp. it has been proposed that only the European species P. dominulus should be used for VIT. However, this recommendation is not present in any international guideline. Using both laboratory and clinical data, we aimed to evaluate the reliability of this proposal. We performed an in vitro study using CAP-inhibition to determine sensitization of 19 patients allergic to Polistes venom. The clinical study included 191 patients with positive tests to Polistes treated with VIT, 102 were treated with P. dominulus and 89 were treated with a mix of American Polistes (mAP). The difference in % of inhibition was significant concerning inhibition of P. dominulus sIgE by P. dominulus venom (79.8%) compared with inhibition by mAP venom (64.2%) and not significant concerning the inhibition of mAP sIgE by P. dominulus venom (80.1%) and by mAP venom (73.6%). Instead, the clinical protection from stings was not statistically different between the two kinds of venom. The data from CAP inhibition would suggest that the choice of either P. dominulus venom or mAP venom for VIT is appropriate in patients with CAP inhibition higher than 70%, but the clinical data show the same odds of protection from stings using for VIT P. dominulus or mAP venom.

Effect of photobiomodulation (670 nm) associated with vitamin A on the inflammatory phase of wound healing.

PubMed

Otterço, A N; Brassolatti, P; Andrade, A L M; Avó, L R S; Bossini, P S; Parizotto, N A E

2018-05-22

Wound healing is a complex biological process with specific phases. Photobiomodulation (PBM) decreases the inflammatory infiltrate, stimulating fibroblast proliferation and angiogenesis, and therefore, is indicated for wound healing. Vitamin A is used to reverse the inhibitory effects on wound healing and accelerate the healthy granulation tissue. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of topical vitamin A and PBM (GaAlAs) in inflammatory phase of cutaneous wounds. Forty Wistar male rats were separated into four groups: (1) control (CG); (2) laser group (LG) GaAlAs, 670 nm, 30 mW, energy per point of 0.9 J, radiating by 1 point in 30 s; (3) vitamin A group (VitAG); and (4) laser group plus vitamin A (LG + VitAG). Wounds were surgically made by a punch biopsy with 10 mm of diameter on the back of the animals and all treatments were started according to the experiment. The treatments were administered for four consecutive days and biopsy was performed on day 4. We performed both H&E and immunohistochemistry analysis. The results were compared between groups by one-way analysis of variance ANOVA test with post hoc Tukey (p < 0.05). Inflammatory infiltrate increased significantly in LG compared to CG and VitAG (p < 0.05). Regarding angiogenesis, VEGF expression was increased significantly in LG and LG + VitAG groups, p < 0.01. The results indicate that proposed treatments were effective on the healing process improved by LG and LG + VitAG. We show that laser plus vitamin A enhances healing by reducing the wound area and may have potential application for clinical management of cutaneous wounds.

Congruence of the current practices in Hymenoptera venom allergic patients in Poland with EAACI guidelines

PubMed Central

Cichocka-Jarosz, Ewa; Diwakar, Lavanya; Brzyski, Piotr; Tobiasz-Adamczyk, Beata; Lis, Grzegorz; Pietrzyk, Jacek J.

2011-01-01

Introduction Venom immunotherapy (VIT) practice is the definitive treatment for patients with potentially fatal allergic reactions to Hymenoptera stings. The aim is assesing compliance of VIT practice in Poland with the current European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) guidance. Material and methods A multicentre study was carried out using a structured questionnaire which was sent by post to all VIT practitioners in Poland. Some questionnaire items were altered, in comparison to original version by adding additional answer options or alowing multiple answer option. The response rate was 100%. The obtained results were compared with the published EAACI guidelines. Results Twenty-six Polish centres took part in the survey. SSIgE and skin prick tests (SPT) are together used as the first line of investigation, whereas confirmatory intradermal tests (IDT) are applied in half of centres. Only a few centres measure baseline serum tryptase levels. The ultra-rush protocol is preferred. Antihistamine pre-medication is routinely practiced. A target dose equal to 100 µg is used in most centres. A 6-week interval between booster doses is the most frequent. Five years is considered as an optimal VIT duration. Before the VIT completion, SSIgE is evaluated in fifty percent of centres, whereas sting challenge is considered by half of responders. Conclusions There are some differences between current practice in Poland and the EAACI recommendations, indicating areas requiring better compliance. Comparision between Poland and the United Kingdom revealed that health service organization and health care funding may play a major role in the provision of allergy services. This may affect the extent to which international guidance may be applied in individual countries. It is worth considering conducting the same survey in other European countries. PMID:22291828

Insertion of part of an intron into the 5[prime] untranslated region of a Caenorhabditis elegans gene converts it into a trans-spliced gene

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Conrad, R.; Thomas, J.; Spieth, J.

In nematodes, the RNA products of some genes are trans-spliced to a 22-nucleotide spliced leader (SL), while the RNA products of other genes are not. In Caenorhabditis elegans, there are two SLs, Sl1 and SL2, donated by two distinct small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles in a process functionally quite similar to nuclear intron removal. The authors demonstrate here that it is possible to convert a non-trans-spliced gene into a trans-spliced gene by placement of an intron missing only the 5[prime] splice site into the 5[prime] untranslated region. Stable transgenic strains were isolated expressing a gene in which 69 nucleotides of amore » vit-5 intron, including the 3[prime] splice site, were inserted into the 5[prime] untranslated region of a vit-2/vit-6 fusion gene. The RNA product of this gene was examined by primer extension and PCR amplification. Although the vit-2/vit-6 transgene product is not normally trans-spliced, the majority of transcripts from this altered gene were trans-spliced to SL1. They termed the region of a trans-spliced mRNA precursor between the 5[prime] end and the first 3[prime] splice site an 'outrun'. The results suggest that if a transcript begins with intronlike sequence followed by a 3[prime] splice site, this alone may constitute an outrun and be sufficient to demarcate a transcript as a trans-splice acceptor. These findings leave open the possibility that specific sequences are required to increase the efficiency of trans-splicing.« less

Preparation and characterization of cyanocobalamin (vit B12) microemulsion properties and structure for topical and transdermal application.

PubMed

Salimi, Anayatollah; Sharif Makhmal Zadeh, Behzad; Moghimipour, Eskandar

2013-07-01

The objective of this study was to design a topical microemulsion of Vit B12 and to study the correlation between internal structure and physicochemical properties of the microemulsions. Microemulsions are thermodynamically stable mixtures of water, oil, surfactants and usually cosurfactants with several advantages for topical and transdermal drug delivery. The formulation of microemulsions for pharmaceutical use requires a clear understanding of the properties and microstructures of the microemulsions. In this study, phase behavior and microstructure of traditional and novel microemulsions of Vit B12 have been investigated by Small-angle X-ray (SAXS), differential scanning calorimetery (DSC) and measuring density, particle size, conductivity and surface tension. WO and bicontinuous microemulsion with different microstructures were found in novel and traditional formulations. In this study, amount of water, surfactant concentration, oil/ surfactant ratio and physicochemical properties of cosurfactants influenced the microstructures. In both formulations, water behavior was affected by the concentration of the surfactant. Water Solubilization capacity and enthalpy of exothermic peak of interfacial and free water of traditional formulations were more than novel ones. This means that the affinity of water to interfacial film is dependent on the surfactant properties.   This study showed that both microemulsions provided good solubility of Vit B12 with a wide range of internal structure. Low water solubilization capacity is a common property of microemulsions that can affect drug release and permeability through the skin.  Based on Vit B12 properties, specially, intermediate oil and water solubility, better drug partitioning into the skin may be obtained by traditional formulations with wide range of structure and high amount of free and bounded water.    

Cytostatica efficiency enhancement by vitamins C, E and β-carotene under irradiation. State of the art

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Getoff, Nikola

2001-01-01

A review is presented on the enhancement of MMC (mitomycin C) efficiency by the vitamins C, E and β-carotene using E. coil bacteria (AB 1157) and leukemia cells (HL 60) as a model for experiments in vitro. New and previously published spectroscopic and kinetic data of transients obtained by pulse radiolysis of MMC and the above mentioned vitamins were also discussed. Based on all these results a possible cascade electron transfer process from vit. C→ vit. E→ β-car.→MMC or oxidants in the living cells is presented. By vit. C deficiency a cell mutation might occur, possibly leading to appearance of cancer. The presented radiation chemical and radiation biological characteristic data are of importance as a basis for the development of an improved chemo-radiation therapy of cancer.

Reflectance and optical constants for Cer-Vit from 250 to 1050 A

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Osantowski, J. F.

1974-01-01

The reflectance for a bowl-feed polished Cer-Vit sample was measured at nine wavelengths and five angles of incidence from 15 to 85 deg. Optical constants were derived by the reflectance-vs-angle-of-incidence method and compared to previously reported values for ultralow-expansion fused silica and several other glasses. Surface-roughness corrections of the reflectance data and optical constants are discussed.

Effect of vitamin E on reversibility of renal function following discontinuation of colistin in rats: Histological and biochemical investigations.

PubMed

Ghlissi, Zohra; Hakim, Ahmed; Mnif, Hela; Kallel, Rim; Zeghal, Khaled; Boudawara, Tahiya; Sahnoun, Zouheir

2018-01-01

This study was carried out to evaluate spontaneous renal regeneration after stopping colistin methanesulfonate (CMS), which induces tubular damage, and the curative effect of Vitamin E (vit E) in rats. Animals were given the following: sterile saline (n = 6), 300,000 IU/kg/ day of CMS (n = 24), or 450,000 IU/kg/day of CMS (n = 24) for seven days. Each CMS group was subdivided into four subgroups (n = 6) and sacrificed as follows: (i) 12 h after stopping CMS, (ii) two weeks after stopping CMS, (iii) two weeks after stopping treatment with vit E, and (iv) two weeks after stopping treatment with olive oil. Subsequently, plasma creatinine (pCr), urine N-acetyl-b-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), renal tissue level of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GSH), and renal histology were tested. CMS-induced tubular damage increased the NAG and MDA levels and decreased the SOD and GSH activities. After two weeks of stopping CMS, there was no significant renal recovery. However, treatment with vit E improved tubular regeneration and reduced the biochemical impairments. Two weeks might not be long enough for significant spontaneous renal regeneration. Improvement of renal parameters by vit E could be explained by the reduction of oxidative stress damage.

Social structure and group dynamics of the Cao Vit gibbon (Nomascus nasutus) in Bangliang, Jingxi, China.

PubMed

Fan, Pengfei; Fei, Hanlan; Xiang, Zuofu; Zhang, Wen; Ma, Changyong; Huang, Tao

2010-01-01

The Cao Vit gibbon (Nomascus nasutus) was rediscovered in 2002 in Vietnam and then in 2006 in China. This is the only known population with about 110 individuals located along the China-Vietnam border. Little is known about it other than its population size and distribution. We describe the social structure and group dynamics of the Cao Vit gibbons in China based on 2 years of monitoring from 2007 to 2009. Four established study groups at this site consisted of 1 adult male, 2 adult females and 2-6 offspring. Two juveniles in 2 groups disappeared during the research. Four infants were born in 3 groups from November 2008 to February 2009. In 2 of the groups, both adult females had dependent infants. These observations suggest that Cao Vit gibbons live in polygynous groups, contrary to the usual monogamous group with only 1 adult female, but nevertheless similar to the social organization of both N. concolor and N. hainanus. We observed a coordinated dispersal of 1 adult male and 2 large juveniles, and the male formed a pair with a newly arrived female. Our observations support a growing awareness of variability in gibbon social organization. Copyright © 2010 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Effects of BSO, GSH, Vit-C and DMPS on the nephrotoxicity of mercury.

PubMed

Xu, Zhaofa; Yang, Jinghua; Yu, Jiaming; Yin, Zhongwei; Sun, Wei; Li, Jing

2007-08-01

To study the effects of BSO, GSH, Vit-C and DMPS on the nephrotoxicity of mercury. The rats in groups 1, 2 and 3 were sc injected with 0.75, 1.5 and 2.5 mg/kg HgCl2, respectively. Fourth group rats were ip injected with 0.5 mmol/kg BSO and 4h later sc administrated with 0.75 mg/kg HgCl2. The rats in groups 5, 6 and 7 were ip injected with 3 mmol/kg GSH, 4 mmol/kg Vit-C, 200 micromol/kg DMPS, respectively, and 2 h later sc administrated with 2.5 mg/kg HgCl2. Eighth group rats were sc injected with saline as a control. Mercury concentrations in the liver, renal cortex and urine, urinary NAG, ALP, LDH activities, protein and BUN contents were determined. Urinary NAG, ALP activities, protein and BUN contents in the rats of BSO pretreatment group were significantly higher than that of 0.75 mg/kg HgCl2 alone group and control group. As compared with 2.5 mg/kg HgCl2 alone group, urinary NAG, ALP, LDH activities, urinary protein and BUN contents decreased significantly. BSO pretreatment could enhance the renal toxicity of mercury and GSH, Vit-C and DMPS pretreatment had antagonistic effects on nephrotoxicity of mercury.

AC Calorimetry and Thermophysical Properties of Bulk Glass-Forming Metallic Liquids

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Johnson, William L.

2000-01-01

Thermo-physical properties of two bulk metallic glass forming alloys, Ti34Zr11Cu47Ni8 (VIT 101) and Zr57Nb5Ni12.6Al10CU15.4 (VIT 106), were investigated in the stable and undercooled melt. Our investigation focused on measurements of the specific heat in the stable and undercooled liquid using the method of AC modulation calorimetry. The VIT 106 exhibited a maximum undercooling of 140 K in free radiative cooling. Specific heat measurements could be performed in stable melt down to an undercooling of 80 K. Analysis of the specific heat data indicate an anomaly near the equilibrium liquidus temperature. This anomaly is also observed in y the temperature dependencies of the external relaxation time, the specific volume, and the surface tension; it is tentatively attributed to a phase separation in the liquid state. The VIT 101 specimen exhibited a small undercooling of about 50 K. Specific heat measurements were performed in the stable and undercooled melt. These various results will be combined with ground based work such as the measurement of T-T-T curves in the electrostatic levitator and low temperature viscosity and specific heat measurements for modeling the nucleation kinetics of these alloys.

Minimum Information Dominating Set for Critical Sampling over Graphs

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-04-01

NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) University of...not have identical VOSPs under µWl and µ W l′ . We insert D(µWl , µ W l′ ) ∪ (∪ k′ t=1D(µ Vit jt |µWl , µ Vit j′ t |µWl′ )) in- to E for every jt, j′t

Interventional Vitamin C-A Strategy for Attenuation of Coagulopathy and Inflammation in Hemorrhagic Trauma and Shock

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-10-01

edema, protein leak and exuberant infiltration of inflammatory cells. Significant hemorrhage and cellular damage were also evident in liver and kidney ...Treatment with VitC also reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators in lungs, liver and kidneys . Preliminary lipidomic analysis showed that VitC at...Histological changes to lung, liver and kidney f. Proteomic analysis of plasma for identification of novel circulating proteins, and g. Lipidomic

Large local reactions to insect stings.

PubMed

Golden, David B K

2015-01-01

Large local reactions (LLRs) are IgE-mediated late-phase inflammatory reactions that can cause great morbidity but are associated with a relatively low risk of future anaphylaxis. Patients with LLR may benefit from consultation with an allergist to help clarify the relative risk, to plan the best treatment for future stings, and to determine whether or not to pursue testing or venom immunotherapy (VIT). The chance of anaphylaxis to future stings is <5%, so VIT is not generally recommended to people who have had LLR. Whether to prescribe an epinephrine injector is often determined by the frequency of exposure, the proximity to medical care, and the impact on quality of life. For people who have unavoidable exposure and need treatment almost every year for LLR, VIT can be recommended with confidence that it will significantly and safely reduce the severity of LLR to stings. Copyright © 2015 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Modeling of dispersion near roadways based on the vehicle-induced turbulence concept

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sahlodin, Ali M.; Sotudeh-Gharebagh, Rahmat; Zhu, Yifang

A mathematical model is developed for dispersion near roadways by incorporating vehicle-induced turbulence (VIT) into Gaussian dispersion modeling using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The model is based on the Gaussian plume equation in which roadway is regarded as a series of point sources. The Gaussian dispersion parameters are modified by simulation of the roadway using CFD in order to evaluate turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) as a measure of VIT. The model was evaluated against experimental carbon monoxide concentrations downwind of two major freeways reported in the literature. Good agreements were achieved between model results and the literature data. A significant difference was observed between the model results with and without considering VIT. The difference is rather high for data very close to the freeways. This model, after evaluation with additional data, may be used as a framework for predicting dispersion and deposition from any roadway for different traffic (vehicle type and speed) conditions.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Air Force Foundational Cyberspace Training

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-06-14

fileticket=zAcDCP6H2T4%3d&tabid=56&mid=415 (accessed 25 May 2012). VIT .1 Vita . U N I T E D S T A T E S A I R F O R C E MAJOR APRIL...as of May 2012) VIT .2 . U N I T E D S T A T E S A I R F O R C E MAJOR APRIL L. WIMMER ASSIGNMENTS 1. September 2000

Antioxidant effect of vitamin E and 5-aminosalicylic acid on acrylamide induced kidney injury in rats.

PubMed

Rajeh, Nisreen A; Al-Dhaheri, Najlaa M

2017-02-01

To explore renal toxicity caused by sub-acute exposure of acrylamide and to study the protective effect of 5-Aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and Vitamin E (vit-E)on Acrylamide (ACR) induced renal toxicity. Methods: This study was conducted at King Fahad Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, between August and November 2015. A total of 49 adult Wistar rats (250 ± 20g) aged 60 days were kept in a controlled environment and used in the present study. The rats were divided into 7 groups (control, ACR alone, ACR+5-ASA, ACR+vit-E, ACR+ASA+vit-E, vit-E alone, and ASA alone). After 5 days of ACR oral gavage treatment, the rats were observed for 24 hours then killed. Histopathology for the kidney and lactate dehydrogenase assay were carried out.  Results: Acrylamide produced significant pathological changes in the kidney with acute tubular necrosis in the distal tubules that could be reversed by concomitant injection of rat with 5-ASA. Together with vitamin E, 5-ASA, showed maximum renal protection. No statistically significant difference was observed in either body weights or lactate dehydrogenase activity of ACR treated rats.  Conclusion: Acrylamide exposure leads to adverse clinical pathologies of renal tubules, which were reversed by a concomitant treatment with 5-ASA and vitamin-E.

Nutritional rickets: vitamin D, calcium, and the genetic make-up.

PubMed

El Kholy, Mohamed; Elsedfy, Heba; Fernández-Cancio, Monica; Hamza, Rasha Tarif; Amr, Nermine Hussein; Ahmed, Alaa Youssef; Toaima, Nadin Nabil; Audí, Laura

2017-02-01

The prevalence of vitamin D (vitD) deficiency presenting as rickets is increasing worldwide. Insufficient sun exposure, vitD administration, and/or calcium intake are the main causes. However, vitD system-related genes may also have a role. Prospective study: 109 rachitic children completed a 6-mo study period or until rachitic manifestations disappeared. Thirty children were selected as controls. Clinical and biochemical data were evaluated at baseline in patients and controls and biochemistry re-evaluated at radiological healing. Therapy was stratified in three different protocols. Fifty-four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of five vitD system genes (VDR, CP2R1, CYP27B1, CYP24A1, and GC) were genotyped and their association with clinical and biochemcial data was analyzed. Therapy response was similar in terms of radiological healing although it was not so in terms of biochemical normalization. Only VDR gene (promoter, start-codon, and intronic genotypes) was rickets-associated in terms of serum 25-OH-D, calcium, radiological severity and time needed to heal. Eight patients with sufficient calcium intake and 25-OH-D levels carried a VDR genotype lacking minor allele homozygous genotypes at SNPs spread along the gene. Although patients presented epidemiologic factors strongly contributing to rickets, genetic modulation affecting predisposition, severity, and clinical course is exerted, at least in part, by VDR gene polymorphic variation.

The effect of intratympanic vitamin C administration on cisplatin-induced ototoxicity.

PubMed

Celebi, Saban; Gurdal, M Mustafa; Ozkul, M Haluk; Yasar, Husamettin; Balikci, H Huseyin

2013-03-01

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of intratympanic injection of vitamin C on cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. The study included 24 albino adult female rats (48 ears). The study animals were divided into four groups each of which was composed of six animals including a control (intraperitoneal cisplatin), a cisplatin-saline (saline intratympanic + intraperitoneal cisplatin), a C vit (intratympanic vitamin C) and a cisplatin-C vit group (intraperitoneal cisplatin + intratympanic vitamin C). As two animals had died due to cisplatin-induced ototoxicity (one in the control and one in the cisplatin-saline group) they were excluded from the study. The experiment was terminated, performing distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) measurement prior to procedures and at the end of the experiment. The results of the statistical analysis were evaluated. In the cisplatin-C vit group, there were no significant decreases in DPOAE amplitudes at 2 kHz (p > 0.05). Although a decrease was observed in DPOAE amplitudes at 2.8, 4, 6, and 8 kHz frequencies, these amplitude reductions were significantly lower than the control group (p < 0.05). Intratympanic vit C infusion provided a protective effect against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity primarily at 2 kHz and at other frequencies (2.8, 4, 6, and 8 kHz), and it did not produce a toxic effect in the cochlea.

Field dependence of interface-trap buildup in polysilicon and metal gate MOS devices

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shaneyfelt, M. R.; Schwank, J. R.; Fleetwood, D. M.; Winokur, P. S.; Hughes, K. L.

1990-12-01

The electric field dependence of radiation-induced oxide- and interface-trap charge (Delta Vot and Delta Vit) generation for polysilicon- and metal-gate MOS transistors is investigated at electric fields (Eox) from -4.2 MV/cm to +4.7 MV/cm. If electron-hole recombination effects are taken into account, the absolute value of Delta Vot and the saturated value of Delta Vit for both polysilicon- and metal-gate transistors are shown to follow an approximate E exp -1/2 field dependence for Eox = 0.4 MV/cm or greater. An E exp -1/2 dependence for the saturated value of Delta Vit was also observed for negative-bias irradiation followed by a constant positive-bias anneal. The E exp -1/2 field dependence observed suggests that the total number of interface traps created in these devices may be determined by hole trapping near the Si/SiO2 interface for positive-bias irradiation or near the gate/SiO2 interface for negative bias irradiation, though H+ drift remains the likely rate-limiting step in the process. Based on these results, a hole-trapping/hydrogen transport model-involving hole trapping and subsequent near-interfacial H+ release, transport, and reaction at the interface-is proposed as a possible explanation of Delta Vit buildup in these polysilicon- and metal-gate transistors.

Vitamin D supplementation protects against bone loss associated with chronic alcohol administration in female mice.

PubMed

Mercer, Kelly E; Wynne, Rebecca A; Lazarenko, Oxana P; Lumpkin, Charles K; Hogue, William R; Suva, Larry J; Chen, Jin-Ran; Mason, Andrew Z; Badger, Thomas M; Ronis, Martin J J

2012-11-01

Chronic alcohol abuse results in decreased bone mineral density (BMD), which can lead to increased fracture risk. In contrast, low levels of alcohol have been associated with increased BMD in epidemiological studies. Alcohol's toxic skeletal effects have been suggested to involve impaired vitamin D/calcium homeostasis. Therefore, dietary vitamin D supplementation may be beneficial in reducing bone loss associated with chronic alcohol consumption. Six-week-old female C57BL/6J mice were pair-fed ethanol (EtOH)-containing liquid diets (10 or 36% total calories) for 78 days. EtOH exposure at 10% calories had no effects on any measured bone or serum parameter. EtOH consumption at 36% of calories reduced BMD and bone strength (P<0.05), decreased osteoblastogenesis, increased osteoclastogenesis, suppressed 1,25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] serum concentrations (P<0.05), and increased apoptosis in bone cells compared with pair-fed controls. In a second study, female mice were pair-fed 30% EtOH diets with or without dietary supplementation with vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol; VitD) for 40 days. VitD supplementation in the EtOH diet protected against cortical bone loss, normalized alcohol-induced hypocalcaemia, and suppressed EtOH-induced expression of receptor of nuclear factor-κB ligand mRNA in bone. In vitro, pretreatment of 1,25(OH)2D3 in osteoblastic cells inhibited EtOH-induced apoptosis. In EtOH/VitD mice circulating 1,25(OH)2D3 was lower compared with mice receiving EtOH alone (P<0.05), suggesting increased sensitivity to feedback control of VitD metabolism in the kidney. These findings suggest dietary VitD supplementation may prevent skeletal toxicity in chronic drinkers by normalizing calcium homeostasis, preventing apoptosis, and suppressing EtOH-induced increases in bone resorption.

The association between the Index of Nutritional Quality (INQ) and breast cancer and the evaluation of nutrient intake of breast cancer patients: A case-control study.

PubMed

Vahid, Farhad; Hatami, Mahshid; Sadeghi, Mahya; Ameri, Fatemeh; Faghfoori, Zeinab; Davoodi, Sayed Hossein

2018-01-01

Breast cancer (BrCa) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among females and second cancer after lung cancer in many societies. In Iran, the risk for BrCa is 1 in 35 and each year, 8000 new patients have been diagnosed with BrCa. Studies have shown that dietary components are implicated in the etiology of BrCa. The Index of Nutritional Quality (INQ) is a method of quantitative and qualitative analysis of single foods, meals, and diets. The aim of this study was to determine the usefulness of INQs in predicting BrCa risk. Our case-control study was conducted from March 2015 to February 2016. The study included 145 cases and 148 controls who attended the Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Cancer Research Center. INQ scores were computed based on dietary intake using a validated 168-item food frequency questionnaire. Logistic regression models were used to estimate multivariable odds ratios adjusted body mass index, education, employment, marital status, menarche age, childbirth number, smoking, menopause status, and physical activity. Vitamins A, C, B 1 , B 2 , and B 12 and selenium INQs as a continuous variable in relation to risk for BrCa showed a significant association after multivariate adjustment (odds ratio [OR] vitA , 0.41 [0.27-0.64]; OR vitC , 0.30 [0.20-0.47]; OR vitB1 , 0.08 [0.04-0.17]; OR vitB2 , 0.19 [0.11-0.34]; OR vitB12 , 0.44 [0.31-0.61]; and OR selenium , 0.42 [0.26-0.67]). Women who consumed a healthier diet including vitamin A, β-carotene, vitamin C, and folate and low-fat milk were at decreased risk for developing BrCa compared with those whose diet included more high fat and lamb meat. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

A comparison of the effects of Portulaca oleracea seeds hydro-alcoholic extract and Vitamin C on biochemical, hemodynamic and functional parameters in cardiac tissue of rats with subclinical hyperthyroidism.

PubMed

Khodadadi, Hadi; Pakdel, Roghayeh; Khazaei, Majid; Niazmand, Said; Bavarsad, Kowsar; Hadjzadeh, Mousa Al-Reza

2018-01-01

The present study was performed to evaluate the effects of hydro-alcoholic extract of Portulaca oleracea ( P. oleracea ) seeds and Vitamin C on biochemical and hemodynamic parameters in cardiac tissue of rats with subclinical hyperthyroidism. Forty eight male rats were divided into six groups of 8 and treated for 4 weeks. T4 group received daily injection of levothyroxine sodium (20 μg/kg) and control group was given daily injection of saline. T4-Po groups were given T4 plus 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of P. oleracea seeds extract in drinking water daily. T4-Vit C group received T4 plus daily injection of Vitamin C (100 mg/kg). At the end of the experiment, body weight, serum free T4 level, left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), malondialdehyde (MDA) and total thiol levels were measured. Free T4 levels were increased in all groups that were treated with T4. Weight gain was decreased in T4 and T4-Po100 groups compared to control group (p<0.001 and p<0.05). However, body weight was increased in T4-Po (200 and 400) and T4-Vit C groups compared to T4 group. LVDP was increased in T4 group compared to control group but, LVDP was decreased in T4-Po and T4-Vit C groups. Malondialdehyde was decreased in T4-Po groups and T4-Vit C group compared to T4 group. Total thiol groups were increased in T4-Po (200 and 400) and T4-Vit C groups compared to T4 group. The results showed that P. oleracea extract has a protective effect on cardiac dysfunction due to subclinical hyperthyroidism induced by levothyroxine sodium in rats.

A 'difficult' insect allergy patient: reliable history of a sting, but all testing negative.

PubMed

Tracy, James M; Olsen, Jonathan A; Carlson, John

2015-08-01

Few conditions are as treatable as allergy to stinging insects, with venom immunotherapy (VIT) providing up to 98% protection to subsequent stings. The challenge with VIT is not in the treatment, but in the diagnosis. To offer VIT, one must determine a history of a systemic reaction to a stinging insect in conjunction with the presence venom-specific IgE. Current diagnostic methods, although sensitive and specific, are imperfect, and some newer testing options are not widely available. A conundrum occasionally faced is the patient with a reliable and compelling history of a systemic allergic reaction yet negative venom-specific testing. This diagnostic dilemma presents an opportunity to consider possible causes for this diagnostic challenge. Our evolving understanding of the role of occult mast cell disease may begin to help us understand this situation and develop appropriate management strategies. Venom-specific skin testing has long been the cornerstone of the evaluation of venom sensitivity and is often combined with in-vitro assays to add clarity, but even these occasionally may fall short. Exploring novel venom diagnostic testing methods may help to fill in some of the diagnostic gaps. Do currently available venom vaccines contain all the key venom species? Are there enough differences between insect species that we may simply be missing the relevant allergens? What is the significance of the antigenicity of carbohydrate moieties in venoms? What is the role of recombinant venom extracts? VIT is the definitive treatment for insect allergic individuals. To utilize VIT, identification of the relevant Hymenoptera is necessary. Unfortunately, this cannot always be accomplished. This deficiency can have several causes: a potential comorbid condition such as occult mast cell disease, limitations of currently available diagnostic resources, or testing vaccines with an insufficient coverage of relevant venom allergens. Exploring these potential causes may help to provide important insight into this important diagnostic conundrum. The use of a case report may help clarify this challenge.

Potential Cardiovascular and Renal Protective Effects of Vitamin D and Coenzyme Q10 in l-NAME-Induced Hypertensive Rats.

PubMed

Shamardl, Hanan A; El-Ashmony, Sahar M; Kamel, Hala F; Fatani, Sameer H

2017-08-01

Hypertension is one of the primary modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Adequate vitamin D (vit D) levels have been shown to reduce vascular smooth muscle contraction and to increase arterial compliance, which may be beneficial in hypertension. Further, coenzyme Q10 (COQ10) through its action to lower oxidative stress has been reported to have beneficial effects on hypertension and heart failure. This study examined the possible cardiac and renal protective effects of vit D and COQ10 both separately and in combination with an angiotensin II receptor blocker, valsartan (vals) in l-NAME hypertensive rats. Hypertension was induced in rats by l-NAME administration. Following induction of hypertension, the rats were assigned into the following 6 subgroups: an l-NAME alone group and treated groups receiving the following drugs intraperitoneally for 6 weeks; vals, vit D, COQ10 and combination of vals with either vit D or COQ10. A group of normotensive rats were used as negative controls. At the end of the treatment period, blood pressure, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, lipids and serum, cardiac and renal parameters of oxidative stress were measured. Compared to the l-NAME only group, all treatments lowered systolic, diastolic, mean arterial pressure, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and creatinine levels as well as TNF-α and malondialdehyde. Further, the agents increased serum, cardiac and renal total antioxidant capacity. Interestingly, the combination of agents had further effects on all the parameters compared to treatment with each single agent. The study suggests that the additive protective effects of vit D and COQ10 when used alone or concurrent with vals treatment in hypertensive rats may be due to their effects as antioxidants, anticytokines and blood pressure conservers. Copyright © 2017 Southern Society for Clinical Investigation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Comprehensive Safety Monitoring of 12-Month Daily 7000-IU Vitamin D3 Supplementation in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Children and Young Adults.

PubMed

Schall, Joan I; Hediger, Mary L; Zemel, Babette S; Rutstein, Richard M; Stallings, Virginia A

2016-09-01

There is uncertainty whether long-term daily dosing with vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) supplementation (vitD3) above the 4000-IU/d dietary reference intake upper tolerable limit in children and adults is safe. As part of a randomized placebo-controlled trial, we determined if supplementation with 7000-IU/d vitD3 for 12 months in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-Infected subjects was safe and/or associated with metabolic outcomes. A total of 58 HIV-infected subjects-aged 9-24.9 years and stratified by mode of HIV acquisition (perinatal or behavioral)-were recruited, randomized to 7000-IU/d vitD3 or placebo, and followed at 3, 6, and 12 months with physical examinations, blood and urine sampling for measures of 25(OH)D (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D), metabolic status, safety measures, and HIV immune status. Safety was defined by a low incidence (<5%) of the study-defined serious adverse events-that is, elevated serum calcium plus 25(OH)D >160 ng/mL-and no changes in hematologic, liver, renal, metabolic, lipid, or inflammatory status. Randomization groups did not differ in demographic characteristics, vitamin D status, or HIV disease status at baseline. Over the 12 months, serum 25(OH)D increased with supplementation. No subject experienced a serious adverse safety event; none had 25(OH)D >80 ng/mL at any time. There were no clinically significant changes in hematologic, liver, renal, metabolic, lipid, or inflammatory status. Safety of daily 7000-IU vitD3 supplementation in children and young adults with HIV was comprehensively monitored over 12 months. High-dose daily vitD3 supplementation was efficacious in improving vitamin D status, and there were no safety events. © 2015 American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition.

Seafloor Environments North St. Croix Margin and Virgin Islands Trough. Part 1. Introduction. Part 2. Geology and Geophysics. Part 3. Geotechnical Investigations. Part 4. Engineering Significance,

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-12-01

Visual observations indi- cate that rock outcrops are generally infrequent. Pelagic deposition, dovnslope creep, slumping, and tur- bidity currents are...investigation. represents * major improvement in the current knowledge of the seafloor environment in the VIT region. In particular, it is the first...the VIT to supplement long-range planning of Navy ac- tivities in this area. This investigation represents a major improvement in the current knowledge

Compressibility of one glass and two glass ceramics to 4 GPa

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sigalas, I.; Auret, J. G.; Hart, S.

1986-05-01

By monitoring the piston dispacement, up to 4 GPa, in a static high pressure piston-cylinder apparatus the volume compression of Duran 50 glass, Macor machinable glass ceramic and CER-VIT C101 glass ceramic was determined. It was established that the compressibility of Duran 50 increases with pressure up to 4 GPa. The values obtained for CER-VIT C101 indicate that, at about 0.8 GPa, the structure of this material transforms to low quartz.

Effect of thermal cycling. Final report, April 1985-January 1987

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jacobs, S.F.

The objective of this effort is to evaluate the stability of low expansion Zerodur, developmental Zerodur, ULE, and Cer-Vit as possible substrate materials for high energy laser mirrors. This effort will determine whether there is instability in developmental Zerodur, ULE and Cer-Vit over operating temperatures and coating temperatures (300-475K). Zerodur has already been shown to exhibit instability. Thermal cycling will be investigated as a possible approach to eliminate or reduce hysteresis. The effect of polishing on hysteresis will also be investigated.

Effect of thermal cycling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jacobs, Stephen F.

1988-05-01

The objective of this effort is to evaluate the stability of low expansion Zerodur, developmental Zerodur, ULE, and Cer-Vit as possible substrate materials for high energy laser mirrors. This effort will determine whether there is instability in developmental Zerodur, ULE and Cer-Vit over operating temperatures and coating temperatures (300 to 475 K). Zerodur has already been shown to exhibit instability. Thermal cycling will be investigated as a possible approach to eliminate or reduce hysteresis. The effect of polishing on hysteresis will also be investigated.

Increased Circulating Levels of Vitamin D Binding Protein in MS Patients

PubMed Central

Rinaldi, Arturo Ottavio; Sanseverino, Isabella; Purificato, Cristina; Cortese, Antonio; Mechelli, Rosella; Francisci, Silvia; Salvetti, Marco; Millefiorini, Enrico; Gessani, Sandra; Gauzzi, Maria Cristina

2015-01-01

Vitamin D (vitD) low status is currently considered a main environmental factor in multiple sclerosis (MS) etiology and pathogenesis. VitD and its metabolites are highly hydrophobic and circulate mostly bound to the vitamin D binding protein (DBP) and with lower affinity to albumin, while less than 1% are in a free form. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the circulating levels of either of the two vitD plasma carriers and/or their relationship are altered in MS. We measured DBP and albumin plasma levels in 28 MS patients and 24 healthy controls. MS patients were found to have higher DBP levels than healthy subjects. Concomitant interferon beta therapy did not influence DBP concentration, and the difference with the control group was significant in both females and males. No significant correlation between DBP and albumin levels was observed either in healthy controls or in patients. These observations suggest the involvement of DBP in the patho-physiology of MS. PMID:25590278

[Effects of flunarizine and vitamin C on hemodynamics in rat heart subjected to ischemia-reperfusion].

PubMed

Xian, Y; Lan, T; Wang, Y

1998-09-01

Langendorff perfusion isolated rat heart was subjected to total global ischemia (coronary flow rate is equal to zero) for 10 minutes and reperfusion for 15 minutes. The heart rate (HR), left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), coronary flow rate (CFR), electrocardiogram (ECG) and the effects of calcium antagonist-flunarizine (FNZ) and/or oxygen free radical scavenger--vitamine C on the above parameters were observed. The results showed that FNZ dilated coronary vessel (P < 0.01) and had a slight negative chronotropic effect, but it had no effect on LVP. Vitamine C did not affect HR, LVP and CFR. The recovery of the product of HR and LVDP-Rate Pressure Product (RPP) in the FNZ + Vit. C group, Vit. C group and FNZ group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05) at ten minutes reperfusion. All the results suggest that FNZ and Vit. C may improve the recovery of heart function after reperfusion.

A combination of ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol or a combination of Mg and Zn are both able to reduce the adverse effects of lindane-poisoning on rat brain and liver.

PubMed

Hfaiedh, Najla; Murat, Jean-Claude; Elfeki, Abdelfettah

2012-10-01

The purpose of this study, carried out on male Wistar rats, was to evaluate the beneficial effects of supplementation with ascorbic acid (Vit C) and α-tocopherol (Vit E) or with Mg and Zn upon lindane-induced damages in liver and brain. Under our experimental conditions, lindane poisoning (5mg/kg body weight per day for 3 days) resulted in (1) an increased level of plasma glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides, (2) an increased activity of LDH, ALP, AST, ALT, (3) an oxidative stress in liver and brain as revealed by an increased level of lipids peroxidation (TBARS) and a decrease of glutathione-peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in liver and brain. In conclusion, both Vit C+E or Mg+Zn treatments display beneficial effects upon oxidative stress induced by lindane treatment in liver and brain. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Investigation of the effects of acrylamide applied during pregnancy on fetal brain development in rats and protective role of the vitamin E.

PubMed

Erdemli, M E; Turkoz, Y; Altinoz, E; Elibol, E; Dogan, Z

2016-12-01

A liberal amount of acrylamide (AA) is produced as a result of frying or baking foods in high temperatures, and individuals take certain amounts of AA everyday by consuming these food items. Pregnant women are also exposed to AA originating from food during pregnancy and their fetus are probably affected. The rats were divided into five different groups: control (C), corn oil (CO), vitamin E (Vit E), AA, and Vit E + AA, with eight pregnant rats in each group. On the 20th day of pregnancy, fetuses were removed and brain tissues of fetuses were examined for biochemical and histological changes. AA caused degeneration in neuron structures in fetal brain tissue and caused hemorrhagic damages; dramatically decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels; increased malondialdehyde, total oxidant capacity levels; and decreased reduced glutathione and total antioxidant capacity levels (p < 0.05). On the other hand, it was determined that the Vit E, a neuroprotectant and a powerful antioxidant, suppressed the effects of AA on fetal development and fetal brain tissue damage for the above-mentioned parameters (p < 0.05). It is recommended to consume food containing Vit E as a protection to minimize the toxic effects of food-oriented AA on fetus development due to the widespread nature of fast-food culture in today's life and the impossibility of protection from AA toxicity. © The Author(s) 2016.

Assessing Timing and Causes of Neonatal Lamb Losses in a Bighorn Sheep ( Ovis canadensis canadensis ) Herd via Use of Vaginal Implant Transmitters.

PubMed

Grigg, Jamin L; Wolfe, Lisa L; Fox, Karen A; Killion, Halcyon J; Jennings-Gaines, Jessica; Miller, Michael W; P Dreher, Brian

2017-07-01

We evaluated the use of vaginal implant transmitters (VITs) as a means of detecting, capturing, and radio collaring Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep ( Ovis canadensis canadensis) lambs to estimate survival and to facilitate carcass recovery to assess causes of mortality. We focused on one of several bighorn herds in Colorado, US, suffering from depressed recruitment that was not preceded by a classic all-age die-off. We captured, radio-collared, diagnosed pregnancy by ultrasound examination, and inserted VITs into 15 pregnant ewes from a herd residing near Granite, Colorado. We were subsequently able to collar a lamb from each of 13 VITs, and two additional lambs opportunistically from ewes without transmitters. As lambs died, we recovered and submitted carcasses for necropsy and laboratory assessment. All lambs captured and one additional lamb (carcass found opportunistically) were dead by about 130 d of age: 11 died of apparent pneumonia (all within 8-10 wk of age), one died from trauma after being kicked or trampled, one was killed by a mountain lion ( Puma concolor ), and three died of starvation likely caused by abandonment after capture. Pneumonic lambs had involvement of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae and leukotoxigenic Bibersteinia trehalosi . The use of VITs and lamb collars enabled us to efficiently identify pneumonia as the predominant cause of depressed lamb recruitment in this herd; however, we urge care in neonatal lamb handling to minimize abandonment.

Bypassing Iron Storage in Endodermal Vacuoles Rescues the Iron Mobilization Defect in the natural resistance associated-macrophage protein3natural resistance associated-macrophage protein4 Double Mutant1[OPEN

PubMed Central

Mary, Viviane; Schnell Ramos, Magali; Gillet, Cynthia; Socha, Amanda L.; Giraudat, Jérôme; Agorio, Astrid; Merlot, Sylvain; Clairet, Colin; Kim, Sun A.; Punshon, Tracy; Guerinot, Mary Lou; Thomine, Sébastien

2015-01-01

To improve seed iron (Fe) content and bioavailability, it is crucial to decipher the mechanisms that control Fe storage during seed development. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seeds, most Fe is concentrated in insoluble precipitates, with phytate in the vacuoles of cells surrounding the vasculature of the embryo. NATURAL RESISTANCE ASSOCIATED-MACROPHAGE PROTEIN3 (AtNRAMP3) and AtNRAMP4 function redundantly in Fe retrieval from vacuoles during germination. When germinated under Fe-deficient conditions, development of the nramp3nramp4 double mutant is arrested as a consequence of impaired Fe mobilization. To identify novel genes involved in seed Fe homeostasis, we screened an ethyl methanesulfonate-mutagenized population of nramp3nramp4 seedlings for mutations suppressing their phenotypes on low Fe. Here, we report that, among the suppressors, two independent mutations in the VACUOLAR IRON TRANSPORTER1 (AtVIT1) gene caused the suppressor phenotype. The AtVIT1 transporter is involved in Fe influx into vacuoles of endodermal and bundle sheath cells. This result establishes a functional link between Fe loading in vacuoles by AtVIT1 and its remobilization by AtNRAMP3 and AtNRAMP4. Moreover, analysis of subcellular Fe localization indicates that simultaneous disruption of AtVIT1, AtNRAMP3, and AtNRAMP4 limits Fe accumulation in vacuolar globoids. PMID:26232490

Interactions among dietary boron, molybdenum, and magnesium in the chick

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hunt, C.D.; Nielsen, F.H.

The authors have previously reported that dietary B affects plasma Mo concentrations in chicks fed inadequate levels of Mg and cholecalciferol (vit. D/sub 3/). Because of this finding, they studied the effect of dietary Mo and Mg on the signs of B deficiency in vit. D/sub 3/ deprived chicks. In a fully crossed, 2 x 2 x 2 factorially arranged experiment, day-old cockerel chicks (19 per group) were fed a ground corn-casein-corn oil based diet (containing 0.850 mg B, 0.319 mg Mo, and 125 IU vit. D/sub 3//kg) supplemented with B at 0 or 3 mg/kg, Mo at 0 ormore » 20 mg/kg, and Mg at 300 or 500 mg/kg. After four weeks, B deprivation depressed growth and elevated the plasma glucose and the brain wt/body wt ratio. Low dietary Mo elevated the heart wt/body wt ratio. An interaction between B and Mg affected hemoglobin and plasma alkaline phosphatase and an interaction between B and Mo affected the heart wt/body wt and liver wt/body wt ratios. Mg deficiency gave usual signs including depressed growth, plasma alkaline phosphatase, glucose, and spleen and liver wt/body wt ratios and elevated hematocrit and brain wt/body wt ratio. The findings suggest that physiological levels of Mg and Mo affect B metabolism. The effects of low dietary Mo on vit. D/sub 3/ and/or Mg-deficient chicks needs to be elucidated.« less

Individuality and stability in male songs of cao vit gibbons (Nomascus nasutus) with potential to monitor population dynamics.

PubMed

Feng, Jun-Juan; Cui, Liang-Wei; Ma, Chang-Yong; Fei, Han-Lan; Fan, Peng-Fei

2014-01-01

Vocal individuality and stability has been used to conduct population surveys, monitor population dynamics, and detect dispersal patterns in avian studies. To our knowledge, it has never been used in these kinds of studies among primates. The cao vit gibbon is a critically endangered species with only one small population living in a karst forest along China-Vietnam border. Due to the difficult karst terrain, an international border, long life history, and similarity in male morphology, detailed monitoring of population dynamics and dispersal patterns are not possible using traditional observation methods. In this paper, we test individuality and stability in male songs of cao vit gibbons. We then discuss the possibility of using vocal individuality for population surveys and monitoring population dynamics and dispersal patterns. Significant individuality of vocalization was detected in all 9 males, and the correct rate of individual identification yielded by discriminant function analysis using a subset of variables was satisfactory (>90%). Vocal stability over 2-6 years was also documented in 4 males. Several characters of cao vit gibbons allowed long-term population monitoring using vocal recordings in both China and Vietnam: 1) regular loud calls, 2) strong individuality and stability in male songs, 3) stable territories, and 4) long male tenure. During the course of this research, we also observed one male replacement (confirmed by vocal analysis). This time- and labor-saving method might be the most effective way to detect dispersal patterns in this transboundary population.

Dietary vitamin E in White Leghorn layer breeder hens: a strategy to combat aflatoxin B1-induced damage.

PubMed

Khan, Wajid Arshad; Khan, Muhammad Zargham; Khan, Ahrar; Hassan, Zahoor Ul; Rafique, Shahid; Saleemi, Muhammad Kashif; Ahad, Abdul

2014-01-01

Mycotoxins are unavoidable contaminants of animal and human feed and food respectively. This study was designed to investigate the protective activity of vitamin E (Vit E) in White Leghorn breeder hens and their progeny against aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-induced damage. The results indicated a significant decrease in egg production and quality in the groups exposed to dietary AFB1. A detectable amount of AFB1 residue appeared in the eggs during the first week of mycotoxin exposure at levels ≥ 2.5 mg kg(-1), which reached its peak (0.403 ± 0.04 ng/g [mean ± standard deviation]) during the second week of the experiment (in the group fed 10 mg kg(-1)). Feeding Vit E + AFB1 resulted in higher AFB1 residues (0.467 ± 0.03) when compared with the hens fed AFB1 alone. The resistance of red blood cells to oxidative damage was decreased, while embryonic mortalities and deformities were increased in the AFB1-fed groups. The protective effect of Vit E on these parameters was noted in the groups fed lower doses of AFB1. After the withdrawal of mycotoxin-contaminated feed, most of the parameters returned towards normal within 2 weeks, except AFB1 residues that were still detectable. From the findings of this study one can conclude that the addition of Vit E in the diet of hens provided only partial protection against AFB1-induced damage.

State of the Art and Future Directions for the Atomic Hydrogen Maser

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-12-01

5 x lo4 O C Materials such as Zerodur ,8 Cer-Vit,9 and ULElO are available that have comparable values of thermal coefficients1* but this is not...masers do not compete with cesium beam devices as a primary stan- dxrds. The advent of trapped atoms and ions cooled by laser interactions has led to...proceedings. 8 Zerodur is a trademark of Schott Glasswork, Inc. 9 Cer-Vit is a trademark of Owens-Illinois, Inc. W is a .trademark of Coming, Inc. E.M

Venom immunotherapy: an updated review.

PubMed

Antolín-Amérigo, Darío; Moreno Aguilar, Carmen; Vega, Arantza; Alvarez-Mon, Melchor

2014-07-01

Venom immunotherapy (VIT) is the most effective form of specific immunotherapy to date. Hitherto, several relevant queries remain unanswered, namely optimal doses, duration, and means of assessment. Important progress has been lately made in terms of diagnosis by means of component-resolved diagnosis. Moreover, basophil activation test results in patients with negative serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) and skin prick test confer this technique a promising future, although these outcomes shall be considered with caution. This review aims to unravel the important advances made on diagnosis, management, and prognosis and also focuses on several undetermined aspects of VIT.

The Response of Sediments and Dissolved Organic Matter to Rapid Rainfall in the Santa Maria da Vitoria Watershed, Espírito Santo, BR

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ward, N. D.; Firme de Almeida, L.; Dias, G.; Gould, R.; Tan, A.; Bianchi, T. S.; Krusche, A. V.; Keil, R. G.; Richey, J. E.

2015-12-01

The Santa Maria da Vitória River supplies over 30% of the water for the greater Vitória, Espírito Santo, BR metropolitan area, which has a population of roughly 1.6 million people. The availability of clean freshwater is severely limited during periods of heavy rainfall because water sanitation facilities are "clogged" by high sediment discharge. The headwaters of the Santa Maria da Vitória River are characterized by relatively pristine forested environments, transitioning into primarily agricultural and rural land uses, and finally reaching the large urban center of Vitória near its marine receiving waters. The discharge of suspended sediments and dissolved organic matter (DOM) was examined at a 3 hour frequency during heavy storm flows from October 2013 to May 2015 in the Santa Maria da Vitória River main channel and a small tributary, the Mangaraí River. Bulk isotopic analyses were used to determine potential sediment sources and whether specific landscape/land use features were functionalized during periods of high runoff. Likewise, time of flight mass spectrometry (GC-ToF-MS) was used to identify a broad suite of DOM compounds that responded positively with river discharge in an effort to determine the influence of land use on the delivery of dissolved components to the river. For example, the abundance of compounds related to specific agricultural settings increased during storm flow along with anthropogenic DOM sources such as plasticizer and pesticide-derived compounds. Suspended sediment concentrations increased by as much as 70 times during peak river discharge relative to base flow several days earlier with similar increases in particulate organic carbon and nitrogen observed. Results from this study and previous field measurements were integrated into a coupled hydrology-sediment transport model, DHSVM, as part of a dynamic information framework with the goal of predicting water/sediment discharge to inform management and policy sectors of the state of Espírito Santo.

Structural Relaxation of Vit4Amorphous Alloy by the Enthalpy Relaxation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

O'Reilly, James; Hammond, Vincent

2002-03-01

The structural relaxation of an amorphous alloy designated Vit4 has been investigated as a function of thermal history using differential scanning calorimetry. Results indicate that the width of the glass transition region is approximately 30 °C, which is broader than molecular or polymeric glasses but similar to inorganic glasses. The broad transition implies a large distribution of relaxation times, a low activation energy, or a combination of these effects. The Tool-Narayanaswamy model for structural relaxation has been used to analyze the change in fictive temperature that occurs for a series of cooling rates. The activation energy calculated from these data the is 187 kJ/mol, a value that is low compared to other glasses. Using optimization programs, the other relaxation parameters, the characteristic relaxation time, the non-linearity parameter, x, and the fractional exponent of distribution of relaxation times, b, were determined from the experimental specific heat curves. Although the parameters were in good agreement with values typical of other glassy materials, there appears to be less correlation between them than is observed in molecular and polymeric glasses. The results obtained in this study indicate that the structural relaxation of Vit 4 is similar to other glasses except for a low activation energy with high glass transition. This could be due to a low free volume or configurational entropy. The width of the glass transition could result from a large distribution of relaxation times or a low activation energy. The exponent of the distribution of relaxation times, b, is 0.45±0.1 and the non-linearity parameter, x =0.5±0.2. The structural relaxation of Vit 4 is dominated by a low activation energy which is related to the atomic jump motion of hard spheres. The DCp at Tg should be 11.7 J/mol. deg per bead according to Wunderlich’s rule. This means that the change in Cp at Tg in Vit4 can be accounted for by one bead although there are five metal components in the glass. More detailed comparisons with other glass formers will be presented.

Ameliorative effect of vitamin E to mouse dams and their pups following exposure of mothers to chlorpyrifos during gestation and lactation periods.

PubMed

Mansour, Sameeh Abdel-Kader; Gamet-Payrastre, Laurence

2016-07-01

Pesticides are omnipresent in environment, water, fruits, and vegetables and are considered as risk factors for human health. Consumers are mainly exposed to pesticides through diet, and the main question to be answered concerns the impact of such exposure on health. In this study, we developed a mouse model to mimic consumer exposure. During gestation and lactation periods, the experimental mouse dams (M) received one of the following treatments: (a) diet-free of pesticides; (b) diet enriched with chlorpyrifos (CPF; 44.0 μg kg(-1)); c) diet + oral vitamin E (vit. E; α-tocopherol; 200 mg/kg/mouse); and (d) diet enriched with CPF (44.0 μg/kg + oral vit. E (200 mg/kg/mouse). At weaning, pups (P) and dams were killed, and organs as well as blood samples were collected. Compared with control results, CPF induced alteration of measured parameters (e.g. organ weight, alkaline phosphatase, urea, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and cholinesterase) either in mouse dams or in their offspring. Also, CPF induced histological impairment in kidney, liver, and ovary. Administration of vit. E in conjunction with CPF clearly alleviated deviation of these parameters than those of control ones. In conclusion, a dietary exposure of mice during gestation and lactation to low dose of CPF led to significant changes in the mother but also in the weaned animals that have not been directly exposed to this pesticide. These biological and histological modifications could be reversed by an oral supplementation of vit. E. © The Author(s) 2014.

In vitro testing to diagnose venom allergy and monitor immunotherapy: a placebo-controlled, crossover trial.

PubMed

Brown, S G A; Haas, M A; Black, J A; Parameswaran, A; Woods, G M; Heddle, R J

2004-05-01

In people with a history of sting allergy, only prior reaction severity and older age are known to predict subsequent reaction risk. Furthermore, no diagnostic test other than a deliberate sting challenge has been found to identify people in whom venom immunotherapy (VIT) has been unsuccessful. We aimed to assess the utility of a number of in vitro tests to diagnose venom allergy and to monitor immunotherapy. During a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled crossover trial of Myrmecia pilosula ant VIT the following venom-specific tests were performed at enrolment, and at completion of treatment prior to a diagnostic sting challenge; leucocyte stimulation index (SI), IL-4 production, IgE RAST, histamine release test (HRT), leukotriene release test (LRT) and basophil activation test (BAT). Intradermal venom skin testing (VST) was also performed at trial entry. Only VST and HRT identified those at risk of sting anaphylaxis in the placebo group. Although IgE RAST, leucocyte SI and IL-4 production, LRT and BAT all correlated well with intradermal VSTs, they did not predict sting challenge outcome. After successful VIT, venom-induced leucocyte IL-4 production tended to fall, whereas IgE RAST increased and a natural decline in HRT reactivity was reversed. A confounding seasonal affect on laboratory results was suspected. The HRT warrants further assessment for diagnosis of venom allergy. Uninformative performance of the commercially available LRT and BAT tests may be due to pre-incubation with IL-3. None of the tests evaluated appear to be reliable markers of successful VIT.

Java project on periodontal diseases: effect of vitamin C/calcium threonate/citrus flavonoids supplementation on periodontal pathogens, CRP and HbA1c.

PubMed

Amaliya, Amaliya; Laine, Marja L; Loos, Bruno G; Van der Velden, Ubele

2015-12-01

To assess in a periodontally diseased rural population deprived from regular dental care and having poor dietary conditions, the effect of vitamin C/calcium threonate/citrus flavonoids (VitC/Ca/Fl) supplementation on subgingival microbiota and plasma levels of vitamin C, HbA1c and hsCRP. The study population consisted of 98 subjects who previously participated in a prospective study on the natural history of periodontitis. Participants were instructed to consume one tablet/day containing 200 mg Ester C(®) calcium ascorbate, 25 mg calcium threonate and 100 mg citrus flavonoids for 90 days. Following parameters were evaluated: prevalence/amount of seven traditional periodontal pathogens, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV); and plasma levels of vitamin C, HbA1c and hsCRP. After VitC/Ca/Fl supplementation, 100% of subjects showed normal plasma vitamin C values compared to 55% before. At baseline, 48% of subjects harboured Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, >97% the other periodontal pathogens and 73% EBV. Supplementation with VitC/Ca/F reduced the subgingival load of all studied bacteria (p-values: 0.014-0.0001) and EBV (p < 0.0001) substantially in all initially positive subjects. Plasma levels of HbA1c and hsCRP dropped in all subjects (p < 0.0001). This uncontrolled study suggested that supplemental VitC/Ca/Fl may be helpful in reducing subgingival numbers of periodontal pathogens and EBV, and promoting systemic health. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Do antioxidant vitamins ameliorate the beneficial effects of exercise training on insulin sensitivity?

PubMed

Lavie, Carl J; Milani, Jenna N

2011-01-01

Exercise training has numerous health benefits, and in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome, it can improve insulin sensitivity and glucose control. A recent publication suggests that antioxidant vitamins (C and E) block these effects on blood glucose. This investigation was undertaken to determine whether antioxidant vitamins ameliorate the beneficial effects of cardiac rehabilitation and exercise training (CRET) on insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). We assessed CHD risk factors, including clinical indices of glucose metabolism, and evaluated the effects of exercise training in 315 patients with CHD with diabetes mellitus and/or metabolic syndrome before and after a 3-month program of CRET. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on self-reported antioxidant vitamin (vitamins C and E) consumption. Both groups, 113 patients (36%) consuming vitamins (Vits group) and 202 patients (64%) who reported no vitamin use (no-Vits group) were statistically similar at baseline. Following CRET, patients improved exercise capacity (10%, P < .0001), fasting blood glucose (-7%, P < .0001), percent body fat (-3%, P = .0001), high-sensitive Creactive protein (-31%, P = .003), and various lipids and behavioral parameters, but there was no significant improvement in glycosylated hemoglobin following formal CRET. Both Vits group and no-Vits group achieved statistically similar improvements in fasting blood glucose, body fat, and other CHD risk factors. Commercially available antioxidant supplements (mean dose of 400 IU of vitamin E and 500 mg of vitamin C) do not ameliorate the health benefits of exercise training, including fasting blood glucose, in CHD patients

Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Cancer Patients: A Four-Arm Randomized Trial on the Effectiveness of Electroacupuncture

PubMed Central

Rostock, M.; Jaroslawski, K.; Guethlin, C.; Ludtke, R.; Schröder, S.; Bartsch, H. H.

2013-01-01

Purpose. Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common and dose-limiting side effect of cytostatic drugs. Since there are no proven therapeutic procedures against CIPN, we were interested to define the role of electroacupuncture (EA) from which preliminary data showed promising results. Methods. In a randomized trial with a group sequential adaptive design in patients with CIPN, we compared EA (LV3, SP9, GB41, GB34, LI4, LI11, SI3, and HT3; n = 14) with hydroelectric baths (HB, n = 14), vitamin B1/B6 capsules (300/300 mg daily; VitB, n = 15), and placebo capsules (n = 17). The statistical power in this trial was primarily calculated for proving EA only, so results of HB and VitB are pilot data. Results. CIPN complaints improved by 0.8 ± 1.2 (EA), 1.7 ± 1.7 (HB), 1.6 ± 2.0 (VitB), and 1.3 ± 1.3 points (placebo) on a 10-point numeric rating scale without significant difference between treatment groups or placebo. In addition no significant differences in sensory nerve conduction studies or quality of life (EORTC QLQ-C30) were found. Conclusions. The used EA concept, HB, and VitB were not superior to placebo. Since, contrary to our results, studies with different acupuncture concepts showed a positive effect on CIPN, the effect of acupuncture on CIPN remains unclear. Further randomized, placebo controlled studies seem necessary. This trial is registered with DRKS00004448. PMID:24066010

The place of Ruscus extract, hesperidin methyl chalcone, and vitamin C in the management of chronic venous disease.

PubMed

Jawien, Arkadiusz; Bouskela, Eliete; Allaert, François A; Nicolaïdes, Andrew N

2017-02-01

Despite continuous improvement in our knowledge and management of chronic venous disease (CVD), certain areas, such as the role of muscarinic receptors in the pathology and treatment of CVD, remain unexplored. The symposium "The place of Ruscus extract, hesperidin methyl chalcone, and vitamin C in the management of CVD", held at the Annual Meeting of the European Venous Forum on 7-9 July 2016 in London, presented an update on the pathophysiology of CVD and highlighted how the combination of Ruscus extract, hesperidin methyl chalcone, and vitamin C (Ruscus/HMC/VitC; Cyclo 3® Fort), may counteract the deleterious processes underlying CVD. The data presented during this symposium are reported here. The pathophysiology of CVD is driven by a complex process involving numerous factors, with the two key players being venous hypertension and the inflammatory response. The cascade of reactions induced by disturbed venous flow, inflammation, and tissue alterations results in the early appearance of symptoms and progressive development of clinical signs of disease. Previous studies have shown that Ruscus extract acts at three levels: on the veins, capillaries and lymphatics, and has anti-inflammatory properties. A series of recent experiments has shed new light on the mechanism of action of the combination of Ruscus/HMC/VitC. The efficacy of Ruscus/HMC/VitC in CVD is supported by clinical studies, while two meta-analyses have confirmed a significant decrease of several symptoms and ankle circumference in response to treatment with this agent, leading to the conclusion that Ruscus/HMC/VitC deserves a Grade A rating.

The angular distributions of ultraviolet spectral irradiance at different solar elevation angles under clear sky conditions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Yan; Hu, LiWen; Wang, Fang; Gao, YanYan; Zheng, Yang; Wang, Yu; Liu, Yang

2016-01-01

To investigate the angular distributions of UVA, UVB, and effective UV for erythema and vitamin D (vitD) synthesis, the UV spectral irradiances were measured at ten inclined angles (from 0° to 90°) and seven azimuths (from 0° to 180°) at solar elevation angle (SEA) that ranged from 18.8° to 80° in Shanghai (31.22° N, 121.55° E) under clear sky and the albedo of ground was 0.1. The results demonstrated that in the mean azimuths and with the back to the sun, the UVA, UVB, and erythemally and vitD-weighted irradiances increased with the inclined angles and an increase in SEA. When facing toward the sun at 0°-60° inclined angles, the UVA first increased and then decreased with an increase in SEA; at other inclined angles, the UVA increased with SEA. At 0°-40° inclined angles, the UVB and erythemally and vitD-weighted irradiances first increased and then decreased with an increase in SEA, and their maximums were achieved at SEA 68.7°; at other inclined angles, the above three irradiances increased with an increase in SEA. The maximum UVA, UVB, and erythemally and vitD-weighted irradiances were achieved at an 80° inclined angle at SEA 80° (the highest in our measurements); the cumulative exposure of the half day achieved the maximum at a 60° inclined angle, but not on the horizontal. This study provides support for the assessment of human skin sun exposure.

Is the risk of primary hyperparathyroidism increased in patients with untreated breast cancer?

PubMed

Belardi, V; Fiore, E; Giustarini, E; Muller, I; Sabatini, S; Rosellini, V; Seregni, E; Agresti, R; Marcocci, C; Vitti, P; Giani, C

2013-05-01

An increased frequency of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHP) has been reported in patients with treated breast cancer (BC). PHP has been found in about 7% of BC patients after surgery and radio-, chemio- or hormonal therapy. To evaluate the frequency of PHP in untreated BC patients. We evaluated 186 women with BC and 233 women with thyroid cancer (TC, no.=122) or benign thyroid diseases (BTD, no.=111). In all patients, serum calcium, albumin, PTH, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH vitD) were measured before any treatment. Serum calcium concentrations were significantly higher in BC than in TC and BTD groups (median values 9.5 mg/dl, 9.3 mg/dl and 9.3 mg/dl, respectively) but, according to a logistic regression model, calcium was not significantly different between the 3 groups when age was taken into account. In all patients, serum calcium was in the normal range, indicating that no case of overt PHP was present. Five patients (1 in BC, 2 in TC, and 2 in BDT groups) had serum calcium close to the upper limit of normal range, high PTH and low 25-OH vitD, indicating a possible PHP with hypercalcemia masked by concomitant 25-OH vitD deficiency. In untreated BC group, no patient had overt PHP and 1/186 (0.5%) presented a possible PHP masked by 25-OH vitD deficiency, a PHP frequency much lower than that observed in treated BC patients. These data suggest that the treatments of BC may be responsible for the increased frequency of PHP reported in previous studies.

Relationship between fresh-packaged spinach leaves exposed to continuous light or dark and bioactive contents: effects of cultivar, leaf size, and storage duration.

PubMed

Lester, Gene E; Makus, Donald J; Hodges, D Mark

2010-03-10

Current retail marketing conditions allow produce to receive artificial light 24 h per day during its displayed shelf life. Essential human-health vitamins [ascorbic acid (vit C), folate (vit B(9)), phylloquinone (vit K(1)), alpha-tocopherol (vit E), and the carotenoids lutein, violaxanthin, zeaxanthin, and beta-carotene (provit A)] also are essential for photosynthesis and are biosynthesized in plants by light conditions even under chilling temperatures. Spinach leaves, notably abundant in the aforementioned human-health compounds, were harvested from flat-leaf 'Lazio' and crinkle-leafed 'Samish' cultivars at peak whole-plant maturity as baby (top- and midcanopy) and larger (lower-canopy) leaves. Leaves were placed as a single layer in commercial, clear-polymer retail boxes and stored at 4 degrees C for up to 9 days under continuous light (26.9 micromol.m(2 ).s) or dark. Top-canopy, baby-leaf spinach generally had higher concentrations of all bioactive compounds, on a dry weight basis, with the exception of carotenoids, than bottom-canopy leaves. All leaves stored under continuous light generally had higher levels of all bioactive compounds, except beta-carotene and violaxanthin, and were more prone to wilting, especially the flat-leafed cultivar. All leaves stored under continuous darkness had declining or unchanged levels of the aforementioned bioactive compounds. Findings from this study revealed that spinach leaves exposed to simulated retail continuous light at 4 degrees C, in clear plastic containers, were overall more nutritionally dense (enriched) than leaves exposed to continuous darkness.

Impact of Western and Mediterranean Diets and Vitamin D on Muscle Fibers of Sedentary Rats

PubMed Central

Purrello, Francesco

2018-01-01

Background: The metabolic syndrome is associated with sarcopenia. Decreased serum levels of Vitamin D (VitD) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and their mutual relationship were also reported. We aimed to evaluate whether different dietary profiles, containing or not VitD, may exert different effects on muscle molecular morphology. Methods: Twenty-eight male rats were fed for 10 weeks in order to detect early defects induced by different dietary regimens: regular diet (R); regular diet with vitamin D supplementation (R-DS) and regular diet with vitamin D restriction (R-DR); high-fat butter-based diets (HFB-DS and HFB-DR) with 41% energy from fat; high-fat extra-virgin olive oil-based diets (HFEVO-DS and HFEVO-DR) with 41% energy from fat. IL-1β, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)1, Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1), and VitD-receptor (VDR) expressions were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Muscle fiber perimeter was measured by histology and morphometric analysis. Results: The muscle fibers of the HEVO-DS rats were hypertrophic, comparable to those of the R-DS rats. An inverse correlation existed between the dietary fat content and the perimeter of the muscle fibers (p < 0.01). In the HFB-DR rats, the muscle fibers appeared hypotrophic with an increase of IL-1β and a dramatic decrease of IGF-1 expression. Conclusions: High-fat western diet could impair muscle metabolism and lay the ground for subsequent muscle damage. VitD associated with a Mediterranean diet showed trophic action on the muscle fibers. PMID:29462978

Significance of serum levels of vitamin D and some related minerals in breast cancer patients

PubMed Central

Abdelgawad, Iman A; El-Mously, Rawya H; Saber, Magdy M; Mansour, Ossama A; Shouman, Samia A

2015-01-01

Vitamin D and calcium are involved in a wide range of proliferation, apoptosis and cell signaling activities in the body. Suboptimal concentrations may lead to cancer development. The role of phosphate in cancer metabolism is particularly relevant in breast cancer while, magnesium deficiency favors DNA mutations leading to carcinogenesis. Objectives: To determine serum levels of vitamin D, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and parathormone in female breast cancer patients and to assess their association with some prognostic factors in breast cancer. Design and methods: This study is done on 98 newly diagnosed female breast cancer patients and 49 age matched apparently healthy female volunteers as controls. Serum samples from all patients and controls were subjected to 25-OH Vit D, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and parathormone measurements. Results: In the breast cancer group, the median serum levels of 25-OH Vit D were 15 ng/ml, while it was 21 ng/ml in the control group. Levels of 25-OH Vit D and other tested minerals were significantly lower while calcium:magnesium (Ca:Mg) ratio, and calcium:phosphorus (Ca:P) ratio were significantly higher in the breast cancer group. Significant negative correlation was detected between phosphorus and calcium, ionized calcium , calcium magnesium ratio, and calcium phosphorus ratio. Conclusion: It is not only the deficient levels of Vit D and other related minerals, but the combination of the abnormal levels of all the studied parameters that might contribute to the development of cancer. Further studies with larger number of patient are needed. PMID:26097595

Topical calcitriol prior to photodynamic therapy enhances treatment efficacy in non-melanoma skin cancer mouse models.

PubMed

Rollakanti, Kishore; Anand, Sanjay; Maytin, Edward V

2015-03-02

Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) such as basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are the most common form of human cancer worldwide, and their incidence is increasing. Photodynamic therapy (PDT), mediated by topically applied aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and subsequent exposure to light (either a laser or a noncoherent source), is being increasingly used for the treatment of dermatological disorders, including BCC and SCC. However, therapeutic responses of NMSCs to ALA-PDT are currently not superior to standard therapies, although the latter have undesirable side effects including scarring. In this study, we report that preconditioning of skin tumors with calcitriol (active form of Vitamin D; Vit D) prior to ALA-PDT, significantly improves the treatment outcome. In BCC and UVB-induced SCC mouse models, we identified an increase in tumor-specific accumulation of ALA induced photosensitizer (protoporphyrin IX, PpIX) due to Vit D preconditioning, of up to 6-fold in vivo . In addition, increased expression of differentiation (145 fold, p < 0.02) and proliferation (42 fold, p < 0.005) markers were identified in BCC tumors, all leading to increased tumor destruction (18.3 fold, p < 0.03) with the combination approach, as compared to ALA-PDT alone. Histomorphological changes identified using hematoxylin and eosin staining, and results of TUNEL staining, together documented a beneficial effect of Vit D pretreatment upon tumor cell death. We conclude that this new combination approach with Vit D and ALA-PDT has great potential to achieve complete remission of NMSC tumors, with excellent cosmetic results and an overall beneficial impact upon patient care.

Topical calcitriol prior to photodynamic therapy enhances treatment efficacy in non-melanoma skin cancer mouse models

PubMed Central

Rollakanti, Kishore; Anand, Sanjay; Maytin, Edward V.

2015-01-01

Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) such as basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are the most common form of human cancer worldwide, and their incidence is increasing. Photodynamic therapy (PDT), mediated by topically applied aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and subsequent exposure to light (either a laser or a noncoherent source), is being increasingly used for the treatment of dermatological disorders, including BCC and SCC. However, therapeutic responses of NMSCs to ALA-PDT are currently not superior to standard therapies, although the latter have undesirable side effects including scarring. In this study, we report that preconditioning of skin tumors with calcitriol (active form of Vitamin D; Vit D) prior to ALA-PDT, significantly improves the treatment outcome. In BCC and UVB-induced SCC mouse models, we identified an increase in tumor-specific accumulation of ALA induced photosensitizer (protoporphyrin IX, PpIX) due to Vit D preconditioning, of up to 6-fold in vivo. In addition, increased expression of differentiation (145 fold, p < 0.02) and proliferation (42 fold, p < 0.005) markers were identified in BCC tumors, all leading to increased tumor destruction (18.3 fold, p < 0.03) with the combination approach, as compared to ALA-PDT alone. Histomorphological changes identified using hematoxylin and eosin staining, and results of TUNEL staining, together documented a beneficial effect of Vit D pretreatment upon tumor cell death. We conclude that this new combination approach with Vit D and ALA-PDT has great potential to achieve complete remission of NMSC tumors, with excellent cosmetic results and an overall beneficial impact upon patient care. PMID:25983370

Retinal ganglion cells survival in a glaucoma model by GDNF/Vit E PLGA microspheres prepared according to a novel microencapsulation procedure.

PubMed

Checa-Casalengua, Patricia; Jiang, Caihui; Bravo-Osuna, Irene; Tucker, Budd A; Molina-Martínez, Irene T; Young, Michael J; Herrero-Vanrell, Rocío

2011-11-30

The present experimental work describes the use of a novel protein encapsulation method to achieve protection of the biological factor during the microencapsulation procedure. With this aim, the protein is included in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres without any preliminary manipulation, in contrast to the traditional S/O/W (solid-in-oil-in-water) method where the bioactive substance is first dissolved and then freeze-dried in the presence of lyoprotectors. Furthermore, the presented technique involves the use of an oily additive, vitamin E (Vit E), useful from a technological point of view, by promoting additional protein protection and also from a pharmacological point of view, because of its antioxidant and antiproliferative properties. Application of this microencapsulation technique has been performed for GDNF (glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor) designed for the treatment of optic nerve degenerative diseases, such as glaucoma, the second leading cause of blindness in the western world. The protein was released in vitro in its bioactive form for more than three months, demonstrated by the survival of their potential target cells (photoreceptors and retinal ganglion cells (RGC)). Moreover, the intravitreal injection of GDNF/Vit E PLGA microspheres in an experimental animal model of glaucoma significantly increased RGC survival compared with GDNF, Vit E or blank microspheres (p<0.01). This effect was present for at least eleven weeks, which suggests that the formulation prepared may be clinically useful as a neuroprotective tool in the treatment of glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Vitamin E protects against the mitochondrial damage caused by cyclosporin A in LLC-PK1 cells

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Arriba, G. de; Seccion de Nefrologia del Hospital Universitario de Guadalajara; Departamento de Medicina de la Universidad de Alcala de Henares

Cyclosporin A (CsA) has nephrotoxic effects known to involve reactive oxygen species (ROS), since antioxidants prevent the kidney damage induced by this drug. Given that mitochondria are among the main sources of intracellular ROS, the aims of our study were to examine the mitochondrial effects of CsA in the porcine renal endothelial cell line LLC-PK1 and the influence of the antioxidant Vitamin E (Vit E). Following the treatment of LLC-PK1 cells with CsA, we assessed the mitochondrial synthesis of superoxide anion, permeability transition pore opening, mitochondrial membrane potential, cardiolipin peroxidation, cytochrome c release and cellular apoptosis, using flow cytometry andmore » confocal microscopy procedures. Similar experiments were done after Vit E preincubation of cells. CsA treatment increased superoxide anion in a dose-dependent way. CsA opened the permeability transition pores, caused Bax migration to mitochondria, and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and cardiolipin content. Also CsA released cytochrome c into cytosol and provoked cellular apoptosis. Vit E pretreatment inhibited the effects that CsA induced on mitochondrial structure and function in LLC-PK1 cells and avoided apoptosis. CsA modifies mitochondrial LLC-PK1 cell physiology with loss of negative electrochemical gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane and increased lipid peroxidation. These features are related to apoptosis and can explain the cellular damage that CsA induces. As Vit E inhibited these effects, our results suggest that they were mediated by an increase in ROS production by mitochondria.« less

Topical calcitriol prior to photodynamic therapy enhances treatment efficacy in non-melanoma skin cancer mouse models

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rollakanti, Kishore; Anand, Sanjay; Maytin, Edward V.

2015-03-01

Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) such as basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are the most common form of human cancer worldwide, and their incidence is increasing. Photodynamic therapy (PDT), mediated by topically applied aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and subsequent exposure to light (either a laser or a noncoherent source), is being increasingly used for the treatment of dermatological disorders, including BCC and SCC. However, therapeutic responses of NMSCs to ALA-PDT are currently not superior to standard therapies, although the latter have undesirable side effects including scarring. In this study, we report that preconditioning of skin tumors with calcitriol (active form of Vitamin D; Vit D) prior to ALA-PDT, significantly improves the treatment outcome. In BCC and UVB-induced SCC mouse models, we identified an increase in tumor-specific accumulation of ALA induced photosensitizer (protoporphyrin IX, PpIX) due to Vit D preconditioning, of up to 6- fold in vivo. In addition, increased expression of differentiation (145 fold, p < 0.02) and proliferation (42 fold, p <0.005) markers were identified in BCC tumors, all leading to increased tumor destruction (18.3 fold, p < 0.03) with the combination approach, as compared to ALA-PDT alone. Histomorphological changes identified using hematoxylin and eosin staining, and results of TUNEL staining, together documented a beneficial effect of Vit D pretreatment upon tumor cell death. We conclude that this new combination approach with Vit D and ALA-PDT has great potential to achieve complete remission of NMSC tumors, with excellent cosmetic results and an overall beneficial impact upon patient care.

Effects of grape pomace in growing lamb diets compared with vitamin E and grape seed extract on meat shelf life.

PubMed

Guerra-Rivas, C; Vieira, C; Rubio, B; Martínez, B; Gallardo, B; Mantecón, A R; Lavín, P; Manso, T

2016-06-01

The effect of dietary treatment (CTRL, control; VIT-E, 500 mg kg(-1) vitamin E; GSE, 50 mg grape seed extract kg(-1); GP-5, 5% dried red grape pomace kg(-1)) on shelf life of lamb meat was studied. After slaughter (27 kg LBW), m. longissimus thoracis et lumborum was sliced, packaged under modified atmosphere (80:20%/O2:CO2) and stored in retail conditions for 14 days. At each sampling day (0, 4, 7, 11, 14), microbiological, physico-chemical and sensory characteristics were analysed. Meat from VIT-E presented lower microbial counts than CTRL, GSE and GP-5, without differences between polyphenol treatments (GSE and GP-5) and CTRL. Vitamin E reduced meat discoloration and lipid oxidation (TBARS values) from day 7 with respect to the other treatments. Although not significant, an improvement in TBARS values of about 20% was observed for GSE and GP-5, compared with CTRL, from day 7 of storage. VIT-E dietary treatment was more effective in preventing sensory spoilage than the other treatments. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Low serum concentrations of vitamin B6 and iron are related to panic attack and hyperventilation attack.

PubMed

Mikawa, Yasuhito; Mizobuchi, Satoshi; Egi, Moritoki; Morita, Kiyoshi

2013-01-01

Patients undergoing a panic attack (PA) or a hyperventilation attack (HVA) are sometimes admitted to emergency departments (EDs). Reduced serotonin level is known as one of the causes of PA and HVA. Serotonin is synthesized from tryptophan. For the synthesis of serotonin, vitamin B6 (Vit B6) and iron play important roles as cofactors. To clarify the pathophysiology of PA and HVA, we investigated the serum levels of vitamins B2, B6, and B12 and iron in patients with PA or HVA attending an ED. We measured each parameter in 21 PA or HVA patients and compared the values with those from 20 volunteers. We found that both Vit B6 and iron levels were significantly lower in the PA/HVA group than in the volunteer group. There was no significant difference in the serum levels of vitamins B2 or B12. These results suggest that low serum concentrations of Vit B6 and iron are involved in PA and HVA. Further studies are needed to clarify the mechanisms involved in such differences.

History dependent crystallization of Zr41Ti14Cu12Ni10Be23 melts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schroers, Jan; Johnson, William L.

2000-07-01

The crystallization of Zr41Ti14Cu12Ni10Be23 (Vit 1) melts during constant heating is investigated. (Vit 1) melts are cooled with different rates into the amorphous state and the crystallization temperature upon subsequent heating is studied. In addition, Vit 1 melts are cooled using a constant rate to different temperatures and subsequently heated from this temperature with a constant rate. We investigate the influence of the temperature to which the melt was cooled on the crystallization temperature measured upon heating. In both cases the onset temperature of crystallization shows strong history dependence. This can be explained by an accumulating process during cooling and heating. An attempt is made to consider this process in a simple model by steady state nucleation and subsequent growth of the nuclei which results in different crystallization kinetics during cooling or heating. Calculations show qualitative agreement with the experimental results. However, calculated and experimental results differ quantitatively. This difference can be explained by a decomposition process leading to a nonsteady nucleation rate which continuously increases with decreasing temperature.

Insect Allergy.

PubMed

Lee, Hobart; Halverson, Sara; Mackey, Regina

2016-09-01

Insect bites and stings are common. Risk factors are mostly associated with environmental exposure. Most insect bites and stings result in mild, local, allergic reactions. Large local reactions and systemic reactions like anaphylaxis are possible. Common insects that bite or sting include mosquitoes, ticks, flies, fleas, biting midges, bees, and wasps. The diagnosis is made clinically. Identification of the insect should occur when possible. Management is usually supportive. For anaphylaxis, patients should be given epinephrine and transported to the emergency department for further evaluation. Venom immunotherapy (VIT) has several different protocols. VIT is highly effective in reducing systemic reactions and anaphylaxis. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Bearing-only Cooperative Localization: Simulation and Experimental Results

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-01-01

matrix Fi and Bi are the system jacobian with respect to state Xi and control ui, which are given below Fi = I3 + Ts ∂fi ∂Xi |Xi=Xi(k) =  1 0 − ViTs ...sinψ(k)0 1 ViTs cosψ(k) 0 0 1  , (8) Bi = Ts ∂fi ∂ui |ui=ui(k) Ts cosψk 0Ts sinψk 0 0 Ts  , (9) and Qi(k) = ( σ2vi 0 0 σ2ωi ) , where σvi and σωi

A vitamin E-coated polysulfone membrane reduces serum levels of inflammatory markers and resistance to erythropoietin-stimulating agents in hemodialysis patients: results of a randomized cross-over multicenter trial.

PubMed

Panichi, Vincenzo; Rosati, Alberto; Paoletti, Sabrina; Ferrandello, Paolo; Migliori, Massimiliano; Beati, Sara; Bernabini, Giada; Daini, Roberto; Casani, Aldo; Angelini, Daniela; Parrini, Manuela; Rossi, Arturo; Petrone, Isabella; Barsotti, Giuliano; Donadio, Carlo; Donati, Giaclì; Grazi, Giovanni; Manca Rizza, Giovanni; Garosi, Guido; Sansoni, Enrico; Braccagni, Beatrice; Sidoti, Antonino; Boracelli, Donella; Biagioli, Marina; Moriconi, Luigi; Finato, Viviana; Mannarino, Antonio; Grimaldi, Cristina; Pansa, Filomena; Imperiali, Patrizio; Mura, Carlo; Bianchi, Stefano; Bigazzi, Roberto

2011-01-01

Oxidative stress is prevalent in dialysis patients and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease and anemia. Vitamin E is a fat-soluble antioxidant that plays a central role in reducing lipid peroxidation and inhibiting the generation of reactive oxygen species. The aim of this cross-over randomized study was to compare the effects of a vitamin E-coated polysulfone (Vit E PS) membrane and a non-vitamin E-coated polysulfone (PS) membrane on inflammatory markers and resistance to erythropoietin-stimulating agents (ESAs). After a 1-month run-in period of standard bicarbonate dialysis with a synthetic membrane, 62 patients of both genders, and older than 18 years, dialysis vintage 48 ± 27 months, BMI 22 ± 3 (from 13 different dialysis units) were randomized (A-B or B-A) in a cross-over design to Vit E PS (treatment A) and to PS (treatment B) both for 6 months. C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations were determined by a sandwich enzyme immunoassay at baseline and every 2 months; red blood cell count, ESA dose and ESA resistance index (ERI) were assessed monthly. Hemoglobin (Hb) levels significantly increased in the Vit E PS group from 11.1 ± 0.6 g/dl at baseline to 11.5 ± 0.7 at 6 months (p < 0.001) and remained unchanged in the PS group. Although ESA dosage remained stable during the observation periods in both groups, ERI was significantly reduced in the Vit E PS group from 10.3 ± 2.2 IU-dl/kg/g Hb week at baseline to 9.2 ± 1.7 at 6 months (p < 0.001). No significant variation of ERI was observed in the PS group. A significant reduction in plasma CRP and IL-6 levels was observed in the Vit E PS group: CRP from 6.7 ± 4.8 to 4.8 ± 2.2 mg/l (p < 0.001) and IL-6 from 12.1 ± 1.4 to 7.5 ± 0.4 pg/ml (p < 0.05). In the PS group, CRP varied from 6.2 ± 4.0 to 6.4 ± 3.7, and IL-6 from 10.6 ± 2.1 to 9.6 ± 3.5 (p = n.s.). Treatment with Vit E PS membranes seems to lead to a reduction in ESA dosage in HD patients; in addition, a low chronic inflammatory response may contribute to a sparing effect on exogenous ESA requirements. Copyright © 2011 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Supplementation of Vitamin E Protects Chickens from Newcastle Disease Virus-Mediated Exacerbation of Intestinal Oxidative Stress and Tissue Damage.

PubMed

Rehman, Zaib Ur; Che, Luping; Ren, Shanhui; Liao, Ying; Qiu, Xusheng; Yu, Shengqing; Sun, Yingjie; Tan, Lei; Song, Cuiping; Liu, Weiwei; Ding, Zhuang; Munir, Muhammad; Nair, Venugopal; Meng, Chunchun; Ding, Chan

2018-06-27

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) causes a highly devastating and contagious disease in poultry, which is mainly attributed to extensive tissue damages in the digestive, respiratory and nervous systems. However, nature and dynamics of NDV-induced oxidative stresses in the intestine of chickens remain elusive. In this study, we examined the magnitude of intestinal oxidative stress and histopathological changes caused by the virulent NDV infection, and explored the protective roles of vitamin E (vit. E) in ameliorating these pathological changes. For these purposes, chickens were divided into four groups namely i) non supplemented and non-challenged (negative control, CON); ii) no supplementation of vit. E but challenged with ZJ1 (positive control, NS+CHA); iii) vit. E supplementation at the dose of 50 IU/day/Kg body weight and ZJ1 challenge (VE50+CHA); and 4) vit. E supplementation at the dose of 100 IU/day/Kg body weight and ZJ1 challenge (VE100+CHA). In all groups, we analyzed concentrations of glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and activity of glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) using biochemical methods. The virus loads were determined by quantitative RT-PCR and antibody titers by hemagglutination inhibition assays. We also examined the histopathological changes in the duodenal and jejunal mucosa at 3 and 5-day post infection (dpi) with NDV. A significant elevation in the NO level was observed in NDV challenged chickens compared to the CON chickens at 2 dpi. The MDA contents were significantly increased whereas GSH was significantly decreased in NDV-challenged chickens compared to control. Furthermore, activities of GST, CAT, SOD, as well as the TOAC were markedly decreased in challenged chickens in comparison with control. Virus copy numbers were higher in NDV infected NS+CHA group compared to other groups. Severe histopathological changes including inflammation, degeneration and broken villi were observed in the intestine of NDV challenged chickens. However, all these malfunctions of antioxidant system and pathological changes in the intestine were partially or completely reversed by the vit. E supplementation. Our results suggest that NDV infection causes oxidative stress and histopathological changes in the duodenum and jejunum of chickens, which can be partially or fully ameliorated by supplementation of vit. E. Additionally, these findings suggest that oxidative stress contributes to the intestinal damages in NDV infected chickens. These findings will help to understand the pathogenesis of NDV and further investigation of therapeutic agents for control of Newcastle disease. © 2018 The Author(s). Published by S. Karger AG, Basel.

[UV-induced DNA damage and protective effects of antioxidants on DNA damage in human lens epithelial cells studied with comet assay].

PubMed

Wu, Zhi-hong; Wang, Mian-rong; Yan, Qi-chang; Pu, Wei; Zhang, Jin-song

2006-11-01

To investigate the mechanism of UV-induced DNA damage and repair and the protective effects of antioxidants on DNA damage in human lens epithelial cells. Human lens epithelial cells were irradiated at UV-doses 0.0 (control group), 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0 mJ/cm(2) (treated group 1 - 4). The amounts of DNA single strand breaks (SSB) were measured with the alkaline comet assay (CA). The spontaneous repair of DNA SSB after exposure to UV at 10.0 mJ/cm(2) was also determined in human lens epithelial cells. Human lens epithelial cells were treated with different concentration of VitaminC (VitC), taurine, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) before and after ultraviolet radiation, the effects of antioxidants on DNA damage was examined with alkaline comet assay. The amount of DNA SSB in control group and treated groups 1 - 4 showed increased tendency, was dose-dependent to the dose of UV irradiation, the differences of DNA SSB in 5 group were significantly (P < 0.01). UV-induced DNA SSB at 10.0 mJ/cm(2) in human lens epithelial cells, the half repair time was 60 minutes. Human lens epithelial cells were treated with different concentrations of taurine, SOD and EGCG before ultraviolet radiation. The differences of DNA damage in control and various antioxidant treated groups was statistically significant (F = 6.591, 13.542, 4.626 in cells treated with taurine, SOD and EGCG, respectively, P < 0.01), the difference of VitC effect on DNA in control and treated group were not significantly (F = 1.451, P > 0.05). Human lens epithelial cells were treated with different concentration of VitC, taurine, SOD and EGCG after ultraviolet radiation. The differences of DNA damage between the control and treated group were statistically significant (F = 6.571, 4.810, 6.824, 9.182 in cells treated with VitC, taurine, SOD and EGCG, respectively, P < 0.01). The differences of protective effects on DNA damage in these four different kinds of antioxidants added before UV irradiation were statistically significant (P < 0.01). The differences of protective effects on DNA damage in these four different kinds of antioxidant added after UV irradiation were not significantly (P > 0.05). UV irradiation has a dose-dependent effect on the DNA SSB of lens epithelial cells. Exogenesis VitC, taurine, SOD, EGCG possess protective effective to UV-induced DNA damage. SOD is one of the most powerful antioxidants if added before the UV irradiation and followed by EGCG, taurine and VitC orderly. Four kinds of antioxidants show no apparently differences added after UV-irradiation. SOD and EGCG both are powerful antioxidants.

Influence of altitude on vitamin D and bone metabolism of lactating sheep and goats.

PubMed

Kohler, M; Leiber, F; Willems, H; Merbold, L; Liesegang, A

2013-11-01

This study investigated the influence of alpine grazing on vitamin D (vitD) and bone metabolism in sheep and goats. Two groups of five adult lactating East Friesian milk sheep and Saanen dairy goats were kept on pastures at 2,000 to 2,600 m a.s.l. (SA: sheep alpine; GA: goats alpine) and 400 m a.s.l. (SL: sheep lowland; GL: goats lowland). The animals were milked twice daily and the milk yield was measured. Blood, milk, skin, and forage samples were collected and the left metatarsi were measured with peripheral quantitative computed tomography. The relative humidity and air temperature were recorded and the ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation was measured with a solar meter at both research stations. In addition, animals from the alpine group were equipped with a global positioning system receiver. The UVB radiation was higher at the alpine station (P<0.05) compared to the lowland station. In contrast, both the relative humidity and the air temperature were higher at the lowland station (P<0.04). The group GA produced more milk than GL (P<0.043). No differences in milk production between SA and SL were detected. Only minor differences between the alpine and lowland species groups were found in the total 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D serum concentration and in the 25(OH)D milk concentration. 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 concentration in serum was higher in sheep compared to goats and the 25(OH)D3 concentration in serum increased in all four groups but was higher in the alpine groups during the experiment. In addition, no differences in 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) concentrations in the skin at high altitude and lowland groups were detectable. However the 7-DHC concentrations in the skin of sheep were less than a tenth of the concentrations in the skin of goats and were nearly not detectable. In both groups SA and SL bone strength index increased during the trial (P=0.043). Bone strength index was lower in GA compared to GL at wk 12 (P=0.047). Mean serum Ca concentrations were higher and P concentrations were lower in the alpine groups than in the lowland groups (P=0.047). In both groups SA and GA the distance travelled increased during the trial. In conclusion, no effect of altitude on vitD status, vitD milk concentration and bone strength could be detected. Both sheep and goats are able to produce vitD in the skin, but sheep depend more on vitD intake with feedstuff, whereas goats rely more on cutaneous vitD production.

Antenatal Vitamin D Preserves Placental Vascular and Fetal Growth in Experimental Chorioamnionitis Due to Intra-amniotic Endotoxin Exposure.

PubMed

Cookson, Michael W; Ryan, Sharon L; Seedorf, Gregory J; Dodson, R Blair; Abman, Steve H; Mandell, Erica W

2018-05-01

 Chorioamnionitis (CA) is associated with a high risk for the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) after preterm birth, but mechanisms that increase susceptibility for BPD and strategies to prevent BPD are uncertain. As a model of CA, antenatal intra-amniotic (IA) endotoxin (ETX) exposure alters placental structure, causes fetal growth restriction, increases perinatal mortality, and causes sustained cardiorespiratory abnormalities throughout infancy. Vitamin D (Vit D) has been shown to have both anti-inflammatory and proangiogenic properties. Antenatal IA treatment with Vit D (1,25-(OH) 2 D 3 ) during IA ETX exposure improves survival and increases vascular and alveolar growth in infant rats. Whether IA ETX causes decreased placental vascular development and if the protective effects of prenatal Vit D treatment are due to direct effects on the fetus or to improved placental vascular development remain unknown.  The objective of this study was to determine if IA ETX impairs placental vascular development and Vit D metabolism, and whether 1,25-(OH) 2 D 3 treatment improves placental vascularity after IA ETX exposure during late gestation in pregnant rats.  Fetal rats were exposed to ETX (10 mg), ETX + 1,25-(OH) 2 D 3 (1 ng/mL), 1,25-(OH) 2 D 3 (1 ng/mL), or saline (control) via IA injection at E20 and delivered 2 days later. To assess placental vascular development, histologic sections from the placenta were stained for CD31 and vessel density per high power field (HPF) was determined and analyzed using Matlab software. To determine the effects of ETX on placental Vit D metabolism, Vit D receptor (VDR) and activity of the Vit D conversion enzyme, CYP27B1, were assayed from placental homogenates. Angiogenic mediators were measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction by RNA extracted from placental tissue.  IA ETX reduced placenta and newborn birth weights by 22 and 20%, respectively, when compared with controls (placental weight: 0.60 vs. 0.47 g; p  < 0.0001; birth weight: 4.68 vs. 5.88 g; p  < 0.0001). IA 1,25-(OH) 2 D 3 treatment increased birth weight by 12% in ETX-exposed pups (5.25 vs. 4.68 g; p  < 0.001). IA ETX decreased placental vessel density by 24% in comparison with controls (1,114 vs. 848 vessels per HPF; p  < 0.05). Treatment with IA 1,25-(OH) 2 D 3 increased placenta vessel density twofold after ETX exposure (1,739 vs. 848); p  < 0.0001), and increased vessel density compared with saline controls by 56% (1,739 vs. 1,114; p  < 0.0001). IA ETX decreased both VDR and CYP27B1 expression by 83 and 35%, respectively ( p  < 0.01).  IA ETX decreases placental growth and vessel density and decreases placental VDR and CYP27B1 protein expression, and that antenatal 1,25-(OH) 2 D 3 restores placental weight and vessel density, as well as birth weight. We speculate that 1,25-(OH) 2 D 3 treatment preserves placental function in experimental CA and that these effects may be mediated by increased vascular growth. Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Potential Role of L-Arginine and Vitamin E Against Bone Loss Induced by Nano-Zinc Oxide in Rats.

PubMed

Abdelkarem, Hala M; Fadda, Laila H; El-Sayed, Eman M; Radwan, Omyma K

2018-05-04

The purpose of this study was to illustrate the effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) administration on bone turnover and bone resorbing agents in rats and how L-arginine (L-arg) or vitamin E (vit E) co-administrations might affect them. Fasting rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10): G1-normal healthy animals; G2-ZnO-NPs-exposed rats (600 mg/kg - 1/day -1 ); G3-ZnO-NPs-exposed rats co-administrated L-arg (200 mg/kg - 1/day -1 ); G4-ZnO-NPs-exposed rats co-administrated vit E (200 mg/kg - 1/day -1 ). The ingredients were orally administered daily. The body weight and food consumption of rats were recorded during the administration period and the experiment continued for three consecutive weeks. The results demonstrated that ZnO-NPs administration induced bone loss in rats as manifested by reduced activity of bone alkaline phosphatase (B-ALP) and increased level of C-terminal peptide type I collagen (CTx). The increase of inflammatory markers, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) by ZnO-NPs suggests that deleterious effects of ZnO-NPs on bone turnover were, in part, due to inflammation. Confirming to this suggestion, both L-arg and vit E reduced TNF-α and IL-6 levels and consequently decreased bone resorption as indicated by reduced serum CTx level. This study proved that ZnO-NPs can induce bone turnover, which may be reduced by L-arg or vit.E co-administration, partly by anti-inflammatory mechanism.

Beneficial effects of carnosine and carnosine plus vitamin E treatments on doxorubicin-induced oxidative stress and cardiac, hepatic, and renal toxicity in rats.

PubMed

Kumral, A; Giriş, M; Soluk-Tekkeşin, M; Olgaç, V; Doğru-Abbasoğlu, S; Türkoğlu, Ü; Uysal, M

2016-06-01

Oxidative stress plays an important role in doxorubicin (DOX)-induced toxicity. Carnosine (CAR) is a dipeptide with antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the decreasing or preventive effect of CAR alone or combination with vitamin E (CAR + Vit E) on DOX-induced toxicity in heart, liver, and brain of rats. Rats were treated with CAR (250 mg kg(-1) day(-1); intraperitoneally (i.p.)) or CAR + Vit E (equals 200 mg kg(-1) α-tocopherol; once every 3 days; intramuscularly) for 12 consecutive days. On the 8th day of treatment, rats were injected with a single dose of DOX (30 mg kg(-1), i.p.). Serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI), urea, and creatinine levels; alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities; and oxidative stress parameters in tissues were measured. We also determined thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, diene conjugate, protein carbonyl (PC), and glutathione levels and antioxidant enzyme activities. DOX resulted in increased serum cTnI, ALT, AST, urea, and creatinine levels and increased lipid peroxide and PC levels in tissues. CAR or CAR + Vit E treatments led to decreases in serum cTnI levels and ALT and AST activities. These treatments reduced prooxidant status and ameloriated histopathologic findings in the examined tissues. Our results may indicate that CAR alone, especially in combination with Vit E, protect against DOX-induced toxicity in heart, liver, and kidney tissues of rats. This was evidenced by improved cardiac, hepatic, and renal markers and restoration of the prooxidant state and amelioration of histopathologic changes. © The Author(s) 2015.

Vitamin E supplementation ameliorates aflatoxin B1-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.

PubMed

Abdel-Hamid, Ahmed A M; Firgany, Alaa El-Din L

2015-10-01

Fungal toxins in nutrition can cause organ dysfunction or even failure. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-induced renal impairment is not sufficiently studied regarding its extent and prevention. The aim of this experiment was to study the effect of AFB1 on renal cortical tissue and whether its possible harmful effect could be prevented by the conventional economical antioxidant, vitamin E. Forty rats were divided into four groups; I-IV. Group I represented the control while the others received vitamin E (Vit E), AFB1 and AFB1+Vit E, respectively. Renal cortex specimens were taken from each group after 25 days. Then, specimens were prepared for histological study by hematoxlyin and eosin (H&E), Masson's trichrome, caspase-3 as well as for ultrastructural examination and oxidative stress parameters evaluation. Data were morphometrically and statistically analyzed. In AFB1-treated group, focal tubulo-interstitial affection in the form of tubular cytoplasmic vacuolation, mitochondrial disruption, numerous lysosomes, marked increase in collagen deposition and in caspase-3 expression were observed. Glomerular impairment in the form of fusion of podocytes enlarged foot processes and thickening of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) with loss of its trilaminar appearance were detected. In the group treated by AFB1+Vit E, there were minimal affection of the histological structure of the renal cortex as well as significant increase in the anti-oxidative parameters which were significantly decreased in the AFB1-treated group. Therefore, Vit E could be considered in wide experimental studies to be a first choice antioxidant of high cost-effectiveness in prevention of fungal toxins pro-oxidant-induced renal impairment. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Effect of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection at the end of vitrectomy for vitreous haemorrhage related to proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

PubMed

Takamura, Yoshihiro; Shimura, Masahiko; Katome, Takashi; Someya, Hideaki; Sugimoto, Masahiko; Hirano, Takao; Sakamoto, Taiji; Gozawa, Makoto; Matsumura, Takehiro; Inatani, Masaru

2018-01-17

To investigate whether intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) combined with vitrectomy prevents postoperative inflammation in patients with vitreous haemorrhage (VH) due to proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). This prospective, multicentre, randomised study conducted at seven sites in Japan enrolled patients diagnosed as having VH following PDR. Patients underwent vitrectomy with (IVTA+VIT group) or without (VIT group) IVTA at the end of the surgery. Anterior flare intensity (AFI), central retinal thickness (CRT), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and intraocular pressure (IOP) were measured before and at 3 days, 1 week, 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery and compared. Number of patients who completed 6 months of follow-up was 40 and 41 in VIT group and IVTA+VIT group, respectively. AFI was significantly higher in the VIT group than in the IVTA+VIT group at 3 days (P=0.033), 1 week (P=0.019) and 1 month (P=0.037). There were no significant differences in CRT, BCVA and IOP between the groups through the observational periods. In the cases with macular oedema >350 µm of CRT at 3 days, CRT was significantly lower in the IVTA+VIT group than in the VIT group at 1 month (P=0.041). IVTA combined with vitrectomy and cataract surgery contributed to inhibit the postoperative inflammation in patients with VH due to PDR. The effect of IVTA in the reduction of diabetic macular oedema may be limited to the early stage after surgery. UMIN000020376, Post-results. © Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2018. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.

Vitamin D Levels in Takayasu's Arteritis and a Review of the Literature on Vasculitides.

PubMed

Alibaz-Oner, Fatma; Asmaz-Haliloglu, Özlem; Gogas-Yavuz, Dilek; Can, Meryem; Haklar, Goncagul; Direskeneli, Haner

2016-09-01

Takayasu's arteritis (TAK) is a chronic, large-vessel vasculitis. Vitamin D, as a steroidal hormone, has recently been shown to have immunoregulatory and immunosuppressive effects. Low vitamin D levels are demonstrated in various autoimmune disorders. The aim of this study is to investigate vitamin D levels in patients with TAK. A comprehensive review of vitamin D levels in systemic vasculitides (SVs) is also performed. The study included 36 patients with TAK, 28 patients with Behçet's disease (BD) as disease control and 30 sex-matched healthy controls. Plasma 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH) vit D) levels were measured with high-performance liquid chromatography. "Deficiency" was defined as 25(OH) vit D levels below 25 nmol/l and "insufficiency" as below 50 nmol/l. Plasma 25(OH) vit D levels were significantly lower in TAK patients (16.93 ± 10.62 nmol/l) than healthy controls (64.63 ± 21.82 nmol/l). Vitamin D level in BD patients (38.8 ± 20.9 nmol/l) is lower than healthy controls but higher than TAK patients. The frequency of vitamin D deficiency was 83.3% in patients with TAK compared to 3.3% in healthy controls. Plasma 25(OH) vit D levels were same between clinically active and inactive patients. In literature review, very few studies were found to investigate vitamin D in SVs. We observed a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in patients with TAK. As various immune effects of vitamin D on mononuclear cells and arterial endothelium is shown, vitamin D deficiency can be a predisposing factor for immune activation in SV. We therefore suggest monitorization and replacement of vitamin D status in all TAK and other SV patients. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Vitamin D enhances resistance to aspergillus fumigatus in mice via inhibition of excessive autophagy.

PubMed

Dai, Jingjing; Liang, Yong; Li, Honglin; Zhou, Wubi; Wang, Bing; Gong, Aijia; Zhang, Rongbo

2018-01-01

The role of vitamin D in the regulation of lung immune defense and inflammatory response has attracted more and more attention. Vitamin D deficiency is closely related to respiratory tract infections. However, few studies have elucidated the mechanism of vitamin D deficiency on host pulmonary resistance to Aspergillus fumigatus ( A. fumigatus ). In this paper, the role of autophagy and Treg regulation in the treatment of rat models of A. fumigatus infection with vitamin D was investigated. We intratracheally injected the A. fumigatus spores into Mice fed with sufficient vitamin D (VitD+) or deficient diets (VitD-). Mortality, fungal load and weight changes were evaluated. The conidia of lung tissue were isolated for analysis of viability. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) were stimulated with a viable A. fumigatus conidia for determining the formation of lysosomes in vitro. The autophagy-related proteins dectin-1, ROS and LC3BII expression in AMs were measured. Fluorescence and Western blot were performed to evaluate the autophagic flux and Treg cells were detected by flow cytometry. After inoculation with A. fumigatus, the vitamin D deficient mice exhibited a higher rate of death, more fungal growth, and more weight loss than its sufficient peers. The viability of A. fumigatus conidia in VitD+ mice was significantly lower than that in VitD- mice. In the case of A. fumigatus infection, vitamin D delays the formation of lysosomes against A. fumigatus through autophagy. The autophagy flow measurement experiment also found that the vitamin D group lowered autophagy levels in cells and a small number of Treg cells. In conclusion, Vitamin D deficiency can lead to impaired lung defense in mice, which may be associated with the formation of excessive autophagy-induced lysosomes and increased counts of Treg cells.

Comprehensive biometric, biochemical and histopathological assessment of nutrient deficiencies in gilthead sea bream fed semi-purified diets.

PubMed

Ballester-Lozano, Gabriel F; Benedito-Palos, Laura; Estensoro, Itziar; Sitjà-Bobadilla, Ariadna; Kaushik, Sadasivam; Pérez-Sánchez, Jaume

2015-09-14

Seven isoproteic and isolipidic semi-purified diets were formulated to assess specific nutrient deficiencies in sulphur amino acids (SAA), n-3 long-chain PUFA (n-3 LC-PUFA), phospholipids (PL), P, minerals (Min) and vitamins (Vit). The control diet (CTRL) contained these essential nutrients in adequate amounts. Each diet was allocated to triplicate groups of juvenile gilthead sea bream fed to satiety over an 11-week feeding trial period. Weight gain of n-3 LC-PUFA, P-Vit and PL-Min-SAA groups was 50, 60-75 and 80-85 % of the CTRL group, respectively. Fat retention was decreased by all nutrient deficiencies except by the Min diet. Strong effects on N retention were found in n-3 LC-PUFA and P fish. Combined anaemia and increased blood respiratory burst were observed in n-3 LC-PUFA fish. Hypoproteinaemia was found in SAA, n-3 LC-PUFA, PL and Vit fish. Derangements of lipid metabolism were also a common disorder, but the lipodystrophic phenotype of P fish was different from that of other groups. Changes in plasma levels of electrolytes (Ca, phosphate), metabolites (creatinine, choline) and enzyme activities (alkaline phosphatase) were related to specific nutrient deficiencies in PL, P, Min or Vit fish, whereas changes in circulating levels of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor I primarily reflected the intensity of the nutritional stressor. Histopathological scoring of the liver and intestine segments showed specific nutrient-mediated changes in lipid cell vacuolisation, inflammation of intestinal submucosa, as well as the distribution and number of intestinal goblet and rodlet cells. These results contribute to define the normal range of variation for selected biometric, biochemical, haematological and histochemical markers.

Prevention of secondary hyperparathyroidism in hemodialysis patients: the key role of native vitamin D supplementation.

PubMed

Jean, G; Vanel, T; Terrat, J-C; Chazot, C

2010-10-01

Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is a frequent complication in chronic kidney disease, especially in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Treatments for SHPT include calcitriol analogues (CA), phosphate binders, cinacalcet (CC), and surgical parathyroidectomy (PTX). This study aimed to assess the incidence and prevalence of SHPT in a single center during the period when native vitamin D (N-VitD) supplementation and CC treatment became available. All incident and prevalent HD patients were prospectively recorded and compared using 3 periods from 2004 to 2005 (period 1), 2006 to 2007 (period 2), and 2008 to 2009 (period 3). SHPT was diagnosed with serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels >300 pg/mL or the need for CA, CC, or PTX. Between periods 1 and 3, in incident patients (n=120 and 101), N-VitD prescription increased from 11% to 68% (P<0.0001), CA prescription remained stable (40%), and patients with PTH>300 pg/mL decreased from 40% to 12% (P<0.0001). In prevalent HD patients (n=235), N-VitD treatment increased from 55% to 91% (P<0.0001), whereas treatment with CA decreased from 67% to 17% (P<0.0001). Patients with serum PTH>300 pg/mL decreased from 38% to 13% (P<0.001), whereas patients with PTH<150 pg/mL remained stable (<30%). New CC prescriptions decreased from 45 to 3 (P<0.0001). Since 2004, SHPT has decreased drastically in incident and prevalent HD patients. The preventive role of N-VitD supplementation appears to be obvious and represents one more argument for its general recommendation in CKD patients. © 2010 The Authors. Hemodialysis International © 2010 International Society for Hemodialysis.

N-acetylcysteine, Ascorbic Acid, and Methylene Blue for the Treatment of Aluminium Phosphide Poisoning: Still Beneficial?

PubMed Central

Gheshlaghi, Farzad; Lavasanijou, Mohamad Reza; Moghaddam, Noushin Afshar; Khazaei, Majid; Behjati, Mohaddeseh; Farajzadegan, Ziba; Sabzghabaee, Ali Mohammad

2015-01-01

Objectives: Intentional and accidental intoxication with aluminium phosphide (ALP) remains a clinical problem, especially in the Middle East region. Considering the high mortality rate besides lack of any recommended first option drug for its treatment, this study was aimed to compare the therapeutic effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), vitamin C (Vit C), and methylene blue; both in isolate and also in combination, for the treatment of ALP intoxication in a rat model. Materials and Methods: In this experimental animal study, 80 male Wistar rats in eight groups were intoxicated with ALP (12.5 mg/kg) and treated with a single dose of NAC (100 mg/kg) or Vit C (500–1,000 mg/kg) or methylene blue (1 mg/kg/5 min, 0.1%) or two of these agents or all three of them (controls were not treated). Rats were monitored regarding the parameters of drug efficacy as increased survival time and reduced morbidity and mortality rate for 3 consecutive days to ensure toxin neutralization. Macroscopic changes were recorded and biopsy sections were taken from brain, cerebellum, kidney, liver, and heart for microscopic evaluation regarding cellular hypoxia. Results: The mean survival times of rats exposed to ALP and treated with VitC + NAC was 210.55±236.22 minutes. In analysis of survival times, there was a significant difference between Group 5 which received VitC + NAC and the other groups (P < 0.01). Serum magnesium levels after death were higher than normal (P = 0.01). Conclusions: Despite the higher survival rate of antioxidant-treated rats compared with controls, this difference was not statistically significant. PMID:26862259

Insect sting allergy in adults: key messages for clinicians.

PubMed

Nittner-Marszalska, Marita; Cichocka-Jarosz, Ewa

2015-01-01

During their lifetime, 94.5% of people are stung by wasps, honeybees, hornets, or bumblebees (order Hymenoptera). After a sting, most people show typical local symptoms, 5% to 15% develop local allergic reactions, and 3% to 8.9%--systemic allergic reactions (SARs), which may be potentially life-threatening in about 10% of them. In mild forms of Hymenoptera-venom allergy (HVA), the leading symptoms are urticaria and edema (grades I and II, respectively, according to the Mueller classification). Severe SARs are classified as grade III (respiratory symptoms) and IV (cardiovascular symptoms). Rare manifestations of HVA are Kounis syndrome and takotsubo cardiomyopathy. All patients after an SAR require standard (skin test, IgE, tryptase) or comprehensive (component diagnosis, basophil activation test) allergy testing. All patients with severe systemic symptoms (hypertension, disturbances in consciousness) should be tested for mastocytosis. Additionally, a relationship was found between the severity of HVA symptoms and intake of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs). There is a similar concern, although less well-documented, about the use of β-blockers. Patients with HVA who have experienced a SAR are potential candidates for venom immunotherapy (VIT), which is effective in 80% to 100% of individuals treated for 3 to 5 years. An increased risk of a VIT failure has been reported in patients with systemic mastocytosis and those treated with ACEIs. In certain groups (beekeepers, patients who develop a SAR to stings during a VIT with a standard dose, as well as those with a SAR to maintenance doses of VIT), a twice higher maintenance dose is recommended. Indications, contraindications, treatment protocols, and vaccine doses are regulated by the international guidelines of allergy societies.

Natural history of Hymenoptera venom allergy in children not treated with immunotherapy.

PubMed

Lange, Joanna; Cichocka-Jarosz, Ewa; Marczak, Honorata; Krauze, Agnieszka; Tarczoń, Izabela; Świebocka, Ewa; Lis, Grzegorz; Brzyski, Piotr; Nowak-Węgrzyn, Anna

2016-03-01

Differences in treatment approach still exist for children after systemic sting reactions. In addition, there are still some doubts about when systemic reactors should be treated with venom immunotherapy (VIT). To determine the rate of sting recurrence and natural history of Hymenoptera venom allergy (HVA) in children not treated with VIT. A total of 219 children diagnosed as having HVA who were not treated with VIT were identified in 3 pediatric allergology centers. Survey by telephone or mail with the use of a standardized questionnaire was conducted. The number of field re-stings, subsequent symptoms, and provided treatment were analyzed. A total of 130 of the 219 patients responded to the survey, for a response rate of 59.4%. During the median follow-up period of 72 months (interquartile range, 52-85 months), 44 children (77% boys) were stung 62 times. Normal reactions were most common, occurring in 27 patients (62%). Severe systemic reactions (SSRs) occurred in 8 (18%) of those who were re-stung. The subsequent reaction was significantly milder (P < 0.001), especially in the case of patients re-stung by the same insect (P < .001). None of the children with prediagnostic large local reactions and negative test results for venom specific IgE developed SSRs after re-sting by the culprit insect (P = .03). In children with SSRs, median time from diagnosis to re-sting was 2 times longer than that in those with large local reactions and normal reactions (P = .007). Most children with HVA not treated with VIT reported milder reactions after a re-sting. Probability of SSR to re-sting increases along with the severity of initial reaction. Copyright © 2016 American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Exploratory development of a glass ceramic automobile thermal reactor. [anti-pollution devices

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gould, R. E.; Petticrew, R. W.

1973-01-01

This report summarizes the design, fabrication and test results obtained for glass-ceramic (CER-VIT) automotive thermal reactors. Several reactor designs were evaluated using both engine-dynamometer and vehicle road tests. A maximum reactor life of about 330 hours was achieved in engine-dynamometer tests with peak gas temperatures of about 1065 C (1950 F). Reactor failures were mechanically induced. No evidence of chemical degradation was observed. It was concluded that to be useful for longer times, the CER-VIT parts would require a mounting system that was an improvement over those tested in this program. A reactor employing such a system was designed and fabricated.

Viscous flow of the Pd43Ni10Cu27P20 bulk metallic glass-forming liquid

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fan, G. J.; Fecht, H.-J.; Lavernia, E. J.

2004-01-01

The equilibrium viscosity of the Pd43Ni10Cu27P20 bulk metallic glass-forming liquid was measured over a wide temperature range from the equilibrium supercooled liquid state to the glass transition region using parallel-plate rheometry and three-point beam bending. Based on the measured viscosity data, the fragility of this liquid was quantitatively determined. The Pd43Ni10Cu27P20 alloy, despite exhibiting the best glass-forming ability reported thus far, is relatively fragile compared with other bulk glass-forming liquids, such as Vit 1 and Vit 4.

Tissue distribution and functional analysis of vitellogenin-6 of Toxocara canis.

PubMed

Zhu, Hong-Hong; Ma, Guang-Xu; Luo, Yong-Fang; Luo, Yong-Li; Yin, Sha-Sha; Xiong, Yi; Zhou, Rong-Qiong

2017-06-01

Toxocara canis is an common intestinal nematode of canids and the principal causative agent of human toxocariasis. Vitellogenin (Vg), a source of amino acids and lipids in the eggs, are considered to play an important role in embryo development of a wide range of organisms. In the present study, the transcriptional levels of Tc-vit-6 gene in male and female adult T. canis were determined by quantitative real-time PCR, which indicated high transcription of Tc-vit-6 in the intestine, reproductive tract and body wall of male and female adult T. canis. The fragment of Tc-vit-6 encoding a vWD domain, was cloned and expressed to produce a rabbit anti-TcvWD polyclonal antibody. Tissue distribution of TcVg6 was detected by immunohistochemical assays, which showed predominant distribution of TcVg6 in the tissues of intestine, as well as reproductive tract (including some of the germ cells) and musculature of male and female adult worms. Collectively, these results indicated multiple biological roles of TcVg6 apart from that in the reproduction of T. canis. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

[Prenatal patient cards and quality of prenatal care in public health services in Greater Metropolitan Vitória, Espírito Santo State, Brazil].

PubMed

Santos Neto, Edson Theodoro dos; Oliveira, Adauto Emmerich; Zandonade, Eliana; Gama, Silvana Granado Nogueira da; Leal, Maria do Carmo

2012-09-01

This study aimed to assess the completeness of prenatal care information on the patients' prenatal care cards, according to coverage by various public health services: Family Health Strategy (FHS), Community-Based Health Workers' Program (CBHWP), and traditional Primary Care Units (PCU) in Greater Metropolitan Vitória, Espírito Santo State, Brazil. In a cross-sectional study, 1,006 prenatal cards were randomly selected from postpartum women at maternity hospitals in the metropolitan area. Completeness of the cards was assessed according to the criteria proposed by Romero & Cunha, which measure the quality on a scale from excellent (< 5% incomplete cards) to very bad (> 50% incomplete cards). In general, completion of information on the cards was bad (> 20% incomplete), but cards were filled out better in the FHS than in the CBHWP and PCU, especially for tetanus vaccination (p = 0.016) and gestational weight (p = 0.039). In conclusion, the quality of prenatal care in the public health system in Greater Metropolitan Vitória fails to meet the Brazilian national guidelines for maternal and child health.

N-terminal aliphatic residues dictate the structure, stability, assembly, and small molecule binding of the coiled-coil region of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein.

PubMed

Gunasekar, Susheel K; Asnani, Mukta; Limbad, Chandani; Haghpanah, Jennifer S; Hom, Wendy; Barra, Hanna; Nanda, Soumya; Lu, Min; Montclare, Jin Kim

2009-09-15

The coiled-coil domain of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMPcc) assembles into a homopentamer that naturally recognizes the small molecule 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (vit D). To identify the residues critical for the structure, stability, oligomerization, and binding to vit D as well as two other small molecules, all-trans-retinol (ATR) and curcumin (CCM), here we perform an alanine scanning mutagenesis study. Ten residues lining the hydrophobic pocket of COMPcc were mutated into alanine; of the mutated residues, the N-terminal aliphatic residues L37, L44, V47, and L51 are responsible for maintaining the structure and function. Furthermore, two polar residues, T40 and Q54, within the N-terminal region when converted into alanine improve the alpha-helical structure, stability, and self-assembly behavior. Helical stability, oligomerization, and binding appear to be linked in a manner in which mutations that abolish helical structure and assembly bind poorly to vit D, ATR, and CCM. These results provide not only insight into COMPcc and its functional role but also useful guidelines for the design of stable, pentameric coiled-coils capable of selectively storing and delivering various small molecules.

Sex-related clinical aspects in insect venom anaphylaxis.

PubMed

Nittner-Marszalska, Marita; Liebhart, Jerzy; Dor-Wojnarowska, Anna

2015-06-01

Experimental studies, epidemiological data, and clinical observations suggest that the gender factor is involved in the development and manifestation of IgE-dependent allergic diseases. We intend to answer the question if sex-related factors may play a role in Hymenoptera venom allergy (HVA). In the majority of recent studies the frequency of HVA symptoms with respect to both LL and SYS reactions is similar for men and women, while proven sensitization to insect venom is less frequent in women. Studies assessing clinical reactivity in HVA indicate that male sex and vespid venom allergy are factors increasing the risk of severe allergic reactions. Regarding the risk of adverse events associated with gender in the course of venom immunotherapy (VIT), the results of two large EAACI multicenter studies are discordant. In the first study, women showed increased risk of VIT adverse events. In the latter, systemic allergic side effects were not associated with gender. Despite theoretical premises and certain clinical observations indicating an important role of estrogens in allergic diseases, their influence on stinging insects' venom hypersensitivity is not unequivocal and remains still open. Further studies on the safety of VIT in females seem to be advisable. © The Author(s) 2015.

History dependent crystallization of Zr{sub 41}Ti{sub 14}Cu{sub 12}Ni{sub 10}Be{sub 23} melts

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Schroers, Jan; Johnson, William L.

The crystallization of Zr{sub 41}Ti{sub 14}Cu{sub 12}Ni{sub 10}Be{sub 23} (Vit 1) melts during constant heating is investigated. (Vit 1) melts are cooled with different rates into the amorphous state and the crystallization temperature upon subsequent heating is studied. In addition, Vit 1 melts are cooled using a constant rate to different temperatures and subsequently heated from this temperature with a constant rate. We investigate the influence of the temperature to which the melt was cooled on the crystallization temperature measured upon heating. In both cases the onset temperature of crystallization shows strong history dependence. This can be explained by anmore » accumulating process during cooling and heating. An attempt is made to consider this process in a simple model by steady state nucleation and subsequent growth of the nuclei which results in different crystallization kinetics during cooling or heating. Calculations show qualitative agreement with the experimental results. However, calculated and experimental results differ quantitatively. This difference can be explained by a decomposition process leading to a nonsteady nucleation rate which continuously increases with decreasing temperature. (c) 2000 American Institute of Physics.« less

The human estrogen receptor can regulate exogenous but not endogenous vitellogenin gene promoters in a Xenopus cell line

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Seiler-Tuyns, A.; Merillat, A.M.; Haefliger, D.N.

Transfection of a human estrogen receptor cDNA expression vector (HEO) into cultured Xenopus kidney cells confers estrogen responsiveness to the recipient cells as demonstrated by the hormone dependent expression of co-transfected Xenopus vitellogenin-CAT chimeric genes. The estrogen stimulation of these vit-CAT genes is dependent upon the presence of the vitellogenin estrogen responsive element (ERE) in their 5{prime} flanking region. Thus, functional human estrogen receptor (hER) can be synthesized in heterologous lower vertebrate cells and can act as a trans-acting regulatory factor that is necessary, together with estradiol, for the induction of the vit-CAT constructs in these cells. In addition, vitellogeninmore » minigenes co-transfected with the HEO expression vector also respond to hormonal stimulation. Their induction is not higher than that of the vit-CAT chimeric genes. It suggests that in the Xenopus kidney cell line B 3.2, the structural parts of the vitellogenin minigenes do not play a role in the induction process. Furthermore, no stabilizing effect of estrogen on vitellogenin mRNA is observed in these cells.« less

A 44 bp intestine-specific hermaphrodite-specific enhancer from the C. elegans vit-2 vitellogenin gene is directly regulated by ELT-2, MAB-3, FKH-9 and DAF-16 and indirectly regulated by the germline, by daf-2/insulin signaling and by the TGF-β/Sma/Mab pathway.

PubMed

Goszczynski, Barbara; Captan, Vasile V; Danielson, Alicia M; Lancaster, Brett R; McGhee, James D

2016-05-01

The Caenorhabditis elegans vitellogenin genes are transcribed in the intestine of adult hermaphrodites but not of males. A 44-bp region from the vit-2 gene promoter is able largely to reconstitute this tissue-, stage- and sex-specific-expression. This "enhancer" contains a binding site for the DM-domain factor MAB-3, the male-specific repressor of vitellogenesis, as well as an activator site that we show is the direct target of the intestinal GATA factor ELT-2. We further show that the enhancer is directly activated by the winged-helix/forkhead-factor FKH-9, (whose gene has been shown by others to be a direct target of DAF-16), by an unknown activator binding to the MAB-3 site, and by the full C. elegans TGF-β/Sma/Mab pathway acting within the intestine. The vit-2 gene has been shown by others to be repressed by the daf-2/daf-16 insulin signaling pathway, which so strongly influences aging and longevity in C. elegans. We show that the activity of the 44 bp vit-2 enhancer is abolished by loss of daf-2 but is restored by simultaneous loss of daf-16. DAF-2 acts from outside of the intestine but DAF-16 acts both from outside of the intestine and from within the intestine where it binds directly to the same non-canonical target site that interacts with FKH-9. Activity of the 44 bp vit-2 enhancer is also inhibited by loss of the germline, in a manner that is only weakly influenced by DAF-16 but that is strongly influenced by KRI-1, a key downstream effector in the pathway by which germline loss increases C. elegans lifespan. The complex behavior of this enhancer presumably allows vitellogenin gene transcription to adjust to demands of body size, germline proliferation and nutritional state but we suggest that the apparent involvement of this enhancer in aging and longevity "pathways" could be incidental. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

High temperature deformation of Vitreloy bulk metallic glasses and their composite

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tao, Min

A complete understanding of the deformation mechanisms of BMGs and their composites requires investigation of the microstructural changes and their interplay with the mechanical behavior. In this dissertation, the deformation mechanisms of a series of Vitreloy glasses and their composites are experimentally investigated over a wide range of strain rates and temperatures, with focus on the supercooled liquid regime, by combining uniaxial mechanical testing with calorimetric and microscopic examinations. Various theories of deformation of metallic glasses and the composites are examined in light of the experimental data. A comparative structural relaxation study was performed on two closely related Vitreloy alloys, Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni 10Be22.5 (Vit 1) and Zr46.7Ti8.3Cu 7.5Ni10Be27.5 (Vit 4). Differential scanning calorimetric studies on the specimens deformed in compression at constant-strain-rate in supercooled liquid regime showed that mechanical loading accelerated the spinodal phase separation and nanocrystallization process in Vit 1, while the relaxation in Vit 4 featured local chemical composition fluctuation accompanied by annealing out of free volume. The effect of the structural relaxation on their mechanical behavior was further studied via single and multiple jump-in-strain-rate tests. The deformation and viscosity of a new Vitreloy alloy were characterized using uniaxial compression tests in its supercooled liquid regime. A new theoretical model named Cooperative Shear Model, which correlates the evolution of the macroscopic mechanical/thermal variables such as shear modulus and viscosity with the configurational energies of atom clusters in an amorphous alloy, was critically examined in this investigation. The model was successful in predicting the Newtonian and non-Newtonian viscosities of the material, as well as the shear moduli of the deformed specimens, in a self-consistent manner. The plastic flow of an in-situ metallic glass composite, beta-Vitreloy, was investigated under uniaxial compression in its supercooled liquid regime and at various strain rates (10-4 ˜ 10-1 s-1). The composite, with ˜ 25% volume fraction of crystalline beta-phase dendrites exhibited superplastic behavior similar to that of amorphous Vit 1. Significant strain hardening was observed when the material was deformed at high temperatures and low strain rates. A dual-phase composite model was employed in finite element simulations to understand the effect of the composite microstructure on its mechanical behavior.

ACTION OF VITAMIN E ON EXPERIMENTAL SEVERE ACUTE LIVER FAILURE.

PubMed

Miguel, Fabiano Moraes; Schemitt, Elizângela Gonçalves; Colares, Josieli Raskopf; Hartmann, Renata Minuzzo; Morgan-Martins, Maria Isabel; Marroni, Norma Possa

2017-01-01

Severe Acute Liver Failure (ALF) is a life-threatening clinical syndrome characterized by hepatocyte necrosis, loss of hepatic architecture, and impairment of liver functions. One of the main causes of ALF is hepatotoxicity from chemical agents, which damage hepatocytes and result in increase of reactive oxygen species. The vitamin E isoform is the one with the strongest biological antioxidant activity. To evaluate the antioxidant effect of vitamin E in this ALF model. We used 56 rats (mean weight of 300 g) divided into eight groups, four groups assessed at 24 hours and 4 assessed at 48 hours after induction: control group (CO); Vitamin E (Vit. E); Thioacetamide (TAA) and Thioacetamide + Vitamina E (TAA+Vit.E). Rats were submitted to injections of thioacetamide (400 mg/kg i.p.) at baseline and 8 hours later. Vitamin E (100 mg/kg ip) was administered 30 minutes after the second dose of thioacetamide. The 48-hour group rats received two additional doses of vitamin E (24h and 36h). At 24h or 48 hours after the administration of the first dose of TAA, rats were weighed and anesthetized and their blood sampled for evaluation of liver integrity through enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Liver tissue was sampled for assessment of lipid peroxidation (LPO) by the technique TBARS, antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT, GPx and GST activity, levels of the NO 2 /NO 3 and histology by H&E in two times. The results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation and statistically analyzed by ANOVA followed by Student-Newman-Keuls, with P <0.05 considered as significant. After treatment with vitamin E, we observed a reduction in liver enzymes AST (U/L) (101.32±19.45 in 24 hours and 97.85±29.65 in 48 hours) related to the TAA group (469.56± 0.69 in 24 hours and 598.23±55.45 in 48 hours) and ALT (U/L) (76.59±8.56 in 24 hours and 68.47±6.49 in 48 hours) compared to the TAA group (312.21±10.23 in 24 hours and 359.15±17.58 in 48 hours). There was a reduction of LPO (nmol/mg Prot) in the TAA+Vit.E group (0.77±0.07 in 24 hours and 0.95±0.08 in 48 hours) compared to the TAA group (1.50±0.07 in 24 hours e 1.65±0.16 in 48 hours). SOD decreased in the TAA+Vit.E group (49.48±9.47 in 24 hours and 62.45±18, 47 in 48 hours), related to the TAA group (98.46±15.48 in 24 hours and 154.13±21.46 in 48 hours), as well as GST (nmol/min/mg Prot) in the TAA+Vit.E group (350.57±36.93 in 24 hours and 453.29±13.84 in 48 hours) compared to the TAA group (561.57±64.56 in 24 hours and 673.43±38.13 in 48 hours). There was an increase in CAT (pmol/min/mg Prot) in the TAA+Vit.E group (3.40±0.44 in 24 hours and 3.0±0.35 in 48 hours) compared to the TAA group (1.65±0.21 in 24 hours and 1.86±0.42 in 48 hours). The GPx (nmol/min/mg Prot) increased in 24 hours in the TAA+Vit.E group (1.01±0.16) compared to the TAA group (0.41±0.04) and decreased in 48 hours (1.19±0.17) compared to the TAA group (1.76±0.21). There was a reduction in NO2/NO3 (mmol/L) levels in the TAA+Vit.E group (31.47±4.26 in 24 hours and 38.93±5.20 in 48 hours) compared to the TAA group (49.37±5.12 in 24 hours and 53.53±5.97 in 48 hours). The histopathological evaluation showed a decrease in liver injury (necrosis and inflammation) in both studied times. These results suggest that vitamin E was able to protect the liver from lesions caused by thioacetamide.

An examination of three theoretical models to explain the organ donation attitude--registration discrepancy among mature adults.

PubMed

Quick, Brian L; Anker, Ashley E; Feeley, Thomas Hugh; Morgan, Susan E

2016-01-01

An inconsistency in the research indicates positive attitudes toward organ donation do not map reliably onto organ donor registrations. Various models have sought to explain this inconsistency and the current analysis formally compared three models: the Bystander Intervention Model (BIM), the Organ Donor Model (ODM), and Vested Interest Theory (VIT). Mature (N = 688) adults between the ages of 50 to 64 years completed surveys related to organ donation. Results revealed that VIT accounted for the most variance in organ donation registrations followed by the BIM and ODM. The discussion emphasizes the importance of employing theories to explain a phenomenon as well as the practical implications of the findings.

Photo-induced regeneration of hormones by electron transfer processes: Potential biological and medical consequences

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Getoff, Nikola; Hartmann, Johannes; Schittl, Heike; Gerschpacher, Marion; Quint, Ruth Maria

2011-08-01

Based on the previous results concerning electron transfer processes in biological substances, it was of interest to investigate if hormone transients resulting by e.g. electron emission can be regenerated. The presented results prove for the first time that the hormone transients originating by the electron emission process can be successfully regenerated by the transfer of electrons from a potent electron donor, such as vitamin C (VitC). Investigations were performed using progesterone (PRG), testosterone (TES) and estrone (E1) as representatives of hormones. By irradiation with monochromatic UV light (λ=254 nm) in a media of 40% water and 60% ethanol, the degradation as well as the regeneration of the hormones was studied with each hormone individually and in the mixture with VitC as a function of the absorbed UV dose, using HPLC. Calculated from the obtained initial yields, the determined regeneration of PRG amounted to 52.7%, for TES to 58.6% and for E1 to 90.9%. The consumption of VitC was determined in the same way. The reported results concerning the regeneration of hormones by the transfer of electrons from an electron donor offer a new, promising method for the therapy with hormones. As a consequence of the regeneration of hormones, a decreased formation of carcinogenic metabolites is expected.

[The trajectory of a public service for alcohol and drug addicts in Vitória: the case of the CPTT].

PubMed

Dos Reis, Rossana; Garcia, Maria Lúcia Teixeira

2008-01-01

The aim of this case study is to analyze the Center for Prevention and Treatment of Alcohol and Drug Addiction (CPTT)/Psychosocial Care Center in Drugs and Alcohol (CAPS ad), and to reflect about the implementation process of the local addiction recovery policy for drug users and alcoholics. A document research was performed using as sources the CPTTs mid-year/annual and/or management reports and articles about the service. Data were analyzed using a priori and a posteriori content analysis. The CPTT, a health service of the government of the city of Vitória, was created in 1992 as a psychosocial service. The services provided by the CPTT include individual care, daily group activities and reception and follow-up groups. Today, the situation in the CPTT is characterized by precarious employment relations for most of the professionals working there. The trajectory of the implementation of the CPTT in the city of Vitória expresses two contradictory features: on one hand the advances made in the implementation of the public policy for prevention and treatment of drug and alcohol abuse, and on the other hand the challenge posed by the lack of a human resources policy capable of putting in effect the advances proposed by the policy.

Effects of Combined Vigorous Interval Training Program and Diet on Body Composition, Physical Fitness, and Physical Self-Perceptions Among Obese Adolescent Boys and Girls.

PubMed

Rey, Olivier; Vallier, Jean-Marc; Nicol, Caroline; Mercier, Charles-Symphorien; Maïano, Christophe

2017-02-01

This study examined the effects of a five-week intervention combining vigorous interval training (VIT) with diet among twenty-four obese adolescents. Fourteen girls and ten boys (aged 14-15) schooled in a pediatric rehabilitation center participated. The VIT intensity was targeted and remained above 80% of maximal heart rate (HR) and over six kilocalories per minute. Pre- and postintervention measures were body composition (BMI, weight, body fat percentage), physical self-perceptions (PSP), physical fitness (6-min walking distance and work) and its associated physiological responses (HR peak and blood lactate concentration). A series of two-way analyses of variance or covariance controlling for weight loss were used to examine the changes. Significant improvements were found in body composition, physical fitness and PSP (endurance, activity level, sport competence, global physical self-concept and appearance). In addition, boys presented higher levels of perceived strength and global physical self-concept than girls. Finally, there was a significant increase in perceived endurance, sport competence, and global physical self-concept in girls only. This five-week VIT program combined with diet represents an effective means for improving body composition, physical fitness, and PSP in obese adolescents, the effects on PSP being larger among girls.

[Disclosing the work processes of the community health agents on the Family Health Strategy in Vitória (ES, Brazil)].

PubMed

Galavote, Heletícia Scabelo; do Prado, Thiago Nascimento; Maciel, Ethel Leonor Noia; de Cássia Duarte Lima, Rita

2011-01-01

The community health agent (CHA) has a singular role as a "link" between the community and the health service. The main purpose of this descriptive/qualitative study is to evaluate the production of the CHA work processes in the Family Health Strategy in the county of Vitória (ES, Brazil). The research was developed in the health region of Maruípe, a district in the county of Vitória. The researchers invited 14 CHAs to use a half structured interview based on a guide script containing 24 questions. The process of work in health was considered as "a prevention and promotion of health", and the domiciliary visits were considered as being an everyday basic activity. The CHAs withhold several interpretations concerning to the work process and associated to the concept of unit the team has. It is also possible to notice a kind of idealism of the competences concerning to the CHA work, thus, causing a feeling of impotence and limitation when facing the challenges imposed by it. It is possible to conclude that the CHA needs tools and abilities that overcome their technical knowledge in order to act in a social scope and also to deal with the health needs of each user.

CrossVit: enhancing canopy monitoring management practices in viticulture.

PubMed

Matese, Alessandro; Vaccari, Francesco Primo; Tomasi, Diego; Di Gennaro, Salvatore Filippo; Primicerio, Jacopo; Sabatini, Francesco; Guidoni, Silvia

2013-06-13

A new wireless sensor network (WSN), called CrossVit, and based on MEMSIC products, has been tested for two growing seasons in two vineyards in Italy. The aims are to evaluate the monitoring performances of the new WSN directly in the vineyard and collect air temperature, air humidity and solar radiation data to support vineyard management practices. The WSN consists of various levels: the Master/Gateway level coordinates the WSN and performs data aggregation; the Farm/Server level takes care of storing data on a server, data processing and graphic rendering; Nodes level is based on a network of peripheral nodes consisting of a MDA300 sensor board and Iris module and equipped with thermistors for air temperature, photodiodes for global and diffuse solar radiation, and an HTM2500LF sensor for relative humidity. The communication levels are: WSN links between gateways and sensor nodes by ZigBee, and long-range GSM/GPRS links between gateways and the server farm level. The system was able to monitor the agrometeorological parameters in the vineyard: solar radiation, air temperature and air humidity, detecting the differences between the canopy treatments applied. The performance of CrossVit, in terms of monitoring and reliability of the system, have been evaluated considering: its handiness, cost-effective, non-invasive dimensions and low power consumption.

CrossVit: Enhancing Canopy Monitoring Management Practices in Viticulture

PubMed Central

Matese, Alessandro; Vaccari, Francesco Primo; Tomasi, Diego; Di Gennaro, Salvatore Filippo; Primicerio, Jacopo; Sabatini, Francesco; Guidoni, Silvia

2013-01-01

A new wireless sensor network (WSN), called CrossVit, and based on MEMSIC products, has been tested for two growing seasons in two vineyards in Italy. The aims are to evaluate the monitoring performances of the new WSN directly in the vineyard and collect air temperature, air humidity and solar radiation data to support vineyard management practices. The WSN consists of various levels: the Master/Gateway level coordinates the WSN and performs data aggregation; the Farm/Server level takes care of storing data on a server, data processing and graphic rendering; Nodes level is based on a network of peripheral nodes consisting of a MDA300 sensor board and Iris module and equipped with thermistors for air temperature, photodiodes for global and diffuse solar radiation, and an HTM2500LF sensor for relative humidity. The communication levels are: WSN links between gateways and sensor nodes by ZigBee, and long-range GSM/GPRS links between gateways and the server farm level. The system was able to monitor the agrometeorological parameters in the vineyard: solar radiation, air temperature and air humidity, detecting the differences between the canopy treatments applied. The performance of CrossVit, in terms of monitoring and reliability of the system, have been evaluated considering: its handiness, cost-effective, non-invasive dimensions and low power consumption. PMID:23765273

Differences in vitamin E and C profile between infant formula and human milk and relative susceptibility to lipid oxidation.

PubMed

Elisia, Ingrid; Kitts, David D

2013-01-01

The vitamin E isoforms and vitamin (vit) C content of infant formulas were compared to human milk and related to relative susceptibilities to lipid peroxidation. We report that a highly distinct vitamin E and C profile exists between formula and human milk. Whileα-tocopherol (α-Toc) is the dominant vit E isoform in human milk, formula contains a substantial amount of α-Toc and δ-Toc that was greater than the level found in human milk (12- and 32-fold, respectively). Vitamin C was also two- fold higher in infant formula compared to human milk. Despite the higher vitamin E and C content, we also observed higher rates of lipid oxidation in the formula when compared to human milk. Storing human milk for one day at refrigeration temperatures did not produce hexanal in human milk, but this storage resulted in an increase in hexanal in formulas. We conclude that the higher concentrations of γ-Toc and δ-Toc in infant formulas did not provide similar protection from lipid oxidation as human milk. We also observed that vit C content was reduced during storage in both infant formula and human milk, which did not occur with the Toc isoforms.

Effects of turmeric (Curcuma longa) and vitamin E on histopathological lesions induced in bursa of Fabricius of broiler chicks by salinomycin.

PubMed

Sayrafi, Reza; Mirzakhani, Navideh; Mobaseri, Reza

2017-01-01

The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of the turmeric in comparison to vitamin E on bursal damages induced by salinomycin in broiler chickens. In this study, forty one day-old broiler chicks were randomly divided into four treatment groups: 1- basal diet as control, 2- basal diet plus salinomycin, 3- basal diet plus salinomycin (SLM) and vitamin E (Vit. E) and 4- basal diet plus salinomycin and turmeric powder. The chicks were treated for two weeks. At the end of the experiment, the bursal tissues were removed and fixed in 10% formalin solution. Tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin stain for histopathological studies. Light microscopic observations showed that, SLM diminished cortex thickness of bursal tissue, enhanced its medulla zone and caused severe lymphocytic necrosis. In addition, SLM led to fibrosis of interstitium along with sever edema of medulla zone in the bursal tissue of the chicken. Administration of Vit. E and TP significantly inhibited the SLM-induced derangements and comparing the Vit. E and TP showed no significant differences. The results of this study indicated that the turmeric may protect bursa of Fabricius against toxicity induced by salinomycin in chicks.

Allergen immunotherapy: clinical and practical education of Italian trainees in allergy and clinical immunology schools.

PubMed

Ridolo, E; Incorvaia, C; Senna, G E; Montagni, M; Olivieri, E; Canonica, G W

2013-10-01

We performed a survey, based on a questionnaire including 20 items, submitted anonymously to Italian trainees in Allergology and Clinical Immunology, in order to obtain information about their specific allergen immunotherapy (AIT) practices. The questionnaire was sent to 40 trainees, who had attended the last two years of the training course. Thirty-four subjects (mean age: 27 years, 65% females) adequately completed the survey. The answers to the questionnaire showed that only 60% of the training programs included lectures on AIT. Among the trainees using AIT, only 40% declared being able to prescribe it independently, while 60% were guided by a tutor. Of the trainees who were able to prescribe AIT autonomously, 60% were familiar with both routes of administration, i.e. subcutaneous (SCIT) and sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT), while 25% of these used only SLIT. In 80% of the training institutions involved, the trainees could attend a dedicated AIT outpatient ward for SCIT administration; only 40% administered AIT personally, and in half of these cases, they were guided by a tutor. Only 70% of trainees had experience in the follow-up of patients still under treatment and of patients who had completed treatment. Analysis of the answers obtained for questions on venom immunotherapy (VIT) showed that, in 90% of cases, the trainees attended a dedicated outpatients ward where VIT is administered, but with a role limited to observation/cooperation. Only 30% were involved in the follow-up of patients who were under treatment or who had completed VIT. Only 20% of the trainees felt confident enough about VIT to prescribe this treatment independently, 80% knew there were several administration protocols, and the majority prescribed products from three different manufacturers. These findings suggest that there is significant room for improving the instructions provided regarding allergology and clinical immunology to trainees in Italy with respect to AIT.

Vitamin E and omega-3 fatty acids independently attenuate plasma concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines and prostaglandin E3 in Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide-challenged growing-finishing pigs.

PubMed

Upadhaya, S D; Kim, J C; Mullan, B P; Pluske, J R; Kim, I H

2015-06-01

This study tested the hypothesis that vitamin E (Vit E) and omega-3 fatty acids will additively attenuate the production of proinflammatory cytokines and PGE2 in immune system–stimulated growing–finishing pigs. A total of 80 mixed sex pigs weighing 50.7 ± 0.76 kg (mean ± SE) were blocked and stratified based on sex and BW to a 2 × 2 factorial design with the respective factors being 1) without and with 300 IU Vit E and 2) without and with 25% replacement of tallow to linseed oil as a source of n-3 fatty acids. Each treatment consisted of 4 replicate pens with 5 pigs (3 barrows and 2 gilts) per pen. All pigs were challenged with an intramuscular injection of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS; O111:B4) twice weekly over the 6-wk experiment. After LPS challenge, pigs fed a diet supplemented with n-3 fatty acids had fewer (P < 0.05) white blood cells and tended to show both a reduced (P < 0.10) proportion of lymphocytes and IgG concentration compared with pigs fed a diet without any supplements. Supplementation of n-3 fatty acids reduced (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05) serum concentrations of cortisol and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), respectively. The serum concentration of PGE2 was decreased (P < 0.05) with supplementation of both Vit E and n-3 fatty acids; however, the extent of the reduction was greater (P < 0.001) in pigs fed an n-3 fatty acid–supplemented diet. However, there were no additive effects of the combined supplementation of Vit E and n-3 fatty acids on serum concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines and PGE2. The results suggest that n-3 fatty acids independently attenuate production of TNF-α and PGE2 in immune system–stimulated growing–finishing pigs.

Choline-stabilized orthosilicic acid supplementation as an adjunct to Calcium/Vitamin D3 stimulates markers of bone formation in osteopenic females: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial

PubMed Central

Spector, Tim D; Calomme, Mario R; Anderson, Simon H; Clement, Gail; Bevan, Liisa; Demeester, Nathalie; Swaminathan, Rami; Jugdaohsingh, Ravin; Berghe, Dirk A Vanden; Powell, Jonathan J

2008-01-01

Background Mounting evidence supports a physiological role for silicon (Si) as orthosilicic acid (OSA, Si(OH)4) in bone formation. The effect of oral choline-stabilized orthosilicic acid (ch-OSA) on markers of bone turnover and bone mineral density (BMD) was investigated in a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Methods Over 12-months, 136 women out of 184 randomized (T-score spine < -1.5) completed the study and received, daily, 1000 mg Ca and 20 μg cholecalciferol (Vit D3) and three different ch-OSA doses (3, 6 and 12 mg Si) or placebo. Bone formation markers in serum and urinary resorption markers were measured at baseline, and after 6 and 12 months. Femoral and lumbar BMD were measured at baseline and after 12 months by DEXA. Results Overall, there was a trend for ch-OSA to confer some additional benefit to Ca and Vit D3 treatment, especially for markers of bone formation, but only the marker for type I collagen formation (PINP) was significant at 12 months for the 6 and 12 mg Si dose (vs. placebo) without a clear dose response effect. A trend for a dose-corresponding increase was observed in the bone resorption marker, collagen type I C-terminal telopeptide (CTX-I). Lumbar spine BMD did not change significantly. Post-hoc subgroup analysis (baseline T-score femur < -1) however was significant for the 6 mg dose at the femoral neck (T-test). There were no ch-OSA related adverse events observed and biochemical safety parameters remained within the normal range. Conclusion Combined therapy of ch-OSA and Ca/Vit D3 had a potential beneficial effect on bone collagen compared to Ca/Vit D3 alone which suggests that this treatment is of potential use in osteoporosis. NTR 1029 PMID:18547426

IgE-Api m 4 Is Useful for Identifying a Particular Phenotype of Bee Venom Allergy.

PubMed

Ruiz, B; Serrano, P; Moreno, C

Different clinical behaviors have been identified in patients allergic to bee venom. Compound-resolved diagnosis could be an appropriate tool for investigating these differences. The aims of this study were to analyze whether specific IgE to Api m 4 (sIgE-Api m 4) can identify a particular kind of bee venom allergy and to describe response to bee venom immunotherapy (bVIT). Prospective study of 31 patients allergic to bee venom who were assigned to phenotype group A (sIgE-Api m 4 <0.98 kU/L), treated with native aqueous (NA) extract, or phenotype group B (sIgE-Api m 4 ≥0.98 kU/L), treated with purified aqueous (PA) extract. Sex, age, cardiovascular risk, severity of preceding sting reaction, exposure to beekeeping, and immunological data (intradermal test, sIgE/sIgG4-Apis-nApi m 1, and sIgE-rApi m 2-Api m 4 were analyzed. Systemic reactions (SRs) during bVIT build-up were analyzed. Immunological and sting challenge outcomes were evaluated in each group after 1 and 2 years of bVIT. Phenotype B patients had more severe reactions (P=.049) and higher skin sensitivity (P=.011), baseline sIgE-Apis (P=.0004), sIgE-nApi m 1 (P=.0004), and sIgG4-Apis (P=.027) than phenotype A patients. Furthermore, 41% of patients in group B experienced SRs during the build-up phase with NA; the sting challenge success rate in this group was 82%. There were no significant reductions in serial intradermal test results, but an intense reduction in sIgE-nApi m 1 (P=.013) and sIgE-Api m 4 (P=.004) was observed after the first year of bVIT. Use of IgE-Api m 4 as the only discrimination criterion demonstrated differences in bee venom allergy. Further investigation with larger populations is necessary.

Functional traits of selected mangrove species in Brazil as biological indicators of different environmental conditions.

PubMed

Arrivabene, Hiulana Pereira; Souza, Iara; Có, Walter Luiz Oliveira; Rodella, Roberto Antônio; Wunderlin, Daniel Alberto; Milanez, Camilla Rozindo

2014-04-01

Ecological studies on phenotypic plasticity illustrate the relevance of this phenomenon in nature. Conditions of biota reflect environmental changes, highlighting the adaptability of resident species that can be used as bioindicators of such changes. We report the morpho-anatomical plasticity of leaves of Avicennia schaueriana Stapf & Leechm. ex Moldenke, Laguncularia racemosa (L.) C.F.Gaertn. and Rhizophora mangle L., evaluated in three estuaries (Vitória bay, Santa Cruz and Itaúnas River; state of Espírito Santo, Brazil), considering five areas of mangrove ecosystems with diverse environmental issues. Two sampling sites are part of the Ecological Station Lameirão Island in Vitória bay, close to a harbor. A third sampling site in Cariacica (Vitória bay) is inside the Vitória harbor and also is influenced by domestic sewage. The fourth studied area (Santa Cruz) is part of Piraquê Mangrove Ecological Reservation, while the fifth (Itaúnas River) is a small mangrove, with sandy sediment and greater photosynthetically active radiation, also not strongly influenced by anthropic activity. Results pointed out the morpho-anatomical plasticity in studied species, showing that A. schaueriana and L. racemosa might be considered the most appropriate bioindicators to indicate different settings and environmental conditions. Particularly, the dry mass per leaf area (LMA) of A. schaueriana was the main biomarker measured. In our study, LMA of A. schaueriana was positively correlated with salinity (Spearman 0.71), Mn content (0.81) and pH (0.82) but negatively correlated with phosphorus content (-0.63). Thus, the evaluation of modification in LMA of A. schaueriana pointed out changes among five studied sites, suggesting its use to reflect changes in the environment, which could be also useful in the future to evaluate the climate change. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Behavioral responses of Cao Vit gibbon (Nomascus nasutus) to variations in food abundance and temperature in Bangliang, Jingxi, China.

PubMed

Fan, Peng-Fei; Fei, Han-Lan; Ma, Chang-Yong

2012-07-01

The Cao Vit gibbon is a critically endangered species with only about 110 individuals remaining in a degraded karst forest along the China-Vietnam border. Behavioral data from this site are particularly useful in understanding gibbon behavioral adaptations to different sets of ecological conditions and will contribute to the conservation of the species. We studied seasonal variation in the time budget and diet of the Cao Vit gibbon in response to variation in food availability and ambient temperature by observing two groups for 1,379 hr between January and December 2009. We used 5-min scan samples to record the activity of gibbons. Both ambient temperature and food availability varied from month to month. Gibbon groups increased resting time and huddled together in sleeping places in cold months. Gibbons spent more time feeding on fruit when fruit was more abundant suggesting that fruit was their preferred food. Alternatively, leaf eating was negatively correlated with leaf availability which suggested that leaves may be used as a fallback food. Gibbons increased their diet diversity when they ate more leaves. This might be a strategy to cope with toxins or digestion inhibitor accumulation associated with feeding from a limited number of leaf species. Individuals consumed more buds when Broussonetia papyrifera produced buds in March and April. During this period, they decreased traveling time and engaged in less frequent social interactions. Gibbons spent more time searching for and feeding on invertebrates during June and October. However, we did not collect data on invertebrate abundance and therefore cannot determine the relationship between invertebrate feeding and availability. We conclude that flexibility in consuming diverse food types and food species, and in responding to the availability of preferred foods, has enabled the Cao Vit gibbon to survive in a degraded karst forest habitat. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Parenteral selenium and vitamin E supplementation to lambs: hematology, serum biochemistry, performance, and relationship with other trace elements.

PubMed

Mohri, Mehrdad; Ehsani, Abdollah; Norouzian, M A; Bami, Mohammad Heidarpour; Seifi, Hesam A

2011-03-01

Most regions in Iran are generally selenium (Se) deficient and all mineral premixes which used in farm animals contain Se in the form of sodium selenite. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of injected Se and vitamin E (vit E) on hematology, serum proteins, and performance of lambs during the period which the animals are at risk of Se and/or vit E deficiency. The study also aims to determine the relationship between selenium injection and the levels of other trace elements in blood serum of lambs. A total of 16 lambs of Baloochi breed (age, 70 ± 7 days and weight, 15.2 ± 1.4) were enrolled in the study. The animals were divided into two groups. In the test group, vit E and Se injected at a dose of 0.2 ml/kg BW (Vetoquinol, Selepherol®, Lure Cedex, France, α-tocopherol acetate 3.82 g/100 ml plus sodium selenite 0.023 g/100 ml) at the enrollment. Control lambs were received equal amounts of normal saline as placebo. Blood was sampled from the jugular vein at the beginning of the study (enrollment, before injection of vit E and selenium and saline) and at days 7, 14, 21, and 28 of experiment. The amounts of total serum protein, albumin, glucose, iron, copper, zinc, creatine kinase (CK), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and Se were measured. The concentration of globulin was calculated as the difference between total serum protein and albumin. For evaluation of growth and health, body weight of all the lambs was measured at day 0 of the experiment and the sampling times and days of treatment for each lamb were recorded. Treatment with Se and vit E decreased the activities of CK and AST compared to the controls (p < 0.05). Age (sampling time) had significant effects on the values of Se, iron, zinc, AST, hemoglobin, total protein, glucose, weight, height, and length (p < 0.05). Significant interactions between sampling time and group were seen for CK, AST, iron, glucose, weight, and length. No significant differences were seen for total weight gain (control, 3.48 ± 0.75 kg; test, 3.85 ± 0.9 kg), and average daily gain (control, 0.12 ± 0.03 kg; test, 0.14 ± 0.03 kg) between trial groups.

Nature of oxygen-containing radicals in radiation chemistry and photochemistry of aqueous solutions. Annual progress report, July 1981-June 1982

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Czapski, G.

During the past years the main emphasis was given to the properties of HO/sub 2/ and O/sub 2//sup -/ and OH, mainly in their role in biological systems. We will continue to study and elucidate how O/sub 2//sup -/ reacts in biological systems. The toxicity of O/sub 2//sup -/ is quite well established but the mechanism is still obscure. One way O/sub 2//sup -/ is toxic, was shown by us and others, that OH is formed from O/sub 2//sup -/ through reduction of Fe/sup 3 +/, and subsequently the reaction of Fe/sup 2 +/ with H/sub 2/O/sub 2/ (Fenton reaction).more » This mechanism is sometimes, unjustifiably, called the Haber Weiss Reaction. In this mechanism Cu(II) can often substitute Fe/sup 3 +/. Our recent results proved that in many cases O/sub 2//sup -/, which in its biological activity and toxicity, reduces Cu(II) or Fe(III) can be replaced by other reductants like Vit. C. The role of oxygen, radiosensitizers in radiation damage of bacteriophages and cells will be further studied, as well as on E. coli and enzymes. We will try to elucidate the formation and role of OH, O/sub 2//sup -/ and O/sub 2/ in these systems as well as the relative contribution of endogenous and exogeneous damage, and the role of direct and indirect radiation damage to cells. Our main emphasis in the near future will concentrate on the effect of copper ions on toxicity of O/sub 2//sup -/. Preliminary results, both with penicillinase as well as with spores and bacteriophages and E. coli, show as if in some of these systems Cu/sup 2 +/ sensitizes the damage caused in the absence of copper by up to one hundred fold. This damage is apparently caused by O/sub 2//sup -/. We found that in this sense, O/sub 2//sup -/ can be often replaced by Vit. C - both are capable of reducing Cu(II) and both form H/sub 2/O/sub 2/ (Vit. C only in the presence of oxygen). In the near future we will concentrate on studying the exact mechanism of toxicity of Vit. C and O/sub 2//sup -/ in the presence of Cu(II) and will compare the toxicity and its mechanism of Vit. C and O/sub 2//sup -/.« less

Mechanical properties of Zr41.2Ti13.8Ni10Cu12.5Be22.5 bulk metallic glass with different geometric confinements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Changqin; Zhang, Haifeng; Sun, Qilei; Liu, Kegao

2018-03-01

Zr41.2Ti13.8Ni10Cu12.5Be22.5 (Vit 1) bulk metallic glass with Cu sleeves at different positions was prepared by the Cu mold casting method, and the effects of different geometric confinements offered by Cu sleeves on the mechanical properties of Vit 1 were investigated. It was found that the mechanical properties were prominently influenced by different geometric confinements and the plasticity could be modified by optimizing the positions of Cu sleeves. The results revealed that shear band initiation and propagation could be efficiently intervened by changing the radial boundary restraints, which led to quite different mechanical behaviors.

Experimental Validation of an Ion Beam Optics Code with a Visualized Ion Thruster

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nakayama, Yoshinori; Nakano, Masakatsu

For validation of an ion beam optics code, the behavior of ion beam optics was experimentally observed and evaluated with a two-dimensional visualized ion thruster (VIT). Since the observed beam focus positions, sheath positions and measured ion beam currents were in good agreement with the numerical results, it was confirmed that the numerical model of this code was appropriated. In addition, it was also confirmed that the beam focus position was moved on center axis of grid hole according to the applied grid potentials, which differs from conventional understanding/assumption. The VIT operations may be useful not only for the validation of ion beam optics codes but also for the fundamental and intuitive understanding of the Child Law Sheath theory.

Positive effect of resveratrol against preantral follicles degeneration after ovarian tissue vitrification.

PubMed

Rocha, Carina Diniz; Soares, Mayara Mafra; de Cássia Antonino, Deize; Júnior, Jairo Melo; Freitas Mohallem, Renata Ferreira; Ribeiro Rodrigues, Ana Paula; Figueiredo, José Ricardo; Beletti, Marcelo Emílio; Jacomini, José Octavio; Alves, Benner Geraldo; Alves, Kele Amaral

2018-07-01

This study aimed to evaluate whether the addition of resveratrol to vitrification/thawing medium improves the cryotolerance of preantral follicles enclosed in bovine ovarian fragments. Ovarian fragments were obtained from bovine fetuses and distributed to the following groups: fresh ovarian fragments (control), vitrified (VIT), and vitrified with resveratrol (VIT + RESV). Overall, the mean percentage of normal follicles was greater (P < 0.05) in the VIT + RESV compared to the VIT group. Moreover, the probability of finding normal follicles was 2.5 greater (P < 0.05) in the VIT + RESV group. In class comparison, the primordial and transitional follicles have ∼3.0 times (P < 0.05) greater odds of being normal after vitrification compared to the secondary follicles. Additionally, a negative association (P < 0.05) was observed between the proportion of viable follicles and the stage of follicular development. ROS levels were similar (P > 0.05) between the VIT and VIT + RESV groups, and both were lower (P < 0.05) than the control group. The tissue viability in the VIT + RESV group was similar (P > 0.05) to the control group. In summary, the resveratrol provided greater ovarian tissue viability and has a positive effect against degeneration of preantral follicles enclosed in ovarian fragments. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Endometrial damage and apoptosis in rats induced by dichlorvos and ameliorating effect of antioxidant vitamins E and C.

PubMed

Oral, Baha; Guney, Mehmet; Demirin, Hilmi; Ozguner, Meltem; Giray, Seren Gülsen; Take, Gulnur; Mungan, Tamer; Altuntas, Irfan

2006-11-01

We aimed to investigate the effect of subchronic administration of dichlorvos (DDVP) on endometrium and to evaluate ameliorating effects of a combination of Vitamins E and C against DDVP toxicity in the rat. Three groups of rats were used in the experiment. The first group was treated with 4 mg/kg DDVP; the second group was treated with 4 mg/kg body weight DDVP plus Vitamins E and C (DDVP+Vit); the third group was given only corn oil (control). DDVP and DDVP+Vit groups were given DDVP by gavage 5 days a week for 4 weeks at a dose level of 4 mg/kg day by using corn oil as the vechicle. Vitamins E and C were injected at doses of 50 mg/kg i.m. and 20 mg/kg body weight i.p. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations for caspase-3 and caspase-9 were accomplished in the endometrium. The level of malondialdehyde (MDA) increased significantly in the DDVP group compared with the control group (p<0.05). MDA significantly decreased in the DDVP+Vit group compared with the DDVP group (p<0.05). Administration of Vitamins E and C along with DDVP significantly reduced the histopathological changes and the extent of apoptosis. In conclusion, subchronic DDVP administration caused endometrial damage and that treatment with a combination of Vitamins E and C reduced endometrial damage caused by DDVP.

Fish Biodiversity of the Vitória-Trindade Seamount Chain, Southwestern Atlantic: An Updated Database

PubMed Central

Pinheiro, Hudson T.; Mazzei, Eric; Moura, Rodrigo L.; Amado-Filho, Gilberto M.; Carvalho-Filho, Alfredo; Braga, Adriana C.; Costa, Paulo A. S.; Ferreira, Beatrice P.; Ferreira, Carlos Eduardo L.; Floeter, Sergio R.; Francini-Filho, Ronaldo B.; Gasparini, João Luiz; Macieira, Raphael M.; Martins, Agnaldo S.; Olavo, George; Pimentel, Caio R.; Rocha, Luiz A.; Sazima, Ivan; Simon, Thiony; Teixeira, João Batista; Xavier, Lucas B.; Joyeux, Jean-Christophe

2015-01-01

Despite a strong increase in research on seamounts and oceanic islands ecology and biogeography, many basic aspects of their biodiversity are still unknown. In the southwestern Atlantic, the Vitória-Trindade Seamount Chain (VTC) extends ca. 1,200 km offshore the Brazilian continental shelf, from the Vitória seamount to the oceanic islands of Trindade and Martin Vaz. For a long time, most of the biological information available regarded its islands. Our study presents and analyzes an extensive database on the VTC fish biodiversity, built on data compiled from literature and recent scientific expeditions that assessed both shallow to mesophotic environments. A total of 273 species were recorded, 211 of which occur on seamounts and 173 at the islands. New records for seamounts or islands include 191 reef fish species and 64 depth range extensions. The structure of fish assemblages was similar between islands and seamounts, not differing in species geographic distribution, trophic composition, or spawning strategies. Main differences were related to endemism, higher at the islands, and to the number of endangered species, higher at the seamounts. Since unregulated fishing activities are common in the region, and mining activities are expected to drastically increase in the near future (carbonates on seamount summits and metals on slopes), this unique biodiversity needs urgent attention and management. PMID:25738798

Volatile organic compounds speciation and their influence on ozone formation potential in an industrialized urban area in Brazil.

PubMed

Galvão, Elson Silva; Santos, Jane Meri; Reis Junior, Neyval Costa; Stuetz, Richard Michael

2016-09-01

Speciation and the influence on the ozone formation potential (OFP) from volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been studied between February June 2013 in Vitória, ES, Brazil. Passive samplers were installed at three air-quality monitoring stations and a total of 96 samplings were collected. A total of 78 VOCs were characterized by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer. The predominant group was organic acids, followed by alcohols and substituted aromatics and 14 precursor species were quantified. An analysis correlating concentrations with wind direction was conducted to identify possible sources. The OFP was calculated applying the scale of maximum incremental reactivity proposed by Carter.[ 23 ] Ozone precursors with the greatest OFP such as undecane, toluene, ethylbenzene and m, p-xylene compounds were the most abundant with means of 0.855, 0.365, 0.259 and 0.289 µg m(-3), respectively. The benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) group was found below the limits considered harmful to the health of the population living in Vitória. The OFP calculated for the precursors group was 22.55 µg m(-3) for the rainy season and 32.11 µg m(-3) for the dry season. The VOC/NOx ratio in Vitória is approximately 1.71, indicating that the region has a VOC-limiting condition for the production of ozone.

VIT-CMJ2: Endophyte of Agaricus bisporus in Production of Bioactive Compounds.

PubMed

Gautam, Chandan Kumar; Madhav, Mukund; Sinha, Astha; Jabez Osborne, William

2016-06-01

Agaricus bisporus is an edible basidiomycete fungus. Both the body and the mycelium contain compounds comprising a wide range of antimicrobial molecules, contributing in improvement of immunity and tumor-retardation. The presence of endophytes capable of producing bioactive compounds was investigated in Agaricus bisporus . Endophytes from Agaricus bisporus was isolated on LB agar. The obtained isolates were characterized morphologically and biochemically. Further 16S rRNA sequencing was implemented for molecular analysis of isolates. The isolate was mass produced and the bioactive compounds were extracted using ethyl acetate, chloroform and hexane. Agar well diffusion method was carried out to seek the potential of any antimicrobial activity of the crude bioactive compounds against known pathogens. GC-MS and FT-IR analysis were performed for the identification of bioactive compounds. VIT-CMJ2 was identified as Enterobacter sp. as revealed by 16S rRNA sequencing. Chloroform extract of VIT-CMJ2 showed a maximum zone of inhibition of 19 mm against Salmonella typhi followed by hexane and ethyl acetate extracts. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of several bioactive compounds having effective antimicrobial activity like butyl ester, Behenicalcohol, S , S-dioxide derivatives and some others which were later confirmed by FT-IR spectral stretches. The present study shows the insight on the way endophytes interact with Agaricus bisporus ; thereby improving the nutritional profile.

VIT-CMJ2: Endophyte of Agaricus bisporus in Production of Bioactive Compounds

PubMed Central

Gautam, Chandan Kumar; Madhav, Mukund; Sinha, Astha; Jabez Osborne, William

2016-01-01

Background Agaricus bisporus is an edible basidiomycete fungus. Both the body and the mycelium contain compounds comprising a wide range of antimicrobial molecules, contributing in improvement of immunity and tumor-retardation. Objectives The presence of endophytes capable of producing bioactive compounds was investigated in Agaricus bisporus. Materials and Methods Endophytes from Agaricus bisporus was isolated on LB agar. The obtained isolates were characterized morphologically and biochemically. Further 16S rRNA sequencing was implemented for molecular analysis of isolates. The isolate was mass produced and the bioactive compounds were extracted using ethyl acetate, chloroform and hexane. Agar well diffusion method was carried out to seek the potential of any antimicrobial activity of the crude bioactive compounds against known pathogens. GC-MS and FT-IR analysis were performed for the identification of bioactive compounds. Results VIT-CMJ2 was identified as Enterobacter sp. as revealed by 16S rRNA sequencing. Chloroform extract of VIT-CMJ2 showed a maximum zone of inhibition of 19 mm against Salmonella typhi followed by hexane and ethyl acetate extracts. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of several bioactive compounds having effective antimicrobial activity like butyl ester, Behenicalcohol, S , S-dioxide derivatives and some others which were later confirmed by FT-IR spectral stretches. Conclusions The present study shows the insight on the way endophytes interact with Agaricus bisporus; thereby improving the nutritional profile. PMID:28959322

Radiation effects in materials for optical interferometric devices

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Koumvakalis, N.; Jani, M.G.; Halliburton, L.E.

The effects of ionizing radiation have been investigated in a series of materials commonly used in optical interferometric devices. Included in the study were three glass-ceramics (Zerodur, Cer-Vit 101, and Cer-Vit 142) and one Faraday-rotator glass (SF-57). Each glass-ceramic was irradiated at room temperature with 1.5-MeV electrons from a Van De Graaff accelerator. Similar irradiations were done on the Faraday-rotator glass at room temperature and 77 K. Optical absorption and electron spin resonance measurements provided a monitor of the radiation-induced point defects in all cases. The spectral characteristics and the production and thermal annealing behavior of these defects are described,more » and their possible effect on the performance of optical devices which incorporate these materials is considered.« less

Creative Ways to Teach Nutrition

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Spitze, Hazel Taylor; And Others

1977-01-01

Presents activities, materials, and instructions for three classroom games developed in University of Illinois nutrition education workshops on new ways to teach nutrition: Vit-A-Vend, Nutrition Basketball, and Nutrition Baseball. (MF)

Acetylsalicylic acid supplementation improves protein utilization efficiency while vitamin E supplementation reduces markers of the inflammatory response in weaned pigs challenged with enterotoxigenic E. coli.

PubMed

Kim, Jae Cheol; Mullan, Bruce P; Black, John L; Hewitt, Robert J E; van Barneveld, Robert J; Pluske, John R

2016-01-01

This experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that vitamin E (Vit E) and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), a cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, will additively reduce the production of the immunosuppressive molecule prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) and hence reduce inflammatory responses in weaner pigs experimentally infected with an enterotoxigenic strain of E. coli . The experiment was conducted in a research facility with 192 individually-housed male weaner pigs (Landrace × Large White) weighing 6.6 ± 0.04 kg (mean ± SEM). The pigs were experimentally infected with an enterotoxigenic strain of E. coli and were allocated to a 2 × 3 factorial design with the respective factors being without and with 125 ppm ASA and three levels of Vit E supplementation (50, 100 or 200 IU/kg diet, dl -α-tocopheryl acetate). Acetylsalicylic acid supplementation improved average daily gain ( P <  0.05) and tended to improve feed:gain ratio ( P <  0.10) during the first 14 d after weaning. Acetylsalicylic acid supplementation also improved ( P  < 0.001) amino acid utilization efficiency (as assessed by plasma urea level) and tended to decrease ( P  < 0.10) PGE 2 production in the liver without affecting small intestinal histology and tight junction protein mRNA expression in the jejunal epithelium. Vitamin E supplementation greater than 100 IU/kg diet sustained both the plasma Vit E concentration ( P  < 0.001) and plasma haptoglobin content ( P  < 0.001) after weaning. However, there was no additive effects of the combined supplementation of ASA and Vit E on performance, intestinal barrier function and inflammatory responses of weaned pigs. Although ASA and vitamin E improved amino acid utilization efficiency and reduced acute inflammatory responses, ASA and vitamin E did not additively reduce production of PGE 2 and inflammatory responses in weaner pigs experimentally infected with an enterotoxigenic strain of E. coli .

Genetic Polymorphism of Cytochrome P450 4F2, Vitamin E Level and Histological Response in Adults and Children with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Who Participated in PIVENS and TONIC Clinical Trials

PubMed Central

Athinarayanan, Shaminie; Wei, Rongrong; Zhang, Min; Bai, Shaochun; Traber, Maret G.; Yates, Katherine; Cummings, Oscar W.; Molleston, Jean; Liu, Wanqing; Chalasani, Naga

2014-01-01

Vitamin E improved liver histology in children and adults with NAFLD who participated in TONIC and PIVENS clinical trials, but with significant inter-individual variability in its efficacy. Cytochrome P450 4F2 (CYP4F2) is the major enzyme metabolizing Vit E, with two common genetic variants (V433M, rs2108622 and W12G, rs3093105) found to alter its activity. We investigated the relationship between CYP4F2 genotypes, α-tocopherol levels and histological improvement in these two trials. V433M and W12G variants were genotyped in TONIC (n = 155) and PIVENS (n = 213) DNA samples. The relationships between CYP4F2 genotypes, plasma α-tocopherol levels at baseline and weeks 48 (w48) and 96 (w96) and histological end points (overall improvement in liver histology and resolution of NASH) were investigated. As a result, the V433M genotype was significantly associated with baseline plasma α-tocopherol in the TONIC trial (p = 0.004), but not in PIVENS. Among those receiving Vit E treatment, CYP4F2 V433M genotype was associated with significantly decreased plasma α-tocopherol levels at w48 (p = 0.003 for PIVENS and p = 0.026 for TONIC) but not at w96. The w96 α-tocopherol level was significantly associated with resolution of NASH (p = 0.006) and overall histology improvement (p = 0.021)in the PIVENS, but not in the TONIC trial. There was no significant association between CYP4F2 genotypes and histological end points in either trial. Our study suggested the a moderate role of CYP4F2 polymorphisms in affecting the pharmacokinetics of Vit E as a therapeutic agent. In addition, there may be age-dependent relationship between CYP4F2 genetic variability and Vit E pharmacokinetics in NAFLD. PMID:24759732

Effects of co-supplementation of vitamins E and C on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rat.

PubMed

Kadkhodaee, Mehri; Khastar, Hossein; Faghihi, Mahdieh; Ghaznavi, Rana; Zahmatkesh, Maryam

2005-07-01

Gentamicin (GM) is an effective antibiotic against severe gram-negative infections. However it can produce nephrotoxicity in human. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been proposed as the causative factors of the renal side effects the drug. This study was performed to investigate the protective role of antioxidant vitamins against GM-mediated nephropathy in an in situ model of isolated rat kidney. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of the following groups of seven rats: group 1 (Control) was perfused with Tyrode solution; group 2 (GM), 200 microg ml(-1) GM was added to the perfusate; group 3 (GM + Vit C), as group 2 with vitamin C added to the drinking water for 3 days (200 mg l(-1)) and to the perfusate (100 mg l(-1)); group 4 (GM + Vit E), as group 2 with vitamin E (100 mg (100 g body weight)(-1), i.m.) injected 12 h before the start of the experiment; group 5 (GM + Vit C + Vit E) as group 2 with vitamin E and C co-administered (concentrations and conditions as in groups 3 and 4). To compare the groups, urinary lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), N-acetyle-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, inulin clearance (glomerular filtration rate, GFR) and renal tissue glutathione (GSH) content were measured. GM caused a significant nephrotoxicity demonstrated by an increase in urinary LDH, NAG and ALP activities. Reduction in GSH content and a marked decrease in GFR were observed compared to controls. Vitamin C inhibited the GM-induced increase in urinary enzyme activities but did not show a significant effect on the GSH content or GFR. Vitamin E prevented the GM-induced reduction in GSH level without a significant improvement in GFR. Co-administration of vitamins C and E significantly prevented the GM-induced nephrotoxicity demonstrating by preservation of GFR and GSH levels and prevention of increase in urinary enzyme activities. We conclude that co-administration of moderate doses of vitamins C and E has beneficial effects on renal preservation in GM-induced nephrotoxicity.

Acute administration of vitamin C abrogates protection from ischemic preconditioning in rabbits.

PubMed

Tsovolas, Konstantinos; Iliodromitis, Efstathios K; Andreadou, Ioanna; Zoga, Anastasia; Demopoulou, Maritina; Iliodromitis, Konstantinos E; Manolaki, Theodora; Markantonis, Sophia L; Kremastinos, Dimitrios Th

2008-04-01

Vitamin C is considered to be an antioxidant agent that is broadly used. Free radicals are involved in the protective mechanism of preconditioning (PC), but some antioxidant compounds abolish this benefit. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of vitamin C on the protective effect of PC with respect to infarct size and oxidative stress in anesthetized rabbits. Male rabbits were randomly divided into six groups and subjected to 30 min of myocardial ischemia and 3h of reperfusion with the following interventions per group: (1) Control (no intervention), (2) Vit C 150 group (i.v. vitamin C at a total dose of 150 mg/kg for 75 min, starting 40 min before the onset of long ischemia and lasting up to the 5th min of reperfusion), (3) Vit C 300 group (i.v. vitamin C at a total dose of 300 mg/kg as previously described), (4) PC group (two cycles of 5 min ischemia and 10 min reperfusion), (5) combined PC-Vit C 150 group and (6) combined PC-Vit C 300 group. Blood samples were taken at different time points for malondialdehyde (MDA) assessment as a lipid peroxidation marker and for superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. At the end of the experiment the infarct size was determined. Vitamin C, at both doses, did not reduce the infarct size (35.5+/-4.1%, 38.3+/-7.0% vs. 44.9+/-3.3% in the control group) and diminished the protection afforded by PC (32.0+/-2.7%, 43.8+/-3.3% vs. 15.7+/-2.9% in the PC group, P<0.05). At reperfusion there was an elevation of circulating MDA levels in the control and PC groups while in both vitamin C groups the levels were decreased. SOD activity was enhanced in the PC group compared to the controls; vitamin C did not change SOD activity during ischemia-reperfusion. Vitamin C abrogates the beneficial effect of ischemic PC on infarct size and elicits antioxidant properties during ischemia-reperfusion.

Effect of vitamin D supplementation on oral glucose tolerance in individuals with low vitamin D status and increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes (EVIDENCE): A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

PubMed

Moreira-Lucas, Tracy S; Duncan, Alison M; Rabasa-Lhoret, Rémi; Vieth, Reinhold; Gibbs, Alison L; Badawi, Alaa; Wolever, Thomas M S

2017-01-01

Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin-D (25(OH)D) concentrations are associated with insulin resistance, β-cell dysfunction and type 2 diabetes. We conducted a 24-week double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial to examine the effect of 28 000 IU of vitamin D 3 once weekly on plasma glucose after a 2 hour-75 g oral glucose tolerance test (2hrPC glucose), insulin sensitivity and β-cell function. A total of 71 participants with serum 25(OH)D ≤65 nmol/L, impaired fasting glucose and elevated glycated hemoglobin were randomly assigned to receive 28 000 IU of vitamin D 3 (VitD; n = 35) or placebo (n = 36) in cheese once weekly for 24 weeks. The primary outcome was the change in 2hPC glucose. Secondary outcomes were fasting glucose, fasting and postprandial insulin, indices of insulin sensitivity and β-cell function, glycated hemoglobin and lipid profile. Participants underwent an oral glucose tolerance test to determine 2hPC glucose. Mean baseline serum 25(OH)D was 48.1 and 47.6 nmol/L in the VitD and placebo groups, respectively. Serum 25(OH)D significantly increased to 98.7 nmol/L (51 nmol/L increase; P < .0001) in the VitD group. No significant differences in fasting ( P = .42) or 2hPC glucose ( P = .55) or other indices of glucose metabolism, including β-cell function and insulin sensitivity, were observed between groups. A subgroup analysis of individuals with 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L and prediabetes did not change these results. The VitD group exhibited a significant reduction in LDL cholesterol (-0.27 vs 0.01 mmol/L, P = .03). Weekly doses of vitamin D 3 in individuals with suboptimal vitamin D levels who were at risk for type 2 diabetes did not improve oral glucose tolerance or markers of glycaemic status. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Role of Wnt4/β-catenin, Ang II/TGFβ, ACE2, NF-κB, and IL-18 in attenuating renal ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury in rats treated with Vit D and pioglitazone.

PubMed

Ali, Rabab M; Al-Shorbagy, Muhammad Y; Helmy, Maged W; El-Abhar, Hanan S

2018-07-15

Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/RI) remains a critical clinical situation. Several evidence revealed the potential reno-protective effects of Vitamin D and/or pioglitazone, on renal I/RI. This study addresses the possible involvement of the Wnt4/β-catenin signaling, p-S536NF-κBp65, PPARγ, Ang II/TGF-β, and ACE2 as potential effectors to vitamin D and pioglitazone-mediated renoprotective effects. Two sets of Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 30 rat each), were randomized into sham, I/R, Vit D "alfacalcidol" (5 ng/kg/day), pioglitazone (5 mg/kg/day), and Vit D + pioglitazone groups. In all groups renal biochemical parameters, as well as inflammatory and structural profiles were assessed, besides the expression/contents of Wnt4/β-catenin and pS536-NF-κBp65. All treatments started 7 days before I/RI and animals were killed 24 h after I/RI in the first set, while those in the 2nd set continued their treatments for 14 days. After 24 h, all pre-treatments impeded theI/R effect on neutrophils recruitment, p-S536NF-κBp65, IL-18, NGAL, caspase-3, AngII, ACE-2, PPARγ and TGF-β, besides the expression of Wnt4 and ACE-2 with notable reflection on histological changes. Two weeks after I/RI, except a marked up regulation in Wnt4 expression and a striking elevation in the β-catenin content, the magnitude of the injurious events was relatively less pronounced, an effect that was mostly augmented by the different treatments. The current study pledges a promising and novel reno-protective role of the administration of Vit D and pioglitazone entailing a potential involvement of ICAM-1, MPO, NF-κB, Ang II, ACE2, TGFβ, and a modulation of Wnt4/β-catenin pathway. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

7D.09: REDUCED VIT D AND ELEVATED URICEMIA INDUCE CAPILLARY RAREFACTION BEFORE MACROVASCULAR DAMAGE IN PATIENTS WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME AT THE VERY EARLY STAGES OF HYPERTENSION.

PubMed

Nazzaro, P; Schirosi, G; De Benedittis, L; Mezzapesa, D; Federico, F

2015-06-01

Reduced (L) Vit D (D) and high (H) uric acid (U) levels have been associate with increased cardiovascular risk. Aim of the study was to highlight their association with the subclinical vascular damage in untreated recently diagnosed very mild hypertensives with a similar number of metabolic syndrome factors (nATPIII). By medical visit and identification of the metabolic syndrome factors, 238 very mild hypertensives (136 ± 15/84 ± 9 mmHg), 62 controls with normal (N) D and U, 96 with LD, 40 with HU and 40 with both the conditions (LDHU) with similar metabolic assessment, underwent measures of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV), ankle-brachial index (ABI), carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), as indices of functional and structural arterial damage, and videocapillaroscopy of the middle and distal phalangeal skin of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th finger of the non-dominant hand during baseline (CAP) and venous congestion (CVC) obtaining capillary recruitment (REC) as indices of functional and structural microcirculatory damage. Patients showed a similar hypertensive state during the medical visit and ABPM but different capillary indices.(m ± s:d.*:p<.05, **:p < .01, ***:p < .001 vs NDNU; °:p < .05, °°:p < .01, °°°:p < .001 vs LDNU;^p < .05, ^^:p < .01, ^^^:p < .001 vs NDHU).(Figure is included in full-text article.)Pearson analysis showed the association between Vit D and CVC (.440*) and REC (.335***) in LDNU and with CVC (631***) and REC (.666*) in LDHU as well as between U and CAP (-.470*) in NDHU and (-606*) in LDHU. The results suggest that, in very mild hypertensives with metabolic syndrome, reduced Vit D is associate to structural microvascular damage before the onset of structural or functional macrovascular impairment. Hyperuricemia show a lower microcirculatory damage but this is amplified in patients with both the disorders (LDHU).

Dietary antioxidants and the biochemical response to oxidant inhalation. II. Influence of dietary selenium on the biochemical effects of ozone exposure in mouse lung

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Elsayed, N.M.; Hacker, A.D.; Kuehn, K.

The influence of dietary selenium (Se) on the pulmonary biochemical response to ozone (O/sub 3/) exposure was examined. For 11 weeks, weanling female strain A/St mice were fed a test diet containing Se either at 0 ppm (-Se) or 1 ppm (+Se). Each diet contained 55 ppm vitamin E (vit E). Mice from each dietary group were exposed to 0.8 +/- 0.05 ppm (1568 +/- 98 micrograms/m3) O/sub 3/ continuously for 5 days. After O/sub 3/ exposure, they were killed along with a matched number of unexposed controls, and their lungs were analyzed for various biochemical parameters. The Se contentsmore » of lung tissue and whole blood were determined, and the levels were seven- to eightfold higher in +Se mice than in -Se mice, reflecting the Se intake of the animals. In unexposed control mice, Se deficiency caused a decline in glutathione peroxidase (GP) activity relative to +Se group. After O/sub 3/ exposure, the GP activity in the -Se group was associated with a lack of stimulation of glutathione reductase (GR) activity and the pentose phosphate cycle (PPC) as assessed by measuring glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) activities. In contrast, the +Se group after O/sub 3/ exposure exhibited increases in all four enzyme activities. Other parameters, e.g., lung weight, total lung protein, DNA and nonprotein sulfhydryl contents, and O/sub 2/ consumption, were not affected by dietary Se in the presence or absence of O/sub 3/ exposure. The data indicate that dietary Se alters the GP activity, which in turn influences the GR and PPC activities in the lung evidently through a reduced demand for NADPH. The level of vit E in the lung was found to be twofold higher in the -Se group than in the +Se group, suggesting a compensatory relationship between Se and vit E in the lung. With O3 exposure, both Se and vit E contents further increased in the lungs of each dietary group.« less

Interactions of ozone and antineoplastic drugs on rat lung fibroblasts and Walker rat carcinoma cells

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wenzel, D.G.; Morgan, D.L.

Cultured rat lung fibroblasts (F-cells) and Walker rat carcinoma cells (WRC-cells) labeled with /sup 51/Cr were exposed to the following antitumor drugs alone or with O/sub 3/: carmustine (BCNU), doxorubicin (Dox), cisplatin (CPt), mitomycin C (Mit C) or vitamin K/sub 3/ (Vit K). Release of /sup 51/Cr (cell injury) was greater for F-cells than WRC-cells with any single treatment. Pretreatment with any drug (400 microM), except for Vit K with WRC-cells, did not significantly increase O/sub 3/-induced loss of /sup 51/Cr. Co-exposure of F-cells to drugs and O/sub 3/ resulted in a marked potentiation of O/sub 3/-induced injury with Vitmore » K, and an inhibition with Dox.« less

STUDIES ON THE INFLUENCE OF X-RAY IRRADIATION IN VIT. B$sub 2$ METABOLISM. I. INFLUENCE OF VIT. B$sub 2$ DISTRIBUTION IN ORGANS OF RATS

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yokoyama, K.; Kusumoto, T.; Nakamura, J.

X rays were directed to the liver region of albino rats. The distribution of vitamin B/sub 2/ in the liver, kidney, intestine, heart, spleen, and blood was investigated 6, 12, 18, and 24 hr after the irradiation. Total vitamin B/sub 2/ increased in these organs except in the blood; flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and free riboflavin (FR) increased without exception, and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) decreased except in the spleen, that is, abnormal distribution of vitamin B/sub 2/ fractions was significant except in the spleen. Successive estimations of the fractions suggest that the metabolic disturbances by irradiation occur in the reactionmore » FMN - FAD initially, then in FR - FMN and FR - FAD. (Absts. Japan. Med., 1: No. 7, 1960.)« less

Effect of exercise training on saliva brain derived neurotrophic factor, catalase and vitamin c.

PubMed

Babaei, Parvin; Damirchi, Arsalan; Soltani Tehrani, Bahram; Nazari, Yazgaldi; Sariri, Reyhaneh; Hoseini, Rastegar

2016-01-01

Background: The balance between production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and antioxidant defense in the body has important health implications. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in salivary antioxidants: catalase, vitamin C and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), in sedentary men at rest and after acute exhaustive exercise. Methods: This randomized controlled clinical trial (The registry code IRCT2011053212431N1) recruited twenty-five sedentary men (age=21±3yrs; height=172±8cm; weight=66±9kg; VO2 max=37.6±7.4mL•kgkg -1 •min -1 ) participated in a double-blind randomized experiment. Unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected before, immediately and 1 hour after exhaustive treadmill running. Catalase, vitamin C (Vit C) concentration, and BDNF concentrations were determined using biochemical assays and ELISA respectively. Repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni posthoc test were used to analyze data. Results: The results of the present study showed that an acute intensive exercise causes a reduction in salivary catalase, Vit C and also BDNF concentration (p<0.05) compared with pre-exercise. Both catalase and Vit C showed a tendency to return to pre-exercise value after one hour. However, BDNF continued to reduction at least 1 hour after the ending of the training. Conclusion: Reduction in antioxidants capacity of saliva might reflects disturbance in natural antioxidant defense mechanisms of the body after an acute intensive physical stress and possible further health threatening consequences.

Action of an antioxidant complex on the antioxidant power of saliva.

PubMed

Cornelli, U; Belcaro, G; Nardi, G M; Cesarone, M R; Dugall, M; Hosoi, M; Grossi, M G; Ippolito, E; Ledda, A; Ruffini, I

2010-06-01

Based on the results of the soluble antioxidants test (SAT), we have produced a combination of oral antioxidants aimed at increasing the antioxidant power of saliva. Several antioxidants are included in this product (Vit E, beta-carotene, Vit A, Vit C, polyphenols, cathechins, ellagic acid, anthocyanins, coenzyme Q10 and pyridoxine in association with Se, Zn, L-cysteine). The aim of this registry study was to evaluate the efficacy of these antioxidants in saliva, plasma and urines. MF Odontovis, an antioxidant complex, was administered to healthy subjects in the evening for one week with a final administration in the morning. Plasma, urine and saliva showed an increase in antioxidant power following both the evening administration and the final morning administration. The antioxidant action appeared to be present even at night when salival secretion is lower. Plasma SAT levels (SATs) in the morning following evening treatment were increased by 21% in comparison with controls. Morning administration increased levels up to 34% when measured 4 hours after treatment. Comparable increases were observed in saliva (SATs and morning values were +44 %; +58% two hours after morning administration and +28 % after 4 hours). In urine the evening administration caused an increase in antioxidant power (+6%). This study indicated that antioxidant levels can be increased with specific nutritional supplement. The clinical value of an increased antioxidant power in biological fluids, particularly in saliva, may be relevant for future trials of prevention and treatment.

MODIS-derived EVI, NDVI and WDRVI time series to estimate phenological metrics in French deciduous forests

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Testa, S.; Soudani, K.; Boschetti, L.; Borgogno Mondino, E.

2018-02-01

Monitoring forest phenology allows us to study the effects of climate change on vegetated land surfaces. Daily and composite time series (TS) of several vegetation indices (VIs) from MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data have been widely used in scientific works for phenological studies since the beginning of the MODIS mission. The objective of this work was to use MODIS data to find the best VI/TS combination to estimate start-of-season (SOS) and end-of-season (EOS) dates across 50 temperate deciduous forests. Our research used as inputs 2001-2012 daily reflectance from MOD09GQ/MOD09GA products and 16-day composite VIs from the MOD13Q1 dataset. The 50 pixels centered on the 50 forest plots were extracted from the above-mentioned MODIS imagery; we then generated 5 different types of TS (1 daily from MOD09 and 4 composite from MOD13Q1) and used all of them to implement 6 VIs, obtaining 30 VI/TS combinations. SOS and EOS estimates were determined for each pixel/year and each VI/TS combination. SOS/EOS estimations were then validated against ground phenological observations. Results showed that, in our test areas, composite TS, if actual acquisition date is considered, performed mostly better than daily TS. EVI, WDRVI0.20 and NDVI were more suitable to SOS estimation, while WDRVI0.05 and EVI were more convenient in estimating early and advanced EOS, respectively.

Successful synthesis of active human coagulation factor VII by co-expression of mammalian gamma-glutamyl carboxylase and modification of vit.K cycle in Drosophila Schneider S2 cells.

PubMed

Nagahashi, Kotomi; Umemura, Kazuo; Kanayama, Naohiro; Iwaki, Takayuki

2017-04-01

Mammalian gamma-glutamyl carboxylase and reduced vitamin K are indispensable for synthesis of mature mammalian vitamin K dependent proteins including some of blood coagulation factors (factors II, VII, IX, and X). It was well known that Drosophila melanogaster expressed gamma-glutamyl carboxylase and possessed a vit.K cycle although native substrates for them have not been identified yet. Despite the potential capability of gamma carboxylation in D. melanogaster derived cells such as S2 cells, Drosophila gamma-glutamyl carboxylase failed to gamma carboxylate a peptide fused to the human coagulation factor IX propeptide. Thus, it had been believed that the Drosophila system was not adequate to synthesize mammalian vit.K dependent proteins. Indeed, we previously attempted to synthesize biologically active factor VII in S2 cells although we were not able to obtain it. However, recently, a successful transient expression of biologically active human factor IX from S2 cells was reported. In the present study, several expression vectors which enable expressing mammalian GGCX, VKORC1, and/or PDIA2 along with F7 were developed. S2 cells transfected with pMKA85, pMAK86, and pMAK219 successfully synthesized active FVII. Thus, mammalian GGCX was indispensable to synthesize active FVII while mammalian VKORC1 and PDIA2 were not critical but supportive factors for S2 cells.

The Effectivity of Green Coconut Water To Reduce Mercury Level In The Blood And To Improve Blood Profiles And Liver Cells Appearance (Study In Sprague Dawley Rats)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abdulrzag, Ehmeeda M.; Nur Kristina, Tri; Suwondo, Ari; Sunoko, Henna Rya

2018-02-01

When people are exposed to mercury chloride, it can produce a variety of health effects in the blood and liver. Coconut water contains Zn, Fe, Vit. C, Vit B11, Vit. B6, and Se to reduce mercury chloride level in the blood and improve blood profile and liver cells. Aim of this study was to analysis the effect of green coconut water supplementation in overcoming the toxic effect of Hg chlorid in the blood and liver of Sprague dawley rats exposed to Hg chloride. Samples were randomly about 36 animals rats exposed to HgCl2 through forced feeding by 20 mg/kgBW sondage per day for 14 days, which divided into control group, and intervention groups were given fresh green coconut water in each by 6, 8, and 10 mL/kgBW for intervention 7 and 17 days. The result of this study showed that there is a significant effect and the decrease in mercury levels in the blood. There is no significant affect on the hemoglobin level, hematocrit level and platelet count with the treatment of green coconut water in the mice with exposure Hg. There is no significant effect between treatments using green coconut water with SGPT levels; there is a decrease in SGPT levels at the increasing number of doses of green coconut water and the length of treatment.

Vitamin-loaded electrospun cellulose acetate nanofiber mats as transdermal and dermal therapeutic agents of vitamin A acid and vitamin E.

PubMed

Taepaiboon, Pattama; Rungsardthong, Uracha; Supaphol, Pitt

2007-09-01

The present contribution reports the use of mats of electrospun cellulose acetate (CA; acetyl content=39.8%; Mw=30,000 Da) nanofibers as carriers for delivery of the model vitamins, all-trans retinoic acid or vitamin A acid (Retin-A) and alpha-tocopherol or vitamin E (Vit-E). The amounts of Vit-E and Retin-A loaded in the base CA solution [17% w/v in 2:1 v/v acetone/N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc)] were 5 and 0.5 wt% (based on the weight of CA), respectively. Cross-sectionally round and smooth fibers were obtained. The average diameters of these fibers ranged between 247 and 265 nm. The total immersion of the vitamin-loaded as-spun CA fiber mats in the acetate buffer solutions containing either 0.5 vol % Tween 80 or 0.5 vol % Tween 80 and 10 vol % methanol was used to arrive at the cumulative release of the vitamins from the fiber mat samples. The same was also conducted on the vitamin-loaded solution-cast CA films for comparison. In most cases, the vitamin-loaded as-spun fiber mats exhibited a gradual and monotonous increase in the cumulative release of the vitamins over the test periods (i.e., 24 h for Vit-E-loaded samples and 6 h for Retin-A-loaded ones), while the corresponding as-cast films exhibited a burst release of the vitamins.

Feeding the insect industry

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

This article reports the use of insect colloidal artificial diets suitable for the rearing of economically important arthropods, such as Lygus lineolaris, Lygus hesperus, Coleomegilla maculata, and Phytoseiulus persimilis The different diets contain key nutrients such as proteins, carbohydrates, vit...

Hepatoprotective effect of Bacoside-A, a major constituent of Bacopa monniera Linn.

PubMed

Sumathi, T; Nongbri, A

2008-10-01

Bacoside-A (B-A) was evaluated for its hepatoprotective activity against d-GalN induced liver injury in rats. B-A is a major constituent isolated from the plant Bacopa monniera Linn. B-A (10mg/kg of body weight) was administered orally once daily for 21 days and then d-GalN (300 mg/kg of body weight) was injected on 21st day after final administration of B-A. B-A reduces the elevated levels of serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (gamma-GT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), 5'nucleotidase (5'ND). In addition B-A also significantly restored towards normalization of the decreased levels of Vit-C, and Vit-E induced by d-GalN both in liver and plasma. These results suggest that B-A has hepatoprotective effect against d-GalN induced hepatotoxicity in rats.

Carbon storage and sequestration by trees in VIT University campus

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Saral, A. Mary; SteffySelcia, S.; Devi, Keerthana

2017-11-01

The present study addresses carbon storage and sequestration by trees grown in VIT University campus, Vellore. Approximately twenty trees were selected from Woodstockarea. The above ground biomass and below ground biomass were calculated. The above ground biomass includes non-destructive anddestructive sampling. The Non-destructive method includes the measurement of height of thetree and diameter of the tree. The height of the tree is calculated using Total Station instrument and diameter is calculated using measuring tape. In the destructive method the weight of samples (leaves) and sub-samples (fruits, flowers) of the tree were considered. To calculate the belowground biomass soil samples are taken and analyzed. The results obtained were used to predict the carbon storage. It was found that out of twenty tree samples Millingtonia hortensis which is commonly known as Cork tree possess maximum carbon storage (14.342kg/tree) and carbon sequestration (52.583kg/tree) respectively.

Vibration isolation technology: An executive summary of systems development and demonstration

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Grodsinsky, Carlos M.; Logsdon, Kirk A.; Lubomski, Joseph F.

1993-01-01

A program was organized to develop the enabling technologies needed for the use of Space Station Freedom as a viable microgravity experimental platform. One of these development programs was the Vibration Isolation Technology (VIT). This technology development program grew because of increased awareness that the acceleration disturbances present on the Space Transportation System (STS) orbiter can and are detrimental to many microgravity experiments proposed for STS, and in the future, Space Station Freedom (SSF). Overall technological organization are covered of the VIT program. Emphasis is given to the results from development and demonstration of enabling technologies to achieve the acceleration requirements perceived as those most likely needed for a variety of microgravity science experiments. In so doing, a brief summary of general theoretical approaches to controlling the acceleration environment of an isolated space based payload and the design and/or performance of two prototype six degree of freedom active magnetic isolation systems is presented.

Photon number dependent group velocity in vacuum induced transparency

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lauk, Nikolai; Fleischhauer, Michael

2015-05-01

Vacuum induced transparency (VIT) is an effect which occurs in an ensemble of three level atoms in a Λ configuration that interact with two quantized fields. Coupling of one transition to a cavity mode induces transparency for the second field on the otherwise opaque transition similar to the well known EIT effect. In the strong coupling regime even an empty cavity leads to transparency, in contrast to EIT where the presence of a strong control field is required. This transparency is accompanied by a reduction of the group velocity for the propagating field. However, unlike in EIT the group velocity in VIT depends on the number of incoming photons, i.e. different photon number components propagate with different velocities. Here we investigate the possibility of using this effect to spatially separate different photon number components of an initially coherent pulse. We present the results of our calculations and discuss a possible experimental realization.

Vibration isolation technology - An executive summary of systems development and demonstration

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Grodsinsky, C. M.; Logsdon, K. A.; Lubomski, J. F.

1993-01-01

A program was organized to develop the enabling technologies needed for the use of Space Station Freedom as a viable microgravity experimental platform. One of these development programs was the Vibration Isolation Technology (VIT). This technology development program grew because of increased awareness that the acceleration disturbances present on the Space Transportation System (STS) orbiter can and are detrimental to many microgravity experiments proposed for STS, and in the future, Space Station Freedom (SSF). Overall technological organization are covered of the VIT program. Emphasis is given to the results from development and demonstration of enabling technologies to achieve the acceleration requirements perceived as those most likely needed for a variety of microgravity science experiments. In so doing, a brief summary of general theoretical approaches to controlling the acceleration environment of an isolated space based payload and the design and/or performance of two prototype six degree of freedom active magnetic isolation systems is presented.

Sequential variable fuel injection

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Weglarz, M.W.; Vincent, M.T.; Prestel, J.F.

This patent describes a fuel injection system for an engine of an automotive vehicle including cylinders, a spark plug for each of the cylinders, a distributor electrically connected to the spark plug, a throttle body having a throttle valve connected to the engine to allow or prevent air to the cylinders, a fuel source at least one fuel line connected to the fuel source, fuel injectors connected to the fuel line for delivering fuel to the cylinders, a sensor located near the distributor for sensing predetermined states of the distributor, and an electronic control unit (ECU) electrically connected to themore » sensor, distributor and fuel injectors. It comprises calculating a desired total injector on time for current engine conditions; calculating a variable injection time (VIT) and a turn on time based on the VIT; and firing the fuel injectors at the calculated turn on time for the calculated total injector on time.« less

The Relationship between Vitamin D and Muscle Size and Strength in Patients on Hemodialysis

PubMed Central

Gordon, Patricia L.; Sakkas, Giorgos K.; Doyle, Julie W.; Shubert, Tiffany; Johansen, Kirsten L.

2007-01-01

OBJECTIVE Vitamin D has various actions in skeletal muscle. The purpose of this study was to compare lower limb muscle size and strength in hemodialysis (HD) patients being treated with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (calcitriol) or a 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D analog (paricalcitol) to HD patients who were receiving none. DESIGN This was a retrospective cross-sectional study. SETTING Outpatient hemodialysis centers. PATIENTS HD patients receiving calcitriol or paricalcitol (active vitamin D) for control of secondary hyperparathyroidism (VitD, n = 49) were compared to HD patients who were not (n = 30). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Cross-sectional areas (CSA) of thigh and tibialis anterior muscles by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and three measures of strength; three-repetition maximum (3RM) for knee extension (isotonic), peak torque of knee extensors (isokinetic), and maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) of the ankle dorsiflexor muscles (isometric). RESULTS There were no differences in age, weight, dialysis vintage, or intact parathyroid hormone levels between the groups, although serum albumin was higher in the VitD group (p <0.05). Patients in the VitD group had larger thigh muscle CSA (p < 0.05) and were stronger across all strength measures (p< 0.05) after controlling for age and gender (ANCOVA). When all analyses were subsequently adjusted for serum albumin concentration, only the difference in 3RM knee extension strength lost significance. There were no significant differences in any measurements between patients who received calcitriol or paricalcitol. CONCLUSION Treatment with active vitamin D was associated with greater muscle size and strength in this cohort of HD patients. PMID:17971312

Vitamin D Status Relates to Reproductive Outcome in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Secondary Analysis of a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial

PubMed Central

Zhang, Heping; Williams, Joanne; Santoro, Nanette F.; Diamond, Michael P.; Schlaff, William D.; Coutifaris, Christos; Carson, Sandra A.; Steinkampf, Michael P.; Carr, Bruce R.; McGovern, Peter G.; Cataldo, Nicholas A.; Gosman, Gabriella G.; Nestler, John E.; Myers, Evan; Legro, Richard S.

2016-01-01

Context: Experimental evidence supports a relevance of vitamin D (VitD) for reproduction; however, data in humans are sparse and inconsistent. Objective: To assess the relationship of VitD status with ovulation induction (OI) outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Design: A retrospective cohort. Setting: Secondary analysis of randomized controlled trial data. Participants: Participants in the Pregnancy in PCOS I (PPCOS I) randomized controlled trial (n = 540) met the National Institutes of Health diagnostic criteria for PCOS. Interventions: Serum 25OHD levels were measured in stored sera. Main Outcome Measures: Primary, live birth (LB); secondary, ovulation and pregnancy loss after OI. Results: Likelihood for LB was reduced by 44% for women if the 25OHD level was < 30 ng/mL (<75 nmol/L; odds ratio [OR], 0.58 [0.35–0.92]). Progressive improvement in the odds for LB was noted at thresholds of ≥38 ng/mL (≥95 nmol/L; OR, 1.42 [1.08–1.8]), ≥40 ng/mL (≥100 nmol/L; OR, 1.51 [1.05–2.17]), and ≥45 ng/mL (≥112.5 nmol/L; OR, 4.46 [1.27–15.72]). On adjusted analyses, VitD status was an independent predictor of LB and ovulation after OI. Conclusions: In women with PCOS, serum 25OHD was an independent predictor of measures of reproductive success after OI. Our data identify reproductive thresholds for serum 25OHD that are higher than recommended for the nonpregnant population. PMID:27186859

Laboratory markers of mast cell and basophil activation in monitoring rush immunotherapy in bee venom-allergic children.

PubMed

Cichocka-Jarosz, Ewa; Dorynska, Agnieszka; Pietrzyk, Jacek J; Spiewak, Radoslaw

2011-08-01

To evaluate markers of mast cell and basophil activation in children undergoing the initial phase of honeybee venom immunotherapy (VIT). Five children (four boys and one girl) aged 9.5-18 years with severe systemic bee sting reactions and confirmed IgE-mediated allergy were enrolled. Plasma and urine concentrations of 9α,11β-PGF2 and serum tryptase levels were measured at four time points and peripheral blood basophil count and CD63 expression were measured at three time points in the course of VIT, including 5-day rush initial immunotherapy (cumulative dose of 223 µg of bee venom allergen) and two subsequent maintenance doses of 100 µg. In the first 40 days of VIT, there was a decrease in mean plasma levels of 9α,11β-PGF2 (from 41.5 to 27.9 pg/ml; p < 0.05), accompanied by an increase in baseline basophil activation (from 2 to 15%; p < 0.05). The median serum tryptase levels increased from 3.45 to 4.40 ng/ml during rush phase and subsequently returned to initial values (statistically not significant). In four patients, the basophil activation test in response to bee venom allergens remained positive throughout the study. The fifth patient was basophil activation test-negative at all three measurements, and a post hoc analysis revealed clinical peculiarities that are discussed in the paper. Our preliminary results indicate that plasma levels of 9α,11β-PGF2 decrease while numbers of activated basophils increase during the initial phase of bee venom rush immunotherapy in children.

TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL VARIABILITY IN THE ESTROGENICITY OF A MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER EFFLUENT

EPA Science Inventory

Estrogenicity of a municipal wastewater effluent was monitored using the vitellogenin biomarker in adult male fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas). Variability in expression of the vitellogenin biomarker was evident among monitoring periods. Significant increases in plasma vit...

Human single follicle growth in vitro from cryopreserved ovarian tissue after slow freezing or vitrification.

PubMed

Wang, Tian-ren; Yan, Jie; Lu, Cui-ling; Xia, Xi; Yin, Tai-lang; Zhi, Xu; Zhu, Xiao-hui; Ding, Ting; Hu, Wei-hong; Guo, Hong-yan; Li, Rong; Yan, Li-ying; Qiao, Jie

2016-04-01

What is the effect of human ovarian tissue cryopreservation on single follicular development in vitro? Vitrification had a greater negative effect on growth and gene expression of human ovarian follicles when compared with fresh follicles. For human ovarian cortex cryopreservation, the conventional option is slow freezing while more recently vitrification has been demonstrated to maintain good quality and function of ovarian tissues. Ovarian tissues were collected from 11 patients. For every patient, the ovarian cortex was divided into three samples: Fresh, slow-rate freezing (Slow) and vitrification (Vit). Tissue histology was performed and follicles were isolated for single-cell mRNA analysis and in vitro culture (IVC) in 1% alginate for 8 days. Follicle morphology was assessed with hematoxylin-eosin analysis. Follicles were individually embedded in alginate (1% w/v) and cultured in vitro for 8 days. Follicle survival and growth were assessed by microscopy. Follicle viability was observed after Calcein-AM and ethidium homodimer-I (Ca-AM/EthD-I) staining. Expression of genes, including GDF9 (growth differentiation factor 9), BMP15 (bone morphogenetic protein 15) and ZP3 (zona pellucida glycoprotein 3) in oocytes and AMH (anti-Mullerian hormone), FSHR (FSH receptor), CYP11A (cholesterol side-chain cleavage cytochrome P450) and STAR (steroidogenic acute regulatory protein) in GCs, was evaluated by single-cell mRNA analysis. A total of 129 follicles were separated from ovarian cortex (Fresh n = 44; Slow n = 40; Vit n = 45). The percentage of damaged oocytes and granulosa cells was significantly higher in both the Slow and Vit groups, as compared with Fresh control (P< 0.05). The growth of follicles in vitro was significantly delayed in the Vit group compared with the Fresh group (P< 0.05). Both slow freezing (P< 0.05) and vitrification (P< 0.05) down-regulated the mRNA levels of ZP3 and CYP11A compared with Fresh group, while there was no significant difference between the Slow and Vit groups (P> 0.05). Vitrification also down-regulates AMH mRNA levels compared with Fresh group (P< 0.05). Only short-term IVC studies (8 days) are reported. Further study should be performed to examine and improve follicular development in a long-term culture system after cryopreservation. This is the first comparison of gene expression and growth of single human ovarian follicles in vitro after either slow freezing or vitrification. With the decreased gene expression and growth during IVC, damage by cryopreservation still exists and needs to be minimized during the long-term IVC of follicles in the future for eventual clinical application. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31230047, 81571386, 81471508, 31429004 and 81501247), National Natural Science Foundation of Beijing (7142166) and Mega-projects of Science Research for the 12th five-year plan (2012ba132b05). There are no conflicts of interest to declare. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Influence of Moringa oleifera extract, vitamin C, and sodium bicarbonate on heat stress-induced HSP70 expression and cellular immune response in rabbits.

PubMed

Abdel-Latif, Mahmoud; Sakran, Thabet; Badawi, Yasser K; Abdel-Hady, Doaa S

2018-05-04

The current study aimed to test the effect of Moringa oleifera extract (MOE), vitamin (Vit) C, and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3 ) on heat stress (HS)-induced alterations in rabbits. Five groups of rabbits were designed as control, HS, HS + MOE, HS + Vit C, and HS + NaHCO 3 . HS groups were exposed to high temperatures, while treatments were given in drinking water for 6 weeks. Levels of blood cortisol, leptin, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-10 were assayed using ELISA, while adrenaline was assayed calorimetrically. Expression of HSP70, FOXP3, T cell receptor (TCR) γ, and δ mRNA was tested using real-time (RT)-PCR, while HSP70 protein expression was tested using western blotting in liver and kidney tissues. Infiltration of regulatory T cells (Treg; CD25 + ) and NK (CD56 + ) cells were tested using immunohistochemistry (IHC). The levels of liver enzymes (ALT & AST), urea, and creatinine were assayed calorimetrically, while body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were calculated. The results showed increased levels of cortisol, adrenaline, leptin, IFN-γ, TNF-α, ALT, AST, urea, and creatinine but decreased IL-10 in the HS group. Increased expression of HSP70 on both mRNA and protein levels was associated with increased NK and γδ T cells versus decreased Treg cell infiltration in liver and kidney tissues of the HS group. In the same group, BWG was decreased, while FCR was increased with respect to the control group. All treatments used in this study reversed the effects of HS significantly. In conclusion, MOE, Vit C, and NaHCO 3 can be added to rabbit diets for the amelioration of HS-induced symptoms.

Effect of dietary supplementation with carnosic acid or vitamin E on animal performance, haematological and immunological characteristics of artificially reared suckling lambs before and after road transport.

PubMed

Morán, Lara; Andrés, Sonia; Blanco, Carolina; Benavides, Julio; Martínez-Valladares, María; Moloney, Aidan P; Giráldez, F Javier

2017-08-01

To elucidate the influence of dietary carnosic acid (CA) and vitamin E on animal performance, immune response indicators and haematological parameters before and after transport stress, 24 lambs were individually fed ad libitum with milk replacer (MR) using an auto-feeder. Once daily the lambs received MR alone (Group CON, n = 8), MR + 0.096 g CA/kg live weight (LW) (Group CARN, n = 8) or MR + 0.024 g of α-tocopheryl acetate per kg LW (Group VitE, n = 8). After reaching the target slaughter weight (12 ± 0.5 kg), blood samples were collected to measure haematological and immunological parameters. Then, lambs were subjected to 4-h road transport and blood samples were collected again for haematological assessment. The animals were subsequently slaughtered. Before road transport, dietary CA supplementation promoted a descent of circulating white blood cells (WBC), red blood cells (RBC), haematocrit and haemoglobin concentration when compared with Groups CON and VitE (p < 0.05), but it did not affect production of cytokines by blood mononuclear cells. Road transport did not affect either RBC or haematocrit significantly. Nevertheless, transport affected leucocyte profile similarly in all the treatments, increasing granulocytes and monocytes proportions and decreasing lymphocytes. In contrast, after transport, WBC was increased in Group CARN, reaching similar values than Groups CON and VitE. However, under conditions of the present study, those modifications did not influence animal performance or immunity parameters of artificially reared suckling lambs.

Vitamin E supplementation of undernourished ewes pre- and post-lambing reduces weight loss of ewes and increases weight of lambs.

PubMed

Rosales Nieto, César Augusto; Meza-Herrera, César Alberto; Moron Cedillo, Felipe de Jesús; Flores Najera, Manuel de Jesús; Gámez Vázquez, Hector Guillermo; Ventura Pérez, Felipe de Jesús; Liu, Shimin

2016-03-01

The aim of this study was to test if vitamin E supplementation during late gestation and early lactation would affect the weight of ewes under nutritional restriction and the performance of their lambs. Mature Rambouillet ewes (n = 37) were fed a diet that supplied 70 % of the energy and 80 % of recommended protein requirements and randomly assigned to either vitamin E (vit E, n = 20, 4 IU of α-tocopherol kg(-1) of live weight) or control (n = 17, without vitamin E supplementation). During the experimental period, the mean weight of ewes decreased from 74.6 ± 2.4 to 58.1 ± 2.2 kg. Weight loss of ewes was slightly less for the vit E than the control (-65 vs -124 g day(-1), SEM = 46; P = 0.07). Lambs born from vit E-supplemented ewes were heavier than lambs from the control and grew significantly faster (239 vs 195 g day(-1), SEM = 29.3, P < 0.05) with heavier weights at weaning (16.5 vs 13.5 kg, SEM = 1.8, P < 0.05). Besides, birth weight, weaning weight and daily weight gain favoured to single lambs and to male lambs (P < 0.05). Weaning weight was positively correlated to birth weight (P < 0.05) and weight gain (P < 0.001). When the nutrient requirements for ewes are not met, supplementation of vitamin E during late gestation and early lactation might be an effective strategy to minimise ewe weight loss as well as to increase lamb growth.

Determination of clusters and factors associated with dengue dispersion during the first epidemic related to Dengue virus serotype 4 in Vitória, Brazil

PubMed Central

Herbinger, Karl-Heinz; Cerutti Junior, Crispim; Malta Romano, Camila; de Souza Areias Cabidelle, Aline; Fröschl, Günter

2017-01-01

Dengue occurrence is partially influenced by the immune status of the population. Consequently, the introduction of a new Dengue virus serotype can trigger explosive epidemics in susceptible populations. The determination of clusters in this scenario can help to identify hotspots and understand the disease dispersion regardless of the influence of the population herd immunity. The present study evaluated the pattern and factors associated with dengue dispersion during the first epidemic related to Dengue virus serotype 4 in Vitória, Espírito Santo state, Brazil. Data on 18,861 dengue cases reported in Vitória from September 2012 to June 2013 were included in the study. The analysis of spatial variation in temporal trend was performed to detect clusters that were compared by their respective relative risk, house index, population density, and income in an ecological study. Overall, 11 clusters were detected. The time trend increase of dengue incidence in the overall study population was 636%. The five clusters that showed a lower time trend increase than the overall population presented a higher incidence in the beginning of the epidemic and, compared to the six clusters with higher time trend increase, they presented higher relative risk for their inhabitants to acquire dengue infection (P-value = 0.02) and a lower income (P-value <0.01). House index and population density did not differ between the clusters. Early increase of dengue incidence and higher relative risk for acquiring dengue infection were favored in low-income areas. Preventive actions and improvement of infrastructure in low-income areas should be prioritized in order to diminish the magnitude of dengue dispersion after the introduction of a new serotype. PMID:28388694

Penconazole alters redox status, cholinergic function and lung's histoarchitecture of adult rats: Reversal effect of vitamin E.

PubMed

Chaâbane, Mariem; Elwej, Awatef; Ghorbel, Imen; Chelly, Sabrine; Mnif, Hela; Boudawara, Tahia; Ellouze Chaabouni, Semia; Zeghal, Najiba; Soudani, Nejla

2018-06-01

The present study pertains to the possible adverse effects of penconazole exposure on the lung of adult rats, and to the potential ability of vitamin E (Vit E) in mitigating the toxicity induced by this fungicide. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups of six animals each: Group I (Controls): rats drank distilled water; Group II (PEN): rats received, by gavage, 50 mg/kg body weight (1/40 LD 50 ) of penconazole every 2 days during 10 days; Group III (Vit E): rats received daily 100 mg α-tocopherol acetate/kg body weight during 10 days by gavage; and Group IV (Vit E + PEN): rats received both vitamin E (100 mg α-tocopherol acetate/kg body weight) and penconazole (50 mg/kg body weight), being vitamin E given as a daily dosage and penconazole every 2 days, by gavage during 10 days. Results showed that penconazole induced oxidative stress in the lung demonstrated by an increase in malondialdehyde (+77%), hydrogen peroxide (+58%) and advanced oxidation protein product (+22%) levels, as compared to the controls. Furthermore, a decrease in the activities of catalase (-41%), superoxide dismutase (-45%), glutathione peroxidase (-23%) and acetylcholinesterase (-67%), and an increase in the levels of non-protein thiols (+17%), glutathione (+7%) and vitamin C (+44%) were registered. Abnormalities in lung histological sections such as alveolar edema, infiltration of inflammatory cells (leukocytes) and emphysema, were also observed following penconazole exposure. Vitamin E ameliorated the biochemical parameters, as well as the histological impairments induced by this fungicide. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that vitamin E, a natural antioxidant, was effective in alleviating penconazole-induced lung damage in Wistar rats. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

The Effects of Mangiferin (Mangifera indica L) in Doxorubicin-induced Cardiotoxicity in Rats.

PubMed

Arozal, W; Suyatna, F D; Juniantito, V; Rosdiana, D S; Amurugam, S; Aulia, R; Monayo, E R; Siswandi, R

2015-11-01

The cardiotoxicity effect of doxorubicin (DOX), a widely used antitumor agent has restricted its clinical application. The aim of the current study was to explore the potential protective effect of mangiferin, a naturally occurring glucosylxanthone, that have antioxidant activity by its iron-complexing ability in mitochondria, against DOX-induced cardiac toxicity in rats in comparison with other antioxidants namely Sylimarin (SYL) and Vitamin E (VitE). Mangiferin was given orally to rats at a dose of 50, and 100 mg/kg for 5 weeks, and DOX was injected at a total dose of 15 mg/kg. Cardiac toxicity was evaluated by lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase in the serum, malondialdehyde (MDA) level in plasma and cardiac tissue, and antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) in cardiac tissue. Mangiferin protected against DOX-induced increased mortality and electrocardiogram abnormality and decreased biochemical markers of cardiac toxicity i. e., lactate dehydrogenase and creatine phosphokinase isoenzyme. In addition, elevation of plasma and cardiac tissue levels of MDA in response to DOX treatment were significantly attenuated. The reduction of cardiac activity of SOD was significantly reduced in contrast with the other antioxidant SYL and Vit E. Histopathologically, mangiferin treatment showed significant reduction in inflammatory cell number, fibrotic area, and necrotic foci as compared with DOX only-treated rats. These results suggested that mangiferin had better protective effect against DOX-induced cardiac toxicity in comparison with SYL and VitE, thus besides the antioxidant activity, different mechanism may be involved in the action of mangiferin and need to be clarified in the future studies. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

Long-term compliance with a novel vitamin and mineral supplement in older people with PKU.

PubMed

MacDonald, A; Lee, P; Davies, P; Daly, A; Lilburn, M; Gokmen Ozel, H; Preece, M A; Hendriksz, C; Chakrapani, A

2008-12-01

The long-term efficacy of vitamin and mineral preparations in dietary-treated adult patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) is unreported. In an open, intervention trial, the acceptability, safety and impact on biochemical and haematological micronutrient status of a new vitamin and mineral tablet (Phlexy Vits, SHS International) was investigated. Fifteen subjects with PKU (median age 21 years, range 8-33 years) on low-phenylalanine diet from two PKU centres were recruited. No vitamins or minerals were added to their protein substitute and for 12 months they took their full daily requirements of vitamin and minerals from Phlexy Vits (5 tablets/daily). All but two subjects had taken alternative vitamin and mineral supplements before the trial. Fasting bloods were taken at baseline (week -2 and at week 0), 4 and 12 months for a range of biochemical and nutritional measurements. By 4 months, serum vitamin B(12) (p = 0.003), serum manganese (p=0.03) and plasma (p=0.03) and red blood cell (p=0.004) glutathionine peroxidase (GSHPx) all significantly increased but remained within normal reference ranges. By 12 months, serum vitamin B(12) (p<0.05) and plasma GSHPx (p<0.05) remained increased. The Phlexy Vits tablets scored better than conventional vitamin and mineral supplements for overall acceptability (p<0.05), and ease of swallowing (p=0.1) at 4 months, although swallowing score deteriorated by 12 months (p<0.05). There was a small but significant deterioration in compliance with taking the vitamin and mineral supplements between 4 and 12 months (p<0.05). In the long term, these comprehensive vitamin and mineral tablets appeared acceptable and improved biochemical nutritional status, although there were long-term compliance and swallowing issues.

Modeling the chemical evolution of nitrogen oxides near roadways

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Yan Jason; DenBleyker, Allison; McDonald-Buller, Elena; Allen, David; Zhang, K. Max

2011-01-01

The chemical evolution of nitrogen dioxide (NO 2) and nitrogen monoxide (NO) in the vicinity of roadways is numerically investigated using a computational fluid dynamics model, CFD-VIT-RIT and a Gaussian-based model, CALINE4. CFD-VIT-RIT couples a standard k- ɛ turbulence model for turbulent mixing and the Finite-Rate model for chemical reactions. CALINE4 employs a discrete parcel method, assuming that chemical reactions are independent of the dilution process. The modeling results are compared to the field measurement data collected near two roadways in Austin, Texas, State Highway 71 (SH-71) and Farm to Market Road 973 (FM-973), under parallel and perpendicular wind conditions during the summer of 2007. In addition to ozone (O 3), other oxidants and reactive species including hydroperoxyl radical (HO 2), organic peroxyl radical (RO 2), formaldehyde (HCHO) and acetaldehyde (CH 3CHO) are considered in the transformation from NO to NO 2. CFD-VIT-RIT is shown to be capable of predicting both NO x and NO 2 profiles downwind. CALINE4 is able to capture the NO x profiles, but underpredicts NO 2 concentrations under high wind velocity. Our study suggests that the initial NO 2/NO x ratios have to be carefully selected based on traffic conditions in order to assess NO 2 concentrations near roadways. The commonly assumed NO 2/NO x ratio by volume of 5% may not be suitable for most roadways, especially those with a high fraction of heavy-duty truck traffic. In addition, high O 3 concentrations and high traffic volumes would lead to the peak NO 2 concentration occurring near roadways with elevated concentrations persistent over a long distance downwind.

Perturbations in the antioxidant metabolism during Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infection in chicken. Protective role of vitamin E

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Subbaiah, Kadiam C. Venkata; Raniprameela, D.; Visweswari, Gopalareddygari; Rajendra, Wudayagiri; Lokanatha, Valluru

2011-12-01

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of vitamin E on pro/anti-oxidant status in the liver, brain and heart of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infected chickens. Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione- S-transferase (GST) and the levels of reduced glutathione and malonaldehyde were estimated in selected tissues of uninfected, NDV-infected and NDV + vit. E-treated chickens. A significant increase in MDA levels in brain and liver ( p < 0.05) was observed in NDV-infected chickens when compared to controls. The activities of SOD, CAT, GPx, GR, GST and levels of GSH were significantly ( p < 0.05) decreased in brain and liver of NDV-infected chickens over controls. On the other hand, a significant decreased MDA levels and enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity levels were observed in NDV + vit. E-treated animals compared to NDV-infected chickens. Histopathological studies revealed that liver of NDV infected chicken shows focal coagulation and infiltration of hepatocytes, whereas neuronal necrosis and degeneration of Purkinje cells were observed in brain and moderate infiltration of inflammatory cells was observed in heart. However such histological alterations were not observed in NDV + vit. E-treated animals. The results of the present study, thus demonstrated that antioxidant defense mechanism is impaired after the induction of NDV, suggesting its critical role in cellular injury in brain and liver. Further, the results also suggest that vitamin E treatment will ameliorate the antioxidant status in the infected animals. The findings could be beneficial to understand the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of NDV and therapeutic interventions of antioxidants.

Enhancement of tumor responsiveness to aminolevulinate-photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) using differentiation-promoting agents in mouse models of skin carcinoma

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Anand, Sanjay; Honari, Golara; Paliwal, Akshat; Hasan, Tayyaba; Maytin, Edward V.

2009-06-01

Aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) is an emerging treatment for cancers. ALA, given as a prodrug, selectively accumulates and is metabolized in cancer cells to form protoporphyrin IX (PpIX). Targeted local irradiation with light induces cell death. Since the efficacy of ALA-PDT for large or deep tumors is currently limited, we are developing a new approach that combines differentiation-inducing agents with ALA-PDT to improve the clinical response. Here, we tested this new combination paradigm in the following two models of skin carcinoma in mice: 1) tumors generated by topical application of chemical carcinogens (DMBA-TPA); 2) human SCC cells (A431) implanted subcutaneously. To achieve a differentiated state of the tumors, pretreatment with a low concentration of methotrexate (MTX) or Vitamin D (Vit D) was administered for 72 h prior to exposure to ALA. Confocal images of histological sections were captured and digitally analyzed to determine relative PpIX levels. PpIX in the tumors was also monitored by real-time in vivo fluorescence dosimetry. In both models, a significant increase in levels of PpIX was observed following pretreatment with MTX or Vit D, as compared to no-pretreatment controls. This enhancing effect was observed at very low, non-cytotoxic concentrations, and was highly specific to cancer cells as compared to normal cells. These results suggest that use of differentiating agents such as MTX or Vit D, as a short-term combination therapy given prior to ALA-PDT, can increase the production of PpIX photosensitizer and enhance the therapeutic response of skin cancers.

Hall effects on the Walén relation in rotational discontinuities and Alfvén waves

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, B. H.; Lee, L. C.

2000-08-01

For Alfvénic fluctuations in magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) the perturbed transverse velocity Vt and magnetic field Bt can be related by the Walén relation, Vt = ±Bt/(μ0ρ)1/2 ≡;±VAt, where ρ is the plasma density, VAt is the transverse Alfvén velocity, and the plus (minus) sign is for antiparallel (parallel) propagation. However, observations of Vt and Bt for Alfvén waves and rotational discontinuities in the solar wind and at the magnetopause showed an obvious deviation from the relation. In this paper, modifications of the Walén relation for linear and nonlinear Alfvén waves and rotational discontinuities (RDs) are examined in the Hall-MHD formulation. Let Vit (≈ Vt) be the transverse ion velocity and Vet be the transverse electron velocity. It is found that Vit = ±Bt(z)/(μ0ρ1)1/2 = ±(ρ(z)/ρ1)1/2 VAt(z) and Vet = ±(ρ1/μ0)1/2Bt(z)/ρ(z) = ±(ρ1/ρ(z))1/2 VAt(z)for RDs in Hall-MHD, where ρ1 is the upstream plasma density. The ion and electron Walén ratios are defined as Ai = Vit/VAt and Ae = Vet/VAt, respectively. It is found in Hall-MHD that ?, AiAe = 1 and Ai < 1 (Ai > 1) for Alfvén waves and RDs with right-hand (left-hand) polarization. The Hall dispersive effect may modify the ion Walén ratio by ΔAi≈±0.14 for the magnetopause RDs and by ΔAi≈±0.07 for the interplanetary RDs.

Vitamin D as a potential enhancer of aminolevulinate-based photodynamic therapy for nonmelanoma skin cancer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Maytin, Edward V.; Anand, Sanjay; Atanaskova, Natasha; Wilson, Clara

2010-02-01

Vitamin D3 (Vit D3) is a hormone essential for normal bone and cardiovascular health, and may participate in preventing nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSC). Calcitriol (1,25 dihydroxyD3) is the active form of the hormone. We showed previously that calcitriol is a potent inducer of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) in skin keratinocytes grown in organotypic cultures. Here, we investigated the ability of Vit D3 to enhance PpIX levels within skin tumors in vivo. Squamous tumors, generated by chemical carcinogenesis in mice, were pretreated for 3 days with topical calcitriol. Then 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) was applied topically, and PpIX levels were measured by noninvasive fluorimetry and in biopsied tissue. Calcitriol pretreatment resulted in a 3 to 4-fold elevation of PpIX in tumors, relative to no pretreatmen, providing significantly more photosensitizer available for tumor destruction. For deep tumors, topical calcitriol may not penetrate sufficiently. Therefore we explored whether systemic Vit D3, given short-term (3 days), might elevate PpIX within NMSC in a deep tumor model (subcutaneously-implanted A431 human squamous carcinoma cells). Defined amounts of calcitriol were injected into the mice for 3 d, followed by systemic 5-ALA, tissue biopsy, and confocal microscopic measurement of PpIX in frozen tissues. PpIX was clearly elevated after systemically delivered calcitriol. More work is needed, but if the amount of calcitriol required to elevate PpIX levels proves to be small, then the approach may ultimately prove attractive. Since most Americans are currently Vitamin D deficient, a small increase in calcitriol might be possible without risk of hypercalcemia.

Comparing different VIT formulations on near-road dispersion of particulate and gaseous pollutants

EPA Science Inventory

Traffic-related air pollution is associated with a range of health issues including respiratory and cardiovascular problems, birth defects, and cancer. Recent studies suggest that the presence of roadside barriers can potentially mitigate exposure to air pollution for those livin...

Machine Learning Approaches for Predicting Human Skin Sensitization Hazard

EPA Science Inventory

One of ICCVAM’s top priorities is the development and evaluation of non-animal approaches to identify potential skin sensitizers. The complexity of biological events necessary for a substance to elicit a skin sensitization reaction suggests that no single in chemico, in vit...