Don't aim too high: Avoiding shoulder injury related to vaccine administration.

PubMed

Cross, Gail B; Moghaddas, Jason; Buttery, Jim; Ayoub, Sally; Korman, Tony M

2016-05-01

Shoulder injury related to vaccine administration (SIRVA) is a previously described phenomenon that is the result of improper vaccine delivery. Appropriate injection technique for administration of intramuscular vaccinations can reduce the risk of shoulder injury. In this article, we describe the cases of two patients who developed SIRVA. A literature review was conducted to find and describe other cases of shoulder injury that developed post-vaccination. SIRVA has previously been described in the world literature. Seventeen cases in women and five cases in men were found. Pain and reduction in the range of movement within a few hours of vaccination were cardinal signs of a shoulder injury. This included injuries to the soft tissues of the shoulder as well as injuries to bone and joint. SIRVA can be avoided with correct vaccination technique as described.

78 FR 79701 - National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program; List of Petitions Received

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-31

... Vaccine Injury Compensation Program; List of Petitions Received AGENCY: Health Resources and Services... publishing this notice of petitions received under the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (the... Vaccine Injury Compensation Program, 5600 Fishers Lane, Room 11C-26, Rockville, MD 20857; (301) 443-6593...

78 FR 72680 - National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program; List of Petitions Received

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-03

... Vaccine Injury Compensation Program; List of Petitions Received AGENCY: Health Resources and Services... publishing this notice of petitions received under the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (the... Vaccine Injury Compensation Program, 5600 Fishers Lane, Room 11C-26, Rockville, MD 20857; (301) 443-6593...

76 FR 19778 - National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program: Statement of Reasons for Not Conducting Rule-Making...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-08

... Vaccine Injury Compensation Program: Statement of Reasons for Not Conducting Rule-Making Proceedings... conducting a rule-making proceeding for adding Guillain-Barr[eacute] Syndrome (GBS) to the Vaccine Injury...: Geoffrey Evans, M.D., Director, Division of Vaccine Injury Compensation, Healthcare Systems Bureau, Health...

45 CFR 4.6 - Materials related to petitions under the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Vaccine Injury Compensation Program. 4.6 Section 4.6 Public Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN... Vaccine Injury Compensation Program. Notwithstanding the provisions of §§ 4.1, 4.2, and 4.3, service of..., shall be served upon the Director, Division of Vaccine Injury Compensation, Office of Special Programs...

45 CFR 4.6 - Materials related to petitions under the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Vaccine Injury Compensation Program. 4.6 Section 4.6 Public Welfare Department of Health and Human... Vaccine Injury Compensation Program. Notwithstanding the provisions of §§ 4.1, 4.2, and 4.3, service of..., shall be served upon the Director, Division of Vaccine Injury Compensation, Office of Special Programs...

45 CFR 4.6 - Materials related to petitions under the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Vaccine Injury Compensation Program. 4.6 Section 4.6 Public Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN... Vaccine Injury Compensation Program. Notwithstanding the provisions of §§ 4.1, 4.2, and 4.3, service of..., shall be served upon the Director, Division of Vaccine Injury Compensation, Office of Special Programs...

45 CFR 4.6 - Materials related to petitions under the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Vaccine Injury Compensation Program. 4.6 Section 4.6 Public Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN... Vaccine Injury Compensation Program. Notwithstanding the provisions of §§ 4.1, 4.2, and 4.3, service of..., shall be served upon the Director, Division of Vaccine Injury Compensation, Office of Special Programs...

45 CFR 4.6 - Materials related to petitions under the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Vaccine Injury Compensation Program. 4.6 Section 4.6 Public Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN... Vaccine Injury Compensation Program. Notwithstanding the provisions of §§ 4.1, 4.2, and 4.3, service of..., shall be served upon the Director, Division of Vaccine Injury Compensation, Office of Special Programs...

78 FR 46354 - National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program; List of Petitions Received

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-31

... Vaccine Injury Compensation Program; List of Petitions Received AGENCY: Health Resources and Services... publishing this notice of petitions received under the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (``the..., (202) 357-6400. For information on HRSA's role in the Program, contact the Director, National Vaccine...

78 FR 38995 - National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program, List of Petitions Received

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-28

... Vaccine Injury Compensation Program, List of Petitions Received AGENCY: Health Resources and Services... publishing this notice of petitions received under the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (``the..., (202) 357-6400. For information on HRSA's role in the Program, contact the Director, National Vaccine...

Rugby football injuries, 1980-1983.

PubMed Central

Sparks, J P

1985-01-01

The injuries sustained by the boys at one English public school have been recorded and analysed by age, experience, position, phase, duration of the game and of the season. Few injuries have been serious. Detailed reference is made to concussion, injuries from collapsed scrums and injuries of the cervical spine. The paper emphasises that the tackle leads to most injuries. This paper presents the Rugby football injuries sustained by the boarders of Rugby School in the four seasons 1980-1983. The injury rate was 194 per 10,000 player hours, compared with the rate of 198 per 10,000 player hours for the thirty seasons 1950-1979 (Sparks, 1981). Tables I-VI list the injuries by different criteria. Table VII lists the sites of injury; Table VIII the time off Rugby football after injury; Table IX lists some of the more important injuries; Table XI summarises the playing results of the various school teams; Table XIII compares some of the Rugby School figures with those recorded in the Accident and Emergency Department of Christchurch Hospital during the 1979 New Zealand Rugby football season (Inglis and Stewart, 1981); Table XIV records information on three aspects of Rugby football that have occasioned much recent concern, viz:--Time off playing after concussion, injuries caused by collapsed scrums and neck injuries. Images p71-a PMID:4027497

42 CFR 102.20 - How to establish a covered injury.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 102.20 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES VACCINES SMALLPOX... injuries. Minor injuries include expected and routine responses to the smallpox vaccine, other covered... smallpox vaccine recipient or vaccinia contact sustained an injury listed on the Smallpox (Vaccinia...

42 CFR 102.20 - How to establish a covered injury.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 102.20 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES VACCINES SMALLPOX... injuries. Minor injuries include expected and routine responses to the smallpox vaccine, other covered... smallpox vaccine recipient or vaccinia contact sustained an injury listed on the Smallpox (Vaccinia...

42 CFR 102.20 - How to establish a covered injury.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 102.20 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES VACCINES SMALLPOX... injuries. Minor injuries include expected and routine responses to the smallpox vaccine, other covered... smallpox vaccine recipient or vaccinia contact sustained an injury listed on the Smallpox (Vaccinia...

42 CFR 102.20 - How to establish a covered injury.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 102.20 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES VACCINES SMALLPOX... injuries. Minor injuries include expected and routine responses to the smallpox vaccine, other covered... smallpox vaccine recipient or vaccinia contact sustained an injury listed on the Smallpox (Vaccinia...

42 CFR 102.20 - How to establish a covered injury.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 102.20 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES VACCINES SMALLPOX... injuries. Minor injuries include expected and routine responses to the smallpox vaccine, other covered... smallpox vaccine recipient or vaccinia contact sustained an injury listed on the Smallpox (Vaccinia...

Table saw injuries: epidemiology and a proposal for preventive measures.

PubMed

Chung, Kevin C; Shauver, Melissa J

2013-11-01

Table saws are ubiquitous devices in professional, home, and school woodshops that have the potential to cause severe injuries. Many of these injuries results in finger and thumb tendon, nerve, and vascular damage or amputation. Long-term outcomes of these injuries can include functional and sensory deficits. Table saw manufacturers are required to equip saws with blade guards to prevent blade contact; nevertheless, treatment of table saw injuries is a common occurrence in U.S. emergency departments. The authors performed a literature search using PubMed and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature to compile epidemiology data relevant to table saw injuries. The authors also reviewed the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission's briefing package on table saw blade contact injuries. Over 30,000 table saw injuries occur annually. Fingers and hands are the most frequently injured body parts, and lacerations are the most common injuries. Individuals suffering from occupational injuries tend to be younger than those injured during amateur woodworking. A small but important minority of injuries are to students participating in school shop classes. Medical costs for the treatment of table saw injuries are estimated at more than $2 billion every year. SawStop technology stops the saw blade when contact with skin is made, resulting in a small cut rather than a more complicated laceration or amputation. The application of this novel technology in saw designs can prevent serious injuries that deleteriously affect lives at the personal and societal levels.

Rationalizing vaccine injury compensation.

PubMed

Mello, Michelle M

2008-01-01

Legislation recently adopted by the United States Congress provides producers of pandemic vaccines with near-total immunity from civil lawsuits without making individuals injured by those vaccines eligible for compensation through the Vaccine Injury Compensation Program. The unusual decision not to provide an alternative mechanism for compensation is indicative of a broader problem of inconsistency in the American approach to vaccine-injury compensation policy. Compensation policies have tended to reflect political pressures and economic considerations more than any cognizable set of principles. This article identifies a set of ethical principles bearing on the circumstances in which vaccine injuries should be compensated, both inside and outside public health emergencies. A series of possible bases for compensation rules, some grounded in utilitarianism and some nonconsequentialist, are discussed and evaluated. Principles of fairness and reasonableness are found to constitute the strongest bases. An ethically defensible compensation policy grounded in these principles would make a compensation fund available to all individuals with severe injuries and to individuals with less-severe injuries whenever the vaccination was required by law or professional duty.

Adults Need Vaccines, Too!

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Vaccinations for Adults with Diabetes

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Vaccinations for Adults with Diabetes The table below shows which vaccinations you should have to protect your health if ... sure you and your healthcare provider keep your vaccinations up to date. Vaccine Do you need it? ...

A review of malaria vaccine clinical projects based on the WHO rainbow table

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Development and Phase 3 testing of the most advanced malaria vaccine, RTS,S/AS01, indicates that malaria vaccine R&D is moving into a new phase. Field trials of several research malaria vaccines have also confirmed that it is possible to impact the host-parasite relationship through vaccine-induced immune responses to multiple antigenic targets using different platforms. Other approaches have been appropriately tested but turned out to be disappointing after clinical evaluation. As the malaria community considers the potential role of a first-generation malaria vaccine in malaria control efforts, it is an apposite time to carefully document terminated and ongoing malaria vaccine research projects so that lessons learned can be applied to increase the chances of success for second-generation malaria vaccines over the next 10 years. The most comprehensive resource of malaria vaccine projects is a spreadsheet compiled by WHO thanks to the input from funding agencies, sponsors and investigators worldwide. This spreadsheet, available from WHO's website, is known as "the rainbow table". By summarizing the published and some unpublished information available for each project on the rainbow table, the most comprehensive review of malaria vaccine projects to be published in the last several years is provided below. PMID:22230255

Vaccines Stop Illness | NIH MedlinePlus the Magazine

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Childhood Vaccine Schedule

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Vaccines Stop Illness

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Skip Navigation Bar Home Current Issue Past Issues Vaccines Stop Illness Past Issues / Spring 2008 Table of ... meningitis won't infect, cripple, or kill children. Vaccine Safety In light of recent questions about vaccine ...

[The National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program in Japan].

PubMed

Ihara, Toshiaki

2011-09-01

Two vaccination systems have been employed in Japan, the routine vaccination and the voluntary vaccination. The National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program in Japan is no-fault system. Claims after the routine vaccination are demanded to the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare through local governments, and compensation is more expenses. Meanwhile, claims after the voluntary vaccination are demanded to the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Device Agency directly, and compensation is less compared with the routine vaccination.

A time motion study in the immunization clinic of a tertiary care hospital of kolkata, west bengal.

PubMed

Chattopadhyay, Amitabha; Ghosh, Ritu; Maji, Sucharita; Ray, Tapobroto Guha; Lahiri, Saibendu Kumar

2012-01-01

A time and motion study is used to determine the amount of time required for a specific activity, work function, or mechanical process. Few such studies have been reported in the outpatient department of institutions, and such studies based exclusively on immunization clinic of an institute is a rarity. This was an observational cross sectional study done in the immunization clinic of R.G. Kar Medical College, Kolkata, over a period of 1 month (September 2010). The study population included mother/caregivers attending the immunization clinics with their children. The total sample was 482. Pre-synchronized stopwatches were used to record service delivery time at the different activity points. Median time was the same for both initial registration table and nutrition and health education table (120 seconds), but the vaccination and post vaccination advice table took the highest percentage of overall time (46.3%). Maximum time spent on the vaccination and post vaccination advice table was on Monday (538.1 s) and nutritional assessment and health assessment table took maximum time on Friday (217.1 s). Time taken in the first half of immunization session was more in most of the tables. The goal for achieving universal immunization against vaccine-preventable diseases requires multifaceted collated response from many stakeholders. Efficient functioning of immunization clinics is therefore required to achieve the prescribed goals. This study aims to initiate an effort to study the utilization of time at a certain health care unit with the invitation of much more in depth analysis in future.

Field Trial of Attenuated Salmonella Typhi Live Oral Vaccine TY21A in Liquid and Enteric-Coated Formulations and Epidemiological Survey for Incidence of Diarrhea due to Shigella Species

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-03-01

and absolute efficacy of three doses of Ty2la vaccine given in enteric-coated capsule or liquid formulation. Intensive clinical and bacteriologic...TABLES Table 1. Evaluation of the efficacy of three doses of the enteric-coated capsule formulation of Ty2la live oral vaccine given within one week in...November, 1986 thzough February, 1989 of a field trial in Area Sur Oriente and Area Norte assessing the efficacy of Ty21a vaccine in liquid or enteric

Risk of bursitis and other injuries and dysfunctions of the shoulder following vaccinations.

PubMed

Martín Arias, L H; Sanz Fadrique, R; Sáinz Gil, M; Salgueiro-Vazquez, M E

2017-09-05

While vaccination injection site adverse reactions are usually mild and transient in nature, several cases of bursitis and other shoulder injuries have been reported in the medical literature. However, these lesions are not included in vaccine label inserts. To identify the characteristics of post-vaccination shoulder injuries and those of patients and involved vaccines, as well as their potential causes, a systematic review of the cases of vaccination-related bursitis and other shoulder injuries reported in the literature and notified to the Spanish Pharmacovigilance System database (FEDRA) have been conducted. We found 45 cases of bursitis and other shoulder injuries that appeared following the vaccine intramuscular injection given into the deltoid muscle (37 from the systematic review of the literature, and 8 from the scrutiny in the Spanish Pharmacovigilance System database, FEDRA). All the patients were adult, 71.1% females, with a mean and median age of 53.6years (range: 22-89). The most frequently involved vaccines were influenza and pneumococcal vaccines, respectively; followed by diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis, diphtheria-tetanus toxoid, human papillomavirus, and hepatitis A vaccines. The most frequent shoulder lesion was bursitis. Most of patients required medical care due to severe local pain and arm mobility restriction. In a majority of cases, symptoms started 48h post vaccination. Subdeltoid or subacromial bursitis and other shoulder lesions may be more common than suspected. Such lesions predominantly affect women. The cause may be related to antigens or adjuvants contained in the vaccines that would trigger an immune or inflammatory response. However, they are more likely to be the consequence of a poor injection technique (site, angle, needle size, and failure to take into account patient's characteristics, i. e., sex, body weight, and physical constitution). Therefore, vaccination-related shoulder injuries would be amenable to prevention. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

National Childhood Vaccine Injury Compensation Act of 1985. Hearing before the Committee on Labor and Human Resources, United States Senate, Ninety-Ninth Congress. First Session on S. 827 To Amend the Public Health Service Act To Provide for the Compensation of Children and Others Who Have Sustained Vaccine-Related Injuries, and for Other Purposes.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. Senate Committee on Labor and Human Resources.

Under examination at this hearing was the best mechanism for a system of compensation for vaccine injuries. Also considered was the applicability of environmental legislation to vaccines, and whether approval by the Federal Government means that a vaccine is, in effect, as safe as it could be. Statements were presented by representatives of the…

78 FR 956 - National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program: Revised Amount of the Average Cost of a Health...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-07

... Vaccine Injury Compensation Program: Revised Amount of the Average Cost of a Health Insurance Policy The... average cost of a health insurance policy as it relates to the National Vaccine Injury Compensation... revised amounts of an average cost of a health insurance policy, as determined by the Secretary, are to be...

75 FR 2551 - National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program: Revised Amount of the Average Cost of a Health...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-15

... Vaccine Injury Compensation Program: Revised Amount of the Average Cost of a Health Insurance Policy The... average cost of a health insurance policy as it relates to the National Vaccine Injury Compensation... revised amounts of an average cost of a health insurance policy, as determined by the Secretary, are to be...

77 FR 801 - National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program: Revised Amount of the Average Cost of a Health...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-06

... Vaccine Injury Compensation Program: Revised Amount of the Average Cost of a Health Insurance Policy The... average cost of a health insurance policy as it relates to the National Vaccine Injury Compensation... revised amounts of an average cost of a health insurance policy, as determined by the Secretary, are to be...

76 FR 5180 - National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program: Revised Amount of the Average Cost of a Health...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-28

... Vaccine Injury Compensation Program: Revised Amount of the Average Cost of a Health Insurance Policy The... average cost of a health insurance policy as it relates to the National Vaccine Injury Compensation... revised amounts of an average cost of a health insurance policy, as determined by the Secretary, are to be...

Development and Evaluation of Adeno-HTLV-III Hybrid Virus and Non-Cytopathic HTLV-III Mutant for Vaccine Use.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-10-28

34" HIV will be tested. The recombinant Adeno-HIV virus is being developed as part of this proposal. The vaccines will be tested in two species of monkeys...vaccinia-HIV viruses was investigated (Table 4). All the vaccinated monkeys developed antibodies to HIV envelope antigen. However, no neutralizing antibody...Table 5). Epstein Barr virus transformed autologous B cells infected with recon- binant vaccinia-HIV virus may be used as targets. 30 chimpanzees from

The Texas Children's Hospital immunization forecaster: conceptualization to implementation.

PubMed

Cunningham, Rachel M; Sahni, Leila C; Kerr, G Brady; King, Laura L; Bunker, Nathan A; Boom, Julie A

2014-12-01

Immunization forecasting systems evaluate patient vaccination histories and recommend the dates and vaccines that should be administered. We described the conceptualization, development, implementation, and distribution of a novel immunization forecaster, the Texas Children's Hospital (TCH) Forecaster. In 2007, TCH convened an internal expert team that included a pediatrician, immunization nurse, software engineer, and immunization subject matter experts to develop the TCH Forecaster. Our team developed the design of the model, wrote the software, populated the Excel tables, integrated the software, and tested the Forecaster. We created a table of rules that contained each vaccine's recommendations, minimum ages and intervals, and contraindications, which served as the basis for the TCH Forecaster. We created 15 vaccine tables that incorporated 79 unique dose states and 84 vaccine types to operationalize the entire United States recommended immunization schedule. The TCH Forecaster was implemented throughout the TCH system, the Indian Health Service, and the Virginia Department of Health. The TCH Forecast Tester is currently being used nationally. Immunization forecasting systems might positively affect adherence to vaccine recommendations. Efforts to support health care provider utilization of immunization forecasting systems and to evaluate their impact on patient care are needed.

New Vaccines Help Protect You

MedlinePlus

... Navigation Bar Home Current Issue Past Issues New Vaccines Help Protect You Past Issues / Fall 2006 Table ... this page please turn Javascript on. Important new vaccines have recently been approved for use and are ...

2009 H1N1 Flu Vaccine Facts

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NIH Research Leads to Cervical Cancer Vaccine

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... Transmitted Diseases NIH Research Leads to Cervical Cancer Vaccine Past Issues / Fall 2008 Table of Contents For ... Douglas Lowy (left) and John Schiller developed the vaccine to prevent HPV infection in women, the cause ...

Should the vaccine injury compensation program be expanded to cover adults?

PubMed

Lloyd-Puryear, M A; Ball, L K; Benor, D

1998-01-01

In 1996, the National Vaccine Advisory Committee (NVAC) asked for a review of the pros and cons of including adult influenza and pneumococcal vaccines in the Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (VICP). The authors, as staff to the subcommittees charged with undertaking this assessment, looked at the following questions: (a) Would inclusion in VICP of these two vaccines, used primarily for adults, increase adult vaccination levels? (b) Is this Federal involvement warranted based on the liability burden for these vaccines? (c) Does the risk of adverse events following vaccinations warrant inclusion of these vaccines? (d) Is there a consensus among stakeholders favoring their inclusion? To address these questions, the authors reviewed information on adult vaccines, including data on l lawsuits filed and reports of injuries, and sought input from interested groups. They found no evidence that the use of influenza and pneumococcal vaccines would increase if they were included in VICP. They found a low liability burden for these vaccines, that serious adverse events were rare, and that no consensus existed among stakeholders. After considering the staff report, NVAC chose, in 1996, not to advise the Department of Health and Human Services to include adult vaccines in VICP.

42 CFR 100.1 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Applicability. 100.1 Section 100.1 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES VACCINES VACCINE INJURY COMPENSATION § 100.1 Applicability. This part applies to the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (VICP) under...

42 CFR 100.1 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Applicability. 100.1 Section 100.1 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES VACCINES VACCINE INJURY COMPENSATION § 100.1 Applicability. This part applies to the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (VICP) under...

42 CFR 100.1 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Applicability. 100.1 Section 100.1 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES VACCINES VACCINE INJURY COMPENSATION § 100.1 Applicability. This part applies to the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (VICP) under...

42 CFR 100.1 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Applicability. 100.1 Section 100.1 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES VACCINES VACCINE INJURY COMPENSATION § 100.1 Applicability. This part applies to the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (VICP) under...

42 CFR 100.1 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Applicability. 100.1 Section 100.1 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES VACCINES VACCINE INJURY COMPENSATION § 100.1 Applicability. This part applies to the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (VICP) under...

Update on the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program.

PubMed

Edlich, Richard F; Olson, Dana M; Olson, Brianna M; Greene, Jill Amanda; Gubler, K Dean; Winters, Kathryne L; Kelley, Angela R; Britt, L D; Long, William B

2007-08-01

The National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act of 1986, as amended, established the Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (VICP). The VICP went into effect on October 1, 1988 and is a Federal "no-fault" system designed to compensate individuals, or families of individuals, who have been injured by covered vaccines. From 1988 until July 2006, a total of 2531 non-autism/thimerosal and 5030 autism/thimerosal claims were made to the VICP. The compensation paid for the non-autism/thimerosal claims from 1988 until 2006 was $902,519,103.37 for 2542 awards. There was no compensation for any of the autism/thimerosal claims. On the basis of the deaths and extensive suffering to patients and families from the adverse reactions to vaccines, all physicians must provide detailed information in the Vaccine Information Statement to the patient or the parent or legal guardian of the child about the potential dangers of vaccines as well as the VICP.

The Epidemiology of Physical Training Injuries in U.S. Army Infantry Trainees: Methodology, Population, and Risk Factors

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-11-01

of the weight of the individual, as is the measure of caloric expenditure per minute (kCal/min). METs and kCal/min may be converted to one another if...Fitness Measures as Risk Factors for Injury TABLE 19. Quintiles and Ranges of Total METs Expenditures as Risk Factors for Injury TABLE 20...lifted overhead. ## MLWRATIO: Maximum lift/body weight. 23 TABLE 19. Quintiles# and Ranges of Total METs Expenditures as Risk Factors for Injury. Total

42 CFR 102.50 - Medical records necessary to establish that a covered injury was sustained.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES VACCINES SMALLPOX COMPENSATION PROGRAM Required Documentation To Be Deemed... to establish that a smallpox vaccine recipient or vaccinia contact sustained a covered injury, a... the smallpox vaccine) or vaccinia contracted through accidental vaccinia inoculation. (c) If certain...

Efficacy assessment of an inactivated Tembusu virus vaccine candidate in ducks.

PubMed

Zhang, Lijiao; Li, Zhanhong; Zhang, Qingshui; Sun, Mengxu; Li, Shuang; Su, Wenliang; Hu, Xueying; He, Weiyong; Su, Jingliang

2017-02-01

Duck Tembusu virus (TMUV) is a recently identified pathogen that causes severe egg drop and neurological disease in domestic duck and goose flocks. The infection has spread across the China mainland since its outbreak in 2010. Effective vaccines are needed to fight the disease. In this work, we describe the development and laboratory assessment of a cell culture-derived, inactivated duck TMUV vaccine. The TMUV-JXSP strain was successfully propagated on a baby hamster kidney cell line (BHK-21), inactivated with beta-propiolactone (BPL) and emulsified with mineral oil. The efficacy of different vaccination schedules was assessed in laying ducks and table ducks using virus challenge experiments. Two doses of vaccine provided efficient protection against the virus challenge to avoid the egg production drop in laying ducks. An ELISA demonstrated that 97% (39/40) of ducks seroconverted on day 21 after one dose of the inactivated vaccine and that significant increases in antibody titers against the virus were induced after the second immunization. For table ducks, a single dose of vaccine immunization resulted in a protection index of 87% and significant reduction of viral loads in tissues. Sterilizing immunity can be attained after second immunization. Our results demonstrate that BHK-21 cell culture is suitable for duck TMUV propagation and that BPL-inactivated TMUV vaccine can provide a high level of protection from virus challenge in laying ducks and table ducks. These data provide a scientific basis for the development of an inactivated vaccine for the prevention of duck TMUV infection. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

75 FR 60468 - Privacy Act of 1974; Report of an Altered System of Records

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-30

... Secretary for the purpose of evaluating the administration, process, or outcomes of the National Vaccine... Administration (HRSA) is proposing to alter the system of records for the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program, 09-15-0056. In accordance with the National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act of 1986, as amended (42...

Balancing Vaccine Science and National Policy Objectives: Lessons From the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program Omnibus Autism Proceedings

PubMed Central

Keelan, Jennifer

2011-01-01

The US Court of Federal Claims, which adjudicates cases for the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program, has been confronted with more than 5000 cases submitted on behalf of children with autism spectrum disorders, seeking to link the condition to vaccination. Through a test case process, the Omnibus Autism Proceedings have in every instance found no association between autism spectrum disorders and vaccines. However, vaccine advocates have criticized the courts for having an overly permissive evidentiary test for causation and for granting credence to insupportable accusations of vaccine harm. In fact, the courts have functioned as intended and have allowed for a fair hearing of vaccine concerns while maintaining confidence in vaccines and providing protection to vaccine manufacturers. PMID:21940934

[Tetanus prophylaxis after an injury; check the need for vaccination and immunoglobulin].

PubMed

te Wierik, Margreet J M; Hahné, Susan J M; van Ooik, Paula C; van Lier, Ans M C; Swaan, Corien M

2013-01-01

Tetanus can occur after an injury and is caused by the exotoxin of Clostridium tetani. Characteristics of generalised tetanus include spasms in the back and other muscles, trismus, risus sardonicus and difficulty in breathing caused by laryngospasms. Vaccination through the National Vaccination Programme of the Netherlands has resulted in 94% of the population being protected against tetanus; certain groups, however, have a low rate of vaccination. In the Netherlands, 5 patients were reported to have generalised tetanus in 2011. This figure is relatively high in comparison with previous years. Of these 5 patients, 3 did not receive post-exposure-prophylaxis (PEP) after their injuries, or received it incompletely. PEP may be comprised of 1 or more vaccinations with the tetanus toxoid and/or the administration of tetanus immunoglobulin. Patients who have sustained an injury should be evaluated in accordance with the guideline 'Tetanus' by the Landelijke Coördinatie Infectieziekten (National Coordination Centre for communicable disease control), and to assess whether PEP is indicated.

Vaccine information statements. Revolutionary but neglected educational advances in healthcare in the United States.

PubMed

Edlich, Richard F; Martin, Marcus L; Foley, Marni L; Gebhart, Jocelynn H; Winters, Kathryne L; Britt, L D; Long, William B; Gubler, K Dean

2005-01-01

The purpose of this report is to provide further information about vaccine information statements (VISs) that are revolutionary but neglected educational advances in the United States. Because the use of VISs is mandated by the Federal Government in every individual being immunized, it is the goal of this report to further awaken health professionals and society to the mandatory use of these superb educational statements. With the passage of the National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act of 1986, the Federal Government required that VISs would be given to all vaccine recipients. As of September 2001, the VISs that must be used are diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, (DTaP); diphtheria, tetanus (Td); measles, mumps, rubella (MMR); polio (IPV); hepatitis B; Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib); varicella; and pneumococcal conjugate. Copies of the VISs are available at www.cdc.gov/nip/publications/VIS. The National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act of 1986 mandated that all health care providers report certain adverse events that occur following vaccination. As a result, the Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System (VAERS) was established by the FDA and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in 1990. In order to reduce the liability of manufacturers and healthcare providers, the National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act of 1986 established the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (NVICP). This program is intended to compensate those individuals who have been injured by vaccines on a no-fault basis. While the use of VISs has been mandated since 1996, a national survey of private practice office settings has revealed that many immunized patients do not receive the VISs. When these forms were used, physicians rarely initiated discussions regarding contraindications to immunizations or the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program. Fortunately, the state boards of medical examiners, like the one in Oregon, are taking a strong stand for the use of VISs, with the warning that failure to use a VIS may result in disciplinary action. Our nation and practicing physicians must be awakened to the importance of the use of VISs to ensure that every vaccinated individual receives this statement at the time of vaccination.

77 FR 8751 - Table Saw Blade Contact Injuries; Reopening of the Comment Period

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-15

... Contact Injuries; Reopening of the Comment Period AGENCY: U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. ACTION... of injury associated with table saw blade contact, regulatory alternatives, other possible [[Page.... All comments received may be posted without change, including any personal identifiers, contact...

[Overview of the Ebola vaccines in pre-clinical and clinical development].

PubMed

Buchy, P

2016-10-01

The Ebola epidemic that occurred in West Africa between 2013-2016 significantly accelerated the research and development of Ebola vaccines. Few dozens of clinical trials have been recently conducted leading to opportunities to test several new vaccine candidates. Other vaccines are still in early development phases (table 1). This paper provides an overview of the new developments in that area.

Medicaid-based child restraint system disbursement and education and the vaccines for children program: comparative cost-effectiveness.

PubMed

Goldstein, Jesse A; Winston, Flaura K; Kallan, Michael J; Branas, Charles C; Schwartz, J Sanford

2008-01-01

Low-income children are disproportionately at risk for preventable motor-vehicle injury. Many of these children are covered by Medicaid programs placing substantial economic burden on states. Child restraint systems (CRSs) have demonstrated efficacy in preventing death and injury among children in crashes but remain underutilized because of poor access and education. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of Medicaid-based reimbursement for CRS disbursement and education for low-income children and compare it with vaccinations covered under the Vaccines For Children (VFC) program. A cost-effectiveness analysis was performed of Medicaid reimbursement for CRS disbursement/education for low-income children based on data from public and private databases. Primary outcomes measured include cost per life-year saved, death, serious injury, and minor injury averted, as well as medical, parental work loss, and future productivity loss costs averted. Cost-effectiveness calculations were compared with published cost-effectiveness data for vaccinations covered under the VFC program. The adoption of a CRS disbursement/education program could prevent up to 2 deaths, 12 serious injuries, and 51 minor injuries per 100,000 low-income children annually. When fully implemented, the program could save Medicaid over $1 million per 100,000 children in direct medical costs while costing $13 per child per year after all 8 years of benefit. From the perspective of Medicaid, the program would cost $17,000 per life-year saved, $60,000 per serious injury prevented, and $560,000 per death averted. The program would be cost saving from a societal perspective. These data are similar to published vaccination cost-effectiveness data. Implementation of a Medicaid-funded CRS disbursement/education program was comparable in cost-effectiveness with federal vaccination programs targeted toward similar populations and represents an important potential strategy for addressing injury disparities among low-income children.

FastStats: Self-Inflicted Injury/Suicide

MedlinePlus

... this? Submit What's this? Submit Button NCHS Home Suicide and Self-Inflicted Injury Recommend on Facebook Tweet ... Tables, table 17 [PDF – 676 KB] Mortality All suicides Number of deaths: 44,193 Deaths per 100, ...

National Childhood Vaccine-Injury Compensation Act. Hearing before the Committee on Labor and Human Resources, United States Senate, Ninety-Eighth Congress on S.2117 to Amend the Public Health Service Act to Provide for the Compensation of Children and Others Who Have Sustained Vaccine-Related Injury, and for Other Purposes.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. Senate Committee on Labor and Human Resources.

Statements are presented which were made at this hearing to amend the Public Health Service Act to provide for the compensation of children and others who have sustained vaccine-related injury. While the hearing focused on the costs and the regulatory burden that might be imposed by the legislation, the following areas were also addressed: (1) the…

Validation of a modified table to map the 1998 Abbreviated Injury Scale to the 2008 scale and the use of adjusted severities.

PubMed

Tohira, Hideo; Jacobs, Ian; Mountain, David; Gibson, Nick; Yeo, Allen; Ueno, Masato; Watanabe, Hiroaki

2011-12-01

The Abbreviated Injury Scale 2008 (AIS 2008) is the most recent injury coding system. A mapping table from a previous AIS 98 to AIS 2008 is available. However, AIS 98 codes that are unmappable to AIS 2008 codes exist in this table. Furthermore, some AIS 98 codes can be mapped to multiple candidate AIS 2008 codes with different severities. We aimed to modify the original table to adjust the severities and to validate these changes. We modified the original table by adding links from unmappable AIS 98 codes to AIS 2008 codes. We applied the original table and our modified table to AIS 98 codes for major trauma patients. We also assigned candidate codes with different severities the weighted averages of their severities as an adjusted severity. The proportion of cases whose injury severity scores (ISSs) were computable were compared. We also compared the agreement of the ISS and New ISS (NISS) between manually determined AIS 2008 codes (MAN) and mapped codes by using our table (MAP) with unadjusted or adjusted severities. All and 72.3% of cases had their ISSs computed by our modified table and the original table, respectively. The agreement between MAN and MAP with respect to the ISS and NISS was substantial (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.939 for ISS and 0.943 for NISS). Using adjusted severities, the agreements of the ISS and NISS improved to 0.953 (p = 0.11) and 0.963 (p = 0.007), respectively. Our modified mapping table seems to allow more ISSs to be computed than the original table. Severity scores exhibited substantial agreement between MAN and MAP. The use of adjusted severities improved these agreements further.

The Pathogenesis and Therapy of Combined Radiation Injury

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-10-01

17 Table 7. Effects of Different Biological Respose Modifiers on Blood Cell Recovery After C o m b ined Inju ry...16 Table 7. Effects of Different Biological Respose Modifiers on Blood Cell Recovery After Combined Injury. Group 7 days 14 days 21 days 30 days...injury may become self -de- structive, and may be capable of explaining (in part) the more severe out- comes of combined injuries compared with acute

9 CFR 130.20 - User fees for endorsing export certificates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... vaccinations are listed in the following table. The user fees apply to each export health certificate 5... health certificates that require the verification of tests or vaccinations are listed in the following... on the number of animals or birds covered by the certificate and the number of tests or vaccinations...

9 CFR 130.20 - User fees for endorsing export certificates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... vaccinations are listed in the following table. The user fees apply to each export health certificate 5... health certificates that require the verification of tests or vaccinations are listed in the following... on the number of animals or birds covered by the certificate and the number of tests or vaccinations...

9 CFR 130.20 - User fees for endorsing export certificates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... vaccinations are listed in the following table. The user fees apply to each export health certificate 5... health certificates that require the verification of tests or vaccinations are listed in the following... on the number of animals or birds covered by the certificate and the number of tests or vaccinations...

9 CFR 130.20 - User fees for endorsing export certificates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... vaccinations are listed in the following table. The user fees apply to each export health certificate 5... health certificates that require the verification of tests or vaccinations are listed in the following... on the number of animals or birds covered by the certificate and the number of tests or vaccinations...

Neuroimaging Cerebrovascular Function and Diffuse Axonal Injury after Traumatic Brain Injury and Response to Sildenafil Treatment

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-04-05

pathoanatomic classification of TBI focusing on two mechanisms, and demonstrates assessment of mechanism-specific therapy . Our results suggest that sildenafil... therapies . x TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES...mechanism-specific targeted therapies (28; 61; 106). At the time of the primary injury, rapid acceleration-decceleration of the head causes

Dengue vaccine: WHO position paper, July 2016 - recommendations.

PubMed

World Health Organization

2017-03-01

This article presents the World Health Organization's (WHO) recommendations on the use of dengue vaccine excerpted from the WHO position paper on dengue vaccine published in the Weekly epidemiological Record in July 2016 (Dengue vaccine: WHO position paper, 2016) [1]. The current document is the first WHO position paper on dengue vaccination and focuses primarily on the available evidence concerning the only dengue vaccine to have been registered by National Regulatory Authorities. The position paper gives consideration to the epidemiological features of the disease and assesses the potential use of the vaccine for public health benefits. Footnotes to this paper provide a number of core references including references to grading tables that assess the quality of the scientific evidence, and to the evidence-to-recommendation table. In accordance with its mandate to provide guidance to Member States on health policy matters, WHO issues a series of regularly updated position papers on vaccines and combinations of vaccines against diseases that have an international public health impact. These papers are concerned primarily with the use of vaccines in large-scale immunization programmes; they summarize essential background information on diseases and vaccines, and conclude with WHO's current position on the use of vaccines in the global context. This paper reflects the recommendations of the WHO's Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (SAGE) on immunization. Recommendations on the use of this dengue vaccine were discussed by SAGE in April 2016; evidence presented at that SAGE meeting can be accessed at: http://www.who.int/immunization/sage/previous/en/index.html. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

High-Performance Computing Opportunities and Challenges for Army R&D

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-01-01

39 6.5. P(k) for E . Coli ...............................................................................40 ix Tables 2.1. Hardware... vaccines and immune enhancements for expeditionary warfare and home- land security (including gene vaccines , edible vaccines , and radioprotective...of a bacterium—such as the ubiquitous E . Coli . However, at least the intention exists to extend this research to more complicated “eukaryotic”5

UNICEF's child injury league table. An analysis of legislation: more mixed messages.

PubMed

Towner, E; Towner, J

2002-06-01

This paper presents a summary table and discussion of legislation related to child injury prevention in member countries of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. The table is an expanded version of the one which appeared in the UNICEF Report Card "Child Deaths by Injury in Rich Countries" (2001). A commentary is provided on the variations in legislation between countries in terms of range and form of measures and an estimate of degree of enforcement. As legislation is generally considered a powerful tool in injury prevention, the paper examines whether those countries with the widest range of legislation and the strongest enforcement have made the most progress in reducing child injury deaths since the 1970s. It also considers whether a commitment to extensive legislation is reflected in a country's position in the UNICEF league table of injury death. The initial conclusion to these two basic issues is that no clear picture can be seen and we thus need to know far more about the relationship between legislation and societies and cultures as they vary from place to place. This paper hopes to stimulate more widespread debate about the role of legislation in different countries.

WHO position on the use of fractional doses - June 2017, addendum to vaccines and vaccination against yellow fever WHO: Position paper - June 2013.

PubMed

World Health Organization

2017-10-13

This article presents the World Health Organization's (WHO) recommendations on the use of fractional doses of yellow fever vaccines excerpted from the "Yellow fever vaccine: WHO position on the use of fractional doses - June 2017, Addendum to Vaccines and vaccination against yellow fever WHO: Position Paper - June 2013″, published in the Weekly Epidemiological Record [1,2]. This addendum to the 2013 position paper pertains specifically to use of fractional dose YF (fYF) vaccination (fractional dose yellow fever vaccination refers to administration of a reduced volume of vaccine dose, which has been reconstituted as usual per manufacturer recommendations) in the context of YF vaccine supply shortages beyond the capacity of the global stockpile. The current WHO position on the use of yellow fever (YF) vaccine is set out in the 2013 WHO position paper on vaccines and vaccination against YF and those recommendations are unchanged. Footnotes to this paper provide a number of core references including references to grading tables that assess the quality of the scientific evidence, and to the evidence-to-recommendation table. In accordance with its mandate to provide guidance to Member States on health policy matters, WHO issues a series of regularly updated position papers on vaccines and combinations of vaccines against diseases that have an international public health impact. These papers are concerned primarily with the use of vaccines in large-scale immunization programmes; they summarize essential background information on diseases and vaccines, and conclude with WHO's current position on the use of vaccines in the global context. Recommendations on the use of Yellow Fever vaccines were discussed by SAGE in October 2016; evidence presented at these meetings can be accessed at: www.who.int/immunization/sage/meetings/2016/October/presentations_background_docs/en/. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Malaria vaccine: WHO position paper, January 2016 - Recommendations.

PubMed

2018-06-14

This article presents the World Health Organization's (WHO) recommendations on the use of malaria vaccine excerpted from the WHO position paper on malaria vaccine published in the Weekly epidemiological Record in January 2016 [1]. The current document is the first WHO position paper on malaria vaccination and focuses primarily on the available evidence concerning the only malaria vaccine having received a positive regulation assessment from the European Medicines Agency (EMA) [2]. The position paper gives consideration to the epidemiological features of the disease and assesses the potential use of the vaccine for public health benefits. Footnotes to this paper provide a number of core references including references to grading tables that assess the quality of the scientific evidence, and to the evidence to recommendation table. In accordance with its mandate to provide guidance to Member States on health policy matters, WHO issues a series of regularly updated position papers on vaccines and combinations of vaccines against diseases that have an international public health impact. These papers are concerned primarily with the use of vaccines in large-scale immunization programmes; they summarize essential background information on diseases and vaccines, and conclude with WHO's current position on the use of vaccines in the global context. This paper reflects the joint recommendation of the WHO's Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (SAGE) on immunization and the Malaria Policy Advisory Committee (MPAC). These recommendations were discussed by SAGE and MPAC at the October 2015 SAGE meeting. Evidence presented at the meeting can be accessed at http://www.who.int/immunization/sage/previous/en/index.html. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

78 FR 29143 - Advisory Commission on Childhood Vaccines; Notice of Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-17

... Commission on Childhood Vaccines; Notice of Meeting In accordance with section 10(a)(2) of the Federal... Commission on Childhood Vaccines (ACCV). Date and Time: June 07, 2013, 10:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. EDT. Place... Division of Vaccine Injury Compensation (DVIC), Department of Justice (DOJ), National Vaccine Program...

78 FR 49275 - Advisory Commission on Childhood Vaccines; Notice of Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-13

... Commission on Childhood Vaccines; Notice of Meeting In accordance with section 10(a)(2) of the Federal... Commission on Childhood Vaccines (ACCV). Date and Time: September 5, 2013, 10:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. EDT. Place... Division of Vaccine Injury Compensation (DVIC); Department of Justice (DOJ); National Vaccine Program...

77 FR 70169 - Advisory Commission on Childhood Vaccines; Notice of Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-23

... Commission on Childhood Vaccines; Notice of Meeting In accordance with section 10(a)(2) of the Federal... Commission on Childhood Vaccines (ACCV). Date and Time: December 6, 2012, 1:00 p.m. to 4:45 p.m. EDT. Place... Vaccine Injury Compensation (DVIC); Department of Justice (DOJ); National Vaccine Program Office (NVPO...

78 FR 69699 - Advisory Commission on Childhood Vaccines; Notice of Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-20

... Commission on Childhood Vaccines; Notice of Meeting In accordance with section 10(a)(2) of the Federal... Commission on Childhood Vaccines (ACCV). Date and Time: December 5, 2013, 10:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. (EDT... Division of Vaccine Injury Compensation (DVIC), Department of Justice, National Vaccine Program Office...

Fatal and Injury Accident Rates on Federal-Aid and Other Highway Systems/1975

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1977-01-28

Data on fatal and nonfatal injuries in motor vehicle traffic accidents for calendar year 1975 are summarized by highway system in the tables. These tables, compiled from reports submitted to the Federal Highway Administration by the 50 States and the...

Fatal and Injury Accident Rates on Federal-Aid and Other Highway Systems/1974

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1975-11-01

Data on fatal and nonfatal injuries in motor vehicle traffic accidents for calendar year 1974 are summarized by highway system in the tables. These tables, compiled from reports submitted to the Federal Highway Administration by the 50 States and the...

Polio vaccines: WHO position paper, March 2016-recommendations.

PubMed

World Health Organization

2017-03-01

This article presents the World Health Organization's (WHO) recommendations on the use of polio vaccine excerpted from the WHO position paper on polio vaccines - March 2016, published in the Weekly Epidemiological Record [1]. This position paper on polio vaccines replaces the 2014 WHO position paper [2]. The position paper summarizes the WHO position on the introduction of at least one dose of inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) into routine immunization schedules as a strategy to mitigate the potential risk of re-emergence of type 2 polio following the withdrawal of Sabin type 2 strains from oral polio vaccine (OPV) [3]. Footnotes to this paper provide a number of core references including references to grading tables that assess the quality of the scientific evidence, and to the evidence-to-recommendation table. In accordance with its mandate to provide guidance to Member States on health policy matters, WHO issues a series of regularly updated position papers on vaccines and combinations of vaccines against diseases that have an international public health impact. These papers are concerned primarily with the use of vaccines in large-scale immunization programmes; they summarize essential background information on diseases and vaccines, and conclude with WHO's current position on the use of vaccines in the global context. This position paper reflects the global switch from trivalent to bivalent OPV which took place in April 2016. Recommendations on the use of polio vaccines have been discussed on multiple occasions by SAGE, most recently in October 2016; evidence presented at these meetings can be accessed at: http://www.who.int/immunization/sage/previous/en/index.html. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Fatal and Injury Accident Rates on Federal-Aid and Other Highway Systems/1973

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1974-11-01

Data on fatal and nonfatal injuries in motor vehicle traffic accidents for calendar year 1973 are summarized highway system in the tables. These tables, compiled from reports submitted by the 50 States and the District of Columbia, include data for a...

Mechanism of Innate Resistance to Viral Encephalitis.

DTIC Science & Technology

1976-12-01

contrast, local inhabitants would likely be immune to infection from previous contact. Moreover, effective vaccination procedures for most neurotropic...individuals and, 3) developing a rational procedure for vaccin - ation. Prevailing explanations for innate genetic resistance to lethal flaviviral...He mice infected the same way (Table 7). We began to examine the responses of He and RV mice to immunization with formalinized Banzi virus vaccine (BV

Needlestick Injuries in Agriculture Workers and Prevention Programs.

PubMed

Buswell, Minden L; Hourigan, Mary; Nault, André J; Bender, Jeffrey B

2016-01-01

There are a variety of biologics, vaccines, antibiotics, and hormones used in animal agriculture. Depending upon the procedure or pharmaceutical used, accidental injections or product exposures can result in mild to severe injuries. Needlestick injury (NSI) prevention, research, and education for veterinarians and agriculture workers is limited. The objective of this study was to collect and review published case reports and case series/surveys on human needlestick exposure to veterinary biologics and to summarize needlestick prevention strategies for agricultural workers/veterinarians. A search was conducted of PubMed and Centre for Agriculture Bioscience International (CABI) databases. References were reviewed to identify additional articles. NSI among agricultural workers were primarily included in this review. Thirty articles were applicable to exposures in agricultural settings. Relevant literature consisted of case reports, survey/case series articles, prevention documents, and background articles. Fifty-nine case patients were identified. Most of these cases were associated with exposures to specific vaccines or veterinary products. Injury location was identified from 36 individuals: 24 (67%) NSI to the hands, 10 (28%) injuries to the legs, and 2 to other body locations. Of the 59 cases, 20 (34%) involved oil-adjuvant vaccines. Evidence of hospitalization was recorded for 30 case patients. The length of hospitalization was available from 11 case patients. Median length of hospitalization was 3 days (range: 1-4). Surgical intervention was reported in 25 case patients. Outcome information was available on 30 case patients. Fifteen made a complete recovery within 2 weeks of treatment, 14 had residual sequelae attributed to the injury, and there was 1 reported death. Of the 13 survey/case series articles: 2 focused on oil-adjuvant products, 1 on Brucellosis RB-51 vaccine, 3 on tilmicosin, 1 on Salmonella enteritidis vaccine, 1 on high-pressure injection, and 5 were nonspecific. NSI in agriculture workers and veterinarians can result in significant bodily injury and loss of work. There is a need for varied and comprehensive educational programs for agricultural workers and veterinarians to prevent NSI on livestock operations.

Compensation programs after withdrawal of the recommendation for HPV vaccine in Japan.

PubMed

Yuji, Koichiro; Nakada, Haruka

2016-05-03

HPV vaccinations were recommended with the backing of a Japanese government subsidy program in 2010, and were included in the National Immunization Program in April 2013. However, the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare withdrew the recommendation for the HPV vaccination in June 2013. We investigated HPV vaccine injury compensation programs for both the national and local governments. Approximately 3.38 million girls were vaccinated, and 2,584 complained of health problems. The majority of these received the vaccine shot as a non-routine vaccination. In total, 98 people developed health problems and applied for assistance from 2011 to 2014, but no cases have been processed since October 2014. Several local governments are providing their own compensation program for cases of vaccine adverse reactions, but the number is extremely low (16 of 1,741 municipalities and 1 of 47 prefectures). The local governments that are providing compensation are largely those where HPV vaccine victim support groups are prominent. The confusion regarding the national program for HPV vaccine injury was caused by the discrepancy between the compensation programs for those vaccinated under the immunization law and for those who received voluntary vaccinations. The establishment of a new compensation program might be key to finding a lasting resolution.

Compensation programs after withdrawal of the recommendation for HPV vaccine in Japan

PubMed Central

Yuji, Koichiro; Nakada, Haruka

2016-01-01

abstract HPV vaccinations were recommended with the backing of a Japanese government subsidy program in 2010, and were included in the National Immunization Program in April 2013. However, the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare withdrew the recommendation for the HPV vaccination in June 2013. We investigated HPV vaccine injury compensation programs for both the national and local governments. Approximately 3.38 million girls were vaccinated, and 2,584 complained of health problems. The majority of these received the vaccine shot as a non-routine vaccination. In total, 98 people developed health problems and applied for assistance from 2011 to 2014, but no cases have been processed since October 2014. Several local governments are providing their own compensation program for cases of vaccine adverse reactions, but the number is extremely low (16 of 1,741 municipalities and 1 of 47 prefectures). The local governments that are providing compensation are largely those where HPV vaccine victim support groups are prominent. The confusion regarding the national program for HPV vaccine injury was caused by the discrepancy between the compensation programs for those vaccinated under the immunization law and for those who received voluntary vaccinations. The establishment of a new compensation program might be key to finding a lasting resolution. PMID:26513303

76 FR 75504 - Table Saw Blade Contact Injuries; Notice of Extension of Time for Comments

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-02

... [Docket No. CPSC-2011-0074] Table Saw Blade Contact Injuries; Notice of Extension of Time for Comments... blade contact, regulatory alternatives, other possible means to address this risk, and other topics or... identifiers, contact information, or other personal information provided, to: http://www.regulations.gov . Do...

Adjuvant Activity of a Novel Metabolizable Lipid Emulsion with Inactivated Viral Vaccines

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-06-01

glycerol and lecithin . Hamsters and mice inoculated with lipid 0 emulsion plus western or Venezuelan equine encephalitis vaccine were signifi- cantly...antibody titer. soybean lecithin (Centrolex-F, Central Soya, Ft. Immunization and challenge studies. Mice or Wayne, Ind.) was dissolved in 10 parts...vaccine combined a sterile Teflon magnetic bar. The glycerol and lecithin with LE or saline as shown in the tables of individual mixture was transferred

42 CFR 102.11 - Survivors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES VACCINES SMALLPOX COMPENSATION PROGRAM... direct result of a covered injury. If the Secretary determines that a smallpox vaccine recipient or... is survived under this Program must be a deceased smallpox vaccine recipient or vaccinia contact who...

42 CFR 102.11 - Survivors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES VACCINES SMALLPOX COMPENSATION PROGRAM... direct result of a covered injury. If the Secretary determines that a smallpox vaccine recipient or... is survived under this Program must be a deceased smallpox vaccine recipient or vaccinia contact who...

42 CFR 102.11 - Survivors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES VACCINES SMALLPOX COMPENSATION PROGRAM... direct result of a covered injury. If the Secretary determines that a smallpox vaccine recipient or... is survived under this Program must be a deceased smallpox vaccine recipient or vaccinia contact who...

42 CFR 102.11 - Survivors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES VACCINES SMALLPOX COMPENSATION PROGRAM... direct result of a covered injury. If the Secretary determines that a smallpox vaccine recipient or... is survived under this Program must be a deceased smallpox vaccine recipient or vaccinia contact who...

42 CFR 102.11 - Survivors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES VACCINES SMALLPOX COMPENSATION PROGRAM... direct result of a covered injury. If the Secretary determines that a smallpox vaccine recipient or... is survived under this Program must be a deceased smallpox vaccine recipient or vaccinia contact who...

Air Force Operational Medicine: Using the Enterprise Estimating Supplies Program to Develop Materiel Solutions for the Thoracic/Vascular Surgery Team (FFGKT)

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-11-10

asset, including combat wounds, non-battle injuries , and illnesses. International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) coded patient...patient conditions and the frequency at which they would present. The resulting illness and injury frequencies characterize the expected patient...The scenario is shown in Table 1. Table 1 Thoracic/Vascular Scenario ICD-9 ICD-9 description No. patients 903.9 INJURY ARM VESSEL NOS 2 904.8

Hypersensitivity reactions to vaccine constituents: a case series and review of the literature.

PubMed

Leventhal, Jonathan S; Berger, Emily M; Brauer, Jeremy A; Cohen, David E

2012-01-01

Vaccines are composed of immunogens, preservatives, adjuvants, antibiotics, and manufacturing by-products. Components of vaccines may rarely elicit adverse reactions in susceptible individuals, thus raising concerns regarding vaccine safety. In this report, we add to the medical literature 3 cases of cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity to the vaccine preservative aluminum. We provide a review of major constituents in vaccines that have elicited immediate-type or delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions and describe their clinical manifestations. We include a table of the Food and Drug Administration-approved vaccines, which lists the quantities of major components including ovalbumin (egg protein), gelatin, aluminum, neomycin, 2-phenoxyethanol, thimerosal, and formaldehyde. Our goals were to inform physicians on the variety of hypersensitivity reactions to common vaccines and to provide information on the choice of vaccines in patients with suspected hypersensitivity.

75 FR 61768 - Advisory Commission on Childhood Vaccines; Notice of Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-06

... Commission on Childhood Vaccines; Notice of Meeting In accordance with section 10(a)(2) of the Federal... Commission on Childhood Vaccines (ACCV). Date and Time: October 28, 2010, 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. EDT. Place... meeting will include, but are not limited to: Updates from the Division of Vaccine Injury Compensation...

76 FR 27651 - Advisory Commission on Childhood Vaccines; Notice of Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-12

... Commission on Childhood Vaccines; Notice of Meeting In accordance with section 10(a)(2) of the Federal... Commission on Childhood Vaccines (ACCV). Date and Time: June 9, 2011, 1 p.m. to 5 p.m. EDT; June 10, 2011, 9... will include, but are not limited to: updates from the Division of Vaccine Injury Compensation (DVIC...

75 FR 27797 - Advisory Commission on Childhood Vaccines; Notice of Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-18

... Commission on Childhood Vaccines; Notice of Meeting In accordance with section 10(a)(2) of the Federal... Commission on Childhood Vaccines (ACCV). Date and Time: June 10, 2010, 1 p.m. to 5:30 p.m. EDT; June 11, 2010... meeting will include, but are not limited to: updates from the Division of Vaccine Injury Compensation...

77 FR 31624 - Advisory Commission on Childhood Vaccines; Notice of Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-29

... Commission on Childhood Vaccines; Notice of Meeting In accordance with section 10(a)(2) of the Federal... Commission on Childhood Vaccines (ACCV). Date and Time: June 14, 2012, 8:30 a.m. to 11:45 a.m. EDT. Place... will include, but are not limited to: updates from the Division of Vaccine Injury Compensation (DVIC...

76 FR 45583 - Advisory Commission on Childhood Vaccines; Notice of Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-29

... Commission on Childhood Vaccines; Notice of Meeting In accordance with section 10(a)(2) of the Federal... Commission on Childhood Vaccines (ACCV). Date and Time: September 1, 2011, 1 p.m. to 5 p.m. EDT, September 2... September meeting will include, but are not limited to: updates from the Division of Vaccine Injury...

77 FR 52041 - Advisory Commission on Childhood Vaccines, Notice of Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-28

... Commission on Childhood Vaccines, Notice of Meeting In accordance with section 10(a)(2) of the Federal... Commission on Childhood Vaccines (ACCV). Date and Time: September 06, 2012, 1:00 p.m. to 5:15 p.m. EDT. Place... September meeting will include, but are not limited to: Updates from the Division of Vaccine Injury...

76 FR 9030 - Advisory Commission on Childhood Vaccines; Notice of Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-02-16

... Commission on Childhood Vaccines; Notice of Meeting In accordance with section 10(a)(2) of the Federal... Commission on Childhood Vaccines (ACCV). Date And Time: March 3, 2011, 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. EDT, March 4, 2011, 9... will include, but are not limited to: updates from the Division of Vaccine Injury Compensation (DVIC...

77 FR 10756 - Advisory Commission on Childhood Vaccines; Notice of Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-23

... Commission on Childhood Vaccines; Notice of Meeting In accordance with section 10(a)(2) of the Federal... Commission on Childhood Vaccines (ACCV). Dates and Times: March 8, 2012, 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. EST. March 9, 2012... will include, but are not limited to: Updates from the Division of Vaccine Injury Compensation (DVIC...

75 FR 8727 - Advisory Commission on Childhood Vaccines; Notice of Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-25

... Commission on Childhood Vaccines; Notice of Meeting In accordance with section 10(a)(2) of the Federal... Commission on Childhood Vaccines (ACCV) Date and Time: March 4, 2010, 1 p.m. to 5:30 p.m. EST. March 5, 2010... will include, but are not limited to: Updates from the Division of Vaccine Injury Compensation (DVIC...

Use of specific immunoglobulins and vaccines for the management of accidental needlestick injury in the child: a practical review in the anti-vaccination movement era.

PubMed

Sollai, Sara; Iacopelli, Jessica; Giovannini, Mattia; Prato, Manuela; Galli, Luisa; de Martino, Maurizio; Chiappini, Elena

2016-10-01

Accidental needle injury is a common but still discussed problem. We discuss possible options to optimize the management of injured children in light of the available literature findings. The risk of viral infection is low. However, blood investigations are mandatory, as well as appropriate counselling. Anti-HBV immunoglobulins are recommended in all unvaccinated subjects exposed to a HBsAg-positive source; however, there is no agreement regarding their administration in unvaccinated children. Use of anti-tetanus immunoglobulins in unvaccinated child with minor and clean wound is well defined; however, wound type classification in the event of needlestick injury may be difficult and subjective. There is no agreement on the routine use of antiretroviral prophylaxis. From a practical point of view, several unsolved issues have emerged regarding the management of the children with needlestick injury, which appear particularly relevant in the anti-vaccination movement era. International guidelines should be encouraged at this regard.

Is herpes zoster vaccination likely to be cost-effective in Canada?

PubMed

Peden, Alexander D; Strobel, Stephenson B; Forget, Evelyn L

2014-05-30

To synthesize the current literature detailing the cost-effectiveness of the herpes zoster (HZ) vaccine, and to provide Canadian policy-makers with cost-effectiveness measurements in a Canadian context. This article builds on an existing systematic review of the HZ vaccine that offers a quality assessment of 11 recent articles. We first replicated this study, and then two assessors reviewed the articles and extracted information on vaccine effectiveness, cost of HZ, other modelling assumptions and QALY estimates. Then we transformed the results into a format useful for Canadian policy decisions. Results expressed in different currencies from different years were converted into 2012 Canadian dollars using Bank of Canada exchange rates and a Consumer Price Index deflator. Modelling assumptions that varied between studies were synthesized. We tabled the results for comparability. The Szucs systematic review presented a thorough methodological assessment of the relevant literature. However, the various studies presented results in a variety of currencies, and based their analyses on disparate methodological assumptions. Most of the current literature uses Markov chain models to estimate HZ prevalence. Cost assumptions, discount rate assumptions, assumptions about vaccine efficacy and waning and epidemiological assumptions drove variation in the outcomes. This article transforms the results into a table easily understood by policy-makers. The majority of the current literature shows that HZ vaccination is cost-effective at the price of $100,000 per QALY. Few studies showed that vaccination cost-effectiveness was higher than this threshold, and only under conservative assumptions. Cost-effectiveness was sensitive to vaccine price and discount rate.

Availability of Litigation as a Public Health Tool for Firearm Injury Prevention: Comparison of Guns, Vaccines, and Motor Vehicles

PubMed Central

Vernick, Jon S.; Rutkow, Lainie; Salmon, Daniel A.

2007-01-01

The Protection of Lawful Commerce in Arms Act (PLCAA), enacted in 2005, grants the firearm industry broad immunity from liability. The PLCAA not only prevents most people from receiving compensation for their firearm-related injuries, it erodes litigation’s ability to serve its public health role of providing manufacturers with a financial incentive to make their products safer. When the viability of the vaccine industry was threatened in the 1980s, Congress provided limited protection from liability and also established the Vaccine Injury Compensation Program. The liability of nearly all other products, for example motor vehicles, is governed by traditional common law principles. The absence of both litigation and product safety rules for firearms is a potentially dangerous combination for the public’s health. PMID:17901450

Proposal for Standardized Tabular Reporting of Observational Surgical Studies Illustrated in a Study on Primary Repair of Bile Duct Injuries.

PubMed

Cho, Jai Young; Jaeger, Allison R; Sanford, Dominic E; Fields, Ryan C; Strasberg, Steven M

2015-09-01

A standard format for reporting observational surgical studies does not exist. This creates difficulties in comparing studies and in performing synthesis through systematic reviews and meta-analyses. This article proposes a method called "standard tabular reporting" and illustrates its use in a case series of bile duct reconstructions for biliary injuries occurring during cholecystectomy. A database dealing with biliary injuries was constructed in sections. Each section was designed to be turned into a table covering one element of the subject. Whenever possible, American College of Surgeons NSQIP "Classic Variables and Definitions" were used for forming sections and tables. However, most tables are original and specific to biliary injury. The database was populated from clinical records of patients who sustained a biliary injury during cholecystectomy. Tables were created dealing with the following subjects: demographics, index operation, presentation, classification of injury, preoperative risk assessment, preoperative laboratory values, operative repair technique, postoperative complications, and long-term outcomes. Between 1997 and 2013, 122 primary bile duct reconstructions were performed, with 1 mortality and 47 complications. Good long-term results were obtained in 113 (92.6%) patients. No secondary surgical reconstructions have been needed. Presentation of data in a standard format would facilitate comparison and synthesis of observational studies on the same subject. The biliary reconstructive methods used resulted in very satisfactory outcomes. Copyright © 2015 American College of Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Subdeltoid/subacromial bursitis associated with influenza vaccination.

PubMed

Cook, Ian F

2014-01-01

A 76-year-old male presented with subacromial/subdeltoid bursitis following influenza vaccine administration into the left deltoid muscle. This shoulder injury related to vaccine administration (SIRVA) could have been prevented by the use of a safe, evidence based protocol for the intramuscular injection of the deltoid muscle.

42 CFR 110.20 - How to establish a covered injury.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false How to establish a covered injury. 110.20 Section 110.20 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES VACCINES COUNTERMEASURES INJURY COMPENSATION PROGRAM Covered Injuries § 110.20 How to establish a covered injury. (a...

42 CFR 110.20 - How to establish a covered injury.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false How to establish a covered injury. 110.20 Section 110.20 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES VACCINES COUNTERMEASURES INJURY COMPENSATION PROGRAM Covered Injuries § 110.20 How to establish a covered injury. (a...

42 CFR 110.20 - How to establish a covered injury.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false How to establish a covered injury. 110.20 Section 110.20 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES VACCINES COUNTERMEASURES INJURY COMPENSATION PROGRAM Covered Injuries § 110.20 How to establish a covered injury. (a...

42 CFR 110.20 - How to establish a covered injury.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false How to establish a covered injury. 110.20 Section 110.20 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES VACCINES COUNTERMEASURES INJURY COMPENSATION PROGRAM Covered Injuries § 110.20 How to establish a covered injury. (a...

42 CFR 102.81 - Calculation of benefits for lost employment income.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... VACCINES SMALLPOX COMPENSATION PROGRAM Calculation and Payment of Benefits § 102.81 Calculation of benefits... of work lost as a result of a covered injury or its health complications if the smallpox vaccine... based on the smallpox vaccine recipient or vaccinia contact's gross employment income, which includes...

42 CFR 102.81 - Calculation of benefits for lost employment income.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... VACCINES SMALLPOX COMPENSATION PROGRAM Calculation and Payment of Benefits § 102.81 Calculation of benefits... of work lost as a result of a covered injury or its health complications if the smallpox vaccine... based on the smallpox vaccine recipient or vaccinia contact's gross employment income, which includes...

42 CFR 102.81 - Calculation of benefits for lost employment income.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... VACCINES SMALLPOX COMPENSATION PROGRAM Calculation and Payment of Benefits § 102.81 Calculation of benefits... of work lost as a result of a covered injury or its health complications if the smallpox vaccine... based on the smallpox vaccine recipient or vaccinia contact's gross employment income, which includes...

42 CFR 102.81 - Calculation of benefits for lost employment income.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... VACCINES SMALLPOX COMPENSATION PROGRAM Calculation and Payment of Benefits § 102.81 Calculation of benefits... of work lost as a result of a covered injury or its health complications if the smallpox vaccine... based on the smallpox vaccine recipient or vaccinia contact's gross employment income, which includes...

42 CFR 102.81 - Calculation of benefits for lost employment income.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... VACCINES SMALLPOX COMPENSATION PROGRAM Calculation and Payment of Benefits § 102.81 Calculation of benefits... of work lost as a result of a covered injury or its health complications if the smallpox vaccine... based on the smallpox vaccine recipient or vaccinia contact's gross employment income, which includes...

29 CFR 1904.4 - Recording criteria.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... AND REPORTING OCCUPATIONAL INJURIES AND ILLNESSES Recordkeeping Forms and Recording Criteria § 1904.4..., injuries, and illnesses must record each fatality, injury and illness that: (1) Is work-related; and (2) Is... describe recording criteria for recording work-related injuries and illnesses? The table below indicates...

29 CFR 1904.4 - Recording criteria.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... AND REPORTING OCCUPATIONAL INJURIES AND ILLNESSES Recordkeeping Forms and Recording Criteria § 1904.4..., injuries, and illnesses must record each fatality, injury and illness that: (1) Is work-related; and (2) Is... describe recording criteria for recording work-related injuries and illnesses? The table below indicates...

29 CFR 1904.4 - Recording criteria.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... AND REPORTING OCCUPATIONAL INJURIES AND ILLNESSES Recordkeeping Forms and Recording Criteria § 1904.4..., injuries, and illnesses must record each fatality, injury and illness that: (1) Is work-related; and (2) Is... describe recording criteria for recording work-related injuries and illnesses? The table below indicates...

Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus Outbreaks and Events - Three Provinces, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2017.

PubMed

Alleman, Mary M; Chitale, Rohit; Burns, Cara C; Iber, Jane; Dybdahl-Sissoko, Naomi; Chen, Qi; Van Koko, Djo-Roy; Ewetola, Raimi; Riziki, Yogolelo; Kavunga-Membo, Hugo; Dah, Cheikh; Andriamihantanirina, Rija

2018-03-16

The last confirmed wild poliovirus (WPV) case in Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) had paralysis onset in December 2011 (1). DRC has had cases of vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs) documented since 2004 (Table 1) (1-6). After an outbreak of 30 circulating VDPV type 2 (cVDPV2) cases during 2011-2012, only five VDPV2 cases were reported during 2013-2016 (Table 1) (1-6). VDPVs can emerge from oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV types 1, 2, or 3; Sabin) polioviruses that have genetically mutated resulting in reversion to neurovirulence. This process occurs during extensive person-to-person transmission in populations with low immunity or after extended replication in the intestines of immune-deficient persons following vaccination (1-6). During 2017 (as of March 8, 2018), 25 VDPV cases were reported in three provinces in DRC: in Tanganyika province, an emergence with one VDPV2 case (pending final classification) in Kabalo health zone and an emergence with one ambiguous VDPV type 1 (aVDPV1) case in Ankoro health zone; in Maniema province, an emergence with two cVDPV2 cases; and in Haut Lomami province, an emergence with 20 cVDPV2 cases that originated in Haut Lomami province and later spread to Tanganyika province (hereafter referred to as the Haut Lomami outbreak area) and an emergence with one aVDPV type 2 (aVDPV2) case in Lwamba health zone (Table 1) (Figure) (6). Outbreak response supplementary immunization activities (SIAs) were conducted during June-December 2017 (Table 2) (6). Because of limitations in surveillance and suboptimal SIA quality and geographic scope, cVDPV2 circulation is likely continuing in 2018, requiring additional SIAs. DRC health officials and Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) partners are increasing human and financial resources to improve all aspects of outbreak response.

42 CFR 102.61 - Documentation an eligible requester seeking benefits for lost employment income must submit.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES VACCINES SMALLPOX COMPENSATION PROGRAM Required Documentation for... smallpox vaccine recipient or vaccinia contact as a result of the covered injury or its health... had not used paid leave); (b) The smallpox vaccine recipient or vaccinia contact's gross employment...

[Incidence of biological accidents at work and immune status for vaccine-preventable diseases among resident physicians in specialist training at Ferrara University Hospital].

PubMed

Stefanati, Armando; Brosio, Federica; Kuhdari, Parvanè; Baccello, Valeria; De Paris, Paola; Nardini, Marco; Boschetto, Piera; Lupi, Silvia; Gabutti, Giovanni

2017-01-01

The hospital as a work environment is particularly characterized by various risks for healthcare workers (HCWs). The main risk is represented by biological accidents, associated with the parenteral transmission of pathogens. Biological injuries can occur during the care service and the manipulation of biological fluids. Hepatitis B (and hepatitis D), hepatitis C and HIV are the most common infections transmitted by biological injuries. Physicians should acquire awareness of the risks associated with their professional activity during their training as medical residents (MRs). Some infectious diseases are preventable by vaccination and the "National Immunization Plan 2017-2019" (PNPV) recommends HCWs vaccination against hepatitis B, influenza, measles -mumps -rubella, chicken pox, and pertussis. Besides, not only HCWs' vaccination can prevent the disease in healthcare professionals, but it also may reduce the transmission to patients. Therefore, active immunization of HCWs by recommended vaccinations plays an important role to prevent disease cases, complications and death in patients. An increased awareness of risk behaviors is the first important point to address in order to reduce biological accidents and infectious diseases transmission, so as to reduce their frequency. Besides, HCWs' vaccination is useful to reinforce protection and to prevent the transmission of some infectious diseases in case of exposure. The aim of this five-year incidence study is to investigate the MRs' biological accidents characteristics and to analyze the MRs' immune status at the University of Ferrara in the period 2011-2015. Data on MRs' biological accidents and immune status at Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Ferrara in 2011-2015 were analyzed by Microsoft Excel 2007 Software. In this study, the percentage of MRs' biological injuries compared to the total number of MRs showed an annual variability, with a peak in 2011 (11.9%). During the analyzed period, there were 190 biological injuries among the MRs: 81% were percutaneous injuries and blood was the biological fluid involved in 86.3% of cases. The most frequent lesion was puncture (62.6%), occurred in 41.1% of cases by suture needles; 46.3% of accidents occurred in the operating block. These data can be explained by the more invasive and at risk activities carried out in these Operative Units. The high injuries percentage in MRs may be related to less work experience and inadequate training or informations about personal protective equipment use. Among MRs, 93.7%, 93.3% and 96.6% were immune to measles, chicken pox and hepatitis B, respectively; only in the case of rubella, 11.9% of MRs was not immune. This research showed, accordingly to published data, high adhesion to hepatitis B vaccination. However, the healthcare workers' vaccine coverage is still sub-optimal; active immunization by recommended vaccines should be implemented for both parenteral and airborne diseases. As a matter of fact, the recent measles outbreak has involved healthcare workers (4689 cases of measles, 305 in HCWs). Finally, the General Directorates of Health-care settings should improve healthcare personnel adhesion to vaccinations, such as influenza, by promotion activities in the workplace. A proposal in order to achieve coverage objectives could be making vaccinations mandatory, as well as already implemented in other countries.

Socio-Psychological Factors Driving Adult Vaccination: A Qualitative Study

PubMed Central

Wheelock, Ana; Parand, Anam; Rigole, Bruno; Thomson, Angus; Miraldo, Marisa; Vincent, Charles; Sevdalis, Nick

2014-01-01

Background While immunization is one of the most effective and successful public health interventions, there are still up to 30,000 deaths in major developed economies each year due to vaccine-preventable diseases, almost all in adults. In the UK, despite comparatively high vaccination rates among ≧65 s (73%) and, to a lesser extent, at-risk ≤65 s (52%) in 2013/2014, over 10,000 excess deaths were reported the previous influenza season. Adult tetanus vaccines are not routinely recommended in the UK, but may be overly administered. Social influences and risk-perceptions of diseases and vaccines are known to affect vaccine uptake. We aimed to explore the socio-psychological factors that drive adult vaccination in the UK, specifically influenza and tetanus, and to evaluate whether these factors are comparable between vaccines. Methods 20 in-depth, face-to-face interviews were conducted with members of the UK public who represented a range of socio-demographic characteristics associated with vaccination uptake. We employed qualitative interviewing approaches to reach a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing adult vaccination decisions. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Results Participants were classified according to their vaccination status as regular, intermittent and non-vaccinators for influenza, and preventative, injury-led, mixed (both preventative and injury-led) and as non-vaccinators for tetanus. We present our finding around five overarching themes: 1) perceived health and health behaviors; 2) knowledge; 3) vaccination influences; 4) disease appraisal; and 5) vaccination appraisal. Conclusion The uptake of influenza and tetanus vaccines was largely driven by participants' risk perception of these diseases. The tetanus vaccine is perceived as safe and sufficiently tested, whereas the changing composition of the influenza vaccine is a cause of uncertainty and distrust. To maximize the public health impact of adult vaccines, policy should be better translated into high vaccination rates through evidence-based implementation approaches. PMID:25490542

Concussion and Traumatic Brain Injury

MedlinePlus

... please turn JavaScript on. Feature: Concussion Concussion and Traumatic Brain Injury Past Issues / Summer 2015 Table of Contents Children ... Flutie: "Be on the Safe Side." / Concussion and Traumatic Brain Injury Summer 2015 Issue: Volume 10 Number 2 Page ...

Unintentional Injuries, Violence, and the Health of Young People

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2006

2006-01-01

This fact sheet defines unintentional injuries and violence as the terms are used by the CDC and provides statistics on the leading causes of injury mortality and morbidity among children and adolescents, as well as information on the context of injury occurrence. (Contains 2 tables.)

Surveillance and compensation claims for adverse events following immunization from 2011 to 2016 in the Republic of Korea.

PubMed

Kim, Min-Kyung; Lee, Yeon Kyeong; Kim, Tae Eun; Kong, Insik; Yang, Hyeon-Jong; Suh, Eun Sook

2017-07-01

In recent years, research on reported adverse events following immunization (AEFI) and claims filed for compensation has been lacking. We reviewed reported AEFIs and compensation claims in Korea from 2011 to 2016. We listed all of the AEFI registered in the Integrated Management System of Disease and Public Health and reviewed the list of claims filed and serious AEFIs reported from 2011 to 2016. An average of 278 AEFI cases was reported annually from 2011 to 2016. Of these, 31 deaths were reported. However, there was no association found between these deaths and vaccinations when evaluating vaccine lot, reviewing autopsies, and considering underlying diseases. AEFI reporting rate was as high as 20.8 cases for bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, 7.3 cases for 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23), and 5.4 cases for human papillomavirus vaccine per 100,000 vaccination doses in 2016. Of the 469 total cases that claimed vaccine injury compensation from 2011 to 2016, the BCG vaccine was most commonly involved, with 235 cases (50%), followed by influenza vaccine and PPV23, with 90 and 55 cases, respectively. Of these cases, 96% of BCG-related AEFI were compensated, while only 31% and 49% of AEFI following influenza and PPV23 vaccination, respectively, were compensated. Common characteristics of uncompensated cases included the elderly subjects, receiving influenza vaccine, having underlying disease, or a very short time interval between vaccination and symptoms. We have maintained vaccine safety management system through both rapid response to serious AEFI and vaccine injury compensation in order to sustain public trust in the National Immunization Program.

Sport Injuries for Females: Incidence and Prevention.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kindig, Louise E.

Comparisons between sport-related injuries for male and female athletes are discussed in relation to statistics gathered by the National Athletic Injury/Illness Reporting System (NAIRS) and other sources. Tables display data on: (1) athletic injuries and fatalities in colleges and universities by sport, l975-76; (2) average annual frequency of…

Preinjury Psychological Status, Injury Severity and Postdeployment Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-05-01

Millennium Cohort Study Team. Smallpox vaccination : comparison of self-reported and electronic vaccine records in the Millennium Cohort Study. Hum Vaccin ...Smith B, Leard CA, Smith TC, Reed RJ, Ryan MAK; Millennium Cohort Study Team. Anthrax vaccination in the Millennium Cohort: validation and measures of...in Adults With Autism Spectrum Dis- orders” by Suzuki et al, published in the March 2011 is- sue of the Archives (2011;68(3):306-313), some figure

76 FR 18555 - Disease, Disability, and Injury Prevention and Control Special Emphasis Panel (SEP): Initial Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-04

... announced below concerns Economic Studies of Vaccines and Immunization Policies, Programs, and Practices... to ``Economic Studies of Vaccines and Immunization Policies, Programs, and Practices, FOA IP11-007...

Suppression of immune-mediated liver injury after vaccination with attenuated pathogenic cells.

PubMed

Mei, Yunhua; Wang, Ying; Xu, Lingyun

2007-05-15

Cell vaccination via immunization with attenuated pathogenic cells is an effective preventive method that has been successfully applied in several animal models of inflammatory or autoimmune diseases. Concanavalin A (Con A)-induced hepatitis (CIH) is a commonly used experimental model to study immune-mediated liver injury. Multiple cell types including T lymphocytes, macrophages and neutrophils have been found to be involved in the pathogenesis of CIH. In this study, we used attenuated spleen lymphocytes or peripheral blood lymphocytes as vaccines to investigate whether they could induce protective immune responses to prevent mice from developing CIH. We found that mice receiving such vaccination before CIH induction developed much milder diseases, exhibited a lower level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) released into their plasma and had less inflammatory lesions in their livers. Such CIH-suppression is dose- and frequency-dependent. The suppressive effect was associated with inhibition of several major inflammatory mediators, pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines.

Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices Recommended Immunization Schedule for Adults Aged 19 Years or Older--United States, 2016.

PubMed

Kim, David K; Bridges, Carolyn B; Harriman, Kathleen H

2016-02-05

In October 2015, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)* approved the Recommended Immunization Schedule for Adults Aged 19 Years or Older, United States, 2016. This schedule provides a summary of ACIP recommendations for the use of vaccines routinely recommended for adults aged 19 years or older in two figures, footnotes for each vaccine, and a table that describes primary contraindications and precautions for commonly used vaccines for adults. Although the figures in the adult immunization schedule illustrate recommended vaccinations that begin at age 19 years, the footnotes contain information on vaccines that are recommended for adults that may begin at age younger than age 19 years. The footnotes also contain vaccine dosing, intervals between doses, and other important information and should be read with the figures.

76 FR 24031 - Disease, Disability, and Injury Prevention and Control Special Emphasis Panel (SEP): Initial Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-29

... Intervention to Promote a Targeted Vaccination program in the Obstetrician- Gynecologist Setting, FOA IP11-009... a Targeted Vaccination Program in the Obstetrician-Gynecologist Setting; FOA IP11-009, initial...

42 CFR 102.50 - Medical records necessary to establish that a covered injury was sustained.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... covered injury was sustained. 102.50 Section 102.50 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF... Eligible § 102.50 Medical records necessary to establish that a covered injury was sustained. (a) In order... Table injury was sustained, a requester may need to introduce additional medical documentation or...

42 CFR 102.50 - Medical records necessary to establish that a covered injury was sustained.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... covered injury was sustained. 102.50 Section 102.50 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF... Eligible § 102.50 Medical records necessary to establish that a covered injury was sustained. (a) In order... Table injury was sustained, a requester may need to introduce additional medical documentation or...

42 CFR 102.50 - Medical records necessary to establish that a covered injury was sustained.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... covered injury was sustained. 102.50 Section 102.50 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF... Eligible § 102.50 Medical records necessary to establish that a covered injury was sustained. (a) In order... Table injury was sustained, a requester may need to introduce additional medical documentation or...

Animal bites and rabies exposure in Australian travellers.

PubMed

Mills, Deborah J; Lau, Colleen L; Weinstein, Philip

2011-12-19

To examine the circumstances of animal exposure in a case series of Australian travellers who required rabies postexposure prophylaxis, and to assess the appropriateness of current guidelines for rabies pre-exposure vaccination. Prospective case series of 65 returned travellers who presented to four Australian travel medicine clinics between 1 April 2009 and 31 July 2010 for rabies post-exposure prophylaxis. Demographic characteristics associated with risk of injury; countries where injuries occurred; circumstances of the injuries; and travellers' experiences of obtaining postexposure prophylaxis overseas. Animal bites and scratches occurred most commonly among travellers aged 20-29 years. Most injuries occurred in Bali, Indonesia (30 [46%]) and Thailand (21 [32%]), and the most common animals responsible for the injuries to the 65 travellers were monkeys (29 travellers [45%]) and dogs (27 [42%]). Thirty-nine of the travellers (60%) initiated contact with the animal. Forty travellers (62%) were able to commence rabies vaccination overseas, but only nine (14%) were able to obtain rabies immunoglobulin overseas. Most travellers had difficulty obtaining rabies postexposure prophylaxis overseas, resulting in significant delays in appropriate treatment. We recommend that current National Health and Medical Research Council guidelines for at-risk persons be broadened, and that the risk of rabies and the option of pre-exposure vaccination be discussed with all travellers to rabies-endemic areas.

Parameterization of Injury Victim Condition as a Function of Time

DTIC Science & Technology

1976-05-01

degree burns. HEAD AND NECK --- Cerebral injury with headache; dizziness; no loss of consciousness. --- " Whiplash " complaint with no anatomical or...34Probability of Survival Tables", was derived for three injury categories: Compound and Comminuted Fractures of the Head , 4.4 [-44 0 N. >w 044 Ci2V ri) w...Commuklity Injury Category Ambulance Helicopter No Facilitie. Head Injuries .36 .34 (no treatment) Face Injuries .19 .15 Extremity Injuries .16 .13 No

78 FR 28023 - National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program; List of Petitions Received

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-13

...The Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) is publishing this notice of petitions received under the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (``the Program''), as required by Section 2112(b)(2) of the Public Health Service (PHS) Act, as amended. While the Secretary of Health and Human Services is named as the respondent in all proceedings brought by the filing of petitions for compensation under the Program, the United States Court of Federal Claims is charged by statute with responsibility for considering and acting upon the petitions.

Early Diagnosis and Intervention Strategies for Post-Traumatic Heterotopic Ossification in Severely Injured Extremities

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-12-01

the study for the presence or absence of ectopic bone formation at the indicated time points post injury (Table 1.). 8 Table 1. Incidence of HO at...7, 10, 14, and 21 days post injury 42 Palovarotene Suppresses Early Chondrogenic and Osteogenic Differentiation In this set of studies we...using MicroCT imaging to quantitate total new bone and ectopic bone (non-associated with cortical margins) volume. In a second study arm, serum was

Family Reintegration Experiences of Soldiers with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-02-26

depression scores in the spouse. Weak within-couple correlation were indicated on the other measures. Table 3 presents the Spearman correlation matrix...separately. Table 2: Spearman Correlation Coefficients for Couples Spouse MAT Spouse Depression Spouse...Anxiety Soldier MAT -0.06 Soldier Depression -0.61 Soldier Anxiety -0.12 Table 3: Spearman Correlation Coefficients for Soldiers and

Needlestick injury among interns and medical students in the Occupied Palestinian Territory.

PubMed

Al-Dabbas, M; Abu-Rmeileh, N M E

2012-07-01

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of needlestick injury (NSI) among interns and medical students as well as their knowledge of, attitude towards and their protective strategies against exposure to bloodborne pathogens. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 272 participants using a self-administered questionnaire. Just over 40% of the participants had experienced at least 1 NSI. Wound suturing was the most common cause of injury (33.5%), and the highest incidence (55.5%) was in the emergency room. Failure to report the injury to health representatives was recorded for 48.6% of NSIs. Only 46.7% of the interns had received the hepatitis B vaccine whereas most of the students (76.8%) had completed their vaccination schedule (P < 0.001). Participants were found to be at a high risk of NSIs and bloodborne infections.

[Review of the 2016 Swiss immunization schedule and technology update for improving vaccine management].

PubMed

Diana, Alessandro

2016-05-11

The 2016 immunization schedule published by the Swiss Federal Office of Public Health includes three new clauses: reimbursement of the additional Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in young males (11-26 years) as recommended by local canton programs, the end of franchise exemption for the measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccination, and the creation of a new system of indemnities and moral compensation in the event of personal injury resulting from vaccinations. This article presents the main features of the 2016 immunization schedule with details of the technology available to physicians to improve vaccine management.

Five Year Overview of Sport Injuries: The NAIRS Model.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Buckley, William E.

1982-01-01

Data from a survey of institutional members of the National Athletic Injury/Illness Reporting System (NAIRS) are presented and discussed. Included are tables showing injuries reported in high schools and colleges and universities for male and female athletes in baseball, basketball, football, gymnastics, soccer, wrestling, field hockey, track and…

FastStats: Child Health

MedlinePlus

... 7 [PDF – 2.7 MB] Leading causes of death Children aged 1-4 years Accidents (unintentional injuries) ... unintentional injuries) Cancer Intentional self-harm (suicide) Source: Deaths: Final Data for 2015, table 6 [PDF – 2. ...

An explanatory analysis of driver injury severity in rear-end crashes using a decision table/Naïve Bayes (DTNB) hybrid classifier.

PubMed

Chen, Cong; Zhang, Guohui; Yang, Jinfu; Milton, John C; Alcántara, Adélamar Dely

2016-05-01

Rear-end crashes are a major type of traffic crashes in the U.S. Of practical necessity is a comprehensive examination of its mechanism that results in injuries and fatalities. Decision table (DT) and Naïve Bayes (NB) methods have both been used widely but separately for solving classification problems in multiple areas except for traffic safety research. Based on a two-year rear-end crash dataset, this paper applies a decision table/Naïve Bayes (DTNB) hybrid classifier to select the deterministic attributes and predict driver injury outcomes in rear-end crashes. The test results show that the hybrid classifier performs reasonably well, which was indicated by several performance evaluation measurements, such as accuracy, F-measure, ROC, and AUC. Fifteen significant attributes were found to be significant in predicting driver injury severities, including weather, lighting conditions, road geometry characteristics, driver behavior information, etc. The extracted decision rules demonstrate that heavy vehicle involvement, a comfortable traffic environment, inferior lighting conditions, two-lane rural roadways, vehicle disabled damage, and two-vehicle crashes would increase the likelihood of drivers sustaining fatal injuries. The research limitations on data size, data structure, and result presentation are also summarized. The applied methodology and estimation results provide insights for developing effective countermeasures to alleviate rear-end crash injury severities and improve traffic system safety performance. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Immunizations, neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and animal-induced injuries.

PubMed

Bennett, Sean R; Brennan, Beth; Bernstein, Henry H

2007-08-01

To report recent research findings and new recommendations on immunizations, neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, and animal-induced injuries. Vaccines against rotavirus and human papilloma virus have entered clinical use. Varicella outbreaks among previously vaccinated children have prompted the recommendation for a two-dose varicella vaccine series. Broader coverage for influenza vaccination is now recommended in the US and Canada. Diagnosis and treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia uses population and hour-based norms for total serum bilirubin and assessment of risk factors. Delayed cord clamping is not apparently a risk factor for jaundice but warrants more study. Universal predischarge screening shows promise but is not yet officially recommended. New treatments for hyperbilirubinemia are being evaluated. Dogs are the chief cause of animal bites in children and the largest reservoir for rabies worldwide. In North America and Europe, cats and wild animals cause most human rabies. Postexposure prophylaxis should follow region-appropriate guidelines. New vaccines are available against rotavirus and human papilloma virus. Changes have been made to official immunization recommendations. Appropriate vaccine use can reduce the pediatric disease burden further. Hyperbilirubinemia is the subject of ongoing study, which may lead to improved diagnosis and treatment protocols and reduce the incidence of acute bilirubin encephalopathy. The best tool for rabies prevention after an animal bite is prompt postexposure prophylaxis.

42 CFR 102.83 - Payment of all benefits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Payment of all benefits. 102.83 Section 102.83 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES VACCINES SMALLPOX... vaccine-related injury is hospitalized, but all other documentation is consistent with the requester...

Two-View Gravity Stress Imaging Protocol for Nondisplaced Type II Supination External Rotation Ankle Fractures: Introducing the Gravity Stress Cross-Table Lateral View.

PubMed

Boffeli, Troy J; Collier, Rachel C; Gervais, Samuel J

Assessing ankle stability in nondisplaced Lauge-Hansen supination external rotation type II injuries requires stress imaging. Gravity stress mortise imaging is routinely used as an alternative to manual stress imaging to assess deltoid integrity with the goal of differentiating type II from type IV injuries in cases without a posterior or medial fracture. A type II injury with a nondisplaced fibula fracture is typically treated with cast immobilization, and a type IV injury is considered unstable and often requires operative repair. The present case series (two patients) highlights a standardized 2-view gravity stress imaging protocol and introduces the gravity stress cross-table lateral view. The gravity stress cross-table lateral view provides a more thorough evaluation of the posterior malleolus owing to the slight external rotation and posteriorly directed stress. External rotation also creates less bony overlap between the tibia and fibula, allowing for better visualization of the fibula fracture. Gravity stress imaging confirmed medial-sided injury in both cases, confirming the presence of supination external rotation type IV or bimalleolar equivalent fractures. Open reduction and internal fixation was performed, and both patients achieved radiographic union. No further treatment was required at 21 and 33 months postoperatively. Copyright © 2017 American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Workstation Table Engineering Model Design, Development, Fabrication, and Testing

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-05-01

This research effort is focused on providing a workstation table design that will reduce the risk of occupant injuries due to secondary impacts and to compartmentalize the occupants to prevent impacts with other objects and/or passengers seated acros...

Workstation table engineering model design, development, fabrication, and testing

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-05-01

This research effort is focused on providing a workstation table design that will reduce the risk of occupant injuries due to secondary impacts and to compartmentalize the occupants to prevent impacts with other objects and/or passengers seated acros...

Story and science

PubMed Central

Shelby, Ashley; Ernst, Karen

2013-01-01

With little or no evidence-based information to back up claims of vaccine danger, anti-vaccine activists have relied on the power of storytelling to infect an entire generation of parents with fear of and doubt about vaccines. These parent accounts of perceived vaccine injury, coupled with Andrew Wakefield’s fraudulent research study linking the MMR vaccine to autism, created a substantial amount of vaccine hesitancy in new parents, which manifests in both vaccine refusal and the adoption of delayed vaccine schedules. The tools used by the medical and public health communities to counteract the anti-vaccine movement include statistics, research, and other evidence-based information, often delivered verbally or in the form of the CDC’s Vaccine Information Statements. This approach may not be effective enough on its own to convince vaccine-hesitant parents that vaccines are safe, effective, and crucial to their children’s health. Utilizing some of the storytelling strategies used by the anti-vaccine movement, in addition to evidence-based vaccine information, could potentially offer providers, public health officials, and pro-vaccine parents an opportunity to mount a much stronger defense against anti-vaccine messaging. PMID:23811786

Immunization safety in US print media, 1995-2005.

PubMed

Hussain, Hamidah; Omer, Saad B; Manganello, Jennifer A; Kromm, Elizabeth Edsall; Carter, Terrell C; Kan, Lilly; Stokley, Shannon; Halsey, Neal A; Salmon, Daniel A

2011-05-01

To identify and describe vaccine safety in US newspaper articles. Articles (1147) from 44 states and Washington, DC, between January 1, 1995, and July 15, 2005, were identified by using the search terms "immunize or vaccine" and "adverse events or safety or exemption or danger or risk or damage or injury or side effect" and were coded by using a standardized data-collection instrument. The mean number of vaccine-safety articles per state was 26. Six (not mutually exclusive) topics were identified: vaccine-safety concerns (46%); vaccine policy (44%); vaccines are safe (20%); immunizations are required (10%); immunizations are not required (8%); and state/school exemption (8%). Three spikes in the number of newspaper articles about vaccine-safety issues were observed: in 1999 regarding rotavirus vaccine and in 2002 and 2003 regarding smallpox vaccine. Excluding articles that referred to rotavirus and smallpox vaccines, 37% of the articles had a negative take-home message. Ongoing monitoring of news on vaccine safety may help the content and framing of vaccine-safety messages.

Review of the risks and benefits of yellow fever vaccination including some new analyses.

PubMed

Monath, Thomas P

2012-04-01

The live, attenuated yellow fever (YF) 17D vaccine provides highly effective and durable immunity and is widely used for travelers to and residents of endemic areas of South America and Africa. Neurotropic and viscerotropic serious adverse events associated with these vaccines occur rarely, but YF 17D vaccine-associated viscerotropic disease (YEL-AVD) is notable for its lethality. There appear to be two distinct patterns of risk for YEL-AVD: the first in younger persons, particularly women, with defects in innate immunity, in whom the case-fatality rate is higher; and the second in elderly persons, particularly men with age-related immune senescence and a lower case-fatality rate. From 1990 to the present, the number of cases (n = 31) and deaths (n = 12) from YEL-AVD in travelers has exceeded the reports of YF (n = 6) acquired by natural infection, raising the question whether the risk of vaccination exceeds the benefit in travelers. To provide some guidance on this point, the rate of vaccine-related injury is compared with the rate of naturally acquired disease in a new analysis that estimates the immunologically susceptible denominator population in YF endemic and epidemic areas. For many years, the risk of vaccine-related illness and death was similar to the risk of illness and death from natural infection with YF in South America. Africa posed a substantially higher estimated risk of wild-type YF than vaccine-related injury. Multiple factors should be considered in making decisions about YF vaccination, including specific destination, season of the year, local evidence for YF transmission, likelihood of exposure to vector mosquitoes and individual risk factors for YEL-AVD, with the goal of increasing vaccine coverage for travel to high-risk areas and reducing unnecessary vaccination. Prospects for future, safer vaccines are also described.

Models of Hematopoietic Dynamics Following Burn for Use in Combined Injury Simulations

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-04-28

distribution is unlimited. 13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 14. ABSTRACT The effects of thermal injury were incorporated into previously developed models that...per kilogram (C kg–1) absorbed dose (rad) 1 × 10–2 joule per kilogram (J kg–1§) equivalent and effective dose (rem) 1 × 10–2 joule per kilogram (J...Gy = 1 J kg–1). **The special name for the SI unit of equivalent and effective dose is the sievert (Sv). (1 Sv = 1 J kg–1). Table of Contents Table

66 FR 13540 - Proposed Vaccine Information Materials for Pneumococcal Conjugate, Diphtheria, Tetanus, Acellular...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2001-03-06

.... (Meningitis is a serious infection of the covering of the brain). Each year pneumococcal disease causes in... pneumococcal disease, such as meningitis and blood infections. It also prevents some ear infections. But ear... Vaccine Injury Compensation Program: hepatitis B, haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), and varicella...

78 FR 61372 - Advisory Commission of Childhood Vaccines; Request for Nominations for Voting Members

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-03

... reactions; surveying federal, state, and local programs and activities related to gathering information on injuries associated with the administration of childhood vaccines, including the adverse reaction reporting... using credible data related to the frequency and severity of adverse reactions associated with childhood...

42 CFR 102.2 - Summary of available benefits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Summary of available benefits. 102.2 Section 102.2 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES VACCINES SMALLPOX... smallpox vaccine recipient or vaccinia contact was the direct result of a covered injury, as described in...

42 CFR 102.2 - Summary of available benefits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Summary of available benefits. 102.2 Section 102.2 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES VACCINES SMALLPOX... smallpox vaccine recipient or vaccinia contact was the direct result of a covered injury, as described in...

42 CFR 102.2 - Summary of available benefits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Summary of available benefits. 102.2 Section 102.2 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES VACCINES SMALLPOX... smallpox vaccine recipient or vaccinia contact was the direct result of a covered injury, as described in...

42 CFR 102.2 - Summary of available benefits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Summary of available benefits. 102.2 Section 102.2 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES VACCINES SMALLPOX... smallpox vaccine recipient or vaccinia contact was the direct result of a covered injury, as described in...

42 CFR 102.2 - Summary of available benefits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Summary of available benefits. 102.2 Section 102.2 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES VACCINES SMALLPOX... smallpox vaccine recipient or vaccinia contact was the direct result of a covered injury, as described in...

Evaluation of Testing Methods to Develop Test Requirements for a Workstation Table Safety Standard

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-10-12

Investigations of passenger train accidents have revealed serious safety hazards associated with the thin, rigid tops of workstation tables, which are common fixtures aboard rail cars. Thoracic and abdominal injuries caused by occupant impact with wo...

Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices Recommended Immunization Schedule for Adults Aged 19 Years or Older - United States, 2018.

PubMed

Kim, David K; Riley, Laura E; Hunter, Paul

2018-02-09

In October 2017, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) voted to approve the Recommended Immunization Schedule for Adults Aged 19 Years or Older, United States, 2018. The 2018 adult immunization schedule summarizes ACIP recommendations in two figures and a table of contraindications and precautions for vaccines recommended for adults, and is intended is to assist health care providers in implementing the current ACIP recommendations for vaccinating adults. The schedule can be found at https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules.* The full ACIP recommendations for each vaccine are available at https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/acip-recs/index.html. The 2018 adult immunization schedule has also been approved by the American College of Physicians (https://www.acponline.org), the American Academy of Family Physicians (https://www.aafp.org), the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (https://www.acog.org), and the American College of Nurse-Midwives (http://www.midwife.org). The ACIP-recommended use of each vaccine is developed after an in-depth review of vaccine-related data, including data on disease epidemiology, vaccine efficacy and effectiveness, vaccine safety, feasibility of program implementation, and economic aspects of immunization policy (1).

Development and Validation of a Simplified Renal Replacement Therapy Suitable for Prolonged Field Care in a Porcine (Sus scrofa) Model of Acute Kidney Injury

DTIC Science & Technology

2018-03-01

of a Simplified Renal Replacement Therapy Suitable for Prolonged Field Care in a Porcine (Sus scrofa) Model of Acute Kidney Injury. PRINCIPAL...and methods, results - include tables/figures, and conclusions/applications.) Objectives/Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious

Systems Biology Approaches for Discovering Biomarkers for Traumatic Brain Injury

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-07-01

injury (FPI), in which injury is produced by the impact of a pendulum onto a fluid reservoir, or controlled cortical impact (CCI), in which a rigid...algorithm, and the MSigDB Web site in Table 3 allows users to run GSEA on up- loaded data. One drawback to GSEA and the hypergeometric test is that

Endocannabinoids as a Target for the Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-11-01

COVERED 4 October 201 - 3 October 201 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Endocannabinoids as a Target for the Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury 5a. CONTRACT...injury, blood brain barrier, neuroinflammation, neurological dysfunction, endocannabinoids Table of Contents Introduction...promote neuroinflammation and potentially lead to neurodegeneration. We have previously demonstrated that treatments to the endocannabinoid system 2

Story and science: how providers and parents can utilize storytelling to combat anti-vaccine misinformation.

PubMed

Shelby, Ashley; Ernst, Karen

2013-08-01

With little or no evidence-based information to back up claims of vaccine danger, anti-vaccine activists have relied on the power of storytelling to infect an entire generation of parents with fear of and doubt about vaccines. These parent accounts of perceived vaccine injury, coupled with Andrew Wakefield's fraudulent research study linking the MMR vaccine to autism, created a substantial amount of vaccine hesitancy in new parents, which manifests in both vaccine refusal and the adoption of delayed vaccine schedules. The tools used by the medical and public health communities to counteract the anti-vaccine movement include statistics, research, and other evidence-based information, often delivered verbally or in the form of the CDC's Vaccine Information Statements. This approach may not be effective enough on its own to convince vaccine-hesitant parents that vaccines are safe, effective, and crucial to their children's health. Utilizing some of the storytelling strategies used by the anti-vaccine movement, in addition to evidence-based vaccine information, could potentially offer providers, public health officials, and pro-vaccine parents an opportunity to mount a much stronger defense against anti-vaccine messaging.

42 CFR 100.2 - Average cost of a health insurance policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Average cost of a health insurance policy. 100.2 Section 100.2 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES VACCINES VACCINE INJURY COMPENSATION § 100.2 Average cost of a health insurance policy. For purposes of determining...

Awareness and attitudes toward hepatitis B among Malaysian dentists.

PubMed

Razak, I A; Latifah, R J; Nasruddin, J; Esa, R

1991-01-01

A questionnaire was mailed to 1217 dentists whose names appear in the Dentist Register of 1987 in order to assess their awareness and acceptance of hepatitis B vaccine and their pattern of glove usage. Almost all the respondents (99.6%) were aware of the availability of the hepatitis B vaccine yet only 44.8% have received the vaccine. This is in spite of the fact that the majority (61.2%) of the vaccine non-acceptors have no reservations concerning the vaccine. About 71% and 63% of the vaccine-acceptors and non-acceptors respectively believed that the risk of their contracting hepatitis B was high or very high. About 22% of the vaccine non-acceptors never used gloves when treating patients as compared to 9% among vaccine acceptors. Overall, about 78% of the respondents have experienced needleprick injuries in the 3 years preceding the survey.

Lunacy revisited - the myth of the full moon: are football injuries related to the lunar cycle?

PubMed

Yousfi, Narimen; Rekik, Raouf Nader; Eirale, Cristiano; Whiteley, Rodney; Farooq, Abdulaziz; Tabben, Montassar; Gillogly, Scott; Bahr, Roald; Chamari, Karim

2018-06-06

Previous literature suggests that human behaviour and physiology are somehow altered by the moon-cycle, with particular emphasis on poorer sleep quality and increased aggressive behaviour during full moon. The latter variables can negatively impact athletes' recovery and increase the likelihood of injury resulting from collision with another athlete. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the association between the lunar cycle and injury risk in professional football players (soccer). We monitored injuries and player exposure in the premier professional league in Qatar during four consecutive seasons (2013-2014 through 2016-2017). Acute (sudden-onset traumatic) injuries (n = 1184; 587 from contact with another player and 597 without player contact) recorded during matches and training were classified according to the lunar cycle characteristics on the date of injury: (i) moon illumination, (ii) lunar distance from earth and (iii) tidal coefficient, acquired from the lunar calendar and tide tables. We used a Poisson regression model to examine the relationship between injury risk and lunar cycle characteristics. We did not detect any association between injury risk and moon illumination, earth-to-moon distance or tidal coefficient, not for all acute injuries, nor for contact and non-contact injuries when examined separately. The findings suggest that the full moon or new moon or the gravitational pull have no effect on football injuries. Thus, organisers need not consult moon or tide tables when planning future event schedules.

Sled Tests Using the Hybrid III Rail Safety ATD and Workstation Tables for Passenger Trains

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-08-01

The Hybrid III Rail Safety (H3-RS) anthropomorphic test device (ATD) is a crash test dummy developed in the United Kingdom to evaluate abdomen and lower thorax injuries that occur when passengers impact workstation tables during train accidents. The ...

Seroepidemiological survey of health care workers in Maharashtra.

PubMed

Taishete, S; Chowdhary, A

2016-01-01

HCWs all over the world carry occupational risk of getting infected with major blood borne infections through needle stick injuries (NSIs). As health care industry has been expanding, risk of nosocomial infections is increasing proportionately. Measures to prevent it and put in place a mechanism to control these injuries are needed urgently, especially in India where there is not only increase in domestic demand but impetus in health tourism. To determine HBs Ag, HBc IgM level and to assess anti-HBs level prevalence in HCWs, in a tertiary care hospital and to study the influence of factors like age and sex in the vaccinated HCWs and formulate mechanism to increase awareness to create a safe working environment in the hospitals. 437 HCWs, working in Laboratories, Surgical, Medical or Dental departments in 11 Civil Hospitals and Sub-district Hospitals covering 8 circles of the State. Qualitative and Quantitative estimation of HBs Ag and Anti-HBs by sandwich ELISA technique and qualitative HBc IgM level by antibody-capture, non-competitive test. Liver profile (SGPT, SGOT and Alkaline Phosphatase) by IFCC method done. Tabulation and Pie Circle Result: 193 of the total 229 vaccinated HCWs tested positive for core antibody, meaning that they were infected prior to HBs Ag vaccination, leaving a total of 36 'truly' vaccinated HCWs. 11 HBs Ag positive HCWs were tested for Liver Profile and all had ALAT, ASAT and ALP within normal range. Out of total number of 141 HCWs having 10 and below IU/L anti HBs, 5 HCWs were positive for HBS Ag, showing a positivity of 3.5%. Need of vaccination and for post-vaccination serological testing of all HCWs considering the high rates of non-responders and low responders (anti-HBs-34.2%). Importance of educating the HCWs of safety precautions while handling body fluids, and the management of ' sharps ' injuries.

Laboratory-acquired vaccinia virus infection in a recently immunized person--Massachusetts, 2013.

PubMed

Hsu, Christopher H; Farland, Julien; Winters, Thomas; Gunn, Julia; Caron, Donna; Evans, Jennifer; Osadebe, Lynda; Bethune, Leon; McCollum, Andrea M; Patel, Nishi; Wilkins, Kimberly; Davidson, Whitni; Petersen, Brett; Barry, M Anita

2015-05-01

On November 26, 2013, the CDC poxvirus laboratory was notified by the Boston Public Health Commission (BPHC) of an inadvertent inoculation of a recently vaccinated (ACAM2000 smallpox vaccine) laboratory worker with wild type vaccinia virus (VACV) Western Reserve. A joint investigation by CDC and BPHC confirmed orthopoxvirus infection in the worker, who had reported a needle stick in his thumb while inoculating a mouse with VACV. He experienced a non-tender, red rash on his arm, diagnosed at a local emergency department as cellulitis. He subsequently developed a necrotic lesion on his thumb, diagnosed as VACV infection. Three weeks after the injury, the thumb lesion was surgically debrided and at 2 months post-injury, the skin lesion had resolved. The investigation confirmed that the infection was the first reported VACV infection in the United States in a laboratory worker vaccinated according to the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommendations. The incident prompted the academic institution to outline biosafety measures for working with biologic agents, such as biosafety training of laboratory personnel, vaccination (if appropriate), and steps in incident reporting. Though vaccination has been shown to be an effective measure in protecting personnel in the laboratory setting, this case report underscores the importance of proper safety measures and incident reporting.

Enhancement of Intranasal Vaccination in Mice with Deglycosylated Chain A Ricin by LTR72, a Novel Mucosal Adjuvant

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-03-15

while in the presence of 4, 2, and 1 g LTR72, 100, 100 and 0% of the vaccinated mice survived, respectively. Safety of administration of two doses...without permanent epithelial changes. Administration of the adjuvant in the resence of DGCA did not cause additional changes. Compared to the surviving...mice vaccinated with DGCA alone, administration of the mucosal adjuvant with DGCA in spite of the better fficacy did not attenuate the lung injury at a

[Tetanus in Poland in 2010].

PubMed

Zieliński, Andrzej; Rudowska, Jolanta

2012-01-01

Epidemiological assessment of the incidence of tetanus in Poland in 2010 was based on the analysis of aggregate data provided by the State Sanitary Inspection and published an annual newsletter: Infectious diseases and intoxications in Poland in 2010, compiled by MP Czarkowski, E Cielebak, B Kondej, E Staszewska, Warsaw in 2011 and based on an annual newsletter: Vaccinations in Poland in 2010, compiled by MP Czarkowski, E Cielebak, B Kondej, E Staszewska, Warsaw 2011. A more accurate characterization of disease was based on the individual reports sent to the Department of Epidemiology, NIPH-NIH. In the last decade the incidence of tetanus has remained below 0.08/100 000 inhabitants. The average annual incidence was lower than in the previous decade, but within the last ten years to the annual variation is difficult to assign a distinct incidence tendency. Rather, they correspond to random fluctuations. In 2010, 16 cases were reported, including which occurred in 2009. All cases was reported as probable--diagnosis based on clinical signs and information about injuries. Overall incidence was 0.042/100 000, which was small and not significanty different from incidence in 2009 (0.05/100 000). All cases in 2010, were over 59 years of age, which is a strong expression of the trend observed for years that the disease is present in older age groups where the level of vaccination against tetanus is particularly low. Among people infected, there were three men and 13 women. Four cases ended with deaths. Three of these were women, among whom mortality was 23.1%, and one death occurred in a man, mortality 33.3%. Three deaths occurred among the 6 cases in people over 79 years of age, mortality 50%. The incubation period of the disease in 3 cases was less than 7 days, in 4 cases 8-14 days, in 4 cases 15-21 days, in 2 cases 22 days and more. Portals of entry of infection in 7 cases accounted for abrasion or laceration, in 6 cases the puncture wound in one it was bitten wound, and in 2 cases, the gates of infection remained unknown. In 3 cases involved people getting vaccinated, and 13 were not given information about the vaccination. No case has not occurred in a person with a documented vaccination. High degree of vaccination of children and adolescents against tetanus makes the tetanus, in these age groups almost completely eliminated, and the few cases occured in people in older age groups. But this is not a disease that can be eliminated from the environment and the risk of non-vaccinated people will always be in the case of injury with rupture of skin and contamination of the wound. Therefore it is important to maintain the current level of children and adolescents vaccinated against tetanus and pay attention to vaccination after injuries and adequate supply of injuries. This is particularly true of the elderly population.

Gymnastics Safety and The Law.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dailey, Bob

Data collected from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) and 26 tort liability cases are examined as a basis for recommendations for gymnastics instructors, supervisors, and administrators. Tables supply supportive statistics for a discussion of gymnastics injuries classified by sex, body part injured, severity, and…

Standing with electrical stimulation and splinting is no better than standing alone for management of ankle plantarflexion contractures in people with traumatic brain injury: a randomised trial.

PubMed

Leung, Joan; Harvey, Lisa A; Moseley, Anne M; Whiteside, Bhavini; Simpson, Melissa; Stroud, Katarina

2014-12-01

Is a combination of standing, electrical stimulation and splinting more effective than standing alone for the management of ankle contractures after severe brain injury? A multi-centre randomised trial with concealed allocation, assessor blinding and intention-to-treat analysis. Thirty-six adults with severe traumatic brain injury and ankle plantarflexion contractures. All participants underwent a 6-week program. The experimental group received tilt table standing, electrical stimulation and ankle splinting. The control group received tilt table standing alone. The primary outcome was passive ankle dorsiflexion with a 12Nm torque. Secondary outcomes included: passive dorsiflexion with lower torques (3, 5, 7 and 9Nm); spasticity; the walking item of the Functional Independence Measure; walking speed; global perceived effect of treatment; and perceived treatment credibility. OUTCOME MEASURES were taken at baseline (Week 0), end of intervention (Week 6), and follow-up (Week 10). The mean between-group differences (95% CI) for passive ankle dorsiflexion at Week 6 and Week 10 were -3 degrees (-8 to 2) and -1 degrees (-6 to 4), respectively, in favour of the control group. There was a small mean reduction of 1 point in spasticity at Week 6 (95% CI 0.1 to 1.8) in favour of the experimental group, but this effect disappeared at Week 10. There were no differences for other secondary outcome measures except the physiotherapists' perceived treatment credibility. Tilt table standing with electrical stimulation and splinting is not better than tilt table standing alone for the management of ankle contractures after severe brain injury. ACTRN12608000637347. [Leung J, Harvey LA, Moseley AM, Whiteside B, Simpson M, Stroud K (2014) Standing with electrical stimulation and splinting is no better than standing alone for management of ankle plantarflexion contractures in people with traumatic brain injury: a randomised trial.Journal of Physiotherapy60: 201-208]. Copyright © 2014 Australian Physiotherapy Association. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

75 FR 30410 - Disease, Disability, and Injury Prevention and Control Special Interest Project (SIP): Provider...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-01

..., Disability, and Injury Prevention and Control Special Interest Project (SIP): Provider and Public Health... and Public Health Input for Vaccine Policy Decisions, SIP 10-036.'' Contact Person for More Information: Michelle Mathieson, Public Health Analyst, National Center for Chronic Disease and Health...

Pathogenesis of Cell Injury by Rickettsia conorii.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-06-15

Rocky Mountain spotted fever . Vasculitis...The lesions where similar to other rickettsioses such as typhus fever and Rocky Mountain spotted fever . Vasculitis was more prominent than vascular...pathogenic mechanism of cell injury by R. conorii. The failure of killed rickettsial and bacterial vaccines, e.g., Rocky Mountain spotted fever ,

75 FR 9423 - Disease, Disability, and Injury Prevention and Control Special Emphasis Panel (SEP): Impact of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-02

... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Disease, Disability, and Injury Prevention and Control Special Emphasis Panel (SEP): Impact of Japanese Encephalitis... to ``Impact of Japanese Encephalitis Vaccination in Cambodia, FOA CK10-003.'' Contact Person for More...

Minor head trauma.

PubMed

Weight, D G

1998-09-01

This article reviews the persisting difficulty and the importance of the diagnosis of minor head trauma. The diagnosis has been complicated by pervasive disagreement regarding diagnostic criteria. This is primarily a result of the fact that evidence for actual injury is hard to obtain in minor cases because most symptoms tend to be subjective and have high base rates in the normal, uninjured population. At the same time, the diagnostic decision has important implications for patients in terms of treatment, expectancy for future function and lifestyle, and compensation for injuries. Decision theory leads us to the awareness of diagnostic errors. In addition to correct determination, the clinician can make an error of not diagnosing an injury when it has in fact occurred or making a positive diagnosis where there is no injury. The optimal strategy is to set the cutoff at the midpoint of these two error probabilities. The clinician may be willing to make one error rather than the other depending on the cost and bias involved. The second error is more likely to be made when the clinician stands as a strong advocate for the patient and willing to provide any help necessary to encourage treatment, give patients a rationale for understanding their symptoms, and help them obtain compensation for injuries. This can also lead to significant overdiagnosis of injury. The first error is more likely to be made when the clinician recognizes the potential for increasing costs to the health-care industry, the court system, and increasing personal injury claims. He or she may also recognize the vulnerability to the risk for symptom invalidity, the perpetuation of patient symptoms through suggestion, and the need for a biologic explanation for life stressors and preexisting emotional and personality constraints. It can be argued that the most objective diagnostic opinion, uninfluenced by the above biases, should ultimately be in the best interest of the patient, the clinician, legal consultants, and society. Based on the findings in this chapter, at least four symptom constellations can be identified. These have differing probabilities for residual symptoms of minor head trauma and include the following: 1. These patients' symptoms clearly meet the criteria from Table 2. This includes several findings from 1 to 10 of Table 1, together with abnormal neuropsychologic testing on the AIR, General Neuropsychological Deficit Scale, or other indicators of diminished cortical integrity. This group of patients shows a very strong probability of having experienced a brain injury and for showing residual symptoms of minor head trauma. 2. These patients have experienced concussional symptoms (e.g., headache, mild confusion, and balance and visual symptoms) that were documented at the time of injury but sustained no or brief (< 15 seconds) LOC or PTA and, therefore, do not qualify for the diagnosis in Table 2. They may still have several symptoms from Table 1, including objective findings from neuroscanning and variable neuropsychologic testing, especially in measures of attention and delayed recall. This group also shows a high probability for residual, unresolved concussional, and related symptoms. 3. These patients may have shown evidence of concussional symptoms at the time of injury, with no or brief LOC, PTA, or other symptoms from Table 1 (1-10). They continue to show persistent symptoms after 6 months to 1 year. With this group, there is a strong probability that emotional, motivational and premorbid personality factors are either causing or supporting these residual symptoms. 4. In these patients, clearly identifiable postconcussive symptoms at the time of injury are not easy to identify, and perhaps headache is the only reported symptom. There was no LOC or PTA, and virtually none of symptoms 1 to 10 in Table 1 are observed. These patients show strong evidence of symptom invalidity on MMPI-2 or other measures, and marked somatoform, depression, anx

Get Your Flu Shot!| NIH MedlinePlus the Magazine

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... of this page please turn Javascript on. Feature: Flu Shot Get Your Flu Shot! Past Issues / Winter 2011 Table of Contents ... failure, or lung disease "For the 2010–2011 flu season, the flu vaccine provides protection against the ...

Help Stop the Flu | NIH MedlinePlus the Magazine

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... of this page please turn Javascript on. Feature: Flu Shot Help Stop the Flu Past Issues / Winter 2011 Table of Contents The ... vaccinated (for everyone six months or older). Find Flu Clinics Near You At www.flu.gov Use ...

Emergency department vaccination of preschool-age children during a measles outbreak.

PubMed

Schlenker, T L; Risk, I; Harris, H

1995-09-01

To determine the effectiveness of an emergency department vaccination program for preschool-age children during a measles outbreak. Cross-section study. Urban pediatric ED with an annual census of 24,000. Children, 12 to 59 months old, who presented to our ED between April 1 and April 30, 1994. Staff trained in rationale for and protocol of ED vaccination offered measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine, free of charge, to all eligible children. Of the 541 children seen, 7% lacked measles vaccination; MMR vaccination status could not be determined in 10%. From history it was determined that all the others had been vaccinated. Of the vaccination-eligible children, 25% were vaccinated in the ED. Of the eligible children who were not vaccinated, parents declined in half of the cases and physicians did not offer vaccination in the other half. Eligible children with physical injury were more likely to be vaccinated, and those with upper respiratory tract infections were less likely to be vaccinated than were eligible children with other diagnoses (P < .05). During a measles outbreak, few children receiving care at a busy pediatric ED were definitively identified as vaccination eligible. Only a few children identified as eligible for vaccination were vaccinated. Significant logistic barriers to effective ED vaccination exist.

Acute Cerebrovascular Radiation Syndrome: Radiation Neurotoxicity , mechanisms of CNS radiation injury, advanced countermeasures for Radiation Protection of Central Nervous System.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Popov, Dmitri; Jones, Jeffrey; Maliev, Slava

Key words: Cerebrovascular Acute Radiation Syndrome (Cv ARS), Radiation Neurotoxins (RNT), Neurotransmitters, Radiation Countermeasures, Antiradiation Vaccine (ArV), Antiradiation Blocking Antibodies, Antiradiation Antidote. Psychoneuroimmunology, Neurotoxicity. ABSTRACT: To review the role of Radiation Neurotoxins in triggering, developing of radiation induced central nervous system injury. Radiation Neurotoxins - rapidly acting blood toxic lethal agent, which activated after irradiation and concentrated, circulated in interstitial fluid, lymph, blood with interactions with cell membranes, receptors and cell compartments. Radiation Neurotoxins - biological molecules with high enzymatic activity and/or specific lipids and activated or modified after irradiation. The Radiation Neurotoxins induce increased permeability of blood vessels, disruption of the blood-brain barrier, blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier and developing severe disorder of blood macro- and micro-circulation. Principles of Radiation Psychoneuro-immunology and Psychoneuro-allergology were applied for determination of pathological processes developed after irradiation or selective administration of Radiation Neurotoxins to radiation naïve mammals. Effects of radiation and exposure to radiation can develop severe irreversible abnormalities of Central Nervous System, brain structures and functions. Antiradiation Vaccine - most effective, advanced methods of protection, prevention, mitigation and treatment and was used for of Acute Radiation Syndromes and elaboration of new technology for immune-prophylaxis and immune-protection against ϒ, Heavy Ion, Neutron irradiation. Results of experiments suggested that blocking, antitoxic, antiradiation antibodies can significantly reduce toxicity of Radiation Toxins. New advanced technology include active immune-prophylaxis with Antiradiation Vaccine and Antiradiation therapy that included specific blocking antibodies to Radiation Neurotoxins. Antiradiation Vaccine and Antiradiation IgG preparations - prospective effective antidote/countermeasure for ϒ-irradiation, heavy ions irradiation, neutron irradiation. Recommendations for treatment and immune-prophylaxis of CNS injury, induced by radiation, were proposed. Specific immune therapy and specific immune prophylaxis reduce symptoms of ACvRS. This manuscript summarizes the results of experiments and considering possibility for blocking toxicological mechanisms of action of Radiation and Radiation Neurotoxins and prevention or diminishing clinical signs of injury of CNS. Experimental data suggest that Antiradiation vaccine and Antiradiation IgG with specific antibodies to Radiation Neurotoxins, Cytotoxins protect CNS against high doses of radiation.

Rat Models and Identification of Candidate Early Serum Biomarkers of Battlefield Traumatic Brain Injury

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-07-31

brain injury) All surgeries were performed using aseptic technique. Animals were checked for pain /distress immediately prior to anesthesia/surgery... Pain /distress checks were performed at 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 hours post-injury. Fluid Percussion Injury (FPI) For animals in the...NIH), and Neurobehavioral Scale (NBS). The criteria used to obtain the scores are detailed in Tables 2 and 3. As an additional endpoint, we also

Exercise-induced serum enzyme elevations confounding the evaluation of investigational drug toxicity. Report of two cases in a vaccine trial.

PubMed

Johnson, Casey; Monath, Thomas P; Kanesa-Thasan, Niranjan; Mathis, Danell; Miller, Chuck; Shapiro, Seth; Nichols, Richard; McCarthy, Karen; Deary, Alison; Bedford, Philip

2005-01-01

Two subjects developed marked elevations in creatine kinase and other serum enzymes associated with mild myalgia during a randomized, double-blind, controlled Phase 1 clinical trial of an investigational live, attenuated vaccine against West Nile virus (ChimeriVax-WN02). One subject had received ChimeriVax-WN02 while the other subject was enrolled in an active control group and received licensed yellow fever 17D vaccine (YF-VAX). Subsequently, the clinical trial was interrupted, and an investigation was begun to evaluate the enzyme abnormalities. As daily serum samples were collected for determination of quantitative viremia, it was possible to define the enzyme elevations with precision and to relate these elevations to physical activity of the subjects, symptoms, and virological and serological measurements. Evaluation of both subjects clearly showed that skeletal muscle injury, and not cardiac or hepatic dysfunction, was responsible for the biochemical abnormalities. This investigation also implicated strenuous exercise as the cause of the apparent muscle injury rather than the study vaccines. As a result of this experience, subjects engaged in future early-stage trials of these live, attenuated viral vaccines will be advised not to engage in contact sports or new or enhanced exercise regimens for which they are not trained or conditioned. The inclusion of placebo control arm (in lieu of or addition to an active vaccine control) will also be useful in differentiating causally related serum enzyme elevations.

A League Table of Child Deaths by Injury in Rich Nations. Innocenti Report Card, Issue No. 2.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Adamson, Peter; Micklewright, John; Wright, Anna

Noting that injuries are the leading cause of child death in all the world's more developed countries, this report is the second in a series of "Innocenti Report Cards" designed to monitor the performance of industrialized nations in meeting the needs of their children. The report focuses on child death by injury in the member countries…

Genetic Modeling of Radiation Injury in Prostate Cancer Patients Treated with Radiotherapy

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-10-01

nucleotide polymorphisms, prostate cancer, radiation therapy, adverse effects, urinary morbidity, rectal injury, sexual dysfunction 16. SECURITY...prostate cancer, radiation therapy, adverse effects, urinary morbidity, rectal injury, sexual dysfunction 3. ACCOMPLISHMENTS: What were the...Significant results: As shown in Table 1A, the mean age of patients across the eight studies ranged from 65 to 72 years with some moderate variation

Vaccination for the expatriate and long-term traveler.

PubMed

Shepherd, Suzanne M; Shoff, William H

2014-06-01

Duration of travel is an important factor in addressing travel health safety due to cumulative risk of exposure to illness and injury. The diverse group of expatriate and long-term business and leisure travelers present a different spectrum of issues for the travel medicine practitioner to address during consultation than does the short-term traveler, due to changes in travel patterns and activities, lifestyle alterations, and increased interaction with local populations. Immunization provides one safe and reliable method of preventing infectious illness in this group. We review travel patterns and available data on illnesses that they may be exposed to, including the increased risk of certain vaccine-preventable illnesses. We review the pre-travel management of these travelers, particularly the increased risk of certain vaccine-preventable illnesses as it applies to routine vaccines, recommended travel vaccines and required travel vaccines.

[Verticalization as a factor of early rehabilitation in the patients with a spinal cord injury].

PubMed

Makarova, M R; Romashin, O V

2013-01-01

The number of days from the spinal cord injury to rehabilitation of the victim has significantly decreased. It means that the rehabilitative treatment begins when the risk of secondary trophic lesions, cardiovascular and respiratory complications is especially high. Training with the use of a tilt-table equipped with the dynamic foot support is considered to be the highly effective method for the prevention or reduction of orthostatic hypotension, impaired ventilation, and pressure sores. This approach makes it possible to influence the patient's motivation for further recovery, decrease the duration of hospitalization in the intensive therapy ward, accelerate adaptation of the patients to the vertical posture, decrease hypotension and hypoxia, reduce to a minimum the occurrence of secondary neurologic disorders. Dynamic tilt-table training is considered to be a more effective modality for the adaptation of the patient to the vertical position than standing with the assistance of a simple table.

Reducing the risk of injury from table saw use: the potential benefits and costs of automatic protection.

PubMed

Graham, John D; Chang, Joice

2015-02-01

The use of table saws in the United States is associated with approximately 28,000 emergency department (ED) visits and 2,000 cases of finger amputation per year. This article provides a quantitative estimate of the economic benefits of automatic protection systems that could be designed into new table saw products. Benefits are defined as reduced health-care costs, enhanced production at work, and diminished pain and suffering. The present value of the benefits of automatic protection over the life of the table saw are interpreted as the switch-point cost value, the maximum investment in automatic protection that can be justified by benefit-cost comparison. Using two alternative methods for monetizing pain and suffering, the study finds switch-point cost values of $753 and $561 per saw. These point estimates are sensitive to the values of inputs, especially the average cost of injury. The various switch-point cost values are substantially higher than rough estimates of the incremental cost of automatic protection systems. Uncertainties and future research needs are discussed. © 2014 Society for Risk Analysis.

Advisory committee on immunization practices recommended immunization schedule for adults aged 19 years or older--United States, 2015.

PubMed

Kim, David K; Bridges, Carolyn B; Harriman, Kathleen H

2015-02-06

In October 2014, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) approved the Recommended Immunization Schedule for Adults Aged 19 Years or Older, United States, 2015. This schedule provides a summary of ACIP recommendations for the use of vaccines routinely recommended for adults aged 19 years or older in two figures, footnotes for each vaccine, and a table that describes primary contraindications and precautions for commonly used vaccines for adults. Changes in the 2015 adult immunization schedule from the 2014 schedule included the August 2014 recommendation for routine administration of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in series with the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) for all adults aged 65 years or older, the August 2014 revision on contraindications and precautions for the live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV), and the October 2014 approval by the Food and Drug Administration to expand the approved age for use of recombinant influenza vaccine (RIV). These revisions were also reviewed and approved by the American College of Physicians, American Academy of Family Physicians, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, and American College of Nurse-Midwives.

Sentinel Reportable Medical Events, Service Members and Other Beneficiaries of the U.S. Military Health System, First Calendar Quarter, 2012 Versus 2011

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-04-01

Dengue Norovirus Campylobacter Salmonella Shigella Heat injury Cold injury Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Hepatitis A Pertussis Varicella H...Fecal-oral Vaccine-preventable Hepatitis a pylobacter al onella Shigella Dengue Norovirus Heat injurya Cold injurya Report Documentation Page Form

Shigella sonnei Vaccine Candidates WRSs2 and WRSs3 Are as Immunogenic as WRSS1, a Clinically Tested Vaccine Candidate, in a Primate Model of Infection

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-01-01

Experiments in rabbit ileal loops and in rhesus monkeys have shown that shigellae are initially taken up by antigen sampling microfold (M) cells that are...2011) – Table 1 Shigella antigen-specific immune responses and colonization in rhesus monkeys after nasogastric administration of WRSS1, WRSs2...the respective antigens. 3.3. Mucosal responses in rhesus monkeys The mucosal immune response to Shigella LPS, and Invaplex- 50 antigens are summarized

The web and public confidence in MMR vaccination in Italy.

PubMed

Aquino, Francesco; Donzelli, Gabriele; De Franco, Emanuela; Privitera, Gaetano; Lopalco, Pier Luigi; Carducci, Annalaura

2017-08-16

Measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccination coverage in Italy has been decreasing starting from 2012 and, at the present, none of the Italian regions has achieved the goal of 95% coverage target. A decision of the Court of Justice of Rimini in March 2012 that awarded vaccine-injury compensation for a case of autism has been indicated as a probable trigger event leading to a reduction of vaccine confidence in Italy. The aim of the study was to explore the relationship between MMR vaccination coverage to online search trends and social network activity on the topic "autism and MMR vaccine", during the period 2010-2015. A significant inverse correlation was found between MMR vaccination coverage and Internet search activity, tweets and Facebook posts. New media might have played a role in spreading misinformation. Media monitoring could be useful to assess the level of vaccine hesitancy and to plan and target effective information campaigns. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Bone erosion and subacromial bursitis caused by diphtheria-tetanus-poliomyelitis vaccine.

PubMed

Salmon, J H; Geoffroy, M; Eschard, J P; Ohl, X

2015-11-17

Revaxis(®) is a vaccine against diphtheria, tetanus and poliomyelitis (dT-IPV). This vaccine should not be administered by the intradermal or intravenous route. Poor injection techniques and related consequences are rare. We report a case of bursitis associated with reactive glenohumeral effusion complicated by bone erosion occurring after injection of the dT-IPV vaccine. A 26 year old patient was admitted for painful left shoulder causing functional impairment. Control magnetic resonance imaging showed bone oedema on the upper outer part of the humeral head, with a slight cortical irregularity, indicating that the vaccine was injected in contact with the bone at this location, causing erosion. Outcome was favourable after intra-articular corticosteroids. Reports of articular or periarticular injury after vaccination are extremely rare, in view of the substantial number of vaccines administered every year. The potential complications of vaccination are well known to general practitioners but under-reported in the literature. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices Recommended Immunization Schedule for Adults Aged 19 Years or Older - United States, 2017.

PubMed

Kim, David K; Riley, Laura E; Harriman, Kathleen H; Hunter, Paul; Bridges, Carolyn B

2017-02-10

In October 2016, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) voted to approve the Recommended Adult Immunization Schedule for Adults Aged 19 Years or Older-United States, 2017. The 2017 adult immunization schedule summarizes ACIP recommendations in two figures, footnotes for the figures, and a table of contraindications and precautions for vaccines recommended for adults. These documents are available at https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules. The full ACIP recommendations for each vaccine can be found at https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/acip-recs/index.html. The 2017 adult immunization schedule was also reviewed and approved by the American College of Physicians (https://www.acponline.org), the American Academy of Family Physicians (https://www.aafp.org), the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (http://www.acog.org), and the American College of Nurse-Midwives (http://www.midwife.org).

[Saw Injuries to the Hand - Epidemiological Aspects].

PubMed

Veith, N T; Braun, B; Fritz, T; Pohlemann, T; Tschernig, T; Ziegler, R; Mörsdorf, P; Knopp, W

2017-04-01

Background: No current studies regarding saw injuries have been published in German literature for quite some time. Despite awareness measures and safety instructions, saw accidents along with crush injuries are the most common causes of severe hand injuries. Approximately 12,000 circular saw injuries occur in Germany each year. Since professional providers have increased prices due to the rising energy costs and a wide range of different home appliance saws are available, increasing use has been made of portable circular saws in the do-it-yourself market sector. Patients and methods: At our hospital, we evaluated the data of 51 male patients with saw injuries. The present study investigated factors that may contribute to accidents involving saws. Results: 80 % of the accidents occurred at home, usually on weekends or after work. 51 % of the accidents happened while patients cut firewood. In 84 % of the cases, an electric table saw was used. The majority of severe hand injuries were sustained with lower priced saws. Injuries occurred most frequently between 11 a. m. and 2 p. m., primarily with injuries to bones, tendons, blood vessels and nerves. Replantable amputations or partial amputations occured rarely. In 37 % of the patients, anatomical reconstruction using osteosynthesis and/or microsurgical techniques was performed successfully. Conclusions: Saw injuries to the hand are sustained almost exclusively by men. Serious injuries from low-priced table saws and due to the lack of protective covering are predominant. Preventive measures and mandatory training could reduce the number of saw injuries in the years to come. The results obtained by us largely confirm the data from previous publications. Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

Use of hub cutters and the volume of sharp waste and occurrence of needle-stick injuries during 2011 mass immunization campaigns against yellow fever in Ghana: a cohort study.

PubMed

Agbenu, E; Chartier, Y; Eleeza, J; Antwi-Agyei, K O; Diamenu, S; Ronveaux, O; Perea, W

2014-01-01

Current WHO best infection control practices for injections do not address the use of hub cutters due to insufficient evidence on safety and efficacy. To assess the impact of the use of hub cutters on 1) the frequency of needle-stick injuries (NSIs) and other blood exposures among workers and 2) the volume of sharps waste in a mass vaccination campaign setting. During yellow fever vaccination in Ghana, we conducted a cohort study on the use of hub cutters. We compared two groups---one group using hub cutters and a control group---for the occurrences of NSIs and the volume of sharp waste produced. In the control arm, vaccinators used 284 482 syringes in 825 vaccination sessions. In the group using hub cutter, vaccinators used 397 079 syringes in 1599 sessions. Among vaccinators, the rate of NSI was not significantly (p=0.14) different between the hub cutter users (0.15/10 000 syringes) and the control group (0.04/10 000). Factors such as workload, lack of organization and pressure seemed to have influence the occurrence of NSIs. With all the limitations of the work, the volume of sharp waste per 10 000 syringes was 0.24 m(3) in the hub cutter users and 0.41 m(3) in the control group---a reduction of 41.2%. Vaccinators found hub cutters easy to use and safe. Use of hub cutter was not associated with increased duration of work. The use of hub cutters did not increase the risk of NSIs. More training is needed to facilitate its implementation in mass campaign setting.

Occupational risks and hepatitis B vaccination status of dental auxiliaries in Nigeria.

PubMed

Azodo, C C; Ehigiator, O; Ojo, M A

2010-01-01

To assess the occupational exposure to needlestick and sharps injuries and hepatitis B vaccination status among dental auxiliaries. A descriptive cross-sectional survey of 83 dental auxiliaries was conducted that included 12 technologists, 11 therapists, 53 nurses/surgical assistants, and 7 record officers. The survey included demography, history of needlestick and sharps injury, hepatitis B vaccination, knowledge and attitude towards HIV-infected patients, and the dental auxiliaries' information needs on HIV-related issues. Of the 83 dental auxiliaries, 34 (41%) had experienced needlestick and sharps injury in the last 12 months. At the time of the study, only 43 (51.8%) had been immunized against hepatitis B. 62 (74.7%) of the respondents thought that it was easier to contract HIV than hepatitis B through needlestick in a dental clinic. 21 (25.3%) would not assist dentists treating HIV-positive patients. However, 76 (91.6%), a majority, agreed that they needed more information on HIV-related issues, with 59 (71.1%) specifying a single area of need and 17 (20.5%) more than one area of need. The single areas of need specified in descending order were infection control (n = 22, 26.5%), HIV counseling (n = 12, 14.5%), oral manifestations of HIV/AIDS (n = 11, 13.3%), postexposure prophylaxis (n = 9, 10.8%), and antiretroviral therapy (n = 5, 6.0%). The data from this survey underscore the urgent need for educational interventions to encourage safe work practices. Hepatitis B vaccination, HIV-related knowledge and proper postexposure prophylaxis are needed to prevent occupational transmission of blood-borne viruses. Copyright 2010 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Patients with severe acquired brain injury show increased arousal in tilt-table training.

PubMed

Riberholt, Christian G; Thorlund, Jonas B; Mehlsen, Jesper; Nordenbo, Annette M

2013-12-01

Patients with severe acquired brain injury (ABI) are often mobilised using a tilt-table. Complications such as orthostatic intolerance have been reported. The primary objective of this study was to investigate if using a tilt-table was feasible for mobilising patients with severe ABI admitted for sub-acute rehabilitation. We also investigated change in arousal, treatment duration before termination due to orthostatic reactions and change in muscle tone. A total of 16 patients with severe ABI were included. The patients were tilted head-up, and blood pressure, heart rate, breathing frequency and eye opening were recorded before and during the intervention. Furthermore, muscle tone was recorded before and after the intervention. Fifteen of the 16 patients did not complete the 20-min. session of tilt training due to orthostatic intolerance. There was a significant increase in the proportion of time that the patients had open eyes during treatment as compared with before treatment (p < 0.01). The mean time to occurrence of symptoms at the first, second and third tilt was 244 (standard deviation (SD) = ± 234) sec., 277 (SD = ± 257) sec. and 155 (SD = ± 67) sec., respectively. Patients with severe sub-acute ABI show orthostatic intolerance when mobilised on a tilt-table which results in a low mobilisation intensity. However, the patients showed a significant increase in arousal during mobilisation. No external funding was received for this study. All resources were provided by the Department of Neurorehabilitation, Traumatic Brain Injury Unit, Glostrup University Hospital. not relevant.

Public Health Law and Institutional Vaccine Skepticism.

PubMed

Parasidis, Efthimios

2016-12-01

Vaccine-hesitant parents are often portrayed as misinformed dilettantes clinging to unscientific Internet chatter and a debunked study that linked the MMR vaccine and autism. While this depiction may be an accurate portrayal of a small (but vocal) subset, scholars have unearthed a more complex picture that casts vaccine hesitancy in the context of broader notions of lack of trust in government and industry. At the same time, commentators have highlighted limitations of the vaccine injury compensation program and US Supreme Court Justices Sonia Sotomayor and Ruth Bader Ginsburg have argued that preemption laws that provide vaccine manufacturers with broad legal immunities create "a regulatory vacuum in which no one ensures that vaccine manufacturers adequately take account of scientific and technological advancements when designing or distributing their products." In short, the discussions surrounding vaccine hesitancy that dominate public discourse detract from serious debate as to whether amendments to vaccine-related laws can address the limitations of the existing framework governing immunizations. This commentary examines these issues through a public health law lens. Copyright © 2016 by Duke University Press.

Cumulative Risk of Guillain–Barré Syndrome Among Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Populations During the 2009 H1N1 Influenza Pandemic

PubMed Central

Iqbal, Shahed; Stewart, Brock; Tokars, Jerome; DeStefano, Frank

2014-01-01

Objectives. We sought to assess risk of Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) among influenza A (H1N1) 2009 monovalent (pH1N1) vaccinated and unvaccinated populations at the end of the 2009 pandemic. Methods. We applied GBS surveillance data from a US population catchment area of 45 million from October 15, 2009, through May 31, 2010. GBS cases meeting Brighton Collaboration criteria were included. We calculated the incidence density ratio (IDR) among pH1N1 vaccinated and unvaccinated populations. We also estimated cumulative GBS risk using life table analysis. Additionally, we used vaccine coverage data and census population estimates to calculate denominators. Results. There were 392 GBS cases; 64 (16%) occurred after pH1N1vaccination. The vaccinated population had lower average risk (IDR = 0.83, 95% confidence interval = 0.63, 1.08) and lower cumulative risk (6.6 vs 9.2 cases per million persons, P = .012) of GBS. Conclusions. Our findings suggest that at the end of the influenza season cumulative GBS risk was less among the pH1N1vaccinated than the unvaccinated population, suggesting the benefit of vaccination as it relates to GBS. The observed potential protective effect on GBS attributed to vaccination warrants further study. PMID:24524517

Disability in the United States: Prevalence and Causes, 1992. Disability Statistics Report 7.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

LaPlante, Mitchell P.; Carlson, Dawn

This report presents, in text and 13 tables, data obtained from 128,412 paricipants in the 1992 National Health Interview Survey concerning the prevalence of disability, as measured by limitation in activity caused by chronic health disorders, injuries, and impairments. Prevalence estimates are presented in tables for various population subgroups,…

Time to Get Your Seasonal Flu Shot | NIH MedlinePlus the Magazine

MedlinePlus

... of this page please turn JavaScript on. Feature: Flu Season Time to Get Your Seasonal Flu Shot Past Issues / Fall 2014 Table of Contents ... protect/vaccine/index.htm Signs and Symptoms of Flu People who have the flu often feel some ...

Injuries sustained by students in shop class.

PubMed

Knight, S; Junkins, E P; Lightfoot, A C; Cazier, C F; Olson, L M

2000-07-01

Injuries in the school environment are a serious public health problem. Injuries occurring within the school shop class are a part of this problem that has received little to no attention. The purpose of our study was to describe the epidemiology of shop class injuries in Utah public schools for the years 1992-1996. Utah statewide grades 7 through 12 school injury data for 1992-1996 were used. The data were generated from a standardized Student Injury Report form completed by school personnel immediately after the occurrence of an injury on school premises that: 1) caused loss of at least one half of a day of school; and/or 2) warranted medical attention and treatment. Shop injuries were defined as injuries that occurred in industrial art classes, vocational educational classes, or automotive classes. To determine the medical outcome and hospital charges associated with shop class injuries, we linked the Student Injury Report database to Utah statewide emergency department (ED) records (available for 1996 only), and to Utah statewide hospital inpatient discharge records (1992-1996). During 1992-1996, 14 133 students in grades 7 through 12 were injured at school, of which 1008 (7.1%) were injured during a shop class. The majority (88. 4%) of shop injuries involved equipment use. Equipment was misused in 37.9% and malfunctioned in 3.5% of the incidents. The leading injuries reported for shop equipment were lacerations (70.9%), burns (6.0%), and abrasions (4.6%), whereas the leading for nonequipment injuries were lacerations (45.4%), fractures (9.2%), and pain/tenderness (6.7%). In 1996, 167 students were injured in a shop class and 45 (26.9%) visited an ED as a result of the shop injury. Equipment was a factor in 88.9% of the shop injuries admitted to the ED. Table saws (15.0%), other saws (15.0%), and band saws (12.5%) were involved in nearly one half of the equipment injuries. Equipment was misused in 44.7% and malfunctioned in 10.5% of the incidents resulting in an ED visit. The majority (64.4%) of students sustained an open wound injury. The total ED charges were $16 571. For 1992-1996, 1008 students were injured in a shop class, 7 (.7%) required inpatient hospital care. Six of the students were injured using a table saw and 1 sustained injuries attributable to automotive cleaning fluid. Equipment was used improperly in 4 of the table saw injuries. Six of the students sustained hand injuries, with 3 suffering a traumatic amputation of a finger or thumb. The total inpatient charges were $26 747. School shop injuries have a great impact on students, their families, and schools because of the loss of productivity for the student and the financial impact. Many of the injuries are preventable. These findings stress the need for school administrators, teachers, and students to develop and improve safety policies and practices in school shop classes. In addition, the findings may provide useful information to pediatricians and enable them to better inform patients of risks in school shop classes.

Defining the Pathophysiological Role of Tau in Experimental TBI

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-10-01

clinically a blood test for improving the diagnosis of TBI-induced chronic neurodegenerative disease in the long-term post -injury time period. The...we will complete the quantitative analysis of perforant pathway synapse integrity in all 63 long-term post -injury cases. Our results thus far support...substantiated by quantitative analysis of NeuN-positive neuronal density in lateral entorhinal cortex layer II at 4 months post -injury (Table 1). At

From non school-based, co-payment to school-based, free Human Papillomavirus vaccination in Flanders (Belgium): a retrospective cohort study describing vaccination coverage, age-specific coverage and socio-economic inequalities.

PubMed

Lefevere, Eva; Theeten, Heidi; Hens, Niel; De Smet, Frank; Top, Geert; Van Damme, Pierre

2015-09-22

School-based, free HPV vaccination for girls in the first year of secondary school was introduced in Flanders (Belgium) in 2010. Before that, non school-based, co-payment vaccination for girls aged 12-18 was in place. We compared vaccination coverage, age-specific coverage and socio-economic inequalities in coverage - 3 important parameters contributing to the effectiveness of the vaccination programs - under both vaccination systems. We used retrospective administrative data from different sources. Our sample consisted of all female members of the National Alliance of Christian Mutualities born in 1995, 1996, 1998 or 1999 (N=66,664). For each vaccination system we described the cumulative proportion HPV vaccination initiation and completion over time. We used life table analysis to calculate age-specific rates of HPV vaccination initiation and completion. Analyses were done separately for higher income and low income groups. Under non school-based, co-payment vaccination the proportions HPV vaccination initiation and completion slowly rose over time. By age 17, the proportion HPV vaccination initiation/completion was 0.75 (95% CI 0.74-076)/0.66 (95% CI 0.65-0.67). The median age at vaccination initiation/completion was 14.4 years (95% CI 14.4-14.5)/15.4 years (95% CI 15.3-15.4). Socio-economic inequalities in coverage widened over time and with age. Under school-based, free vaccination rates of HPV vaccination initiation were substantially higher. By age 14,the proportion HPV vaccination initiation/completion was 0.90 (95% CI 0.90-0.90)/0.87 (95% CI 0.87-0.88). The median age at vaccination initiation/completion was 12.7 years (95% CI 12.7-12.7)/13.3 years (95% CI 13.3-13.3). Socio-economic inequalities in coverage and in age-specific coverage were substantially smaller. Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

76 FR 62678 - Table Saw Blade Contact Injuries; Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking; Request for Comments and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-11

... saw blade that is partially absorbed by the human body if contact is made. When this reduction in... tearing away of a part of the body), and crushings. Since its initial review of table saw blade contact... standards body only recently has begun to review requirements for a riving knife that may reduce certain...

42 CFR 102.41 - How to file a Request Package.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Compensation Program Office, Healthcare Systems Bureau, Health Resources and Services Administration, Parklawn... Smallpox Vaccine Injury Compensation Program Office, Healthcare Systems Bureau, Health Resources and...

42 CFR 102.41 - How to file a Request Package.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Compensation Program Office, Healthcare Systems Bureau, Health Resources and Services Administration, Parklawn... Smallpox Vaccine Injury Compensation Program Office, Healthcare Systems Bureau, Health Resources and...

42 CFR 102.41 - How to file a Request Package.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Compensation Program Office, Healthcare Systems Bureau, Health Resources and Services Administration, Parklawn... Smallpox Vaccine Injury Compensation Program Office, Healthcare Systems Bureau, Health Resources and...

42 CFR 102.41 - How to file a Request Package.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Compensation Program Office, Healthcare Systems Bureau, Health Resources and Services Administration, Parklawn... Smallpox Vaccine Injury Compensation Program Office, Healthcare Systems Bureau, Health Resources and...

42 CFR 102.41 - How to file a Request Package.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Compensation Program Office, Healthcare Systems Bureau, Health Resources and Services Administration, Parklawn... Smallpox Vaccine Injury Compensation Program Office, Healthcare Systems Bureau, Health Resources and...

Need yellow fever vaccine? Plan ahead

MedlinePlus

... Emergency Preparedness & Response Environmental Health Healthy Living Injury, Violence & Safety Life Stages & Populations Travelers’ Health Workplace Safety & Health Features Media Sign up for Features Get Email Updates To ...

Knowledge and Acceptability of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination among Women Attending the Gynaecological Outpatient Clinics of a University Teaching Hospital in Lagos, Nigeria.

PubMed

Okunade, Kehinde S; Sunmonu, Oyebola; Osanyin, Gbemisola E; Oluwole, Ayodeji A

2017-01-01

This study was aimed at determining the knowledge and acceptability of HPV vaccine among women attending the gynaecology clinics of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH). This was a descriptive cross-sectional study involving 148 consecutively selected women attending the gynaecology clinic of LUTH. Relevant information was obtained from these women using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. The data was analysed and then presented by simple descriptive statistics using tables and charts. Chi-square statistics were used to test the association between the sociodemographical variables and acceptance of HPV vaccination. All significance values were reported at P < 0.05. The mean age of the respondents was 35.7 ± 9.7 years. The study showed that 36.5% of the respondents had heard about HPV infection while only 18.9% had knowledge about the existence of HPV vaccines. Overall, 81.8% of the respondents accepted that the vaccines could be administered to their teenage girls with the level of education of the mothers being the major determinant of their acceptability ( P = 0.013). Awareness of HPV infections and existence of HPV vaccines is low. However, the acceptance of HPV vaccines is generally high. Efforts should be made to increase the awareness about cervical cancer, its aetiologies, and prevention via HPV vaccination.

Work-rate-guided exercise testing in patients with incomplete spinal cord injury using a robotics-assisted tilt-table.

PubMed

Laubacher, Marco; Perret, Claudio; Hunt, Kenneth J

2015-01-01

Robotics-assisted tilt-table (RTT) technology allows neurological rehabilitation therapy to be started early thus alleviating some secondary complications of prolonged bed rest. This study assessed the feasibility of a novel work-rate-guided RTT approach for cardiopulmonary training and assessment in patients with incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI). Three representative subjects with iSCI at three distinct stages of primary rehabilitation completed an incremental exercise test (IET) and a constant load test (CLT) on a RTT augmented with integrated leg-force and position measurement and visual work rate feedback. Feasibility assessment focused on: (i) implementation, (ii) limited efficacy testing, (iii) acceptability. (i) All subjects were able follow the work rate target profile by adapting their volitional leg effort. (ii) During the IETs, peak oxygen uptake above rest was 304, 467 and 1378 ml/min and peak heart rate (HR) was 46, 32 and 65 beats/min above rest (subjects A, B and C, respectively). During the CLTs, steady-state oxygen uptake increased by 42%, 38% and 162% and HR by 12%, 20% and 29%. (iii) All exercise tests were tolerated well. The novel work-rate guided RTT intervention is deemed feasible for cardiopulmonary training and assessment in patients with iSCI: substantial cardiopulmonary responses were observed and the approach was found to be tolerable and implementable. Implications for Rehabilitation Work-rate guided robotics-assisted tilt-table technology is deemed feasible for cardiopulmonary assessment and training in patients with incomplete spinal cord injury. Robotics-assisted tilt-tables might be a good way to start with an active rehabilitation as early as possible after a spinal cord injury. During training with robotics-assisted devices the active participation of the patients is crucial to strain the cardiopulmonary system and hence gain from the training.

Pneumonia Can Be Prevented -- Vaccines Can Help

MedlinePlus

... Emergency Preparedness & Response Environmental Health Healthy Living Injury, Violence & Safety Life Stages & Populations Travelers’ Health Workplace Safety & Health Features Media Sign up for Features Get Email Updates To ...

Rubella: Make Sure Your Child Gets Vaccinated

MedlinePlus

... Emergency Preparedness & Response Environmental Health Healthy Living Injury, Violence & Safety Life Stages & Populations Travelers’ Health Workplace Safety & Health Features Media Sign up for Features Get Email Updates To ...

Approved Methods and Algorithms for DoD Risk-Based Explosives Siting

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-02-02

glass. Pgha Probability of a person being in the glass hazard area Phit Probability of hit Phit (f) Probability of hit for fatality Phit (maji...Probability of hit for major injury Phit (mini) Probability of hit for minor injury Pi Debris probability densities at the ES PMaj (pair) Individual...combined high-angle and combined low-angle tables. A unique probability of hit is calculated for the three consequences of fatality, Phit (f), major injury

Preliminary Rotary Wing Full Spectrum Crashworthiness Criteria

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-01-01

6.2.1 Injury Risk Due to Occupant Loads Cervical forces and moments are to be used to evaluate injury to the head/neck, torso acceleration is used to...injury) for dynamic neck tension (lifting forces) at the occipital condyles (C0-C1, upper neck) and cervical vertebrae (C7-T1, lower neck) are defined...Neck Compression and Shear Force Limits The maximum acceptable cervical compression and shear force limits are defined in the following table

Examining the Correlation between Objective Injury Parameters, Personality Traits, and Adjustment Measures among Burn Victims

PubMed Central

Weissman, Oren; Domniz, Noam; Petashnick, Yoel R.; Gilboa, Dalia; Raviv, Tal; Barzilai, Liran; Farber, Nimrod; Harats, Moti; Winkler, Eyal; Haik, Josef

2015-01-01

Background: Burn victims experience immense physical and mental hardship during their process of rehabilitation and regaining functionality. We examined different objective burn-related factors as well as psychological ones, in the form of personality traits that may affect the rehabilitation process and its outcome. Objective: To assess the influence and correlation of specific personality traits and objective injury-related parameters on the adjustment of burn victims post-injury. Methods: Sixty-two male patients admitted to our burn unit due to burn injuries were compared with 36 healthy male individuals by use of questionnaires to assess each group’s psychological adjustment parameters. Multivariate and hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to identify differences between the groups. Results: A significant negative correlation was found between the objective burn injury severity (e.g., total body surface area and burn depth) and the adjustment of burn victims (p < 0.05, p < 0.001, Table 3). Moreover, patients more severely injured tend to be more neurotic (p < 0.001), and less extroverted and agreeable (p < 0.01, Table 4). Conclusion: Extroverted burn victims tend to adjust better to their post-injury life while the neurotic patients tend to have difficulties adjusting. This finding may suggest new tools for early identification of maladjustment-prone patients and therefore provide them with better psychological support in a more dedicated manner. PMID:25874193

Colonic injuries (primary repair and proximal colostomy).

PubMed

Tripathi, Munishwar D; Mishra, Brijesh

2005-01-01

This paper compares the outcome of colonic injuries (primary repair and proximal colostomy) in 94 cases. It concludes that certain risk factors are of predictive value in case of colon injuries (eg, gross fecal contamination, more than two visceral injuries, more than four units of blood transfusion, and extensive colonic injuries) irrespective of type of operation performed. Primary repair is debatable; however, in the present antibiotic era, it is safe and less costly than the two-stage procedure of proximal colostomy with repair. Primary repair can be performed in almost all cases except in certain selected cases that are decided on the table, taking into account the above risks factors. Mortality in cases of colonic injuries is associated with risk factors rather than colonic injury itself.

Immunizations, neonatal jaundice, and animal-induced injuries.

PubMed

Morris, Shaine A; Bernstein, Henry H

2004-08-01

Published studies during the past year about three topics important to the pediatric clinician-- immunizations, neonatal jaundice, and animal-induced injuries-are concisely reviewed. Recent updates regarding vaccines including the questionable link with autism, implementation of universal influenza vaccination for young children, the efficacy of pneumococcal vaccine against invasive disease, and new information on pertussis, varicella, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, measles, and rotavirus vaccination are discussed. No association between measles/mumps/rubella vaccine or thimerosal-containing pertussis vaccine and autism is evident. Universal influenza vaccination for children 6 to 23 months of age will be recommended for the 2004-2005 flu season, and this implementation should reduce significant school absenteeism as well as complications seen last year including encephalopathy, seizures, respiratory failure, and pneumonia. Pneumococcal vaccine significantly reduces rates of invasive pneumococcal vaccine in healthy and HIV-infected children, although it does not appear to greatly affect otitis media rates. A reduction in post-vaccine febrile seizures appears to be present since the introduction of acellular pertussis vaccine. Multiple outbreaks in varicella have been reported since the introduction of the varicella vaccine, and a booster vaccination may be necessary in the future. Methods for detecting and preventing severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia are reviewed, as well as anticipated recommendations from the American Academy of Pediatrics for the detection and management of hyperbilirubinemia. High bilirubin levels in preterm infants may result in hearing dysfunction and developmental impairment. The American Academy of Pediatrics has recommended a higher level of monitoring for newborn jaundice and treatment of hyperbilirubinemia in an effort to prevent kernicterus and sequelae from elevated bilirubin levels, including post-discharge follow-up appointment by day 3 to 5 of age. Dog bites in children with resultant post-traumatic stress disorder, rabies, and salmonellosis from pet reptiles in the home are also addressed. Clinicians need to be aware of the risk for rabies bites, need to recognize that dog bites in children appear to cause post-traumatic stress disorder in more than half of cases, and need to know how to educate patients on how to prevent salmonellosis from pet reptiles and amphibians. Progress has been made in immunizations, especially immunization for influenza, pneumonia, and pertussis. It is recommended that monitoring for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia be more thorough to prevent the consequences of this condition. Rabies, post-traumatic stress disorder from dog bites, and salmonellosis associated with pet reptiles constitute an important area for patient education.

Hepatitis B vaccination status and needlestick injuries among healthcare workers in syria.

PubMed

Yacoub, Rabi; Al Ali, Radwan; Moukeh, Ghamez; Lahdo, Ayham; Mouhammad, Yaser; Nasser, Mahmood

2010-01-01

Although a majority of countries in the Middle East show intermediate or high endemicity of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, which clearly poses a serious public health problem in the region, the situation in the Republic of Syria remains unclear. The aim of this study is to determine the hepatitis B vaccination status, to assess the number of vaccinations administered, and to estimate the annual incidence of needlestick injuries (NSIs) among healthcare workers (HCWs) in Aleppo University hospitals. A cross-sectional design with a survey questionnaire was used for exploring details of NSIs during 2008, hepatitis B vaccination status, and HBV infection among a random stratified sample of HCWs in three tertiary hospitals in Aleppo (n = 321). Two hundred and forty-six (76.6%) HCWs had sustained at least one NSI during 2008. Nine (2.8%) had HBV chronic infection and 75 HCWs (23.4%) were never vaccinated. Anesthesiology technicians had the greatest exposure risk when compared to office workers [OR = 16,95% CI (2.55-100), P < 0.01], doctors [OR = 10,95% CI (2.1 47.57), P < 0.01], and nurses [OR = 6.75,95% CI (1.56-29.03), P = 0.01]. HCWs under 25 and between the age of 25 and 35 years were at increased risk for NSI when compared to HCWs older than 45 years [OR = 3.12,95% CI (1.19-8.19), P = 0.02] and [OR = 3.05,95% CI (1.42-6.57), P < 0.01], respectively. HCWs at Aleppo University hospitals are frequently exposed to blood-borne infections. Precautions and protection from NSIs are important in preventing infection of HCWs. Education about the transmission of blood-borne infections, vaccination, and post-exposure prophylaxis must be implemented and strictly monitored.

Hepatitis B Vaccination Status and Needlestick Injuries Among Healthcare Workers in Syria

PubMed Central

Yacoub, Rabi; Al Ali, Radwan; Moukeh, Ghamez; Lahdo, Ayham; Mouhammad, Yaser; Nasser, Mahmood

2010-01-01

Background: Although a majority of countries in the Middle East show intermediate or high endemicity of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, which clearly poses a serious public health problem in the region, the situation in the Republic of Syria remains unclear. The aim of this study is to determine the hepatitis B vaccination status, to assess the number of vaccinations administered, and to estimate the annual incidence of needlestick injuries (NSIs) among healthcare workers (HCWs) in Aleppo University hospitals. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional design with a survey questionnaire was used for exploring details of NSIs during 2008, hepatitis B vaccination status, and HBV infection among a random stratified sample of HCWs in three tertiary hospitals in Aleppo (n = 321). Results: Two hundred and forty-six (76.6%) HCWs had sustained at least one NSI during 2008. Nine (2.8%) had HBV chronic infection and 75 HCWs (23.4%) were never vaccinated. Anesthesiology technicians had the greatest exposure risk when compared to office workers [OR = 16,95% CI (2.55-100), P < 0.01], doctors [OR = 10,95% CI (2.1 47.57), P < 0.01], and nurses [OR = 6.75,95% CI (1.56-29.03), P = 0.01]. HCWs under 25 and between the age of 25 and 35 years were at increased risk for NSI when compared to HCWs older than 45 years [OR = 3.12,95% CI (1.19-8.19), P = 0.02] and [OR = 3.05,95% CI (1.42-6.57), P < 0.01], respectively. Conclusion: HCWs at Aleppo University hospitals are frequently exposed to blood-borne infections. Precautions and protection from NSIs are important in preventing infection of HCWs. Education about the transmission of blood-borne infections, vaccination, and post-exposure prophylaxis must be implemented and strictly monitored. PMID:20300414

A 51-year-old woman crushed by an elephant trunk.

PubMed

Tsung, Ann H; Allen, Brandon R

2015-03-01

Wild and exotic animal attacks are not common in the United States. Animal-related injuries in the United States are usually caused by dog bites, followed by cattle and horse injuries. Exotic animal attacks can occur when the animals are provoked, depressed, or housed improperly by owners. We report the case of a 51-year-old woman who sustained multiple systemic traumatic injuries after she was pinned to a fence by an elephant's trunk. Upon arrival in the emergency department, she was hypothermic with a temperature of 35.1ºC (95.1ºF), hypotensive to 94/60 mm Hg after 5 L crystalloid, tachycardic at 108 beats/min, and intubated with oxygen saturation of 100%. Tranexamic acid was administered in addition to starting a massive transfusion protocol. Injuries included bilateral multiple rib fractures, left abdominal wall degloving injury, right pneumothorax, right hemothorax, left chest wall puncture wound, grade IV splenic laceration, 3 grade III liver lacerations, retroperitoneal hematoma, and degloving injuries to bilateral posterior thighs requiring more than 30 operations. Why should an emergency physician be aware of this? Several factors need to be considered when evaluating animal-related injuries, including type, age, and sex of the animal. Multisystem traumatic injuries should be assumed when a large animal is involved. Prehospital care and transport time are vital to a patient's survival in both urban and rural settings. During the initial resuscitation, administering antibiotics tailored to the specific animal can greatly decrease risk of infection and morbidity. Additionally, tetanus immunoglobulin, tetanus toxoid, and rabies immunoglobulin and vaccine may be needed, unless the victim has been previously vaccinated. Copyright © 2015 Wilderness Medical Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Health risks and travel preparation among foreign visitors and expatriates during the 2008 Beijing Olympic and Paralympic Games.

PubMed

Jentes, Emily S; Davis, Xiaohong M; Macdonald, Susan; Snyman, P Johann; Nelson, Hugh; Quarry, Doug; Lai, Irene; van Vliet, Erik W N; Balaban, Victor; Marano, Cinzia; Mues, Katherine; Kozarsky, Phyllis; Marano, Nina

2010-03-01

During the 2008 Olympic and Paralympic Games, we conducted surveillance of illnesses among travelers at six Beijing clinics. Surveys asked about demographic, pre-travel, and vaccination information, and physician-provided diagnoses. Of 807 respondents, 38% and 57% were classified as foreign visitors (FV) and expatriates, respectively. Less than one-half of FV sought pre-travel advice; sources included health-care providers and friends/family. FV vaccination rate was also low; however, most vaccines given were recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The most common FV diagnoses were respiratory, injury/musculoskeletal, and gastrointestinal illnesses; for expatriates, injury/musculoskeletal, respiratory, and dermatologic were the most common illnesses. Respiratory illnesses in expatriates were significantly less in 2008 than during 2004-2007 (chi(2) = 10.2; P = 0.0014), suggesting that control programs may have reduced pollutants/respiratory irritants during the 2008 Games. We found no previous studies of health outcomes among expatriates living in cities with mass travel events. These findings highlight the need to continuously disseminate information to health-care providers advising travelers.

Health Risks and Travel Preparation Among Foreign Visitors and Expatriates During the 2008 Beijing Olympic and Paralympic Games

PubMed Central

Jentes, Emily S.; Davis, Xiaohong M.; MacDonald, Susan; Snyman, P. Johann; Nelson, Hugh; Quarry, Doug; Lai, Irene; van Vliet, Erik W. N.; Balaban, Victor; Marano, Cinzia; Mues, Katherine; Kozarsky, Phyllis; Marano, Nina

2010-01-01

During the 2008 Olympic and Paralympic Games, we conducted surveillance of illnesses among travelers at six Beijing clinics. Surveys asked about demographic, pre-travel, and vaccination information, and physician-provided diagnoses. Of 807 respondents, 38% and 57% were classified as foreign visitors (FV) and expatriates, respectively. Less than one-half of FV sought pre-travel advice; sources included health-care providers and friends/family. FV vaccination rate was also low; however, most vaccines given were recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The most common FV diagnoses were respiratory, injury/musculoskeletal, and gastrointestinal illnesses; for expatriates, injury/musculoskeletal, respiratory, and dermatologic were the most common illnesses. Respiratory illnesses in expatriates were significantly less in 2008 than during 2004–2007 (χ2 = 10.2; P = 0.0014), suggesting that control programs may have reduced pollutants/respiratory irritants during the 2008 Games. We found no previous studies of health outcomes among expatriates living in cities with mass travel events. These findings highlight the need to continuously disseminate information to health-care providers advising travelers. PMID:20207875

Noninvasive vaccination against infectious diseases.

PubMed

Zheng, Zhichao; Diaz-Arévalo, Diana; Guan, Hongbing; Zeng, Mingtao

2018-04-06

The development of a successful vaccine, which should elicit a combination of humoral and cellular responses to control or prevent infections, is the first step in protecting against infectious diseases. A vaccine may protect against bacterial, fungal, parasitic, or viral infections in animal models, but to be effective in humans there are some issues that should be considered, such as the adjuvant, the route of vaccination, and the antigen-carrier system. While almost all licensed vaccines are injected such that inoculation is by far the most commonly used method, injection has several potential disadvantages, including pain, cross contamination, needlestick injury, under- or overdosing, and increased cost. It is also problematic for patients from rural areas of developing countries, who must travel to a hospital for vaccine administration. Noninvasive immunizations, including oral, intranasal, and transcutaneous administration of vaccines, can reduce or eliminate pain, reduce the cost of vaccinations, and increase their safety. Several preclinical and clinical studies as well as experience with licensed vaccines have demonstrated that noninvasive vaccine immunization activates cellular and humoral immunity, which protect against pathogen infections. Here we review the development of noninvasive immunization with vaccines based on live attenuated virus, recombinant adenovirus, inactivated virus, viral subunits, virus-like particles, DNA, RNA, and antigen expression in rice in preclinical and clinical studies. We predict that noninvasive vaccine administration will be more widely applied in the clinic in the near future.

Technologies for the marketplace from the Centers for Disease Control

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Reid-Sanden, Frances L.; Greene, R. Eric; Malvitz, Dolores M.

1991-01-01

The Centers for Disease Control, a Public Health Service agency, is responsible for the prevention and control of disease and injury. Programs range from surveillance and prevention of chronic and infectious diseases to occupational health and injury control. These programs have produced technologies in a variety of fields, including vaccine development, new methods of disease diagnosis, and new tools to ensure a safer work environment.

A novel vaccine p846 encoding Rv3615c, Mtb10.4, and Rv2660c elicits robust immune response and alleviates lung injury induced by Mycobacterium infection.

PubMed

Kong, Hongmei; Dong, Chunsheng; Xiong, Sidong

2014-01-01

Development of effective anti-tuberculosis (TB) vaccines is one of the important steps to improve control of TB. Cell-mediated immune response significantly affects the control of M. tuberculosis infection. Thus, vaccines able to elicit strong cellular immune response hold special advantages against TB. In this study, three well-defined mycobacterial antigens (Rv3615c, Mtb10.4 [Rv0228], and Rv2660c) were engineered as a novel triple-antigen fusion DNA vaccine p846. The p846 vaccine consists of a high density of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell epitopes. Intramuscular immunization of p846 induced robust T cells mediated immune response comparable to that of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination but more effective than that of individual antigen vaccination. After mycobacterial challenge, p846 immunization decreased bacterial burden at least 15-fold compared with individual antigen-based vaccination. Notably, the lungs of mice immunized with p846 exhibited fewer inflammatory cell infiltrates and less damage than those of control group mice. Our data demonstrate that the potential of p846 vaccine to protect against TB and the feasibility of this design strategy for further TB vaccine development.

Medical Surveillance Monthly Report. Volume 18, Number 2, February 2011

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-02-01

land (n=239, 8.4%), and American football (n=161, 5.7%) (Table 3). Figure 2. Annual incidence rates of cruciate ligament injuries , by service, active...NEC 365 12.5 Late complications, late effects of old injuries 342 12.0 Basketball 288 10.1 Other specifi ed agents, on land 239 8.4 Football 161 5.7... prevention of such injuries in young, healthy, and physically active U.S. military populations. 11, 12, 13 Reported by: Jennifer A. Cockrill, MS, MPH, Jr

Economic Values for Evaluation of Federal Aviation Administration Investment and Regulatory Programs

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-10-01

Classifications: Critical Spinal Cord Injury Resulting in Quadriplegia $ 2,210,000 Critical Head Injury Resulting in Total Disability $ 2,460,000...34 Table 8 Percentage Utility Loss Associated with Severe Injuries AIS 4 AIS 5 Quadriplegia Paraplegia Quadriplegia Paraplegia Spinal Cord 109% 46% 109... Quadriplegia : d Air Carrier Domestic Pass. 1,719,071 91,522 223,492 23,784 75.4% Int’l Pass. 1,719,071 237,261 225,049 23,915 4.8% Commuter 1,719,071

A Model Process for Setting Military Injury Prevention Priorities and Making Evidence-Based Recommendations for Interventions

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-08-01

physical training, and sports emerge as more important causes of injuries. Data such as these clearly indicate a need to shift the focus of military...5 Table 2. 25 Causes of Unintentional Injury Hospitalization* 1. Accidents with own instruments of war 14. Machinery/tools 2. Athletics/ sports ...Physical Training – 308 2. Privately Owned Motor Vehicles – 271 3. Athletics and Sports – 261 4. Excessive Heat – 255 5. Military Vehicles – 252

Immunogenicity and safety results from a randomized multicenter trial comparing a Tdap-IPV vaccine (REPEVAX®) and a tetanus monovalent vaccine in healthy adults

PubMed Central

Laurichesse, Henri; Zimmermann, Ulrich; Galtier, Florence; Launay, Odile; Duval, Xavier; Richard, Patrick; Sadorge, Christine; Soubeyrand, Benoit

2012-01-01

In adults with a tetanus-prone injury, combined vaccines such as Tdap-IPV (REPEVAX®) can boost immunity against several diseases simultaneously. This Phase IIIb, parallel-group, open-label trial compared antibody responses to Tdap-IPV and tetanus monovalent vaccine (TMV; Vaccin Tétanique Pasteur® or Tetavax®) against tetanus toxoid 10 and 28 d post-vaccination. Between July and December 2009, four centers in France and five in Germany recruited healthy adults who had received a tetanus-containing vaccine 5−10 y previously. Participants were randomized 1:1 to receive at the first visit a single dose (0.5 mL) of Tdap-IPV or TMV, with follow-up visits at Day 10 and Day 28. Outcomes: per protocol (PP) population immunogenicity at Day 10 (primary) and at Day 28 (secondary); safety throughout the study. Of 456 adults randomized, 223 received Tdap-IPV and 233 received TMV (PP population: 183 and 199 participants, respectively). All participants receiving Tdap-IPV and 99.0% receiving TMV had an anti-tetanus antibody concentration ≥ 0.1 IU/mL, confirming non-inferiority of Tdap-IPV to TMV (95% confidence interval of the difference: –1.2, 3.6). Number of adverse events reported was comparable in each group. Injection-site reactions were reported by 76.6% participants receiving Tdap-IPV and 74.6% receiving TMV. Systemic events (e.g., malaise, myalgia and headache) were reported in 47.7% and 39.7% of the Tdap-IPV and the TMV groups, respectively. Tdap-IPV is effective and well-tolerated for use in the management of tetanus-prone injuries in emergency settings in persons for whom a booster against diphtheria, pertussis and poliomyelitis is also needed. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00928785. Research sponsored by Sanofi Pasteur MSD. PMID:23032160

Immunization Against Infectious Disease

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mortimer, Edward A., Jr.

1978-01-01

The success of present and future immunization programs is endangered by public and physician complacency and by complex legal and ethical problems related to informed consent and responsibility for rare, vaccine-related injury. (BB)

Human papillomavirus vaccination coverage in Luxembourg - Implications of lowering and restricting target age groups.

PubMed

Latsuzbaia, Ardashel; Arbyn, Marc; Weyers, Steven; Mossong, Joël

2018-04-25

In Luxembourg, a national Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programme was introduced in 2008, targeting 12-17 year old girls offering a choice of bivalent or quadrivalent vaccine free of charge. In 2015, the programme was changed offering the bivalent vaccine only to 11-13 year old girls. The aim of this study was to evaluate the HPV vaccination coverage, to assess the impact of age target changes and compare vaccination coverage to other European countries. Anonymous HPV vaccination records consisting of individual vaccine doses obtained free of charge in pharmacies between 2008 and 2016 were extracted from the Luxembourgish Social Security database. Additional aggregate tables by nationality and municipality were analysed. Of the target cohort of 39,610 girls born between 1991 and 2003 residing in Luxembourg, 24,550 (62.0%) subjects obtained at least one dose, 22,082 (55.7%) obtained at least two doses, and 17,197 (43.4%) obtained three doses of HPV vaccine. The mean age at first dose was 13.7 years during 2008-14 and 12.7 years in 2016 after the age target change. Coverage varied significantly by nationality (p < 0.0001): Portuguese (80%), former Yugoslavs (74%), Luxembourgish (54%), Belgian (52%), German (47%), French (39%) and other nationalities (51%). Coverage varied also by geographical region, with lower rates (<50%) noted in some Northern and Central areas of Luxembourg (range: 38% to 78%). Overall HPV vaccination coverage in Luxembourg is moderate and varied by nationality and region. The policy changes in 2015 did not have a substantial impact except lowering age at initiating vaccination. Options to improve coverage deserve further investigation. Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

Administrative compensation of medical injuries: a hardy perennial blooms again.

PubMed

Barringer, Paul J; Studdert, David M; Kachalia, Allen B; Mello, Michelle M

2008-08-01

Periods in which the costs of personal injury litigation and liability insurance have risen dramatically have often provoked calls for reform of the tort system, and medical malpractice is no exception. One proposal for fundamental reform made during several of these volatile periods has been to relocate personal injury disputes from the tort system to an alternative, administrative forum. In the medical injury realm, a leading incarnation of such proposals in recent years has been the idea of establishing specialized administrative "health courts." Despite considerable stakeholder and policy-maker interest, administrative compensation proposals have tended to struggle for broad political acceptance. In this article, we consider the historical experience of administrative medical injury compensation proposals, particularly in light of comparative examples in the context of workplace injuries, automobile injuries, and vaccine injuries. We conclude by examining conditions that may facilitate or impede progress toward establishing demonstration projects of health courts.

Countermeasure development : Specific Immunoprophylaxis and Immunotherapy of Combined Acute Radiation Syndromes.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Popov, Dmitri; Maliev, Slava

Introduction: Combined Acute Radiation Syndromes (CARS) are extremely severe injuries. Combination of Radiation and Thermal factors induce development of the acute pathologi-cal processes in irradiated mammals: systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), toxic multiple organ injury (TMOI), toxic multiple organ dysfunction syndromes (TMOD), toxic multiple organ failure (TMOF). Also, high doses of Radiation and Thermal injury induce for-mation of following Toxin groups: A. Specific Radiation Toxins; B. Specific Thermal Toxins; C. Nonspecific Histiogenic Pro-inflammatory and Inflammatory Toxins (NHIT). Specific Radi-ation Toxins (SRT) include four major group of Toxins: Cerebrovascular Radiation Toxins (Cv RT), Cardiovascular Radiation Toxins (Cr RT), Gastrointestinal Radiation Toxins (Gi RT), and Hematopoietic Radiation Toxins (Hp RT). CvRT, Cr RT, Gi RT groups of toxins are defined as Neurotoxins and Hp RT group is defined as Hematotoxins. Specific Thermal Toxins (STT) were isolated from the burned skin (Voul S., Colker I. 1972). The group of Nonspecific Histio-genic Inflammatory Toxins (NHIT) includes high amount of tissue toxins which are peptides with medium molecular weight. This group of polypeptides can be a significant factor as a part of developing of the general inflammation reaction. However, NHIT toxins can't induce many reactions and changes which are specific for radiation. Specific Radiation Toxins (SRT) can induce specific processes and reactions such as clonogenic cell death -programmed apoptotic necrosis. Although besides high doses of radiation, other forms of cell death such as Pyroptosis or Oncosis should be considered. We postulate that NHIT toxins are similar for high doses of radiation and thermal injury. Specific Radiation Toxins (SRT) are induced by high doses of radiation. Specific Thermal Toxins (STT) toxins which formation is induced by a Thermal Factor are different from SRT. Administration of STT toxins or NHIT toxins (IV or IM) to healthy mammals induces development of lymphocytosis, leukocytosis, trombocytosis, and ac-tivation of blood coagulation cascade. Administration of SRT (IV or IM) to radiation naive animals induces leukopeina, thrombopenia, lymphopenia as a result of clonogenic programmed cell death. Blood coagulation cascade suppression is registered. Materials and Methods: Cows, horses, rabbits, rats, mice were used for different stages of our experiments. Animals were quarantined at laboratory conditions for three weeks prior to experimentation. Isolation of the SRT was provided from the central lymphatic duct of irradiated cows. Immunization of horses and rabbits to obtain Antiradiation Antibodies (Specific Antiradiation Antidote -SAR) was provided. Animals: cows, mice, rats were irradiated in the VSRI (Kazan), Academy of Vet-erinary Medicine (Moscow), Scientific Research Institute of Radiobiology (Gomel), Scientific Research Nuclear Center (Dubna). Equipment for gamma-irradiation: " Pyma", "Panorama" -Co gamma radiation source. Irradiation was performed by different doses corresponding to induction of severe forms of the Acute Radiation Syndromes (ARS). Mice and rats were re-ceiving the combined radiation and thermal injury. Model of the thermal injury: Burns -10% of total body surface. Third grade of burns was used as a model. Thermal Injury was given after irradiation. Preparations of Antiradiation Vaccine -contained a toxoid form of Radiation Toxins were used for immune-prophylaxis. Preparations of Antiradiation Antidote IgG con-tained antibodies to Radiation Toxins was used for immune-therapy. Scheme of experiments: I. Control: Group A. Animals with the ARS not received any treatment. Group B. Animals with the thermal injury not received any treatment. Group C. Animals with combined forms of the ARS not received any treatment. II. Specific Immune-prophylaxis with Antiradiation Vaccine (AV): Group D. Animals undergone immune-prophylaxis by AV. Irradiation was provided 24 days after vaccination. Group E. Animals undergone immune-prophylaxis by AV. Thermal injury was provided 24 days after vaccination. Group F. Animals undergone vaccination by AV and with combined injury. Irradiation was provided 24 days after vaccination. Thermal injury was provided immediately after irradiation. III. Specific Immune-therapy with Antiradiation Antidote IgG (AA IgG): Group G. Animals with ARS undergone immune-therapy by AA IgG. Group H. Animals with the thermal injury undergone immune-therapy by AA IgG. Group I. Animals with the combined radiation thermal injury undergone treatment by AA IgG. Results: The Lethality Doses (LD) 100/30 of radiation caused 100 % mortality rate in next 30 days after irradiation with development of different forms of the ARS in all groups. The thermal injury induced the third degree burns with area of dry necrosis in Group B. Mortality rate in this group with thermal injury without treatment was almost 100 % within next 30 days. Lethality rate at Combined Radiation and Thermal injury without any treatment in group C was 100 % within next 30 days. Immune-prophylaxis by the specific AV was most effective for animals with the ARS and survival rate was up to 70 %. Although, immune-therapy by the specific AA IgG demonstrated less effectiveness and demonstrated survival rate 50%-60% in different groups of irradiated animals. For animals with the thermal injury only, immune-therapy by the AV and immune-prophylaxis by AA IgG were significantly ineffective and the survival rate had not exceeded 15 %. Results of specific immune-therapy and immune-prophylaxis provided at combined radiation thermal injury (CRTI) had demonstrated 30% of survival rate. Conclusion: Effects of Different Biological Response to specific immune-prophylaxis with AV and specific immune-therapy with AA IgG had demonstrated effective radio-protection for irradiated ani-mals with different forms of the ARS. The recovery phases demonstrated a shorter period of reconvalescence. Effects of the specific immune-prophylaxis by the AV and immune-therapy by AA IgG provided for animals with thermal and combined injury were less effective although use-ful. However,Immune-prophylaxis and Immune-therapy by the Specific Immune-modifiers used at combined and Thermal injury demonstrated a prolonged life time after immune-prophylaxis. Demarcation zone of burns and necrotic tissues rejection were more expressed after immune-therapy. Additional specific Immune-prophylaxis with the Thermal Injury Toxins and Specific Immune-therapy with the specific anti-thermal injury antibodies (serum of IgG preparation) can significantly improve results of therapy of thermal and combined injury.

Antiradiation UV Vaccine: UV Radiation, Biological effects, lesions and medical management - immune-therapy and immune-protection.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Popov, Dmitri; Jones, Jeffrey; Maliev, Slava

Key Words: Ultraviolet radiation,Standard Erythema Dose(SED), Minimal Erythema Dose(MED), Sun Burns, Solar Dermatitis, Sun Burned Disease, DNA Damage,Cell Damage, Antiradiation UV Vaccine, Immune-Prophylaxis of Sun Burned Diseases, Immune-Prophylaxis of Sun Burns, Immune-Therapy of Sun-Burned Disease and Sun Burns,Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC), Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC), Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis(TEN). Introduction: High doses of UV generated by solar source and artificial sources create an exposure of mammals and other species which can lead to ultraviolet(UV)radiation- associated disease (including erythema, epilation, keratitis, etc.). UV radiation belongs to the non-ionizing part of the electromagnetic spectrum and ranges between 100 nm and 400 nm with 100 nm having been chosen arbitrarily as the boundary between non-ionizing and ionizing radiation, however EMR is a spectrum and UV can produce molecular ionization. UV radiation is conventionally categorized into 3 areas: UV-A (>315-400 nm),UV-B (>280-315 nm)and UV-C (>100-280 nm) [IARC,Working Group Reports,2005] An important consequence of stratospheric ozone depletion is the increased transmission of solar ultraviolet (UV)radiation to the Earth's lower atmosphere and surface. Stratospheric ozone levels have been falling, in certain areas, for the past several decades, so current surface ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation levels are thought to be close to their modern day maximum. [S.Madronich et al.1998] Overexposure of ultraviolet radiation a major cause of skin cancer including basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) { collectively referred to as “non-melanoma" skin cancer (NMSC) and melanoma as well, with skin cancers being the most common cancer in North America. [Armstrong et al. 1993, Gallagher et al. 2005] Methods and Experimental Design: Our experiments and testing of a novel UV “Antiradiation Vaccine” have employed a wide variety of laboratory animals which include : Chinchilla rabbits, 11-12 months old, live weight 3.5-3.7 (n=11), Balb mice, 2-3 months old, live weight 20-22 g (n=33), Wistar rats, 3-4 months old, live weight 180-220 g(n=33). The studies were approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee for ethical animal research equivalent, at each institution. Seven rabbits, ten mice, eleven Wistar rats were vaccinated with a UV antiradiation vaccine. A second group of animals was used as biological control which received vaccine but no UV Radiation and a third group of animals was used as control without any interventions. Before and after UV Radiation, Vaccination with the UV antiradiation vaccine were provided 17 days prior to UV exposure. The animals were irradiated by a DRT-1 UV generator lamp. The dose of irradiation for laboratory, experimental animals was 10-12 * Standard Erythema Dose (SED) at L=283,7 Laboratory animals were placed in to the box with ventilation. Results: Ultraviolet irradiation of the skin was performed with high doses and causes an inflammation or erythema in all experimental animals. However the grade of skin damage and inflammation was significantly different between animals protected by vaccination and non-protected, non-vaccinated animals. Animals UV-irradiated, but who did not receive the antiradiation vaccine suffered from extensive UV skin burns of second or third degree (grade 2-3). However, animals protected with the UV antiradiation vaccine demonstrated much mild forms of skin cellular injury - mainly erythema, first degree skin burns and a few small patches with second degree skin burns (grade 1-2). Discussion: The severity of skin damage depended on area of exposed skin, time and dose of UV irradiation. Skin injury could be divided into 4 major grades: 1. Faint erythema with dry desquamation. 2. Moderate to severe erythema. 3. Severe erythema with blistering, moist desquamation. 4. Toxic epidermal necrolysis. Mild doses of UV radiation and ionizing radiation can induce cell death by apoptosis and moderate and high doses of UV and ionizing radiation induce cell death by necrosis and generate systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), toxic multiple organ injury (TMOI), toxic multiple organ dysfunction syndromes (TMODS),and finally, toxic multiple organ failure (TMOF). [D.Popov et al.2012, Fliedner T.et al. 2005, T. Azizova et al. 2004] UV-B is a complete carcinogen that is absorbed by DNA and directly damages DNA. DNA damage induced by UV-B irradiation typically includes the formation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimmers (CPD) and 6-4 photoproducts (6-4P)[IARC, Working Group Reports, M.Saraiya et al. 2004]. The pre-vaccinated animals seem to have a blunted injury response relative to the unvaccinated animals, presumably by reduction in the inflammatory response and secondary injury effects. The mechanism of action of the antiradiation vaccine, needs further evaluation. Conclusion: A UV antiradiation vaccine appears to demonstrate efficacy as a prophylactic agent for acute solar burns and toxicity. An antiradiation UV vaccine could be used in conjunction with adjunctive measures, e.g. antioxidants and UV barriers to reduce UV radiation toxicity. The authors of this experiments would like to propose further development work of the antiradiation UV vaccine to enhance the armamentarium for prophylaxis and prevention of the various forms skin cancer.

Tracking the global spread of vaccine sentiments: the global response to Japan's suspension of its HPV vaccine recommendation.

PubMed

Larson, Heidi J; Wilson, Rose; Hanley, Sharon; Parys, Astrid; Paterson, Pauline

2014-01-01

In June 2013 the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare (MHLW) suspended its HPV vaccination recommendation after a series of highly publicized alleged adverse events following immunization stoked public doubts about the vaccine's safety. This paper examines the global spread of the news of Japan's HPV vaccine suspension through online media, and takes a retrospective look at non-Japanese media sources that were used to support those claiming HPV vaccine injury in Japan. Two searches were conducted. One searched relevant content in an archive of Google Alerts on vaccines and vaccine preventable diseases. The second search was conducted using Google Search on January 6th 2014 and on July 18th 2014, using the keywords, "HPV vaccine Japan" and "cervical cancer vaccine Japan." Both searches were used as Google Searches render more (and some different) results than Google Alerts. Online media collected and analyzed totalled 57. Sixty 3 percent were published in the USA, 23% in Japan, 5% in the UK, 2% in France, 2% in Switzerland, 2% in the Philippines, 2% in Kenya and 2% in Denmark. The majority took a negative view of the HPV vaccine, the primary concern being vaccine safety. The news of Japan's suspension of the HPV vaccine recommendation has traveled globally through online media and social media networks, being applauded by anti-vaccination groups but not by the global scientific community. The longer the uncertainty around the Japanese HPV vaccine recommendation persists, the further the public concerns are likely to travel.

Tracking the global spread of vaccine sentiments: The global response to Japan's suspension of its HPV vaccine recommendation

PubMed Central

Larson, Heidi J; Wilson, Rose; Hanley, Sharon; Parys, Astrid; Paterson, Pauline

2014-01-01

In June 2013 the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare (MHLW) suspended its HPV vaccination recommendation after a series of highly publicized alleged adverse events following immunization stoked public doubts about the vaccine's safety. This paper examines the global spread of the news of Japan's HPV vaccine suspension through online media, and takes a retrospective look at non-Japanese media sources that were used to support those claiming HPV vaccine injury in Japan. Methods: Two searches were conducted. One searched relevant content in an archive of Google Alerts on vaccines and vaccine preventable diseases. The second search was conducted using Google Search on January 6th 2014 and on July 18th 2014, using the keywords, “HPV vaccine Japan” and “cervical cancer vaccine Japan.” Both searches were used as Google Searches render more (and some different) results than Google Alerts. Results: Online media collected and analyzed totalled 57. Sixty 3 percent were published in the USA, 23% in Japan, 5% in the UK, 2% in France, 2% in Switzerland, 2% in the Philippines, 2% in Kenya and 2% in Denmark. The majority took a negative view of the HPV vaccine, the primary concern being vaccine safety. Discussion: The news of Japan's suspension of the HPV vaccine recommendation has traveled globally through online media and social media networks, being applauded by anti-vaccination groups but not by the global scientific community. The longer the uncertainty around the Japanese HPV vaccine recommendation persists, the further the public concerns are likely to travel. PMID:25483472

Chronic Nosebleeds: What to Do

MedlinePlus

... Infections Learning Disabilities Obesity Orthopedic Prevention Sexually Transmitted Skin Tobacco Treatments Injuries & Emergencies Vaccine Preventable Diseases Healthy Children > Health Issues > Conditions > Ear Nose & Throat > Chronic Nosebleeds: What To Do Health Issues Listen Español ...

Challenges in conducting a community-based influenza vaccine trial in a rural community in northern India.

PubMed

Kumar, Rakesh; Amarchand, Ritvik; Narayan, Venkatesh Vinayak; Saha, Siddhartha; Lafond, Kathryn E; Kapoor, Suresh K; Dar, Lalit; Jain, Seema; Krishnan, Anand

2018-04-04

Evidence on influenza vaccine effectiveness from low and middle countries (LMICs) is limited due to limited institutional capacities; lack of adequate resources; and lack of interest by ministries of health for influenza vaccine introduction. There are concerns that the highest ethical standards will be compromised during trials in LMICs leading to mistrust of clinical trials. These factors pose regulatory and operational challenges to researchers in these countries. We conducted a community-based vaccine trial to assess the efficacy of live attenuated influenza vaccine and inactivated influenza vaccine in rural north India. Key regulatory challenges included obtaining regulatory approvals, reporting of adverse events, and compensating subjects for trial-related injuries; all of which were required to be completed in a timely fashion. Key operational challenges included obtaining audio-visual consent; maintaining a low attrition rate; and administering vaccines during a narrow time period before the influenza season, and under extreme heat. We overcame these challenges through advanced planning, and sustaining community engagement. We adapted the trial procedures to cope with field conditions by conducting mock vaccine camps; and planned for early morning vaccination to mitigate threats to the cold chain. These lessons may help investigators to confront similar challenges in other LMICs.

Copolymer-1 vaccination regimens for neuroprotection in laser-induced retinal injuries

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Belokopytov, Mark; Dubinsky, Galina; Belkin, Michael; Epstein, Yoram; Rosner, Mordechai

2005-04-01

The neuroprotective effect of immunization by glatiramer acetate (Copolymer-1, Cop-1, Copaxone) in adjuvant against laser-induced retinal damage was previously reported. The present study quantitatively compares various regimens of this vaccination for reducing the spread of laser-induced retinal damage and investigates the cellular mechanism of Cop-1 activity. Standard argon laser lesions were created in 78 DA pigmented rats divided into five groups: three Cop-1 single treatment groups (treated 7 days before, immediately after, or 24 hours after the injury), one group treated twice (7 days before and 20 days after injury), and a control group treated with adjuvant 7 days before the injury. The retinal lesions were evaluated 3, 20, and 60 days after the injury. Immunostaining of the retinas of the pretreated and control group animals 3 days after the laser injury was performed for T-cell detection. Cop-1 pre-immunization reduced photoreceptor loss at all time points as measured over the central zone of the lesion and 3 and 20 days after lasing as measured over the whole damaged area. Lesion diameter was reduced only 60 days after laser injury in pre-treated animals. Cop-1 given immediately after injury reduced cell loss as measured 20 and 60 days later in the whole lesion and 20 days after the laser irradiation, when measured in the center of lesion. It had no effect on lesion diameter. Late treatment reduced only the lesion diameter at all time points. Repeated treatment enhanced the neuroprotective effect, decreasing the cell loss in the center of lesion and reducing the diameter of lesion. T-cells were detected in the retinal lesions of pre-immunized animals and not in non-treated group, demonstrating the cellular immune mechanism of Cop-1. Immunization with Cop-1 is neuroprotective against laser-induced retinal injuries, and repeating the treatment enhances this effect. Cellular immune action of Cop-1 of was detected.

Fire Fighters’ Ability and Willingness to Participate in a Pandemic

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-03-01

Death Associated with Moderate and Severe Pandemic Influenza Scenarios* .........61 Table 13. Vaccine Priority Group Recommendations...Department of Heath and Human Services’ Pandemic Influenza Plan calculates plans for a clinical attack rate (the rate at which the disease will...occurs. 4 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), HHS Pandemic Influenza Plan

Investigation of repeated vaccination as a possible cause of glomerular disease in mink.

PubMed

Newman, Shelley Joy; Johnson, Roger; Sears, William; Wilcock, Brian

2002-07-01

The search for antigens capable of causing immune-complex-mediated glomerulonephritis continues. Modified live-virus vaccines commercially available for veterinary use are a possible source. In this study, repeated vaccination of mink with live-virus vaccines was investigated as a model for vaccine-induced glomerular injury. Three groups of 10-wk-old mink, 15 per group, were vaccinated once with 4-way vaccine against distemper, Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, botulism and mink viral enteritis. Subsequently, all mink in each group each were vaccinated either with the 4-way vaccine, a monovalent canine distemper vaccine, or saline. Glomerular function was assessed at 2-wk intervals by determining the urinary protein:creatinine (P:C) ratio. Kidney sections taken at necropsy, 20 wk after the 1st vaccination, were examined by light and immunofluorescent microscopy for deposition of immunoglobulin and complement. There was no statistically significant difference between the treated and control groups based on average urinary P:C ratio medians. Light microscopic changes were detected in glomeruli, but Fisher's exact test showed no significant differences between any of the treatment groups. Deposition of immunoglobulin but not complement was significantly more frequent (P < 0.05) in the glomeruli of animals that received multiple injections of the 4-way vaccine than in the glomeruli of those given only the monovalent canine distemper vaccine or saline. These findings suggest that repeated vaccination may increase the glomerular deposition of immunoglobulin. Further studies are required to determine if the increased deposition of immunoglobulin contributes to the development of glomerular damage and to identify the antigens driving production of the deposited immunoglobulin.

Estimation of skull table thickness with clinical CT and validation with microCT.

PubMed

Lillie, Elizabeth M; Urban, Jillian E; Weaver, Ashley A; Powers, Alexander K; Stitzel, Joel D

2015-01-01

Brain injuries resulting from motor vehicle crashes (MVC) are extremely common yet the details of the mechanism of injury remain to be well characterized. Skull deformation is believed to be a contributing factor to some types of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Understanding biomechanical contributors to skull deformation would provide further insight into the mechanism of head injury resulting from blunt trauma. In particular, skull thickness is thought be a very important factor governing deformation of the skull and its propensity for fracture. Current computed tomography (CT) technology is limited in its ability to accurately measure cortical thickness using standard techniques. A method to evaluate cortical thickness using cortical density measured from CT data has been developed previously. This effort validates this technique for measurement of skull table thickness in clinical head CT scans using two postmortem human specimens. Bone samples were harvested from the skulls of two cadavers and scanned with microCT to evaluate the accuracy of the estimated cortical thickness measured from clinical CT. Clinical scans were collected at 0.488 and 0.625 mm in plane resolution with 0.625 mm thickness. The overall cortical thickness error was determined to be 0.078 ± 0.58 mm for cortical samples thinner than 4 mm. It was determined that 91.3% of these differences fell within the scanner resolution. Color maps of clinical CT thickness estimations are comparable to color maps of microCT thickness measurements, indicating good quantitative agreement. These data confirm that the cortical density algorithm successfully estimates skull table thickness from clinical CT scans. The application of this technique to clinical CT scans enables evaluation of cortical thickness in population-based studies. © 2014 Anatomical Society.

'Hesitant compliers': Qualitative analysis of concerned fully-vaccinating parents.

PubMed

Enkel, Stephanie L; Attwell, Katie; Snelling, Thomas L; Christian, Hayley E

2017-10-11

Some parents are hesitant about vaccines and yet still vaccinate their children. Vaccine behaviours are not fixed and parents who are concerned but nonetheless adherent to standard schedules could switch to an unconventional schedule, delaying or cherry-picking vaccines. There is a need to better understand vaccine hesitancy in specific contexts, acknowledging cultural and geographical variation, to ensure interventions targeting hesitancy are well directed and received. To identify the behaviours, knowledge and attitudes of 'hesitant compliers' in Perth, Western Australia, nine one-on-one in-depth interviews were conducted with vaccinating parents of children (<5 years) who were identified as being hesitant. Interview transcripts were analysed qualitatively and themes developed inductively, following a constructivist paradigm. Parents saw vaccination as important for themselves and their community, despite their limited knowledge of vaccine preventable diseases. Parents reported concerns about potential side effects, and worried about the safety of the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) and seasonal influenza vaccines. Concerned about the role of anti-vaccination information in the community, some sought to isolate themselves from parents who did not vaccinate, although others were concerned that this could entrench non-vaccinators' behaviours. Parents' views were all underlaid by two pivotal 'vaccine-related events' that had occurred in the community: the severe injury of a baby from seasonal influenza vaccination in 2010, and the death of a baby from whooping cough in 2015. Parents interpreted pivotal vaccine-related events in the community as requiring them to take personal responsibility for vaccine decisions. Their reports of continued vaccine fears (evident in international studies in recent decades) demonstrate that vaccine scares have long lasting effects. With vaccine rates high and stable, current strategies appear to be have little impact on addressing parental vaccine concerns. Further research is required to determine the prevalence of hesitancy amongst vaccinating parents and identify critical points for intervention. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Playing with Pain.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McKinney-Browning, Mabel C.

1983-01-01

The uncommonly high injury rate among professional football players has given rise to a range of sports-related legal issues. Three football professionals and two lawyers discuss the issues in a round-table discussion. (RM)

Lack of association between measles-mumps-rubella vaccination and autism in children: a case-control study.

PubMed

Mrozek-Budzyn, Dorota; Kiełtyka, Agnieszka; Majewska, Renata

2010-05-01

The first objective of the study was to determine whether there is a relationship between the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination and autism in children. The second objective was to examine whether the risk of autism differs between use of MMR and the single measles vaccine. Case-control study. The 96 cases with childhood or atypical autism, aged 2 to 15, were included into the study group. Controls consisted of 192 children individually matched to cases by year of birth, sex, and general practitioners. Data on autism diagnosis and vaccination history were from physicians. Data on the other probable autism risk factors were collected from mothers. Logistic conditional regression was used to assess the risk of autism resulting from vaccination. Assessment was made for children vaccinated (1) Before diagnosis of autism, and (2) Before first symptoms of autism onset. Odds ratios were adjusted to mother's age, medication during pregnancy, gestation time, perinatal injury and Apgar score. For children vaccinated before diagnosis, autism risk was lower in children vaccinated with MMR than in the nonvaccinated (OR: 0.17, 95% CI: 0.06-0.52) as well as to vaccinated with single measles vaccine (OR: 0.44, 95% CI: 0.22-0.91). The risk for vaccinated versus nonvaccinated (independent of vaccine type) was 0.28 (95% CI: 0.10-0.76). The risk connected with being vaccinated before onset of first symptoms was significantly lower only for MMR versus single vaccine (OR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.22-0.99). The study provides evidence against the association of autism with either MMR or a single measles vaccine.

Personal choice or evidence-based nursing intervention: nurses' decision-making about influenza vaccination.

PubMed

Rhudy, Lori M; Tucker, Sharon J; Ofstead, Cori L; Poland, Gregory A

2010-06-01

Nursing interventions are actions taken by nurses to enhance patient outcomes. Little is known about nursing interventions such as influenza vaccination in which the nurse's decision to adopt a health behavior impacts patient outcomes. There is strong evidence that immunization of health care workers (HCWs) against influenza is effective in preventing the spread of this disease and lowers mortality among patients. Yet, worldwide influenza vaccination rates among HCWs are low, with nurse vaccination rates among the lowest. To understand the factors influencing nurses' decision-making about personally receiving immunization against influenza. A qualitative descriptive design in which data were collected using semistructured interviews was used. Participants were 14 RNs who indicated on a prior survey that they were uncertain about, or would not receive an influenza vaccine during the next vaccination season. Data were analyzed using content analysis. The overarching theme is that influenza immunization is a low priority for nurses. Subthemes include a sense of good health, skepticism of the vaccine's value, fear of vaccine side effects, hand washing as prevention, and inconvenient immunization locations. The nurse participants in this study viewed influenza vaccination as a personal health choice, not as an evidence-based nursing intervention. As a result, the decision to decline influenza vaccination was made in the context of personal health choice and/or risk of injury or illness to the nurse. Patient safety outcomes were not expressed as a factor in making the decision to decline influenza vaccination.

[Management and new current French recommendations for tetanus care].

PubMed

Nicolai, Dominique; Farcet, Anaïs; Molines, Catherine; Delalande, Géraldine; Retornaz, Frédérique

2015-06-01

Tetanus is an acute severe disease induced by an exotoxin, often lethal. All cases occur in untreated or inadequately vaccinated patients and mainly in elderly patients who accumulate many risk factors. The current management of wounds faced difficulties in the assessment of immunization status and wound risks status. Indeed, all injuries can potentially lead to tetanus. Minor risks and chronic wounds are mainly found as tetanus cause. Vaccination remains the key element in reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with tetanus. It is estimated that the vaccine's coverage is fairly good, but decreases with age. To improve tetanus prevention, new vaccine recommendations have been established which recommend vaccine's injections at fixed age, but their impact seems to be limited especially in the elderly. The immunochromatographic tests have demonstrated cost-effectiveness in the Emergency department settings. They are currently not available outside hospital while general practionners also face a significant risk. Effectiveness of these tests should be studied in outpatients population including cost-effectiveness.

Effect of Traumatic Brain Injury Among U.S. Servicemembers with Amputation

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-01-01

than servicemembers without TBI (Table 6). For individ- ual complications, servicemembers with TBI had three times the odds of developing cellulitis ...number of other injuries; and (4) more postinjury complications, especially cellulitis , infection due to a device, or DVT and/or PE. Frequency of... Cellulitis Infection/Inflammation Due to Device Nonhealing Wound Pneumonia DVT and/or PE Bacterial Infection Anemia Phantom Limb Syndrome Amputation Residual

Molecular Solutions to Low Injuries Resulting from Battlefield Injuries

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-05-01

nerve regeneration; (5) dry eye bydetermining how to minimize dry eye after LASIK refractive surgery by developing new tests to predict pre-disposition...Conjunctiva after Corneal Wounding Mimicking Nerve Loss in LASIK Surgery, Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2006 47: E-Abstract 4600. CONCLUSIONS We...Mimicking Nerve Loss in LASIK Surgery, Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2006 47: E-Abstract 4600. Table 1. Alterations in phosphoprotein levels in non-wounded

Neck Injury in Advanced Military Aircraft Environments

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-02-01

injury alibhis the Fast 2 nortbs In atstlitied by type of oihcrafr. This table demonstrates a statistirally significant trend in frequency (P- S5 aud...it appears that ransitional vertebrae aic relatively coarnon and equally distributed bhtweon the thoracico-lumbal (9.0%) and the lumbo- sacral area...unilateral contact of asymmetrical lumbar sacralization which increases torque forces with consequent strain on the spine and risk of disc herniation above

FastStats: Adolescent Health

MedlinePlus

... 2 [PDF – 2.7 MB] Leading causes of death Leading causes of deaths among adolescents aged 15–19 years: Accidents (unintentional injuries) Suicide Homicide Source: Deaths: Leading Causes for 2015, table 1 [PDF – 2. ...

College Drinking: Get the Real Picture

MedlinePlus

... Drinking Task Force Recommendations College Drinking: Get the real picture Past Issues / Fall 2015 Table of Contents " ... 599,000 injuries, and 97,000 cases of sexual assault or date rape each year. High-risk drinking ...

Note: A table-top blast driven shock tube

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Courtney, Michael W.; Courtney, Amy C.

2010-12-01

The prevalence of blast-induced traumatic brain injury in conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan has motivated laboratory scale experiments on biomedical effects of blast waves and studies of blast wave transmission properties of various materials in hopes of improving armor design to mitigate these injuries. This paper describes the design and performance of a table-top shock tube that is more convenient and widely accessible than traditional compression driven and blast driven shock tubes. The design is simple: it is an explosive driven shock tube employing a rifle primer that explodes when impacted by the firing pin. The firearm barrel acts as the shock tube, and the shock wave emerges from the muzzle. The small size of this shock tube can facilitate localized application of a blast wave to a subject, tissue, or material under test.

Note: A table-top blast driven shock tube.

PubMed

Courtney, Michael W; Courtney, Amy C

2010-12-01

The prevalence of blast-induced traumatic brain injury in conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan has motivated laboratory scale experiments on biomedical effects of blast waves and studies of blast wave transmission properties of various materials in hopes of improving armor design to mitigate these injuries. This paper describes the design and performance of a table-top shock tube that is more convenient and widely accessible than traditional compression driven and blast driven shock tubes. The design is simple: it is an explosive driven shock tube employing a rifle primer that explodes when impacted by the firing pin. The firearm barrel acts as the shock tube, and the shock wave emerges from the muzzle. The small size of this shock tube can facilitate localized application of a blast wave to a subject, tissue, or material under test.

Driving safety among patients with neurocardiogenic (vasovagal) syncope.

PubMed

Bhatia, A; Dhala, A; Blanck, Z; Deshpande, S; Akhtar, M; Sra, A J

1999-11-01

Neurocardiogenic syncope is one of the most common causes of syncope. However, the important issue of driving related injury due to syncope in this population is not well defined. Risk of injury due to syncope while driving and driving behavior was evaluated in 155 consecutive patients (92 women and 63 men; mean age 49 +/- 19 years) with history of syncope in whom hypotension and syncope or presyncope could be provoked during head-up tilt testing. Patients with syncope and positive head-up tilt table test were treated with pharmacological therapy. All participants were asked to fill out a detailed questionnaire regarding any driving related injuries and their driving behavior before tilt table testing and during follow-up. Prior to head-up tilt testing two patients had syncope while driving, and one of these patients had syncope related injury during driving. The mean duration of syncopal episodes was 50 +/- 14 months (range 12-72 months). Of the 155 patients, 52 (34%) had no warning prior to syncope, while 103 (6%) had warning symptoms such as dizziness prior to their clinical syncope. Following a diagnosis of neurocardiogenic syncope established by head-up tilt testing, six patients stopped driving on their own. During a median follow-up of 22 months recurrent syncope occurred in five (3.2%) patients. No patient had syncope or injury during driving. In conclusion, syncope and injury while driving in patients with neurocardiogenic syncope is rare. The precise mechanism of this is unclear but may be related to posture during driving. Consensus among the medical community will be needed to provide specific guidelines in these patients.

Early Diagnosis and Intervention Strategies for Post-Traumatic Heterotopic Ossification in Severely Injured Extremities

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-12-01

the study for the presence or absence of ectopic bone formation at the indicated time points post injury (Table 1.). 8 Table 1. Incidence of HO...1 Award Number: W81XWH-12-2-0119 TITLE: Early Diagnosis and Intervention Strategies for Post -Traumatic Heterotopic Ossification in Severely...2016 TYPE OF REPORT: Final PREPARED FOR: U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702-5012 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

Mucosal Immunization with High-Mobility Group Box 1 in Chitosan Enhances DNA Vaccine-Induced Protection against Coxsackievirus B3-Induced Myocarditis

PubMed Central

Wang, Maowei; Yue, Yan; Dong, Chunsheng; Li, Xiaoyun; Xu, Wei

2013-01-01

Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), a small single-stranded RNA virus, belongs to the Picornaviridae family. Its infection is the most common cause of myocarditis, with no vaccine available. Gastrointestinal mucosa is the major entry port for CVB3; therefore, the induction of local immunity in mucosal tissues may help control initial viral infections and alleviate subsequent myocardial injury. Here we evaluated the ability of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) encapsulated in chitosan particles to enhance the mucosal immune responses induced by the CVB3-specific mucosal DNA vaccine chitosan-pVP1. Mice were intranasally coimmunized with 4 doses of chitosan-pHMGB1 and chitosan-pVP1 plasmids, at 2-week intervals, and were challenged with CVB3 4 weeks after the last immunization. Compared with chitosan-pVP1 immunization alone, coimmunization with chitosan-pHMGB1 significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced CVB3-specific fecal secretory IgA levels and promoted mucosal T cell immune responses. In accordance, reduced severity of myocarditis was observed in coimmunized mice, as evidenced by significantly (P < 0.05) reduced viral loads, decreased myocardial injury, and increased survival rates. Flow cytometric analysis indicated that HMGB1 enhanced dendritic cell (DC) recruitment to mesenteric lymph nodes and promoted DC maturation, which might partly account for its mucosal adjuvant effect. This strategy may represent a promising approach to candidate vaccines against CVB3-induced myocarditis. PMID:24027262

Occupational exposures to blood and body fluids among health care workers at university hospitals.

PubMed

Marković-Denić, Ljiljana; Branković, Milos; Maksimović, Natasa; Jovanović, Bojan; Petrović, Ivana; Simić, Marko; Lesić, Aleksandar

2013-01-01

Occupational exposure to blood and body fluids is a serious concern of health care workers and presents a major risk of transmission of infections such as human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV). The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and circumstances of occupational blood and body fluid exposures among health care workers. Cross-sectional study was conducted in three university hospitals in Belgrade. Anonymous questionnaire was used containing data about demographic characteristics, self-reported blood and body fluid exposures and circumstances of percutaneous injuries. Questionnaire was filled in and returned by 216 health care workers (78.2% of nurses and 21.8% of doctors). 60.6% of participants-health care workers had sustained at least one needlestick injury during their professional practice; 25.9% of them in the last 12 months. Of occupational groups, nurses had higher risk to experience needlestick injuries than doctors (p = 0.05). The majority of the exposures occurred in the operating theatre (p = 0.001). Among factors contributing to the occurrence of needlestick injuries, recapping needles (p = 0.003) and decontamination/cleaning instruments after surgery (p = 0.001) were more frequent among nurses, while use of a needle before intervention was common among doctors (p = 0.004). Only 41.2% of health care workers had reported their injuries to a supervisor in order to obtain medical attention. 50.2% of health care workers were vaccinated with three doses of hepatitis B vaccine. There is a high rate of needlestick injuries in the daily hospital routine. Implementation of safety devices would lead to improvement in health and safety of medical staff.

The role of vaccines and vaccine decision-making to achieve the goals of the Grand Convergence in public health.

PubMed

Kaslow, David C; Kalil, Jorge; Bloom, David; Breghi, Gianluca; Colucci, Anna Maria; De Gregorio, Ennio; Madhavan, Guru; Meier, Genevieve; Seabrook, Richard; Xu, Xiaoning

2017-01-20

On 17 and 18 July 2015, a meeting in Siena jointly sponsored by ADITEC and GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) was held to review the goals of the Global Health 2035 Grand Convergence, to discuss current vaccine evaluation methods, and to determine the feasibility of reaching consensus on an assessment framework for comprehensively and accurately capturing the full benefits of vaccines. Through lectures and workshops, participants reached a consensus that Multi-Criteria-Decision-Analysis is a method suited to systematically account for the many variables needed to evaluate the broad benefits of vaccination, which include not only health system savings, but also societal benefits, including benefits to the family and increased productivity. Participants also agreed on a set of "core values" to be used in future assessments of vaccines for development and introduction. These values include measures of vaccine efficacy and safety, incident cases prevented per year, the results of cost-benefit analyses, preventable mortality, and the severity of the target disease. Agreement on this set of core assessment parameters has the potential to increase alignment between manufacturers, public health agencies, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and policy makers (see Global Health 2035 Mission Grand Convergence [1]). The following sections capture the deliberations of a workshop (Working Group 4) chartered to: (1) review the list of 24 parameters selected from SMART vaccines (see the companion papers by Timmis et al. and Madhavan et al., respectively) to determine which represent factors (see Table 1) that should be taken into account when evaluating the role of vaccines in maximizing the success of the Global Health 2035 Grand Convergence; (2) develop 3-5 "core values" that should be taken into account when evaluating vaccines at various stages of development; and (3) determine how vaccines can best contribute to the Global Health 2035 Grand Convergence effort. Copyright © 2016.

Measles vaccination using a microneedle patch☆

PubMed Central

Edens, Chris; Collins, Marcus L.; Ayers, Jessica; Rota, Paul A.; Prausnitz, Mark R.

2013-01-01

Measles vaccination programs would benefit from delivery methods that decrease cost, simplify logistics, and increase safety. Conventional subcutaneous injection is limited by the need for skilled healthcare professionals to reconstitute and administer injections, and by the need for safe needle handling and disposal to reduce the risk of disease transmission through needle re-use and needlestick injury. Microneedles are micron-scale, solid needles coated with a dry formulation of vaccine that dissolves in the skin within minutes after patch application. By avoiding the use of hypodermic needles, vaccination using a microneedle patch could be carried out by minimally trained personnel with reduced risk of blood-borne disease transmission. The goal of this study was to evaluate measles vaccination using a microneedle patch to address some of the limitations of subcutaneous injection. Viability of vaccine virus dried onto a microneedle patch was stabilized by incorporation of the sugar, trehalose, and loss of viral titer was less than 1 log10(TCID50) after storage for at least 30 days at room temperature. Microneedle patches were then used to immunize cotton rats with the Edmonston-Zagreb measles vaccine strain. Vaccination using microneedles at doses equaling the standard human dose or one-fifth the human dose generated neutralizing antibody levels equivalent to those of a subcutaneous immunization at the same dose. These results show that measles vaccine can be stabilized on microneedles and that vaccine efficiently reconstitutes in vivo to generate a neutralizing antibody response equivalent to that generated by subcutaneous injection. PMID:23044406

Safety on North Carolina and Kentucky trout farms.

PubMed

Ogunsanya, T J; Durborow, R M; Myers, M L; Cole, H P; Thompson, S L

2011-01-01

The objective of this study was to identify and describe work-related safety hazards, injuries, and near-injury events (close calls) that occurred on trout farms in North Carolina and Kentucky. An interview instrument was used to collect information on occupational hazards, injuries, and near-injury events that resulted from work-related activities. Trout farmers reported occupational hazards including falling live tank lids, slippery surfaces on hauling trucks, lifting strains, falls from raceway walls and walkways, needlesticks while vaccinating fish, allergies, hypothermia/drowning, falls from cranes, chemical exposure, fire/explosions related to oxygen exposure, and electrical contact with overhead power lines. This study also reports solutions suggested by farm safety researchers or used by farmers to prevent the safety hazards found on trout farms.

Heavy truck casualty collisions, 1994-1998

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2001-12-01

This document reviews the number of collisions, vehicles involved, and casualties (fatalities and injuries) resulting from heavy truck collisions for each of straight trucks (greater than 4.536 kg) and tractor-trailers. The report also presents table...

Feature: Post Traumatic Stres Disorder PTSD: Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

MedlinePlus

... Navigation Bar Home Current Issue Past Issues Feature PTSD Symptoms, Diagnosis , Treatment Past Issues / Winter 2009 Table ... Symptoms As with mild traumatic brain injury (TBI), PTSD symptoms can be very subtle. "For example, some ...

Landmines on the Table: A Negotiations Analysis of the Global Campaign to Ban Landmines

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-12-01

regard landmines as very cheap and effective weapons in defending troops and non-protected land against insurgents or attacking armies. The...weapons, including any which may be deemed to be excessively injurious or to have indiscriminate effects ‖ (UNGA, 1977). Resolution 32/152 paved the...Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects ‖ (CCW) and its annexed Protocols, of which Protocol II dealt specifically with landmines. The US

Injuries Sustained in Noncombat Motor Vehicle Accidents During Operation Iraqi Freedom

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-01-01

armour required in the combat§ This manuscript was presented at the 52nd annual meeting of the Society of Military Orthopaedic Surgeons, December 2010...2011.04.017environment may restrict motion, which may limit a driver’s reactionary ability to hazards. Extra armour used to protect vehicles has also...severity of injuries Table 1 Demographic information for military personnel injured in noncombat motor vehicle accidents, Operation Iraqi Freedom, March

Medical Surveillance Monthly Report (MSMR). Volume 18, Number 05, May 2011

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-05-01

most ED visits – injuries and poisonings, signs and symptoms of ill-defi ned conditions, and respiratory diseases – were similar among military...176,066) were the most frequent specifi c diagnoses reported during injury/poisoning-related visits (data not shown). “Signs, symptoms , and ill...diagnosis overall (Table 2). “Other signs, symptoms and ill-defi ned conditions” and “spinal disorders” (which includes intervertebral disc Figure 1

Signals from Fat After Injury: Plasma Adipokines and Ghrelin Concentrations in the Severely Burned

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-09-26

of insulin resis- tance was calculated with a modified version of homeostasis mod- el assessment of insulin resistance ( HOMA - IR ) formula by using...average glucose and average circulating insulin levels of subjects. In this study, HOMA - IR was used to assess severity of insulin resis- tance rather than...were 217% higher than controls (Table 2). Thus, based on the HOMA - IR , burned subjects were more insulin resistant than controls (Table 2). As all of the

A single-dose live-attenuated vaccine prevents Zika virus pregnancy transmission and testis damage.

PubMed

Shan, Chao; Muruato, Antonio E; Jagger, Brett W; Richner, Justin; Nunes, Bruno T D; Medeiros, Daniele B A; Xie, Xuping; Nunes, Jannyce G C; Morabito, Kaitlyn M; Kong, Wing-Pui; Pierson, Theodore C; Barrett, Alan D; Weaver, Scott C; Rossi, Shannan L; Vasconcelos, Pedro F C; Graham, Barney S; Diamond, Michael S; Shi, Pei-Yong

2017-09-22

Zika virus infection during pregnancy can cause congenital abnormities or fetal demise. The persistence of Zika virus in the male reproductive system poses a risk of sexual transmission. Here we demonstrate that live-attenuated Zika virus vaccine candidates containing deletions in the 3' untranslated region of the Zika virus genome (ZIKV-3'UTR-LAV) prevent viral transmission during pregnancy and testis damage in mice, as well as infection of nonhuman primates. After a single-dose vaccination, pregnant mice challenged with Zika virus at embryonic day 6 and evaluated at embryonic day 13 show markedly diminished levels of viral RNA in maternal, placental, and fetal tissues. Vaccinated male mice challenged with Zika virus were protected against testis infection, injury, and oligospermia. A single immunization of rhesus macaques elicited a rapid and robust antibody response, conferring complete protection upon challenge. Furthermore, the ZIKV-3'UTR-LAV vaccine candidates have a desirable safety profile. These results suggest that further development of ZIKV-3'UTR-LAV is warranted for humans.Zika virus infection can result in congenital disorders and cause disease in adults, and there is currently no approved vaccine. Here Shan et al. show that a single dose of a live-attenuated Zika vaccine prevents infection, testis damage and transmission to the fetus during pregnancy in different animal models.

[An information system for injuries from external causes (SILEX): a successful project in El Salvador].

PubMed

Salinas, Oscar; de Cosío, Gerardo; Clavel-Arcas, Carme; Montoya, Jeannette; Serpas, Mario; Morán de García, Silvia; Concha-Eastman, Alberto

2008-12-01

This article examines the stages in developing an information system for injuries from external causes (Sistema de Información de Lesiones de Causa Externa-SILEX), as well as its limitations and achievements. SILEX is a Web-based application for collection, quality control, presentation, and analysis of data available from the hospital system for surveillance of injuries from external causes created by Ministry of Health of El Salvador with data from the hospital emergency services. This system maintains comprehensive information on the injured person-type of injury, intention, injury site, activity being performed at the time of injury, risk factors, etc.-in the form of tables, graphs, and maps, which streamlines the development of intervention plans and prevention initiatives for these types of injuries in El Salvador. This experience is an example of what can be done to close the information gap on injuries by external causes in the Region of the Americas.

Federal Research and Development Funding: FY2011

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-03-25

malignancies, and will undertake complete genome sequencing and analysis of 300 autism spectrum disorder cases. In support of the National Nanotechnology...clinical trials by 2016. NIH’s HIV/AIDS research portfolio, covering the spectrum from basic viral research to vaccine development trials, would...cancer, heart disease, and autism , particularly over $1 billion in research applying the technology produced by the Human Genome Project.42 Table 9

Long-Term Health Effects of Repeated Exposure to Multiple Vaccines

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-01-01

0.945 Hepatits B surface antigen 0.0% 0.0% NT Anti-hepatitis C antibody 0.0% 2.0% 1.000 HLA - B27 9.8% 10.6% 0.868 NT, not tested. a Tests are two-tailed...536 The distribution of markers for hepatitis A, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HLA B27 was similar between groups (Table 1), supporting comparability

Credibility battles in the autism litigation.

PubMed

Kirkland, Anna

2012-04-01

That vaccines do not cause autism is now a widely accepted proposition, though a few dissenters remain. An 8-year court process in the US federal vaccine injury compensation court ended in 2010 with rulings that autism was not an adverse reaction to vaccination. There were two sets of trials: one against the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine and one against the mercury-based preservative thimerosal. The MMR story is more widely known because of publicity surrounding the main proponent of an MMR-autism link, British doctor Andrew Wakefield, but the story of thimerosal in court is largely untold. This study examines the credibility battles and boundary work in the two cases, illuminating the sustaining world of alternative science that supported the parents, lawyers, researchers, and expert witnesses against vaccines. After the loss in court, the families and their advocates transformed their scientific arguments into an indictment of procedural injustice in the vaccine court. I argue that the very efforts designed to produce legitimacy in this type of lopsided dispute will be counter-mobilized as evidence of injustice, helping us understand why settling a scientific controversy in court does not necessarily mean changing anyone's mind.

Indiana crash facts 1996

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1996-01-01

According to Indiana State Police Crash Reports, : 221,465 traffic crashes were reported in Indiana : during 1996 (Table 1). Of these, 870 were fatal : crashes in which 982 people died. There were an : additional 52,058 personal injury crashes and a ...

FastStats: Health of Hispanic or Latino Population

MedlinePlus

... 1 [PDF – 2.7 MB] Leading causes of death Cancer Heart disease Accidents (unintentional injuries) Source: Deaths: ... 2015, table D [PDF – 2.3 MB] Infant deaths Infant deaths per 1,000 live births: 5. ...

Insights and efforts to control rabies in Zambia: Evaluation of determinants and barriers to dog vaccination in Nyimba district.

PubMed

Mulipukwa, Carolyn Patricia; Mudenda, Boyd; Mbewe, Allan Rabson

2017-10-01

The current rabies control strategy in Zambia is based on dog vaccination, dog population control and dog movement restrictions. In Nyimba district of Zambia, dog vaccination coverage is low but the incidence of dog bites is high which places the community at risk of rabies infection. The renewed global interest eliminating rabies in developing countries has spurred interest to identify determinants and barriers of dog vaccination in an effort to reduce the overall disease burden. A mixed methods cross sectional design was used in the study. This consisted of three parts: Evaluation of medical records regarding dog bite injuries, implementation and analysis of a household survey and in-depth review of key informant interviews. Data was collected into a Microsoft Excel database and subsequently transferred to STATA for descriptive, inferential and thematic analysis. Dog vaccination coverage overall was 8.7% (57/655), with 3.4% (22/655) in urban areas, 1.8% (12/655) in peri-urban and 3.5 (23/655) in the rural regions. Financially stable households were more likely to have their dogs vaccinated. Only 10.3% (31/300) of the respondents had vaccinated their dogs and these had a reliable source of income as 6% (18/300) were peasant farmers, 2% (6/300) were dependants whose guardians were financially stable and 2.3% (7/300) were in steady employment. Important barriers to dog vaccination included cost, limited awareness of vaccination program and access. Current rabies control strategies in Nyimba district, Zambia, appear quite limited. Improvements in the regional dog vaccination program may provide benefits. Enhancement of educational efforts targeting behavioural factors may also prove useful. Finally, the cost of dog vaccination can be reduced with scaled up production of a local vaccine.

Insights and efforts to control rabies in Zambia: Evaluation of determinants and barriers to dog vaccination in Nyimba district

PubMed Central

Mudenda, Boyd; Mbewe, Allan Rabson

2017-01-01

Background The current rabies control strategy in Zambia is based on dog vaccination, dog population control and dog movement restrictions. In Nyimba district of Zambia, dog vaccination coverage is low but the incidence of dog bites is high which places the community at risk of rabies infection. The renewed global interest eliminating rabies in developing countries has spurred interest to identify determinants and barriers of dog vaccination in an effort to reduce the overall disease burden. Methodology A mixed methods cross sectional design was used in the study. This consisted of three parts: Evaluation of medical records regarding dog bite injuries, implementation and analysis of a household survey and in-depth review of key informant interviews. Data was collected into a Microsoft Excel database and subsequently transferred to STATA for descriptive, inferential and thematic analysis. Results Dog vaccination coverage overall was 8.7% (57/655), with 3.4% (22/655) in urban areas, 1.8% (12/655) in peri-urban and 3.5 (23/655) in the rural regions. Financially stable households were more likely to have their dogs vaccinated. Only 10.3% (31/300) of the respondents had vaccinated their dogs and these had a reliable source of income as 6% (18/300) were peasant farmers, 2% (6/300) were dependants whose guardians were financially stable and 2.3% (7/300) were in steady employment. Important barriers to dog vaccination included cost, limited awareness of vaccination program and access. Conclusion Current rabies control strategies in Nyimba district, Zambia, appear quite limited. Improvements in the regional dog vaccination program may provide benefits. Enhancement of educational efforts targeting behavioural factors may also prove useful. Finally, the cost of dog vaccination can be reduced with scaled up production of a local vaccine. PMID:28991898

Burden Calculator: a simple and open analytical tool for estimating the population burden of injuries.

PubMed

Bhalla, Kavi; Harrison, James E

2016-04-01

Burden of disease and injury methods can be used to summarise and compare the effects of conditions in terms of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Burden estimation methods are not inherently complex. However, as commonly implemented, the methods include complex modelling and estimation. To provide a simple and open-source software tool that allows estimation of incidence-DALYs due to injury, given data on incidence of deaths and non-fatal injuries. The tool includes a default set of estimation parameters, which can be replaced by users. The tool was written in Microsoft Excel. All calculations and values can be seen and altered by users. The parameter sets currently used in the tool are based on published sources. The tool is available without charge online at http://calculator.globalburdenofinjuries.org. To use the tool with the supplied parameter sets, users need to only paste a table of population and injury case data organised by age, sex and external cause of injury into a specified location in the tool. Estimated DALYs can be read or copied from tables and figures in another part of the tool. In some contexts, a simple and user-modifiable burden calculator may be preferable to undertaking a more complex study to estimate the burden of disease. The tool and the parameter sets required for its use can be improved by user innovation, by studies comparing DALYs estimates calculated in this way and in other ways, and by shared experience of its use. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/

78 FR 44512 - National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-24

... underlying gastrointestinal or systemic diseases. Cases of intussusception where the onset was within 14 days... underlying conditions or systemic diseases associated with intussusception (such as cystic fibrosis, celiac... and, when rulemaking is necessary, to select regulatory approaches that provide the greatest net...

United States life tables eliminating certain causes of death, 1999-2001.

PubMed

Arias, Elizabeth; Heron, Melonie; Tejada-Vera, Betzaida

2013-05-31

This report presents abridged cause-elimination life tables and multiple-decrement life table functions for 33 selected causes of death, by race (white and black) and sex, for the total United States. It is the fourth in a set of reports that present life table data for the United States and each state for the period 1999-2001. The life table functions presented in this report represent the mortality experience of a hypothetical cohort assuming that a particular cause of death is eliminated. The report includes a description of the methodology used to estimate the life table functions shown in four sets of tables. Each set contains seven tables, one each for the total population, total males, total females, white males, white females, black males, and black females. From birth, a person has a 31% chance of dying of Diseases of heart (heart disease) and a 22% chance of dying of Malignant neoplasms (cancer). In contrast, the probabilities of dying from Accidents (unintentional injuries), Diabetes mellitus (diabetes), and Septicemia--3 of the 10 leading causes of death in 1991-2001--are much smaller. Likewise, elimination of heart disease would increase life expectancy at birth by almost 4 years, and elimination of cancer by more than 3 years. Other leading causes of death have a much smaller impact.

G-suited for prevention of syncope in patients with vasovagal syncope: a pilot study.

PubMed

Rasmeehirun, Prayuth; Krittayaphong, Rungroj

2014-03-01

Vasovagal syncope (VVS) represents by far the most common cause of syncope as it is diagnosed in around 50% of all patients that come to an emergency department. Although VVS is not fatal, it can cause an injury. Even serious injuries are not common, but there are reports of serious injuries of up to 5%. There are no current studies that demonstrate the effectiveness of any treatment. Past studies found that an Anti-Gravity suit (G-suit) can increase blood pressure and has been reported to prevent orthostatic hypotension effectively in patients with diabetes. It is possible that the G-suit can prevent VVS. In the present study, the authors assessed the efficacy of G-suit for vasovagal syncope prevention. In this open-label, randomized controlled study, we used the Italian tilt protocol, namely 60 degree passive tilting followed by 0.4 mg nitroglycerin challenge when the passive phase fails to induce syncope. If test was positive, then patient was enrolled. Tilt table test was repeated to compare G-suited and no G-suited to assess efficacy of G-suit for vasovagal syncope prevention. 10 patients were enrolled. There is no difference between the control group and an experimental group. In this study there is no cardio-inhibition vasovagal syncope. Positive tilt table test occurred in 50% of the patients receiving G-suited and 100% in control group (p 0.133). G-suit is unable to prevent syncope in patients with positive tilt table test but the result is not statistically significant. However, the number of patients may be too small.

Gaining Control of Occupational Injury and Illness in the U.S. Navy Civilian Work Force

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-01-16

caring for the back. Also monitored by the supervisor is a work -hardening program developed by the clinic physical therapist and physician that... development of a work -hardening program for the returning injured employee to ensure a safe re-entry to the workplace. e. "Green Table" and Medical...physical therapist work closely in developing effective programs for the treatment of occupational injuries. Having an onsite physical therapist available

Characterization and Comparison of Combat Related Injuries in Women During OIF and OEF

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-01-05

military women have sustained in recent conflicts, with specific attention to polytrauma incidence in this population. In addition to studying physical...multi- ple body regions because of polytrauma . *p ≤ 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001. TABLE I. Demographic and Injury Characteristics by Mission 2003...that were involved in explosive events.18 Polytrauma was evident in the majority of women injured in these conflicts; findings showed that almost 65

Insecurity, polio vaccination rates, and polio incidence in northwest Pakistan.

PubMed

Verma, Amol A; Jimenez, Marcia P; Tangermann, Rudolf H; Subramanian, S V; Razak, Fahad

2018-02-13

Pakistan is one of three countries in which endemic transmission of poliovirus has never been stopped. Insecurity is often cited but poorly studied as a barrier to eradicating polio. We analyzed routinely collected health data from 32 districts of northwest Pakistan and constructed an index of insecurity based on journalistic reports of the monthly number of deaths and injuries resulting from conflict-related security incidents. The primary outcomes were the monthly incidence of paralytic polio cases within each district between 2007 and 2014 and the polio vaccination percentage from 666 district-level vaccination campaigns between 2007 and 2009, targeting ∼5.7 million children. Multilevel Poisson regression controlling for time and district fixed effects was used to model the association between insecurity, vaccinator access, vaccination rates, and polio incidence. The number of children inaccessible to vaccinators was 19.7% greater (95% CI: 19.2-20.2%), and vaccination rates were 5.3% lower (95% CI: 5.2-5.3%) in "high-insecurity" campaigns compared with "secure" campaigns. The unadjusted mean vaccination rate was 96.3% (SD = 8.6) in secure campaigns and 88.3% (SD = 19.2) in high-insecurity campaigns. Polio incidence was 73.0% greater (95% CI: 30-131%) during high-insecurity months (unadjusted mean = 0.13 cases per million people, SD = 0.71) compared with secure months (unadjusted mean = 1.23 cases per million people, SD = 4.28). Thus, insecurity was associated with reduced vaccinator access, reduced polio vaccination, and increased polio incidence in northwest Pakistan. These findings demonstrate that insecurity is an important obstacle to global polio eradication.

FastStats: Health of American Indian or Alaska Native Population

MedlinePlus

... 1 [PDF – 2.7 MB] Leading causes of death Heart disease Cancer Accidents (unintentional injuries) Source: Deaths: ... 2015, table 1 [PDF – 2.3 MB] Infant deaths Infant deaths per 1,000 live births: 7. ...

42 CFR 110.71 - Insufficient documentation for eligibility and benefits determinations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Insufficient documentation for eligibility and benefits determinations. 110.71 Section 110.71 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES VACCINES COUNTERMEASURES INJURY COMPENSATION PROGRAM Secretarial Determinations...

42 CFR 102.22-102.29 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false [Reserved] 102.22-102.29 Section 102.22-102.29 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES VACCINES SMALLPOX COMPENSATION PROGRAM Covered Injuries §§ 102.22-102.29 [Reserved] ...

42 CFR 110.72 - Sufficient documentation for eligibility and benefits determinations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Sufficient documentation for eligibility and benefits determinations. 110.72 Section 110.72 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES VACCINES COUNTERMEASURES INJURY COMPENSATION PROGRAM Secretarial Determinations...

42 CFR 110.1 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Purpose. 110.1 Section 110.1 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES VACCINES COUNTERMEASURES INJURY COMPENSATION PROGRAM General Provisions § 110.1 Purpose. This part implements the Public Readiness and Emergency...

42 CFR 110.72 - Sufficient documentation for eligibility and benefits determinations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Sufficient documentation for eligibility and benefits determinations. 110.72 Section 110.72 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES VACCINES COUNTERMEASURES INJURY COMPENSATION PROGRAM Secretarial Determinations...

42 CFR 110.74 - Disapproval of benefits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Disapproval of benefits. 110.74 Section 110.74 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES VACCINES COUNTERMEASURES INJURY COMPENSATION PROGRAM Secretarial Determinations § 110.74 Disapproval of benefits. (a) If the...

42 CFR 110.1 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Purpose. 110.1 Section 110.1 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES VACCINES COUNTERMEASURES INJURY COMPENSATION PROGRAM General Provisions § 110.1 Purpose. This part implements the Public Readiness and Emergency...

42 CFR 110.1 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Purpose. 110.1 Section 110.1 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES VACCINES COUNTERMEASURES INJURY COMPENSATION PROGRAM General Provisions § 110.1 Purpose. This part implements the Public Readiness and Emergency...

42 CFR 110.31 - Medical benefits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Medical benefits. 110.31 Section 110.31 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES VACCINES COUNTERMEASURES INJURY COMPENSATION PROGRAM Available Benefits § 110.31 Medical benefits. (a) Injured countermeasure recipients may...

42 CFR 110.31 - Medical benefits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Medical benefits. 110.31 Section 110.31 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES VACCINES COUNTERMEASURES INJURY COMPENSATION PROGRAM Available Benefits § 110.31 Medical benefits. (a) Injured countermeasure recipients may...

42 CFR 110.72 - Sufficient documentation for eligibility and benefits determinations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Sufficient documentation for eligibility and benefits determinations. 110.72 Section 110.72 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES VACCINES COUNTERMEASURES INJURY COMPENSATION PROGRAM Secretarial Determinations...

42 CFR 110.74 - Disapproval of benefits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Disapproval of benefits. 110.74 Section 110.74 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES VACCINES COUNTERMEASURES INJURY COMPENSATION PROGRAM Secretarial Determinations § 110.74 Disapproval of benefits. (a) If the...

42 CFR 110.31 - Medical benefits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Medical benefits. 110.31 Section 110.31 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES VACCINES COUNTERMEASURES INJURY COMPENSATION PROGRAM Available Benefits § 110.31 Medical benefits. (a) Injured countermeasure recipients may...

42 CFR 110.72 - Sufficient documentation for eligibility and benefits determinations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Sufficient documentation for eligibility and benefits determinations. 110.72 Section 110.72 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES VACCINES COUNTERMEASURES INJURY COMPENSATION PROGRAM Secretarial Determinations...

42 CFR 110.74 - Disapproval of benefits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Disapproval of benefits. 110.74 Section 110.74 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES VACCINES COUNTERMEASURES INJURY COMPENSATION PROGRAM Secretarial Determinations § 110.74 Disapproval of benefits. (a) If the...

42 CFR 102.22-102.29 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false [Reserved] 102.22-102.29 Section 102.22-102.29 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES VACCINES SMALLPOX COMPENSATION PROGRAM Covered Injuries §§ 102.22-102.29 [Reserved] ...

42 CFR 110.71 - Insufficient documentation for eligibility and benefits determinations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Insufficient documentation for eligibility and benefits determinations. 110.71 Section 110.71 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES VACCINES COUNTERMEASURES INJURY COMPENSATION PROGRAM Secretarial Determinations...

42 CFR 102.22-102.29 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false [Reserved] 102.22-102.29 Section 102.22-102.29 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES VACCINES SMALLPOX COMPENSATION PROGRAM Covered Injuries §§ 102.22-102.29 [Reserved] ...

42 CFR 102.22-102.29 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false [Reserved] 102.22-102.29 Section 102.22-102.29 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES VACCINES SMALLPOX COMPENSATION PROGRAM Covered Injuries §§ 102.22-102.29 [Reserved] ...

42 CFR 110.74 - Disapproval of benefits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Disapproval of benefits. 110.74 Section 110.74 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES VACCINES COUNTERMEASURES INJURY COMPENSATION PROGRAM Secretarial Determinations § 110.74 Disapproval of benefits. (a) If the...

42 CFR 102.22-102.29 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false [Reserved] 102.22-102.29 Section 102.22-102.29 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES VACCINES SMALLPOX COMPENSATION PROGRAM Covered Injuries §§ 102.22-102.29 [Reserved] ...

42 CFR 110.71 - Insufficient documentation for eligibility and benefits determinations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Insufficient documentation for eligibility and benefits determinations. 110.71 Section 110.71 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES VACCINES COUNTERMEASURES INJURY COMPENSATION PROGRAM Secretarial Determinations...

42 CFR 110.1 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Purpose. 110.1 Section 110.1 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES VACCINES COUNTERMEASURES INJURY COMPENSATION PROGRAM General Provisions § 110.1 Purpose. This part implements the Public Readiness and Emergency...

42 CFR 110.31 - Medical benefits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Medical benefits. 110.31 Section 110.31 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES VACCINES COUNTERMEASURES INJURY COMPENSATION PROGRAM Available Benefits § 110.31 Medical benefits. (a) Injured countermeasure recipients may...

42 CFR 110.71 - Insufficient documentation for eligibility and benefits determinations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Insufficient documentation for eligibility and benefits determinations. 110.71 Section 110.71 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES VACCINES COUNTERMEASURES INJURY COMPENSATION PROGRAM Secretarial Determinations...

Safe injection practice among health care workers, Gharbiya, Egypt.

PubMed

Ismail, Nanees A; Aboul Ftouh, Aisha M; El Shoubary, Waleed H

2005-01-01

A cross-sectional study was conducted in 25 health care facilities in Gharbiya governorate to assess safe injection practices among health care workers (HCWs). Two questionnaires, one to collect information about administrative issues related to safe injection and the other to collect data about giving injections, exposure to needle stick injuries, hepatitis B vaccination status and safe injection training. Practices of injections were observed using a standardized checklist. The study revealed that there was lack of both national and local infection control policies and lack of most of the supplies needed for safe injection practices. Many safe practices were infrequent as proper needle manipulation before disposal (41%), safe needle disposal (47.5%), reuse of used syringe & needle (13.2%) and safe syringe disposal (0%). Exposure to needle stick injuries were common among the interviewed HCWs (66.2%) and hand washing was the common post exposure prophylaxis measure (63.4%). Only 11.3% of HCWs had full course hepatitis B vaccination. Infection control -including safe injections- training programs should be afforded to all HCWs.

Universal Breast Cancer Antigens as Targets Linking Early Detection and Therapeutic Vaccination

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-09-01

Std. Z39.18 Table of Contents C over ................................................................................................. S F 298...3. Rebbeck TR, Friebel R, Wagner R, Lynch HT, Garber JE, Daly MB, Isaacs C, Olopade 0, Neuhausen SL, Van’t Veer L, Eeles R, Evans F , Tomlinson G...counseling, testing and referral in North America. Chapter in Risk Assessment and Management in Cancer Genetics. Eds. Lalloo F , Kerr B, Friedman JM, Evans

The Knowledge Level of United States Air Force Flight Nurses Regarding the Injuries of Conventional Warfare Casualties

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-01-01

d) lack of supplies; (e) sexual harassment; ( f ) problems with some professional relatiouships; (g) survivor guilt; and (h) threat to life. After...Demographic Profile of the Subjects Characteristics Samplea f (t) Sx Male 26(28) Female 66(72) Age 25-29 10(11) 30-34 37(40) 35-39 30(33) 40-44 11(12) 45+ 4(4...20 3(3) 21-24 2(2) Note. Only 90 of 92 reported. (table continues) 44 Table I (continued) Characteristics Samplea f (e) Area of Clinical Practice

A Literature Review of Musculoskeletal Injuries to the Human Neck and the Effects of Head-Supported Mass Worn by Soldier

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-10-01

in whiplash -type injury studies (Table 1). At the time it was the most sophisticated head - neck model available. This model uses a series of rigid...phase of rear-end whiplash loading (i.e. the extension phase). In this initial phase, the head translates backward, putting the upper spine in local...work to characterize neck response in impact scenarios has been performed, the effect of musculature on head -neck whiplash -type response is still

Computational Modeling of Causal Mechanisms of Blast Wave Induced Traumatic Brain Injury - A Potential Tool for Injury Prevention

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-10-01

detonation and expansion of the TNT explosive materials was described using the JWL (Jones-Wilkins-Lee) equation of state (EOS) along with a high...explosive material definition (Dobratz 1981). The JWL equation is described as: Where V= ρ0 (initial density of an explosive)/ρ (density of detonation...gas). E is specific internal energy. A, B, R1, R2, ω are JWL fitting parameters (Table 2). ρ0 Detonation velocity CJ pressure Material

Evaluation of Coagulation Stages of Hemorrhaged Swine: Comparison of Thromboelastography and Rotational Elastometry

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-01-01

this article is prohibited. TEG and ROTEM comparison Tomori et al . 23 Table 2 Blood loss and survival in three Injury models Blood loss at injury...Shock Society, Cologne, Germany; June 2008, Shock 2008; 29:14. 8 Stern S, Rice J, Philbin N, McGwin G, Arnaud F, Johnson T, et al . Resuscitation...commonly used as measures of hemostasis for a variety of 0957·5235 C 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health 1 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins extremely

Interwoven support: an historical survey of US federal programs enabling immunization.

PubMed

Dalrymple, Dack W; Grabenstein, John D

2014-11-28

The US Government (USG) can date its involvement with immunization to military and civilian efforts in 1777 and 1813 to prevent smallpox. USG involvement began accelerating with federal licensing of vaccine and antibody manufacturers in 1903. In addition to ongoing regulation of manufacturing and product quality, military and civilian arms of the USG have led research efforts into new or improved vaccines. These efforts have included diseases endemic in the United States, as well as medical countermeasures targeted against biological weapons, influenza pandemics, and emerging infectious diseases. Especially since the 1950s, the USG has provided increasing levels of funding to purchase vaccines and conduct vaccination programs. These programs have focused largely on children, although vaccination programs for adults have been expanded somewhat in recent years. Multiple agencies of the USG have convened various panels of accomplished external experts who have generated widely regarded recommendations on vaccine safety and efficacy and optimal immunization practices. USG programs for safety assessment, injury compensation, liability protection, and disease surveillance have been developed to assess needs, evaluate safety questions, ensure vaccine supply, and foster confidence in vaccination efforts. Debates on the extent of government involvement date back to the 1890 s and continue today. Several pivotal expansions of government involvement followed disease outbreaks or manufacturing accidents. This historical survey describes each of the major US federal programs in these categories, including references to applicable law. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Telling stories of vaccine-preventable diseases: why it works.

PubMed

Cunningham, Rachel M; Boom, Julie A

2013-01-01

In this paper, we explore the benefits of storytelling in health communication and, in particular, immunization education. During the mid-20th century polio epidemic, both personal stories and scientific information abounded in the media. However, as rates of vaccine-preventable diseases declined, narratives about the dangers of such diseases faded as did the public fear of them. Meanwhile, anti-vaccine advocates flooded the media and Internet with stories of injured children and tied those injuries, such as autism, to vaccines. Medical experts often counter anti-vaccine concerns with scientific information which can fail to persuade parents. Furthermore, evidence suggests that many people misunderstand quantitative information resulting in a misinterpretation of risk. Compared to scientific information, stories relate life lessons and values. They are effective because they are memorable and relatable. Evidence also suggests that storytelling can effectively improve health knowledge and behaviors. Inspired by In Harm's Way--True Stories of Uninsured Texas Children by the Children's Defense Fund and Faces of Influenza by the American Lung Association, we published Vaccine-Preventable Disease: The Forgotten Story, a collection of photographs and personal stories of families affected by vaccine-preventable diseases. We have found that the stories included in our booklet capture all the benefits of storytelling. Given the many benefits of storytelling, providers should strive to include stories along with medical facts in their daily practice.

42 CFR 110.33 - Death benefits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Death benefits. 110.33 Section 110.33 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES VACCINES COUNTERMEASURES INJURY COMPENSATION PROGRAM Available Benefits § 110.33 Death benefits. (a) Eligible survivors may be able to receive...

42 CFR 110.73 - Approval of benefits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Approval of benefits. 110.73 Section 110.73 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES VACCINES COUNTERMEASURES INJURY COMPENSATION PROGRAM Secretarial Determinations § 110.73 Approval of benefits. When the Secretary has...

42 CFR 110.73 - Approval of benefits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Approval of benefits. 110.73 Section 110.73 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES VACCINES COUNTERMEASURES INJURY COMPENSATION PROGRAM Secretarial Determinations § 110.73 Approval of benefits. When the Secretary has...

42 CFR 110.73 - Approval of benefits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Approval of benefits. 110.73 Section 110.73 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES VACCINES COUNTERMEASURES INJURY COMPENSATION PROGRAM Secretarial Determinations § 110.73 Approval of benefits. When the Secretary has...

42 CFR 110.33 - Death benefits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Death benefits. 110.33 Section 110.33 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES VACCINES COUNTERMEASURES INJURY COMPENSATION PROGRAM Available Benefits § 110.33 Death benefits. (a) Eligible survivors may be able to receive...

42 CFR 110.73 - Approval of benefits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Approval of benefits. 110.73 Section 110.73 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES VACCINES COUNTERMEASURES INJURY COMPENSATION PROGRAM Secretarial Determinations § 110.73 Approval of benefits. When the Secretary has...

42 CFR 110.33 - Death benefits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Death benefits. 110.33 Section 110.33 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES VACCINES COUNTERMEASURES INJURY COMPENSATION PROGRAM Available Benefits § 110.33 Death benefits. (a) Eligible survivors may be able to receive...

42 CFR 110.33 - Death benefits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Death benefits. 110.33 Section 110.33 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES VACCINES COUNTERMEASURES INJURY COMPENSATION PROGRAM Available Benefits § 110.33 Death benefits. (a) Eligible survivors may be able to receive...

Liver toxicity related to herbs and dietary supplements: Online table of case reports. Part 2 of 5 series.

PubMed

Brown, Amy Christine

2017-09-01

No online current list of potentially life-threatening, hepatotoxic herbs and dietary supplements based on PubMed case reports exists in a summarized tabular form. Documented case reports of herbs or dietary supplements (DS; includes herbs) appearing to contribute to liver injury were used to create an online "DS Toxic Table" of potentially hepatotoxic herbs and dietary supplements (PubMed, 1966 to June, 2016, and cross-referencing). The spectrum of DS induced liver injuries (DSILI) included elevated liver enzymes, hepatitis, steatosis, cholestasis, hepatic necrosis, hepatic fibrosis, hepatic cirrhosis, veno-occlusive disease, acute liver failure requiring a liver transplant, and death. Over the past 50 years, approximately 21 herbs (minus germander and usnic acid that are no longer sold) and 12 dietary supplements (minus the nine no longer sold and vitamin A & niacin due to excess intake) posed a possible risk for liver injures in certain individuals. The herbs with the most number of reported publications (but not cases studies) in descending order, were germander, black cohosh, kava extract, and green tea extract. These online DS Toxic Tables will contribute to continued Phase IV post marketing surveillance to detect possible liver toxicity cases and serve to forewarn consumers, clinicians, and corporations. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Compendium of animal rabies prevention and control, 2011.

PubMed

2011-11-04

Rabies has one of the highest case-fatality ratios of any infectious disease. This report provides recommendations for public health officials, veterinarians, animal control officials, and other parties engaged in rabies prevention and control activities and should serve as the basis for standardizing procedures among jurisdictions. The recommendations regarding domestic animal vaccination, management of animals exposed to rabies, and management of animals that bite humans are the core elements of animal rabies control and human rabies prevention. These updated 2011 guidelines include the national case definition for animal rabies and clarify the role of the CDC rabies laboratory in providing confirmatory testing of suspect animals. The table of rabies vaccines licensed and marketed in the United States has been updated, and additional references have been included to provide scientific support for information in this report.

Safety of Quadrivalent Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Children 2-10 Years.

PubMed

Tartof, Sara Yee; Sy, Lina S; Ackerson, Bradley K; Hechter, Rulin C; Haag, Mendel; Slezak, Jeffrey M; Luo, Yi; Fischetti, Christine A; Takhar, Harp S; Miao, Yan; Solano, Zendi; Jacobsen, Steven J; Tseng, Hung-Fu

2017-11-01

Quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine is recommended for children, adolescents and adults at increased risk of meningococcal disease. In 2011, MenACWY-CRM (Menveo, GSK, Siena, Italy) was approved for children 2-10 years of age in the United States. Although no safety concerns arose from clinical trials, it remains important to monitor its safety in routine clinical settings. Kaiser Permanente Southern California members 2-10 years old who received MenACWY-CRM between September 2011 and September 2014 were included. Electronic health records were searched using a validated algorithm to identify 26 prespecified events of interests (EOIs) and serious medically attended events (SMAEs) from inpatient or emergency settings up to 1 year after MenACWY-CRM vaccination. SMAEs were categorized by International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision diagnostic categories. All events were reviewed to confirm the diagnosis and symptom onset date. The study was descriptive (NCT01452438); no statistical tests were performed. Among 387 vaccinated children, 327 with ≥6 months membership before vaccination were analyzed. Among EOIs, 9 asthma cases and 1 myasthenia gravis case underwent chart review which confirmed 1 incident asthma case occurring 237 days after concomitant vaccination with MenACWY-CRM and typhoid vaccine. Thirty-one children experienced SMAEs, most commonly because of unrelated injury and poisoning. The remaining events occurred sporadically after vaccination and most were unlikely related to vaccination based on medical record review. One incident EOI of asthma late in the 1-year observation period and sporadic distribution of SMAEs were observed. These data do not suggest safety concerns associated with MenACWY-CRM vaccination in children 2-10 years old.

Epidemiology of sports injuries on collegiate athletes at a single center

PubMed Central

Rosa, Bruno Berbert; Asperti, André Marangoni; Helito, Camilo Partezani; Demange, Marco Kawamura; Fernandes, Tiago Lazzaretti; Hernandez, Arnaldo José

2014-01-01

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the incidence of sports injuries in college athletes from the same institution from 1993 to 2013. METHODS: Athletes from 13 modalities were interviewed about the presence and type of injury, type of treatment and time of withdrawal, based on the questionnaire "Injury Surveillance System" (ISS). Data were analyzed with graphs and tables of injury prevalence by gender, age, site of injury and modality. We also analyzed the average time of withdrawal of athletes, returning to sports practice and new lesions. RESULTS: It was observed that 49.91% of the athletes showed some type of injury, with similar incidence between genders; the most frequent injuries were the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and the ankle sprain; the average withdrawal time was 11 weeks. ACL was the injury with greater impact on college sports career, especially given the time of withdrawal. CONCLUSION: The most frequent injury, ACL, occurred most frequently in indoor sports such as handball and volleyball and had the highest number of cases treated with surgery and a longer average withdrawal time. More studies are needed to create a larger database in order to schedule preventive measures for amateur athletes. Level IV of Evidence, Epidemiological Study. PMID:25538479

Development of a new injury cost scale.

PubMed

Zeidler, F; Pletschen, B; Scheunert, D; Mattern, B; Alt, B; Miksch, T; Eichendorf, W; Reiss, S

1993-12-01

The Automobile Technique Research Association at Frankfurt, the Institute for Forensic Medicine at Mainz, the Federal Highway Research Institute at Bergisch-Gladbach, the German Motor Vehicle Inspection Association at Stuttgart, and the German Worker's Compensation at St. Augustin have completed a joint research project dealing with injury costs due to automobile accidents. The data for this social cost analysis were based on costs for administrative expenses, medical treatment, rehabilitation measures, social security payment, and loss of income, which were all paid by Worker's Compensation for single, well-documented injuries to the working population in West Germany (15 to 65 years old). The data base used included 15,407 injured and 1,026 fatal road accident victims. Tables are presented which show the costs associated with various injury levels. The result is an injury cost scale (ICS) that might be a base for establishing priorities of safety measures. The ICS has to be seen as supplemental to the AIS.

Environmental Enrichment, Performance, and Brain Injury in Male and Female Rats

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-01-01

neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by deficits in processing novel information (e.g., autism ). 141 Table 8. Summary of Major...stimulated locomotor activity, dopamine synthesis, and dopamine release. Neuropharmacology, 32, 885-893. Braff, D.L., Swerdlow, N.R., & Geyer, M.A

A New Wave of Vaccines for Non-Communicable Diseases: What Are the Regulatory Challenges?

PubMed

Darrow, Jonathan J; Kesselheim, Aaron S

2015-01-01

Vaccines represent one of the greatest achievements of medicine, dramatically reducing the incidence of serious or life-threatening infectious diseases and allowing people to live longer, healthier lives. As life expectancy has increased, however, the burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as cancer, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and diabetes has increased. This shifting burden of disease has heightened the already urgent need for therapies that treat or prevent NCDs, a need that is now being met with increased efforts to develop NCD vaccines. Like traditional vaccines, NCD vaccines work by modulating the human immune system, but target cells, proteins or other molecules that are associated with the NCD in question rather than pathogens or pathogen-infected cells. Efforts are underway to develop NCD vaccines to address not only cancer and hypertension, but also addiction, obesity, asthma, arthritis, psoriasis, multiple sclerosis, and Crohn's disease, among others. NCD vaccines present an interesting challenge for the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), which is tasked with approving new treatments on the basis of efficacy and safety. Should NCD vaccines be evaluated under the same analytic frame as traditional vaccines, or that of biologic drugs? Despite the borrowed nomenclature, NCD vaccines differ in important ways from infectious disease vaccines. Because infectious disease vaccines are generally administered to healthy individuals, often children, tolerance for adverse events is low and willingness to pay is limited. It is important to have infectious disease vaccines even for rare or eradicated disease (e.g., smallpox), in the event of an outbreak. The efficacy of infectious disease vaccines is generally high, and the vaccines convey population level benefits associated with herd immunity and potential eradication. The combination of substantial population-level benefits, low willingness to pay, and low tolerance for adverse events explains the need for the federal National Childhood Vaccine Injury Compensation Act, which encourages production and uptake by providing immunity from liability to industry and compensation to injured patients. These characteristics and considerations contrast sharply with those of NCD vaccines, raising the question of whether the term "vaccine" is appropriate for this new category of drugs. The article explores the emerging class of NCD vaccines, explains how they differ from traditional vaccines, and describes some regulatory implications of this innovative type of therapeutic.

Enhancing the Breadth and Efficacy of Therapeutic Vaccines for Breast Cancer

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-10-01

including antigens preferentially expressed by breast cancer stem cells. We will identify both MHC-I- and MHC-II- restricted antigens driving both CD8...even two of them were exclusively targeted by T cells in chronic lymphocytic leukemia ( CLL ) patients (3). This analysis demonstrated both that...lymphocytic leukemia ( CLL ) 7 positive CLLs (23%) 3 Table 1. Immunogenic peptides that have been eluted from the cell surface of breast carcinoma cells

42 CFR 476.71 - QIO review requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... necessary for the diagnosis and treatment of illness or injury or to improve functioning of a malformed body member, or (with respect to pneumococcal vaccine) for prevention of illness or (in the case of hospice care) for the palliation and management of terminal illness; (2) Whether the quality of the services...

42 CFR 476.71 - QIO review requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... treatment of illness or injury or to improve functioning of a malformed body member, or (with respect to pneumococcal vaccine) for prevention of illness or (in the case of hospice care) for the palliation and management of terminal illness; (2) Whether the quality of the services meets professionally recognized...

42 CFR 476.71 - QIO review requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... necessary for the diagnosis and treatment of illness or injury or to improve functioning of a malformed body member, or (with respect to pneumococcal vaccine) for prevention of illness or (in the case of hospice care) for the palliation and management of terminal illness; (2) Whether the quality of the services...

42 CFR 476.71 - QIO review requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... necessary for the diagnosis and treatment of illness or injury or to improve functioning of a malformed body member, or (with respect to pneumococcal vaccine) for prevention of illness or (in the case of hospice care) for the palliation and management of terminal illness; (2) Whether the quality of the services...

42 CFR 110.2 - Summary of available benefits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Summary of available benefits. 110.2 Section 110.2 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES VACCINES COUNTERMEASURES INJURY COMPENSATION PROGRAM General Provisions § 110.2 Summary of available benefits. (a) The Act...

42 CFR 110.2 - Summary of available benefits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Summary of available benefits. 110.2 Section 110.2 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES VACCINES COUNTERMEASURES INJURY COMPENSATION PROGRAM General Provisions § 110.2 Summary of available benefits. (a) The Act...

42 CFR 110.32 - Benefits for lost employment income.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Benefits for lost employment income. 110.32 Section 110.32 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES VACCINES COUNTERMEASURES INJURY COMPENSATION PROGRAM Available Benefits § 110.32 Benefits for lost employment income. (a...

42 CFR 110.32 - Benefits for lost employment income.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Benefits for lost employment income. 110.32 Section 110.32 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES VACCINES COUNTERMEASURES INJURY COMPENSATION PROGRAM Available Benefits § 110.32 Benefits for lost employment income. (a...

42 CFR 110.2 - Summary of available benefits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Summary of available benefits. 110.2 Section 110.2 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES VACCINES COUNTERMEASURES INJURY COMPENSATION PROGRAM General Provisions § 110.2 Summary of available benefits. (a) The Act...

42 CFR 110.32 - Benefits for lost employment income.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Benefits for lost employment income. 110.32 Section 110.32 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES VACCINES COUNTERMEASURES INJURY COMPENSATION PROGRAM Available Benefits § 110.32 Benefits for lost employment income. (a...

42 CFR 110.32 - Benefits for lost employment income.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Benefits for lost employment income. 110.32 Section 110.32 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES VACCINES COUNTERMEASURES INJURY COMPENSATION PROGRAM Available Benefits § 110.32 Benefits for lost employment income. (a...

42 CFR 110.2 - Summary of available benefits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Summary of available benefits. 110.2 Section 110.2 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES VACCINES COUNTERMEASURES INJURY COMPENSATION PROGRAM General Provisions § 110.2 Summary of available benefits. (a) The Act...

Pre-Vaccination Care-Seeking in Females Reporting Severe Adverse Reactions to HPV Vaccine. A Registry Based Case-Control Study.

PubMed

Mølbak, Kåre; Hansen, Niels Dalum; Valentiner-Branth, Palle

2016-01-01

Since 2013 the number of suspected adverse reactions to the quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine reported to the Danish Medicines Agency (DMA) has increased. Due to the resulting public concerns about vaccine safety, the coverage of HPV vaccinations in the childhood vaccination programme has declined. The aim of the present study was to determine health care-seeking prior to the first HPV vaccination among females who suspected adverse reactions to HPV vaccine. In this registry-based case-control study, we included as cases vaccinated females with reports to the DMA of suspected severe adverse reactions. We selected controls without reports of adverse reactions from the Danish vaccination registry and matched by year of vaccination, age of vaccination, and municipality, and obtained from the Danish National Patient Registry and The National Health Insurance Service Register the history of health care usage two years prior to the first vaccine. We analysed the data by logistic regression while adjusting for the matching variables. The study included 316 cases who received first HPV vaccine between 2006 and 2014. Age range of cases was 11 to 52 years, with a peak at 12 years, corresponding to the recommended age at vaccination, and another peak at 19 to 28 years, corresponding to a catch-up programme targeting young women. Compared with 163,910 controls, cases had increased care-seeking in the two years before receiving the first HPV vaccine. A multivariable model showed higher use of telephone/email consultations (OR 1.9; 95% CI 1.2-3.2), physiotherapy (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.6-2.8) and psychologist/psychiatrist (OR 1.9; 95% CI 1.3-2.7). Cases were more likely to have a diagnosis in the ICD-10 chapters of diseases of the digestive system (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.0-2.4), of the musculoskeletal system (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.1-2.2), symptoms or signs not classified elsewhere (OR 1.8; 95% CI 1.3-2.5) as well as injuries (OR 1.5; 95% CI 1.2-1.9). Before receiving the first HPV vaccination, females who suspected adverse reactions has symptoms and a health care-seeking pattern that is different from the matched population. Pre-vaccination morbidity should be taken into account in the evaluation of vaccine safety signals.

Defining traumatic brain injury in children and youth using international classification of diseases version 10 codes: a systematic review protocol.

PubMed

Chan, Vincy; Thurairajah, Pravheen; Colantonio, Angela

2013-11-13

Although healthcare administrative data are commonly used for traumatic brain injury research, there is currently no consensus or consistency on using the International Classification of Diseases version 10 codes to define traumatic brain injury among children and youth. This protocol is for a systematic review of the literature to explore the range of International Classification of Diseases version 10 codes that are used to define traumatic brain injury in this population. The databases MEDLINE, MEDLINE In-Process, Embase, PsychINFO, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews will be systematically searched. Grey literature will be searched using Grey Matters and Google. Reference lists of included articles will also be searched. Articles will be screened using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria and all full-text articles that meet the predefined inclusion criteria will be included for analysis. The study selection process and reasons for exclusion at the full-text level will be presented using a PRISMA study flow diagram. Information on the data source of included studies, year and location of study, age of study population, range of incidence, and study purpose will be abstracted into a separate table and synthesized for analysis. All International Classification of Diseases version 10 codes will be listed in tables and the codes that are used to define concussion, acquired traumatic brain injury, head injury, or head trauma will be identified. The identification of the optimal International Classification of Diseases version 10 codes to define this population in administrative data is crucial, as it has implications for policy, resource allocation, planning of healthcare services, and prevention strategies. It also allows for comparisons across countries and studies. This protocol is for a review that identifies the range and most common diagnoses used to conduct surveillance for traumatic brain injury in children and youth. This is an important first step in reaching an appropriate definition using International Classification of Diseases version 10 codes and can inform future work on reaching consensus on the codes to define traumatic brain injury for this vulnerable population.

Traumatic Brain Injury and Olfaction: A Systematic Review

PubMed Central

Schofield, Peter William; Moore, Tammie Maree; Gardner, Andrew

2014-01-01

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common condition that is often complicated by neuropsychiatric sequelae that can have major impacts on function and quality of life. An alteration in the sense of smell is recognized as a relatively common complication of TBI; however in clinical practice, this complication may not be sought or adequately characterized. We conducted a systematic review of studies concerned with olfactory functioning following TBI. Our predetermined criteria led to the identification of 25 studies published in English, which we examined in detail. We have tabulated the data from these studies in eight separate tables, beginning with Table 1, which highlights each study’s key findings, and we provide a summary/synthesis of the findings in the accompanying results and discussion sections. Despite widely differing methodologies, the studies attest to a high frequency of post-TBI olfactory dysfunction and indicate that its presence can serve as a potential marker of additional structural or functional morbidities. PMID:24478752

[Revision of the behavior of Italian universities towards the HBV vaccination and tuberculosis prophylaxis].

PubMed

La Torre, G; Palazzo, C; Ortis, M; Antoniozzi, T; Boccia, A; Sernia, S

2011-01-01

Diagnostic screening for hepatitis B and tuberculosis infection bears a very important role for health care professionals even considering the decreasing epidemiological trends. According to the WHO predictions in 2030 these diseases will remain at third and fourth places among the causes of death for infectious diseases in industrial countries. The aim of this study is to verify the presence of hepatitis B and tuberculosis prophylaxis among the entry requirements for Medical Schools (MED) and Healthcare Professions Degree (PS) courses in 2011/2012 enrollment announcements. We examined 39 websites of Italian Public and Private Universities and we discovered 38 different announcements for MED and PS courses looking for any reference about hepatitis B and tuberculosis vaccinations and Mantoux skin test. The statistical analysis is descriptive (frequency tables). Hepatitis B vaccination was required in 7 (18.4%) enrollment announcements for MED and 6 (13.6%) for PS, respectively. Tuberculosis vaccination and/or Mantoux skin test were found among requirements of only 10 announcements for MED and 7 for PS, respectively. According to this study there is a great and unexpected variability among the different universities. A homologation of these requirements would be strongly desirable among Italian regions and on the entire national territory.

Bombings specific triage (Bost Tool) tool and its application by healthcare professionals.

PubMed

Sanjay, Jaiswal; Ankur, Verma; Tamorish, Kole

2015-01-01

Bombing is a unique incident which produces unique patterns, multiple and occult injuries. Death often is a result of combined blast, ballistic and thermal effect injuries. Various natures of injury, self referrals and arrival by private transportation may lead to "wrong triage" in the emergency department. In India there has been an increase in incidence of bombing in the last 15 years. There is no documented triage tool from the National Disaster Management Authority of India for Bombings. We have tried to develop an ideal bombing specific triage tool which will guide the right patients to the right place at the right time and save more lives. There are three methods of studying the triage tool: 1) real disaster; 2) mock drill; 3) table top exercise. In this study, a table top exercise method was selected. There are two groups, each consisting of an emergency physician, a nurse and a paramedic. By using the proportion test, we found that correct triaging was significantly different (P=0.005) in proportion between the two groups: group B (80%) with triage tool performed better in triaging the bomb blast victims than group A (50%) without the bombing specific triage tool performed. Development of bombing specific triage tool can reduce under triaging.

Bombings specific triage (Bost Tool) tool and its application by healthcare professionals

PubMed Central

Sanjay, Jaiswal; Ankur, Verma; Tamorish, Kole

2015-01-01

BACKGROUND: Bombing is a unique incident which produces unique patterns, multiple and occult injuries. Death often is a result of combined blast, ballistic and thermal effect injuries. Various natures of injury, self referrals and arrival by private transportation may lead to “wrong triage” in the emergency department. In India there has been an increase in incidence of bombing in the last 15 years. There is no documented triage tool from the National Disaster Management Authority of India for Bombings. We have tried to develop an ideal bombing specific triage tool which will guide the right patients to the right place at the right time and save more lives. METHODS: There are three methods of studying the triage tool: 1) real disaster; 2) mock drill; 3) table top exercise. In this study, a table top exercise method was selected. There are two groups, each consisting of an emergency physician, a nurse and a paramedic. RESULTS: By using the proportion test, we found that correct triaging was significantly different (P=0.005) in proportion between the two groups: group B (80%) with triage tool performed better in triaging the bomb blast victims than group A (50%) without the bombing specific triage tool performed. CONCLUSION: Development of bombing specific triage tool can reduce under triaging. PMID:26693264

Serologic response in eight alpacas vaccinated by extralabel use of a large animal rabies vaccine during a public health response to a rabid alpaca in South Carolina.

PubMed

Wallace, Ryan M; Niezgoda, Michael; Waggoner, Emily A; Blanton, Jesse Dean; Radcliffe, Rachel A

2016-09-15

CASE DESCRIPTION A female alpaca, kept at pasture with 12 other female alpacas, 2 crias, and 5 goats, was evaluated because of clinical signs of aggression. CLINICAL FINDINGS The clinical signs of aggression progressed to include biting at other animals as well as disorientation. Three days later, the alpaca was euthanized because of suspicion of rabies virus infection. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME No physical injuries were found at necropsy. Brain tissue specimens were confirmed positive for rabies on the basis of direct fluorescent antibody test results. Molecular typing identified the rabies virus variant as one that is enzootic in raccoons. The farm was placed under quarantine, restricting movement of animals on and off the property for 6 months. To prevent further rabies cases, 14 alpacas (12 adults and 2 crias) were vaccinated by extralabel use of a large animal rabies vaccine. Of the 14 vaccinated alpacas, 8 had paired serum samples obtained immediately before and 21 days after vaccination; all 8 alpacas had adequate serum antirabies antibody production in response to rabies vaccination. As a result of an adequate serologic response, the quarantine was reduced to 3 months. In the year after the index rabies case, no other animals on the farm developed rabies. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Extralabel use of rabies vaccines in camelids was used in the face of a public health investigation. This report provides an example of handling of a rabies case for future public health investigations, which will undoubtedly need to develop ad-hoc rabies vaccination recommendations on the basis of the unique characteristics of the event.

Immune correlates of protection against yellow fever determined by passive immunization and challenge in the hamster model.

PubMed

Julander, Justin G; Trent, Dennis W; Monath, Thomas P

2011-08-11

Live, attenuated yellow fever (YF) 17D vaccine is highly efficacious but causes rare, serious adverse events resulting from active replication in the host and direct viral injury to vital organs. We recently reported development of a potentially safer β-propiolactone-inactivated whole virion YF vaccine (XRX-001), which was highly immunogenic in mice, hamsters, monkeys, and humans [10,11]. To characterize the protective efficacy of neutralizing antibodies stimulated by the inactivated vaccine, graded doses of serum from hamsters immunized with inactivated XRX-001 or live 17D vaccine were transferred to hamsters by the intraperitoneal (IP) route 24h prior to virulent, viscerotropic YF virus challenge. Neutralizing antibody (PRNT(50)) titers were determined in the sera of treated animals 4h before challenge and 4 and 21 days after challenge. Neutralizing antibodies were shown to mediate protection. Animals having 50% plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT(50)) titers of ≥40 4h before challenge were completely protected from disease as evidenced by viremia, liver enzyme elevation, and protection against illness (weight change) and death. Passive titers of 10-20 were partially protective. Immunization with the XRX-001 vaccine stimulated YF neutralizing antibodies that were equally effective (based on dose response) as antibodies stimulated by live 17D vaccine. The results will be useful in defining the level of seroprotection in clinical studies of new yellow fever vaccines. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

An idea whose time has come: Compensation for vaccine-related injuries and death in India.

PubMed

Nadimpally, Sarojini; Banerjee, Sneha; Venkatachalam, Deepa; Bhagianadh, Divya

2017-01-01

This paper emphasises the urgent need for a compensation policy for those affected by adverse events following immunisation in India. In the absence of such a mechanism in the country, people claim compensation by taking recourse to tort law and have to face the ensuing uncertainty and challenges with regard to the award of compensation. The paper argues that people should be provided compensation in the event of death and serious adverse events following compulsory immunisation, irrespective of whether there is a causal association between the adverse event and the vaccine, on the basis of no fault compensation.

Estimating occupational illness, injury, and mortality in food production in the United States: A farm-to-table analysis

PubMed Central

Leon, Juan S.; Newman, Lee S.

2015-01-01

Objectives The study provides a novel model and more comprehensive estimates of the burden of occupational morbidity and mortality in food-related industries, using a farm-to-table approach. Methods The authors analyzed 2008–2010 US Bureau of Labor Statistics data for private industries in the different stages of the farm-to-table model (production; processing; distribution and storage; retail and preparation). Results The morbidity rate for food system industries were significantly higher than the morbidity rate for non-food system industries (Rate Ratio (RR)=1.62, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.30–2.01). Furthermore, the occupational mortality rate for food system industries was significantly higher than the national non-food occupational mortality rate (RR=9.51, 95% CI: 2.47–36.58). Conclusions This is the first use of the farm-to-table model to assess occupational morbidity and mortality, and these findings highlighting specific workplace hazards across food system industries. PMID:25970031

Ozone injury increases infection of geranium leaves by Botrytis cinerea

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Manning, W.J.; Feder, W.A.; Perkins, I.

1970-04-01

Detached and attached, inoculated and noninoculated, ozone-injured and noninjured leaves from the lower, middle, and terminal regions of plants of geranium cultivars Enchantress and White Mountain were observed for infection by Botrytis cinerea. Previous exposure to ozone did not appreciably influence the susceptibility of leaves of either geranium cultivar to infection by B. cinerea, unless there was visible ozone injury. Ozone-injured, necrotic tissues on older attached and detached geranium leaves of both cultivars served as infection courts for B. cinerea. 14 references, 1 table.

Cold Injuries in Korea During Winter of 1950-1951

DTIC Science & Technology

1951-11-01

to be wet with perspiration (Table 7). Shoe! wAce were worn by 87.8 per cent nf patients with this condition. Am previouly irdic~tad, thii o’"ition 1...51. No informtion was available an the number of -nrr•t’ostbitten men in Korea who had a past history of cold injury. " • * k. Smoking. - Since the...inability to keep the feet warm. Cool or cold ambient t~eperatu.o% cavm.od stinging pain of the affected part. g,- B. A., a 24 year old • C, was frostbitten

Seroprevalence of tetanus toxoid antibody and booster vaccination efficacy in Japanese travelers.

PubMed

Mizuno, Yasutaka; Yamamoto, Akihiko; Komiya, Takako; Takeshita, Nozomi; Takahashi, Motohide

2014-01-01

Tetanus can be prevented by vaccination, which is especially important for overseas travelers. However, despite booster vaccination every 10 years being recommended, most Japanese adults do not receive it in the absence of physical injury or overseas travel. We aimed to investigate the level of protective immunity against tetanus among Japanese travelers, which may provide valuable information for formulating booster vaccination recommendations. 113 Japanese travelers given tetanus toxoid were recruited. The collected samples included paired samples prior to and 3-5 weeks after receiving the booster vaccination. Travelers who did not return and those lacking sample collection at the second visit were excluded. Finally, 96 paired blood samples were collected. History of immunization against tetanus, including DPT and DT vaccines, was determined from interviews or immunization records. The pre-vaccination geometric mean titer for the 96 participants was 1.07 IU/mL; 76% had a protective antitoxin level (>0.1 IU/mL), and 50% had a long-term protective antitoxin level (>1.0 IU/mL). Most participants <40 years old had protective immunity without receiving booster vaccination, whereas only 30.8% of those >50 years of age had protective immunity. Among the 23 participants without protective antitoxin levels (<0.1 IU/mL), booster vaccination was efficient in 100% of those <40 years but in only 28.6% of those >50 years of age. Although the tetanus antitoxin level decreases with age, booster vaccination helped to achieve an adequate protective antitoxin levels in Japanese travelers <40 years of age. Furthermore, the individuals who have never been vaccinated against tetanus especially in those >50 years old need to obtain protective immunity against tetanus according to a basic immunization schedule to prevent tetanus in travelers and residents of Japan. Copyright © 2013 Japanese Society of Chemotherapy and the Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Studies on the pathogenesis of fever. II. Identification of an endogenous pyrogen in the blood stream following the injection of typhoid vaccine.

PubMed

ATKINS, E; WOOD, W B

1955-11-01

Further studies have been made of a pyrogenic substance which appears in the circulation of rabbits during the course of experimental fever induced by injection of typhoid vaccine. With the use of a passive transfer method and pyrogen-tolerant recipients, the biological properties of this substance have been differentiated from those of the uncleared vaccine in the circulation. The newly identified factor resembles leucocytic pyrogen in the rapidity with which it produces fever and in its failure to exhibit cross-tolerance with bacterial pyrogen. This striking similarity of properties suggests that the circulating factor is of endogenous origin and may arise from cell injury. A close correlation between its presence in the circulation and the existence of fever has been demonstrated. The possible relationship of these findings to the pathogenesis of fever is evident.

Developing Novel Conjugate HIV-1 Subunit Therapeutic Vaccines.

DTIC Science & Technology

1996-06-01

significant CD4-binding was observed for gpl20-KLH conjugates prepared using 1 -ethyl- 3 -( 3 - dimethylaminopropyl )carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC). EDC...Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188), Washington, DC 20503. 1 . AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3 . REPORT TYPE AND...FOREWORD 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS 4 INTRODUCTION 5 RESULTS 6 Specific Aim # 1 : Production and characterization of HIV-JlV and HIV-1jR_ gp120 6 Development and

Medical Surveillance Monthly Report (MSMR). Volume 22, Number 4, April 2015

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-04-01

illness or injury, e.g., general medical examinations, aft er care, vaccinations ) or “E-codes” (indicators of the external causes but not the natures...1996:120–122. autism -related encounters each during the 1-year surveillance period. As among pediatric benefi ciaries, among young adults (18–44

42 CFR 110.11 - Survivors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Survivors. 110.11 Section 110.11 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES VACCINES COUNTERMEASURES INJURY... of part L of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 3796 et seq...

76 FR 33304 - Disease, Disability, and Injury Prevention and Control Special Emphasis Panel (SEP): Initial Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-08

... announced below concerns Strategies to Improve Vaccination Coverage of Children in Child Care Centers (CCCs) and Preschools, Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) IP11-006; Strategies to Increase Health Care..., Number 83, Pages 24031. The place should read as follows: Place: Holiday Inn Decatur Conference Center...

42 CFR 110.30 - Benefits available to different categories of requesters under this Program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Benefits available to different categories of requesters under this Program. 110.30 Section 110.30 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES VACCINES COUNTERMEASURES INJURY COMPENSATION PROGRAM Available Benefits § 110...

42 CFR 110.70 - Determinations the Secretary must make before benefits can be paid.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Determinations the Secretary must make before benefits can be paid. 110.70 Section 110.70 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES VACCINES COUNTERMEASURES INJURY COMPENSATION PROGRAM Secretarial Determinations § 110.70...

42 CFR 110.30 - Benefits available to different categories of requesters under this Program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Benefits available to different categories of requesters under this Program. 110.30 Section 110.30 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES VACCINES COUNTERMEASURES INJURY COMPENSATION PROGRAM Available Benefits § 110...

42 CFR 110.70 - Determinations the Secretary must make before benefits can be paid.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Determinations the Secretary must make before benefits can be paid. 110.70 Section 110.70 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES VACCINES COUNTERMEASURES INJURY COMPENSATION PROGRAM Secretarial Determinations § 110.70...

42 CFR 110.70 - Determinations the Secretary must make before benefits can be paid.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Determinations the Secretary must make before benefits can be paid. 110.70 Section 110.70 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES VACCINES COUNTERMEASURES INJURY COMPENSATION PROGRAM Secretarial Determinations § 110.70...

42 CFR 110.70 - Determinations the Secretary must make before benefits can be paid.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Determinations the Secretary must make before benefits can be paid. 110.70 Section 110.70 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES VACCINES COUNTERMEASURES INJURY COMPENSATION PROGRAM Secretarial Determinations § 110.70...

42 CFR 110.30 - Benefits available to different categories of requesters under this Program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Benefits available to different categories of requesters under this Program. 110.30 Section 110.30 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES VACCINES COUNTERMEASURES INJURY COMPENSATION PROGRAM Available Benefits § 110...

42 CFR 110.30 - Benefits available to different categories of requesters under this Program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Benefits available to different categories of requesters under this Program. 110.30 Section 110.30 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES VACCINES COUNTERMEASURES INJURY COMPENSATION PROGRAM Available Benefits § 110...

Kidney toxicity related to herbs and dietary supplements: Online table of case reports. Part 3 of 5 series.

PubMed

Brown, Amy Christine

2017-09-01

No tabular summary of potentially life-threatening, kidney-toxic dietary supplements (DS; includes herbs) based on PubMed case reports is currently available online and continually updated to forewarn United States consumers, clinicians, and companies manufacturing DS. The purpose of this review was to create an online research summary table of kidney toxicity case reports related to DS. Documented PubMed case reports (1966 to May 2016, and cross-referencing) of DS appearing to contribute to kidney toxicity were listed in "DS Toxic Tables." Keywords included "herb" or "dietary supplement" combined with "kidney" to generate an overview list, and possibly "toxicity" to narrow the selection. Case reports were excluded if they involved herb combinations (some exceptions), Chinese herb mixtures, teas of mixed herb contents, mushrooms, poisonous plants, self-harm, excessive doses (except vitamins/minerals), legal or illegal drugs, drug-herbal interactions, and confounders of drugs or diseases. Since commercial DS often include a combination of ingredients, they were treated separately; so were foods. A few foods with kidney-toxic effects were listed in a fourth table. The spectrum of herbal or DS-induced kidney injuries included kidney stones, nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, necrosis, acute kidney injury (AKI; previously known as acute renal failure [ARF]), chronic kidney disease, kidney transplant, and death. Approximately 7 herbs (minus 4 no longer for sale) and 10 dietary supplements (minus 3 excluded due to excessive doses + germanium that is no longer sold) have been related to kidney injury case reports published in PubMed (+crosslisting) in the last 50 + years (1966 to May 2016). The implicated herbs include Chinese yew (Taxus celbica) extract, impila (Callilepis laureola), morning cypress (Cupressus funebris Endl), St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum), thundergod vine (Tripterygium wilfordii hook F), tribulus (Tribulus terrestris) and wormwood (Artemisia herba-alba). No longer sold in the United States are chocolate vine or mu tong (Caulis aristolochiae), guang fang ji (Aristolochia fangchi), ma huang (Ephedra sinica), and Tenshin Tokishigyaku-ka-goshuyu-shokyo-to. The DS include bile (sheep), chlorella, chromium (Cr), CKLS, creatine, gallbladder (fish), glucosamine, hydrazine, N.O.-Xplode, Spanish fly, and excess intakes of vitamins A, C, and D. Germanium (Ge) is not available for sale. The top two DS with the largest number of reported publications, but not always case reports, in descending order, were the aristolochic acid-containing herbs guang fang ji (mistaken identity) and chocolate vine or mu tong. The remaining DS featured one to three publications over a 50+ year period. Numerous case reports were reported for kidney-toxic foods: djenkol bean, gallbladders (carp fish, pufferfish, & snake), and star fruit (only in chronic kidney disease patients), and uncooked yam powder or juice. This online "DS Toxic Table" provides clinicians, consumers, and manufacturers with a list of herbs that could potentially contribute to kidney injuries. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Management of pedal puncture wounds.

PubMed

Belin, Ronald; Carrington, Scott

2012-07-01

Puncture wounds of the foot are a common injury, and infection associated with these injuries may result in considerable morbidity. The pathophysiology and management of a puncture wound is dependent on the material that punctures the foot, the location and depth of the wound, time to presentation, footwear, and underlying health status of the patient. Puncture wounds should not be treated lightly, so accurate diagnosis, assessment, and treatment are paramount. Early incision and drainage, vaccination, and the use of proper antibiotics can lead to positive outcomes and prevent limb-threatening circumstances. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Abdomen Impact Testing of the Hybrid III Rail Safety (H3-RS) Anthropomorphic Test Device

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-09-01

The Hybrid III Rail Safety (H3-RS) anthropomorphic test device (ATD) is a crash test dummy that was developed in the UK to evaluate abdomen and lower thorax injuries that occur when passengers impact workstation tables during train accidents. The H3-...

Survey Questions Answered Only by Psychosocial Experts.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American Journal on Mental Retardation, 2000

2000-01-01

Twelve tables provide a breakdown of answers to a survey responded to by 48 experts in the psychosocial treatment of psychiatric and behavioral problems in people with mental retardation. Questions address treatment of self-injurious or aggressive behavior, specific psychiatric disorders, specific target symptoms, use of applied behavior analysis…

The Effect of Reported Head Injury on Team Performance and Partner Evaluation

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-02-17

4 Measures……………………………………………………………………………… 5 DDD Task…….…………………………………………………………………. 5 Evaluation survey……………………………………………………………….. 5...6 The effects of injury condition on DDD performance and evaluation......................... 7 Discussion...tables 1. Overall team DDD score and evaluation subscales as a function of injury condition….. 7 2. Correlations among the measured variables

Prevention of Tetanus Outbreak Following Natural Disaster in Indonesia: Lessons Learned from Previous Disasters.

PubMed

Pascapurnama, Dyshelly Nurkartika; Murakami, Aya; Chagan-Yasutan, Haorile; Hattori, Toshio; Sasaki, Hiroyuki; Egawa, Shinichi

2016-03-01

In Indonesia, the Aceh earthquake and tsunami in 2004 killed 127,000 people and caused half a million injuries, while the Yogyakarta earthquake in 2006 caused 5,700 deaths and 37,000 injuries. Because disaster-affected areas are vulnerable to epidemic-prone diseases and tetanus is one such disease that is preventable, we systematically reviewed the literature related to tetanus outbreaks following previous two natural disasters in Indonesia. Based on our findings, recommendations for proper vaccination and education can be made for future countermeasures. Using specified keywords related to tetanus and disasters, relevant documents were screened from PubMed, the WHO website, and books. Reports offering limited data and those released before 2004 were excluded. In all, 16 publications were reviewed systematically. Results show that 106 cases of tetanus occurred in Aceh, with a case fatality ratio (CFR) of 18.9%; 71 cases occurred in Yogyakarta, with CFR of 36.6%. For both outbreaks, most patients had been wounded during scavenging or evacuation after the disaster occurred. Poor access to health care because of limited transportation or hospital facilities, and low vaccination coverage and lack of awareness of tetanus risk contributed to delayed treatment and case severity. Tetanus outbreaks after disasters are preventable by increasing vaccination coverage, improving wound care treatment, and establishing a regular surveillance system, in addition to good practices of disaster management and supportive care following national guidelines. Furthermore, health education for communities should be provided to raise awareness of tetanus risk reduction.

Skin Response to Delayed Hypersensitivity Testing in Persons With Unilateral Stroke-related Paresis: Implications for People With Spinal Cord Injury

PubMed Central

Trautner, Barbara W; Zimmermann, Kuno P; Squyres, Sara A; Darouiche, Rabih O

2007-01-01

Background: Vaccination rates among individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) could be improved if it can be shown that vaccination performed on insensate areas is effective. This would eliminate the the risk of discomfort and soreness at the injection site. Objective: To determine whether immune responsiveness varies between areas with intact and impaired innervation in patients with stroke-related paresis. Design: Prospective trial in which each subject served as his or her own control. Setting: Rehabilitation wards and long-term care units at a Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Patients: Individuals with a history of cerebrovascular accident (CVA) affecting 1 side of the body. Methods: The Multitest cell-mediated immunity (CMI) and purified protein derivative (PPD) of tuberculin were administered intradermally to each arm of each subject. Main Outcome Measures: Total millimeters of induration in response to either test and positive vs negative responses to either test were compared between the 2 arms of each subject. Results: Response to delayed hypersensitivity testing did not differ between the arms affected and unaffected by CVA in each subject, and the time since CVA also did not affect the magnitude of the skin response. Conclusions: Skin testing for delayed hypersensitivity can be effectively administered in the paretic arms of persons who have experienced CVA. Although this study was performed in patients with stroke-related impairment, it has implications for vaccine administration in individuals with SCI-related neurologic deficits. PMID:17853658

Neutralizing Antibodies Elicited by a Novel Detoxified Pneumolysin Derivative, PlyD1, Provide Protection against Both Pneumococcal Infection and Lung Injury

PubMed Central

Salha, Danielle; Szeto, Jason; Myers, Lisa; Claus, Carol; Sheung, Anthony; Tang, Mei; Ljutic, Belma; Hanwell, David; Ogilvie, Karen; Ming, Marin; Messham, Benjamin; van den Dobbelsteen, Germie; Hopfer, Robert; Ochs, Martina M.

2012-01-01

Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumolysin (PLY) is a virulence factor that causes toxic effects contributing to pneumococcal pneumonia. To date, deriving a PLY candidate vaccine with the appropriate detoxification and immune profile has been challenging. A pneumolysin protein that is appropriately detoxified and that retains its immunogenicity is a desirable vaccine candidate. In this study, we assessed the protective efficacy of our novel PlyD1 detoxified PLY variant and investigated its underlying mechanism of protection. Results have shown that PlyD1 immunization protected mice against lethal intranasal (i.n.) challenge with pneumococci and lung injury mediated by PLY challenge. Protection was associated with PlyD1-specific IgG titers and in vitro neutralization titers. Pretreatment of PLY with PlyD1-specific rat polyclonal antiserum prior to i.n. delivery of toxin reduced PLY-mediated lung lesions, interleukin-6 (IL-6) production, and neutrophil infiltration into lungs, indicating that protection from lung lesions induced by PLY is antibody mediated. Preincubation of PLY with a neutralizing monoclonal PLY antibody also specifically reduced the cytotoxic effects of PLY after i.n. inoculation in comparison to nonneutralizing monoclonal antibodies. These results indicate that the induction of neutralizing antibodies against PLY can contribute to protection against bacterial pneumonia by preventing the development of PLY-induced lung lesions and inflammation. Our detoxified PlyD1 antigen elicits such PLY neutralizing antibodies, thus serving as a candidate vaccine antigen for the prevention of pneumococcal pneumonia. PMID:22473606

Neutralizing antibodies elicited by a novel detoxified pneumolysin derivative, PlyD1, provide protection against both pneumococcal infection and lung injury.

PubMed

Salha, Danielle; Szeto, Jason; Myers, Lisa; Claus, Carol; Sheung, Anthony; Tang, Mei; Ljutic, Belma; Hanwell, David; Ogilvie, Karen; Ming, Marin; Messham, Benjamin; van den Dobbelsteen, Germie; Hopfer, Robert; Ochs, Martina M; Gallichan, Scott

2012-06-01

Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumolysin (PLY) is a virulence factor that causes toxic effects contributing to pneumococcal pneumonia. To date, deriving a PLY candidate vaccine with the appropriate detoxification and immune profile has been challenging. A pneumolysin protein that is appropriately detoxified and that retains its immunogenicity is a desirable vaccine candidate. In this study, we assessed the protective efficacy of our novel PlyD1 detoxified PLY variant and investigated its underlying mechanism of protection. Results have shown that PlyD1 immunization protected mice against lethal intranasal (i.n.) challenge with pneumococci and lung injury mediated by PLY challenge. Protection was associated with PlyD1-specific IgG titers and in vitro neutralization titers. Pretreatment of PLY with PlyD1-specific rat polyclonal antiserum prior to i.n. delivery of toxin reduced PLY-mediated lung lesions, interleukin-6 (IL-6) production, and neutrophil infiltration into lungs, indicating that protection from lung lesions induced by PLY is antibody mediated. Preincubation of PLY with a neutralizing monoclonal PLY antibody also specifically reduced the cytotoxic effects of PLY after i.n. inoculation in comparison to nonneutralizing monoclonal antibodies. These results indicate that the induction of neutralizing antibodies against PLY can contribute to protection against bacterial pneumonia by preventing the development of PLY-induced lung lesions and inflammation. Our detoxified PlyD1 antigen elicits such PLY neutralizing antibodies, thus serving as a candidate vaccine antigen for the prevention of pneumococcal pneumonia.

Determining suitable dimensions for dairy goat feeding places by evaluating body posture and feeding reach.

PubMed

Keil, Nina M; Pommereau, Marc; Patt, Antonia; Wechsler, Beat; Gygax, Lorenz

2017-02-01

Confined goats spend a substantial part of the day feeding. A poorly designed feeding place increases the risk of feeding in nonphysiological body postures, and even injury. Scientifically validated information on suitable dimensions of feeding places for loose-housed goats is almost absent from the literature. The aim of the present study was, therefore, to determine feeding place dimensions that would allow goats to feed in a species-appropriate, relaxed body posture. A total of 27 goats with a height at the withers of 62 to 80 cm were included in the study. Goats were tested individually in an experimental feeding stall that allowed the height difference between the feed table, the standing area of the forelegs, and a feeding area step (difference in height between forelegs and hind legs) to be varied. The goats accessed the feed table via a palisade feeding barrier. The feed table was equipped with recesses at varying distances to the feeding barrier (5-55 cm in 5-cm steps) at angles of 30°, 60°, 90°, 120°, or 150° (feeding angle), which were filled with the goats' preferred food. In 18 trials, balanced for order across animals, each animal underwent all possible combinations of feeding area step (3 levels: 0, 10, and 20 cm) and of difference in height between feed table and standing area of forelegs (6 levels: 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 cm). The minimum and maximum reach at which the animals could reach feed on the table with a relaxed body posture was determined for each combination. Statistical analysis was performed using mixed-effects models. The animals were able to feed with a relaxed posture when the feed table was at least 10 cm higher than the standing height of the goats' forelegs. Larger goats achieved smaller minimum reaches and minimum reach increased if the goats' head and neck were angled. Maximum reach increased with increasing height at withers and height of the feed table. The presence of a feeding area step had no influence on minimum and maximum reach. Based on these results, the goats' feeding place can be designed to ensure that the animals are able to reach all of the feed in the manger or on the feed table with a relaxed posture, thus avoiding injuries and nonphysiological stress on joints and hooves. A feeding area step up to a maximum of 20 cm need not be taken into account in terms of feeding reach. However, the feed table must be raised at least 10 cm above the standing area to allow the goats to feed in a species-appropriate, relaxed posture. Copyright © 2017 American Dairy Science Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Using Workers' Compensation Claims Data to Characterize Occupational Injuries in the Commercial Grain Elevator Industry.

PubMed

Ramaswamy, Sai K; Mosher, Gretchen A

2017-07-31

Workplace injuries in the grain handling industry are common, yet little research has characterized worker injuries in grain elevators across all hazard types. Learning from past injuries is essential for preventing future occurrences, but the lack of injury information for the grain handling industry hinders this effort. The present study addresses this knowledge gap by using data from over 7000 workers' compensation claims reported from 2008 to 2016 by commercial grain handling facilities in the U.S. to characterize injury costs and severity. The total amount paid for each claim was used as a measure of injury severity. The effects of employee age and tenure, cause of injury, and body part injured on the cost of work-related injuries were investigated. Contingency tables were used to classify the variable pairs. The chi-square test and chi-square residuals were employed to evaluate the relationship between the variable pairs and identify the at-risk groups. Results showed that the employee age and tenure, cause of injury, and body part injured have a significant influence on the cost paid for the claim. Several at-risk groups were identified as a result of the analyses. Findings from the study will assist commercial grain elevators in the development of targeted safety interventions and assist grain elevator safety managers in mitigating financial and social losses from occupational injuries. Copyright© by the American Society of Agricultural Engineers.

A prospective study of the incidence of myocarditis/pericarditis and new onset cardiac symptoms following smallpox and influenza vaccination

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Engler, Renata J. M.; Nelson, Michael R.; Collins Jr., Limone C.

Although myocarditis/pericarditis (MP) has been identified as an adverse event following smallpox vaccine (SPX), the prospective incidence of this reaction and new onset cardiac symptoms, including possible subclinical injury, has not been prospectively defined. The study's primary objective was to determine the prospective incidence of new onset cardiac symptoms, clinical and possible subclinical MP in temporal association with immunization. New onset cardiac symptoms, clinical MP and cardiac specific troponin T (cTnT) elevations following SPX (above individual baseline values) were measured in a multi-center prospective, active surveillance cohort study of healthy subjects receiving either smallpox vaccine or trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV).more » Results New onset chest pain, dyspnea, and/or palpitations occurred in 10.6% of SPX-vaccinees and 2.6% of TIV-vaccinees within 30 days of immunization (relative risk (RR) 4.0, 95% CI: 1.7-9.3). Among the 1081 SPX-vaccinees with complete follow-up, 4 Caucasian males were diagnosed with probable myocarditis and 1 female with suspected pericarditis. This indicates a post-SPX incidence rate more than 200-times higher than the pre-SPX background population surveillance rate of myocarditis/pericarditis (RR 214, 95% CI 65-558). Additionally, 31 SPX-vaccinees without specific cardiac symptoms were found to have over 2-fold increases in cTnT (>99th percentile) from baseline (pre-SPX) during the window of risk for clinical myocarditis/pericarditis and meeting a proposed case definition for possible subclinical myocarditis. This rate is 60-times higher than the incidence rate of overt clinical cases. No clinical or possible subclinical myocarditis cases were identified in the TIV-vaccinated group. In conclusion, passive surveillance significantly underestimates the true incidence of myocarditis/pericarditis after smallpox immunization. Evidence of subclinical transient cardiac muscle injury post-vaccinia immunization is a finding that requires further study to include long-term outcomes surveillance. Active safety surveillance is needed to identify adverse events that are not well understood or previously recognized.« less

A prospective study of the incidence of myocarditis/pericarditis and new onset cardiac symptoms following smallpox and influenza vaccination

DOE PAGES

Engler, Renata J. M.; Nelson, Michael R.; Collins Jr., Limone C.; ...

2015-03-20

Although myocarditis/pericarditis (MP) has been identified as an adverse event following smallpox vaccine (SPX), the prospective incidence of this reaction and new onset cardiac symptoms, including possible subclinical injury, has not been prospectively defined. The study's primary objective was to determine the prospective incidence of new onset cardiac symptoms, clinical and possible subclinical MP in temporal association with immunization. New onset cardiac symptoms, clinical MP and cardiac specific troponin T (cTnT) elevations following SPX (above individual baseline values) were measured in a multi-center prospective, active surveillance cohort study of healthy subjects receiving either smallpox vaccine or trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV).more » Results New onset chest pain, dyspnea, and/or palpitations occurred in 10.6% of SPX-vaccinees and 2.6% of TIV-vaccinees within 30 days of immunization (relative risk (RR) 4.0, 95% CI: 1.7-9.3). Among the 1081 SPX-vaccinees with complete follow-up, 4 Caucasian males were diagnosed with probable myocarditis and 1 female with suspected pericarditis. This indicates a post-SPX incidence rate more than 200-times higher than the pre-SPX background population surveillance rate of myocarditis/pericarditis (RR 214, 95% CI 65-558). Additionally, 31 SPX-vaccinees without specific cardiac symptoms were found to have over 2-fold increases in cTnT (>99th percentile) from baseline (pre-SPX) during the window of risk for clinical myocarditis/pericarditis and meeting a proposed case definition for possible subclinical myocarditis. This rate is 60-times higher than the incidence rate of overt clinical cases. No clinical or possible subclinical myocarditis cases were identified in the TIV-vaccinated group. In conclusion, passive surveillance significantly underestimates the true incidence of myocarditis/pericarditis after smallpox immunization. Evidence of subclinical transient cardiac muscle injury post-vaccinia immunization is a finding that requires further study to include long-term outcomes surveillance. Active safety surveillance is needed to identify adverse events that are not well understood or previously recognized.« less

A Prospective Study of the Incidence of Myocarditis/Pericarditis and New Onset Cardiac Symptoms following Smallpox and Influenza Vaccination

PubMed Central

Engler, Renata J. M.; Nelson, Michael R.; Collins Jr., Limone C.; Spooner, Christina; Hemann, Brian A.; Gibbs, Barnett T.; Atwood, J. Edwin; Howard, Robin S.; Chang, Audrey S.; Cruser, Daniel L.; Gates, Daniel G.; Vernalis, Marina N.; Lengkeek, Marguerite S.; McClenathan, Bruce M.; Jaffe, Allan S.; Cooper, Leslie T.; Black, Steve; Carlson, Christopher; Wilson, Christopher; Davis, Robert L.

2015-01-01

Background Although myocarditis/pericarditis (MP) has been identified as an adverse event following smallpox vaccine (SPX), the prospective incidence of this reaction and new onset cardiac symptoms, including possible subclinical injury, has not been prospectively defined. Purpose The study’s primary objective was to determine the prospective incidence of new onset cardiac symptoms, clinical and possible subclinical MP in temporal association with immunization. Methods New onset cardiac symptoms, clinical MP and cardiac specific troponin T (cTnT) elevations following SPX (above individual baseline values) were measured in a multi-center prospective, active surveillance cohort study of healthy subjects receiving either smallpox vaccine or trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV). Results New onset chest pain, dyspnea, and/or palpitations occurred in 10.6% of SPX-vaccinees and 2.6% of TIV-vaccinees within 30 days of immunization (relative risk (RR) 4.0, 95% CI: 1.7-9.3). Among the 1081 SPX-vaccinees with complete follow-up, 4 Caucasian males were diagnosed with probable myocarditis and 1 female with suspected pericarditis. This indicates a post-SPX incidence rate more than 200-times higher than the pre-SPX background population surveillance rate of myocarditis/pericarditis (RR 214, 95% CI 65-558). Additionally, 31 SPX-vaccinees without specific cardiac symptoms were found to have over 2-fold increases in cTnT (>99th percentile) from baseline (pre-SPX) during the window of risk for clinical myocarditis/pericarditis and meeting a proposed case definition for possible subclinical myocarditis. This rate is 60-times higher than the incidence rate of overt clinical cases. No clinical or possible subclinical myocarditis cases were identified in the TIV-vaccinated group. Conclusions Passive surveillance significantly underestimates the true incidence of myocarditis/pericarditis after smallpox immunization. Evidence of subclinical transient cardiac muscle injury post-vaccinia immunization is a finding that requires further study to include long-term outcomes surveillance. Active safety surveillance is needed to identify adverse events that are not well understood or previously recognized. PMID:25793705

Advances in viral hepatitis: 50 years of Australian gastroenterology.

PubMed

McCaughan, Geoff

2009-10-01

Viral hepatitis classification, treatments and pathogenesis has been increasingly defined over the past 50 years. Australian researchers have made significant contributions in the areas of viral hepatitis A vaccine development, treatment outcomes for chronic hepatitis B and C, the role of liver transplantation and the pathogenesis of injury and disease progression. This review outlines some of these contributions.

Studies in the Nature and Control of Sepsis in Thermal and Combined Thermal-Irradiation Injuries

DTIC Science & Technology

1970-03-01

burns in 1, purulent scleritis in I1 chicken pox in 1 and otitis media in 1. * .nlg,. .. cet al. arch 31,. 1970 Pi•c~ forty-nine VIII. Publications 1...relationship to synergism in poly- microbic in rections; III- Clinical evaluation of Pseudomonas Vaccine, SIV. . Gnotobiotic studies of the response

Can Vascular Injury be Appropriately Assessed With Physical Examination After Knee Dislocation?

PubMed

Weinberg, Douglas S; Scarcella, Nicholas R; Napora, Joshua K; Vallier, Heather A

2016-06-01

Knee dislocations are rare injuries with potentially devastating vascular complications. An expeditious and accurate diagnosis is necessary, as failing to diagnose vascular injury can result in amputation; however, the best diagnostic approach remains controversial. We asked: (1) What patient factors are predictors of vascular injury after knee dislocation? (2) What are the diagnostic utilities of palpable dorsalis pedis or posterior tibial pulses, and the presence of an ankle-brachial index (ABI) of 0.9 or greater? A database at a Level I trauma center was queried for patients with evidence of knee dislocation, demographic information (age at the time of injury, sex, Injury Severity Score, BMI, mechanism of injury), and the presence of open injury were recorded. One-hundred forty-one patients underwent screening at initial presentation, of whom 26 (24%) underwent early vascular exploration based on an abnormal physical examination. One-hundred five (91%) of the remaining 115 patients were available at a minimum followup of 6 months (mean, 19 ± 10 months). In total, 31 unique patients were excluded, including 10 patients (7%) who were lost to followup before 6 months. Among the 110 patients who met inclusion criteria, the mean age and SD was 37 ± 13 years, and the Injury Severity Score was 15 ± 9. There were 71 males (65%). Logistic regression was used to determine independent correlates of vascular injury. The vascular examination was reviewed for the presence of a palpable pulse in the dorsalis pedis artery, the presence of a palpable pulse in the posterior tibial artery, and whether the ABI in the dorsalis pedis was 0.9 or greater. Contingency tables were generated to assess the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of physical examination maneuvers. The physical examination was collectively regarded as "normal" when both pulses were palpable and the ABI was 0.9 or greater. The initial physical examination as just described was considered the diagnostic test being evaluated in this study; "positive" tests were evaluated by and confirmed at vascular surgery, and 6 months clinical followup without symptoms or progressive signs of vascular injury confirmed the absence of injury in the remainder of the patients. Contingency tables were generated again to assess the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the combined physical examination. Increased BMI (odds ratio [OR], 1.077; 95% CI, 1.008-1.155; p = 0.033) and open injuries (OR, 3.366; 95% CI, 1.008-11.420; p = 0.048) were associated with vascular injury. No single physical examination maneuver had a 100% sensitivity for ruling out vascular injury. A normal physical examination (palpable pulses and ABI ≥ 0.9) had 100% sensitivity for ruling out vascular injury. Increased BMI and the presence of open dislocation are associated with a greater risk for vascular injury after knee dislocation. The combination of a palpable dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial pulse combined with an ABI of 0.9 or greater was 100% sensitive for the detection of vascular injury based on clinical followup at 6 months. Level III, diagnostic study.

Costs associated with influenza-related hospitalization in the elderly.

PubMed

Torner, Núria; Navas, Encarna; Soldevila, Núria; Toledo, Diana; Navarro, Gemma; Morillo, Aurea; Pérez, Maria José; Domínguez, Angela

2017-02-01

Seasonal influenza epidemics remain a considerable burden in adults, especially in those at higher risk of complications. The aim of this study was to determine the costs associated with influenza-related hospitalization in patients aged ≥65 y admitted to 20 hospitals from 7 Spanish regions during the 2013-14 and 2014-15 influenza seasons. Bivariate analysis was used to compare costs in vaccinated and unvaccinated cases. Costs were calculated according to the Spanish National Health System diagnosis-related group tables for influenza and other respiratory system conditions (GRD 89 and GRD 101). A total of 728 confirmed influenza cases were recorded: 52.9% were male, 46.7% were aged 75-84 years, and 49.3% received influenza vaccine ≥15 d prior to hospital admission. Influenza-related mean hospitalization costs (MHC) were € 1,184,808 in unvaccinated and € 1,152,333 in vaccinated cases (2.75% lower). Influenza vaccination showed significant protection against ICU admission (OR 0.35, 95%CI 0.21-0.59; p < 0001); mechanical ventilation (OR 0.56, 95%CI 0.39-0.80; p = 0.002); secondary bacterial pneumonia (OR 0.61, 95%CI 0.39-0.98; p = 0.04) and a higher degree of dependence (OR 0.74, 95%CI 0.55-0.99; p = 0.04). No association was observed for the Charlson comorbidity index or the mean hospital stay. Although influenza vaccination of the elderly may not achieve significant savings in mean hospitalization costs, it may lessen the degree of severity and avoid complications.

Are airbags effective in decreasing trauma in auto accidents?

PubMed

Williams, Regan F; Croce, Martin A

2009-01-01

Multiple studies have addressed the effect of airbags on injury and mortality after motor vehicle collision with discrepant results (Table 1). Although large, population-based studies have minimized the protective effect of airbags, the most recent studies examining airbags have shown a decrease in injury and death, with the greatest protective effect seen when they are used in conjunction with seatbelts. Optimal restraint use is also associated with a decrease in infectious morbidity and hospital resource utilization. The widespread use of seatbelts and airbags will continue to save lives and decrease morbidity after motor vehicle collision.

A Prospective Study of Injuries and Injury Risk Factors Among Army Wheel Vehicle Mechanics

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-08-01

metacarpalphalangeal joint and 110* at the proximal interphalangeal joint of the third finger . While keeping the forearm on the padded table surface...ground, then return to the starting point with elbows fully extended. For sit-up, the Soldier bent his knees at a 90’ angle, interlocked his fingers ...Wrist 5 5.4 Hand 2 2.2 Finger 3 3.3 Upper Back 1 1.1 Lower Back Lower Back 16 17.4 Pelvic Area 1 1.1 Anterior Thigh 1 1.1 Knee 17 18.5 Lower Body Calf 1

Pathological and Pathophysiological Alterations in Temporal Lobe Structures After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-01-31

rats at 1, 7 and 30 days post-injury compared to sham-operated by microarray analysis (see Table 3) were used as the input for analysis of potential ...SCHS0911 (20 µM), and GYKI S2466 (SO µM), at a holding potential of -70 mV. Representative examples ofrecordings obtained in the BLA are shown in (A...of d-APV (SO µM), SCHS0911 (20 µM), and GYKI S 2466 (SO µM), TTX (1 µM) at a holding potential of - 70 m V. Representative examples of recordings

Tilt Table Therapies for Patients with Severe Disorders of Consciousness: A Randomized, Controlled Trial

PubMed Central

Krewer, Carmen; Luther, Marianne; Koenig, Eberhard; Müller, Friedemann

2015-01-01

One major aim of the neurological rehabilitation of patients with severe disorders of consciousness (DOC) is to enhance patients’ arousal and ability to communicate. Mobilization into a standing position by means of a tilt table has been shown to improve their arousal and awareness. However, due to the frequent occurrence of syncopes on a tilt table, it is easier to accomplish verticalization using a tilt table with an integrated stepping device. The objective of this randomized controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the effectiveness of a tilt table therapy with or without an integrated stepping device on the level of consciousness. A total of 50 participants in vegetative or minimally conscious states 4 weeks to 6 month after injury were treated with verticalization during this randomized controlled trial. Interventions involved ten 1-hour sessions of the specific treatment over a 3-week period. Blinded assessors made measurements before and after the intervention period, as well as after a 3-week follow-up period. The coma recovery scale-revised (CRS-R) showed an improvement by a median of 2 points for the group receiving tilt table with integrated stepping (Erigo). The rate of recovery of the group receiving the conventional tilt table therapy significantly increased by 5 points during treatment and by an additional 2 points during the 3-week follow-up period. Changes in spasticity did not significantly differ between the two intervention groups. Compared to the conventional tilt table, the tilt table with integrated stepping device failed to have any additional benefit for DOC patients. Verticalization itself seems to be beneficial though and should be administered to patients in DOC in early rehabilitation. Trial Registration: Current Controlled Trials Ltd (www.controlled-trials.com), identifier number ISRCTN72853718 PMID:26623651

Tilt Table Therapies for Patients with Severe Disorders of Consciousness: A Randomized, Controlled Trial.

PubMed

Krewer, Carmen; Luther, Marianne; Koenig, Eberhard; Müller, Friedemann

2015-01-01

One major aim of the neurological rehabilitation of patients with severe disorders of consciousness (DOC) is to enhance patients' arousal and ability to communicate. Mobilization into a standing position by means of a tilt table has been shown to improve their arousal and awareness. However, due to the frequent occurrence of syncopes on a tilt table, it is easier to accomplish verticalization using a tilt table with an integrated stepping device. The objective of this randomized controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the effectiveness of a tilt table therapy with or without an integrated stepping device on the level of consciousness. A total of 50 participants in vegetative or minimally conscious states 4 weeks to 6 month after injury were treated with verticalization during this randomized controlled trial. Interventions involved ten 1-hour sessions of the specific treatment over a 3-week period. Blinded assessors made measurements before and after the intervention period, as well as after a 3-week follow-up period. The coma recovery scale-revised (CRS-R) showed an improvement by a median of 2 points for the group receiving tilt table with integrated stepping (Erigo). The rate of recovery of the group receiving the conventional tilt table therapy significantly increased by 5 points during treatment and by an additional 2 points during the 3-week follow-up period. Changes in spasticity did not significantly differ between the two intervention groups. Compared to the conventional tilt table, the tilt table with integrated stepping device failed to have any additional benefit for DOC patients. Verticalization itself seems to be beneficial though and should be administered to patients in DOC in early rehabilitation. Trial Registration: Current Controlled Trials Ltd (www.controlled-trials.com), identifier number ISRCTN72853718.

Establishing a Spinal Injury Criterion for Military Seats

DTIC Science & Technology

1997-01-01

Table represents 54 Trials (18 [phase I] + 36 [phase II]); "Combined Effects" of Delta V, Gpk & ATD Size illM-l A General Linear Model (GLM) analysis...5thpercentilemale AID would not have compliedwith the tolerance criterion under the higher impulse severity levels (i.e., 20 and 30 Gpk ). Similarly, the

Prevention of Blast-Related Injuries

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-07-01

in various biomarkers (S100B, NSE, MBP, NF-H, SBDP, IL-6, HSP - 70 ). 21 Table 6. Details of Blast and Sham Tests for Histological Studies of...in 100% ethyl alcohol for 3 minutes followed by a 1 minute change in 70 % alcohol and a 1 minute change in distilled water. The sections were then

Strategies for increasing adolescent immunizations in diverse ethnic communities.

PubMed

Greenfield, Lauren S; Page, Libby C; Kay, Meagan; Li-Vollmer, Meredith; Breuner, Cora C; Duchin, Jeffrey S

2015-05-01

We sought to identify attitudes and knowledge of adolescent vaccination recommendations for tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis (Tdap); quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate (MCV4); and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines among Hispanic, Somali, and Ethiopian/Eritrean communities in King County, Washington. In-person surveys of Hispanic, Somali, and Ethiopian/Eritrean adolescents (n = 45) and parents of adolescents (n = 157), and three focus groups with mothers of 11- to 18-year-olds were conducted to assess knowledge, attitudes, and barriers related to recommended adolescent vaccines. Bivariate analyses of parent survey responses were performed to evaluate possible differences between ethnic groups (chi-square test and Fisher exact test where possible). Findings were used to develop (1) culture-specific written brochures for community members, which addressed misperceptions about adolescent immunizations and related diseases, and (2) a presentation highlighting specific messages for health care providers (HCPs) in the target communities. HCPs were surveyed after delivery of the presentation (n = 20). We identified barriers to adolescent immunization including: parents' and adolescents' limited awareness of, and misperceptions regarding, recommended adolescent vaccines and vaccine preventable diseases; lack of HCP recommendations for vaccination; and inability to access health information in native languages. Awareness of tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis, quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate, and human papillomavirus vaccines varied by vaccine and ethnic group. Lack of knowledge of adolescent vaccination recommendations was the main reason given by parents that their adolescents had not been vaccinated. Most parents in the focus groups identified doctors as a trusted source of health information and reported that they would vaccinate their teens if their doctor recommended it. All the surveyed HCPs routinely recommend adolescent vaccines at well-child visits, 55% at acute visits, and 35% at injury visits. Eighty percent reported that they would be more likely to recommend HPV vaccine after our on-site presentation. A strong recommendation from the physician is a critical factor influencing parents' decision to vaccinate, even when hesitancy exists. Other factors (such as personal experiences with these diseases and religious and cultural beliefs) also influence parents' decisions regarding vaccination. Knowledge of beliefs, misperceptions, and concerns can help inform strategies to improve adolescent vaccine uptake among specific ethnic populations, including the availability of culturally tailored, translated information. Additionally, HCPs may benefit from guidance on communicating with ethnic populations to support meaningful dialogue with families about the risks and benefits of adolescent vaccines. Copyright © 2015 Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Reaction-Diffusion-Delay Model for EPO/TNF-α Interaction in articular cartilage lesion abatement

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Background Injuries to articular cartilage result in the development of lesions that form on the surface of the cartilage. Such lesions are associated with articular cartilage degeneration and osteoarthritis. The typical injury response often causes collateral damage, primarily an effect of inflammation, which results in the spread of lesions beyond the region where the initial injury occurs. Results and discussion We present a minimal mathematical model based on known mechanisms to investigate the spread and abatement of such lesions. The first case corresponds to the parameter values listed in Table 1, while the second case has parameter values as in Table 2. In particular we represent the "balancing act" between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines that is hypothesized to be a principal mechanism in the expansion properties of cartilage damage during the typical injury response. We present preliminary results of in vitro studies that confirm the anti-inflammatory activities of the cytokine erythropoietin (EPO). We assume that the diffusion of cytokines determine the spatial behavior of injury response and lesion expansion so that a reaction diffusion system involving chemical species and chondrocyte cell state population densities is a natural way to represent cartilage injury response. We present computational results using the mathematical model showing that our representation is successful in capturing much of the interesting spatial behavior of injury associated lesion development and abatement in articular cartilage. Further, we discuss the use of this model to study the possibility of using EPO as a therapy for reducing the amount of inflammation induced collateral damage to cartilage during the typical injury response. Table 1 Model Parameter Values for Results in Figure 5 Table of Parameter Values Corresponding to Simulations in Figure 5 Parameter Value Units Reason D R 0.1 c m 2 day Determined from [13] D M 0.05 c m 2 day Determined from [13] D F 0.05 c m 2 day Determined from [13] D P 0.005 c m 2 day Determined from [13] δ R 0.01 1 day Approximated δ M 0.6 1 day Approximated δ F 0.6 1 day Approximated δ P 0.0087 1 day Approximated δ U 0.0001 1 day Approximated σ R 0.0001 micromolar ⋅ c m 2 day ⋅ cells Approximated σ M 0.00001 micromolar ⋅ c m 2 day ⋅ cells Approximated σ F 0.0001 micromolar ⋅ c m 2 day ⋅ cells Approximated σ P 0 micromolar ⋅ c m 2 day ⋅ cells Case with no anti-inflammatory response Λ 10 micromolar Approximated λ R 10 micromolar Approximated λ M 10 micromolar Approximated λ F 10 micromolar Approximated λ P 10 micromolar Approximated α 0 1 day Case with no anti-inflammatory response β 1 100 1 day Approximated Β 2 50 1 day Approximated γ 10 1 day Approximated ν 0.5 1 day Approximated μ S A 1 1 day Approximated μ D N 0.5 1 day Approximated τ 1 0.5 days Taken from [5] τ 2 1 days Taken from [5] Table 2 Model Parameter Values for Results in Figure 6 Table of Parameter Values Corresponding to Simulations in Figure 6 Parameter Value Units Reason D R 0.1 c m 2 day Determined from [13] D M 0.05 c m 2 day Determined from [13] D F 0.05 c m 2 day Determined from [13] DP 0.005 c m 2 day Determined from [13] δ R 0.01 1 day Approximated δ M 0.6 1 day Approximated δ F 0.6 1 day Approximated δ P 0.0087 1 day Approximated δ U 0.0001 1 day Approximated σ R 0.0001 micromolar ⋅ c m 2 day ⋅ cells Approximated σ M 0.00001 micromolar ⋅ c m 2 day ⋅ cells Approximated σ F 0.0001 micromolar ⋅ c m 2 day ⋅ cells Approximated σ P 0.001 micromolar ⋅ c m 2 day ⋅ cells Approximated Λ 10 micromolar Approximated λ R 10 micromolar Approximated λ M 10 micromolar Approximated λ F 10 micromolar Approximated λ P 10 micromolar Approximated α 10 1 day Approximated β 1 100 1 day Approximated β 2 50 1 day Approximated γ 10 1 day Approximated ν 0.5 1 day Approximated μ S A 1 1 day Approximated μ D N 0.5 1 day Approximated τ 1 0.5 days Taken from [5] τ 2 1 days Taken from [5] Conclusions The mathematical model presented herein suggests that not only are anti-inflammatory cy-tokines, such as EPO necessary to prevent chondrocytes signaled by pro-inflammatory cytokines from entering apoptosis, they may also influence how chondrocytes respond to signaling by pro-inflammatory cytokines. Reviewers This paper has been reviewed by Yang Kuang, James Faeder and Anna Marciniak-Czochra. PMID:22353555

Knife wound to the posterior fossa in a child.

PubMed

Mohan, Avinash L; Slim, Michel; Benzil, Deborah L

2005-03-01

Knife wounds to the posterior fossa are a rare occurrence, especially in children. We report an 8-year-old girl who sustained a penetrating knife injury through the occipital bone into the posterior fossa. On presentation, the large knife blade was firmly embedded in her head. Radiographic evaluation was limited to plain X-rays because of the large size and sharpness of the embedded blade. Innovative positioning was used during intubation and then the patient was positioned semi-prone on the operating room table. The blade was surgically removed and the dura was closed. Atypical penetrating cranial injuries in children may require the treatment team to take a creative approach to the evaluation and repair of the lesion in order to maximize patient safety and minimize the risk of neurological injury.

Immunization in pregnancy.

PubMed

Gruslin, Andrée; Steben, Marc; Halperin, Scott; Money, Deborah M; Yudin, Mark H

2009-11-01

To review the evidence and provide recommendations on immunization in pregnancy. Outcomes evaluated include effectiveness of immunization, risks and benefits for mother and fetus. The Medline and Cochrane databases were searched for articles published up to June 2008 on the topic of immunization in pregnancy. The evidence obtained was reviewed and evaluated by the Infectious Diseases Committee of the Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada (SOGC) under the leadership of the principal authors, and recommendations were made according to guidelines developed by the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care. Implementation of the recommendations in this guideline should result in more appropriate immunization of pregnant and breastfeeding women, decreased risk of contraindicated immunization, and better disease prevention. The quality of evidence reported in this document has been assessed using the evaluation of evidence criteria in the Report of the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care (Table 1). (1) All women of childbearing age should be evaluated for the possibility of pregnancy before immunization. (III-A). (2) Health care providers should obtain a relevant immunization history from all women accessing prenatal care. (III-A). (3) In general, live and/or live-attenuated virus vaccines should not be administered during pregnancy, as there is a, largely theoretical, risk to the fetus. (II-3B). (4) Women who have inadvertently received immunization with live or live-attenuated vaccines during pregnancy should not be counselled to terminate the pregnancy because of a teratogenic risk. (II-2A). (5) Non-pregnant women immunized with a live or live-attenuated vaccine should be counselled to delay pregnancy for at least four weeks. (III-B). (6) Inactivated viral vaccines, bacterial vaccines, and toxoids can be used safely in pregnancy. (II-1A). (7) Women who are breastfeeding can still be immunized (passive-active immunization, live or killed vaccines). (II-1A) (8) Pregnant women should be offered the influenza vaccine (including H1N1 vaccine, when it is available) when they are pregnant during the influenza season. (II-1A). (9) Pregnant women with suspected or documented H1N1 infection should be treated with oseltamivir (Tamiflu, 75 mg twice daily for 5 days) within 48 hours of onset of symptoms. (III-B).

78 FR 61370 - National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program; List of Petitions Received

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-03

... Federal Claims No: 13-0579V 28. Melanie Wood on behalf of L.W., Deceased, Jackson, Tennessee, Court of.... 300aa-12(b)(2), requires that ``[w]ithin 30 days after the Secretary receives service of any petition..., Court of Federal Claims No: 13-0543V 9. Terry L. Kegler, Ft. Braggs, North Carolina, Court of Federal...

Who needs a shot ... a review of tetanus immunity in the West of Ireland.

PubMed

Moughty, Adrian; Donnell, John O; Nugent, Mary

2013-12-01

Tetanus is a rare disease but, in the era of widespread vaccination, largely a preventable one. Immunization programmes in childhood are felt to offer lifelong immunity but it is known that with increased age immunity wanes. We sought to assess immunity in a sample of patients presenting for conditions unrelated to injury to the emergency department covering an area in the West of Ireland. A convenience sample of 216 patients, who presented to the emergency department for complaints unrelated to injury, requiring blood tests for their management was obtained. Using the Protetanus QuickStick® all samples were analysed. No statistical difference between men and women in terms of tetanus immunity (p=0.94) but significant reduction in immunity with increasing age (p<0.001). Those non-immune tended to be older with mean age of 66 years compared to mean age of 46 year for immune. Using logarithmic regression analysis an increase in age of 10 years was associated with 50% reduction in immunity. National guidelines should incorporate this data and explicitly advocate the use of booster doses of tetanus toxoid outside of the normal vaccination programme especially in the elderly.

Survey of animal bite injuries and their management for an estimate of human rabies deaths in N'Djaména, Chad.

PubMed

Frey, J; Mindekem, R; Kessely, H; Doumagoum Moto, D; Naïssengar, S; Zinsstag, J; Schelling, E

2013-12-01

To estimate the annual human rabies incidence as a baseline prior to mass dog vaccination campaigns in N'Djaména, Chad. Survey of animal bites, involving 50% of all healthcare providers in N'Djaména, from September 2008 to April 2009. Of 86 people exposed to a suspected rabid animal, 50% received post-exposure vaccination and a further 8% had their wound cleaned. We estimated annual incidence of bites from suspected rabid animals of 12.9/100,000 and an incidence of 0.7 human rabies deaths/100,000, resulting in 7 estimated deaths (95% confidence interval 4-10 deaths) per year in N'Djaména. 14% of bite victims sought help from veterinarians. Closer cooperation between physicians and veterinarians warrants more effective rabies control. The high proportion (42%) of potentially exposed people without post-exposure vaccination or wound treatment necessitates urgent attention. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Management of accidental exposure to Ebola virus in the biosafety level 4 laboratory, Hamburg, Germany.

PubMed

Günther, Stephan; Feldmann, Heinz; Geisbert, Thomas W; Hensley, Lisa E; Rollin, Pierre E; Nichol, Stuart T; Ströher, Ute; Artsob, Harvey; Peters, Clarence J; Ksiazek, Thomas G; Becker, Stephan; ter Meulen, Jan; Olschläger, Stephan; Schmidt-Chanasit, Jonas; Sudeck, Hinrich; Burchard, Gerd D; Schmiedel, Stefan

2011-11-01

A needlestick injury occurred during an animal experiment in the biosafety level 4 laboratory in Hamburg, Germany, in March 2009. The syringe contained Zaire ebolavirus (ZEBOV) mixed with Freund's adjuvant. Neither an approved treatment nor a postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) exists for Ebola hemorrhagic fever. Following a risk-benefit assessment, it was recommended the exposed person take an experimental vaccine that had shown PEP efficacy in ZEBOV-infected nonhuman primates (NHPs) [12]. The vaccine, which had not been used previously in humans, was a live-attenuated recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (recVSV) expressing the glycoprotein of ZEBOV. A single dose of 5 × 10(7) plaque-forming units was injected 48 hours after the accident. The vaccinee developed fever 12 hours later and recVSV viremia was detectable by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for 2 days. Otherwise, the person remained healthy, and ZEBOV RNA, except for the glycoprotein gene expressed in the vaccine, was never detected in serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells during the 3-week observation period.

The Changing Epidemiology of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Among the Indigenous and Non-indigenous Population of Northwestern Ontario, Canada, from 2006 Through 2015 and Emergence of Non-vaccine Serotypes

PubMed Central

Dalcin, Daniel; Sieswerda, Lee; Ulanova, Marina

2017-01-01

Abstract Background Rates of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) among indigenous populations remain substantially higher than their non-indigenous counterparts. The goal of this study was to analyze the epidemiology and demographic features of IPD in northwestern Ontario (NWO) among the indigenous and non-indigenous population in the context of recent changes in the provincial pneumococcal vaccination programs. Methods Two databases were used to identify cases of IPD in NWO: Thunder Bay Regional Health Sciences Centre and the Thunder Bay District Health Unit. Adult patients with a diagnosis of IPD at the TBRHSC from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2015 had their medical charts retrospectively reviewed; TBDHU data contained only serotype, age, and gender data. Results Table 1. Number of IPD cases and case fatality rate by indigenous status at the TBRHSC, 2006–2015 # of cases # of deaths year indigenous non-indigenous total indigenous non-indigenous total 2006 3 7 10 0 0 0 2007 0 8 8 0 1 1 2008 5 11 16 0 1 1 2009 8 20 28 2 0 2 2010 5 17 22 0 2 2 2011 6 22 28 1 1 2 2012 3 8 11 0 1 1 2013 10 12 22 1 3 4 2014 10 11 21 0 0 0 2015 3 13 16 0 2 2 total 53 129 182 4 11 15 53 of 182 (29.0%) of patients were indigenous. 35 of 53 (66.0%) of indigenous patients were immunocompromised, whereas 38 of 129 (29.5%) of non-indigenous patients were immunocompromised and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001, by chi square test). 35 of 73 (48.0%) of immunocompromised patients were indigenous. Table 2. Serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae causing IPD in northwestern Ontario, Canada, 2006–2015 (includes both TBRHSC + TBDHU data). year PCV7 PCV13 PCV23 non-vaccine serotypes unknown serotypes total 2006 0 0 0 0 26 26 2007 1 0 2 1 12 16 2008 2 2 5 4 14 27 2009 3 12 9 3 16 43 2010 0 7 8 4 12 31 2011 2 10 12 4 9 37 2012 0 2 11 8 4 25 2013 0 3 21 2 8 34 2014 1 2 9 3 8 23 2015 1 0 7 6 9 23 total 10 38 84 35 118 285 The proportion of non-vaccine serotypes has increased, on average, by 16% per year (P = 0.024, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.32). Conclusion High rates of IPD were found to occur among immunocompromised indigenous adults in NWO. Our findings identify a vulnerable cohort of the population that would benefit from pneumococcal vaccination coverage. The proportion of non-vaccine serotypes causing IPD has increased during the 10-year observation period. Disclosures M. Ulanova, Pfizer: Grant Investigator, Grant recipient

Consumer products and activities associated with dental injuries to children treated in United States emergency departments, 1990-2003.

PubMed

Stewart, Gregory B; Shields, Brenda J; Fields, Sarah; Comstock, R Dawn; Smith, Gary A

2009-08-01

Describe the association of consumer products and activities with dental injuries among children 0-17 years of age treated in United States emergency departments. A retrospective analysis of data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System, 1990-2003. There was an average of 22 000 dental injuries annually among children <18 years of age during the study period, representing an average annual rate of 31.6 dental injuries per 100 000 population. Children with primary dentition (<7 years) sustained over half of the dental injuries recorded, and products/activities associated with home structures/furniture were the leading contributors. Floors, steps, tables, and beds were the consumer products within the home most associated with dental injuries. Outdoor recreational products/activities were associated with the largest number of dental injuries among children with mixed dentition (7-12 years); almost half of these were associated with the bicycle, which was the consumer product associated with the largest number of dental injuries. Among children with permanent teeth (13- to 17-year olds), sports-related products/activities were associated with the highest number of dental injuries. Of all sports, baseball and basketball were associated with the largest number of dental injuries. To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate dental injuries among children using a national sample. We identified the leading consumer products/activities associated with dental injuries to children with primary, mixed, and permanent dentition. Knowledge of these consumer products/activities allows for more focused and effective prevention strategies.

The economic impact of electric saw injuries to the hand.

PubMed

Hoxie, Samuel C; Capo, Jason A; Dennison, David G; Shin, Alexander Y

2009-01-01

Injuries from electric saws cause considerable hand trauma. This study is designed to provide information detailing the costs of these injuries. The study was performed in a tertiary referral academic medical center. The records of patients injured by electric table saws were reviewed. Information regarding demographics, injury severity, medical expense, and time lost from work was analyzed. The patients were stratified by injury severity for further analysis. The mean wage for the region was used to estimate costs of time away from work. The Consumer Protection Agency's review was used to estimate the nationwide burden of these injuries. The study group included 134 patients. Of these patients, 126 were male and 8 were female. The dominant hand was injured in 20; the nondominant, in 114. The mean age was 47.0 years. The mean time lost from work was 64 days. The mean cost of medical expenses for all patients was $22,086, with $8,668 in lost wages, for a total of $30,754 mean cost per injury. The total economic burden for the injuries in this study is $4,121,097. These injuries represent a spectrum of severity, with minor injuries incurring lower hospital fees and requiring less time off work as compared to more involved injuries. Electric saws cause a wide spectrum of injuries that result in not only tremendous physical and emotional pain but also substantial economic impact as well. Technologies that would prevent such injuries would be a socioeconomic advancement. Federal mandates to implement such technologies should be encouraged.

Vaccination with the polymorphic membrane protein A reduces Chlamydia muridarum induced genital tract pathology.

PubMed

Müller, Tina; Becker, Elisabeth; Stallmann, Sonja; Waldhuber, Anna; Römmler-Dreher, Franziska; Albrecht, Simone; Mohr, Fabian; Hegemann, Johannes H; Miethke, Thomas

2017-05-15

Chlamydia trachomatis serovars D-K are one of the most frequent causes of sexually transmitted infections of the female genital tract, with possible complications such as hydrosalpinx, pelvic inflammatory disease, extra-uterine gravidity or infertility. We used the murine genital tract infection model with C. muridarum for vaccination studies and found that more than 70% of the infected mice suffered from uterus dilatations and/or hydrosalpinx. Systemic consequences of the vaginal infection were apparent by splenomegaly ten to fifteen days post infection. While cultivable microorganisms were detectable for the first 23days post infection, the first lesions of the genital tract developed at day 15, however, many lesions occurred later in the absence of cultivable bacteria. Lesions were not accompanied by pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IFNɣ, TNF and IL-6, since these cytokines were almost undetectable in the genital tract 43days post infection. To prevent genital tract lesions, we vaccinated mice with the polymorphic membrane protein (Pmp) A in combination with CpG-ODN 1826 as adjuvant. The vaccine lowered the chlamydial burden and the differences were significant at day 10 post infection but not later. More importantly the vaccine decreased the rate and severity of genital tract lesions. Interestingly, control vaccination with the protein ovalbumin plus CpG-ODN 1826 enhanced significantly the severity but not the rate of pathologic lesions, which was presumably caused by the activation of innate immune responses by the adjuvant in the absence of a C. muridarum-specific adaptive immune response. In summary, vaccination with recombinant PmpA plus CpG-ODN 1826 significantly reduced C. muridarum-induced tissue damage, however, CpG-ODN 1826 may aggravate C. muridarum-induced tissue injuries in the absence of a protective antigen. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Using Cognitive Task Analysis to Develop Scenario-Based Training for House-Clearing Teams

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-06-22

aggressive body position (crouched, karate stance could indicate guy is ready to fight) If I see them backing up it might indicate a fight is imminent...instead of shooting him. This decision allowed the team to minimize injury to the ERT and to the suspect (a goal that made sense for this situation). Table

7 CFR 51.1175 - Classification of defects.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... Definitions § 51.1175 Classification of defects. Table I Factor Injury Damage Serious damage Very serious... mushy condition Affecting all segments more than 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) at stem end, or the equivalent of... 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) at stem end, or the equivalent of this amount, by volume, when occurring in other...

7 CFR 51.784 - Classification of defects.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... Definitions § 51.784 Classification of defects. Table I Factor Injury Damage Serious damage Very serious.../4 inch (6.4 mm) at stem end, or the equivalent of this amount, by volume, when occurring in other portions of the fruit Affecting all segments more than 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) at stem end, or the equivalent of...

7 CFR 51.784 - Classification of defects.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Definitions § 51.784 Classification of defects. Table I Factor Injury Damage Serious damage Very serious.../4 inch (6.4 mm) at stem end, or the equivalent of this amount, by volume, when occurring in other portions of the fruit Affecting all segments more than 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) at stem end, or the equivalent of...

7 CFR 51.1175 - Classification of defects.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Definitions § 51.1175 Classification of defects. Table I Factor Injury Damage Serious damage Very serious... mushy condition Affecting all segments more than 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) at stem end, or the equivalent of... 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) at stem end, or the equivalent of this amount, by volume, when occurring in other...

Medical Management of Radiological Casualties, Second Edition, Handbook

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-04-01

neutropenia and fever) in irradiated persons is similar to that used for other febrile neutropenic patients, such as solid tumor patients receiving...of cytokines xii for patients expected to experience severe neutropenia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Table 3...toms of tissue injuries can mimic and obscure those caused by acute radiation effects. Conventional Therapy for Neutropenia and Infection The

The effect of using musical mobiles on reducing pain in infants during vaccination.

PubMed

Ozdemir, Funda K; Tüfekci, Fatma G

2012-07-01

Distraction during painful interventions may reduce pain perception, but results in the literature are inconsistent. The aim of the study was to test the effectiveness of a musical mobile as a distraction tool on pain reduction in infants during a vaccine injection. The study based on a quasi-experimental model involving a test group and a control group was performed on 120 healthy infants, who were presented to the primary healthcare center for their first DaPT-IPV-Hib combined vaccination. The study was conducted in a room furnished with or without a musical mobile fixed to the head of the examination table, suspended at a distance of 20 - 25 cm from the infant's face. A question form was used to determine the infants' characteristics, and the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC) Pain Scale was used to assess their levels of pain. Data were collected between January 1 and May 15, 2008. The pain scores of the infants in the test group (during the procedure 5.13 ± 2.11 and after the procedure 1.26 ± 2.01) were lower than the scores of the infants in the control group (during the procedure 6.65 ± 2.69 and after the procedure 3.61 ± 2.27). The crying duration was also shorter among infants in the test group than among infants in the control group (23.53 ± 18.38 vs. 30.88 ± 22.78 seconds) during the vaccination injection. A lower pain score and shorter crying duration in response to vaccination in a room furnished with a musical mobile indicates that distracting attention via a musical mobile is a practical way to reduce pain during routine medical interventions in infants.

The academic challenge of teaching psychomotor skills for hemostasis of solid organ injury.

PubMed

Lucas, Charles E; Ledgerwood, Anna M

2009-03-01

This study highlights the inherent challenges of achieving psychomotor skills in an era of nonoperative therapy for solid organ injuries. Technical procedures on the liver, the most frequent intra-abdominal solid organ injured, were assessed in five decades. Guided by prospective assessment and registry data, all patients with liver injury seen during 24 months in five consecutive decades were reviewed. Initially (1960s), all injuries were explored; currently (2000s), most injuries are observed. The number of patients was 235 (1960s), 228 (1970s), 79 (1980s), 116 (1990s), and 64 (2000s). The greater number in the 1990s reflects the diagnosis of minor, clinically insignificant, blunt injuries after abdominal CAT scan became available. Each injury was categorized by cause, severity (Abbreviated Injury Scale), associated shock, and primary therapy (observe [OBS], operation alone [OR], hepatorrhaphy [SUT], tractotomy [TRACT] with intraparenchymal hemostasis, hepatic dearterialization [HAL], and resection [RESECT]). Packing, used in each decade, was placed in one of the above primary treatment groups. The primary techniques for hemostasis are shown in the text table.Shock and Abbreviated Injury Scale correlated with mortality averaged 16%; 40 of 116 deaths (34%) exsanguinated from hepatic injury. During training, a resident performed an average of 12.0, 12.0, 2.4, 4.0, and 1.3 procedures for hemostasis. Reduced incidence and decreased therapeutic laparotomies for liver injury have created a training vacuum for future trauma surgeons. Surgical residents will need to supplement their clinical experience with solid organ hemostasis by practice on appropriate animal models of injury and cadaver dissections.

Leading causes of death from injury and poisoning by age, sex and urban/rural areas in Tianjin, China 1999-2006.

PubMed

Jiang, Guohong; Choi, Bernard C K; Wang, Dezheng; Zhang, Hui; Zheng, Wenlong; Wu, Tongyu; Chang, Gai

2011-05-01

Injury and poisoning are a growing public health concern in China due to rapid economic growth, which has resulted in many cases with an injury-prone environment, such as overcrowded traffic, booming construction, and work-related stress. This study investigates the distribution and trends of deaths from injury and poisoning in Tianjin, China, by age, sex and urban/rural status, from 1999 to 2006. The study used data from the all-cause mortality surveillance system maintained by the Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Each death certificate recorded 53 variables. Cause of death was coded using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). Standardized mortality rates and proportions of deaths were analyzed. Traffic accidents, suicide, poisoning, drowning and fall were the leading causes of fatal injuries in Tianjin from 1999 to 2006. Injury mortality rates were high in males, in rural areas, and in the older age groups. Despite low injury mortality rates, injury accounted for close to 50% of all deaths amongst the 5-29 year age group. Traffic accident mortality rates increased, although not significantly so, during the period from 1999 to 2006. Injury prevention and control is a high public health priority in Tianjin. Our detailed table on the number of deaths by causes of fatal injuries and by age group provides important information to set prevention strategies in the nurseries, schools, workplace and seniors homes. 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Musculoskeletal injuries and pain in dancers: a systematic review update.

PubMed

Jacobs, Craig L; Hincapié, Cesar A; Cassidy, J David

2012-01-01

The objective of this study was to assemble and synthesize the best available literature from 2004 to 2008 on musculoskeletal injury and pain in dancers. MEDLINE and CINAHL were the primary sources of data. Indexed terms such as dance, dancer, dancing, athletic injuries, occupational injuries, sprains and strains, musculoskeletal diseases, bone density, menstruation disturbances, and eating disorders were used to search the databases. Citations were screened for relevance using a priori criteria, and relevant studies were critically reviewed for scientific merit by the best-evidence synthesis method. After screening, 19 articles were found to be scientifically admissible. Data from accepted studies were abstracted into evidence tables relating to: prevalence and associated factors; incidence and risk factors; intervention; and injury characteristics and prognosis of musculoskeletal injury and pain in dancers. Principal findings included: a high prevalence and incidence of lower extremity, hip and back injuries; preliminary evidence that psychosocial and psychological issues such as stress and coping strategies affect injury frequency and duration; history of a previous lateral ankle sprain is associated with an increased risk of ankle sprain in the contralateral ankle in dance students; fatigue may play a role in ACL injury in dancers; acute hamstring strains in dancers affect tendon more than muscle tissue, often resulting in prolonged absence from dance. It is concluded that, while there are positive developments in the literature on the epidemiology, diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and prevention of MSK injuries and pain in dancers, much room for improvement remains. Suggestions for future research are offered.

[Application of the life table method to the estimation of late complications of normal tissues after radiotherapy].

PubMed

Morita, K; Uchiyama, Y; Tominaga, S

1987-06-01

In order to evaluate the treatment results of radiotherapy it is important to estimate the degree of complications of the surrounding normal tissues as well as the frequency of tumor control. In this report, the cumulative incidence rate of the late radiation injuries of the normal tissues was calculated using the modified actuarial method (Cutler-Ederer's method) or Kaplan-Meier's method, which is usually applied to the calculation of the survival rate. By the use of this method of calculation, an accurate cumulative incidence rate over time can be easily obtained and applied to the statistical evaluation of the late radiation injuries.

US Military Service Members Vaccinated Against Smallpox in 2003 and 2004 Experience a Slightly Higher Risk of Hospitalization Postvaccination

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-01-01

inflammatory bowel diseases . The authors examined myopericarditis using several different definitions, ranging from specific to sensitive (see Table 4...conditions 18 0.0 7 0.0 1.92 0.79, 4.69 280 Iron deficiency anemias 16 0.0 7 0.0 1.52 0.60, 3.84 288 Diseases of white blood cells 11 0.0 6 0.0 1.43...group for any-cause hospitalization and for hospitalization in several broad diagnostic categories. Hospitalizations for asthma, autoimmune diseases

Antibody Contributes to Heterosubtypic Immunity In the Cotton Rat Model of Influenza

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-09-29

K 1 e t c b l E v v R o M 0 d Vaccine...described in Section 2. accine 24 (2006) 6264–6271 6267 B i o ( r t A 3 v A g A t m ( g w p f i p h i s i m 9 n V h s i p k t c Table 2 Proportion of...5493. Epstein, S.L., C.Y. Lo, J.A. Misplon, C.M. Lawson, B.A. Hendrickson, E.E. Max, K . Subbarao . 1997. Mechanisms of heterosubtypic immunity

RotaTeq vaccine adverse events and policy considerations.

PubMed

Geier, David A; King, Paul G; Sykes, Lisa K; Geier, Mark R

2008-03-01

Rotavirus is the leading cause of severe gastroenteritis in children <5 years-old worldwide. On February 3, 2006, the US Food and Drug Administration licensed RotaTeq (Merck and Co.), a bioengineered combination of five human-bovine hybridized reassortment rotaviruses. In August of 2006, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended RotaTeq for routine vaccination of US infants administered orally at the ages 2, 4, and 6 months. An evaluation of data reported to VAERS following the first five quarters of post-marketing surveillance of RotaTeq was undertaken. Trends in adverse events reported following RotaTeq and cost-effectiveness calculations of RotaTeq in the context of the disease burden of rotavirus in the US were examined. From February 3, 2006 through July 31, 2007, a total of 160 (of the 165 reported) intussusception and 11 (of the 16 reported) Kawasaki disease adverse event reports were identified when RotaTeq was administered or co-administered with other vaccines. Time-trend analyses showed that there were significant increases in the total number of intussusception and Kawasaki disease adverse events entered into VAERS in comparison to previous years. These observations, coupled with limited rotavirus disease burden, cost-effectiveness, and potential contact viral transmission concerns, raise serious questions regarding the use of RotaTeq in the US. Healthcare providers should diligently report adverse events following RotaTeq vaccination to VAERS, and those who have experienced a vaccine-associated adverse event should be made aware that they may be eligible for compensation from the no-fault National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (NVICP).

Effects of photochemical oxidants on radial growth increment for five species of conifers in the San Bernardino National Forest

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ohmart, C.P.; Williams, C.B. Jr.

1979-12-01

Conifers on six vegetation plots - two sustaining severe visual oxidant injury to coniferous tree foliage, two exhibiting moderate foliar injury, and two indicating slight or no injury to foliage - were examined for loss of radial growth increment due to oxidant exposure in the San Bernardino National Forest. Five coniferous species were examined: Pinus ponderosa, P. jeffreyi, P. lambertiana, Abies concolor, and Libocedrus decurrens. P. ponderosa and A. concolor growing on the two heavily injured plots showed significant reductions in radial growth increment, whereas L. decurrens showed no response. P. jeffreyi and P. lambertiana did not occur on themore » heavily injured plots. Conifers on the other four plots exhibited no growth response to oxidant exposure. 7 references, 6 figures, 1 table.« less

Post-licensure surveillance of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in adults aged ⩾19years old in the United States, Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), June 1, 2012-December 31, 2015.

PubMed

Haber, Penina; Arana, Jorge; Pilishvili, Tamara; Lewis, Paige; Moro, Pedro L; Cano, Maria

2016-12-07

The 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) was first recommended for use in adults aged ⩾19years with immunocompromising conditions in June 2012. On August 2014, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended routine use of PCV13 among adults aged ⩾65years. We assessed adverse events (AEs) reports following PCV13 in adults aged ⩾19years reported to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) from June 2012 to December 2015. VAERS is a national spontaneous reporting system for monitoring AEs following vaccination. Our assessment included automated data analysis, clinical review of all serious reports and reports of special interest. We conducted empirical Bayesian data mining to assess for disproportionate reporting. VAERS received 2976 US PCV13 adult reports; 2103 (71%) of these reports were from PCV13 administered alone. Fourteen percent were in persons aged 19-64years and 86% were in persons aged ⩾65years. Injection site erythema (28%), injection site pain (24%) and fever (22%) were the most frequent AEs among persons aged 19-64years; injection site erythema (30%), erythema (20%) and injection site swelling (18%) were the most frequent among persons aged ⩾65years who were given the vaccine alone. The most frequently reported AEs among non-death serious reports were injection site reactions and general malaise among persons 19-64years old; injection site reactions, general malaise and Guillain-Barré syndrome among those ⩾65years (Table 2). Data mining did not detect disproportional reporting for any unexpected AE. The results of this study were consistent with safety data from pre-licensure studies of PCV13. We did not detect any new or unexpected AEs. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Australian bat lyssavirus: implications for public health.

PubMed

Francis, Joshua R; McCall, Bradley J; Hutchinson, Penny; Powell, Jodie; Vaska, Vikram L; Nourse, Clare

2014-12-11

Australian bat lyssavirus (ABLV) infection in humans is rare but fatal, with no proven effective therapy. ABLV infection can be prevented by administration of a post-exposure prophylaxis regimen of human rabies immunoglobulin and rabies vaccine. All Australian bats (flying foxes and microbats) should be considered to be carrying ABLV unless proven otherwise. Any bat-related injury (bite, scratch or mucosal exposure to bat saliva or neural tissue) should be notified immediately to the relevant public health unit - no matter how small the injury or how long ago it occurred. Human-to-human transmission of ABLV has not been reported but is theoretically possible. Standard infection control precautions should be employed when managing patients with suspected or confirmed ABLV infection.

Nuclear, biological, and chemical combined injuries and countermeasures on the battlefield.

PubMed

Knudson, Gregory B; Elliott, Thomas B; Brook, Itzhak; Shoemaker, Michael O; Pastel, Ross H; Lowy, Robert J; King, Gregory L; Herzig, Thomas C; Landauer, Michael R; Wilson, Scott A; Peacock, Susan J; Bouhaouala, S Samy; Jackson, William E; Ledney, G David

2002-02-01

The Armed Forces Radiobiological Research Institute (AFRRI) has developed a research program to determine the major health risks from exposure to ionizing radiation in combination with biological and chemical warfare agents and to assess the extent to which exposure to ionizing radiation compromises the effectiveness of protective drugs, vaccines, and other biological and chemical warfare prophylactic and treatment strategies. AFRRI's Defense Technology Objective MD22 supports the development of treatment modalities and studies to assess the mortality rates for combined injuries from exposure to ionizing radiation and Bacillus anthracis, and research to provide data for casualty prediction models that assess the health consequences of combined exposures. In conjunction with the Defense Threat Reduction Agency, our research data are contributing to the development of casualty prediction models that estimate mortality and incapacitation in an environment of radiation exposure plus other weapons of mass destruction. Specifically, the AFFRI research program assesses the effects of ionizing radiation exposure in combination with B. anthracis, Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus, Shigella sonnei, nerve agents, and mustard as well as their associated treatments and vaccines. In addition, the long-term psychological effects of radiation combined with nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) injuries are being evaluated. We are also assessing the effectiveness of gamma photons and high-speed neutrons and electrons for neutralizing biological and chemical warfare agents. New protocols based on our NBC bioeffects experiments will enable U.S. armed forces to accomplish military operations in NBC environments while optimizing both survival and military performance. Preserving combatants' health in an NBC environment will improve warfighting operations and mission capabilities.

Temporal Progression of Visual Injury from Blast Exposure

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-09-01

seen throughout the duration of the study. To correlate experimental blast exposures in rodents to human blast exposures, a computational parametric...software (JMP 10.0, Cary,NC). Descriptive and univariate analyses will first be performed to identify the occurrence of delayed visual system...later). The biostatistician evaluating the retrospective data has completed the descriptive analysis and is working on the multiple regression. Table

Medical Surveillance Monthly Report (MSMR). Volume 3, Number 2, March 1997

DTIC Science & Technology

1997-03-01

1997 Total number Environmental Injuries Viral Hepatitis Malaria Varicella Reporting of reports Active Duty CO Active Active Other MTF/Post...113.5 -25.5 -22.5% .05 New Mexico 48 65.9 -17.9 -27.1% .05 North Dakota 22 34.5 -12.5 -36.3% .05 Minnesota 114 138.1 -24.1 -17.5% .05 Table 1

Sampling plantations to determine white-pine weevil injury

Treesearch

Robert L. Talerico; Robert W., Jr. Wilson

1973-01-01

Use of 1/10-acre square plots to obtain estimates of the proportion of never-weeviled trees necessary for evaluating and scheduling white-pine weevil control is described. The optimum number of trees to observe per plot is estimated from data obtained from sample plantations in the Northeast and a table is given. Of sample size required to achieve a standard error of...

Westinghouse Hanford Company health and safety performance report. Fourth quarter calendar year 1994

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lansing, K.A.

1995-03-01

Detailed information pertaining to As Low As Reasonably Achievable/Contamination Control Improvement Project (ALARA/CCIP) activities are outlined. Improved commitment to the WHC ALARA/CCIP Program was experienced throughout FY 1994. During CY 1994, 17 of 19 sitewide ALARA performance goals were completed on or ahead of schedule. Estimated total exposure by facility for CY 1994 is listed in tables by organization code for each dosimeter frequency. Facilities/areas continue to utilize the capabilities of the RPR tracking system in conjunction with the present site management action-tracking system to manage deficiencies, trend performance, and develop improved preventive efforts. Detailed information pertaining to occupational injuries/illnessesmore » are provided. The Industrial Safety and Hygiene programs are described which have generated several key initiatives that are believed responsible for improved safety performance. A breakdown of CY 1994 occupational injuries/illnesses by type, affected body group, cause, job type, age/gender, and facility is provided. The contributing experience of each WHC division/department in attaining this significant improvement is described along with tables charting specific trends. The Radiological Control Program is on schedule to meet all RL Site Management System milestones and program commitments.« less

STUDIES ON THE PATHOGENESIS OF FEVER

PubMed Central

Atkins, Elisha; Wood, W. Barry

1955-01-01

Further studies have been made of a pyrogenic substance which appears in the circulation of rabbits during the course of experimental fever induced by injection of typhoid vaccine. With the use of a passive transfer method and pyrogen-tolerant recipients, the biological properties of this substance have been differentiated from those of the uncleared vaccine in the circulation. The newly identified factor resembles leucocytic pyrogen in the rapidity with which it produces fever and in its failure to exhibit cross-tolerance with bacterial pyrogen. This striking similarity of properties suggests that the circulating factor is of endogenous origin and may arise from cell injury. A close correlation between its presence in the circulation and the existence of fever has been demonstrated. The possible relationship of these findings to the pathogenesis of fever is evident. PMID:13271667

The epidemiology of sports injury during the 37th Thailand National Games 2008 in Phitsanulok.

PubMed

Laoruengthana, Artit; Poosamsai, Paisan; Fangsanau, Tharinee; Supanpaiboon, Pattrawan; Tungkasamesamran, Kasame

2009-12-01

Prevention of injury among athletes is of paramount importance for sport events. The incidence of injury differs depending on many factors, such as level of competition, type of sport, and standard of surveillance systems. It is our purpose to provide a descriptive epidemiology of a national level competition multi-sports event. During the 2008 Thailand National "Phitsanulok" Games, official medical teams of the various sports completed a report form after each match or competition. The demographic data, type of sport, details of injury or illness, diagnosis, and treatment were collected from the PLKGames 2008 program and analyzed by the Medical Surveillance Committee. There were 14,429 athletes and staff participating in the "Phitsanulok" games. A total of 496 injuries were reported during the competition, of which 300 male and 196 female athletes sustained injuries, resulting in an incidence rate of 4.1 injuries per 100 registered athletes. For all sports, 71, 50 and 38 injuries occurred during Rugby, Handball and Basketball, respectively, which accounted for 32% of all injuries. No injury was reported from many sports, such as table tennis, shooting, dancing, and golf The most common diagnoses were sprains and strains. About half of injuries were caused by contact with another athlete, followed by noncontact (28.6%) and limited-contact incidences (27.6%). According to the number of athletes, the risk of incurring an injury was highest in Pencak Silat, handball, basketball, and rugby football. About half of injuries affected lower extremities, while 135, 53, and 49 injuries involved upper extremity, head & neck, and axial body parts, respectively. The knee and ankle were the most common sites of injury. The data demonstrates a potential risk of injury occurring predominately in full-contact sports and limited-contact sports. The data is potentially useful in developing injury surveillance systems for future sporting events.

Design of an Active Bumper with a Series Elastic Actuator for Pedestrian Protection of Small Unmanned Vehicles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Terumasa, Narukawa; Tomoki, Tsuge; Hiroshi, Yamamoto; Takahiro, Suzuki

2016-09-01

When autonomous unmanned vehicles are operated on sidewalks, the vehicles must have high safety standards such as avoiding injury when they come in contact with pedestrians. In this study, we established a design for preventing serious injury when such collisions occur. We designed an active bumper with a series elastic actuator, with the goal of avoiding serious injury to a pedestrian in a collision with a small unmanned vehicle. The series elastic actuator comprised an elastic element in series with a table driven by a ball screw and servo motor. The active bumper was used to control the contact force between a vehicle and a pedestrian. The optimal force for minimizing the deflection of the object of the collision was derived, and the actuator controlled to apply this optimal force. Numerical simulations showed that the active bumper was successful in improving the collision safety of small unmanned vehicles.

Epidemiologic surveillance. Annual report for Idaho National Engineering Laboratory 1994

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

1994-12-31

Epidemiologic surveillance at DOE facilities consists of regular and systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of data on absences due to illness and injury in the work force. Its purpose is to provide an early warning system for health problems occurring among employees at participating sites. In this annual report, the 1994 morbidity data for the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory are summarized. These analyses focus on absences of 5 or more consecutive workdays occurring among workers aged 17-85 years. They are arranged in five sets of tables that present: (1) the distribution of the labor force by occupational category and paymore » status; (2) the absences per person, diagnoses per absence, and diagnosis rates for the whole work force; (3) diagnosis rates by type of disease or injury; (4) diagnosis rates by occupational category; and (5) relative risks for specific types of disease or injury by occupational category.« less

Epidemiologic surveillance. Annual report for Sandia National Laboratories 1994

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

1994-12-31

Epidemiologic surveillance at DOE facilities consists of regular and systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of data on absences due to illness and injury in the work force. Its purpose is to provide an early warning system for health problems occurring among employees at participating sites. In this annual report, 1994 morbidity data for the Sandia National Laboratories are summarized. These analyses focus on absences of 5 or more consecutive workdays occurring among workers aged 15-76 years. They are arranged in five sets of tables that present: (1) the distribution of the labor force by occupational category and pay status; (2)more » the absences per person, diagnoses per absence, and diagnosis rates for the whole work force; (3) diagnosis rates by type of disease or injury; (4) diagnosis rates by occupational category; and (5) relative risks for specific types of disease or injury by occupational category.« less

Epidemiologic surveillance. Annual report for Savannah River Site

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

1997-09-01

Epidemiologic surveillance at US Department of Energy (DOE) facilities consists of regular and systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of data on absences due to illness and injury in the work force. Its purpose is to provide an early warning system for health problems occurring among employees at participating sites. In this annual report, the 1994 morbidity data for the Savannah River Site (SRS) are summarized. These analyses focus on absences of 5 or more consecutive workdays occurring among workers aged 16-75 years. They are arranged in five sets of tables that present: (1) the distribution of the labor force bymore » occupational category and salary status; (2) the absences per person, diagnoses per absences, and diagnosis rates for the whole work force; (3) diagnosis rates by type of disease or injury; (4) diagnosis rates by occupational category; and (5) relative risks for specific types of disease or injury by occupational category.« less

Antigen-specific immature dendritic cell vaccine ameliorates anti-dsDNA antibody-induced renal damage in a mouse model.

PubMed

Xia, Yumin; Jiang, Shan; Weng, Shenhong; Lv, Xiaochun; Cheng, Hong; Fang, Chunhong

2011-12-01

Dendritic cells (DCs) can inhibit immune response by clonal anergy when immature. Recent studies have shown that immature DCs (iDCs) may serve as a live cell vaccine after specific antigen pulse based on its potential of blocking antibody production. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of nuclear antigen-pulsed iDCs in the treatment of lupus-like renal damages induced by anti-dsDNA antibodies. iDCs were generated from haemopoietic stem cells in bone marrow and then pulsed in vitro with nuclear antigen. The iDC vaccine and corresponding controls were injected into mice with lupus-like renal damages. The evaluation of disease was monitored by biochemical parameters and histological scores. Anti-dsDNA antibody isotypes and T-lymphocyte-produced cytokines were analysed for elucidating therapeutic mechanisms. RESULTS; The mice treated with antigen-pulsed iDCs had a sustained remission of renal damage compared with those injected with non-pulsed iDCs or other controls, including decreased anti-dsDNA antibody level, less proteinuria, lower blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine values, and improved histological evaluation. Analysis on isotypes of anti-dsDNA antibody showed that iDC vaccine preferentially inhibited the production of IgG3, IgG2b and IgG2a. Furthermore, administration of antigen-treated iDCs to mice resulted in significantly reduced IL-2, IL-4 and IL-12 and IFN-γ produced by T-memory cells. Conversely, the vaccination of antigen-pulsed mature DCs led to increased anti-dsDNA antibody production and an aggravation of lupus-like disease in the model. CONCLUSIONS; These results suggested the high potency of iDC vaccine in preventing lupus-like renal injuries induced by pathogenic autoantibodies.

AORN Ergonomic Tool 6: lifting and carrying supplies and equipment in the perioperative setting.

PubMed

Waters, Thomas; Baptiste, Andrea; Short, Manon; Plante-Mallon, Lori; Nelson, Audrey

2011-08-01

Perioperative team members often are required to lift and carry heavy supplies and equipment into and around the OR; this includes lifting equipment such as hand tables, fluoroscopy boards, stirrups, Wilson frames, irrigation containers for lithotripsy, and heavy instrument pans. Lifting heavy objects creates considerable risk for musculoskeletal injuries to the back and shoulders. AORN Ergonomic Tool 6: Lifting and Carrying Supplies and Equipment in the Perioperative Setting can help caregivers evaluate lifting and carrying tasks and take measures to protect themselves from injury. Caregivers can use the revised National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health lifting equation to assess whether a specific lifting task can be performed safely. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Hyperostosis Frontalis Interna in a Child With Severe Traumatic Brain Injury

PubMed Central

Wang, Xin; Li, Yan

2017-01-01

Hyperostosis frontalis interna is an unexplained irregular thickening of the inner table of the frontal bone. Hyperostosis frontalis interna was first identified in 1719 by Morgagni as a symptom of a more generalized syndrome characterized by virilism and obesity. Most current studies have shown hyperostosis frontalis interna to be a sex- and age-dependent phenomenon, and females manifest a significantly higher prevalence of hyperostosis frontalis interna than males. In this article, the authors report the clinical case of hyperostosis frontalis interna in a 7-year-old child who had severe traumatic brain injury in the past; review the related literature; and discuss the clinical, radiological, and therapeutic features of this condition. PMID:28503629

Utilization, Health and Performance of Enlisted Navy Women.

DTIC Science & Technology

1978-02-01

women, the highest rates were evi- denced for abortions, infectious mononucleosis (not included in the table), symptoms referable to the abdomen and...women’s hospitalization rates for specific non- infectious disorders, the highest rates during the past few years were noted for abortions, deliveries...supports other researchers, findings in that younger people have more injuries, accidents, infectious diseases, and adjustment problems than others

National Health Objectives for the Year 2000: The Demographic Impact of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stoto, Michael A.; Durch, Jane S.

1991-01-01

Demographic impacts of meeting the National Health Objectives for 2000 were studied using life-table methods. Meeting the targets would increase life expectancy at birth by 1.5-2.1 years to 76.6-77.2 years. Modifying the coronary heart disease and unintentional injury targets to be more optimistic would further increase life expectancy. (SLD)

Closed-Loop Control of Fluid Therapy for Treatment of Hypovolemia

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-04-01

index) (Table 2). Invasive bladder catheterization and blood sampling add the use of urinary output, lactate, central venous oxygen saturation, he...for guiding burn resuscitation Time delay, renal failure, and drugs complicate interpretation Central venous oxygenation ScvO2 Global perfusion index... Central venous pressure (CVP) Sensitive to volume change Pre-injury baseline values vary Arterial pressure by transducer Real-time continuous

Guidelines for the Prevention of Infections Associated With Combat-Related Injuries: 2011 Update

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-08-01

of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services , Directorate for Information Operations and...Infectious Disease Service (MCHE-MDI),3851 Roger Brooke Drive,Fort Sam Houston,TX,78234 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING...Guidelines TABLE 1. GRADE* Systematic Weighting of the Quality of Evidence and Grading of Recommendations Strength of Recommendation and Quality of

A nationwide population-based study on incidence and cost of non-fatal injuries in Iran.

PubMed

Hafezi-Nejad, Nima; Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin; Motevalian, Abbas; Amin-Esmaeili, Masoumeh; Sharifi, Vandad; Hajebi, Ahmad; Radgoodarzi, Reza; Hefazi, Mitra; Eslami, Vahid; Saadat, Soheil; Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa

2014-10-01

Elucidating the epidemiological status of injuries is a critical component of preventive strategies in countries with high incidence of injuries, like Iran. Population-based surveys are able to estimate all types of non-fatal injuries. This study protocol is the core unit in describing Iran's national cost and epidemiology of non-fatal injuries, and also as a guide for other studies. In a cross-sectional study, 1525 primary sampling units are randomly selected with probability proportional to size regarding the number of households in each enumeration area based on Iran's 2006 national census. Six of the households are randomly selected. One member of each household is chosen using Kish Grid tables. In all, 9150 subjects are selected. Data on demographics are collected. For each injury during the past three months, activity, place, mechanism, site, type and the place of treatment are coded to match the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision 2012 (ICD10-2012) classifications. Subjects are contacted via telephone to obtain data on cost of injury. Finally, sampling weights are calculated so that data for each respondent can be inflated to represent other individuals in Iran. Quality control and quality assurance issues are discussed. Our objectives will describe the present impact and the future priorities of injury prevention in Iran. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.

OAE: The Ontology of Adverse Events.

PubMed

He, Yongqun; Sarntivijai, Sirarat; Lin, Yu; Xiang, Zuoshuang; Guo, Abra; Zhang, Shelley; Jagannathan, Desikan; Toldo, Luca; Tao, Cui; Smith, Barry

2014-01-01

A medical intervention is a medical procedure or application intended to relieve or prevent illness or injury. Examples of medical interventions include vaccination and drug administration. After a medical intervention, adverse events (AEs) may occur which lie outside the intended consequences of the intervention. The representation and analysis of AEs are critical to the improvement of public health. The Ontology of Adverse Events (OAE), previously named Adverse Event Ontology (AEO), is a community-driven ontology developed to standardize and integrate data relating to AEs arising subsequent to medical interventions, as well as to support computer-assisted reasoning. OAE has over 3,000 terms with unique identifiers, including terms imported from existing ontologies and more than 1,800 OAE-specific terms. In OAE, the term 'adverse event' denotes a pathological bodily process in a patient that occurs after a medical intervention. Causal adverse events are defined by OAE as those events that are causal consequences of a medical intervention. OAE represents various adverse events based on patient anatomic regions and clinical outcomes, including symptoms, signs, and abnormal processes. OAE has been used in the analysis of several different sorts of vaccine and drug adverse event data. For example, using the data extracted from the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), OAE was used to analyse vaccine adverse events associated with the administrations of different types of influenza vaccines. OAE has also been used to represent and classify the vaccine adverse events cited in package inserts of FDA-licensed human vaccines in the USA. OAE is a biomedical ontology that logically defines and classifies various adverse events occurring after medical interventions. OAE has successfully been applied in several adverse event studies. The OAE ontological framework provides a platform for systematic representation and analysis of adverse events and of the factors (e.g., vaccinee age) important for determining their clinical outcomes.

Epidemiology of National Collegiate Athletic Association Women's Gymnastics Injuries, 2009-2010 Through 2013-2014.

PubMed

Kerr, Zachary Y; Hayden, Ross; Barr, Megan; Klossner, David A; Dompier, Thomas P

2015-08-01

Recent injury-surveillance data for collegiate-level women's gymnastics are limited. In addition, researchers have not captured non-time-loss injuries (ie, injuries resulting in restriction of participation <1 day). To describe the epidemiology of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) women's gymnastics injuries during the 2009-2010 through 2013-2014 academic years. Descriptive epidemiology study. Aggregate injury and exposure data collected from 11 women's gymnastics programs providing 28 seasons of data. Collegiate student-athletes participating in women's gymnastics during the 2009-2010 through 2013-2014 academic years. Women's gymnastics data from the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program (ISP) during the 2009-2010 through 2013-2014 academic years were analyzed. Injury rates; injury rate ratios; injury proportions by body site, diagnosis, and apparatus; and injury proportion ratios were reported with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The ISP captured 418 women's gymnastics injuries, a rate of 9.22/1000 athlete-exposures (AEs; 95% CI = 8.33, 10.10). The competition injury rate (14.49/1000 AEs) was 1.67 times the practice injury rate (8.69/1000 AEs; 95% CI = 1.27, 2.19). When considering time-loss injuries only, the injury rate during this study period (3.62/1000 AEs) was lower than rates reported in earlier NCAA ISP surveillance data. Commonly injured body sites were the ankle (17.9%, n = 75), lower leg/Achilles tendon (13.6%, n = 57), trunk (13.4%, n = 56), and foot (12.4%, n = 52). Common diagnoses were ligament sprain (20.3%, n = 85) and muscle/tendon strain (18.7%, n = 78). Overall, 12.4% (n = 52) of injuries resulted in time loss of more than 3 weeks. Of the 291 injuries reported while a student-athlete used an apparatus (69.6%), most occurred during the floor exercise (41.9%, n = 122) and on the uneven bars (28.2%, n = 82). We observed a lower time-loss injury rate for women's gymnastics than shown in earlier NCAA ISP surveillance data. Safety initiatives in women's gymnastics, such as "sting mats," padded equipment, and a redesigned vault table, may have contributed to minimizing the frequency and severity of injury.

Sensitivity and symptomology of marigold cultivars exposed to acute sulfur dioxide

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Howe, T.K.; Woltz, S.S.

Thirty-nine cultivars of marigold (Tagetes spp.) were exposed to sulfur dioxide to determine their relative sensitivity. Flowering plants were fumigated at 1 ppM SO/sub 2/ for 4 hours or at 2 ppM SO/sub 2/ for 2 hours. The average foliar injury for all leaves on individual plants ranged from 42.3% for 'Crackerjack Mix' at 2 ppM SO/sub 2/ to 0.0% for 'Cupid Yellow' at 1 ppM SO/sub 2/. Foliar necrosis appeared as a gray to white marginal and/or interveinal scorch 1 day after exposure. There was a tendency for interveinal necrosis to be near the midvein. The extra-floral nectaries whichmore » line the leaf margins of marigold were scorched in 15 of the 39 cultivars. This injury may be of diagnostic value. Sepals were very sensitive to SO/sub 2/. Sepal injury appeared as a pinpoint scorch and as tip burn, and was apparent in some cultivars when no foliar injury occurred. 12 references, 1 figure, 1 table.« less

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronaviruses with Mutations in the E Protein Are Attenuated and Promising Vaccine Candidates

PubMed Central

Regla-Nava, Jose A.; Nieto-Torres, Jose L.; Jimenez-Guardeño, Jose M.; Fernandez-Delgado, Raul; Fett, Craig; Castaño-Rodríguez, Carlos; Perlman, Stanley; DeDiego, Marta L.

2015-01-01

ABSTRACT Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) causes a respiratory disease with a mortality rate of 10%. A mouse-adapted SARS-CoV (SARS-CoV-MA15) lacking the envelope (E) protein (rSARS-CoV-MA15-ΔE) is attenuated in vivo. To identify E protein regions and host responses that contribute to rSARS-CoV-MA15-ΔE attenuation, several mutants (rSARS-CoV-MA15-E*) containing point mutations or deletions in the amino-terminal or the carboxy-terminal regions of the E protein were generated. Amino acid substitutions in the amino terminus, or deletion of regions in the internal carboxy-terminal region of E protein, led to virus attenuation. Attenuated viruses induced minimal lung injury, diminished limited neutrophil influx, and increased CD4+ and CD8+ T cell counts in the lungs of BALB/c mice, compared to mice infected with the wild-type virus. To analyze the host responses leading to rSARS-CoV-MA15-E* attenuation, differences in gene expression elicited by the native and mutant viruses in the lungs of infected mice were determined. Expression levels of a large number of proinflammatory cytokines associated with lung injury were reduced in the lungs of rSARS-CoV-MA15-E*-infected mice, whereas the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines were increased, both at the mRNA and protein levels. These results suggested that the reduction in lung inflammation together with a more robust antiviral T cell response contributed to rSARS-CoV-MA15-E* attenuation. The attenuated viruses completely protected mice against challenge with the lethal parental virus, indicating that these viruses are promising vaccine candidates. IMPORTANCE Human coronaviruses are important zoonotic pathogens. SARS-CoV caused a worldwide epidemic infecting more than 8,000 people with a mortality of around 10%. Therefore, understanding the virulence mechanisms of this pathogen and developing efficacious vaccines are of high importance to prevent epidemics from this and other human coronaviruses. Previously, we demonstrated that a SARS-CoV lacking the E protein was attenuated in vivo. Here, we show that small deletions and modifications within the E protein led to virus attenuation, manifested by minimal lung injury, limited neutrophil influx to the lungs, reduced expression of proinflammatory cytokines, increased anti-inflammatory cytokine levels, and enhanced CD4+ and CD8+ T cell counts in vivo, suggesting that these phenomena contribute to virus attenuation. The attenuated mutants fully protected mice from challenge with virulent virus. These studies show that mutations in the E protein are not well tolerated and indicate that this protein is an excellent target for vaccine development. PMID:25609816

Scapular resting position, shoulder pain and function in disabled athletes.

PubMed

Aytar, Aydan; Zeybek, Aslican; Pekyavas, Nihan Ozunlu; Tigli, Ayca Aytar; Ergun, Nevin

2015-10-01

Despite the fact that the number of disabled individuals participating in sports is increasing, there are only sparse reports in the literature concerning overuse injuries. The purpose of this study was to compare scapular resting position, shoulder pain, and function in wheelchair basketball, amputee soccer, and disabled table tennis players. Descriptive study. A total of 63 disabled players from amputee soccer, wheelchair basketball, and disabled table tennis participated in our study. Scapular resting position was taken as primary outcome; pain and function were taken as secondary outcome measurements. Scapular resting position was evaluated with Lateral Scapular Slide Test. Visual Analog Scale was used for evaluating shoulder pain intensity. Quick disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand questionnaire were used to assess upper extremity function. There was a significant difference in shoulder pain, function, and scapular resting position in all groups (p < 0.05). Paired comparisons between amputee soccer and wheelchair basketball players and also amputee soccer and disabled table tennis showed difference for all measurement parameters (p < 0.05). When the results are evaluated, it may be stated that amputee soccer players have better scapular resting position than other sports. Crutch usage may not negatively affect scapular resting position and perceived function as much as wheelchair usage. Exercise techniques for shoulder and resting position could be included in training programs of disabled athletes. Wheelchair/crutch usage is a risk, and special exercise techniques for shoulder and dyskinesis could be included in training programs to prevent injury. However, it may not just be important for wheelchair athletes, it may also be important for amputee soccer players. In particular, total upper extremity evaluations and exercises could be added within exercise programs. © The International Society for Prosthetics and Orthotics 2014.

[Risk management in the operating room in cardiovascular and thoracic surgery; from the nursing point of view].

PubMed

Nakano, Yaemi

2008-08-01

The primary risk management, on the side of a nurse, in the operating room includes prevention of misidentificatin of both the patient and the site of operation. Leaving of a foreign body in the patient, falling of the patient from the operating table, incidence of deep venous thrombosis and mismatch of blood transfusion should also be prevented with utmost care. The long operating time in cardiovascular surgery and the lateral position of the patient on the operating table in chest or esophageal surgery require additional risk management. Risks of pressure sore as well as nervous injury can be prevented by fixing the patient securely with soft pads to maintain comfortable posture. Above all, careful watching of the patient's condition is most important.

Overuse Injury Assessment Model

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-06-01

initial physical fitness level foot type lower extremity alignment altered gait pretest anthropometry diet and nutrition genetics endocrine status and...using published anthropometry values. Assuming that these forces are the primary loads that cause the tibia to undergo shear and bending, the maximal...both the model and in vivo results suggest that the ratio of walking to running bone stress is 0.54. Table 3-3 Estimated walk/march and run tensile

Telerehabilitation for OIF/OEF Returnees with Combat-Related Traumatic Brain Injury

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-06-01

problem do I have in controlling my laughter ? 66 3.8+-0.9 50 4.1+-1 45 3.8+-1.1 ~ 25 ~ Table 3b: Patient Competency Rating Scale Pre and Post...12 45 2.8 1 Satterthwaite Unequal -0.188 87.9 0.85137 How much of a problem do I have in controlling my laughter ? 0 66 3.8 0.9 Pooled Equal

Outcomes of Internal Fixation in a Combat Environment

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-01-01

analyzed. Forty-seven patients had internal fixation performed on 50 fractures in a combat theater hospital. Hip, forearm, and ankle fractures made up the...limited number of fracture patterns associated with a significant risk of failure if definitive treatment is delayed (4). Because of the limited...Injuries Hip, forearm, and ankle fractures made up the majority of internal fixation cases with 14 (28%), 14 (28%), and 10 TABLE 1 Mechanism of

Effect of infection control strategy on knowledge, attitude and practice towards hepatitis B transmission and prevention in vulnerable populations.

PubMed

Al-Tawil, M M; El-Gohary, E E; El-Sayed, M H

2013-01-01

Health care workers (HCWs) and hematological patients needing blood/ blood product transfusion are particularly vulnerable to blood born infections (BBI) including viral hepatitis. To evaluate knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of these target groups regarding viral hepatitis B (HBV) transmission and its change with implementing infection control policy and procedures. An anonymous questionnaire with closed questions was used to evaluate KAP including vaccination status in 2 target groups, in Children Hospital, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt: 184 nurses and 210 children and adolescents with blood diseases. One year after instituting infection control as a part of hospital procedures, the same questionnaire was reused to evaluate KAP towards HBV. Baseline knowledge regarding HBV transmission, sequelae and preventive measures, was poor in both groups. Among nurses, only 62% wore gloves on withdrawing or giving blood to patients, 43.5% routinely washed hands between patients and 37.5% reported exposure after sharp injury. Only 38% of patients and 40% of nurses received HBV vaccination. Targeted infection control policy and procedures significantly improved KAP regarding HBV in both groups. Vaccination coverage significantly increased and reached 88.7% for nurses and 72% for patients. Hospital based infection control units with established policy and procedures against BBI significantly improved KAP towards HBV including a significant increase in vaccination intake.

Glucosylceramide Administration as a Vaccination Strategy in Mouse Models of Cryptococcosis.

PubMed

Mor, Visesato; Farnoud, Amir M; Singh, Ashutosh; Rella, Antonella; Tanno, Hiromasa; Ishii, Keiko; Kawakami, Kazuyoshi; Sato, Toshiya; Del Poeta, Maurizio

2016-01-01

Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen and the causative agent of the disease cryptococcosis. Cryptococcosis is initiated as a pulmonary infection and in conditions of immune deficiency disseminates to the blood stream and central nervous system, resulting in life-threatening meningoencephalitis. A number of studies have focused on the development of a vaccine against Cryptococcus, primarily utilizing protein-conjugated components of the Cryptococcus polysaccharide capsule as antigen. However, there is currently no vaccine against Cryptococcus in the clinic. Previous studies have shown that the glycosphingolipid, glucosylceramide (GlcCer), is a virulence factor in C. neoformans and antibodies against this lipid inhibit fungal growth and cell division. In the present study, we have investigated the possibility of using GlcCer as a therapeutic agent against C. neoformans infections in mouse models of cryptococcosis. GlcCer purified from a non-pathogenic fungus, Candida utilis, was administered intraperitoneally, prior to infecting mice with a lethal dose of C. neoformans. GlcCer administration prevented the dissemination of C. neoformans from the lungs to the brain and led to 60% mouse survival. GlcCer administration did not cause hepatic injury and elicited an anti-GlcCer antibody response, which was observed independent of the route of administration and the strains of mouse. Taken together, our results suggest that fungal GlcCer can protect mice against lethal doses of C. neoformans infection and can provide a viable vaccination strategy against Cryptococcus.

Gateways to clinical trials.

PubMed

Bayes, M; Rabasseda, X; Prous, J R

2006-03-01

Gateways to Clinical Trials are a guide to the most recent clinical trials in current literature and congresses. The data in the following tables have been retrieved from the Clinical Trials Knowledge Area of Prous Science Integrity, the drug discovery and development portal, http://integrity.prous.com. This issue focuses on the following selection of drugs: 131I-labetuzumab; Abacavir sulfate, abatacept, adalimumab, ademetionine, adjuvanted influenza vaccine, alefacept, alemtuzumab, amlodipine, amphotericin B, anakinra, aripiprazole, aspirin, axitinib; Betamethasone dipropionate, bevacizumab, biphasic insulin aspart, bortezomib, bosentan, botulinum toxin type B, BQ-123; Calcium folinate, canertinib dihydrochloride, carboplatin, carmustine, cetirizine hydrochloride, cetuximab, cholecalciferol, ciclesonide, ciclosporin, cinacalcet hydrochloride, cisplatin, clarithromycin, clofazimine, cold-adapted influenza vaccine trivalent, CpG-7909; Darbepoetin alfa, darifenacin hydrobromide, DB-289, desloratadine, Dexamet, dicycloverine hydrochloride, dimethyl fumarate, docetaxel, dolastatin 10, drospirenone, drospirenone/estradiol, duloxetine hydrochloride; Ecogramostim, edotecarin, efaproxiral sodium, enalapril maleate, epoetin beta, epoprostenol sodium, epratuzumab, erlotinib hydrochloride, escitalopram oxalate, estradiol, etanercept; Fluconazole, fludarabine phosphate, fluorouracil; Gefitinib, gemcitabine, Ghrelin (human), glibenclamide, glimepiride, GTI-2040; Haloperidol, human insulin, hydrocortisone probutate; Imatinib mesylate, indisulam, influenza vaccine, inhaled insulin, insulin aspart, insulin glulisine, insulin lispro, irinotecan, ispronicline; Lamivudine, lamivudine/zidovudine/abacavir sulfate, lapatinib, letrozole, levocetirizine, lomustine, lonafarnib, lumiracoxib;Magnesium sulfate, MD-1100, melphalan, metformin hydrochloride, methotrexate, metoclopramide hydrochloride, mitiglinide calcium hydrate, monophosphoryl lipid A, montelukast sodium, motexafin gadolinium, mycophenolate mofetil, mycophenolic acid sodium salt; Nitisinone; Omalizumab, omapatrilat, ONYX-015, oxaliplatin; Paclitaxel, paclitaxel nanoparticles, panitumumab, parathyroid hormone (human recombinant), peginterferon alfa-2a, peginterferon alfa-2b, peginterferon alfa-2b/ribavirin, pertuzumab, phosphatidylcholine-rich phospholipid mixture, pimecrolimus, pioglitazone hydrochloride, pramlintide acetate, prasterone; QR-333; Ranelic acid distrontium salt, ranolazine, rasagiline mesilate, RFB4(dsFv)-PE38, ribavirin, rifabutin, risperidone, rituximab, rofecoxib, rosiglitazone maleate, rosiglitazone maleate/metformin hydrochloride, rotavirus vaccine; S-236, salmeterol xinafoate, sarizotan hydrochloride, sildenafil, sildenafil citrate, sunitinib malate; Tadalafil, tegaserod maleate, temozolomide, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, teriparatide, tiotropium bromide, tipifarnib, trabectedin, treprostinil sodium; Vandetanib, vardenafil hydrochloride hydrate, vatalanib succinate, vinflunine, virosome influenza vaccine, voriconazole; Zidovudine. (c) 2006 Prous Science. All rights reserved.

Understanding how different recruitment strategies impact parent engagement with an iPad-based intervention to provide personalized information about adolescent vaccines.

PubMed

Dempsey, Amanda F; Maertens, Julie; Beaty, Brenda L; O'Leary, Sean T

2015-05-01

Inadequate provider time for addressing parents' questions and concerns about adolescent vaccines is a barrier to vaccine utilization. We sought to determine how different recruitment strategies impact the degree of engagement with an intervention that provided this information via an iPad placed in a clinical setting. We provided to three pediatric practices in the Denver area the "Teen VaxScene" web site that generates individually customized information for parents about adolescent vaccines. Three recruitment strategies were assessed for their impact on parental use of the intervention as follows: passive recruitment using posters to advertise a "kiosk" version of the intervention; posters plus a $10 incentive for using the kiosk; and posters plus a $10 incentive plus decoupling the iPad from the kiosks to enable "roving." We assessed the engagement with the intervention at multiple levels including log in, consent, and completion of a baseline survey and viewing individually tailored web pages. Surveys were used to assess barriers to using the intervention. During the 14-month study period, 693 people had contact with the iPad, 199 consented, and 48 completed the survey to enable creation of tailored content; and 42 used the tailored site. Five times as many parents (n = 40) consented to participation during the 2 months when the intervention was "roving" than during the 10-month "passive" recruitment period. Engagement with the tailored material was low, with most users viewing only the "table of contents" pages. Utilizers and nonutilizers of the intervention had similar demographic characteristics. Enabling the iPad to "rove" in the clinic greatly increased the proportion of parents consenting to use the intervention. However, meaningful engagement with the material was low. Further research is needed to understand the most effective and time efficient ways to provide vaccine-related educational information to parents of adolescents. Copyright © 2015 Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Combining tabular, rule-based, and procedural knowledge in computer-based guidelines for childhood immunization.

PubMed

Miller, P L; Frawley, S J; Sayward, F G; Yasnoff, W A; Duncan, L; Fleming, D W

1997-06-01

IMM/Serve is a computer program which implements the clinical guidelines for childhood immunization. IMM/Serve accepts as input a child's immunization history. It then indicates which vaccinations are due and which vaccinations should be scheduled next. The clinical guidelines for immunization are quite complex and are modified quite frequently. As a result, it is important that IMM/Serve's knowledge be represented in a format that facilitates the maintenance of that knowledge as the field evolves over time. To achieve this goal, IMM/Serve uses four representations for different parts of its knowledge base: (1) Immunization forecasting parameters that specify the minimum ages and wait-intervals for each dose are stored in tabular form. (2) The clinical logic that determines which set of forecasting parameters applies for a particular patient in each vaccine series is represented using if-then rules. (3) The temporal logic that combines dates, ages, and intervals to calculate recommended dates, is expressed procedurally. (4) The screening logic that checks each previous dose for validity is performed using a decision table that combines minimum ages and wait intervals with a small amount of clinical logic. A knowledge maintenance tool, IMM/Def, has been developed to help maintain the rule-based logic. The paper describes the design of IMM/Serve and the rationale and role of the different forms of knowledge used.

Dosimetric and clinical predictors for radiation-induced esophageal injury.

PubMed

Ahn, Sung-Ja; Kahn, Daniel; Zhou, Sumin; Yu, Xiaoli; Hollis, Donna; Shafman, Timothy D; Marks, Lawrence B

2005-02-01

To evaluate the clinical and three-dimensional dosimetric parameters associated with esophageal injury after radiotherapy (RT) for non-small-cell lung cancer. The records of 254 patients treated for non-small-cell lung cancer between 1992 and 2001 were reviewed. A variety of metrics describing the esophageal dose were extracted. The Radiation Therapy Oncology Group toxicity criteria for grading of esophageal injury were used. The median follow-up time for all patients was 43 months (range, 0.5-120 months). Logistic regression analysis, contingency table analyses, and Fisher's exact tests were used for statistical analysis. Acute toxicity occurred in 199 (78%) of 254 patients. For acute toxicity of Grade 2 or worse, twice-daily RT, age, nodal stage of N2 or worse, and most dosimetric parameters were predictive. Late toxicity occurred in 17 (7%) of 238 patients. The median and maximal time to the onset of late toxicity was 5 and 40 months after RT, respectively. Late toxicity occurred in 2%, 3%, 17%, 26%, and 100% of patients with acute Grade 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 toxicity, respectively. For late toxicity, the severity of acute toxicity was most predictive. A variety of dosimetric parameters are predictive of acute and late esophageal injury. A strong correlation between the dosimetric parameters prevented a comparison between the predictive abilities of these metrics. The presence of acute injury was the most predictive factor for the development of late injury. Additional studies to define better the predictors of RT-induced esophageal injury are needed.

Implications of Functional Capacity Loss and Fatality for Vehicle Safety Prioritization.

PubMed

McMurry, Timothy L; Sherwood, Chris; Poplin, Gerald S; Seguí-Gómez, María; Crandall, Jeff

2015-01-01

We investigate the use of the Functional Capacity Index (FCI) as a tool for establishing vehicle safety priorities by comparing the life year burden of injuries to the burden of fatality in frontal and side automotive crashes. We demonstrate FCI's utility by investigating in detail the resulting disabling injuries and their life year costs. We selected occupants in the 2000-2013 NASS-CDS database involved in frontal and side crashes, merged their injuries with FCI, and then used the merged data to estimate each occupant's overall functional loss. Lifetime functional loss was assessed by combining this measure of impairment with the occupants' expected future life spans, estimated from the Social Security Administration's Actuarial Life Table. Frontal crashes produce a large number of disabling injuries, particularly to the lower extremities. In our population, these crashes are estimated to account for approximately 400,000 life years lost to disability in comparison with 500,000 life years lost to fatality. Victims of side crashes experienced a higher rate of fatality but a significantly lower rate of disabling injury (0.3 vs. 1.0%), resulting in approximately 370,000 life years lost to fatality versus 50,000 life years lost to disability. The burden of disabling injuries to car crash survivors should be considered when setting vehicle safety design priorities. In frontal crashes this burden in life years is similar to the burden attributable to fatality.

Pralidoxime and pesticide poisoning: A question of severity?

PubMed

Walton, Emma Louise

2016-12-01

In this issue of the Biomedical Journal, we highlight new data supporting the use of pralidoxime in the treatment of cases of organophosphate poisoning, which also suggest that WHO treatment guidelines should be updated. We also learn about a modified surgical technique to repair severe spinal injuries, as well as new insight into the structure of human adenovirus that could inform vaccine development. Copyright © 2016 Chang Gung University. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Training and Employment of Land Mine and Booby Trap Detector Dogs. Volume II

DTIC Science & Technology

1976-09-01

1Of injury, disease, and other physical abnormalities. All obligatory Li [1/ • ,i 4’: vaccinations should 1•e current ( canine distemper , infectious...as a procedures manual and reference text to be used during the training of initially naive canines v for land mine and booby trap detection service... canine L. training contexts. * • The techniques and procedures elaborated in the present docu- ment were developed for the United States Army Mobility

Retrospective: animal attacks and rabies exposures in Thai children.

PubMed

Sriaroon, Chakrapol; Sriaroon, Panida; Daviratanasilpa, Svastijaya; Khawplod, Pakamatz; Wilde, Henry

2006-09-01

Over 50% of animal bites and potential rabies exposures in Thailand are in children and they also have the more severe injuries due to inexperience, smaller size and less ability to fend off attacks. Potential rabies exposures and animal bites are common in Thailand. Majority of these are in children where the extent of the injuries is also much more severe. The bitten areas correlate to the age of the children and level of the bitten animal head. These are areas noted for a higher risk of infection with rabies virus and shorter incubation periods. The vast majority of bites are due to dogs (86%) of which 74.6% are stray or community-owned animals. The prevalence of dog bites shows no seasonal variation in adults but there are two peaks during school vacation period for children. Extensive educational efforts directed at the Thai public are responsible for the rapid presentation of victims for post-exposure treatment. The dramatic reduction of human rabies deaths in Thailand during the last decades was achieved largely by the provision of expensive WHO standard post-exposure treatment, utilizing modern tissue culture vaccines and immunoglobulins. Canine and feline rabies is nevertheless still endemic and not likely to be controlled or eliminated till sustainable humane methods of dog population control and comprehensive countrywide canine rabies vaccination become possible through government policy.

Comparison of the immediate effect of the training with a virtual reality game in stroke patients according side brain injury.

PubMed

Fernandes, Aline Braga Galvão Silveira; Passos, Jacilda Oliveira dos; Brito, Deyvson Paiva de; Campos, Tania Fernandes

2014-01-01

Stroke is a major cause of motor disability in adults and needs interventions that contribute to motor recovery. This study aimed to compare the immediate effect of the training with virtual reality game in stroke patients according side brain injury. The participants included 20 patients (10 right brain injury), mean age of 50.6 ± 9.2 years, and 20 healthy subjects of 50.9 ± 8.8 years. All participants made a kinematic evaluation of drinking a cup of water before and after training with the table tennis game of the XBOX 360 Kinect®, in two series of 10 tries of 45 s, with 15 minutes rest between them, a total of 30 minutes. Data were analyzed by ANOVA. There was a significant difference in the number of hits between patients and healthy subjects groups, in which patients had a lower performance in all the trials (p = 0.008). After the training, only patients with right brain injury improved their shoulder and elbow angles, approaching the left upper limb movement pattern of healthy subjects (p < 0.05). Patients with right brain injury responded better to the virtual reality game, suggesting introduction of new treatment techniques that promote neurorehabilitation.

Preseason Functional Movement Screen Component Tests Predict Severe Contact Injuries in Professional Rugby Union Players.

PubMed

Tee, Jason C; Klingbiel, Jannie F G; Collins, Robert; Lambert, Mike I; Coopoo, Yoga

2016-11-01

Tee, JC, Klingbiel, JFG, Collins, R, Lambert, MI, and Coopoo, Y. Preseason Functional Movement Screen component tests predict severe contact injuries in professional rugby union players. J Strength Cond Res 30(11): 3194-3203, 2016-Rugby union is a collision sport with a relatively high risk of injury. The ability of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) or its component tests to predict the occurrence of severe (≥28 days) injuries in professional players was assessed. Ninety FMS test observations from 62 players across 4 different time periods were compared with severe injuries sustained during 6 months after FMS testing. Mean composite FMS scores were significantly lower in players who sustained severe injury (injured 13.2 ± 1.5 vs. noninjured 14.5 ± 1.4, Effect Size = 0.83, large) because of differences in in-line lunge (ILL) and active straight leg raise scores (ASLR). Receiver-operated characteristic curves and 2 × 2 contingency tables were used to determine that ASLR (cut-off 2/3) was the injury predictor with the greatest sensitivity (0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.79-1.0). Adding the ILL in combination with ASLR (ILL + ASLR) improved the specificity of the injury prediction model (ASLR specificity = 0.29, 95% CI = 0.18-0.43 vs. ASLR + ILL specificity = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.39-0.66, p ≤ 0.05). Further analysis was performed to determine whether FMS tests could predict contact and noncontact injuries. The FMS composite score and various combinations of component tests (deep squat [DS] + ILL, ILL + ASLR, and DS + ILL + ASLR) were all significant predictors of contact injury. The FMS composite score also predicted noncontact injury, but no component test or combination thereof produced a similar result. These findings indicate that low scores on various FMS component tests are risk factors for injury in professional rugby players.

The Hydrodynamics of Needle-Free Intradermal Jet Injection

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Simmons, Jonathan; Marston, Jeremy; Fisher, Paul; Broderick, Kate

2017-11-01

Needle-free methods of drug delivery circumvent the drawbacks associated with the use of hypodermic needles such as needle-stick injuries, needle-phobia, cross contamination and disposal. Furthermore, pioneering DNA-based vaccines that aim to treat cancer and fight infectious diseases, such as HIV, Ebola and Zika, require precise deposition into the skin to target the immune response producing cells found only in the epidermis and dermis. Intradermal (ID) delivery can be achieved using a needle and the Mantoux technique but this requires a highly skilled technician and so extensive use of DNA vaccines calls for an alternative method of delivery. One option is jet injection which has been employed in mass vaccination programs for intramuscular or subcutaneous delivery and is used by some diabetic patients to inject insulin. In this talk I will present results from our ongoing ex-vivo experimental study into ID jet injection. Ultra-high-speed imaging is used to visualize the process of the jet exiting the nozzle and striking excised skin. A skin bleb grows as liquid is deposited within the skin. I will discuss how the control parameters, such as the rheological profile of the liquid and the stand-off distance, influence the volume of liquid successfully delivered intradermally.

Endovascular management of axillo-subclavian arterial injury: A review of published experience.

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-01-01

follow up, 10 patients (6.3%) were noted to have stent fracture (1), stenosis or occlusion (9) requiring repeat Table 1 (Continued ) Year Study No... stenosis of at least 50% luminal narrowing that required no additional intervention. Only one patient required delayed open surgical bypass, which...structures within this confined space. Extending from its origin (innominate artery on the right and aortic arch on the left), the first portion of the

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lamprecht, W.O. Jr.; Powell, R.D.

Coleus blumei Benth. Cv. 12th Man was fumigated with hydrogen fluoride gas. The treatment caused the development of lesions which originally involved the mesophyll but spread to and eventually included the epidermis. An anthocyanin, cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside acylated with p-coumaric acid, was destroyed and it was postulated that the flavanonol, dihydrokaempferol, was converted to the flavone, apigenin. The anthocyanin destruction and pigment conversion occurred following membrane injury and mixing of the cellular constituents. 17 references, 1 figure, 1 table.

Evaluation of Injuries among Command and General Staff College Students, Ft. Leavenworth, Kansas

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-11-30

ounces or 2 bottles 7 (4%) 60 ounces or 3 bottles 1 (1%) Table F-3. Dietary Supplement Use, CGSC Initial Survey Respondents (n=185) Question... Supplement /Reason N (%) Dietary Supplements Do not take 133 (58%) Vitamins/ Multivitamins 44 (19%) Performance/muscle enhancement 19 (8%) Healthy joint...15 (7%) Nutrition enhancement 9 (4%) Weight loss 9 (4%) Reasons for Taking Dietary Supplements (among those using supplements (n=96)) Promote

A Program for Clinical Care in Physical Trauma.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-08-01

of the leg. This model increases the release of skeletal muscle amino acids, fails to develop ketosis during starvation and injury/infection, and...develop ketosis following starvation during this stress. This model has great benefit to evaluate therapies that would reverse the marked catabolic...appears to be the lack of ketosis that occurs in the starved animals that are also infected (Table I). This response is also associated with a marked fall

The Mechanism of Blood Function and Production After Injury.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-02-01

radioactive 59Fe labeled red cell dilution method described by Garcia7 . Red cell 2,3 diphosphoglycerate levels were measured using a commercial kit...and protein depleted rats was also associated with elevated 2,3 diphosphoglycerate levels (p<.05)(Table IV) suggesting partial compensation for anemic...Brewer, G.J.: The relationship between red cell 2,3 diphosphoglycerate and levels of hemoglobin in the human. Proc.Soc. Exp.Biol.Med. 150(1): 215-9

Preventive Biomechanics: A Paradigm Shift With a Translational Approach to Injury Prevention.

PubMed

Hewett, Timothy E; Bates, Nathaniel A

2017-09-01

Preventive medicine techniques have alleviated billions of dollars' worth of the economic burden in the medical care system through the implementation of vaccinations and screenings before the onset of disease symptoms. Knowledge of biomechanical tendencies has progressed rapidly over the past 20 years such that clinicians can identify, in healthy athletes, the underlying mechanisms that lead to catastrophic injuries such as anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures. As such, preventive medicine concepts can be applied to noncontact musculoskeletal injuries to reduce the economic burden of sports medicine treatments and enhance the long-term health of athletes. To illustrate the practical medical benefits that could be gained from preventive biomechanics applied to the ACL as well as the need and feasibility for the broad implementation of these principles. Literature review. The recent literature pertinent to the screening and prevention of musculoskeletal injuries was reviewed and compiled into a clinical commentary on the current state and applicability of preventive biomechanics. Investigators have identified neuromuscular training protocols that screen for and correct the underlying biomechanical deficits that lead to ACL injuries. The literature shows that when athletes comply with these prescribed training protocols, the incidence of injuries is significantly reduced within that population. Such preventive biomechanics practices employ basic training methods that would be familiar to athletic coaches and have the potential to save billions of dollars in cost in sports medicine. The widespread implementation of preventive biomechanics concepts could profoundly affect the field of sports medicine with a minimum of initial investment.

Epidemiology of National Collegiate Athletic Association Women's Gymnastics Injuries, 2009–2010 Through 2013–2014

PubMed Central

Kerr, Zachary Y.; Hayden, Ross; Barr, Megan; Klossner, David A.; Dompier, Thomas P.

2015-01-01

Context Recent injury-surveillance data for collegiate-level women's gymnastics are limited. In addition, researchers have not captured non–time-loss injuries (ie, injuries resulting in restriction of participation <1 day). Objective To describe the epidemiology of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) women's gymnastics injuries during the 2009–2010 through 2013–2014 academic years. Design Descriptive epidemiology study. Setting Aggregate injury and exposure data collected from 11 women's gymnastics programs providing 28 seasons of data. Patients or Other Participants Collegiate student-athletes participating in women's gymnastics during the 2009–2010 through 2013–2014 academic years. Intervention(s) Women's gymnastics data from the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program (ISP) during the 2009–2010 through 2013–2014 academic years were analyzed. Main Outcome Measure(s) Injury rates; injury rate ratios; injury proportions by body site, diagnosis, and apparatus; and injury proportion ratios were reported with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results The ISP captured 418 women's gymnastics injuries, a rate of 9.22/1000 athlete-exposures (AEs; 95% CI = 8.33, 10.10). The competition injury rate (14.49/1000 AEs) was 1.67 times the practice injury rate (8.69/1000 AEs; 95% CI = 1.27, 2.19). When considering time-loss injuries only, the injury rate during this study period (3.62/1000 AEs) was lower than rates reported in earlier NCAA ISP surveillance data. Commonly injured body sites were the ankle (17.9%, n = 75), lower leg/Achilles tendon (13.6%, n = 57), trunk (13.4%, n = 56), and foot (12.4%, n = 52). Common diagnoses were ligament sprain (20.3%, n = 85) and muscle/tendon strain (18.7%, n = 78). Overall, 12.4% (n = 52) of injuries resulted in time loss of more than 3 weeks. Of the 291 injuries reported while a student-athlete used an apparatus (69.6%), most occurred during the floor exercise (41.9%, n = 122) and on the uneven bars (28.2%, n = 82). Conclusions We observed a lower time-loss injury rate for women's gymnastics than shown in earlier NCAA ISP surveillance data. Safety initiatives in women's gymnastics, such as “sting mats,” padded equipment, and a redesigned vault table, may have contributed to minimizing the frequency and severity of injury. PMID:26196702

Drinking Water to Prevent Postvaccination Presyncope in Adolescents: A Randomized Trial.

PubMed

Kemper, Alex R; Barnett, Elizabeth D; Walter, Emmanuel B; Hornik, Christoph; Pierre-Joseph, Natalie; Broder, Karen R; Silverstein, Michael; Harrington, Theresa

2017-11-01

Postvaccination syncope can cause injury. Drinking water prephlebotomy increases peripheral vascular tone, decreasing risk of blood-donation presyncope and syncope. This study evaluated whether drinking water prevaccination reduces postvaccination presyncope, a potential syncope precursor. We conducted a randomized trial of subjects aged 11 to 21 years receiving ≥1 intramuscular vaccine in primary care clinics. Intervention subjects were encouraged to drink 500 mL of water, with vaccination recommended 10 to 60 minutes later. Control subjects received usual care. Presyncope symptoms were assessed with a 12-item survey during the 20-minutes postvaccination. Symptoms were classified with a primary cutoff sensitive for presyncope, and a secondary, more restrictive cutoff requiring greater symptoms. Results were adjusted for clustering by recruitment center. There were 906 subjects randomly assigned to the control group and 901 subjects randomly assigned to the intervention group. None had syncope. Presyncope occurred in 36.2% of subjects by using the primary definition, and in 8.0% of subjects by using the restrictive definition. There were no significant differences in presyncope by intervention group for the primary (1-sided test, P = .24) or restrictive outcome (1-sided test, P = .17). Among intervention subjects vaccinated within 10 to 60 minutes after drinking all 500 mL of water ( n = 519), no reduction in presyncope was observed for the primary or restrictive outcome (1-sided tests, P = .13, P = .17). In multivariable regression analysis, presyncope was associated with younger age, history of passing out or nearly passing out after a shot or blood draw, prevaccination anxiety, receiving >1 injected vaccine, and greater postvaccination pain. Drinking water before vaccination did not prevent postvaccination presyncope. Predictors of postvaccination presyncope suggest opportunities for presyncope and syncope prevention interventions. Copyright © 2017 by the American Academy of Pediatrics.