Role of viscosity in the magnetic field effect on pyrene-DMA exciplex emission at different permittivities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jana, Amit Kumar; Roy, Partha; Nath, Deb Narayan

2014-02-01

Effect of viscosity variation on the magnetic field effect in pyrene-N,N-dimethylaniline exciplex luminescence has been studied at different permittivity values. The data is compatible to the model of Krissinel et al. (1999) [10] reported earlier to explain the effect probing the escape yield of radical pairs. It is shown that the data can also be explained on the basis of a simple model. It is interesting to note that the present letter also demonstrates the positive slope of MFE with diffusivity at extremely high viscous condition as predicted by Krissinel et al. (1999) [10] which has not been observed in earlier experiments.

Fluorescence in situ detection of human cutaneous melanoma: study of diagnostic parameters of the method.

PubMed

Chwirot, B W; Chwirot, S; Sypniewska, N; Michniewicz, Z; Redzinski, J; Kurzawski, G; Ruka, W

2001-12-01

Multicenter study of the diagnostic parameters was conducted by three groups in Poland to determine if in situ fluorescence detection of human cutaneous melanoma based on digital imaging of spectrally resolved autofluorescence can be used as a tool for a preliminary selection of patients at increased risk of the disease. Fluorescence examinations were performed for 7228 pigmented lesions in 4079 subjects. Histopathologic examinations showed 56 cases of melanoma. A sensitivity of fluorescence detection of melanoma was 82.7% in agreement with 82.5% found in earlier work. Using as a reference only the results of histopathologic examinations obtained for 568 cases we found a specificity of 59.9% and a positive predictive value of 17.5% (melanomas versus all pigmented lesions) or 24% (melanomas versus common and dysplastic naevi). The specificity and positive predictive value found in this work are significantly lower than reported earlier but still comparable with those reported for typical screening programs. In conclusion, the fluorescence method of in situ detection of melanoma can be used in screening large populations of patients for a selection of patients who should be examined by specialists.

Early events associated with the excited state proton transfer in 2-(2{sup '}-pyridyl)benzimidazole

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Burai, Tarak Nath; Mukherjee, Tushar Kanti; Lahiri, Priyanka

2009-07-21

2-(2{sup '}-pyridyl)benzimidazole (2PBI) undergoes excited state proton transfer (ESPT) in acidic solutions, leading to a tautomer emission at 460 nm. This photoprocess has been studied using ultrafast fluorescence spectroscopic techniques in acidic neat aqueous solutions, in viscous mixtures of glycerol with water, as well as in sucrose solutions. The tautomer is found to be stabilized in the more viscous medium, leading to a greater relative quantum yield as well as lifetime. The long rise time in tautomer emission is not affected by viscosity though. Rather, it appears to have the same value as the long component of the decay ofmore » the cationic excited state (C*). In addition to the subnanosecond lifetime reported earlier, C* is found to exhibit a decay time of 2 ps. This is assigned to its protonation to form the nonfluorescent dication in its excited state (D*) considering the ground and excited state pK{sub a} values reported earlier. An additional rising component of 100 ps is observed in the region of C* emission. This is likely to arise from a structural change or charge redistribution in C* immediately after its creation and before the phototautomerization.« less

Electron Impact Excitation of the lowest-lying A^1B1 Electronic state of Water

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Teubner, P. J. O.; Thorn, P. A.; Brunger, M. J.; Campbell, L.; Kato, H.; Makochekanwa, C.; Hoshino, M.; Tanaka, H.

2006-05-01

We report differential and integral cross sections for excitation of the A^1B1 electronic state of water. The energy range of these measurements is 15--50eV and, where possible, comparison is made to the results of available theory. We additionally report generalised oscillator strengths (at energies 30, 100 and 200eV) and a value of the optical oscillator strength (OOS) for this state. The present OOS is also compared to the results of earlier studies.

Concentration of gold in natural waters

USGS Publications Warehouse

McHugh, J.B.

1988-01-01

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the amount of gold present in natural waters. One hundred and thirty-two natural water samples were collected from various sources and analyzed for gold by the latest techniques. Background values for gold in natural waters range from <0.001 to 0.005 ppb, and anomalous values range from 0.010 to 2.8 ppb. Waters collected from mineralized areas have a mean gold value of 0.101 ppb, whereas waters collected from unmineralized areas have a mean of 0.002 ppb. Some of the high gold values reported in the earlier literature were probably due to interferences by high salt content in the sample and/or lack of proper filter procedures. ?? 1988.

Sensory, physical and chemical characteristics of cooked ham manufactured from rapidly chilled and earlier deboned M. semimembranosus.

PubMed

Tomović, Vladimir M; Jokanović, Marija R; Petrović, Ljiljana S; Tomović, Mila S; Tasić, Tatjana A; Ikonić, Predrag M; Sumić, Zdravko M; Sojić, Branislav V; Skaljac, Snežana B; Sošo, Milena M

2013-01-01

Effects of rapid chilling of carcasses (at -31°C in the first 3h of chilling, and then at 2-4°C) and earlier deboning (8h post-mortem), compared to rapid (till 24h post-mortem) and conventional chilling (at 2-4°C, till 24h post-mortem), on quality characteristics of pork M. semimebranosus and cooked ham were investigated. Quality measurements included pH value, colour (CIEL a b values) and total aerobic count of M. semimebranosus, as well as sensory (colour, juiciness, texture, and flavour), physical (pH value, colour - CIEL a b values and texture - Warner-Bratzler shear and penetration forces) and chemical (protein, total fat, and moisture content) characteristics of cooked ham. The cooked ham was manufactured from pieces of M. semimebranosus with ultimate lightness (CIEL value) lower than 50. Rapid chilling and earlier deboning significantly increased quantity of M. semimebranosus desirable for cooked ham manufacturing. Earlier start of pork fabrication did not affect important quality characteristics of cooked ham. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Large positive magnetoresistance in intermetallic compound NdCo2Si2

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Roy Chowdhury, R.; Dhara, S.; Das, I.; Bandyopadhyay, B.; Rawat, R.

2018-04-01

The magnetic, magneto-transport and magnetocaloric properties of antiferromagnetic intermetallic compound NdCo2Si2 (TN = 32K) have been studied. The compound yields a positive magnetoresistance (MR) of about ∼ 123 % at ∼ 5K in 8 T magnetic field. The MR value is significantly large vis - a - vis earlier reports of large MR in intermetallic compounds, and possibly associated with the changes in magnetic structure of the compound. The large MR value can be explained in terms of field induced pseudo-gaps on Fermi surface.

Line tension of a two dimensional gas-liquid interface.

PubMed

Santra, Mantu; Bagchi, Biman

2009-08-28

In two dimensional (2D) gas-liquid systems, the reported simulation values of line tension are known to disagree with the existing theoretical estimates. We find that while the simulation erred in truncating the range of the interaction potential, and as a result grossly underestimated the actual value, the earlier theoretical calculation was also limited by several approximations. When both the simulation and the theory are improved, we find that the estimate of line tension is in better agreement with each other. The small value of surface tension suggests increased influence of noncircular clusters in 2D gas-liquid nucleation, as indeed observed in a recent simulation.

On the modified Mercalli intensities and magnitudes of the 1811-1812 New Madrid earthquakes

USGS Publications Warehouse

Hough, S.E.; Armbruster, J.G.; Seeber, L.; Hough, J.F.

2000-01-01

We reexamine original felt reports from the 1811-1812 New Madrid earthquakes and determine revised isoseismal maps for the three principal mainshocks. In many cases we interpret lower values than those assigned by earlier studies. In some cases the revisions result from an interpretation of original felt reports with an appreciation for site response issues. Additionally, earlier studies had assigned modified Mercalli intensity (MMI) values of V-VII to a substantial number of reports that we conclude do not describe damage commensurate with intensities this high. We investigate several approaches to contouring the MMI values using both analytical and subjective methods. For the first mainshock on 02:15 LT December 16, 1811, our preferred contouring yields M??7.2-7.3 using the area-moment regressions of Johnston [1996]. For the 08:00 LT on January 23, 1812, and 03:45 LT on February 7, 1812, mainshocks, we obtain M??7.0 and M??7.4-7.5, respectively. Our magnitude for the February mainshock is consistent with the established geometry of the Reelfoot fault, which all evidence suggests to have been the causative structure for this event. We note that the inference of lower magnitudes for the New Madrid events implies that site response plays a significant role in controlling seismic hazard at alluvial sites in the central and eastern United States. We also note that our results suggest that thrusting may have been the dominant mechanism of faulting associated with the 1811-1812 sequence. Copyright 2000 by the American Geophysical Union.

Disentangling neural representations of value and salience in the human brain

PubMed Central

Kahnt, Thorsten; Park, Soyoung Q; Haynes, John-Dylan; Tobler, Philippe N.

2014-01-01

A large body of evidence has implicated the posterior parietal and orbitofrontal cortex in the processing of value. However, value correlates perfectly with salience when appetitive stimuli are investigated in isolation. Accordingly, considerable uncertainty has remained about the precise nature of the previously identified signals. In particular, recent evidence suggests that neurons in the primate parietal cortex signal salience instead of value. To investigate neural signatures of value and salience, here we apply multivariate (pattern-based) analyses to human functional MRI data acquired during a noninstrumental outcome-prediction task involving appetitive and aversive outcomes. Reaction time data indicated additive and independent effects of value and salience. Critically, we show that multivoxel ensemble activity in the posterior parietal cortex encodes predicted value and salience in superior and inferior compartments, respectively. These findings reinforce the earlier reports of parietal value signals and reconcile them with the recent salience report. Moreover, we find that multivoxel patterns in the orbitofrontal cortex correlate with value. Importantly, the patterns coding for the predicted value of appetitive and aversive outcomes are similar, indicating a common neural scale for appetite and aversive values in the orbitofrontal cortex. Thus orbitofrontal activity patterns satisfy a basic requirement for a neural value signal. PMID:24639493

STX--Fortran-4 program for estimates of tree populations from 3P sample-tree-measurements

Treesearch

L. R. Grosenbaugh

1967-01-01

Describes how to use an improved and greatly expanded version of an earlier computer program (1964) that converts dendrometer measurements of 3P-sample trees to population values in terms of whatever units user desires. Many new options are available, including that of obtaining a product-yield and appraisal report based on regression coefficients supplied by user....

United States trade in wood products, 1978?2005.

Treesearch

Jean M. Daniels

2008-01-01

Tables summarize volume and values of United States trade in wood products from 1978 to 2005. Import and export data are shown for 21 commodities aggregated from over 1,700 wood products. Data were obtained from an earlier report by Chmelik and others and the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. Trade in each commodity is delineated by trading partner and...

The fifth plot of the Carcinogenic Potency Database: results of animal bioassays published in the general literature through 1988 and by the National Toxicology Program through 1989.

PubMed Central

Gold, L S; Manley, N B; Slone, T H; Garfinkel, G B; Rohrbach, L; Ames, B N

1993-01-01

This paper is the fifth plot of the Carcinogenic Potency Database (CPDB) that first appeared in this journal in 1984 (1-5). We report here results of carcinogenesis bioassays published in the general literature between January 1987 and December 1988, and in technical reports of the National Toxicology Program between July 1987 and December 1989. This supplement includes results of 412 long-term, chronic experiments of 147 test compounds and reports the same information about each experiment in the same plot format as the earlier papers: the species and strain of test animal, the route and duration of compound administration, dose level and other aspects of experimental protocol, histopathology and tumor incidence, TD50 (carcinogenic potency) and its statistical significance, dose response, author's opinion about carcinogenicity, and literature citation. We refer the reader to the 1984 publications (1,5,6) for a guide to the plot of the database, a complete description of the numerical index of carcinogenic potency, and a discussion of the sources of data, the rationale for the inclusion of particular experiments and particular target sites, and the conventions adopted in summarizing the literature. The five plots of the database are to be used together, as results of individual experiments that were published earlier are not repeated. In all, the five plots include results of 4487 experiments on 1136 chemicals. Several analyses based on the CPDB that were published earlier are described briefly, and updated results based on all five plots are given for the following earlier analyses: the most potent TD50 value by species, reproducibility of bioassay results, positivity rates, and prediction between species.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID:8354183

Daily Report Supplement, East Europe

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-03-30

they have played a major role in the diversion of Hungarian business into Western Euro- pean markets. 14 HUNGARY JPRS-EER-93-025-S 30 March...value of Hungarian foreign trade to Central Europe. Last year also played an important role in the elimina- tion of quotas and tariffs on...cooperatives which they dreamed up, the contradictions which were stressful enough earlier were only supplemented with new ones. The author of the

Analytical estimation show low depth-independent water loss due to vapor flux from deep aquifers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Selker, John S.

2017-06-01

Recent articles have provided estimates of evaporative flux from water tables in deserts that span 5 orders of magnitude. In this paper, we present an analytical calculation that indicates aquifer vapor flux to be limited to 0.01 mm/yr for sites where there is negligible recharge and the water table is well over 20 m below the surface. This value arises from the geothermal gradient, and therefore, is nearly independent of the actual depth of the aquifer. The value is in agreement with several numerical studies, but is 500 times lower than recently reported experimental values, and 100 times larger than an earlier analytical estimate.

New estimates of nitrous oxide emissions from biomass burning

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cofer, W. R., III; Levine, J. S.; Winstead, E. L.; Stocks, B. J.

1991-01-01

The recent discovery of an artifact producing increased levels of N2O in combustion gas samples collected and stored in grab bottles before chemical analysis has resulted in the downgrading of fossil-fuel combustion and the questioning of biomass burning as important sources of N2O. As almost all reported analyses of N2O produced from biomass burning have involved essentially the same collection and analysis protocols as used in the fossil-fuel studies, this source of N2O must also be reexamined. Here, measurements of N2O made over a large prescribed fire using a near real-time in situ measurement technique are reported and compared with measurements of N2O from simultaneously collected grab-bottle samples. The results from 27 small laboratory biomass test fires are also used to help clarify the validity of earlier assessments. It is concluded that biomass burning contributes about seven percent of atmospheric N2O, as opposed to earlier estimates of several times this value.

Diagramming Transactive Building Business Cases: Using Principles of e3 Value to Document Valuation Studies

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hammerstrom, Donald J.; Makhmalbaf, Atefe; Marinovici, Maria C.

Energy management in buildings is becoming more transactive. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and the U.S. Department of Energy Building Technologies Office recently defined innovative use cases wherein market-like mechanisms are used to manage energy within buildings, between buildings, and between buildings and third-party entities, such as power utilities. A next step toward defining a set of transactive use cases in the buildings domain is to carefully diagram the corresponding business cases to capture details of transactions among all stakeholders and their economic value propositions. The principles of e3-value diagramming are applied in this report toward creating business value diagrams. Thesemore » principles are extended to be consistent with Universal Modeling Language use-case diagrams. Example diagrams are presented for a subset of buildings-domain use cases that were introduced in an earlier Pacific Northwest National Laboratory report. The diagrams are intended to clearly represent an understanding of the transactions through which individual entities accumulate value in their respective use cases, and the diagrams should therefore support economic valuation studies. The report reviews some of the foundational principles of e3 value and includes authors’ insights concerning the formulation of these diagrams using Universal Modeling Language as a more systematic modeling approach.« less

Continuing data analysis of the AS/E grazing incidence X-ray telescope experiment on the OSO-4 satellite

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Vaiana, G.; Haggerty, R.; Kahler, S.; Krieger, A.; Landini, M.; Timothy, A.; Webb, D.

1973-01-01

The work to correct and extend the calculation of the theoretical solar X-ray spectrum produced during earlier OSO-4 data analysis is reported along with the work to formulate models of active regions, and compare these models with the experimental values. An atlas of solar X-ray photographs is included, and solar X-ray observations are correlated with the solar wind.

Influence of heat and moisture exchanger respiratory load on transcutaneous oxygenation in laryngectomized individuals: a randomized crossover study.

PubMed

Zuur, J Karel; Muller, Sara H; Sinaasappel, Michiel; Hart, Guus A M; van Zandwijk, Nico; Hilgers, Frans J M

2007-12-01

High-resistance heat and moisture exchangers (HMEs) have been reported to increase transcutaneous oxygenation (tcpO(2)) values in laryngectomized individuals and to negatively influence patient compliance. The goal of the present study was to validate earlier published results on short-term transcutaneous oxygenation changes by high-resistance HMEs. We conducted a randomized crossover study, monitoring the influence of an HME on tcpO(2) over a 2-hour time interval in 20 subjects. No evidence of an immediate HME effect (95% CI: -14.9-13.3 mm Hg, p = .91), or a time-dependent HME effect (95% CI: -.121 - .172 mm Hg/minute, p = .74), on tcpO(2) was found. After fitting the statistical model without time dependency, again no evidence of HME presence was seen (95% CI: -.5 mm Hg - 3.6 mm Hg, p = .15). In contrast to earlier suggestions, there is no evidence of increased tcpO(2) levels by high-resistance HMEs in laryngectomized individuals. Thus, using such HMEs has no added clinical value in this respect.

Measuring thermal budgets of active volcanoes by satellite remote sensing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Glaze, L.; Francis, P. W.; Rothery, D. A.

1989-01-01

Thematic Mapper measurements of the total radiant energy flux Q at Lascar volcano in north Chile for December 1984 are reported. The results are consistent with the earlier suggestion that a lava lake is the source of a reported thermal budget anomaly, and with values for 1985-1986 that are much lower, suggesting that fumarolic activity was then a more likely heat source. The results show that satellite remote sensing may be used to monitor the activity of a volcano quantitatively, in a way not possible by conventional ground studies, and may provide a method for predicting eruptions.

The quadrupole moments of Cd and Zn isotopes - an apology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Haas, H.; Barbosa, M. B.; Correia, J. G.

2016-12-01

In 2010 we presented an update of the nuclear quadrupole moments (Q) for the Cd and Zn isotopes, based essentially on straightforward density functional (DF) calculations (H. Haas and J.G. Correia, Hyperfine Interact 198, 133-137 (2010)). It has been apparent for some years that the standard DF procedure obviously fails, however, to reproduce the known electric-field gradient (EFG) for various systems, typical cases being Cu2O, As and Sb, and the solid halogens. Recently a cure for this deficiency has been found in the hybrid DF technique. This method is now applied to solid Cd and Zn, and the resultant quadrupole moments are about 15 % smaller than in our earlier report. Also nuclear systematics, using the recently revised values of Q for the long-lived 11/2 isomers in111Cd to129Cd, together with earlier PAD data for107,109Cd, leads to the same conclusion. In addition, EFG calculations for the cadmium dimethyl molecule further support the new values: Q(111Cd, 5/2+) = .683(20) b, Q(67Zn, gs) = .132(5) b. This implies, that the value for the atomic EFG in the 3it {P}1 state of Zn must be revised, as it has been for Cd.

JPRS Report, Science & Technology, USSR: Materials Science, Mechanics and Technology of Metal and Metal Ceramic Composite Material Products

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-09-27

value computed according to an additive rule [1], while on the other hand inelastic ( microplastic ) deformation starts earlier (practically at aw -* 0...and transverse directions. The development of microplastic zones in the matrix and their influence on macroscopic proper- ties are illustrated... microplastic zones starts at the phase interface, while in titanium-boron composites it starts at some distance from the interface. In the first case the

Viscosity of saturated R152a measured with a vibrating wire viscometer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

van der Gulik, P. S.

1995-07-01

Earlier reported values of the viscosity coefficient of the refrigerant R152a (1,1-difluoroethane) have been recalculated with an improved value for the mechanical damping of the vibrating wire viscometer. The measurements were taken along the saturation line both in the saturated liquid and in the saturated vapor every 10 K from 243 up to 393 K by means of a vibrating wire viscometer The damping of the vibration of the wire is a measure for the viscosity provided that the mechanical damping is subtracted. The latter is usually measured in vacuum. It turns out that the damping value measured in this way depends on the vacuum pressure and on the way the wire has been handled before. It appeared that the damping applied previously, measured after 6 days of pumping, is too small, resulting in values of the viscosity coefficient which are too large. The effect on the data for the saturated-liquid viscosity is small, but the new saturated-vapor viscosity data agree much better with the unsaturated-vapor data reported by Takahashi et al.

High-resolution infrared studies of the v 10, v 11, v 14, and v 18 levels of [1.1.1]propellane

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kirkpatrick, Robynne W.; Masiello, Tony; Martin, Matthew A.

2012-11-15

This paper is a continuation of earlier work for which the high resolution infrared spectrum of [1.1.1]propellane was measured and its k and l structure resolved for the first time. Here we present results from an analysis of more than 16,000 transitions involving three fundamental bands v 10 (E'-A1'), v 11 (E'-A1'), v 14 (A2''-A1') and two difference bands (v 10- v 18) (E'-E'') and (v 11-v 18) (E'-E"). Additional information about v18 was also obtained from the difference band (v 15+v 18)-v 18 (E'-E") and the binary combination band (v 15+v 18) (E'-A1'). Through the use of the groundmore » state constants reported in an earlier paper [1], rovibrational constants have been determined for all the vibrational states involved in these bands. The rovibrational parameters for the v 18(E'') state were obtained from combination-differences and showed no need to include interactions with other states. The v 10(E') state analysis was also straight-forward, with only a weak Coriolis interaction with the levels of the v 14(A2'') state. The latter levels are much more affected by a strong Coriolis interaction with the levels of the nearby v 11(E') state and also by a small but significant interaction with another state, presumably the v16(E'') state, that is not directly observed. Gaussian calculations (B3LYP/cc-pVTZ) computed at the anharmonic level aided the analyses by providing initial values for many of the parameters. These theoretical results generally compare favorably with the final parameter values deduced from the spectral analyses. Finally, evidence was obtained for several level crossings between the rotational levels of the v 11 and v 14 states and, using a weak coupling term corresponding to a Δk = ±5, Δl = ∓1 matrix element, it was possible to find transitions from the ground state that, combined with transitions to the same upper state, give a value of C 0 = 0.1936519(4) cm -1. This result, combined with the value of B 0 = 0.28755833(14) cm-1 reported earlier [1], yields a value of 1.586282(3) Å for the length of the novel axial CC bond in propellane.« less

Linear combination reading program for capture gamma rays

USGS Publications Warehouse

Tanner, Allan B.

1971-01-01

This program computes a weighting function, Qj, which gives a scalar output value of unity when applied to the spectrum of a desired element and a minimum value (considering statistics) when applied to spectra of materials not containing the desired element. Intermediate values are obtained for materials containing the desired element, in proportion to the amount of the element they contain. The program is written in the BASIC language in a format specific to the Hewlett-Packard 2000A Time-Sharing System, and is an adaptation of an earlier program for linear combination reading for X-ray fluorescence analysis (Tanner and Brinkerhoff, 1971). Following the program is a sample run from a study of the application of the linear combination technique to capture-gamma-ray analysis for calcium (report in preparation).

Microstructured Optical Fiber Sensors Embedded in a Laminate Composite for Smart Material Applications

PubMed Central

Sonnenfeld, Camille; Sulejmani, Sanne; Geernaert, Thomas; Eve, Sophie; Lammens, Nicolas; Luyckx, Geert; Voet, Eli; Degrieck, Joris; Urbanczyk, Waclaw; Mergo, Pawel; Becker, Martin; Bartelt, Hartmut; Berghmans, Francis; Thienpont, Hugo

2011-01-01

Fiber Bragg gratings written in highly birefringent microstructured optical fiber with a dedicated design are embedded in a composite fiber-reinforced polymer. The Bragg peak wavelength shifts are measured under controlled axial and transversal strain and during thermal cycling of the composite sample. We obtain a sensitivity to transversal strain that exceeds values reported earlier in literature by one order of magnitude. Our results evidence the relevance of using microstructured optical fibers for structural integrity monitoring of composite material structures. PMID:22163755

Prompt ionization in the CRIT II barium releases. [Critical Ionization Tests

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Torbert, R. B.; Kletzing, C. A.; Liou, K.; Rau, D.

1992-01-01

Observations of electron and ion distributions inside a fast neutral barium jet in the ionosphere show significant fluxes within 4 km of release, presumably related to beam plasma instability processes involved in the Critical Ionization Velocity (CIV) effect. Electron fluxes exceeding 5 x 10 exp 12/sq cm-str-sec-keV were responsible for ionizing both the streaming barium and ambient oxygen. Resulting ion fluxes seem to be consistent with 1-2 percent ionization of the fast barium, as reported by optical observations, although the extended spatial distribution of the optically observed ions is difficult to reconcile with the in situ observations. When the perpendicular velocity of the neutrals falls below critical values, these processes shut off. Although these observations resemble the earlier Porcupine experimental results (Haerendel, 1982), theoretical understanding of the differences between these data and that of earlier negative experiments is still lacking.

EFFECTS OF LASER RADIATION ON MATTER: Maximum depth of keyhole melting of metals by a laser beam

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pinsker, V. A.; Cherepanov, G. P.

1990-11-01

A calculation is reported of the maximum depth and diameter of a narrow crater formed in a stationary metal target exposed to high-power cw CO2 laser radiation. The energy needed for erosion of a unit volume is assumed to be constant and the energy losses experienced by the beam in the vapor-gas channel are ignored. The heat losses in the metal are allowed for by an analytic solution of the three-dimensional boundary-value heat-conduction problem of the temperature field in the vicinity of a thin but long crater with a constant temperature on its surface. An approximate solution of this problem by a method proposed earlier by one of the present authors was tested on a computer. The dimensions of the thin crater were found to be very different from those obtained earlier subject to a less rigorous allowance for the heat losses.

Heritability of somatotype components: a multivariate analysis.

PubMed

Peeters, M W; Thomis, M A; Loos, R J F; Derom, C A; Fagard, R; Claessens, A L; Vlietinck, R F; Beunen, G P

2007-08-01

To study the genetic and environmental determination of variation in Heath-Carter somatotype (ST) components (endomorphy, mesomorphy and ectomorphy). Multivariate path analysis on twin data. Eight hundred and three members of 424 adult Flemish twin pairs (18-34 years of age). The results indicate the significance of sex differences and the significance of the covariation between the three ST components. After age-regression, variation of the population in ST components and their covariation is explained by additive genetic sources of variance (A), shared (familial) environment (C) and unique environment (E). In men, additive genetic sources of variance explain 28.0% (CI 8.7-50.8%), 86.3% (71.6-90.2%) and 66.5% (37.4-85.1%) for endomorphy, mesomorphy and ectomorphy, respectively. For women, corresponding values are 32.3% (8.9-55.6%), 82.0% (67.7-87.7%) and 70.1% (48.9-81.8%). For all components in men and women, more than 70% of the total variation was explained by sources of variance shared between the three components, emphasising the importance of analysing the ST in a multivariate way. The findings suggest that the high heritabilities for mesomorphy and ectomorphy reported in earlier twin studies in adolescence are maintained in adulthood. For endomorphy, which represents a relative measure of subcutaneous adipose tissue, however, the results suggest heritability may be considerably lower than most values reported in earlier studies on adolescent twins. The heritability is also lower than values reported for, for example, body mass index (BMI), which next to the weight of organs and adipose tissue also includes muscle and bone tissue. Considering the differences in heritability between musculoskeletal robustness (mesomorphy) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (endomorphy) it may be questioned whether studying the genetics of BMI will eventually lead to a better understanding of the genetics of fatness, obesity and overweight.

The excitation of OH by H2 revisited - I: fine-structure resolved rate coefficients

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kłos, J.; Ma, Q.; Dagdigian, P. J.; Alexander, M. H.; Faure, A.; Lique, F.

2017-11-01

Observations of OH in molecular clouds provide crucial constraints on both the physical conditions and the oxygen and water chemistry in these clouds. Accurate modelling of the OH emission spectra requires the calculation of rate coefficients for excitation of OH by collisions with the most abundant collisional partner in the molecular clouds, namely the H2 molecule. We report here theoretical calculations for the fine-structure excitation of OH by H2 (both para- and ortho-H2) using a recently developed highly accurate potential energy surface. Full quantum close coupling rate coefficients are provided for temperatures ranging from 10 to 150 K. Propensity rules are discussed and the new OH-H2 rate coefficients are compared to the earlier values that are currently used in astrophysical modelling. Significant differences were found: the new rate coefficients are significantly larger. As a first application, we simulate the excitation of OH in typical cold molecular clouds and star-forming regions. The new rate coefficients predict substantially larger line intensities. As a consequence, OH abundances derived from observations will be reduced from the values predicted by the earlier rate coefficients.

High-Resolution Infrared Studies of Perdeutero-Spiropentane, C 5D 8

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Erickson, Blake A.; Ju, X.; Nibler, Joseph W.

Perdeutero-spiropentane (C 5D 8) has been synthesized and infrared and Raman spectra are reported for the first time. Wavenumber assignments are made for most of the fundamental vibrational modes. Gas phase infrared spectra were recorded at a resolution (0.002 cm -1) sufficient to resolve individual rovibrational lines and show evidence of strong Coriolis and/or Fermi resonance interactions for most bands. However a detailed rovibrational analysis of the fundamental v 15 (b 2) parallel band proved possible and a fit of more than 1600 lines yielded a band origin of 1053.84465(10) cm -1 and ground state constants (in units of cmmore » -1): B 0 = 0.1120700(9), D J = 1.51(3) x10 -8, D JK = 3.42(15) x10 -8. We note that the B 0 value is significantly less than a value of Ba = 0.1140 cm-1 calculated using structural parameters from an earlier electron diffraction (ED) study, whereas one expects B a to be lower than B 0 because of thermal averaging over higher vibrational levels. A similar discrepancy was noted in an earlier study of C 5H 8 [1]. The structural and spectroscopic results are in good accord with values computed at the anharmonic level using the B3LYP density functional method with a cc-pVTZ basis set.« less

Galileo's Telescopy and Jupiter's Tablet

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Usher, P. D.

2003-12-01

A previous paper (BAAS 33:4, 1363, 2001) reported on the dramatic scene in Shakespeare's Cymbeline that features the descent of the deity Jupiter. The paper suggested that the four ghosts circling the sleeping Posthumus denote the four Galilean moons of Jupiter. The god Jupiter commands the ghosts to lay a tablet upon the prone Posthumus, but says that its value should not be overestimated. When Posthumus wakens he notices the tablet, which he calls a "book." Not only has the deity's "tablet" become the earthling's "book," but it appears that the book has covers which Posthumus evidently recognizes because without even opening the book he ascribes two further properties to it: rarity, and the very property that Jupiter had earlier attributed, viz. that one must not read too much into it. The mystery deepens when the Jovian gift undergoes a second metamorphosis, to "label." With the help of the OED, the potentially disparate terms "tablet," "book," and "label," may be explained by terms appropriate either to supernatural or worldly beings. "Tablet" may recognize the Mosaic artifact, whereas "book" and "label" are probably mundane references to Galileo's Sidereus Nuncius which appeared shortly before Cymbeline. The message of the Olympian god indicates therefore that the book is unique even as its contents have limited value. The first property celebrates the fact that Galileo's book is the first of its kind, and the second advises that all results except the discovery of Jupiter's moons have been reported earlier, in Hamlet.

Distributions and Behavior of Vital Signs in Critically Ill Children by Admission Diagnosis.

PubMed

Eytan, Danny; Goodwin, Andrew J; Greer, Robert; Guerguerian, Anne-Marie; Mazwi, Mjaye; Laussen, Peter C

2018-02-01

Define the distributions of heart rate and intraarterial blood pressure in children at admission to an ICU based on admission diagnosis and examine trends in these physiologic signs over 72 hours from admission (or to discharge if earlier). A retrospective analysis of continuously acquired signals. A quaternary and primary referral children's hospital with a general PICU and cardiac critical care unit. One thousand two hundred eighty-nine patients less than 18 years old were analyzed. Data from individual patient admissions were divided into 19 groups by primary admission diagnosis or surgical procedure. None. Distributions at admission are dependent on patient age and admission diagnosis (p < 10). Heart rate decreases over time, whereas arterial blood pressure is relatively stable, with differences seen in the directions and magnitude of these trends when analyzed by diagnosis group (p < 10). Multiple linear regression analysis shows that patient age, diagnosis group, and physiologic vital sign value at admission explain 50-63% of the variation observed for that physiologic signal at 72 hours (or at discharge if earlier) with admission value having the greatest influence. Furthermore, the variance of either heart rate or arterial blood pressure for the individual patient is smaller than the variance measured at the level of the group of patients with the same diagnosis. This is the first study reporting distributions of continuously measured physiologic variables and trends in their behavior according to admission diagnosis in critically ill children. Differences detected between and within diagnostic groups may aid in earlier recognition of outliers as well as allowing refinement of patient monitoring strategies.

Variations in a university subject pool as a function of earlier or later participation and self-report: a replication and extension.

PubMed

Bernard, Larry C; Walsh, R Patricia

2002-10-01

The present study replicated and extended earlier research on temporal sampling effects in university subject pools. Data were obtained from 236 participants, 79 men and 157 women, in a university subject pool during a 15-wk. semester. Without knowing the purpose of the study, participants self-selected to participate earlier (Weeks 4 and 5; n = 105) or later (Weeks 14 and 15; n = 131). Three hypotheses were investigated: (1) that the personality patterns of earlier and later participants on the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised and the Personality Research Form differ significantly, with earlier participants scoring higher on the latter scales reflecting social responsibility and higher on former Conscientiousness and Neuroticism scales; (2) that there are similar significant differences between participants in the earlier and later groups compared to the male and female college normative samples for the two tests: and (3) that earlier participants will have higher actual Scholastic Assessment Test scores and Grade Point Averages. Also investigated was whether participants' foreknowledge that their actual Scholastic Assessment Test scores and Grade Point Averages would be obtained would affect their accuracy of self-report. In contrast to prior research, neither the first nor second hypothesis was supported by the current study; there do not appear to be consistent differences on personality variables. However, the third hypothesis was supported. Earlier participants had higher actual high school Grade Point Average, college Grade Point Average, and Scholastic Assessment Test Verbal scores. Foreknowledge that actual Scholastic Assessment Test scores and Grade Point Averages would be obtained did not affect the accuracy of self-report. In addition, later participants significantly over-reported their scores, and significantly more women than men and more first-year than senior-year subjects participated in the early group.

Phase transition temperatures and magnetic entropy change in Ni-Mn-In-B based Heusler alloys

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pathak, Arjun; Gautam, Bhoj; Dubenko, Igor; Ali, Naushad

2008-03-01

One of the aspects of great attention of Heusler alloys is the large value of magnetic entropy change (δSM) and their possible application as a working material in magnetocaloric effect based magnetic refrigerators. It was reported earlier that Ni50Mn34.8In15.2 has first order martensitic transition temperature TM 212K, Curie temperature of austenitic phase TC 328K and δSM value associated with TM and TC are respectively 13 and -7 J/kg K [1]. In the present study, we are reporting the effect of partial substitution of In by B in Ni50Mn34.8In15.2 by AC susceptibility, thermal expansion, and magnetization measurements. We observed that substitution of boron sharply increase TM, and significantly enhance the δSM peak value higher than 30 J/kg K at TM 296K; however the δSM value remains almost same at TC. Therefore, the Ni-Mn-In-B based Heusler alloys will be potential material for the study of room temperature magnetic refrigerator materials. Reference: [1] A. K. Pathak, M. Khan, I. Dubenko, S. Stadler, and N. Ali, Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 262504 (2007).

Infrared Spectra and Optical Constants of Astronomical Ices: I. Amorphous and Crystalline Acetylene

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hudson, R. L.; Ferrante, R. F.; Moore, M. H.

2013-01-01

Here we report recent measurements on acetylene (C2H2) ices at temperatures applicable to the outer Solar System and the interstellar medium. New near- and mid-infrared data, including optical constants (n, k), absorption coefficients (alpha), and absolute band strengths (A), are presented for both amorphous and crystalline phases of C2H2 that exist below 70 K. Comparisons are made to earlier work. Electronic versions of the data are made available, as is a computer routine to use our reported n and k values to simulate the observed IR spectra. Suggestions are given for the use of the data and a comparison to a spectrum of Makemake is made.

Collecting for the History of Medicine *

PubMed Central

Annan, Gertrude L.

1970-01-01

Value of books depends on their place in the collection, and it is not suggested that the librarian become an expert in the prices of rare books. The dealer should be trusted as an adviser. The same is true about disposal of rare books. An account is given of earlier practice at the New York Academy of Medicine Library in the acquisition of rare books, and some notable items are listed. The importance of pamphlets, reprints, and annual reports is discussed. Building a collection of the institution's own records is commended, and various examples given of how an unbalanced or inappropriate collection loses its value. Good examples of special subject collections are quoted. Care and preservation of rare material are discussed. PMID:5424514

High pressure phase transitions in tetrahedrally coordinated semiconducting compounds

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Yu, S. C.; Spain, I. L.; Skelton, E. F.

1978-01-01

New experimental results are reported for structural transitions at high pressure in several III-V compounds and two II-VI compounds. These data, together with earlier results, are then compared with the predictions of model calculations of Van Vechten. Experimental transition pressures are often at variance with calculated values. However, his calculation assumes that the high pressure phase is metallic, with the beta-Sn structure. The present results show that several compounds assume an ionic NaCl structure at high pressure, while others have neither the beta-Sn nor NaCl structure.

Molecular dynamics study of the conformational properties of cyclohexadecane

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Renshi; Mattice, Wayne L.

1993-06-01

Molecular dynamics has been used for the first time for the study of the conformational properties of cyclohexadecane, c-C16H32. By analyzing a long molecular dynamics trajectory (14.5 ns) at 450 K, equilibrium statistics such as the relative populations of different isomeric conformers and the probability ratios, p(gt)/p(tt), p(gg)/p(tt), and p(gg)/p(gtg), of different conformational segments, have been studied. The dynamic properties including the transition modes of gauche migration and gauche-pair creation, which have been reported before in n-alkanes, and the auto- and cross-correlations of the bond dihedral angles, have also been obtained. It was possible to make direct comparisons on some of the statistics with theory and experiment. Most of the results extracted from the molecular dynamics trajectory lie in between previously reported experimental and theoretical values. Many previously predicted conformers have been confirmed by our simulations. The results of the population probability of the most populated conformer seems to suggest that an earlier discrepancy between the theoretical works and an experimental work originates from insufficient samplings in earlier theoretical works, rather than from their inaccurate force field.

Field testing existence values for riparian ecosystems

Treesearch

John W. Duffield; Chris J. Neher; David A. Patterson; Patricia A. Champ

2007-01-01

This paper presents preliminary findings on a cash and contingent valuation (cv) experiment. The study replicates major elements of an earlier (1990) experiment, which solicited hypothetical and actual donations to benefit instream flows for Montana fisheries. Extensions of the earlier work include: repeat contacts to increase response rate, follow-up of the contingent...

Combining qualitative and quantitative evidence to determine factors leading to late presentation for antiretroviral therapy in Malawi.

PubMed

Parrott, Fiona R; Mwafulirwa, Charles; Ngwira, Bagrey; Nkhwazi, Sothini; Floyd, Sian; Houben, Rein M G J; Glynn, Judith R; Crampin, Amelia C; French, Neil

2011-01-01

Treatment seeking delays among people living with HIV have adverse consequences for outcome. Gender differences in treatment outcomes have been observed in sub-Saharan Africa. To better understand antiretroviral treatment (ART) seeking behaviour in HIV-infected adults in rural Malawi. Qualitative interviews with male and female participants in an ART cohort study at a treatment site in rural northern Malawi triangulated with analysis of baseline clinical and demographic data for 365 individuals attending sequentially for ART screening between January 2008 and September 2009. 43% of the cohort presented with late stage HIV disease classified as WHO stage 3/4. Respondents reported that women's frequency of testing, health awareness and commitment to children led to earlier ART uptake and that men's commitment to wider social networks of influence, masculine ideals of strength, and success with sexual and marital partners led them to refuse treatment until they were sick. Quantitative analysis of the screening cohort provided supporting evidence for these expressed views. Overall, male gender (adjusted OR 2.3, 95% CI1.3-3.9) and never being married (adjusted OR 4.1, 95% CI1.5-11.5) were risk factors for late presentation, whereas having ≥3 dependent children was associated with earlier presentation (adjusted OR 0.31, 95% CI0.15-0.63), compared to those with no dependent children. Gender-specific barriers and facilitators operate throughout the whole process of seeking care. Further efforts to enrol men into care earlier should focus on the masculine characteristics that they value, and the risks to these of severe health decline. Our results emphasise the value of exploring as well as identifying behavioural correlates of late presentation.

The 20-year effort to reduce access to mammography screening: historical facts dispute a commentary in Cancer.

PubMed

Kopans, Daniel B; Webb, Matthew L; Cady, Blake

2014-09-15

Mammography screening fulfills all requirements for an effective screening test. It detects many cancers earlier when they are at a smaller size and earlier stage, and it has been demonstrated that this reduces breast cancer deaths in randomized controlled trials. When screening is introduced into the population, the death rate from breast cancer declines. Nevertheless, scientifically unsupported arguments that appear in the medical literature are passed on to the public and continue to confuse women and physicians regarding the value of screening. Methodologically flawed challenges to mammography have been almost continuous since the 1990s. And, as each challenge has been invalidated, a new, specious challenge has been raised. The authors of this report address the long history of misinformation that has developed in the effort to reduce access to screening, and they address the issues raised by commentators concerning their recent publication in this journal. © 2014 American Cancer Society.

Reassessment of Resuspension Factor Following Radionuclide Dispersal: Toward a General-purpose Rate Constant

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Marshall, Shaun; Potter, Charles; Medich, David

A recent analysis of historical radionuclide resuspension datasets con rmed the general applicability of the Anspaugh and modified Anspaugh models of resuspension factors following both controlled and disastrous releases. The observations appear to increase in variance earlier in time, however all points were equally weighted in statistical fit calculations, inducing a positive skewing of resuspension coeffcients. Such data are extracted from the available deposition experiments spanning 2900 days. Measurements within a 3-day window are grouped into singular sample sets to construct standard deviations. A refitting is performed using a relative instrumental weighting of the observations. The resulting best-fit equations producesmore » tamer exponentials which give decreased integrated resuspension factor values relative to those reported by Anspaugh. As expected, the fits attenuate greater error amongst the data at earlier time. The reevaluation provides a sharper contrast between the empirical models, and reafirms their deficiencies in the short-lived timeframe wherein the dynamics of particulate dispersion dominate the resuspension process.« less

Particle size dependence on magnetic and electrical properties of (Ni0.8Fe0.2)10C90 granular composites.

PubMed

Mandal, Guruprasad; Srinivas, V; Rao, V V

2011-03-01

The granular structure and electrical transport behavior of ball milled magnetic permalloy particles and graphite forming (Ni0.8Fe0.2)10C90 granular composites have been reported. Retaining the composite composition to be 90:10 and varying the particle size of permalloy, the electronic transport properties have been carried out down to 4 K under the external applied magnetic field of 50 kOe. All the samples show semiconducting like behavior and positive magnetoresistance (MR) in the temperature range 4-300 K. A strong anisotropic magnetoresistance in these samples has also been observed. The highest 31% longitudinal and 6.8% transverse magnetoresistance values have been observed in 40 hrs ball milled (Ni0.8Fe0.2)10C90 composite. From these studies, we suggest that the magnetic component present in the sample may not be playing a major role in obtaining large positive MR values, which is in deviation with the earlier reports.

Morphological, structural and thermal studies of gallium nitride ferrite

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Indrakanti, Rajani; Rao, V. Brahmaji; Kiran, C. Udaya

2016-05-06

We report the synthesis and Characterization of III-V doped Nano ferrite Ga{sub (2x+2)}N Fe{sub 2(49-x)}O{sub 3} for x=1 and x=5 by Sol-Gel method. The Morphological, structural and Thermal characterisation studies are done by using Transmission Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis, Selected Area Electron Diffraction, Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis and Differential Thermal Analysis. Using the Sci-Finder software we could not trace any reports related to GaNFe{sub 2}O{sub 3} in the literature. It has been observed from our studies that the particles are in the Cylindrical and the Globular structure. The particle diameter values from the Histograms are in good agreement with themore » XRD values that were communicated by us earlier. The SAED and the EDAX studies reveal the confirmation of the composition and also that the synthesized Ferrite exhibits crystalline nature. The TG-DTA results show that the compound indicates constant sample weight.« less

The Load Distribution in Bolted or Riveted Joints in Light-Alloy Structures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Vogt, F.

1947-01-01

This report contains a theoretical discussion of the load distribution in bolted or riveted joints in light-alloy structures which is applicable not only for loads below the limit of proportionality but also for loads above this limit. The theory is developed for double and single shear joints. The methods given are illustrated by numerical examples and the values assumed for the bolt (or rivet) stiffnesses are based partly on theory and partly on known experimental values. It is shown that the load distribution does not vary greatly with the bolt (or rivet) stiffnesses and that for design purposes it is usually sufficient to know their order of magnitude. The theory may also be directly used for spot-welded structures and, with small modifications, for seam-welded structures, The computational work involved in the methods described is simple and may be completed in a reasonable time for most practical problems. A summary of earlier theoretical and experimental investigations on the subject is included in the report.

Semiconductor measurement technology: Microelectronic ultrasonic bonding

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Harman, G. G. (Editor)

1974-01-01

Information for making high quality ultrasonic wire bonds is presented as well as data to provide a basic understanding of the ultrasonic systems used. The work emphasizes problems and methods of solving them. The required measurement equipment is first introduced. This is followed by procedures and techniques used in setting up a bonding machine, and then various machine- or operator-induced reliability problems are discussed. The characterization of the ultrasonic system and its problems are followed by in-process bonding studies and work on the ultrasonic bonding (welding) mechanism. The report concludes with a discussion of various effects of bond geometry and wire metallurgical characteristics. Where appropriate, the latest, most accurate value of a particular measurement has been substituted for an earlier reported one.

Anisotropic thermal conductivity of thin polycrystalline oxide samples

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tiwari, A., E-mail: abhishektiwariiitr@gmail.com; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800; Boussois, K.

2013-11-15

This paper reports about the development of a modified laser-flash technique and relation to measure the in-plane thermal diffusivity of thin polycrystalline oxide samples. Thermal conductivity is then calculated with the product of diffusivity, specific heat and density. Design and operating features for evaluating in-plane thermal conductivities are described. The technique is advantageous as thin samples are not glued together to measure in-plane thermal conductivities like earlier methods reported in literature. The approach was employed to study anisotropic thermal conductivity in alumina sheet, textured kaolin ceramics and montmorillonite. Since it is rare to find in-plane thermal conductivity values for suchmore » anisotropic thin samples in literature, this technique offers a useful variant to existing techniques.« less

Heliospheric Modulation Strength During The Neutron Monitor Era

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Usoskin, I. G.; Alanko, K.; Mursula, K.; Kovaltsov, G. A.

Using a stochastic simulation of a one-dimensional heliosphere we calculate galactic cosmic ray spectra at the Earth's orbit for different values of the heliospheric mod- ulation strength. Convoluting these spectra with the specific yield function of a neu- tron monitor, we obtain the expected neutron monitor count rates for different values of the modulation strength. Finally, inverting this relation, we calculate the modula- tion strength using the actually recorded neutron monitor count rates. We present the reconstructed annual heliospheric modulation strengths for the neutron monitor era (1953­2000) using several neutron monitors from different latitudes, covering a large range of geomagnetic rigidity cutoffs from polar to equatorial regions. The estimated modulation strengths are shown to be in good agreement with the corresponding esti- mates reported earlier for some years.

The NaK 1 1,3delta states: theoretical and experimental studies of fine and hyperfine structure of rovibrational levels near the dissociation limit.

PubMed

Wilkins, A D; Morgus, L; Hernandez-Guzman, J; Huennekens, J; Hickman, A P

2005-09-22

Earlier high-resolution spectroscopic studies of the fine and hyperfine structure of rovibrational levels of the 1 3delta state of NaK have been extended to include high lying rovibrational levels with v < or = 59, of which the highest levels lie within approximately 4 cm(-1) of the dissociation limit. A potential curve is determined using the inverted perturbation approximation method that reproduces these levels to an accuracy of approximately 0.026 cm(-1). For the largest values of v, the outer turning points occur near R approximately 12.7 angstroms, which is sufficiently large to permit the estimation of the C6 coefficient for this state. The fine and hyperfine structure of the 1 3delta rovibrational levels has been fit using the matrix diagonalization method that has been applied to other states of NaK, leading to values of the spin-orbit coupling constant A(v) and the Fermi contact constant b(F). New values determined for v < or = 33 are consistent with values determined by a simpler method and reported earlier. The measured fine and hyperfine structure for v in the range 44 < or = v < or = 49 exhibits anomalous behavior whose origin is believed to be the mixing between the 1 3delta and 1 1delta states. The matrix diagonalization method has been extended to treat this interaction, and the results provide an accurate representation of the complicated patterns that arise. The analysis leads to accurate values for A(v) and b(F) for all values of v < or = 49. For higher v (50 < or = v < or = 59), several rovibrational levels have been assigned, but the pattern of fine and hyperfine structure is difficult to interpret. Some of the observed features may arise from effects not included in the current model.

Probing for the Multiplicative Term in Modern Expectancy-Value Theory: A Latent Interaction Modeling Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Trautwein, Ulrich; Marsh, Herbert W.; Nagengast, Benjamin; Ludtke, Oliver; Nagy, Gabriel; Jonkmann, Kathrin

2012-01-01

In modern expectancy-value theory (EVT) in educational psychology, expectancy and value beliefs additively predict performance, persistence, and task choice. In contrast to earlier formulations of EVT, the multiplicative term Expectancy x Value in regression-type models typically plays no major role in educational psychology. The present study…

Low energy e-Ar momentum transfer cross-section

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Brennan, M.J.

1992-12-01

Recent work has shown that solutions of the Boltzmann equation which use the so called {open_quotes}two-term{close_quotes} approximation provide an inadequate description of the transverse diffusion of electrons in argon gas at low values of E/N, contrary to earlier evidence. Previous determinations of the momentum transfer cross section for argon from the analysis of transport data have used two-term codes in good faith. Progress towards the determination of a new cross section in the energy range O - 4 eV, including an analysis of the energy dependence of the uncertainty in the derived cross section is reported.

Coalescence preference and droplet size inequality during fluid phase segregation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Roy, Sutapa

2018-02-01

Using molecular dynamics simulations and scaling arguments, we investigate the coalescence preference dynamics of liquid droplets in a phase-segregating off-critical, single-component fluid. It is observed that the preferential distance of the product drop from its larger parent, during a coalescence event, gets smaller for large parent size inequality. The relative coalescence position exhibits a power-law dependence on the parent size ratio with an exponent q ≃ 3.1 . This value of q is in strong contrast with earlier reports 2.1 and 5.1 in the literature. The dissimilarity is explained by considering the underlying coalescence mechanisms.

Widespread occurrence of bd in French Guiana, South America.

PubMed

Courtois, Elodie A; Gaucher, Philippe; Chave, Jérôme; Schmeller, Dirk S

2015-01-01

The amphibian chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) is a purported agent of decline and extinction of many amphibian populations worldwide. Its occurrence remains poorly documented in many tropical regions, including the Guiana Shield, despite the area's high amphibian diversity. We conducted a comprehensive assessment of Bd in French Guiana in order to (1) determine its geographical distribution, (2) test variation of Bd prevalence among species in French Guiana and compare it to earlier reported values in other South American anuran species (http://www.bd-maps.net; 123 species from 15 genera) to define sentinel species for future work, (3) track changes in prevalence through time and (4) determine if Bd presence had a negative effect on one selected species. We tested the presence of Bd in 14 species at 11 sites for a total of 1053 samples (306 in 2009 and 747 in 2012). At least one Bd-positive individual was found at eight out of 11 sites, suggesting a wide distribution of Bd in French Guiana. The pathogen was not uniformly distributed among the studied amphibian hosts, with Dendrobatidae species displaying the highest prevalence (12.4%) as compared to Bufonidae (2.6 %) and Hylidae (1.5%). In contrast to earlier reported values, we found highest prevalence for three Dendrobatidae species and two of them displayed an increase in Bd prevalence from 2009 to 2012. Those three species might be the sentinel species of choice for French Guiana. For Dendrobates tinctorius, of key conservation value in the Guiana Shield, smaller female individuals were more likely to be infected, suggesting either that frogs can outgrow their chytrid infections or that the disease induces developmental stress limiting growth. Generally, our study supports the idea that Bd is more widespread than previously thought and occurs at remote places in the lowland forest of the Guiana shield.

Widespread Occurrence of Bd in French Guiana, South America

PubMed Central

Courtois, Elodie A.; Gaucher, Philippe; Chave, Jérôme; Schmeller, Dirk S.

2015-01-01

The amphibian chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) is a purported agent of decline and extinction of many amphibian populations worldwide. Its occurrence remains poorly documented in many tropical regions, including the Guiana Shield, despite the area’s high amphibian diversity. We conducted a comprehensive assessment of Bd in French Guiana in order to (1) determine its geographical distribution, (2) test variation of Bd prevalence among species in French Guiana and compare it to earlier reported values in other South American anuran species (http://www.bd-maps.net; 123 species from 15 genera) to define sentinel species for future work, (3) track changes in prevalence through time and (4) determine if Bd presence had a negative effect on one selected species. We tested the presence of Bd in 14 species at 11 sites for a total of 1053 samples (306 in 2009 and 747 in 2012). At least one Bd-positive individual was found at eight out of 11 sites, suggesting a wide distribution of Bd in French Guiana. The pathogen was not uniformly distributed among the studied amphibian hosts, with Dendrobatidae species displaying the highest prevalence (12.4%) as compared to Bufonidae (2.6 %) and Hylidae (1.5%). In contrast to earlier reported values, we found highest prevalence for three Dendrobatidae species and two of them displayed an increase in Bd prevalence from 2009 to 2012. Those three species might be the sentinel species of choice for French Guiana. For Dendrobates tinctorius, of key conservation value in the Guiana Shield, smaller female individuals were more likely to be infected, suggesting either that frogs can outgrow their chytrid infections or that the disease induces developmental stress limiting growth. Generally, our study supports the idea that Bd is more widespread than previously thought and occurs at remote places in the lowland forest of the Guiana shield. PMID:25902035

Revisiting the Benefits of Higher Education. A Report by the Bedford Group for Lifecourse and Statistical Studies, Institute of Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bynner, John; Dolton, Peter; Feinstein, Leon; Makepeace, Gerry; Malmberg, Lars; Woods, Laura

An earlier report presented preliminary findings on the wider benefits of higher education in England, drawing on data collected at age 33 from the National Child Development Study, based on a cohort born in 1958 and a sample of more than 16,000. This report updates the earlier conclusions through new findings from a more extensive analysis…

Values for Human-to-Human Reference.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gorman, Michael

2001-01-01

Defines "values" and lists the eight values (stewardship, service, intellectual freedom, rationalism, literacy and learning, equity of access, privacy, democracy) derived by the author in an earlier work. Gives a brief history of the evolution of human-to-human reference service and discusses its future. Relates each of the author's eight values…

The Corridor Principle and the Near Failure Syndrome: Two Generic Concepts with Practical Value for Entrepreneurs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ronstadt, Robert

2007-01-01

In this article, the author defines the Corridor Principle, which explains how entrepreneurs are able to use knowledge and insight from earlier ventures to see new venture opportunities that they could not have seen and/or pursued had they not started an earlier venture. He discusses its importance to practitioners in allowing them to anticipate…

Intellectual Abilities in a Large Sample of Children with Velo-Cardio-Facial Syndrome: An Update

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

De Smedt, Bert; Devriendt, K.; Fryns, J. -P.; Vogels, A.; Gewillig, M.; Swillen, A.

2007-01-01

Background: Learning disabilities are one of the most consistently reported features in Velo-Cardio-Facial Syndrome (VCFS). Earlier reports on IQ in children with VCFS were, however, limited by small sample sizes and ascertainment biases. The aim of the present study was therefore to replicate these earlier findings and to investigate intellectual…

Detection of Circulating Mucorales DNA in Critically Ill Burn Patients: Preliminary Report of a Screening Strategy for Early Diagnosis and Treatment.

PubMed

Legrand, Matthieu; Gits-Muselli, Maud; Boutin, Louis; Garcia-Hermoso, Dea; Maurel, Véronique; Soussi, Sabri; Benyamina, Mourad; Ferry, Axelle; Chaussard, Maïté; Hamane, Samia; Denis, Blandine; Touratier, Sophie; Guigue, Nicolas; Fréalle, Emilie; Jeanne, Mathieu; Shaal, Jean-Vivien; Soler, Charles; Mimoun, Maurice; Chaouat, Marc; Lafaurie, Matthieu; Mebazaa, Alexandre; Bretagne, Stéphane; Alanio, Alexandre

2016-11-15

 Invasive wound mucormycosis (IWM) is associated with an extremely poor outcome among critically ill burn patients. We describe the detection of circulating Mucorales DNA (cmDNA) for the early diagnosis of IWM in those patients and report the potential value of detecting cmDNA for treatment guidance.  Severely ill burn patients admitted to our tertiary referral center between October 2013 and February 2016 were included. Retrospective plasma samples were tested for the presence of cmDNA by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Patients were then prospectively screened twice a week, and liposomal amphotericin-B therapy initiated based on a positive qPCR. The primary endpoint was the time between cmDNA detection and standard diagnosis. Secondary endpoints were the time from cmDNA detection and treatment initiation and mortality.  Seventy-seven patients (418 samples) were included. The average age was 46 (28-60) years, abbreviated burn severity index was 8 (7-10), and simplified acute physiology score was 33 (23-46). The total body surface area was 33% (22%-52%). cmDNA was detected 11 (4.5-15) days before standard diagnosis. The in-hospital mortality was 62% for patients with IWM and 24% for those without (P = .03). The mortality due to IWM was 80% during period A and 33% during period B (P = .46).  This study suggests that the detection of cmDNA allows earlier diagnosis of IWM in severely ill burn patients and earlier initiation of treatment. Further studies are needed to confirm the impact of earlier treatment initiation on patient outcome. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.

Upper arm circumference development in Chinese children and adolescents: a pooled analysis.

PubMed

Tong, Fang; Fu, Tong

2015-05-30

Upper arm development in children is different in different ethnic groups. There have been few reports on upper arm circumference (UAC) at different stages of development in children and adolescents in China. The purpose of this study was to provide a reference for growth with weighted assessment of the overall level of development. Using a pooled analysis, an authoritative journal database search and reports of UAC, we created a new database on developmental measures in children. In conducting a weighted analysis, we compared reference values for 0~60 months of development according to the World Health Organization (WHO) statistics considering gender and nationality and used Z values as interval values for the second sampling to obtain an exponential smooth curve to analyze the mean, standard deviation, and sites of attachment. Ten articles were included in the pooled analysis, and these articles included participants from different areas of China. The point of intersection with the WHO curve was 3.5 years with higher values at earlier ages and lower values at older ages. Boys curve was steeper after puberty. The curves in the studies had a merged line compatible. The Z values of exponential smoothing showed the curves were similar for body weight and had a right normal distribution. The integrated index of UAC in Chinese children and adolescents indicated slightly variations with regions. Exponential curve smoothing was suitable for assessment at different developmental stages.

JPL Test Effectiveness Analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shreck, Stephanie; Sharratt, Stephen; Smith, Joseph F.; Strong, Edward

2008-01-01

1) The pilot study provided meaningful conclusions that are generally consistent with the earlier Test Effectiveness work done between 1992 and 1994: a) Analysis of pre-launch problem/failure reports is consistent with earlier work. b) Analysis of post-launch early mission anomaly reports indicates that there are more software issues in newer missions, and the no-test category for identification of post-launch failures is more significant than in the earlier analysis. 2) Future work includes understanding how differences in Missions effect these analyses: a) There are large variations in the number of problem reports and issues that are documented by the different Projects/Missions. b) Some missions do not have any reported environmental test anomalies, even though environmental tests were performed. 3) Each project/mission has different standards and conventions for filling out the PFR forms, the industry may wish to address this issue: a) Existing problem reporting forms are to document and track problems, failures, and issues (etc.) for the projects, to ensure high quality. b) Existing problem reporting forms are not intended for data mining.

Thermal Optical Properties of Lunar Dust Simulants and Their Constituents

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gaier, James R.; Ellis, Shaneise; Hanks, Nichole

2011-01-01

The total reflectance spectra of lunar simulant dusts (< 20 mm particles) were measured in order to determine their integrated solar absorptance (alpha) and their thermal emittance (epsilon) for the purpose of analyzing the effect of dust on the performance of thermal control surfaces. All of the simulants except one had a wavelength-dependent reflectivity (p (lambda)) near 0.10 over the wavelength range of 8 to 25 microns and so are highly emitting at room temperature and lower. The 300 K emittance (epsilon) of all the lunar simulants except one ranged from 0.78 to 0.92. The exception was Minnesota Lunar Simulant 1 (MLS-1), which has little or no glassy component. In all cases the epsilon was lower for the < 20 micron particles than for larger particles reported earlier. There was considerably more variation in the lunar simulant reflectance in the solar spectral range (250 to 2500 nm) than in the thermal infrared. As expected, the lunar highlands simulants were more reflective in this wavelength range than the lunar mare simulants. The integrated solar absorptance (alpha) of the simulants ranged from 0.39 to 0.75. This is lower than values reported earlier for larger particles of the same simulants (0.41 to 0.82), and for representative mare and highlands lunar soils (0.74 to 0.91). Since the of some mare simulants more closely matched that of highlands lunar soils, it is recommended that and values be the criteria for choosing a simulant for assessing the effects of dust on thermal control surfaces, rather than whether a simulant has been formulated as a highlands or a mare simulant.

Thermal Optical Properties of Lunar Dust Simulants and Their Constituents

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gaier, James R.; Ellis, Shaneise; Hanks, Nichole

2011-01-01

The total reflectance spectra of lunar simulant dusts (less than 20 micrometer particles) were measured in order to determine their integrated solar absorptance (alpha) and their thermal emittance (e) for the purpose of analyzing the effect of dust on the performance of thermal control surfaces. All of the simulants except one had a wavelength-dependant reflectivity (p(lambda)) near 0.10 over the wavelength range of 8 to 25 micrometers, and so are highly emitting at room temperature and lower. The 300 K emittance (epsilon) of all the lunar simulants except one ranged from 0.78 to 0.92. The exception was Minnesota Lunar Simulant 1 (MLS-1), which has little or no glassy component. In all cases the epsilon was lower for the less 20 micrometer particles than for larger particles reported earlier. There was considerably more variation in the lunar simulant reflectance in the solar spectral range (250 to 2500 nanometers) than in the thermal infrared. As expected, the lunar highlands simulants were more reflective in this wavelength range than the lunar mare simulants. The integrated solar absorptance (alpha) of the simulants ranged from 0.39 to 0.75. This is lower than values reported earlier for larger particles of the same simulants (0.41 to 0.82), and for representative mare and highlands lunar soils (0.74 to 0.91). Since the alpha of some mare simulants more closely matched that of highlands lunar soils, it is recommended that and values be the criteria for choosing a simulant for assessing the effects of dust on thermal control surfaces, rather than whether a simulant has been formulated as a highlands or a mare simulant.

Utilization of Molecular, Phenotypic, and Geographical Diversity to Develop Compact Composite Core Collection in the Oilseed Crop, Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) through Maximization Strategy

PubMed Central

Kumar, Shivendra; Ambreen, Heena; Variath, Murali T.; Rao, Atmakuri R.; Agarwal, Manu; Kumar, Amar; Goel, Shailendra; Jagannath, Arun

2016-01-01

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a dryland oilseed crop yielding high quality edible oil. Previous studies have described significant phenotypic variability in the crop and used geographical distribution and phenotypic trait values to develop core collections. However, the molecular diversity component was lacking in the earlier collections thereby limiting their utility in breeding programs. The present study evaluated the phenotypic variability for 12 agronomically important traits during two growing seasons (2011–12 and 2012–13) in a global reference collection of 531 safflower accessions, assessed earlier by our group for genetic diversity and population structure using AFLP markers. Significant phenotypic variation was observed for all the agronomic traits in the representative collection. Cluster analysis of phenotypic data grouped the accessions into five major clusters. Accessions from the Indian Subcontinent and America harbored maximal phenotypic variability with unique characters for a few traits. MANOVA analysis indicated significant interaction between genotypes and environment for both the seasons. Initially, six independent core collections (CC1–CC6) were developed using molecular marker and phenotypic data for two seasons through POWERCORE and MSTRAT. These collections captured the entire range of trait variability but failed to include complete genetic diversity represented in 19 clusters reported earlier through Bayesian analysis of population structure (BAPS). Therefore, we merged the three POWERCORE core collections (CC1–CC3) to generate a composite core collection, CartC1 and three MSTRAT core collections (CC4–CC6) to generate another composite core collection, CartC2. The mean difference percentage, variance difference percentage, variable rate of coefficient of variance percentage, coincidence rate of range percentage, Shannon's diversity index, and Nei's gene diversity for CartC1 were 11.2, 43.7, 132.4, 93.4, 0.47, and 0.306, respectively while the corresponding values for CartC2 were 9.3, 58.8, 124.6, 95.8, 0.46, and 0.301. Each composite core collection represented the complete range of phenotypic and genetic variability of the crop including 19 BAPS clusters. This is the first report describing development of core collections in safflower using molecular marker data with phenotypic values and geographical distribution. These core collections will facilitate identification of genetic determinants of trait variability and effective utilization of the prevalent diversity in crop improvement programs. PMID:27807441

Comment on linewidths and shifts in the Stokes-Raman Q branch of D2 in He

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Green, Sheldon; Blackmore, Robert; Monchick, Louis

1989-01-01

Collision-induced widths and shifts for Raman Q-branch transitions of D2 in He were calculated from S matrices obtained with converged close coupling scattering calculations on an accurate theoretical interaction potential. Results agree well with experimental values. Discrepancies between experimental line shifts and theoretical values from an earlier study (Blackmore et al., 1988) are traced to a computational error in that work. The effects of vibrational inelasticity and of centrifugal distortion on energy levels and on potential matrix elements, all of which were ignored in the earlier study, are explicitly considered here and found to be small.

Refractive indices at visible wavelengths of soot emitted from buoyant turbulent diffusion flames

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wu, J.S.; Krishnan, S.K.; Faeth, G.M.

1996-11-01

Measurements of the optical properties of soot, emphasizing refractive indices, are reported for visible wavelengths. The experiments considered soot in the fuel-lean (overfire) region of buoyant turbulent diffusion flames in the long residence time regime where soot properties are independent of position in the overfire region and residence time. Flames fueled with acetylene, propylene, ethylene and propane burning in still air provided a range of soot physical and structure properties. Measurements included soot composition, density, structure, gravimetric volume fraction, scattering properties and absorption properties. These data were analyzed to find soot fractal dimensions, refractive indices and dimensionless extinction coefficients, assumingmore » Rayleigh-Debye-Gans scattering for polydisperse mass fractal aggregates (RDG-PFA theory). RDG-PFA theory was successfully evaluated, based on measured scattering patterns. Soot fractal dimensions were independent of both fuel type and wavelength, yielding a mean value of 1.77 with a standard deviation of 0.04. Refractive indices were independent of fuel type within experimental uncertainties and were in reasonably good agreement with earlier measurements for soot in the fuel-lean region of diffusion flames due to Dalzell and Sarofim (1969). Dimensionless extinction coefficients were independent of both fuel type and wavelength, yielding a mean value of 5.1 with a standard deviation of 0.5, which is lower than earlier measurements for reasons that still must be explained.« less

Measurement of the Fluorescence Lifetime of Chlorophyll a In Vivo

PubMed Central

Singhal, G. S.; Rabinowitch, E.

1969-01-01

New measurements have been made of fluorescence lifetime (τ) of chlorophyll a in the algae Chlorella pyrenoidosa, Porphyridium cruentum, Anacystis nidulans, and in spinach chloroplast. τ-values of 0.6 and 0.7 nsec were obtained with green plants. Anacystis and Porphyridium gave a τ of 0.5 nsec. The previously described two stage decay of fluorescence in vivo in these organisms could not be confirmed. This observation could have been caused by a second wave of light emission from the exciting hydrogen lamp (not detected in earlier work). The lifetimes found in this study (calculated, as before, by the method of convolution integrals) were close to those found by other observers for “low” excitation intensities; the value first reported from this laboratory (1.0-1.7 nsec) may have corresponded to “high” excitation intensity. PMID:5778187

The associations of earlier trauma exposures and history of mental disorders with PTSD after subsequent traumas

PubMed Central

Kessler, Ronald C.; Aguilar-Gaxiola, Sergio; Alonso, Jordi; Bromet, Evelyn J.; Gureje, Oye; Karam, Elie G.; Koenen, Karestan C.; Lee, Sing; Liu, Howard; Pennell, Beth-Ellen; Petukhova, Maria V.; Sampson, Nancy A.; Shahly, Victoria L.; Stein, Dan J.; Atwoli, Lukoye; Borges, Guilherme; Bunting, Brendan; de Girolamo, Giovanni; Gluzman, Semyon; Haro, Josep Maria; Hinkov, Hristo; Kawakami, Norito; Kovess-Masfety, Viviane; Navarro-Mateu, Fernando; Posada-Villa, Jose; Scott, Kate M.; Shalev, Arieh Y.; Have, Margreet ten; Torres, Yolanda; Viana, Maria Carmen; Zaslavsky, Alan M.

2017-01-01

Although earlier trauma exposure is known to predict post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after subsequent traumas, it is unclear if this association is limited to cases where the earlier trauma led to PTSD. Resolution of this uncertainty has important implications for research on pre-trauma vulnerability to PTSD. We examined this issue in the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys with 34,676 respondents who reported lifetime trauma exposure. One lifetime trauma was selected randomly for each respondent. DSM-IV PTSD due to that trauma was assessed. We reported in a previous paper that four earlier traumas involving interpersonal violence significantly predicted PTSD after subsequent random traumas (OR=1.3–2.5). We also assessed 14 lifetime DSM-IV mood, anxiety, disruptive behavior, and substance disorders prior to random traumas. We show in the current report that only prior anxiety disorders significantly predicted PTSD in a multivariate model (OR=1.5–4.3) and that these disorders interacted significantly with three of the earlier traumas (witnessing atrocities, physical violence victimization, rape). History of witnessing atrocities significantly predicted PTSD after subsequent random traumas only among respondents with prior PTSD (OR=5.6). Histories of physical violence victimization (OR=1.5) and rape after age 17 (OR=17.6) significantly predicted only among respondents with no history of prior anxiety disorders. Although only preliminary due to reliance on retrospective reports, these results suggest that history of anxiety disorders and history of a limited number of earlier traumas might usefully be targeted in future prospective studies as distinct foci of research on individual differences in vulnerability to PTSD after subsequent traumas. PMID:28924183

Alloying effects on structural and thermal behavior of Ti{sub 1-x}Zr{sub x}C: A first principles study

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chauhan, Mamta, E-mail: mamta-physics@yahoo.co.in; Gupta, Dinesh C., E-mail: sosfizix@gmail.com

2016-05-06

The formation energy, equilibrium lattice parameter, bulk modulus, Debye temperature and heat capacity at constant volume have been calculated for TiC, ZrC, and their intermediate alloys (Ti{sub 1-x}Zr{sub x}C, x = 0,0.25.0.5,0.75,1) using first principles approach. The calculated values of lattice parameter and bulk modulus agree well with the available experimental and earlier theoretical reports. The variation of lattice parameter and bulk modulus with the change in concentration of Zr atom in Ti{sub 1-x}Zr{sub x}C has also been reported. The heat capacities of TiC, ZrC, and their intermediate alloys have been calculated by considering both vibrational and electronic contributions.

An unanticipated allergic reaction to a hypnotic suggestion for anesthesia: a brief communication and commentary.

PubMed

Guttman, Kenneth; Ball, Thomas S

2013-01-01

During a demonstration of hypnotically induced anesthesia and following a suggestion for a Novocain-like numbness, a totally unanticipated and dramatic swelling of 1 cheek appeared. The participant had forgotten to inform the psychologist that she had experienced the identical reaction to Novocain when she received an injection a few weeks earlier. The swelling was quickly removed by a countersuggestion based upon a simulated injection of the antidote previously administered by the dentist. This case report is relevant to current research and theorizing on the interaction of hypnosis with the immune system. The fact that it was retrospectively recognized as a single-case time-series B-A-B design significantly enhances its scientific value beyond that afforded by the traditional case report.

The Creative Use of Companion Values in Environmental Education and Education for Sustainable Development: Exploring the Educative Moment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Garrison, Jim; Östman, Leif; Håkansson, Michael

2015-01-01

Our paper addresses the emergence and evolution of values in educational settings. It builds upon and extends earlier work on companion meanings to develop a theory of the creative use of companion values and meanings in education. The recognition of companion values in educational practices highlight epistemological, ethical, and aesthetic…

Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska, Coastal Plain Resource Assessment: Report and recommendation to the Congress of the United States and final legislative environmental impact statement

USGS Publications Warehouse

,

1987-01-01

The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, in the northeastern corner of Alaska, was first established as the Arctic National Wildlife Range by Public Land Order 2214 in 1960, for the purpose of preserving unique wildlife, wilderness, and recreational values. The original 8.9-millionacre Range was withdrawn from all forms of appropriation under the public land laws, including mining laws but not including mineral leasing laws. This order culminated extensive efforts begun more than a decade earlier to preserve this unique part of Alaska. The following report analyzes the potential environmental consequences of five management alternatives for the coastal plain, ranging from opening for lease of the entire area for oil and gas development, to wilderness designation. A legislative environmental impact statement has been integrated into the report.

Metallic copper nanoparticles induce apoptosis in a human skin melanoma A-375 cell line

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chakraborty, Ruchira; Basu, Tarakdas

2017-03-01

In two earlier communications (Chatterjee et al 2012 Nanotechnology 23 085103, Chatterjee et al 2014 Nanotechnology 25 135101), we reported the development of a simple and unique method of synthesizing highly stable metallic copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs) with high antibacterial activity. Here we report on the cytotoxic potency of the NPs against cancer cells. The value of the IC50 dose of the Cu NPs against human skin cancer cell A-375 was found to be 1.71 μg ml-1 only, which was much less than values reported so far, and this concentration had no cytotoxic effect on normal white blood cells. The NPs caused (i) lowering of cell membrane rigidity, (ii) DNA degradation, (iii) chromosomal condensation, (iv) cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase, (v) depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane and (vi) apoptosis of cells. Cellular apoptosis occurred in the caspase-9-mediated intrinsic pathway. This study revealed that our Cu NPs had high anticancer properties by killing tumor cells through the apoptotic pathway. Since this particle has high antibacterial activity, our Cu NPs might be developed in future as a dual action drug—anticancer as well as antibacterial.

76 FR 52539 - Federal Employees' Retirement System; Present Value Conversion Factors for Spouses of Deceased...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-23

... OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT 5 CFR Part 843 RIN 3206-AM29 Federal Employees' Retirement System; Present Value Conversion Factors for Spouses of Deceased Separated Employees AGENCY: Office of Personnel... Subpart C of Part 843--Present Value Conversion Factors for Earlier Commencing Date of Annuities of...

Whole-rock analyses of core samples from the 1988 drilling of Kilauea Iki lava lake, Hawaii

USGS Publications Warehouse

Helz, Rosalind Tuthill; Taggart, Joseph E.

2010-01-01

This report presents and evaluates 64 major-element analyses of previously unanalyzed Kilauea Iki drill core, plus three samples from the 1959 and 1960 eruptions of Kilauea, obtained by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis during the period 1992 to 1995. All earlier major-element analyses of Kilauea Iki core, obtained by classical (gravimetric) analysis, were reported and evaluated in Helz and others (1994). In order to assess how well the newer data compare with this earlier suite of analyses, a subset of 24 samples, which had been analyzed by classical analysis, was reanalyzed using the XRF technique; those results are presented and evaluated in this report also. The XRF analyses have not been published previously. This report also provides an overview of how the chemical variations observed in these new data fit in with the chemical zonation patterns and petrologic processes inferred in earlier studies of Kilauea Iki.

The interaction between specific and general information in category learning and representation: unitization and parallel interactive processing.

PubMed

Nahinsky, Irwin D; Harbison, J Isaiah

2011-01-01

We investigated the effects of specific stimulus information on the use of rule information in a category learning task in 2 experiments, one presented here and an intercategory transfer task reported in an earlier article. In the present experiment photograph--name combinations, called identifiers, were associated with 4 demographic attributes. The same attribute information was shown to all participants. However, for one group of participants, half of the identifiers were paired with attribute values repeated over presentation blocks. For the other group the identifier information was new for each presentation block. The first group performed less well than the second group on stimuli with nonrepeated identifiers, indicating a negative effect of specific stimulus information on processing rule information. Application of a network model to the 2 experiments, which provided for the growth of connections between attribute values in learning, indicated that repetition of identifiers produced a unitizing effect on stimuli. Results suggested that unitization produced interference through connections between irrelevant attribute values.

Correlation of the rates of solvolysis of α-bromoisobutyrophenone using both simple and extended forms of the Grunwald-Winstein equation and the application of correlation analysis to related studies.

PubMed

Kevill, Dennis Neil; Kim, Chang-Bae; D'Souza, Malcolm John

2018-03-01

A Grunwald-Winstein treatment of the specific rates of solvolysis of α-bromoisobutyrophenone in 100% methanol and in several aqueous ethanol, methanol, acetone, 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE), and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP) mixtures gives a good logarithmic correlation against a linear combination of N T (solvent nucleophilicity) and Y Br (solvent ionizing power) values. The l and m sensitivity values are compared to those previously reported for α-bromoacetophenone and to those obtained from parallel treatments of literature specific rate values for the solvolyses of several tertiary mesylates containing a C(=O)R group attached at the α-carbon. Kinetic data obtained earlier by Pasto and Sevenair for the solvolyses of the same substrate in 75% aqueous ethanol (by weight) in the presence of silver perchlorate and perchloric acid are analyzed using multiple regression analysis.

Correlation of the Rates of Solvolysis of i-Butyl Fluoroformate and a Consideration of Leaving-Group Effects

PubMed Central

Lee, Yelin; Park, Kyoung-Ho; Seong, Mi Hye; Kyong, Jin Burm; Kevill, Dennis N.

2011-01-01

The specific rates of solvolysis of isobutyl fluoroformate (1) have been measured at 40.0 °C in 22 pure and binary solvents. These results correlated well with the extended Grunwald-Winstein (G-W) equation, which incorporated the NT solvent nucleophilicity scale and the YCl solvent ionizing power scale. The sensitivities (l and m-values) to changes in solvent nucleophilicity and solvent ionizing power, and the kF/kCl values are very similar to those observed previously for solvolyses of n-octyl fluoroformate, consistent with the additional step of an addition-elimination pathway being rate-determining. The solvent deuterium isotope effect value (kMeOH/kMeOD) for methanolysis of 1 was determined, and for solvolyses in ethanol, methanol, 80% ethanol, and 70% TFE, the values of the enthalpy and the entropy of activation for the solvolysis of 1 were also determined. The results are compared with those reported earlier for isobutyl chloroformate (2) and other alkyl haloformate esters and mechanistic conclusions are drawn. PMID:22174633

Infrared line intensity measurements in the v = 0-1 band of the ClO radical

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Burkholder, James B.; Howard, Carleton J.; Hammer, Philip D.; Goldman, Aaron

1989-01-01

Integrated line intensity measurements in the ClO-radical fundamental vibrational v = 0-1 band were carried out using a high-resolution Fourier transform spectrometer coupled to a long-path-length absorption cell. The results of a series of measurements designed to minimize systematic errors, yielded a value of the fundamental IR band intensity of the ClO-radical equal to 9.68 + or - 1.45/sq cm per atm at 296 K. This result is consistent with all the earlier published results, with the exception of measurements reported by Kostiuk et al. (1986) and Lang et al. (1988).

Self- and cross-citations in the Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis and the Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior: 1993-2003.

PubMed

Elliott, Amy J; Morgan, Kineta; Fuqua, R Wayne; Ehrhardt, Kristal; Poling, Alan

2005-01-01

Self- and cross-citations in JABA and JEAB from 1993 through 2003 were examined. Yearly mean levels of self-citation for JABA and JEAB were 34.9% and 33.2%, respectively. Overall, 7.8% of JABA citations were JEAB articles, and 0.6% of JEAB citations were JABA articles. The former value, but not the latter, is substantially higher than the cross-citation level reported for earlier years. The two JEAB articles most often cited in JABA were published over 20 years ago and are concerned with establishing operations and the matching law.

Self- and Cross-Citations in the Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis and the Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior: 1993–2003

PubMed Central

2005-01-01

Self- and cross-citations in JABA and JEAB from 1993 through 2003 were examined. Yearly mean levels of self-citation for JABA and JEAB were 34.9% and 33.2%, respectively. Overall, 7.8% of JABA citations were JEAB articles, and 0.6% of JEAB citations were JABA articles. The former value, but not the latter, is substantially higher than the cross-citation level reported for earlier years. The two JEAB articles most often cited in JABA were published over 20 years ago and are concerned with establishing operations and the matching law. PMID:16463538

Therapeutics role of olive fruits/oil in the prevention of diseases via modulation of anti-oxidant, anti-tumour and genetic activity.

PubMed

Rahmani, Arshad H; Albutti, Aqel S; Aly, Salah M

2014-01-01

The current mode of treatment for various diseases is based on synthetic drugs are effective but they show adverse effect and also alter the genetic and metabolic activity. Moreover, some drugs prepared from plants and their constituents show potentiality with more efficacy than synthetic agents used in clinical therapy. Earlier report has shown that regular consumption of fruits and vegetables is strongly related with reduced risk of developing various diseases. Several epidemiological studies has shown that, the incidence heart disease and cancers is lowest in the Mediterranean basin as compared to the part of the world because of their diet rich in olives and olive products. Olives are commonly consumed in Mediterranean and Arabian Peninsula and also have been documented in Holy Quran and modern scientific literatures. Earlier studies have shown that, the constituents from olive such as oleuropein, squalene and hydroxytyrosol modulate the genes functions and other activities. In this review, the medicinal value of olives and their constituents are summarized in terms of therapeutic approach in the diseases management through regulation of various activities.

Therapeutics role of olive fruits/oil in the prevention of diseases via modulation of anti-oxidant, anti-tumour and genetic activity

PubMed Central

Rahmani, Arshad H; Albutti, Aqel S; Aly, Salah M

2014-01-01

The current mode of treatment for various diseases is based on synthetic drugs are effective but they show adverse effect and also alter the genetic and metabolic activity. Moreover, some drugs prepared from plants and their constituents show potentiality with more efficacy than synthetic agents used in clinical therapy. Earlier report has shown that regular consumption of fruits and vegetables is strongly related with reduced risk of developing various diseases. Several epidemiological studies has shown that, the incidence heart disease and cancers is lowest in the Mediterranean basin as compared to the part of the world because of their diet rich in olives and olive products. Olives are commonly consumed in Mediterranean and Arabian Peninsula and also have been documented in Holy Quran and modern scientific literatures. Earlier studies have shown that, the constituents from olive such as oleuropein, squalene and hydroxytyrosol modulate the genes functions and other activities. In this review, the medicinal value of olives and their constituents are summarized in terms of therapeutic approach in the diseases management through regulation of various activities. PMID:24955148

Racial and Regional Differences in Age at Menopause in the United States: Findings from the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study

PubMed Central

Mcknight, Katherine K.; Wellons, Melissa F.; Sites, Cynthia K.; Roth, David L.; Szychowski, Jeff M.; Halanych, Jewell H.; Cushman, Mary; Safford, Monika M.

2011-01-01

Objectives To examine regional and Black-White differences in mean age at self-reported menopause among community-dwelling women in the US. Study Design Cross-sectional survey conducted in the context of the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke and Myocardial Infarction study. Results We studied 22,484 menopausal women. After controlling for covariates, Southern women reported menopause 10.8 months earlier than Northeastern women, 8.4 months earlier than Midwestern women, and 6.0 months earlier than Western women (p<0.05 for all). No difference was observed in menopausal age between Black and White women after controlling for covariates (p=0.69). Conclusions Women in the South report earlier menopause than those in other regions, but the cause remains unclear. Our study's large sample size and adjustment for multiple confounders lends weight to our finding of no racial difference in age at menopause. More study is needed of the implications of these findings with regard to vascular health. PMID:21663888

Value Analysis of Digital Breast Tomosynthesis for Breast Cancer Screening in a US Medicaid Population.

PubMed

Miller, Jeffrey D; Bonafede, Machaon M; Herschorn, Sally D; Pohlman, Scott K; Troeger, Kathleen A; Fajardo, Laurie L

2017-04-01

Better understanding regarding the clinical-economic value of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) for breast cancer screening for Medicaid enrollees is needed to help inform sound, value-based decision making. The objective of this study was to conduct a clinical-economic value analysis of DBT for breast cancer screening among women enrolled in Medicaid to assess the potential clinical benefits, associated expenditures, and net budget impact of DBT. Two annual screening mammography scenarios were evaluated with an economic model: (1) full-field digital mammography and (2) combined full-field digital mammography and DBT. The model focused on two main drivers of DBT value: (1) capacity for DBT to reduce the number of women recalled for additional follow-up imaging and diagnostic services and (2) capacity of DBT to facilitate earlier diagnosis of cancer at earlier stages, when treatment costs are lower. Model analysis results showed that the use of DBT as a mammographic screening modality by Medicaid enrollees potentially reduces the need for follow-up diagnostic services and improves the detection of invasive cancers, allowing earlier, less costly treatment. With the modest incremental reimbursement of $37 for DBT expected for a typical Medicaid claim, annual cost savings from DBT predicted by the model amounts to $8.14 per patient, potentially translating into more than $12,000 savings per year for an average-sized Medicaid plan and as much as $207,000 savings per year for a typical state Medicaid program. Wider adoption of DBT presents an opportunity to deliver value-based care to Medicaid programs and to help address disparities and barriers to accessing preventive care by some of the nation's most vulnerable citizens. Copyright © 2016 American College of Radiology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Traumatic brain injury history is associated with an earlier age of dementia onset in autopsy-confirmed Alzheimer's disease.

PubMed

Schaffert, Jeff; LoBue, Christian; White, Charles L; Chiang, Hsueh-Sheng; Didehbani, Nyaz; Lacritz, Laura; Rossetti, Heidi; Dieppa, Marisara; Hart, John; Cullum, C Munro

2018-05-01

To evaluate whether a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) with reported loss of consciousness (LOC) is a risk factor for earlier onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in an autopsy-confirmed sample. Data from 2,133 participants with autopsy-confirmed AD (i.e., at least Braak neurofibrillary tangle stages III to VI and CERAD neuritic plaque score moderate to frequent) were obtained from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC). Participants were categorized by presence/absence of self-reported remote (i.e., >1 year prior to their first Alzheimer's Disease Center visit) history of TBI with LOC (TBI+ vs. TBI-). Analyses of Covariance (ANCOVA) controlling for sex, education, and race compared groups on clinician-estimated age of symptom onset and age of diagnosis. Average age of onset was 2.34 years earlier (p = .01) for the TBI+ group (n = 194) versus the TBI- group (n = 1900). Dementia was diagnosed on average 2.83 years earlier (p = .002) in the TBI+ group (n = 197) versus the TBI- group (n = 1936). Using more stringent neuropathological criteria (i.e., Braak stages V-VI and CERAD frequent), both age of AD onset and diagnosis were 3.6 years earlier in the TBI+ group (both p's < .001). History of TBI with reported LOC appears to be a risk factor for earlier AD onset. This is the first study to use autopsy-confirmed cases, supporting previous investigations that used clinical criteria for the diagnosis of AD. Further investigation as to possible underlying mechanisms of association is needed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).

Classical eighth- and lower-order Runge-Kutta-Nystroem formulas with a new stepsize control procedure for special second-order differential equations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fehlberg, E.

1973-01-01

New Runge-Kutta-Nystrom formulas of the eighth, seventh, sixth, and fifth order are derived for the special second-order (vector) differential equation x = f (t,x). In contrast to Runge-Kutta-Nystrom formulas of an earlier NASA report, these formulas provide a stepsize control procedure based on the leading term of the local truncation error in x. This new procedure is more accurate than the earlier Runge-Kutta-Nystrom procedure (with stepsize control based on the leading term of the local truncation error in x) when integrating close to singularities. Two central orbits are presented as examples. For these orbits, the accuracy and speed of the formulas of this report are compared with those of Runge-Kutta-Nystrom and Runge-Kutta formulas of earlier NASA reports.

Electronic, elastic and optical properties of divalent (R+2X) and trivalent (R+3X) rare earth monochalcogenides

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kumar, V.; Chandra, S.; Singh, J. K.

2017-08-01

Based on plasma oscillations theory of solids, simple relations have been proposed for the calculation of bond length, specific gravity, homopolar energy gap, heteropolar energy gap, average energy gap, crystal ionicity, bulk modulus, electronic polarizability and dielectric constant of rare earth divalent R+2X and trivalent R+3X monochalcogenides. The specific gravity of nine R+2X, twenty R+3X, and bulk modulus of twenty R+3X monochalcogenides have been calculated for the first time. The calculated values of all parameters are compared with the available experimental and the reported values. A fairly good agreement has been obtained between them. The average percentage deviation of two parameters: bulk modulus and electronic polarizability for which experimental data are known, have also been calculated and found to be better than the earlier correlations.

Diffusivity of Carbon Dioxide in Aqueous Solutions under Geologic Carbon Sequestration Conditions.

PubMed

Perera, Pradeep N; Deng, Hang; Schuck, P James; Gilbert, Benjamin

2018-04-26

Accurate assessment of the long-term security of geologic carbon sequestration requires knowledge of the mobility of carbon dioxide in brines under pressure and temperature conditions that prevail in subsurface aquifers. Here, we report Raman spectroscopic measurements of the rate of CO 2 diffusion in water and brines as a function of pressure, salinity, and concentration of CO 2 . In pure water at 50 ± 2 °C and 90 ± 2 bar, we find the diffusion coefficient, D, to be (3.08 ± 0.03) × 10 -9 m 2 /s, a value that is consistent with a recent microfluidic study but lower than earlier PVT measurements. Under reservoir conditions, salinity affects the mobility of CO 2 significantly and D decreased by 45% for a 4 M solution of NaCl. We find significant differences of diffusivity of CO 2 in brines (0-4 M NaCl), in both the absolute values and the trend compared to the Stokes-Einstein prediction under our experimental conditions. We observe that D decreases significantly at the high CO 2 concentrations expected in subsurface aquifers (∼15% reduction at 0.55 mol/kg of CO 2 ) and provides an empirical correction to the commonly reported D values that assume a tracer concentration dependence on diffusivity.

Two Photon Absorption And Refraction in Bulk of the Semiconducting Materials

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kumari, Vinay; Department of Physics, DCRUST Murthal, Haryana; Kumar, Vinod

2011-10-20

Fast electronic detection systems have opened up a number of new fields like nonlinear optics, optical communication, coherent optics, optical bistability, two/four wave mixing. The interest in this field has been stimulated by the importance of multiphoton processes in many fundamental aspects of physics. It has proved to be an invaluable tool for determining the optical and electronic properties of the solids because of the fact that one gets the information about the bulk of the material rather than the surface one. In this paper we report, the measurement of the nonlinear absorption and refraction from the band gap tomore » half-band gap region of bulk of semiconductors in the direct and indirect band gap crystals with nanosecond laser. The measured theoretical calculated values of two-photon absorption coefficients ({beta}) and nonlinear refraction n{sub 2}({omega}) of direct band gap crystal match the earlier reported theoretical predictions. By making use of these theoretical calculated values, we have estimated {beta} and n{sub 2}({omega}) in the case of indirect band gap crystals. Low value of absorption coefficient in case of indirect band gap crystals have been attributed to phonon assisted transition while reduction in nonlinear refraction is due to the rise in saturation taking place in the absorption.« less

Observation of the Y (4140) structure in the J/ψϕ mass spectrum in B±→ J/ψϕK± decays

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aaltonen, T.; González, B. Álvarez; Amerio, S.; Amidei, D.; Anastassov, A.; Annovi, A.; Antos, J.; Apollinari, G.; Appel, J. A.; Apresyan, A.; Arisawa, T.; Artikov, A.; Asaadi, J.; Ashmanskas, W.; Auerbach, B.; Aurisano, A.; Azfar, F.; Badgett, W.; Barbaro-Galtieri, A.; Barnes, V. E.; Barnett, B. A.; Barria, P.; Bartos, P.; Bauce, M.; Bauer, G.; Bedeschi, F.; Beecher, D.; Behari, S.; Bellettini, G.; Bellinger, J.; Benjamin, D.; Beretvas, A.; Bhatti, A.; Binkley, M.; Bisello, D.; Bizjak, I.; Bland, K. R.; Blumenfeld, B.; Bocci, A.; Bodek, A.; Bortoletto, D.; Boudreau, J.; Boveia, A.; Brau, B.; Brigliadori, L.; Brisuda, A.; Bromberg, C.; Brucken, E.; Buccianton, M.; Budagov, J.; Budd, H. S.; Budd, S.; Burkett, K.; Busetto, G.; Bussey, P.; Buzatu, A.; Calancha, C.; Camarda, S.; Campanelli, M.; Campbell, M.; Canelli, F.; Canepa, A.; Carls, B.; Carlsmith, D.; Carosi, R.; Carrillo, S.; Carron, S.; Casal, B.; Castro, A.; Catastini, P.; Cauz, D.; Cavaliere, V.; Cavalli-Sforza, M.; Cerri, A.; Cerrito, L.; Chen, Y. C.; Chertok, M.; Chlachidze, G.; Chlebana, F.; Cho, K.; Chokheli, D.; Chou, J. P.; Chung, W. H.; Chung, Y. S.; Ciobanu, C. I.; Ciocci, M. A.; Clark, A.; Compostella, G.; Convery, M. E.; Conway, J.; Corbo, M.; Cordelli, M.; Cox, C. A.; Cox, D. J.; Crescioli, F.; Cuenca Almenar, C.; Cuevas, J.; Culbertson, R.; Dagenhart, D.; D'Ascenzo, N.; Datta, M.; de Barbaro, P.; de Cecco, S.; de Lorenzo, G.; Dell'Orso, M.; Deluca, C.; Demortier, L.; Deng, J.; Deninno, M.; Devoto, F.; D'Errico, M.; di Canto, A.; di Ruzza, B.; Dittmann, J. R.; D'Onofrio, M.; Donati, S.; Dong, P.; Dorigo, M.; Dorigo, T.; Ebina, K.; Elagin, A.; Eppig, A.; Erbacher, R.; Errede, D.; Errede, S.; Ershaidat, N.; Eusebi, R.; Fang, H. C.; Farrington, S.; Feindt, M.; Fernandez, J. P.; Ferrazza, C.; Field, R.; Flanagan, G.; Forrest, R.; Frank, M. J.; Franklin, M.; Freeman, J. C.; Funakoshi, Y.; Furic, I.; Gallinaro, M.; Galyardt, J.; Garcia, J. E.; Garfinkel, A. F.; Garosi, P.; Gerberich, H.; Gerchtein, E.; Giagu, S.; Giakoumopoulou, V.; Giannetti, P.; Gibson, K.; Ginsburg, C. M.; Giokaris, N.; Giromini, P.; Giunta, M.; Giurgiu, G.; Glagolev, V.; Glenzinski, D.; Gold, M.; Goldin, D.; Goldschmidt, N.; Golossanov, A.; Gomez, G.; Gomez-Ceballos, G.; Goncharov, M.; González, O.; Gorelov, I.; Goshaw, A. T.; Goulianos, K.; Gresele, A.; Grinstein, S.; Grosso-Pilcher, C.; Group, R. C.; da Costa, J. Guimaraes; Gunay-Unalan, Z.; Haber, C.; Hahn, S. R.; Halkiadakis, E.; Hamaguchi, A.; Han, J. Y.; Happacher, F.; Hara, K.; Hare, D.; Hare, M.; Harr, R. F.; Hatakeyama, K.; Hays, C.; Heck, M.; Heinrich, J.; Hewamanage, S.; Hidas, D.; Hocker, A.; Hopkins, W.; Horn, D.; Hou, S.; Hughes, R. E.; Hurwitz, M.; Husemann, U.; Hussain, N.; Hussein, M.; Huston, J.; Introzzi, G.; Iori, M.; Ivanov, A.; James, E.; Jang, D.; Jayatilaka, B.; Jeon, E. J.; Jha, M. K.; Jindariani, S.; Johnson, W.; Jones, M.; Joo, K. K.; Jun, S. Y.; Junk, T. R.; Kamon, T.; Karchin, P. E.; Kato, Y.; Ketchum, W.; Keung, J.; Khotilovich, V.; Kilminster, B.; Kim, D. H.; Kim, H. S.; Kim, H. W.; Kim, J. E.; Kim, M. J.; Kim, S. B.; Kim, S. H.; Kim, Y. K.; Kimura, N.; Kirby, M.; Klimenko, S.; Kondo, K.; Kong, D. J.; Konigsberg, J.; Kotwal, A. V.; Kreps, M.; Kroll, J.; Krop, D.; Krumnack, N.; Kruse, M.; Krutelyov, V.; Kuhr, T.; Kurata, M.; Kwang, S.; Laasanen, A. T.; Lami, S.; Lammel, S.; Lancaster, M.; Lander, R. L.; Lannon, K.; Lath, A.; Latino, G.; Lazzizzera, I.; Lecompte, T.; Lee, E.; Lee, H. S.; Lee, J. S.; Lee, S. W.; Leo, S.; Leone, S.; Lin, C.-J.; Linacre, J.; Lindgren, M.; Lipeles, E.; Lister, A.; Litvintsev, D. O.; Liu, C.; Liu, Q.; Liu, T.; Lockwitz, S.; Lockyer, N. S.; Loginov, A.; Lucchesi, D.; Lueck, J.; Lujan, P.; Lungu, G.; Lys, J.; Lysak, R.; Madrak, R.; Maeshima, K.; Makhoul, K.; Maksimovic, P.; Malik, S.; Manca, G.; Manousakis-Katsikakis, A.; Margaroli, F.; Marino, C.; Martínez, M.; Martínez-Ballarín, R.; Mastrandrea, P.; Mathis, M.; Mattson, M. E.; Mazzanti, P.; McFarland, K. S.; McIntyre, P.; McNulty, R.; Mehta, A.; Mehtala, P.; Menzione, A.; Mesropian, C.; Miao, T.; Mietlicki, D.; Mitra, A.; Miyake, H.; Moed, S.; Moggi, N.; Mondragon, M. N.; Moon, C. S.; Moore, R.; Morello, M. J.; Morlock, J.; Fernandez, P. Movilla; Mukherjee, A.; Muller, Th.; Murat, P.; Mussini, M.; Nachtman, J.; Nagai, Y.; Naganoma, J.; Nakano, I.; Napier, A.; Nett, J.; Neu, C.; Neubauer, M. S.; Nielsen, J.; Nodulman, L.; Norniella, O.; Nurse, E.; Oakes, L.; Oh, S. H.; Oh, Y. D.; Oksuzian, I.; Okusawa, T.; Orava, R.; Ortolan, L.; Griso, S. Pagan; Pagliarone, C.; Palencia, E.; Papadimitriou, V.; Paramonov, A. A.; Patrick, J.; Pauletta, G.; Paulini, M.; Paus, C.; Pellett, D. E.; Penzo, A.; Phillips, T. J.; Piacentino, G.; Pianori, E.; Pilot, J.; Plager, C.; Pondrom, L.; Potamianos, K.; Poukhov, O.; Prokoshin, F.; Pronko, A.; Ptohos, F.; Pueschel, E.; Punzi, G.; Pursley, J.; Rahaman, A.; Ramakrishnan, V.; Ranjan, N.; Redondo, I.; Renton, P.; Rescigno, M.; Rimondi, F.; Ristori, L.; Robson, A.; Rodrigo, T.; Rodriguez, T.; Rogers, E.; Rolli, S.; Roser, R.; Rossi, M.; Rubbo, F.; Ruffini, F.; Ruiz, A.; Russ, J.; Rusu, V.; Safonov, A.; Sakumoto, W. K.; Sakurai, Y.; Santi, L.; Sartori, L.; Sato, K.; Saveliev, V.; Savoy-Navarro, A.; Schlabach, P.; Schmidt, A.; Schmidt, E. E.; Schmidt, M. P.; Schmitt, M.; Schwarz, T.; Scodellaro, L.; Scribano, A.; Scuri, F.; Sedov, A.; Seidel, S.; Seiya, Y.; Semenov, A.; Sforza, F.; Sfyrla, A.; Shalhout, S. Z.; Shears, T.; Shepard, P. F.; Shimojima, M.; Shiraishi, S.; Shochet, M.; Shreyber, I.; Simonenko, A.; Sinervo, P.; Sissakian, A.; Sliwa, K.; Smith, J. R.; Snider, F. D.; Soha, A.; Somalwar, S.; Sorin, V.; Squillacioti, P.; Stancari, M.; Stanitzki, M.; Denis, R. St.; Stelzer, B.; Stelzer-Chilton, O.; Stentz, D.; Strologas, J.; Strycker, G. L.; Sudo, Y.; Sukhanov, A.; Suslov, I.; Takemasa, K.; Takeuchi, Y.; Tang, J.; Tecchio, M.; Teng, P. K.; Thom, J.; Thome, J.; Thompson, G. A.; Thomson, E.; Ttito-Guzmán, P.; Tkaczyk, S.; Tokar, S.; Tollefson, K.; Tomura, T.; Torre, S.; Torretta, D.; Totaro, P.; Trovato, M.; Tu, Y.; Ukegawa, F.; Uozumi, S.; Varganov, A.; Vázquez, F.; Velev, G.; Vellidis, C.; Vidal, M.; Vila, I.; Vilar, R.; Vizán, J.; Vogel, M.; Volpi, G.; Wagner, P.; Wagner, R. L.; Wakisaka, T.; Wallny, R.; Wang, S. M.; Warburton, A.; Waters, D.; Weinberger, M.; Whitehouse, B.; Whiteson, D.; Wicklund, E.; Wilbur, S.; Wick, F.; Williams, H. H.; Wilson, J. S.; Wilson, P.; Winer, B. L.; Wittich, P.; Wolfe, H.; Wright, T.; Wu, X.; Wu, Z.; Yamamoto, K.; Yamaoka, J.; Yang, T.; Yang, U. K.; Yang, Y. C.; Yao, W.-M.; Yeh, G. P.; Yi, K.; Yoh, J.; Yorita, K.; Yoshida, T.; Yu, G. B.; Yu, I.; Yu, S. S.; Yun, J. C.; Zanetti, A.; Zeng, Y.; Zucchelli, S.

2017-08-01

The observation of the Y (4140) structure in B±→ J/ψϕK± decays produced in p¯p collisions at s = 1.96 TeV is reported with a statistical significance greater than 5 standard deviations. A fit to the J/ψϕ mass spectrum is performed assuming the presence of a Breit-Wigner resonance. The fit yields a signal of 19 ± 6(stat) ± 3(syst) resonance events, and resonance mass and width of 4143.4-3.0+2.9(stat) ± 0.6(syst)MeV/c2 and 15.3-6.1+10.4(stat) ± 2.5(syst)MeV/c2, respectively. The parameters of this resonance-like structure are consistent with values reported from an earlier CDF analysis.

A Review of Quality of Life after Predictive Testing for and Earlier Identification of Neurodegenerative Diseases

PubMed Central

Paulsen, Jane S.; Nance, Martha; Kim, Ji-In; Carlozzi, Noelle E.; Panegyres, Peter K.; Erwin, Cheryl; Goh, Anita; McCusker, Elizabeth; Williams, Janet K.

2013-01-01

The past decade has witnessed an explosion of evidence suggesting that many neurodegenerative diseases can be detected years, if not decades, earlier than previously thought. To date, these scientific advances have not provoked any parallel translational or clinical improvements. There is an urgency to capitalize on this momentum so earlier detection of disease can be more readily translated into improved health-related quality of life for families at risk for, or suffering with, neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss health-related quality of life (HRQOL) measurement in neurodegenerative diseases and the importance of these “patient reported outcomes” for all clinical research. Next, we address HRQOL following early identification or predictive genetic testing in some neurodegenerative diseases: Huntington disease, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Dementia with Lewy bodies, frontotemporal dementia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, prion diseases, hereditary ataxias, Dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy and Wilson's disease. After a brief report of available direct-to-consumer genetic tests, we address the juxtaposition of earlier disease identification with assumed reluctance towards predictive genetic testing. Forty-one studies examining health related outcomes following predictive genetic testing for neurodegenerative disease suggested that (a) extreme or catastrophic outcomes are rare; (b) consequences commonly include transiently increased anxiety and/or depression; (c) most participants report no regret; (d) many persons report extensive benefits to receiving genetic information; and (e) stigmatization and discrimination for genetic diseases are poorly understood and policy and laws are needed. Caution is appropriate for earlier identification of neurodegenerative diseases but findings suggest further progress is safe, feasible and likely to advance clinical care. PMID:24036231

Orbital evolution and search for eccentricity and apsidal motion in the eclipsing HMXB 4U 1700-37

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Islam, Nazma; Paul, Biswajit

2016-09-01

In the absence of detectable pulsations in the eclipsing high-mass X-ray binary 4U 1700-37, the orbital period decay is necessarily determined from the eclipse timing measurements. We have used the earlier reported mid-eclipse time measurements of 4U 1700-37 together with the new measurements from long-term light curves obtained with the all sky monitors RXTE-ASM, Swift-BAT and MAXI-GSC, as well as observations with RXTE-PCA, to measure the long-term orbital evolution of the binary. The orbital period decay rate of the system is estimated to be {dot{P}}/P = -(4.7 ± 1.9) × 10^{-7} yr-1, smaller compared to its previous estimates. We have also used the mid-eclipse times and the eclipse duration measurements obtained from 10-years-long X-ray light curve with Swift-BAT to separately put constraints on the eccentricity of the binary system and attempted to measure any apsidal motion. For an apsidal motion rate greater than 5 deg yr-1, the eccentricity is found to be less than 0.008, which limits our ability to determine the apsidal motion rate from the current data. We discuss the discrepancy of the current limit of eccentricity with the earlier reported values from radial velocity measurements of the companion star.

20 CFR 416.1246 - Disposal of resources at less than fair market value.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... the time of transfer or contract of sale, if earlier. See § 416.1101 for definition of current market... enforceable) agreement in effect at the time of transfer. Compensation also includes all money, real or...—General. The uncompensated value is the fair market value of a resource at the time of transfer minus the...

The associations of earlier trauma exposures and history of mental disorders with PTSD after subsequent traumas.

PubMed

Kessler, R C; Aguilar-Gaxiola, S; Alonso, J; Bromet, E J; Gureje, O; Karam, E G; Koenen, K C; Lee, S; Liu, H; Pennell, B-E; Petukhova, M V; Sampson, N A; Shahly, V; Stein, D J; Atwoli, L; Borges, G; Bunting, B; de Girolamo, G; Gluzman, S F; Haro, J M; Hinkov, H; Kawakami, N; Kovess-Masfety, V; Navarro-Mateu, F; Posada-Villa, J; Scott, K M; Shalev, A Y; Ten Have, M; Torres, Y; Viana, M C; Zaslavsky, A M

2017-09-19

Although earlier trauma exposure is known to predict posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after subsequent traumas, it is unclear whether this association is limited to cases where the earlier trauma led to PTSD. Resolution of this uncertainty has important implications for research on pretrauma vulnerability to PTSD. We examined this issue in the World Health Organization (WHO) World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys with 34 676 respondents who reported lifetime trauma exposure. One lifetime trauma was selected randomly for each respondent. DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition) PTSD due to that trauma was assessed. We reported in a previous paper that four earlier traumas involving interpersonal violence significantly predicted PTSD after subsequent random traumas (odds ratio (OR)=1.3-2.5). We also assessed 14 lifetime DSM-IV mood, anxiety, disruptive behavior and substance disorders before random traumas. We show in the current report that only prior anxiety disorders significantly predicted PTSD in a multivariate model (OR=1.5-4.3) and that these disorders interacted significantly with three of the earlier traumas (witnessing atrocities, physical violence victimization and rape). History of witnessing atrocities significantly predicted PTSD after subsequent random traumas only among respondents with prior PTSD (OR=5.6). Histories of physical violence victimization (OR=1.5) and rape after age 17 years (OR=17.6) significantly predicted only among respondents with no history of prior anxiety disorders. Although only preliminary due to reliance on retrospective reports, these results suggest that history of anxiety disorders and history of a limited number of earlier traumas might usefully be targeted in future prospective studies as distinct foci of research on individual differences in vulnerability to PTSD after subsequent traumas.Molecular Psychiatry advance online publication, 19 September 2017; doi:10.1038/mp.2017.194.

Relationship between parent knowledge of child sleep, and child sleep practices and problems: A pilot study in a children's hospital cohort.

PubMed

McDowall, Philippa S; Elder, Dawn E; Campbell, Angela J

2017-08-01

To describe parent reports of sleep practices, and examine associations with parent knowledge of child sleep, and whether children's sleep practices differ between parents who underestimated, overestimated or accurately estimated children's sleep needs. Parents of children aged 2-12 years (n = 115) attending hospital inpatient or day wards were approached and asked to report child sleep routines, sleep problems, parent education, household income and parent knowledge of child sleep via questionnaire. Younger age was associated with earlier bedtimes and wake times, shorter sleep latencies, longer sleep durations and greater sleep problems (P < 0.05). Parents from higher income homes reported earlier bedtimes and wake times, shorter sleep latencies and fewer sleep problems (P < 0.05). Parents with higher education reported shorter sleep latencies (P < 0.05). Parents with greater knowledge about child sleep reported earlier weekday and weekend bedtimes (r s  ≥ 0.26) and wake times (r s  ≥ 0.21) and greater consistency between their child's weekend and weekday sleep routines (P < 0.05). In comparison with parents who correctly estimated their child's sleep needs: parents who underestimated reported later weekday bedtimes (on average, 46 min), and longer sleep latencies (17 min); parents who overestimated reported longer sleep latencies (22 min). These findings remained significant when controlling for child age (P < 0.05). Parents with increased sleep knowledge, higher incomes and higher levels of education were more likely to report earlier bedtimes, wake times and more consistent sleep routines for their children. © 2017 Paediatrics and Child Health Division (The Royal Australasian College of Physicians).

2017 Accomplishments – Tritium Aging Studies on Stainless Steel Weldments and Heat-Affected Zones

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Morgan, Michael J.; Hitchcock, Dale; Krentz, Tim

In this study, the combined effects tritium and decay helium in forged and welded Types 304L and 21-6-9 stainless steels were studied. To measure these effects, fracture mechanic specimens were thermally precharged with tritium and aged for approximately 17 years to build in decay helium from tritium decay prior to testing. The results are compared to earlier measurements on the same alloys and weldments (4-5, 8-9). In support of Enhanced Surveillance, “Tritium Effects on Materials”, the fracture toughness properties of long-aged tritium-charged stainless-steel base metals and weldments were measured and compared to earlier measurements. The fracture-toughness data were measured bymore » thermally precharging as-forged and as-welded specimens with tritium gas at 34.5 MPa and 350°C and aging for approximately 17 years to build-in decay helium prior to testing. These data result from the longest aged specimens ever tested in the history of the tritium effects programs at Savannah River and the fracture toughness values measured were the lowest ever recorded for tritium-exposed stainless steel. For Type 21-6-9 stainless steel, fracture toughness values were reduced to less than 2-4% of the as-forged values to 41 lbs / in specimens that contained more than 1300 appm helium from tritium decay. The fracture toughness properties of long-aged weldments were also measured. The fracture toughness reductions were not as severe because the specimens did not retain as much tritium from the charging and aging as did the base metals. For Type 304L weldments, the specimens in this study contained approximately 600 appm helium and their fracture toughness values averaged 750 lbs / in. The results for other steels and weldments are reported and additional tests will be conducted during FY18.« less

The Earlier the Better? Taking the AP® in 10th Grade. Research Report No. 2012-10

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rodriguez, Awilda; McKillip, Mary E. M.; Niu, Sunny X.

2013-01-01

In this report, the authors examine the impact of scoring a 1 or 2 on an AP® Exam in 10th grade on later AP Exam participation and performance. As access to AP courses increases within and across schools, a growing number of students are taking AP courses and exams in the earlier grades of high school. Using a matched sample of AP and no-AP…

The composition, heating value and renewable share of the energy content of mixed municipal solid waste in Finland

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Horttanainen, M., E-mail: mika.horttanainen@lut.fi; Teirasvuo, N.; Kapustina, V.

Highlights: • New experimental data of mixed MSW properties in a Finnish case region. • The share of renewable energy of mixed MSW. • The results were compared with earlier international studies. • The average share of renewable energy was 30% and the average LHVar 19 MJ/kg. • Well operating source separation decreases the renewable energy content of MSW. - Abstract: For the estimation of greenhouse gas emissions from waste incineration it is essential to know the share of the renewable energy content of the combusted waste. The composition and heating value information is generally available, but the renewable energymore » share or heating values of different fractions of waste have rarely been determined. In this study, data from Finnish studies concerning the composition and energy content of mixed MSW were collected, new experimental data on the compositions, heating values and renewable share of energy were presented and the results were compared to the estimations concluded from earlier international studies. In the town of Lappeenranta in south-eastern Finland, the share of renewable energy ranged between 25% and 34% in the energy content tests implemented for two sample trucks. The heating values of the waste and fractions of plastic waste were high in the samples compared to the earlier studies in Finland. These high values were caused by good source separation and led to a low share of renewable energy content in the waste. The results showed that in mixed municipal solid waste the renewable share of the energy content can be significantly lower than the general assumptions (50–60%) when the source separation of organic waste, paper and cardboard is carried out successfully. The number of samples was however small for making extensive conclusions on the results concerning the heating values and renewable share of energy and additional research is needed for this purpose.« less

Near total magnetic moment compensation with high Curie temperature in Mn2V0.5Co0.5Z (Z  =  Ga,Al) Heusler alloys

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Midhunlal, P. V.; Arout Chelvane, J.; Arjun Krishnan, U. M.; Prabhu, D.; Gopalan, R.; Kumar, N. Harish

2018-02-01

Mn2V1-x Co x Z (Z  =  Ga,Al and x  =  0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1) Heusler alloys have been synthesized to investigate the effect of Co substitution at the V site on the magnetic moment and Curie temperature of half-metallic ferrimagnets Mn2VGa and Mn2VAl. Near total magnetic moment compensation was achieved with high Curie temperature for x  =  0.5 composition. The Co substituted alloys show a non linear decrease in lattice parameter without altering the crystal structure of the parent alloys. The end members Mn2VGa and Mn2CoGa have the saturation magnetization of 1.80 µ B/f.u. and 2.05 µ B/f.u. respectively whereas for the Mn2V0.5Co0.5Ga alloy, a near total magnetic moment compensation (0.10 µ B/f.u.) was observed due to the ferrimagnetic coupling of Mn with parallelly aligned V and Co. The Co substituted Mn2VAl has also shown a similar trend with compensated magnetic moment value of 0.06 µ B/f.u. for x  =  0.5. The Curie temperatures of the alloys including the x  =  0.5 composition are well above the room temperature (more than 650 K) which is in sharp contrast to the earlier reported values of 171 K for the (MnCo)VGa and 105 K for the (MnCo)VAl (substitution at the Mn site). The observed T C values are highest among the Mn2V based fully compensated ferrimagnets. The magnetic moment compensation without significant reduction in T C indicates that the V site substitution of Co does not weaken the magnetic interaction in Mn2VZ (Z  =  Ga,Al) alloys which is contrary to the earlier experimental reports on Mn site substitution.

Overgeneral autobiographical memory and age of onset of childhood sexual abuse in patients with recurrent suicidal behaviour.

PubMed

Crane, Catherine; Duggan, Danielle S

2009-03-01

To explore the association between age of onset of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and overgeneral memory (OGM) in a clinical sample. Presence and age of onset of CSA and levels of OGM were assessed in 49 patients attending hospital following a recurrence of suicidal behaviour. Twenty six participants reported CSA. Earlier age of onset of CSA was associated with greater OGM, indexed by fewer specific and more categoric memories. The association was not accounted for either by elevated levels of depression in those reporting earlier abuse, nor by levels of general verbal fluency. The findings are consistent with previous work and support the hypothesis that abuse occurring earlier in development results in more pronounced OGM.

Final report on COOMET.AUV.A-S1: Technical report on supplementary comparison 'Comparison of national standards of the sound pressure unit in air through calibration of working reference microphones'

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pozdeeva, Valentina; Chalyy, Vladimir

2014-01-01

The supplementary comparison COOMET.AUV.A-S1 for secondary calibration methods using WS1 and WS2 measurement microphones was carried out from 2009 to 2010. The results were submitted to and approved by CCAUV in April 2014. Four National Metrology Institutes took part in this comparison and are as follows: BelGIM (Belarus), VNIIFTRI (Russia), SMU (Slovakia) and DP NDI 'Sistema' (Ukraine). Three of the above NMIs (VNIIFTRI, SMU and DP NDI 'Sistema') had earlier participated in COOMET key comparisons and one NMI (VNIIFTRI) had also participated in CCAUV key comparisons. The Comparison Reference Values were calculated as the weighted mean values from results obtained by three institutes. The comparison results show agreement for all participants in the frequency range from 20 Hz to 12.5 kHz for WS1 microphones, and in the frequency range from 20 Hz to 16 kHz for WS2 microphones. Main text. To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCAUV, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).

The role of early maturation, perceived popularity, and rumors in the emergence of internalizing symptoms among adolescent girls.

PubMed

Reynolds, Bridget M; Juvonen, Jaana

2011-11-01

Despite the widely reported link between early pubertal timing and internalizing symptoms among girls, less is known about the peer reputation of earlier maturing girls. The current study assesses whether early maturation is associated with perceived popularity and/or rumors, and whether these reputational factors help account for earlier maturing girls' vulnerability to emotional distress. Drawing on three waves of data collected from an ethnically diverse sample of middle school girls (n = 912), hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed that more advanced development at the start of middle school predicted peer- and teacher-reported popularity as well as increased risk of being targeted for rumors. Mediation analyses suggested that popularity among boys can put earlier developing girls at risk for rumors. Finally, rumors acted as a partial mechanism through which early maturation was associated with subsequent internalizing symptoms. Knowledge of the peer mechanisms putting earlier developing girls at risk for psychosocial maladjustment can inform intervention and prevention efforts aimed at improving adolescent well-being.

DFT calculation of pKa’s for dimethoxypyrimidinylsalicylic based herbicides

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Delgado, Eduardo J.

2009-03-01

Dimethoxypyrimidinylsalicylic derived compounds show potent herbicidal activity as a result of the inhibition of acetohydroxyacid synthase, the first common enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of the branched-chain aminoacids (valine, leucine and isoleucine) in plants, bacteria and fungi. Despite its practical importance, this family of compounds have been poorly characterized from a physico-chemical point of view. Thus for instance, their pK a's have not been reported earlier neither experimentally nor theoretically. In this study, the acid-dissociation constants of 39 dimethoxypyrimidinylsalicylic derived herbicides are calculated by DFT methods at B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level of theory. The calculated values are validated by two checking tests based on the Hammett equation.

Effects of site preparation on timber and non-timber values of loblolly pine plantations

Treesearch

Jianbang Gan; Stephen H. Kolison; James H. Miller; Tasha M. Hargrove

1998-01-01

This study evaluated the timber and non-timber values of the forest stands generated by four site preparation methods tested in the Tuskegee National Forest 15 yr earlier. The timber values of the forest stands were assessed with the timber yields predicted by the SE TWIGS model. Non-timber benefits were evaluated through the Contingent Valuation Method. Two hundred...

Changes in Attitudes of P.S.S.C. Physics Students: A Second Look

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gardner, P. L.

1973-01-01

Reports data which provide a partial replication of an earlier study of changes in attitudes of Physical Science Study Committee (PSSC) physics students. Data from the present research failed to support earlier findings. Several reasons for the discrepancies are advanced. (JR)

Symptoms of an Intrauterine Hematoma Associated with Pregnancy Complications: A Systematic Review

PubMed Central

Xiang, Lan; Wei, Zhaolian; Cao, Yunxia

2014-01-01

Objective To evaluate the predictive value of the symptoms of an intrauterine hematoma (IUH) for adverse pregnancy outcomes. Methods A literature review was performed with the search terms, including intrauterine/subchorionic/retroplacental/subplacental hematoma/hemorrhage/bleeding/collection/fluid, covering the period from January, 1981 to January, 2014. We just focused on the pregnancy outcomes associated with different symptoms of an IUH. Results It is generally agreed that a retroplacental, posterior or subchorionic in the fundus of uterus, and/or persistent IUH is associated with adverse outcomes in the ongoing pregnancy. However, the prognosis value of both volume and gestational age at diagnosis of IUH still remains controversial. Some researchers argue that a large IUH is associated with an increased risk of adverse events during pregnancy while others refuted. It is believed by some that the earlier an IUH was detected, the higher the risk for adverse outcomes would be, while no or weak association were reported by other studies. The prognostic value of the simultaneous presence of vaginal bleeding on pregnancy outcome is also controversial. Conclusions Both the position relative to the placenta or uterus and duration of IUH have strong predictive value on the prognosis in the ongoing pregnancy. However, the prognostic values of the IUH volume, gestational age at diagnosis and the simultaneous presence of vaginal bleeding remain controversial up to now. Moreover, most of previous reports are small, uncontrolled studies with incomplete information. Prospective, large sample, cohorts studies which take all detailed symptoms of an IUH into consideration are needed when we evaluate its clinical significance in the prognosis of pregnancy. PMID:25369062

Talent's Network Way of Thinking

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gyarmathy, Éva

2016-01-01

In the 21st century support for gifted education and talent, as are many other earlier values and solutions, is being reassessed. In the age of rapidly changing values, keeping provision up-to-date is achieved through the continual rethinking, reviewing and challenging the concept of giftedness and talent. The perception and our understanding of…

Forest products harvested in Hawaii - 1967

Treesearch

Herbert L. Wick

1968-01-01

A survey of the primary forest products harvested in Hawaii in 1967 showed a total value of $334,000, a 24 percent increase over the value in the 1958 survey. Compared with the earlier survey, the volume of sawlogs and treefern harvested has gone up while the volume of fuelwood and posts harvested has declined.

The Classroom Observations of Vietnamese Teachers: Mediating Underlying Values to Understand Student Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tsukui, Atsushi; Saito, Eisuke; Sato, Masaaki; Michiyama, Megumi; Murase, Masatsugu

2017-01-01

This study uses the grounded theory approach (GTA) to investigate the value and characteristics of teacher observations, when used to understand student learning. Earlier studies have analysed the act of observation, defining it as a combination of joint observation and interpretation activities. By contrast, this analysis of 28 primary school…

Hands as Sex Cues: Sensitivity Measures, Male Bias Measures, and Implications for Sex Perception Mechanisms

PubMed Central

Gaetano, Justin; van der Zwan, Rick; Blair, Duncan; Brooks, Anna

2014-01-01

Sex perceptions, or more particularly, sex discriminations and sex categorisations, are high-value social behaviours. They mediate almost all inter-personal interactions. The two experiments reported here had the aim of exploring some of the basic characteristics of the processes giving rise to sex perceptions. Experiment 1 confirmed that human hands can be used as a cue to an individual’s sex even when colour and texture cues are removed and presentations are brief. Experiment 1 also showed that when hands are sexually ambiguous observers tend to classify them as male more often than female. Experiment 2 showed that “male bias” arises not from sensitivity differences but from differences in response biases. Observers are conservative in their judgements of targets as female but liberal in their judgements of targets as male. These data, combined with earlier reports, suggest the existence of a sex-perception space that is cue-invariant. PMID:24603615

Observation of the Y (4140) structure in the J/ψΦ mass spectrum in B±→ J/ψΦK ± decays

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Aaltonen, T.; González, B. Álvarez; Amerio, S.

Here, the observation of themore » $Y(4140)$ structure in $$B^\\pm\\rightarrow J/\\psi\\,\\phi K^\\pm$$ decays produced in $$\\bar{p} p $$ collisions at $$\\sqrt{s}=1.96~TeV$$ is reported with a statistical significance greater than 5 standard deviations. A fit to the $$J/\\psi\\,\\phi$$ mass spectrum is performed assuming the presence of a Breit-Wigner resonance. The fit yields a signal of $$19^{+6}_{-5}$$ resonance events, and resonance mass and width of $$4143.4^{+2.9}_{-3.0}(\\mathrm{stat})\\pm0.6(\\mathrm{syst}) ~MeVcc$$ and $$15.3^{+10.4}_{-6.1}(\\mathrm{stat})\\pm2.5(\\mathrm{syst})~MeVcc$$ respectively. The parameters of this resonance-like structure are consistent with values reported from an earlier CDF analysis.« less

Observation of the Y (4140) structure in the J/ψΦ mass spectrum in B±→ J/ψΦK ± decays

DOE PAGES

Aaltonen, T.; González, B. Álvarez; Amerio, S.; ...

2017-07-27

Here, the observation of themore » $Y(4140)$ structure in $$B^\\pm\\rightarrow J/\\psi\\,\\phi K^\\pm$$ decays produced in $$\\bar{p} p $$ collisions at $$\\sqrt{s}=1.96~TeV$$ is reported with a statistical significance greater than 5 standard deviations. A fit to the $$J/\\psi\\,\\phi$$ mass spectrum is performed assuming the presence of a Breit-Wigner resonance. The fit yields a signal of $$19^{+6}_{-5}$$ resonance events, and resonance mass and width of $$4143.4^{+2.9}_{-3.0}(\\mathrm{stat})\\pm0.6(\\mathrm{syst}) ~MeVcc$$ and $$15.3^{+10.4}_{-6.1}(\\mathrm{stat})\\pm2.5(\\mathrm{syst})~MeVcc$$ respectively. The parameters of this resonance-like structure are consistent with values reported from an earlier CDF analysis.« less

In situ stratospheric measurements of HNO3 and HCl near 30 km using the balloon-borne laser in situ sensor tunable diode laser spectrometer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

May, R. D.; Webster, C. R.

1989-01-01

In situ stratospheric measurements of the concentrations of the reservoir species HNO3 and HCl made during two flights of the high-resolution (0.0005/cm) balloon-borne laser in situ sensor instrument from Palestine, Texas, are reported. A measured HNO3 volume mixing ratio of 4.3 parts per billion by volume (ppbv) at 31 km altitude is about 1 ppbv larger than previously reported measurements at 32 deg N. An HCl mixing ratio of 1.6 ppbv at 29 km is in agreement with values obtained from earlier remote sensing techniques within the experimental uncertainties. Upper limits at 31 km of 0.4 ppbv for H2O2 and 0.2 ppbv for HOCl are also derived from analyses of spectra recorded near 1252/cm.

Differential Effects of Positive and Negative Reinforcement on Two Psychoanalytic Character Types

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cooperman, Marc; Child, Irvin L.

1971-01-01

The present study attempted to duplicate earlier findings and to investigate the effects of mechanical as well as personal reinforcement. However, the acquisition and extinction differences between oral and anal scoring types reported in the earlier studies were not obtained with either personal or mechanical reinforcement. (Author)

Economic analysis of the gypsy moth problem in the northeast: II. applied to residential property

Treesearch

Brian R. Payne; William B. White; Roger E. McCay; Robert R. McNichols

1973-01-01

Guidelines are presented for determining dollar losses in residential property values from tree mortality caused by the gypsy moth. The method is based on an earlier study in Amherst, Massachusetts, of the contribution of trees to property values. For each target area, the method requires data on property value, lot size, and number of trees 6 inches dbh and larger for...

Benefit/cost comparison for utility SMES applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Desteese, J. G.; Dagle, J. E.

1991-08-01

This paper summarizes eight case studies that account for the benefits and costs of superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) in system-specific utility applications. Four of these scenarios are hypothetical SMES applications in the Pacific Northwest, where relatively low energy costs impose a stringent test on the viability of the concept. The other four scenarios address SMES applications on high-voltage, direct-current (HVDC) transmission lines. While estimated SMES benefits are based on a previously reported methodology, this paper presents results of an improved cost-estimating approach that includes an assumed reduction in the cost of the power conditioning system (PCS) from approximately $160/kW to $80/kW. The revised approach results in all the SMES scenarios showing higher benefit/cost ratios than those reported earlier. However, in all but two cases, the value of any single benefit is still less than the unit's levelized cost. This suggests, as a general principle, that the total value of multiple benefits should always be considered if SMES is to appear cost effective in many utility applications. These results should offer utilities further encouragement to conduct more detailed analyses of SMES benefits in scenarios that apply to individual systems.

Assessment of Air Quality in the Shuttle and International Space Station (ISS) Based on Samples Returned by STS-100 at the Conclusion of 6A

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

James, John T.

2001-01-01

The toxicological assessment of air samples returned at the end of the STS-100 (6A) flight to the ISS is reported. ISS air samples were taken in March and April 2001 from the Service Module, FGB, and U.S. Laboratory using grab sample canisters (GSCs) and/or formaldehyde badges. An unplanned "first-entry" sample of the MPLM2 (multipurpose logistics module) atmosphere was taken with a GSC, and preflight and end-of-mission samples were obtained from Endeavour using GSCs. Analytical methods have not changed from earlier reports, and all quality control measures were met for the data presented herein. The two general criteria used to assess air quality are the total-non-methane-volatile organic hydrocarbons (NMVOCs) and the total T-value (minus the CO2 and formaldehyde contribution). Because of the Freon 218 (octafluoropropane, OFP) leak, its contribution to the NMVOC is indicated in brackets. When comparing the NMVOC values with the 25 mg/cubic m guideline, the OFP contributions should be subtracted. Control of atmospheric alcohols is important to the water recovery system engineers, hence total alcohols were also assessed in each sample.

Earlier warning: a multi-indicator approach to monitoring trends in the illicit use of medicines.

PubMed

Mounteney, Jane; Haugland, Siren

2009-03-01

The availability of medicines on the illicit drug market is currently high on the international policy agenda, linked to adverse health consequences including addiction, drug related overdoses and injection related problems. Continuous surveillance of illicit use of medicines allows for earlier identification and reporting of emerging trends and increased possibilities for earlier intervention to prevent spread of use and drug related harm. This paper aims to identify data sources capable of monitoring the illicit use of medicines; present trend findings for Rohypnol and Subutex using a multi-indicator monitoring approach; and consider the relevance of such models for policy makers. Data collection and analysis were undertaken in Bergen, Norway, using the Bergen Earlier Warning System (BEWS), a multi-indicator drug monitoring system. Data were gathered at six monthly intervals from April 2002 to September 2006. Drug indicator data from seizures, treatment, pharmacy sales, helplines, key informants and media monitoring were triangulated and an aggregated differential was used to plot trends. Results for the 4-year period showed a decline in the illicit use of Rohypnol and an increase in the illicit use of Subutex. Multi-indicator surveillance models can play a strategic role in the earlier identification and reporting of emerging trends in illicit use of medicines.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gilliland, Ronald L.; Ramsey, Lawrence W.; Chaplin, William J.

An earlier study of the Kepler Mission noise properties on timescales of primary relevance to detection of exoplanet transits found that higher than expected noise followed, to a large extent, from the stars rather than instrument or data analysis performance. The earlier study over the first six quarters of Kepler data is extended to the full four years ultimately comprising the mission. Efforts to improve the pipeline data analysis have been successful in reducing noise levels modestly as evidenced by smaller values derived from the current data products. The new analyses of noise properties on transit timescales show significant changesmore » in the component attributed to instrument and data analysis, with essentially no change in the inferred stellar noise. We also extend the analyses to timescales of several days, instead of several hours to better sample stellar noise that follows from magnetic activity. On the longer timescale there is a shift in stellar noise for solar-type stars to smaller values in comparison to solar values.« less

Fragility Index variation in (Li2O)x(B2O3) 100-x melts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Skipper, Charles; Chbeir, Ralph; Mohanty, Chandi; Boolchand, Punit

We have measured the fragility index (m) of titled melts as a function of Li2O content in the 0

Gene Expression Profiling of Nonhuman Primates Exposed to Aerosolized Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-12-01

endogenous pyrogens occur slightly earlier in s.c. infections, but are more pro- longed by aerosol. Lymphopenia also seems to be more aggressive in...brain) Brain P-value (lung) Lung P-value (spleen) Spleen Antigen processing, endogenous antigen via MHC class I (BP) HLA-A 213932_x_at 8.58E-05 2.40

The Wider Benefits of Higher Education. Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

London Univ. (England). Inst. of Education.

This research used data from the British National Child Development Study to assess the effects of higher education on a number of noneconomic adult outcomes in the United Kingdom, with controls in place to take into account earlier family circumstances and earlier educational attainment. Outcomes were mainly assessed at age 33, and control…

Formal Models of Word Recognition. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Travers, Jeffrey R.

Existing mathematical models of word recognition are reviewed and a new theory is proposed in this research. The new theory integrates earlier proposals within a single framework, sacrificing none of the predictive power of the earlier proposals, but offering a gain in theoretical economy. The theory holds that word recognition is accomplished by…

O+OH-->O(2)+H: A key reaction for interstellar chemistry. New theoretical results and comparison with experiment.

PubMed

Lique, F; Jorfi, M; Honvault, P; Halvick, P; Lin, S Y; Guo, H; Xie, D Q; Dagdigian, P J; Kłos, J; Alexander, M H

2009-12-14

We report extensive, fully quantum, time-independent (TID) calculations of cross sections at low collision energies and rate constants at low temperatures for the O+OH reaction, of key importance in the production of molecular oxygen in cold, dark, interstellar clouds and in the chemistry of the Earth's atmosphere. Our calculations are compared with TID calculations within the J-shifting approximation, with wave-packet calculations, and with quasiclassical trajectory calculations. The fully quantum TID calculations yield rate constants higher than those from the more approximate methods and are qualitatively consistent with a low-temperature extrapolation of earlier experimental values but not with the most recent experiments at the lowest temperatures.

Manganese-Chromium Isotope Systematics of Ivuna, Kainsaz and Other Carbonaceous Chondrites

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shukolyukov, A.; Lugmair, G. W.; Bogdanovski, O.

2003-01-01

We have shown earlier that the bulk samples of carbonaceous chondrites [CC] reveal excesses in both Cr-53 (Cr-53*) and Cr-54 (Cr-54*) as compared to the terrestrial standard value. The Cr-53/52 ratios in bulk samples of Orgueil (CI), Murray (CM), Allende (CV), and the Bencubbin/CH-like meteorite Hammadah Al Hambra 237 (HH237) are correlated with the respective Mn/Cr ratios. In contrast to CC, HH237 is characterized by a deficit of Cr-53 (-0.15 +/- 0.10(epsilon)) at a low Mn/Cr ratio of 0.07. The HH237 data point, however, falls on the CC line. Here we report new Mn-53 - Cr-53 results for the CC Kainsaz (CO) and Ivuna (CI).

The degradation of bioactive peptides and proteins by dipeptidyl peptidase IV from human placenta.

PubMed

Nausch, I; Mentlein, R; Heymann, E

1990-11-01

The degradation of several bioactive peptides and proteins by purified human dipeptidyl peptidase IV is reported. It was hitherto unknown that human gastrin-releasing peptide, human chorionic gonadotropin, human pancreatic polypeptide, sheep prolactin, aprotinin, corticotropin-like intermediate lobe peptide and (Tyr-)melanostatin are substrates of this peptidase. Kinetic constants were determined for the degradation of a number of other natural peptides, including substance P, the degradation of which has been described earlier in a qualitative manner. Generally, small peptides are degraded much more rapidly than proteins. However, the Km-values seem to be independent of the peptide chain length. The influence of the action of dipeptidyl peptidase IV on the biological function of peptides and proteins is discussed.

The two-dimensional kinetic ballooning theory for ion temperature gradient mode in tokamak

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xie, T.; Zhang, Y. Z.; Mahajan, S. M.; Hu, S. L.; He, Hongda; Liu, Z. Y.

2017-10-01

The two-dimensional (2D) kinetic ballooning theory is developed for the ion temperature gradient mode in an up-down symmetric equilibrium (illustrated via concentric circular magnetic surfaces). The ballooning transform converts the basic 2D linear gyro-kinetic equation into two equations: (1) the lowest order equation (ballooning equation) is an integral equation essentially the same as that reported by Dong et al., [Phys. Fluids B 4, 1867 (1992)] but has an undetermined Floquet phase variable, (2) the higher order equation for the rapid phase envelope is an ordinary differential equation in the same form as the 2D ballooning theory in a fluid model [Xie et al., Phys. Plasmas 23, 042514 (2016)]. The system is numerically solved by an iterative approach to obtain the (phase independent) eigen-value. The new results are compared to the two earlier theories. We find a strongly modified up-down asymmetric mode structure, and non-trivial modifications to the eigen-value.

Surveillance of gastrointestinal disease in France using drug sales data.

PubMed

Pivette, Mathilde; Mueller, Judith E; Crépey, Pascal; Bar-Hen, Avner

2014-09-01

Drug sales data have increasingly been used for disease surveillance during recent years. Our objective was to assess the value of drug sales data as an operational early detection tool for gastroenteritis epidemics at national and regional level in France. For the period 2008-2013, we compared temporal trends of drug sales for the treatment of gastroenteritis with trends of cases reported by a Sentinel Network of general practitioners. We benchmarked detection models to select the one with the best sensitivity, false alert proportion and timeliness, and developed a prospective framework to assess the operational performance of the system. Drug sales data allowed the detection of seasonal gastrointestinal epidemics occurring in winter with a distinction between prescribed and non-prescribed drugs. Sales of non-prescribed drugs allowed epidemic detection on average 2.25 weeks earlier than Sentinel data. These results confirm the value of drug sales data for real-time monitoring of gastroenteritis epidemic activity. Copyright © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Cost effectiveness of robotic mitral valve surgery.

PubMed

Moss, Emmanuel; Halkos, Michael E

2017-01-01

Significant technological advances have led to an impressive evolution in mitral valve surgery over the last two decades, allowing surgeons to safely perform less invasive operations through the right chest. Most new technology comes with an increased upfront cost that must be measured against postoperative savings and other advantages such as decreased perioperative complications, faster recovery, and earlier return to preoperative level of functioning. The Da Vinci robot is an example of such a technology, combining the significant benefits of minimally invasive surgery with a "gold standard" valve repair. Although some have reported that robotic surgery is associated with increased overall costs, there is literature suggesting that efficient perioperative care and shorter lengths of stay can offset the increased capital and intraoperative expenses. While data on current cost is important to consider, one must also take into account future potential value resulting from technological advancement when evaluating cost-effectiveness. Future refinements that will facilitate more effective surgery, coupled with declining cost of technology will further increase the value of robotic surgery compared to traditional approaches.

Compilation of VS30 Data for the United States

USGS Publications Warehouse

Yong, Alan; Thompson, Eric M.; Wald, David J.; Knudsen, Keith L.; Odum, Jack K.; Stephenson, William J.; Haefner, Scott

2016-01-01

VS30, the time-averaged shear-wave velocity (VS) to a depth of 30 meters, is a key index adopted by the earthquake engineering community to account for seismic site conditions. VS30 is typically based on geophysical measurements of VS derived from invasive and noninvasive techniques at sites of interest. Owing to cost considerations, as well as logistical and environmental concerns, VS30 data are sparse or not readily available for most areas. Where data are available, VS30 values are often assembled in assorted formats that are accessible from disparate and (or) impermanent Web sites. To help remedy this situation, we compiled VS30 measurements obtained by studies funded by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and other governmental agencies. Thus far, we have compiled VS30 values for 2,997 sites in the United States, along with metadata for each measurement from government-sponsored reports, Web sites, and scientific and engineering journals. Most of the data in our VS30 compilation originated from publications directly reporting the work of field investigators. A small subset (less than 20 percent) of VS30 values was previously compiled by the USGS and other research institutions. Whenever possible, VS30 originating from these earlier compilations were crosschecked against published reports. Both downhole and surface-based VS30 estimates are represented in our VS30 compilation. Most of the VS30 data are for sites in the western contiguous United States (2,141 sites), whereas 786 VS30 values are for sites in the Central and Eastern United States; 70 values are for sites in other parts of the United States, including Alaska (15 sites), Hawaii (30 sites), and Puerto Rico (25 sites). An interactive map is hosted on the primary USGS Web site for accessing VS30 data (http://earthquake.usgs.gov/research/vs30/).

Groundwater management through increased water use by lupin crops

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Greenwood, E. A. N.; Turner, N. C.; Schulze, E.-D.; Watson, G. D.; Venn, N. R.

1992-06-01

Total evaporation ( E) was measured on lupin crops of differing leaf area per unit ground area in southwestern Australia. Leaf area was controlled by sowing at different times and rates. The objective was to explore the feasibility of increasing water use in order to reduce recharge to rising, shallow, saline water tables. Replicated plots of Lupinus angustifolius were sown at 100 and 200 kg ha -1 on 24 May and at 100 kg ha -1 on 7 June, 1988. E was measured by ventilated chambers from each of these treatments over eight 24 h periods grouped at the beginning, middle and end of a 28 day period. Mean rates of E were 2.16 mm day -1 for the later sown lupins at 100 kg ha -1, 2.49 mm day -1 for the earlier sown lupins at 100 kg ha -1 and 2.90 mm day -1 for the earlier sown lupins at 200 kg ha -1. The corresponding relative values for E were 1.00, 1.15 and 1.34. The transpiration component of E was estimated by measuring sap flow with a heat balance technique on individual plants within the chambers. Daily values of transpiration varied from 0.8 to 2 mm giving residual soil evaporation values of 1.0-1.6 mm day -1. E from soil was a significant cause of water loss particularly in the plots with low leaf area. At preflowering and early flowering E increased linearly with increasing leaf area per unit ground area up to values of 2.6. Soil evaporation decreased linearly with increasing leaf area. We conclude that increased seeding rates and earlier sowing of lupins have the potential to increase E and to reduce recharge and the rise of saline water tables.

Scattering and extinction properties of overfire soot in large buoyant turbulent diffusion flames

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Krishnan, S.S.; Lin, K.C.; Faeth, G.M.

1999-07-01

Measurements of the scattering and extinction properties of soot at visible wavelengths (351.2--632.8 nm) were completed for soot in the overfire region of large buoyant turbulent diffusion flames burning in still air where soot properties are independent of position and characteristic flame residence time for a particular fuel. Flames fueled with both gas (acetylene, ethylene, propylene and butadiene) and liquid (benzene, toluene, cyclohexane and n-heptane) hydrocarbon fuels were considered during the experiments. The measurements were considered during the experiments. The measurements were used to evaluate Rayleigh-Debye-Gans/polydisperse-fractal-aggregate theory for the absorption and scattering properties of soot, finding good performance for themore » present test range which included primary particle size parameters as large as 0.46; in addition, effects of fuel type over the test range were comparable to experimental uncertainties. Fractal dimensions were properly independent of wavelength and yielded a mean value of 1.79 with a standard deviation of 0.05, which is in excellent agreement with earlier work. Dimensionless extinction coefficients were relatively independent of wavelength and yielded a mean value of 8.4 with a standard deviation of 1.5. Present refractive indices did not exhibit a resonance condition, seen for graphite, as the uv was approached. Values of the refractive index function for absorption, E(m), increased as wavelength increased and were comparable to most earlier measurements for wavelengths greater than 400 nm. Values of the refractive index function for scattering, F(m), agreed with earlier measurements at wavelengths of 450--550 nm but otherwise increased with increasing wavelength more rapidly than seen before.« less

Proton affinity of methyl nitrate - Less than proton affinity of nitric acid

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lee, Timothy J.; Rice, Julia E.

1992-01-01

Several state-of-the-art ab initio quantum mechanical methods were used to investigate the equilibrium structure, dipole moments, harmonic vibrational frequencies, and IR intensities of methyl nitrate, methanol, and several structures of protonated methyl nitrate, using the same theoretical methods as in an earlier study (Lee and Rice, 1992) of nitric acid. The ab initio results for methyl nitrate and methanol were found to be in good agreement with available experimental data. The proton affinity (PA) of methyl nitrate was calculated to be 176.9 +/-5 kcal/mol, in excellent agreement with the experimental value 176 kcal/mol obtained by Attina et al. (1987) and less than the PA value of nitric acid. An explanation of the discrepancy of the present results with those of an earlier study on protonated nitric acid is proposed.

Assessment of Air Quality in the International Space Station (ISS) and Space Shuttle Based on Samples Returned Aboard STS-ll1 (UF2) in June 2002

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

James, John T.

2003-01-01

The toxicological assessments of grab sample canisters (GSCs) and 2 solid sorbent air samplers (SSASs) returned aboard STS-111 are reported. Analytical methods have not changed from earlier reports. Surrogate standard recoveries from the GSCs were 86-106% and 62% to 136 % from the SSASs; 2 tubes with low surrogate recoveries were not reported. Pressure tracking indicated no leaks in the canisters during analysis. Recoveries from lab and trip controls for formaldehyde analyses ranged from 87 to 96%. The two general criteria used to assess air quality are the total-non-methane-volatile organic hydrocarbons (NMVOCs) and the total T-value (minus the CO2 and formaldehyde contributions). Because of the inertness of Freon 218 (octafluoropropane, OFP), Its contribution to the NMVOC is subtracted and tabulated separately. Control of atmospheric alcohols is important to the water recovery system engineers, hence total alcohols (including acetone) are also shown for each sample. Because formaldehyde is quantified from sorbent badges, its concentration is listed separately. The table shows that the air quality in general was acceptable for crew respiration; however, certain values shown in bold require further explanation. The 1.05 T value on 2/28/02 was caused by an unusually high measurement ofhexamethylcyc1otrisiloxane (T value = 0.50), which is not a concern. The MPLM T value of 1.42 and the alcohol level of 7.5 mg/cu m were due to an overall polluted atmosphere, which was expected at first entry. The major T-value component was carbon monoxide at a contribution of 0.44 units. Since the crew was only exposed momentarily to the polluted atmosphere, no health effects are expected. The formaldehyde value of 0.060 mg/cu m found in the Lab sample from 3/27/02 is cause for concern because the Lab consistently shows higher concentrations of formaldehyde than the SM and occasionally the concentrations are above the acceptable guideline. Levels of OFP have remained low, suggesting that no further leaks of the SM air conditioner have occurred.

Crisis management during anaesthesia: embolism

PubMed Central

Williamson, J; Helps, S; Westhorpe, R; Mackay, P

2005-01-01

Background: Embolism with gas, thrombus, fat, amniotic fluid, or particulate matter may occur suddenly and unexpectedly during anaesthesia, posing a diagnostic and management problem for the anaesthetist. Objectives: To examine the role of a previously described core algorithm "COVER ABCD–A SWIFT CHECK" supplemented by a specific sub-algorithm for embolism, in the management of embolism occurring in association with anaesthesia. Methods: The potential performance of this structured approach for each of the relevant incidents among the first 4000 reported to the Australian Incident Monitoring Study (AIMS) was compared with the actual management as reported by the anaesthetists involved. Results: Among the first 4000 incidents reported to AIMS, 38 reports of embolism were found. A sudden fall in end-tidal carbon dioxide and oxygen saturation were the cardinal signs of embolism, each occurring in about two thirds of cases, with hypotension and electrocardiographic changes each occurring in about one third of cases. Conclusion: The potential value of an explicit structured approach to the diagnosis and management of embolism was assessed in the light of AIMS reports. It was considered that, correctly applied, it potentially would have led to earlier recognition of the problem and/or better management in over 40% of cases. PMID:15933290

Eddy Mediated Nutrient Pattern in the North Eastern Arabian Sea

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Thachaparambil, M.; Moolakkal Antony, R.; B R, S.; V N, S.; N, C.; M, S.

2016-02-01

A Cold Core Eddy (CCE) mediated nutrient pattern in the North Eastern Arabian Sea (NEAS) is explained based on in situ measurments during March 2013 onboard FORV Sagar Sampada which was not reported earlier in the area. Samples for physical, chemical and biological parameters were collected in 5 stations along the diameter of the eddy and following standard protocols. The core of the CCE is identified at 21°20.38'N; 66°30.68'E with a diameter of 120Km. Earlier studies explaining the process and the forcing mechanism of the particular eddy records that, the eddy is short term (1-3 months) and is regular during the season. Surface waters were well oxygenated (>4.8 ml L-1) in the core. Surface value of nutrients viz., Nitrate, Nitrite, Silicate and phosphate in the core regions was 0.9µM, 0.01 µM, 0.5 µM and 0.7 µM respectively indicating upwelling in the core. Spring intermonsoon (SIM) is generally termed as a transition period between the active winter and summer seasons and as per earlier studies, high biological production and the regularly occurring Noctilica bloom is supported by the nutrient loading due to convective mixing during winter as well as regenerated production. However, present observations shows that, nutrient pumping due to the upwelling associated with the CCE also contributes for sustaining high biological production and are evident in the Chl a and mesozooplankton biovolume which records values of 4.35mg/m3 and 1.09ml/m3 respectively in the core. An intense Noctiluca blooms observed in the western flank of the eddy (Chl a 13.25 mg/m3; cell density 5.8×106 cells/litre), where Nitrate concentration records 1.04µM explains the role of such mesoscale processes in the sustenance of the HAB events. While eastern flank of the CCE showed typical open ocean condition of the season showing Nitrate 0.08µM; Chl a 0.23mg/m3; and phytoplankton cell density as 421 cells/litre. Keywords: Cold core eddy, nutrients, NEAS, SIM, biological production

Tidal Wave II Revisited: A Review of Earlier Enrollment Projections for California Higher Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hayward, Gerald C.; Breneman, David W.; Estrada, Leobardo F.

This report examined enrollment projections for higher education institutions in California in relation to earlier projections conducted in the mid-1990s that forecasted steep declines in enrollment. It notes that California's remarkable economic recovery over the last several years has allowed it to fund higher education enrollment growth at a…

17 CFR 43.3 - Method and timing for real-time public reporting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... § 43.5. (3) Prohibitions on disclosure of data. (i) If there is a registered swap data repository for... disclosure is made no earlier than the transmittal of such data to a registered swap data repository for... such data by a registered swap data repository unless: (A) Such disclosure is made no earlier than the...

The Equity of Public School Finance in Missouri: 1977-1981. A Research Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ryan, Sharon; Walker, Anne

Updated were statistics of an earlier study done by the Education Commission of the States (ECS) in 1980, entitled "The Missouri School Finance Study." The recent results differed from the earlier study's, illustrating the extent to which revenues per pupil depended on local property wealth and income. The results of the first study…

Postpartum Maternal Moods and Infant Size Predict Performance on a National High School Entrance Examination

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Galler, Janina R.; Ramsey, Frank C.; Harrison, Robert H.; Taylor, John; Cumberbatch, Glenroy; Forde, Victor

2004-01-01

Background: In an earlier series of studies, we documented the effects of feeding practices and postnatal maternal mood on the growth and development of 226 Barbadian children during the first few months of life. In this report, we extend our earlier studies by examining predictive relationships between infant size, feeding practices and…

Release of bacterial spores from inner walls of a stainless steel cup subjected to thermal stress

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wolochow, H.; Chatigny, M. A.; Herbert, J.

1974-01-01

In an earlier report thermal stresses, simulating those expected on a Mars Lander, dislodged approximately 0.01% of an aerosol deposited surface burden, as did a landing shock of 8-10 G deceleration. This work confirms earlier results and demonstrates that release rate is not dependent on surface burden.

The End of Education: Redefining the Value of School.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Postman, Neil

Based on the belief that schooling is now too often a trivial pursuit or a mechanical exercise, this book argues that the inherent value and substance of learning has been lost and needs to be restored. The book begins by portraying the American education of an earlier part of this century when schools created a coherent, stable, unified culture…

Rangeland ecosystem goods and services: Values and evaluation of opportunities for ranchers and land managers

Treesearch

Kristie Maczko; John A. Tanaka; Robert Breckenridge; Lori Hidinger; H. Theodore Heintz; William E. Fox; Urs P. Kreuter; Clifford S. Duke; John E. Mitchell; Daniel W. McCollum

2011-01-01

Although the US Department of Agriculture's 2005 public commitment to use market-based incentives for environmental stewardship and cooperative conservation focused land managers' attention on the concept of ecosystem goods and services (EGS), this was not a new idea. Much earlier in the 20th century, Aldo Leopold embraced the value of open space, calling for...

High Reward Makes Items Easier to Remember, but Harder to Bind to a New Temporal Context

PubMed Central

Madan, Christopher R.; Fujiwara, Esther; Gerson, Bridgette C.; Caplan, Jeremy B.

2012-01-01

Learning through reward is central to adaptive behavior. Indeed, items are remembered better if they are experienced while participants expect a reward, and people can deliberately prioritize memory for high- over low-valued items. Do memory advantages for high-valued items only emerge after deliberate prioritization in encoding? Or, do reward-based memory enhancements also apply to unrewarded memory tests and to implicit memory? First, we tested for a high-value memory advantage in unrewarded implicit- and explicit-tests (Experiment 1). Participants first learned high or low-reward values of 36 words, followed by unrewarded lexical decision and free-recall tests. High-value words were judged faster in lexical decision, and more often recalled in free recall. These two memory advantages for high-value words were negatively correlated suggesting at least two mechanisms by which reward value can influence later item-memorability. The ease with which the values were originally acquired explained the negative correlation: people who learned values earlier showed reward effects in implicit memory whereas people who learned values later showed reward effects in explicit memory. We then asked whether a high-value advantage would persist if trained items were linked to a new context (Experiments 2a and 2b). Following the same value training as in Experiment 1, participants learned lists composed of previously trained words mixed with new words, each followed by free recall. Thus, participants had to retrieve words only from the most recent list, irrespective of their values. High- and low-value words were recalled equally, but low-value words were recalled earlier than high-value words and high-value words were more often intruded (proactive interference). Thus, the high-value advantage holds for implicit- and explicit-memory, but comes with a side effect: High-value items are more difficult to relearn in a new context. Similar to emotional arousal, reward value can both enhance and impair memory. PMID:22969711

Orbital elements of Charon from speckle interferometry

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Beletic, J. W.; Goody, R. M.; Tholen, D. J.

1989-01-01

The semimajor axis and the inclination are the two most important quantities presently determined from 56 well-calibrated speckle-interferometric observations of the position of Charon, which are presented in conjunction with an orbit solution that incorporates them. Both values in the best solution obtained are noted to significantly differ from earlier determinations. The new value for the semimajor axis represents a 2.7 percent increase over the previously accepted value; the mean density of the system, however, remains unaltered.

Early pubertal onset and its relationship with sexual risk taking, substance use and anti-social behaviour: a preliminary cross-sectional study

PubMed Central

2009-01-01

Background In many countries age at pubertal onset has declined substantially. Relatively little attention has been paid to how this decline may affect adolescent behaviours such as substance use, violence and unprotected sex and consequently impact on public health. Methods In the UK, two opportunistic samples (aged 16-45 years), paper-based (n = 976) and online (n = 1117), examined factors associated with earlier pubertal onset and whether earlier age of onset predicted sexual risk-taking, substance use and anti-social behaviours during early adolescence. Results Overall, 45.6% of females reported menarche ≤ 12 years and 53.3% of males were categorised as having pubertal onset ≤ 11 years. For both sexes earlier pubertal onset was associated with poorer parental socio-economic status. Other pre-pubertal predictors of early onset were being overweight, more childhood illnesses (females) and younger age at time of survey (males). For both sexes earlier puberty predicted having drunk alcohol, been drunk, smoked and used drugs <14 years as well as having a sexual debut and unprotected sex <16 years. Males with earlier pubertal onset were more likely to report fighting and aggressive responses to emotional upset during early adolescence while females were more likely to report being bullied and having taken more time off school. Conclusion Results provide sufficient evidence for changes in age of pubertal onset to be further explored as a potential influence on trends in adolescent risk behaviours. Further insight into the relationship between early puberty and both obesity and socio-economic status may help inform early interventions to tackle the development of risk behaviours and health inequalities during early adolescence. PMID:19958543

77 FR 54937 - International Mail Postal Contract

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-06

... United States for recycling, refurbishment, repair, or value-added processing. Notice at 5. \\3\\ The IBRS... to take effect 1 day later, on September 15, 2012, for a period of 1 year, unless terminated earlier...

Cognitive states influence dopamine-driven aberrant learning in Parkinson’s disease

PubMed Central

Cavanagh, James F.; Mueller, Andrea A.; Brown, Darin R.; Janowich, Jacqueline R.; Story-Remer, Jacqueline H.; Wegele, Ashley; Richardson, Sarah Pirio

2017-01-01

Individual differences in dopaminergic tone underlie tendencies to learn from reward versus punishment. These effects are well documented in Parkinson’s patients, who vacillate between low and high tonic dopaminergic states as a function of medication. Yet very few studies have investigated the influence of higher-level cognitive states known to affect downstream dopaminergic learning in Parkinson’s patients. A dopamine-dependent cognitive influence over learning would provide a candidate mechanism for declining cognitive integrity and motivation in Parkinson’s patients. In this report we tested the influence of two high-level cognitive states (cost of conflict and value of volition) that have recently been shown to cause predictable learning biases in healthy young adults as a function of dopamine receptor subtype and dopaminergic challenge. It was hypothesized that Parkinson’s patients OFF medication would have an enhanced cost of conflict and a decreased value of volition, and that these effects would be remediated or reversed ON medication. Participants included N=28 Parkinson’s disease patients who were each tested ON and OFF dopaminergic medication and 28 age- and sex-matched controls. The expected cost of conflict effect was observed in Parkinson’s patients OFF versus ON medication, but only in those that were more recently diagnosed (<5 years). We found an unexpected effect in the value of volition task: medication compromised the ability to learn from difficult a-volitional (instructed) choices. This novel finding was also enhanced in recently diagnosed patients. The difference in learning biases ON vs. OFF medication between these two tasks was strongly correlated, bolstering the idea that they tapped into a common underlying imbalance in dopaminergic tone that is particularly variable in earlier stage Parkinsonism. The finding that these decision biases are specific to earlier but not later stage disease may offer a chance for future studies to quantify phenotypic expressions of idiosyncratic disease progression. PMID:28384481

Contaminants in surface water and sediments near the Tynagh silver mine site, County Galway, Ireland.

PubMed

O'Neill, A; Phillips, D H; Bowen, J; Sen Gupta, B

2015-04-15

A former silver mine in Tynagh, Co. Galway, Ireland is one of the most contaminated mine sites in Europe with maximum concentrations of Zn, As, Pb, Mn, Ni, Cu, and Cd far exceeding guideline values for water and sediment. The aims of this research were to 1) further assess the contamination, particularly metals, in surface water and sediment around the site, and 2) determine if the contamination has increased 10 years after the Environmental Protection Agency Ireland (EPAI) identified off-site contamination. Site pH is alkaline to neutral because CaCO3-rich sediment and rock material buffer the exposed acid generating sulphide-rich ore. When this study was compared to the previous EPAI study conducted 10 years earlier, it appeared that further weathering of exposed surface sediment had increased concentrations of As and other potentially toxic elements. Water samples from the tailings ponds and adjacent Barnacullia Stream had concentrations of Al, Cd, Mn, Zn and Pb above guideline values. Lead and Zn concentrations from the tailings pond sediment were 16 and 5 times higher, respectively, than concentrations reported 10 years earlier. Pb and Zn levels in most sediment samples exceeded the Expert Group (EGS) guidelines of 1000 and 5000 mg/kg, respectively. Arsenic concentrations were as high as 6238 mg/kg in the tailings ponds sediment, which is 62 and 862 times greater than the EGS and Canadian Soil Quality Guidelines (CSQG), respectively. Cadmium, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn concentrations in water and sediment were above guideline values downstream of the site. Additionally, Fe, Mn and organic matter (OM) were strongly correlated and correlated to Zn, Pb, As, Cd, Cu and Ni in stream sediment. Therefore, the nearby Barnacullia Stream is also a significant pathway for contaminant transport to downstream areas. Further rehabilitation of the site may decrease the contamination around the area. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Cognitive states influence dopamine-driven aberrant learning in Parkinson's disease.

PubMed

Cavanagh, James F; Mueller, Andrea A; Brown, Darin R; Janowich, Jacqueline R; Story-Remer, Jacqueline H; Wegele, Ashley; Richardson, Sarah Pirio

2017-05-01

Individual differences in dopaminergic tone underlie tendencies to learn from reward versus punishment. These effects are well documented in Parkinson's patients, who vacillate between low and high tonic dopaminergic states as a function of medication. Yet very few studies have investigated the influence of higher-level cognitive states known to affect downstream dopaminergic learning in Parkinson's patients. A dopamine-dependent cognitive influence over learning would provide a candidate mechanism for declining cognitive integrity and motivation in Parkinson's patients. In this report we tested the influence of two high-level cognitive states (cost of conflict and value of volition) that have recently been shown to cause predictable learning biases in healthy young adults as a function of dopamine receptor subtype and dopaminergic challenge. It was hypothesized that Parkinson's patients OFF medication would have an enhanced cost of conflict and a decreased value of volition, and that these effects would be remediated or reversed ON medication. Participants included N = 28 Parkinson's disease patients who were each tested ON and OFF dopaminergic medication and 28 age- and sex-matched controls. The expected cost of conflict effect was observed in Parkinson's patients OFF versus ON medication, but only in those that were more recently diagnosed (<5 years). We found an unexpected effect in the value of volition task: medication compromised the ability to learn from difficult a-volitional (instructed) choices. This novel finding was also enhanced in recently diagnosed patients. The difference in learning biases ON versus OFF medication between these two tasks was strongly correlated, bolstering the idea that they tapped into a common underlying imbalance in dopaminergic tone that is particularly variable in earlier stage Parkinsonism. The finding that these decision biases are specific to earlier but not later stage disease may offer a chance for future studies to quantify phenotypic expressions of idiosyncratic disease progression. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Pain and suffering disability index.

PubMed

Brown, Melissa M; Brown, Gary C; Brown, Heidi; Sharma, Sanjay; Wagner, Thomas; Kraushar, Marvin

2006-06-01

This report summarizes the increasing financial resources required to deal with personal injury tort cases and medical malpractice. The largest single component in personal injury torts is noneconomic damages, which encompasses 'pain and suffering' and punitive damage, the latter of which comprises only a small percentage. Overall, noneconomic damages account for 24% of the greater than US$250 billion spent annually on personal injury torts. A pain and suffering disability index has been developed that quantifies the loss of life's value attributable to personal injury. Based upon time-tradeoff utility analysis, the value loss is predicated upon the values of people who have experienced the same degree of disability or injury as the plaintiff, only outside the courtroom environs. It is believed that the pain and suffering disability index will readily identify frivolous, personal injury torts, decrease the number of frivolous, personal injury torts, markedly decrease the variance of noneconomic tort settlements, facilitate the earlier settlement of personal injury tort cases, and decrease the proportion of personal injury tort cases progressing to jury trial. The pain and suffering disability index is a novel instrument that quantifies the 'pain and suffering' associated with a personal injury tort according to the values of patients who have experienced a similar injury outside the courtroom environs.

Encephalitis, proventricular and ventricular myositis, and myenteric ganglioneuritis in an umbrella cockatoo.

PubMed

Joyner, K L; Kock, N; Styles, D

1989-01-01

Myenteric ganglioneuritis and encephalomyelitis were diagnosed in an umbrella cockatoo. The cockatoo exhibited clinical signs that were milder than those associated with this syndrome, such as anorexia, muscle wasting, regurgitation, depression, and changes in fecal consistency. The gross lesions also differed from earlier reports in that only the duodenum and proximal jejunum were grossly dilated. Normally the proventriculus and ventriculus are dilated without visible intestinal changes. The histopathological lesions, however, such as perivascular cuffs in the brain stem and muscular mass of the ventriculus and proventriculus, were similar to earlier reports. A virus was suspected, although transmission and isolation of a virus has not occurred in other reports and was not attempted in this case.

Quadruple cancer including Bowen's disease after arsenic injections 40 years earlier: report of a case.

PubMed

Murata, K; Iwazawa, T; Takayama, T; Yamashita, K; Okagawa, K

1994-01-01

This report describes the successful treatment of quadruple cancer including Bowen's disease in a 71-year-old man who had been given injections of salvarsan, an arsenic compound, for syphilis more than 40 years earlier. Resection of a skin lesion on his chest subsequently confirmed a diagnosis of Bowen's disease, 3 years after which he was operated on for concurrent gastric cancer and sigmoid colon cancer. A fourth cancer was discovered on his left vocal cord 2 weeks after this operation; it was resected 2 years later. A discussion of multiple malignant neoplasms and the possible relationship between arsenic and cancer is presented following this case report.

29 CFR 99.320 - Report submission.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... completed and the data collection form and reporting package shall be submitted within the earlier of 30... the data elements prescribed by OMB. (c) Reporting package. The reporting package shall include the... data collection form described in paragraph (b) of this section and one copy of the reporting package...

29 CFR 99.320 - Report submission.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... completed and the data collection form and reporting package shall be submitted within the earlier of 30... the data elements prescribed by OMB. (c) Reporting package. The reporting package shall include the... data collection form described in paragraph (b) of this section and one copy of the reporting package...

How Does Chronic Cigarette Smoke Exposure Affect Human Skin? A Global Proteomics Study in Primary Human Keratinocytes.

PubMed

Rajagopalan, Pavithra; Nanjappa, Vishalakshi; Raja, Remya; Jain, Ankit P; Mangalaparthi, Kiran K; Sathe, Gajanan J; Babu, Niraj; Patel, Krishna; Cavusoglu, Nükhet; Soeur, Jeremie; Pandey, Akhilesh; Roy, Nita; Breton, Lionel; Chatterjee, Aditi; Misra, Namita; Gowda, Harsha

2016-11-01

Cigarette smoking has been associated with multiple negative effects on human skin. Long-term physiological effects of cigarette smoke are through chronic and not acute exposure. Molecular alterations due to chronic exposure to cigarette smoke remain unclear. Primary human skin keratinocytes chronically exposed to cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) showed a decreased wound-healing capacity with an increased expression of NRF2 and MMP9. Using quantitative proteomics, we identified 4728 proteins, of which 105 proteins were overexpressed (≥2-fold) and 41 proteins were downregulated (≤2-fold) in primary skin keratinocytes chronically exposed to CSC. We observed an alteration in the expression of several proteins involved in maintenance of epithelial barrier integrity, including keratin 80 (5.3 fold, p value 2.5 × 10 -7 ), cystatin A (3.6-fold, p value 3.2 × 10 -3 ), and periplakin (2.4-fold, p value 1.2 × 10 -8 ). Increased expression of proteins associated with skin hydration, including caspase 14 (2.2-fold, p value 4.7 × 10 -2 ) and filaggrin (3.6-fold, p value 5.4 × 10 -7 ), was also observed. In addition, we report differential expression of several proteins, including adipogenesis regulatory factor (2.5-fold, p value 1.3 × 10 -3 ) and histone H1.0 (2.5-fold, p value 6.3 × 10 -3 ) that have not been reported earlier. Bioinformatics analyses demonstrated that proteins differentially expressed in response to CSC are largely related to oxidative stress, maintenance of skin integrity, and anti-inflammatory responses. Importantly, treatment with vitamin E, a widely used antioxidant, could partially rescue adverse effects of CSC exposure in primary skin keratinocytes. The utility of antioxidant-based new dermatological formulations in delaying or preventing skin aging and oxidative damages caused by chronic cigarette smoke exposure warrants further clinical investigations and multi-omics research.

Reproducibility of the Helium-3 Constant-Volume Gas Thermometry and New Data Down to 1.9 K at NMIJ/AIST

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nakano, Tohru; Shimazaki, Takeshi; Tamura, Osamu

2017-07-01

This study confirms reproducibility of the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90) realized by interpolation using the constant-volume gas thermometer (CVGT) of National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ)/AIST with 3He as the working gas from 3 K to 24.5561 K by comparing the newly obtained results and those of earlier reports, indicating that the CVGT has retained its capability after renovation undertaken since strong earthquakes struck Japan. The thermodynamic temperature T is also obtained using the single-isotherm fit to four working gas densities (127 mol\\cdot m^{-3}, 145 mol\\cdot m^{-3}, 171 mol\\cdot m^{-3} and 278 mol\\cdot m^{-3}) down to 1.9 K, using the triple point temperature of Ne as a reference temperature. In this study, only the second virial coefficient is taken into account for the single-isotherm fit. Differences between T and the ITS-90 temperature, T-T_{90}, reported in earlier works down to 3 K were confirmed in this study. At the temperatures below 3 K down to 2.5 K, T-T_{90} is much smaller than the standard combined uncertainty of thermodynamic temperature measurement. However, T- T_{90} seems to increase with decreasing temperature below 2.5 K down to 1.9 K, although still within the standard combined uncertainty of thermodynamic temperature measurement. In this study, T is obtained also from the CVGT with a single gas density of 278 mol\\cdot m^{-3} using the triple-point temperature of Ne as a reference temperature by making correction for the deviation from the ideal gas using theoretical values of the second and third virial coefficients down to 2.6 K, which is the lowest temperature of the theoretical values of the third virial coefficient. T values obtained using this method agree well with those obtained from the single-isotherm fit. We also found that the second virial coefficient obtained by the single-isotherm fit to experimental results agrees well with that obtained by the single-isotherm fit to the theoretically expected behavior of 3He gas with the theoretical second and third virial coefficients at four gas densities used in the present work.

A 5-year study of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis treated at home in a controlled comparison of isoniazid plus PAS with 3 regimens of isoniazid alone*

PubMed Central

Evans, C.; Devadatta, S.; Fox, Wallace; Gangadharam, P. R. J.; Menon, N. K.; Ramakrishnan, C. V.; Sivasubramanian, S.; Somasundaram, P. R.; Stott, H.; Velu, S.

1969-01-01

This report from the Tuberculosis Chemotherapy Centre, Madras, describes the progress, over a 5-year period, of 341 patients with newly diagnosed, sputum-positive tuberculosis. All the patients were treated on a domiciliary basis. In the first year, the patients received, on the basis of random allocation, a standard regimen of isoniazid plus PAS or 1 of 3 regimens of isoniazid alone. Previous reports have shown that the response in the first year was substantially superior with the standard regimen, and that the bacteriological relapse rates in the second year were fairly similar for the 4 regimens. The findings in the present report extend the latter conclusion to the end of 5 years. Further, when considered together with the findings in an earlier study, they have shown that isoniazid, given as maintenance chemotherapy in the second year, was highly effective in preventing bacteriological relapse in patients who, at 1 year, had bacteriologically quiescent disease and no residual cavitation; the effect was, however, less marked in patients with residual cavitation at 1 year. Patients who were clear-cut failures of the allocated chemotherapy and those who had a bacteriological relapse in the second or subsequent years were usually re-treated with streptomycin plus PAS or streptomycin plus pyrazinamide, and if this was ineffective, with cycloserine plus thioacetazone or cycloserine plus ethionamide. Considering the findings over the 5-year period for all patients, 16 died from non-tuberculous causes and 1 took his discharge prematurely. Of the remainder, 86% had bacteriologically quiescent disease at 5 years, 6% had bacteriologically active disease and 8% had died of tuberculosis. These findings confirm the value of well-organized domiciliary chemotherapy, which was established by an earlier report from the Centre, and are particularly encouraging for developing countries such as India, where tuberculosis is a major problem and resources are limited. PMID:5309083

Theory of g-factor enhancement in narrow-gap quantum well heterostructures.

PubMed

Krishtopenko, S S; Gavrilenko, V I; Goiran, M

2011-09-28

We report on the study of the exchange enhancement of the g-factor in the two-dimensional (2D) electron gas in n-type narrow-gap semiconductor heterostructures. Our approach is based on the eight-band k⋅p Hamiltonian and takes into account the band nonparabolicity, the lattice deformation, the spin-orbit coupling and the Landau level broadening in the δ-correlated random potential model. Using the 'screened' Hartree-Fock approximation we demonstrate that the exchange g-factor enhancement not only shows maxima at odd values of Landau level filling factors but, due to the conduction band nonparabolicity, persists at even filling factor values as well. The magnitude of the exchange enhancement, the amplitude and the shape of the g-factor oscillations are determined by both the screening of the electron-electron interaction and the Landau level width. The 'enhanced' g-factor values calculated for the 2D electron gas in InAs/AlSb quantum well heterostructures are compared with our earlier experimental data and with those obtained by Mendez et al (1993 Phys. Rev. B 47 13937) in magnetic fields up to 30 T.

Sleep patterns and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption among children from around the world.

PubMed

Chaput, Jean-Philippe; Tremblay, Mark S; Katzmarzyk, Peter T; Fogelholm, Mikael; Hu, Gang; Maher, Carol; Maia, Jose; Olds, Timothy; Onywera, Vincent; Sarmiento, Olga L; Standage, Martyn; Tudor-Locke, Catrine; Sampasa-Kanyinga, Hugues

2018-04-23

To examine the relationships between objectively measured sleep patterns (sleep duration, sleep efficiency and bedtime) and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption (regular soft drinks, energy drinks, sports drinks and fruit juice) among children from all inhabited continents of the world. Multinational, cross-sectional study. The International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment (ISCOLE). Children (n 5873) 9-11 years of age. Sleep duration was 12 min per night shorter in children who reported consuming regular soft drinks 'at least once a day' compared with those who reported consuming 'never' or 'less than once a week'. Children were more likely to sleep the recommended 9-11 h/night if they reported lower regular soft drink consumption or higher sports drinks consumption. Children who reported consuming energy drinks 'once a week or more' reported a 25-min earlier bedtime than those who reported never consuming energy drinks. Children who reported consuming sports drinks '2-4 d a week or more' also reported a 25-min earlier bedtime compared with those who reported never consuming sports drinks. The associations between sleep efficiency and SSB consumption were not significant. Similar associations between sleep patterns and SSB consumption were observed across all twelve study sites. Shorter sleep duration was associated with higher intake of regular soft drinks, while earlier bedtimes were associated with lower intake of regular soft drinks and higher intake of energy drinks and sports drinks in this international study of children. Future work is needed to establish causality and to investigate underlying mechanisms.

Pre-Service Preschool Teachers' Beliefs about Foreign Language Learning and Early Foreign Language Teaching in Slovenia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fojkar, Mateja Dagarin; Skubic, Darija

2017-01-01

The implementation of foreign languages in preschool education has prompted the need for qualified teachers. However, most recent studies report a gap between the supply of qualified foreign language teachers of young learners and the demand for such teachers as foreign languages are introduced earlier and earlier. The authors of this paper…

Analysis of Interval Changes on Mammograms for Computer Aided Diagnosis

DTIC Science & Technology

2000-05-01

tizer was calibrated so that the gray values were linearly and erage pixel values in the template and ROI, respectively. The inversely proportional to the...earlier for linearly and inversely proportional to the OD within the alignment of the breast regions, except that the regions to be range 0-4 OD...results versely proportional to the radial distance r from the nipple. in a decrease in the value of (to 20 mm. This decrease helps For the data set

Epicormic branches affect lumber grade and value in willow oak

Treesearch

James S. Meadows; E.C. Burkhardt

2001-01-01

A case study was conducted in a 50-yr-old bottomland oak stand in central Alabama to investigate the relationship between epicormic branches and lumber grade and value in willow oak (Quercus phellos L.). The stand had been thinned from below 7–10 yr earlier, resulting in a wide variety of epicormic branch conditions on the residual trees. A...

Accounting for Co-Teaching: A Guide for Policymakers and Developers of Value-Added Models

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Isenberg, Eric; Walsh, Elias

2015-01-01

We outline the options available to policymakers for addressing co-teaching in a value-added model. Building on earlier work, we propose an improvement to a method of accounting for co-teaching that treats co-teachers as teams, with each teacher receiving equal credit for co-taught students. Hock and Isenberg (2012) described a method known as the…

Selective progressive response of soil microbial community to wild oat roots.

PubMed

DeAngelis, Kristen M; Brodie, Eoin L; DeSantis, Todd Z; Andersen, Gary L; Lindow, Steven E; Firestone, Mary K

2009-02-01

Roots moving through soil induce physical and chemical changes that differentiate rhizosphere from bulk soil, and the effects of these changes on soil microorganisms have long been a topic of interest. The use of a high-density 16S rRNA microarray (PhyloChip) for bacterial and archaeal community analysis has allowed definition of the populations that respond to the root within the complex grassland soil community; this research accompanies compositional changes reported earlier, including increases in chitinase- and protease-specific activity, cell numbers and quorum sensing signal. PhyloChip results showed a significant change compared with bulk soil in relative abundance for 7% of the total rhizosphere microbial community (147 of 1917 taxa); the 7% response value was confirmed by16S rRNA terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. This PhyloChip-defined dynamic subset was comprised of taxa in 17 of the 44 phyla detected in all soil samples. Expected rhizosphere-competent phyla, such as Proteobacteria and Firmicutes, were well represented, as were less-well-documented rhizosphere colonizers including Actinobacteria, Verrucomicrobia and Nitrospira. Richness of Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria decreased in soil near the root tip compared with bulk soil, but then increased in older root zones. Quantitative PCR revealed rhizosphere abundance of beta-Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria at about 10(8) copies of 16S rRNA genes per g soil, with Nitrospira having about 10(5) copies per g soil. This report demonstrates that changes in a relatively small subset of the soil microbial community are sufficient to produce substantial changes in functions observed earlier in progressively more mature rhizosphere zones.

KOH concentration effect on the cycle life of nickel-hydrogen cells. 4: Results of failure analyse

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lim, H. S.; Verzwyvelt, S. A.

1989-01-01

Effects of KOH concentrations on failure modes and mechanisms of nickel-hydrogen cells were studied using long cycled boiler plate cells containing electrolytes of various KOH concentrations ranging 21 to 36 percent. Life of these cells were up to 40,000 cycles in an accelerated low earth orbit (LEO) cycle regime at 80 percent depth of discharge. An interim life test results were reported earlier in J. Power Sources, 22, 213-220, 1988. The results of final life test, end-of-life cell performance, and teardown analyses are discussed. These teardown analyses included visual observations, measurements of nickel electrode capacity in an electrolyte-flooded cell, dimensional changes of cell components, SEM studies on cell cross section, BET surface area and pore volume distribution in cycled nickel electrodes, and chemical analyses. Cycle life of a nickel-hydrogen cell was improved tremendously as KOH concentration was decreased from 36 to 31 percent and from 31 to 26 percent while effect of further concentration decrease was complicated as described in our earlier report. Failure mode of high concentration (31 to 36 percent) cells was gradual capacity decrease, while that of low concentration (21 to 26 percent) cells was mainly formation of a soft short. Long cycled (25,000 to 40,000 cycles) nickel electrodes were expanded more than 50 percent of the initial value, but no correlation was found between this expansion and measured capacity. All electrodes cycled in low concentration (21 to 26 percent) cells had higher capacity than those cycled in high concentration (31 to 36 percent) cells.

Total cross sections for positrons scattered elastically from helium based on new measurements of total ionization cross sections

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Diana, L. M.; Chaplin, R. L.; Brooks, D. L.; Adams, J. T.; Reyna, L. K.

1990-01-01

An improved technique is presented for employing the 2.3m spectrometer to measure total ionization cross sections, Q sub ion, for positrons incident on He. The new ionization cross section agree with the values reported earlier. Estimates are also presented of total elastic scattering cross section, Q sub el, obtained by subtracting from total scattering cross sections, Q sub tot, reported in the literature, the Q sub ion and Q sub Ps (total positronium formation cross sections) and total excitation cross sections, Q sub ex, published by another researcher. The Q sub ion and Q sub el measured with the 3m high resolution time-of-flight spectrometer for 54.9eV positrons are in accord with the results from the 2.3m spectrometer. The ionization cross sections are in fair agreement with theory tending for the most part to be higher, especially at 76.3 and 88.5eV. The elastic cross section agree quite well with theory to the vicinity of 50eV, but at 60eV and above the experimental elastic cross sections climb to and remain at about 0.30 pi a sub o sq while the theoretical values steadily decrease.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Aaboud, M.; Aad, G.; Abbott, B.

Results of a search for new phenomena in events with an energetic photon and large missing transverse momentum with the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider are reported. The data were collected in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 3.2 fb -1. The observed data are in agreement with the Standard Model expectations. Exclusion limits are presented in models of new phenomena including pair production of dark matter candidates or large extra spatial dimensions. In a simplified model of dark matter and an axial-vector mediator, the search excludes mediatormore » masses below 710 GeV for dark matter candidate masses below 150 GeV. In an effective theory of dark matter production, values of the suppression scale M * up to 570 GeV are excluded and the effect of truncation for various coupling values is reported. Finally, for the ADD large extra spatial dimension model the search places more stringent limits than earlier searches in the same event topology, excluding M D up to about 2.3 (2.8) TeV for two (six) additional spatial dimensions; the limits are reduced by 20-40% depending on the number of additional spatial dimensions when applying a truncation procedure.« less

Documenting the NASA Armstrong Flight Research Center Oblate Earth Simulation Equations of Motion and Integration Algorithm

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Clarke, R.; Lintereur, L.; Bahm, C.

2016-01-01

A desire for more complete documentation of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Armstrong Flight Research Center (AFRC), Edwards, California legacy code used in the core simulation has led to this e ort to fully document the oblate Earth six-degree-of-freedom equations of motion and integration algorithm. The authors of this report have taken much of the earlier work of the simulation engineering group and used it as a jumping-o point for this report. The largest addition this report makes is that each element of the equations of motion is traced back to first principles and at no point is the reader forced to take an equation on faith alone. There are no discoveries of previously unknown principles contained in this report; this report is a collection and presentation of textbook principles. The value of this report is that those textbook principles are herein documented in standard nomenclature that matches the form of the computer code DERIVC. Previous handwritten notes are much of the backbone of this work, however, in almost every area, derivations are explicitly shown to assure the reader that the equations which make up the oblate Earth version of the computer routine, DERIVC, are correct.

Factual data for public-supply wells and selected irrigation wells in Monmouth County, New Jersey

USGS Publications Warehouse

Jablonski, Leo A.

1960-01-01

The investigation of the ground-water resources of Monmouth County is part of a Statewide water-resources program. This study was made by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the new Jersey Department of Conservation and Economic Development, Division of Water Policy and Supply. It was under the general direction of Philip E. LaMoreaux, Chief of the Ground Water Branch of the U.S. Geological Survey, and under the direct supervision of Allen Sinnott, District Geologist.This report presents data for most of the public-supply wells and for several irrigation wells in Monmouth County. The data for these wells are believed to be representative of large-capacity wells tapping the major aquifers present in the county. The information is released at this time in advance of an interpretive report because of its value to prospective users of ground water in Monmouth County. An earlier report presented data on small-capacity wells tapping both major and minor aquifers in the county. The data in these two reports form, in part, the basis for a comprehensive interpretive report on the ground-water resources of Monmouth County, now in preparation. Also to be included in the latter report are data for certain large-capacity industrial wells.

Extinction and Scattering Properties of Soot Emitted from Buoyant Turbulent Diffusion Flames. Appendix F

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Krishnan, S. S.; Lin, K.-C.; Faeth, G. M.; Yuan, Z.-G. (Technical Monitor); Urban, D. L. (Technical Monitor); Yuan, Z.-G. (Technical Monitor)

2001-01-01

Extinction and scattering properties at wavelengths of 250-5200 nm were studied for soot emitted from buoyant turbulent diffusion flames in the long residence time regime where soot properties are independent of position in the overfire region and characteristic flame residence times. Flames burning in still air and fueled with gas (acetylene, ethylene, propane, and propylene) and liquid (benzene, toluene, cyclohexane, and n-heptane) hydrocarbon fuels were considered. Measured scattering patterns and ratios of total scattering/absorption cross sections were in good agreement with predictions based on the Rayleigh-Debye-Gans (RDG) scattering approximation in the visible. Measured depolarization ratios were roughly correlated by primary particle size parameter, suggesting potential for completing RDG methodology needed to make soot scattering predictions as well as providing a nonintrusive way to measure primary soot particle diameters. Measurements of dimensionless extinction coefficients were in good agreement with earlier measurements for similar soot populations and were independent of fuel type and wavelength except for reduced values as the near ultraviolet was approached. The ratios of the scattering/absorption refractive index functions were independent of fuel type within experimental uncertainties and were in good agreement with earlier measurements. The refractive index junction for absorption was similarly independent of fuel type but was larger than earlier reflectometry measurements in the infrared. Ratios of total scattering/absorption cross sections were relatively large in the visible and near infrared, with maximum values as large as 0.9 and with values as large as 0.2 at 2000 nm, suggesting greater potential for scattering from soot particles to affect flame radiation properties than previously thought.

Extinction and Scattering Properties of Soot Emitted from Buoyant Turbulent Diffusion Flames. Appendix D

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Krishnan, S. S.; Lin, K.-C.; Faeth, G. M.; Urban, D. L. (Technical Monitor); Yuan, Z.-G. (Technical Monitor)

2001-01-01

Extinction and scattering properties at wavelengths of 250-5200 nm were studied for soot emitted from buoyant turbulent diffusion flames in the long residence time regime where soot properties are independent of position in the overfire region and characteristic flame residence times. Flames burning in still air and fueled with gas (acetylene, ethylene, propane, and propylene) and liquid (benzene, toluene, cyclohexane, and n-heptane) hydrocarbon fuels were considered Measured scattering patterns and ratios of total scattering/absorption cross sections were in good agreement with predictions based on the Rayleigh-Debye-Gans (RDG) scattering approximation in the visible. Measured depolarization ratios were roughly correlated by primary particle size parameter, suggesting potential for completing RDG methodology needed to make soot scattering predictions as well as providing a nonintrusive way to measure primary soot particle diameters. Measurements of dimensionless extinction coefficients were in good agreement with earlier measurements for similar soot populations and were independent of fuel type and wavelength except for reduced values as the near ultraviolet was approached. The ratios of the scattering/absorption refractive index functions were independent of fuel type within experimental uncertainties and were in good agreement with earlier measurements. The refractive index function for absorption was similarly independent of fuel type but was larger than earlier reflectometry measurements in the infrared. Ratios of total scattering/absorption cross sections were relatively large in the visible and near infrared, with maximum values as large as 0.9 and with values as large as 0.2 at 2000 nm, suggesting greater potential for scattering from soot particles to affect flame radiation properties than previously thought.

Malignant testicular tumour incidence and mortality trends

PubMed Central

Wojtyła-Buciora, Paulina; Więckowska, Barbara; Krzywinska-Wiewiorowska, Małgorzata; Gromadecka-Sutkiewicz, Małgorzata

2016-01-01

Aim of the study In Poland testicular tumours are the most frequent cancer among men aged 20–44 years. Testicular tumour incidence since the 1980s and 1990s has been diversified geographically, with an increased risk of mortality in Wielkopolska Province, which was highlighted at the turn of the 1980s and 1990s. The aim of the study was the comparative analysis of the tendencies in incidence and death rates due to malignant testicular tumours observed among men in Poland and in Wielkopolska Province. Material and methods Data from the National Cancer Registry were used for calculations. The incidence/mortality rates among men due to malignant testicular cancer as well as the tendencies in incidence/death ratio observed in Poland and Wielkopolska were established based on regression equation. The analysis was deepened by adopting the multiple linear regression model. A p-value < 0.05 was arbitrarily adopted as the criterion of statistical significance, and for multiple comparisons it was modified according to the Bonferroni adjustment to a value of p < 0.0028. Calculations were performed with the use of PQStat v1.4.8 package. Results The incidence of malignant testicular neoplasms observed among men in Poland and in Wielkopolska Province indicated a significant rising tendency. The multiple linear regression model confirmed that the year variable is a strong incidence forecast factor only within the territory of Poland. A corresponding analysis of mortality rates among men in Poland and in Wielkopolska Province did not show any statistically significant correlations. Conclusions Late diagnosis of Polish patients calls for undertaking appropriate educational activities that would facilitate earlier reporting of the patients, thus increasing their chances for recovery. Introducing preventive examinations in the regions of increased risk of testicular tumour may allow earlier diagnosis. PMID:27095941

Effect of delayed pMDI actuation on the lung deposition of a fixed-dose combination aerosol drug.

PubMed

Farkas, Árpád; Horváth, Alpár; Kerekes, Attila; Nagy, Attila; Kugler, Szilvia; Tamási, Lilla; Tomisa, Gábor

2018-06-07

Lack of coordination between the beginning of the inhalation and device triggering is one of the most frequent errors reported in connection with the use of pMDI devices. Earlier results suggested a significant loss in lung deposition as a consequence of late actuation. However, most of our knowledge on the effect of poor synchronization is based on earlier works on CFC devices emitting large particles with high initial velocities. The aim of this study was to apply numerical techniques to analyse the effect of late device actuation on the lung dose of a HFA pMDI drug emitting high fraction of extrafine particles used in current asthma and COPD therapy. A computational fluid and particle dynamics model was combined with stochastic whole lung model to quantify the amount of drug depositing in the extrathoracic airways and in the lungs. High speed camera measurements were also performed to characterize the emitted spray plume. Our results have shown that for the studied pMDI drug late actuation leads to reasonable loss in terms of lung dose, unless it happens in the second half of the inhalation period. Device actuation at the middle of the inhalation caused less than 25% lung dose reduction relative to the value characterizing perfect coordination, if the inhalation time was between 2-5 s and inhalation flow rate between 30-150 L/min. This dose loss is lower than the previously known values of CFC devices and further support the practice of triggering the device shortly after the beginning of the inhalation instead of forcing a perfect synchronization and risking mishandling and poor drug deposition. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Vanadium Transitions in the Spectrum of Arcturus

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wood, M. P.; Sneden, C.; Lawler, J. E.; Den Hartog, E. A.; Cowan, J. J.; Nave, G.

2018-02-01

We derive a new abundance for vanadium in the bright, mildly metal-poor red giant Arcturus. This star has an excellent high-resolution spectral atlas and well-understood atmospheric parameters, and it displays a rich set of neutral vanadium lines that are available for abundance extraction. We employ a newly recorded set of laboratory FTS spectra to investigate any potential discrepancies in previously reported V I log(gf) values near 900 nm. These new spectra support our earlier laboratory transition data and the calibration method utilized in that study. We then perform a synthetic spectrum analysis of weak V I features in Arcturus, deriving log ε(V) = 3.54 ± 0.01 (σ = 0.04) from 55 lines. There are no significant abundance trends with wavelength, line strength, or lower excitation energy.

Short-term standard litter decomposition across three different ecosystems in middle taiga zone of West Siberia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Filippova, Nina V.; Glagolev, Mikhail V.

2018-03-01

The method of standard litter (tea) decomposition was implemented to compare decomposition rate constants (k) between different peatland ecosystems and coniferous forests in the middle taiga zone of West Siberia (near Khanty-Mansiysk). The standard protocol of TeaComposition initiative was used to make the data usable for comparisons among different sites and zonobiomes worldwide. This article sums up the results of short-term decomposition (3 months) on the local scale. The values of decomposition rate constants differed significantly between three ecosystem types: it was higher in forest compared to bogs, and treed bogs had lower decomposition constant compared to Sphagnum lawns. In general, the decomposition rate constants were close to ones reported earlier for similar climatic conditions and habitats.

Design and synthesis of aminocoumarin derivatives as DPP-IV inhibitors and anticancer agents.

PubMed

Soni, Rina; Soman, Shubhangi S

2018-09-01

DPP-IV "a moonlighting protein" has immerged as promising pathway to control Type 2 diabetes as well as found to play key role in earlier stages of cancer. Here we have reported design, synthesis and applications of aminocoumarin derivatives as DPP-IV inhibitors. Compounds have been synthesized and studied for their DPP-IV inhibition activity. Three compounds have shown moderate inhibition at 100 µM concentration. All compounds were also screened for their anticancer activity against A549 (Lung cancer cell line), MCF-7 (Breast cancer cell line) using MTT assay. One of the compounds has shown very good anticancer activity with IC 50 value 24 ± 0.1 nM against A549 cell line. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Nuclear data sheets update for A = 80*

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Singh, Balraj

1992-08-01

Nuclear spectroscopic information for known nuclides of mass number 80 (Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Se, br, Kr, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr) have been evaluated and presented together with adopted energies and J π of levels in these nuclei. No data are yet available for excited states in 80Zn and 80Y. This evaluation represents a revision of earlier ones (82Si20, 75Gr19). No data are available for 80Ni, but calculations of % β- n and T 1/2 (g.s.) using RPA method have been reported by 89Kr02. A severe disagreement is noted in the systematics (85Wa02) and measured (82De36, 81Li12) Q( ɛ) of 80Y decay. A remeasurement of this value is required to clarify the difference of about 2 Mev.

A field installation using prestressed panel subdecks.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1978-01-01

This final report is a supplement to an earlier report that covered the installation of the first precast, prestressed panel subdecks installed on a bridge in Virginia. The report discusses the inspection of the decks one year after they were complet...

Assessment of Air Quality in the International Space Station (ISS) and Space Shuttle Based on Samples Returned Aboard STS-110 (ISS-8A) in April 2002

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

James, John T.

2002-01-01

The toxicological assessment of grab sample canisters (GSCs) returned aboard STS-110 is reported. Analytical methods have not changed from earlier reports, and surrogate standard recoveries from the GSCs were 77-121%, with one exception. Pressure tracking indicated no leaks in the canisters. Recoveries from lab and trip controls for formaldehyde analyses ranged from 87 to 96%. The two general criteria used to assess air quality are the total-non-methane-volatile organic hydrocarbons (NMVOCs) and the total T-value (minus the CO2 and formaldehyde contributions). Because of the inertness of Freon 218 (octafluoropropane, OFP), its contribution to the NMVOC is subtracted and tabulated separately. Control of atmospheric alcohols is important to the water recovery system engineers, hence total alcohols are also shown for each sample. Because formaldehyde is quantified from sorbent badges, its concentration is listed separately. These five indices of air quality are summarized.

Assessment of Air Quality in the Shuttle and International Space Station (ISS) Based on Samples Returned by STS-102 at the Conclusion of 5A.1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

James, John T.

2001-01-01

The toxicological assessment of air samples returned at the end of the STS-102 (5A.1) flight to the ISS is reported. ISS air samples were taken in late February 2001 from the Service Module, FGB, and U.S. Laboratory using grab sample canisters (GSCs) and/or formaldehyde badges . A "first-entry" sample of the multipurpose logistics module (MPLM) atmosphere was taken with a GSC, and preflight and end-of-mission samples were obtained from Discovery using GSCs. Analytical methods have not changed from earlier reports, and all quality control measures were met for the data presented herein. The two general criteria used to assess air quality are the total-non-methane-volatile organic hydrocarbons (NMVOCs) and the total T-value (minus the CO2 contribution). Control of atmospheric alcohols is important to the water recovery system engineers, hence total alcohols were also assessed in each sample. Formaldehyde is quantified separately.

Return of hunger following a relatively high carbohydrate breakfast is associated with earlier recorded glucose peak and nadir

PubMed Central

Chandler-Laney, Paula C.; Morrison, Shannon A.; Goree, Laura Lee T.; Ellis, Amy C.; Casazza, Krista; Desmond, Renee; Gower, Barbara A

2014-01-01

Objective To test the hypothesis that a breakfast meal with high carbohydrate/ low fat results in an earlier increase in postprandial glucose and insulin, a greater decrease below baseline in postprandial glucose, and an earlier return of appetite, compared to a low carbohydrate/high fat meal. Design Overweight but otherwise healthy adults (n=64) were maintained on one of two eucaloric diets: high carbohydrate/low fat (HC/LF; 55:27:18% kcals from carbohydrate: fat: protein) versus low carbohydrate/high fat (LC/HF; 43:39:18% kcals from carbohydrate: fat: protein). After 4 weeks of acclimation to the diets, participants underwent a meal test during which circulating glucose and insulin and self-reported hunger and fullness, were measured before and after consumption of breakfast from their assigned diets. Results The LC/HF meal resulted in a later time at the highest and lowest recorded glucose, higher glucose concentrations at 3 and 4 hours post-meal, and lower insulin incremental area under the curve. Participants consuming the LC/HF meal reported lower appetite 3 and 4 hours following the meal, a response that was associated with the timing of the highest and lowest recorded glucose. Conclusions Modest increases in meal carbohydrate content at the expense of fat content may facilitate weight gain over the long-term by contributing to an earlier rise and fall of postprandial glucose concentrations and an earlier return of appetite. PMID:24819342

The Views of People Who Care for Adults with Down's Syndrome and Dementia: A Service Evaluation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Furniss, Kate Atkins; Loverseed, Annie; Lippold, Tessa; Dodd, Karen

2012-01-01

It is well established that people with Down's syndrome are more likely to develop dementia than other people and that onset of dementia is likely to occur earlier at an earlier age. The article reports on a specialist service for people with Down's syndrome and dementia. The service has offered dementia screening and assessment to people with…

Realizable feed-element patterns and optimum aperture efficiency in multibeam antenna systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Yngvesson, K. S.; Rahmat-Samii, Y.; Johansson, J. F.; Kim, Y. S.

1988-01-01

The results of an earlier paper by Rahmat-Samii et al. (1981), regarding realizable patterns from feed elements that are part of an array that feeds a reflector antenna, are extended. The earlier paper used a cos exp q theta model for the element radiation pattern, whereas here a parametric study is performed, using a model that assumes a central beam of cos exp q theta shape, with a constant sidelobe level outside the central beam. Realizable q-values are constrained by the maximum directivity based on feed element area. The optimum aperture efficiency (excluding array feed network losses) in an array-reflector system is evaluated as a function of element spacing using this model as well as the model of the earlier paper. Experimental data for tapered slot antenna (TSA) arrays are in agreement with the conclusions based on the model.

Progress Reports-HDSC/OWP

Science.gov Websites

- March 2017 October - December 2016 If you would like to subscribe to the HDSC List-Server and receive future announcements of progress report on current projects click here. If you would like earlier

An assessment of the performance and quality control procedures of PACS workstation monitors used in Irish radiology departments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wade, Cherrie; Brennan, Patrick C.; Mc Entee, Mark F.

2005-04-01

Diagnostic efficacy in soft-copy reporting relies heavily on the quality of workstation monitors and an investigation performed in 2002 demonstrated that CRT monitors in Dublin imaging departments were not operating at optimal levels. The current work examines the performance of CRTs being used in Dublin and other parts of Ireland to establish if problems reported in the earlier work have been rectified. All hospitals performing soft-copy reporting for general radiology using CRTs were included in the work. Examination of ambient lighting, calibration of monitors and analysis of CRT performance using the SMPTE test pattern and a selection of the AAPM test images was performed. Maximum luminance, spatial uniformity of luminance, temporal luminance stability, gamma, geometry, sharpness, veiling glare and spatial resolution of each monitor was evaluated. Ambient lighting in all reporting areas was within recommended levels. All the monitors were calibrated appropriately and were performing at acceptable levels for maximum luminance and temporal stability and only one of the thirty-three investigated failed to reach the standard for spatial uniformity. In contrast a number of the CRTs investigated showed poor adherence to acceptable levels for geometrical distortions, veiling glare and spatial resolution all of which are important influencers of image quality. Gamma values also appeared to be low for a number of monitors but this interpretation is provisional and subject to the establishment of ratified guideline values. The results demonstrate that although some improvement on the previous situation is evident, greater adherence to acceptable levels is required for certain parameters.

A reformulation of the Cost Plus Net Value Change (C+NVC) model of wildfire economics

Treesearch

Geoffrey H. Donovan; Douglas B. Rideout

2003-01-01

The Cost plus Net Value Change (C+NVC) model provides the theoretical foundation for wildland fire economics and provides the basis for the National Fire Management Analysis System (NFMAS). The C+NVC model is based on the earlier least Cost plus Loss model (LC+L) expressed by Sparhawk (1925). Mathematical and graphical analysis of the LC+L model illustrates two errors...

Weaning at Anglo-Saxon Raunds: Implications for changing breastfeeding practice in Britain over two millennia.

PubMed

Haydock, Hannah; Clarke, Leon; Craig-Atkins, Elizabeth; Howcroft, Rachel; Buckberry, Jo

2013-08-01

This study investigated stable-isotope ratio evidence of weaning for the late Anglo-Saxon population of Raunds Furnells, Northamptonshire, UK. δ(15)N and δ(13)C values in rib collagen were obtained for individuals of different ages to assess the weaning age of infants within the population. A peak in δ(15) N values at about 2-year-old, followed by a decline in δ(15) N values until age three, indicates a change in diet at that age. This change in nitrogen isotope ratios corresponds with the mortality profile from the site, as well as with archaeological and documentary evidence on attitudes towards juveniles in the Anglo-Saxon period. The pattern of δ(13) C values was less clear. Comparison of the predicted age of weaning to published data from sites dating from the Iron Age to the 19th century in Britain reveals a pattern of changing weaning practices over time, with increasingly earlier commencement and shorter periods of complementary feeding in more recent periods. Such a change has implications for the interpretation of socioeconomic changes during this period of British history, since earlier weaning is associated with decreased birth spacing, and could thus have contributed to population growth. Copyright © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The composition, heating value and renewable share of the energy content of mixed municipal solid waste in Finland.

PubMed

Horttanainen, M; Teirasvuo, N; Kapustina, V; Hupponen, M; Luoranen, M

2013-12-01

For the estimation of greenhouse gas emissions from waste incineration it is essential to know the share of the renewable energy content of the combusted waste. The composition and heating value information is generally available, but the renewable energy share or heating values of different fractions of waste have rarely been determined. In this study, data from Finnish studies concerning the composition and energy content of mixed MSW were collected, new experimental data on the compositions, heating values and renewable share of energy were presented and the results were compared to the estimations concluded from earlier international studies. In the town of Lappeenranta in south-eastern Finland, the share of renewable energy ranged between 25% and 34% in the energy content tests implemented for two sample trucks. The heating values of the waste and fractions of plastic waste were high in the samples compared to the earlier studies in Finland. These high values were caused by good source separation and led to a low share of renewable energy content in the waste. The results showed that in mixed municipal solid waste the renewable share of the energy content can be significantly lower than the general assumptions (50-60%) when the source separation of organic waste, paper and cardboard is carried out successfully. The number of samples was however small for making extensive conclusions on the results concerning the heating values and renewable share of energy and additional research is needed for this purpose. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The prognostic value of long noncoding RNA Sox2ot expression in various cancers: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

PubMed

Song, Xiaoyang; Yao, Hongyan; Liu, Jinlin; Wang, Qiang

2018-05-19

Several investigations have explored the prognostic value of long noncoding RNA Sox2 overlapping transcript (lncRNA Sox2ot) expression in human cancers, however, with inconsistent results. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic role of lncRNA Sox2ot expression in various cancers. PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library were comprehensively searched to retrieve relevant studies. The relationships between lncRNA Sox2ot expression and prognostic parameters were detected, including overall survival (OS), tumor differentiation, clinical stage, distant metastasis, lymph node metastasis and so on. A total of 10 studies involving 943 cancer patients were finally included into the study. High lncRNA Sox2ot expression was significantly related to shorter OS in cancers (HR = 2.06, 95%CI = 1.67-2.55, P < 0.01). The cancer patients with high lncRNA Sox2ot expression tended to have worse tumor differentiation (P = 0.04), advanced clinical stage (P < 0.01), earlier distant metastasis (P < 0.01), and earlier lymph node metastasis (P = 0.01) compared to those with low lncRNA Sox2ot expression. However, there was no distinct correlation between lncRNA Sox2ot expression and age (P = 0.87), gender (P = 0.48), tumor size (P = 0.08), or vascular invasion (P = 0.07). High lncRNA Sox2ot expression was significantly associated with worse OS, advanced clinical stage, worse tumor differentiation, earlier distant metastasis, and earlier lymph node metastasis in various cancers. LncRNA Sox2ot expression might a promising prognostic factor in various cancers. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Functional Requirements and the Theory of Action.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hills, R. Jean

1982-01-01

Responding to Willower's earlier questioning of the concept of systems' functional requirements, the author outlines the Parsonian theory of action, discussing action systems' components (values, norms, organizations, and facilities) and their functional imperatives or requirements (pattern maintenance, integration, goal attainment, and…

Automatic Vehicle Location: Successful Transit Applications

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2002-11-01

Belief in the value of AVL is substantiated by statements of benefits contained earlier in this study. Even so, none of the study agencies are making full use of the voluminous amount of AVL data automatically recorded by the system. Efforts to make ...

6S Return Samples: Assessment of Air Quality in the International Space Station (ISS) Based on Solid Sorbent Air Sampler (SSAS) and Formaldehyde Monitoring Kit (FMK) Analyses

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

James, John T.

2004-01-01

The toxicological assessments of SSAS and FMK analytical results are reported. Analytical methods have not changed from earlier reports. Surrogate standard recoveries from the SSAS tubes were 66-76% for 13C-acetone, 85-96% for fluorobenzene, and 73-89% for chlorobenzene. Post-flight flows were far below pre-flight flows and an investigation of the problem revealed that the reduced flow was caused by a leak at the interface of the pump inlet tube and the pump head. This resulted in degradation of pump efficiency. Further investigation showed that the problem occurred before the SSAS was operated on orbit and that use of the post-flight flows yielded consistent and useful results. Recoveries from formaldehyde control badges were 86 to 104%. The two general criteria used to assess air quality are the total-non-methane-volatile organic hydrocarbons (NMVOCs) and the total T-value (minus the CO2 and formaldehyde contributions). The T values will not be reported for these data due to the flow anomaly. Control of atmospheric alcohols is important to the water recovery system engineers, hence total alcohols (including acetone) are also shown for each sample. Octafluoropropane (OFP) is not efficiently trapped by the sorbents used in the SSAS. Because formaldehyde is quantified from sorbent badges, its concentration is also listed separately. These five indices of air quality are summarized.

[Plasma amino acids profile of healthy pregnant adolescents in Maracaibo, Venezuela].

PubMed

Ortega, Pablo; Castejón, Haydée V; Argotte, María G; Gómez, Gisela; Bohorquez, Lissette; Urrieta, Jesús R

2003-06-01

One hundred female adolescents (13-18 y) were clinical and anthropometrically studied to select only those with adequate nutrition. Most adolescents belonged to IV socio-economic stratum families (worker class). Height, weight, age, body mass index and medial arm circumference were used as anthropometric parameters. After screening, only 41 non pregnant girls (control) and 42 pregnant girls with adequate nutrition were selected to analyze plasma amino acids. Fasting peripheral venous blood was drawn, and plasma amino acids were analyzed by HPLC. Amino acid concentrations were expressed as umol/L +/- SE. SAS/STAT program was used for statistical analysis. Amino acid values of control adolescent group were found in ranges reported by other investigators, with slight variations, mostly in diminution, presumably due to nutritional, metabolic or genetic conditions of people living in tropical regions. In pregnant healthy adolescents, distributed according to gestational age: < 32 weeks (n = 30) and > 32 weeks (n = 12), a diminution of total molar plasma amino acids was found, by comparing with control values. Ten amino acids (Pro, Gly, Gln, Arg, Ser, Orn, Tau, Leu, Thr and Val) appeared significantively diminished throughout gestation, being Gly. Gln and Arg most affected since earlier weeks. During the 2nd period. Thr and Val increased their grade of affectation; whereas some amino acids values (Orn, Pro and Tau) tended to recuperate. Several of affected amino acids are gluconegoenic, thus, they could be utilized to supply the energy required by the pregnant adolescent against her double stress: the fetus development and her own development. The plasma amino acid values reported in both, healthy non pregnant and pregnant adolescents, could be taken as regional referential profile of plasma amino acids in this poblational group for further research on adolescent and fetal--maternal malnutrition.

Integrating Weather in TMC Operations

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2008-06-30

This report presents the results of a study of the integration of weather information into Transportation Management Centers (TMCs). Based on an earlier report that examined the nature and extent of weather integration experience across the country a...

Three-component hydraulic penile prosthesis malfunction due to penile fibrolipoma secondary to augmentative phalloplasty: A case report.

PubMed

Antonini, Gabriele; Vicini, Patrizio; De Berardinis, Ettore; Pacchiarotti, Arianna; Gentile, Vincenzo; Perito, Paul

2016-01-14

Fibrolipomas are an infrequent type of lipomas. We describe a case of a man suffering from subcutaneous penile fibrolipoma, who twelve months earlier has been submitted to augmentative phalloplasty due to aesthetic dysmorphophobia. The same patient three years earlier has been submitted to three-component hydraulic penile prostheses implantation due to erectile dysfunction. After six months from removing of the mass, the penile elongation and penile enlargement were stable, the prostheses were correctly functioning and the patient was satisfied with his sexual intercourse and life. The diagnostics and surgical characteristics of this case are reported.

Herbs and brush on California red fir regeneration sites: a species and frequency sampling

Treesearch

Donald T. Gordon; Eugene E. Bowen

1978-01-01

In a sampling of 32 logged areas in red fir forests of northern California, 58 plant species were found. Species corresponded with less than one-fifth of the 93 species reported in an earlier study of the virgin forest. Sampling of uncut areas adjacent to cuttings does not seem useful for predicting the earlier successional vegetation that will appear when the areas...

Report to the Congress on the Strategic Defense Initiative 1990

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-05-01

thermoacoustic drivers, pulse tube coolers, and sorption coolers. High efficiency is 7-4 I Technology Base expected from the magnetic cooler work, currently in...generated by SDI research, the degree to which certain types of defensive systems discourage an adversary from attempting to overwhelm them with additional...energy interceptor that has replaced earlier approaches. Nevertheless, development of an earlier approach known as SBI (referring to a specific type of

Interface motion in a two-dimensional Ising model with a field

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Devillard, Pierre

1991-01-01

We determine by Monte Carlo simulations the width of an interface between the stable phase and the metastable phase in a two-dimensional Ising model with a magnetic field, in the case of nonconversed order parameter (Glauber dynamics). At zero temperature, the width increases as t β with β-1/3, as predicted by earlier theories. As temperature increases, the value of the effective exponent β that we measure decreases toward the value 1/4, which is the value in the absence of magnetic field.

Scintillating Screens Based on the Single Crystalline Films of Multicomponent Garnets: New Achievements and Possibilities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zorenko, Yuriy; Gorbenko, Vitalii; Zorenko, Tetiana; Paprocki, Kazimierz; Nikl, Martin; Mares, Jiri A.; Bilski, Pawel; Twardak, Anna; Sidletskiy, Oleg; Gerasymov, Iaroslav; Grinyov, Boris; Fedorov, Alexandr

2016-04-01

The paper is dedicated to development of the novel scintillating screens based on single crystalline films (SCF) of Ce doped Lu3 - xTbxAl5 - yGayO12 multicomponent garnets at x = 2 - 3 and y = 0 - 2.5 onto Y3Al5O12 (YAG) and Gd3Al2.5Ga2.5O12 (GAGG) substrates using the liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) method. We report the optimized content and high scintillation figure of merit of SCF of these garnets grown by the LPE method with using PbO based flux. Namely, the Tb3Al2.5Ga2.5O12:Ce SCFs possess the highest values of light yield (LY) compared to all earlier investigated SCF samples, with their LY exceeding by 2.35 and 1.15 times the LY values for YAG:Ce and LuAG:Ce SCF scintillators, respectively. The SCFs of the mentioned compounds show very lower thermoluminescence in the above room temperature range and relatively fast scintillation decay.

Subfemtosecond quantum nuclear dynamics in water isotopomers.

PubMed

Rao, B Jayachander; Varandas, A J C

2015-05-21

Subfemtosecond quantum dynamics studies of all water isotopomers in the X̃ (2)B1 and à (2)A1 electronic states of the cation formed by Franck-Condon ionization of the neutral ground electronic state are reported. Using the ratio of the autocorrelation functions for the isotopomers as obtained from the solution of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation in a grid representation, high-order harmonic generation signals are calculated as a function of time. The results are found to be in agreement with the available experimental findings and with our earlier study for D2O(+)/H2O(+). Maxima are predicted in the autocorrelation function ratio at various times. Their origin and occurrence is explained by calculating expectation values of the bond lengths and bond angle of the water isotopomers as a function of time. The values so calculated for the (2)B1 and (2)A1 electronic states of the cation show quasiperiodic oscillations that can be associated with the time at which the nuclear wave packet reaches the minima of the potential energy surface, there being responsible for the peaks in the HHG signals.

Measurement of the electric quadrupole moments of CO2 , CO, N2 , Cl2 and BF3

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Graham, C.; Imrie, D. A.; Raab, R. E.

The electric quadrupole moments of a number of molecules have been determined from measurement of the birefringence induced in a gas by an electric field gradient. The values obtained are: carbon dioxide (- 14·27 ± 0·61)x 10-40 C m2, carbon monoxide (- 9·47 ± 0·15)x 10-40 C m2, nitrogen (- 4·65±0·08)x 10-40 C m2 and boron trifluoride (12·6±0·7)x 10-40 C m2. In the calculation of the moments for carbon monoxide and boron trifluoride the small hyperpolarizability contribution was neglected in the absence of known values. By means of the Jones calculus a detailed analysis was made of the effects of strain birefringence in the cell windows and imperfect orientation of polarizing components in the light path. This analysis led to a measurement procedure which yielded results significantly different from previously reported ones obtained with essentially the same apparatus. The probable error in the earlier procedure is identified.

Application of speckle image correlation for real-time assessment of metabolic activity in herpes virus-infected cells

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vladimirov, A. P.; Malygin, A. S.; Mikhailova, J. A.; Borodin, E. M.; Bakharev, A. A.; Poryvayeva, A. P.

2014-09-01

Earlier we reported developing a speckle interferometry technique and a device designed to assess the metabolic activity of a cell monolayer cultivated on a glass substrate. This paper aimed at upgrading the technique and studying its potential for real-time assessment of herpes virus development process. Speckle dynamics was recorded in the image plane of intact and virus-infected cell monolayer. HLE-3, L-41 and Vero cells were chosen as research targets. Herpes simplex virus-1-(HSV-1)- infected cell cultures were studied. For 24 h we recorded the digital value of optical signal I in one pixel and parameter η characterizing change in the distribution of the optical signal on 10 × 10-pixel areas. The coefficient of multiple determination calculated by η time dependences for three intact cell cultures equals 0.94. It was demonstrated that the activity parameters are significantly different for intact and virus-infected cells. The difference of η value for intact and HSV-1-infected cells is detectable 10 minutes from the experiment start.

Optimization of Enzymatic Saccharification of Alkali Pretreated Parthenium sp. Using Response Surface Methodology

PubMed Central

Pandiyan, K.; Tiwari, Rameshwar; Singh, Surender; Nain, Pawan K. S.; Rana, Sarika; Arora, Anju; Singh, Shashi B.; Nain, Lata

2014-01-01

Parthenium sp. is a noxious weed which threatens the environment and biodiversity due to its rapid invasion. This lignocellulosic weed was investigated for its potential in biofuel production by subjecting it to mild alkali pretreatment followed by enzymatic saccharification which resulted in significant amount of fermentable sugar yield (76.6%). Optimization of enzymatic hydrolysis variables such as temperature, pH, enzyme, and substrate loading was carried out using central composite design (CCD) in response to surface methodology (RSM) to achieve the maximum saccharification yield. Data obtained from RSM was validated using ANOVA. After the optimization process, a model was proposed with predicted value of 80.08% saccharification yield under optimum conditions which was confirmed by the experimental value of 85.80%. This illustrated a good agreement between predicted and experimental response (saccharification yield). The saccharification yield was enhanced by enzyme loading and reduced by temperature and substrate loading. This study reveals that under optimized condition, sugar yield was significantly increased which was higher than earlier reports and promises the use of Parthenium sp. biomass as a feedstock for bioethanol production. PMID:24900917

Low-energy proton induced M X-ray production cross sections for 70Yb, 81Tl and 82Pb

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shehla; Mandal, A.; Kumar, Ajay; Roy Chowdhury, M.; Puri, Sanjiv; Tribedi, L. C.

2018-07-01

The cross sections for production of Mk (k = Mξ, Mαβ, Mγ, Mm1) X-rays of 70Yb, 81Tl and 82Pb induced by 50-250 keV protons have been measured in the present work. The experimental cross sections have been compared with the earlier reported values and those calculated using the ionization cross sections based on the ECPSSR (Perturbed (P) stationary(S) state(S), incident ion energy (E) loss, Coulomb (C) deflection and relativistic (R) correction) model, the X-ray emission rates based on the Dirac-Fock model, the fluorescence and Coster-Kronig yields based on the Dirac-Hartree-Slater (DHS) model. In addition, the present measured proton induced X-ray production cross sections have also been compared with those calculated using the Dirac-Hartree-Slater (DHS) model based ionization cross sections and those based on the Plane wave Born Approximation (PWBA). The measured M X-ray production cross sections are, in general, found to be higher than the ECPSSR and DHS model based values and lower than the PWBA model based cross sections.

Acetyl analogs of combretastatin A-4: synthesis and biological studies.

PubMed

Babu, Balaji; Lee, Megan; Lee, Lauren; Strobel, Raymond; Brockway, Olivia; Nickols, Alexis; Sjoholm, Robert; Tzou, Samuel; Chavda, Sameer; Desta, Dereje; Fraley, Gregory; Siegfried, Adam; Pennington, William; Hartley, Rachel M; Westbrook, Cara; Mooberry, Susan L; Kiakos, Konstantinos; Hartley, John A; Lee, Moses

2011-04-01

The combretastatins have received significant attention because of their simple chemical structures, excellent antitumor efficacy and novel antivascular mechanisms of action. Herein, we report the synthesis of 20 novel acetyl analogs of CA-4 (1), synthesized from 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenylacetone that comprises the A ring of CA-4 with different aromatic aldehydes as the B ring. Molecular modeling studies indicate that these new compounds possess a 'twisted' conformation similar to CA-4. The new analogs effectively inhibit the growth of human and murine cancer cells. The most potent compounds 6k, 6s and 6t, have IC(50) values in the sub-μM range. Analog 6t has an IC(50) of 182 nM in MDA-MB-435 cells and has advantages over earlier analogs due to its enhanced water solubility (456 μM). This compound initiates microtubule depolymerization with an EC(50) value of 1.8 μM in A-10 cells. In a murine L1210 syngeneic tumor model 6t had antitumor activity and no apparent toxicity. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The Added Value of Collecting Information on Pain Experience When Predicting Time on Benefits for Injured Workers with Back Pain.

PubMed

Steenstra, Ivan A; Franche, Renée-Louise; Furlan, Andrea D; Amick, Ben; Hogg-Johnson, Sheilah

2016-06-01

Objectives Some injured workers with work-related, compensated back pain experience a troubling course in return to work. A prediction tool was developed in an earlier study, using administrative data only. This study explored the added value of worker reported data in identifying those workers with back pain at higher risk of being on benefits for a longer period of time. Methods This was a cohort study of workers with compensated back pain in 2005 in Ontario. Workplace Safety and Insurance Board (WSIB) data was used. As well, we examined the added value of patient-reported prognostic factors obtained from a prospective cohort study. Improvement of model fit was determined by comparing area under the curve (AUC) statistics. The outcome measure was time on benefits during a first workers' compensation claim for back pain. Follow-up was 2 years. Results Among 1442 workers with WSIB data still on full benefits at 4 weeks, 113 were also part of the prospective cohort study. Model fit of an established rule in the smaller dataset of 113 workers was comparable to the fit previously established in the larger dataset. Adding worker rating of pain at baseline improved the rule substantially (AUC = 0.80, 95 % CI 0.68, 0.91 compared to benefit status at 180 days, AUC = 0.88, 95 % CI 0.74, 1.00 compared to benefits status at 360 days). Conclusion Although data routinely collected by workers' compensation boards show some ability to predict prolonged time on benefits, adding information on experienced pain reported by the worker improves the predictive ability of the model from 'fairly good' to 'good'. In this study, a combination of prognostic factors, reported by multiple stakeholders, including the worker, could identify those at high risk of extended duration on disability benefits and in potentially in need of additional support at the individual level.

Identifying pneumonia outbreaks of public health importance: can emergency department data assist in earlier identification?

PubMed

Hope, Kirsty; Durrheim, David N; Muscatello, David; Merritt, Tony; Zheng, Wei; Massey, Peter; Cashman, Patrick; Eastwood, Keith

2008-08-01

To retrospectively review the performance of a near real-time Emergency Department (ED) Syndromic Surveillance System operating in New South Wales for identifying pneumonia outbreaks of public health importance. Retrospective data was obtained from the NSW Emergency Department data collection for a rural hospital that has experienced a cluster of pneumonia diagnoses among teenage males in August 2006. ED standard reports were examined for signals in the overall count for each respiratory syndrome, and for elevated counts in individual subgroups including; age, sex and admission to hospital status. Using the current thresholds, the ED syndromic surveillance system would have trigged a signal for pneumonia syndrome in children aged 5-16 years four days earlier than the notification by a paediatrician and this signal was maintained for 14 days. If the ED syndromic surveillance system had been operating it could have identified the outbreak earlier than the paediatrician's notification. This may have permitted an earlier public health response. By understanding the behaviour of syndromes during outbreaks of public health importance, response protocols could be developed to facilitate earlier implementation of control measures.

Enhancing Privacy in Participatory Sensing Applications with Multidimensional Data

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Groat, Michael; Forrest, Stephanie; Horey, James L

2012-01-01

Participatory sensing applications rely on individuals to share local and personal data with others to produce aggregated models and knowledge. In this setting, privacy is an important consideration, and lack of privacy could discourage widespread adoption of many exciting applications. We present a privacy-preserving participatory sensing scheme for multidimensional data which uses negative surveys. Multidimensional data, such as vectors of attributes that include location and environment fields, pose a particular challenge for privacy protection and are common in participatory sensing applications. When reporting data in a negative survey, an individual participant randomly selects a value from the set complement ofmore » the sensed data value, once for each dimension, and returns the negative values to a central collection server. Using algorithms described in this paper, the server can reconstruct the probability density functions of the original distributions of sensed values, without knowing the participants actual data. As a consequence, complicated encryption and key management schemes are avoided, conserving energy. We study trade-offs between accuracy and privacy, and their relationships to the number of dimensions, categories, and participants. We introduce dimensional adjustment, a method that reduces the magnification of error associated with earlier work. Two simulation scenarios illustrate how the approach can protect the privacy of a participant's multidimensional data while allowing useful population information to be aggregated.« less

Density Measurements of Low Silica CaO-SiO2-Al2O3 Slags

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Muhmood, Luckman; Seetharaman, Seshadri

2010-08-01

Density measurements of a low-silica CaO-SiO2-Al2O3 system were carried out using the Archimedes principle. A Pt 30 pct Rh bob and wire arrangement was used for this purpose. The results obtained were in good agreement with those obtained from the model developed in the current group as well as with other results reported earlier. The density for the CaO-SiO2 and the CaO-Al2O3 binary slag systems also was estimated from the ternary values. The extrapolation of density values for high-silica systems also showed good agreement with previous works. An estimation for the density value of CaO was made from the current experimental data. The density decrease at high temperatures was interpreted based on the silicate structure. As the mole percent of SiO2 was below the 33 pct required for the orthosilicate composition, discrete {text{SiO}}4^{4 - } tetrahedral units in the silicate melt would exist along with O2- ions. The change in melt expansivity may be attributed to the ionic expansions in the order of {text{Al}}^{ 3+ } - {text{O}}^{ 2- } < {text{Ca}}^{ 2+ } - {text{O}}^{ 2- } < {text{Ca}}^{ 2+ } - {text{O}}^{ - } Structural changes in the ternary slag also could be correlated to a drastic change in the value of enthalpy of mixing.

Magneto-encephalographic measurement of neural activity during period of vertigo induced by cold caloric stimulation.

PubMed

Kandori, Akihiko; Oe, Hiroshi; Miyashita, Kotaro; Ohira, Shinji; Naritomi, Hiroaki; Chiba, Yoshihide; Ogata, Kuniomi; Murakami, Masahiro; Miyashita, Tsuyoshi; Tsukada, Keiji

2003-07-01

The aim of this study was to investigate neural activity during period of vertiginous sensation, induced by caloric stimulation. After caloric vestibular stimulation (CVS) by cold water of five volunteers (n=5, age: 30+/-10), auditory evoked magnetic fields (AEFs) during the subsequent period of vertiginous sensations were measured by magnetoencephalography (MEG). Current-arrow maps (CAMs) were produced to estimate the spatial current distribution of the AEF responses, and a rotation value (dI(rot)) was calculated from the CAM. The worth of the dI(rot) values as indicators of vertigo was evaluated by comparing them with earlier reported values for elderly control (n=11, age: 67+/-5) and chronic dizziness (CD) (n=27, age: 68+/-8) groups (obtained from AEF responses with no the CVS). Although all volunteers felt vertigo during the AEF measurements, the AEF waveforms and CAM pattern only showed slight changes. While the dI(rot) values (1.43+/-0.73) just after CVS were not significantly different from those (1.59+/-0.46) for the elderly controls, they were significantly different from those (3.54+/-1.34) for the CD patients. These findings suggest that (i) the new parameter (dI(rot)) is more sensitively indicates dizziness (non-rotatory sensation) than vertigo (ii) the auditory cortical region may play an important role in body-balance perception of floating sensations.

A simple spectral model of the dynamics of the Venus ionosphere

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Singhal, R. P.; Whitten, R. C.

1987-01-01

A two-dimensional model of the ionosphere of Venus has been constructed by expanding pertinent quantities in Legendre polynomials. The model is simplified by including only a single ion species, O(+). Horizontal plasma flow velocity and plasma density have been calculated as a coupled system. The calculated plasma flow velocity is found to be in good agreement with observations and the results of earlier studies. Solar zenith angle dependence of plasma density, particularly on the nightside, shows some features which differ from results of earlier studies and observed values. Effects of raising or lowering the ionopause height and changing the nightside neutral atmosphere have been discussed.

Investigation of activation cross-sections of deuteron induced reactions on vanadium up to 40 MeV

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tárkányi, F.; Ditrói, F.; Takács, S.; Hermanne, A.; Baba, M.; Ignatyuk, A. V.

2011-08-01

Experimental excitation functions for deuteron induced reactions up to 40 MeV on natural vanadium were measured with the activation method using a stacked foil irradiation technique. From high resolution gamma spectrometry cross-section data for the production of 51Cr, 48V, 48,47,46Sc and 47Ca were determined. Comparisons with the earlier published data are presented and results for values predicted by different theoretical codes are included. Thick target yields were calculated from a fit to our experimental excitation curves and compared with the earlier experimental data. Depth distribution curves used for thin layer activation (TLA) are also presented.

Guidelines and Data to Support Plans for Reallocating Food during Crisis Relocation. Regional Appendix. FEMA Region V,

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-09-01

estimate of transportation stress for the remainder of each distributor’s service area by using approximation techniques developed in earlier SYSTAN work ...LUCKY STORES INC MILAN IL 7 0 0 2 3 2" 43,COO PLAINFIELD SUPER VALU PLAINFIELD IL 2 0 0 0 0 2 25,000 SUFER VALU STORES INC DES HOINES IA 1 0 I 0 0 0

A chronicle of the changes undergone by a maritime territory, the Bay of Toulon (Var Coast, France), and their consequences on PCB contamination.

PubMed

Wafo, Emmanuel; Abou, Lydia; Nicolay, Alain; Boissery, Pierre; Perez, Thierry; Ngono Abondo, Rose; Garnier, Cédric; Chacha, Mama; Portugal, Henri

2016-01-01

This study evaluated the distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in 39 surface sediment samples and four cores collected in Toulon Bay, a semiclosed area submitted to various anthropogenic inputs. The concentration of PCBs in the superficial sediment samples ranged from 1.7 to 2530 ng g(-1) dry weight. The spatial distribution of these compounds suggested that the high concentrations of these contaminants are located in the small bay and are related to human activities. In the larger bay, the concentrations were in the same order of magnitude than those reported in others locations around the world. Comparison of the levels with target values from the French legislation shows that, except for four polluted sites with critical values (N2: values ≥1 mg kg(-1) dry weight) in the smaller bay, PCBs levels throughout the larger and the smaller bay are lower than the accepted values (N1: values <0.5 mg kg(-1) dry weight). The PCBs in the sediment cores ranged from 0.8 to 739 ng g(-1) dry weight dependent core. Vertical profiles indicated earlier usage of PCBs which coincided with the history of the Toulon Bay. In this study, using alkane, we could follow the PCBs pollution history over about 80 years and estimate a sedimentation rate of about 0.32 cm year in the small Bay of Toulon.

Climate change is affecting altitudinal migrants and hibernating species.

PubMed

Inouye, D W; Barr, B; Armitage, K B; Inouye, B D

2000-02-15

Calendar date of the beginning of the growing season at high altitude in the Colorado Rocky Mountains is variable but has not changed significantly over the past 25 years. This result differs from growing evidence from low altitudes that climate change is resulting in a longer growing season, earlier migrations, and earlier reproduction in a variety of taxa. At our study site, the beginning of the growing season is controlled by melting of the previous winter's snowpack. Despite a trend for warmer spring temperatures the average date of snowmelt has not changed, perhaps because of the trend for increased winter precipitation. This disjunction between phenology at low and high altitudes may create problems for species, such as many birds, that migrate over altitudinal gradients. We present data indicating that this already may be true for American robins, which are arriving 14 days earlier than they did in 1981; the interval between arrival date and the first date of bare ground has grown by 18 days. We also report evidence for an effect of climate change on hibernation behavior; yellow-bellied marmots are emerging 38 days earlier than 23 years ago, apparently in response to warmer spring air temperatures. Migrants and hibernators may experience problems as a consequence of these changes in phenology, which may be exacerbated if climate models are correct in their predictions of increased winter snowfall in our study area. The trends we report for earlier formation of permanent snowpack and for a longer period of snow cover also have implications for hibernating species.

Climate change is affecting altitudinal migrants and hibernating species

PubMed Central

Inouye, David W.; Barr, Billy; Armitage, Kenneth B.; Inouye, Brian D.

2000-01-01

Calendar date of the beginning of the growing season at high altitude in the Colorado Rocky Mountains is variable but has not changed significantly over the past 25 years. This result differs from growing evidence from low altitudes that climate change is resulting in a longer growing season, earlier migrations, and earlier reproduction in a variety of taxa. At our study site, the beginning of the growing season is controlled by melting of the previous winter's snowpack. Despite a trend for warmer spring temperatures the average date of snowmelt has not changed, perhaps because of the trend for increased winter precipitation. This disjunction between phenology at low and high altitudes may create problems for species, such as many birds, that migrate over altitudinal gradients. We present data indicating that this already may be true for American robins, which are arriving 14 days earlier than they did in 1981; the interval between arrival date and the first date of bare ground has grown by 18 days. We also report evidence for an effect of climate change on hibernation behavior; yellow-bellied marmots are emerging 38 days earlier than 23 years ago, apparently in response to warmer spring air temperatures. Migrants and hibernators may experience problems as a consequence of these changes in phenology, which may be exacerbated if climate models are correct in their predictions of increased winter snowfall in our study area. The trends we report for earlier formation of permanent snowpack and for a longer period of snow cover also have implications for hibernating species. PMID:10677510

Traumatic Brain Injury History is Associated with Earlier Age of Onset of Alzheimer Disease

PubMed Central

LoBue, Christian; Wadsworth, Hannah; Wilmoth, Kristin; Clem, Matthew; Hart, John; Womack, Kyle B.; Didehbani, Nyaz; Lacritz, Laura H.; Rossetti, Heidi C.; Cullum, C. Munro

2016-01-01

Objective This study examined whether a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with earlier onset of Alzheimer disease (AD), independent of apolipoprotein ε4 status (Apoe4) and gender. Method Participants with a clinical diagnosis of AD (n=7625) were obtained from the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set, and categorized based on self-reported lifetime TBI with loss of consciousness (LOC) (TBI+ vs TBI-) and presence of Apoe4. ANCOVAs, controlling for gender, race, and education were used to examine the association between history of TBI, presence of Apoe4, and an interaction of both risk factors on estimated age of AD onset. Results Estimated AD onset differed by TBI history and Apoe4 independently (p’s <.001). The TBI+ group had a mean age of onset 2.5 years earlier than the TBI- group. Likewise, Apoe4 carriers had a mean age of onset 2.3 years earlier than non-carriers. While the interaction was non-significant (p = .34), participants having both a history of TBI and Apoe4 had the earliest mean age of onset compared to those with a TBI history or Apoe4 alone (MDifference = 2.8 & 2.7 years, respectively). These results remained unchanged when stratified by gender. Conclusions History of self-reported TBI can be associated with an earlier onset of AD-related cognitive decline, regardless of Apoe4 status and gender. TBI may be related to an underlying neurodegenerative process in AD, but the implications of age at time of injury, severity, and repetitive injuries remain unclear. PMID:27855547

Advanced Atherogenic Index for the Assessment of Consolidated Lipid Risk in Premature Coronary Artery Disease Patients in India.

PubMed

Bansal, Sanjiv Kumar; Agarwal, Sarita; Daga, Mridul Kumar

2016-01-01

The high prevalence, severity, and prematurity of coronary artery disease (CAD) in the Indian population cannot be completely explained by the conventional lipid parameters and the existing lipid indices. To calculate newly defined advanced atherogenic index (AAI) in premature CAD patients and compare it between cases and controls and Correlate its values with the existing indices. One hundred and twenty premature CAD patients and an equal number of age and sex matched healthy individuals were included in this study. Lipid profile and nonconventional lipid parameters like oxidized Low density lipoprotein (OX LDL), small dense LDL (SD LDL), lipoprotein (a) apolipoprotein B (Apo B), and apolipoprotein A1 (Apo A1) were estimated and their values were used to define AAI and existing lipid indices like AI, lipid tetrad index (LTI) and lipid pentad index (LPI). The mean age of cases and controls was 37.29 + 4.50 and 36.13 + 3.53 years, respectively. The value of AAI was highly significant in cases (3461.22 ± 45.20) as compared to controls (305.84 ± 21.80). AAI has shown better statistical significance and correlation (P < 0.0001, r = 0.737) as compared to the earlier indices such as AI (P < 0.01, r = 0.52), LTI (P < 0.001, r = 0.677) and LPI (P < 0.001, r = 0.622) in premature CAD. Kolmogorov D statistic and cumulative distribution function plot has shown that AAI can discriminate cases and controls more accurately as compared to the earlier indices. Statistically AAI appears to be a better marker of consolidated lipid risk in premature CAD patients as compared to the earlier indices.

Quantifying the economic value and quality of life impact of earlier influenza vaccination.

PubMed

Lee, Bruce Y; Bartsch, Sarah M; Brown, Shawn T; Cooley, Philip; Wheaton, William D; Zimmerman, Richard K

2015-03-01

Influenza vaccination is administered throughout the influenza disease season, even as late as March. Given such timing, what is the value of vaccinating the population earlier than currently being practiced? We used real data on when individuals were vaccinated in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, and the following 2 models to determine the value of vaccinating individuals earlier (by the end of September, October, and November): Framework for Reconstructing Epidemiological Dynamics (FRED), an agent-based model (ABM), and FluEcon, our influenza economic model that translates cases from the ABM to outcomes and costs [health care and lost productivity costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs)]. We varied the reproductive number (R0) from 1.2 to 1.6. Applying the current timing of vaccinations averted 223,761 influenza cases, $16.3 million in direct health care costs, $50.0 million in productivity losses, and 804 in QALYs, compared with no vaccination (February peak, R0 1.2). When the population does not have preexisting immunity and the influenza season peaks in February (R0 1.2-1.6), moving individuals who currently received the vaccine after September to the end of September could avert an additional 9634-17,794 influenza cases, $0.6-$1.4 million in direct costs, $2.1-$4.0 million in productivity losses, and 35-64 QALYs. Moving the vaccination of just children to September (R0 1.2-1.6) averted 11,366-1660 influenza cases, $0.6-$0.03 million in direct costs, $2.3-$0.2 million in productivity losses, and 42-8 QALYs. Moving the season peak to December increased these benefits, whereas increasing preexisting immunity reduced these benefits. Even though many people are vaccinated well after September/October, they likely are still vaccinated early enough to provide substantial cost-savings.

Critical mass of public goods and its coevolution with cooperation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shi, Dong-Mei; Wang, Bing-Hong

2017-07-01

In this study, the enhancing parameter represented the value of the public goods to the public in public goods game, and was rescaled to a Fermi-Dirac distribution function of critical mass. Public goods were divided into two categories, consumable and reusable public goods, and their coevolution with cooperative behavior was studied. We observed that for both types of public goods, cooperation was promoted as the enhancing parameter increased when the value of critical mass was not very large. An optimal value of critical mass which led to the best cooperation was identified. We also found that cooperations emerged earlier for reusable public goods, and defections became extinct earlier for the consumable public goods. Moreover, we observed that a moderate depreciation rate for public goods resulted in an optimal cooperation, and this range became wider as the enhancing parameter increased. The noise influence on cooperation was studied, and it was shown that cooperation density varied non-monotonically as noise amplitude increased for reusable public goods, whereas decreased monotonically for consumable public goods. Furthermore, existence of the optimal critical mass was also identified in other three regular networks. Finally, simulation results were utilized to analyze the provision of public goods in detail.

Intrinsic properties of limb bud cells can be differentially reset.

PubMed

Saiz-Lopez, Patricia; Chinnaiya, Kavitha; Towers, Matthew; Ros, Maria A

2017-02-01

An intrinsic timing mechanism specifies the positional values of the zeugopod (i.e. radius/ulna) and then autopod (i.e. wrist/digits) segments during limb development. Here, we have addressed whether this timing mechanism ensures that patterning events occur only once by grafting GFP-expressing autopod progenitor cells to the earlier host signalling environment of zeugopod progenitor cells. We show by detecting Hoxa13 expression that early and late autopod progenitors fated for the wrist and phalanges, respectively, both contribute to the entire host autopod, indicating that the autopod positional value is irreversibly determined. We provide evidence that Hoxa13 provides an autopod-specific positional value that correctly allocates cells into the autopod, most likely through the control of cell-surface properties as shown by cell-cell sorting analyses. However, we demonstrate that only the earlier autopod cells can adopt the host proliferation rate to permit normal morphogenesis. Therefore, our findings reveal that the ability of embryonic cells to differentially reset their intrinsic behaviours confers robustness to limb morphogenesis. We speculate that this plasticity could be maintained beyond embryogenesis in limbs with regenerative capacity. © 2017. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.

Experience curve development and cost reduction disaggregation for fuel cell markets in Japan and the US

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wei, Max; Smith, Sarah J.; Sohn, Michael D.

Technology learning rates can be dynamic quantities as a technology moves from early development to piloting and from low volume manufacturing to high volume manufacturing. This work describes a generalizable technology analysis approach for disaggregating observed technology cost reductions and presents results of this approach for one specific case study (micro-combined heat and power fuel cell systems in Japan). We build upon earlier reports that combine discussion of fuel cell experience curves and qualitative discussion of cost components by providing greater detail on the contributing mechanisms to observed cost reductions, which were not quantified in earlier reports. Greater standardization ismore » added to the analysis approach, which can be applied to other technologies. This paper thus provides a key linkage that has been missing from earlier literature on energy-related technologies by integrating the output of earlier manufacturing cost studies with observed learning rates to quantitatively estimate the different components of cost reduction including economies of scale and cost reductions due to product performance and product design improvements. This work also provides updated fuel cell technology price versus volume trends from the California Self-Generation Incentive Program, including extensive data for solid-oxide fuel cells (SOFC) reported here for the first time. The Japanese micro-CHP market is found to have a learning rate of 18% from 2005 to 2015, while larger SOFC fuel cell systems (200 kW and above) in the California market are found to have a flat (near-zero) learning rate, and these are attributed to a combination of exogenous, market, and policy factors.« less

Music research with children and youth with disabilities and typically developing peers: a systematic review.

PubMed

Brown, Laura S; Jellison, Judith A

2012-01-01

Systematic reviews of research provide pertinent information to both practitioners and researchers. While there are several recent reviews of music research and children with specific disabilities (primarily autism), there is no current review of music research with children with a wide variety of disabilities. The aim of the current study is to identify and systematically review music research with children and youth published in peer reviewed journals for the years 1999 through 2009. Research questions focused on participant characteristics; research purposes, methodologies, and findings; as well as the presence of ideas from special education policies, and practices. We also asked how results have changed from those from an earlier review (Jellison, 2000). Using computer and hand-searches, we identified 45 articles that met our criteria for inclusion. Once identified, through a process of consensus we analyzed articles based on criteria, categories, and codes used in the earlier review. Additionally we analyzed measurement instruments and effectiveness of interventions as reported by the authors. Primary findings show a large majority of studies were experimental with most reporting effective or partially effective interventions, particularly for social variables. Compared to the earlier review, increases were found for participants with autism and for reports including ideas from special education. Percentages of articles measuring generalization and examining high-incident disability populations (specific learning disabilities) were low. The findings from this review and comparisons to the earlier review reveal important implications for practices with children with autism and preparation of researchers to design and conduct studies in inclusive music settings.

A new method for predicting response in complex linear systems. II. [under random or deterministic steady state excitation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bogdanoff, J. L.; Kayser, K.; Krieger, W.

1977-01-01

The paper describes convergence and response studies in the low frequency range of complex systems, particularly with low values of damping of different distributions, and reports on the modification of the relaxation procedure required under these conditions. A new method is presented for response estimation in complex lumped parameter linear systems under random or deterministic steady state excitation. The essence of the method is the use of relaxation procedures with a suitable error function to find the estimated response; natural frequencies and normal modes are not computed. For a 45 degree of freedom system, and two relaxation procedures, convergence studies and frequency response estimates were performed. The low frequency studies are considered in the framework of earlier studies (Kayser and Bogdanoff, 1975) involving the mid to high frequency range.

Exotic phases of frustrated antiferromagnet LiCu2O2

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bush, A. A.; Büttgen, N.; Gippius, A. A.; Horvatić, M.; Jeong, M.; Kraetschmer, W.; Marchenko, V. I.; Sakhratov, Yu. A.; Svistov, L. E.

2018-02-01

7Li NMR spectra were measured in a magnetic field up to 17 T at temperatures 5-30 K on single crystalline LiCu2O2 . Earlier reported anomalies on magnetization curves correspond to magnetic field values where we observe changes of the NMR spectral shape. For the interpretation of the field and temperature evolutions of our NMR spectra, the magnetic structures were analyzed in the frame of the phenomenological theoretical approach of the Dzyaloshinskii-Landau theory. A set of possible planar and collinear structures was obtained. Most of these structures have an unusual configuration; they are characterized by a two-component order parameter and their magnetic moments vary harmonically not only in direction, but also in size. From the modeling of the observed spectra, a possible scenario of magnetic structure transformations is obtained.

Quicker, faster, darker: Changes in Hollywood film over 75 years

PubMed Central

Cutting, James E; Brunick, Kaitlin L; DeLong, Jordan E; Iricinschi, Catalina; Candan, Ayse

2011-01-01

We measured 160 English-language films released from 1935 to 2010 and found four changes. First, shot lengths have gotten shorter, a trend also reported by others. Second, contemporary films have more motion and movement than earlier films. Third, in contemporary films shorter shots also have proportionately more motion than longer shots, whereas there is no such relation in older films. And finally films have gotten darker. That is, the mean luminance value of frames across the length of a film has decreased over time. We discuss psychological effects associated with these four changes and suggest that all four linear trends have a single cause: Filmmakers have incrementally tried to exercise more control over the attention of filmgoers. We suggest these changes are signatures of the evolution of popular film; they do not reflect changes in film style. PMID:23145246

The Pulsational Nature of R-Coronae - Light and Radial Velocity Variations during 1990 and 1991

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fernie, J. D.; Lawson, W. A.

1993-12-01

We report photometry and radial velocities of the R Coronae Borealis (RCB) star R CrB, obtained during 1991. We compare these observations with published photometry obtained during 1990 and velocities obtained during 1990 and 1991, and analyse these data using Fourier techniques. In line with the conclusions of earlier analyses, the pulsational nature of R CrB is difficult to quantify, particularly on timescales of longer than a yea The 1990 data are possibly consistent with the presence of a 43-d radial pulsation mode. During 1991 there was some evidence for a periodicity near this value in the radial velocities, but not in the photometric data. Additional data are desirable to investigate the possible presence of one or more periodicities in the light and radial velocity curves.

Teaching of Inductive and Capacitive Reactance.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

MacInnes, I.; Jeffrey, W. S.

1983-01-01

Discusses how understanding mechanical systems and their graphic representation can be of value when teaching inductive and capacitive reactance, in particular, the response of inductors and capacitors to an alternating potential difference. Suggests that mechanical systems be taught, not just before introducing reactance but earlier in the…

Personal Characteristics Important in Mate Preference among College Students.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hoyt, Les Leanne; Hudson, John W.

1981-01-01

Compared college students' values in mate selection held today with those of earlier generations. Responses to a questionnaire (N=316) reflected changes in sex roles, influence of the mass media, increased idealization of romantic love, and current social and economic conditions. (Author/RC)

POPULATION HEALTH AND THE RISE OF CONSUMERISM.

PubMed

2015-09-01

Earlier this summer, we convened a panel of health care executives and industry experts to consider how hospitals can balance the demands of high-value, more efficient care with the emergence of the savvy health care consumer. Their insights and words of advice are eye-opening.

An Open Letter to Dr. Keith Swigger Regarding His Piece in "School Library Journal", October 1999.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Eisenberg, Michael B.

2000-01-01

Responds to an earlier article regarding school librarians. Topics include professionalization through education and certification programs; the mission statement for library media programs; instruction and training roles; service versus instruction; and the value of information skills. (LRW)

Direct Regularized Estimation of Retinal Vascular Oxygen Tension Based on an Experimental Model

PubMed Central

Yildirim, Isa; Ansari, Rashid; Yetik, I. Samil; Shahidi, Mahnaz

2014-01-01

Phosphorescence lifetime imaging is commonly used to generate oxygen tension maps of retinal blood vessels by classical least squares (LS) estimation method. A spatial regularization method was later proposed and provided improved results. However, both methods obtain oxygen tension values from the estimates of intermediate variables, and do not yield an optimum estimate of oxygen tension values, due to their nonlinear dependence on the ratio of intermediate variables. In this paper, we provide an improved solution by devising a regularized direct least squares (RDLS) method that exploits available knowledge in studies that provide models of oxygen tension in retinal arteries and veins, unlike the earlier regularized LS approach where knowledge about intermediate variables is limited. The performance of the proposed RDLS method is evaluated by investigating and comparing the bias, variance, oxygen tension maps, 1-D profiles of arterial oxygen tension, and mean absolute error with those of earlier methods, and its superior performance both quantitatively and qualitatively is demonstrated. PMID:23732915

RAMP: a computer system for mapping regional areas

Treesearch

Bradley B. Nickey

1975-01-01

Until 1972, the U.S. Forest Service's Individual Fire Reports recorded locations by the section-township-range system..These earlier fire reports, therefore, lacked congruent locations. RAMP (Regional Area Mapping Procedure) was designed to make the reports more useful for quantitative analysis. This computer-based technique converts locations expressed in...

Behavior of total tropospheric ozone, nitrogen oxide and carbon monoxide column over western Indian region by exploring space based satellite observations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vyas, B. M.; Saxena, Abhishek; Shekhawat, M. S.

2018-05-01

Monthly, seasonal and annual variation of major atmospheric pollutant levels, such as Total Tropospheric Ozone (TO), Total NO2 columnar content (TNO2) and Total CO columnar content (TCO) have been presented first time for eleven district sites of Rajasthan state located in the western tropical Indian region. The study is based on collection of above air pollutant data retrieved from space based satellite measurements by exploring OMI and MOPITT data for a three year period from Jan 2009 to December 2012. A clear, distinct seasonal dependence in TO, TCO and TNO2 column content values have been noticed all over selected measuring location. The maximum average seasonal TO is observed in pre-monsoon and their minimum value in the monsoon months. However, in TCO and TNO2 case, the highest TCO and TNO2 level is seen rather in the winter and their respective lowest value in monsoon season. Thus, their seasonal variability of TNO2 and TCO in their ranges have been systematically found to be reduced and obeyed the following descending order, i.e., winter> post-monsoon> pre-monsoon> monsoon seasons. As far as concerned with their annual values, the observed values of all considered atmospheric pollutants are almost found in the same levels with slight discrepancies over their lower air pollutant levels recorded in hot, arid, rural as compared to the prevailing elevated value at urban region. The more detail investigation of comparison of present observations with earlier reported similar studies over other Indian regions and their possible explanation is also discussed.

Surgical Strategies for Management of Mitral Regurgitation: Recent Evidence from Randomized Controlled Trials.

PubMed

Tolis, George; Sundt, Thoralf M

2015-12-01

In contrast to mitral regurgitation (MR) caused by structural abnormality of the valve ("primary" MR), about which there is increasing consensus regarding treatment, there is increasing controversy around the management of functional or "secondary" MR, of which "ischemic mitral regurgitation" (IMR) is a common cause. While the trend in the management of primary MR is increasingly aggressive, with wide agreement on the preference for repair over replacement such that debate centers on earlier and earlier repair even among asymptomatic patients, the situation is reversed in the setting of secondary MR with uncertainly beyond the mode of management (repair or replacement) to the value of intervening at all. This is, in part, because the term IMR has been somewhat loosely applied by the medical and surgical communities to include regurgitation secondary to active myocardial ischemia, as well as that resulting from a completed myocardial infarct. As a result, there is considerable variability in reported outcomes of surgical interventions for IMR. In addition, the natural history of IMR is quite adverse-more so than that of many solid organ malignancies-and its surgical treatment has traditionally carried a higher operative mortality than many cardiac surgical procedures, including similar operations for primary MR and incidental coronary artery disease. Added to this, with recent advances in both the medical and surgical treatment of heart failure improving nonoperative outcomes and simultaneously reducing operative risk compared to reports from previous decades, the landscape has been quite dynamic. Here, we review the issues surrounding surgical treatment for IMR, along with available evidence supporting different approaches, to lend an informed perspective on the divergent opinions among experts in this field and guide the appropriate management of the individual patient.

Design, dissemination, and evaluation of an advanced communication elective at seven U.S. medical schools.

PubMed

Mauksch, Larry; Farber, Stuart; Greer, H Thomas

2013-06-01

To test educational methods that continue communication training into the fourth year of medical school. The authors disseminated and evaluated an advanced communication elective in seven U.S. medical schools between 2007 and 2009; a total of 9 faculty and 22 fourth-year students participated. The elective emphasized peer learning, practice with real patients, direct observation, and applications of video technology. The authors used qualitative and quantitative survey methods and video review to evaluate the experience of students and faculty. Students reported that the elective was better than most medical school clerkships they had experienced. Their self-confidence in time management and in the use of nine communication skills improved significantly. The most valued course components were video review, repeated practice with real patients, and peer observation. Analysis of student videos with real patients and in role-plays showed that some skills (e.g., agenda setting, understanding the patient perspective) were more frequently demonstrated than others (e.g., exploring family and cultural values, communication while using the electronic health record). Faculty highly valued this learner-centered model and reported that their self-awareness and communication skills grew as teachers and as clinicians. Learner-centered methods such as peer observation and video review and editing may strengthen communication training and reinforce skills introduced earlier in medical education. The course design may counteract a "hidden curriculum" that devalues respectful interactions with trainees and patients. Future research should assess the impact of course elements on skill retention, attitudes for lifelong learning, and patients' health outcomes.

Weather information integration in transportation management center (TMC) operations.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-01-02

This report presents the results of the third phase of an on-going FHWA study on weather integration in Transportation Management Center (TMC) operations. The report briefly describes the earlier phases of the integration study, summarizes the findin...

Some facts and opinions about specifications for asphalt cement.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1980-01-01

This is a synthesis of information drawn from published reports as well as unpublished memoranda and committee reports available to the author because of his earlier involvement in the development of specifications for asphalt in the American Associa...

Osteosclerosis (punctate form) in multiple myeloma.

PubMed

Shin, M S; Mowry, R W; Bodie, F L

1979-02-01

Generalized punctate and nodular osteosclerosis associated with multiple myeloma is reported with review of the literature and differential diagnoses. This patient differs from some others reported earlier in the absence of any recognized osteolytic lesions either during life or at autopsy.

Substance Dependence among those without symptoms of Substance Abuse in the World Mental Health Survey

PubMed Central

Lago, Luise; Glantz, Meyer; Kessler, Ronald C.; Sampson, Nancy; Al-Hamzawi, Ali; Florescu, Silvia; Moskalewicz, Jacek; Murphy, Sam; Navarro-Mateu, Fernando; de Galvis, Yolanda Torres; Viana, Maria Carmen; Xavier, Miguel; Degenhardt, Louisa

2017-01-01

The WHO World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative uses the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) for data collection and operationalizes diagnoses using DSM-IV criteria. The first 13 WMH surveys used CIDI version 3.0, which only assessed substance dependence among respondents with a history of substance abuse, while subsequent surveys also assessed substance dependence without symptoms of abuse. The aim of the current report is to compare results across the two sets of surveys to assess the implications of the revised skip logic and develop an imputation model for missing values of lifetime dependence without symptoms of abuse in the earlier surveys. Prevalence of lifetime dependence without symptoms of abuse was low in the second set of WMH surveys (0.3% for alcohol and 0.2% for drugs). Regression-based imputation models were built in random half-samples of the new surveys and validated in the other half-samples. There were minimal difference in the distributions of imputed and reported cases in the validation dataset for important correlates such as age, gender and quantity though higher numbers of additional mental disorders and number of days out of role were found in the imputed than reported cases. Concordance between imputed and observed estimates of total lifetime dependence in the full sample was high both for alcohol dependence (sensitivity 88.0%, specificity 99.8%, TCA 99.5% and AUC 0.94) and drug dependence (sensitivity 100.0%, specificity 99.8%, TCA 99.8% and AUC 1.00). This study provides cross-national evidence of the degree to which each of lifetime alcohol dependence and lifetime drug dependence occur without symptoms of abuse. Additionally imputation of substance dependence without symptoms of abuse in the earlier WMH surveys will result in improved estimates of lifetime prevalence for comparison with other epidemiological studies both cross-nationally and over time. PMID:28211594

ATP-sensitive K/sup +/ channels that are blocked by hypoglycemia-inducing sulfonylureas in insulin-secreting cells are activated by galanin, a hyperglycemia-inducing hormone

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

de Weille, J.; Schmid-Antomarchi, H.; Fosset, M.

1988-02-01

The action of the hyperglycemia-inducing hormone galanin, a 29-amino acid peptide names from its N-terminal glycine and C-terminal amidated alanine, was studied in rat insulinoma (RINm5F) cells using electrophysiological and /sup 86/Rb/sup +/ flux techniques. Galanin hyperpolarizes and reduces spontaneous electrical activity by activating a population of APT-sensitive K/sup +/ channels with a single-channel conductance of 30 pS (at -60 mV). Galanin-induced hyperpolarization and reduction of spike activity are reversed by the hypoglycemia-inducing sulfonylurea glibenclamine. Glibenclamide blocks the galanin-activated ATP-sensitive K/sup +/ channel. /sup 86/Rb/sup +/ efflux from insulinoma cells is stimulated by galanin in a dose-dependent manner. The half-maximummore » value of activation is found at 1.6 nM. Galanin-induced /sup 86/Rb/sup +/ efflux is abolished by glibenclamide. The half-maximum value of inhibition is found at 0.3 nM, which is close to the half-maximum value of inhibition of the ATP-dependent K/sup +/ channel reported earlier. /sup 86/Rb/sup +/ efflux studies confirm the electrophysiological demonstration that galanin activates and ATP-dependent K/sup +/ channel.« less

Influence of fused aromatic ring on the stability of charge transfer complex between iodine and some five membered heterocyclic molecules through ultrasonic and spectral studies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ulagendran, V.; Balu, P.; Kannappan, V.; Kumar, R.; Jayakumar, S.

2017-08-01

The charge transfer (CT) interaction between two fused heterocyclic compounds with basic pyrrole group as donors, viz., indole (IND) and carbazole (CAR), and iodine (acceptor) in DMSO medium is investigated by ultrasonic and UV-visible spectral methods at 303 K. The formation of CT complex in these systems is established from the trend in acoustical and excess thermo acoustical properties with molar concentration. The frequency acoustic spectra (FAS) is also carried out on these two systems for two fixed concentrations 0.002 M and 0.02 M, and in the frequency range 1 MHz-10 MHz to justify the frequency chosen for ultrasonic study. The absorption coefficient values in solution are computed and discussed. The formation constants of these complexes are determined using Kannappan equation in ultrasonic method. The formation of 1:1 complexes between iodine and IND, CAR was established by the theory of Benesi - Hildebrand in the UV-visible spectroscopic method. The stability constants of the CT complexes determined by spectroscopic and ultrasonic methods show a similar trend. These values also indicate that the presence of fused aromatic ring influences significantly when compared with K values of similar CT complexes of parent five membered heterocyclic compound (pyrrole) reported by us earlier.

Triprotic site-specific acid-base equilibria and related properties of fluoroquinolone antibacterials.

PubMed

Rusu, Aura; Tóth, Gergő; Szőcs, Levente; Kökösi, József; Kraszni, Márta; Gyéresi, Árpád; Noszál, Béla

2012-07-01

The complete macro- and microequilibrium analyses of six fluoroquinolone drugs - ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, norfloxacin, pefloxacin, ofloxacin and moxifloxacin - are presented. Previous controversial literature data are straightened up, the protonation centers are unambiguously identified, and the protonation macro- and microconstant values are reported. The macroconstants were determined by (1)H NMR-pH titrations while the microconstants were determined by a multi-modal spectroscopic-deductive methodology, in which methyl ester derivatives were synthesized and their NMR-pH titration data contributed to the evaluation of all the microconstants. The full (1)H, (13)C and (15)N NMR assignments, NMR-pH profiles, macro- and microprotonation schemes and species-specific diagrams are included. Our studies show that the fluoroquinolones have three protonation centers: the carboxylate group, the N-1' and N-4' piperazine nitrogens and concentration of the uncharged microspecies is way below the values published earlier. The results could be well interpreted in terms of structural properties. The protonation macro- and microconstant values allow the pre-planned method development in techniques such as capillary zone electrophoresis and also, the interpretation of fluoroquinolone mechanism of biological action, including the pharmacokinetic properties, and antibacterial activities that are all heavily influenced by the states of protonation. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Hydrogen Production in Radioactive Solutions in the Defense Waste Processing Facility

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

CRAWFORD, CHARLES L.

2004-05-26

In the radioactive slurries and solutions to be processed in the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF), hydrogen will be produced continuously by radiolysis. This production results from alpha, beta, and gamma rays from decay of radionuclides in the slurries and solutions interacting with the water. More than 1000 research reports have published data concerning this radiolytic production. The results of these studies have been reviewed in a comprehensive monograph. Information about radiolytic hydrogen production from the different process tanks is necessary to determine air purge rates necessary to prevent flammable mixtures from accumulating in the vapor spaces above these tanks.more » Radiolytic hydrogen production rates are usually presented in terms of G values or molecules of hydrogen produced per 100ev of radioactive decay energy absorbed by the slurry or solution. With the G value for hydrogen production, G(H2), for a particular slurry and the concentrations of radioactive species in that slurry, the rate of H2 production for that slurry can be calculated. An earlier investigation estimated that the maximum rate that hydrogen could be produced from the sludge slurry stream to the DWPF is with a G value of 0.45 molecules per 100ev of radioactive decay energy sorbed by the slurry.« less

Childhood hair product use and earlier age at menarche in a racially diverse study population: a pilot study.

PubMed

James-Todd, Tamarra; Terry, Mary Beth; Rich-Edwards, Janet; Deierlein, Andrea; Senie, Ruby

2011-06-01

Previous studies suggest that hair products containing endocrine disrupting chemicals could alter puberty. We evaluated the association between childhood hair product use and age at menarche in a racially diverse study population. We recruited 300 African-American, African-Caribbean, Hispanic, and white women from the New York City metropolitan area who were between 18-77 years of age. Data were collected retrospectively on hair oil, lotion, leave-in conditioner, perm, and other types of hair products used before age 13. Recalled age at menarche ranged from 8 to 19 years. We used multivariable binomial regression to evaluate the association between hair product use and age at menarche (<12 vs. ≥12), adjusting for potential confounders. African-Americans were more likely to use hair products and reached menarche earlier than other racial/ethnic groups. Women reporting childhood hair oil use had a risk ratio of 1.4 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1-1.9) for earlier menarche, adjusting for race/ethnicity and year of birth. Hair perm users had an increased risk for earlier menarche (adjusted risk ratio = 1.4, 95% CI: 1.1-1.8). Other types of hair products assessed in this study were not associated with earlier menarche. Childhood hair oil and perm use were associated with earlier menarche. If replicated, these results suggest that hair product use may be important to measure in evaluating earlier age at menarche. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Patient Care Physician Supply and Requirements: Testing COGME Recommendations. Council on Graduate Medical Education, Eighth Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Council on Graduate Medical Education.

This report reassesses recommendations made by the Council on Graduate Medical Education in earlier reports which had, beginning in 1992, addressed the problems of physician oversupply. In this report physician supply and requirements are examined in the context of a health care system increasingly dominated by managed care. Patterns of physician…

Measuring Up 2002: The State-By-State Report Card for Higher Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Center for Public Policy and Higher Education, CA.

This report is the second in a series of biennial, state-by-state 50-state report cards. As in the earlier report, state higher education systems are evaluated, compared, and graded in five categories of performance: preparation, participation, affordability, completion, and benefits. All states are given an "incomplete" in the sixth category,…

Women and men in love: who really feels it and says it first?

PubMed

Harrison, Marissa A; Shortall, Jennifer C

2011-01-01

A widely held belief exists that women are more romantic and tend to fall in love faster than men. Responses from 172 college students indicated that although both men and women believe that women will fall in love and say "I love you" first in a relationship, men reported falling in love earlier and expressing it earlier than women reported. Analyses also showed no sex differences in attitudinal responses to items about love and romance. These results indicate that women may not be the greater "fools for love" that society assumes and are consistent with the notion that a pragmatic and cautious view of love has adaptive significance for women.

Search for new phenomena in events with a photon and missing transverse momentum in pp collisions at $$ \\sqrt{s}=13 $$ TeV with the ATLAS detector

DOE PAGES

Aaboud, M.; Aad, G.; Abbott, B.; ...

2016-06-09

Results of a search for new phenomena in events with an energetic photon and large missing transverse momentum with the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider are reported. The data were collected in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 3.2 fb -1. The observed data are in agreement with the Standard Model expectations. Exclusion limits are presented in models of new phenomena including pair production of dark matter candidates or large extra spatial dimensions. In a simplified model of dark matter and an axial-vector mediator, the search excludes mediatormore » masses below 710 GeV for dark matter candidate masses below 150 GeV. In an effective theory of dark matter production, values of the suppression scale M * up to 570 GeV are excluded and the effect of truncation for various coupling values is reported. Finally, for the ADD large extra spatial dimension model the search places more stringent limits than earlier searches in the same event topology, excluding M D up to about 2.3 (2.8) TeV for two (six) additional spatial dimensions; the limits are reduced by 20-40% depending on the number of additional spatial dimensions when applying a truncation procedure.« less

Fluconazole and its interaction with metal (II) complexes: SEM, Spectroscopic and antifungal studies.

PubMed

Ali, Mohsin; Ahmed, Mansoor; Ahmed, Shakil; Ali, Syed Imran; Perveen, Samina; Mumtaz, Majid; Haider, Syed Moazzam; Nazim, Urooj

2017-01-01

The human digestive tract contains some 100 trillion cells and thousands of species of micro-organisms may be present as normal flora of this tract as well as other mucocutaneous junctions of the body. Candida specie is the most common organism residing in these areas and can easily invade the internal tissues in cases of loss of host defenses. Modifications of previously existing antifungal agents may provide new options to fight against these species. Inorganic compounds of different antifungals are under investigations. Present study report six complexes of fluconazole with Cu (II)), Fe(II), Cd(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Mn(II) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV and H-NMR. The elemental analysis and spectroscopic data were found in agreement with the expected values as the metal to ligand value was 1:2 ratios with two chlorides in coordination sphere. The morphology of each complex was studied using scanning electron microscope and compared with fluconazole molecule the flaky-slab rock like particles of pure fluconazole was also observed as reported earlier. However, the complexes of fluconazole were showed different morphology in their micrograph. Fluconazole and its complex derivatives have also been screened in vitro for their antifungal activity against Candida albican and Aspergillus niger by MIC method. The complexes showed varied activity ranging from 2-20%.

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 79

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Singh, Balraj

2016-07-15

Nuclear spectroscopic information for known nuclides of mass number 79 (Ni,Cu,Zn,Ga,Ge,As,Se,Br,Kr,Rb, Sr,Y,Zr) has been evaluated and presented together with adopted energies, Jπ, and decay modes of levels in these nuclei. No data are yet available for excited states in {sup 79}Ni, {sup 79}Cu and {sup 79}Zr. The half–life of {sup 79}Se, a nuclide of importance in reactor–irradiated fuel composition has been measured by several independent groups and reported in a number of publications after 1995, and seems to be converging to a narrow margin of experimental values. These measurements were likely prompted by a recommendation made in the 1993 updatemore » of A = 79 nuclides (1993Si28), that since a 1949PaZZ report, there had been no measurement until 1993, and that based on simulation studies by 1993HeZW, the value listed in 1949PaZZ, and cited in all data tables and charts for 44 years, was quite likely in error, being too low by a factor of 10. According to conclusions in recent papers such as 2014Do20, there is still room for improvement in the measurement of this half–life, and further experiments are expected. This evaluation supersedes earlier Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 79 (2002Si13,1993Si28, 1982Si21,1975Ur03).« less

Progress in Noise Thermometry at 505 K and 693 K Using Quantized Voltage Noise Ratio Spectra

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tew, W. L.; Benz, S. P.; Dresselhaus, P. D.; Coakley, K. J.; Rogalla, H.; White, D. R.; Labenski, J. R.

2010-09-01

Technical advances and new results in noise thermometry at temperatures near the tin freezing point and the zinc freezing point using a quantized voltage noise source (QVNS) are reported. The temperatures are derived by comparing the power spectral density of QVNS synthesized noise with that of Johnson noise from a known resistance at both 505 K and 693 K. Reference noise is digitally synthesized so that the average power spectra of the QVNS match those of the thermal noise, resulting in ratios of power spectra close to unity in the low-frequency limit. Three-parameter models are used to account for differences in impedance-related time constants in the spectra. Direct comparison of noise temperatures to the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90) is achieved in a comparison furnace with standard platinum resistance thermometers. The observed noise temperatures determined by operating the noise thermometer in both absolute and relative modes, and related statistics together with estimated uncertainties are reported. The relative noise thermometry results are combined with results from other thermodynamic determinations at temperatures near the tin freezing point to calculate a value of T - T 90 = +4(18) mK for temperatures near the zinc freezing point. These latest results achieve a lower uncertainty than that of our earlier efforts. The present value of T - T 90 is compared to other published determinations from noise thermometry and other methods.

Characteristics of adolescents who intervene to stop the risky and dangerous behavior of their friends.

PubMed

Buckley, Lisa; Chapman, Rebekah L

2016-03-01

Adolescents value protecting friends from harm and report that they do intervene as bystanders in friends' risky and dangerous behavior. Moreover intervention can be effective in reducing such behaviors. The Protection-Risk Framework was used to explain bystander intervention. There were 962 students from 13 Australian high schools (mean age at time 1=13.44 years) surveyed in their 9th grade and again 1-year later when students were in 10th grade. We found that protective factors of self-efficacy, support, prosocial models, social control, and ease of opportunity related to greater intervening behavior after 12-months. Among those who reported that they had intervened in a 3-month period, a cumulative measure of protective factors was associated with their reports of intervening. Risk factors were non-significant predictors after accounting for earlier, time 1, bystander intervening behavior and demographic factors. The findings highlight potential mechanisms to promote adolescents' looking out for their friends and provide an assessment over time of bystander behavior. The theory-guided inquiry into such behavior provides a foundation on which to better develop our understanding of benefits to adolescent friendship in the injury field. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Enhancing Specific Energy and Power in Asymmetric Supercapacitors - A Synergetic Strategy based on the Use of Redox Additive Electrolytes

PubMed Central

Singh, Arvinder; Chandra, Amreesh

2016-01-01

The strategy of using redox additive electrolyte in combination with multiwall carbon nanotubes/metal oxide composites leads to a substantial improvements in the specific energy and power of asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs). When the pure electrolyte is optimally modified with a redox additive viz., KI, ~105% increase in the specific energy is obtained with good cyclic stability over 3,000 charge-discharge cycles and ~14.7% capacitance fade. This increase is a direct consequence of the iodine/iodide redox pairs that strongly modifies the faradaic and non-faradaic type reactions occurring on the surface of the electrodes. Contrary to what is shown in few earlier reports, it is established that indiscriminate increase in the concentration of redox additives will leads to performance loss. Suitable explanations are given based on theoretical laws. The specific energy or power values being reported in the fabricated ASCs are comparable or higher than those reported in ASCs based on toxic acetonitrile or expensive ionic liquids. The paper shows that the use of redox additive is economically favorable strategy for obtaining cost effective and environmentally friendly ASCs. PMID:27184260

All-solution-processed, multilayered CuInS₂/ZnS colloidal quantum-dot-based electroluminescent device.

PubMed

Kim, Jong-Hoon; Yang, Heesun

2014-09-01

While significant progress of electroluminescent (EL) quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QD-LEDs) that rely exclusively on Cd-containing II-VI quantum dots (QDs) has been reported over the past two decades with respect to device processing and performance, devices based on non-Cd QDs as an active emissive layer (EML) remain at the early stage of development. In this work, utilizing highly luminescent colloidal CuInS2 (CIS)/ZnS QDs, all-solution-processed multilayered QD-LEDs are fabricated by sequentially spin depositing a hole transport layer of poly(9-vinlycarbazole), an EML of CIS/ZnS QDs, and an electron transport layer of ZnO nanoparticles. Our focus in device fabrication is to vary the thickness of the QD EML, which is one of the primary determinants in EL performance but has not been addressed in earlier reports. The device with an optimal EML thickness exhibits a peak luminance of 1564  cd/m2 and current efficiency of 2.52  cd/A. This record value in efficiency is higher by 3-4 times that of CIS QD-LEDs reported previously.

An analysis of the value of Texas seaports in an environment of increasing global trade.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-01-01

This study undertook an economic impact exercise for all Texas ports, updated a similar study done a decade : earlier, and so assisted TxDOT with incorporating the most recent marine port impacts into their state : transportation planning. The study ...

Historians and the Suburbs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Marsh, Margaret

1990-01-01

Reviews suburbanization of United States, created by assembly line construction, wartime housing shortages, and federal mortgage subsidies. States earlier scholars viewed suburban migration as a solution to urban overcrowding, whereas later scholars examined suburbs as symbolic of U.S. values and conformity, insulated from problems of U.S. cities.…

Validating genomic reliabilities and gains from phenotypic updates

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Reliability can be validated from the variance of the difference of earlier and later estimated breeding values as a fraction of the genetic variance. This new method avoids using squared correlations that can be biased downward by selection. Published genomic reliabilities of U.S. young bulls agree...

Osteogenesis imperfecta with right renal artery occlusion

PubMed Central

Vaish, Arvind Kumar; Kumar, Nitin; Jain, Nirdesh; Agarwal, Abhishek

2012-01-01

We here report a case of osteogenesis imperfecta who presented with severe hypertension and left ventricular failure and had right renal artery occlusion. The case is very interesting as renal artery occlusion has not been reported earlier in osteogenesis imperfecta. PMID:22962392

Spatial and Temporal Variation in Primary Productivity (NDVI) of Coastal Alaskan Tundra: Decreased Vegetation Growth Following Earlier Snowmelt

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gamon, John A.; Huemmrich, K. Fred; Stone, Robert S.; Tweedie, Craig E.

2015-01-01

In the Arctic, earlier snowmelt and longer growing seasons due to warming have been hypothesized to increase vegetation productivity. Using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from both field and satellite measurements as an indicator of vegetation phenology and productivity, we monitored spatial and temporal patterns of vegetation growth for a coastal wet sedge tundra site near Barrow, Alaska over three growing seasons (2000-2002). Contrary to expectation, earlier snowmelt did not lead to increased productivity. Instead, productivity was associated primarily with precipitation and soil moisture, and secondarily with growing degree days, which, during this period, led to reduced growth in years with earlier snowmelt. Additional moisture effects on productivity and species distribution, operating over a longer time scale, were evident in spatial NDVI patterns associated with microtopography. Lower, wetter regions dominated by graminoids were more productive than higher, drier locations having a higher percentage of lichens and mosses, despite the earlier snowmelt at the more elevated sites. These results call into question the oft-stated hypothesis that earlier arctic growing seasons will lead to greater vegetation productivity. Rather, they agree with an emerging body of evidence from recent field studies indicating that early-season, local environmental conditions, notably moisture and temperature, are primary factors determining arctic vegetation productivity. For this coastal arctic site, early growing season conditions are strongly influenced by microtopography, hydrology, and regional sea ice dynamics, and may not be easily predicted from snowmelt date or seasonal average air temperatures alone. Our comparison of field to satellite NDVI also highlights the value of in-situ monitoring of actual vegetation responses using field optical sampling to obtain detailed information on surface conditions not possible from satellite observations alone.

Do self-reported concussions have cumulative or enduring effects on drivers' anticipation of traffic hazards?

PubMed

Preece, Megan H W; Horswill, Mark S; Ownsworth, Tamara

2016-01-01

To investigate the cumulative effect of multiple self-reported concussions and the enduring effect of concussion on drivers' hazard perception ability. It was hypothesized: (1) that individuals reporting multiple previous concussions would be slower to anticipate traffic hazards than individuals reporting either one previous concussion or none; and (2) that individuals reporting a concussion within the past 3 months would be slower to anticipate traffic hazards than individuals reporting either an earlier concussion or no prior concussion. Two hundred and eighty-two predominantly young drivers (nconcussed = 68, Mage = 21.57 years, SDage = 6.99 years, 66% female) completed a validated hazard perception test (HPT) and measures of emotional, cognitive, health and driving status. A one-way analysis of variance showed that there was no significant effect of concussion number on HPT response times. Similarly, pairwise comparisons showed no significant differences between the HPT response times of individuals reporting a concussion within the previous 3 months, individuals reporting an earlier concussion and the never concussed group. The findings suggest that previous concussions do not adversely affect young drivers' ability to anticipate traffic hazards; however, due to reliance on self-reports of concussion history, further prospective longitudinal research is needed.

The effect of N2/+/ recombination on the aeronomic determination of the charge exchange rate coefficient of O/+//2D/ with N2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Torr, D. G.; Orsini, N.

1978-01-01

The Atmosphere Explorer (AE) data are reexamined in the light of new laboratory measurements of the N2(+) recombination rate coefficient alpha. The new measurements support earlier measurements which yielded values of alpha significantly lower than the AE values. It is found that the values for alpha determined from the satellite data can be reconciled with the laboratory measurements, if the charge exchange rate coefficient for O(+)(2D) with N2 is less than one-quarter of that derived in the laboratory by Rutherford and Vroom (1971).

New Jersey's Segregated Schools: Trends and Paths Forward

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Orfield, Gary; Ee, Jongyeon; Coughlan, Ryan

2017-01-01

This report updates earlier research published by the Civil Rights Project in 2013. That report detailed troubling racial and economic segregation trends and patterns from 1989-2010. The latest report includes new data from 2010-2015. The research updates public school enrollment trends and details segregation in the state's schools by race and…

Investigating Preschool Education and Care in South Africa.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Van Den Berg, Owen C.; Vergnani, Tania

Recognizing the complexities of apartheid with its implications for conducting systems-related research within the vortex of South Africa, a study investigated the implementation of a national system of preschool provision for South Africa. The investigation began by studying two earlier reports: the Reilly-Hofmeyr report of 1983 and the report of…

Entrepreneurship Education at School in Europe. Eurydice Report

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bourgeois, Ania; Balcon, Marie-Pascale; Riiheläinen, Jari Matti

2016-01-01

Entrepreneurship education is essential not only to shape the mind-sets of young people but also to provide the skills, knowledge and attitudes that are central to developing an entrepreneurial culture. This report captures all the latest developments in this regard in European countries, following earlier Eurydice reports (2006, 2012). It covers…

Interstitial water studies on small core samples, Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 6

USGS Publications Warehouse

Manheim, F. T.; Sayles, F.L.

1971-01-01

Sediments from Leg 6 sites, west of the Hawaiian Islands, consisted primarily of various combinations of deep-sea biogenic oozes, volcanic ash, and its breakdown products. Pore fluids from most of the sites were similar in composition to present day ocean water, and in some sties almost identical. However, interstitial fluids from Site 53 (Philippine Sea) showed changes in ionic composition which were beyond those previously considered attributable to diagenetic influence. These samples show the beginnings of metamorphism by dramatic increases in calcium concentrations and corresponding decreases in alkali concentrations. Analytical methods were similar to those outlined in previous Leg Reports. However, obvious contamination of aliquots for sodium determination in the laboratory made it necessary to determine all sodium values by difference between anion and cation balances. These values are, if anything, more accurate than direct determinations which have been discussed in earlier legs. However, the authors will continue to analyze sodium directly, and in the future they may be able to improve the precision of the determinations to the point where small losses and gains of sodium in the pore fluids may be established accurately. Agreement between colorimetric and spectrometric determinations of silicon has improved, but there are still occasional marked differences for which the writers have no explanation. T. Takahashi has allowed the authors to compare total Carbon Dioxide (CO2) measurements from his laboratory with their alkalinity determinations: both sets of data were obtained from fluids from the same squeezings of sediments and should give similar values at the indicated pH levels. Some disturbingly large discrepancies in the two sets of data are evident. The authors do not think that their back-titration alkalinity technique alone is responsible for the differences. However, they have not evaluated the possible influence of the heat-sealed polyethylene pipes on the alkalinity values; this should be considered a potential source of error. The pH data from water samples processed and measured on shipboard are reported here. In view of the major changes in pressure and temperature (laboratory temperatures were reported to be 26 to 28°C) and the sediments to new gaseous regimes prior to pH measurement, these values should be interpreted mainly as applying to the squeezed effluents, not to in situ values.

A scale space feature based registration technique for fusion of satellite imagery

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Raghavan, Srini; Cromp, Robert F.; Campbell, William C.

1997-01-01

Feature based registration is one of the most reliable methods to register multi-sensor images (both active and passive imagery) since features are often more reliable than intensity or radiometric values. The only situation where a feature based approach will fail is when the scene is completely homogenous or densely textural in which case a combination of feature and intensity based methods may yield better results. In this paper, we present some preliminary results of testing our scale space feature based registration technique, a modified version of feature based method developed earlier for classification of multi-sensor imagery. The proposed approach removes the sensitivity in parameter selection experienced in the earlier version as explained later.

Difficulties in detecting behavioral symptoms of frontotemporal lobar degeneration across cultures

PubMed Central

Papatriantafyllou, J. D.; Viskontas, I. V.; Papageorgiou, S.G.; Miller, B. L.; Pavlic, D.; Bingol, A.; Yener, G.

2009-01-01

Cross-cultural studies of neurodegenerative disorders are especially important when the disease in question is difficult to diagnose, particularly if symptoms of the illness include behavioral disturbances that may be interpreted differently in different cultures. One such disease is frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), an early-age-of-onset dementia that disproportionately affects social behavior. We report the demographic and neuropsychological characteristics of more than 300 patients diagnosed with FTLD in the United States (US), Greece and Turkey. We find that patients with the frontal variant of FTLD (FTD) are diagnosed at an earlier age and report earlier symptom onset in the US, than in Greece or Turkey. Furthermore, neuropsychological measures indicate that at diagnosis, FTD patients in the US are less impaired than patients in Greece and Turkey. Patients with FTD in Greece and Turkey are diagnosed later in the disease, presumably because their behavioral symptoms are not easily detected by the medical system in these countries. Our study underscores the need to create culturally-appropriate indices of the behavioral symptoms of FTLD, so that patients may be diagnosed and treated at an earlier stage. PMID:18695586

Difficulties in detecting behavioral symptoms of frontotemporal lobar degeneration across cultures.

PubMed

Papatriantafyllou, John D; Viskontas, Indre V; Papageorgiou, Sokratis G; Miller, Bruce L; Pavlic, Danijela; Bingol, Ayse; Yener, Gorsev

2009-01-01

Cross-cultural studies of neurodegenerative disorders are especially important when the disease in question is difficult to diagnose, particularly if symptoms of the illness include behavioral disturbances that may be interpreted differently in different cultures. One such disease is frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), an early-age-of-onset dementia that disproportionately affects social behavior. We report the demographic and neuropsychologic characteristics of more than 300 patients diagnosed with FTLD in the United States, Greece, and Turkey. We find that patients with the frontal variant of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are diagnosed at an earlier age and report earlier symptom onset in the United States than in Greece or Turkey. Furthermore, neuropsychologic measures indicate that at diagnosis, FTD patients in the United States are less impaired than patients in Greece and Turkey. Patients with FTD in Greece and Turkey are diagnosed later in the disease, presumably because their behavioral symptoms are not easily detected by the medical system in these countries. Our study underscores the need to create culturally appropriate indices of the behavioral symptoms of FTLD, so that patients may be diagnosed and treated at an earlier stage.

Updated Trends in Materials' Outgassing Technology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rosecrans, Glenn; Mlucciacciaro, Anthony

2010-01-01

This slide presentation reviews the trends in materials' outgassing. The work utilized a database of reports to identify common outgassing chemical species from flight hardware, spacecraft, and ground support equipment (GSE). This work updates an earlier work that reported on chemical analysis from 1970-1978.

Effects of long-term exposure to low levels of ozone : a review.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1980-09-01

Available literature regarding long-term effects of ozone on animals and humans is reviewed. Emphasis is placed on reports that have appeared since 1976, but some earlier reports are cited for completeness and perspective. This review shows that ozon...

STS 116 Return Samples: Assessment of Air Quality aboard the Shuttle (STS-116) and International Space Station (12A.1)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

James, John T.

2007-01-01

The toxicological assessments of 2 grab sample canisters (GSCs) from the Shuttle are reported. Analytical methods have not changed from earlier reports. The Shuttle atmosphere was acceptable for human respiration.

Erratum to ATel #11514 (misidentification)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tatarnikov, A.

2018-04-01

The object which was reported in ATel 11514 as a SN was misidentified. This star is visible on Pan-STARRS images obtained in 2015. This is red object with (R-J)=2.5. Our sincere apologies for the earlier report and the possible inconvenience caused.

Evaluative Usage-Based Metrics for the Selection of E-Journals.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hahn, Karla L.; Faulkner, Lila A.

2002-01-01

Explores electronic journal usage statistics and develops three metrics and three benchmarks based on those metrics. Topics include earlier work that assessed the value of print journals and was modified for the electronic format; the evaluation of potential purchases; and implications for standards development, including the need for content…

Teacher Education: Considerations for a Knowledge Base Framework.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tumposky, Nancy

Traditionally, the knowledge base has been defined more as product than process and has encompassed definitions, principles, values, and facts. Recent reforms in teaching and teacher education have brought about efforts to redefine the knowledge base. The reconceptualized knowledge base builds upon the earlier model but gives higher priority to…

A Perspective on Effective Schools. Education Brief.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shulman, Lee S.

Although social science has contributed much to the student of schools, the perspectives of earlier thinkers about school effectiveness can fill some of our present need, too, by emphasizing the social values most important and then applying them as educational standards. Former generations viewed good schools normatively rather than empirically…

Automatic Vehicle Location successful transit applications : a cross-cutting study : improving service and safety

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2000-08-01

Belief in the value of AVL is substantiated by statements of benefits contained earlier in this study. Even so, none of the study agencies are making full use of the voluminous amount of AVL data automatically recorded by the system. Efforts to make ...

Other-Sex Relationship Stress and Sex Differences in the Contribution of Puberty to Depression

PubMed Central

Llewellyn, Nicole; Rudolph, Karen D.; Roisman, Glenn I.

2015-01-01

Research suggests that the pubertal transition, particularly when experienced earlier than age-matched peers, is associated with heightened depression in girls but less depression in boys. This study examined whether stress within other-sex relationships serves as one process through which puberty differentially contributes to depression for girls and boys. Youth (51 girls, 34 boys; M age = 12.68) and their caregivers reported on pubertal status and age of menarche. Semistructured interviews were conducted to assess youths’ depression and exposure to chronic other-sex stress. As anticipated, more advanced status and earlier timing were associated with more depression in girls and less depression in boys. More advanced status and earlier timing were associated with less other-sex stress in boys; earlier age of menarche was associated with more other-sex stress in girls. Other-sex stress partially mediated the early menarche-depression association in girls, suggesting one process through which puberty promotes risk for depression in girls. PMID:26778876

Low LET radiolysis escape yields for reducing radicals and H2 in pressurized high temperature water

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sterniczuk, Marcin; Yakabuskie, Pamela A.; Wren, J. Clara; Jacob, Jasmine A.; Bartels, David M.

2016-04-01

Low Linear Energy Transfer (LET) radiolysis escape yields (G values) are reported for the sum (G(radH)+G(e-)aq) and for G(H2) in subcritical water up to 350 °C. The scavenger system 1-10 mM acetate/0.001 M hydroxide/0.00048 M N2O was used with simultaneous mass spectroscopic detection of H2 and N2 product. Temperature-dependent measurements were carried out with 2.5 MeV electrons from a van de Graaff accelerator, while room temperature calibration measurements were done with a 60Co gamma source. The concentrations and dose range were carefully chosen so that initial spur chemistry is not perturbed and the N2 product yield corresponds to those reducing radicals that escape recombination in pure water. In comparison with a recent review recommendation of Elliot and Bartels (AECL report 153-127160-450-001, 2009), the measured reducing radical yield is seven percent smaller at room temperature but in fairly good agreement above 150 °C. The H2 escape yield is in good agreement throughout the temperature range with several previous studies that used much larger radical scavenging rates. Previous analysis of earlier high temperature measurements of Gesc(radOH) is shown to be flawed, although the actual G values may be nearly correct. The methodology used in the present report greatly reduces the range of possible error and puts the high temperature escape yields for low-LET radiation on a much firmer quantitative foundation than was previously available.

Social Properties of Mobile Video

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mitchell, April Slayden; O'Hara, Kenton; Vorbau, Alex

Mobile video is now an everyday possibility with a wide array of commercially available devices, services, and content. These new technologies have created dramatic shifts in the way video-based media can be produced, consumed, and delivered by people beyond the familiar behaviors associated with fixed TV and video technologies. Such technology revolutions change the way users behave and change their expectations in regards to their mobile video experiences. Building upon earlier studies of mobile video, this paper reports on a study using diary techniques and ethnographic interviews to better understand how people are using commercially available mobile video technologies in their everyday lives. Drawing on reported episodes of mobile video behavior, the study identifies the social motivations and values underpinning these behaviors that help characterize mobile video consumption beyond the simplistic notion of viewing video only to kill time. This paper also discusses the significance of user-generated content and the usage of video in social communities through the description of two mobile video technology services that allow users to create and share content. Implications for adoption and design of mobile video technologies and services are discussed as well.

Long-term outcome of a multicentre randomized clinical trial of stapled haemorrhoidopexy versus Milligan-Morgan haemorrhoidectomy.

PubMed

Ganio, E; Altomare, D F; Milito, G; Gabrielli, F; Canuti, S

2007-08-01

Stapled haemorrhoidopexy is less painful than Milligan-Morgan haemorrhoidectomy, allowing an earlier return to working activities, but its long-term efficacy is not fully established. This study reports the long-term follow-up of a randomized clinical trial comparing the two techniques in 100 patients affected by third- and fourth-degree haemorrhoids. All patients were contacted and invited to attend the clinic to assess long-term functional outcome. The degree of continence and satisfaction were assessed by questionnaire. Anal manometry and anoscopy were performed. Eighty patients were available after a median follow-up of 87 months. No statistically significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of incontinence, stenosis, pain, bleeding, residual skin tags or recurrent prolapse. A tendency towards a higher recurrence rate was reported in patients with fourth-degree haemorrhoids, irrespective of the technique used. No significant changes in anal manometric values were found after surgery in either group. Both techniques are effective in the long term. Copyright (c) 2007 British Journal of Surgery Society Ltd.

The impact of managed care on substance abuse treatment: a report of the American Society of Addiction Medicine.

PubMed

Galanter, M; Keller, D S; Dermatis, H; Egelko, S

2000-01-01

This report examines the impact of managed care (MC) and related developments on substance abuse treatment, and evaluates how it has been associated with a decline in the availability of proper treatment for many addicted patients. A trend toward carve-out and for-profit MC organizations is associated with lower financial incentives for intensive treatment than in earlier staff-model and not-for-profit MC organizations. The value of substance abuse insurance coverage has declined by 75% between 1988 and 1998 for employees of mid-to large-size companies, compared with only an 11.5% decline for general health insurance. The shift towards MC has also been associated with a drastic reduction in frequency and duration of inpatient hospitalization, and there is no clear evidence that this reduction has been offset by a corresponding increase in outpatient support. In a survey of physicians treating addiction, the majority felt that MC had a negative impact on detoxification and rehabilitation, and on their ethical practice of addiction medicine.

Two-photon voltage imaging using a genetically encoded voltage indicator

PubMed Central

Akemann, Walther; Sasaki, Mari; Mutoh, Hiroki; Imamura, Takeshi; Honkura, Naoki; Knöpfel, Thomas

2013-01-01

Voltage-sensitive fluorescent proteins (VSFPs) are a family of genetically-encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) reporting membrane voltage fluctuation from genetically-targeted cells in cell cultures to whole brains in awake mice as demonstrated earlier using 1-photon (1P) fluorescence excitation imaging. However, in-vivo 1P imaging captures optical signals only from superficial layers and does not optically resolve single neurons. Two-photon excitation (2P) imaging, on the other hand, has not yet been convincingly applied to GEVI experiments. Here we show that 2P imaging of VSFP Butterfly 1.2 expresssing pyramidal neurons in layer 2/3 reports optical membrane voltage in brain slices consistent with 1P imaging but with a 2–3 larger ΔR/R value. 2P imaging of mouse cortex in-vivo achieved cellular resolution throughout layer 2/3. In somatosensory cortex we recorded sensory responses to single whisker deflections in anesthetized mice at full frame video rate. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of GEVI-based functional 2P imaging in mouse cortex. PMID:23868559

Whither cognitive bias modification research? Commentary on the special section articles.

PubMed

MacLeod, Colin; Koster, Ernst H W; Fox, Elaine

2009-02-01

This commentary reviews key theoretical, methodological, and clinical issues raised by recent research on cognitive bias modification (CBM). The authors identify the major ways in which the new work reported within this special section extends earlier CBM research. In particular, they note that it considers a wider range of participants, includes a greater diversity of symptoms measures, and targets for change a broader array of processing biases than previously has been the case. Furthermore, they point out that the present work develops and employs a more diverse arsenal of bias modification procedures, in some cases delivered across extended periods of time within naturalistic settings. They also draw attention to methodological limitations associated with the current studies, offering recommendations concerning how future CBM research might profitably build upon these exciting new directions while overcoming such limitations. Finally, they evaluate the theoretical and applied implications of the reported findings, discussing their capacity to illuminate the causal contributions made by cognitive bias to emotional vulnerability and their promise concerning the potential therapeutic value of CBM as a clinical tool.

Hanle measurements of electrodeposited Fe/GaAs spin tunnel contacts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Majumder, Sarmita; Hohertz, Donna; McNeil, James; SpringThorpe, Anthony; Kavanagh, Karen L.

2014-03-01

We report spin transport in electrodeposited Fe/n-GaAs tunnel diodes via three-terminal Hanle measurements. For temperatures between 20 K and 150 K, the spin resistance was up to 20 times higher than expected from theoretical calculations and 1000 times larger compared to a vacuum-deposited counterpart. This higher spin resistance was correlated with a higher contact resistance, and a higher concentration of oxygen impurities in the electrodeposited Fe film and interface, as detected via x-ray photoelectron and Auger spectroscopies, and inferred from Fe film nucleation rates. These results can be explained via a small effective tunnel-contact area of 5%, but extra spin filtering via interfacial states or magnetic oxide layers cannot be ruled out. The spin diffusion times (8.5 ± 0.4 ns to 1.8 ± 0.4 ns, for 20 K to 150 K) extracted from Lorentzian fits were in good agreement with values obtained from earlier 4-terminal Hanle measurements (7.8 ± 0.4 ns to 3.2 ± 0.4 ns, for 25 K to 77 K), both 10 times slower than reported vacuum-deposited contacts.

Heparanase-2 and syndecan-1 in colon cancer: the ugly ducklings or the beautiful swans?

PubMed

Giordano, Ricardo José

2008-08-01

Syndecan expression, or the lack thereof by tumor cells, has been associated with poor prognosis in several types of cancer, including colorectal cancer. Syndecan is a heparan sulfate proteoglycan involved in tumor adhesion, invasion, and metastasis. In addition, the expression of the enzyme heparanase by cancer cells correlates with malignant transformation and metastasis. Given the prominent role of syndecan and heparanase in physiological and pathological processes, they are promising molecular targets in the development of diagnostic methods and drugs for cancer and other diseases. A study in this issue of the European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology reports the expression of syndecan-1 (Syn-1) and HPA2 in human colorectal cancer samples. These results confirm earlier observations that Syn-1 is downregulated by colorectal carcinoma cells but raise questions about its prognostic value. This study is also the first report on the upregulation of HPA2 in human cancer samples. HPA2 and Syn-1 expression by colorectal cancer tumor cells and the possible implications in disease progression are discussed.

Effect of cationic substitution on the double-well hydrogen-bond potential in [K1-x(NH4)x]3H(SO4)2 proton conductors: a single-crystal neutron diffraction study.

PubMed

Choudhury, R R; Chitra, R; Selezneva, E V; Makarova, I P

2017-10-01

The structure of the mixed crystal [K 1-x (NH 4 ) x ] 3 H(SO 4 ) 2 as obtained from single-crystal neutron diffraction is compared with the previously reported room-temperature neutron structure of crystalline K 3 H(SO 4 ) 2 . The two structures are very similar, as indicated by the high value of their isostructurality index (94.8%). It was found that the replacement of even a small amount (3%) of K + with NH 4 + has a significant influence on the short strong hydrogen bond connecting the two SO 4 2- ions. Earlier optical measurements had revealed that the kinetics of the superionic transition in the solid solution [K 1-x (NH 4 ) x ] 3 H(SO 4 ) 2 are much faster than in K 3 H(SO 4 ) 2 ; this reported difference in the kinetics of the superionic phase transition in this class of crystal is explained on the basis of the difference in strength of the hydrogen-bond interactions in the two structures.

[Ionization in liquids: Request for 1992--1993 funding and 1991--1992 progress report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1992-12-31

Studies of the influence of solvent composition on electron mobility, {mu}{sub e}, which we reported for mixtures of neopentane (NP) and tetramethysilane (TMS) were extended to mixtures of TMS with isooctane (i-octane) or cyclohexane (c-hexane). Whereas our initial TMS /NP study focused on an electron transport regime in which {mu}{sub e} varied only from 67 cm{sup 2}/Vs in NP to 100 cm{sup 2}/Vs in TMS, the more recent studies extended to values of {mu}{sub e} of 7.5 and 0.22 cm{sup 2}/Vs in i-octane and c-hexane, respectively. Whereas a linear dependence of log {mu}{sub e} on solvent composition had been foundmore » in earlier studies of electron transport in mixtures, a negative deviation from this dependence was found in TMS/NP mixtures. In contrast, a positive deviation from linearity was observed in TMS/c-hexane mixtures. Despite the markedly different dependences of {mu}{sub e} on solvent composition for these mixtures, the observed dependences are consistent with the percolation model of electron transport that Schiller has developed.« less

Symplectic semiclassical wave packet dynamics II: non-Gaussian states

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ohsawa, Tomoki

2018-05-01

We generalize our earlier work on the symplectic/Hamiltonian formulation of the dynamics of the Gaussian wave packet to non-Gaussian semiclassical wave packets. We find the symplectic forms and asymptotic expansions of the Hamiltonians associated with these semiclassical wave packets, and obtain Hamiltonian systems governing their dynamics. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the dynamics give a very good approximation to the short-time dynamics of the expectation values computed by a method based on Egorov’s theorem or the initial value representation.

Atlas of nuclear emulsion micrographs from personnel dosimeters of manned space missions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schaefer, H. J.; Sullivan, J. J.

1976-01-01

A collection of micrographs is presented taken from nuclear emulsions of personnel dosimeter packs carried by the astronauts on near-earth orbital and lunar missions. It is intended as a pictorial record and illustration of the radiation environment in space and as a supplement to earlier reports and publications of the laboratory in which the emulsion findings have been presented in detail for individual missions. A complete list of those earlier accounts precedes the picture sections.

A Hepatocellular Carcinoma Case in a Patient Who had Immunity to Hepatitis B Virus Earlier.

PubMed

Ates, Ihsan; Kaplan, Mustafa; Demirci, Selim; Altiparmak, Emin

2016-01-01

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common malignant tumor of the liver. Hepatitis B virus infection is one of the most important etilogical factors of HCC. In this case report, a patient with HCC previously infected and having ongoing immunity against hepatitis B virus will be discussed. Ates I, Kaplan M, Demirci S, Altiparmak E. A Hepatocellular Carcinoma Case in a Patient Who had Immunity to Hepatitis B Virus Earlier. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2016;6(1):82-83.

Later endogenous circadian temperature nadir relative to an earlier wake time in older people

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Duffy, J. F.; Dijk, D. J.; Klerman, E. B.; Czeisler, C. A.

1998-01-01

The contribution of the circadian timing system to the age-related advance of sleep-wake timing was investigated in two experiments. In a constant routine protocol, we found that the average wake time and endogenous circadian phase of 44 older subjects were earlier than that of 101 young men. However, the earlier circadian phase of the older subjects actually occurred later relative to their habitual wake time than it did in young men. These results indicate that an age-related advance of circadian phase cannot fully account for the high prevalence of early morning awakening in healthy older people. In a second study, 13 older subjects and 10 young men were scheduled to a 28-h day, such that they were scheduled to sleep at many circadian phases. Self-reported awakening from scheduled sleep episodes and cognitive throughput during the second half of the wake episode varied markedly as a function of circadian phase in both groups. The rising phase of both rhythms was advanced in the older subjects, suggesting an age-related change in the circadian regulation of sleep-wake propensity. We hypothesize that under entrained conditions, these age-related changes in the relationship between circadian phase and wake time are likely associated with self-selected light exposure at an earlier circadian phase. This earlier exposure to light could account for the earlier clock hour to which the endogenous circadian pacemaker is entrained in older people and thereby further increase their propensity to awaken at an even earlier time.

The interplay of health claims and taste importance on food consumption and self-reported satiety.

PubMed

Vadiveloo, Maya; Morwitz, Vicki; Chandon, Pierre

2013-12-01

Research has shown that subtle health claims used by food marketers influence pre-intake expectations, but no study has examined how they influence individuals' post-consumption experience of satiety after a complete meal and how this varies according to the value placed on food taste. In two experiments, we assess how labeling a pasta salad as "healthy" or "hearty" influences self-reported satiety, consumption volume, and subsequent consumption of another food. Using MANOVA, Study 1 shows that individuals who report low taste importance consume less-yet feel just as satiated-when a salad is labeled "hearty" rather than "healthy." In contrast, for individuals with higher taste importance, consumption and self-reported satiety are correlated and are both higher when a salad is labeled as "hearty" versus "healthy." Study 2 primes taste importance, rather than measuring it, and replicates these findings for consumption, but not for self-reported satiety. There was no effect on the consumption of other foods in either study. Overall, our findings add to earlier work on the impact of health labels by showing that subtle food descriptions also influence post-intake experiences of satiety, but that the direction of the effects depends on taste importance and on the selection of direct or indirect measures of satiety. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

SUPPLEMENT TO: STANDARD MEASUREMENT PROTOCOLS - FLORIDA RADON RESEARCH PROGRAM

EPA Science Inventory

The report supplements earlier published standard protocols for key measurements where data quality is vital to the Florida Radon Research Program. The report adds measurements of small canister radon flux and soil water potential to the section on soil measurements. It adds indo...

Neurologic illness following post-exposure prophylaxis with purifiled chick embryo cell antirabies vaccine.

PubMed

Chakravarty, A

2001-09-01

Clinical details of a neurologic illness simultating Guillain Barre syndrome developing in a patient after post-exposure prophylaxis with purified chick embryo cell (PCEC) anti-rabies vaccine is reported. Neurologic complication following PCEC vaccination has not been reported earlier.

Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor with clear cell changes.

PubMed

Mohanty, Neeta; Routray, Samapika; Swain, Niharika; Ingale, Yashwant

2014-01-01

Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) has a limited biological profile and been an attention-grabbing tumor for a century for its origin. Though described earlier, it was widely accepted after Harbitz from Norway reported about this uncommon benign tumor in 1915. There has been a long debate as whether this tumor is a hamartoma or a neoplasm. Here, we present a case of AOT in a 20-year-old female with details of clinical, radiological and histological features along with clear cell changes, signifying AOT to be more aggressive in nature than assessed from earlier literature. Thus, we did an extensive search of PubMed literature on AOT with all its histopathological features associated until date to find the report of clear cell changes yet.

Sudden increase in human infection with avian influenza A(H7N9) virus in China, September–December 2016

PubMed Central

Zhou, Lei; Ren, Ruiqi; Yang, Lei; Bao, Changjun; Wu, Jiabing; Wang, Dayan; Li, Chao; Xiang, Nijuan; Wang, Yali; Li, Dan; Sui, Haitian; Shu, Yuelong; Feng, Zijian; Li, Qun

2017-01-01

Since the first outbreak of avian influenza A(H7N9) virus in humans was identified in 2013, there have been five seasonal epidemics observed in China. An earlier start and a steep increase in the number of humans infected with H7N9 virus was observed between September and December 2016, raising great public concern in domestic and international societies. The epidemiological characteristics of the recently reported confirmed H7N9 cases were analysed. The results suggested that although more cases were reported recently, most cases in the fifth epidemic were still highly sporadically distributed without any epidemiology links; the main characteristics remained unchanged and the genetic characteristics of virus strains that were isolated in this epidemic remained similar to earlier epidemics. Interventions included live poultry market closures in several cities that reported more H7N9 cases recently. PMID:28409054

Coping strategies and health symptoms among women and men in a downsizing organisation.

PubMed

Torkelson, Eva; Muhonen, Tuija

2003-06-01

This study examined how women and men cope with stress during a period of organizational change and how the coping strategies are related to health. Questionnaire responses were obtained from 98 female and male administrators of health care service working in a Swedish governmental County Council during a period of downsizing. In line with earlier studies, the results showed women to be more likely than men to endorse the emotion-focused strategies of Seeking Social Support and Focus on and Venting of Emotions. Contrary to earlier studies the men did not report using problem-focused strategies more frequently than the women. The results of a regression analysis indicated that the reported use of problem-focused strategies did not contribute significantly to the explained variance in health. Instead, the emotion-focused strategy Denial explained a significant proportion of variance in the health problems. No sex differences in reported health problems were found.

Retirement and drinking outcomes: lingering effects of workplace stress?

PubMed

Richman, Judith A; Zlatoper, Kenneth W; Zackula Ehmke, Jennifer L; Rospenda, Kathleen M

2006-05-01

This study assesses the degree to which sexual harassment (SH), generalized workplace abuse (GWA), and psychological workload (PWL) impact drinking behaviors in retirement. A mail survey was completed at four points in time by a cohort of 1654 employees initially drawn from a university workplace. Questionnaires assessed experiences of SH, GWA, PWL and drinking behaviors. Hypotheses were tested involving (1) the extent to which SH, GWA, and PWL experienced while working were associated with frequency and quantity of drinking in retirement, (2) the extent to which drinking levels of retirees differed from those of current employees experiencing similar stress levels, and (3) the extent to which gender moderated these relationships. Retirees reporting earlier stressful work environments report higher levels of alcohol consumption during retirement compared to those retirees reporting less stressful earlier work environments. Gender moderated these relationships. The findings of this study suggest that there may be a residual effect of workplace stress during retirement.

COMPARISON OF AGE AT NATURAL MENOPAUSE IN BRCA1/2 MUTATION CARRIERS TO A NON-CLINIC-BASED SAMPLE OF WOMEN IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA

PubMed Central

Lin, Wayne T; Beattie, Mary; Chen, Lee-may; Oktay, Kutluk; Crawford, Sybil L.; Gold, Ellen B.; Cedars, Marcelle; Rosen, Mitchell

2013-01-01

Objective Germline mutations in BRCA1/2 are related to increased lifetime risk of breast and ovarian cancer. While risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy reduces the risk for both cancers, loss of fertility is a major concern. A recent study suggested an association of BRCA1 mutation with occult primary ovarian insufficiency. The aim of this study was to determine whether BRCA1/2 mutation carriers have earlier onset of natural menopause than unaffected women. Materials and Methods Caucasian BRCA1/2 carriers (n=382) were identified within the UCSF Breast Cancer Risk Program Registry and compared to non-clinic-based Caucasian women in Northern California (n=765). We compared the two groups regarding median age at natural menopause before and after adjustment for known risk factors, and examined the role of smoking within each group, using the Kaplan-Meier approach for unadjusted analyses and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses for adjusted analyses. Results The median age at natural menopause in BRCA1/2 carriers was significantly earlier than the unaffected sample (50 vs 53years, p-value<0.001). The unadjusted hazard ratio for natural menopause comparing BRCA1/2 carriers to unaffected women was 4.06(95% confidence interval 3.03-5.45), 3.98(2.87-5.53) after adjusting for smoking, parity, and oral contraceptive use. For BRCA1/2 carriers who were current heavy smokers (≥20cigarettes/day), the median age at natural menopause was 46 vs.49years for non-smokers (p-value=0.027). Conclusions BRCA1/2 mutation was associated with significantly earlier age at natural menopause, and heavy smoking compounded this risk. As the relationship between menopause and end of natural fertility is considered fixed, these findings suggest a risk of earlier infertility among BRCA1/2 carriers. PMID:23362014

Solar X-Ray Irradiance Observations from the NOAA GOES Spacecraft: Accuracy vs Continuity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Viereck, R. A.; Machol, J. L.

2017-12-01

For 45 years, the solar X-Ray Sensors (XRS) on the GOES weather satellites have been making real-time measurements of the disk-integrated solar x-ray irradiance. These data have been remarkably consistent and contiguous and are the backbone of modern solar flare classification. When GOES 8 was launched in 1994, it observed 30% higher x-ray flux values compared to the earlier GOES. But no obvious cause of this offset was ever determined. For the sake of continuity, NOAA decided to adjust the GOES 8 data to match the old. We have been adjusting the XRS data on every GOES since (GOES 8-15). GOES 16 was launched in November of 2016 with a new XRS. This will be the first XRS that will have been fully calibrated with a primary calibration source so the values that it produces are presumed to be the most accurate yet. These new data show that our adjustment of the GOES 8 through 15 XRS data is not correct and that the true solar X-ray values are 30% higher than what has been reported for the last 45 years. In this presentation, we will show how the XRS sensors are characterized how the raw data are transformed into the science units that are presented to the public. We will present a plan on how to accurately present these new XRS values while maintaining continuity with the long record of XRS data.

Entanglement near the optical instability point in damped four wave mixing systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chiangga, S.; Temnuch, W.; Frank, T. D.

2018-06-01

Entanglement of electromagnetic field modes of signal and idler photons generated by four-wave mixing (FWM) devices is a quantum phenomenon that has been examined in various experimental and theoretical studies. The focus of this theoretical study is on two aspects of this phenomenon: the emergence of signal and idler photons due to an optical instability and the entanglement of the signal and idler modes above the instability threshold. For simple FWM devices that are subjected to damping it is shown that the signal and idler modes are entangled close to the point of optical instability at which the signal and idler photons emerges. The degree of entanglement as measured by a particular entanglement function proposed earlier in the literature assumes at the point of optical instability a unique value that is independent of the model parameters of the devices. The value is slightly higher than the value reported in a FWM experiment by Boyer et al (2008 Science 321 544). Numerical simulations suggest that the aforementioned entanglement function is U-shaped such that the degree of entanglement at the instability point is the maximal possible one and represents the optimal value. A similar U-shaped pattern was observed in an FWM experiment conducted by Lawrie et al (2016 Appl. Phys. Lett. 108 151107). Our semi-analytical findings are derived within the framework of the positive P representation of quantum optical processes and are compared with the aforementioned experimental observations by Boyer et al and Lawrie et al.

Spectral domain polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography at 850 nm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cense, Barry; Chen, Teresa C.; Mujat, Mircea; Joo, Chulmin; Akkin, Taner; Park, B. H.; Pierce, Mark C.; Yun, Andy; Bouma, Brett E.; Tearney, Guillermo J.; de Boer, Johannes F.

2005-04-01

Spectral-Domain Polarization-Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-PS-OCT) is a technique developed to measure the thickness and birefringence of the nerve fiber layer in vivo as a tool for the early diagnosis of glaucoma. A clinical SD-PS-OCT system was developed and scans were made around the optic nerve head (ONH) using ten concentric circles of increasing diameter. One healthy volunteer was imaged. Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and birefringence information was extracted from the data. Polarization-sensitive OCT images were acquired at video rate (29 frames per second (fps), 1000 A-lines / frame) and at 7 fps (1000 A-lines / frame). The last setting improved the signal to noise ratio by approximately 6 dB. Birefringence measurements on the healthy volunteer gave similar results as earlier reported values that were obtained with a time-domain setup. The measurement time was reduced from more than a minute to less than a second.

'Genipin' - the natural water soluble cross-linking agent and its importance in the modified drug delivery systems: an overview.

PubMed

Manickam, Balamurugan; Sreedharan, Rajesh; Elumalai, Manogaran

2014-01-01

One of the popular approaches in controlling drug delivery from the polymeric carriers is suitably achieved by the inclusion of crosslinking agents into the formulations at different concentrations. Nevertheless, addition of the chemical crosslinkers such as glutaraldehyde, formaldehyde etc, used in the drug delivery systems causes very serious cytotoxic reactions. These chemical crosslinking agents did not offer any significant advantageous effects when compared to the natural crosslinking agents for instance genipin, which is quite less toxic, biocompatible and offers very stable crosslinked products. Based on the earlier reports the safety of this particular natural crosslinker is very well established, since it has been widely used as a Chinese traditional medicine for long-time, isolated from fruits of the plant Gardenia jasminoides Ellis. This concise article largely portrayed the value of this unique natural crosslinker, utilized in controlling the drug delivery from the various formulations.

Corrrelation of the Specific Rates of Solvolysis of Ethyl Fluoroformate Using the Extended Grunwald-Winstein Equation

PubMed Central

Seong, Mi Hye; Kyong, Jin Burm; Lee, Young Hoon; Kevill, Dennis N.

2009-01-01

The specific rates of solvolysis of ethyl fluoroformate have been measured at 24.2 °C in 21 pure and binary solvents. These give a satisfactory correlation over the full range of solvents when the extended Grunwald-Winstein equation is applied. The sensitivities to changes in the NT solvent nucleophilicity scale and the YCl solvent ionizing power scale, and the kF/kCl values are very similar to those for solvolyses of n-octyl fluoroformate, consistent with the addition step of an addition-elimination pathway being rate-determining. For methanolysis, a solvent deuterium isotope effect of 3.10 is compatible with the incorporation of general-base catalysis into the substitution process. For five representative solvents, studies were made at several temperatures and activation parameters determined. The results are also compared with those reported earlier for ethyl chloroformate and mechanistic conclusions are drawn. PMID:19399229

Further investigation of g factors for the lead monofluoride ground state

DOE PAGES

Skripnikov, L. V.; Petrov, A. N.; Titov, A. V.; ...

2015-09-15

We report the results of our theoretical study and analysis of earlier experimental data for the g-factor tensor components of the ground 2II 1/2 state of the free PbF radical. These values obtained both within the relativistic coupled-cluster method combined with the generalized relativistic effective core potential approach and with our fit of the experimental data from [R. J. Mawhorter, B. S. Murphy, A. L. Baum, T. J. Sears, T. Yang, P. M. Rupasinghe, C. P. McRaven, N. E. Shafer-Ray, L. D. Alphei, and J.-U. Grabow, Phys. Rev. A 84, 022508 (2011); A. L. Baum, B.A. thesis, Pomona College, 2011].more » The obtained results agree very well with each other but contradict the previous fit performed in the cited works. Our final prediction for g factors is G ∥=0.081(5),G ⊥=–0.27(1).« less

Femtosecond laser micromachining of compound parabolic concentrator fiber tipped glucose sensors.

PubMed

Hassan, Hafeez Ul; Lacraz, Amédée; Kalli, Kyriacos; Bang, Ole

2017-03-01

We report on highly accurate femtosecond (fs) laser micromachining of a compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) fiber tip on a polymer optical fiber (POF). The accuracy is reflected in an unprecedented correspondence between the numerically predicted and experimentally found improvement in fluorescence pickup efficiency of a Förster resonance energy transfer-based POF glucose sensor. A Zemax model of the CPC-tipped sensor predicts an optimal improvement of a factor of 3.96 compared to the sensor with a plane-cut fiber tip. The fs laser micromachined CPC tip showed an increase of a factor of 3.5, which is only 11.6% from the predicted value. Earlier state-of-the-art fabrication of the CPC-shaped tip by fiber tapering was of so poor quality that the actual improvement was 43% lower than the predicted improvement of the ideal CPC shape.

Femtosecond laser micromachining of compound parabolic concentrator fiber tipped glucose sensors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hassan, Hafeez Ul; Lacraz, Amédée; Kalli, Kyriacos; Bang, Ole

2017-03-01

We report on highly accurate femtosecond (fs) laser micromachining of a compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) fiber tip on a polymer optical fiber (POF). The accuracy is reflected in an unprecedented correspondence between the numerically predicted and experimentally found improvement in fluorescence pickup efficiency of a Förster resonance energy transfer-based POF glucose sensor. A Zemax model of the CPC-tipped sensor predicts an optimal improvement of a factor of 3.96 compared to the sensor with a plane-cut fiber tip. The fs laser micromachined CPC tip showed an increase of a factor of 3.5, which is only 11.6% from the predicted value. Earlier state-of-the-art fabrication of the CPC-shaped tip by fiber tapering was of so poor quality that the actual improvement was 43% lower than the predicted improvement of the ideal CPC shape.

Biosimilars: A new scenario in biologic therapies.

PubMed

Serra López-Matencio, José M; Morell Baladrón, Alberto; Castañeda, Santos

There is no doubt that biologic therapies provide added value for health systems. However, due to their special nature, they also raise some questions that make highly rigorous and demanding quality control and monitoring of their use indispensable. This circumstance is reinforced with the appearance on the scene of biosimilars, which, given their lower cost, are having an increasing impact on the international market. The purpose of this article is to review the major issues posed by their manufacture, distribution and control systems, as well as the most important aspects related to their safety in clinical practice. In this report, we assess the pharmacovigilance of these products, with special attention to traceability, as a key tool to enable earlier detection of adverse events. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier España, S.L.U. and Sociedad Española de Reumatología y Colegio Mexicano de Reumatología. All rights reserved.

Mothers' characteristics as predictors of adolescents' ethnic-racial identity: An examination of Mexican-origin teen mothers.

PubMed

Derlan, Chelsea L; Umaña-Taylor, Adriana J; Updegraff, Kimberly A; Jahromi, Laudan B

2016-07-01

The current longitudinal study examined Mexican-origin mothers' cultural characteristics and ethnic socialization efforts as predictors of their adolescent daughters' ethnic-racial identity (ERI) exploration, resolution, and affirmation. Participants were 193 Mexican-origin adolescent mothers (M age = 16.78 years; SD = .98) and their mothers (M age = 41.24 years; SD = 7.11). Findings indicated that mothers' familism values and ERI exploration were positively associated with mother-reported ethnic socialization efforts 1 year later. Furthermore, mothers' ERI affirmation was a significant positive predictor of adolescents' ERI affirmation 2 years later, accounting for adolescents' ERI affirmation 1 year earlier. Discussion emphasizes the significance of ERI development among adolescent mothers who are negotiating the normative development of ERI and faced with their new role as parents and cultural socializers of their young children. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved).

Further investigation of g factors for the lead monofluoride ground state

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Skripnikov, L. V.; Petrov, A. N.; Titov, A. V.; Mawhorter, R. J.; Baum, A. L.; Sears, T. J.; Grabow, J.-U.

2015-09-01

We report the results of our theoretical study and analysis of earlier experimental data for the g -factor tensor components of the ground 2Π1 /2 state of the free PbF radical. The values were obtained both within the relativistic coupled-cluster method combined with the generalized relativistic effective core potential approach and with our fit of the experimental data from [R. J. Mawhorter, B. S. Murphy, A. L. Baum, T. J. Sears, T. Yang, P. M. Rupasinghe, C. P. McRaven, N. E. Shafer-Ray, L. D. Alphei, and J.-U. Grabow, Phys. Rev. A 84, 022508 (2011), 10.1103/PhysRevA.84.022508; A. L. Baum, B.A. thesis, Pomona College, 2011]. The obtained results agree very well with each other but contradict the previous fit performed in the cited works. Our final prediction for g factors is G∥=0.081 (5 ) ,G⊥=-0.27 (1 ) .

Works of Illness and the Challenges of Social Risk and the Specter of Pain in the Lived Experience of TMD

PubMed Central

Eaves, Emery R.; Nichter, Mark; Ritenbaugh, Cheryl; Sutherland, Elizabeth; Dworkin, Samuel F.

2017-01-01

Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) represent a particular form of chronic pain that, while not outwardly debilitating, profoundly impacts interactions as fundamental to human existence as smiling, laughing, speaking, eating, and intimacy. Our analysis, informed by an expanded “works of illness” assessment, draws attention to work surrounding social and physical risk. We refer to these as the work of stoicism and the work of vigilance and identify double binds created in contexts that call for both. Conflicting authorial stances in informants’ narratives are shown to be essential in maintaining a positive identity in the face of illness. While earlier ethnographic studies report TMD sufferers’ experience of stigma and search for diagnosis and legitimacy, we present a group of individuals who have accepted diagnosis at face value and soldier through pain as a fundamental aspect of their identity. PMID:25331799

Ortho-para transition rate in mu-molecular hydrogen and the proton's induced pseudoscalar coupling gp.

PubMed

Clark, J H D; Armstrong, D S; Gorringe, T P; Hasinoff, M D; King, P M; Stocki, T J; Tripathi, S; Wright, D H; Zolnierczuk, P A

2006-02-24

We report a measurement of the ortho-para transition rate in the p mu p molecule. The experiment was conducted at TRIUMF via the measurement of the time dependence of the 5.2 MeV neutrons from muon capture in liquid hydrogen. The measurement yielded an ortho-para rate Lambda op = (11.1 +/- 1.7 +/-(0.9)(0.6)) x 10(4) s(-1), which is substantially larger than the earlier result of Bardin et al. The result has striking implications for the proton's induced pseudoscalar coupling g(p), changing the value of g(p) obtained from the most precise ordinary muon capture measurement from 10.6 +/- 2.7 to 0.8 +/- 2.8, and from the sole radiative muon capture measurement from 12.2 +/- 1.1 to 10.6 +/- 1.2, bringing the latter result closer to theoretical predictions.

Dynamics of exciton magnetic polarons in CdMnSe/CdMgSe quantum wells: Effect of self-localization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Akimov, I. A.; Godde, T.; Kavokin, K. V.; Yakovlev, D. R.; Reshina, I. I.; Sedova, I. V.; Sorokin, S. V.; Ivanov, S. V.; Kusrayev, Yu. G.; Bayer, M.

2017-04-01

We study the exciton magnetic polaron (EMP) formation in (Cd,Mn)Se/(Cd,Mg)Se diluted-magnetic-semiconductor quantum wells by using time-resolved photoluminescence (PL). The magnetic-field and temperature dependencies of this dynamics allow us to separate the nonmagnetic and magnetic contributions to the exciton localization. We deduce the EMP energy of 14 meV, which is in agreement with time-integrated measurements based on selective excitation and the magnetic-field dependence of the PL circular polarization degree. The polaron formation time of 500 ps is significantly longer than the corresponding values reported earlier. We propose that this behavior is related to strong self-localization of the EMP, accompanied with a squeezing of the heavy-hole envelope wave function. This conclusion is also supported by the decrease of the exciton lifetime from 600 ps to 200-400 ps with increasing magnetic field and temperature.

Isotopic and trace element variability in altered and unaltered tuffs at Yucca Mountain, Nevada

USGS Publications Warehouse

Peterman, Z.E.; Spengler, R.W.; Singer, F.R.; Dickerson, R.P.

1993-01-01

Reference stratigraphic sections near Yucca Mountain, Nevada were established and sampled in outcrop areas where the volcanic rocks have been minimally altered. Isotopic and trace element analyses obtained for these reference sections are baseline data for assessing the degree and extent of element mobility attendant with past zonal alteration of the rock mass. In agreement with earlier studies, zeolitization is shown to have occurred under wholesale open-system conditions. Calcium was increased by two three times the baseline values and strontium up to twenty times. In contrast, barium displays less variability, and the high-field strength elements zirconium and titanium were the least mobile during zeolitization. The data reported here establish the usefulness of reference sections of assessing past elements mobility. The information gained will be helpful in predicting possible future element mobility induced by thermally activated fluids in the near field of a potential repository.

Rotational band on a three-quasineutron isomer in 127Xe

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chakraborty, S.; Sharma, H. P.; Tiwary, S. S.; Majumder, C.; Banerjee, P.; Ganguly, S.; Rai, S.; Pragati, Modi, Swati; Arumugam, P.; Mayank, Kumar, S.; Palit, R.; Kumar, A.; Bhattacharjee, S. S.; Singh, R. P.; Muralithar, S.

2018-05-01

Excited states in 127Xe were populated via 122Sn(9Be,4 n γ ) fusion-evaporation reaction at Ebeam=48 MeV. A rotational band above an isomeric state at 2730.3 keV has been established. Jπ=23 /2+ has been assigned unambiguously to the bandhead. Structural features, configuration, and reduced hindrance factor per degree of K -forbiddenness (fν) have been discussed in the context of neighboring nuclei. Half-lives of 7 /2+ (t1 /2=37 ±1 ns) and 23 /2+ (t1 /2=28 ±1 ns) isomeric states have also been estimated and found to be consistent with the earlier reported values. The experimentally observed energy levels of the rotational band have been reproduced successfully by theoretical calculations carried out using the modified particle rotor model (MPRM) with β2˜0.22 and 15∘≲γ ≲22∘ .

Three is a crowd in iterated prisoner's dilemmas: experimental evidence on reciprocal behavior

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Grujić, Jelena; Eke, Burcu; Cabrales, Antonio; Cuesta, José A.; Sánchez, Angel

2012-09-01

Reciprocity or conditional cooperation is one of the most prominent mechanisms proposed to explain the emergence of cooperation in social dilemmas. Recent experimental findings on networked games suggest that conditional cooperation may also depend on the previous action of the player. We here report on experiments on iterated, multi-player Prisoner's dilemma, on groups of 2 to 5 people. We confirm the dependence on the previous step and that memory effects for earlier periods are not significant. We show that the behavior of subjects in pairwise dilemmas is qualitatively different from the cases with more players; After an initial decay, cooperation increases significantly reaching values above 80%. The strategy of the players is rather universal as far as their willingness to reciprocate cooperation is concerned, whereas there is much diversity in their initial propensity to cooperate. Our results indicate that, for cooperation to emerge and thrive, three is a crowd.

Effect of Sahaja yoga practice on stress management in patients of epilepsy.

PubMed

Panjwani, U; Gupta, H L; Singh, S H; Selvamurthy, W; Rai, U C

1995-04-01

An attempt was made to evaluate the effect of Sahaja yoga meditation in stress management in patients of epilepsy. The study was carried out on 32 patients of epilepsy who were rendomly divided into 3 groups: group I subjects practised Sahaja yoga meditation for 6 months, group II subjects practised postural exercises mimicking Sahaja yoga and group III served as the epileptic control group. Galvanic skin resistance (GSR), blood lactate and urinary vinyl mandelic acid (U-VMA) were recorded at 0, 3 and 6 months. There were significant changes at 3 & 6 months as compared to 0 month values in GSR, blood lactate and U-VMA levels in group I subjects, but not in group II and group III subjects. The results indicate that reduction in stress following Sahaja yoga practice may be responsible for clinical improvement which had been earlier reported in patients who practised Sahaja yoga.

Modeling Tool for Decision Support during Early Days of an Anthrax Event.

PubMed

Rainisch, Gabriel; Meltzer, Martin I; Shadomy, Sean; Bower, William A; Hupert, Nathaniel

2017-01-01

Health officials lack field-implementable tools for forecasting the effects that a large-scale release of Bacillus anthracis spores would have on public health and hospitals. We created a modeling tool (combining inhalational anthrax caseload projections based on initial case reports, effects of variable postexposure prophylaxis campaigns, and healthcare facility surge capacity requirements) to project hospitalizations and casualties from a newly detected inhalation anthrax event, and we examined the consequences of intervention choices. With only 3 days of case counts, the model can predict final attack sizes for simulated Sverdlovsk-like events (1979 USSR) with sufficient accuracy for decision making and confirms the value of early postexposure prophylaxis initiation. According to a baseline scenario, hospital treatment volume peaks 15 days after exposure, deaths peak earlier (day 5), and recovery peaks later (day 23). This tool gives public health, hospital, and emergency planners scenario-specific information for developing quantitative response plans for this threat.

The vertical distribution of HCl in the stratosphere

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Raper, O. F.; Farmer, C. B.; Toth, R. A.; Robbins, B. D.

1977-01-01

The vertical distribution of HCl in the stratosphere has been measured from infrared solar absorption spectra recorded with a balloon-borne interferometer. The flights were made in September, 1975, and May, 1976 at float altitudes of 40 km and 37 km, respectively, near Palestine, Texas. Concentration profiles derived from the data show an increase from 0.6 ppbv at 20 km to 1.7 plus or minus .5 ppbv in the region of 37 km. Above 37 km, the data permit only the total abundance to be determined; this value is found to be equivalent to 1.6 plus or minus .6 ppbv if the gas were uniformly mixed. The results from the two flights are closely similar, and no significant seasonal variation in the HCl concentrations can be discerned. The balloon data are consistent with the profile in the 14-21 km altitude region of the stratosphere reported earlier from U-2 observations.

The added value of a family-centered approach to optimize infants’ social-emotional development: A quasi-experimental study

PubMed Central

Hielkema, Margriet; Stewart, Roy E.; de Winter, Andrea F.

2017-01-01

Objective Family-centered care (FCC) has been related to positive healthcare outcomes in pediatric care. Our aim was to assess whether an FCC approach also leads to better and earlier identification of social-emotional problems and less child psychosocial problems at age 18 months. Methods In a quasi-experimental study within routine well-child care in the Netherlands, we compared those regions in which an FCC approach was implemented (FCC-JointStart) to those regions with “care-as-usual” (CAU), including all children. In all regions, professionals performed well-child visits (2–18 months) and assessed social-emotional problems, or risks developing these, by rating outcomes of assessments as “not optimal” or as “a problem.” We compared FCC-JointStart and CAU regarding the rates of newly identified (risks for) social-emotional problems, the pace of identification over time, and the child’s psychosocial wellbeing at eighteen months as measured by the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). For participants that received extra care, we compared FCC-JointStart and CAU regarding the severity of parent-reported problems. Parents were blinded, professionals were not. Results 5658 parents (68%) agreed to participate in the study. In the FCC-JointStart group, risks were identified more frequently, though differences were small (24.7% versus 22.0%, odds ratio (95%-confidence interval) adjusted for confounders: 1.44 (0.96; 2.18), Phi = .03). Risks were also identified earlier (p = .008), and additional care was provided to more severe cases than in CAU. Effect sizes r ranged from 0.17 (PSBC) to 0.22 (FAD). CBCL scores at 18 months did not differ between groups. Conclusions FFC-JointStart may contribute to more and earlier identification of risks for social-emotional problems and of families that need additional care, but not to fewer child psychosocial problems at age 18 months. Trial registration Netherlands Trial Register NTR2681 PMID:29267270

The Harvard Fatigue Laboratory: Contributions to World War II

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Folk, G. Edgar

2010-01-01

The war contributions of the Harvard Fatigue Laboratory in Cambridge, MA, were recorded in 169 Technical Reports, most of which were sent to the Office of the Quartermaster General. Earlier reports were sent to the National Research Council and the Office of Scientific Research and Development. Many of the reports from 1941 and later dealt with…

REPORT OF THE NAEB STUDY ON THE PROPOSED EXPANSION OF THE MIDWEST PROGRAM ON AIRBORNE TELEVISION INSTRUCTION.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

BRONSON, VERNON; AND OTHERS

A TECHNICAL REPORT WAS PREPARED COVERING THE IMPACT OF AIRBORNE TELEVISION TRANSMISSION ON LAND-BASED UHF TELEVISION ASSIGNMENT PLANS. THE REPORT RELATED TO THE PROPOSED EXPANSION PLANS OF THE MIDWEST PROGRAM ON AIRBORNE TELEVISION INSTRUCTION (MPATI). EARLIER STUDIES BY THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF EDUCATIONAL BROADCASTERS (NAEB) HAD LED TO THE…

Selected Characteristics of the U.S. Feed Manufacturing Industry, 1984. Staff Report No. AGES880121.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ash, Mark; And Others

This report summarizes some selected characteristics of the feed manufacturing industry based on the results of a mail survey of U.S. feed manufacturing establishments to obtain information about structural characteristics of the industry in 1984. These characteristics are compared with those reported earlier from the 1975 survey to provide…

The Ph.D. in English and Foreign Languages: A Conference Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Association of Departments of English, New York, NY.

This special issue presents the speeches, surveys, and workshop reports of the University of Texas Conference on the Research Component of the Ph.D. in English and Foreign Languages held in Austin in December 1972. Also included are updated papers and reports from the Purdue University Conference on Graduate Education held earlier in 1972.…

What We Have Learned about Class Size Reduction in California. Capstone Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bohrnstedt, George W., Ed.; Stecher, Brian M., Ed.

This final report on the California Class Size Reduction (CSR) initiative summarizes findings from three earlier reports dating back to 1997. Chapter 1 recaps the history of California's CSR initiative and includes a discussion of what state leaders' expectations were when CSR was passed. The chapter also describes research on class-size reduction…

Associations between Peer Victimization, Self-Reported Depression and Social Phobia among Adolescents: The Role of Comorbidity

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ranta, Klaus; Kaltiala-Heino, Riittakerttu; Pelkonen, Mirjami; Marttunen, Mauri

2009-01-01

Associations of peer victimization with adolescent depression and social phobia (SP), while controlling for comorbidity between them, have not been sufficiently explored in earlier research. A total of 3156 Finnish adolescents aged 15-16 years participated in a survey study. Self-reported peer victimization, as well as self-reported depression…

76 FR 53057 - Change to the Reporting Date for Certain Data Elements Required Under the Mandatory Reporting of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-25

..., blast furnaces, basic oxygen process furnace shops. Lead Production 331419 Primary lead smelting and.... Chapter 5, generally provides that rules may not take effect earlier than 30 days after they are published... behavior and prepare before the final rule takes effect. Because this final rule defers a reporting...

Iowa timber industry--an assessment of timber product output and use, 2005

Treesearch

David E. Haugen; Dennis D. Michel

2010-01-01

Reports findings of a survey of all primary wood-using mills in Iowa in 2005 and compares those findings with earlier surveys. Production and receipts of industrial roundwood are reported by product, species, and county. Also reports the quantity, type, and disposition of wood and bark residues generated by Iowa's primary wood-using industry.

Michigan timber industry--an assessment of timber product output and use, 1996

Treesearch

David E. Haugen; John Pilon

2002-01-01

Reports findings of a survey of all primary wood-using mills in Michigan in 1996 and compares those findings with earlier surveys, Reports production and receipts of industrial roundwood by product, species, and county. Also reports the quantity, type, and disposition of wood and bark residues generated by Michigan''s primary wood-using industry.

Nebraska timber industry--an assessment of timber product output and use, 1993.

Treesearch

Ronald L. Hackett; Dennis M. Adams

1996-01-01

Reports findings of a survey of all primary wood-using mills in Nebraska in 1993 and compares those findings with earlier surveys. Reports production and receipts of industrial roundwood by product, species, and county. Also reports the quantity, type, and disposition of wood and bark residues generated by Nebraska's primary wood-using industry.

Michigan timber industry--an assessment of timber product output and use, 1998.

Treesearch

David E. Haugen; Anthony Weatherspoon

2003-01-01

Reports findings of a survey of all primary wood-using mills in Michigan in 1998 and compares those findings with earlier surveys. Production and receipts of industrial roundwood are reported by product, species, and county. Also reports the quantity, type, and disposition of wood and bark residues generated by Michigan''s primary wood-using industry.

Michigan timber industry--an assessment of timber product output and use, 1992.

Treesearch

Dennis M. May; John Pilon

1995-01-01

Reports findings of a survey of all primary wood-using mills in Michigan in 1992 and compares them with findings from earlier surveys. Production and receipts of industrial roundwood are reported by product, species, and county. Also reports the quantity, type, and disposition of wood and bark residues generated by Michigan's primary wood-using industry.

Kansas timber industry--an assessment of timber product output and use, 1993.

Treesearch

Ronald L. Hackett; John K. Strickler

1996-01-01

Reports findings of a survey of all primary wood-using mills in Kansas in 1993 and compares those findings with earlier surveys. Reports production and receipts of industrial roundwood by product, species, and county. Also reports the quantity, type, and disposition of wood and bark residues generated by Kansas's primary wood-using industry.

Development and Characterization of Probe-Based Real Time Quantitative RT-PCR Assays for Detection and Serotyping of Foot-And-Mouth Disease Viruses Circulating in West Eurasia

PubMed Central

Jamal, Syed M.; Belsham, Graham J.

2015-01-01

Rapid and accurate diagnosis of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) and virus serotyping are of paramount importance for control of this disease in endemic areas where vaccination is practiced. Ideally this virus characterization should be achieved without the need for virus amplification in cell culture. Due to the heterogeneity of FMD viruses (FMDVs) in different parts of the world, region specific diagnostic tests are required. In this study, hydrolysable probe-based real time reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assays were developed for specific detection and serotyping of the FMDVs currently circulating in West Eurasia. These assays were evaluated, in parallel with pan-FMDV diagnostic assays and earlier serotype-specific assays, using field samples originating from Pakistan and Afghanistan containing FMD viruses belonging to different sublineages of O-PanAsia, A-Iran05 and Asia-1 (Group-II and Group-VII (Sindh-08)). In addition, field samples from Iran and Bulgaria, containing FMDVs belonging to the O-PanAsiaANT-10 sublineage were also tested. Each of the three primer/probe sets was designed to be specific for just one of the serotypes O, A and Asia-1 of FMDV and detected the RNA from the target viruses with cycle threshold (CT) values comparable with those obtained with the serotype-independent pan-FMDV diagnostic assays. No cross-reactivity was observed in these assays between the heterotypic viruses circulating in the region. The assays reported here have higher diagnostic sensitivity (100% each for serotypes O and Asia-1, and 92% [95% CI = 81.4–100%] for serotype A positive samples) and specificity (100% each for serotypes O, A and Asia-1 positive samples) for the viruses currently circulating in West Eurasia compared to the serotyping assays reported earlier. Comparisons of the sequences of the primers and probes used in these assays and the corresponding regions of the circulating viruses provided explanations for the poor recognition of some of the viruses by the earlier assays. These new assays should help in the early detection and typing of serotype O, A and Asia-1 FMDVs circulating in West Eurasia to enable improved disease control. PMID:26270532

Development and Characterization of Probe-Based Real Time Quantitative RT-PCR Assays for Detection and Serotyping of Foot-And-Mouth Disease Viruses Circulating in West Eurasia.

PubMed

Jamal, Syed M; Belsham, Graham J

2015-01-01

Rapid and accurate diagnosis of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) and virus serotyping are of paramount importance for control of this disease in endemic areas where vaccination is practiced. Ideally this virus characterization should be achieved without the need for virus amplification in cell culture. Due to the heterogeneity of FMD viruses (FMDVs) in different parts of the world, region specific diagnostic tests are required. In this study, hydrolysable probe-based real time reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assays were developed for specific detection and serotyping of the FMDVs currently circulating in West Eurasia. These assays were evaluated, in parallel with pan-FMDV diagnostic assays and earlier serotype-specific assays, using field samples originating from Pakistan and Afghanistan containing FMD viruses belonging to different sublineages of O-PanAsia, A-Iran05 and Asia-1 (Group-II and Group-VII (Sindh-08)). In addition, field samples from Iran and Bulgaria, containing FMDVs belonging to the O-PanAsiaANT-10 sublineage were also tested. Each of the three primer/probe sets was designed to be specific for just one of the serotypes O, A and Asia-1 of FMDV and detected the RNA from the target viruses with cycle threshold (CT) values comparable with those obtained with the serotype-independent pan-FMDV diagnostic assays. No cross-reactivity was observed in these assays between the heterotypic viruses circulating in the region. The assays reported here have higher diagnostic sensitivity (100% each for serotypes O and Asia-1, and 92% [95% CI = 81.4-100%] for serotype A positive samples) and specificity (100% each for serotypes O, A and Asia-1 positive samples) for the viruses currently circulating in West Eurasia compared to the serotyping assays reported earlier. Comparisons of the sequences of the primers and probes used in these assays and the corresponding regions of the circulating viruses provided explanations for the poor recognition of some of the viruses by the earlier assays. These new assays should help in the early detection and typing of serotype O, A and Asia-1 FMDVs circulating in West Eurasia to enable improved disease control.

Sibling conflict in middle childhood predicts children's adjustment in early adolescence.

PubMed

Stocker, Clare M; Burwell, Rebecca A; Briggs, Megan L

2002-03-01

Associations between sibling conflict in middle childhood and psychological adjustment in early adolescence were studied in a sample of 80 boys and 56 girls. Parents and children provided self-report data about family relationships and children's adjustment. Parents' hostility to children was assessed from videotaped interactions. Results showed that sibling conflict at Time 1 predicted increases in children's anxiety, depressed mood, and delinquent behavior 2 years later. Moreover, earlier sibling conflict at Time 1 accounted for unique variance in young adolescents' Time 2 anxiety, depressed mood, and delinquent behavior above and beyond the variance explained by earlier maternal hostility and marital conflict. Children's adjustment at Time 1 did not predict sibling conflict at Time 2. Results highlight the unique significance of the earlier sibling relationship for young adolescents' psychological adjustment.

RAId_aPS: MS/MS Analysis with Multiple Scoring Functions and Spectrum-Specific Statistics

PubMed Central

Alves, Gelio; Ogurtsov, Aleksey Y.; Yu, Yi-Kuo

2010-01-01

Statistically meaningful comparison/combination of peptide identification results from various search methods is impeded by the lack of a universal statistical standard. Providing an -value calibration protocol, we demonstrated earlier the feasibility of translating either the score or heuristic -value reported by any method into the textbook-defined -value, which may serve as the universal statistical standard. This protocol, although robust, may lose spectrum-specific statistics and might require a new calibration when changes in experimental setup occur. To mitigate these issues, we developed a new MS/MS search tool, RAId_aPS, that is able to provide spectrum-specific -values for additive scoring functions. Given a selection of scoring functions out of RAId score, K-score, Hyperscore and XCorr, RAId_aPS generates the corresponding score histograms of all possible peptides using dynamic programming. Using these score histograms to assign -values enables a calibration-free protocol for accurate significance assignment for each scoring function. RAId_aPS features four different modes: (i) compute the total number of possible peptides for a given molecular mass range, (ii) generate the score histogram given a MS/MS spectrum and a scoring function, (iii) reassign -values for a list of candidate peptides given a MS/MS spectrum and the scoring functions chosen, and (iv) perform database searches using selected scoring functions. In modes (iii) and (iv), RAId_aPS is also capable of combining results from different scoring functions using spectrum-specific statistics. The web link is http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/CBBresearch/Yu/raid_aps/index.html. Relevant binaries for Linux, Windows, and Mac OS X are available from the same page. PMID:21103371

'I wish someone watched me interview:' medical student insight into observation and feedback as a method for teaching communication skills during the clinical years.

PubMed

Schopper, Heather; Rosenbaum, Marcy; Axelson, Rick

2016-11-09

Experts suggest observation and feedback is a useful tool for teaching and evaluating medical student communication skills during the clinical years. Failing to do this effectively risks contributing to deterioration of students' communication skills during the very educational period in which they are most important. While educators have been queried about their thoughts on this issue, little is known about what this process is like for learners and if they feel they get educational value from being observed. This study explored student perspectives regarding their experiences with clinical observation and feedback on communication skills. A total of 125 senior medical students at a U.S. medical school were interviewed about their experiences with observation and feedback. Thematic analysis of interview data identified common themes among student responses. The majority of students reported rarely being observed interviewing, and they reported receiving feedback even less frequently. Students valued having communication skills observed and became more comfortable with observation the more it occurred. Student-identified challenges included supervisor time constraints and grading based on observation. Most feedback focused on information gathering and was commonly delayed until well after the observed encounter. Eliciting students' perspectives on the effect of observation and feedback on the development of their communication skills is a unique way to look at this topic, and brings to light many student-identified obstacles and opportunities to maximize the educational value of observation and feedback for teaching communication, including increasing the number of observations, disassociating observation from numerically scored evaluation, training faculty to give meaningful feedback, and timing the observation/feedback earlier in clerkships.

Follow-on to a report on the Applicability of the “Gallet equation” to the vegetation clearances of NERC Reliability Standard FAC-003-2

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kirkham, Harold

2012-08-31

In earlier work, a study done at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory examined a NERC proposed standard specifying clearances between vegetation and power lines. The method proposed for calculating the clearances was based on the results of testing for high-voltage line designs. An equation developed to relate the results of testing with rod-plane gaps to proposed tower window sizes was incorporated into the calculations. The equation in question, sometimes called the “Gallet equation,” describes the insulation performance of the atmosphere for air gaps of a few meters. The equation was described in the PNNL study as a good and simple-to-usemore » way to solve a problem made difficult by the nonlinear interactions of the variables. For calculations based on this equation, a certain set of assumptions must be made. In particular, a value for a quantity called the “gap factor” is needed. This is the amount by which the gap to be modeled by the equation is stronger than the reference gap that was used in developing the Gallet equation. That reference gap is the gap between a rod and a plane. This follow-on report examines the effect on flashover probabilities of assuming an incorrect value for the gap factor. In particular, the flashover probability is found that would result from using a value of 1.3 when a gap factor of 1.0 should be applied. It is shown that with these assumptions the probability of a flashover changes from being extremely unlikely (about 1 in 1000 chance) to a virtual certainty (about 97% chance).« less

Mutations in GBA are associated with familial Parkinson disease susceptibility and age at onset.

PubMed

Nichols, W C; Pankratz, N; Marek, D K; Pauciulo, M W; Elsaesser, V E; Halter, C A; Rudolph, A; Wojcieszek, J; Pfeiffer, R F; Foroud, T

2009-01-27

To characterize sequence variation within the glucocerebrosidase (GBA) gene in a select subset of our sample of patients with familial Parkinson disease (PD) and then to test in our full sample whether these sequence variants increased the risk for PD and were associated with an earlier onset of disease. We performed a comprehensive study of all GBA exons in one patient with PD from each of 96 PD families, selected based on the family-specific lod scores at the GBA locus. Identified GBA variants were subsequently screened in all 1325 PD cases from 566 multiplex PD families and in 359 controls. Nine different GBA variants, five previously reported, were identified in 21 of the 96 PD cases sequenced. Screening for these variants in the full sample identified 161 variant carriers (12.2%) in 99 different PD families. An unbiased estimate of the frequency of the five previously reported GBA variants in the familial PD sample was 12.6% and in the control sample was 5.3% (odds ratio 2.6; 95% confidence interval 1.5-4.4). Presence of a GBA variant was associated with an earlier age at onset (p = 0.0001). On average, those patients carrying a GBA variant had onset with PD 6.04 years earlier than those without a GBA variant. This study suggests that GBA is a susceptibility gene for familial Parkinson disease (PD) and patients with GBA variants have an earlier age at onset than patients with PD without GBA variants.

On steady two-dimensional Carreau fluid flow over a wedge in the presence of infinite shear rate viscosity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Khan, Masood; Sardar, Humara

2018-03-01

This paper investigates the steady two-dimensional flow over a moving/static wedge in a Carreau viscosity model with infinite shear rate viscosity. Additionally, heat transfer analysis is performed. Using suitable transformations, nonlinear partial differential equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations and solved numerically using the Runge-Kutta Fehlberg method coupled with the shooting technique. The effects of various physical parameters on the velocity and temperature distributions are displayed graphically and discussed qualitatively. A comparison with the earlier reported results has been made with an excellent agreement. It is important to note that the increasing values of the wedge angle parameter enhance the fluid velocity while the opposite trend is observed for the temperature field for both shear thinning and thickening fluids. Generally, our results reveal that the velocity and temperature distributions are marginally influenced by the viscosity ratio parameter. Further, it is noted that augmented values of viscosity ratio parameter thin the momentum and thermal boundary layer thickness in shear thickening fluid and reverse is true for shear thinning fluid. Moreover, it is noticed that the velocity in case of moving wedge is higher than static wedge.

The value of 'life at any cost': Talk about stopping kidney dialysis

PubMed Central

Russ, Ann J.; Shim, Janet K.; Kaufman, Sharon R.

2007-01-01

With the trend toward an older, sicker dialysis population in the USA, discussions of ethical issues surrounding dialysis have shifted from concerns about access to and availability of the therapy, to growing unease about non-initiation and treatment discontinuation. Recent studies report treatment withdrawal as the leading cause of death among elderly dialysis patients. Yet, the actual activities that move patients toward stopping treatment often remain obscure, even to clinicians and patients themselves. This paper explores that paradox, drawing on anthropological research among patients over age 70, their families, and clinicians in two California renal dialysis units. It concludes that many older patients sacrifice a sense of choice about dialysis in the present to maintain “choice” as both value and possibility for the future. Yet, patients desire more information and communication, provided earlier in their illness, about prognosis, how long they can expect to be on dialysis, and what the impact of the treatment will be on their daily lives. That, with time, there is a transition to be made from dialysis as “treatment” to end of life care could be better explained and managed to alleviate patients’ confusion and unneeded isolation. PMID:17418924

Bioactive metabolites from an endophytic Cryptosporiopsis sp. inhabiting Clidemia hirta.

PubMed

Zilla, Mahesh K; Qadri, Masroor; Pathania, Anup S; Strobel, Gary A; Nalli, Yedukondalu; Kumar, Sunil; Guru, Santosh K; Bhushan, Shashi; Singh, Sanjay K; Vishwakarma, Ram A; Riyaz-Ul-Hassan, Syed; Ali, Asif

2013-11-01

An endophytic Cryptosporiopsis sp. was isolated from Clidemia hirta and analyzed for its secondary metabolites that lead to the isolation of three bioactive molecules. The compounds were purified from the culture broth of the fungus and their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods as (R)-5-hydroxy-2-methylchroman-4-one (1), 1-(2,6-dihydroxyphenyl)pentan-1-one (2) and (Z)-1-(2-(2-butyryl-3-hydroxyphenoxy)-6-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxybut-2-en-1-one (3). Compound 1 exhibited significant cytotoxic activity against the human leukemia cell line, HL-60 with an IC50 of 4 μg/ml. This compound induced G2 arrest of the HL-60 cell cycle significantly. In addition, out of these compounds, 2 and 3 were active against several bacterial pathogens. Compound 2 was active against Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus with IC50 values varying from 18 to 30 μg/ml, and compound 3 displayed activity against Pseudomonas fluorescens with an IC50 value of 6 μg/ml. Compounds 2 and 3 are novel whereas compound 1 was reported earlier but the stereochemistry of its C-2 methyl is established for the first time. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A new potential for radiation studies of borosilicate glass

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alharbi, Amal F.; Jolley, Kenny; Smith, Roger; Archer, Andrew J.; Christie, Jamieson K.

2017-02-01

Borosilicate glass containing 70 mol% SiO2 and 30 mol% B2O3 is investigated theoretically using fixed charge potentials. An existing potential parameterisation for borosilicate glass is found to give good agreement for the bond angle and bond length distributions compared to experimental values but the optimal density is 30% higher than experiment. Therefore the potential parameters are refitted to give an optimal density of 2.1 g/cm3, in line with experiment. To determine the optimal density, a series of random initial structures are quenched at a rate of 5 × 1012 K/s using constant volume molecular dynamics. An average of 10 such quenches is carried out for each fixed volume. For each quenched structure, the bond angles, bond lengths, mechanical properties and melting points are determined. The new parameterisation is found to give the density, bond angles, bond lengths and Young's modulus comparable with experimental data, however, the melting points and Poisson's ratio are higher than the reported experimental values. The displacement energy thresholds are computed to be similar to those determined with the earlier parameterisation, which is lower than those for ionic crystalline materials.

Major Evolutionary Trends in Hydrogen Isotope Fractionation of Vascular Plant Leaf Waxes

PubMed Central

Gao, Li; Edwards, Erika J.; Zeng, Yongbo; Huang, Yongsong

2014-01-01

Hydrogen isotopic ratios of terrestrial plant leaf waxes (δD) have been widely used for paleoclimate reconstructions. However, underlying controls for the observed large variations in leaf wax δD values in different terrestrial vascular plants are still poorly understood, hampering quantitative paleoclimate interpretation. Here we report plant leaf wax and source water δD values from 102 plant species grown in a common environment (New York Botanic Garden), chosen to represent all the major lineages of terrestrial vascular plants and multiple origins of common plant growth forms. We found that leaf wax hydrogen isotope fractionation relative to plant source water is best explained by membership in particular lineages, rather than by growth forms as previously suggested. Monocots, and in particular one clade of grasses, display consistently greater hydrogen isotopic fractionation than all other vascular plants, whereas lycopods, representing the earlier-diverging vascular plant lineage, display the smallest fractionation. Data from greenhouse experiments and field samples suggest that the changing leaf wax hydrogen isotopic fractionation in different terrestrial vascular plants may be related to different strategies in allocating photosynthetic substrates for metabolic and biosynthetic functions, and potential leaf water isotopic differences. PMID:25402476

Uric acid detection using uv-vis spectrometer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Norazmi, N.; Rasad, Z. R. Abdul; Mohamad, M.; Manap, H.

2017-10-01

The aim of this research is to detect uric acid (UA) concentration using Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectrometer in the Ultraviolet (UV) region. Absorption technique was proposed to detect different uric acid concentrations and its UV absorption wavelength. Current practices commonly take a lot of times or require complicated structures for the detection process. By this proposed spectroscopic technique, every concentration can be detected and interpreted into an absorbance value at a constant wavelength peak in the UV region. This is due to the chemical characteristics belong to the uric acid since it has a particular absorption cross-section, σ which can be calculated using Beer’s Lambert law formula. The detection performance was displayed using Spectrasuite sofware. It showed fast time response about 3 seconds. The experiment proved that the concentrations of uric acid were successfully detected using UV-Vis spectrometer at a constant absorption UV wavelength, 294.46 nm in a low time response. Even by an artificial sample of uric acid, it successfully displayed a close value as the ones reported with the use of the medical sample. It is applicable in the medical field and can be implemented in the future for earlier detection of abnormal concentration of uric acid.

Isolation and characterization of Chinese standard fulvic acid sub-fractions separated from forest soil by stepwise elution with pyrophosphate buffer.

PubMed

Bai, Yingchen; Wu, Fengchang; Xing, Baoshan; Meng, Wei; Shi, Guolan; Ma, Yan; Giesy, John P

2015-03-04

XAD-8 adsorption technique coupled with stepwise elution using pyrophosphate buffers with initial pH values of 3, 5, 7, 9, and 13 was developed to isolate Chinese standard fulvic acid (FA) and then separated the FA into five sub-fractions: FApH3, FApH5, FApH7, FApH9 and FApH13, respectively. Mass percentages of FApH3-FApH13 decreased from 42% to 2.5%, and the recovery ratios ranged from 99.0% to 99.5%. Earlier eluting sub-fractions contained greater proportions of carboxylic groups with greater polarity and molecular mass, and later eluting sub-fractions had greater phenolic and aliphatic content. Protein-like components, as well as amorphous and crystalline poly(methylene)-containing components were enriched using neutral and basic buffers. Three main mechanisms likely affect stepwise elution of humic components from XAD-8 resin with pyrophosphate buffers including: 1) the carboxylic-rich sub-fractions are deprotonated at lower pH values and eluted earlier, while phenolic-rich sub-fractions are deprotonated at greater pH values and eluted later. 2) protein or protein-like components can be desorbed and eluted by use of stepwise elution as progressively greater pH values exceed their isoelectric points. 3) size exclusion affects elution of FA sub-fractions. Successful isolation of FA sub-fractions will benefit exploration of the origin, structure, evolution and the investigation of interactions with environmental contaminants.

Isolation and Characterization of Chinese Standard Fulvic Acid Sub-fractions Separated from Forest Soil by Stepwise Elution with Pyrophosphate Buffer

PubMed Central

Bai, Yingchen; Wu, Fengchang; Xing, Baoshan; Meng, Wei; Shi, Guolan; Ma, Yan; Giesy, John P.

2015-01-01

XAD-8 adsorption technique coupled with stepwise elution using pyrophosphate buffers with initial pH values of 3, 5, 7, 9, and 13 was developed to isolate Chinese standard fulvic acid (FA) and then separated the FA into five sub-fractions: FApH3, FApH5, FApH7, FApH9 and FApH13, respectively. Mass percentages of FApH3-FApH13 decreased from 42% to 2.5%, and the recovery ratios ranged from 99.0% to 99.5%. Earlier eluting sub-fractions contained greater proportions of carboxylic groups with greater polarity and molecular mass, and later eluting sub-fractions had greater phenolic and aliphatic content. Protein-like components, as well as amorphous and crystalline poly(methylene)-containing components were enriched using neutral and basic buffers. Three main mechanisms likely affect stepwise elution of humic components from XAD-8 resin with pyrophosphate buffers including: 1) the carboxylic-rich sub-fractions are deprotonated at lower pH values and eluted earlier, while phenolic-rich sub-fractions are deprotonated at greater pH values and eluted later. 2) protein or protein-like components can be desorbed and eluted by use of stepwise elution as progressively greater pH values exceed their isoelectric points. 3) size exclusion affects elution of FA sub-fractions. Successful isolation of FA sub-fractions will benefit exploration of the origin, structure, evolution and the investigation of interactions with environmental contaminants. PMID:25735451

THE VOLATILE COMPOSITION OF COMET C/2003 K4 (LINEAR) AT NEAR-IR WAVELENGTHS—COMPARISONS WITH RESULTS FROM THE NANÇAY RADIO TELESCOPE AND FROM THE ODIN, SPITZER, AND SOHO SPACE OBSERVATORIES

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Paganini, L.; Mumma, M. J.; Villanueva, G. L.

2015-07-20

We observed comet C/2003 K4 (LINEAR) using NIRSPEC at the Keck Observatory on UT 2004 November 28, when the comet was at 1.28 AU from the Sun (post-perihelion) and 1.38 AU from Earth. We detected six gaseous species (H{sub 2}O, OH*, C{sub 2}H{sub 6}, CH{sub 3}OH, CH{sub 4}, and HCN) and obtained upper limits for three others (H{sub 2}CO, C{sub 2}H{sub 2}, and NH{sub 3}). Our results indicate a water production rate of (1.72 ± 0.18) × 10{sup 29} molecules s{sup −1}, in reasonable agreement with production rates from SOHO (on the same day), Odin (one day earlier), and Nançaymore » (about two weeks earlier). We also report abundances (relative to water) for seven trace species: CH{sub 3}OH (∼1.8%), CH{sub 4} (∼0.9%), and C{sub 2}H{sub 6} (∼0.4%) that were consistent with mean values among Oort cloud (OC) comets, while NH{sub 3} (<0.55%), HCN (∼0.07%), H{sub 2}CO (<0.07%), and C{sub 2}H{sub 2} (<0.04%) were “lower” than the mean values in other OC comets. We extracted inner-coma rotational temperatures for four species (H{sub 2}O, C{sub 2}H{sub 6}, CH{sub 3}OH, and CH{sub 4}), all of which are consistent with 70 K (within 1σ). The extracted ortho-para ratio for water was 3.0 ± 0.15, corresponding to spin temperatures larger than 39 K (at the 1σ level) and agreeing with those obtained with the Spitzer Space Telescope at the 2σ level.« less

A Primer on Applying Monte Carlo Simulation, Real Options Analysis, Knowledge Value Added, Forecasting, and Portfolio Optimization

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-02-08

popular pastime. Even in Biblical accounts, Roman soldiers cast lots for Christ’s robes. In earlier times, chance was something that occurred in nature...with the advent of blazing fast computing technology, our modern world of uncertainty can be explained with much more elegance through

Reactions to Western Values as Reflected in African Novels.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brown, Ella

1987-01-01

Earlier African novels, addressed to a Western audience, defend the traditional culture of the authors and attack the hypocrisy of the West. Later novels, written after 1960, are addressed to an African audience, and present balanced appraisals of Western culture and religion. Discusses rhetorical devices and other aspects of African novels. (BJV)

Outcomes-Based Funding in Historical and Comparative Context. Lumina Issue Papers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hearn, James C.

2015-01-01

With the advent of outcomes-based funding policies, state policymakers are increasingly committed to basing public college and university funding on how institutions perform on valued measures such as program progress and degree completion. This rising emphasis is considered here in the historical context of three earlier state funding approaches:…

CHARACTERISTICS OF TRANSVERSE ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELD TRANSMISSION CELLS AT EXTREMELY LOW FREQUENCIES

EPA Science Inventory

Transverse electric and magnetic field cells are often designed to subject samples to electromagnetic radiation of intrinsic impedance (E/H) that is the same as in free space, 377 ohms. Earlier work has shown this value to be correct for the RF region. In the study, measurements ...

Using Goal Analysis to Drive Improvements in Performance and Outcomes

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lawlor, David; Spitz, Romy; York, Michaela; Harvey, Brenda

2013-01-01

Economic pressures for public health and human services systems to control budgets are increasing the need for demonstrating value of support services provided to persons with intellectual disabilities. In this article, we build from earlier work that presented a method for assessing goal attainment to expand the study of goal characteristics as a…

K-shell photoelectric cross sections for intermediate-Z elements at 26 keV

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kumar, Suresh; Singh, N.; Allawadhi, K. L.; Sood, B. S.

1986-08-01

Our earlier measurements of K-shell photoelectric cross sections for intermediate Z elements at 74 and 37 keV have been extended to 26 keV using external conversion x rays in Sn. The experimental results are found to show fairly good agreement with the theoretical values of Scofield.

On solvability of boundary value problems for hyperbolic fourth-order equations with nonlocal boundary conditions of integral type

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Popov, Nikolay S.

2017-11-01

Solvability of some initial-boundary value problems for linear hyperbolic equations of the fourth order is studied. A condition on the lateral boundary in these problems relates the values of a solution or the conormal derivative of a solution to the values of some integral operator applied to a solution. Nonlocal boundary-value problems for one-dimensional hyperbolic second-order equations with integral conditions on the lateral boundary were considered in the articles by A.I. Kozhanov. Higher-dimensional hyperbolic equations of higher order with integral conditions on the lateral boundary were not studied earlier. The existence and uniqueness theorems of regular solutions are proven. The method of regularization and the method of continuation in a parameter are employed to establish solvability.

Numerical analysis of the asymptotic two-point boundary value solution for N-body trajectories.

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lancaster, J. E.; Allemann, R. A.

1972-01-01

Previously published asymptotic solutions for lunar and interplanetary trajectories have been modified and combined to formulate a general analytical boundary value solution applicable to a broad class of trajectory problems. In addition, the earlier first-order solutions have been extended to second-order to determine if improved accuracy is possible. Comparisons between the asymptotic solution and numerical integration for several lunar and interplanetary trajectories show that the asymptotic solution is generally quite accurate. Also, since no iterations are required, a solution to the boundary value problem is obtained in a fraction of the time required for numerically integrated solutions.

Quantitative Diagnosis of Continuous-Valued, Stead-State Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rouquette, N.

1995-01-01

Quantitative diagnosis involves numerically estimating the values of unobservable parameters that best explain the observed parameter values. We consider quantitative diagnosis for continuous, lumped- parameter, steady-state physical systems because such models are easy to construct and the diagnosis problem is considerably simpler than that for corresponding dynamic models. To further tackle the difficulties of numerically inverting a simulation model to compute a diagnosis, we propose to decompose a physical system model in terms of feedback loops. This decomposition reduces the dimension of the problem and consequently decreases the diagnosis search space. We illustrate this approach on a model of thermal control system studied in earlier research.

Electron-Ion Recombination Rate Coefficient Measurements in a Flowing Afterglow Plasma

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gougousi, Theodosia; Golde, Michael F.; Johnsen, Rainer

1996-01-01

The flowing-afterglow technique in conjunction with computer modeling of the flowing plasma has been used to determine accurate dissociative-recombination rate coefficients alpha for the ions O2(+), HCO(+), CH5(+), C2H5(+), H3O(+), CO2(+), HCO2(+), HN2O(+), and N2O(+) at 295 K. We find that the simple form of data analysis that was employed in earlier experiments was adequate and we largely confirm earlier results. In the case of HCO(+) ions, published coefficients range from 1.1 X 10(exp -7) to 2.8 x 10(exp -7) cu cm/S, while our measurements give a value of 1.9 x 10(exp -7) cu cm/S.

Conformal Weyl Gravity and Perihelion Precession

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sultana, Joseph; Kazanas, Demosthenes; Said, Jakson, Levi

2012-01-01

We investigate the perihelion shift of planetary motion in conformal Weyl gravity using the metric of the static, spherically symmetric solution discovered by Mannheim and Kazanas. To this end we employ a procedure similar to that used by Weinberg for the Schwarzschild solution, which has also been used recently to study the solar system effects of the cosmological constant Lambda. We show that besides the general relativistic terms obtained earlier from the Schwarzschild-de Sitter solution, the expression for the perihelion shift includes a negative contribution which arises from the linear term gamma ray in the metric. Using data for perihelion shift observations, we obtain constraints on the value of the constant gammma similar to that obtained earlier using galactic rotational curves.

Mars Pathfinder Near-Field Rock Distribution Re-Evaluation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Haldemann, A. F. C.; Golombek, M. P.

2003-01-01

We have completed analysis of a new near-field rock count at the Mars Pathfinder landing site and determined that the previously published rock count suggesting 16% cumulative fractional area (CFA) covered by rocks is incorrect. The earlier value is not so much wrong (our new CFA is 20%), as right for the wrong reason: both the old and the new CFA's are consistent with remote sensing data, however the earlier determination incorrectly calculated rock coverage using apparent width rather than average diameter. Here we present details of the new rock database and the new statistics, as well as the importance of using rock average diameter for rock population statistics. The changes to the near-field data do not affect the far-field rock statistics.

Biological consequences of earlier snowmelt from desert dust deposition in alpine landscapes.

PubMed

Steltzer, Heidi; Landry, Chris; Painter, Thomas H; Anderson, Justin; Ayres, Edward

2009-07-14

Dust deposition to mountain snow cover, which has increased since the late 19(th) century, accelerates the rate of snowmelt by increasing the solar radiation absorbed by the snowpack. Snowmelt occurs earlier, but is decoupled from seasonal warming. Climate warming advances the timing of snowmelt and early season phenological events (e.g., the onset of greening and flowering); however, earlier snowmelt without warmer temperatures may have a different effect on phenology. Here, we report the results of a set of snowmelt manipulations in which radiation-absorbing fabric and the addition and removal of dust from the surface of the snowpack advanced or delayed snowmelt in the alpine tundra. These changes in the timing of snowmelt were superimposed on a system where the timing of snowmelt varies with topography and has been affected by increased dust loading. At the community level, phenology exhibited a threshold response to the timing of snowmelt. Greening and flowering were delayed before seasonal warming, after which there was a linear relationship between the date of snowmelt and the timing of phenological events. Consequently, the effects of earlier snowmelt on phenology differed in relation to topography, which resulted in increasing synchronicity in phenology across the alpine landscape with increasingly earlier snowmelt. The consequences of earlier snowmelt from increased dust deposition differ from climate warming and include delayed phenology, leading to synchronized growth and flowering across the landscape and the opportunity for altered species interactions, landscape-scale gene flow via pollination, and nutrient cycling.

National Training Center (NTC) Analysis

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-05-29

CONTRACT FOR S100K NTC CONCEPT STUDY PRESENTATION TO DARPA/TRADOC SIOOK ADD- ON FOR FURTHER NTC CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT SAI CONCEPT FOR 1-ALPHA...Technical Report 29 May 1981 I I I This document is submitted in fulfillment of contract No. DAAK 40-78-C-0198. It is the final report on Phase 1...many technical reports have been published previously. This report draws on these earlier reports and presents a comprehensive summary and overview

Facilities Spending Criticized as Uneven

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Greifner, Laura

2006-01-01

This article features a report on states and school districts spending almost $600 billion on building and renovating schools from 1995 to 2004, an amount that far exceed earlier expectations. The report also emphasized the uneven facilities spending between minority and affluent districts. Besides receiving the least money for facilities, the…

Parent-Reported Repetitive Behavior in Toddlers on the Autism Spectrum

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schertz, Hannah H.; Odom, Samuel L.; Baggett, Baggett M.; Sideris, John H.

2016-01-01

Toddlers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were assessed on the Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised (RBS-R), which we found to have acceptable internal consistency. Stereotypical subscale scores showed a negligible association with cognitive level, but correlated more strongly with adaptive and social indicators. Relative to earlier reported RBS-R…

14 CFR 1260.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... organized primarily for profit. Effective date means the date work can begin, which could be earlier or..., 26 U.S.C. 501. Progress report means a concise statement of work accomplished during the report... fabricated with grant funds by a recipient for the performance of work under its grant. Small business...

14 CFR 1260.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... organized primarily for profit. Effective date means the date work can begin, which could be earlier or..., 26 U.S.C. 501. Progress report means a concise statement of work accomplished during the report... fabricated with grant funds by a recipient for the performance of work under its grant. Small business...

Numerical Simulation of the Vortex-Induced Vibration of A Curved Flexible Riser in Shear Flow

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhu, Hong-jun; Lin, Peng-zhi

2018-06-01

A series of fully three-dimensional (3D) numerical simulations of flow past a free-to-oscillate curved flexible riser in shear flow were conducted at Reynolds number of 185-1015. The numerical results obtained by the two-way fluid-structure interaction (FSI) simulations are in good agreement with the experimental results reported in the earlier study. It is further found that the frequency transition is out of phase not only in the inline (IL) and crossflow (CF) directions but also along the span direction. The mode competition leads to the non-zero nodes of the rootmean- square (RMS) amplitude and the relatively chaotic trajectories. The fluid-structure interaction is to some extent reflected by the transverse velocity of the ambient fluid, which reaches the maximum value when the riser reaches the equilibrium position. Moreover, the local maximum transverse velocities occur at the peak CF amplitudes, and the values are relatively large when the vibration is in the resonance regions. The 3D vortex columns are shed nearly parallel to the axis of the curved flexible riser. As the local Reynolds number increases from 0 at the bottom of the riser to the maximum value at the top, the wake undergoes a transition from a two-dimensional structure to a 3D one. More irregular small-scale vortices appeared at the wake region of the riser, undergoing large amplitude responses.

Effects of anhydrous AlCl3 dopant on the structural, optical and electrical properties of PVA-PVP polymer composite films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shanmugam, G.; Krishnakumar, V.

2018-05-01

Polymer composite films based on PVA-PVP with AlCl3 as the dopant at different concentrations were prepared using solution casting technique. XRD patterns reveal the increase in amorphousity of the films with AlCl3 doping. Optical absorption studies exhibit that the values of optical absorption coefficient, direct and indirect optical band gaps are found to decrease with increase in AlCl3 concentration. It confirms the charge transfer in complexes between the polymer and the dopant. The dielectric studies show the increase in dielectric constant at low frequency with increasing AlCl3 concentration and temperature. The ac conductivity and ionic conductivity increase with the AlCl3 content and the maximum value at room temperature is found to be 6.89 × 10-4 and 8.05 × 10-5 S/cm for higher AlCl3 doped PVA-PVP film. The estimated ionic conductivity value is three or four orders of magnitude greater than those obtained in the certain representative polymer-salt complexes as reported earlier. Electrical modulus plots confirm the removal of electrode polarization and the low conductivity relaxation time with Al doping. The activation energy estimated from the temperature dependent dc conductivity plot is agreed well with the migration energy calculated from the temperature dependent electric modulus plot.

Stable isotopes in water vapor and rainwater over Indian sector of Southern Ocean and estimation of fraction of recycled moisture.

PubMed

Rahul, P; Prasanna, K; Ghosh, Prosenjit; Anilkumar, N; Yoshimura, Kei

2018-05-15

Stable Hydrogen and Oxygen isotopic composition of water vapor, rainwater and surface seawater show a distinct trend across the latitude over the Southern Indian Ocean. Our observations on isotopic composition of surface seawater, water vapor and rainwater across a transect covering the tropical Indian Ocean to the regions of the Southern Ocean showed a strong latitudinal dependency; characterized by the zonal process of evaporation and precipitation. The sampling points were spread across diverse zones of SST, wind speed and rainfall regimes. The observed physical parameters such as sea surface temperature, wind speed and relative humidity over the oceanic regions were used in a box model calculation across the latitudes to predict the isotopic composition of water vapor under equilibrium and kinetic conditions, and compared with results from isotope enabled global spectral model. Further, we obtained the average fraction of recycled moisture across the oceanic transect latitudes as 13.4 ± 7.7%. The values of recycled fraction were maximum at the vicinity of the Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), while the minimum values were recorded over the region of subsidence and evaporation, at the Northern and Southern latitudes of the ITCZ. These estimates are consistent with the earlier reported recyling values.

Linear free energy relationship and deuterium kinetic isotope effect observed on phospho and thiophosphoryl transfer reactions in some organophosphorous compounds

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lumbiny, B. J.; Hui, Z.; Islam, M. A.; Quader, M. A.; Rahman, M.

2014-04-01

Tetracoordinated organophosphorous compounds were synthesized, characterized and nucleophilic substitution reaction were investigated by varying substituents around phosphorous centre or in nucleophile considering its utility in biological and environmental system. The reactivity is expressed in terms of second-order rate constant, k2 and measured conductometrically. Linear Free Energy Relationship (LFER) tools mainly Hammett (ρ), Brönsted (β) LFER coefficients and deuterium kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) being determined for the pyridinolysis of 4 - chlorophenyl 4 - methoxy phenyl chlorophosphate, 1 in acetonitrile at 5.0 °C. The experimental data's were compared with those of structurally similar organophosphorous compounds reported earlier in quest for the mechanistic information. Nice linear correlation being found for Hammett (logk2 vs σx), having negative value of the ρX = -5.85 and Brönsted (logk2 vs pKa(x)) plots having large positive value for βX = 1.18 for 1 can be interpreted as SN2 process with greater extent of bond formation in transition state (TS) of 1. The observed kH/kD values of 1 is 1.00 ± 0.05 and net KIE, 1.32 suggests the primary KIE and indicates frontside nucleophilic attack through the partial deprotonation of pyridine occurs by the hydrogen bonding in the rate-determining step.

Constant electrical resistivity of Ni along the melting boundary up to 9 GPa

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Silber, Reynold E.; Secco, Richard A.; Yong, Wenjun

2017-07-01

Characterization of transport properties of liquid Ni at high pressures has important geophysical implications for terrestrial planetary interiors, because Ni is a close electronic analogue of Fe and it is also integral to Earth's core. We report measurements of the electrical resistivity of solid and liquid Ni at pressures 3-9 GPa using a 3000 t multianvil large volume press. A four-wire method, in conjunction with a rapid acquisition meter and polarity switch, was used to overcome experimental challenges such as melt containment and maintaining sample geometry and to mitigate the extreme reactivity/solubility of liquid Ni with most thermocouple and electrode materials. Thermal conductivity is calculated using the Wiedemann-Franz law. Electrical resistivity of solid Ni exhibits the expected P dependence and is consistent with earlier experimental values. Within experimental uncertainties, our results indicate that resistivity of liquid Ni remains invariant along the P-dependent melting boundary, which is in disagreement with earlier prediction for liquid transition metals. The potential reasons for such behavior are examined qualitatively through the impact of P-independent local short-range ordering on electron mean free path and the possibility of constant Fermi surface at the onset of Ni melting. Correlation among metals obeying the Kadowaki-Woods ratio and the group of late transition metals with unfilled d-electron band displaying anomalously shallow melting curves suggests that on the melting boundary, Fe may exhibit the same resistivity behavior as Ni. This could have important implications for the heat flow in the Earth's core.

Substance dependence among those without symptoms of substance abuse in the World Mental Health Survey.

PubMed

Lago, Luise; Glantz, Meyer D; Kessler, Ronald C; Sampson, Nancy A; Al-Hamzawi, Ali; Florescu, Silvia; Moskalewicz, Jacek; Murphy, Sam; Navarro-Mateu, Fernando; Torres de Galvis, Yolanda; Viana, Maria Carmen; Xavier, Miguel; Degenhardt, Louisa

2017-09-01

The World Health Organization (WHO) World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative uses the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). The first 13 surveys only assessed substance dependence among respondents with a history of substance abuse; later surveys also assessed substance dependence without symptoms of abuse. We compared results across the two sets of surveys to assess implications of the revised logic and develop an imputation model for missing values of lifetime dependence in the earlier surveys. Lifetime dependence without symptoms of abuse was low in the second set of surveys (0.3% alcohol, 0.2% drugs). Regression-based imputation models were built in random half-samples of the new surveys and validated in the other half. There were minimal differences for imputed and actual reported cases in the validation dataset for age, gender and quantity; more mental disorders and days out of role were found in the imputed cases. Concordance between imputed and observed dependence cases in the full sample was high for alcohol [sensitivity 88.0%, specificity 99.8%, total classification accuracy (TCA) 99.5%, area under the curve (AUC) 0.94] and drug dependence (sensitivity 100.0%, specificity 99.8%, TCA 99.8%, AUC 1.00). This provides cross-national evidence of the small degree to which lifetime dependence occurs without symptoms of abuse. Imputation of substance dependence in the earlier WMH surveys improved estimates of dependence. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Assessing medical students' attitudes towards learning communication skills--which components of attitudes do we measure?

PubMed

Anvik, Tor; Gude, Tore; Grimstad, Hilde; Baerheim, Anders; Fasmer, Ole B; Hjortdahl, Per; Holen, Are; Risberg, Terje; Vaglum, Per

2007-03-30

The Communication Skills Attitudes Scale (CSAS) created by Rees, Sheard and Davies and published in 2002 has been a widely used instrument for measuring medical students' attitudes towards learning communication skills. Earlier studies have shown that the CSAS mainly tests two dimensions of attitudes towards communication; positive attitudes (PAS) and negative attitudes (NAS). The objectives of our study are to explore the attitudes of Norwegian medical students towards learning communication skills, and to compare our findings with reports from other countries. The CSAS questionnaire was mailed simultaneously to all students (n = 3055) of the four medical schools in Norway in the spring of 2003. Response from 1833 students (60.0%) were analysed by use of SPSS ver.12. A Principal component analysis yielded findings that differ in many respects from those of earlier papers. We found the CSAS to measure three factors. The first factor describes students' feelings about the way communication skills are taught, whereas the second factor describes more fundamental attitudes and values connected to the importance of having communication skills for doctors. The third factor explores whether students feel that good communication skills may help them respecting patients and colleagues. Our findings indicate that in this sample the CSAS measures broader aspects of attitudes towards learning communication skills than the formerly described two-factor model with PAS and NAS. This may turn out to be helpful for monitoring the effect of different teaching strategies on students' attitudes during medical school.

The supernova-regulated ISM. III. Generation of vorticity, helicity, and mean flows

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Käpylä, M. J.; Gent, F. A.; Väisälä, M. S.; Sarson, G. R.

2018-03-01

Context. The forcing of interstellar turbulence, driven mainly by supernova (SN) explosions, is irrotational in nature, but the development of significant amounts of vorticity and helicity, accompanied by large-scale dynamo action, has been reported. Aim. Several earlier investigations examined vorticity production in simpler systems; here all the relevant processes can be considered simultaneously. We also investigate the mechanisms for the generation of net helicity and large-scale flow in the system. Methods: We use a three-dimensional, stratified, rotating and shearing local simulation domain of the size 1 × 1 × 2 kpc3, forced with SN explosions occurring at a rate typical of the solar neighbourhood in the Milky Way. In addition to the nominal simulation run with realistic Milky Way parameters, we vary the rotation and shear rates, but keep the absolute value of their ratio fixed. Reversing the sign of shear vs. rotation allows us to separate the rotation- and shear-generated contributions. Results: As in earlier studies, we find the generation of significant amounts of vorticity, the rotational flow comprising on average 65% of the total flow. The vorticity production can be related to the baroclinicity of the flow, especially in the regions of hot, dilute clustered supernova bubbles. In these regions, the vortex stretching acts as a sink of vorticity. In denser, compressed regions, the vortex stretching amplifies vorticity, but remains sub-dominant to baroclinicity. The net helicities produced by rotation and shear are of opposite signs for physically motivated rotation laws, with the solar neighbourhood parameters resulting in the near cancellation of the total net helicity. We also find the excitation of oscillatory mean flows, the strength and oscillation period of which depend on the Coriolis and shear parameters; we interpret these as signatures of the anisotropic-kinetic-α (AKA) effect. We use the method of moments to fit for the turbulent transport coefficients, and find αAKA values of the order 3-5 km s-1. Conclusions: Even in a weakly rotationally and shear-influenced system, small-scale anisotropies can lead to significant effects at large scales. Here we report on two consequences of such effects, namely on the generation of net helicity and on the emergence of large-scale flows by the AKA effect, the latter detected for the first time in a direct numerical simulation of a realistic astrophysical system.

Quantifying the Economic Value and Quality of Life Impact of Earlier Influenza Vaccination

PubMed Central

Lee, Bruce Y.; Bartsch, Sarah M.; Brown, Shawn T.; Cooley, Philip; Wheaton, William D.; Zimmerman, Richard K.

2015-01-01

Background Influenza vaccination is administered throughout the influenza disease season, even as late as March. Given such timing, what is the value of vaccinating the population earlier than currently being practiced? Methods We used real data on when individuals were vaccinated in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, and the following 2 models to determine the value of vaccinating individuals earlier (by the end of September, October, and November): Framework for Reconstructing Epidemiological Dynamics (FRED), an agent-based model (ABM), and FluEcon, our influenza economic model that translates cases from the ABM to outcomes and costs [health care and lost productivity costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs)]. We varied the reproductive number (R0) from 1.2 to 1.6. Results Applying the current timing of vaccinations averted 223,761 influenza cases, $16.3 million in direct health care costs, $50.0 million in productivity losses, and 804 in QALYs, compared with no vaccination (February peak, R0 1.2). When the population does not have preexisting immunity and the influenza season peaks in February (R0 1.2–1.6), moving individuals who currently received the vaccine after September to the end of September could avert an additional 9634–17,794 influenza cases, $0.6–$1.4 million in direct costs, $2.1–$4.0 million in productivity losses, and 35–64 QALYs. Moving the vaccination of just children to September (R0 1.2–1.6) averted 11,366–1660 influenza cases, $0.6–$0.03 million in direct costs, $2.3–$0.2 million in productivity losses, and 42–8 QALYs. Moving the season peak to December increased these benefits, whereas increasing preexisting immunity reduced these benefits. Conclusion Even though many people are vaccinated well after September/October, they likely are still vaccinated early enough to provide substantial cost-savings. PMID:25590676

School Enrollment--Social and Economic Characteristics of Students: October 1977 (Advance Report). Current Population Reports. Population Characteristics. Series P-20, No. 321.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bureau of the Census (DOC), Suitland, MD.

This report presents a summary of recent trends in school and college enrollment based on the October 1977 Current Population Survey (CPS) and earlier surveys. Enrollment statistics representing growth and decline at various educational levels are evaluated in written summaries. Comparative and distributive enrollment statistics of the population…

Retention Patterns in the Los Angeles Unified School District. June 1989. Publication No. 557.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Isonio, Steven

This annual report shows the number and percentage of students retained in grade at the conclusion of the 1988-89 school year in the Los Angeles Unified School District (LAUSD). Statistical data were gathered from a principal's report, a student survey, and earlier reports. The following findings are presented: (1) in June of 1989, 30,413 students…

False Rumors and True Belief: Memory Processes Underlying Children's Errant Reports of Rumored Events

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Principe, Gabrielle F.; Haines, Brooke; Adkins, Amber; Guiliano, Stephanie

2010-01-01

Previous research has shown that overhearing an errant rumor--either from an adult or from peers--about an earlier experience can lead children to make detailed false reports. This study investigates the extent to which such accounts are driven by changes in children's memory representations or merely social demands that encourage the reporting of…

A Survey of Materials Development Needs in the Less Commonly Taught Languages in the United States. Final Project Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clark, John L. D.; Johnson, Dora E.

Materials development needs in the less commonly taught languages were surveyed in order to update an earlier conference report and set priorities for the 1980s. Questionnaires were developed for university department chairpersons, instructors, and business language programs. The survey response data are reported on (1) teaching program structure,…

The State Dollar and the Schools. A Discussion of State Aid Programs in Massachusetts and Promising Reforms.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ryan, Charlotte

This report discusses the history and nature of State aid to education in Massachusetts. The report is both a summary and an update of information contained in four earlier studies that analyzed the economics of education in Massachusetts and the State's new equalizing education aid formula. The report recommends that the State adopt an…

South Dakota timber industry--an assessment of timber product output and use, 1993

Treesearch

Ronald Hackett; Raymond A. Sowers

1996-01-01

Reports findings of a survey of all primary wood-using mills in South Dakota in 1993 and compares those findings with earlier surveys. Reports production and receipts of industrial roundwood by product, species, and county. Also reports the quantity, type, and disposition of wood and bark residues generated by South Dakota's primary wood-using industry.

North Dakota timber industry--an assessment of timber product output and use, 2003.

Treesearch

David E. Haugen; Robert A. Harsel

2005-01-01

Reports findings of a survey of all primary wood-using mills in North Dakota in 2003 and compares those findings with earlier surveys. Production and receipts of industrial roundwood are reported by product, species, and county. Also reports the quantity, type, and disposition of wood and bark residues generated by North Dakota's primary wood-using industry.

North Dakota timber industry-an assessment of timber product output and use, 1998.

Treesearch

David E. Haugen; Robert A. Harsel

2001-01-01

Reports findings of a survey of all primary wood-using mills in North Dakota in 1998 and compares those findings with earlier surveys. Reports production and receipts of industrial roundwood by product, species, and county. Also reports the quantity, type and disposition of wood and bark residues generated by North Dakota's primary wood-using industry.

North Dakota timber industry--an assessment of timber product output and use, 1993.

Treesearch

Dennis M. May; Robert Harsel

1995-01-01

Reports findings of a survey of all primary wood-using mills in North Dakota in 1993 and compares those findings with earlier surveys. Production and receipts of industrial roundwood are reported by product, species, and county. Also reports the quantity, type, and disposition of wood and bark residues generated by North Dakota's primary wood-using industry....

29th Annual Report to Congress on the Implementation of the "Individuals with Disabilities Education Act," 2007. Volume 2

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services, US Department of Education, 2010

2010-01-01

The "29th Annual Report to Congress on the Implementation of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, 2007" follows the 2006--i.e., the 28th annual report--in sequence. The "29th Annual Report to Congress" is, however, the first to have three volumes. In the 28th and earlier editions, volume 2 consisted of data tables…

Radioactive materials released from nuclear power plants. Annual report, 1980

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tichler, J.; Benkovitz, C.

Releases of radioactive materials in airborne and liquid effluents from commercial light water reactors during 1980 have been compiled and reported. Data on solid waste shipments as well as selected operating information have been included. This report supplements earlier annual reports issued by the former Atomic Energy Commission and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. The 1980 release data are summarized in tabular form. Data covering specific radionuclides are summarized.

Radioactive materials released from nuclear power plants: Annual report, 1984

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tichler, J.; Norden, K.; Congemi, J.

Releases of radioactive materials in airborne and liquid effluents from commercial light water reactors during 1984 have been compiled and reported. Data on solid waste shipments as well as selected operating information have been included. This report supplements earlier annual reports issued by the former Atomic Energy Commission and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. The 1984 release data are summarized in tabular form. Data covering specific radionuclides are summarized.

Radioactive materials released from nuclear power plants: Annual report, 1985

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tichler, J.; Norden, K.; Congemi, J.

Releases of radioactive materials in airborne and liquid effluents from commercial light water reactors during 1985 have been compiled and reported. Data on solid waste shipments as well as selected operating information have been included. This report supplements earlier annual reports issued by the former Atomic Energy Commission and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. The 1985 release data are summarized in tabular form. Data covering specific radionuclides are summarized.

In situ analysis of carbon isotopes in North American diamonds

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

van Rythoven, A. D.; Hauri, E. H.; Wang, J.; McCandless, T.; Shirey, S. B.; Schulze, D. J.

2010-12-01

Diamonds from three North American kimberlite occurrences were investigated with cathodoluminescence (CL) and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) to determine their growth history and carbon isotope composition. Diamonds analyzed include fourteen from Lynx (Quebec), twelve from Kelsey Lake (Colorado) and eleven from A154 South (Diavik mine, Northwest Territories). Growth histories for the diamonds vary from simple to highly complex based on their CL images and depending on the individual stone. Deformation laminae are evident in CL images of the Lynx diamonds that typically are brownish in color. Two to five points per diamond were analyzed by SIMS for carbon isotope composition. Sample heterogeneity is minimal in terms of δ13C (vs. PDB) values. Points within single diamond had a maximum range of approximately 1 ‰. The results for the A154 South (-6.4 to -3 ‰) and Kelsey Lake (-11.2 to -2.6 ‰) stones were in accordance with earlier reported values. The Lynx kimberlite stones have anomalously high ratios and range from -3.5 to +0.2 ‰ (average: -1.4 ‰). No previous carbon isotope analyses on diamonds from Lynx or any other eastern Superior craton occurrence have been published. The diamonds possess carbon isotope ratios higher than those for the only other reported analyses of Superior craton diamonds at Wawa, Ontario (-5.5 to -1.1 ‰). In global terms, the only published analyses of diamonds that consistently contain even higher values are those from New South Wales (Australia). However, these diamonds are alluvial and contain eclogitic and/or exotic mineral inclusions. The Lynx diamonds are entirely peridotitic and from a primary deposit. The unusually low (i.e. >-5‰) δ13C values of the Lynx (and Wawa) diamonds may indicate a different carbon reservoir for the Superior craton mantle as compared to other cratons.

Changing snow seasonality in the highlands of Kyrgyzstan

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tomaszewska, Monika A.; Henebry, Geoffrey M.

2018-06-01

Few studies have examined changing snow seasonality in Central Asia. Here, we analyzed changes in the seasonality of snow cover across Kyrgyzstan (KGZ) over 14 years from 2002/03–2015/16 using the most recent version (v006) of MODIS Terra and Aqua 8 day snow cover composites (MOD10A2/MYD10A2). We focused on three metrics of snow seasonality—first date of snow, last date of snow, and duration of snow season—and used nonparametric trends tests to assess the significance and direction of trends. We evaluated trends at three administration scales and across elevation. We used two techniques to assure that our identification of significant trends was not resulting from random spatial variation. First, we report only significant trends (positive or negative) that are at least twice as prevalent as the converse trends. Second, we use a two-stage analysis at the national scale to identify asymmetric directional changes in snow seasonality. Results show that more territory has been experiencing earlier onset of snow than earlier snowmelt, and roughly equivalent areas have been experiencing longer and shorter duration of snow seasons in the past 14 years. The changes are not uniform across KGZ, with significant shifts toward earlier snow arrival in western and central KGZ and significant shifts toward earlier snowmelt in eastern KGZ. The duration of the snow season has significantly shortened in western and eastern KGZ and significantly lengthened in northern and southwestern KGZ. Duration is significantly longer where the snow onset was significantly earlier or the snowmelt significantly later. There is a general trend of significantly earlier snowmelt below 3400 m and the area of earlier snowmelt is 15 times greater in eastern than western districts. Significant trends in the Aqua product were less prevalent than in the Terra product, but the general trend toward earlier snowmelt was also evident in Aqua data.

Comparison of Fast Neutron Detector Technologies

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Stange, Sy; Mckigney, Edward Allen

2015-02-09

This report documents the work performed for the Department of Homeland Security Domestic Nuclear Detection O ce as the project Fast Neutron Detection Evaluation under contract HSHQDC-14-X-00022. This study was performed as a follow-on to the project Study of Fast Neutron Signatures and Measurement Techniques for SNM Detection - DNDO CFP11-100 STA-01. That work compared various detector technologies in a portal monitor con guration, focusing on a comparison between a number of fast neutron detection techniques and two standard thermal neutron detection technologies. The conclusions of the earlier work are contained in the report Comparison of Fast Neutron Detector Technologies.more » This work is designed to address questions raised about assumptions underlying the models built for the earlier project. To that end, liquid scintillators of two di erent sizes{ one a commercial, o -the-shelf (COTS) model of standard dimensions and the other a large, planer module{were characterized at Los Alamos National Laboratory. The results of those measurements were combined with the results of the earlier models to gain a more complete picture of the performance of liquid scintillator as a portal monitor technology.« less

A Hepatocellular Carcinoma Case in a Patient Who had Immunity to Hepatitis B Virus Earlier

PubMed Central

Kaplan, Mustafa; Demirci, Selim; Altiparmak, Emin

2016-01-01

ABSTRACT Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common malignant tumor of the liver. Hepatitis B virus infection is one of the most important etilogical factors of HCC. In this case report, a patient with HCC previously infected and having ongoing immunity against hepatitis B virus will be discussed. How to cite this article Ates I, Kaplan M, Demirci S, Altiparmak E. A Hepatocellular Carcinoma Case in a Patient Who had Immunity to Hepatitis B Virus Earlier. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2016;6(1):82-83. PMID:29201732

Ecosystem Services Deserve Better than “Dirty Paper” ...

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This letter presents our rationale for promoting pluralism in methods to capture peoples values associated with changes in ecosystems services, some of which do not involve monetization. This Letter to the Editor is in response to a Letter submitted to the journal that questions why an earlier paper (Selck et al. 2016; ORD-015297) hadn’t lobbied harder for monetization of ecosystem services to inform decisions. We present our rationale for promoting pluralism in methods to capture peoples values associated with changes in ecosystems services, some of which do not involve monetization.

Inference of equatorial field-line-integrated electron density values using whistlers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Anderson, D. N.; Kintner, P. M.; Kelley, M. C.

1985-01-01

The nighttime electron density integrated along a magnetic field line at very small L-values (about 1.06) is inferred by comparing whistler dispersions, measured from a sounding rocket, with model ionospheric calculations. At a local time of 0500 LT, the electron density in the F-layer valley was found to be about 1000 per cu cm. It is suggested that this technique can be applied to earlier times in the local evening to determine ionospheric conditions which benefit the growth of low-latitude plasma instabilities.

HAEMORRHAGIC SYNDROME IN THE CLINICAL PICTURE OF RADIATION SICKNESS IN DOGS AFFECTED BY POLONIUM (in Russian)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mikhailovich, S.M.

Subcutaneous introduction of polonium to dogs brings about development of radiation sickness with appearance of haemorrhagic syndrome, which is characterized by disturbed process of blood coagulation, thrombocytopenia, decreased prothrombin value of the blood, increased permeability of capillaries. The clinical picture of the usually developed affection corresponds to the well known symptomatology, described in literature. Indicators of the haemorrhagic syndrome (blood coagulation, prothrombin value, permeabillty and stability of capillaries) appear in animals earlier than the clinical manifestations of this syndrome. (tr-auth)

Organic-walled microfossils in 3.2-billion-year-old shallow-marine siliciclastic deposits.

PubMed

Javaux, Emmanuelle J; Marshall, Craig P; Bekker, Andrey

2010-02-18

Although the notion of an early origin and diversification of life on Earth during the Archaean eon has received increasing support in geochemical, sedimentological and palaeontological evidence, ambiguities and controversies persist regarding the biogenicity and syngeneity of the record older than Late Archaean. Non-biological processes are known to produce morphologies similar to some microfossils, and hydrothermal fluids have the potential to produce abiotic organic compounds with depleted carbon isotope values, making it difficult to establish unambiguous traces of life. Here we report the discovery of a population of large (up to about 300 mum in diameter) carbonaceous spheroidal microstructures in Mesoarchaean shales and siltstones of the Moodies Group, South Africa, the Earth's oldest siliciclastic alluvial to tidal-estuarine deposits. These microstructures are interpreted as organic-walled microfossils on the basis of petrographic and geochemical evidence for their endogenicity and syngeneity, their carbonaceous composition, cellular morphology and ultrastructure, occurrence in populations, taphonomic features of soft wall deformation, and the geological context plausible for life, as well as a lack of abiotic explanation falsifying a biological origin. These are the oldest and largest Archaean organic-walled spheroidal microfossils reported so far. Our observations suggest that relatively large microorganisms cohabited with earlier reported benthic microbial mats in the photic zone of marginal marine siliciclastic environments 3.2 billion years ago.

New Products

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mandelis, Andreas

2017-12-01

In order to supplement manufacturers' information, this Department will welcome the submission by our readers of brief communications reporting measurements on the physical properties of materials which supersede earlier data or suggest new research applications.

New Products

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mandelis, Andreas

2018-04-01

In order to supplement manufacturers' information, this Department will welcome the submission by our readers of brief communications reporting measurements on the physical properties of materials which supersede earlier data or suggest new research applications.

New Products

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mandelis, Andreas

2018-02-01

In order to supplement manufacturers' information, this Department will welcome the submission by our readers of brief communications reporting measurements on the physical properties of materials which supersede earlier data or suggest new research applications.

New Products

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mandelis, Andreas

2017-10-01

In order to supplement manufacturers' information, this Department will welcome the submission by our readers of brief communications reporting measurements on the physical properties of materials which supersede earlier data or suggest new research applications.

New Products

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mandelis, Andreas

2017-11-01

In order to supplement manufacturers' information, this Department will welcome the submission by our readers of brief communications reporting measurements on the physical properties of materials which supersede earlier data or suggest new research applications.

New Products

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mandelis, Andreas

2018-01-01

In order to supplement manufacturers' information, this Department will welcome the submission by our readers of brief communications reporting measurements on the physical properties of materials which supersede earlier data or suggest new research applications.

New Products

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mandelis, Andreas

2018-03-01

In order to supplement manufacturers' information, this Department will welcome the submission by our readers of brief communications reporting measurements on the physical properties of materials which supersede earlier data or suggest new research applications.

New Products

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mandelis, Andreas

2018-05-01

In order to supplement manufacturers' information, this Department will welcome the submission by our readers of brief communications reporting measurements on the physical properties of materials which supersede earlier data or suggest new research applications.

New Products

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mandelis, Andreas

2013-06-01

In order to supplement manufacturers' information, this Department will welcome the submission by our readers of brief communications reporting measurements on the physical properties of materials which supersede earlier data or suggest new research applications.

On effective dose for radiotherapy based on doses to nontarget organs and tissues

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Uselmann, Adam J., E-mail: ajuselmann@wisc.edu; Thomadsen, Bruce R.

2015-02-15

Purpose: The National Council for Radiation Protection and Measurement (NCRP) published estimates for the collective population dose and the mean effective dose to the population of the United States from medical imaging procedures for 1980/1982 and for 2006. The earlier report ignored the effective dose from radiotherapy and the latter gave a cursory discussion of the topic but again did not include it in the population exposure for various reasons. This paper explains the methodology used to calculate the effective dose in due to radiotherapy procedures in the latter NCRP report and revises the values based on more detailed modeling.more » Methods: This study calculated the dose to nontarget organs from radiotherapy for reference populations using CT images and published peripheral dose data. Results: Using International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) 60 weighting factors, the total effective dose to nontarget organs in radiotherapy patients is estimated as 298 ± 194 mSv per patient, while the U.S. population effective dose is 0.939 ± 0.610 mSv per person, with a collective dose of 283 000 ± 184 000 person Sv per year. Using ICRP 103 weighting factors, the effective dose is 281 ± 183 mSv per patient, 0.887 ± 0.577 mSv per person in the U.S., and 268 000 ± 174 000 person Sv per year. The uncertainty in the calculations is largely governed by variations in patient size, which was accounted for by considering a range of patient sizes and taking the average treatment site to nontarget organ distance. Conclusions: The methods used to estimate the effective doses from radiotherapy used in NCRP Report No. 160 have been explained and the values updated.« less

Student Perceptions of the Value of Career Development Learning to a Work-Integrated Learning Course in Exercise Science

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reddan, Gregory; Rauchle, Maja

2012-01-01

Work-integrated learning has become a significant feature of Australian universities over the past decade. Earlier research indicates that some form of career development is essential to prepare undergraduate students for a competitive employment market. The 2008 National Association of Graduate Careers Advisory Services (NAGCAS) Symposium sought…

Moisture Determination of Nuts and Dry Fruits using a Capacitance Sensor

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Impedance (Z), and phase angle (') of a cylindrical parallel-plate capacitor with in-shell peanuts between the plates was measured earlier, using a CI meter (Chari’s Impedance meter), at 1 and 5 MHz . Capacitance C, was derived from Z and ', and using the C, ', and Z values of a set of peanuts whos...

Career Anchors and the Effects of Downsizing: Implications for Generations and Cultures at Work. A Preliminary Investigation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Marshall, Verena; Bonner, Dede

2003-01-01

The relationships among career anchors, age, culture, gender, employment experience, and the impact of career planning on downsizing were examined with data from 423 management students (49% had been downsized). Lifestyle was the most valued anchor across age groups, stability/security the least; compared with Schein's earlier anchors research,…

Paradigms Lost and Pragmatism Regained: Methodological Implications of Combining Qualitative and Quantitative Methods

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Morgan, David L.

2007-01-01

This article examines several methodological issues associated with combining qualitative and quantitative methods by comparing the increasing interest in this topic with the earlier renewal of interest in qualitative research during the 1980s. The first section argues for the value of Kuhn's concept of paradigm shifts as a tool for examining…

In Order to Save the World, We Must Transform Social Studies Education: A Rejoinder.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Miller, Raymond C.

1993-01-01

Supports the arguments in the author's earlier article in which he calls for ending the teaching of economics. Maintains that criticism of his views are based on faulty understanding of neoclassical economics. Concludes that economics cannot be value-free, and environmental concerns must be addressed in economics and social studies education. (CFR)

Questioning the Idea of the Individual as an Autonomous Moral Agent

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bowers, C. A.

2012-01-01

This paper examines ways in which current moral values are influenced by earlier patterns of thinking carried forward in root metaphors whose meanings were often framed by the analogues settled upon in the past by thinkers who were influenced by the silences and prejudices of their culture. It is argued that such tacitly inherited metaphors…

The History of Multicultural Music Education and Its Prospects: The Controversy of Music Universalism and Its Application

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kang, Sangmi

2016-01-01

This article examines how American perspectives about world music have evolved based on the controversial discussion of "music is the universal language." At earlier periods, scholars showed their interest in musics of other cultures from the ethnocentric standpoint. Gradually, scholars came to value the music differences of cultures,…

7 CFR 1437.10 - Notice of loss, appraisal requirements, and application for payment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... the final planting date, (2) For low yield claims and allowable value loss, the earlier of: (i) 15 calendar days after the damaging weather or adverse natural occurrence, or date loss of the crop or commodity becomes apparent for low yield claims; and (ii) 15 calendar days after the normal harvest date. (b...

7 CFR 1437.10 - Notice of loss, appraisal requirements, and application for payment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... the final planting date, (2) For low yield claims and allowable value loss, the earlier of: (i) 15 calendar days after the damaging weather or adverse natural occurrence, or date loss of the crop or commodity becomes apparent for low yield claims; and (ii) 15 calendar days after the normal harvest date. (b...

7 CFR 1437.10 - Notice of loss, appraisal requirements, and application for payment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... the final planting date, (2) For low yield claims and allowable value loss, the earlier of: (i) 15 calendar days after the damaging weather or adverse natural occurrence, or date loss of the crop or commodity becomes apparent for low yield claims; and (ii) 15 calendar days after the normal harvest date. (b...

7 CFR 1437.10 - Notice of loss, appraisal requirements, and application for payment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... the final planting date, (2) For low yield claims and allowable value loss, the earlier of: (i) 15 calendar days after the damaging weather or adverse natural occurrence, or date loss of the crop or commodity becomes apparent for low yield claims; and (ii) 15 calendar days after the normal harvest date. (b...

Applying Peer Reviews in Software Engineering Education: An Experiment and Lessons Learned

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Garousi, V.

2010-01-01

Based on the demonstrated value of peer reviews in the engineering industry, numerous industry experts have listed it at the top of the list of desirable development practices. Experience has shown that problems (defects) are eliminated earlier if a development process incorporates peer reviews and that these reviews are as effective as or even…

Campbell's Rule for Estimating Entropy Changes

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jensen, William B.

2004-01-01

Campbell's rule for estimating entropy changes is discussed in relation to an earlier article by Norman Craig, where it was proposed that the approximate value of the entropy of reaction was related to net moles of gas consumed or generated. It was seen that the average for Campbell's data set was lower than that for Craig's data set and…

Does Adviser Mentoring Add Value? A Longitudinal Study of Mentoring and Doctoral Student Outcomes

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Paglis, Laura L.; Green, Stephen G.; Bauer, Talya N.

2006-01-01

This study of the impact of doctoral adviser mentoring on student outcomes was undertaken in response to earlier research that found (a) students with greater incoming potential received more adviser mentoring, and (b) adviser mentoring did not significantly contribute to important student outcomes, including research productivity [Green, S. G.,…

[Evaluation of serum total carnitine values in persons with severe motor and intellectual disabilities with enteral (tube) feeding].

PubMed

Ohtaki, Ushio; Ozawa, Hiroshi; Ishizuka, Takehiro; Kamiishi, Akiko; Sasaki, Kyoko; Nakajima, Suemi; Katayama, Ayako; Arimoto, Kiyoshi; Yagihashi, Tatsuhiko; Kimiya, Satoshi

2012-09-01

The nutritive evaluation and the serum carnitine values were measured for persons with severe motor and intellectual disabilities with enteral (tube) feeding. In Shimada Rehabilitation Center, twenty one people who had serum albumin levels of 3.4 g/dl or less, and were taking nutrition with enteral (tube) feeding, were tested. Body weight, blood samples, and serum carnitine levels were measured. The total carnitine value was less than the standard value in 19 patients. The total carnitine value decreased in the group taking valporate sodium (VPA), compared to the values from the group non-taking VPA. From our evaluation, we think that daily carnitine supplements is essential for persons with sever motor and intellectual disabilities taking VPA to maintain carnitine levels in the blood, and regular urine test should be done for earlier detection secondary lack complications from the secondary lack of carnitine.

A proof for Rhiel's range estimator of the coefficient of variation for skewed distributions.

PubMed

Rhiel, G Steven

2007-02-01

In this research study is proof that the coefficient of variation (CV(high-low)) calculated from the highest and lowest values in a set of data is applicable to specific skewed distributions with varying means and standard deviations. Earlier Rhiel provided values for d(n), the standardized mean range, and a(n), an adjustment for bias in the range estimator of micro. These values are used in estimating the coefficient of variation from the range for skewed distributions. The d(n) and an values were specified for specific skewed distributions with a fixed mean and standard deviation. In this proof it is shown that the d(n) and an values are applicable for the specific skewed distributions when the mean and standard deviation can take on differing values. This will give the researcher confidence in using this statistic for skewed distributions regardless of the mean and standard deviation.

Perceptual sensitivity to spectral properties of earlier sounds during speech categorization.

PubMed

Stilp, Christian E; Assgari, Ashley A

2018-02-28

Speech perception is heavily influenced by surrounding sounds. When spectral properties differ between earlier (context) and later (target) sounds, this can produce spectral contrast effects (SCEs) that bias perception of later sounds. For example, when context sounds have more energy in low-F 1 frequency regions, listeners report more high-F 1 responses to a target vowel, and vice versa. SCEs have been reported using various approaches for a wide range of stimuli, but most often, large spectral peaks were added to the context to bias speech categorization. This obscures the lower limit of perceptual sensitivity to spectral properties of earlier sounds, i.e., when SCEs begin to bias speech categorization. Listeners categorized vowels (/ɪ/-/ɛ/, Experiment 1) or consonants (/d/-/g/, Experiment 2) following a context sentence with little spectral amplification (+1 to +4 dB) in frequency regions known to produce SCEs. In both experiments, +3 and +4 dB amplification in key frequency regions of the context produced SCEs, but lesser amplification was insufficient to bias performance. This establishes a lower limit of perceptual sensitivity where spectral differences across sounds can bias subsequent speech categorization. These results are consistent with proposed adaptation-based mechanisms that potentially underlie SCEs in auditory perception. Recent sounds can change what speech sounds we hear later. This can occur when the average frequency composition of earlier sounds differs from that of later sounds, biasing how they are perceived. These "spectral contrast effects" are widely observed when sounds' frequency compositions differ substantially. We reveal the lower limit of these effects, as +3 dB amplification of key frequency regions in earlier sounds was enough to bias categorization of the following vowel or consonant sound. Speech categorization being biased by very small spectral differences across sounds suggests that spectral contrast effects occur frequently in everyday speech perception.

Information Transfer Problems of the Partially Sighted: Recent Results and Project Summary.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Genensky, S. M.; And Others

The fourth in a series of Rand reports on information transfer problems of the partially sighted reviews earlier reports and describes an experimental secretarial closed circuit TV (CCTV) system which enables the partially sighted to type from a printed or handwritten manuscript. Discussed are experiments using a pseudocolor system to determine…

Residential Services for Persons with Developmental Disabilities: Status and Trends through 1994. Report #46.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Prouty, Robert, Ed.; Lakin, K. Charlie, Ed.

This report from the ongoing National Residential Information Systems Project provides statistics on persons with mental retardation and related developmental disabilities (MR/DD) receiving residential services in the United States for the year ending June 30, 1994, as well as comparative statistics from earlier years. An executive summary…

Residential Services for Persons with Developmental Disabilities: Status and Trends through 1996. Report #49.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Prouty, Robert, Ed.; Lakin, K. Charlie, Ed.

This report from the ongoing National Residential Information Systems Project provides statistics on persons with mental retardation and related developmental disabilities (MR/DD) receiving residential services in the United States for the year ending June 30, 1996, as well as comparative statistics from earlier years. Section 1 contains chapters…

Volpe SuperFar V6.0 Software and Support Documentation; Letter Report V324-FB48B3-LR3

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-09-29

This Letter Report serves to deliver the third external release version of the USDOT Volpe Centers SuperFAR Spectral Aircraft Noise Processing Software (Version 6.0). Earlier versions of the software were delivered to FAA in February 2015 and Marc...

Forest statistics for the Piedmont of South Carolina, 1993

Treesearch

Mark J. Brown

1993-01-01

This report summarizes results from a 1993 inventory of the forest resources of the Piedmont of South Carolina. Current estimates of forest area, associated characteristics, and timber volumes are highlighted and compared with the 1986 and earlier inventory findings. Average annual rates of growth, removals, and mortality since the previous inventory are reported....

The George Engelmann Mathematics & Science Institute. Scholar Research Program Annual Report 1993.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Missouri Univ., St. Louis. George Englemann Mathematics & Science Inst.

This publication is a comprehensive report on the George Engelmann Mathematics and Science Institute's Scholar Research Program (SRP) and its activities in 1993. The SRP provides high school students who have successfully completed an earlier Engelmann program the opportunity to experience and practice the active components of the scientific…

Medical Student Use of Objectives in Basic Science and Clinical Instruction.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

And Others; Mast, Terrill A.

1980-01-01

A study that investigated the long-term use of instructional objectives by medical students taking basic science and clinical courses is reported. Focus is on the extent and manner in which the objectives were used and factors that influenced their use. Students reported heavier usage earlier in the curriculum. (Author/JMD)

A Report to the President and Congress on the Status of Health Personnel Graduates of Accredited Private Health Career Schools in the United States.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American Medical Technologists, Park Ridge, IL.

This report supplements two earlier government studies on health personnel in the United States, focusing on graduates of allied health programs in private, for-profit schools. The report contains the following tables: (1) Accrediting Bureau of Health Education Schools (ABHES) Accredited Schools and Specialized Programs; (2) Allied Health Programs…

Iraq: Post-Saddam Governance and Security

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-11-19

control of the territory in 1918 . Britain had tried to take Iraq from the Ottomans earlier in World War I but were defeated at Al Kut in 1916...Sources: CIA The World Factbook; State Department International Religions Freedom Report, September 2007; DOD Measuring Stability Report, September...2008 report on International Religious Freedom attributed restrictions on the free exercise of religion (by religious minorities) to “terrorists

Radioactive materials released from nuclear power plants. Annual report 1991, Volume 12

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tichler, J.; Doty, K.; Congemi, J.

Releases of radioactive materials in airborne and liquid effluents from commercial light water reactors during 1991 have been compiled and reported. Data on solid waste shipments as well as selected operating information have been included. This report supplements earlier annual reports issued by the former Atomic Energy Commission and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. The 1991 release data are summarized in tabular form. Data Covering specific radionuclides are summarized.

Radioactive materials released from nuclear power plants. Annual report, 1982. Volume 3

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tichler, J.; Norden, K.

Releases of radioactive materials in airborne and liquid effluents from commercial light water reactors during 1982 have been compiled and reported. Data on solid waste shipments as well as selected operating information have been included. This report supplements earlier annual reports issued by the former Atomic Energy Commission and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. The 1982 release data are summarized in tabular form. Data covering specific radionuclides are summarized.

Radioactive materials released from nuclear power plants. Volume 11: Annual report, 1990

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tichler, J.; Doty, K.; Congemi, J.

Releases of radioactive materials in airborne and liquid effluents from commercial light water reactors during 1990 have been compiled and reported. Data on solid waste shipments as well as selected operating information have been included. This report supplements earlier annual reports issued by the former Atomic Energy Commission and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. The 1990 release data are summarized in tabular form. Data covering specific radionuclides are summarized.

Radioactive materials released from nuclear power plants. Annual report 1978

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tichler, J.; Benkovitz, C.

Releases of radioactive materials in airborne and liquid effluents from commerical light water reactors during 1978 have been compiled and reported. Data on soild waste shipments as well as selected operating information have been included. This report supplements earlier annual reports by the former Atomic Energy Commission and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. The 1978 release data are compared with previous years releases in tabular form. Data covering specific radionuclides are summarized.

Radioactive materials released from nuclear power plants. Annual report 1981. Vol. 2

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tichler, J.; Benkovitz, C.

Releases of radioactive materials in airborne and liquid effluents from commercial light water reactors during 1981 have been compiled and reported. Data on solid waste shipments as well as selected operating information have been included. This report supplements earlier annual reports issued by the former Atomic Energy Commission and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. The 1981 release data are summarized in tabular form. Data covering specific radionuclides are summarized.

Radioactive materials released from nuclear power plants. Annual report, 1983. Volume 4

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tichler, J.; Norden, K.

Releases of radioactive materials in airborne and liquid effluents from commercial light water reactors during 1983 have been compiled and reported. Data on solid waste shipments as well as selected operating information have been included. This report supplements earlier annual reports issued by the former Atomic Energy Commission and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. The 1983 release data are summarized in tabular form. Data covering specific radionuclides are summarized.

Mass media as a sexual super peer for early maturing girls.

PubMed

Brown, Jane D; Halpern, Carolyn Tucker; L'Engle, Kelly Ladin

2005-05-01

To investigate the possibility that the mass media (television, movies, music, and magazines) serve as a kind of super peer for girls who enter puberty sooner than their age-mates. Multiple studies have demonstrated significant associations between earlier pubertal timing and earlier transition to first sex. Does puberty also stimulate interest in sexual media content that is seen as giving permission to engage in sexual behavior? White and African-American female adolescents (n = 471; average age 13.7 years) recruited from public middle schools in central North Carolina completed two self-administered surveys in their homes about their pubertal status, interest in and exposure to various media, and perceptions of sexual media content. Earlier maturing girls reported more interest than later maturing girls in seeing sexual content in movies, television, and magazines, and in listening to sexual content in music, regardless of age or race. Earlier maturing girls were also more likely to be listening to music and reading magazines with sexual content, more likely to see R-rated movies, and to interpret the messages they saw in the media as approving of teens having sexual intercourse. The mass media may be serving as a kind of sexual super peer, especially for earlier maturing girls. Given the lack of sexual health messages in most media adolescents attend to, these findings give cause for concern. The media should be encouraged to provide more sexually healthy content, and youth service providers and physicians should be aware that earlier maturing girls may be interested in sexual information.

Deuterium Abundance in the Local ISM and Possible Spatial Variations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Linsky, Jeffrey L.

1998-01-01

Excellent HST/GHRS spectra of interstellar hydrogen and deuterium Lyman-(alpha) absorption toward nearby stars allow us to identify systematic errors that have plagued earlier work and to measure accurate values of the D/H ratio in local interstellar gas. Analysis of 12 sightlines through the Local Interstellar Cloud leads to a mean value of D/H = (1.50 +/- 0.10) x 10(exp -5) with all data points lying within +/- l(delta) of the mean. Whether or not the D/H ratio has different values elsewhere in the Galaxy and beyond is a very important open question that will be one of the major objectives of the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE) mission.

Grip strength and body composition in Turkana pastoralist children and adolescents.

PubMed

Little, Michael A

2017-03-01

In an earlier study, age changes and sex differences in grip strength were documented for adult Turkana pastoralists of Kenya (Little and Johnson, 1986). The objective here is to characterize age changes and sex differences in grip strength of Turkana children and adolescents in the context of arm lean tissue composition, and in comparison with other African, African-American, and non-Western populations. Anthropometric measurements, derived body composition values, and grip strength measures (maximum voluntary contraction) were taken on a sample of 232 nomadic Turkana pastoralist children (94 boys and 138 girls) aged 3 to 21 years. Relationships were tested between grip strength (in Newtons) and mid-upper arm (brachium) lean tissue cross-sectional areas. Comparisons were made among several different ethnic groups. Turkana children and adolescents had low arm muscle (derived lean tissue) and grip strength values when compared with U.S. NHANES percentile references. Girls' percentile rankings were greater than boys' percentile rankings for muscle and for grip strength. Both boys and girls were intermediate when compared with other non-Western populations and U.S. strength grip reference values. Correlations between grip strength and arm lean tissue areas were highly significant for both boys and girls. The greater relative muscle size and grip strength values of late adolescent girls compared to boys is consistent with an earlier study of adults. The difference is likely to result from greater physical subsistence activity and greater access to food in girls than in boys. Several suggestions are given to explain why Turkana youths have relatively small muscle sizes. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Electrostatic potential calculation for biomolecules--creating a database of pre-calculated values reported on a per residue basis for all PDB protein structures.

PubMed

Rocchia, W; Neshich, G

2007-10-05

STING and Java Protein Dossier provide a collection of physical-chemical parameters, describing protein structure, stability, function, and interaction, considered one of the most comprehensive among the available protein databases of similar type. Particular attention in STING is paid to the electrostatic potential. It makes use of DelPhi, a well-known tool that calculates this physical-chemical quantity for biomolecules by solving the Poisson Boltzmann equation. In this paper, we describe a modification to the DelPhi program aimed at integrating it within the STING environment. We also outline how the "amino acid electrostatic potential" and the "surface amino acid electrostatic potential" are calculated (over all Protein Data Bank (PDB) content) and how the corresponding values are made searchable in STING_DB. In addition, we show that the STING and Java Protein Dossier are also capable of providing these particular parameter values for the analysis of protein structures modeled in computers or being experimentally solved, but not yet deposited in the PDB. Furthermore, we compare the calculated electrostatic potential values obtained by using the earlier version of DelPhi and those by STING, for the biologically relevant case of lysozyme-antibody interaction. Finally, we describe the STING capacity to make queries (at both residue and atomic levels) across the whole PDB, by looking at a specific case where the electrostatic potential parameter plays a crucial role in terms of a particular protein function, such as ligand binding. BlueStar STING is available at http://www.cbi.cnptia.embrapa.br.

14 CFR Section 19-6 - Public disclosure of traffic data.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... (AVIATION PROCEEDINGS) ECONOMIC REGULATIONS UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS AND REPORTS FOR LARGE CERTIFICATED... database is complete, but no earlier than six months after the date of the data. Military operations are...

14 CFR Section 19-6 - Public disclosure of traffic data.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... (AVIATION PROCEEDINGS) ECONOMIC REGULATIONS UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS AND REPORTS FOR LARGE CERTIFICATED... database is complete, but no earlier than six months after the date of the data. Military operations are...

14 CFR 19-6 - Public disclosure of traffic data.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... (AVIATION PROCEEDINGS) ECONOMIC REGULATIONS UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS AND REPORTS FOR LARGE CERTIFICATED... database is complete, but no earlier than six months after the date of the data. Military operations are...

14 CFR Section 19-6 - Public disclosure of traffic data.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... (AVIATION PROCEEDINGS) ECONOMIC REGULATIONS UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS AND REPORTS FOR LARGE CERTIFICATED... database is complete, but no earlier than six months after the date of the data. Military operations are...

Review of Programs: Architecture; Architectural Technology; Landscape Architecture; Interior Design; Construction and Construction Technology; Building Construction; Urban and Regional Planning. Report to the Board of Regents, State University System of Florida.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McMinn, William G.

This report is an update of a report on the development and status of various programs in architecture and related fields in the State University System of Florida, a report that was submitted to the Board of Regents in May 1983. The objectives of this updated report, like those of the earlier one, are to review the anticipated needs of the…

Refolding and simultaneous purification by three-phase partitioning of recombinant proteins from inclusion bodies

PubMed Central

Raghava, Smita; Barua, Bipasha; Singh, Pradeep K.; Das, Mili; Madan, Lalima; Bhattacharyya, Sanchari; Bajaj, Kanika; Gopal, B.; Varadarajan, Raghavan; Gupta, Munishwar N.

2008-01-01

Many recombinant eukaryotic proteins tend to form insoluble aggregates called inclusion bodies, especially when expressed in Escherichia coli. We report the first application of the technique of three-phase partitioning (TPP) to obtain correctly refolded active proteins from solubilized inclusion bodies. TPP was used for refolding 12 different proteins overexpressed in E. coli. In each case, the protein refolded by TPP gave either higher refolding yield than the earlier reported method or succeeded where earlier efforts have failed. TPP-refolded proteins were characterized and compared to conventionally purified proteins in terms of their spectral characteristics and/or biological activity. The methodology is scaleable and parallelizable and does not require subsequent concentration steps. This approach may serve as a useful complement to existing refolding strategies of diverse proteins from inclusion bodies. PMID:18780821

SU-F-19A-10: Recalculation and Reporting Clinical HDR 192-Ir Head and Neck Dose Distributions Using Model Based Dose Calculation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Carlsson Tedgren, A; Persson, M; Nilsson, J

Purpose: To retrospectively re-calculate dose distributions for selected head and neck cancer patients, earlier treated with HDR 192Ir brachytherapy, using Monte Carlo (MC) simulations and compare results to distributions from the planning system derived using TG43 formalism. To study differences between dose to medium (as obtained with the MC code) and dose to water in medium as obtained through (1) ratios of stopping powers and (2) ratios of mass energy absorption coefficients between water and medium. Methods: The MC code Algebra was used to calculate dose distributions according to earlier actual treatment plans using anonymized plan data and CT imagesmore » in DICOM format. Ratios of stopping power and mass energy absorption coefficients for water with various media obtained from 192-Ir spectra were used in toggling between dose to water and dose to media. Results: Differences between initial planned TG43 dose distributions and the doses to media calculated by MC are insignificant in the target volume. Differences are moderate (within 4–5 % at distances of 3–4 cm) but increase with distance and are most notable in bone and at the patient surface. Differences between dose to water and dose to medium are within 1-2% when using mass energy absorption coefficients to toggle between the two quantities but increase to above 10% for bone using stopping power ratios. Conclusion: MC predicts target doses for head and neck cancer patients in close agreement with TG43. MC yields improved dose estimations outside the target where a larger fraction of dose is from scattered photons. It is important with awareness and a clear reporting of absorbed dose values in using model based algorithms. Differences in bone media can exceed 10% depending on how dose to water in medium is defined.« less

Does Viewing Pornography Reduce Marital Quality Over Time? Evidence from Longitudinal Data.

PubMed

Perry, Samuel L

2017-02-01

Numerous studies have examined the connection between pornography viewing and marital quality, with findings most often revealing a negative association. Data limitations, however, have precluded establishing directionality with a representative sample. This study is the first to draw on nationally representative, longitudinal data (2006-2012 Portraits of American Life Study) to test whether more frequent pornography use influences marital quality later on and whether this effect is moderated by gender. In general, married persons who more frequently viewed pornography in 2006 reported significantly lower levels of marital quality in 2012, net of controls for earlier marital quality and relevant correlates. Pornography's effect was not simply a proxy for dissatisfaction with sex life or marital decision-making in 2006. In terms of substantive influence, frequency of pornography use in 2006 was the second strongest predictor of marital quality in 2012. Interaction effects revealed, however, that the negative effect of porn use on marital quality applied to husbands, but not wives. In fact, post-estimation predicted values indicated that wives who viewed pornography more frequently reported higher marital quality than those who viewed it less frequently or not at all. The implications and limitations of this study are discussed.

A progress report on seismic model studies

USGS Publications Warehouse

Healy, J.H.; Mangan, G.B.

1963-01-01

The value of seismic-model studies as an aid to understanding wave propagation in the Earth's crust was recognized by early investigators (Tatel and Tuve, 1955). Preliminary model results were very promising, but progress in model seismology has been restricted by two problems: (1) difficulties in the development of models with continuously variable velocity-depth functions, and (2) difficulties in the construction of models of adequate size to provide a meaningful wave-length to layer-thickness ratio. The problem of a continuously variable velocity-depth function has been partly solved by a technique using two-dimensional plate models constructed by laminating plastic to aluminum, so that the ratio of plastic to aluminum controls the velocity-depth function (Healy and Press, 1960). These techniques provide a continuously variable velocity-depth function, but it is not possible to construct such models large enough to study short-period wave propagation in the crust. This report describes improvements in our ability to machine large models. Two types of models are being used: one is a cylindrical aluminum tube machined on a lathe, and the other is a large plate machined on a precision planer. Both of these modeling techniques give promising results and are a significant improvement over earlier efforts.

Mass Balance Changes and Ice Dynamics of Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets from Laser Altimetry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Babonis, G. S.; Csatho, B.; Schenk, T.

2016-06-01

During the past few decades the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets have lost ice at accelerating rates, caused by increasing surface temperature. The melting of the two big ice sheets has a big impact on global sea level rise. If the ice sheets would melt down entirely, the sea level would rise more than 60 m. Even a much smaller rise would cause dramatic damage along coastal regions. In this paper we report about a major upgrade of surface elevation changes derived from laser altimetry data, acquired by NASA's Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite mission (ICESat) and airborne laser campaigns, such as Airborne Topographic Mapper (ATM) and Land, Vegetation and Ice Sensor (LVIS). For detecting changes in ice sheet elevations we have developed the Surface Elevation Reconstruction And Change detection (SERAC) method. It computes elevation changes of small surface patches by keeping the surface shape constant and considering the absolute values as surface elevations. We report about important upgrades of earlier results, for example the inclusion of local ice caps and the temporal extension from 1993 to 2014 for the Greenland Ice Sheet and for a comprehensive reconstruction of ice thickness and mass changes for the Antarctic Ice Sheets.

Photovoltaic energy system at an Alaskan site. Research report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Das, D.K.; Briggs, R.W.

1991-01-01

The study presented herein provides information gathered over several years on the availability of solar energy and its utilization by a photovoltaic (PV) system installed near Fairbanks (65 N latitude) to demonstrate its feasibility. The study addresses both theoretical and experimental investigations on the potential of solar energy for interior Alaska. Three theoretical approaches are described for calculation solar radiation using American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE), Liu-Jordan, and Collares-Pereira and Rabl models. Computer programs for these theories have been included in the Appendix of the report. The actual test setup of a PV system withmore » all its auxiliary components installed in Haystack (near Fairbanks) and the electrical loads run by it have been described in detail. Four and one-half years of solar radiation measurements and operational experience with the system are documented. Finally, comparisons are made between the measured solar radiation with previous measurements done at the Geophysical Institute of the University of Alaska Fairbanks, and the calculated values from the three models cited earlier. The information from the study should be useful to interested users in interior Alaska and perhaps to other countries of the world located in similar northern latitudes.« less

Adsorption of carbon monoxide on smaller gold-cluster anions in an atmospheric-pressure flow-reactor: temperature and humidity dependence.

PubMed

Wallace, William T; Wyrwas, Richard B; Leavitt, Andrew J; Whetten, Robert L

2005-03-07

In the absence of moisture and at room temperature, the activity and saturation of CO on gold cluster anions, Au(N)-, are known to be highly dependent on the size of the cluster. Small Au(N)- clusters (N = 2,3) showed no adsorption activity, and the saturation CO adsorption values did not increase proportionately to cluster size or area. Here, we report on the effects of water vapor and temperature on the ability of Au(N)- clusters to adsorb CO in a high-pressure, fast-flow reactor. In contrast to all earlier reports, our results using this method show that smaller gold-cluster anions bind single and multiple CO groups at ambient temperature and above. In particular, species previously unseen at room temperature, corresponding to Au2(CO)-, Au3(CO) and Au4(CO)2, have been observed. Apparently, the presence of water vapor facilitates the adsorption of CO on the smaller clusters, possibly by aiding in the release of adsorption energy. As the number of studies concerning gold catalysis has continually increased over the past decade, these results provide important new information on the possible role of moisture in gold catalysis.

Antibacterial activity and proposed action mechanism of a new class of synthetic tricyclic flavonoids.

PubMed

Babii, C; Bahrin, L G; Neagu, A-N; Gostin, I; Mihasan, M; Birsa, L M; Stefan, M

2016-03-01

This study reports on the inhibitory and bactericidal properties of a new synthetized flavonoid. Tricyclic flavonoid 1 has been synthesized through a two-step reaction sequence. The antimicrobial effects were tested using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assays. Also DNA fragmentation assay, fluorescence microscopy and SEM were used to study the mechanism of action. Our tested flavonoid displayed a strong antimicrobial activity with MIC and MBC values as low as 0·24 μg ml(-1) against Staphylococcus aureus and 3·9 μg ml(-1) against Escherichia coli. Flavonoid 1 displayed antimicrobial properties, causing not only the inhibition of bacterial growth, but also killing bacterial cells. The mechanism of action is related to the impairment of the cell membrane integrity and to cell agglutination. Tricyclic flavonoid 1 was found to have a stronger antibacterial effect at lower concentrations than those described in the earlier reports. Based on the strong antimicrobial activity observed, this new tricyclic flavonoid has a good potential for the design of new antimicrobial agents. © 2016 The Society for Applied Microbiology.

Gamow-Teller Strength Distributions for pf-shell Nuclei and its Implications in Astrophysics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rahman, M.-U.; Nabi, J.-U.

2009-08-01

The {pf}-shell nuclei are present in abundance in the pre-supernova and supernova phases and these nuclei are considered to play an important role in the dynamics of core collapse supernovae. The B(GT) values are calculated for the {pf}-shell nuclei 55Co and 57Zn using the pn-QRPA theory. The calculated B(GT) strengths have differences with earlier reported shell model calculations, however, the results are in good agreement with the experimental data. These B(GT) strengths are used in the calculations of weak decay rates which play a decisive role in the core-collapse supernovae dynamics and nucleosynthesis. Unlike previous calculations the so-called Brink's hypothesis is not assumed in the present calculation which leads to a more realistic estimate of weak decay rates. The electron capture rates are calculated over wide grid of temperature ({0.01} × 109 - 30 × 109 K) and density (10-1011 g-cm-3). Our rates are enhanced compared to the reported shell model rates. This enhancement is attributed partly to the liberty of selecting a huge model space, allowing consideration of many more excited states in the present electron capture rates calculations.

Field rates for natural attenuation of arsenic in Tinto Santa Rosa acid mine drainage (SW Spain).

PubMed

Asta, Maria P; Ayora, Carlos; Acero, Patricia; Cama, Jordi

2010-05-15

Reactive transport modelling of the main processes related to the arsenic natural attenuation observed in the acid mine drainage (AMD) impacted stream of Tinto Santa Rosa (SW Spain) was performed. Despite the simplicity of the kinetic expressions used to deal with arsenic attenuation processes, the model reproduced successfully the major chemical trends observed along the acid discharge. Results indicated that the rate of ferrous iron oxidation was similar to the one obtained in earlier field studies in which microbial catalysis is reported to occur. With regard to the scaled arsenic oxidation rate, it is one order of magnitude faster than the values obtained under laboratory conditions suggesting the existence of a catalytic agent in the natural system. Schwertmannite precipitation rate, which was represented by a simple kinetic expression relying on Fe(III) and pH, was in the range calculated for other AMD impacted sites. Finally, the obtained distribution coefficients used for representing arsenic sorption onto Fe(III) precipitates were lower than those deduced from reported laboratory data. This discrepancy is attributed to a decrease in the schwertmannite arsenate sorption capacity as sulphate increases in the solution. Copyright (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Oestradiol-17β plasma concentrations after intramuscular injection of oestradiol benzoate or oestradiol cypionate in llamas (Lama glama)

PubMed Central

2010-01-01

Background Llamas (Lama glama) are induced ovulators and the process of ovulation depends on dominant follicular size. In addition, a close relationship between behavioural estrus and ovulation is not registered in llamas. Therefore, the exogenous control of follicular development with hormones aims to predict the optimal time to mate. Oestradiol-17β (E2) and its esters are currently used in domestic species, including camelids, in synchronization treatments. But, in llamas, there is no reports regarding the appropriate dosages to be used and most protocols have been designed by extrapolation from those recommended for other ruminants. The aim of the present study was to characterize plasma E2 concentrations in intact female llamas following a single intramuscular (i.m.) injection of two oestradiol esters: oestradiol benzoate (EB) and oestradiol cypionate (ECP). Methods Twelve non pregnant and non lactating sexually mature llamas were i.m. injected on day 0 with 2.5 mg of EB (EB group, n = 6) or ECP (ECP group, n = 6). Blood samples were collected immediately before injection, at 1, 6, 12, 24 h after treatment and then daily until day 14 post injection. Changes in hormone concentrations with time were analyzed in each group by analysis of variance (ANOVA) using a repeated measures (within-SS) design. Plasma E2 concentrations and area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) values were compared between groups by ANOVA. In all cases a Least-Significant Difference test (LSD) was used to determine differences between means. Hormonal and AUC data are expressed as mean ± S.E.M. Results Peak plasma E2 concentrations were achieved earlier and were higher in EB group than in ECP group. Thereafter, E2 returned to physiological concentrations earlier in EB group (day 5) than in ECP group (day 9). Although plasma E2 profiles differed over time among groups there were no differences between them on AUC values. Conclusions The i.m. injection of a single dose of both oestradiol esters resulted in plasma E2 concentrations exceeding physiological values for a variable period. Moreover, the plasma E2 profiles observed depended on the derivative of oestradiol administered. This basic information becomes relevant at defining treatment protocols including oestrogens in llamas. PMID:20149242

Graduate Medical Education Consortia: Changing the Governance of Graduate Medical Education to Achieve Physician Workforce Objectives. Council on Graduate Medical Education, Ninth Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Council on Graduate Medical Education.

Earlier reports and studies have endorsed the consortia concept as a vehicle for reorganizing medical education and restructuring the physician workforce. This report by the Council on Graduate Medical Education, which serves in an advisory capacity to the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services and to Congress, concurs in this…

Radioactive materials released from nuclear power plants

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tichler, J.; Norden, K.; Congemi, J.

Releases of radioactive materials in airborne and liquid effluents from commercial light water reactors during 1987 have been compiled and reported. Data on solid waste shipments as well as selected operating information have been included. This report supplements earlier annual reports issued by the former Atomic Energy Commission and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. The 1987 release data are summarized in tabular form. Data covering specific radionuclides are summarized. 16 tabs.

Radioactive materials released from nuclear power plants

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tichler, J.; Benkovitz, C.

Releases of radioactive materials in airborne and liquid effluents from commercial light water reactors during 1979 have been compiled and reported. Data on solid waste shipments as well as selected operating information have been included. This report supplements earlier annual reports issued by the former Atomic Energy Commission and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. The 1979 release data are compared with previous year's releases in tabular form. Data covering specific radionuclides are summarized.

Radioactive materials released from nuclear power plants

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tichler, J.; Norden, K.; Congemi, J.

Releases of radioactive materials in airborne and liquid effluents from commercial light water reactors during 1988 have been compiled and reported. Data on solid waste shipments as well as selected operating information have been included. This report supplements earlier annual reports issued by the former Atomic Energy Commission and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. The 1988 release data are summarized in tabular form. Data covering specific radionuclides are summarized. 16 tabs.

BACTrack: A Surveillance Technique for Detecting and Locating Bioagent Attacks

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-06-10

Implementation • Location History – Location tracking/storage using cell - phone network (geo-location mandated by 2006) • Subscription Services...Reporting – User reports symptoms through automated cell - phone interface using password Individual reports only releasable with password Summary...Earlier detection and location relative to medical surveillance • The cell - phone location based service market can offer a means to implement BACTrack and to distribute its costs

Constancy and Change in the Prevalence and Frequency of Offending When Based on Longitudinal Self-reports or Official Records: Comparisons by Gender, Race, and Crime Type

PubMed Central

Farrington, David P.; Hipwell, Alison E.; Stepp, Stephanie D.; Pardini, Dustin; Ahonen, Lia

2015-01-01

Introduction The study examines age-crime prevalence and age-crime frequency curves based on longitudinal data from boys in the Pittsburgh Youth Study and girls in the Pittsburgh Girls Study. Results Results show that the prevalence of the age-crime curve for theft and violence (based on self-reports or police charges) followed the typical age-crime curve for males and slightly less distinctly for females, with the peak of offending occurring earlier for self-reports than for police charges. The decrease in police charges for violence and theft took place at an earlier age for females than males, but this was not distinct when self-reported delinquency was the criterion. The mean frequency of self-reported theft and violence followed the age-crime curve for males but not for females, who showed a mean frequency of offending which was more constant. In contrast, the mean frequency of police charges increased with age for males and females. Comparing African-American and Caucasian males and females shows a higher prevalence but not a higher mean frequency of self-reported offending. Conclusions The results are reviewed in the light of other studies, and the policy implications of the findings are discussed. PMID:27610337

Externalizing behavior problems and cigarette smoking as predictors of cannabis use: the TRAILS Study.

PubMed

Korhonen, Tellervo; van Leeuwen, Andrea Prince; Reijneveld, Sijmen A; Ormel, Johan; Verhulst, Frank C; Huizink, Anja C

2010-01-01

To examine externalizing behavior problems and cigarette smoking as predictors of subsequent cannabis use. Dutch adolescents (N = 1,606; 854 girls and 752 boys) from the TRacking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey (TRAILS) ongoing longitudinal study were examined at baseline (ages 10-12 [T1]) and at two follow-up assessments (ages 12-15 [T2] and 15-18 [T3]). The analysis focused on DSM-IV externalizing behavior (conduct, attention deficit hyperactivity, and oppositional) problems at T1, assessed by the Youth Self Report and the Child Behavior Check List, on self-reported ever smoking at T2, and on cannabis use at T3. All associations of parent-rated externalizing behavior problems with cannabis were mediated by earlier smoking. Considering self-reported problems, none of these associations with cannabis were mediated by smoking, except the influence of self-reported conduct problems in girls. Interestingly, even after adjusting for externalizing problems, earlier smoking independently and consistently predicted cannabis use. The adjusted odds ratios for smoking varied in boys from 4.8 to 5.2 (ever) from 10 to 12 (daily) and from 22 to 23 (early-onset) whereas in girls from 4.9 to 5.0, 5.6 to 6.1, and 27 to 28, respectively (p <.001 for all). Our findings challenge the view that externalizing behavior problems directly predict cannabis initiation. Such associations were inconsistent across informants and sexes and were often mediated by earlier smoking. Early smoking onset is a powerful predictor of later cannabis initiation independent of preceding externalizing behavior problems. Although externalizing behavior problems are important as a starting point for substance use trajectories, early-onset smoking should be identified as an important marker of cannabis use risk.

77 FR 17413 - Notice of Final Determination of Sales at Less Than Fair Value and Negative Critical...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-26

... two interior storage compartments accessible through one or more separate external doors or drawers or... consider a period of not less than three months from that earlier time. In determining whether the above... the petition (i.e., the base period) to a comparable period of at least three months following the...

What Really Matters in College: How Students View and Value Liberal Education. Liberal Education & America's Promise

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Humphreys, Debra; Davenport, Abigail

2005-01-01

Liberal Education and America's Promise: Excellence for Everyone as a Nation Goes to College (LEAP), the decade-long campaign launched earlier this year by the Association of American Colleges and Universities (AAC&U), rests on two fundamental premises. The first holds that there is an emerging, if hidden, consensus among business and civic…

Using parallel computing methods to improve log surface defect detection methods

Treesearch

R. Edward Thomas; Liya Thomas

2013-01-01

Determining the size and location of surface defects is crucial to evaluating the potential yield and value of hardwood logs. Recently a surface defect detection algorithm was developed using the Java language. This algorithm was developed around an earlier laser scanning system that had poor resolution along the length of the log (15 scan lines per foot). A newer...

Latino Access to Preschool Stalls after Earlier Gains: Certain to Harden Achievement Gaps, Erode Workforce Quality. New Journalism on Latino Children

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fuller, Bruce; Kim, Anthony Y.

2011-01-01

It has been known that quality preschool can boost children's early literacy and social agility, skills valued highly by employers. The returns to preschool appear to be stronger for Latino children, especially those from non-English speaking families, compared with other populations. But newly available data reveal that preschool enrollment…

Sensing of moisture content in in-shell peanuts by NIR (Near Infra Red) reflectance spectroscopy

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

It was found earlier that moisture content (MC) of intact kernels of grain and nuts could be determined by Near Infra Red (NIR) reflectance spectrometry. However, if the MC values can be determined while the nuts are in their shells, it would save lot of labor and money spent in shelling and cleanin...

A Comparison of AH6 AG Scores and GCE Examinations Taken after an Interval of One Year

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Heim, A. W.; And Others

1972-01-01

GCE O-and A-level examinations were correlated with the AH6 AG test scores obtained a year earlier. Results suggest that the predictive value of AH6 for success in individual subjects is almost as high as when the examinations and testing were taken within a few weeks of each other. (Authors/CB)

Sensory Modality and Stimulus Control in the Pigeon: Cross-Species Generality of Single-Incentive Selective-Association Effects

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Panlilio, Leigh V.; Weiss, Stanley J.

2005-01-01

In earlier studies with rats, the effectiveness of the auditory element of a tone--light discriminative stimulus was enhanced when the conditioned incentive value of the compound was negative rather than positive. The present experiment systematically replicated these results in pigeons trained to press a treadle in the presence of a tone--light…

Anyons in an electromagnetic field and the Bargmann-Michel-Telegdi equation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ghosh, S.

1995-05-15

The Lagrangian model for anyons, presented earlier, is extended to include interactions with an external, homogeneous electromagnetic field. Explicit electric and magnetic moment terms for the anyon are introduced in the Lagrangian. The (2+1)-dimensional Bargmann-Michel-Telegdi equation as well as the correct value (2) of the gyromagnetic ratio is rederived, in the Hamiltonian framework.

The Gravity Field, Orientation, and Ephemeris of Mercury from MESSENGER Observations After Three Years in Orbit

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mazarico, Erwan M.; Genova, Antonio; Goossens, Sander; Lemoine, Gregory; Neumann, Gregory A.; Zuber, Maria T.; Smith, David E.; Solomon, Sean C.

2014-01-01

We have analyzed three years of radio tracking data from the MESSENGER spacecraft in orbit around Mercury and determined the gravity field, planetary orientation, and ephemeris of the innermost planet. With improvements in spatial coverage, force modeling, and data weighting, we refined an earlier global gravity field both in quality and resolution, and we present here a spherical harmonic solution to degree and order 50. In this field, termed HgM005, uncertainties in low-degree coefficients are reduced by an order of magnitude relative to the earlier global field, and we obtained a preliminary value of the tidal Love number k(sub 2) of 0.451+/-0.014. We also estimated Mercury's pole position, and we obtained an obliquity value of 2.06 +/- 0.16 arcmin, in good agreement with analysis of Earth-based radar observations. From our updated rotation period (58.646146 +/- 0.000011 days) and Mercury ephemeris, we verified experimentally the planet's 3: 2 spin-orbit resonance to greater accuracy than previously possible. We present a detailed analysis of the HgM005 covariance matrix, and we describe some near-circular frozen orbits around Mercury that could be advantageous for future exploration.

Extremely Low Ionospheric Peak Altitudes in the Polar-Hole Region

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Benson, Robert F.; Grebowsky, Joseph M.

1999-01-01

Vertical electron-density (N (sub e)) profiles, deduced from newly-available ISIS-II digital ionospheric topside-sounder data, are used to investigate the "polar-hole" region within the winter, nighttime polar cap ionosphere during solar minimum. The hole region is located around 0200 MLT near the poleward side of the auroral oval. Earlier investigations had revealed very low N (sub e) values in this region (down to 200/cu cm near 300 km). In the present study, such low N, values (approx. 100/cu cm) were only found near the ISIS (International Satellite for Ionospheric Study)-II altitude of 1400 km. The peak ionospheric concentration below the spacecraft remained fairly constant (approx. 10 (exp 5)/cu cm across the hole region but the altitude of the peak dropped dramatically. This peak dropped, surprisingly, to the vicinity of 100 km. These observations suggest that the earlier satellite in situ measurements, interpreted as deep holes in the ionospheric F-region concentration, could have been made during conditions of an extreme decrease in the altitude of the ionospheric N (sub e) peak. The observations, in combination with other data, indicate that the absence of an F-layer peak may be a frequent occurrence at high latitudes.