77 FR 43076 - Federal Acquisition Regulation; Information Collection; Value Engineering Requirements

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-23

...; Information Collection; Value Engineering Requirements AGENCIES: Department of Defense (DOD), General Services... collection requirement concerning Value Engineering Requirements. Public comments are particularly invited on... Information Collection 9000- 0027, Value Engineering Requirements, by any of the following methods...

76 FR 36410 - Value Engineering

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-22

...-2011-0046] RIN 2125-AF40 Value Engineering AGENCY: Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), DOT. ACTION... regulations to enhance the integration of value engineering (VE) analysis in the planning and development of...-131 on Value Engineering. These revisions will also address certain findings contained in a 2007...

77 FR 15250 - Value Engineering

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-15

...-2011-0046] RIN 2125-AF40 Value Engineering AGENCY: Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This rule updates regulations to enhance the integration of value engineering (VE... Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Circular A-131 on Value Engineering. These revisions also will...

78 FR 78399 - Value Engineering

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-26

... OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET Office of Federal Procurement Policy Value Engineering AGENCY... to Office of Management and Budget Circular No. A-131, ``Value Engineering''. SUMMARY: The Office of... revisions to OMB Circular A-131, Value Engineering, to update and reinforce policies associated with the...

77 FR 66464 - Federal Acquisition Regulation; Submission for OMB Review; Value Engineering Requirements

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-05

...; Submission for OMB Review; Value Engineering Requirements AGENCIES: Department of Defense (DOD), General... collection requirement concerning Value Engineering Requirements. A notice was published in the Federal... comments identified by Information Collection 9000- 0027, Value Engineering Requirements, by any of the...

40 CFR 35.2114 - Value engineering.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Value engineering. 35.2114 Section 35... STATE AND LOCAL ASSISTANCE Grants for Construction of Treatment Works § 35.2114 Value engineering. (a) If the project has not received Step 2 grant assistance the applicant shall conduct value engineering...

40 CFR 35.2114 - Value engineering.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Value engineering. 35.2114 Section 35... STATE AND LOCAL ASSISTANCE Grants for Construction of Treatment Works § 35.2114 Value engineering. (a) If the project has not received Step 2 grant assistance the applicant shall conduct value engineering...

40 CFR 35.2114 - Value engineering.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Value engineering. 35.2114 Section 35... STATE AND LOCAL ASSISTANCE Grants for Construction of Treatment Works § 35.2114 Value engineering. (a) If the project has not received Step 2 grant assistance the applicant shall conduct value engineering...

40 CFR 35.2114 - Value engineering.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Value engineering. 35.2114 Section 35... STATE AND LOCAL ASSISTANCE Grants for Construction of Treatment Works § 35.2114 Value engineering. (a) If the project has not received Step 2 grant assistance the applicant shall conduct value engineering...

40 CFR 35.2114 - Value engineering.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Value engineering. 35.2114 Section 35... STATE AND LOCAL ASSISTANCE Grants for Construction of Treatment Works § 35.2114 Value engineering. (a) If the project has not received Step 2 grant assistance the applicant shall conduct value engineering...

Silk Flowers Are Just as Artificial as Plastic Ones: Value Engineering in the University Context

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Woodhead, R.; Ball, F.; Li, X.

2004-01-01

This paper moves beyond the competence focus of mainstream value engineering training (e.g. Miles 1989, "Techniques of Value Engineering and Value Analysis"; Kaufman 1990, "Value Engineering for the Practitioner"), such books achieve their training goal well but lack the pedagogic aim we argue in this paper. This paper achieves our aim by…

FRINGE EFFECTS OF VALUE ENGINEERING. A SURVEY PREPARED BY THE TECHNICAL SUBCOMMITTEE, AOA SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON VALUE ENGINEERING FOR THE OFFICE OF THE ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF DEFENSE (INSTALLATIONS AND LOGISTICS).

DTIC Science & Technology

Fringe effects of value engineering. A survey prepared by the technical subcommittee, AOA special committee on value engineering for the office of the assistant secretary of defense (installations and logistics).

48 CFR 48.101 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... ENGINEERING Policies and Procedures 48.101 General. (a) Value engineering is the formal technique by which... performing more economically. Value engineering attempts to eliminate, without impairing essential functions... two value engineering approaches: (1) The first is an incentive approach in which contractor...

23 CFR 627.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS VALUE ENGINEERING... construction. Value Engineering (VE) analysis. The systematic process of reviewing and assessing a project by a...; and (3) Reducing the time to develop and deliver the project. Value Engineering (VE) Job Plan. A...

23 CFR 627.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS VALUE ENGINEERING... construction. Value Engineering (VE) analysis. The systematic process of reviewing and assessing a project by a...; and (3) Reducing the time to develop and deliver the project. Value Engineering (VE) Job Plan. A...

Enhancing Engineering Education through Engineering Management

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pence, Kenneth R.; Rowe, Christopher J.

2012-01-01

Engineering Management courses are added to a traditional engineering curriculum to enhance the value of an undergraduate's engineering degree. A four-year engineering degree often leaves graduates lacking in business and management acumen. Engineering management education covers topics enhancing the value of new graduates by teaching management…

40 CFR 35.935-18 - Value engineering.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Value engineering. 35.935-18 Section 35.935-18 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER FEDERAL ASSISTANCE... engineering. A grantee must comply with the applicable value engineering requirements of § 35.926. ...

40 CFR 35.935-18 - Value engineering.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Value engineering. 35.935-18 Section 35.935-18 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER FEDERAL ASSISTANCE... engineering. A grantee must comply with the applicable value engineering requirements of § 35.926. ...

40 CFR 35.935-18 - Value engineering.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Value engineering. 35.935-18 Section 35.935-18 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER FEDERAL ASSISTANCE... engineering. A grantee must comply with the applicable value engineering requirements of § 35.926. ...

40 CFR 35.935-18 - Value engineering.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Value engineering. 35.935-18 Section 35.935-18 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER FEDERAL ASSISTANCE... engineering. A grantee must comply with the applicable value engineering requirements of § 35.926. ...

40 CFR 35.935-18 - Value engineering.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Value engineering. 35.935-18 Section 35.935-18 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER FEDERAL ASSISTANCE... engineering. A grantee must comply with the applicable value engineering requirements of § 35.926. ...

Single event upset protection circuit and method

DOEpatents

Wallner, John; Gorder, Michael

2016-03-22

An SEU protection circuit comprises first and second storage means for receiving primary and redundant versions, respectively, of an n-bit wide data value that is to be corrected in case of an SEU occurrence; the correction circuit requires that the data value be a 1-hot encoded value. A parity engine performs a parity operation on the n bits of the primary data value. A multiplexer receives the primary and redundant data values and the parity engine output at respective inputs, and is arranged to pass the primary data value to an output when the parity engine output indicates `odd` parity, and to pass the redundant data value to the output when the parity engine output indicates `even` parity. The primary and redundant data values are suitably state variables, and the parity engine is preferably an n-bit wide XOR or XNOR gate.

Design type air engine Di Pietro

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zwierzchowski, Jaroslaw

The article presents a pneumatic engine constructed by Angelo Di Pietro. 3D solid models of pneumatic engine components were presented therein. A directional valve is a key element of the control system. The valve functions as a camshaft distributing air to particular engine chambers. The construction designed by Angelo Di Pietro is modern and innovative. A pneumatic engine requires low pressure to start rotary movement. With the use of CFD software, the fields of velocity vectors' distribution were determined. Moreover, the author determined the distribution of pressure values in engine inlet and outlet channels. CFD model studies on engine operation were conducted for chosen stages of operating cycles. On the basis of simulation tests that were conducted, the values of flow rates for the engine were determined. The distribution of pressure values made it possible to evaluate the torque value on the rotating shaft.

Adjusting the specificity of an engine map based on the sensitivity of an engine control parameter relative to a performance variable

DOEpatents

Jiang, Li; Lee, Donghoon; Yilmaz, Hakan; Stefanopoulou, Anna

2014-10-28

Methods and systems for engine control optimization are provided. A first and a second operating condition of a vehicle engine are detected. An initial value is identified for a first and a second engine control parameter corresponding to a combination of the detected operating conditions according to a first and a second engine map look-up table. The initial values for the engine control parameters are adjusted based on a detected engine performance variable to cause the engine performance variable to approach a target value. A first and a second sensitivity of the engine performance variable are determined in response to changes in the engine control parameters. The first engine map look-up table is adjusted when the first sensitivity is greater than a threshold, and the second engine map look-up table is adjusted when the second sensitivity is greater than a threshold.

48 CFR 48.102 - Policies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... cost-effective value engineering procedures and processes. Agencies shall provide contractors a... services must require a mandatory value engineering program to reduce total ownership cost in accordance... VALUE ENGINEERING Policies and Procedures 48.102 Policies. (a) As required by Section 36 of the Office...

48 CFR 48.102 - Policies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... cost-effective value engineering procedures and processes. Agencies shall provide contractors a... services must require a mandatory value engineering program to reduce total ownership cost in accordance... VALUE ENGINEERING Policies and Procedures 48.102 Policies. (a) As required by Section 36 of the Office...

Use Of Value Engineering For Engineering And Design Of Airport Grant Projects

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1993-09-09

This advisory circular (AC) provides guidance for the use of value engineering : (VE) in airport projects funded under the Federal Aviation Administration's : (FAA) Airport Grant Program. Department of Transportation (DOT) Order 1395.1, : Use of Valu...

Moral Dilemmas and the Concept of Value in Engineering Ethics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ohishi, Toshihiro

The purpose of this paper is to show that the consideration of value is necessary to understand moral dilemmas in engineering ethics. First, the author shows that moral dilemmas are not fully understood in engineering ethics and argues that it is due to the lack of understanding of value. Second, the author considers the concept of value from the viewpoint of ‘desirability’ . Finally, three suggestions for improving engineering ethics in the understanding of moral dilemmas are made.

48 CFR 48.102 - Policies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... VALUE ENGINEERING Policies and Procedures 48.102 Policies. (a) As required by Section 36 of the Office... cost-effective value engineering procedures and processes. Agencies shall provide contractors a... engineering provisions in appropriate supply, service, architect-engineer and construction contracts as...

Engineering Ethics Education Having Reflected Various Values and a Global Code of Ethics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kanemitsu, Hidekazu

At the present day, a movement trying to establish a global code of ethics for science and engineering is in activity. The author overviews the context of this movement, and examines the possibility of engineering ethics education which uses global code of ethics. In this paper, the engineering ethics education which uses code of ethics in general will be considered, and an expected function of global code of ethics will be also. Engineering ethics education in the new century should be aimed to share the values among different countries and cultures. To use global code of ethics as a tool for such education, the code should include various values, especially Asian values which engineering ethics has paid little attention to.

48 CFR 48.104-2 - Sharing acquisition savings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... CONTRACT MANAGEMENT VALUE ENGINEERING Policies and Procedures 48.104-2 Sharing acquisition savings. (a... value engineering clause or alternate used, and the type of savings, as follows: Government/Contractor... percent for fixed-price contracts; or (2) 75 percent for cost-reimbursement contracts. Value engineering...

48 CFR 48.001 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... VALUE ENGINEERING 48.001 Definitions. As used in this subpart— Acquisition savings means savings resulting from the application of a value engineering change proposal (VECP) to contracts awarded by the... contractor agree the VECP applies. Value engineering proposal means, in connection with an A-E contract, a...

48 CFR 48.001 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... VALUE ENGINEERING 48.001 Definitions. As used in this subpart— Acquisition savings means savings resulting from the application of a value engineering change proposal (VECP) to contracts awarded by the... contractor agree the VECP applies. Value engineering proposal means, in connection with an A-E contract, a...

48 CFR 48.001 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... VALUE ENGINEERING 48.001 Definitions. As used in this subpart— Acquisition savings means savings resulting from the application of a value engineering change proposal (VECP) to contracts awarded by the... contractor agree the VECP applies. Value engineering proposal means, in connection with an A-E contract, a...

The role of non-epistemic values in engineering models.

PubMed

Diekmann, Sven; Peterson, Martin

2013-03-01

We argue that non-epistemic values, including moral ones, play an important role in the construction and choice of models in science and engineering. Our main claim is that non-epistemic values are not only "secondary values" that become important just in case epistemic values leave some issues open. Our point is, on the contrary, that non-epistemic values are as important as epistemic ones when engineers seek to develop the best model of a process or problem. The upshot is that models are neither value-free, nor depend exclusively on epistemic values or use non-epistemic values as tie-breakers.

48 CFR 48.101 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... engineering effort is applied to areas of the contract that offer opportunities for considerable savings... ENGINEERING Policies and Procedures 48.101 General. (a) Value engineering is the formal technique by which... performing more economically. Value engineering attempts to eliminate, without impairing essential functions...

48 CFR 48.101 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... engineering effort is applied to areas of the contract that offer opportunities for considerable savings... ENGINEERING Policies and Procedures 48.101 General. (a) Value engineering is the formal technique by which... performing more economically. Value engineering attempts to eliminate, without impairing essential functions...

48 CFR 48.101 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... engineering effort is applied to areas of the contract that offer opportunities for considerable savings... ENGINEERING Policies and Procedures 48.101 General. (a) Value engineering is the formal technique by which... performing more economically. Value engineering attempts to eliminate, without impairing essential functions...

48 CFR 48.102 - Policies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... VALUE ENGINEERING Policies and Procedures 48.102 Policies. (a) As required by 41 U.S.C. 1711, agencies shall establish and maintain cost-effective value engineering procedures and processes. Agencies shall... cost in accordance with 48.101(b)(2). However, there must be no sharing of value engineering savings in...

48 CFR 48.201 - Clauses for supply or service contracts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... REGULATION CONTRACT MANAGEMENT VALUE ENGINEERING Contract Clauses 48.201 Clauses for supply or service contracts. (a) General. The contracting officer shall insert a value engineering clause in solicitations and... specified in subparagraphs (1) through (5) and in paragraph (f) below. A value engineering clause may be...

48 CFR 48.201 - Clauses for supply or service contracts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... REGULATION CONTRACT MANAGEMENT VALUE ENGINEERING Contract Clauses 48.201 Clauses for supply or service contracts. (a) General. The contracting officer shall insert a value engineering clause in solicitations and... specified in subparagraphs (1) through (5) and in paragraph (f) below. A value engineering clause may be...

48 CFR 48.201 - Clauses for supply or service contracts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... REGULATION CONTRACT MANAGEMENT VALUE ENGINEERING Contract Clauses 48.201 Clauses for supply or service contracts. (a) General. The contracting officer shall insert a value engineering clause in solicitations and... specified in subparagraphs (1) through (5) and in paragraph (f) below. A value engineering clause may be...

48 CFR 48.201 - Clauses for supply or service contracts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... REGULATION CONTRACT MANAGEMENT VALUE ENGINEERING Contract Clauses 48.201 Clauses for supply or service contracts. (a) General. The contracting officer shall insert a value engineering clause in solicitations and... specified in subparagraphs (1) through (5) and in paragraph (f) below. A value engineering clause may be...

48 CFR 48.201 - Clauses for supply or service contracts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... REGULATION CONTRACT MANAGEMENT VALUE ENGINEERING Contract Clauses 48.201 Clauses for supply or service contracts. (a) General. The contracting officer shall insert a value engineering clause in solicitations and... specified in subparagraphs (1) through (5) and in paragraph (f) below. A value engineering clause may be...

Temperature measurement in a gas turbine engine combustor

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

DeSilva, Upul

A method and system for determining a temperature of a working gas passing through a passage to a turbine section of a gas turbine engine. The method includes identifying an acoustic frequency at a first location in the engine upstream from the turbine section, and using the acoustic frequency for determining a first temperature value at the first location that is directly proportional to the acoustic frequency and a calculated constant value. A second temperature of the working gas is determined at a second location in the engine and, using the second temperature, a back calculation is performed to determinemore » a temperature value for the working gas at the first location. The first temperature value is compared to the back calculated temperature value to change the calculated constant value to a recalculated constant value. Subsequent first temperature values at the first location may be determined based on the recalculated constant value.« less

Apparatus, system and method for providing cryptographic key information with physically unclonable function circuitry

DOEpatents

Areno, Matthew

2015-12-08

Techniques and mechanisms for providing a value from physically unclonable function (PUF) circuitry for a cryptographic operation of a security module. In an embodiment, a cryptographic engine receives a value from PUF circuitry and based on the value, outputs a result of a cryptographic operation to a bus of the security module. The bus couples the cryptographic engine to control logic or interface logic of the security module. In another embodiment, the value is provided to the cryptographic engine from the PUF circuitry via a signal line which is distinct from the bus, where any exchange of the value by either of the cryptographic engine and the PUF circuitry is for communication of the first value independent of the bus.

Engine monitoring display study

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hornsby, Mary E.

1992-01-01

The current study is part of a larger NASA effort to develop displays for an engine-monitoring system to enable the crew to monitor engine parameter trends more effectively. The objective was to evaluate the operational utility of adding three types of information to the basic Boeing Engine Indicating and Crew Alerting System (EICAS) display formats: alphanumeric alerting messages for engine parameters whose values exceed caution or warning limits; alphanumeric messages to monitor engine parameters that deviate from expected values; and a graphic depiction of the range of expected values for current conditions. Ten training and line pilots each flew 15 simulated flight scenarios with five variants of the basic EICAS format; these variants included different combinations of the added information. The pilots detected engine problems more quickly when engine alerting messages were included in the display; adding a graphic depiction of the range of expected values did not affect detection speed. The pilots rated both types of alphanumeric messages (alert and monitor parameter) as more useful and easier to interpret than the graphic depiction. Integrating engine parameter messages into the EICAS alerting system appears to be both useful and preferred.

Heat Exchanger Design and Testing for a 6-Inch Rotating Detonation Engine

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-03-01

Engine Research Facility HHV Higher heating value LHV Lower heating value PDE Pulsed detonation engine RDE Rotating detonation engine RTD...the combustion community are pulse detonation engines ( PDEs ) and rotating detonation engines (RDEs). 1.1 Differences between Pulsed and Rotating ...steadier than that of a PDE (2, 3). (2) (3) Figure 1. Unrolled rotating detonation wave from high-speed video (4) Another difference that

Student Self-Selection for Specializations in Engineering.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Izraeli, Dafna; And Others

1979-01-01

Tests the hypothesis that students self-selecting themselves for different occupational fields differ in relevant values and interests. Industrial engineers have different work values and images of their subfield than other engineering specialists. In terms of type of student selecting engineering, the profession cannot be treated as an…

A Curriculum of Value Creation and Management in Engineering

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yannou, Bernard; Bigand, Michel

2004-01-01

As teachers and researchers belonging to two sister French engineering schools, we are convinced that the processes of value creation and management are essential in today's teaching of industrial engineering and project managers. We believe that such processes may be embedded in a three-part curriculum composed of value management and innovation…

Method and apparatus for controlling the solenoid current of a solenoid valve which controls the amount of suction of air in an internal combustion engine

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kiuchi, T.; Yasuoka, A.

1988-05-24

A method of controlling the solenoid current of a solenoid valve which controls suction air in an internal combustion engine, is described comprising the steps of: calculating a solenoid current control value as a function of engine operating conditions; detecting an engine coolant temperature corresponding to the solenoid temperature; determining a temperature correction value in accordance with the solenoid temperature; and calculating a driving signal for controlling the operation of the solenoid as a function of the solenoid current control value and the temperature correction value.

Choosing engineering: Can I succeed and do I want to? A qualitative analysis framed in expectancy-value theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Matusovich, Holly Marie

Recently published reports call for an increase in the number of engineering graduates and suggest appropriate characteristics that these graduates should embody. Accomplishing either objective requires first understanding why students choose to pursue engineering degrees. This research started addressing this knowledge gap using Eccles' expectancy-value model to qualitatively and longitudinally examine undergraduate student's choices to enroll and persist in engineering majors. Specifically, this study focused on identity within Eccles' model to answer the question: How do students' beliefs about being engineers in the future shape their choices to pursue engineering? Framed in Eccles' model, students' choices to pursue engineering majors are based on beliefs about their engineering-related competence and how much they value succeeding in an engineering major. Eccles posits that identity shapes both competence and value beliefs. This study defined identity as students' self-perceptions as future engineers then examined the roles these self-perceptions in shaping their choices to pursue engineering degrees. Gee's conception of four-interrelated aspects of identity (nature identity, institutional identity, affinity identity, and discourse identity) provided a lens to examine students' self-perceptions as future engineers. Multiple case study methods guided this research with each of ten students (five men and five women) representing a case. Results derive from the inductive analysis of longitudinal interviews triangulated with survey results---all data spanned the students' first through fourth undergraduate years. This study is part of a larger body of work, the Academic Pathways Study (APS), conducted by the Center for Advancement of Engineering Education (CAEE). Results demonstrated that students' self-perceptions as future engineers are connected to both competence and value beliefs and to the choice to persist in engineering. Specifically, the results showed: (1) even in their fourth undergraduate year, three out of ten participants were uncertain about themselves as future engineers; (2) students choosing to pursue an engineering degree because they identify with the types of activities in which engineers engage experience the persistence choice process differently than students who choose engineering for other reasons; and (3) all students ultimately had positive competence beliefs, although two women participants continually renegotiated definitions of competence in engineering.

Method and system for monitoring and displaying engine performance parameters

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Abbott, Terence S. (Inventor); Person, Jr., Lee H. (Inventor)

1991-01-01

The invention is a method and system for monitoring and directly displaying the actual thrust produced by a jet aircraft engine under determined operating conditions and the available thrust and predicted (commanded) thrust of a functional model of an ideal engine under the same determined operating conditions. A first set of actual value output signals representative of a plurality of actual performance parameters of the engine under the determined operating conditions is generated and compared with a second set of predicted value output signals representative of the predicted value of corresponding performance parameters of a functional model of the engine under the determined operating conditions to produce a third set of difference value output signals within a range of normal, caution, or warning limit values. A thrust indicator displays when any one of the actual value output signals is in the warning range while shaping function means shape each of the respective difference output signals as each approaches the limit of the respective normal, caution, and warning range limits.

40 CFR 86.1105-87 - Emission standards for which nonconformance penalties are available.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... VEHICLES AND ENGINES (CONTINUED) Nonconformance Penalties for Gasoline-Fueled and Diesel Heavy-Duty Engines...-fueled light heavy-duty diesel engines: (A) The following values shall be used to calculate an NCP in... heavy-duty diesel engines: (A) The following values shall be used to calculate an NCP in accordance with...

40 CFR 86.1105-87 - Emission standards for which nonconformance penalties are available.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... VEHICLES AND ENGINES (CONTINUED) Nonconformance Penalties for Gasoline-Fueled and Diesel Heavy-Duty Engines...-fueled light heavy-duty diesel engines: (A) The following values shall be used to calculate an NCP in... heavy-duty diesel engines: (A) The following values shall be used to calculate an NCP in accordance with...

23 CFR 627.5 - General principles and procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS VALUE ENGINEERING § 627.5 General principles and procedures. (a) State VE programs. State transportation... studies. (2) Studies. Value engineering studies shall follow the widely recognized systematic problem...

23 CFR 627.5 - General principles and procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS VALUE ENGINEERING § 627.5 General principles and procedures. (a) State VE programs. State transportation... studies. (2) Studies. Value engineering studies shall follow the widely recognized systematic problem...

48 CFR 1348.102 - Policies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... ENGINEERING Policies and Procedures 1348.102 Policies. (a) Contracting activities shall send contractor-submitted Value Engineering Change Proposals (VECPs) to the appropriate technical personnel for review. (b... rejection to the contracting officer. (c) The designee authorized to grant exemptions from value engineering...

23 CFR 627.5 - General principles and procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS VALUE ENGINEERING § 627.5 General principles and procedures. (a) State VE programs. State transportation... studies. (2) Studies. Value engineering studies shall follow the widely recognized systematic problem...

Human Genetic Engineering: A Survey of Student Value Stances

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wilson, Sara McCormack; And Others

1975-01-01

Assesses the values of high school and college students relative to human genetic engineering and recommends that biology educators explore instructional strategies merging human genetic information with value clarification techniques. (LS)

23 CFR 627.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Definitions. 627.3 Section 627.3 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS VALUE ENGINEERING... consist of several contracts or phases over several years. Value engineering. The systematic application...

23 CFR 627.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Definitions. 627.3 Section 627.3 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS VALUE ENGINEERING... consist of several contracts or phases over several years. Value engineering. The systematic application...

23 CFR 627.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Definitions. 627.3 Section 627.3 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS VALUE ENGINEERING... consist of several contracts or phases over several years. Value engineering. The systematic application...

48 CFR 52.248-3 - Value Engineering-Construction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Value Engineering....248-3 Value Engineering—Construction. As prescribed in 48.202, insert the following clause: Value Engineering—Construction (OCT 2010) (a) General. The Contractor is encouraged to develop, prepare, and submit...

48 CFR 52.248-3 - Value Engineering-Construction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Value Engineering....248-3 Value Engineering—Construction. As prescribed in 48.202, insert the following clause: Value Engineering—Construction (OCT 2010) (a) General. The Contractor is encouraged to develop, prepare, and submit...

48 CFR 52.248-3 - Value Engineering-Construction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Value Engineering....248-3 Value Engineering—Construction. As prescribed in 48.202, insert the following clause: Value Engineering—Construction (OCT 2010) (a) General. The Contractor is encouraged to develop, prepare, and submit...

48 CFR 52.248-3 - Value Engineering-Construction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Value Engineering....248-3 Value Engineering—Construction. As prescribed in 48.202, insert the following clause: Value Engineering—Construction (OCT 2010) (a) General. The Contractor is encouraged to develop, prepare, and submit...

48 CFR 52.248-3 - Value Engineering-Construction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Value Engineering....248-3 Value Engineering—Construction. As prescribed in 48.202, insert the following clause: Value Engineering—Construction (OCT 2010) (a) General. The Contractor is encouraged to develop, prepare, and submit...

Dissolving the engineering moral dilemmas within the Islamic ethico-legal praxes.

PubMed

Solihu, Abdul Kabir Hussain; Ambali, Abdul Rauf

2011-03-01

The goal of responsible engineers is the creation of useful and safe technological products and commitment to public health, while respecting the autonomy of the clients and the public. Because engineers often face moral dilemma to resolve such issues, different engineers have chosen different course of actions depending on their respective moral value orientations. Islam provides a value-based mechanism rooted in the Maqasid al-Shari'ah (the objectives of Islamic law). This mechanism prioritizes some values over others and could help resolve the moral dilemmas faced in engineering. This paper introduces the Islamic interpretive-evaluative maxims to two core issues in engineering ethics: genetically modified foods and whistleblowing. The study aims primarily to provide problem-solving maxims within the Maqasid al-Shari'ah matrix through which such moral dilemmas in science and engineering could be studied and resolved.

Mathematics and its value for engineering students: what are the implications for teaching?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Harris, Diane; Black, Laura; Hernandez-Martinez, Paul; Pepin, Birgit; Williams, Julian; with the TransMaths Team

2015-04-01

Mathematics has long been known to be problematic for university engineering students and their teachers, for example, Scanlan.[1] This paper presents recent data gathered from interviews with engineering students who experienced problems with mathematics and their lecturers during their transition through the first year in different programme contexts. Our interviews with the students reveal how they understand the relation between engineering and mathematics and we draw on the concept of 'use- and exchange-value' to explore this relationship more fully. This paper challenges both the pedagogical practice of teaching non-contextualized mathematics and the lack of transparency regarding the significance of mathematics to engineering. We conclude that the value of mathematics in engineering remains a central problem, and argue that mathematics should be a fundamental concern in the design and practice of first-year engineering.

23 CFR 627.1 - Purpose and applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS VALUE ENGINEERING § 627.1 Purpose and applicability. (a) This regulation will establish a program to improve project... ensure efficient investments by requiring the application of value engineering (VE) to all Federal-aid...

23 CFR 627.1 - Purpose and applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS VALUE ENGINEERING § 627.1 Purpose and applicability. (a) This regulation will establish a program to improve project... ensure efficient investments by requiring the application of value engineering (VE) to all Federal-aid...

23 CFR 627.1 - Purpose and applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS VALUE ENGINEERING § 627.1 Purpose and applicability. (a) This regulation will establish a program to improve project... ensure efficient investments by requiring the application of value engineering (VE) to all Federal-aid...

Statistics of indicated pressure in combustion engine.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sitnik, L. J.; Andrych-Zalewska, M.

2016-09-01

The paper presents the classic form of pressure waveforms in burn chamber of diesel engine but based on strict analytical basis for amending the displacement volume. The pressure measurement results are obtained in the engine running on an engine dynamometer stand. The study was conducted by a 13-phase ESC test (European Stationary Cycle). In each test phase are archived 90 waveforms of pressure. As a result of extensive statistical analysis was found that while the engine is idling distribution of 90 value of pressure at any value of the angle of rotation of the crankshaft can be described uniform distribution. In the each point of characteristic of the engine corresponding to the individual phases of the ESC test, 90 of the pressure for any value of the angle of rotation of the crankshaft can be described as normal distribution. These relationships are verified using tests: Shapiro-Wilk, Jarque-Bera, Lilliefors, Anderson-Darling. In the following part, with each value of the crank angle, are obtain values of descriptive statistics for the pressure data. In its essence, are obtained a new way to approach the issue of pressure waveform analysis in the burn chamber of engine. The new method can be used to further analysis, especially the combustion process in the engine. It was found, e.g. a very large variances of pressure near the transition from compression to expansion stroke. This lack of stationarity of the process can be important both because of the emissions of exhaust gases and fuel consumption of the engine.

Upgraded automotive gas turbine engine design and development program, volume 2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wagner, C. E. (Editor); Pampreen, R. C. (Editor)

1979-01-01

Results are presented for the design and development of an upgraded engine. The design incorporated technology advancements which resulted from development testing on the Baseline Engine. The final engine performance with all retro-fitted components from the development program showed a value of 91 HP at design speed in contrast to the design value of 104 HP. The design speed SFC was 0.53 versus the goal value of 0.44. The miss in power was primarily due to missing the efficiency targets of small size turbomachinery. Most of the SFC deficit was attributed to missed goals in the heat recovery system relative to regenerator effectiveness and expected values of heat loss. Vehicular fuel consumption, as measured on a chassis dynamometer, for a vehicle inertia weight of 3500 lbs., was 15 MPG for combined urban and highway driving cycles. The baseline engine achieved 8 MPG with a 4500 lb. vehicle. Even though the goal of 18.3 MPG was not achieved with the upgraded engine, there was an improvement in fuel economy of 46% over the baseline engine, for comparable vehicle inertia weight.

Ethical considerations for a better collaboration between architects and structural engineers: design of buildings with reinforced concrete frame systems in earthquake zones.

PubMed

Hurol, Yonca

2014-06-01

Architects design building structures, although structural design is the profession of structural engineers. Thus, it is better for architects and structural engineers to collaborate starting from the initial phases of the architectural design. However, this is not very common because of the contradictory design processes and value systems held within the two professions. This article provides a platform upon which architects and structural engineers can resolve the value conflicts between them by analysing phases of the structural design of reinforced concrete frame systems in architecture, the criteria of the structural design for each phase and determining the conflicting values for each criterion. The results shown in the article demonstrate that the architectural design of structures is a complex process, which is based on contradictory values and value systems. Finally, the article suggests to architects and structural engineers to use Value Sensitive Design and to choose an appropriate team leader in order to resolve the unethical conflict between them and to avoid any unreasonable decision making.

23 CFR 627.1 - Purpose and applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS VALUE ENGINEERING § 627.1 Purpose and applicability. (a) The purpose of this part is to prescribe the programs, policies and procedures for the integration of value engineering (VE) into the planning and development of...

23 CFR 627.1 - Purpose and applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS VALUE ENGINEERING § 627.1 Purpose and applicability. (a) The purpose of this part is to prescribe the programs, policies and procedures for the integration of value engineering (VE) into the planning and development of...

Engineers and Active Responsibility.

PubMed

Pesch, Udo

2015-08-01

Knowing that technologies are inherently value-laden and systemically interwoven with society, the question is how individual engineers can take up the challenge of accepting the responsibility for their work? This paper will argue that engineers have no institutional structure at the level of society that allows them to recognize, reflect upon, and actively integrate the value-laden character of their designs. Instead, engineers have to tap on the different institutional realms of market, science, and state, making their work a 'hybrid' activity combining elements from the different institutional realms. To deal with this institutional hybridity, engineers develop routines and heuristics in their professional network, which do not allow societal values to be expressed in a satisfactory manner. To allow forms of 'active' responsibility, there have to be so-called 'accountability forums' that guide moral reflections of individual actors. The paper will subsequently look at the methodologies of value-sensitive design (VSD) and constructive technology assessment (CTA) and explore whether and how these methodologies allow engineers to integrate societal values into the design technological artifacts and systems. As VSD and CTA are methodologies that look at the process of technological design, whereas the focus of this paper is on the designer, they can only be used indirectly, namely as frameworks which help to identify the contours of a framework for active responsibility of engineers.

A Discussion of the Software Quality Assurance Role

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kandt, Ronald Kirk

2010-01-01

The basic idea underlying this paper is that the conventional understanding of the role of a Software Quality Assurance (SQA) engineer is unduly limited. This is because few have asked who the customers of a SQA engineer are. Once you do this, you can better define what tasks a SQA engineer should perform, as well as identify the knowledge and skills that such a person should have. The consequence of doing this is that a SQA engineer can provide greater value to his or her customers. It is the position of this paper that a SQA engineer providing significant value to his or her customers must not only assume the role of an auditor, but also that of a software and systems engineer. This is because software engineers and their managers particularly value contributions that directly impact products and their development. These ideas are summarized as lessons learned, based on my experience at Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL).

40 CFR 90.116 - Certification procedure-determining engine displacement, engine class, and engine families.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... engine displacement, engine class, and engine families. 90.116 Section 90.116 Protection of Environment... Certification procedure—determining engine displacement, engine class, and engine families. (a) Engine displacement must be calculated using nominal engine values and rounded to the nearest whole cubic centimeter...

40 CFR 90.116 - Certification procedure-determining engine displacement, engine class, and engine families.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... engine displacement, engine class, and engine families. 90.116 Section 90.116 Protection of Environment... Certification procedure—determining engine displacement, engine class, and engine families. (a) Engine displacement must be calculated using nominal engine values and rounded to the nearest whole cubic centimeter...

40 CFR 90.116 - Certification procedure-determining engine displacement, engine class, and engine families.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... engine displacement, engine class, and engine families. 90.116 Section 90.116 Protection of Environment... Certification procedure—determining engine displacement, engine class, and engine families. (a) Engine displacement must be calculated using nominal engine values and rounded to the nearest whole cubic centimeter...

40 CFR 90.116 - Certification procedure-determining engine displacement, engine class, and engine families.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... engine displacement, engine class, and engine families. 90.116 Section 90.116 Protection of Environment... Certification procedure—determining engine displacement, engine class, and engine families. (a) Engine displacement must be calculated using nominal engine values and rounded to the nearest whole cubic centimeter...

40 CFR 90.116 - Certification procedure-determining engine displacement, engine class, and engine families.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... engine displacement, engine class, and engine families. 90.116 Section 90.116 Protection of Environment... Certification procedure—determining engine displacement, engine class, and engine families. (a) Engine displacement must be calculated using nominal engine values and rounded to the nearest whole cubic centimeter...

Value-added biotransformation of cellulosic sugars by engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

PubMed

Lane, Stephan; Dong, Jia; Jin, Yong-Su

2018-07-01

The substantial research efforts into lignocellulosic biofuels have generated an abundance of valuable knowledge and technologies for metabolic engineering. In particular, these investments have led to a vast growth in proficiency of engineering the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae for consuming lignocellulosic sugars, enabling the simultaneous assimilation of multiple carbon sources, and producing a large variety of value-added products by introduction of heterologous metabolic pathways. While microbial conversion of cellulosic sugars into large-volume low-value biofuels is not currently economically feasible, there may still be opportunities to produce other value-added chemicals as regulation of cellulosic sugar metabolism is quite different from glucose metabolism. This review summarizes these recent advances with an emphasis on employing engineered yeast for the bioconversion of lignocellulosic sugars into a variety of non-ethanol value-added products. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Engineering microbial factories for synthesis of value-added products

PubMed Central

Du, Jing; Shao, Zengyi; Zhao, Huimin

2011-01-01

Microorganisms have become an increasingly important platform for the production of drugs, chemicals, and biofuels from renewable resources. Advances in protein engineering, metabolic engineering, and synthetic biology enable redesigning microbial cellular networks and fine-tuning physiological capabilities, thus generating industrially viable strains for the production of natural and unnatural value-added compounds. In this review, we describe the recent progress on engineering microbial factories for synthesis of valued-added products including alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, polyketides, non-ribosomal peptides, biofuels, and chemicals. Related topics on lignocellulose degradation, sugar utilization, and microbial tolerance improvement will also be discussed. PMID:21526386

Integrating ethics in design through the value-sensitive design approach.

PubMed

Cummings, Mary L

2006-10-01

The Accreditation Board of Engineering and Technology (ABET) has declared that to achieve accredited status, 'engineering programs must demonstrate that their graduates have an understanding of professional and ethical responsibility.' Many engineering professors struggle to integrate this required ethics instruction in technical classes and projects because of the lack of a formalized ethics-in-design approach. However, one methodology developed in human-computer interaction research, the Value-Sensitive Design approach, can serve as an engineering education tool which bridges the gap between design and ethics for many engineering disciplines. The three major components of Value-Sensitive Design, conceptual, technical, and empirical, exemplified through a case study which focuses on the development of a command and control supervisory interface for a military cruise missile.

Career preference theory: A grounded theory describing the effects of undergraduate career preferences on student persistence in engineering

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dettinger, Karen Marie

This study used grounded theory in a case study at a large public research university to develop a theory about how the culture in engineering education affects students with varying interests and backgrounds. According to Career Preference Theory, the engineering education system has evolved to meet the needs of one type of student, the Physical Scientist. While this educational process serves to develop the next generation of engineering faculty members, the majority of engineering undergraduates go on to work as practicing engineers, and are far removed from working as physical scientists. According to Career Preference Theory, students with a history of success in mathematics and sciences, and a focus on career, enter engineering. These students, who actually have a wide range of interests and values, each begin seeking an identity as a practicing engineer. Career Preference Theory is developed around a concept, Career Identity Type, that describes five different types of engineering students: Pragmatic, Physical Scientist, "Social" Scientist, Designer, and Educator. According to the theory, each student must develop an identity within the engineering education system if they are to persist in engineering. However, the current undergraduate engineering education system has evolved in such a way that it meets only the needs of the Physical Scientist. Pragmatic students are also likely to succeed because they tend to be extremely goal-focused and maintain a focus on the rewards they will receive once they graduate with an engineering degree. However, "Social" Scientists, who value interpersonal relationships and giving back to society; Designers, who value integrating ideas across disciplines to create aesthetically pleasing and useful products; and Educators, who have a strong desire to give back to society by working with young people, must make some connection between these values and a future engineering career if they are to persist in engineering. According to Career Preference Theory, "Social" Scientists, Designers, and Educators are likely to leave engineering, while Pragmatics and Physical Scientists are likely to persist.

A proposed procedure for expressing the behavior of a full engine cycle by identifying its critical load timings

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Marius Andrei, Mihalache; Gheorghe, Nagit; Gavril, Musca; Vasile, Merticaru, Jr.; Marius Ionut, Ripanu

2016-11-01

In the present study the authors propose a new algorithm for identifying the right loads that act upon a functional connecting rod during a full engine cycle. The loads are then divided into three categories depending on the results they produce, as static, semi-dynamic and dynamic ones Because an engine cycle extends up to 720°, the authors aim to identify a method of substitution of values that produce the same effect as a previous value of a considered angle did. In other words, the proposed method aims to pin point the critical values that produce an effect different as the one seen before during a full engine cycle. Only those values will then be considered as valid loads that act upon the connecting rod inside FEA analyses. This technique has been applied to each of the three categories mentioned above and did produced different critical values for each one of them. The whole study relies on a theoretical mechanical project which was developed in order to identify the right values that correspond to each degree of the entire engine cycle of a Daewoo Tico automobile.

Engineering Education on the "Fuzzy" Front End: A High-Technology Entrepreneurship Model

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Crawford, G. P.; Broer, D. J.; Bastiaansen, C. W. M.

2006-01-01

We have developed a university entrepreneurship program, culminating in a prototype and business plan, with five objectives: (1) value for all academic participants' (2) introduction to engineering issues for students; (3) refinement of engineering students' "soft" skills; (4) training for students in creating value out of embryonic ideas; and (5)…

Value-Engineering Review for Numerical Control

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Warner, J. L.

1984-01-01

Selecting parts for conversion from conventional machining to numerical control, value-engineering review performed for every part to identify potential changes to part design that result in increased production efficiency.

Value Engineering Should Be Improved as Part of the Defense Department’s Approach to Reducing Acquisition Cost.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-09-27

monitoring subcontractor activity, DOD officials must take into account practical and cost considerations 20 * *, l o *° as well as legal constraints...AD-A134 967 VALUE ENGINEERING SHOULD BE IMPROYED AS PART OF THE i/i DEFENSE DEPARTMENT’S~ (U) GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE WASHINGTON DC ACCOUNTING AND...RESOLUTION TEST CHART NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDAR DS -I96 3 -A 7.... REPORT BY THE U.S. & General Accounting Office ,:: Value Engineering Should Be Improved

Exploration of Engineering Students' Values with Respect to Behaviors in Group Work

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nagel, Robert L.; Pappas, Eric C.; Swain, Matthew S.; Hazard, Gretchen A.

2015-01-01

In order to train young professionals, instructional methodologies in engineering need not only teach students knowledge, but must also instill the values and teach the behaviors--"competencies" students can demonstrate--required of professional practice. Herein, we focus on understanding the values and behaviors of students with respect…

Assessing the Value-Added by the Environmental Testing Process with the Aide of Physics/Engineering of Failure Evaluations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cornford, S.; Gibbel, M.

1997-01-01

NASA's Code QT Test Effectiveness Program is funding a series of applied research activities focused on utilizing the principles of physics and engineering of failure and those of engineering economics to assess and improve the value-added by the various validation and verification activities to organizations.

Stateless and stateful implementations of faithful execution

DOEpatents

Pierson, Lyndon G; Witzke, Edward L; Tarman, Thomas D; Robertson, Perry J; Eldridge, John M; Campbell, Philip L

2014-12-16

A faithful execution system includes system memory, a target processor, and protection engine. The system memory stores a ciphertext including value fields and integrity fields. The value fields each include an encrypted executable instruction and the integrity fields each include an encrypted integrity value for determining whether a corresponding one of the value fields has been modified. The target processor executes plaintext instructions decoded from the ciphertext while the protection engine is coupled between the system memory and the target processor. The protection engine includes logic to retrieve the ciphertext from the system memory, decrypt the value fields into the plaintext instructions, perform an integrity check based on the integrity fields to determine whether any of the corresponding value fields have been modified, and provide the plaintext instructions to the target processor for execution.

40 CFR 1039.140 - What is my engine's maximum engine power?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...) AIR POLLUTION CONTROLS CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE NONROAD COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES... 1065, based on the manufacturer's design and production specifications for the engine. This information... power values for an engine are based on maximum engine power. For example, the group of engines with...

40 CFR 1039.140 - What is my engine's maximum engine power?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) AIR POLLUTION CONTROLS CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE NONROAD COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES... 1065, based on the manufacturer's design and production specifications for the engine. This information... power values for an engine are based on maximum engine power. For example, the group of engines with...

40 CFR 1039.140 - What is my engine's maximum engine power?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) AIR POLLUTION CONTROLS CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE NONROAD COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES... 1065, based on the manufacturer's design and production specifications for the engine. This information... power values for an engine are based on maximum engine power. For example, the group of engines with...

40 CFR 1039.140 - What is my engine's maximum engine power?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...) AIR POLLUTION CONTROLS CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE NONROAD COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES... 1065, based on the manufacturer's design and production specifications for the engine. This information... power values for an engine are based on maximum engine power. For example, the group of engines with...

Method of controlling a variable geometry type turbocharger

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hirabayashi, Y.

1988-08-23

This patent describes a method of controlling the supercharging pressure of a variable geometry type turbocharger having a bypass, comprising the following steps which are carried out successively: receiving signals from an engine speed sensor and from an engine knocking sensor; receiving a signal from a throttle valve sensor; judging whether or not an engine is being accelerated, and proceeding to step below if the engine is being accelerated and to step below if the engine is not being accelerated, i.e., if the engine is in a constant speed operation; determining a first correction value and proceeding to step below;more » judging whether or not the engine is knocking, and proceeding to step (d) if knocking is occurring and to step (f) below if no knocking is occurring; determining a second correction value and proceeding to step; receiving signals from the engine speed sensor and from an airflow meter which measures the quantity of airflow to be supplied to the engine; calculating an airflow rate per engine revolution; determining a duty valve according to the calculated airflow rate; transmitting the corrected duty value to control means for controlling the geometry of the variable geometry type turbocharger and the opening of bypass of the turbocharger, thereby controlling the supercharging pressure of the turbocharger.« less

48 CFR 2448.102 - Policies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... MANAGEMENT VALUE ENGINEERING 2448.102 Policies. (a) The authority of the agency head to exempt contracts from including Value Engineering (VE) procedures and processes under 48 CFR 48.102(a) is delegated to the HCA for...

48 CFR 2448.102 - Policies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... MANAGEMENT VALUE ENGINEERING 2448.102 Policies. (a) The authority of the agency head to exempt contracts from including Value Engineering (VE) procedures and processes under 48 CFR 48.102(a) is delegated to the HCA for...

Experimental performance of the regenerator for the Chrysler upgraded automotive gas turbine engine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Winter, J. M.; Nussle, R. C.

1982-01-01

Automobile gas turbine engine regenerator performance was studied in a regenerator test facility that provided a satisfactory simulation of the actual engine operating environment but with independent control of airflow and gas flow. Velocity and temperature distributions were measured immediately downstream of both the core high-pressure-side outlet and the core low-pressure-side outlet. For the original engine housing, the regenerator temperature effectiveness was 1 to 2 percent higher than the design value, and the heat transfer effectiveness was 2 to 4 percent lower than the design value over the range of test conditions simulating 50 to 100 percent of gas generator speed. Recalculating the design values to account for seal leakage decreased the design heat transfer effectiveness to values consistent with those measured herein. A baffle installed in the engine housing high-pressure-side inlet provided more uniform velocities out of the regenerator but did not improve the effectiveness. A housing designed to provide more uniform axial flow to the regenerator was also tested. Although temperature uniformity was improved, the effectiveness values were not improved. Neither did 50-percent flow blockage (90 degree segment) applied to the high-pressure-side inlet change the effectiveness significantly.

40 CFR 1054.505 - How do I test engines?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... following methods for confirming torque values for nonhandheld engines: (i) Calculate torque-related cycle... is valid. (ii) Evaluate each mode separately to validate the duty cycle. All torque feedback values recorded during non-idle sampling periods must be within ±2 percent of the reference value or within ±0.27...

Plastics disassembly versus bulk recycling: engineering design for end-of-life electronics resource recovery.

PubMed

Rios, Pedro; Stuart, Julie Ann; Grant, Ed

2003-12-01

Annual plastic flows through the business and consumer electronics manufacturing supply chain include nearly 3 billion lb of high-value engineering plastics derived from petroleum. The recovery of resource value from this stream presents critical challenges in areas of materials identification and recycling process design that demand new green engineering technologies applied together with life cycle assessment and ecological supply chain analysis to create viable plastics-to-plastics supply cycles. The sustainable recovery of potentially high-value engineering plastics streams requires that recyclers either avoid mixing plastic parts or purify later by separating smaller plastic pieces created in volume reduction (shredding) steps. Identification and separation constitute significant barriers in the plastics-to-plastics recycling value proposition. In the present work, we develop a model that accepts randomly arriving electronic products to study scenarios by which a recycler might identify and separate high-value engineering plastics as well as metals. Using discrete eventsimulation,we compare current mixed plastics recovery with spectrochemical plastic resin identification and subsequent sorting. Our results show that limited disassembly with whole-part identification can produce substantial yields in separated streams of recovered engineering thermoplastics. We find that disassembly with identification does not constitute a bottleneck, but rather, with relatively few workers, can be configured to pull the process and thus decrease maximum staging space requirements.

Work extremum principle: structure and function of quantum heat engines.

PubMed

Allahverdyan, Armen E; Johal, Ramandeep S; Mahler, Guenter

2008-04-01

We consider a class of quantum heat engines consisting of two subsystems interacting with a work-source and coupled to two separate baths at different temperatures Th>Tc. The purpose of the engine is to extract work due to the temperature difference. Its dynamics is not restricted to the near equilibrium regime. The engine structure is determined by maximizing the extracted work under various constraints. When this maximization is carried out at finite power, the engine dynamics is described by well-defined temperatures and satisfies the local version of the second law. In addition, its efficiency is bounded from below by the Curzon-Ahlborn value 1-radical Tc/Th and from above by the Carnot value 1-(Tc/Th). The latter is reached-at finite power--for a macroscopic engine, while the former is achieved in the equilibrium limit Th-->Tc . The efficiency that maximizes the power is strictly larger than the Curzon-Ahloborn value. When the work is maximized at a zero power, even a small (few-level) engine extracts work right at the Carnot efficiency.

40 CFR 1065.510 - Engine mapping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... expected maximum power. Continue the warm-up until the engine coolant, block, or head absolute temperature... torque of zero on the engine's primary output shaft, and allow the engine to govern the speed. Measure... values. (ii) For engines without a low-speed governor, operate the engine at warm idle speed and zero...

40 CFR 1065.510 - Engine mapping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... expected maximum power. Continue the warm-up until the engine coolant, block, or head absolute temperature... torque of zero on the engine's primary output shaft, and allow the engine to govern the speed. Measure... values. (ii) For engines without a low-speed governor, operate the engine at warm idle speed and zero...

40 CFR 1065.510 - Engine mapping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... expected maximum power. Continue the warm-up until the engine coolant, block, or head absolute temperature... torque of zero on the engine's primary output shaft, and allow the engine to govern the speed. Measure... values. (ii) For engines without a low-speed governor, operate the engine at warm idle speed and zero...

Baseline performance and emissions data for a single-cylinder, direct-injected diesel engine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dezelick, R. A.; Mcfadden, J. J.; Ream, L. W.; Barrows, R. F.

1983-01-01

Comprehensive fuel consumption, mean effective cylinder pressure, and emission test results for a supercharged, single-cylinder, direct-injected, four-stroke-cycle, diesel test engine are documented. Inlet air-to-exhaust pressure ratios were varied from 1.25 to 3.35 in order to establish the potential effects of turbocharging techniques on engine performance. Inlet air temperatures and pressures were adjusted from 34 to 107 C and from 193 to 414 kPa to determine the effects on engine performance and emissions. Engine output ranged from 300 to 2100 kPa (brake mean effective pressure) in the speed range of 1000 to 3000 rpm. Gaseous and particulate emission rates were measured. Real-time values of engine friction and pumping loop losses were measured independently and compared with motored engine values.

Potential impacts of Brayton and Stirling cycle engines

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Heft, R. C.

1980-11-01

Two engine technologies (Brayton cycle and Stirling cycle) are examined for their potential economic impact and fuel utilization. An economic analysis of the expected response of buyers to the attributes of the alternative engines was performed. Hedonic coefficients for vehicle fuel efficiency, performance and size were estimated for domestic cars based upon historical data. The marketplace value of the fuel efficiency enhancement provided by Brayton or Stirling engines was estimated. Under the assumptions of 10 years for plant conversions and 1990 and 1995 as the introduction data for turbine and Stirling engines respectively, the comparative fuel savings and present value of the future savings in fuel costs were estimated.

Potential impacts of Brayton and Stirling cycle engines

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Heft, R. C.

1980-01-01

Two engine technologies (Brayton cycle and Stirling cycle) are examined for their potential economic impact and fuel utilization. An economic analysis of the expected response of buyers to the attributes of the alternative engines was performed. Hedonic coefficients for vehicle fuel efficiency, performance and size were estimated for domestic cars based upon historical data. The marketplace value of the fuel efficiency enhancement provided by Brayton or Stirling engines was estimated. Under the assumptions of 10 years for plant conversions and 1990 and 1995 as the introduction data for turbine and Stirling engines respectively, the comparative fuel savings and present value of the future savings in fuel costs were estimated.

The two-stroke poppet valve engine. Part 1: Intake and exhaust ports flow experimental assessments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kamili Zahidi, M.; Razali Hanipah, M.; Ramasamy, D.; Noor, M. M.; Kadirgama, K.; Rahman, M. M.

2017-10-01

A two-stroke poppet valve engine is developed to overcome the common problems in conventional two-stroke engine designs. However, replacing piston control port with poppet valve will resulted different flow behaviour. This paper is looking at experimental assessment on a two-stroke poppet valve engine configuration to investigate the port flow performance. The aims are to evaluate the intake and exhaust coefficient of discharge and assess the twostroke capability of the cylinder head. The results has shown comparable coefficient of discharge values as production engine for the intake while the exhaust has higher values which is favourable for the two-stroke cycle operation.

40 CFR 205.153 - Engine displacement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Engine displacement. 205.153 Section... TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT NOISE EMISSION CONTROLS Motorcycles § 205.153 Engine displacement. (a) Engine displacement must be calculated using nominal engine values and rounded to the nearest whole cubic centimeter...

40 CFR 205.153 - Engine displacement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 26 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Engine displacement. 205.153 Section... TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT NOISE EMISSION CONTROLS Motorcycles § 205.153 Engine displacement. (a) Engine displacement must be calculated using nominal engine values and rounded to the nearest whole cubic centimeter...

40 CFR 205.153 - Engine displacement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 26 2012-07-01 2011-07-01 true Engine displacement. 205.153 Section... TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT NOISE EMISSION CONTROLS Motorcycles § 205.153 Engine displacement. (a) Engine displacement must be calculated using nominal engine values and rounded to the nearest whole cubic centimeter...

40 CFR 205.153 - Engine displacement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Engine displacement. 205.153 Section... TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT NOISE EMISSION CONTROLS Motorcycles § 205.153 Engine displacement. (a) Engine displacement must be calculated using nominal engine values and rounded to the nearest whole cubic centimeter...

40 CFR 205.153 - Engine displacement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Engine displacement. 205.153 Section... TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT NOISE EMISSION CONTROLS Motorcycles § 205.153 Engine displacement. (a) Engine displacement must be calculated using nominal engine values and rounded to the nearest whole cubic centimeter...

Teachers' Roles, Students' Personalities, Inquiry Learning Outcomes, and Practices of Science and Engineering: The Development and Validation of the McGill Attainment Value for Inquiry Engagement Survey in STEM Disciplines

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ibrahim, Ahmed; Aulls, Mark W.; Shore, Bruce M.

2017-01-01

Inquiry engagement is a newly defined construct that represents the participation in carrying out practices of science and engineering to achieve learning outcomes and is influenced by learners' personalities and teachers' roles. Expectancy value theory posits that attainment values are important components of task values that, in turn, directly…

Method for Determining Optimum Injector Inlet Geometry

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Myers, W. Neill (Inventor); Trinh, Huu P. (Inventor)

2015-01-01

A method for determining the optimum inlet geometry of a liquid rocket engine swirl injector includes obtaining a throttleable level phase value, volume flow rate, chamber pressure, liquid propellant density, inlet injector pressure, desired target spray angle and desired target optimum delta pressure value between an inlet and a chamber for a plurality of engine stages. The method calculates the tangential inlet area for each throttleable stage. The method also uses correlation between the tangential inlet areas and delta pressure values to calculate the spring displacement and variable inlet geometry of a liquid rocket engine swirl injector.

Value Engineering. "A Working Tool for Cost Control in the Design of Educational Facilities."

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lawrence, Jerry

Value Engineering (VE) is a cost optimizing technique used to analyze design quality and cost-effectiveness. The application of VE procedures to the design and construction of school facilities has been adopted by the state of Washington. By using VE, the optimum value for every life cycle dollar spent on a facility is obtained by identifying not…

An exploration of students' perceptions and attitudes towards creativity in engineering education

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Waller, David R.

This study used a mixed methods approach to develop a broad and deep understanding of students’ perceptions towards creativity in engineering education. Studies have shown that students’ attitudes can have an impact on their motivation to engage in creative behavior. Using an ex-post facto independent factorial design, attitudes of value towards creativity, time for creativity, and creativity stereotypes were measured and compared across gender, year of study, engineering discipline, preference for open-ended problem solving, and confidence in creative abilities. Participants were undergraduate engineering students at Queen’s University from all years of study. A qualitative phenomenological methodology was adopted to study students’ understandings and experiences with engineering creativity. Eleven students participated in oneon- one interviews that provided depth and insight into how students experience and define engineering creativity, and the survey included open-ended items developed using the 10 Maxims of Creativity in Education as a guiding framework. The findings from the survey suggested that students had high value for creativity, however students in fourth year or higher had less value than those in other years. Those with preference for open-ended problem solving and high confidence valued creative more than their counterparts. Students who preferred open-ended problem solving and students with high confidence reported that time was less of a hindrance to their creativity. Males identified more with creativity stereotypes than females, however overall they were both low. Open-ended survey and interview results indicated that students felt they experienced creativity in engineering design activities. Engineering creativity definitions had two elements: creative action and creative characteristic. Creative actions were associated with designing, and creative characteristics were predominantly associated with novelty. Other barriers that emerged from the qualitative analysis were lack of opportunity, lack of assessment, and discomfort with creativity. It was concluded that a universal definition is required to establish clear and aligned understandings of engineering creativity. Instructors may want to consider demonstrating value by assessing creativity and establishing clear criteria in design projects. It is recommended that students be given more opportunities for practice through design activities and that they be introduced to design and creative thinking concepts early in their engineering education.

A study of competence in mathematics and mechanics in an engineering curriculum

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Munns, Andrew

2017-11-01

Professional bodies expect engineers to show competence in both mathematics and engineering topics such as mechanics, using their abilities in both of these to solve problems. Yet within engineering programmes there is a phenomenon known as 'The Mathematics Problem', with students not demonstrating understanding of the subject. This paper will suggest that students are constructing different concept images in engineering and mathematics, based on their perception of either the use or exchange-value for the topics. Using a mixed methods approach, the paper compares 10 different types of concept image constructed by students, which suggests that familiar procedural images are preferred in mathematics. In contrast strategic and conceptual images develop for mechanics throughout the years of the programme, implying that different forms of competence are being constructed by students between the two subjects. The paper argues that this difference is attributed to the perceived use-value of mechanics in the career of the engineer, compared to the exchange-value associated with mathematics. Questions are raised about the relevance of current definitions of competence given that some routine mathematical operations previously performed by engineers are now being replaced by technology, in the new world of work.

Evaluation of advanced displays for engine monitoring and control

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Summers, L. G.

1993-01-01

The relative effectiveness of two advanced display concepts for monitoring engine performance for commercial transport aircraft was studied. The concepts were the Engine Monitoring and Control System (EMACS) display developed by NASA Langley and a display by exception design. Both of these concepts were based on the philosophy of providing information that is directly related to the pilot's task. Both concepts used a normalized thrust display. In addition, EMACS used column deviation indicators; i.e., the difference between the actual parameter value and the value predicted by an engine model, for engine health monitoring; while the Display by Exception displayed the engine parameters if the automated system detected a difference between the actual and the predicted values. The results showed that the advanced display concepts had shorter detection and response times. There were no differences in any of the results between manual and auto throttles. There were no effects upon perceived workload or performance on the primary flight task. The majority of pilots preferred the advanced displays and thought they were operationally acceptable. Certification of these concepts depends on the validation of the engine model. Recommendations are made to improve both the EMACS and the display by exception display formats.

40 CFR 86.419-78 - Engine displacement, motorcycle classes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 19 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Engine displacement, motorcycle... Emission Regulations for 1978 and Later New Motorcycles, General Provisions § 86.419-78 Engine displacement, motorcycle classes. (a)(1) Engine displacement shall be calculated using nominal engine values and rounded to...

40 CFR 86.419-2006 - Engine displacement, motorcycle classes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 19 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Engine displacement, motorcycle... displacement, motorcycle classes. (a)(1) Engine displacement shall be calculated using nominal engine values... reference in § 86.1). (2) For rotary engines, displacement means the maximum volume of a combustion chamber...

40 CFR 86.419-78 - Engine displacement, motorcycle classes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 18 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Engine displacement, motorcycle... Emission Regulations for 1978 and Later New Motorcycles, General Provisions § 86.419-78 Engine displacement, motorcycle classes. (a)(1) Engine displacement shall be calculated using nominal engine values and rounded to...

40 CFR 86.419-2006 - Engine displacement, motorcycle classes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 19 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Engine displacement, motorcycle... displacement, motorcycle classes. (a)(1) Engine displacement shall be calculated using nominal engine values... reference in § 86.1). (2) For rotary engines, displacement means the maximum volume of a combustion chamber...

40 CFR 86.419-78 - Engine displacement, motorcycle classes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 18 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Engine displacement, motorcycle... Emission Regulations for 1978 and Later New Motorcycles, General Provisions § 86.419-78 Engine displacement, motorcycle classes. (a)(1) Engine displacement shall be calculated using nominal engine values and rounded to...

40 CFR 86.419-78 - Engine displacement, motorcycle classes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 19 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Engine displacement, motorcycle... Emission Regulations for 1978 and Later New Motorcycles, General Provisions § 86.419-78 Engine displacement, motorcycle classes. (a)(1) Engine displacement shall be calculated using nominal engine values and rounded to...

40 CFR 86.419-2006 - Engine displacement, motorcycle classes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 19 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Engine displacement, motorcycle... displacement, motorcycle classes. (a)(1) Engine displacement shall be calculated using nominal engine values... reference in § 86.1). (2) For rotary engines, displacement means the maximum volume of a combustion chamber...

40 CFR 86.419-2006 - Engine displacement, motorcycle classes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 18 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Engine displacement, motorcycle... displacement, motorcycle classes. (a)(1) Engine displacement shall be calculated using nominal engine values... reference in § 86.1). (2) For rotary engines, displacement means the maximum volume of a combustion chamber...

40 CFR 86.419-78 - Engine displacement, motorcycle classes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 19 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Engine displacement, motorcycle... Emission Regulations for 1978 and Later New Motorcycles, General Provisions § 86.419-78 Engine displacement, motorcycle classes. (a)(1) Engine displacement shall be calculated using nominal engine values and rounded to...

40 CFR 86.419-2006 - Engine displacement, motorcycle classes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 18 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Engine displacement, motorcycle... displacement, motorcycle classes. (a)(1) Engine displacement shall be calculated using nominal engine values... reference in § 86.1). (2) For rotary engines, displacement means the maximum volume of a combustion chamber...

Value engineering and cost effectiveness of various fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) repair systems.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2006-06-01

Seventeen 40 year old C-Channel type prestressed concrete bridge girders and one impact damaged AASHTO : Type II prestressed concrete girder were tested under static and fatigue loading to determine the cost-effectiveness : and value engineering aspe...

Value Engineering for Bus Maintenance Facilities : Program Digest.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1987-04-01

Value Engineering (VE) is a procedure used to reduce the total cost of performing a required function, without sacrificing quality or safety. The concept of VE, which is over 40 years old, was primarily used in manufacturing industries and began to b...

Finding a Home in Engineering: Examining Students' Choice of Engineering Discipline

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ngambeki, Ida Busiime

2012-01-01

The decision to major in engineering and the selection of a discipline within engineering are two separate choices. Students who choose an engineering discipline that makes the best use of their skills and abilities, engages their interest, and aligns with their values, are more likely to thrive in the discipline of engineering they choose.…

Uncertainty in Calibration, Detection and Estimation of Metal Concentrations in Engine Plumes Using OPAD

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hopkins, Randall C.; Benzing, Daniel A.

1998-01-01

Improvements in uncertainties in the values of radiant intensity (I) can be accomplished mainly by improvements in the calibration process and in minimizing the difference between the background and engine plume radiance. For engine tests in which the plume is extremely bright, the difference in luminance between the calibration lamp and the engine plume radiance can be so large as to cause relatively large uncertainties in the values of R. This is due to the small aperture necessary on the receiving optics to avoid saturating the instrument. However, this is not a problem with the SSME engine since the liquid oxygen/hydrogen combustion is not as bright as some other fuels. Applying the instrumentation to other type engine tests may require a much brighter calibration lamp.

48 CFR 48.001 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... VALUE ENGINEERING 48.001 Definitions. As used in this subpart— Acquisition savings means savings resulting from the application of a value engineering change proposal (VECP) to contracts awarded by the...) Instant contract savings, that are the net cost reductions on the contract under which the VECP is...

Foundations for value education in engineering: the Indian experience.

PubMed

Gupta, Amitabha

2015-04-01

The objective of this paper is to discuss some of the foundational issues centering around the question of integrating education in human values with professional engineering education: its necessity and justification. The paper looks at the efforts in 'tuning' the technical education system in India to the national goals in the various phases of curriculum development. The contribution of the engineering profession in national development and India's self-sufficiency is crucially linked with the institutionalization of expertise and the role of morality and responsibility. This linkage can be created through a proper understanding of the social role of the profession-what motivates the professionals and what makes professional life meaningful. Value education facilitates the process of moral maturity and the development of a 'holistic' mindset. This paper deals with the need to create such a mindset, the human values associated with it and gives examples of efforts to impart such education through 'action-oriented' programmes introduced in some institutes of engineering in India.

Aesthetics and ethics in engineering: insights from Polanyi.

PubMed

Dias, Priyan

2011-06-01

Polanyi insisted that scientific knowledge was intensely personal in nature, though held with universal intent. His insights regarding the personal values of beauty and morality in science are first enunciated. These are then explored for their relevance to engineering. It is shown that the practice of engineering is also governed by aesthetics and ethics. For example, Polanyi's three spheres of morality in science--that of the individual scientist, the scientific community and the wider society--has parallel entities in engineering. The existence of shared values in engineering is also demonstrated, in aesthetics through an example that shows convergence of practitioner opinion to solutions that represent accepted models of aesthetics; and in ethics through the recognition that many professional engineering institutions hold that the safety of the public supersedes the interests of the client. Such professional consensus can be seen as justification for studying engineering aesthetics and ethics as inter-subjective disciplines.

Component Cost Reduction by Value Engineering: A Case Study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kalluri, Vinayak; Kodali, Rambabu

2017-04-01

The concept value engineering (VE) acts to increase the value of a product through the improvement in existent functions without increasing their costs. In other words, VE is a function oriented, systematic team approach study to provide value in a product, system or service. The authors systematically explore VE through the six step framework proposed by SAVE and a case study is presented to address the concern of reduction in cost without compromising the function of a hydraulic steering cylinder through the aforementioned VE framework.

Cost effective simulation-based multiobjective optimization in the performance of an internal combustion engine

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aittokoski, Timo; Miettinen, Kaisa

2008-07-01

Solving real-life engineering problems can be difficult because they often have multiple conflicting objectives, the objective functions involved are highly nonlinear and they contain multiple local minima. Furthermore, function values are often produced via a time-consuming simulation process. These facts suggest the need for an automated optimization tool that is efficient (in terms of number of objective function evaluations) and capable of solving global and multiobjective optimization problems. In this article, the requirements on a general simulation-based optimization system are discussed and such a system is applied to optimize the performance of a two-stroke combustion engine. In the example of a simulation-based optimization problem, the dimensions and shape of the exhaust pipe of a two-stroke engine are altered, and values of three conflicting objective functions are optimized. These values are derived from power output characteristics of the engine. The optimization approach involves interactive multiobjective optimization and provides a convenient tool to balance between conflicting objectives and to find good solutions.

Microbial production of value-added nutraceuticals.

PubMed

Wang, Jian; Guleria, Sanjay; Koffas, Mattheos Ag; Yan, Yajun

2016-02-01

Nutraceuticals are important natural bioactive compounds that confer health-promoting and medical benefits to humans. Globally growing demands for value-added nutraceuticals for prevention and treatment of human diseases have rendered nutraceuticals a multi-billion dollar market. However, supply limitations and extraction difficulties from natural sources such as plants, animals or fungi, restrict the large-scale use of nutraceuticals. Metabolic engineering via microbial production platforms has been advanced as an eco-friendly alternative approach for production of value-added nutraceuticals from simple carbon sources. Microbial platforms like the most widely used Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been engineered as versatile cell factories for production of diverse and complex value-added chemicals such as phytochemicals, prebiotics, polysaccaharides and poly amino acids. This review highlights the recent progresses in biological production of value-added nutraceuticals via metabolic engineering approaches. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Increasing public support for food-industry related, obesity prevention policies: The role of a taste-engineering frame and contextualized values.

PubMed

Ortiz, Selena E; Zimmerman, Frederick J; Adler, Gary J

2016-05-01

Support for policies to combat obesity is often undermined by a public sense that obesity is largely a matter of personal responsibility. Industry rhetoric is a major contributor to this perception, as the soda/fast food/big food companies emphasize choice and individual agency in their efforts to neutralize policies that are burdensome. Yet obesity experts recognize that environmental forces play a major role in obesity. We investigate whether exposure to a taste-engineering frame increases support for food and beverage policies that address obesity. A taste-engineering frame details strategies used by the food industry to engineer preferences and increase the over-consumption of processed foods and sugary beverages. We also examine the effects of exposure to two contextualized values that have recently been promoted in expert discourse-consumer knowledge and consumer safety - on public support of policies. Our research shows how causal frames and contextualized values may effectively produce support for new obesity policies. We use an online survey experiment to test the effects of exposure to a taste-engineering frame (TEF), the value of consumer knowledge (CK), or the value of consumer safety (CS), on level of support for a range of policies. A random sample of adults, age 18 + living in the United States was included in the study (N = 2580). Ordered logistic regression was used to measure the effects of treatment exposure. The primary outcome was level-of-support for four (4) food-industry related, obesity prevention policies (aka food and beverage policies): 1) require food-manufacturers to disclose the amount of additives in food products on food packaging; 2) require food-manufacturers to advertise food products in accordance with their actual nutritional value; 3) prohibit all high-fat, high-sugar food advertising on television programming watched primarily by children; and 4) increase healthy food availability in work sites, schools, and hospitals. These data suggest that a taste-engineering frame and contextualized values significantly increase public support for many of the food and beverage policies tested. Applying a taste-engineering frame and/or contextualized values to address obesity advances a population-based policy agenda to counteract the effects of food-industry strategies. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Gas Station Pricing Game: A Lesson in Engineering Economics and Business Strategies.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sin, Aaron; Center, Alfred M.

2002-01-01

Describes an educational game designed for engineering majors that demonstrates engineering economics and business strategies, specifically the concepts of customer perception of product value, convenience, and price differentiation. (YDS)

Fault Identification Based on Nlpca in Complex Electrical Engineering

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Yagang; Wang, Zengping; Zhang, Jinfang

2012-07-01

The fault is inevitable in any complex systems engineering. Electric power system is essentially a typically nonlinear system. It is also one of the most complex artificial systems in this world. In our researches, based on the real-time measurements of phasor measurement unit, under the influence of white Gaussian noise (suppose the standard deviation is 0.01, and the mean error is 0), we used mainly nonlinear principal component analysis theory (NLPCA) to resolve fault identification problem in complex electrical engineering. The simulation results show that the fault in complex electrical engineering is usually corresponding to the variable with the maximum absolute value coefficient in the first principal component. These researches will have significant theoretical value and engineering practical significance.

Aspects of the BPRIM Language for Risk Driven Process Engineering

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sienou, Amadou; Lamine, Elyes; Pingaud, Hervé; Karduck, Achim

Nowadays organizations are exposed to frequent changes in business environment requiring continuous alignment of business processes on business strategies. This agility requires methods promoted in enterprise engineering approaches. Risk consideration in enterprise engineering is getting important since the business environment is becoming more and more competitive and unpredictable. Business processes are subject to the same quality requirements as material and human resources. Thus, process management is supposed to tackle value creation challenges but also the ones related to value preservation. Our research considers risk driven business process design as an integral part of enterprise engineering. A graphical modelling language for risk driven business process engineering was introduced in former research. This paper extends the language and handles questions related to modelling risk in organisational context.

Microbial chemical factories: recent advances in pathway engineering for synthesis of value added chemicals.

PubMed

Dhamankar, Himanshu; Prather, Kristala L J

2011-08-01

The dwindling nature of petroleum and other fossil reserves has provided impetus towards microbial synthesis of fuels and value added chemicals from biomass-derived sugars as a renewable resource. Microbes have naturally evolved enzymes and pathways that can convert biomass into hundreds of unique chemical structures, a property that can be effectively exploited for their engineering into Microbial Chemical Factories (MCFs). De novo pathway engineering facilitates expansion of the repertoire of microbially synthesized compounds beyond natural products. In this review, we visit some recent successes in such novel pathway engineering and optimization, with particular emphasis on the selection and engineering of pathway enzymes and balancing of their accessory cofactors. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Value engineering and cost effectiveness of various fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) repair systems : final report, June 2007.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2007-06-01

This report is an extension to the final report for NCDOT project 2004-15 Value Engineering and Cost-Effectiveness of : Various Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRP) Repair Systems, submitted in June 2005. In that report, seventeen 30-ft long : prest...

48 CFR 48.105 - Relationship to other incentives.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... should not be rewarded both as value engineering shares and under performance, design-to-cost, or similar incentives of the contract. To that end, when performance, design-to-cost, or similar targets are set and... CONTRACT MANAGEMENT VALUE ENGINEERING Policies and Procedures 48.105 Relationship to other incentives...

48 CFR 48.105 - Relationship to other incentives.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... should not be rewarded both as value engineering shares and under performance, design-to-cost, or similar incentives of the contract. To that end, when performance, design-to-cost, or similar targets are set and... CONTRACT MANAGEMENT VALUE ENGINEERING Policies and Procedures 48.105 Relationship to other incentives...

48 CFR 48.105 - Relationship to other incentives.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... should not be rewarded both as value engineering shares and under performance, design-to-cost, or similar incentives of the contract. To that end, when performance, design-to-cost, or similar targets are set and... CONTRACT MANAGEMENT VALUE ENGINEERING Policies and Procedures 48.105 Relationship to other incentives...

An experiment of used palm oil refinery using the value engineering method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sumiati; Waluyo, M.

2018-01-01

Palm Oil is one of prime materials which very necessary for Indonesia. In the development of palm oil industry the constraint which faced is raw material availability and the economic crisis that attack Indonesia which cause increasing of cost industry so that the salaes price become very expensive . With using alternative raw material namely used palm oil them be made palm oil design to solve this problems. In the designing which comply the consideration of good pal oil planning aspect be use value engineer study. While the criteria parameter of hygienic palm oil which obtained from the questioner area free fatty acid, water content, Iodine number, peroxide number, odor, taste and the color. The research which use value engineer study is throught any phase that is information phase, analyzes phase, creative phase, development phase and presentation phase. This research began with doing the identification of palm oil demand, continued by methodology development in order to measure oil design. By using creative process could be obtained flow rate position, the amount of adsorbent and the best settling time for palm oil alternative that is in the flow rate 70 ml/sec, 4% of adsorbent and the 70 minute for the settling time with free fatty acid value: 0.299. While the best palm oil alternative are palm oil with free fatty acid value = 0.299, water content = 0.31, Iodine number = 40.08, Peroxide number = 3.72, odor and taste = Normal, the color = Normal. The Evalution which done by value engineer study generate the value from alternative palm oil is 1.330 and market palm oil 1.392. Thus, can be conclude thet the value engineer study can be good implemented in the alternative palm oil planning so that alternative palm oil can be produced largely because they have better value that market palm oil and appropriate for little industries.

An Anaylsis of Control Requirements and Control Parameters for Direct-Coupled Turbojet Engines

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Novik, David; Otto, Edward W.

1947-01-01

Requirements of an automatic engine control, as affected by engine characteristics, have been analyzed for a direct-coupled turbojet engine. Control parameters for various conditions of engine operation are discussed. A hypothetical engine control is presented to illustrate the use of these parameters. An adjustable speed governor was found to offer a desirable method of over-all engine control. The selection of a minimum value of fuel flow was found to offer a means of preventing unstable burner operation during steady-state operation. Until satisfactory high-temperature-measuring devices are developed, air-fuel ratio is considered to be a satisfactory acceleration-control parameter for the attainment of the maximum acceleration rates consistent with safe turbine temperatures. No danger of unstable burner operation exists during acceleration if a temperature-limiting acceleration control is assumed to be effective. Deceleration was found to be accompanied by the possibility of burner blow-out even if a minimum fuel-flow control that prevents burner blow-out during steady-state operation is assumed to be effective. Burner blow-out during deceleration may be eliminated by varying the value of minimum fuel flow as a function of compressor-discharge pressure, but in no case should the fuel flow be allowed to fall below the value required for steady-state burner operation.

The Effects Of Gender, Engineering Identification, and Engineering Program Expectancy On Engineering Career Intentions: Applying Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) In Engineering Education Research

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tendhar, Chosang; Paretti, Marie C.; Jones, Brett D.

2017-01-01

This study had three purposes and four hypotheses were tested. Three purposes: (1) To use hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) to investigate whether students' perceptions of their engineering career intentions changed over time; (2) To use HLM to test the effects of gender, engineering identification (the degree to which an individual values a…

African American Adolescent Female Identification with Engineering and Participation in Engineering Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cornick, Shayla L.

2012-01-01

Experiences that females have during middle and high school have been found to influence the perceptions that they have of their ability to be successful as an engineer and the value that they place on participating in engineering education. Engineering education continues to suffer from a lack of female participation. Several efforts have been…

40 CFR 94.105 - Duty cycles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...) General cycle. Propulsion engines that are used with (or intended to be used with) fixed-pitch propellers, propeller-law auxiliary engines, and any other engines for which the other duty cycles of this section do... value. (c) Variable-pitch and electrically coupled propellers. (1) Constant-speed propulsion engines...

40 CFR 94.105 - Duty cycles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...) General cycle. Propulsion engines that are used with (or intended to be used with) fixed-pitch propellers, propeller-law auxiliary engines, and any other engines for which the other duty cycles of this section do... value. (c) Variable-pitch and electrically coupled propellers. (1) Constant-speed propulsion engines...

40 CFR 94.105 - Duty cycles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...) General cycle. Propulsion engines that are used with (or intended to be used with) fixed-pitch propellers, propeller-law auxiliary engines, and any other engines for which the other duty cycles of this section do... value. (c) Variable-pitch and electrically coupled propellers. (1) Constant-speed propulsion engines...

40 CFR 94.105 - Duty cycles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) General cycle. Propulsion engines that are used with (or intended to be used with) fixed-pitch propellers, propeller-law auxiliary engines, and any other engines for which the other duty cycles of this section do... value. (c) Variable-pitch and electrically coupled propellers. (1) Constant-speed propulsion engines...

NASA/DOD Aerospace Knowledge Diffusion Research Project. Paper 47: The value of computer networks in aerospace

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bishop, Ann Peterson; Pinelli, Thomas E.

1995-01-01

This paper presents data on the value of computer networks that were obtained from a national survey of 2000 aerospace engineers that was conducted in 1993. Survey respondents reported the extent to which they used computer networks in their work and communication and offered their assessments of the value of various network types and applications. They also provided information about the positive impacts of networks on their work, which presents another perspective on value. Finally, aerospace engineers' recommendations on network implementation present suggestions for increasing the value of computer networks within aerospace organizations.

Anticipatory ethics for a future Internet: analyzing values during the design of an Internet infrastructure.

PubMed

Shilton, Katie

2015-02-01

The technical details of Internet architecture affect social debates about privacy and autonomy, intellectual property, cybersecurity, and the basic performance and reliability of Internet services. This paper explores one method for practicing anticipatory ethics in order to understand how a new infrastructure for the Internet might impact these social debates. This paper systematically examines values expressed by an Internet architecture engineering team-the Named Data Networking project-based on data gathered from publications and internal documents. Networking engineers making technical choices also weigh non-technical values when working on Internet infrastructure. Analysis of the team's documents reveals both values invoked in response to technical constraints and possibilities, such as efficiency and dynamism, as well as values, including privacy, security and anonymity, which stem from a concern for personal liberties. More peripheral communitarian values espoused by the engineers include democratization and trust. The paper considers the contextual and social origins of these values, and then uses them as a method of practicing anticipatory ethics: considering the impact such priorities may have on a future Internet.

Physical properties of recycled PET non-woven fabrics for buildings

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Üstün Çetin, S.; Tayyar, A. E.

2017-10-01

Recycled fibers have been commonly used in non-woven production technology for engineering applications such as textile engineering and civil engineering. Nonwovens including recycled fibers can be utilized in insulation, roofing and floor separation applications. In this study, physical performance properties such as drape, bending resistance, tensile strength, and breaking elongation values of non-woven fabrics consisting of v-PET (virgin) and r-PET (recycled) fibers in five different blend ratios are examined comparatively. The test results indicated that r-PET can be used in non-wovens for civil engineering applications such as insulation, roofing and floor separation fulfilling the acceptable quality level values.

A Phenomenographic Investigation of the Ways Engineering Students Experience Innovation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fila, Nicholas David

2017-01-01

Innovation has become an important phenomenon in engineering and engineering education. By developing novel, feasible, viable, and valued solutions to complex technical and human problems, engineers support the economic competitiveness of organizations, make a difference in the lives of users and other stakeholders, drive societal and scientific…

"Human Nature": Chemical Engineering Students' Ideas about Human Relationships with the Natural World

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goldman, Daphne; Assaraf, Orit Ben-Zvi; Shemesh, Julia

2014-01-01

While importance of environmental ethics, as a component of sustainable development, in preparing engineers is widely acknowledged, little research has addressed chemical engineers' environmental concerns. This study aimed to address this void by exploring chemical engineering students' values regarding human-nature relationships. The study was…

40 CFR 1042.840 - Application requirements for remanufactured engines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... other basic parameters of the engine's design and emission controls. List the fuel type on which your engines are designed to operate (for example, ultra low-sulfur diesel fuel). List each distinguishable... and the range of values for maximum engine power resulting from production tolerances, as described in...

40 CFR 1042.840 - Application requirements for remanufactured engines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... other basic parameters of the engine's design and emission controls. List the fuel type on which your engines are designed to operate (for example, ultra low-sulfur diesel fuel). List each distinguishable... and the range of values for maximum engine power resulting from production tolerances, as described in...

Engineering for All: Classroom Implementation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hacker, Michael; Cavanaugh, Sandra; DeHaan, Chris; Longware, Alta Jo; McGuire, Matt; Plummer, Matthew

2018-01-01

This is the second of two articles about the National Science Foundation-funded Engineering for All (EfA) program which focuses on engineering as a potential social good, revisits major Technology and Engineering (T&E) themes (design, modeling, systems, resources, and human values) in two authentic social contexts (Food and Water), and uses…

Engineering and Narrative: Literary Prerequisites as Indirect Communication for Technical Writing

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jeyaraj, Joseph

2014-01-01

While Engineering values direct communication, indirect communication produces a kind of literacy salient for engineers that direct communication may not offer in the way indirect communication does. This article emphasizes the inadequacies of overly emphasizing direct communication for Engineering majors and explains how teaching indirect…

The Nazi engineers: reflections on technological ethics in hell.

PubMed

Katz, Eric

2011-09-01

Engineers, architects, and other technological professionals designed the genocidal death machines of the Third Reich. The death camp operations were highly efficient, so these technological professionals knew what they were doing: they were, so to speak, good engineers. As an educator at a technological university, I need to explain to my students-future engineers and architects-the motivations and ethical reasoning of the technological professionals of the Third Reich. I need to educate my students in the ethical practices of this hellish regime so that they can avoid the kind of ethical justifications used by the Nazi engineers. In their own professional lives, my former students should not only be good engineers in a technical sense, but good engineers in a moral sense. In this essay, I examine several arguments about the ethical judgments of professionals in Nazi Germany, and attempt a synthesis that can provide a lesson for contemporary engineers and other technological professionals. How does an engineer avoid the error of the Nazi engineers in their embrace of an evil ideology underlying their technological creations? How does an engineer know that the values he embodies through his technological products are good values that will lead to a better world? This last question, I believe, is the fundamental issue for the understanding of engineering ethics.

40 CFR 86.513 - Fuel and engine lubricant specifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Regulations for 1978 and Later New Motorcycles; Test Procedures § 86.513 Fuel and engine lubricant... of § 86.513—Gasoline Test Fuel Specifications Item Value Procedure 1 Distillation Range: 1. Initial... of § 86.513—Natural Gas Test Fuel Specifications Item Value 1 Methane, CH4 Minimum, 89.0 mole percent...

40 CFR 86.345-79 - Emission calculations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... gasoline-fueled engine test from the pre-test data. Apply the Y value to the K W equation for the entire test. (5) Calculate a separate Y value for each Diesel test segment from the pretest-segment data... New Gasoline-Fueled and Diesel-Fueled Heavy-Duty Engines; Gaseous Exhaust Test Procedures § 86.345-79...

40 CFR 86.345-79 - Emission calculations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... gasoline-fueled engine test from the pre-test data. Apply the Y value to the K W equation for the entire test. (5) Calculate a separate Y value for each Diesel test segment from the pretest-segment data... New Gasoline-Fueled and Diesel-Fueled Heavy-Duty Engines; Gaseous Exhaust Test Procedures § 86.345-79...

40 CFR 86.345-79 - Emission calculations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... gasoline-fueled engine test from the pre-test data. Apply the Y value to the K W equation for the entire test. (5) Calculate a separate Y value for each Diesel test segment from the pretest-segment data... New Gasoline-Fueled and Diesel-Fueled Heavy-Duty Engines; Gaseous Exhaust Test Procedures § 86.345-79...

40 CFR 86.345-79 - Emission calculations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... gasoline-fueled engine test from the pre-test data. Apply the Y value to the K W equation for the entire test. (5) Calculate a separate Y value for each Diesel test segment from the pretest-segment data... New Gasoline-Fueled and Diesel-Fueled Heavy-Duty Engines; Gaseous Exhaust Test Procedures § 86.345-79...

Value Engineering. Technical Manual. School Facilities Development Procedures Manual.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Washington Office of the State Superintendent of Public Instruction, Olympia.

Value Engineering (VE) is a cost-optimizing technique used to analyze design quality and cost-effectiveness. The application of VE procedures to the design and construction of school facilities has been adopted by the state of Washington. This technical manual provides guidance in developing the scope and applicability of VE to school projects; in…

Interrogation of possible imaging conditions for radiation sensitive metal organic frameworks in transmission electron microscopes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Patel, Harinkumar Rajendrabhai

One of the main area of research currently in air-breathing propulsion is increasing the fuel efficiency of engines. Increasing fuel efficiency of an air-breathing engine will be advantageous for civil transport as well as military aircraft. This objective can be achieved in several ways. Present design models are developed based on their uses: commercial transport, high range rescue aircraft, military aircraft. One of the main property of military aircraft is possessing high thrust but increasing fuel efficiency will also be advantageous resulting in more time in combat. Today's engine design operates best at their design point and has reduced thrust and high fuel consumption values in off-design. The adaptive cycle engine concept was introduced to overcome this problem. The adaptive cycle engine is a variable cycle engine concept equipped with an extra bypass (3rd bypass) stream. This engine varies the bypass ratio and the fan pressure ratio, the two main parameters affecting thrust and fuel consumption values of the engine. In cruise, more flow will flow through the third stream resulting in the high bypass engine giving lower fuel consumption. on the other hand, the engine will act as a low bypass engine producing more thrust by allowing more air to flow through core while in combat. The simulation of this engine was carried out using the Numerical Propulsion System Simulation (NPSS) software. The effect of the bypass ratio and the fan pressure ratio along with Mach number were studied. After the parametric variation study, the mixture configuration was also studied. Once the effect of the parameters were understood, the best design operating point configuration was selected and then the engine performance for off-design was calculated. Optimum values of bypass ratio and fan pressure ratio were also obtained for each altitude selected for off-design performance.

Retooling Predictive Relations for non-volatile PM by Comparison to Measurements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vander Wal, R. L.; Abrahamson, J. P.

2015-12-01

Non-volatile particulate matter (nvPM) emissions from jet aircraft at cruise altitude are of particular interest for climate and atmospheric processes but are difficult to measure and are normally approximated. To provide such inventory estimates the present approach is to use measured, ground-based values with scaling to cruise (engine operating) conditions. Several points are raised by this approach. First is what ground based values to use. Empirical and semi-empirical approaches, such as the revised first order approximation (FOA3) and formation-oxidation (FOX) methods, each with embedded assumptions are available to calculate a ground-based black carbon concentration, CBC. Second is the scaling relation that can depend upon the ratios of fuel-air equivalence, pressure, and combustor flame temperature. We are using measured ground-based values to evaluate the accuracy of present methods towards developing alternative methods for CBCby smoke number or via a semi-empirical kinetic method for the specific engine, CFM56-2C, representative of a rich-dome style combustor, and as one of the most prevalent engine families in commercial use. Applying scaling relations to measured ground based values and comparison to measurements at cruise evaluates the accuracy of current scaling formalism. In partnership with GE Aviation, performing engine cycle deck calculations enables critical comparison between estimated or predicted thermodynamic parameters and true (engine) operational values for the CFM56-2C engine. Such specific comparisons allow tracing differences between predictive estimates for, and measurements of nvPM to their origin - as either divergence of input parameters or in the functional form of the predictive relations. Such insights will lead to development of new predictive tools for jet aircraft nvPM emissions. Such validated relations can then be extended to alternative fuels with confidence in operational thermodynamic values and functional form. Comparisons will then be made between these new predictive relationships and measurements of nvPM from alternative fuels using ground and cruise data - as collected during NASA-led AAFEX and ACCESS field campaigns, respectively.

Laboratory Evaluation of Novel Particulate Control Concepts for Jet Engine Test Cells.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-12-01

HHV = Fuel higher heating value, btu/lb. tH = Heat of reaction, btu/Ib. KE = Kinetic energy, btu/hr. LHV = Lower heating value, btu/lb. M = Mass flow...the fuel bond energy must be the lower heating value ( LHV = AH of combustion with water as a vapor product). Therefore, the HHV must be corrected by... fuel . .- 7 This component is negligible for jet engines operated on uncontaminated turbine fuels . C. ALTERNATIVES AVAILABLE Several alternatives have

Systems Engineering Knowledge Asset (SEKA) Management for Higher Performing Engineering Teams: People, Process and Technology toward Effective Knowledge-Workers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shelby, Kenneth R., Jr.

2013-01-01

Systems engineering teams' value-creation for enterprises is slower than possible due to inefficiencies in communication, learning, common knowledge collaboration and leadership conduct. This dissertation outlines the surrounding people, process and technology dimensions for higher performing engineering teams. It describes a true experiment…

Engineering America's Future in Space: Systems Engineering Innovations for Sustainable Exploration

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dumbacher, Daniel L.; Caruso, Pamela W.; Jones, Carl P.

2008-01-01

This viewgraph presentation reviews systems engineering innovations for Ares I and Ares V launch vehicles. The contents include: 1) NASA's Exploratoin Roadmap; 2) Launch Vehicle Comparisons; 3) Designing the Ares I and Ares V in House; 4) Exploring the Moon; and 5) Systems Engineering Adds Value Throughout the Project Lifecycle.

Characteristics and Dietary Patterns of Adolescents Who Value Eating Locally Grown, Organic, Nongenetically Engineered, and Nonprocessed Food

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Robinson-O'Brien, Ramona; Larson, Nicole; Neumark-Sztainer, Dianne; Stat, Peter Hannan M.; Story, Mary

2009-01-01

Objective: To examine characteristics of adolescents who value eating locally grown, organic, nongenetically engineered, and/or nonprocessed food and whether they are more likely than their peers to meet Healthy People 2010 dietary objectives. Design: Cross-sectional analysis using data from a population-based study in Minnesota (Project EAT:…

Communicating Your Findings in Engineering Education: The Value of Making Your Theoretical Perspective Explicit

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jawitz, Jeff; Case, Jennifer

2009-01-01

The authors observe that many research papers in engineering education do not explicitly state the theoretical perspective underpinning their work. In this article they argue for the value of theory in assisting researchers in communicating their research findings. Three theoretical perspectives that can be used to support one's research are…

Matrix Perturbation Techniques in Structural Dynamics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Caughey, T. K.

1973-01-01

Matrix perturbation are developed techniques which can be used in the dynamical analysis of structures where the range of numerical values in the matrices extreme or where the nature of the damping matrix requires that complex valued eigenvalues and eigenvectors be used. The techniques can be advantageously used in a variety of fields such as earthquake engineering, ocean engineering, aerospace engineering and other fields concerned with the dynamical analysis of large complex structures or systems of second order differential equations. A number of simple examples are included to illustrate the techniques.

Cost/benefit analysis of advanced materials technologies for future aircraft turbine engines

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stephens, G. E.

1980-01-01

The materials technologies studied included thermal barrier coatings for turbine airfoils, turbine disks, cases, turbine vanes and engine and nacelle composite materials. The cost/benefit of each technology was determined in terms of Relative Value defined as change in return on investment times probability of success divided by development cost. A recommended final ranking of technologies was based primarily on consideration of Relative Values with secondary consideration given to changes in other economic parameters. Technologies showing the most promising cost/benefits were thermal barrier coated temperature nacelle/engine system composites.

Inspiring engineering minds to advance human health: the Henry Samueli School of Engineering's Department of BME.

PubMed

Lee, Abraham; Wirtanen, Erik

2012-07-01

The growth of biomedical engineering at The Henry Samueli School of Engineering at the University of California, Irvine (UCI) has been rapid since the Center for Biomedical Engineering was first formed in 1998 [and was later renamed as the Department of Biomedical Engineering (BME) in 2002]. Our current mission statement, “Inspiring Engineering Minds to Advance Human Health,” serves as a reminder of why we exist, what we do, and the core principles that we value and by which we abide. BME exists to advance the state of human health via engineering innovation and practices. To attain our goal, we are empowering our faculty to inspire and mobilize our students to address health problems. We treasure the human being, particularly the human mind and health. We believe that BME is where minds are nurtured, challenged, and disciplined, and it is also where the health of the human is held as a core mission value that deserves our utmost priority (Figure 1). Advancing human health is not a theoretical practice; it requires bridging between disciplines (engineering and medicine) and between communities (academic and industry).

7 Processes that Enable NASA Software Engineering Technologies: Value-Added Process Engineering

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Housch, Helen; Godfrey, Sally

2011-01-01

The presentation reviews Agency process requirements and the purpose, benefits, and experiences or seven software engineering processes. The processes include: product integration, configuration management, verification, software assurance, measurement and analysis, requirements management, and planning and monitoring.

PROFESSIONAL REGISTRATION OF GOVERNMENT ENGINEERS.

USGS Publications Warehouse

Buchanan, Thomas J.

1985-01-01

The American Society of Civil Engineers views professional registration as an appropriate requirement for engineers, including those in government. The National Society of Professional Engineers makes registration a requirement for the grade of member and full privileges in the society. Some Federal agencies require engineering registration for certain positions in their agencies. Engineers in government service should consider the value of engineering registration to themselves and to their agencies and take pride in their professions and in their own capabilities by becoming registered engineers. They should also take steps to encourage their agencies to give more attention to engineering registration.

Evaluation of Military Fuels Using a Ford 6.7L Powerstroke Diesel Engine

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-08-01

natural steady state values during idle testing steps. Engine oil cooler plumbing was factory integrated to the engine water jacket, thus not...Innospec Fuel Specialties DCI-4A. Per QPL-25017, the minimum effective treat rate of DCI-4A required an additive concentration level of 9ppm in the...dynamometer was used to control engine speed and dissipate load. Engine load was manipulated through the actuation of the engine throttle pedal assembly

Metal Matrix Composites: Custom-made Materials for Automotive and Aerospace Engineering

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kainer, Karl U.

2006-02-01

Since the properties of MMCs can be directly designed "into" the material, they can fulfill all the demands set by design engineers. This book surveys the latest results and development possibilities for MMCs as engineering and functional materials, making it of utmost value to all materials scientists and engineers seeking in-depth background information on the potentials these materials have to offer in research, development and design engineering.

Propulsion Technology Lifecycle Operational Analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Robinson, John W.; Rhodes, Russell E.

2010-01-01

The paper presents the results of a focused effort performed by the members of the Space Propulsion Synergy Team (SPST) Functional Requirements Sub-team to develop propulsion data to support Advanced Technology Lifecycle Analysis System (ATLAS). This is a spreadsheet application to analyze the impact of technology decisions at a system-of-systems level. Results are summarized in an Excel workbook we call the Technology Tool Box (TTB). The TTB provides data for technology performance, operations, and programmatic parameters in the form of a library of technical information to support analysis tools and/or models. The lifecycle of technologies can be analyzed from this data and particularly useful for system operations involving long running missions. The propulsion technologies in this paper are listed against Chemical Rocket Engines in a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) format. The overall effort involved establishing four elements: (1) A general purpose Functional System Breakdown Structure (FSBS). (2) Operational Requirements for Rocket Engines. (3) Technology Metric Values associated with Operating Systems (4) Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) of Chemical Rocket Engines The list of Chemical Rocket Engines identified in the WBS is by no means complete. It is planned to update the TTB with a more complete list of available Chemical Rocket Engines for United States (US) engines and add the Foreign rocket engines to the WBS which are available to NASA and the Aerospace Industry. The Operational Technology Metric Values were derived by the SPST Sub-team in the form of the TTB and establishes a database for users to help evaluate and establish the technology level of each Chemical Rocket Engine in the database. The Technology Metric Values will serve as a guide to help determine which rocket engine to invest technology money in for future development.

The Value of Successful MBSE Adoption

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Parrott, Edith

2016-01-01

The value of successful adoption of Model Based System Engineering (MBSE) practices is hard to quantify. Most engineers and project managers look at the success in terms of cost. But there are other ways to quantify the value of MBSE and the steps necessary to achieve adoption. The Glenn Research Center (GRC) has been doing Model-Based Engineering (design, structural, etc.) for years, but the system engineering side has not. Since 2010, GRC has been moving from documents centric to MBSE/SysML. Project adoption of MBSE has been slow, but is steadily increasing in both MBSE usage and complexity of generated products. Sharing of knowledge of lessons learned in the implementation of MBSE/SysML is key for others who want to be successful. Along with GRC's implementation, NASA is working hard to increase the successful implementation of MBSE across all the other centers by developing guidelines, templates and libraries for projects to utilize. This presentation will provide insight into recent GRC and NASA adoption efforts, lessons learned and best practices.

40 CFR 86.1105-87 - Emission standards for which nonconformance penalties are available.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...-fueled light heavy-duty diesel engines: (A) The following values shall be used to calculate an NCP in... heavy-duty diesel engines: (A) The following values shall be used to calculate an NCP in accordance with... component of the NCP in accordance with § 86.1113-87(h): 0.11. (iii) For petroleum-fueled heavy-duty diesel...

A Coupling Analysis Approach to Capture Unexpected Behaviors in Ares 1

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kis, David

Coupling of physics in large-scale complex engineering systems must be correctly accounted for during the systems engineering process. Preliminary corrections ensure no unanticipated behaviors arise during operation. Structural vibration of large segmented solid rocket motors, known as thrust oscillation, is a well-documented problem that can effect solid rocket motors in adverse ways. Within the Ares 1 rocket, unexpected vibrations deemed potentially harmful to future crew were recorded during late stage flight that propagated from the engine chamber to the Orion crew module. This research proposes the use of a coupling strength analysis during the design and development phase to identify potential unanticipated behaviors such as thrust oscillation. Once these behaviors and couplings are identified then a value function, based on research in Value Driven Design, is proposed to evaluate mitigation strategies and their impact on system value. The results from this study showcase a strong coupling interaction from structural displacement back onto the fluid flow of the Ares 1 that was previously deemed inconsequential. These findings show that the use of a coupling strength analysis can aid engineers and managers in identifying unanticipated behaviors and then rank order their importance based on the impact they have on value.

Investigation of dynamic characteristics of a turbine-propeller engine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Oppenheimer, Frank L; Jacques, James R

1951-01-01

Time constants that characterize engine speed response of a turbine-propeller engine over the cruising speed range for various values of constant fuel flow and constant blade angle were obtained both from steady-state characteristics and from transient operation. Magnitude of speed response to changes in fuel flow and blade angle was investigated and is presented in the form of gain factors. Results indicate that at any given value of speed in the engine cruising speed range, time constants obtained both from steady-state characteristics and from transient operation agree satisfactorily for any given constant fuel flow, whereas time constants obtained from transient operation exceed time constants obtained from steady-state characteristics by approximately 14 percent for any given blade angle.

40 CFR 90.703 - Production line testing by the manufacturer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) Manufacturers of small SI engines shall test production line engines from each engine family according to the... recommended to the ultimate purchaser, unless otherwise specified by the Administrator. The Administrator may specify values within or without the range recommended to the ultimate purchaser. ...

40 CFR 63.1412 - Continuous process vent applicability assessment procedures and methods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... engineering principles, measurable process parameters, or physical or chemical laws or properties. Examples of... values, and engineering assessment control applicability assessment requirements are to be determined... by using the engineering assessment procedures in paragraph (k) of this section. (f) Volumetric flow...

40 CFR 63.1412 - Continuous process vent applicability assessment procedures and methods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... engineering principles, measurable process parameters, or physical or chemical laws or properties. Examples of... values, and engineering assessment control applicability assessment requirements are to be determined... by using the engineering assessment procedures in paragraph (k) of this section. (f) Volumetric flow...

40 CFR 63.1412 - Continuous process vent applicability assessment procedures and methods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... engineering principles, measurable process parameters, or physical or chemical laws or properties. Examples of... values, and engineering assessment control applicability assessment requirements are to be determined... by using the engineering assessment procedures in paragraph (k) of this section. (f) Volumetric flow...

40 CFR 63.1412 - Continuous process vent applicability assessment procedures and methods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... engineering principles, measurable process parameters, or physical or chemical laws or properties. Examples of... values, and engineering assessment control applicability assessment requirements are to be determined... by using the engineering assessment procedures in paragraph (k) of this section. (f) Volumetric flow...

40 CFR 63.1412 - Continuous process vent applicability assessment procedures and methods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... engineering principles, measurable process parameters, or physical or chemical laws or properties. Examples of... values, and engineering assessment control applicability assessment requirements are to be determined... by using the engineering assessment procedures in paragraph (k) of this section. (f) Volumetric flow...

Single-particle stochastic heat engine.

PubMed

Rana, Shubhashis; Pal, P S; Saha, Arnab; Jayannavar, A M

2014-10-01

We have performed an extensive analysis of a single-particle stochastic heat engine constructed by manipulating a Brownian particle in a time-dependent harmonic potential. The cycle consists of two isothermal steps at different temperatures and two adiabatic steps similar to that of a Carnot engine. The engine shows qualitative differences in inertial and overdamped regimes. All the thermodynamic quantities, including efficiency, exhibit strong fluctuations in a time periodic steady state. The fluctuations of stochastic efficiency dominate over the mean values even in the quasistatic regime. Interestingly, our system acts as an engine provided the temperature difference between the two reservoirs is greater than a finite critical value which in turn depends on the cycle time and other system parameters. This is supported by our analytical results carried out in the quasistatic regime. Our system works more reliably as an engine for large cycle times. By studying various model systems, we observe that the operational characteristics are model dependent. Our results clearly rule out any universal relation between efficiency at maximum power and temperature of the baths. We have also verified fluctuation relations for heat engines in time periodic steady state.

Making the most of MBSE: pragmatic model-based engineering for the SKA Telescope Manager

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Le Roux, Gerhard; Bridger, Alan; MacIntosh, Mike; Nicol, Mark; Schnetler, Hermine; Williams, Stewart

2016-08-01

Many large projects including major astronomy projects are adopting a Model Based Systems Engineering approach. How far is it possible to get value for the effort involved in developing a model that accurately represents a significant project such as SKA? Is it possible for such a large project to ensure that high-level requirements are traceable through the various system-engineering artifacts? Is it possible to utilize the tools available to produce meaningful measures for the impact of change? This paper shares one aspect of the experience gained on the SKA project. It explores some of the recommended and pragmatic approaches developed, to get the maximum value from the modeling activity while designing the Telescope Manager for the SKA. While it is too early to provide specific measures of success, certain areas are proving to be the most helpful and offering significant potential over the lifetime of the project. The experience described here has been on the 'Cameo Systems Modeler' tool-set, supporting a SysML based System Engineering approach; however the concepts and ideas covered would potentially be of value to any large project considering a Model based approach to their Systems Engineering.

Control method for turbocharged diesel engines having exhaust gas recirculation

DOEpatents

Kolmanovsky, Ilya V.; Jankovic, Mrdjan J; Jankovic, Miroslava

2000-03-14

A method of controlling the airflow into a compression ignition engine having an EGR and a VGT. The control strategy includes the steps of generating desired EGR and VGT turbine mass flow rates as a function of the desired and measured compressor mass airflow values and exhaust manifold pressure values. The desired compressor mass airflow and exhaust manifold pressure values are generated as a function of the operator-requested fueling rate and engine speed. The EGR and VGT turbine mass flow rates are then inverted to corresponding EGR and VGT actuator positions to achieve the desired compressor mass airflow rate and exhaust manifold pressure. The control strategy also includes a method of estimating the intake manifold pressure used in generating the EGR valve and VGT turbine positions.

The Effects of Engine Speed and Mixture Temperature on the Knocking Characteristics of Several Fuels

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lee, Dana W

1940-01-01

Six 100-octane and two 87-octane aviation engine fuels were tested in a modified C.F.R. variable-compression engine at 1,500, 2,000 and 2,500 rpm. The mixture temperature was raised from 50 to 300 F in approximately 50 degree steps and, at each temperature, the compression ratio was adjusted to give incipient knock as shown by a cathode ray indicator. The results are presented in tabular form. The results are analyzed on the assumption that the conditions which determine whether a given fuel will knock are the maximum values of density and temperature reached by the burning gases. A maximum permissible density factor, proportional to the maximum density of the burning gases just prior to incipient knock, and the temperature of the burning gases at that time were computed for each of the test conditions. Values of the density factors were plotted against the corresponding end-gas temperatures for the three engine speeds and also against engine speed for several and end-gas temperatures. The maximum permissible density factor varied only slightly with engine speed but decreased rapidly with an increase in the end-gas temperature. The effect of changing the mixture temperature was different for fuels of different types. The results emphasize the desirability of determining the anti knock values of fuels over a wide range of engine and intake-air conditions rather that at a single set of conditions.

Using Google Scholar to Search for Online Availability of a Cited Article in Engineering Disciplines

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Baldwin, Virginia A.

2009-01-01

Many published studies examine the effectiveness of Google Scholar (Scholar) as an index for scholarly articles. This paper analyzes the value of Scholar in finding and labeling online full text of articles using titles from the citations of engineering faculty publications. For the fields of engineering and the engineering colleges in the study,…

Evolution of the Systems Engineering Education Development (SEED) Program at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bagg, Thomas C., III; Brumfield, Mark D.; Jamison, Donald E.; Granata, Raymond L.; Casey, Carolyn A.; Heller, Stuart

2003-01-01

The Systems Engineering Education Development (SEED) Program at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center develops systems engineers from existing discipline engineers. The program has evolved significantly since the report to INCOSE in 2003. This paper describes the SEED Program as it is now, outlines the changes over the last year, discusses current status and results, and shows the value of human systems and leadership skills for practicing systems engineers.

DOT/NASA comparative assessment of Brayton engines for guideway vehicle and buses. Volume 1: Summary

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1975-01-01

The Department of Transportation requested that the NASA Office of Aeronautics and Space Technology evaluate and assess the potential of several types of gas turbine engines and fuels for the on-board power and propulsion of a future heavy-duty ground transportation system. The purpose of the investigation was threefold: (1) to provide a definition of the potential for turbine engines to minimize pollution, energy consumption, and noise; (2) to provide a useful means of comparison of the types of engine based on consistent assumptions and a common analytical approach; and (3) to provide a compendium of comparative performance data that would serve as the technical basis for future planning. Emphasis was on establishing comparison trends rather than on absolute values and a definitive engine selection. The primary value of this study is intended to be usefulness of the results to provide a quantitative basis for future judgement.

Synchronizing Photography For High-Speed-Engine Research

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chun, K. S.

1989-01-01

Light flashes when shaft reaches predetermined angle. Synchronization system facilitates visualization of flow in high-speed internal-combustion engines. Designed for cinematography and holographic interferometry, system synchronizes camera and light source with predetermined rotational angle of engine shaft. 10-bit resolution of absolute optical shaft encoder adapted, and 2 to tenth power combinations of 10-bit binary data computed to corresponding angle values. Pre-computed angle values programmed into EPROM's (erasable programmable read-only memories) to use as angle lookup table. Resolves shaft angle to within 0.35 degree at rotational speeds up to 73,240 revolutions per minute.

Systems metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for the heterologous production of high value molecules-a veteran at new shores.

PubMed

Becker, Judith; Wittmann, Christoph

2016-12-01

For more than fifty years, Escherichia coli has represented a remarkable success story in industrial biotechnology. Traditionally known as a producer of l-amino acids, E. coli has also entered the precious market of high-value molecules and is becoming a flexible, efficient production platform for various therapeutics, pre-biotics, nutraceuticals and pigments. This tremendous progress is enabled by systems metabolic engineering concepts that integrate systems biology and synthetic biology into the design and engineering of powerful E. coli cell factories. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Defining a region of optimization based on engine usage data

DOEpatents

Jiang, Li; Lee, Donghoon; Yilmaz, Hakan; Stefanopoulou, Anna

2015-08-04

Methods and systems for engine control optimization are provided. One or more operating conditions of a vehicle engine are detected. A value for each of a plurality of engine control parameters is determined based on the detected one or more operating conditions of the vehicle engine. A range of the most commonly detected operating conditions of the vehicle engine is identified and a region of optimization is defined based on the range of the most commonly detected operating conditions of the vehicle engine. The engine control optimization routine is initiated when the one or more operating conditions of the vehicle engine are within the defined region of optimization.

Searches Conducted for Engineers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lorenz, Patricia

This paper reports an industrial information specialist's experience in performing online searches for engineers and surveys the databases used. Engineers seeking assistance fall into three categories: (1) those who recognize the value of online retrieval; (2) referrals by colleagues; and (3) those who do not seek help. As more successful searches…

23 CFR 627.9 - Conducting a VE analysis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS VALUE ENGINEERING § 627.9 Conducting a VE analysis. (a) A VE analysis should be conducted as early as practicable in... that consider alternative construction materials; and (2) Be conducted based on: (i) An engineering and...

23 CFR 627.9 - Conducting a VE analysis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS VALUE ENGINEERING § 627.9 Conducting a VE analysis. (a) A VE analysis should be conducted as early as practicable in... that consider alternative construction materials; and (2) Be conducted based on: (i) An engineering and...

Technological and cross-border mixture value chain of science and engineering of multi-integrative mechatronics-integronics-adaptronics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gheorghe, Gh. Ion; Popan, Gheorghe

2013-10-01

This scientific paper presents in national premiere and in original concept of the author, the scientific national and the author's original concept, the technological and cross-border mixture value chain of science and engineering of multi-integrative Mechatronics-Integronics-Adaptronics, as high-tech vector support development, for viability and sustainability of a new intelligent and competitive labour market.

14 CFR Appendix A to Part 135 - Additional Airworthiness Standards for 10 or More Passenger Airplanes

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

...-takeoff ground run. The ground run calibration must be obtained between 0.8 of the minimum value of V 1... ground run calibration is determined assuming an engine failure at the minimum value of V 1. (c) The... disconnection of the engine compressor from the turbine or from loss of the turbine blades are considered to be...

14 CFR Appendix A to Part 135 - Additional Airworthiness Standards for 10 or More Passenger Airplanes

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

...-takeoff ground run. The ground run calibration must be obtained between 0.8 of the minimum value of V 1... ground run calibration is determined assuming an engine failure at the minimum value of V 1. (c) The... disconnection of the engine compressor from the turbine or from loss of the turbine blades are considered to be...

14 CFR Appendix A to Part 135 - Additional Airworthiness Standards for 10 or More Passenger Airplanes

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

...-takeoff ground run. The ground run calibration must be obtained between 0.8 of the minimum value of V 1... ground run calibration is determined assuming an engine failure at the minimum value of V 1. (c) The... disconnection of the engine compressor from the turbine or from loss of the turbine blades are considered to be...

14 CFR Appendix A to Part 135 - Additional Airworthiness Standards for 10 or More Passenger Airplanes

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

...-takeoff ground run. The ground run calibration must be obtained between 0.8 of the minimum value of V 1... ground run calibration is determined assuming an engine failure at the minimum value of V 1. (c) The... disconnection of the engine compressor from the turbine or from loss of the turbine blades are considered to be...

14 CFR Appendix A to Part 135 - Additional Airworthiness Standards for 10 or More Passenger Airplanes

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

...-takeoff ground run. The ground run calibration must be obtained between 0.8 of the minimum value of V 1... ground run calibration is determined assuming an engine failure at the minimum value of V 1. (c) The... disconnection of the engine compressor from the turbine or from loss of the turbine blades are considered to be...

A Framework for Quantifying Measurement Uncertainties and Uncertainty Propagation in HCCI/LTGC Engine Experiments

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Petitpas, Guillaume; McNenly, Matthew J.; Whitesides, Russell A.

In this study, a framework for estimating experimental measurement uncertainties for a Homogenous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI)/Low-Temperature Gasoline Combustion (LTGC) engine testing facility is presented. Detailed uncertainty quantification is first carried out for the measurement of the in-cylinder pressure, whose variations during the cycle provide most of the information for performance evaluation. Standard uncertainties of other measured quantities, such as the engine geometry and speed, the air and fuel flow rate and the intake/exhaust dry molar fractions are also estimated. Propagating those uncertainties using a Monte Carlo simulation and Bayesian inference methods then allows for estimation of uncertainties of themore » mass-average temperature and composition at IVC and throughout the cycle; and also of the engine performances such as gross Integrated Mean Effective Pressure, Heat Release and Ringing Intensity. Throughout the analysis, nominal values for uncertainty inputs were taken from a well-characterized engine test facility. However, the analysis did not take into account the calibration practice of experiments run in that facility and the resulting uncertainty values are therefore not indicative of the expected accuracy of those experimental results. A future study will employ the methodology developed here to explore the effects of different calibration methods on the different uncertainty values in order to evaluate best practices for accurate engine measurements.« less

A Framework for Quantifying Measurement Uncertainties and Uncertainty Propagation in HCCI/LTGC Engine Experiments

DOE PAGES

Petitpas, Guillaume; McNenly, Matthew J.; Whitesides, Russell A.

2017-03-28

In this study, a framework for estimating experimental measurement uncertainties for a Homogenous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI)/Low-Temperature Gasoline Combustion (LTGC) engine testing facility is presented. Detailed uncertainty quantification is first carried out for the measurement of the in-cylinder pressure, whose variations during the cycle provide most of the information for performance evaluation. Standard uncertainties of other measured quantities, such as the engine geometry and speed, the air and fuel flow rate and the intake/exhaust dry molar fractions are also estimated. Propagating those uncertainties using a Monte Carlo simulation and Bayesian inference methods then allows for estimation of uncertainties of themore » mass-average temperature and composition at IVC and throughout the cycle; and also of the engine performances such as gross Integrated Mean Effective Pressure, Heat Release and Ringing Intensity. Throughout the analysis, nominal values for uncertainty inputs were taken from a well-characterized engine test facility. However, the analysis did not take into account the calibration practice of experiments run in that facility and the resulting uncertainty values are therefore not indicative of the expected accuracy of those experimental results. A future study will employ the methodology developed here to explore the effects of different calibration methods on the different uncertainty values in order to evaluate best practices for accurate engine measurements.« less

48 CFR 48.104-1 - Determining sharing period.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... CONTRACT MANAGEMENT VALUE ENGINEERING Policies and Procedures 48.104-1 Determining sharing period. (a.... (c) For engineering-development contracts and contracts containing low-rate-initial-production or...

75 FR 73083 - Sunshine Act Meeting; Open Commission Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-29

... Street, SW., Washington, DC. Item No. Bureau Subject 1 OFFICE OF ENGINEERING AND TITLE: Innovation in the... sharing and generating increased value within the VHF band. 2 OFFICE OF ENGINEERING AND TITLE: Promoting... Regulations--Part 2 Administered by the Office of Engineering and Technology (OET) (ET Docket No. 06-105...

49 CFR 526.3 - Transfer of vehicle from non-domestic to domestic fleet.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... value added), provide the following information: (1) A description of the model type, including engine type and displacement, transmission class, car line designation, and fuel economy; (2) The projected U... actions (e.g., change from imported engine to domestically manufactured engine) which will increase the...

49 CFR 526.3 - Transfer of vehicle from non-domestic to domestic fleet.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... value added), provide the following information: (1) A description of the model type, including engine type and displacement, transmission class, car line designation, and fuel economy; (2) The projected U... actions (e.g., change from imported engine to domestically manufactured engine) which will increase the...

40 CFR 63.1104 - Process vents from continuous unit operations: applicability assessment procedures and methods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... permit limit applicable to the process vent. (iv) Design analysis based on accepted chemical engineering... rates, halogenated process vent determinations, process vent TRE index values, and engineering... corrected to 2.3 percent moisture; or (2) The engineering assessment procedures in paragraph (k) of this...

40 CFR 63.1104 - Process vents from continuous unit operations: applicability assessment procedures and methods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... permit limit applicable to the process vent. (iv) Design analysis based on accepted chemical engineering... rates, halogenated process vent determinations, process vent TRE index values, and engineering... corrected to 2.3 percent moisture; or (2) The engineering assessment procedures in paragraph (k) of this...

40 CFR 63.1104 - Process vents from continuous unit operations: applicability assessment procedures and methods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... permit limit applicable to the process vent. (iv) Design analysis based on accepted chemical engineering... rates, halogenated process vent determinations, process vent TRE index values, and engineering... corrected to 2.3 percent moisture; or (2) The engineering assessment procedures in paragraph (k) of this...

40 CFR 63.1104 - Process vents from continuous unit operations: applicability assessment procedures and methods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... permit limit applicable to the process vent. (iv) Design analysis based on accepted chemical engineering... rates, halogenated process vent determinations, process vent TRE index values, and engineering... corrected to 2.3 percent moisture; or (2) The engineering assessment procedures in paragraph (k) of this...

NASA Engineer Jerry Elliott: Drawing from Two Worlds.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Larson, Arwen

1994-01-01

Profiles Jerry Elliott, an American Indian who has taken advantage of both Native American and white cultures to become a successful engineer at NASA. He believes that Native Americans can meet the challenges of a modern world by studying science and engineering without losing their cultural identity and values. (LP)

40 CFR Appendix B to Subpart E of... - Tables

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Variable-Speed Engines Test segment Mode number Engine speed 1 Observed torque 2 (percent of max. observed...'s specifications. Idle speed is specified by the manufacturer. 2 Torque (non-idle): Throttle fully open for 100 percent points. Other non-idle points: ± 2 percent of engine maximum value. Torque (idle...

Understanding women's choices to enroll in engineering: A case study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Young, Eileen

The underrepresentation of women in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) college programs is a troublesome local, national and global phenomenon. The topic of this doctoral thesis specifically focused on the underrepresentation of women in the field of engineering and more specifically on the factors that women may perceive as chiefly motivating them to choose engineering as a college major. By not choosing to major in engineering, women forego intellectual opportunities and the financial rewards that engineering careers can provide. Their absence means that the field of engineering also suffers from the lack of contributions from a diverse workforce. Women who graduated from a specific community college's engineering program in the United States were the focus of this qualitative study. Grounded in achievement motivation theory, and in particular expectancy-value theory of academic and career choice, this research was guided by two questions: How do women perceive their academic self-efficacies and expectations for success as influencing their decisions to enroll in engineering? How do women perceive their subjective task values as influencing their decisions to enroll in engineering? This single, holistic case study with one main unit of analysis incorporated a written questionnaire, individual interviews and a focus group meeting as the three instruments used to collect data. The qualitative data, cyclically coded, shed light on the complex mechanisms of academic and career choice.

Space shuttle engineering and operations support. Isolation between the S-band quad antenna and the S-band payload antenna. Engineering systems analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lindsey, J. F.

1976-01-01

The isolation between the upper S-band quad antenna and the S-band payload antenna on the shuttle orbiter is calculated using a combination of plane surface and curved surface theories along with worst case values. A minimum value of 60 db isolation is predicted based on recent antenna pattern data, antenna locations on the orbiter, curvature effects, dielectric covering effects and edge effects of the payload bay. The calculated value of 60 db is significantly greater than the baseline value of 40 db. Use of the new value will result in the design of smaller, lighter weight and less expensive filters for S-band transponder and the S-band payload interrogator.

Simulating and analyzing engineering parameters of Kyushu Earthquake, Japan, 1997, by empirical Green function method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Zongchao; Chen, Xueliang; Gao, Mengtan; Jiang, Han; Li, Tiefei

2017-03-01

Earthquake engineering parameters are very important in the engineering field, especially engineering anti-seismic design and earthquake disaster prevention. In this study, we focus on simulating earthquake engineering parameters by the empirical Green's function method. The simulated earthquake (MJMA6.5) occurred in Kyushu, Japan, 1997. Horizontal ground motion is separated as fault parallel and fault normal, in order to assess characteristics of two new direction components. Broadband frequency range of ground motion simulation is from 0.1 to 20 Hz. Through comparing observed parameters and synthetic parameters, we analyzed distribution characteristics of earthquake engineering parameters. From the comparison, the simulated waveform has high similarity with the observed waveform. We found the following. (1) Near-field PGA attenuates radically all around with strip radiation patterns in fault parallel while radiation patterns of fault normal is circular; PGV has a good similarity between observed record and synthetic record, but has different distribution characteristic in different components. (2) Rupture direction and terrain have a large influence on 90 % significant duration. (3) Arias Intensity is attenuating with increasing epicenter distance. Observed values have a high similarity with synthetic values. (4) Predominant period is very different in the part of Kyushu in fault normal. It is affected greatly by site conditions. (5) Most parameters have good reference values where the hypo-central is less than 35 km. (6) The GOF values of all these parameters are generally higher than 45 which means a good result according to Olsen's classification criterion. Not all parameters can fit well. Given these synthetic ground motion parameters, seismic hazard analysis can be performed and earthquake disaster analysis can be conducted in future urban planning.

Practical Guidance on Science and Engineering Ethics Education for Instructors and Administrators: Papers and Summary from a Workshop, December 12, 2012

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Benya, Frazier F., Ed.; Fletcher, Cameron H.,Ed.; Hollander, Rachelle D.,Ed.

2013-01-01

Over the last two decades, colleges and universities in the United States have significantly increased the formal ethics instruction they provide in science and engineering. Today, science and engineering programs socialize students into the values of scientists and engineers as well as their obligations in the conduct of scientific research and…

Advanced OTV engine concepts

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zachary, A. T.

1984-01-01

The results and status of engine technology efforts to date and related company funded activities are presented. Advanced concepts in combustors and injectors, high speed turbomachinery, controls, and high-area-ratio nozzles that package within a short length result is engines with specific impulse values 35 to 46 seconds higher than those now realized by operational systems. The improvement in life, reliability, and maintainability of OTV engines are important.

Summary of Recent Hybrid Torpedo Powerplant Studies

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-12-01

engine (such as the one used in SCEPS), a generic open-cycle expander engine that operates on a mixture of combustion products, a Brayton cycle engine ...difficult to produce an efficient engine that operates at a high backpressure . This particular value was chosen because it was used in a study of various... Effect of Design High Speed .........................................................................13 Figure 4: Hybrid vs. Conventional Torpedo Range

Engineering biosynthesis of high-value compounds in photosynthetic organisms.

PubMed

O'Neill, Ellis C; Kelly, Steven

2017-09-01

The photosynthetic, autotrophic lifestyle of plants and algae position them as ideal platform organisms for sustainable production of biomolecules. However, their use in industrial biotechnology is limited in comparison to heterotrophic organisms, such as bacteria and yeast. This usage gap is in part due to the challenges in generating genetically modified plants and algae and in part due to the difficulty in the development of synthetic biology tools for manipulating gene expression in these systems. Plant and algal metabolism, pre-installed with multiple biosynthetic modules for precursor compounds, bypasses the requirement to install these pathways in conventional production organisms, and creates new opportunities for the industrial production of complex molecules. This review provides a broad overview of the successes, challenges and future prospects for genetic engineering in plants and algae for enhanced or de novo production of biomolecules. The toolbox of technologies and strategies that have been used to engineer metabolism are discussed, and the potential use of engineered plants for industrial manufacturing of large quantities of high-value compounds is explored. This review also discusses the routes that have been taken to modify the profiles of primary metabolites for increasing the nutritional quality of foods as well as the production of specialized metabolites, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and industrial chemicals. As the universe of high-value biosynthetic pathways continues to expand, and the tools to engineer these pathways continue to develop, it is likely plants and algae will become increasingly valuable for the biomanufacturing of high-value compounds.

The impact of program experiences on the retention of women engineering students in Mexico

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Villa, Maria Del Carmen Garcia

This qualitative study sought to describe and understand the experiences of female students attending engineering colleges in Mexico and the sources of support and strategies that helped them persist in their programs. The participants were 20 women engineering students enrolled in at least their third year in selected colleges of engineering in Mexico, in both public and private universities, and pursuing a variety of engineering majors. Findings focus on the experiences of female students that helped them stay in their programs. Participants described their experiences in college as very challenging and perceived the environment as hostile and uncertain. In addition, patriarchal Mexican cultural values and stereotypes were identified by students as influencing and helping shape the engineering environment. However, in this context, participants were able to find sources of support and use strategies that helped them remain in their majors, such as a strong desire to succeed, a perceived academic self-ability; and support from their families, peers, institutions, and---most importantly---their professors. Furthermore, the fact that participants were able to persist in their programs gave them a sense of pride and satisfaction that was shared by their families, peers, and faculty. In addition, participants experienced contradictory forces and were constantly negotiating between rejecting traditional gender norms and upholding the norms that are so deeply engrained in Mexican society. Finally, as the students advanced in their programs and became "accepted to the club," they tended to reproduce the male-dominated value system present in engineering colleges accepting their professors' expectations of being "top students," accepting the elitist culture of engineering superiority, and embracing the protection given by their male peers. Retention of Mexican female engineering students is important for all engineering colleges, but cultural factors must be taken into consideration. The dominance of machismo attitudes and values in Mexican culture present specific challenges to achieve an environment more supportive of women in Mexican engineering colleges. Institutions need to be proactive and creative in order to help faculty and administrators provide an environment in which female engineering students can be successful.

Determining when a set of compute nodes participating in a barrier operation on a parallel computer are ready to exit the barrier operation

DOEpatents

Blocksome, Michael A [Rochester, MN

2011-12-20

Methods, apparatus, and products are disclosed for determining when a set of compute nodes participating in a barrier operation on a parallel computer are ready to exit the barrier operation that includes, for each compute node in the set: initializing a barrier counter with no counter underflow interrupt; configuring, upon entering the barrier operation, the barrier counter with a value in dependence upon a number of compute nodes in the set; broadcasting, by a DMA engine on the compute node to each of the other compute nodes upon entering the barrier operation, a barrier control packet; receiving, by the DMA engine from each of the other compute nodes, a barrier control packet; modifying, by the DMA engine, the value for the barrier counter in dependence upon each of the received barrier control packets; exiting the barrier operation if the value for the barrier counter matches the exit value.

Method and system for monitoring and displaying engine performance parameters

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Abbott, Terence S. (Inventor); Person, Lee H., Jr. (Inventor)

1988-01-01

The invention is believed a major improvement that will have a broad application in governmental and commercial aviation. It provides a dynamic method and system for monitoring and simultaneously displaying in easily scanned form the available, predicted, and actual thrust of a jet aircraft engine under actual operating conditions. The available and predicted thrusts are based on the performance of a functional model of the aircraft engine under the same operating conditions. Other critical performance parameters of the aircraft engine and functional model are generated and compared, the differences in value being simultaneously displayed in conjunction with the displayed thrust values. Thus, the displayed information permits the pilot to make power adjustments directly while keeping him aware of total performance at a glance of a single display panel.

Science Outside the Lab: Helping Graduate Students in Science and Engineering Understand the Complexities of Science Policy.

PubMed

Bernstein, Michael J; Reifschneider, Kiera; Bennett, Ira; Wetmore, Jameson M

2017-06-01

Helping scientists and engineers challenge received assumptions about how science, engineering, and society relate is a critical cornerstone for macroethics education. Scientific and engineering research are frequently framed as first steps of a value-free linear model that inexorably leads to societal benefit. Social studies of science and assessments of scientific and engineering research speak to the need for a more critical approach to the noble intentions underlying these assumptions. "Science Outside the Lab" is a program designed to help early-career scientists and engineers understand the complexities of science and engineering policy. Assessment of the program entailed a pre-, post-, and 1 year follow up survey to gauge student perspectives on relationships between science and society, as well as a pre-post concept map exercise to elicit student conceptualizations of science policy. Students leave Science Outside the Lab with greater humility about the role of scientific expertise in science and engineering policy; greater skepticism toward linear notions of scientific advances benefiting society; a deeper, more nuanced understanding of the actors involved in shaping science policy; and a continued appreciation of the contributions of science and engineering to society. The study presents an efficacious program that helps scientists and engineers make inroads into macroethical debates, reframe the ways in which they think about values of science and engineering in society, and more thoughtfully engage with critical mediators of science and society relationships: policy makers and policy processes.

Sealing Mustard Jars with Plastic Linerless Closures

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-10-01

Recommendations 15 Literature cited 16 Appendices: A . Levels of Packaging 19 B. Value Engineering Correspondence 2 3 V ILLUSTRATIVE DATA Page...Analytical Progress Total Dietary Fiber Another Look, 1984, Vol 2,■No. 1, Minneapolis, MN 16 APPENDIXES A : Levels of Packaging B: Value...Engineering Correspondence 17 APPENDIX A : Levels of Packaging 19 APPENDIX A : Levels of Packaging Excerpt from: AR 700-15/NAVSUPINST 4030.28B/AFR 71~6

Research on measurement of aviation magneto ignition strength and balance

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gao, Feng; He, Zhixiang; Zhang, Dingpeng

2017-12-01

Aviation magneto ignition system failure accounted for two-thirds of the total fault aviation piston engine and above. At present the method used for this failure diagnosis is often depended on the visual inspections in the civil aviation maintenance field. Due to human factors, the visual inspections cannot provide ignition intensity value and ignition equilibrium deviation value among the different spark plugs in the different cylinder of aviation piston engine. So air magneto ignition strength and balance testing has become an aviation piston engine maintenance technical problem needed to resolve. In this paper, the ultraviolet sensor with detection wavelength of 185~260nm and driving voltage of 320V DC is used as the core of ultraviolet detection to detect the ignition intensity of Aviation magneto ignition system and the balance deviation of the ignition intensity of each cylinder. The experimental results show that the rotational speed within the range 0 to 3500 RPM test error less than 0.34%, ignition strength analysis and calculation error is less than 0.13%, and measured the visual inspection is hard to distinguish between high voltage wire leakage failure of deviation value of 200 pulse ignition strength balance/Sec. The method to detect aviation piston engine maintenance of magneto ignition system fault has a certain reference value.

Apollo 14 mission report. Supplement 5: Descent propulsion system final flight evaluation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Avvenire, A. T.; Wood, S. C.

1972-01-01

The performance of the LM-8 descent propulsion system during the Apollo 14 mission was evaluated and found to be satisfactory. The average engine effective specific impulse was 0.1 second higher than predicted, but well within the predicted l sigma uncertainty. The engine performance corrected to standard inlet conditions for the FTP portion of the burn at 43 seconds after ignition was as follows: thrust, 9802, lbf; specific impulse, 304.1 sec; and propellant mixture ratio, 1603. These values are + or - 0.8, -0.06, and + or - 0.3 percent different respectively, from the values reported from engine acceptance tests and were within specification limits.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sileghem, L.; Wallner, T.; Verhelst, S.

As knock is one of the main factors limiting the efficiency of spark-ignition engines, the introduction of alcohol blends could help to mitigate knock concerns due to the elevated knock resistance of these blends. A model that can accurately predict their autoignition behavior would be of great value to engine designers. The current work aims to develop such a model for alcohol–gasoline blends. First, a mixing rule for the autoignition delay time of alcohol–gasoline blends is proposed. Subsequently, this mixing rule is used together with an autoignition delay time correlation of gasoline and an autoignition delay time cor-relation of methanolmore » in a knock integral model that is implemented in a two-zone engine code. The pre-dictive performance of the resulting model is validated through comparison against experimental measurements on a CFR engine for a range of gasoline–methanol blends. The knock limited spark advance, the knock intensity, the knock onset crank angle and the value of the knock integral at the experimental knock onset have been simulated and compared to the experimental values derived from in-cylinder pressure measurements.« less

Machine Maintenance Scheduling with Reliability Engineering Method and Maintenance Value Stream Mapping

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sembiring, N.; Nasution, A. H.

2018-02-01

Corrective maintenance i.e replacing or repairing the machine component after machine break down always done in a manufacturing company. It causes the production process must be stopped. Production time will decrease due to the maintenance team must replace or repair the damage machine component. This paper proposes a preventive maintenance’s schedule for a critical component of a critical machine of an crude palm oil and kernel company due to increase maintenance efficiency. The Reliability Engineering & Maintenance Value Stream Mapping is used as a method and a tool to analize the reliability of the component and reduce the wastage in any process by segregating value added and non value added activities.

Formula Student as Part of a Mechanical Engineering Curriculum

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Davies, Huw Charles

2013-01-01

Formula Student (FS) is a multi-university student design competition managed by the UK Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Students are required to demonstrate and prove their creativity and engineering skills through the design, manufacture and financing of a small formula style race car. This paper seeks to explore the educational value that…

Can Man Control His Biological Evolution? A Symposium on Genetic Engineering. Genetic Engineering

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ramsey, Paul

1972-01-01

Presented are issues related to genetic engineering. Increased knowledge of techniques to manipulate genes are apt to create confusion about moral values in relation to unborn babies and other living organisms on earth. Human beings may use this knowledge to disturb the balance maintained by nature. (PS)

Implementing Problem-Based Learning in Introductory Engineering Courses: A Qualitative Investigation of Facilitation Strategies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nicole Hunter, Deirdre-Annaliese

2015-01-01

Increasing pressure to transform teaching and learning of engineering is supported by mounting research evidence for the value of learner-centered pedagogies. Despite this evidence, engineering faculty are often unsuccessful in applying such teaching approaches often because they lack the necessary knowledge to customize these pedagogies for their…

40 CFR 1065.915 - PEMS instruments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... max 0.5 % of max. Engine torque estimator, BSFC (This is a signal from an engine's ECM) T or BSFC 1 s... standards to account for ambient effects on PEMS. (d) ECM signals. You may use signals from the engine's electronic control module (ECM) in place of values measured by individual instruments within a PEMS, subject...

49 CFR 599.300 - Requirements for qualifying transactions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Requirements for qualifying transactions. (a) In general. To qualify for a credit under the CARS Program, a... owned by or under the control of the dealership until the engine is disabled, disable the engine of the... price of $45,000 or less. (d) Trade-in Vehicle—Disclosure of Scrap Value, Engine Disablement, and Title...

49 CFR 599.300 - Requirements for qualifying transactions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Requirements for qualifying transactions. (a) In general. To qualify for a credit under the CARS Program, a... owned by or under the control of the dealership until the engine is disabled, disable the engine of the... price of $45,000 or less. (d) Trade-in Vehicle—Disclosure of Scrap Value, Engine Disablement, and Title...

49 CFR 599.300 - Requirements for qualifying transactions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Requirements for qualifying transactions. (a) In general. To qualify for a credit under the CARS Program, a... owned by or under the control of the dealership until the engine is disabled, disable the engine of the... price of $45,000 or less. (d) Trade-in Vehicle—Disclosure of Scrap Value, Engine Disablement, and Title...

49 CFR 599.300 - Requirements for qualifying transactions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Requirements for qualifying transactions. (a) In general. To qualify for a credit under the CARS Program, a... owned by or under the control of the dealership until the engine is disabled, disable the engine of the... price of $45,000 or less. (d) Trade-in Vehicle—Disclosure of Scrap Value, Engine Disablement, and Title...

Engineering Education: A Clear Content Base for Standards

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Grubbs, Michael E.; Strimel, Greg J.; Huffman, Tanner

2018-01-01

Interest in engineering at the P-12 level has increased in recent years, largely in response to STEM educational reform. Despite greater attention to the value, importance, and use of engineering for teaching and learning, the educational community has engaged minimally in its deliberate and coherent study. Specifically, few efforts have been…

Aligning Professional Skills and Active Learning Methods: An Application for Information and Communications Technology Engineering

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Llorens, Ariadna; Berbegal-Mirabent, Jasmina; Llinàs-Audet, Xavier

2017-01-01

Engineering education is facing new challenges to effectively provide the appropriate skills to future engineering professionals according to market demands. This study proposes a model based on active learning methods, which is expected to facilitate the acquisition of the professional skills most highly valued in the information and…

Mathematics and Its Value for Engineering Students: What Are the Implications for Teaching?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harris, Diane; Black, Laura; Hernandez-Martinez, Paul; Pepin, Birgit; Williams, Julian

2015-01-01

Mathematics has long been known to be problematic for university engineering students and their teachers, for example, Scanlan. This paper presents recent data gathered from interviews with engineering students who experienced problems with mathematics and their lecturers during their transition through the first year in different programme…

Standards for K-12 Engineering Education?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Academies Press, 2010

2010-01-01

The goal of this study was to assess the value and feasibility of developing and implementing content standards for engineering education at the K-12 level. Content standards have been developed for three disciplines in STEM education--science, technology, and mathematic--but not for engineering. To date, a small but growing number of K-12…

Relation of Fuel-Air Ratio to Engine Performance

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sparrow, Stanwood W

1925-01-01

The tests upon which this report is based were made at the Bureau of Standards between October 1919 and May 1923. From these it is concluded that: (1) with gasoline as a fuel, maximum power is obtained with fuel-air mixtures of from 0.07 to 0.08 pound of fuel per pound of air; (2) maximum power is obtained with approximately the same ratio over the range of air pressures and temperatures encountered in flight; (3) nearly minimum specific fuel consumption is secured by decreasing the fuel content of the charge until the power is 95 per cent of its maximum value. Presumably this information is of most direct value to the carburetor engineer. A carburetor should supply the engine with a suitable mixture. This report discusses what mixtures have been found suitable for various engines. It also furnishes the engine designer with a basis for estimating how much greater piston displacement an engine operating with a maximum economy mixture should have than one operating with a maximum power mixture in order for both to be capable of the same power development.

Thermodynamic and Mechanical Analysis of a Thermomagnetic Rotary Engine

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fajar, D. M.; Khotimah, S. N.; Khairurrijal

2016-08-01

A heat engine in magnetic system had three thermodynamic coordinates: magnetic intensity ℋ, total magnetization ℳ, and temperature T, where the first two of them are respectively analogous to that of gaseous system: pressure P and volume V. Consequently, Carnot cycle that constitutes the principle of a heat engine in gaseous system is also valid on that in magnetic system. A thermomagnetic rotary engine is one model of it that was designed in the form of a ferromagnetic wheel that can rotates because of magnetization change at Curie temperature. The study is aimed to describe the thermodynamic and mechanical analysis of a thermomagnetic rotary engine and calculate the efficiencies. In thermodynamic view, the ideal processes are isothermal demagnetization, adiabatic demagnetization, isothermal magnetization, and adiabatic magnetization. The values of thermodynamic efficiency depend on temperature difference between hot and cold reservoir. In mechanical view, a rotational work is determined through calculation of moment of inertia and average angular speed. The value of mechanical efficiency is calculated from ratio between rotational work and heat received by system. The study also obtains exergetic efficiency that states the performance quality of the engine.

14 CFR 23.1563 - Airspeed placards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... multiengine-powered airplanes of more than 6,000 pounds maximum weight, and turbine engine-powered airplanes, the maximum value of the minimum control speed, VMC (one-engine-inoperative) determined under § 23.149...

14 CFR 23.1563 - Airspeed placards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... multiengine-powered airplanes of more than 6,000 pounds maximum weight, and turbine engine-powered airplanes, the maximum value of the minimum control speed, VMC (one-engine-inoperative) determined under § 23.149...

Methane Emissions from Leak and Loss Audits of Natural Gas Compressor Stations and Storage Facilities.

PubMed

Johnson, Derek R; Covington, April N; Clark, Nigel N

2015-07-07

As part of the Environmental Defense Fund's Barnett Coordinated Campaign, researchers completed leak and loss audits for methane emissions at three natural gas compressor stations and two natural gas storage facilities. Researchers employed microdilution high-volume sampling systems in conjunction with in situ methane analyzers, bag samples, and Fourier transform infrared analyzers for emissions rate quantification. All sites had a combined total methane emissions rate of 94.2 kg/h, yet only 12% of the emissions total resulted from leaks. Methane slip from exhausts represented 44% of the total emissions. Remaining methane emissions were attributed to losses from pneumatic actuators and controls, engine crankcases, compressor packing vents, wet seal vents, and slop tanks. Measured values were compared with those reported in literature. Exhaust methane emissions were lower than emissions factor estimates for engine exhausts, but when combined with crankcase emissions, measured values were 11.4% lower than predicted by AP-42 as applicable to emissions factors for four-stroke, lean-burn engines. Average measured wet seal emissions were 3.5 times higher than GRI values but 14 times lower than those reported by Allen et al. Reciprocating compressor packing vent emissions were 39 times higher than values reported by GRI, but about half of values reported by Allen et al. Though the data set was small, researchers have suggested a method to estimate site-wide emissions factors for those powered by four-stroke, lean-burn engines based on fuel consumption and site throughput.

The value of early flight evaluation of propulsion concepts using the NASA F-15 research airplane

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Burcham, Frank W., Jr.; Ray, Ronald J.

1987-01-01

The value of early flight evaluation of propulsion and propulsion control concepts was demonstrated on the NASA F-15 airplane in programs such as highly integrated digital electronic control (HIDEC), the F100 engine model derivative (EMD), and digital electronic engine control (DEEC). (In each case, the value of flight demonstration was conclusively demonstrated). This paper described these programs, and discusses the results that were not expected, based on ground test or analytical prediction. The role of flight demonstration in facilitating transfer of technology from the laboratory to operational airplanes is discussed.

NASA/DOD Aerospace Knowledge Diffusion Research Project. Paper 1: The value of scientific and technical information (STI), its relationship to Research and Development (R/D), and its use by US aerospace engineers and scientists

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pinelli, Thomas E.; Barclay, Rebecca O.; Glassman, Myron; Oliu, Walter E.

1990-01-01

This paper is based on the premise that scientific and technical information (STI), its use by aerospace engineers and scientists, and the aerospace research and development (R&D) process are related. We intend to support this premise with data gathered from numerous studies concerned with STI, the relationship of STI to the performance and management of R&D activities, and the information use and seeking behavior of engineers in general and aerospace engineers and scientists in particular. We intend to develop and present a synthesized appreciation of how aerospace R&D managers can improve the efficacy of the R&D process by understanding the role and value of STI in this process.

Influence of Thrust Level on the Architecture and Optimal Working Process Parameters of a Small-scale Turbojet for UAV

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kuz`michev, V. S.; Filinov, E. P.; Ostapyuk, Ya A.

2018-01-01

This article describes how the thrust level influences the turbojet architecture (types of turbomachines that provide the maximum efficiency) and its working process parameters (turbine inlet temperature (TIT) and overall pressure ratio (OPR)). Functional gasdynamic and strength constraints were included, total mass of fuel and the engine required for mission and the specific fuel consumption (SFC) were considered optimization criteria. Radial and axial turbines and compressors were considered. The results show that as the engine thrust decreases, optimal values of working process parameters decrease too, and the regions of compromise shrink. Optimal engine architecture and values of working process parameters are suggested for turbojets with thrust varying from 100N to 100kN. The results show that for the thrust below 25kN the engine scale factor should be taken into the account, as the low flow rates begin to influence the efficiency of engine elements substantially.

Initial comparison of single cylinder Stirling engine computer model predictions with test results

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tew, R. C., Jr.; Thieme, L. G.; Miao, D.

1979-01-01

A NASA developed digital computer code for a Stirling engine, modelling the performance of a single cylinder rhombic drive ground performance unit (GPU), is presented and its predictions are compared to test results. The GPU engine incorporates eight regenerator/cooler units and the engine working space is modelled by thirteen control volumes. The model calculates indicated power and efficiency for a given engine speed, mean pressure, heater and expansion space metal temperatures and cooler water inlet temperature and flow rate. Comparison of predicted and observed powers implies that the reference pressure drop calculations underestimate actual pressure drop, possibly due to oil contamination in the regenerator/cooler units, methane contamination in the working gas or the underestimation of mechanical loss. For a working gas of hydrogen, the predicted values of brake power are from 0 to 6% higher than experimental values, and brake efficiency is 6 to 16% higher, while for helium the predicted brake power and efficiency are 2 to 15% higher than the experimental.

Closed-loop recycling of construction and demolition waste in Germany in view of stricter environmental threshold values.

PubMed

Weil, Marcel; Jeske, Udo; Schebek, Liselotte

2006-06-01

Recycling of construction and demolition waste contributes decisively to the saving of natural mineral resources. In Germany, processed mineral construction and demolition waste from structural engineering is used nearly exclusively in civil engineering (earthwork and road construction sector) as open-loop recycling. Due to the planned stricter limit values for the protection of soil and water, however, this recycling path in civil engineering may no longer be applicable in the future. According to some new guidelines and standards adopted recently, recycled aggregates may also be used for concrete production in the structural engineering sector (closed-loop recycling). Wastes from the structural engineering sector can thus be kept in a closed cycle, and their disposal on a landfill can be avoided. The present report focuses on the determination of maximum waste volumes that may be handled by this new recycling option. Potential adverse effects on the saving of resources and climate protection have been analysed. For this purpose, materials flow analysis and ecobalancing methods have been used.

The Problem of Whistleblowing in Engineering Ethics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ohishi, Toshihiro

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the features of whistleblowing by considering the arguments about whistleblowing in engineering ethics. First, I analyze the concept of ‘whistleblowing’ by defining the word as clearly as possible. Second, I examine the standard justification theory of whistleblowing by showing the problems of the theory. Finally, I analyze the dilemma about whistleblowing by revealing a prospective whistleblower‧s struggle to choose moral value or non-moral value.

Value Engineering

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-03-01

703-756-2320 Department of the Army HQ, DA (Office of the Comptroller of the Army) ATTN: DACA -RMP, Rm 3B725, Pentagon Washington , DC 20310-2070...Secretary of Defense (Acquisition and ILCo.ct(C oan No. Logistics) (C Washington , D.C. 20301 (G) 12. Sponsoring Organization Name and Address 13. Type...4245.8-H WASHINGTON , D.C. 20301-8000 March 17, i986 ACQUISITION AND LOGISTICS FOREWORD Value Engineering (VE) VE is recognized as an effective

Microeconomic analysis of military aircraft bearing restoration

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hein, G. F.

1976-01-01

The risk and cost of a bearing restoration by grinding program was analyzed. A microeconomic impact analysis was performed. The annual cost savings to U.S. Army aviation is approximately $950,000.00 for three engines and three transmissions. The capital value over an indefinite life is approximately ten million dollars. The annual cost savings for U.S. Air Force engines are approximately $313,000.00 with a capital value of approximately 3.1 million dollars.

Design of preventive maintenance system using the reliability engineering and maintenance value stream mapping methods in PT. XYZ

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sembiring, N.; Panjaitan, N.; Angelita, S.

2018-02-01

PT. XYZ is a company owned by non-governmental organizations engaged in the field of production of rubber processing becoming crumb rubber. Part of the production is supported by some of machines and interacting equipment to achieve optimal productivity. Types of the machine that are used in the production process are Conveyor Breaker, Breaker, Rolling Pin, Hammer Mill, Mill Roll, Conveyor, Shredder Crumb, and Dryer. Maintenance system in PT. XYZ is corrective maintenance i.e. repairing or replacing the engine components after the crash on the machine. Replacement of engine components on corrective maintenance causes the machine to stop operating during the production process is in progress. The result is in the loss of production time due to the operator must replace the damaged engine components. The loss of production time can impact on the production targets which were not reached and lead to high loss costs. The cost for all components is Rp. 4.088.514.505. This cost is really high just for maintaining a Mill Roll Machine. Therefore PT. XYZ is needed to do preventive maintenance i.e. scheduling engine components and improving maintenance efficiency. The used methods are Reliability Engineering and Maintenance Value Stream Mapping (MVSM). The needed data in this research are the interval of time damage to engine components, opportunity cost, labor cost, component cost, corrective repair time, preventive repair time, Mean Time To Opportunity (MTTO), Mean Time To Repair (MTTR), and Mean Time To Yield (MTTY). In this research, the critical components of Mill Roll machine are Spier, Bushing, Bearing, Coupling and Roll. Determination of damage distribution, reliability, MTTF, cost of failure, cost of preventive, current state map, and future state map are done so that the replacement time for each critical component with the lowest maintenance cost and preparation of Standard Operation Procedure (SOP) are developed. For the critical component that has been determined, the Spier component replacement time interval is 228 days with a reliability value of 0,503171, Bushing component is 240 days with reliability value of 0.36861, Bearing component is 202 days with reliability value of 0,503058, Coupling component is 247 days with reliability value of 0,50108 and Roll component is 301 days with reliability value of 0,373525. The results show that the cost decreases from Rp 300,688,114 to Rp 244,384,371 obtained from corrective maintenance to preventive maintenance. While maintenance efficiency increases with the application of preventive maintenance i.e. for Spier component from 54,0540541% to 74,07407%, Bushing component from 52,3809524% to 68,75%, Bearing component from 40% to 52,63158%, Coupling component from 60.9756098% to 71.42857%, and Roll components from 64.516129% to 74.7663551%.

A simple, physically-based method for evaluating the economic costs of geo-engineering schemes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Garrett, T. J.

2009-04-01

The consumption of primary energy (e.g coal, oil, uranium) by the global economy is done in expectation of a return on investment. For geo-engineering schemes, however, the relationship between the primary energy consumption required and the economic return is, at first glance, quite different. The energy costs of a given scheme represent a removal of economically productive available energy to do work in the normal global economy. What are the economic implications of the energy consumption associated with geo-engineering techniques? I will present a simple thermodynamic argument that, in general, real (inflation-adjusted) economic value has a fixed relationship to the rate of global primary energy consumption. This hypothesis will be shown to be supported by 36 years of available energy statistics and a two millennia period of statistics for global economic production. What is found from this analysis is that the value in any given inflation-adjusted 1990 dollar is sustained by a constant 9.7 +/- 0.3 milliwatts of global primary energy consumption. Thus, insofar as geo-engineering is concerned, any scheme that requires some nominal fraction of continuous global primary energy output necessitates a corresponding inflationary loss of real global economic value. For example, if 1% of global energy output is required, at today's consumption rates of 15 TW this corresponds to an inflationary loss of 15 trillion 1990 dollars of real value. The loss will be less, however, if the geo-engineering scheme also enables a demonstrable enhancement to global economic production capacity through climate modification.

Closed loop engine control for regulating NOx emissions, using a two-dimensional fuel-air curve

DOEpatents

Bourn, Gary D.; Smith, Jack A.; Gingrich, Jess W.

2007-01-30

An engine control strategy that ensures that NOx emissions from the engine will be maintained at an acceptable level. The control strategy is based on a two-dimensional fuel-air curve, in which air manifold pressure (AMP) is a function of fuel header pressure and engine speed. The control strategy provides for closed loop NOx adjustment to a base AMP value derived from the fuel-air curve.

Are Quantity Surveyors Competent to Value for Civil Engineering Works? Evaluating QSs' Competencies and Militating Factors

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Olawumi, Timothy Oluwatosin; Ayegun, Olaleke Amos

2016-01-01

The role of the quantity surveyor is one that is often unclear amongst the general public. This study discussed the competencies of the quantity surveyor in measuring and managing civil engineering works and also carrying out the financial management for civil engineering construction projects; also outlined the various competencies and skills…

Student Chemical Engineering Reflective ePortfolios--ChE Student Perceptions of Learning from Reflective ePortfolio Creation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cherrstrom, Catherine A.; Raisor, Cindy; Fowler, Debra

2015-01-01

Engineering educators and employers value and prioritize communication skills, but developing and assessing such skills in engineering programs is challenging. Reflective ePortfolios provide opportunities to enhance communication skills. The purpose of this three-­year qualitative case study was to investigate the use of reflective ePortfolios in…

14 CFR 23.33 - Propeller speed and pitch limits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Propeller speed and pitch limits. 23.33... Propeller speed and pitch limits. (a) General. The propeller speed and pitch must be limited to values that... the all engine(s) operating climb speed specified in § 23.65, the propeller must limit the engine r.p...

14 CFR 23.33 - Propeller speed and pitch limits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Propeller speed and pitch limits. 23.33... Propeller speed and pitch limits. (a) General. The propeller speed and pitch must be limited to values that... the all engine(s) operating climb speed specified in § 23.65, the propeller must limit the engine r.p...

48 CFR 36.601-4 - Implementation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... engineering nature associated with design or construction of real property. (3) Other professional services of..., investigations, surveying and mapping, tests, evaluations, consultations, comprehensive planning, program management, conceptual designs, plans and specifications, value engineering, construction phase services...

48 CFR 36.601-4 - Implementation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... engineering nature associated with design or construction of real property. (3) Other professional services of..., investigations, surveying and mapping, tests, evaluations, consultations, comprehensive planning, program management, conceptual designs, plans and specifications, value engineering, construction phase services...

48 CFR 36.601-4 - Implementation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... engineering nature associated with design or construction of real property. (3) Other professional services of..., investigations, surveying and mapping, tests, evaluations, consultations, comprehensive planning, program management, conceptual designs, plans and specifications, value engineering, construction phase services...

48 CFR 36.601-4 - Implementation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... engineering nature associated with design or construction of real property. (3) Other professional services of..., investigations, surveying and mapping, tests, evaluations, consultations, comprehensive planning, program management, conceptual designs, plans and specifications, value engineering, construction phase services...

48 CFR 36.601-4 - Implementation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... engineering nature associated with design or construction of real property. (3) Other professional services of..., investigations, surveying and mapping, tests, evaluations, consultations, comprehensive planning, program management, conceptual designs, plans and specifications, value engineering, construction phase services...

2000 report on the value pricing pilot program

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1997-05-01

This document has been written to provide information on how to apply principles of geotechnical earthquake engineering to planning, design, and retrofit of highway facilities. Geotechnical earthquake engineering topics discussed in this document inc...

Deployment of e-health services - a business model engineering strategy.

PubMed

Kijl, Björn; Nieuwenhuis, Lambert J M; Huis in 't Veld, Rianne M H A; Hermens, Hermie J; Vollenbroek-Hutten, Miriam M R

2010-01-01

We designed a business model for deploying a myofeedback-based teletreatment service. An iterative and combined qualitative and quantitative action design approach was used for developing the business model and the related value network. Insights from surveys, desk research, expert interviews, workshops and quantitative modelling were combined to produce the first business model and then to refine it in three design cycles. The business model engineering strategy provided important insights which led to an improved, more viable and feasible business model and related value network design. Based on this experience, we conclude that the process of early stage business model engineering reduces risk and produces substantial savings in costs and resources related to service deployment.

Numerical solution of system of boundary value problems using B-spline with free parameter

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gupta, Yogesh

2017-01-01

This paper deals with method of B-spline solution for a system of boundary value problems. The differential equations are useful in various fields of science and engineering. Some interesting real life problems involve more than one unknown function. These result in system of simultaneous differential equations. Such systems have been applied to many problems in mathematics, physics, engineering etc. In present paper, B-spline and B-spline with free parameter methods for the solution of a linear system of second-order boundary value problems are presented. The methods utilize the values of cubic B-spline and its derivatives at nodal points together with the equations of the given system and boundary conditions, ensuing into the linear matrix equation.

Internal combustion engine cylinder-to-cylinder balancing with balanced air-fuel ratios

DOEpatents

Harris, Ralph E.; Bourn, Gary D.; Smalley, Anthony J.

2006-01-03

A method of balancing combustion among cylinders of an internal combustion engine. For each cylinder, a normalized peak firing pressure is calculated as the ratio of its peak firing pressure to its combustion pressure. Each cylinder's normalized peak firing pressure is compared to a target value for normalized peak firing pressure. The fuel flow is adjusted to any cylinder whose normalized peak firing pressure is not substantially equal to the target value.

Comparison of Performance and Component Frontal Areas of Hypothetical Two-spool and One-spool Turbojet Engines

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dugan, James F , Jr

1956-01-01

For constant-mechanical-speed operation, the two-spool thrust values are as great as or greater than the one-spool thrust values over the entire flight range considered, while the specific fuel consumption for the two engines agrees within 1 percent. The maximum difference in thrust occurs at Mach 2.8 in the stratosphere, where the two-spool thrust advantage is about 9 percent for operation with the after burning.

Speed limits set lower than engineering recommendations.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-08-01

The purpose of this project is to provide the Montana Department of Transportation (MDT) with a better understanding of the : operational and safety impacts of setting posted speed limits below engineering recommended values. This practice has been :...

Regional Value Analysis at Threat Evaluation

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-06-01

targets based on information entropy and fuzzy optimization theory. in Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM), 2011 IEEE...Assignment by Virtual Permutation and Tabu Search Heuristics. Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C: Applications and Reviews, IEEE Transactions on, 2010

WarpEngine, a Flexible Platform for Distributed Computing Implemented in the VEGA Program and Specially Targeted for Virtual Screening Studies.

PubMed

Pedretti, Alessandro; Mazzolari, Angelica; Vistoli, Giulio

2018-05-21

The manuscript describes WarpEngine, a novel platform implemented within the VEGA ZZ suite of software for performing distributed simulations both in local and wide area networks. Despite being tailored for structure-based virtual screening campaigns, WarpEngine possesses the required flexibility to carry out distributed calculations utilizing various pieces of software, which can be easily encapsulated within this platform without changing their source codes. WarpEngine takes advantages of all cheminformatics features implemented in the VEGA ZZ program as well as of its largely customizable scripting architecture thus allowing an efficient distribution of various time-demanding simulations. To offer an example of the WarpEngine potentials, the manuscript includes a set of virtual screening campaigns based on the ACE data set of the DUD-E collections using PLANTS as the docking application. Benchmarking analyses revealed a satisfactory linearity of the WarpEngine performances, the speed-up values being roughly equal to the number of utilized cores. Again, the computed scalability values emphasized that a vast majority (i.e., >90%) of the performed simulations benefit from the distributed platform presented here. WarpEngine can be freely downloaded along with the VEGA ZZ program at www.vegazz.net .

Emissions of PCDD/Fs, PCBs, and PAHs from a modern diesel engine equipped with catalyzed emission control systems.

PubMed

Laroo, Christopher A; Schenk, Charles R; Sanchez, L James; McDonald, Joseph

2011-08-01

Exhaust emissions of 17 2,3,7,8-substituted chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin/furan (CDD/F) congeners, tetra-octa CDD/F homologues, 12 2005 WHO chlorinated biphenyls (CB) congeners, mono-nona CB homologues, and 19 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from a model year 2008 Cummins ISB engine were investigated. Testing included configurations composed of different combinations of aftertreatment including a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC), catalyzed diesel particulate filter (CDPF), copper zeolite urea selective catalytic reduction (SCR), iron zeolite SCR, and ammonia slip catalyst. Results were compared to a baseline engine out configuration. Testing included the use of fuel that contained the maximum expected chlorine (Cl) concentration of U.S. highway diesel fuel and a Cl level 1.5 orders of magnitude above. Results indicate there is no risk for an increase in polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin/furan and polychlorinated biphenyl emissions from modern diesel engines with catalyzed aftertreatment when compared to engine out emissions for configurations tested in this program. These results, along with PAH results, compare well with similar results from modern diesel engines in the literature. The results further indicate that polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin/furan emissions from modern diesel engines both with and without aftertreatment are below historical values reported in the literature as well as the current inventory value.

Engineering E. coli–E. coli cocultures for production of muconic acid from glycerol

DOE PAGES

Zhang, Haoran; Li, Zhengjun; Pereira, Brian; ...

2015-09-15

cis, cis-Muconic acid is an important chemical that can be biosynthesized from simple substrates in engineered microorganisms. Recently, it has been shown that engineering microbial cocultures is an emerging and promising approach for biochemical production. In this study, we aim to explore the potential of the E. coli–E. coli coculture system to use a single renewable carbon source, glycerol, for the production of value-added product cis, cis-muconic acid. As a result, two coculture engineering strategies were investigated. In the first strategy, an E. coli strain containing the complete biosynthesis pathway was co-cultivated with another E. coli strain containing only amore » heterologous intermediate-to-product biosynthetic pathway. In the second strategy, the upstream and downstream pathways were accommodated in two separate E. coli strains, each of which was dedicated to one portion of the biosynthesis process. Compared with the monoculture approach, both coculture engineering strategies improved the production significantly. Using a batch bioreactor, the engineered coculture achieved a 2 g/L muconic acid production with a yield of 0.1 g/g. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that coculture engineering is a viable option for producing muconic acid from glycerol. Moreover, microbial coculture systems are shown to have the potential for converting single carbon source to value-added products.« less

Reliability growth modeling analysis of the space shuttle main engines based upon the Weibull process

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wheeler, J. T.

1990-01-01

The Weibull process, identified as the inhomogeneous Poisson process with the Weibull intensity function, is used to model the reliability growth assessment of the space shuttle main engine test and flight failure data. Additional tables of percentage-point probabilities for several different values of the confidence coefficient have been generated for setting (1-alpha)100-percent two sided confidence interval estimates on the mean time between failures. The tabled data pertain to two cases: (1) time-terminated testing, and (2) failure-terminated testing. The critical values of the three test statistics, namely Cramer-von Mises, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, and chi-square, were calculated and tabled for use in the goodness of fit tests for the engine reliability data. Numerical results are presented for five different groupings of the engine data that reflect the actual response to the failures.

Women's Reasons for Leaving the Engineering Field.

PubMed

Fouad, Nadya A; Chang, Wen-Hsin; Wan, Min; Singh, Romila

2017-01-01

Among the different Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math fields, engineering continues to have one of the highest rates of attrition (Hewlett et al., 2008). The turnover rate for women engineers from engineering fields is even higher than for men (Frehill, 2010). Despite increased efforts from researchers, there are still large gaps in our understanding of the reasons that women leave engineering. This study aims to address this gap by examining the reasons why women leave engineering. Specifically, we analyze the reasons for departure given by national sample of 1,464 women engineers who left the profession after having worked in the engineering field. We applied a person-environment fit theoretical lens, in particular, the Theory of Work Adjustment (TWA) (Dawis and Lofquist, 1984) to understand and categorize the reasons for leaving the engineering field. According to the TWA, occupations have different "reinforcer patterns," reflected in six occupational values, and a mismatch between the reinforcers provided by the work environment and individuals' needs may trigger departure from the environment. Given the paucity of literature in this area, we posed research questions to explore the reinforcer pattern of values implicated in women's decisions to leave the engineering field. We used qualitative analyses to understand, categorize, and code the 1,863 statements that offered a glimpse into the myriad reasons that women offered in describing their decisions to leave the engineering profession. Our results revealed the top three sets of reasons underlying women's decision to leave the jobs and engineering field were related to: first, poor and/or inequitable compensation, poor working conditions, inflexible and demanding work environment that made work-family balance difficult; second, unmet achievement needs that reflected a dissatisfaction with effective utilization of their math and science skills, and third, unmet needs with regard to lack of recognition at work and adequate opportunities for advancement. Implications of these results for future research as well as the design of effective intervention programs aimed at women engineers' retention and engagement in engineering are discussed.

Automotive Stirling engine: Mod 2 design report

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nightingale, Noel P.

1986-01-01

The design of an automotive Stirling engine that achieves the superior fuel economy potential of the Stirling cycle is described. As the culmination of a 9-yr development program, this engine, designated the Mod 2, also nullifies arguments that Stirling engines are heavy, expensive, unreliable, demonstrating poor performance. Installed in a General Motors Chevrolet Celebrity car, this engine has a predicted combined fuel economy on unleaded gasoline of 17.5 km/l (41 mpg)- a value 50% above the current vehicle fleet average. The Mod 2 Stirling engine is a four-cylinder V-drive design with a single crankshaft. The engine is also equipped with all the controls and auxiliaries necessary for automotive operation.

Dialogue on sustainable development as part of engineering education: the relevance of the Finnish case : commentary on "a national collaboration process: Finnish engineering education for the benefit of people and environment".

PubMed

Geerts, Robert

2013-12-01

Society invests in the education of engineers because it is expected that the works of engineers will bring good results for society. Because the work of engineers is not value free or neutral, it is important that engineers are educated in the important principles of the social sciences and humanities. This education is essential for the awareness and understanding of what is good for society. Therefore the concept of sustainable development should be part of an education in engineering but only when the social sciences are also a part of it.

Repurposing Mass-produced Internal Combustion Engines Quantifying the Value and Use of Low-cost Internal Combustion Piston Engines for Modular Applications in Energy and Chemical Engineering Industries

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

L'Heureux, Zara E.

This thesis proposes that internal combustion piston engines can help clear the way for a transformation in the energy, chemical, and refining industries that is akin to the transition computer technology experienced with the shift from large mainframes to small personal computers and large farms of individually small, modular processing units. This thesis provides a mathematical foundation, multi-dimensional optimizations, experimental results, an engine model, and a techno-economic assessment, all working towards quantifying the value of repurposing internal combustion piston engines for new applications in modular, small-scale technologies, particularly for energy and chemical engineering systems. Many chemical engineering and power generation industries have focused on increasing individual unit sizes and centralizing production. This "bigger is better" concept makes it difficult to evolve and incorporate change. Large systems are often designed with long lifetimes, incorporate innovation slowly, and necessitate high upfront investment costs. Breaking away from this cycle is essential for promoting change, especially change happening quickly in the energy and chemical engineering industries. The ability to evolve during a system's lifetime provides a competitive advantage in a field dominated by large and often very old equipment that cannot respond to technology change. This thesis specifically highlights the value of small, mass-manufactured internal combustion piston engines retrofitted to participate in non-automotive system designs. The applications are unconventional and stem first from the observation that, when normalized by power output, internal combustion engines are one hundred times less expensive than conventional, large power plants. This cost disparity motivated a look at scaling laws to determine if scaling across both individual unit size and number of units produced would predict the two order of magnitude difference seen here. For the first time, this thesis provides a mathematical analysis of scaling with a combination of both changing individual unit size and varying the total number of units produced. Different paths to meet a particular cumulative capacity are analyzed and show that total costs are path dependent and vary as a function of the unit size and number of units produced. The path dependence identified is fairly weak, however, and for all practical applications, the underlying scaling laws seem unaffected. This analysis continues to support the interest in pursuing designs built around small, modular infrastructure. Building on the observation that internal combustion engines are an inexpensive power-producing unit, the first optimization in this thesis focuses on quantifying the value of engine capacity committing to deliver power in the day-ahead electricity and reserve markets, specifically based on pricing from the New York Independent System Operator (NYISO). An optimization was written in Python to determine, based on engine cost, fuel cost, engine wear, engine lifetime, and electricity prices, when and how much of an engine's power should be committed to a particular energy market. The optimization aimed to maximize profit for the engine and generator (engine genset) system acting as a price-taker. The result is an annual profit on the order of \\$30 per kilowatt. The most value in the engine genset is in its commitments to the spinning reserve market, where power is often committed but not always called on to deliver. This analysis highlights the benefits of modularity in energy generation and provides one example where the system is so inexpensive and short-lived, that the optimization views the engine replacement cost as a consumable operating expense rather than a capital cost. Having the opportunity to incorporate incremental technological improvements in a system's infrastructure throughout its lifetime allows introduction of new technology with higher efficiencies and better designs. An alternative to traditionally large infrastructure that locks in a design and today's state-of-the-art technology for the next 50 - 70 years, is a system designed to incorporate new technology in a modular fashion. The modular engine genset system used for power generation is one example of how this works in practice. The largest single component of this thesis is modeling, designing, retrofitting, and testing a reciprocating piston engine used as a compressor. Motivated again by the low cost of an internal combustion engine, this work looks at how an engine (which is, in its conventional form, essentially a reciprocating compressor) can be cost-effectively retrofitted to perform as a small-scale gas compressor. In the laboratory, an engine compressor was built by retrofitting a one-cylinder, 79 cc engine. Various retrofitting techniques were incorporated into the system design, and the engine compressor performance was quantified in each iteration. Because the retrofitted engine is now a power consumer rather than a power-producing unit, the engine compressor is driven in the laboratory with an electric motor. Experimentally, compressed air engine exhaust (starting at elevated inlet pressures) surpassed 650 psia (about 45 bar), which makes this system very attractive for many applications in chemical engineering and refining industries. A model of the engine compressor system was written in Python and incorporates experimentally-derived parameters to quantify gas leakage, engine friction, and flow (including backflow) through valves. The model as a whole was calibrated and verified with experimental data and is used to explore engine retrofits beyond what was tested in the laboratory. Along with the experimental and modeling work, a techno-economic assessment is included to compare the engine compressor system with state-of-the-art, commercially-available compressors. Included in the financial analysis is a case study where an engine compressor system is modeled to achieve specific compression needs. The result of the assessment is that, indeed, the low engine cost, even with the necessary retrofits, provides a cost advantage over incumbent compression technologies. Lastly, this thesis provides an algorithm and case study for another application of small-scale units in energy infrastructure, specifically in energy storage. This study focuses on quantifying the value of small-scale, onsite energy storage in shaving peak power demands. This case study focuses on university-level power demands. The analysis finds that, because peak power is so costly, even small amounts of energy storage, when dispatched optimally, can provide significant cost reductions. This provides another example of the value of small-scale implementations, particularly in energy infrastructure. While the study focuses on flywheels and batteries as the energy storage medium, engine gensets could also be used to deliver power and shave peak power demands. The overarching goal of this thesis is to introduce small-scale, modular infrastructure, with a particular focus on the opportunity to retrofit and repurpose inexpensive, mass-manufactured internal combustion engines in new and unconventional applications. The modeling and experimental work presented in this dissertation show very compelling results for engines incorporated into both energy generation infrastructure and chemical engineering industries via compression technologies. The low engine cost provides an opportunity to add retrofits whilst remaining cost competitive with the incumbent technology. This work supports the claim that modular infrastructure, built on the indivisible unit of an internal combustion engine, can revolutionize many industries by providing a low-cost mechanism for rapid change and promoting small-scale designs.

Performance of a Laser Ignited Multicylinder Lean Burn Natural Gas Engine

DOE PAGES

Almansour, Bader; Vasu, Subith; Gupta, Sreenath B.; ...

2017-06-06

Market demands for lower fueling costs and higher specific powers in stationary natural gas engines has engine designs trending towards higher in-cylinder pressures and leaner combustion operation. However, Ignition remains as the main limiting factor in achieving further performance improvements in these engines. Addressing this concern, while incorporating various recent advances in optics and laser technologies, laser igniters were designed and developed through numerous iterations. Final designs incorporated water-cooled, passively Q-switched, Nd:YAG micro-lasers that were optimized for stable operation under harsh engine conditions. Subsequently, the micro-lasers were installed in the individual cylinders of a lean-burn, 350 kW, inline 6-cylinder, open-chamber,more » spark ignited engine and tests were conducted. To the best of our knowledge, this is the world’s first demonstration of a laser ignited multi-cylinder natural gas engine. The engine was operated at high-load (298 kW) and rated speed (1800 rpm) conditions. Ignition timing sweeps and excess-air ratio (λ) sweeps were performed while keeping the NOx emissions below the USEPA regulated value (BSNOx < 1.34 g/kW-hr), and while maintaining ignition stability at industry acceptable values (COV_IMEP <5 %). Through such engine tests, the relative merits of (i) standard electrical ignition system, and (ii) laser ignition system were determined. In conclusion, a rigorous combustion data analysis was performed and the main reasons leading to improved performance in the case of laser ignition were identified.« less

Performance of a Laser Ignited Multicylinder Lean Burn Natural Gas Engine

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Almansour, Bader; Vasu, Subith; Gupta, Sreenath B.

Market demands for lower fueling costs and higher specific powers in stationary natural gas engines has engine designs trending towards higher in-cylinder pressures and leaner combustion operation. However, Ignition remains as the main limiting factor in achieving further performance improvements in these engines. Addressing this concern, while incorporating various recent advances in optics and laser technologies, laser igniters were designed and developed through numerous iterations. Final designs incorporated water-cooled, passively Q-switched, Nd:YAG micro-lasers that were optimized for stable operation under harsh engine conditions. Subsequently, the micro-lasers were installed in the individual cylinders of a lean-burn, 350 kW, inline 6-cylinder, open-chamber,more » spark ignited engine and tests were conducted. To the best of our knowledge, this is the world’s first demonstration of a laser ignited multi-cylinder natural gas engine. The engine was operated at high-load (298 kW) and rated speed (1800 rpm) conditions. Ignition timing sweeps and excess-air ratio (λ) sweeps were performed while keeping the NOx emissions below the USEPA regulated value (BSNOx < 1.34 g/kW-hr), and while maintaining ignition stability at industry acceptable values (COV_IMEP <5 %). Through such engine tests, the relative merits of (i) standard electrical ignition system, and (ii) laser ignition system were determined. In conclusion, a rigorous combustion data analysis was performed and the main reasons leading to improved performance in the case of laser ignition were identified.« less

Promoting innovation: Enhancing transdisciplinary opportunities for medical and engineering students.

PubMed

Brazile, Tiffany; Hostetter Shoop, Glenda; McDonough, Christine M; Van Citters, Douglas W

2018-01-30

Addressing current healthcare challenges requires innovation and collaboration. Current literature provides limited guidance in promoting these skills in medical school. One approach involves transdisciplinary training in which students from different disciplines work together toward a shared goal. We assessed the need for such a curriculum at Dartmouth College. We surveyed medical and engineering students' educational values; learning experiences; professional goals; and interest in transdisciplinary education and innovation. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Shared values among student groups included leadership development, innovation, collaboration, and resource sharing. Medical students felt their curriculum inadequately addressed creativity and innovation relative to their engineering counterparts (p < 0.05). Medical students felt less prepared for entrepreneurial activities (p < 0.05), while engineering students indicated a need for basic medical knowledge and patient-oriented design factors. Despite strong interest, collaboration was less than 50% of indicated interest. Medical and engineering students share an interest in the innovation process and need a shared curriculum to facilitate collaboration. A transdisciplinary course that familiarizes students with this process has the potential to promote physicians and engineers as leaders and innovators who can effectively work across industry lines. A transdisciplinary course was piloted in Spring 2017.

Real-time sensor data validation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bickmore, Timothy W.

1994-01-01

This report describes the status of an on-going effort to develop software capable of detecting sensor failures on rocket engines in real time. This software could be used in a rocket engine controller to prevent the erroneous shutdown of an engine due to sensor failures which would otherwise be interpreted as engine failures by the control software. The approach taken combines analytical redundancy with Bayesian belief networks to provide a solution which has well defined real-time characteristics and well-defined error rates. Analytical redundancy is a technique in which a sensor's value is predicted by using values from other sensors and known or empirically derived mathematical relations. A set of sensors and a set of relations among them form a network of cross-checks which can be used to periodically validate all of the sensors in the network. Bayesian belief networks provide a method of determining if each of the sensors in the network is valid, given the results of the cross-checks. This approach has been successfully demonstrated on the Technology Test Bed Engine at the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center. Current efforts are focused on extending the system to provide a validation capability for 100 sensors on the Space Shuttle Main Engine.

Just sustainability? Sustainability and social justice in professional codes of ethics for engineers.

PubMed

Brauer, Cletus S

2013-09-01

Should environmental, social, and economic sustainability be of primary concern to engineers? Should social justice be among these concerns? Although the deterioration of our natural environment and the increase in social injustices are among today's most pressing and important issues, engineering codes of ethics and their paramountcy clause, which contains those values most important to engineering and to what it means to be an engineer, do not yet put either concept on a par with the safety, health, and welfare of the public. This paper addresses a recent proposal by Michelfelder and Jones (2011) to include sustainability in the paramountcy clause as a way of rectifying the current disregard for social justice issues in the engineering codes. That proposal builds on a certain notion of sustainability that includes social justice as one of its dimensions and claims that social justice is a necessary condition for sustainability, not vice versa. The relationship between these concepts is discussed, and the original proposal is rejected. Drawing on insights developed throughout the paper, some suggestions are made as to how one should address the different requirements that theory and practice demand of the value taxonomy of professional codes of ethics.

2D soil and engineering-seismic bedrock modeling of eastern part of Izmir inner bay/Turkey

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pamuk, Eren; Akgün, Mustafa; Özdağ, Özkan Cevdet; Gönenç, Tolga

2017-02-01

Soil-bedrock models are used as a base when the earthquake-soil common behaviour is defined. Moreover, the medium which is defined as bedrock is classified as engineering and seismic bedrock in itself. In these descriptions, S-wave velocity is (Vs) used as a base. The mediums are called soil where the Vs is < 760 m/s, the bigger ones are called bedrock as well. Additionally, the parts are called engineering bedrock where the Vs is between 3000 m/s and 760 m/s, the parts where are bigger than 3000 m/s called seismic bedrock. The interfacial's horizontal topography where is between engineering and seismic bedrock is effective on earthquake's effect changing on the soil surface. That's why, 2D soil-bedrock models must be used to estimate the earthquake effect that could occur on the soil surface. In this research, surface wave methods and microgravity method were used for occuring the 2D soil-bedrock models in the east of İzmir bay. In the first stage, velocity values were obtained by the studies using surface wave methods. Then, density values were calculated from these velocity values by the help of the empiric relations. 2D soil-bedrock models were occurred based upon both Vs and changing of density by using these density values in microgravity model. When evaluating the models, it was determined that the soil is 300-400 m thickness and composed of more than one layers in parts where are especially closer to the bay. Moreover, it was observed that the soil thickness changes in the direction of N-S. In the study area, geologically, it should be thought the engineering bedrock is composed of Bornova melange and seismic bedrock unit is composed of Menderes massif. Also, according to the geophysical results, Neogene limestone and andesite units at between 200 and 400 m depth show that engineering bedrock characteristic.

Researching primary engineering education: UK perspectives, an exploratory study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Clark, Robin; Andrews, Jane

2010-10-01

This paper draws attention to the findings of an exploratory study that critically identified and analysed relevant perceptions of elementary level engineering education within the UK. Utilising an approach based upon grounded theory methodology, 30 participants including teachers, representatives of government bodies and non-profit providers of primary level engineering initiatives were interviewed. Three main concepts were identified during the analysis of findings, each relevant to primary engineering education. These were pedagogic issues, exposure to engineering within the curriculum and children's interest. The paper concludes that the opportunity to make a real difference to children's education by stimulating their engineering imagination suggests this subject area is of particular value.

Modeling of a Turbofan Engine with Ice Crystal Ingestion in the NASA Propulsion System Laboratory

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Veres, Joseph P.; Jorgenson, Philip C. E.; Jones, Scott M.; Nili, Samaun

2017-01-01

The main focus of this study is to apply a computational tool for the flow analysis of the turbine engine that has been tested with ice crystal ingestion in the Propulsion Systems Laboratory (PSL) at NASA Glenn Research Center. The PSL has been used to test a highly instrumented Honeywell ALF502R-5A (LF11) turbofan engine at simulated altitude operating conditions. Test data analysis with an engine cycle code and a compressor flow code was conducted to determine the values of key icing parameters, that can indicate the risk of ice accretion, which can lead to engine rollback (un-commanded loss of engine thrust). The full engine aerothermodynamic performance was modeled with the Honeywell Customer Deck specifically created for the ALF502R-5A engine. The mean-line compressor flow analysis code, which includes a code that models the state of the ice crystal, was used to model the air flow through the fan-core and low pressure compressor. The results of the compressor flow analyses included calculations of the ice-water flow rate to air flow rate ratio (IWAR), the local static wet bulb temperature, and the particle melt ratio throughout the flow field. It was found that the assumed particle size had a large effect on the particle melt ratio, and on the local wet bulb temperature. In this study the particle size was varied parametrically to produce a non-zero calculated melt ratio in the exit guide vane (EGV) region of the low pressure compressor (LPC) for the data points that experienced a growth of blockage there, and a subsequent engine called rollback (CRB). At data points where the engine experienced a CRB having the lowest wet bulb temperature of 492 degrees Rankine at the EGV trailing edge, the smallest particle size that produced a non-zero melt ratio (between 3 percent - 4 percent) was on the order of 1 micron. This value of melt ratio was utilized as the target for all other subsequent data points analyzed, while the particle size was varied from 1 micron - 9.5 microns to achieve the target melt ratio. For data points that did not experience a CRB which had static wet bulb temperatures in the EGV region below 492 degrees Rankine, a non-zero melt ratio could not be achieved even with a 1 micron ice particle size. The highest value of static wet bulb temperature for data points that experienced engine CRB was 498 degrees Rankine with a particle size of 9.5 microns. Based on this study of the LF11 engine test data, the range of static wet bulb temperature at the EGV exit for engine CRB was in the narrow range of 492 degrees Rankine - 498 degrees Rankine , while the minimum value of IWAR was 0.002. The rate of blockage growth due to ice accretion and boundary layer growth was estimated by scaling from a known blockage growth rate that was determined in a previous study. These results obtained from the LF11 engine analysis formed the basis of a unique “icing wedge.”

Airesearch QCGAT program. [quiet clean general aviation turbofan engines

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Heldenbrand, R. W.; Norgren, W. M.

1979-01-01

A model TFE731-1 engine was used as a baseline for the NASA quiet clean general aviation turbofan engine and engine/nacelle program designed to demonstrate the applicability of large turbofan engine technology to small general aviation turbofan engines, and to obtain significant reductions in noise and pollutant emissions while reducing or maintaining fuel consumption levels. All new technology design for rotating parts and all items in the engine and nacelle that contributed to the acoustic and pollution characteristics of the engine system were of flight design, weight, and construction. The major noise, emissions, and performance goals were met. Noise levels estimated for the three FAR Part 36 conditions, are 10 t0 15 ENPdB below FAA requirements; emission values are considerably reduced below that of current technology engines; and the engine performance represents a TSFC improvement of approximately 9 percent over other turbofan engines.

Collagen-chitosan scaffold - Lauric acid plasticizer for skin tissue engineering on burn cases

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Widiyanti, Prihartini; Setyadi, Ewing Dian; Rudyardjo, Djony Izak

2017-02-01

The prevalence of burns in the world is more than 800 cases per one million people each year and this is the second highest cause of death due to trauma after traffic accident. Many studies are turning to skin substitute methods of tissue engineering. The purpose of this study is to determine the composition of the collagen, chitosan, and lauric acid scaffold, as well as knowing the results of the characterization of the scaffold. The synthesis of chitosan collagen lauric acid scaffold as a skin tissue was engineered using freeze dried method. Results from making of collagen chitosan lauric acid scaffold was characterized physically, biologically and mechanically by SEM, cytotoxicity, biodegradation, and tensile strength. From the morphology test, the result obtained is that pore diameter size ranges from 94.11 to 140.1 µm for samples A,B,C,D, which are in the range of normal pore size 63-150 µm, while sample E has value below the standard which is about 37.87 to 47.36 µm. From cytotoxicity assay, the result obtained is the percentage value of living cells between 20.11 to 21.51%. This value is below 50% the standard value of living cells. Incompatibility is made possible because of human error mainly the replication of washing process over the standard. Degradation testing obtained values of 19.44% - 40% by weight which are degraded during the 7 days of observation. Tensile test results obtained a range of values of 0.192 - 3.53 MPa. Only sample A (3.53 MPa) and B (1.935 MPa) meet the standard values of skin tissue scaffold that is 1-24 MPa. Based on the results of the characteristics of this study, composite chitosan collagen scaffold with lauric acid plasticizer has a potential candidate for skin tissue engineering for skin burns cases.

Apparatus for controlling air/fuel ratio for internal combustion engine

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kato, K.; Mizuno, T.

1986-07-08

This patent describes an apparatus for controlling air-fuel ratio of an air-fuel mixture to be supplied to an internal combustion engine having an intake passage, an exhaust passage, an an exhaust gas recirculation passage for recirculating exhaust gases in the exhaust passage to the intake passage therethrough. The apparatus consists of: (a) means for sensing rotational speed of the engine; (b) means for sensing intake pressure in the intake passage; (c) means for sensing atmospheric pressure; (d) means for enabling and disabling exhaust gas recirculation through the exhaust gas recirculation passage in accordance with operating condition of the engine; (e)more » means for determining required amount of fuel in accordance with the sensed rotational speed and the sensed intake pressure; (f) means for determining, when the exhaust gas recirculation is enabled, a first correction value in accordance with the sensed rotational speed, the sensed intake pressure and the sensed atmospheric pressure, the first correction factor being used for correcting fuel amount so as to compensate for the decrease of fuel due to the performance of exhaust gas recirculation and also to compensate for the change in atmospheric pressure; (g) means for determining, when the exhaust gas recirculation is disabled, a second correction value in accordance with the atmospheric pressure, the second correction factor being used so as to compensate for the change in atmospheric pressure; (h) means for correcting the required amount of fuel by the first correction value and the second correction value when the exhaust gas recirculation is enabled and disabled respectively; and (i) means for supplying the engine with the corrected amount of fuel.« less

Rocket engine diagnostics using qualitative modeling techniques

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Binder, Michael; Maul, William; Meyer, Claudia; Sovie, Amy

1992-01-01

Researchers at NASA Lewis Research Center are presently developing qualitative modeling techniques for automated rocket engine diagnostics. A qualitative model of a turbopump interpropellant seal system has been created. The qualitative model describes the effects of seal failures on the system steady-state behavior. This model is able to diagnose the failure of particular seals in the system based on anomalous temperature and pressure values. The anomalous values input to the qualitative model are generated using numerical simulations. Diagnostic test cases include both single and multiple seal failures.

Rocket engine diagnostics using qualitative modeling techniques

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Binder, Michael; Maul, William; Meyer, Claudia; Sovie, Amy

1992-01-01

Researchers at NASA Lewis Research Center are presently developing qualitative modeling techniques for automated rocket engine diagnostics. A qualitative model of a turbopump interpropellant seal system was created. The qualitative model describes the effects of seal failures on the system steady state behavior. This model is able to diagnose the failure of particular seals in the system based on anomalous temperature and pressure values. The anomalous values input to the qualitative model are generated using numerical simulations. Diagnostic test cases include both single and multiple seal failures.

Numerical and flight measured interior noise characteristics of a twin-engine turboprop general aviation aircraft

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Marulo, F.; Lecce, L.; de Rosa, S.; D'Amato, C. A.; Verde, G.

The paper presents the flight test results of an interior noise measurement campaign on a twin-engine turboprop general aviation aircraft conducted for assessing the real values inside such aircraft and for approaching the problem of its noise reduction. Simultaneously a numerical study has been performed in order to correlate the experimental and the theoretical values, trying to come out with some guidelines for possible improvements without increasing excessively the costs of such study.

Exhaust gas bypass valve control for thermoelectric generator

DOEpatents

Reynolds, Michael G; Yang, Jihui; Meisner, Greogry P.; Stabler, Francis R.; De Bock, Hendrik Pieter Jacobus; Anderson, Todd Alan

2012-09-04

A method of controlling engine exhaust flow through at least one of an exhaust bypass and a thermoelectric device via a bypass valve is provided. The method includes: determining a mass flow of exhaust exiting an engine; determining a desired exhaust pressure based on the mass flow of exhaust; comparing the desired exhaust pressure to a determined exhaust pressure; and determining a bypass valve control value based on the comparing, wherein the bypass valve control value is used to control the bypass valve.

Fuzzy simulation in concurrent engineering

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kraslawski, A.; Nystrom, L.

1992-01-01

Concurrent engineering is becoming a very important practice in manufacturing. A problem in concurrent engineering is the uncertainty associated with the values of the input variables and operating conditions. The problem discussed in this paper concerns the simulation of processes where the raw materials and the operational parameters possess fuzzy characteristics. The processing of fuzzy input information is performed by the vertex method and the commercial simulation packages POLYMATH and GEMS. The examples are presented to illustrate the usefulness of the method in the simulation of chemical engineering processes.

Calculation of Free-Atom Fractions in Hydrocarbon-Fueled Rocket Engine Plume

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Verma, Satyajit

2006-01-01

Free atom fractions (Beta) of nine elements are calculated in the exhaust plume of CH4- oxygen and RP-1-oxygen fueled rocket engines using free energy minimization method. The Chemical Equilibrium and Applications (CEA) computer program developed by the Glenn Research Center, NASA is used for this purpose. Data on variation of Beta in both fuels as a function of temperature (1600 K - 3100 K) and oxygen to fuel ratios (1.75 to 2.25 by weight) is presented in both tabular and graphical forms. Recommendation is made for the Beta value for a tenth element, Palladium. The CEA computer code was also run to compare with experimentally determined Beta values reported in literature for some of these elements. A reasonable agreement, within a factor of three, between the calculated and reported values is observed. Values reported in this work will be used as a first approximation for pilot rocket engine testing studies at the Stennis Space Center for at least six elements Al, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe and Ni - until experimental values are generated. The current estimates will be improved when more complete thermodynamic data on the remaining four elements Ag, Co, Mn and Pd are added to the database. A critique of the CEA code is also included.

Inlet Flow Characteristics During Rapid Maneuvers for an F/A-18A Airplane

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Steenken, William G.; Williams, John G.; Walsh, Kevin R.

1999-01-01

The F404-GE-400 engine powered F/A-18A High Alpha Research Vehicle (HARV) was used to examine the characteristics of inlet airflow during rapid aircraft maneuvers. A study of the degree of similarity between inlet data obtained during rapid aircraft maneuvers and inlet data obtained at steady aerodynamic attitudes was conducted at the maximum engine airflow of approximately 145 Ibm/sec using a computer model that was generated from inlet data obtained during steady aerodynamic maneuvers. Results show that rapid-maneuver inlet recoveries agreed very well with the recoveries obtained at equivalent stabilized angle-of-attack conditions. The peak dynamic circumferential distortion values obtained during rapid maneuvers agreed within 0.01 units of distortion over the 10 - 38 degree angle of attack range with the values obtained during steady aerodynamic maneuvers while similar agreement was found for the peak dynamic radial distortion values up to 29 degrees angle-of-attack. Exceedences of the rapid-maneuver peak dynamic circumferential distortion values relative to the peak distortion model values at steady attitudes occurred only at low or negative angles of attack and were inconsequential from an engine-stability assessment point of view. The results of this study validate the current industry practice of testing at steady aerodynamic conditions to characterize inlet recovery and peak dynamic distortion levels.

Comparison of aldehyde emissions simulation with FTIR measurements in the exhaust of a spark ignition engine fueled by ethanol

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zarante, Paola Helena Barros; Sodré, José Ricardo

2018-07-01

This work presents a numerical simulation model for aldehyde formation and exhaust emissions from ethanol-fueled spark ignition engines. The aldehyde simulation model was developed using FORTRAN software, with the input data obtained from the dedicated engine cycle simulation software AVL BOOST. The model calculates formaldehyde and acetaldehyde concentrations from post-flame partial oxidation of methane, ethane and unburned ethanol. The calculated values were compared with experimental data obtained from a mid-size sedan powered by a 1.4-l spark ignition engine, tested on a chassis dynamometer. Exhaust aldehyde concentrations were determined using a Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy analyzer. In general, the results demonstrate that the concentrations of aldehydes and the source elements increased with engine speed and exhaust gas temperature. The measured acetaldehyde concentrations showed values from 3 to 6 times higher than formaldehyde in the range studied. The model could predict reasonably well the qualitative experimental trends, with the quantitative results showing a maximum discrepancy of 39% for acetaldehyde concentration and 21 ppm for exhaust formaldehyde.

Comparison of aldehyde emissions simulation with FTIR measurements in the exhaust of a spark ignition engine fueled by ethanol

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zarante, Paola Helena Barros; Sodré, José Ricardo

2018-02-01

This work presents a numerical simulation model for aldehyde formation and exhaust emissions from ethanol-fueled spark ignition engines. The aldehyde simulation model was developed using FORTRAN software, with the input data obtained from the dedicated engine cycle simulation software AVL BOOST. The model calculates formaldehyde and acetaldehyde concentrations from post-flame partial oxidation of methane, ethane and unburned ethanol. The calculated values were compared with experimental data obtained from a mid-size sedan powered by a 1.4-l spark ignition engine, tested on a chassis dynamometer. Exhaust aldehyde concentrations were determined using a Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy analyzer. In general, the results demonstrate that the concentrations of aldehydes and the source elements increased with engine speed and exhaust gas temperature. The measured acetaldehyde concentrations showed values from 3 to 6 times higher than formaldehyde in the range studied. The model could predict reasonably well the qualitative experimental trends, with the quantitative results showing a maximum discrepancy of 39% for acetaldehyde concentration and 21 ppm for exhaust formaldehyde.

AQUATOX Data Sources Documents

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Contains the data sources for parameter values of the AQUATOX model including: a bibliography for the AQUATOX data libraries and the compendia of parameter values for US Army Corps of Engineers models.

Comparative analysis of student self-reflections on course projects

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pomales-García, Cristina; Cortés Barreto, Kenneth

2014-11-01

This study presents the skills, experiences, and values identified in project self-reflections of 161 undergraduate engineering students. Self-reflections from two different engineering design courses, which provide experiences in project-based learning (PBL), are analysed through the content analysis methodology. Results show that 'application', 'true life', 'satisfaction', and 'communication' are the common keywords shared in the reflections. Multiple hypothesis tests to identify differences between courses, project types, years, and gender suggest that there are no significant differences between experiences, skills, and values self-reported by students who completed either a case study or an industry project. Based on research findings, recommendations will be provided to enhance the engineering curriculum based on PBL experiences to support the development of relevant professional skills and experiences.

ARROWSMITH-P: A prototype expert system for software engineering management

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Basili, Victor R.; Ramsey, Connie Loggia

1985-01-01

Although the field of software engineering is relatively new, it can benefit from the use of expert systems. Two prototype expert systems were developed to aid in software engineering management. Given the values for certain metrics, these systems will provide interpretations which explain any abnormal patterns of these values during the development of a software project. The two systems, which solve the same problem, were built using different methods, rule-based deduction and frame-based abduction. A comparison was done to see which method was better suited to the needs of this field. It was found that both systems performed moderately well, but the rule-based deduction system using simple rules provided more complete solutions than did the frame-based abduction system.

The Study on Neuro-IE Management Software in Manufacturing Enterprises. -The Application of Video Analysis Technology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bian, Jun; Fu, Huijian; Shang, Qian; Zhou, Xiangyang; Ma, Qingguo

This paper analyzes the outstanding problems in current industrial production by reviewing the three stages of the Industrial Engineering Development. Based on investigations and interviews in enterprises, we propose the new idea of applying "computer video analysis technology" to new industrial engineering management software, and add "loose-coefficient" of the working station to this software in order to arrange scientific and humanistic production. Meanwhile, we suggest utilizing Biofeedback Technology to promote further research on "the rules of workers' physiological, psychological and emotional changes in production". This new kind of combination will push forward industrial engineering theories and benefit enterprises in progressing towards flexible social production, thus it will be of great theory innovation value, social significance and application value.

The social construction of copyright ethics and values.

PubMed

Slaughter, Sheila; Rhoades, Gary

2010-06-01

This study is based on analysis of copyright policies and 26 interviews with science and engineering faculty at three research universities on the topic of copyright beliefs, values, and practices, with emphasis on copyright of instructional materials, courseware, tools, and texts. Given that research universities now emphasize increasing external revenue flows through marketing of intellectual property, we expected copyright to follow the path of patents and lead to institutional emphasis of policies and practices that enhanced universities' intellectual property portfolios, accompanied by an increase in copyrighting by professors. Although this pattern occurred with regard to institutions, professors offered a more varied pattern, with some fully participating in commercialization of copyright and embracing entrepreneurial values, while others resisted or subverted commercial activity in favor of traditional science and engineering values.

48 CFR 1348.102 - Policies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... ENGINEERING Policies and Procedures 1348.102 Policies. (a) Contracting activities shall send contractor-submitted Value Engineering Change Proposals (VECPs) to the appropriate technical personnel for review. (b... adequacy of the contractor's estimate of cost savings; make a written report; and recommend acceptance or...

48 CFR 1348.102 - Policies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... ENGINEERING Policies and Procedures 1348.102 Policies. (a) Contracting activities shall send contractor-submitted Value Engineering Change Proposals (VECPs) to the appropriate technical personnel for review. (b... adequacy of the contractor's estimate of cost savings; make a written report; and recommend acceptance or...

48 CFR 1348.102 - Policies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... ENGINEERING Policies and Procedures 1348.102 Policies. (a) Contracting activities shall send contractor-submitted Value Engineering Change Proposals (VECPs) to the appropriate technical personnel for review. (b... adequacy of the contractor's estimate of cost savings; make a written report; and recommend acceptance or...

40 CFR 1065.940 - Emission calculations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... CONTROLS ENGINE-TESTING PROCEDURES Field Testing and Portable Emission Measurement Systems § 1065.940...-specific emissions for each test interval using any applicable information and instructions in the standard.... Determine this fixed value by engineering analysis. [75 FR 68467, Nov. 8, 2010] ...

MIT January Operational Internship Experience 2011

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

DeLatte, Danielle; Furhmann, Adam; Habib, Manal; Joujon-Roche, Cecily; Opara, Nnaemeka; Pasterski, Sabrina Gonzalez; Powell, Christina; Wimmer, Andrew

2011-01-01

This slide presentation reviews the 2011 January Operational Internship experience (JOIE) program which allows students to study operational aspects of spaceflight, how design affects operations and systems engineering in practice for 3 weeks. Topics include: (1) Systems Engineering (2) NASA Organization (3) Workforce Core Values (4) Human Factors (5) Safety (6) Lean Engineering (7) NASA Now (8) Press, Media, and Outreach and (9) Future of Spaceflight.

AFRL Solid Propellant Laboratory Explosive Siting and Renovation Lessons Learned

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-07-01

Area 1-30A explosive facility and provide consultation/support during the review process for each of the site plans. • Applied Engineering Services...provided consultation/support during the siting review process. • Applied Engineering Services (AES) Inc. performed a detailed structural, blast, thermal... Applied Engineering Services (AES) Inc. structural, blast, thermal and fragment hazard analysis to determine the appropriate siting values based on

Integrating Rehabilitation Engineering Technology With Biologics

PubMed Central

Collinger, Jennifer L.; Dicianno, Brad E.; Weber, Douglas J.; Cui, Xinyan Tracy; Wang, Wei; Brienza, David M.; Boninger, Michael L.

2017-01-01

Rehabilitation engineers apply engineering principles to improve function or to solve challenges faced by persons with disabilities. It is critical to integrate the knowledge of biologics into the process of rehabilitation engineering to advance the field and maximize potential benefits to patients. Some applications in particular demonstrate the value of a symbiotic relationship between biologics and rehabilitation engineering. In this review we illustrate how researchers working with neural interfaces and integrated prosthetics, assistive technology, and biologics data collection are currently integrating these 2 fields. We also discuss the potential for further integration of biologics and rehabilitation engineering to deliver the best technologies and treatments to patients. Engineers and clinicians must work together to develop technologies that meet clinical needs and are accessible to the intended patient population. PMID:21703573

Systems metabolic engineering for chemicals and materials.

PubMed

Lee, Jeong Wook; Kim, Tae Yong; Jang, Yu-Sin; Choi, Sol; Lee, Sang Yup

2011-08-01

Metabolic engineering has contributed significantly to the enhanced production of various value-added and commodity chemicals and materials from renewable resources in the past two decades. Recently, metabolic engineering has been upgraded to the systems level (thus, systems metabolic engineering) by the integrated use of global technologies of systems biology, fine design capabilities of synthetic biology, and rational-random mutagenesis through evolutionary engineering. By systems metabolic engineering, production of natural and unnatural chemicals and materials can be better optimized in a multiplexed way on a genome scale, with reduced time and effort. Here, we review the recent trends in systems metabolic engineering for the production of chemicals and materials by presenting general strategies and showcasing representative examples. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Usability and Culture as Two of the Value Criteria for Evaluating the Artifact

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kurosu, Masaaki

In this paper, the conceptual framework of the Artifact Development Analysis (ADA) and its relationship to the usability engineering are outlined. The ADA analyses the significance of all artifacts including hardware, software, humanware and system. Its viewpoint extends both in temporal and spatial dimensions. In short, it deals with the diversity of the artifact and casts the questions "why it is so" and "why it is not so". In this respect, the ADA is related to the usability engineering as one of the value attitudes. The usability engineering puts emphasis on effectiveness and efficiency. The usability is not always the value criterion of highest importance and some people sometimes put more emphasis on other criteria such as the aesthetic aspect, the cost, etc. Based on the findings of ADA, we should focus on the extent where the usability can provide the core satisfaction and we should also summarize the guideline on how the artifact should be designed.

Recent advances in engineering propionyl-CoA metabolism for microbial production of value-added chemicals and biofuels.

PubMed

Srirangan, Kajan; Bruder, Mark; Akawi, Lamees; Miscevic, Dragan; Kilpatrick, Shane; Moo-Young, Murray; Chou, C Perry

2017-09-01

Diminishing fossil fuel reserves and mounting environmental concerns associated with petrochemical manufacturing practices have generated significant interests in developing whole-cell biocatalytic systems for the production of value-added chemicals and biofuels. Although acetyl-CoA is a common natural biogenic precursor for the biosynthesis of numerous metabolites, propionyl-CoA is unpopular and non-native to most organisms. Nevertheless, with its C3-acyl moiety as a discrete building block, propionyl-CoA can serve as another key biogenic precursor to several biological products of industrial importance. As a result, engineering propionyl-CoA metabolism, particularly in genetically tractable hosts with the use of inexpensive feedstocks, has paved an avenue for novel biomanufacturing. Herein, we present a systematic review on manipulation of propionyl-CoA metabolism as well as relevant genetic and metabolic engineering strategies for microbial production of value-added chemicals and biofuels, including odd-chain alcohols and organic acids, bio(co)polymers and polyketides. [Formula: see text].

Manipulating environmental stresses and stress tolerance of microalgae for enhanced production of lipids and value-added products-A review.

PubMed

Chen, Bailing; Wan, Chun; Mehmood, Muhammad Aamer; Chang, Jo-Shu; Bai, Fengwu; Zhao, Xinqing

2017-11-01

Microalgae have promising potential to produce lipids and a variety of high-value chemicals. Suitable stress conditions such as nitrogen starvation and high salinity could stimulate synthesis and accumulation of lipids and high-value products by microalgae, therefore, various stress-modification strategies were developed to manipulate and optimize cultivation processes to enhance bioproduction efficiency. On the other hand, advancements in omics-based technologies have boosted the research to globally understand microalgal gene regulation under stress conditions, which enable further improvement of production efficiency via genetic engineering. Moreover, integration of multi-omics data, synthetic biology design, and genetic engineering manipulations exhibits a tremendous potential in the betterment of microalgal biorefinery. This review discusses the process manipulation strategies and omics studies on understanding the regulation of metabolite biosynthesis under various stressful conditions, and proposes genetic engineering of microalgae to improve bioproduction via manipulating stress tolerance. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Preliminary Results of Altitude-Wind-Tunnel Investigation of X24C-4B Turbojet Engine. I - Pressure and Temperature Distributions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Prince, William R.; Hawkins, W. Kent

1947-01-01

Pressures and temperatures throughout the X24C-4B turbojet engine are presented in both tabular and graphical forms to show the effect of altitude, flight Mach number, and engine speed on the internal operation of the engine. These data were obtained in the NACA Cleveland altitude wind tunnel at simulated altitudes from 5000 to 45,000 feet, simulated flight Mach numbers from 0.25 to 1.08, and engine speeds from 4000 to 12,500 rpm. Location and detail drawings of the instrumentation installed at seven survey stations in the engine are shown. Application of generalization factors to pressures and temperatures at each measuring station for the range of altitudes investigated showed that the data did not generalize above an altitude of 25,000 feet. Total-pressure distribution at the compressor outlet varied only with change in engine speed. At altitudes above 35,000 feet and engine speeds above 11,000 rpm, the peak temperature at the turbine-outlet annulus moved inward toward the root of the blade, which is undesirable from blade-stress considerations. The temperature levels at the turbine outlet and the exhaust-nozzle outlet were lowered as the Mach number was increased. The static-pressure measurements obtained at each stator stage of the compressor showed a pressure drop through the inlet guide vanes and the first-stage rotor at high engine speeds. The average values measured by the manufacturer's instrumentation werein close agreement with the average values obtained with NACA instrumentation.

Value engineering on the designed operator work tools for brick and rings wells production

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ayu Bidiawati J., R.; Muchtiar, Yesmizarti; Wariza, Ragil Okta

2017-06-01

Operator working tools in making brick and ring wells were designed and made, and the value engineering was calculated to identify and develop the function of these tools in obtaining the balance between cost, reliability and appearance. This study focused on the value of functional components of the tools and attempted to increase the difference between the costs incurred by the generated values. The purpose of this study was to determine the alternatives of tools design and to determine the performance of each alternative. The technique was developed using FAST method that consisted of five stages: information, creative, analytical, development and presentation stage. The results of the analysis concluded that the designed tools have higher value and better function description. There were four alternative draft improvements for operator working tools. The best alternative was determined based on the rank by using matrix evaluation. Best performance was obtained by the alternative II, amounting to 98.92 with a value of 0.77.

Impact of oxygenated additives to diesel-biodiesel blends in the context of performance and emissions characteristics of a CI engine

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mahmudul, H. M.; Hagos, Ftwi Y.; Mamat, Rizalman; Abdullah, Abdul A.

2016-11-01

Butanol is receiving huge interest in the area of alternative fuel in the compression ignition (CI) engines. In this work, butanol is used as an oxygenated additive to diesel and biodiesel blend fuels to evaluate the performance and emission of CI engine. The commercially available pure diesel fuel (D100) and 80% commercially available diesel- biodiesel bled (5% biodiesel and 95% by volume) and 20% butanol (BU20) fuels were investigated to evaluate the effects of the fuel blends on the performance and exhaust emissions of a single cylinder diesel engine. The experiment was conducted at fixed load of 75% with the five engine speeds (from 1200-2400 rpm with an interval of 300 rpm). The engine performance parameters such as power, torque, fuel consumption and thermal efficiency and exhaust gas emissions such as nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and exhaust gas temperature were analysed from the experimental data. The results shows that although butanol addition has caused a slight reduction in power and torque values (11.1% and 3.5%, respectively), the emission values of the engine were improved. With respect to the exhaust gas temperature, CO and NOx emissions, of BU20 is reported to have reduction by 17.7%, 20% and 3%, respectively than the B100. Therefore, butanol can be used as a fuel additive to diesel-biodiesel blends.

A chondroitinase-ABC and TGF-β1 treatment regimen for enhancing the mechanical properties of tissue-engineered fibrocartilage.

PubMed

MacBarb, Regina F; Makris, Eleftherios A; Hu, Jerry C; Athanasiou, Kyriacos A

2013-01-01

The development of functionally equivalent fibrocartilage remains elusive despite efforts to engineer tissues such as knee meniscus, intervertebral disc and temporomandibular joint disc. Attempts to engineer these structures often fail to create tissues with mechanical properties on a par with native tissue, resulting in constructs unsuitable for clinical applications. The objective of this study was to engineer a spectrum of biomimetic fibrocartilages representative of the distinct functional properties found in native tissues. Using the self-assembly process, different co-cultures of meniscus cells and articular chondrocytes were seeded into agarose wells and treated with the catabolic agent chondroitinase-ABC (C-ABC) and the anabolic agent transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) via a two-factor (cell ratio and bioactive treatment), full factorial study design. Application of both C-ABC and TGF-β1 resulted in a beneficial or positive increase in the collagen content of treated constructs compared to controls. Significant increases in both the collagen density and fiber diameter were also seen with this treatment, increasing these values by 32 and 15%, respectively, over control values. Mechanical testing found the combined bioactive treatment to synergistically increase the Young's modulus and ultimate tensile strength of the engineered fibrocartilages compared to controls, with values reaching the lower spectrum of those found in native tissues. Together, these data demonstrate that C-ABC and TGF-β1 interact to develop a denser collagen matrix better able to withstand tensile loading. This study highlights a way to optimize the tensile properties of engineered fibrocartilage using a biochemical and a biophysical agent together to create distinct fibrocartilages with functional properties mimicking those of native tissue. Copyright © 2012 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A chondroitinase-ABC and TGF-β1 treatment regimen for enhancing the mechanical properties of tissue engineered fibrocartilage

PubMed Central

MacBarb, Regina F.; Makris, Eleftherios A.; Hu, Jerry C.; Athanasiou, Kyriacos A.

2012-01-01

The development of functionally equivalent fibrocartilage remains elusive despite efforts to engineer tissues such as the knee menisci, intervertebral disc, and TMJ disc. Attempts to engineer these structures often fail to create tissues with mechanical properties on par with native tissue, resulting in constructs unsuitable for clinical applications. The objective of this study was to engineer a spectrum of biomimetic fibrocartilages representative of the distinct functional properties found in native tissues. Using the self-assembly process, different co-cultures of meniscus cells (MCs) and articular chondrocytes (ACs) were seeded into agarose wells and treated with the catabolic agent chondroitinase-ABC (C-ABC) and the anabolic agent transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) via a two-factor (cell ratio and bioactive treatment), full factorial study design. Application of both C-ABC and TGF-β1 resulted in a beneficial or positive increase in the collagen content of treated constructs compared to controls. Significant increases in both the collagen density and fiber diameter were also seen with this treatment, increasing these values 32% and 15%, respectively, over control values. Mechanical testing found the combined bioactive treatment to synergistically increase the Young’s modulus and ultimate tensile strength of the engineered fibrocartilages compared to controls, with values reaching the lower spectrum of those found in native tissues. Together, these data demonstrate that C-ABC and TGF-β1 interact to develop a denser collagen matrix better able to withstand tensile loading. This study highlights a way to optimize the tensile properties of engineered fibrocartilage using a biochemical and biophysical agent together to create distinct fibrocartilages with functional properties mimicking those of native tissue. PMID:23041782

[Application of atomic absorption spectrometry in the engine knock detection].

PubMed

Chen, Li-Dan

2013-02-01

Because existing human experience diagnosis method and apparatus for auxiliary diagnosis method are difficult to diagnose quickly engine knock. Atomic absorption spectrometry was used to detect the automobile engine knock in in innovative way. After having determined Fe, Al, Cu, Cr and Pb content in the 35 groups of Audi A6 engine oil whose travel course is 2 000 -70 000 kilometers and whose sampling interval is 2 000 kilometers by atomic absorption spectrometry, the database of primary metal content in the same automobile engine at different mileage was established. The research shows that the main metal content fluctuates within a certain range. In practical engineering applications, after the determination of engine oil main metal content and comparison with its database value, it can not only help to diagnose the type and location of engine knock without the disintegration and reduce vehicle maintenance costs and improve the accuracy of engine knock fault diagnosis.

[Progress of research on genetic engineering antibody and its application in prevention and control of parasitic diseases].

PubMed

Yao, Yuan; Yu, Chuan-xin

2013-08-01

Antibody has extensive application prospects in the biomedical field. The inherent disadvantages of traditional polyclonal antibody and monoclonal antibody limit their application values. The humanized and fragmented antibody remodeling has given a rise to a series of genetic engineered antibody variant. This paper reviews the progress of research on genetic engineering antibody and its application in prevention and control of parasitic diseases.

A Case Study of Engineering Ethics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shimizu, Kazuo

In Engineering Ethics Class at Shizuoka University, the Code of Ethics and Cases for Electrical Engineers by IEEJ Ethics committee is used to promote for high education effect to correspond large number of students (140students). In this paper, a case study in the class, and survey results for ethics value of students are presented. In addition, some comments for role playing act on the case of virtual experiences by students are described.

[Assessment of acoustic environment and its effect on hearing in jet engine technical personnel].

PubMed

Konopka, Wiesław; Pawlaczyk-Luszczyńska, Małgorzata; Straszyński, Piotr; Sliwińska-Kowalska, Mariola

2004-01-01

Noise produced by jet engines may be harmful to aircraft servicing personnel because of high levels of acoustic pressure. The aim of the study was to assess the acoustic environment of persons exposed to jet engine noise and its effect on hearing. Noise measurements were performed on three jet engines. During the target practice, the following parameters were measured: equivalent noise, pressure level A, maximum sound pressure level A, and peak sound pressure level C. The spectro-analysis covering the range from 0.1 to 20 kHz was conducted. Hearing was assessed in 50 noise-exposed men, aged 24-51 years (mean age, 35.5 years), using PTA, tympanometry and DPOAE. The control group consisted of 40 non-exposed persons with good hearing condition. Maximum levels of acoustic pressure exceeded Polish standards. Comparison between two groups showed that PTA was higher in the exposed persons by 6.3-6.8 dB on average and DPOAE was reduced in the group exposed to jet engine noise more than it could have been expected. Even during a single test, aircraft technical personnel was exposed to (audible) noise that significantly exceeded admissible values. The reduction in DPOAE values in persons exposed to noise of jet engines was incommensurably higher than changes in PTA.

Local Coulomb explosion of boron nitride nanotubes under electron beam irradiation.

PubMed

Wei, Xianlong; Tang, Dai-Ming; Chen, Qing; Bando, Yoshio; Golberg, Dmitri

2013-04-23

In many previous reports, the engineering of nanostructures using electron beam irradiation (EBI) in a high vacuum has primarily been based on the knock-on atom displacement. Herein, we report a new phenomenon under EBI that can also be effectively used to engineer a nanostructure: local Coulomb explosion (LCE) of cantilevered multiwalled boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) resulted from their profound positive charging. The nanotubes are gradually shortened, while the tubular shells at free ends are torn into graphene-like pieces and then removed during LCE. The phenomenon is dependent not only on the characteristics of an incident electron beam, as in the case of a common knock-on process, but also on the cantilevered tube length. Only after the electron beam density and tube length exceed the threshold values can LCE take place, and the threshold value for one of the parameters decreases with increasing the value of the other one. A model based on the diffusion of electron-irradiation-induced holes along a BNNT is proposed to describe the positive charge accumulation and can well explain the observed LCE. LCE opens up an efficient and versatile way to engineer BNNTs and other dielectric nanostructures with a shorter time and a lower beam density than those required for the knock-on effect-based engineering.

40 CFR 92.102 - Definitions and abbreviations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF AIR POLLUTION FROM LOCOMOTIVES AND LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES Test Procedures § 92.102...), also apply: Accuracy means the difference between the measured value and the true value, where the true... otherwise. Readability means the smallest difference in measured values that can be detected. For example...

40 CFR 92.102 - Definitions and abbreviations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF AIR POLLUTION FROM LOCOMOTIVES AND LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES Test Procedures § 92.102...), also apply: Accuracy means the difference between the measured value and the true value, where the true... otherwise. Readability means the smallest difference in measured values that can be detected. For example...

40 CFR 92.102 - Definitions and abbreviations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF AIR POLLUTION FROM LOCOMOTIVES AND LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES Test Procedures § 92.102...), also apply: Accuracy means the difference between the measured value and the true value, where the true... otherwise. Readability means the smallest difference in measured values that can be detected. For example...

40 CFR 92.102 - Definitions and abbreviations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF AIR POLLUTION FROM LOCOMOTIVES AND LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES Test Procedures § 92.102...), also apply: Accuracy means the difference between the measured value and the true value, where the true... otherwise. Readability means the smallest difference in measured values that can be detected. For example...

78 FR 37818 - Request for Information on Toluene Diisocyanates

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-24

.... engineering controls, work practices, personal protective equipment, exposure data before and after... Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) threshold limit value (TLV) for TDI is 0.005 ppm... vitro and in vivo studies. (7) Information on control measures (e.g., engineering controls, work...

48 CFR 217.7401 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Definitions. 217.7401... Actions 217.7401 Definitions. As used in this subpart— (a) Contract action means an action which results... of the contract, e.g., engineering change proposals, value engineering change proposals, and over and...

40 CFR 1042.115 - Other requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE MARINE COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES AND VESSELS Emission... and electronic control modules. If you broadcast a surrogate parameter for torque values, you must... that is necessary for proper operation of the engine. (e) Prohibited controls. You may not design your...

40 CFR 1042.115 - Other requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE MARINE COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES AND VESSELS Emission... and electronic control modules. If you broadcast a surrogate parameter for torque values, you must... that is necessary for proper operation of the engine. (e) Prohibited controls. You may not design your...

40 CFR 1042.115 - Other requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE MARINE COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES AND VESSELS Emission... and electronic control modules. If you broadcast a surrogate parameter for torque values, you must... that is necessary for proper operation of the engine. (e) Prohibited controls. You may not design your...

40 CFR 1042.115 - Other requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE MARINE COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES AND VESSELS Emission... and electronic control modules. If you broadcast a surrogate parameter for torque values, you must... that is necessary for proper operation of the engine. (e) Prohibited controls. You may not design your...

Professional Skills Needed by Our Graduates

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Woods, Donald R.; Briedis, Daina; Perna, Angelo

2013-01-01

Accreditation agencies have outlined professional skills that should be possessed by engineering graduates. The question this paper addresses is "What professional skills do our recent graduates actually use and value as being important?" Young engineering professionals, as well as professionals in many different professions, were asked…

Sustainable and responsible design from a Christian worldview.

PubMed

Eisenbarth, Steven R; Van Treuren, Kenneth W

2004-04-01

Many aspects of design require engineers to make choices based on non-quantifiable personal perspectives. These decisions touch issues in aesthetics, ethics, social impact, and responsibility and sustainability. Part of Baylor University's mission is to provide a learning community in which Christian life values and worldviews might be integrated into academic disciplines. In view of this institutional commitment, members of the Engineering faculty are investigating how Christian worldviews might interact with elements of engineering design in such a way as to produce uniquely Christian insights and inform the non-quantifiable aspects of the engineering process.

Full-Authority Fault-Tolerant Electronic Engine Control Systems for Variable Cycle Engines.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-12-01

Geometry or Fuel Flow Scheduled as a Function of Engine State, i.e. FIGV = f( N1 C2 ) Closed Loop - Geometry or Fuel Flow Modulated To Maintain an Engine...Low Pressure Turbine Inlet Area (A41) Closed Loop (Integral) N2, T22 Core Stream Exhaust Nozzle Area (AJE) Closed Loop (Integral) N1 , T2 Duct Stream...to remain at the breakpoint value while low rotor speed reference ( N1 reference) is scheduled to decrease as a function of power lever angle (PLA), to

An Industrial Engineering Approach to Cost Containment of Pharmacy Education.

PubMed

Duncan, Wendy; Bottenberg, Michelle; Chase, Marilea; Chesnut, Renae; Clarke, Cheryl; Schott, Kathryn; Torry, Ronald; Welty, Tim

2015-11-25

A 2-semester project explored employing teams of fourth-year industrial engineering students to optimize some of our academic management processes. Results included significant cost savings and increases in efficiency, effectiveness, and student and faculty satisfaction. While we did not adopt all of the students' recommendations, we did learn some important lessons. For example, an initial investment of time in developing a mutually clear understanding of the problems, constraints, and goals maximizes the value of industrial engineering analysis and recommendations. Overall, industrial engineering was a valuable tool for optimizing certain academic management processes.

Twin jet shielding. [for aircraft noise reduction

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Parthasarathy, S. P.; Cuffel, R. F.; Massier, P. F.

1979-01-01

For an over-the-wing/under-the-wing engine configuration on an airplane, the noise produced by the upper jet flow is partially reflected by the lower jet. An analysis has been performed which can be used to predict the distribution of perceived noise levels along the ground plane at take-off for an airplane which is designed to take advantage of the over/under shielding concept. Typical contours of PNL, the shielding benefit in the shadow zone, and the EPNL values at 3.5 nautical miles from brake release as well as EPNL values at sideline at 0.35 nautical miles have been calculated. This has been done for a range of flow parameters characteristic of engines producing inverted velocity profile jets suitable for use in a supersonic cruise vehicle. Reductions up to 6.0 EPNdB in community noise levels can be realized when the over engines are operated at higher thrust and the lower engines simultaneously operated with reduced thrust keeping the total thrust constant.

Cooling Characteristics of the V-1650-7 Engine. II - Effect of Coolant Conditions on Cylinder Temperatures and Heat Rejection at Several Engine Powers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Povolny, John H.; Bogdan, Louis J.; Chelko, Louis J.

1947-01-01

An investigation has been conducted on a V-1650-7 engine to determine the cylinder temperatures and the coolant and oil heat rejections over a range of coolant flows (50 to 200 gal/min) and oil inlet temperatures (160 to 2150 F) for two values of coolant outlet temperature (250 deg and 275 F) at each of four power conditions ranging from approximately 1100 to 2000 brake horsepower. Data were obtained for several values of block-outlet pressure at each of the two coolant outlet temperatures. A mixture of 30 percent by volume of ethylene glycol and 70-percent water was used as the coolant. The effect of varying coolant flow, coolant outlet temperature, and coolant outlet pressure over the ranges investigated on cylinder-head temperatures was small (0 deg to 25 F) whereas the effect of increasing the engine power condition from ll00 to 2000 brake horsepower was large (maximum head-temperature increase, 110 F).

Learning from fellow engineering students who have current professional experience

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Davies, John W.; Rutherford, Ursula

2012-08-01

This paper presents an investigation of how experience-led content in an engineering degree can be strengthened by creating opportunities for engineering students to benefit from the knowledge, skills and resources of students with current professional experience. Students who study civil engineering part-time at Coventry University (while also working in the industry) are being used as mentors for full-time students, and careful attention is being paid to the input they can make to group project work. This paper reviews the results of evaluations of these two initiatives. The clearest enhancement to learning provided by the part-time students in these settings is the access they provide for the full-time students to real examples and the provision of actual physical artefacts such as drawings, photos, example documents and templates. Full-time students also gain an awareness of the value of the professional skills. The study confirms the value of these initiatives and points to future improvements.

Optimized tuner selection for engine performance estimation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Simon, Donald L. (Inventor); Garg, Sanjay (Inventor)

2013-01-01

A methodology for minimizing the error in on-line Kalman filter-based aircraft engine performance estimation applications is presented. This technique specifically addresses the underdetermined estimation problem, where there are more unknown parameters than available sensor measurements. A systematic approach is applied to produce a model tuning parameter vector of appropriate dimension to enable estimation by a Kalman filter, while minimizing the estimation error in the parameters of interest. Tuning parameter selection is performed using a multi-variable iterative search routine which seeks to minimize the theoretical mean-squared estimation error. Theoretical Kalman filter estimation error bias and variance values are derived at steady-state operating conditions, and the tuner selection routine is applied to minimize these values. The new methodology yields an improvement in on-line engine performance estimation accuracy.

Surviving the Lead Reliability Engineer Role in High Unit Value Projects

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Perez, Reinaldo J.

2011-01-01

A project with a very high unit value within a company is defined as a project where a) the project constitutes one of a kind (or two-of-a-kind) national asset type of project, b) very large cost, and c) a mission failure would be a very public event that will hurt the company's image. The Lead Reliability engineer in a high visibility project is by default involved in all phases of the project, from conceptual design to manufacture and testing. This paper explores a series of lessons learned, over a period of ten years of practical industrial experience by a Lead Reliability Engineer. We expand on the concepts outlined by these lessons learned via examples. The lessons learned are applicable to all industries.

Linear quadratic servo control of a reusable rocket engine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Musgrave, Jeffrey L.

1991-01-01

The paper deals with the development of a design method for a servo component in the frequency domain using singular values and its application to a reusable rocket engine. A general methodology used to design a class of linear multivariable controllers for intelligent control systems is presented. Focus is placed on performance and robustness characteristics, and an estimator design performed in the framework of the Kalman-filter formalism with emphasis on using a sensor set different from the commanded values is discussed. It is noted that loop transfer recovery modifies the nominal plant noise intensities in order to obtain the desired degree of robustness to uncertainty reflected at the plant input. Simulation results demonstrating the performance of the linear design on a nonlinear engine model over all power levels during mainstage operation are discussed.

Reverse engineering by design: using history to teach.

PubMed

Fagette, Paul

2013-01-01

Engineering students rarely have an opportunity to delve into the historic antecedents of design in their craft, and this is especially true for biomedical devices. The teaching emphasis is always on the new, the innovative, and the future. Even so, over the last decade, I have coupled a research agenda with engineering special projects into a successful format that allows young biomedical engineering students to understand aspects of their history and learn the complexities of design. There is value in having knowledge of historic engineering achievements, not just for an appreciation of these accomplishments but also for understanding exactly how engineers and clinicians of the day executed their feats-in other words, how the design process works. Ultimately, this particular educational odyssey confirms that history and engineering education are not only compatible but mutually supportive.

DoD Value Engineering Conference Report. Value Engineering (VE) - A Tool that Benefits Line Management Held at Leesburg, Virginia on 1-2 November 1984. Part 2. Plenary Session,

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-06-01

DOD REFORMS AND INITIATIVES TO TAKE EFFECT , CONGRESS HAS ENACTED LEGISLATION. FOR EXAMPLE: 1. PUBLIC LAW 98-72 REVISED SYNOPSIS PROCEDURES AND 0...COMPETITION ADVOCATES, CREATED APPROVAL LEVELS FOR NONCOMPETITIVE ACTIONS AND CODIFIED BID PROTEST PROCEDURES. THIS ACT WILL HAVE FAR REACHING EFFECTS ON...PROBLEMS. WHETHER IT BE SPARE PARTS, COMPETITION OR GOLD-PLATING IT BOILS DOWN TO CONCERN THAT PUBLIC FUNDS ARE SPENT IN THE MOST PRUDENT, COST- EFFECTIVE

Reduced Order Modeling For High Speed Flows with Moving Shocks

DTIC Science & Technology

2001-12-03

critical values of Q are the values of U and λ such that G(y) = dQ(y) dy =   F (U) + λ dC(U) dU C(U)   = [0]. (2.28) As long as the constraints ...by adding each linear constraint as shown in equation (5.6) (the n + 1 superscript on US is dropped for convenience). This new functional Q , called...Institute of Technology, School of Engineering and Man- agement, 2001. 49. Naylor, Arch W. and Sell, George R. Linear Operator Theory in Engineering and

Kinetic resolution and stereoselective synthesis of 3-substituted aspartic acids by using engineered methylaspartate ammonia lyases.

PubMed

Raj, Hans; Szymanski, Wiktor; de Villiers, Jandré; Puthan Veetil, Vinod; Quax, Wim J; Shimamoto, Keiko; Janssen, Dick B; Feringa, Ben L; Poelarends, Gerrit J

2013-08-19

Enzymatic amino acid synthesis: Kinetic resolution and asymmetric synthesis of various valuable 3-substituted aspartic acids, which were obtained in fair to good yields with diastereomeric ratio values of up to >98:2 and enantiomeric excess values of up to >99 %, by using engineered methylaspartate ammonia lyases are described. These biocatalytic methodologies for the selective preparation of aspartic acid derivatives appear to be attractive alternatives for existing chemical methods. Copyright © 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Net thrust calculation sensitivity of an afterburning turbofan engine to variations in input parameters

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hughes, D. L.; Ray, R. J.; Walton, J. T.

1985-01-01

The calculated value of net thrust of an aircraft powered by a General Electric F404-GE-400 afterburning turbofan engine was evaluated for its sensitivity to various input parameters. The effects of a 1.0-percent change in each input parameter on the calculated value of net thrust with two calculation methods are compared. This paper presents the results of these comparisons and also gives the estimated accuracy of the overall net thrust calculation as determined from the influence coefficients and estimated parameter measurement accuracies.

Heavy Lift Launch Capability with a New Hydrocarbon Engine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Threet, Grady E., Jr.; Holt, James B.; Philips, Alan D.; Garcia, Jessica A.

2011-01-01

The Advanced Concepts Office at NASA's George C. Marshall Space Flight Center was tasked to define the thrust requirement of a new liquid oxygen rich staged combustion cycle hydrocarbon engine that could be utilized in a launch vehicle to meet NASA s future heavy lift needs. Launch vehicle concepts were sized using this engine for different heavy lift payload classes. Engine out capabilities for one of the heavy lift configurations were also analyzed for increased reliability that may be desired for high value payloads or crewed missions. The applicability for this engine in vehicle concepts to meet military and commercial class payloads comparable to current ELV capability was also evaluated.

Tissue engineering strategies to study cartilage development, degeneration and regeneration.

PubMed

Bhattacharjee, Maumita; Coburn, Jeannine; Centola, Matteo; Murab, Sumit; Barbero, Andrea; Kaplan, David L; Martin, Ivan; Ghosh, Sourabh

2015-04-01

Cartilage tissue engineering has primarily focused on the generation of grafts to repair cartilage defects due to traumatic injury and disease. However engineered cartilage tissues have also a strong scientific value as advanced 3D culture models. Here we first describe key aspects of embryonic chondrogenesis and possible cell sources/culture systems for in vitro cartilage generation. We then review how a tissue engineering approach has been and could be further exploited to investigate different aspects of cartilage development and degeneration. The generated knowledge is expected to inform new cartilage regeneration strategies, beyond a classical tissue engineering paradigm. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Evaluating the Role of Intermediaries in the Electronic Value Chain.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Janssen, Marijn; Sol, Henk G.

2000-01-01

Presents a business engineering methodology that supports the identification of electronic intermediary roles in the electronic value chain. The goal of this methodology is to give stakeholders insight into their current, and possible alternative, situations by means of visualization, to evaluate the added value of business models using…

Engineering: Defining and differentiating its unique culture

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pilotte, Mary K.

The world of work for engineering professionals is changing. At a rapid pace, experienced engineers are exiting the workforce due to retirement of the Baby Boomer generation, while at the same time the problems facing engineers are increasingly complex and frequently global in nature. For firms to protect their knowledge assets, they must ensure that acquired understandings are shared among their engineering work groups. Engineering teaching and learning in the workplace (i.e., knowledge sharing), is a social activity that resides in a social context governed by the professional engineering culture. This quantitative study uses Hofstede's Organizational Cultural Values Model (Hofstede, Neuijen, Ohayv, & Sanders, 1990) to examine dimensions of engineering culture in the workplace, producing a central tendency profile of engineering's cultural practices. Further, it explores through hypotheses if demographic differentiators, including birth generation, gender, race, industry sector of employment, and engineering discipline, play roles in forming engineering cultural practices. Results both corroborate aspects of Hofstede's model and assert new understandings relative to factors influencing dimensions of engineering practice. Outcomes are discussed in terms of their potential impact on industrial knowledge sharing and formation of beneficial engineering cultures.

Modeling Kanban Processes in Systems Engineering

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-06-01

engineering through the services concept • Clarity in the value of SE as a knowledge broker and analysis service in brownfield evolution environments [18...Dynamics, Wiley-IEEE Press, Hoboken, NJ, 2008 [18] Boehm, B.: Applying the Incremental Commitment Model to Brownfield Systems Development, Proceedings, CSER 2009, April 2009.

40 CFR 1065.720 - Liquefied petroleum gas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... CONTROLS ENGINE-TESTING PROCEDURES Engine Fluids, Test Fuels, Analytical Gases and Other Calibration....720—Test Fuel Specifications for Liquefied Petroleum Gas Property Value Reference procedure 1 Propane... methods yield different results, use the results from ASTM D1267. 3 The test fuel must not yield a...

ATLANTA COMMUTE VEHICLE SOAK AND START DISTRIBUTIONS AND ENGINE STARTS PER DAY: IMPACT ON MOBILE SOURCE EMISSION RATES

EPA Science Inventory

Georgia Institute of Technology School of Civil and Environmental Engineering researchers analyzed the 2004 vehicle activity data obtained from vehicles in the Atlanta Commuter Choice Value Pricing Initiative. The onboard monitoring equipment installed in each participating vehi...

23 CFR 627.5 - Applicable projects.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Applicable projects. 627.5 Section 627.5 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS VALUE ENGINEERING § 627.5 Applicable projects. (a) A VE analysis shall be conducted prior to the completion of final...

23 CFR 627.5 - Applicable projects.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Applicable projects. 627.5 Section 627.5 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS VALUE ENGINEERING § 627.5 Applicable projects. (a) A VE analysis shall be conducted prior to the completion of final...

14 CFR 23.1563 - Airspeed placards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... multiengine-powered airplanes of more than 6,000 pounds maximum weight, and turbine engine-powered airplanes, the maximum value of the minimum control speed, VMC (one-engine-inoperative) determined under § 23.149... control and the airspeed indicator has features such as low speed awareness that provide ample warning...

14 CFR 23.1563 - Airspeed placards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... multiengine-powered airplanes of more than 6,000 pounds maximum weight, and turbine engine-powered airplanes, the maximum value of the minimum control speed, VMC (one-engine-inoperative) determined under § 23.149... control and the airspeed indicator has features such as low speed awareness that provide ample warning...

Broaden Engineering Technology students' knowledge through hands-on with motion robotics

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The skills and knowledge that employers value most are not always well-aligned with undergraduate engineering technology programs. With the support of a federal grant, we identify and propose to broaden the undergraduate student experience to include training in transferable skills with agricultura...

14 CFR 25.1521 - Powerplant limitations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... propellers are type certificated and do not exceed the values on which compliance with any other requirement... following must be established for reciprocating engine installations: (1) Horsepower or torque, r.p.m...) Any other parameter for which a limitation has been established as part of the engine type certificate...

Women’s Reasons for Leaving the Engineering Field

PubMed Central

Fouad, Nadya A.; Chang, Wen-Hsin; Wan, Min; Singh, Romila

2017-01-01

Among the different Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math fields, engineering continues to have one of the highest rates of attrition (Hewlett et al., 2008). The turnover rate for women engineers from engineering fields is even higher than for men (Frehill, 2010). Despite increased efforts from researchers, there are still large gaps in our understanding of the reasons that women leave engineering. This study aims to address this gap by examining the reasons why women leave engineering. Specifically, we analyze the reasons for departure given by national sample of 1,464 women engineers who left the profession after having worked in the engineering field. We applied a person-environment fit theoretical lens, in particular, the Theory of Work Adjustment (TWA) (Dawis and Lofquist, 1984) to understand and categorize the reasons for leaving the engineering field. According to the TWA, occupations have different “reinforcer patterns,” reflected in six occupational values, and a mismatch between the reinforcers provided by the work environment and individuals’ needs may trigger departure from the environment. Given the paucity of literature in this area, we posed research questions to explore the reinforcer pattern of values implicated in women’s decisions to leave the engineering field. We used qualitative analyses to understand, categorize, and code the 1,863 statements that offered a glimpse into the myriad reasons that women offered in describing their decisions to leave the engineering profession. Our results revealed the top three sets of reasons underlying women’s decision to leave the jobs and engineering field were related to: first, poor and/or inequitable compensation, poor working conditions, inflexible and demanding work environment that made work-family balance difficult; second, unmet achievement needs that reflected a dissatisfaction with effective utilization of their math and science skills, and third, unmet needs with regard to lack of recognition at work and adequate opportunities for advancement. Implications of these results for future research as well as the design of effective intervention programs aimed at women engineers’ retention and engagement in engineering are discussed. PMID:28713295

An Optimal Orthogonal Decomposition Method for Kalman Filter-Based Turbofan Engine Thrust Estimation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Litt, Jonathan S.

2007-01-01

A new linear point design technique is presented for the determination of tuning parameters that enable the optimal estimation of unmeasured engine outputs, such as thrust. The engine's performance is affected by its level of degradation, generally described in terms of unmeasurable health parameters related to each major engine component. Accurate thrust reconstruction depends on knowledge of these health parameters, but there are usually too few sensors to be able to estimate their values. In this new technique, a set of tuning parameters is determined that accounts for degradation by representing the overall effect of the larger set of health parameters as closely as possible in a least squares sense. The technique takes advantage of the properties of the singular value decomposition of a matrix to generate a tuning parameter vector of low enough dimension that it can be estimated by a Kalman filter. A concise design procedure to generate a tuning vector that specifically takes into account the variables of interest is presented. An example demonstrates the tuning parameters ability to facilitate matching of both measured and unmeasured engine outputs, as well as state variables. Additional properties of the formulation are shown to lend themselves well to diagnostics.

An Optimal Orthogonal Decomposition Method for Kalman Filter-Based Turbofan Engine Thrust Estimation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Litt, Jonathan S.

2007-01-01

A new linear point design technique is presented for the determination of tuning parameters that enable the optimal estimation of unmeasured engine outputs, such as thrust. The engine s performance is affected by its level of degradation, generally described in terms of unmeasurable health parameters related to each major engine component. Accurate thrust reconstruction depends on knowledge of these health parameters, but there are usually too few sensors to be able to estimate their values. In this new technique, a set of tuning parameters is determined that accounts for degradation by representing the overall effect of the larger set of health parameters as closely as possible in a least-squares sense. The technique takes advantage of the properties of the singular value decomposition of a matrix to generate a tuning parameter vector of low enough dimension that it can be estimated by a Kalman filter. A concise design procedure to generate a tuning vector that specifically takes into account the variables of interest is presented. An example demonstrates the tuning parameters ability to facilitate matching of both measured and unmeasured engine outputs, as well as state variables. Additional properties of the formulation are shown to lend themselves well to diagnostics.

An Optimal Orthogonal Decomposition Method for Kalman Filter-Based Turbofan Engine Thrust Estimation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Litt, Jonathan S.

2005-01-01

A new linear point design technique is presented for the determination of tuning parameters that enable the optimal estimation of unmeasured engine outputs such as thrust. The engine s performance is affected by its level of degradation, generally described in terms of unmeasurable health parameters related to each major engine component. Accurate thrust reconstruction depends upon knowledge of these health parameters, but there are usually too few sensors to be able to estimate their values. In this new technique, a set of tuning parameters is determined which accounts for degradation by representing the overall effect of the larger set of health parameters as closely as possible in a least squares sense. The technique takes advantage of the properties of the singular value decomposition of a matrix to generate a tuning parameter vector of low enough dimension that it can be estimated by a Kalman filter. A concise design procedure to generate a tuning vector that specifically takes into account the variables of interest is presented. An example demonstrates the tuning parameters ability to facilitate matching of both measured and unmeasured engine outputs, as well as state variables. Additional properties of the formulation are shown to lend themselves well to diagnostics.

Using Long-Short-Term-Memory Recurrent Neural Networks to Predict Aviation Engine Vibrations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

ElSaid, AbdElRahman Ahmed

This thesis examines building viable Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) using Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) neurons to predict aircraft engine vibrations. The different networks are trained on a large database of flight data records obtained from an airline containing flights that suffered from excessive vibration. RNNs can provide a more generalizable and robust method for prediction over analytical calculations of engine vibration, as analytical calculations must be solved iteratively based on specific empirical engine parameters, and this database contains multiple types of engines. Further, LSTM RNNs provide a "memory" of the contribution of previous time series data which can further improve predictions of future vibration values. LSTM RNNs were used over traditional RNNs, as those suffer from vanishing/exploding gradients when trained with back propagation. The study managed to predict vibration values for 1, 5, 10, and 20 seconds in the future, with 2.84% 3.3%, 5.51% and 10.19% mean absolute error, respectively. These neural networks provide a promising means for the future development of warning systems so that suitable actions can be taken before the occurrence of excess vibration to avoid unfavorable situations during flight.

Engineering Design Activity: Understanding How Different Design Activities Influence Students' Motivation in Grades 9-12. Final Report. A Seed Grant Research Project. Research in Engineering and Technology Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lawanto, Oenardi; Stewardson, Gary

2009-01-01

The objective of this study was to evaluate grade 9-12 students' motivation while engaged in two different engineering design projects: marble-sorter and bridge designs. The motivation components measured in this study were focused on students' intrinsic (IGO) and extrinsic (EGO) goal orientations, task value (TV), self-efficacy for learning and…

Characteristics of Value and Professional Orientation of the Technical University Students as Ideal Views on the Activity Goals

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Khinkanina, Alla L.; Serova, Olga E.

2016-01-01

The results of the empirical investigation of the characteristics of value and professional orientation of the students taking studies in social and computer engineering related fields are presented. The types of value structure uncovered depend on the students' attitudes to the values significant for the professional evolution (active mode of…

Australian engineering educators' attitudes towards Aboriginal cultures and perspectives

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Goldfinch, Thomas; Prpic, Juliana Kaya; Jolly, Lesley; Leigh, Elyssebeth; Kennedy, Jade

2017-07-01

In Australia, representation of Aboriginal populations within the engineering profession is very low despite participation targets set by Government departments, professional bodies and Universities. Progressing the Aboriginal inclusion agenda within Australian Engineering Education requires a clearer understanding of engineering educators' preparedness for increased numbers of students from this non-traditional cohort. This research stems from a recently completed project that explored Aboriginal perspectives in engineering education and proposed a model for embedding perspectives in curricula. Nine engineering academics were interviewed to explore attitudes towards Aboriginal perspectives in engineering and the viability of the proposed model. Results of the interviews indicate efforts to embed Aboriginal perspectives are starting from a small base of knowledge and experience. Individuals' motivations and values indicate that there is significant support for improving this, but that efforts can be hampered by conceptions of Aboriginal perspectives that do not consider how Aboriginal knowledges may change engineering itself.

Expanding the metabolic engineering toolbox with directed evolution.

PubMed

Abatemarco, Joseph; Hill, Andrew; Alper, Hal S

2013-12-01

Cellular systems can be engineered into factories that produce high-value chemicals from renewable feedstock. Such an approach requires an expanded toolbox for metabolic engineering. Recently, protein engineering and directed evolution strategies have started to play a growing and critical role within metabolic engineering. This review focuses on the various ways in which directed evolution can be applied in conjunction with metabolic engineering to improve product yields. Specifically, we discuss the application of directed evolution on both catalytic and non-catalytic traits of enzymes, on regulatory elements, and on whole genomes in a metabolic engineering context. We demonstrate how the goals of metabolic pathway engineering can be achieved in part through evolving cellular parts as opposed to traditional approaches that rely on gene overexpression and deletion. Finally, we discuss the current limitations in screening technology that hinder the full implementation of a metabolic pathway-directed evolution approach. Copyright © 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Lean mixture engine testing and evaluation program. [for automobile engine pollution and fuel performances

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dowdy, M. W.; Hoehn, F. W.; Griffin, D. C.

1975-01-01

Experimental results for fuel consumption and emissions are presented for a 350 CID (5.7 liter) Chevrolet V-8 engine modified for lean operation with gasoline. The lean burn engine achieved peak thermal efficiency at an equivalence ratio of 0.75 and a spark advance of 60 deg BTDC. At this condition the lean burn engine demonstrated a 10% reduction in brake specific fuel consumption compared with the stock engine; however, NOx and hydrocarbon emissions were higher. With the use of spark retard and/or slightly lower equivalence ratios, the NOx emissions performance of the stock engine was matched while showing a 6% reduction in brake specific fuel consumption. Hydrocarbon emissions exceeded the stock values in all cases. Diagnostic data indicate that lean performance in the engine configuration tested is limited by ignition delay, cycle-to-cycle pressure variations, and cylinder-to-cylinder distribution.

Systems integrated human engineering on the Navy's rapid acquisition of manufactured parts/test and integration facility

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gallaway, Glen R.

1987-01-01

Human Engineering in many projects is at best a limited support function. In this Navy project the Human Engineering function is an integral component of the systems design and development process. Human Engineering is a member of the systems design organization. This ensures that people considerations are: (1) identified early in the project; (2) accounted for in the specifications; (3) incorporated into the design; and (4) the tested product meets the needs and expectations of the people while meeting the overall systems requirements. The project exemplifies achievements that can be made by the symbiosis between systems designers, engineers and Human Engineering. This approach increases Human Engineering's effectiveness and value to a project because it becomes an accepted, contributing team member. It is an approach to doing Human Engineering that should be considered for most projects. The functional and organizational issues giving this approach strength are described.

Heat-transfer processes in air-cooled engine cylinders

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pinkel, Benjamin

1938-01-01

From a consideration of heat-transfer theory, semi-empirical expressions are set up for the transfer of heat from the combustion gases to the cylinder of an air-cooled engine and from the cylinder to the cooling air. Simple equations for the average head and barrel temperatures as functions of the important engine and cooling variables are obtained from these expressions. The expressions involve a few empirical constants, which may be readily determined from engine tests. Numerical values for these constants were obtained from single-cylinder engine tests for cylinders of the Pratt & Whitney 1535 and 1340-h engines. The equations provide a means of calculating the effect of the various engine and cooling variables on the cylinder temperatures and also of correlating the results of engine cooling tests. An example is given of the application of the equations to the correlation of cooling-test data obtained in flight.

Communication tips for clinical engineering.

PubMed

2013-06-01

Regular communication between the clinical engineering department and the wider hospital community not only keeps other departments informed about CE activities, but also conveys the value that CE brings to the institution. We provide a list of topics and information that CE should consider conveying to various groups within the hospital.

48 CFR 52.248-2 - Value Engineering-Architect-Engineer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... the proposed design, the comparative advantage and disadvantages of each, a justification when an item.... The services shall include VE evaluation and review and study of design documents immediately following completion of the 35 percent design state or at such stages as the Contracting Officer may direct...

48 CFR 52.248-2 - Value Engineering-Architect-Engineer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... the proposed design, the comparative advantage and disadvantages of each, a justification when an item.... The services shall include VE evaluation and review and study of design documents immediately following completion of the 35 percent design state or at such stages as the Contracting Officer may direct...

48 CFR 52.248-2 - Value Engineering-Architect-Engineer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... the proposed design, the comparative advantage and disadvantages of each, a justification when an item.... The services shall include VE evaluation and review and study of design documents immediately following completion of the 35 percent design state or at such stages as the Contracting Officer may direct...

48 CFR 52.248-2 - Value Engineering-Architect-Engineer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... the proposed design, the comparative advantage and disadvantages of each, a justification when an item.... The services shall include VE evaluation and review and study of design documents immediately following completion of the 35 percent design state or at such stages as the Contracting Officer may direct...

48 CFR 52.248-2 - Value Engineering-Architect-Engineer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... the proposed design, the comparative advantage and disadvantages of each, a justification when an item.... The services shall include VE evaluation and review and study of design documents immediately following completion of the 35 percent design state or at such stages as the Contracting Officer may direct...

Engaging Robots: Innovative Outreach for Attracting Cybernetics Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mitchell, R.; Warwick, K.; Browne, W. N.; Gasson, M. N.; Wyatt, J.

2010-01-01

Cybernetics is a broad subject, encompassing many aspects of electrical, electronic, and computer engineering, which suffers from a lack of understanding on the part of potential applicants and teachers when recruiting students. However, once the engineering values, fascinating science, and pathways to rewarding, diverse careers are communicated,…

40 CFR 1065.720 - Liquefied petroleum gas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... CONTROLS ENGINE-TESTING PROCEDURES Engine Fluids, Test Fuels, Analytical Gases and Other Calibration....720—Test Fuel Specifications for Liquefied Petroleum Gas Item Value Reference procedure 1 Propane... test fuel must not yield a persistent oil ring when you add 0.3 ml of solvent residue mixture to a...

40 CFR 1065.720 - Liquefied petroleum gas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... CONTROLS ENGINE-TESTING PROCEDURES Engine Fluids, Test Fuels, Analytical Gases and Other Calibration....720—Test Fuel Specifications for Liquefied Petroleum Gas Item Value Reference procedure 1 Propane... test fuel must not yield a persistent oil ring when you add 0.3 ml of solvent residue mixture to a...

40 CFR 1065.720 - Liquefied petroleum gas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... CONTROLS ENGINE-TESTING PROCEDURES Engine Fluids, Test Fuels, Analytical Gases and Other Calibration....720—Test Fuel Specifications for Liquefied Petroleum Gas Item Value Reference procedure 1 Propane... test fuel must not yield a persistent oil ring when you add 0.3 ml of solvent residue mixture to a...

32 CFR 644.329 - Army civil works real property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... civil works real property. (a) Fee-owned land and easements. (1) Action by Division/District Engineer..., such as telephone, telegraph, electric transmission, oil, gas, and water lines. (vi) Purchase price of... the Office of the Chief of Engineers. When the value of an easement interest reported pursuant to (a...

32 CFR 644.329 - Army civil works real property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... civil works real property. (a) Fee-owned land and easements. (1) Action by Division/District Engineer..., such as telephone, telegraph, electric transmission, oil, gas, and water lines. (vi) Purchase price of... the Office of the Chief of Engineers. When the value of an easement interest reported pursuant to (a...

40 CFR 86.1313-94 - Fuel specifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES (CONTINUED) Emission Regulations for New Otto-Cycle and Diesel Heavy-Duty Engines; Gaseous and Particulate Exhaust Test Procedures... ASTM Value Octane, research, min D2699 93 Sensitivity, min 7.5 Lead (organic), g/U.S. gal. (g/liter...

40 CFR 86.1313-94 - Fuel specifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES (CONTINUED) Emission Regulations for New Otto-Cycle and Diesel Heavy-Duty Engines; Gaseous and Particulate Exhaust Test Procedures... ASTM Value Octane, research, min D2699 93 Sensitivity, min 7.5 Lead (organic), g/U.S. gal. (g/liter...

Converting waste gases from pulp mills into value-added chemicals

EPA Science Inventory

Engineering, Miami University, 64 J Engineering Building, Oxford, OH, 45056 The pulp and paper industry generates large amounts of HAPs, VOCs and total reduced sulfur compounds (TRSs) of the various sources. As the industry is moving to a sustainable future, the U.S. EPA and Mia...

40 CFR 1065.210 - Work input and output sensors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... may decide to measure the tractive (i.e., electrical output) power of a locomotive, rather than the brake power of the locomotive engine. In these cases, divide the electrical work by accurate values of... boundary, use good engineering judgment to estimate any work-conversion losses in a way that avoids...

40 CFR 1065.210 - Work input and output sensors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... may decide to measure the tractive (i.e., electrical output) power of a locomotive, rather than the brake power of the locomotive engine. In these cases, divide the electrical work by accurate values of... boundary, use good engineering judgment to estimate any work-conversion losses in a way that avoids...

78 FR 44287 - Department Regulatory Agenda; Semiannual Summary

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-23

... continue to meet the needs for which they originally were designed. To view additional information about... the next year 23 CFR part 620--Engineering 23 CFR part 625--Design Standards for Highways 23 CFR part 626--Pavement Policy 23 CFR part 627--Value Engineering 23 CFR part 630--Preconstruction Procedures 23...

Taiwanese Preservice Teachers' Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics Teaching Intention

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lin, Kuen-Yi; Williams, P. John

2016-01-01

This study applies the theory of planned behavior as a basis for exploring the impact of knowledge, values, subjective norms, perceived behavioral controls, and attitudes on the behavioral intention toward science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education among Taiwanese preservice science teachers. Questionnaires (N = 139)…

23 CFR 627.7 - VE programs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false VE programs. 627.7 Section 627.7 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS VALUE ENGINEERING § 627.7 VE programs. (a) The STA shall establish and sustain a VE program under which VE analyses are...

23 CFR 627.7 - VE programs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false VE programs. 627.7 Section 627.7 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS VALUE ENGINEERING § 627.7 VE programs. (a) The STA shall establish and sustain a VE program under which VE analyses are...

A First Step towards Variational Methods in Engineering

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Periago, Francisco

2003-01-01

In this paper, a didactical proposal is presented to introduce the variational methods for solving boundary value problems to engineering students. Starting from a couple of simple models arising in linear elasticity and heat diffusion, the concept of weak solution for these models is motivated and the existence, uniqueness and continuous…

Assessing Students' Motivation to Engage in Sustainable Engineering

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McCormick, Mary; Bielefeldt, Angela R.; Swan, Christopher W.; Paterson, Kurtis G.

2015-01-01

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to design an assessment instrument to evaluate students' attitudes toward sustainable engineering (SE). Factors that impact SE beliefs could then be explored. Design/methodology/approach: Using the definition of sustainability from the Brundtland report and expectancy value theory, students' sentiment toward…

14 CFR 23.1563 - Airspeed placards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... than 6,000 pounds maximum weight, and turbine engine-powered airplanes, the maximum value of the minimum control speed, VMC (one-engine-inoperative) determined under § 23.149(b). [Amdt. 23-7, 34 FR 13097... lighted area such as the landing gear control and the airspeed indicator has features such as low speed...

Professional Competence Development at the Cooper Union School of Engineering. Project Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bussard, Ellen

A 3-year project was developed to increase students' abilities to perform competently as professional engineers. The project sought to infuse into existing courses concern for, practice with, and development of three competencies critical to professional success: problem-solving, communication, and value clarification. Eight elementary and…

40 CFR 89.404 - Test procedure overview.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... engine operating conditions to be conducted on an engine dynamometer. The exhaust gases, generated raw or... matter. For more information on particulate matter sampling see § 89.112(c). The test cycles consist of... (raw analysis), and the power output during each mode. The measured values are weighted and used to...

Evaluating a common semi-mechanistic mathematical model of gene-regulatory networks

PubMed Central

2015-01-01

Modeling and simulation of gene-regulatory networks (GRNs) has become an important aspect of modern systems biology investigations into mechanisms underlying gene regulation. A key challenge in this area is the automated inference (reverse-engineering) of dynamic, mechanistic GRN models from gene expression time-course data. Common mathematical formalisms for representing such models capture two aspects simultaneously within a single parameter: (1) Whether or not a gene is regulated, and if so, the type of regulator (activator or repressor), and (2) the strength of influence of the regulator (if any) on the target or effector gene. To accommodate both roles, "generous" boundaries or limits for possible values of this parameter are commonly allowed in the reverse-engineering process. This approach has several important drawbacks. First, in the absence of good guidelines, there is no consensus on what limits are reasonable. Second, because the limits may vary greatly among different reverse-engineering experiments, the concrete values obtained for the models may differ considerably, and thus it is difficult to compare models. Third, if high values are chosen as limits, the search space of the model inference process becomes very large, adding unnecessary computational load to the already complex reverse-engineering process. In this study, we demonstrate that restricting the limits to the [−1, +1] interval is sufficient to represent the essential features of GRN systems and offers a reduction of the search space without loss of quality in the resulting models. To show this, we have carried out reverse-engineering studies on data generated from artificial and experimentally determined from real GRN systems. PMID:26356485

Integrating rehabilitation engineering technology with biologics.

PubMed

Collinger, Jennifer L; Dicianno, Brad E; Weber, Douglas J; Cui, Xinyan Tracy; Wang, Wei; Brienza, David M; Boninger, Michael L

2011-06-01

Rehabilitation engineers apply engineering principles to improve function or to solve challenges faced by persons with disabilities. It is critical to integrate the knowledge of biologics into the process of rehabilitation engineering to advance the field and maximize potential benefits to patients. Some applications in particular demonstrate the value of a symbiotic relationship between biologics and rehabilitation engineering. In this review we illustrate how researchers working with neural interfaces and integrated prosthetics, assistive technology, and biologics data collection are currently integrating these 2 fields. We also discuss the potential for further integration of biologics and rehabilitation engineering to deliver the best technologies and treatments to patients. Engineers and clinicians must work together to develop technologies that meet clinical needs and are accessible to the intended patient population. Copyright © 2011 American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

A function approximation approach to anomaly detection in propulsion system test data

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Whitehead, Bruce A.; Hoyt, W. A.

1993-01-01

Ground test data from propulsion systems such as the Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) can be automatically screened for anomalies by a neural network. The neural network screens data after being trained with nominal data only. Given the values of 14 measurements reflecting external influences on the SSME at a given time, the neural network predicts the expected nominal value of a desired engine parameter at that time. We compared the ability of three different function-approximation techniques to perform this nominal value prediction: a novel neural network architecture based on Gaussian bar basis functions, a conventional back propagation neural network, and linear regression. These three techniques were tested with real data from six SSME ground tests containing two anomalies. The basis function network trained more rapidly than back propagation. It yielded nominal predictions with, a tight enough confidence interval to distinguish anomalous deviations from the nominal fluctuations in an engine parameter. Since the function-approximation approach requires nominal training data only, it is capable of detecting unknown classes of anomalies for which training data is not available.

Improving building performance using smart building concept: Benefit cost ratio comparison

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Berawi, Mohammed Ali; Miraj, Perdana; Sayuti, Mustika Sari; Berawi, Abdur Rohim Boy

2017-11-01

Smart building concept is an implementation of technology developed in the construction industry throughout the world. However, the implementation of this concept is still below expectations due to various obstacles such as higher initial cost than a conventional concept and existing regulation siding with the lowest cost in the tender process. This research aims to develop intelligent building concept using value engineering approach to obtain added value regarding quality, efficiency, and innovation. The research combined quantitative and qualitative approach using questionnaire survey and value engineering method to achieve the research objectives. The research output will show additional functions regarding technology innovation that may increase the value of a building. This study shows that smart building concept requires higher initial cost, but produces lower operational and maintenance costs. Furthermore, it also confirms that benefit-cost ratio on the smart building was much higher than a conventional building, that is 1.99 to 0.88.

Community and Institutional Adaptation to Riverbank Erosion along the Jamuna River, Bangladesh

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ali, F. M. M.

2009-04-01

The paper examines adaptation to the river erosion hazard in Bangladesh through its most exacting river, the braided Jamuna. The Jamuna River has destroyed and continues to threaten significant areas of settlements, farmed land and infrastructure. Local communities experience a social disintegration and pauperisation which lasts for generations. Although advanced for several decades, the public engineering effort to mitigate the erosion is piecemeal and has had limited success to date. The research takes an interdisciplinary approach to the hazard, in both content and method. Using Remote Sensing data to distinguish regions of dormant, explosive, minimal and constant erosion, the physical morphology of the river is linked to the community adaptation through the creation of PPGIS mapping depicting historical institutional displacement. This spatial information is linked to the qualitative investigation focusing on the expression of values in adaptation by examining social structures and investigating technological development. Drawing on Bourdieu's ideas of fields, capital and habitus, interview data is gathered from: displacees; local elites; the engineering-science community; and the political-administrative structure. The analysis is conducted along four themes; the spatial history of community displacement; social values; institutional operation; and learning in practice. Findings show the marked persistence of displaced local institutions. Dormant erosion zones host the most displaced institutions, acting as refuges once the risk is lowered through engineering or serendipity. The non-material values deeply impacted by the hazard underpin the strong local aspiration for engineering intervention. However, political discontinuity, associated institutional instability and spatial biasing of construction hinders the success of erosion mitigation and the development of appropriate national technological expertise. The small national economic resource base, shortsighted negotiations with international lenders and reduced public confidence in water sector engineering are also confounding factors. Evidence suggests that social and technological progress occurs when values, institutional results and political commitment align.

Identification and modification of dominant noise sources in diesel engines

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hayward, Michael D.

Determination of dominant noise sources in diesel engines is an integral step in the creation of quiet engines, but is a process which can involve an extensive series of expensive, time-consuming fired and motored tests. The goal of this research is to determine dominant noise source characteristics of a diesel engine in the near and far-fields with data from fewer tests than is currently required. Pre-conditioning and use of numerically robust methods to solve a set of cross-spectral density equations results in accurate calculation of the transfer paths between the near- and far-field measurement points. Application of singular value decomposition to an input cross-spectral matrix determines the spectral characteristics of a set of independent virtual sources, that, when scaled and added, result in the input cross spectral matrix. Each virtual source power spectral density is a singular value resulting from the decomposition performed over a range of frequencies. The complex relationship between virtual and physical sources is estimated through determination of virtual source contributions to each input measurement power spectral density. The method is made more user-friendly through use of a percentage contribution color plotting technique, where different normalizations can be used to help determine the presence of sources and the strengths of their contributions. Convolution of input measurements with the estimated path impulse responses results in a set of far-field components, to which the same singular value contribution plotting technique can be applied, thus allowing dominant noise source characteristics in the far-field to also be examined. Application of the methods presented results in determination of the spectral characteristics of dominant noise sources both in the near- and far-fields from one fired test, which significantly reduces the need for extensive fired and motored testing. Finally, it is shown that the far-field noise time history of a physically altered engine can be simulated through modification of singular values and recalculation of transfer paths between input and output measurements of previously recorded data.

Embedding Entrepreneurial Thinking into Fluids-related Courses: Small Changes Lead to Positive Results

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Carnasciali, Maria-Isabel

2017-11-01

Many fluid dynamics instructors have embraced student-centered learning pedagogies (Active & Collaborative Learning (ACL) and Problem/Project Based Learning (PBL)) to promote learning and increase student engagement. A growing effort in engineering education calls to equip students with entrepreneurial skills needed to drive innovation. The Kern Entrepreneurial Engineering Network (KEEN) defines entrepreneurial mindset based on three key attributes: curiosity, connections, and creating value. Elements of ACL and PBL have been used to embed Entrepreneurial Thinking concepts into two fluids-related subjects: 1) an introductory thermal-fluid systems course, and 2) thermo-fluids laboratory. Assessment of students' work reveal an improvement in student learning. Course Evaluations and Surveys indicate an increased perceived-value of course content. Training and development made possible through funding from the Kern Entrepreneurial Engineering Network and the Bucknall Excellence in Teaching Award.

Modules for in vitro metabolic engineering: Pathway assembly for bio-based production of value-added chemicals.

PubMed

Taniguchi, Hironori; Okano, Kenji; Honda, Kohsuke

2017-06-01

Bio-based chemical production has drawn attention regarding the realization of a sustainable society. In vitro metabolic engineering is one of the methods used for the bio-based production of value-added chemicals. This method involves the reconstitution of natural or artificial metabolic pathways by assembling purified/semi-purified enzymes in vitro . Enzymes from distinct sources can be combined to construct desired reaction cascades with fewer biological constraints in one vessel, enabling easier pathway design with high modularity. Multiple modules have been designed, built, tested, and improved by different groups for different purpose. In this review, we focus on these in vitro metabolic engineering modules, especially focusing on the carbon metabolism, and present an overview of input modules, output modules, and other modules related to cofactor management.

Using eddy currents for noninvasive in vivo pH monitoring for bone tissue engineering.

PubMed

Beck-Broichsitter, Benedicta E; Daschner, Frank; Christofzik, David W; Knöchel, Reinhard; Wiltfang, Jörg; Becker, Stephan T

2015-03-01

The metabolic processes that regulate bone healing and bone induction in tissue engineering models are not fully understood. Eddy current excitation is widely used in technical approaches and in the food industry. The aim of this study was to establish eddy current excitation for monitoring metabolic processes during heterotopic osteoinduction in vivo. Hydroxyapatite scaffolds were implanted into the musculus latissimus dorsi of six rats. Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) was applied 1 and 2 weeks after implantation. Weekly eddy current excitation measurements were performed. Additionally, invasive pH measurements were obtained from the scaffolds using fiber optic detection devices. Correlations between the eddy current measurements and the metabolic values were calculated. The eddy current measurements and pH values decreased significantly in the first 2 weeks of the study, followed by a steady increase and stabilization at higher levels towards the end of the study. The measurement curves and statistical evaluations indicated a significant correlation between the resonance frequency values of the eddy current excitation measurements and the observed pH levels (p = 0.0041). This innovative technique was capable of noninvasively monitoring metabolic processes in living tissues according to pH values, showing a direct correlation between eddy current excitation and pH in an in vivo tissue engineering model.

Achievement, Motivation, and Educational Choices: A Longitudinal Study of Expectancy and Value Using a Multiplicative Perspective

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Guo, Jiesi; Parker, Philip D.; Marsh, Herbert W.; Morin, Alexandre J. S.

2015-01-01

Drawing on the expectancy-value model, the present study explored individual and gender differences in university entry and selection of educational pathway (e.g., science, technology, engineering, and mathematics [STEM] course selection). In particular, we examined the multiplicative effects of expectancy and task values on educational outcomes…

Immunological dysfunction in periparturient cows: Evidence, causes and ramifications

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

With a $35.7 billion Gross Domestic Value for milk produced in the U.S. during 2007, the dairy industry was the single largest component of the 2007 U.S. animal agriculture economic engine. The value of milk produced in 2007 represented 30.2% of the total value of animal agriculture production; thi...

Immunological dysfunction in periparturient cows: Evidence, causes and ramifications

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

With a $40.5 billion Gross Domestic Value for milk produced in the U.S. during 2013, the dairy industry was the third largest sector of the 2013 U.S. animal agriculture economic engine. The value of milk produced in 2013 represented 24% of the total value of animal agriculture production; this figu...

Knowledge-based decision support for Space Station assembly sequence planning

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

1991-04-01

A complete Personal Analysis Assistant (PAA) for Space Station Freedom (SSF) assembly sequence planning consists of three software components: the system infrastructure, intra-flight value added, and inter-flight value added. The system infrastructure is the substrate on which software elements providing inter-flight and intra-flight value-added functionality are built. It provides the capability for building representations of assembly sequence plans and specification of constraints and analysis options. Intra-flight value-added provides functionality that will, given the manifest for each flight, define cargo elements, place them in the National Space Transportation System (NSTS) cargo bay, compute performance measure values, and identify violated constraints. Inter-flight value-added provides functionality that will, given major milestone dates and capability requirements, determine the number and dates of required flights and develop a manifest for each flight. The current project is Phase 1 of a projected two phase program and delivers the system infrastructure. Intra- and inter-flight value-added were to be developed in Phase 2, which has not been funded. Based on experience derived from hundreds of projects conducted over the past seven years, ISX developed an Intelligent Systems Engineering (ISE) methodology that combines the methods of systems engineering and knowledge engineering to meet the special systems development requirements posed by intelligent systems, systems that blend artificial intelligence and other advanced technologies with more conventional computing technologies. The ISE methodology defines a phased program process that begins with an application assessment designed to provide a preliminary determination of the relative technical risks and payoffs associated with a potential application, and then moves through requirements analysis, system design, and development.

Knowledge-based decision support for Space Station assembly sequence planning

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1991-01-01

A complete Personal Analysis Assistant (PAA) for Space Station Freedom (SSF) assembly sequence planning consists of three software components: the system infrastructure, intra-flight value added, and inter-flight value added. The system infrastructure is the substrate on which software elements providing inter-flight and intra-flight value-added functionality are built. It provides the capability for building representations of assembly sequence plans and specification of constraints and analysis options. Intra-flight value-added provides functionality that will, given the manifest for each flight, define cargo elements, place them in the National Space Transportation System (NSTS) cargo bay, compute performance measure values, and identify violated constraints. Inter-flight value-added provides functionality that will, given major milestone dates and capability requirements, determine the number and dates of required flights and develop a manifest for each flight. The current project is Phase 1 of a projected two phase program and delivers the system infrastructure. Intra- and inter-flight value-added were to be developed in Phase 2, which has not been funded. Based on experience derived from hundreds of projects conducted over the past seven years, ISX developed an Intelligent Systems Engineering (ISE) methodology that combines the methods of systems engineering and knowledge engineering to meet the special systems development requirements posed by intelligent systems, systems that blend artificial intelligence and other advanced technologies with more conventional computing technologies. The ISE methodology defines a phased program process that begins with an application assessment designed to provide a preliminary determination of the relative technical risks and payoffs associated with a potential application, and then moves through requirements analysis, system design, and development.

A study of the effectiveness of the use of gypsum and volcanic ash against the stability of clay soil in terms of UCT and CBR values

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Roesyanto; Iskandar, R.; Hastuty, IP; Lubis, AIU

2018-02-01

Soil stabilization is an effort to improve engineering properties of soil. The conventional soil stabilization is by adding additives to the soil such as Portland cement, lime, and bitumen. The clay stabilization research was done by adding gypsum and volcanic ash. The research purposes were to find out the value of engineering properties of clay due to the addition of 2% gypsum and 2% - 15% volcanic ash. The soil was classified as Clay - Low Plasticity (CL) based on USCS and was classified as A-7-6 (10) based on AASHTO classification system. The UCT values of original soil and original soil plus 2% gypsum were 1.40 kg/cm2 and 1.66 kg/cm2 respectively. The CBR soaked and unsoaked values of original soil were 4.44% and 6.28% correspondingly. Meanwhile, CBR soaked and CBR unsoaked values of original soil plus 2% gypsum were 6.74% and 8.02% respectively. The research results showed that the additives materials of gypsum and volcanic ash improved the engineering properties of clay. The UCT result from the stabilized soil by 2% gypsum and 10% volcanic ash gave value of 2.79 kg/cm2 (increased 99.28% from original soil). For CBR test, the most effective mixture were in variation of 2% gypsum and 9% volcanic ash which gave value of 9.07% (104.27% increase from original soil) for CBR soaked and 10.29% (63.85% increase from original soil) for CBR unsoaked. The stabilized soil with 2% gypsum and 9% volcanic ash was classified as CL based on USCS and was classified as A-6 (4) based on AASHTO classification system.

Re-engineering the mission life cycle with ABC and IDEF

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mandl, Daniel; Rackley, Michael; Karlin, Jay

1994-01-01

The theory behind re-engineering a business process is to remove the non-value added activities thereby lowering the process cost. In order to achieve this, one must be able to identify where the non-value added elements are located which is not a trivial task. This is because the non-value added elements are often hidden in the form of overhead and/or pooled resources. In order to be able to isolate these non-value added processes from among the other processes, one must first decompose the overall top level process into lower layers of sub-processes. In addition, costing data must be assigned to each sub-process along with the value the sub-process adds towards the final product. IDEF0 is a Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) process-modeling tool that allows for this functional decomposition through structured analysis. In addition, it illustrates the relationship of the process and the value added to the product or service. The value added portion is further defined in IDEF1X which is an entity relationship diagramming tool. The entity relationship model is the blueprint of the product as it moves along the 'assembly line' and therefore relates all of the parts to each other and the final product. It also relates the parts to the tools that produce the product and all of the paper work that is used in their acquisition. The use of IDEF therefore facilitates the use of Activity Based Costing (ABC). ABC is an essential method in a high variety, product-customizing environment, to facilitate rapid response to externally caused change. This paper describes the work being done in the Mission Operations Division to re-engineer the development and operation life cycle of Mission Operations Centers using these tools.

Genetic Engineering of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.).

PubMed

Wang, Dan; Khurshid, Muhammad; Sun, Zhan Min; Tang, Yi Xiong; Zhou, Mei Liang; Wu, Yan Min

2016-01-01

Alfalfa is excellent perennial legume forage for its extensive ecological adaptability, high nutrition value, palatability and biological nitrogen fixation. It plays a very important role in the agriculture, animal husbandry and ecological construction. It is cultivated in all continents. With the development of modern plant breeding and genetic engineering techniques, a large amount of work has been carried out on alfalfa. Here we summarize the recent research advances in genetic engineering of alfalfa breeding, including transformation, quality improvement, stress resistance and as a bioreactor. The review article can enables us to understand the research method, direction and achievements of genetic engineering technology of Alfalfa.

Investigation into the past and future of women in science and engineering.

PubMed

Frize, M

2009-01-01

Covering the Ancient Greek era, the Middle Ages, the Renaissance, the Enlightenment, the 19th and 20th C., this paper explores the visions of the abilities of women, their access to education, and their roles in these epochs. Recent data on the participation rate of women in science and engineering, the culture in these fields, and strategies to increase their presence are discussed. The paper ends with a discussion on how science and engineering could benefit from integrating and valuing a blend of masculine and feminine perspectives. Biomedical engineering as a field frequently chosen by women is mentioned.

An Industrial Engineering Approach to Cost Containment of Pharmacy Education

PubMed Central

Bottenberg, Michelle; Chase, Marilea; Chesnut, Renae; Clarke, Cheryl; Schott, Kathryn; Torry, Ronald; Welty, Tim

2015-01-01

A 2-semester project explored employing teams of fourth-year industrial engineering students to optimize some of our academic management processes. Results included significant cost savings and increases in efficiency, effectiveness, and student and faculty satisfaction. While we did not adopt all of the students’ recommendations, we did learn some important lessons. For example, an initial investment of time in developing a mutually clear understanding of the problems, constraints, and goals maximizes the value of industrial engineering analysis and recommendations. Overall, industrial engineering was a valuable tool for optimizing certain academic management processes. PMID:26839421

Operational procedure for computer program for design point characteristics of a gas generator or a turbojet lift engine for V/STOL applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Krebs, R. P.

1972-01-01

The computer program described calculates the design-point characteristics of a gas generator or a turbojet lift engine for V/STOL applications. The program computes the dimensions and mass, as well as the thermodynamic performance of the model engine and its components. The program was written in FORTRAN 4 language. Provision has been made so that the program accepts input values in either SI Units or U.S. Customary Units. Each engine design-point calculation requires less than 0.5 second of 7094 computer time.

Increase in the Accuracy of Calculating Length of Horizontal Cable SCS in Civil Engineering

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Semenov, A.

2017-11-01

A modification of the method for calculating the horizontal cable consumption of SCS established at civil engineering facilities is proposed. The proposed procedure preserves the prototype simplicity and provides a 5 percent accuracy increase. The values of the achieved accuracy are justified, their compliance with the practice of real projects is proved. The method is brought to the level of the engineering algorithm and formalized in the form of 12/70 rule.

Telemetry Standards, RCC Standard 106-17. Chapter 24. Message Formats

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-07-01

strength indicator TCP Transmission Control Protocol TE Traffic Engineering TAI International Atomic Time TLV Type-Length-Value TmNS Telemetry...to a specific radio link. TE Queue Status Report 10 This TLV is used by a radio to report Traffic Engineering (TE) queue levels for each of the 8...24.3.2.6 Traffic Engineering Queue Status Report TLV The TE Queue Status Report TLV shall be used to report the queue levels of the eight

Impact of the injection dose of exhaust gases, on work parameters of combustion engine

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Marek, W.; Śliwiński, K.

2016-09-01

This article is another one from the series in which were presented research results indicated the possible areas of application of the pneumatic injection using hot combustion gases proposed by Professor Jarnuszkiewicz. This publication present the results of the control system of exhaust gas recirculation. The main aim of this research was to determine the effect of exhaust gas recirculation to the operating parameters of the internal combustion engine on the basis of laboratory measurements. All measurements were performed at a constant engine speed. These conditions correspond to the operation of the motor operating an electrical generator. The study was conducted on the four-stroke two-cylinder engine with spark ignition. The study were specifically tested on the air injection system and therefore the selection of the rotational speed was not bound, as in conventional versions of operating parameters of the electrical machine. During the measurement there were applied criterion which used power control corresponding to the requirements of load power, at minimal values of engine speed. Recirculation value determined by the following recurrent position control valve of the injection doses inflator gas for pneumatic injection system. They were studied and recorded, the impact of dose of gases recirculation to the operating and ecological engine parameters such as power, torque, specific fuel consumption, efficiency, air fuel ratio, exhaust gas temperature and nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons.

Reducing the number of laboratory animals used in tissue engineering research by restricting the variety of animal models. Articular cartilage tissue engineering as a case study.

PubMed

de Vries, Rob B M; Buma, Pieter; Leenaars, Marlies; Ritskes-Hoitinga, Merel; Gordijn, Bert

2012-12-01

The use of laboratory animals in tissue engineering research is an important underexposed ethical issue. Several ethical questions may be raised about this use of animals. This article focuses on the possibilities of reducing the number of animals used. Given that there is considerable debate about the adequacy of the current animal models in tissue engineering research, we investigate whether it is possible to reduce the number of laboratory animals by selecting and using only those models that have greatest predictive value for future clinical application of the tissue engineered product. The field of articular cartilage tissue engineering is used as a case study. Based on a study of the scientific literature and interviews with leading experts in the field, an overview is provided of the animal models used and the advantages and disadvantages of each model, particularly in terms of extrapolation to the human situation. Starting from this overview, it is shown that, by skipping the small models and using only one large preclinical model, it is indeed possible to restrict the number of animal models, thereby reducing the number of laboratory animals used. Moreover, it is argued that the selection of animal models should become more evidence based and that researchers should seize more opportunities to choose or create characteristics in the animal models that increase their predictive value.

Graphical User Interface for Simulink Integrated Performance Analysis Model

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Durham, R. Caitlyn

2009-01-01

The J-2X Engine (built by Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne,) in the Upper Stage of the Ares I Crew Launch Vehicle, will only start within a certain range of temperature and pressure for Liquid Hydrogen and Liquid Oxygen propellants. The purpose of the Simulink Integrated Performance Analysis Model is to verify that in all reasonable conditions the temperature and pressure of the propellants are within the required J-2X engine start boxes. In order to run the simulation, test variables must be entered at all reasonable values of parameters such as heat leak and mass flow rate. To make this testing process as efficient as possible in order to save the maximum amount of time and money, and to show that the J-2X engine will start when it is required to do so, a graphical user interface (GUI) was created to allow the input of values to be used as parameters in the Simulink Model, without opening or altering the contents of the model. The GUI must allow for test data to come from Microsoft Excel files, allow those values to be edited before testing, place those values into the Simulink Model, and get the output from the Simulink Model. The GUI was built using MATLAB, and will run the Simulink simulation when the Simulate option is activated. After running the simulation, the GUI will construct a new Microsoft Excel file, as well as a MATLAB matrix file, using the output values for each test of the simulation so that they may graphed and compared to other values.

Engineering bioinformatics: building reliability, performance and productivity into bioinformatics software.

PubMed

Lawlor, Brendan; Walsh, Paul

2015-01-01

There is a lack of software engineering skills in bioinformatic contexts. We discuss the consequences of this lack, examine existing explanations and remedies to the problem, point out their shortcomings, and propose alternatives. Previous analyses of the problem have tended to treat the use of software in scientific contexts as categorically different from the general application of software engineering in commercial settings. In contrast, we describe bioinformatic software engineering as a specialization of general software engineering, and examine how it should be practiced. Specifically, we highlight the difference between programming and software engineering, list elements of the latter and present the results of a survey of bioinformatic practitioners which quantifies the extent to which those elements are employed in bioinformatics. We propose that the ideal way to bring engineering values into research projects is to bring engineers themselves. We identify the role of Bioinformatic Engineer and describe how such a role would work within bioinformatic research teams. We conclude by recommending an educational emphasis on cross-training software engineers into life sciences, and propose research on Domain Specific Languages to facilitate collaboration between engineers and bioinformaticians.

Engineering bioinformatics: building reliability, performance and productivity into bioinformatics software

PubMed Central

Lawlor, Brendan; Walsh, Paul

2015-01-01

There is a lack of software engineering skills in bioinformatic contexts. We discuss the consequences of this lack, examine existing explanations and remedies to the problem, point out their shortcomings, and propose alternatives. Previous analyses of the problem have tended to treat the use of software in scientific contexts as categorically different from the general application of software engineering in commercial settings. In contrast, we describe bioinformatic software engineering as a specialization of general software engineering, and examine how it should be practiced. Specifically, we highlight the difference between programming and software engineering, list elements of the latter and present the results of a survey of bioinformatic practitioners which quantifies the extent to which those elements are employed in bioinformatics. We propose that the ideal way to bring engineering values into research projects is to bring engineers themselves. We identify the role of Bioinformatic Engineer and describe how such a role would work within bioinformatic research teams. We conclude by recommending an educational emphasis on cross-training software engineers into life sciences, and propose research on Domain Specific Languages to facilitate collaboration between engineers and bioinformaticians. PMID:25996054

Change control microcomputer device for vehicle

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Morishita, M.; Kouge, S.

1986-08-19

A charge control microcomputer device for a vehicle is described which consists of: a clutch device for transmitting the rotary output of an engine; a charging generator driven by the clutch device; a battery charged by an output of the charging generator; a voltage regulator for controlling an output voltage of the charging generator to a predetermined value; an engine controlling microcomputer for receiving engine data, to control the engine; and a charge control microcomputer for processing the engine data from the engine controlling microcomputer and charge system data including terminal voltage data from the battery and generated voltage datamore » from the charging generator, to determine a reference voltage for the voltage regulator in accordance with the engine data and the charge system data, and for processing an engine rotation signal to generate and apply an operating instruction to the clutch device in accordance with the engine data and the charge system data, such that the charging generator is driven within a predetermined range of revolutions per minute at all times.« less

Development of hypersonic engine seals: Flow effects of preload and engine pressures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cai, Zhong; Mutharasan, Rajakkannu; Ko, Frank K.; Steinetz, Bruce M.

1993-01-01

A new type of engine seal is being developed to meet the needs of advanced hypersonic engines. A seal braided of emerging high temperature ceramic fibers comprised of a sheath-core construction was selected for study based on its low leakage rates. Flexible, low-leakage, high temperature seals are required to seal the movable engine panels of advanced ramjet-scramjet engines either preventing potentially dangerous leakage into backside engine cavities or limiting the purge coolant flow rates through the seals. To predict the leakage through these flexible, porous seal structures as a function of preload and engine pressures, new analytical flow models are required. An empirical leakage resistance/preload model is proposed to characterize the observed decrease in leakage with increasing preload. Empirically determined compression modulus and preload factor are used to correlate experimental leakage data for a wide range of seal architectures. Good agreement between measured and predicted values are observed over a range of engine pressures and seal preloads.

Integration of systems biology with bioprocess engineering: L: -threonine production by systems metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli.

PubMed

Lee, Sang Yup; Park, Jin Hwan

2010-01-01

Random mutation and selection or targeted metabolic engineering without consideration of its impact on the entire metabolic and regulatory networks can unintentionally cause genetic alterations in the region, which is not directly related to the target metabolite. This is one of the reasons why strategies for developing industrial strains are now shifted towards targeted metabolic engineering based on systems biology, which is termed systems metabolic engineering. Using systems metabolic engineering strategies, all the metabolic engineering works are conducted in systems biology framework, whereby entire metabolic and regulatory networks are thoroughly considered in an integrated manner. The targets for purposeful engineering are selected after all possible effects on the entire metabolic and regulatory networks are thoroughly considered. Finally, the strain, which is capable of producing the target metabolite to a high level close to the theoretical maximum value, can be constructed. Here we review strategies and applications of systems biology successfully implemented on bioprocess engineering, with particular focus on developing L: -threonine production strains of Escherichia coli.

Gas turbine engine control system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Idelchik, Michael S. (Inventor)

1991-01-01

A control system and method of controlling a gas turbine engine. The control system receives an error signal and processes the error signal to form a primary fuel control signal. The control system also receives at least one anticipatory demand signal and processes the signal to form an anticipatory fuel control signal. The control system adjusts the value of the anticipatory fuel control signal based on the value of the error signal to form an adjusted anticipatory signal and then the adjusted anticipatory fuel control signal and the primary fuel control signal are combined to form a fuel command signal.

Design and evaluation of a sensor fail-operational control system for a digitally controlled turbofan engine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hrach, F. J.; Arpasi, D. J.; Bruton, W. M.

1975-01-01

A self-learning, sensor fail-operational, control system for the TF30-P-3 afterburning turbofan engine was designed and evaluated. The sensor fail-operational control system includes a digital computer program designed to operate in conjunction with the standard TF30-P-3 bill-of-materials control. Four engine measurements and two compressor face measurements are tested. If any engine measurements are found to have failed, they are replaced by values synthesized from computer-stored information. The control system was evaluated by using a realtime, nonlinear, hybrid computer engine simulation at sea level static condition, at a typical cruise condition, and at several extreme flight conditions. Results indicate that the addition of such a system can improve the reliability of an engine digital control system.

Systems Engineering Processes at NASA/SR-71 Pratt and Whitney J58 Engine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Donastorg, Cristina

2010-01-01

This summer I was given several opportunities at NASA's Dryden Flight Research Center (DFRC). The first opportunity was given to me by a Senior Propulsion Engineer, Kurtt Kloesel, to work in a specialized engineering discipline. My task was to research the Pratt & Whitney J58 engine that was used on the SR-71 Blackbird. I entered the data I collected into engine modeling software programs in order to receive certain outputs, such as net thrust. I also had to take a "crash course" in propulsion in order to better understand the research I was performing. To facilitate my understanding of propulsion principals and formulas, I worked many problems out of thermodynamics and propulsion textbooks and entered the given values of various situations into the modeling software.

Hands-on curriculum teaches biomedical engineering concepts to home-schooled students.

PubMed

Sagstetter, Ann M; Nimunkar, Amit J; Tompkins, Willis J

2009-01-01

University level outreach has increased over the last decade to stimulate K-12 student interest in engineering related fields. Home schooling students are one of the groups that are valued for engineering admissions due to diligent study habits and high achievement scores. However, home schooled students have inadequate access to science, math, and engineering related resources, which precludes the development of interdisciplinary teaching methods. To address this problem, we have developed a hands-on, STEM based curriculum as a safe and comprehensive supplement to current home schooling curricula. The ultimate goal is to stimulate university-student relations and subsequently increase engineering recruitment opportunities. Our pre and post workshop survey comparisons demonstrate that integrating disciplines, via the manner presented in this study, provides a K-12 student-friendly engineering learning method.

Research on EHN additive on the diesel engine combustion characteristics in plateau environment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sun, Zhixin; Li, Ruoting; Wang, Xiancheng; Hu, Chuan

2017-03-01

Aiming at the combustion deterioration problem of diesel engine in plateau environment, a bench test was carried out for the effects of EHN additive on combustion characteristics of the diesel engine with intake pressure of 0.68 kPa. Test results showed that with the full load working condition of 1 400 r/min: Cylinder pressure and pressure uprising rate decreased with EHN additive added in, mechanical load on the engine could be relieved; peak value of the heat release rate decreased and its occurrence advanced, ignition delay and combustion duration were shortened; cylinder temperature and exhaust gas temperature declined, thermal load on the engine could be relieved, output torque increased while specific oil consumption decreased, and effective thermal efficiency of diesel engine increased.

The Mayo Clinic Value Creation System.

PubMed

Swensen, Stephen J; Dilling, James A; Harper, C Michel; Noseworthy, John H

2012-01-01

The authors present Mayo Clinic's Value Creation System, a coherent systems engineering approach to delivering a single high-value practice. There are 4 tightly linked, interdependent phases of the system: alignment, discovery, managed diffusion, and measurement. The methodology is described and examples of the results to date are presented. The Value Creation System has been demonstrated to improve the quality of patient care while reducing costs and increasing productivity.

Moving Multimedia: The Information Value in Images.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Berinstein, Paula

1997-01-01

Discusses the value and use of images as information. Topics include the information in images versus text; a taxonomy of image types; resources related to images; and the use of images in architecture, engineering, advertising, and competitive intelligence. (LRW)

Effect of ethanol-gasoline blends on small engine generator energy efficiency and exhaust emission.

PubMed

Lin, Wen-Yinn; Chang, Yuan-Yi; Hsieh, You-Ru

2010-02-01

This study was focused on fuel energy efficiency and pollution analysis of different ratios of ethanol-gasoline blended fuels (E0, E3, E6, and E9) under different loadings. In this research, the experimental system consisted of a small engine generator, a particulate matter measurement system, and an exhaust gas analyzer system. Different fuels, unleaded gasoline, and ethanol-gasoline blends (E0, E3, E6, and E9) were used to study their effects on the exhaust gas emission and were expressed as thermal efficiency of the small engine generator energy efficiency. The results suggested that particle number concentration increased as the engine loading increased; however, it decreased as the ethanol content in the blend increased. While using E6 as fuel, the carbon monoxide (CO) concentration was less than other fuels (E0, E3, and E9) for each engine loading. The average of CO concentration reduction by using E3, E6, and E9 is 42, 86, and 83%, respectively. Using an ethanol-gasoline blend led to a significant reduction in exhaust emissions by approximately 78.7, 97.5, and 89.46% of the mean average values of hydrocarbons (HCs) with E3, E6, and E9 fuels, respectively, for all engine loadings. Using an ethanol-gasoline blend led to a significant reduction in exhaust emissions by approximately 35, 86, and 77% of the mean average values of nitrogen oxides (NOx) with E3, E6, and E9 fuels, respectively, at each engine loading. The E6 fuel gave the best results of the exhaust emissions, and the E9 fuel gave the best results of the particle emissions and engine performance. The thermal efficiency of the small engine generator increased as the ethanol content in the blend increased and as the engine loading increased.

Design and optimization of smart grid system based on renewable energy in Nyamuk Island, Karimunjawa district, Central Java

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Novitasari, D.; Indartono, Y. S.; Rachmidha, T. D.; Reksowardojo, I. K.; Irsyad, M.

2017-03-01

Nyamuk Island in Karimunjawa District is one of the regions in Java that has no access to electricity grid. The electricity in Nyamuk Island relies on diesel engine which is managed by local government and only operated for 6 hours per day. It occurs as a consequence of high fuel cost. A study on smart micro grid system based on renewable energy was conducted in Combustion Engine and Propulsion System Laboratory of Institut Teknologi Bandung by using 1 kWp solar panels and a 3 kW bio based diesel engine. The fuels used to run the bio based diesel engine were diesel, virgin coconut oil and pure palm oil. The results show that the smart grid system run well at varying load and also with different fuel. Based on the experiments, average inverter efficiency was about 87%. This experiments proved that the use of biofuels had no effects to the overall system performance. Based on the results of prototype experiments, this paper will focus on design and optimization of smart micro grid system using HOMER software for Nyamuk Island. The design consists of (1) a diesel engine existing in Nyamuk Island whose fuel was diesel, (2) a lister engine whose fuel was from vegetable oil from Callophyllum inophyllum, (3) solar panels, (4) batteries and (5) converter. In this simulation, the existing diesel engine was set to operate 2 hours per day, while operating time of the lister engine has been varied with several scenarios. In scenario I, the lister engine was operated 5 hours per day, in scenario II the lister engine was operated 24 hours per day and in scenario III the lister engine was operated 8 hours per week in the weekend. In addition, a design using a modified diesel engine was conducted as well with an assumption that the modified cost was about 10% of new diesel engine cost. By modifying the diesel engine, the system will not need a lister engine. Assessments has been done to evaluate the designs, and the result shows that the optimal value obtains by the lister engine being operated for 24 hours a day in which the capacity of each component was 27 kWp PV, 7 kW lister engine, 26 kVA existing diesel engine, 40 kW converter and 128 batteries. The result is based on the lowest value of Net Present Cost (NPC) of 542.682 and Cost Of Electricity (COE) of 0.49.

Principles of Water Quality Control.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tebbutt, T. H. Y.

This book is designed as a text for undergraduate civil engineering courses and as preliminary reading for postgraduate courses in public health engineering and water resources technology. It is also intended to be of value to workers already in the field and to students preparing for the examinations of the Institute of Water Pollution Control…

From an automated flight-test management system to a flight-test engineer's workstation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Duke, E. L.; Brumbaugh, R. W.; Hewett, M. D.; Tartt, D. M.

1992-01-01

Described here are the capabilities and evolution of a flight-test engineer's workstation (called TEST PLAN) from an automated flight-test management system. The concept and capabilities of the automated flight-test management system are explored and discussed to illustrate the value of advanced system prototyping and evolutionary software development.

40 CFR Appendix A to Subpart D of... - Tables

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...-test and post-test values) kPa Pv Saturation pressure at dew point temperature kPa Ra Relative humidity...) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE NONROAD COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES Emission Test Equipment... Percent torque related to maximum torque for the test mode % mass Pollutant mass flow g/h nd, i Engine...

40 CFR Appendix A to Subpart D of... - Tables

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... post-test values) kPa Ra Relative humidity of the ambient air percent T Absolute temperature at air...) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NONROAD SPARK-IGNITION ENGINES AT OR BELOW 19 KILOWATTS Emission Test Equipment... torque related to maximum torque for the test mode percent mass Pollutant mass flow g/h nd, i Engine...

40 CFR Appendix A to Subpart D of... - Tables

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... post-test values) kPa Ra Relative humidity of the ambient air percent T Absolute temperature at air...) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NONROAD SPARK-IGNITION ENGINES AT OR BELOW 19 KILOWATTS Emission Test Equipment... torque related to maximum torque for the test mode percent mass Pollutant mass flow g/h nd, i Engine...

40 CFR Appendix A to Subpart D of... - Tables

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... post-test values) kPa Ra Relative humidity of the ambient air percent T Absolute temperature at air...) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NONROAD SPARK-IGNITION ENGINES AT OR BELOW 19 KILOWATTS Emission Test Equipment... torque related to maximum torque for the test mode percent mass Pollutant mass flow g/h nd, i Engine...

40 CFR Appendix A to Subpart D of... - Tables

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...-test and post-test values) kPa Pv Saturation pressure at dew point temperature kPa Ra Relative humidity...) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE NONROAD COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES Emission Test Equipment... Percent torque related to maximum torque for the test mode % mass Pollutant mass flow g/h nd, i Engine...

40 CFR Appendix A to Subpart D of... - Tables

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...-test and post-test values) kPa Pv Saturation pressure at dew point temperature kPa Ra Relative humidity...) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE NONROAD COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES Emission Test Equipment... Percent torque related to maximum torque for the test mode % mass Pollutant mass flow g/h nd, i Engine...

40 CFR Appendix A to Subpart D of... - Tables

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...-test and post-test values) kPa Pv Saturation pressure at dew point temperature kPa Ra Relative humidity...) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE NONROAD COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES Emission Test Equipment... Percent torque related to maximum torque for the test mode % mass Pollutant mass flow g/h nd, i Engine...

40 CFR Appendix A to Subpart D of... - Tables

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... post-test values) kPa Ra Relative humidity of the ambient air percent T Absolute temperature at air...) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NONROAD SPARK-IGNITION ENGINES AT OR BELOW 19 KILOWATTS Emission Test Equipment... torque related to maximum torque for the test mode percent mass Pollutant mass flow g/h nd, i Engine...

40 CFR Appendix A to Subpart D of... - Tables

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... post-test values) kPa Ra Relative humidity of the ambient air percent T Absolute temperature at air...) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NONROAD SPARK-IGNITION ENGINES AT OR BELOW 19 KILOWATTS Emission Test Equipment... torque related to maximum torque for the test mode percent mass Pollutant mass flow g/h nd, i Engine...

40 CFR Appendix A to Subpart D of... - Tables

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...-test and post-test values) kPa Pv Saturation pressure at dew point temperature kPa Ra Relative humidity...) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE NONROAD COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES Emission Test Equipment... Percent torque related to maximum torque for the test mode % mass Pollutant mass flow g/h nd, i Engine...

An industrial engineering approach to laboratory automation for high throughput screening

PubMed Central

Menke, Karl C.

2000-01-01

Across the pharmaceutical industry, there are a variety of approaches to laboratory automation for high throughput screening. At Sphinx Pharmaceuticals, the principles of industrial engineering have been applied to systematically identify and develop those automated solutions that provide the greatest value to the scientists engaged in lead generation. PMID:18924701

From an automated flight-test management system to a flight-test engineer's workstation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Duke, E. L.; Brumbaugh, Randal W.; Hewett, M. D.; Tartt, D. M.

1991-01-01

The capabilities and evolution is described of a flight engineer's workstation (called TEST-PLAN) from an automated flight test management system. The concept and capabilities of the automated flight test management systems are explored and discussed to illustrate the value of advanced system prototyping and evolutionary software development.

Professional Competence Development at the Cooper Union School of Engineering. Course Development and Course Materials.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bussard, Ellen

A 3-year project was developed to increase students' abilities to perform competently as professional engineers. The project sought to infuse into existing courses concern for, practice with, and development of three competencies critical to professional success: problem-solving, communication, and value clarification. Eight elementary and…

40 CFR 92.116 - Engine output measurement system calibrations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... spaced torque values as indicated by the master load-cell for each in-use range used. (v) The in-use torque measurement must be within 2 percent of the torque measured by the master system for each load... the calibration equipment described in this section. (2) The engine flywheel torque feedback signals...

Alternative evaluation of innovations’ effectiveness in mechanical engineering

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Puryaev, A. S.

2017-09-01

The aim of present work is approbation of the developed technique for assessing innovations’ effectiveness. We demonstrate an alternative assessment of innovations’ effectiveness (innovation projects) in mechanical engineering on illustrative example. It is proposed as an alternative to the traditional method technique based on the value concept and the method of “Cash flow”.