Sample records for van het project
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Who Do We Deploy for Psychological Operations: A Function Profile for TPT Members
2008-01-01
doet onderzoek om de ontwikkeling v’an PSYOPS in Nederland te ondersteunen. Een eerste stap, in het goed voorbereiden en uitvoeren van PSYOPS is het...bezit. De focus van het huidige project ligt op de selectiemethode van mensen die PSYOPS functies gaan vervullen. Naast Nederland zijn er ook andere NAVO...deze interviews kwam naar voren dat verschillende landen kampen met dezelfde problemen als Nederland wat betreft de selectie van het PSYOPS personeel
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2008-07-01
die binmen defensie tot aanzien van de effecten van JOT onderwijs met het nieuwe leren terug te dan toe in gebruik waren bij het theorie - voeren is op...problemen in de uitvoerings- onderwijs; toepassing van JOT impliceerde Grondslag praktijk van datzeltde regulier onderwijs. dat er geen theorie meer...het rechte eind Opdrachtnummer Datum PROGRAMMA PROJECT juli 2008 Program mabegeleider Projectbegeleider Auteur (s) IkolP.M.. Bonen,dr. A.H. van der
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2008-04-01
Fe:~& 2/121 Generiek Materieellogistiek Ketenmodel Defensie In het kader van het programma DEM (V4 11 ) is in dit project het Generiek...de osrneljewadKete vanefPorter odnasmlti emgn e vroe mmltiemdee nt TNO-rapport ITNO-DV 2007 A449 9 /21 Als laatste valt bet ontbreken van een eenduidig...DV 2007 A449 11 /21 Zoals in de Defensie waardeketen valt te zien, is de uiteindelijke waarde die de Matlog keten oplevert, Materidle Gereedheid
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OMEGACAM and Gravitational Lensing
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Christen, Fabrice Frédéric Thiébaut
2007-04-01
Het proefschrift van Fabrice Christen gaat over de ontwikkeling van nieuwe methoden voor het corrigeren van (digitale) foto's van melkwegstelsels. Met deze methoden kunnen de beelden uit het heelal beter worden geanalyseerd. Het eerste gedeelte is gewijd aan het werk dat bij ESO is uitgevoerd aan de CCD's van de OmegaCAM camera, het enige instrument van de VST. OmegaCAM is een optische groothoekcamera met een beeldveld van een vierkante graad, opgebouwd uit een mozaiek van 8 bij 4 CCD's. Van elk onderdeel moeten alle kenmerken volledig bekend zijn voordat het in het CCD mozaiek geplaatst kan worden. In het tweede deel van dit proefschrift wordt de ontwikkeling van een nieuwe methode voor het corrigeren van de ``point-spread function'' (PSF) en schatten van de ellipticiteit van de melkwegstelsels besproken. De nieuwe techniek wordt getest en vergeleken met een door sterrenkundigen algemeen gebruikte methode in het veld van zwaartekrachtslenzen, de Kaiser, Squire en Broadhurst (KSB) methode. De nieuwe methode, gebaseerd op shapelet ontleding (vergelijkbaar met wavelet ontleding), gaat verder, en is sneller en theoretisch preciezer dan de KSB methode. Door gebruik te maken van de gecorrigeerde ellipticiteit, kunnen we een statistische analyse uitvoeren om er een kosmisch vervormingssignaal uit te halen. De licht vervormde beelden van de melkwegstelsels bewij zen dat de niet-homogene massaverdeling op megaparsec-schaal voornamelijk bestaat uit grote hoeveelheden donkere materie. Verder vergelijken we de schattingen van de ellipticiteit van de shapelet en KSB methode. Bovendien voeren we ook nog een melkwegstelsel-melkwegstelsel lens analyse uit op de 50 VLT Fors1 afbeeldingen en slagen we erin de belangrijkste eigenschappen van de halo's van de stelsels, die zich op een afstand van een- tot tweeduizend megaparsec (1 parsec = 3,26 lichtjaar = 3,085 x 10^16 meter) bevinden, te bepalen door gebruik te maken van twee modellen van melkwegstelselhalo's. Vergeleken met andere overzichtsmetingen vinden we vergelijkbare resultaten.
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Inelastic processes in atomic collisions involving ground state and laser-prepared atoms
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Planje, Willem Gilles
1999-11-01
In dit proefschrift worden experimenten beschreven waarbij ionen of atomen met een bepaalde snelheid op een ensemble van doelwitatomen worden gericht. Wanneer twee deeltjes elkaar voldoende genaderd hebben, vindt er wissel- werking plaats waarbij allerlei processen kunnen optreden. Deze processen resulteren in specieke eindproducten. Kennis over de interactie tussen twee botsingspartners wordt verkregen door te bekijken welke eindproducten ontstaan, en in welke mate. Een belangrijke grootheid die van invloed is op mogelijke processen is de onderlinge snelheid van de twee kernen, oftewel de botsingssnelheid. Wanneer de botsingssnelheid voldoende klein is dan kunnen de verschillende reactiemechanismen zowel kwalitatief als kwanti- tatief vaak goed voorspeld worden door het systeem te beschouwen als een kort-stondig molecuul, opgebouwd uit de twee botsende deeltjes. De ver- schillende processen die kunnen optreden worden gekwaliceerd afhankelijk van de vorming van bepaalde eindproducten. Ruwweg de volgende indeling kan gemaakt worden: 1. de interne structuur van de eindproducten zijn identiek aan die van de beginproducten. We spreken dan van een elastische botsing. 2. e en van de deeltjes of beiden worden in een aangeslagen toestand ge- bracht (of ge¨oniseerd). Dit zijn processen waarbij de herschikte elek- tronen zich bij de oorspronkelijke kern bevinden. We spreken dan van excitatie of ionisatie. 3. e en of meerdere elektronen bevinden zich bij de andere kern na de botsing (eventueel in aangeslagen toestand). We spreken dan van elek- tronenoverdracht. In het eerste deel van deze dissertatie worden botsingsexperimenten tussen heliumionen en natriumatomen beschreven waarbij het proces van elek- tronenoverdracht wordt onderzocht. Bij dit mechanisme is het buitenste 117?Samenvatting natriumelektron betrokken. Deze kan relatief gemakkelijk `overspringen' naar het heliumion wanneer deze zich dicht in de buurt van het natrium- atoom bevindt. Het elektron kan hierbij een bepaalde (aangeslagen) toe- stand bezetten. Wij meten de bezetting van de heliumtoestanden die onder uitzending van XUV licht ( ? 58 nm) vervallen naar de heliumgrondtoe- stand. Door de lichtintensiteit te meten onderzoeken we de mate van elek- tronenoverdracht naar een selecte groep van singlet helium`eind'toestanden, namelijk He(1s2p), He(1s3s), He(1s3p) en He(1s3d). In een reactie- vergelijking ziet het mechanisme er als volgt uit: He + (1s) + ( Na(3s) Na(3p) e- -! He + Na + -! He(1s 2 ) +h(58 nm) + Na + Het experiment kent een extra dimensie door het feit dat het, in beginsel bol- symmetrische, natriumatoom een bepaalde ruimtelijk uitlijning kan worden meegegeven. Met behulp van laserlicht van een specieke frequentie en po- larisatie, wordt het buitenste natriumelektron in een aangeslagen p toestand gebracht. Het aanslaan naar deze toestand heeft als gevolg dat het valentie- elektron zich op grotere afstand van zijn kern bevindt dan voorheen. Daar- naast kan, afhankelijk van de gebruikte laserpolarisatie, het buitenste elek- tron zich nu rond de natriumkern bewegen volgens een bepaalde anisotrope verdeling, de bolsymmetrie is doorbroken. De eecten van de excitatie en ruimtelijk verdeling van dit natriumelektron op het proces van elektronen- overdracht zijn onderzocht voor botsingsenergie¨en vari¨erend van 0.5 keV tot 6.0 keV. De metingen laten zien dat het eect van laserexcitatie een bezettingstoe- name van de beschouwde singlet heliumtoestanden betekent, ongeacht de uitlijning van het natrium 3p elektron. Dit is simpelweg te begrijpen uit het feit dat het 3p natrium elektron minder sterk gebonden is en elektro- nenoverdracht makkelijker gaat. Daarnaast is de uitlijning van het aanges- lagen elektron van invloed op de elektronenoverdracht. De resultaten zijn vergeleken met berekeningen van S.E. Nielsen en T.H. Rod [13], die de elek- tronoverdracht beschrijven in een model waarbij het betrokken elektron zich beweegt in bepaalde eectieve potentiaalvelden. De goede overeenkomsten van onze metingen met de berekeningen rechtvaardigen de theoretische be- nadering van Nielsen en Rod. 118?Samenvatting In het tweede gedeelte van het proefschrift worden botsingen beschouwd tussen helium- en neonatomen. Hierbij wordt nu niet gekeken naar bots- ingsproducten die zich manifesteren door bepaald licht uit te zenden, maar een elektron emitteren met een bepaalde energie. Verschillende soorten `eind'producten kunnen elektronen uitzenden, waaronder de negatieve ion- toestanden. Het elektronenspectrum, gemeten voor dit botsingssysteem, vertoont twee pieken die het spectrum domineren bij 16.2 eV en 19.4 eV voor verschillende botsingsenergie¨en tussen de 0.35 keV en 6.0 keV. Deze piekstructuren wijzen op de vorming van de kort-levende, negatieve iontoe- standen Ne-(2p 5 3s 2 ) en He-(1s2s 2 ) ten gevolge van de overdracht van e en elektron: He 0 + Ne 0 -! He-(1s2s 2 ) +Ne + (2p 5 ) 3 10- 14 s -! He 0 (1s 2 ) +Ne + + e- (19.37 eV) He 0 + Ne 0 -! He + (1s) +Ne-(2p 5 3s 2 ) 2:5 10- 13 s -! He + (1s) +Ne 0 (2p 6 ) +e- (16.15 eV) De meetresultaten vertonen een fenomeen waarbij de bezettingen van de negatieve iontoestanden een oscillerend gedrag vertonen als functie van de botsingssnelheid. Dit duidt op interferentie tussen de twee bijna-ontaarde moleculaire toestanden [He- + Ne + ] en[He + + Ne-]. Het is echter zeer op- merkelijk dat deze oscillatie wordt waargenomen in een experiment als deze, waarin de uitgezonden elektronen worden gemeten ongeacht de afbuighoek van het heliumatoom. Dit impliceert een speciek aanslagmechanisme van de moleculaire negatieve iontoestanden. Nader beschouwing van het bots- ingssysteem laat zien dat het instantane molecuul twee overgangen moet ondergaan voordat de negatieve iontoestanden gevormd worden. Als gevolg hiervan is de snelheid waarmee het negatieve en positieve ion uit elkaar be- wegen nagenoeg onafhankelijk van de afbuighoek van het helium projectiel en is oscillatie mogelijk waarneembaar. De wisselwerking tussen de twee beschouwde moleculaire toestanden impliceert gecorreleerde overdracht van twee elektronen: He- + Ne + 2e- ! He + + Ne- Door het quasi-resonante systeem als resonant te beschouwen kan het fenomeen kwalitatief goed verklaard worden. 119?Samenvatting Inhet laatstedeelwordt de bevolkingvanauto¨oniserende natriumtoestanden bekeken in He +=0 + Na botsingen. In tegenstelling tot de voorgaande exper- imenten waarin elektronenoverdracht beschouwd werd, betreft het hier een excitatiemechanisme. De beschouwde `eind'producten, i.e. de auto¨oniserende natriumtoestanden, bestaan in het algemeen kort en gaan over naar een stabiele iontoestand onder uitzending van een elektron met een toestands- karakteristieke kinetische energie. Door de elektronenspectra te meten bij verschillende botsingsenergie¨en, wordt de bezetting van de auto¨oniserende toestanden onderzocht. Ook hier wordt het eect van laserexcitatie en laser- polarisatie van het natriumatoom op de vorming van deze toestanden, en de mate waarin, bekeken. De metingen laten zien dat zowel in He + -Na als in He 0 -Na botsingen de invloed van de ruimtelijk uitlijning van het buitenste natriumelektron op de elektronenspectra nihil is. Dit impliceert dat het betrokken 3p elektron hoofdzakelijk een passieve rol speelt in de vorming van auto¨oniserende toe- standen: het blijft hoofdzakelijk de 3p toestand bezetten als een `toeschouwer' zonder een overgang te maken naar een andere toestand. Dit wordt boven- dien bevestigd door het feit dat wanneer een fractie natriumatomen aange- slagen wordt naar de p toestand dit een even grote reductie betekent van onder meer de populatie van de auto¨oniserende toestand Na(2p 5 3s 2 ). De verwachte grote toename van Na(2p 5 3p 2 ) toestanden, in geval van Na(3p) doelwitten, is niet waargenomen. 120?121?122
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Stoffelen, Adrianus Cornelis Maria
1996-10-01
Een veelheid aan meteorologische metingen is dagelijks beschikbaar. De meeste van deze waarnemingen bevinden zich echter boven land, en met name windwaarnemingen boven de (Noord Atlantische) oceaan zijn schaars. Bij een westelijke luchtstroming is dit een duidelijke beperking voor de weers- en golfverwachtingen ten behoeve van Nederland. Juist dan is het gevaar voor bijvoorbeeld storm of overstroming het grootst. Ook in het aardse klimaatsysteem speelt de wind aan het oppervlak een grote rol en is de belangrijkste factor voor de aandrijving van de oceaancirculatie. De oceaancirculatie op zijn beurt is cruciaal voor de verschijnselen die samenhangen met bijvoorbeeld El Niño. Dit proefschift gaat over het scatterometer instrument dat vanuit de ruimte, zelfs onder een wolkendek, nauwkeurige en betrouwbare informatie geeft over de wind aan het oceaanoppervlak met een hoge mate van ruimtelijke consistentie. Tijdens de tweede wereldoorlog werden radars aan boord van schepen veelvuldig gebruikt voor de opsporing van vijandige vaartuigen. Hierbij werd vastgesteld dat de detectie slechter werd naarmate de wind aan het zeeoppervlak groter was. Proefondervindelijk was hiermee het principe van een wind scatterometer aangetoond. Al snel ontwikkelde zich dan ook de idee de wind aan het zeeoppervlak te meten met behulp van radar. Vanuit een vliegtuig of een satelliet word dan een microgolfbundel onder een schuine hoek naar het zeeoppervlak gestuurd. De microgolfstraling, met gewoonlijk een golflengte van enkele centimeters, wordt verstrooid aan het ruwe oppervlak, en een klein gedeelte van de uitgezonden puls keert terug naar het detectorgedeelte van de scatterometer. Het fysische fenomeen van belang voor de werking van de scatterometer is de aanwezigheid van zogeheten capillaire gavitatiegolven op het zeeoppervlak. Deze golven hebben een golflengte van enkele centimeters en reageren vrijwel instantaan op de sterkte van de wind. De verstrooiing van microgolven is op zijn beurt weer sterk afhankelijk van de amplitude van de capillaire golven. Bovendien blijken de capillaire golfjes over het algemeen gericht in lijn met de windrichting. Aldus bestaat er een verband tussen de hoeveelheid teruggestrooide energie en de windsterkte en -richting op enige hoogte. Een scatterometer instrument wordt zo ontworpen dat uit diverse metingen van het teruggestrooide vermogen, windsterkte en -richting afgeleid kunnen worden. Deze metingen kunnen dan eenvoudig vergeleken worden met bestaande windgegevens van boeien, schepen en weermodellen ter calibratie en validatie.?SAMENVATTING viii Overzicht In de loop der jaren zijn scatterometer instrumenten aan boord van verscheidene satellieten gelanceerd. De scatterometers op de ERS-1 en ERS-2 ("European Remote-sensing Satellite") hebben de langste staat van dienst en zijn sinds 1991 operationeel. Deze scatterometers (die identiek zijn) hebben ieder drie antennes, waarmee het oceaanoppervlak in drie verschillende richtingen bemeten wordt. Een punt op het aardoppervlak wordt eerst door de naar voren gerichte bundel belicht, dan door de naar opzij gerichte bundel, en als laatste door de naar achteren gerichte bundel. De drie metingen, verder kortweg aangeduid als trits, kunnen tegen elkaar worden uitgezet, hetgeen resulteert in een ruimtelijk (3D) plaatje. Door uitgekiende doorsneden te maken van deze ruimte kan de samenhang van de drie metingen kwalitatief worden bestudeerd. De drie metingen blijken dan inderdaad een sterke samenhang te vertonen die verklaard kan worden uit twee geofysische parameters. De drie metingen liggen namelijk in het algemeen dichtbij een hoornvormig (2D) oppervlak. De lengterichting van de hoorn blijkt voornamelijk te corresponderen met een variërende windsterkte (of ruwheid van de zee), en de kortste omtrek van de hoorn met een variërende windrichting (ofwel oriëntatie van de capillaire golfjes). De karakterisatie en modellering van dit oppervlak heeft geleid tot een aanzienlijke verbetering in de interpretatie van de scatterometer, zoals beschreven is in dit proefschrift. Hierboven is een uiterst simplistisch beeld gegeven van de fysica die van belang is bij de interpretatie van de scatterometer. Het eerste hoofdstuk van dit proefschrift beschrijft in meer detail de fysische modellering van belang bij de interpretatie van de scatterometer metingen. Ten eerste, de topografie van het zeeoppervlak is uitermate gecompliceerd en niet nauwkeurig te beschrijven met eenvoudige mathematische vergelijkingen. De capillaire golven hebben een andere fasesnelheid dan de langere golven en beide hebben hiermee een ingewikkelde dynamische interactie. Bij hogere windsnelheid breken de golven en ontstaan er schuimkoppen, hetgeen de fysische beschrijving verder compliceert. Ten tweede, de interactie van een schuin invallende microgolfbundel met dit gecompliceerde oppervlak is evenmin nauwkeurig te beschrijven. Zowel verstrooiing als reflectie kunnen een rol spelen. Ten derde, over de relatie tussen de amplitude van de capillaire golven en de wind op enige hoogte, laten we veronderstellen 10 m, is in de literatuur niet de overeenstemming tot in het gewenste detail. Bij lage windsnelheid zouden de oppervlaktespanning of variaties in de wind variabiliteit een rol kunnen spelen. Gezien de fysische complexiteit, is het niet verwonderlijk dat voor de interpretatie van scatterometer metingen statistische methoden hun opgang gevonden hebben. Dit proefschrift gaat met name in op deze methoden, en geeft, aan de hand van vijf wetenschappelijke publicaties, een tamelijk volledig beeld van de "state-of-the-art", zoals die bereikt is met de?SAMENVATTING ix ERS scatterometers (ERS-1 vanaf 17 juli 1991 en later ERS-2 vanaf 22 november 1995). Het derde hoofdstuk behandelt de visualisatie van de gemeten tritsen in de 3D meetruimte, de bepaling van de spreiding van de metingen rond het hoornvormige oppervlak, en de schatting van de meest waarschijnlijke "werkelijke" (of ruisvrije) trits bij het hoornvormige oppervlak gegeven de metingen en hun nauwkeurigheid (inversie). De perceptie dat de metingen met grote waarschijnlijkheid dichtbij een hoornvormig oppervlak liggen, vormt essentiële a priori informatie van belang voor de inversie. Een inversieprocedure gestoeld op waarschijnlijkheidstheorie is afgeleid. Verder worden aan de hand van de structuur van het hoornvormige oppervlak indicatoren bepaald, van belang voor de kwaliteitscontrole, instrumentbewaking, en de verdere verwerking van de gegevens. In de appendix wordt een methode besproken die beschrijft hoe, aan de hand van geselecteerde windgegevens en een goed wind-microgolf verband, ofwel transfer functie, de scatterometer verstrooiingsmetingen gecalibreerd kunnen worden boven de oceaan. Het blijkt dat deze calibratie, die per antenne wordt uitgevoerd, uiterst nauwkeurig is, en, wanneer toegepast, in de 3D meetruimte de verdeling van gemeten tritsen gemiddeld dichterbij de door de transfer functie gemodelleerde hoorn brengt. Dit levert een verbetert scatterometer wind product op. De methode was met name van groot belang voor de validatie en calibratie van de ERS-2 scatterometer, voordat de instrumentele calibratie was voltooid. Met behulp van een set windgegevens uit een weermodel en hun geschatte nauwkeurigheden, passend in locatie en tijd bij een set van scatterometer metingen en hun geschatte nauwkeurigheden, kan met quasi-lineaire schattingstheorie ("Maximum Likelihood Estimation") de meest waarschijnlijke wind-microgolf transfer functie worden afgeleid. De niet-lineariteit en onnauwkeurige formulering van de transfer functie, een niet-uniforme verdeling van invoergegevens, en een inaccurate formulering van de geschatte nauwkeurigheid kunnen hier een goed resultaat in de weg staan. Een nieuwe functie, genoemd CMOD4, wordt afgeleid in hoofdstuk IV. Een eerste eis die gesteld wordt aan een transfer functie, is dat het in de 3D meetruimte nauwkeurig bij de gemeten tritsen past. Wanneer de "fit" optimaal is zal het gecombineerde effect van meetonnauwkeurigheid en inversiefout kleiner zijn dan 0.5 m s -1 in de wind vector. CMOD4 blijkt binnen deze fout bij de metingen te passen. Een tweede eis is, dat voor een onafhankelijke gegevensset, het verschil tussen de geïnverteerde scatterometer wind en de bijpassende wind van bijvoorbeeld een weermodel zo klein mogelijk is. In de praktijk blijkt dat deze tweede eis impliciet volgt uit de eerste, maar ook dat de onnauwkeurigheid van de scatterometer wind met name wordt bepaald door de associatie van een locatie op de hoorn met een wind vector. De onnauwkeurigheid in de scatterometer wind kan dan ook goed beschreven worden in het wind domein.?SAMENVATTING x In hoofdstuk V wordt dit laatste verder uitgewerkt, en wordt gestreefd naar een gedetailleerde wind calibratie met behulp van in situ gegevens. Windgegevens bevatten doorgaans een relatief grote onnauwkeurigheid. Het wordt aangetoond dat ijking of regressie van zulke gegevens niet mogelijk is in een vergelijking van twee meetsystemen, tenzij de nauwkeurigheid van één van de twee meetsystemen bekend is. In de praktijk is dit meestal niet zo. Voor deze gevallen wordt een methode voorgesteld die uitgaat van de simultane vergelijking van drie meetsystemen. In dit geval kan zowel de ijking als een foutenmodel voor de drie meetsystemen worden opgelost. Toepassing van de methode laat zien dat de scatterometer wind afgeleid met behulp van CMOD4 ruwweg 5 % te laag is, en de oppervlaktewind van het gebruikte weermodel ongeveer 5 % te hoog. Het hoornvormige oppervlak blijkt te bestaan uit twee nauw samenvallende laagjes. Wanneer de wind een component heeft in de kijkrichting van de middelste microgolfbundel wordt de ene hoorn beschreven, en wanneer de wind een component heeft tegengesteld hieraan, de andere. Uit een trits metingen (met ruis) kan dus in het algemeen niet een unieke windvector worden bepaald. Twee ongeveer tegengestelde oplossingen resulteren. Deze dubbelzinnigheid in de windrichting kan in de praktijk worden opgelost door die oplossing te kiezen die het dichtst bij een korte termijn weervoorspelling ligt. Daarna kunnen eisen worden gesteld aan de ruimtelijke consistentie van het gevonden windvector veld. Zoals beschreven in hoofdstuk V levert zo'n methode de goede oplossing in meer dan 99 % van de gevallen. Zo kan een in het algemeen kwalitatief goed windproduct worden afgeleid uit de ERS scatterometermetingen. In het tweede gedeelte van hoofdstuk V wordt ingegaan op de assimilatie van scatterometergegevens in weermodellen. Voor variationele gegevensassimilatie wordt een methode voorgesteld, waarbij de dubbelzinnige scatterometerwinden worden geassimileerd, en niet direct de terugstrooiingsmetingen. Dit vanwege het feit dat de onzekerheid in de interpretatie van de scatterometer, het best is uit te drukken als een fout in de wind. De projectie van deze fout op de microgolfmetingen is niet-lineair, en daarmee tamelijk moeilijk te verwerken binnen de context van meteorologische variationele gegevensassimilatie. Assimilatie van de dubbelzinnige wind daarentegen is tamelijk recht toe recht aan. De scatterometermetingen leiden tot een duidelijk betere analyse en korte-termijn voorspelling van het windveld boven zee. De bedekking is echter zodanig dat andere windwaarnemingen nog lang een zeer welkome aanvulling zullen zijn. Nieuwe Amerikaanse scatterometers met een grotere bedekking zijn in ontwikkeling (met name QuikSCAT en SeaWinds). Vanwege hun andere geometrie en golflengte is echter eerst ontwikkelwerk nodig om tot een gedegen interpretatie te komen. De in dit proefschrift beschreven methodologie kan een belangrijke rol spelen in de interpretatie van de gegevens van deze scatterometers. De volgende generatie Europese scatterometers (ASCAT genoemd) heeft een?SAMENVATTING xi grote bedekking en de microgolflengte en meetgeometrie van de ERS scatterometers. Hiermee zijn we op termijn verzekerd van een goed scatterometer wind product.?SAMENVATTING xii
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The Local Group in LCDM - Shapes and masses of dark halos
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Vera-Ciro, Carlos Andrés
2013-01-01
In dit proefschrift bestuderen we de eigenschappen van donkere materie halo's in het LCDM paradigma. Het eerste deel richt zich op de vorm van de massadistributie van dergelijke objecten. We hebben gevonden dat de vorm van ge"isoleerde Melkweg-achtige donkere materie halo's significant afwijkt van bolsymmetrie. De lokale omgeving heeft invloed op de halo's en deze worden daarbij sterk be"invloed door de manier waarop massa aangroeit. We hebben ook de structuur en de baanstructuur van de satellieten van dergelijke halo's in detail onderzocht. In het algemeen zijn deze objecten sferischer dan de halo's zelf. Ze vertonen ook duidelijke afdrukken van getijdenwerking in zowel hun geometrische vorm als in de baanstructuur. Daarna gebruiken we het aantal massieve objecten rond de Melkweg om limieten te zetten op de totale massa van de donkere materie halo van de Melkweg. De eigenschappen van de massaverdeling van de Melkweg worden verder onderzocht in het laatste hoofdstuk. Daar maken we gebruik van de Sagittarius sterstroom om de vorm van de galactische potentiaal beter te bepalen. We komen met een nieuw model dat rekening houdt met de galactische schijf en de invloed van satellietstelsels en die bovendien consistent is met het LCDM paradigma.
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Fast Determination of the Element Excitation of an Active Phased Array Antenna
1991-03-01
elementenexcitatie te, bepalen: de amplitude en fase van het elektrische ven-e veld moeten gemeten warden in slechts I richting in het verre veld van de ...Page 3 rapport no FEL-91-BO38 titel Een snelle bepaling van de excitatie van de elenienten van cen actieve phased array antenne auteur(s) I. J.G. van...van der Spek Onderzoek uItgevoerd door Ir. J.G. van Hezewijk SAMENVATIING (ONGERUBRICEERD) Het verre veld stralingsdiagram van een actieve phased array
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1990-05-01
oporachtnemer verwezen naar de ’Algemone Voorwaarden voor Onderzoeks- opdrachten TNO’. dan wet de betreflende terzake fijasen partlijen gesloten * 11 ...ixvulling van het onderhoudsschema 9 2.4 Invulling van het onderhoudsschema in de praktijk 14 2.5 Gonclusies 16 3 STORINGSANALYSES 18 3.1 ’Failure mode...nnfd- en subgroep (dit is een opdeling van bet systeem naar functioneel sanienhangende delen). Pa gina 9 - Het onderhoudsniveau waar jedere
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Tussenrapportage Validatie Onderwijsvernieuwingen (Validation Assistant in Instructional Design)
2007-05-01
validatie onderwij svemieuwingen D)atum mei 2007 Auteur (s) drs. J.P. van Meer drs. G,J. Veldhuis dr. M.L. van Ernmerik M.G. van Schaik Rubricering...als doel om nog beter is het van belang dat het maken van keuzes Auteur (s) passende adviezen te kunnen genereren. binnen een moeilijk grijpbaar...benaderd door de theorie achter de onderwijsconcepten te toetsen aan het oordeel van de expert. Er zijn echter beperkingen in deze opzet denkbaar die
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1992-04-01
Instituuts Advies R2ad PML Prof. dr. U.A.Th. Brinkanl~ 36. Direactur van het Medisch Biologisch Laboratorium TNO Prof.Dr. W.R.F. Notten 37. Directeur...Grootsdialige Rampenbestrijdcing Ministerie van Binnenlandsc Zaken Drs. H. Evers 9. Adviseur van het Prins Maurits Laboratorium TWO Prot. Dr. J.M. van...Rossum, 10. Adyisew, van het Prins Maurits Laboratorium TWO Chernisdie Research Prof.Dr. G. Dijkstra 11. H~ur. NBC DMKIJOMAT/KIO Ir. AAM. Slagveer 12
-
2007-07-01
effects (Softwaremodule voor het simuleren van de gevolgen van raketonderschepping) 11 . AUTHOR(S) Dr E. Abadjieva, MSc R.P. Sterkenburg, MSc F. Bouquet...Softwaremnodule voor het simuleren van de gevolgen van raketonderschepping D)attini Juli 2007 Auteur(s) dr. F. Abadjicva ir. R.P Sterkenburg ir. F. Bouquet ir...P.W. D)ouip Rubricering rapport O)ngerubri ceerd Vastgesteld door Maj R. 11 . Jongkinid Vastgesteld d.d. 12 juni 2007 (Deze nitining mizil-4 sict
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1991-08-01
diagnos van SE WACO systmnen/ AD-A245 424111 1fl1,l Niets uit deze uitgave mag warden vermenigvuldligd en/of oPenbaar gemaakt door middel van druk...fotakopie. microfilm of op welks andere whlze dan ook, zonder voorafgaande toeslemming van TNO. Hot ter inzage geven van het TNO-rapport aan direct...belanghebbenden is tegestaan. HYP. vanl OC dt Indian dit rapport in opdracht ward uitgebracht, wordt voor de, rechten en verpiichtingen van opdrachtgever en
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Dutch Anthropometry for Vehicle Design and Evaluation
2008-10-01
middelen Beschrijving van de werkzaamheden Uitgaande van afmetingen van Nederlanders zijn grenswaarden voor negen paspoppen. met vanSrende...vastgesteld voor het jaar 2015 Hierbij is uitgegaan van een Nederlands antropometrisch bestand (NedScan) Resultaten en conclusies Het resultaat is een kort... Nederlands antropometrisch bestand (NedScan) en van lichaamsafmetingen van goedgekeurde K.L rekruten. De grenswaarden omvatten 95% van dat Nederlandse
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2006-12-01
ante implementatietoetsing van beleid Een methodiek gebaseerd op synergie tussen risicomnanagemnent en verandermanagemnent Datuni december 2006 Auteur (s...te analyseren. Het de resultaten van de interviews gebruikct bij de theorie van risicomanagement en project Verandermanagernent bij de de ontwikkehing...Opdrachtnummer Hoewel expliciet is gekeken naar voorbeelden van risico’s bij Datum december 2006 Auteur (s) PROGRAMMA PR03ECT drs. R.C.T. de Haas drs
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Representation of Research Paradigms as a Function of Familiarity with Research Domains
1992-07-01
van de paradigma’s te kunnen vaststellen. Keuze van het Juiste paradigma werd bepaald door proefpersonen te vragen de betreffende zin te classificeren...als afkomstig van een bepaaid type onderzoek. De innoud van het paradigma werd bepaald door proefpersonen te, vragen zoveel kenmerken voor bet
-
1993-12-01
dr. U.A. Th. Brinkmnan 31* Directeur van het Medisch Biologisch Laboratorium TNO Prof. dr. W.R.F. Notten 32 PML-TNO, Directeur; daarna reserve 33 PML...Generaal Personeel Ministerie van Defensie 8* Adviseur van het Prins Maurits Laboratorium TNO Chemnische Research Prof. dr. G. Dijkstra 9* lid van de
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2007-11-01
athankelijkheden, de hoeveelheid situatie? Auteur (s) ir. P.L.H. Cleophas drs. M.H.M. Delmee PROGRAMMA PROJECT drs. S. Hoesmans drs. P.G.M. van Scheepstal drs...hiertussen een aanvullende belangrijke schakel. In theorie worden binnen de CLAS en CZSK verschillende methoden voor het plannen van een operatie gehanteerd...J.H.A.Blokker MCM drs P.G.M. van Scheepstal Afdelingshoofd Auteur 72/72 TNO-rapport I TNO-DV 2007 A452 TNO-rapport I TNO-DV 2007 A452 Bijlage A 11/4 A Fysiek
-
1998-06-01
deeltjes in het masker, de luclitwegen of de detector worden protectiefactoren gevonden die in het algemneen te optimistisch zijn [11, 12]. De gevonden...zijn wel te relateren aan bepaalde activiteiten. 4.2.2 Natuurlijk atmosferisch stof Door de firma TSI is een apparaat ontwikkeld (Portacount) dat...onderdruk afnemen [5]. Door de firma Dynatech Nevada (USA) wordt een apparaat geproduceerd dat van dit principe gebruikmaakt. Het apparaat is voorzien
-
1996-10-10
time informatie wordt door Eisenhardt (1989) gedefinieerd als " information about a firm’s operations or environment for which there is little or no...op het invoeren van (getypte) tekst . Conclusie Elektronisch Brainstormen: * in principe geschikt om Eigen Mogelijkheden te genereren, vooral als de...Capaieairt ca •acitenit ca a• C ie•lit Fig. 1 Mogelijke wijzen van besluitvorming (zie tekst ) als functie van beschik- bare tijd, capaciteit en ervaring van
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1992-06-01
man de eisen van bet NAVO.-document voldsan word.. Het AstroCarb-filter bleek voor alle geteste gassen gemakkelijk de vereiste doorbroaktijden te halen ...hill ?NO famwtyn J-3r d~mf tI~nq"M#-rI~ m t~w)-im TNO RCl1 U W2 AM " TNO-por PML1 32490333 Pagins 2 Samenvatting De gasbescherniende eigenschappen van ...De schoktest tastte de prestaties van bet filter niet man. Summary The gas protective properties of an AstroCarb 200 NBC filter which is usid in the
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1992-11-01
beschermkap van het apparaat af te halen , waardoor bij een eventuele ontsteking het energetisch materiaal (al dan niet brandend) weg kan springen. Tevens...TNO-DefensieonderzoekPr TN TNO-rapport Kwalificatielclassificatie van explosieve stoffen ~ PML 1992-68 en munitief Rapport ]I: Testontwikkeling...rapport Kwalificatielclassificatie van explosieve stoffen PML 1992-68 en munitie Rapport f1: Testontwikkeling november 1992 ~~- ExorrIaar no:- 1ýMI
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Definitie Rapport Taktisch LAN Demonstratie (Definition Report Tactical LAN Demonstration)
1990-06-01
am deze sneiheid te halen . Hierover kan eon uitspraak warden gedaan, enerzijds na de ontwikkeling van het S-4 interface en anderzijds na berokeningen...90-A02 *2ma~D. Definitie rapport taktisch LAN Niels Ult deze urgave reai erorden verrnengvldigd er of openbaar genakt door MiddeI van druk. folokopre...microfrilm Of OP wetke arroere 00lze 000 00k. zonoe, O~u S vdorafgaanoe loestermeng van TNOHet ter inzage gen van het TNO-rapport Ing. R. J . C.14
-
2008-05-01
bommenpakken kunnen geven bij bewegingen worden gemeten met de volgende bewegingbeperkingtests: sit-and-reach, stand-and-reach, abductie van de armen ...anteflexie van de armen en beperking van zicht. Bij de sit-and-reach test komt een eventuele belernmering bij het voorover buigen naar voren. De...proefpersoon zit op de grond met de benen en armen gestrekt naar voren. Daarbij wordt de afstand tussen de tenen en de vingers gemeten (figuur 4). Als het pak
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Trajectory Simulation Model for a Side- Thruster Guided MLRS-Type Vehicle
1999-05-01
km halen . Voor de toekomst heeft men behoefte aan een dracht van ongeveer 60 km. Het is de doelstelling van opdracht A95KL410 om kennis en inzicht...G.M.H.J.L. Gadiot Datum mei 1999 Opdrachtnr. A95KL410 Rapportnr. PML 1998-A80 Figuur M.I.- Lancering van een M26-raket vanaf een MLRS ’launcher’. De...Koninklijke Nederlandse Landmacht (KL) heeft het ’Multiple Launcher Rocket System’ (MLRS) in gebruik. Met de huidige uitrusting kan men een dracht van 30
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2008-10-01
346 35 39 77 lnfo-DenV@tno nl Datum oktober 2008 Auteur (s) dr. ir. MM..I. Houben J.A. Verhave Rubricering rapport Ongerubriceerd Vastgesteld... Auteur (s) dr. ir. M.M.J. Houben J.A. Verhave Rubricering rapport Ongerubriceerd TNO-rapport | TNO-DV 2008 A395 4/19 Summary Sound exposure level...ontwikkeld om de geluidsexpositie van CEPs te bepalen (TNO-project 032.13072, rapport TNO-DV 2008 A054) [1], In theorie kan het totale
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Mobiel Optreden: Verkennend Onderzoek (Mobile Deployment: Investigation)
1992-02-01
Koninklijke Luchtmacht 8 1.2 Veranderingen in het Wereldbeeld 9 1.3 Mobiel Optreden 9 1.4 Struktur van het Rapport 11 2 DOELSTELLINGEN STUDIE 13 2.1...militaire gevolgen daarvan die sindsdien plaats; vonden, achterhaalden de uitgangspunten en dnarmee de belangstelling van zowel Koninklijke Luchtmacht...Luchttransport - Secundair: * Vliegbases * Control and Reporting Centre / Military Air Traffic Control Centre. TNO rapport Pagina 9 1.2 Veranderingen in
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[Multidisciplinary treatment in orthodontics].
Oosterkamp, B C M; Kuijpers, M A R
2015-11-01
In deze editie van het NTvT neemt het thema ‘Multidisciplinaire aanpak in de orthodontie’ de lezer mee in de mogelijkheden van multidisciplinaire zorg vanuit een orthodontisch oogpunt. Tandheelkunde is niet meer uitsluitend gericht op preventie en behandeling van cariës. De gebitstoestand van zowel kinderen als volwassenen is de afgelopen 30 jaar namelijk sterk verbeterd. De cariëservaring is duidelijk afgenomen en mensen behouden steeds langer hun natuurlijke gebit. Daarnaast is een fraai uitziend en goed functionerend gebit steeds vanzelfsprekender geworden en zijn patiënten gemotiveerd hun gebit te behouden. Deze ontwikkelingen vragen ook van (mond)zorgverleners een andere kijk op de zorg. De tandheelkundige zorg betreft steeds meer integrale zorg met een multidisciplinair karakter waarbij verschillende disciplines samenwerken om in samenspraak met de patiënt tot een optimaal resultaat te komen.
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Preparation and Analysis of Samples for the Third Round Robin Verification Exercise
1992-07-01
Hooge 34 Lid instituuts Advies Raad PML Prof. dr. U.A. Th. Brinkman 35 Directeur van het Medisch Biologisch Laboratorium TNO Proft dr. W.R.F. Notten 36...1991 werd uitgevoerd, heeft het Prins Maurits Laboratorium TNO de monsters aangemaakt die bestonden uit rubber, verf en beton. Deze materialen, die...Maurits Laboratorium TNO Chemische Research Prof. dr. G. Dijksrra 10 HBur. NBC-DMKIJOMATIKIO In. A.A.M. Slagveer 11 Lid van de Contact Cominissie NBC
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1994-03-18
Paillard, 1960). The benefit of movement chunks would lie in the associated reduction of storage and retrieval capacity (see e.g. Gallistel , 1980; Jones...1983; Fromkin, 1981; Gallistel , 1980; Zimmer & Korndle, 1988) but interval durations should be affected as well. The notion of sequence-specific...point where they can be made more rapidly and accurately with little variation. Then they become welded together into ’chunks’" ( Gallistel , 1980, p.367
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2006-07-01
meting Maatke uzest rategi e Borstomvang =1 11 [104 ý 616 [120 124 Primair Tailleomvang =106 98 b02~ . 10 114 118 Secundair Halsomvang = 37,4 ý5 6 9 40...Vastgcsteld d.d. 3 juli 2006 Titel Ongerubriceerd M anagementuittrekscl Ongerubriceerd Samenvatting Ongerubriceerd Rapporttekst Ongerubriceerd Oplage . 9 ...kieding Het KPU bedrijf verstrekt kieding aan het Defensie-personeel en gebruikt daartoe een lichaamsscanner. Deze nieuwe techniek heeft gevolgen voor
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Physical Protection: the State of the Art
2005-02-01
fundamentele mechanisme van adsorptie van water beschrijft; dit is ingewikkeld en kost veel tijd ; een tweede benadering is het opstellen van een eenvoudig...gasscheidingsmethoden, bij voorkeur regeneratief, zijn zeer wenselijk vanwege de logistieke voordelen en de gegarandeerde langere operatie tijd . P(T)SA is meer...in de loop van de tijd ) met vrij simpele middelen en technieken sterk worden verbeterd. Deze technieken, zoals micro-encapsulatie en toevoeging van
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2007-04-01
en verantwoordelijkheden van de uitgestegen soldaat Deel A: verplaatsen van beslisbevoegdheden Datumn april 2007 Auteur (s) R. de Bruin ITE. van Bernmel...Admiraal, Bureau SMP Auteur (s) R. de Bruin Program maleider Projectleider I.E. van Bemnmel dr. W.A. Lotens, A.J. van Vliet, A.J. van Vijet TNO Defensie en...Leadership Theory en wordt relevant geacht voor de ontvangers van aanvullende beslisbevoegdheden. 2.1.3 Het oogmerk van de hogere commandant Een ander
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Inventarisatie telematica-ontwikkelingen Natco (Inventory Telematics Developments Natco)
1998-05-01
telefonie, die binnen afzienbare tijd een bereikbaarheid over nagenoeg de gehele wereldbol kan garanderen. Ook hier is de koppeling van netwerken van...PCS is ’de mogelijkheid voor een gebruiker te communiceren in elke gewenste vorm, op elke tijd , op elke plaats en in verschillende rollen...wat betreft plaats, tijd en tempo van het leren, kan worden gerealiseerd. De toepassing van teleleren kan leiden tot een verbetering van de interne
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Operating in the Human Domain Lessons of a Decade of War for the Dutch Army
2014-06-13
Plasschaert, Minister of Defense, In Het Belang Van Nederland [in the Interest of the Netherlands] (The Hague, The Netherlands: Ministry of Defense... Nederland [in the Interest of the Netherlands]. The Hague, The Netherlands: Ministry of Defense, 2013. Klem, M. H. Het Nederlandse Veiligheidsbeleid...in Een Veranderende Wereld, Verkennende Studie Voor Het WRR-Rapport Nederland in De Wereld. [the Dutch Security Policy in a Changing World, Scoping
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2007-12-01
warmtebelastingtests vast te stellen en (sit-and-reach, stand-and-reach. abductie referentiewaarden te bepalen door het van de arnen, anteflexie van de armen ...volgende, bewegingbeperkingtests: sit-and-reach, stand-and-reach. abductie van de armen , anteflexie van de armen en beperking van zicht. Bij de sit-and...gebogen op de rand van een tafel en houdt de armen zo ver mogeijk gestrekt naar voren op tafel. Daarbij wordt de afstand vanaf de rand van de tafel tot
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2006-02-01
ing. H.C. Trap, dr. ir. M.J. van der werd zes maal gesproken over de Schans, ing. L.F. Chau, B.). Lander, invulling en de voortgang van het I.A. Cordia ...dr. ir. M.J. van der Schans, ing. L.F. Chau, J.P. Oostdijk, B.J. Lander, l.A. Cordia 25 TNO Defensie en Veiligheid, vestiging Rijswijk, Marketing en
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Speed Measuring System (Detectoren en Signaalbewerking Voor Het Snelheidsmeetsysteem 4-01)
1989-03-01
een hogere nauwkeurigheid te halen dan san de voet van bet signasi mogelijk is bij een grote signaalaniplitude, Wanneer de S/L < 6 is wordt de drempel...snelheidsmeetsysteem 4-01 Niets Uilf deze ultgave mag worden vermenigvuldigd en of openbaar gemaakt door mlddel van druk fotokope microfilm autour~s): of op welke...andere wijze dan 006 zonder voorafgaarode toestemming van TNO J. van der Haven Hetlter I zage geven van net TNO-rappoit aan direct belanghebbenoen is
-
1991-06-01
1.3 Opleiding en onderzoek met voertuigsimulatoren 9 1.4 Opbouw van simulatoren 11 1.5 Totstandkomning van beelden in CGI-systemen 13 1.6 Bepalen van...pictures in vehicle simulators. A literature survey s 029 9 20 Aantal bladzijden: 102 .JISTRIBIYI±WN- STATEMEN9 -2 39 Approved for public release; 2 28 9 ...Achteruitkijkspiegels en verrekijkers 79 8.2 Helderheidsversterkers en warmtebeelden 80 8.3 Middelen om afstand te bepalen 80 9 INTERACTIES VAN HET
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2007-04-01
Dergelijke omngevingen zijn tot op heden vrijwel uitsluitend gebruikt voor training en onderwijs , maar slechts zeer sporadisch voor wetenschappelijk...Onderstaande instanties/personen ontvangen een volledig exemplaar van het rapport. 1 DMO/SC-DR&D standaard inclusief digitale versie bijgeleverd op cd
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Militaire Toepassingen Van Adaptieve Optiek (Military Applications of Adaptive Optics)
2006-09-01
dat op dit moment met de beschikbare theorie mogelijk is. Een ander interessant aspect is de mate waarin de turbulentie effecten het jam patroon...systemen In WEAG studie JP8. 11 is aangetoond dat in theorie adaptieve technieken een verbetering van de prestaties van een DIRCM systeem kunnen...Molenaar; Theorie van de laserscintillometer; TNO repot PHL 1978-16 (1978). TNO-rapport I TNO-DV 2006 A336 35/35 6 Ondertekening Den Haag, september 2006
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Testbed Environment for Distributed Observation (testbed omgeving voor gedistribueerde waarneming)
2006-05-01
het IP-adres en portnumnmer van de MID halen . Ook de naamn van de XML-file om de NID te beschrijven staat hierin vermeld (in dit geval ’CSD.xmId’) in...DeviceML beschrijving van de NID op te halen . Dit wordt gedaan door een TCP/IP verbinding op te zetten tussen de LUS en de NID (via de DeviceML port...vernisenigvuidigd! enlof openbaar gensaaki door middel van druk, fotokopie, microftinm of op welke andere wijze dan ook, zonder voorafgaande schrifielijke
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Het SOWNet Experiment (The SOWNet Experiment)
2008-07-01
dat bet energieverbruik van de EQS zenders naar aanleiding van een gem-iddelde voertuigpassage circa 5 keer zo hoog is dan die van de SOWNet-zenders...code (I byte). * Een Belief- parameter (1 byte). * Een geheugenindex (2 bytes). * Lijst met Destination ID-codes, aangevuld met nullen. vaste omvang 10...verwachting voldoende hoog is zal de node alarm slaan. Als een sensor een object detecteert (hetzij als een False Alarm, hetzij doordat een object
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1993-03-01
cervV epa Addm Ing. J.A. van (3ooI - 12-02-1993 It7T- PAPOTNCNTAE g,: Accesion For Frederikkaze~rne, gebouw 140 OGRBIER TS CAI T v/ d Burchlaafl 31 HPC...16A r~l D TIC -;S TEL. 070-3166394/6395 ONGERUBRICEERD) !’ ,ro’ ;Cc FAX. (31) 070-.3166202 Srevtil:JSl--to ElostbUs 90701 Saiqwag ......zto I...Tabel I geeft d onderdelen van de TNO~~~~-SC e e fiknemattnozc a ei etU rnebe[I] becrvnSB Tae I ljtvnodreediqu atvscinvnd I-C TaeD ef e onder d n o
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Conceptontwerp nieuwe slaapmatten (Concept Design of Sleeping Mattresses)
2008-11-01
Datum november 2008 Auteur (s) drs. P.A. Reffeltrath ing. M.G. Brandsma M.G.M. Weghorst Rubricering rapport Ongerubriceerd TK9 TNO-rapport...slaapmatten in combinatie met de gegevens van objectieve metingen. In theorie maakt het conceptontwerp het mogelijk om tegen minder gewicht en pakvolume...making a mattress that is lighter, has less packing volume, is more comfortable and more durable than the currently available mattresses. In theory
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2008-12-01
Structuur 6 2.2 Inzetketen 8 2.3 Combinaties van W&M en doelen 9 2.4 Militaire activiteiten 10 3 De OVG context 11 4 Kennislacunes wapens en...Aanlal pagina’s Aantal bijlagen Ongerubriceerd drs. R.G.W. Gouweleeuw 7 november 2008 11 )eze mbricering \\N ijzigl mci) Ongerubriceerd...TNO-rapport | TNO-DV 2008 A436 9 /24 2.3 Combinaties van W&M en doelen In [2] is een overzicht opgesteld van zogenoemde ’force assets’ die tegen
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1992-06-01
ATCCIS beoogt juist dat te bereiken door te werken aan ecn informatie model en een data element dictionary. TNO-rapport Pagina 9 Binnen bet C2...en distributie 44 4.3.2 Interface met de gebruiker 45 4.3.3 Interface met dc operationcle database 46 TNO-rapport Pagina 11 4.3.3.1 Interpretatie...die bezig zijn met het ontwikkelen en implementeren van berichtformaten. Deel I van de publicatie bevat de beschrijving van FORMETS, delen 11 , I11 en
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2007-07-01
testfaciliteit detector met de drie simulanten getest beschikbaar gekomen voor het testen van Beschrijving van de worden volgens gangbare internationale bio...2005 werd de Bio-Adrosol Testkamer (BAT-kamer) geplaatst door de firma Dycor Technologies Ltd., Canada. In de BAT-kamner kan een bio-ai5rosol...bestaande ruimte past. In beide gevallen bleek de firma Dycor Technologies Ltd in Canada (http://www.dycor.com) de beste leverancier te zijn, en voor beide
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1989-07-31
de onderzaeker nadig had am van bet instituut naar de werkplek te reizen . Genaemde diensten waren er niet zeker van dat bet nag steeds druk zau zijn...tegen de tijd dat anderzoeker ter plaatse zau zijn. Daarap werd beslaten bij deze diensten twee midweken (dinsdag t/m donderdag) cantinu te observeren...eon onderzoek to doen. Do tijd tussen oproep en begin van het onderzoek was 30 tot 40 minuten. Hot onderzoek word afgebroken als do werkpiek vaorbij was
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2007-12-01
kleding. omnstandigheden. zoals borst. armen en benen. Omdat er geen De nieuwe kieding met impactbLscherming bestaand testprotocol voor het testen van...verschillende onderdelen die bescherming biedt op diverse plaatsen op bet lichaam zoals borst, armen en benen. Orndat er geen bestaand testprotocol voor bet... armen en benen, Hieronder wordt kort omischreven welke ergonomische testen uitgevoerd moesten worden. 2.6.1 Sprint Bij een korte sprint (10 meter
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2006-04-01
uitvoeren, en hoe lang men deze operaties wit kunnen voortzetten. Deze vragen zijn niet binnen AGO te beantwoorden, mawr de antwoorden op deze vragen...Bovenstaande modellen zijn allen in gebruik bij DSTL. Daarnaast beschikt de DGD&D over een eigen wargame (MINERVA) waarmee men seminars ten beboeve van...gemnodelleerd. Zo zijn er voor de afzonderlijke tanks geen vuursectoren gemodelleerd waarbinnen men terugvuurt. Dit kan in de toekomnst wel verder
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1999-12-01
9 . http://home.earthlink.net/-fradella/homepage.htm 10. http ://web.mit.edu/aeroastro/www/labs/GTL/research/micro/micro.html 11 . http://www.ecr.co.il...Meijer 7 LAS/DB&P/BO/OB&T taxv. aooi Jansen 8 LAS/DB&PIBO/OB 9 LAS/DB&P/BO/CIV 10 OGMAN/Externe plannen Infanterie 11 DM/C31 12 DM/COM 13 KPU-bedrijf 14...detailed specifications mentioned before. TNO-rapport TNO-MEP - R 99/490 9 van 51 Samenvatting In dit rapport wordt een eerste globale selectie gemaakt: van
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2007-03-01
het prestatieniveau de fysieke aspecten met behuip van een gedurende alle sessies. Conclusies: op een hoog peil te houden. Het onderzoek...started at 6:30 h. On every test day and on every parameter the animals were tested in the same order. To maintain a sustained level of the alertness...quantitatively assesses these parameters and is extensively described and validated [Wolthuis et al., 1994; Philippens et al., 2000]. The apparatus (see
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2007-07-01
desmuramylpeptides in combination with chemically synthesized Toll-like receptor agonists synergistically induced production of interleukin-8 in a NOD2- and NODI...biothreat agents may be an option, however there is a broad range of biothreat agents, which may become even broader as a result of genetic engeneering
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1990-06-01
levels -of- processing " ( Craik & Lockhart , 1972) en de "working memory" (Baddeley & Hitch, 1974) benaderingen deze verschijnselen beter...of storing information in LTS. 2.2 The levels -of- processing framework Craik and Lockhart (1972), in a very influential paper, proposed what they...Cognitive theory. (Vol. 1). (pp. 151-171). Hillsdale, N.J.: Erlbaum. Craik , F.l.M & Lockhart , R.S. (1972). Levels of processing : A frame- work
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2007-02-01
mannencultuur. Uit onderzoek blijkt dat vrouwelijke BBT-ers (Beroeps Bepaalde Tijd ) zicb goed tbuis voelen bij de (masculiene) organisatiecultuur van...de KL. Zij ervaren bovendien geen benadeling of negatieve bejegening. Vrouwelijke BOT-ers (Beroeps Onbepaalde Tijd ) geven daarentegen wel aan dat zij...arbeid en zorg. Meer tijd voor de thuissituatie, waarbij de werknemner zelf kan beslissen hoe zij deze fijd bet beste kan aanpassen aan de behoefte van
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1991-08-01
en Aemne Vrwaarden Wo OndOrzoeks 8 FE 1 1 opdrchl aT00’ dn wet do bereflende F B 0 1 9 terzake tussen partilon geslOlen dw:Agsu overOerikomStf...Ongemlbric~~d 9 -028 14 :259 wwWmtmd.fl 59w IEEIIIIiiiarabIg 1 c~ Vrederikkazerle, Geb. InO 03 3.. ~ van den Burchlaal 312 03 173Telefoofl 070-3166394...1ILEIDING 6 2 HET FYSISCHE MODEL 8 3 ONDERZOEK AAN DE DIFFERENTIAALVERGELIJKING 11 3.1 Existentie en uniciteit van ccii oplossing 11 3.2 Continulleit en
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2005-09-01
kEuro. De doeistellingen van ditprogranxnu zijn in der tijd ais volgt ornscbreven. Defensiedoelstelling Het prograruma beeft tot doe] de Kennis Kunde en...typeklassificatie en kwalificatieprocedure in Nederland is achterhaald; genoemde organisatie en functionarissen bijvoorbeeld dienen bij de tijd te...voorzien is van een kunststof coating waaraan de te analyseren stof adsorbeert. Deze vezel wordt vervolgens gedurende enige tijd in contact gebracht
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Werkbelasting Is Nog Geen Stress (Workload Does Not Necessarily Produce Stress)
1991-09-10
Cogmitie en energie 8 1.2 Mentale inspanning 10 2 MENTALE WERKBELASTING 11 2.1 Taakmoeilijkheid 12 2.2 De mens als verwerker van informatie 13 2.3 Het... gevolgen van deze verstoringen: verminderd functioneren en welzijn, slaapstoor- nissen, psychosomatische klachten en verhoogde gezondheidsrisico . 6 Rep.No...zich geen nadelige gevolgen te hebben, mits de situatie maar niet te lang aanhoudt en we ons weer kunnen herstellen; anders gaan negatieve reacties
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Tactisch Optreden van kleine eenheden (Small Unit Tactics)
2007-08-01
Marechaussee KTS Knock, Talk and Search MB Mercedes Benz MND(SE) Multinational Division (South East) NAVO Noord Atlantische Verdrag Organisatie NGO Non...patrouilles had men de beschikking over Mercedes Benz (MB) soft top wielvoertuigen, met een mitrailleur MAG 7.62 mm op affuit. Als extra bescherming was het... Mercedes Benz 5 IkN/ 7.5 kN soft top) voorzien van een voertuigaffuit met een mitrailleur MAG 7,62mm, uitgevoerd (zie Figuur 8). Bij verhoogde dreiging
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Discriminating Sea Spikes in Incoherent Radar Measurements of Sea Clutter
2008-03-01
het detecteren echter niet te verwachten dat bet gebruik van sea spikes te onderzoeken. Een van deze modellen zal leiden tot een Auteur (s) dergelijk...report I TNO-DV 2008 A067 6/33 Abbreviations CFAR Constant False-Alarm Rate CST Composite Surface Theory FFT Fast Fourier Transform PDF Probability Density...described by the composite surface theory (CST). This theory describes the sea surface as small Bragg-resonant capillary waves riding on top of
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[The effect of mood-stabilising drugs on cytokine levels in bipolar disorder: a systematic review].
Van Den Ameele, S; van Diermen, L; Staels, W; Coppens, V; Dumont, G; Sabbe, B; Morrens, M
Veranderde cytokineconcentraties bij personen met een bipolaire stoornis ten opzichte van controle-personen suggereren een rol van het immuunsysteem in de pathofysiologie van bipolaire stoornis. Farmacotherapie is een belangrijke verstorende factor in klinisch onderzoek naar cytokineconcentraties.
DOEL: Evalueren van cytokineconcentraties bij medicatievrije patiënten met een bipolaire stoornis en van het effect van stemmingsstabiliserende geneesmiddelen op deze concentraties.
METHODE: We doorzochten systematisch PubMed en Embase naar klinische studies die cytokineconcentraties bij medicatievrije patiënten met een bipolaire stoornis beschrijven of het effect van een individueel stemmingsstabiliserend geneesmiddel op deze concentraties evalueren.
RESULTATEN: Van de 564 gescreende artikelen werden er 17 geïncludeerd. Resultaten bij medicatievrije patiënten toonden stemmingsgerelateerde cytokineveranderingen. Hoewel geen data over de kortetermijneffecten van lithium beschikbaar waren, was lithiumgebruik langer dan 2 maanden geassocieerd met normale cytokineconcentraties. Twee studies rapporteerden geen effect van valproïnezuur. We vonden geen studies over carbamazepine, lamotrigine of antipsychotica.
CONCLUSIE: Dit systematisch literatuuroverzicht toont stemmingsgerelateerde cytokineveranderingen bij medicatievrije patiënten met een bipolaire stoornis met de meeste evidentie voor een pro-inflammatoire immuunrespons tijdens manie. Euthymie en langdurig lithiumgebruik zijn geassocieerd met normale cytokineconcentraties. Er is een belangrijke methodologische heterogeniteit en onvoldoende replicatie tussen studies. Longitudinale studies met medicatievrije beginmetingen, gerandomiseerde monotherapeutische behandelprotocollen en nauwkeurige monitoring van stemming zijn noodzakelijk.
BACKGROUND: Alterations of the cytokine level in persons with bipolar disorder - when compared to controls - suggest that the immune system plays a role in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder. Pharmacotherapy is an important confounding factor in clinical research on cytokine levels.
AIM: To evaluate the evidence on cytokine levels in medication-free bipolar disorder and to study the effects that single mood-stabilising drugs have on these levels.
METHOD: We searched PubMed and Embase systematically in order to single out clinical studies that reported on cytokine levels in medication-free bipolar disorder or that commented on the effects of single mood-stabilising drugs on cytokine levels.
RESULTS: Of the 564 articles that we screened, we detected 17 that were particularly relevant for our investigation. Results for medication-free patients point to mood-related alterations in cytokine levels. Although we found no data relating to short-term effects of lithium, the use of lithium in euthymic populations was associated with normal cytokine levels. Two studies reported no effect of valproate. We did not find any studies relating to carbamazepine, lamotrigine or antipsychotics.
CONCLUSION: Our systematic review of the literature suggests the presence of mood-related changes in cytokine levels in medication-free patients with bipolar disorder, with the most evidence for a proinflammatory response during a manic episode. Euthymia and long-term use of lithium use are associated with normal cytokine levels. There is considerable heterogeneity in the methods used in these studies and too little replication. Future research will have to include longitudinal studies with medication-free baseline measurements. It will also be necessary to draw up single-drug treatment protocols and to conduct intensive mood-related monitoring. -
[Cynocephali and Blemmyae. Congenital anomalies and medieval exotic races].
Bos, C A; Baljet, B
1999-12-18
In the mediaeval Dutch manuscript Der naturen bloeme ('On the flowers of nature') by Jacob van Maerlant (circa 1230-circa 1296), an encyclopaedia of descriptions of people, animals, plants and minerals dating from about 1270, many illustrations refer to the text. An intriguing part of the book is called 'Vreemde volkeren' ('Exotic people'). In another manuscript of Van Maerlant, Dit is die istory van Troyen ('The history of Troyes') in the chapter 'De wonderen van het Verre Oosten' ('The miracles of the Far East') the exotic people are also described. These exotic people have many features similar to congenital malformations. 'Hippopodes' are probably based on the lobster claw syndrome, 'Cynocephali' on anencephaly, 'Arimaspi' on cyclopia, 'Blemmyae' on acardiacus, the double-faced on diprosopus, 'Sciopods' on polydactyly and 'Antipodes' on the sirenomelia sequence.
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1993-03-01
shape distortion. For recognitio , , however, camouflage rnr’f.ure" have to adjiist the tLugek signoawuie in more detail to the background clutter...ous trees, 4m height at ±100m range 4 ag.. _!tural field (seasonal plant growing) 5 ba~e soil (ploughed rough surface) 1) concrete -, face 7 Water...surlace (small pond, Im depth) 8 Up- and down hill slopes (bare seil and grass covered). North and South facing At regular intervals, the physical
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2006-12-01
2004). The trade off between protection and performance for dismounted infantry in the assault. Personal Armour System Symposium, PASS-2004, Kijkduin...of protection, mobility and risk Info-DenV@tno.nl perception on the behaviour and physical performance of a combat soldier Date December 2006 Author(s...behaviour and physical performance of a combat soldier Programmanummer Projectnummer V205 014.16190 Program maplanning Projectplannlng Start 01-04-2003
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1993-03-01
8 2.3 De Flyer Plate Assembly (.FPA) 9 3 OPZET VAN DE MFTThIGEN 11 3.1 De djfferentjaalstroommetiflg 11 3.2 Stroommetingen 12 3.3...25 n11)" II )60 S. L) I.P014 25 ,rzit II ,0 8 9 28 ).7 I 10.7 273.0 2.15 43790 1.318 - - - IM,I5 25 Nr. 11 60 8.9 279.t) 125.9 274.1 2.22 44406 1...4 HWO-KLU 5 HWO-KM 6 DMKL J.A. van Gool 7/ 9 TDCK 10 Hoofddirecteur DO-TNO 11 Lid Inst jtuuts Advies Raad PMIL Prof. drs. P.J. van den Berg 12 Lid
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[Preserving life and limb on the stage of death: the Dance of Death by Dr Salomon van Rusting].
Dreier, Rolf P; Mackenbach, Johan P
2012-01-01
Salomon van Rusting was a medical doctor from Amsterdam who lived and worked around the early 1700 s. He wrote one of the few Dutch Death Dances, naming it 'Het Schouw-Tooneel des Doods'. A Death Dance was an artistic expression of human death popular in the Late Middle Ages. The traditional Death Dance invited acknowledgement of the vanity of worldly existence ('memento mori') by portraying human subjects' encounters with 'Death'. This paper describes the context in which Van Rusting's work arose and briefly characterizes its highly original and, for the most part, rather burlesque nature. In contrast to other Death Dances, Van Rusting's work does not represent medicine as being powerless in the face of death. His work strikes us as having almost modern confidence in our own ability to avoid an untimely death by living sensibly.
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1990-06-01
acid-chloride 5. - acid-fluoride 6. - acid-dibromidde 7. - acid-dichioride 8. - acid-difluoride 9 . - acid-tribromide 10. - acid-trichloride 11 ...zeer 3 1 3 gewoon 3 11 4 weinig 3 111 5 Brandbare vaste stof zeer 4.1 1 6 gewoon 4.1 11 7 weinig 4.1 111 8 Zeif ontbrandbare stof zeer 4.2 1 9 gewoon...I (S) 31 gewoon 8 11 (S) 33 weinig 8 111 (S) 35 Overige gevaren 9 36 TNO rapport Bijiage B Pgn B.1 BULAGE B: RANGORDE VAN GEVAARSEIGENSCHAPPEN
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1991-08-01
insert various jamming signals. The criterion for classifying radio equipment under test is the quality of transferred information , that is the SINAD...UNCLASSFED) This report describes a test facility for measuring the behaviour and quality of radio communication equipment in a simulated operational...formation FEL has the disposal of a facility to test the quality of radio equipment in a simulated operational situation. (Y .. ,. -’ , / " " ’ TNO mppon 4
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Analysing Operational Effects (Het analyseren van operationele effecten)
2007-09-01
Programmanummer Projectnummer Datum V215 032.10 177 september 2007 Program maplanning Projectplanning Auteur (s)drs. M. Duistermaat Start 1 maart 2003 Start 1...called an effect, and when do we call it a task. In theory , an effect is formulated as ’to have accomplished a change in the situation’. and a task is...determining strategies for the mission. In the current chapter, we look at the different ways of utilization of the framework: in theory (the operational
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2008-03-01
Communications Earplugs Auteur (s) dr. ir. M.M.J. Houben Programmanummer Projectnummer J.A. Verhave 032.13072 F.W.M. Geurtsen Rubricering rapport Program...de communicatie kiest men voor een geluidniveau dat luider is dan het waargenomen omgevingsgeluid. In theorie kan bet totale geluidsexpositieniveau...Afdelingshoofd Auteur TNO-rapport I TNO-DV 2008 A054 Bijlage A 1 1/3 A Simulatie Simulatie-omgeving Uit een opname gemaakt op Vhiegbasis Volkel hebben
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2008-07-01
SimSCORM Opdrachtnummer Trainingsconcepten voor Defensie Datum Programmanummer Projectnummer juli 2008 V406 032.13224 Auteur (s) ir H.L.H. de Penning...simulators can provide learners with powerful and realistic learning environments: whereas e-learning systems provide them with interactive, mostly theory ...practice and theory , in both learning and evaluation, is becoming increasingly important. From a learner’s point of view, a powerful learning environment
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Computerized Buckling Analysis of Shells
1981-06-01
principal elements of Koiter’s theory are outlined in the previous section. In his doctoral thesis published in , Koiter shows that if certain...early 1960’s because the thesis was written in LM.. nJAl...t _CLrU1 6t AL. &Lý.A. >SL.2 LCL ._L L) . C r ~ n i: Ltia E;ULA.L ALb a 1JC~c&L~ cib atZ L...W. T., "Ovei de stabiliteit van het elastisch evenwicht," Delft thesis , H. J. Paris, Amsterdam; (English transl.) National - Aeronautics and Space
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Training with Simulated Team Members (Trainen met Gesimuleerde Teamieden).
1997-11-13
TEAMTAKEN 9 2.1 Teams 9 2.2 Teamtaken 10 2.3 De individuele deeltaken 11 2.4 De teamcomponent 11 2.5 Motivatie en attitudes 14 3 HET TRAINEN VAN TEAMS 15... 11 Fax 0346 35 39 77 datum 13 november 1997 Alle rechten voorbehouden. A oe a jb Miets uit deze uitgave mag worden vermenigvuldigd en/of openbaar...13 November 1997 7. NUMBER OF PAGES 8. NUMBER OF REFERENCES 9 . TYPE OF REPORT AND DATES COVERED 35 64 Interim 10. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Trainen met
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The Mechanism of Toxicity in HET-S/HET-s Prion Incompatibility
Seuring, Carolin; Greenwald, Jason; Wasmer, Christian; Wepf, Roger; Saupe, Sven J.; Meier, Beat H.; Riek, Roland
2012-01-01
The HET-s protein from the filamentous fungus Podospora anserina is a prion involved in a cell death reaction termed heterokaryon incompatibility. This reaction is observed at the point of contact between two genetically distinct strains when one harbors a HET-s prion (in the form of amyloid aggregates) and the other expresses a soluble HET-S protein (96% identical to HET-s). How the HET-s prion interaction with HET-S brings about cell death remains unknown; however, it was recently shown that this interaction leads to a relocalization of HET-S from the cytoplasm to the cell periphery and that this change is associated with cell death. Here, we present detailed insights into this mechanism in which a non-toxic HET-s prion converts a soluble HET-S protein into an integral membrane protein that destabilizes membranes. We observed liposomal membrane defects of approximately 10 up to 60 nm in size in transmission electron microscopy images of freeze-fractured proteoliposomes that were formed in mixtures of HET-S and HET-s amyloids. In liposome leakage assays, HET-S has an innate ability to associate with and disrupt lipid membranes and that this activity is greatly enhanced when HET-S is exposed to HET-s amyloids. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses revealed that HET-s induces the prion-forming domain of HET-S to adopt the β-solenoid fold (previously observed in HET-s) and this change disrupts the globular HeLo domain. These data indicate that upon interaction with a HET-s prion, the HET-S HeLo domain partially unfolds, thereby exposing a previously buried ∼34-residue N-terminal transmembrane segment. The liberation of this segment targets HET-S to the membrane where it further oligomerizes, leading to a loss of membrane integrity. HET-S thus appears to display features that are reminiscent of pore-forming toxins. PMID:23300377
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Signal Transduction by a Fungal NOD-Like Receptor Based on Propagation of a Prion Amyloid Fold
Daskalov, Asen; Habenstein, Birgit; Martinez, Denis; Debets, Alfons J. M.; Sabaté, Raimon; Loquet, Antoine; Saupe, Sven J.
2015-01-01
In the fungus Podospora anserina, the [Het-s] prion induces programmed cell death by activating the HET-S pore-forming protein. The HET-s β-solenoid prion fold serves as a template for converting the HET-S prion-forming domain into the same fold. This conversion, in turn, activates the HET-S pore-forming domain. The gene immediately adjacent to het-S encodes NWD2, a Nod-like receptor (NLR) with an N-terminal motif similar to the elementary repeat unit of the β-solenoid fold. NLRs are immune receptors controlling cell death and host defense processes in animals, plants and fungi. We have proposed that, analogously to [Het-s], NWD2 can activate the HET-S pore-forming protein by converting its prion-forming region into the β-solenoid fold. Here, we analyze the ability of NWD2 to induce formation of the β-solenoid prion fold. We show that artificial NWD2 variants induce formation of the [Het-s] prion, specifically in presence of their cognate ligands. The N-terminal motif is responsible for this prion induction, and mutations predicted to affect the β-solenoid fold abolish templating activity. In vitro, the N-terminal motif assembles into infectious prion amyloids that display a structure resembling the β-solenoid fold. In vivo, the assembled form of the NWD2 N-terminal region activates the HET-S pore-forming protein. This study documenting the role of the β-solenoid fold in fungal NLR function further highlights the general importance of amyloid and prion-like signaling in immunity-related cell fate pathways. PMID:25671553
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1990-08-01
reference signal 25 5 A METHOD FOR MEASURING LOW-PRF PULSED SIGNALS 28 5.1 Using a NWA with a smaller BPF 28 5.2 Using the HP 8510B external trigger...2nd LO 11Q 3MHz BPF lOkHz BPF Fig. 4: Receiver block diagram The receiver is a double conversion superheterodyne with a 10 kHz wide BandPass Filter... BPF ) in the second IF. This 10 kHz filter is the component that dictates how the HP 8510B responds to pulsed signals. For the pulsed-RF test signal
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Programme for Learning Enrichment. A Van Leer Project: An Evaluation.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Ghani, Zainal
This paper reports the evaluation of a project undertaken by the Sarawak Education Department to improve the quality of education in upper primary classes in rural Sarawak, Malaysia. The project is known officially as the Programme for Learning Enrichment, and commonly as the Van Leer Project, after the international agency which provides the main…
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77 FR 14583 - Notice to Manufacturers of Alternative Fuel Vans
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-03-12
... Alternative Fuel Vans AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), U.S. DOT. ACTION: Notice to Manufacturers of Alternative Fuel Vans. SUMMARY: Projects funded under the Airport Improvement Program (AIP) must... (FAA) is considering issuing waivers to foreign manufacturers of alternative fuel vans. This notice...
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Macquarie Univ., North Ryde (Australia). School of Education.
This series of the third, fourth, and fifth annual reports to the Bernard Van Leer Foundation on the Mt. Druitt Early Childhood Project of Macquarie University, Australia, describes the general activities, program developments, and research activities of the project for the period 1977-1979. The main objective of the project is to develop,…
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NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Fong, Terrence W.; Bualat, Maria Gabriele; Diftler, Myron A.
2015-01-01
2015 mid-year review charts of the Human Exploration Telerobotics 2 project that describe the Astrobee free-flying robot and the Robonaut 2 humanoid robot. A planned replacement for Synchronized Position Hold, Engage, Reorient, Experimental Satellite (SPHERES), which is currently in use in the International Space Station (ISS).
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NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Szabo, James J.
2015-01-01
This Phase II project is developing a magnesium (Mg) Hall effect thruster system that would open the door for in situ resource utilization (ISRU)-based solar system exploration. Magnesium is light and easy to ionize. For a Mars- Earth transfer, the propellant mass savings with respect to a xenon Hall effect thruster (HET) system are enormous. Magnesium also can be combusted in a rocket with carbon dioxide (CO2) or water (H2O), enabling a multimode propulsion system with propellant sharing and ISRU. In the near term, CO2 and H2O would be collected in situ on Mars or the moon. In the far term, Mg itself would be collected from Martian and lunar regolith. In Phase I, an integrated, medium-power (1- to 3-kW) Mg HET system was developed and tested. Controlled, steady operation at constant voltage and power was demonstrated. Preliminary measurements indicate a specific impulse (Isp) greater than 4,000 s was achieved at a discharge potential of 400 V. The feasibility of delivering fluidized Mg powder to a medium- or high-power thruster also was demonstrated. Phase II of the project evaluated the performance of an integrated, highpower Mg Hall thruster system in a relevant space environment. Researchers improved the medium power thruster system and characterized it in detail. Researchers also designed and built a high-power (8- to 20-kW) Mg HET. A fluidized powder feed system supporting the high-power thruster was built and delivered to Busek Company, Inc.
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Valladares, Ana; Flores, Enrique; Herrero, Antonia
2016-02-01
Many filamentous cyanobacteria respond to the external cue of nitrogen scarcity by the differentiation of heterocysts, cells specialized in the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen in oxic environments. Heterocysts follow a spatial pattern along the filament of two heterocysts separated by ca. 10-15 vegetative cells performing oxygenic photosynthesis. HetR is a transcriptional regulator that directs heterocyst differentiation. In the model strain Anabaena sp. PCC 7120, the HetR protein was observed in various oligomeric forms in vivo, including a tetramer that peaked with maximal hetR expression during differentiation. Tetramers were not detected in a hetR point mutant incapable of differentiation, but were conspicuous in an over-differentiating strain lacking the PatS inhibitor. In differentiated filaments the HetR tetramer was restricted to heterocysts, being undetectable in vegetative cells. HetR co-purified with RNA polymerase from Anabaena mainly as a tetramer. In vitro, purified recombinant HetR was distributed between monomers, dimers, trimers and tetramers, and it was phosphorylated when incubated with (γ-(32)P)ATP. Phosphorylation and PatS hampered the accumulation of HetR tetramers and impaired HetR binding to DNA. In summary, tetrameric HetR appears to represent a functionally relevant form of HetR, whose abundance in the Anabaena filament could be negatively regulated by phosphorylation and by PatS. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Muro-Pastor, Alicia M.; Valladares, Ana; Flores, Enrique; Herrero, Antonia
1999-01-01
The heterocyst is the site of nitrogen fixation in aerobically grown cultures of some filamentous cyanobacteria. Heterocyst development in Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 is dependent on the global nitrogen regulator NtcA and requires, among others, the products of the hetR and hetC genes. Expression of hetC, tested by RNA- DNA hybridization, was impaired in an ntcA mutant. A nitrogen-regulated, NtcA-dependent putative transcription start point was localized at nucleotide −571 with respect to the hetC translational start. Sequences upstream from this transcription start point exhibit the structure of the canonical cyanobacterial promoter activated by NtcA, and purified NtcA protein specifically bound to a DNA fragment containing this promoter. Activation of expression of hetC during heterocyst development appears thus to be directly operated by NtcA. NtcA-mediated activation of hetR expression was not impaired in a hetC mutant, indicating that HetC is not an NtcA-dependent element required for hetR induction. PMID:10542167
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Alternative Fuels Data Center: Natural Gas Delivery Vans Support McShan
FloristA> Natural Gas Delivery Vans Support McShan Florist to someone by E-mail Share Alternative Natural Gas Delivery Vans Support McShan Florist Watch how a Dallas, Texas, florist reduces emissions and saves money fueling delivery vans with compressed natural gas. For information about this project
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Kenoth, Roopa; Zou, Xianqiong; Simanshu, Dhirendra K; Pike, Helen M; Malinina, Lucy; Patel, Dinshaw J; Brown, Rhoderick E; Kamlekar, Ravi Kanth
2018-05-01
HET-C2 is a fungal glycolipid transfer protein (GLTP) that uses an evolutionarily-modified GLTP-fold to achieve more focused transfer specificity for simple neutral glycosphingolipids than mammalian GLTPs. Only one of HET-C2's two Trp residues is topologically identical to the three Trp residues of mammalian GLTP. Here, we provide the first assessment of the functional roles of HET-C2 Trp residues in glycolipid binding and membrane interaction. Point mutants HET-C2 W208F , HET-C2 W208A and HET-C2 F149Y all retained >90% activity and 80-90% intrinsic Trp fluorescence intensity; whereas HET-C2 F149A transfer activity decreased to ~55% but displayed ~120% intrinsic Trp emission intensity. Thus, neither W208 nor F149 is absolutely essential for activity and most Trp emission intensity (~85-90%) originates from Trp109. This conclusion was supported by HET-C2 W109Y/F149Y which displayed ~8% intrinsic Trp intensity and was nearly inactive. Incubation of the HET-C2 mutants with 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-phosphatidylcholine vesicles containing different monoglycosylceramides or presented by lipid ethanol-injection decreased Trp fluorescence intensity and blue-shifted the Trp λ max by differing amounts compared to wtHET-C2. With HET-C2 mutants for Trp208, the emission intensity decreases (~30-40%) and λ max blue-shifts (~12nm) were more dramatic than for wtHET-C2 or F149 mutants and closely resembled human GLTP. When Trp109 was mutated, the glycolipid induced changes in HET-C2 emission intensity and λ max blue-shift were nearly nonexistent. Our findings indicate that the HET-C2 Trp λ max blue-shift is diagnostic for glycolipid binding; whereas the emission intensity decrease reflects higher environmental polarity encountered upon nonspecific interaction with phosphocholine headgroups comprising the membrane interface and specific interaction with the hydrated glycolipid sugar. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Telomere length, ATM mutation status and cancer risk in Ataxia-Telangiectasia families.
Renault, Anne-Laure; Mebirouk, Noura; Cavaciuti, Eve; Le Gal, Dorothée; Lecarpentier, Julie; d'Enghien, Catherine Dubois; Laugé, Anthony; Dondon, Marie-Gabrielle; Labbé, Martine; Lesca, Gaetan; Leroux, Dominique; Gladieff, Laurence; Adenis, Claude; Faivre, Laurence; Gilbert-Dussardier, Brigitte; Lortholary, Alain; Fricker, Jean-Pierre; Dahan, Karin; Bay, Jacques-Olivier; Longy, Michel; Buecher, Bruno; Janin, Nicolas; Zattara, Hélène; Berthet, Pascaline; Combès, Audrey; Coupier, Isabelle; Hall, Janet; Stoppa-Lyonnet, Dominique; Andrieu, Nadine; Lesueur, Fabienne
2017-10-01
Recent studies have linked constitutive telomere length (TL) to aging-related diseases including cancer at different sites. ATM participates in the signaling of telomere erosion, and inherited mutations in ATM have been associated with increased risk of cancer, particularly breast cancer. The goal of this study was to investigate whether carriage of an ATM mutation and TL interplay to modify cancer risk in ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) families.The study population consisted of 284 heterozygous ATM mutation carriers (HetAT) and 174 non-carriers (non-HetAT) from 103 A-T families. Forty-eight HetAT and 14 non-HetAT individuals had cancer, among them 25 HetAT and 6 non-HetAT were diagnosed after blood sample collection. We measured mean TL using a quantitative PCR assay and genotyped seven single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) recurrently associated with TL in large population-based studies.HetAT individuals were at increased risk of cancer (OR = 2.3, 95%CI = 1.2-4.4, P = 0.01), and particularly of breast cancer for women (OR = 2.9, 95%CI = 1.2-7.1, P = 0.02), in comparison to their non-HetAT relatives. HetAT individuals had longer telomeres than non-HetAT individuals (P = 0.0008) but TL was not associated with cancer risk, and no significant interaction was observed between ATM mutation status and TL. Furthermore, rs9257445 (ZNF311) was associated with TL in HetAT subjects and rs6060627 (BCL2L1) modified cancer risk in HetAT and non-HetAT women.Our findings suggest that carriage of an ATM mutation impacts on the age-related TL shortening and that TL per se is not related to cancer risk in ATM carriers. TL measurement alone is not a good marker for predicting cancer risk in A-T families. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press.
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Martos, Gustavo G; Mamani, Alicia; Filippone, María P; Abate, Pedro O; Katz, Néstor E; Castagnaro, Atilio P; Díaz Ricci, Juan C
2018-02-01
Plant secondary metabolism produces a variety of tannins that have a wide range of biological activities, including activation of plant defenses and antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antitumoral effects. The ellagitannin HeT (1- O -galloyl-2,3;4,6-bis-hexahydroxydiphenoyl-β-d-glucopyranose) from strawberry leaves elicits a strong plant defense response, and exhibits antimicrobial activity associated to the inhibition of the oxygen consumption, but its mechanism of action is unknown. In this paper we investigate the influence of HeT on bacterial cell membrane integrity and its effect on respiration. A β-galactosidase unmasking experiment showed that HeT does not disrupt membrane integrity. Raman spectroscopy analysis revealed that HeT strongly interacts with the cell membrane. Spectrochemical analysis indicated that HeT is oxidized in contact with bacterial cell membranes, and functional studies showed that HeT inhibits oxygen consumption, NADH and MTT reduction. These results provide evidence that HeT inhibits the respiratory chain.
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Early Childhood Matters: The Bulletin of the Bernard van Leer Foundation, 1999.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Smale, Jim, Ed.
1999-01-01
This document consists of the three 1999 issues of The Bernard van Leer Foundation's "Early Childhood Matters." This periodical, addressed to practitioners in the field of early childhood education, evolved from an in-house publication directed to projects funded by the Bernard van Leer Foundation. Articles in the February 1999 edition…
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Early Childhood Matters: The Bulletin of the Bernard van Leer Foundation, 1998.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Smale, Jim, Ed.
1998-01-01
This document consists of the three 1998 issues of The Bernard van Leer Foundations'"Early Childhood Matters." This periodical, addressed to practitioners in the field of early childhood development, evolved from an in-house publication directed to projects funded by the Bernard van Leer Foundation. Articles in the February 1998 edition…
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Early Childhood Matters: The Bulletin of the Bernard van Leer Foundation, 2000.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Smale, Jim, Ed.
2000-01-01
This document consists of the three 2000 issues of The Bernard van Leer Foundation's "Early Childhood Matters." This periodical, addressed to practitioners in the field of early childhood education, evolved from an in-house publication directed to projects funded by the Bernard van Leer Foundation. Articles in the February 2000 edition…
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Cognitive and Neural Sciences Division 1989 Programs.
1989-09-01
INVESTIGATOR: Herbert L. Roitblat University of Hawaii Department of Psychology (808) 948-8027 R&T PROJECT CODE: 4426707 CONTRACT No: N0001489J1093 CURRENT END...Posner, 76, 77 Fuster, 107 Kieras, 32 247 V Reckase, 54 Speidel, 96 Van Cott, 127 Robertson, 126 Sperling, 81 Van Essen, 85 Roitblat , 216 Squire, 153 Van
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Bernard van Leer Foundation Annual Review 1993 = Fundacion Bernard van Leer Revista Anual 1993.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Bernard Van Leer Foundation, The Hague (Netherlands).
This report, in both English and Spanish versions, aims to highlight the Bernard van Leer Foundation's identity, objectives, and major activities, as well as the work undertaken by the projects the foundation supports. The review features articles on the Foundation's work on advocacy, supporting families living in disadvantaged circumstances,…
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Williams, Jennifer
2012-01-01
Like a tapestry woven with one outstanding thread from beginning to end, the author's forty-year tenure as an art educator has its golden thread in her Van Go art outreach project. Quite literally, she takes students in a "van" and they "go," mostly on dirt roads, taking art to rural schools in Idaho, some of which have no more…
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Sen, Anindito; Baxa, Ulrich; Simon, Martha N; Wall, Joseph S; Sabate, Raimon; Saupe, Sven J; Steven, Alasdair C
2007-02-23
Fungal prions are infectious filamentous polymers of proteins that are soluble in uninfected cells. In its prion form, the HET-s protein of Podospora anserina participates in a fungal self/non-self recognition phenomenon called heterokaryon incompatibility. Like other prion proteins, HET-s has a so-called "prion domain" (its C-terminal region, HET-s-(218-289)) that is responsible for induction and propagation of the prion in vivo and for fibril formation in vitro. Prion fibrils are thought to have amyloid backbones of polymerized prion domains. A relatively detailed model has been proposed for prion domain fibrils of HET-s based on a variety of experimental constraints (Ritter, C., Maddelein, M. L., Siemer, A. B., Luhrs, T., Ernst, M., Meier, B. H., Saupe, S. J., and Riek, R. (2005) Nature 435, 844-848). To test specific predictions of this model, which envisages axial stacking of beta-solenoids with two coils per subunit, we examined fibrils by electron microscopy. Electron diffraction gave a prominent meridional reflection at (0.47 nm)(-1), indicative of cross-beta structure, as predicted. STEM (scanning transmission electron microscopy) mass-per-unit-length measurements yielded 1.02 +/- 0.16 subunits per 0.94 nm, in agreement with the model prediction (1 subunit per 0.94 nm). This is half the packing density of approximately 1 subunit per 0.47 nm previously obtained for fibrils of the yeast prion proteins, Ure2p and Sup35p, whence it follows that the respective amyloid architectures are basically different.
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Detection of a Third Planet in the HD 74156 System Using the Hobby-Eberly Telescope
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Bean, Jacob L.; McArthur, Barbara E.; Benedict, G. Fritz; Armstrong, Amber
2008-01-01
We report the discovery of a third planetary-mass companion to the G0 star HD 74156. High-precision radial velocity measurements made with the Hobby-Eberly Telescope aided the detection of this object. The best-fit triple-Keplerian model to all the available velocity data yields an orbital period of 347 days and a minimum mass of 0.4 MJup for the new planet. We determine revised orbital periods of 51.7 and 2477 days and minimum masses of 1.9 and 8.0 MJup, respectively, for the previously known planets. Preliminary calculations indicate that the derived orbits are stable, although all three planets have significant orbital eccentricities (e = 0.64, 0.43, and 0.25). With our detection, HD 74156 becomes the eighth normal star known to host three or more planets. Further study of this system's dynamical characteristics will likely give important insight into planet formation and evolutionary processes. Based on data obtained with the Hobby-Eberly Telescope (HET). The HET is a joint project of the University of Texas at Austin, the Pennsylvania State University, Stanford University, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Muenchen, and Georg-August-Universität Göttingen. The HET is named in honor of its principal benefactors, William P. Hobby and Robert E. Eberly.
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Structure of transcription factor HetR required for heterocyst differentiation in cyanobacteria
Kim, Youngchang; Joachimiak, Grazyna; Ye, Zi; Binkowski, T. Andrew; Zhang, Rongguang; Gornicki, Piotr; Callahan, Sean M.; Hess, Wolfgang R.; Haselkorn, Robert; Joachimiak, Andrzej
2011-01-01
HetR is an essential regulator of heterocyst development in cyanobacteria. HetR binds to a DNA palindrome upstream of the hetP gene. We report the crystal structure of HetR from Fischerella at 3.0 Å. The protein is a dimer comprised of a central DNA-binding unit containing the N-terminal regions of the two subunits organized with two helix-turn-helix motifs; two globular flaps extending in opposite directions; and a hood over the central core formed from the C-terminal subdomains. The flaps and hood have no structural precedent in the protein database, therefore representing new folds. The structural assignments are supported by site-directed mutagenesis and DNA-binding studies. We suggest that HetR serves as a scaffold for assembly of transcription components critical for heterocyst development. PMID:21628585
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Zhang, Xianjie; Liu, Lixin; Wei, Xiaofei; Tan, Yee Sun; Tong, Lana; Chang, Ryan; Ghanamah, Mohammed S.; Reinblatt, Maura; Marti, Guy P.; Harmon, John W.; Semenza, Gregg L.
2014-01-01
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is a transcription factor that controls vascular responses to hypoxia and ischemia. In this study, mice that were heterozygous for a null allele at the locus encoding the HIF-1α subunit (HET mice) and their wild type (WT) littermates were subjected to thermal injury involving 10% of body surface area. HIF-1α protein levels were increased in burn wounds of WT but not of HET mice on day 2. Serum levels of stromal-derived factor 1α, which binds to CXCR4, were increased on day 2 in WT but not in HET mice. Circulating angiogenic cells were also increased on day 2 in WT but not in HET mice and included CXCR4+Sca1+ cells. Laser Doppler perfusion imaging demonstrated increased blood flow in burn wounds of WT but not HET mice on day 7. Immunohistochemistry on day 7 revealed a reduced number of CD31+ vessels at the healing margin of burn wounds in HET as compared to WT mice. Vessel maturation was also impaired in wounds of HET mice as determined by the number of α-smooth muscle actin-positive vessels on day 21. The remaining wound area on day 14 was significantly increased in HET mice compared to WT littermates. The percentage of healed wounds on day 14 was significantly decreased in HET mice. These data delineate a signaling pathway by which HIF-1 promotes angiogenesis during burn wound healing. PMID:20163569
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Wan, William; Bian, Wen; McDonald, Michele; ...
2013-08-28
The fungal prion-forming domain HET-s(218–289) forms infectious amyloid fibrils at physiological pH that were shown by solid-state NMR to be assemblies of a two-rung β-solenoid structure. Under acidic conditions, HET-s(218–289) has been shown to form amyloid fibrils that have very low infectivity in vivo, but structural information about these fibrils has been very limited. In this paper, we show by x-ray fiber diffraction that the HET-s(218–289) fibrils formed under acidic conditions have a stacked β-sheet architecture commonly found in short amyloidogenic peptides and denatured protein aggregates. At physiological pH, stacked β-sheet fibrils nucleate the formation of the infectious β-solenoid prionsmore » in a process of heterogeneous seeding, but do so with kinetic profiles distinct from those of spontaneous or homogeneous (seeded with infectious β-solenoid fibrils) fibrillization. Several serial passages of stacked β-sheet-seeded solutions lead to fibrillization kinetics similar to homogeneously seeded solutions. Finally, our results directly show that structural mutation can occur between substantially different amyloid architectures, lending credence to the suggestion that the processes of strain adaptation and crossing species barriers are facilitated by structural mutation.« less
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SALT/HET cooperation in education and public outreach
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Hemenway, Mary Kay; Preston, Sandra
The "Science with SALT" meeting in March 1998 opened avenues of cooperation between SAAO and the University of Texas at Austin in education and public outreach. This paper will review past interactions and future plans. SAAO personnel have visited the HET and McDonald Observatory and have taken part in planning meetings for the Texas Astronomy Education Center museum area and educational programming. Discussions concerning the extension of the daily radio show StarDate (English), Universo (Spanish) and Sternzeit (German) versions to a southern hemisphere version are underway. In addition, we are cooperatively planning a workshop to discuss an international collaborative for educational outreach for state-of-the-art telescopes for which a regional collaborative in southwestern U.S. (SCOPE) serves as a model. The towns of Sutherland and Fort Davis are discussing forming a "twin-town" relationship. Projects and plans that link cutting-edge astronomical research to classrooms and the public will be reviewed.
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Development and Validation of the Pregnancy and Infant Orientation Questionnaire
Meyer-Bahlburg, Heino F. L.; Dolezal, Curtis; Johnson, Laurel L.; Kessler, Suzanne J.; Schober, Justine M.; Zucker, Kenneth J.
2009-01-01
The purpose of this current study was the construction, scaling, and scale validation of a self-report questionnaire assessing biographical information and motivation for pregnancy and infant care in men and women with disorders of sex development or other gender variations of potential clinical relevance. The overall design of the questionnaire and the initial item pool were derived from related clinical and research experience. Collection of pilot data and, where appropriate, scale construction (via principal components analyses) were based on Canadian convenience samples of heterosexual (HET) and non-HET men and women (N=414). A sample of gender-dysphoric (GDYS) men and women (n=45) was added for validity analysis. Validation of the resulting scales was based on the demonstration of expected scale differences between HET men and women, as well as between HET, non-HET, and GDYS men and between HET, non-HET, and GDYS women, and was successful with one exception. This study concludes that this new questionnaire, in addition to its descriptive sections, provides several distinct scales related to desires for child bearing and child rearing and has good psychometric properties. PMID:19998066
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Sugiura, Kana; Itoh, Shigeru
2012-08-01
The fluorescence spectrum at 298 and 40 K and the absorption spectrum at 298 K of each cell of the filamentous cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. was measured by single-cell confocal laser spectroscopy to study the differentiation of cell pigments. The fluorescence spectra of vegetative (veg) and heterocyst (het) cells of Nostoc formed separate groups with low and high PSII to PSI ratios, respectively. The fluorescence spectra of het cells at 40 K still contained typical PSII bands. The PSII/PSI ratio estimated for the veg cells varied between 0.4 and 1.2, while that of het cells varied between 0 and 0.22 even in the same culture. The PSII/PSI ratios of veg cells resembled each other more closely in the same filament. 'pro-het' cells, which started to differentiate into het cells, were identified from the small but specific difference in the PSII/PSI ratio. The allophycocyanin (APC)/PSII ratio was almost constant in both veg and het cells, indicating their tight couplings. Phycocyanin (PC) showed higher fluorescence in most het cells, suggesting the uncoupling from PSII. Veg cells seem to vary their PSI contents to give different PSII/PSI ratios even in the same culture, and to suppress the synthesis of PSII, APC and PC to differentiate into het cells. APC and PC are gradually liberated from membranes in het cells with the uncoupling from PSII. Single-cell spectrometry will be useful to study the differentiation of intrinsic pigments of cells and chloroplasts, and to select microbes from natural environments.
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Salomone, Alberto; Pirro, Valentina; Lombardo, Tonia; Di Corcia, Daniele; Pellegrino, Sergio; Vincenti, Marco
2015-05-01
Ethyl glucuronide in hair (HEtG) is the most accredited marker to prove chronic alcohol abuse. In this study, we evaluate the comprehensive results of HEtG determination obtained during four years of activity (2009-2013) in our laboratory (Northwestern Italy) - across a large cohort of subjects (over 20 000 subjects mostly undergoing medical examination for driving re-licensing) - to provide a general perspective on HEtG analysis and dependence on group-level factors (e.g. age, gender, site and period of hair collection) that could bias the analytical results. HEtG was measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. About 12% of the subjects presented HEtG concentrations over 30 pg/mg. Upon non-parametric hypothesis tests, distributions of HEtG in independent populations categorized by age proved statistically different, while no differences were found by considering gender, BMI, and site of sampling (head vs. chest hair). A 'seasonality' factor was evaluated by comparing periods of collection approximately representing the hair growth in winter, spring, summer and autumn, and a seasonal trend was observed showing the highest HEtG levels in winter (16.7%) and minimum levels in summer (8.3%). The experimental HEtG distributions confirm that chest hair sampling can be trusted as an alternative to scalp. Furthermore, among biological and external factors, age and season of sampling may significantly influence the measured HEtG concentration, and this potential source of bias should be taken into account when the results are interpreted. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Geographical Information Extraction With Remote Sensing. Part I - Main Report.
1998-08-01
Oude Waalsdorperweg 63 Date P0 Box 96864 2509 JG The Hague August 1998 The Netherlands Author(s) Phone +31 70 374 00 00 Dr A.C. van den Broek Fax +31 70...328 09 61 M. van Persie H.H.S. Noorbergen Dr G.J. Rijckenberg SSponsor HWO-COfHWO-KL N E R Project officer J. Rogge Affiliation KIN/IA - i All...Main report Auteur(s) Dr. A.C. van den Broek, Ir. M. van Persie, Ing. H.H.S. Noorberg~en, Dr. G.J. Rijkenberg Datum augustus 1998 Opdrachtnr
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An Overview of the Electron-Proton and High Energy Telescopes for Solar Orbiter
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Boden, Sebastian; Kulkarni, Shrinivasrao R.; Tammen, Jan; Steinhagen, Jan; Martin, César; Wimmer-Schweingruber, Robert F.; Böttcher, Stephan I.; Seimetz, Lars; Ravanbakhsh, Ali; Elftmann, Robert; Rodriguez-Pacheco, Javier; Prieto Mateo, Manuel; Gomez Herrero, Rául
2014-05-01
The Energetic Particle Detector (EPD) suite for ESA's Solar Orbiter will provide key measurements to address particle acceleration at and near the Sun. The EPD suite consists of four sensors (STEP, SIS, EPT, and HET). The University of Kiel in Germany is responsible for the design, development, and building of STEP, EPT and HET. This poster will focus on the last two. The Electron Proton Telescope (EPT) is designed to cleanly separate and measure electrons in the energy range from 20 - 400 keV and protons from 20 - 7000 keV. To separate electrons and protons EPT relies on the magnet/foil-technique. EPT is intended to close the gap between the supra-thermal particles measured by STEP and the high energy range covered by HET. The High-Energy Telescope (HET) will measure electrons from 300 keV up to about 30 MeV, protons from 10 to 100 MeV, and heavy ions from ~20 to 200 MeV/nuc. To achieve this performance HET consists of a series of silicon detectors in a telescope configuration with a scintillator calorimeter to stop high energy protons and ions. It uses the dE/dx vs. total E technique . In this way HET covers an energy range which is of interest for studies of the space radiation environment and will perform measurements needed to understand the origin of high-energy particle events at the Sun. EPT and HET share a common Electronics Box, there are two EPT-HET sensors on Solar Orbiter to allow rudimentary pitch-angle coverage. Here we present the current development status of EPT-HET units and calibration results of demonstration models as well as plans for future activities.
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Optical Fiber Evaluation for the Hobby-Eberly Telescope
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
McGouldrick, K.; Maywalt, J.; Engel, L.; Rhoads, B.; Andersen, D. R.; Ramsey, L. W.
1998-12-01
Two major facility instruments on the Hobby-Eberly telescope (HET) are fiber coupled: the high and medium resolution spectrographs. Understanding the behavior of the fibers with the HET is central to understanding the performance of the telescope/spectrograph system. We will describe the Penn State fiber evaluation facility which enables us to measure focal ratio degradation (FRD) and total throughput. We will present some typical data obtained using the HET focal ratio at the fiber input. The HET design has a roving pupil that changes the illumination pattern somewhat during the typical 1 hour tracking time on a target. We will describe our plans to simulate the HET input test the degree to which the varying pupil is scrambled by the fiber.
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DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Wan, William; Stubbs, Gerald
2014-05-01
Amyloids are filamentous protein aggregates that can be formed by many different proteins and are associated with both disease and biological functions. The pathogenicities or biological functions of amyloids are determined by their particular molecular structures, making accurate structural models a requirement for understanding their biological effects. One potential factor that can affect amyloid structures is hydration. Previous studies of simple stacked β-sheet amyloids have suggested that dehydration does not impact structure, but other studies indicated dehydration-related structural changes of a putative water-filled nanotube. Our results show that dehydration significantly affects the molecular structure of the fungal prion-forming domain HET-s(218–289),more » which forms a β-solenoid with no internal solvent-accessible regions. The dehydration-related structural deformation of HET-s(218–289) indicates that water can play a significant role in complex amyloid structures, even when no obvious water-accessible cavities are present.« less
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Kulkarni, S. R.; Boden, S.; Elftmann, R.; Tammen, J.; Martin-Garcia, C.; Boettcher, S. I.; Seimetz, L.; Ravanbakhsh, A.; Mahesh, Y.; Schuster, B.; Wimmer-Schweingruber, R. F.; Rodriguez-Pacheco, J.
2017-12-01
The Energetic Particle Detector (EPD) suite for ESA's Solar Orbiter will provide key measurements to address particle acceleration at and near the Sun. The EPD suite consists of four sensors (STEP, SIS, EPT, and HET). The Electron Proton Telescope (EPT) is designed to cleanly separate and measure electrons in the energy range from 20 - 400 keV and protons from 20 - 7000 keV. The Solar Orbiter EPT electron measurements from 20 - 400 keV will cover the gap with some overlap between suprathermal electrons measured by STEP and high energy electrons measured by HET. The proton measurements from 20 -7000 keV will partially cover the gap between STEP and HET. The Electron and Proton Telescope relies on the magnet/foil-technique. The High-Energy Telescope (HET) will measure electrons from 300 keV up to about 30 MeV, protons from 10 -100 MeV, and heavy ions from 20 to 200 MeV/nuc by dE/dx -Total E technique. Thus, HET covers the energy range which is of specific interest for studies of the space environment and will perform the measurements needed to understand the origin of high-energy events at the Sun which occasionally accelerate particles to such high energies that they can penetrate the Earth's atmosphere and be measured at ground level. Here we present calibration results of EPT-HET which show that EPT-HET will function as planned.
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VDR Haploinsufficiency Impacts Body Composition and Skeletal Acquisition in a Gender-Specific Manner
de Paula, Francisco J. A.; Dick-de-Paula, Ingrid; Bornstein, Sheila; Rostama, Bahman; Le, Phuong; Lotinun, Sutada; Baron, Roland; Rosen, Clifford J.
2011-01-01
The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is crucial for virtually all of vitamin D’s actions and is thought to be ubiquitously expressed. We hypothesized that disruption of one allele of the VDR gene would impact bone development and would have metabolic consequences. Body composition and bone mass (BMD) in VDR heterozygous (VDR HET) mice were compared to those obtained in male and female VDR KO and WT mice at 8 weeks of age. Male mice were also evaluated at 16 weeks, and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation was evaluated in VDR female mice. Additionally, female VDR HET and WT mice received intermittent PTH treatment or vehicle (VH) for 4 weeks. BMD was determined at baseline and after treatment. MRI was done in vivo at the end of treatment; μCT and bone histomorphometry were performed after killing the animals. VDR HET male mice had normal skeletal development until 16 weeks of age but showed significantly less gain in fat mass than WT mice. In contrast, female VDR HET mice showed decreased total-body BMD at age 8 weeks but ad a normal skeletal response to PTH. MSC differentiation was also impaired in VDR HET female mice. Thus, female VDR HET mice show early impairment in bone acquisition, while male VDR HET mice exhibit a lean phenotype. Our results indicate that the VDR HET mouse is a useful model for studying the metabolic and skeletal impact of decreased vitamin D sensitivity. PMID:21637996
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de Paula, Francisco J A; Dick-de-Paula, Ingrid; Bornstein, Sheila; Rostama, Bahman; Le, Phuong; Lotinun, Sutada; Baron, Roland; Rosen, Clifford J
2011-09-01
The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is crucial for virtually all of vitamin D's actions and is thought to be ubiquitously expressed. We hypothesized that disruption of one allele of the VDR gene would impact bone development and would have metabolic consequences. Body composition and bone mass (BMD) in VDR heterozygous (VDR HET) mice were compared to those obtained in male and female VDR KO and WT mice at 8 weeks of age. Male mice were also evaluated at 16 weeks, and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation was evaluated in VDR female mice. Additionally, female VDR HET and WT mice received intermittent PTH treatment or vehicle (VH) for 4 weeks. BMD was determined at baseline and after treatment. MRI was done in vivo at the end of treatment; μCT and bone histomorphometry were performed after killing the animals. VDR HET male mice had normal skeletal development until 16 weeks of age but showed significantly less gain in fat mass than WT mice. In contrast, female VDR HET mice showed decreased total-body BMD at age 8 weeks but had a normal skeletal response to PTH. MSC differentiation was also impaired in VDR HET female mice. Thus, female VDR HET mice show early impairment in bone acquisition, while male VDR HET mice exhibit a lean phenotype. Our results indicate that the VDR HET mouse is a useful model for studying the metabolic and skeletal impact of decreased vitamin D sensitivity.
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[Manic episode in a patient with Beçhet's disease].
Bozikas, V; Ramnalis, A; Dittopoulos, J; Iakovou, J; Garyfallos, G; Fokas, K
2015-01-01
Beçhet's disease (BD) is a chronic, heterogeneous, multisystem disease that affects young males and females around the Mediterranean region, as well as from Far and Middle East. Its etiology is vague with vasculitis being its main pathological feature. International diagnostic criteria have been established and they require the presence of recurrent oral ulcerations plus two of the following: Recurrent genital ulceration, eye lesions, skin lesions and positive pathergy test. A significant number of patients with Beçhet's disease suffers from symptoms from the central nervous system (CNS), while the most common clinical symptoms are pyramidal signs, mental-behavioral changes, hemiparesis and brain stem syndrome. The existence of mental-behavioral changes seems to be one of the most common findings in patients with Neuro-Beçhet (N-BD). These changes seem to be related with memory and attention deficits, and the process of deterioration continues even in attack-free periods, suggesting a continuously active disease process in the CNS. The prevalence of anxiety, depression and general psychiatric symptoms is higher among patients with BD compared to healthy individuals. However, the association between psychiatric symptoms and BD is not clearly understood. On the other hand, syndromes like psychosis or bipolar disorder appear to be less frequent, especially in attack-free periods. We describe the case of a 52-year old woman with Beçhet's disease who developed a single manic episode 13 years after the onset of Beçhet's disease. A 52-year old woman, suffering from Beçhet's disease since the age of 39, developed manic symptoms, namely elevated mood, pressured speech, flight of ideas, distractibility and decreased need for sleep. The above symptoms developed during a period that no other symptoms of Beçhet's disease were present. Moreover there was no other manifestation from the nervous system. A brain MRI was unremarkable, while a brain SPECT study revealed severe hypoperfusion of the left prefrontal cortex. Neuropsychological examination revealed severe disturbance in attention, working memory and learning ability, while her visuaspatial ability and executive functions were well spared. Her symptoms were well controlled after treated with quetiapine 800 mg. The manic episode developed in the absence of any neurological manifestation (Neuro-Beçhet), or other symptom of Beçhet's disease, and was clearly distinguishable from euphoria, disinhibition or irritability that are common in patients with Beçhet's disease. It looks probable that CNS damage caused by the disease constitutes a biological substrate for the development of manic episodes in patients suffering from Beçhet's disease.
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Corrales-Guerrero, Laura; Tal, Asaf; Arbel-Goren, Rinat; Mariscal, Vicente; Flores, Enrique; Herrero, Antonia; Stavans, Joel
2015-04-01
Under nitrogen deprivation, filaments of the cyanobacterium Anabaena undergo a process of development, resulting in a one-dimensional pattern of nitrogen-fixing heterocysts separated by about ten photosynthetic vegetative cells. Many aspects of gene expression before nitrogen deprivation and during the developmental process remain to be elucidated. Furthermore, the coupling of gene expression fluctuations between cells along a multicellular filament is unknown. We studied the statistics of fluctuations of gene expression of HetR, a transcription factor essential for heterocyst differentiation, both under steady-state growth in nitrogen-rich conditions and at different times following nitrogen deprivation, using a chromosomally-encoded translational hetR-gfp fusion. Statistical analysis of fluorescence at the individual cell level in wild-type and mutant filaments demonstrates that expression fluctuations of hetR in nearby cells are coupled, with a characteristic spatial range of circa two to three cells, setting the scale for cellular interactions along a filament. Correlations between cells predominantly arise from intercellular molecular transfer and less from cell division. Fluctuations after nitrogen step-down can build up on those under nitrogen-replete conditions. We found that under nitrogen-rich conditions, basal, steady-state expression of the HetR inhibitor PatS, cell-cell communication influenced by the septal protein SepJ and positive HetR auto-regulation are essential determinants of fluctuations in hetR expression and its distribution along filaments. A comparison between the expression of hetR-gfp under nitrogen-rich and nitrogen-poor conditions highlights the differences between the two HetR inhibitors PatS and HetN, as well as the differences in specificity between the septal proteins SepJ and FraC/FraD. Activation, inhibition and cell-cell communication lie at the heart of developmental processes. Our results show that proteins involved in these basic ingredients combine together in the presence of inevitable stochasticity in gene expression, to control the coupled fluctuations of gene expression that give rise to a one-dimensional developmental pattern in this organism.
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Perkins, David D.
1975-01-01
Heterokaryon (vegetative) incompatibility, governing the fusion of somatic hyphal filaments to form stable heterokaryons, is of interest because of its widespread occurrence in fungi and its bearing on cellular recognition. Conventional investigations of the genetic basis of heterokaryon incompatibility in N. crassa are difficult because in commonly used stocks differences are present at several het loci, all with similar incompatibility phenotypes. This difficulty is overcome by using duplications (partial diploids) that are unlikely to contain more than one het locus. A phenotypically expressed incompatibility reaction occurs when unlike het alleles are present within the same somatic nucleus, and this parallels the heterokaryon incompatibility reaction that occurs when unlike alleles in different haploid nuclei are introduced into the same somatic hypha by mycelial fusion.—Nontandem duplications were used to confirm that the incompatibility reactions in heterokaryons and in duplications are alternate expressions of the same genes. This was demonstrated for three loci which had previously been established by conventional heterokaryon tests—het-e, het-c and mt. These were each obtained in duplications as recombinant meiotic segregants from crosses heterozygous for duplication-generating chromosome rearrangements. The particular method of producing the duplications is irrelevant so long as the incompatibility alleles are heterozygous.—The duplication technique has made it possible to determine easily the het-e and het-c genotypes of numerous laboratory and wild strains of unknown constitution. In laboratory strains both loci are represented simply by two alleles. Analysis of het-c is more complicated in some wild strains, where differences have been demonstrated at one or more additional het loci within the duplication used and multiple allelism is also possible.—The results show that the duplication method can be used to identify and map additional vegetative incompatibility loci, without the necessity of heterokaryon tests. PMID:124288
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Cho, C. I.; Alam, M.; Choi, T. J.; Choy, Y. H.; Choi, J. G.; Lee, S. S.; Cho, K. H.
2016-01-01
The objectives of the study were to estimate genetic parameters for milk production traits of Holstein cattle using random regression models (RRMs), and to compare the goodness of fit of various RRMs with homogeneous and heterogeneous residual variances. A total of 126,980 test-day milk production records of the first parity Holstein cows between 2007 and 2014 from the Dairy Cattle Improvement Center of National Agricultural Cooperative Federation in South Korea were used. These records included milk yield (MILK), fat yield (FAT), protein yield (PROT), and solids-not-fat yield (SNF). The statistical models included random effects of genetic and permanent environments using Legendre polynomials (LP) of the third to fifth order (L3–L5), fixed effects of herd-test day, year-season at calving, and a fixed regression for the test-day record (third to fifth order). The residual variances in the models were either homogeneous (HOM) or heterogeneous (15 classes, HET15; 60 classes, HET60). A total of nine models (3 orders of polynomials×3 types of residual variance) including L3-HOM, L3-HET15, L3-HET60, L4-HOM, L4-HET15, L4-HET60, L5-HOM, L5-HET15, and L5-HET60 were compared using Akaike information criteria (AIC) and/or Schwarz Bayesian information criteria (BIC) statistics to identify the model(s) of best fit for their respective traits. The lowest BIC value was observed for the models L5-HET15 (MILK; PROT; SNF) and L4-HET15 (FAT), which fit the best. In general, the BIC values of HET15 models for a particular polynomial order was lower than that of the HET60 model in most cases. This implies that the orders of LP and types of residual variances affect the goodness of models. Also, the heterogeneity of residual variances should be considered for the test-day analysis. The heritability estimates of from the best fitted models ranged from 0.08 to 0.15 for MILK, 0.06 to 0.14 for FAT, 0.08 to 0.12 for PROT, and 0.07 to 0.13 for SNF according to days in milk of first lactation. Genetic variances for studied traits tended to decrease during the earlier stages of lactation, which were followed by increases in the middle and decreases further at the end of lactation. With regards to the fitness of the models and the differential genetic parameters across the lactation stages, we could estimate genetic parameters more accurately from RRMs than from lactation models. Therefore, we suggest using RRMs in place of lactation models to make national dairy cattle genetic evaluations for milk production traits in Korea. PMID:26954184
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Cho, C I; Alam, M; Choi, T J; Choy, Y H; Choi, J G; Lee, S S; Cho, K H
2016-05-01
The objectives of the study were to estimate genetic parameters for milk production traits of Holstein cattle using random regression models (RRMs), and to compare the goodness of fit of various RRMs with homogeneous and heterogeneous residual variances. A total of 126,980 test-day milk production records of the first parity Holstein cows between 2007 and 2014 from the Dairy Cattle Improvement Center of National Agricultural Cooperative Federation in South Korea were used. These records included milk yield (MILK), fat yield (FAT), protein yield (PROT), and solids-not-fat yield (SNF). The statistical models included random effects of genetic and permanent environments using Legendre polynomials (LP) of the third to fifth order (L3-L5), fixed effects of herd-test day, year-season at calving, and a fixed regression for the test-day record (third to fifth order). The residual variances in the models were either homogeneous (HOM) or heterogeneous (15 classes, HET15; 60 classes, HET60). A total of nine models (3 orders of polynomials×3 types of residual variance) including L3-HOM, L3-HET15, L3-HET60, L4-HOM, L4-HET15, L4-HET60, L5-HOM, L5-HET15, and L5-HET60 were compared using Akaike information criteria (AIC) and/or Schwarz Bayesian information criteria (BIC) statistics to identify the model(s) of best fit for their respective traits. The lowest BIC value was observed for the models L5-HET15 (MILK; PROT; SNF) and L4-HET15 (FAT), which fit the best. In general, the BIC values of HET15 models for a particular polynomial order was lower than that of the HET60 model in most cases. This implies that the orders of LP and types of residual variances affect the goodness of models. Also, the heterogeneity of residual variances should be considered for the test-day analysis. The heritability estimates of from the best fitted models ranged from 0.08 to 0.15 for MILK, 0.06 to 0.14 for FAT, 0.08 to 0.12 for PROT, and 0.07 to 0.13 for SNF according to days in milk of first lactation. Genetic variances for studied traits tended to decrease during the earlier stages of lactation, which were followed by increases in the middle and decreases further at the end of lactation. With regards to the fitness of the models and the differential genetic parameters across the lactation stages, we could estimate genetic parameters more accurately from RRMs than from lactation models. Therefore, we suggest using RRMs in place of lactation models to make national dairy cattle genetic evaluations for milk production traits in Korea.
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Systematic integration of biomedical knowledge prioritizes drugs for repurposing
Himmelstein, Daniel Scott; Lizee, Antoine; Hessler, Christine; Brueggeman, Leo; Chen, Sabrina L; Hadley, Dexter; Green, Ari; Khankhanian, Pouya
2017-01-01
The ability to computationally predict whether a compound treats a disease would improve the economy and success rate of drug approval. This study describes Project Rephetio to systematically model drug efficacy based on 755 existing treatments. First, we constructed Hetionet (neo4j.het.io), an integrative network encoding knowledge from millions of biomedical studies. Hetionet v1.0 consists of 47,031 nodes of 11 types and 2,250,197 relationships of 24 types. Data were integrated from 29 public resources to connect compounds, diseases, genes, anatomies, pathways, biological processes, molecular functions, cellular components, pharmacologic classes, side effects, and symptoms. Next, we identified network patterns that distinguish treatments from non-treatments. Then, we predicted the probability of treatment for 209,168 compound–disease pairs (het.io/repurpose). Our predictions validated on two external sets of treatment and provided pharmacological insights on epilepsy, suggesting they will help prioritize drug repurposing candidates. This study was entirely open and received realtime feedback from 40 community members. PMID:28936969
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Nguyen, Quang Minh; Doan, The Trung; Tran, Minh Tung; Nguyen, Manh Tri; Hoa Ta, Quynh
2018-04-01
Developed by Housing and Urban Development Corporation (HUD) over a decade ago as one of the pioneering and modelling urban housing projects in Hanoi, Van Quan new town can be regarded as a fairly successful scheme, because it provides people with a better living quality than most of the other new residential quarters planned and built at the same time, and even afterwards. However, the success would be greater, if the project developer paid due attention to some socio-economic aspects of mass housing construction - such as income, education, healthcare and social interaction as well as communication - in one of the city’s fastest-growing and most typical areas characterised with the presence of traditional old villages where a rich rural culture can still be found and should be conserved in the rapid urbanisation and modernisation. Van Quan makes an even more remarkable case study, because there are four villages connected to the site with both similar and different features, rather than the other new towns with only one or two villages nearby. The research results drawn and the lessons learnt from Van Quan will be useful for other projects, as far as a harmony and a sustainable development between the old and the new factors are concerned.
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Cattin, Marie-Elodie; Ferry, Arnaud; Vignaud, Alban; Mougenot, Nathalie; Jacquet, Adeline; Wahbi, Karim; Bertrand, Anne T; Bonne, Gisèle
2016-08-01
LMNA gene encodes lamin A/C, ubiquitous proteins of the nuclear envelope. They play crucial role in maintaining nuclear shape and stiffness. When mutated, they essentially lead to dilated cardiomyopathy with conduction defects, associated or not with muscular diseases. Excessive mechanical stress sensitivity has been involved in the pathophysiology. We have previously reported the phenotype of Lmna(delK32) mice, reproducing a mutation found in LMNA-related congenital muscular dystrophy patients. Heterozygous Lmna(delK32/+) (Het) mice develop a progressive dilated cardiomyopathy leading to death between 35 and 70 weeks of age. To investigate the sensitivity of the skeletal muscles and myocardium to chronic exercise-induced stress, Het and wild-type (Wt) mice were subjected to strenuous running treadmill exercise for 5 weeks. Before exercise, the cardiac function of Het mice was similar to Wt-littermates. After the exercise-period, Het mice showed cardiac dysfunction and dilation without visible changes in cardiac morphology, molecular remodelling or nuclear structure compared to Wt exercised and Het sedentary mice. Contrary to myocardium, skeletal muscle ex vivo contractile function remained unaffected in Het exercised mice. In conclusion, the expression of the Lmna(delK32) mutation increased the susceptibility of the myocardium to cardiac stress and led to an earlier onset of the cardiac phenotype in Het mice. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Detection Technique and Overview of EPT-HET of Solar Orbiter
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Kulkarni, S. R.; Tammen, J.; Boden, S.; Steinhagen, J.; Elftmann, R.; Martin-Garcia, C.; Boettcher, S. I.; Seimetz, L.; Ravanbakhsh, A.; Mahesh, Y.; Schuster, B.; Kulemzin, A.; Wimmer-Schweingruber, R. F.; Rodriguez-Pacheco, J.; Prieto, M.; Sanchez, S.
2016-12-01
The Energetic Particle Detector (EPD) suite for ESA's Solar Orbiter will provide key measurements to address particle acceleration at and near the Sun. The EPD suite consists of four sensors (STEP, SIS, EPT, and HET). The Electron Proton Telescope (EPT) is designed to cleanly separate and measure electrons in the energy range from 20 - 400 keV and protons from 20 - 7000 keV. The Solar Orbiter EPT electron measurements from 20 - 400 keV will cover the gap with some overlap between suprathermal electrons measured by STEP and high energy electrons measured by HET. The proton measurements from 20 -7000 keV will partially cover the gap between STEP and HET. The Electron and Proton Telescope relies on the magnet/foil-technique. The High-Energy Telescope (HET) will measure electrons from 300 keV up to about 30 MeV, protons from 10 -100 MeV, and heavy ions from 20 to 200 MeV/nuc by dE/dx -Total E technique. Thus, HET covers the energy range which is of specific interest for studies of the space environment and will perform the measurements needed to understand the origin of high-energy events at the Sun which occasionally accelerate particles to such high energies that they can penetrate the Earth's atmosphere and be measured at ground level. Here we present the current development status of EPT-HET and calibration results of units.
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Polarization Effects in the Luminescence of Cadmium Selenide Electrodes.
1983-09-29
UWIS/DC/TR-83/3 Polarization Effects in the Luminescence of Cadmium Selenide Electrodes by Holger H. Streckert, Hal Van Ryswyk, Richard N. Biagioni ...Streckert, Hal Van Ryswyk, N00014-78-C-0633 Richard N. Biagioni and Arthur B. Ellis 9PEFRIGOGNZTNNAEADADDRESS 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT. PROJECT, TASKS
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Visible light catalyzed methylsulfoxidation of (het)aryl diazonium salts using DMSO.
Pramanik, Mukund M D; Rastogi, Namrata
2016-06-30
The visible light catalyzed methylsulfoxidation of (het)aryl diazonium salts using DMSO is illustrated. This is the first example of DMSO being used as the source of the methylsulfinyl group. The procedure tolerates a wide range of functional groups on (het)aryl diazonium salts and provides aryl methyl sulfoxides in excellent yields under mild reaction conditions.
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Wang, Jong-Shyan; Chang, Ya-Lun; Chen, Yi-Ching; Tsai, Hsing-Hua; Fu, Tieh-Cheng
2015-08-01
Exercise and hypoxia paradoxically modulate vascular thrombotic risks. The shedding of procoagulant-rich microparticles from monocytes may accelerate the pathogenesis of atherothrombosis. The present study explores the manner in which normoxic and hypoxic exercise regimens affect procoagulant monocyte-derived microparticle (MDMP) formation and monocyte-promoted thrombin generation (TG). Forty sedentary healthy males were randomized to perform either normoxic (NET; 21% O2, n=20) or hypoxic (HET; 15% O2, n=20) exercise training (60% VO(2max)) for 30 min/day, 5 days/week for 5 weeks. At rest and immediately after HET (100 W under 12% O2 for 30 min), the MDMP characteristics and dynamic TG were measured by flow cytometry and thrombinography respectively. The results demonstrated that acute 12% O2 exercise (i) increased the release of coagulant factor V (FV)/FVIII-rich, phosphatidylserine (PS)-exposed and tissue factor (TF)-expressed microparticles from monocytes, (ii) enhanced the peak height and rate of TG in monocyte-rich plasma (MRP) and (iii) elevated concentrations of norepinephrine/epinephrine, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in plasma. Following the 5-week intervention, HET exhibited higher enhancements of peak work-rate and cardiopulmonary fitness than NET did. Moreover, both NET and HET decreased the FV/FVIII-rich, PS-exposed and TF-expressed MDMP counts and the peak height and rate of TG in MRP following the HET. However, HET elicited more suppression for the HE (hypoxic exercise)-enhanced procoagulant MDMP formation and dynamic TG in MPR and catecholamine/peroxide/pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in plasma than NET. Hence, we conclude that HET is superior to NET for enhancing aerobic capacity. Furthermore, HET effectively suppresses procoagulant MDMP formation and monocyte-mediated TG under severe hypoxic stress, compared with NET.
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Joshi, Neha; Duhan, Vikas; Lingwal, Neelam; Bhaskar, Sangeeta; Upadhyay, Pramod
2012-01-01
Hyperthermia enhanced transdermal (HET) immunization is a novel needle free immunization strategy employing application of antigen along with mild local hyperthermia (42°C) to intact skin resulting in detectable antigen specific Ig in serum. In the present study, we investigated the adjuvant effect of thermal component of HET immunization in terms of maturation of dendritic cells and its implication on the quality of the immune outcome in terms of antibody production upon HET immunization with tetanus toxoid (TT). We have shown that in vitro hyperthermia exposure at 42°C for 30 minutes up regulates the surface expression of maturation markers on bone marrow derived DCs. This observation correlated in vivo with an increased and accelerated expression of maturation markers on DCs in the draining lymph node upon HET immunization in mice. This effect was found to be independent of the antigen delivered and depends only on the thermal component of HET immunization. In vitro hyperthermia also led to enhanced capacity to stimulate CD4+ T cells in allo MLR and promotes the secretion of IL-10 by BMDCs, suggesting a potential for Th2 skewing of T cell response. HET immunization also induced a systemic T cell response to TT, as suggested by proliferation of splenocytes from immunized animal upon in vitro stimulation by TT. Exposure to heat during primary immunization led to generation of mainly IgG class of antibodies upon boosting, similar to the use of conventional alum adjuvant, thus highlighting the adjuvant potential of heat during HET immunization. Lastly, we have shown that mice immunized by tetanus toxoid using HET route exhibited protection against challenge with a lethal dose of tetanus toxin. Thus, in addition to being a painless, needle free delivery system it also has an immune modulatory potential.
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Gietzelt, M; von Bargen, T; Kohlmann, M; Marschollek, M; Schwartze, J; Song, B; Wagner, M; Wolf, K-H; Haux, R
2014-01-01
This article is part of the Focus Theme of Methods of Information in Medicine on "Using Data from Ambient Assisted Living and Smart Homes in Electronic Health Records". In this paper, we present a prototype of a Home-Centered Health-Enabling Technology (HET-HC), which is able to capture, store, merge and process data from various sensor systems at people's home. In addition, we present an architecture designed to integrate HET-HC into an exemplary regional Health Information System (rHIS). rHIS are traditionally document-based to fit to the needs in a clinical context. However, HET-HC are producing continuous data streams for which documents might be an inappropriate representation. Therefore, the HET-HC could register placeholder-documents at rHIS. These placeholder-documents are assembled upon user-authenticated request by the HET-HC and are always up-to-date. Moreover, it is not trivial to find a clinical coding system for continuous sensor data and to make the data machine-readable in order to enhance the interoperability of such systems. Therefore, we propose the use of SNOCAP-HET, which is a nomenclature to describe the context of sensor-based measurements in health-enabling technologies. We present an architectural approach to integrate HET-HC into rHIS. Our solution is the centralized registration of placeholder-documents with rHIS and the decentralized data storage at people's home. We concluded that the presented architecture of integrating HET-HC into rHIS might fit well to the traditional approach of document-based data storage. Data security and privacy issues are also duly considered.
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Heterologous embryo transfer: Magisterial answers and metaphysical questions.
Accad, Michel
2014-02-01
The debate regarding the morality of heterologous embryo transfer (HET) as a solution for the fate of cryopreserved embryos remains active. This paper endeavors to show that the magisterial instructions on bioethical issues can only lead to the conclusion that HET is always morally illicit. I begin by showing that the text of Dignitas personae recognizes HET as a procedure accomplishing a procreative function, and I indicate that it is through gestation that this procreative function occurs. I further show that the previous Instruction, Donum vitae, implicitly points to an ontological or spiritual consideration at play during gestation. This consideration is likely related to the procreative function identified in Dignitas personae. Finally, I place these two textual arguments in the context of the debate concerning HET and conclude that metaphysical questions must be clarified in order for the immorality of HET to be understood from a suitable anthropological perspective and gain more widespread acceptance.
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Heterologous embryo transfer: Magisterial answers and metaphysical questions
Accad, Michel
2014-01-01
The debate regarding the morality of heterologous embryo transfer (HET) as a solution for the fate of cryopreserved embryos remains active. This paper endeavors to show that the magisterial instructions on bioethical issues can only lead to the conclusion that HET is always morally illicit. I begin by showing that the text of Dignitas personae recognizes HET as a procedure accomplishing a procreative function, and I indicate that it is through gestation that this procreative function occurs. I further show that the previous Instruction, Donum vitae, implicitly points to an ontological or spiritual consideration at play during gestation. This consideration is likely related to the procreative function identified in Dignitas personae. Finally, I place these two textual arguments in the context of the debate concerning HET and conclude that metaphysical questions must be clarified in order for the immorality of HET to be understood from a suitable anthropological perspective and gain more widespread acceptance. PMID:24899737
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Osterrieth, P.
1974-01-01
Complementary research projects on the socio-culturally disadvantaged child, conducted in four Belgium Universities under the auspices of the Bernard Van Leer Foundation, are described with respect to their basic approaches, methodology, and findings. (EH)
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A Small Awakening. The Work of the Bernard van Leer Foundation: 1965-1986.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Philp, Hugh; Chetley, Andrew
The development of the Bernard van Leer Foundation is recounted. The discussion illustrates general trends by means of selective project reviews and references to theoretical discussions which were prevalent in early childhood education during the period from 1965-1986. Also considered are activities encouraged by the foundation which have…
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Early Childhood Matters: The Bulletin of the Bernard van Leer Foundation, 2001.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Smale, Jim, Ed.
2001-01-01
This document consists of the three 2001 issues of The Bernard van Leer Foundation's "Early Childhood Matters," a periodical addressed to practitioners in the field of early childhood education and including information on projects funded by the foundation. Articles in the February 2001 edition focus on fathers and include: (1)…
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Curriculum Review, 2008
2008-01-01
This article presents an interview with Carmella Van Vleet, a former teacher and educational speaker. She has written family humor and parenting articles, and is also the author of "How to Handle School Snafus," "Great Ancient Egypt Projects You Can Build Yourself" and "Amazing Ben Franklin Inventions You Can Build Yourself." In this interview,…
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Southern African Large Telescope (SALT) project: progress and status after 2 years
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Meiring, Jacobus G.; Buckley, David A. H.; Lomberg, Michael C.; Stobie, Robert S.
2003-02-01
The Southern African Large Telescope (SALT) is a 10-m class optical/IR segmented mirror telescope based on the groundbreaking, low cost, Hobby-Eberly Telescope (HET) design. Approval to construct and operate SALT, which will be the largest single optical telescope in the Southern Hemisphere, was given by the South African Government in November 1999, after sufficient guarantees of matching funding from international partners were secured. Facility construction started in January 2001, and SALT is due to start operations by December 2004. SALT will enable a quantum leap in astronomical research capability in Southern Africa, and indeed the continent, where currently the largest telescope is a modest 1.9-m, dating to the 1940s. A substantial amount of design work for SALT has been completed, sourced from multiple suppliers, with ~60% South African content. South African industry is well equipped to handle the construction of most of the telescope, the exceptions being the glass ceramic mirror blanks (from LZOS in Russia), the polishing and ion figuring of these (Eastman Kodak in the USA), and fabrication of the four-element spherical aberration corrector (SAGEM in France). This paper will present (1) the scientific requirements, (2) the specified performance of SALT, (3) the basic design, with emphasis on the innovative modifications to the HET design that enable significantly improved performance, (4) the progress and status of the project, currently in its construction phase, (5) the first generation instrument suite, (6) the management and organisation of the project and (7) the international partnership in SALT.
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Martos, Gustavo Gabriel; Mamaní, Alicia; Filippone, María Paula; Castagnaro, Atilio Pedro; Díaz Ricci, Juan Carlos
2018-02-01
HeT (1-0-galloyl-2,3; 4,6-bis-hexahydroxydiphenoyl-β-D-glucopyranose) is a penta-esterified ellagitannin obtained from strawberry leaves. Previous studies have shown that foliar application of HeT prior to inoculation with a virulent pathogen increases the resistance toward Colletotrichum acutatum in strawberry plants and to Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri in lemon plants. In this work we report that HeT induces an immediate leak of electrolytes, the hyperpolarization of the cellular membrane, a rapid Ca 2+ influx to the cytoplasm during the first few seconds, which in turn modulates the accumulation of nitric oxide 5 min after treatment. At longer times, a biphasic accumulation of H 2 O 2 with peaks at 2 and 5 h post treatment could be observed. In addition, HeT elicited the increase of alternative oxidase capacity during the first 12 h post treatment. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
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Deployment of the Hobby-Eberly Telescope wide-field upgrade
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Hill, Gary J.; Drory, Niv; Good, John M.; Lee, Hanshin; Vattiat, Brian L.; Kriel, Herman; Ramsey, Jason; Bryant, Randy; Elliot, Linda; Fowler, Jim; Häuser, Marco; Landiau, Martin; Leck, Ron; Odewahn, Stephen; Perry, Dave; Savage, Richard; Schroeder Mrozinski, Emily; Shetrone, Matthew; DePoy, D. L.; Prochaska, Travis; Marshall, J. L.; Damm, George; Gebhardt, Karl; MacQueen, Phillip J.; Martin, Jerry; Armandroff, Taft; Ramsey, Lawrence W.
2016-07-01
The Hobby-Eberly Telescope (HET) is an innovative large telescope, located in West Texas at the McDonald Observatory. The HET operates with a fixed segmented primary and has a tracker, which moves the four-mirror corrector and prime focus instrument package to track the sidereal and non-sidereal motions of objects. We have completed a major multi-year upgrade of the HET that has substantially increased the pupil size to 10 meters and the field of view to 22 arcminutes by replacing the corrector, tracker, and prime focus instrument package. The new wide field HET will feed the revolutionary integral field spectrograph called VIRUS, in support of the Hobby-Eberly Telescope Dark Energy Experiment (HETDEX§), a new low resolution spectrograph (LRS2), an upgraded high resolution spectrograph (HRS2), and later the Habitable Zone Planet Finder (HPF). The upgrade is being commissioned and this paper discusses the completion of the installation, the commissioning process and the performance of the new HET.
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Bernard Van Leer Foundation, The Hague (Netherlands).
This document provides brief descriptions of the major projects supported in 1989 by the Bernard van Leer Foundation. A total of 94 projects are covered. Each is described in terms of: (1) the sponsoring institution; (2) the title of the project; (3) the duration of project activities supported by the foundation; and (4) a description of the…
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Rousselet, Estelle; Stacy, Nicole I; Rotstein, David S; Waltzek, Tom B; Griffin, Matt J; Francis-Floyd, Ruth
2018-06-08
This report describes a case of systemic bacterial infection caused by Edwardsiella tarda in a Western African lungfish (Protopterus annectens) exposed to poor environmental and husbandry conditions. The fish presented with a large, external ulcerative lesion and died 2 weeks after developing anorexia. Histological evaluation revealed multifocal areas of necrosis and heterophilic and histiocytic inflammation throughout multiple tissues. Gram stain identified small numbers of intra- and extracellular monomorphic Gram-negative 1 to 2 μm rod-shaped bacilli. Cytology of lung granuloma, kidney and testes imprints identified heterophilic inflammation with phagocytosis of small monomorphic bacilli and some heterophils exhibiting cytoplasmic projections indicative of heterophil extracellular traps (HETs). Initial phenotypic analysis of isolates from coelomic fluid cultures identified E. tarda. Subsequent molecular analysis of spleen, liver and intestine DNA using an E. tarda-specific endpoint PCR assay targeting the bacterial fimbrial subunit yielded a 115 bp band. Sequencing and BLASTN search revealed the sequence was identical (76/76) to E. tarda strain FL95-01 (GenBank acc. CP011359) and displayed 93% sequence identity (66/71) to Edwardsiella hoshinae strain ATCC 35051 (GenBank acc. CP011359). This is the first report of systemic edwardsiellosis in a lungfish with concurrent cytologically identified structures suggestive of HETs. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Boltzmann Transport in Hybrid PIC HET Modeling
2015-07-01
Paper 3. DATES COVERED (From - To) July 2015-July 2015 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Boltzmann transport in hybrid PIC HET modeling 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER In...reproduce experimentally observed mobility trends derived from HPHall, a workhorse hybrid- PIC HET simulation code. 15. SUBJECT TERMS 16. SECURITY...CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT 18 . NUMBER OF PAGES 19a. NAME OF RESPONSIBLE PERSON Justin Koo a. REPORT Unclassified b. ABSTRACT
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Food Literacy at Secondary Schools in Australia.
Ronto, Rimante; Ball, Lauren; Pendergast, Donna; Harris, Neil D
2016-11-01
Food literacy can encourage adolescents to develop healthy dietary patterns. This study examined home economics teachers' (HET) perspectives of the importance, curriculum, self-efficacy, and food environments regarding food literacy in secondary schools in Australia. A 20-item cross-sectional survey was completed by 205 HETs. The survey focused on the importance of aspects of food literacy, HETs' self-efficacy, and attitudes toward food literacy and schools' food environments. Data were analyzed descriptively, and associations between participants' demographic characteristics and perceptions were investigated by chi-square analyses. HETs rated aspects of food literacy including preparing and cooking food, knowing about healthy foods and food safety and hygiene practices as very important. They indicated animal welfare, where food comes from, and plan and manage time for food shopping to be the least important aspects of food literacy. HETs reported that students' involvement in food literacy activities resulted in healthier diets and improved food practices, but the schools' food environments are not comprehensively supportive of food literacy. HETs report that food literacy is very important for adolescents to learn. The focus is more on microaspects in comparison to macroaspects of food literacy. Schools' food environments are ideally positioned to shape dietary intake of adolescents but their potential is not being realized. © 2016, American School Health Association.
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An Overview of Electron-Proton and High Energy Telescopes of Solar Orbiter
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Kulkarni, S. R.; Grunau, J.; Boden, S.; Steinhagen, J.; Martin, C.; Wimmer-Schweingruber, R. F.; Boettcher, S.; Seimetz, L.; Ravanbakhsh, A.; Elftmann, R.; Rodriguez-Pacheco, J.; Prieto, M.; Gomez-Herrero, R.
2013-12-01
The Energetic Particle Detector (EPD) suite for ESA's Solar Orbiter will provide key measurements to address particle acceleration at and near the Sun. The EPD suite consists of five sensors (STEP, SIS, EPT, and HET). The University of Kiel in Germany is also responsible for the design, development, and build of EPT and HET which are presented here. The Electron Proton Telescope (EPT) is designed to cleanly separate and measure electrons in the energy range from 20 - 400 keV and protons from 20 - 7000 keV. The Solar Orbiter EPT electron measurements from 20 - 400 keV will cover the gap with some overlap between suprathermal electrons measured by STEP and high energy electrons measured by HET. The proton measurements from 20 -7000 keV will partially cover the gap between STEP and HET. The Electron and Proton Telescope relies on the magnet/foil-technique. The High-Energy Telescope (HET) on ESA's Solar Orbiter mission, will measure electrons from 300 keV up to about 30 MeV, protons from 10 -100 MeV, and heavy ions from ~20 to 200 MeV/nuc. Thus, HET covers the energy range which is of specific interest for studies of the space environment and will perform the measurements needed to understand the origin of high-energy events at the Sun which occasionally accelerate particles to such high energies that they can penetrate the Earth's atmosphere and be measured at ground level. Here we present the current development status of EPT-HET units and calibration results of demonstration models and present plans for future activities.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Ravanbakhsh, A.; Kulkarni, S. R.; Panitzsch, L.; L Richards, M.; Munoz Hernandez, A.; Seimetz, L.; Elftmann, R.; Mahesh, Y.; Boden, S.; Boettcher, S. I.; Kulemzin, A.; Martin-Garcia, C.; Prieto, M.; Rodriguez-Pacheco, J.; Sanchez Prieto, S.; Schuster, B.; Steinhagen, J.; Tammen, J.; Wimmer-Schweingruber, R. F.
2016-12-01
Solar Orbiter is ESA's next solar and heliospheric mission which is planned to be launched in October 2018. The Energetic Particle Detector (EPD) on board on Solar Orbiter will provide key measurements for the Solar Orbiter science objectives. The EPD suite consists of four sensors; STEP, SIS, EPT and HET. The University of Kiel in Germany is responsible for the design, development, and building of STEP, and the two identical units EPT-HET 1 and EPT-HET 2. ESA's Solar Orbiter will explore the heliosphere at heliocentric distances between 0.28AU and 0.9AU and with inclination up to 38deg with respect to the Sun's equator. The spacecraft uses a heat shield to protect the bus and externally mounted instruments from the solar flux at the close distances to the sun. All three EPD-Kiel units are mounted externally but in different positions on the spacecraft outer deck. Although being protected by the spacecraft heat shield from high solar flux, EPT-HET1 and EPT-HET-2 as well as STEP experience a harsh environmental condition during the course of the mission. In addition due to the highly demanding science requirements, the qualification and acceptance test requirements of these externally mounted units are quite challenging. In this paper we present the development status of the EPT-HET 1, EPT-HET 2 and STEP sensors focusing on the activities performed in phase D and the qualification and acceptance test campaigns. The main objective of these test campaigns is to ensure and demonstrate the compatibility between the scientific requirements and the harsh environment expected during the mission. This paper includes the results summary of the environmental tests on the EPT-HET and STEP Proto-Qualification Models (PQMs) as well as Proto-Flight Models (PFMs). Only an adequate selection of environmental qualification and acceptance campaigns will guarantee the success of the scientific space missions.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Soares, Domingos S. L.
2004-12-01
From 1985 to 1989, I worked at the Kapteyn Laboratory - which is part of the Astronomy Faculty of the University of Groningen, The Netherlands - on my doctoral thesis project. During the whole period Prof. Hugo van Woerden was the Chairman of the Laboratory. From my recollections of that time I tell here three episodes in which Prof. van Woerden's attitudes are put in focus.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Fleming, J. R.
2010-12-01
James A. Van Allen’s celebrated discovery of Earth’s radiation belts in 1958 using Explorer 1 and 3 satellites was immediately followed by his agreement to monitor tests of nuclear weapons in space aimed at disrupting the magnetosphere. This is “space geoengineering” on a planetary scale. “Space is radioactive,” noted Van Allen’s colleague Eric Ray, and the military wanted to make it even more radioactive by nuclear detonations that, in time of war might disrupt enemy radio communications from half a world away and damage or destroy enemy intercontinental ballistic missiles. This study of Van Allen’s participation in Project Argus (1958) and Project Starfish (1962) is based on new posthumous accessions to the Van Allen Papers. At the time radio astronomers protested that, “No government has the right to change the environment in any significant way without prior international study and agreement.” Van Allen later regretted his participation in experiments that disrupted the natural magnetosphere. In a larger policy framework, the history of these space interventions and the protests they generated serve as a cautionary tale for today’s geoengineers who are proposing heavy-handed manipulation of the planetary environment as a response to future climate warming. Anyone claiming that geoengineering has not yet been attempted should be reminded of the planetary-scale engineering of these nukes in space. N. Christofilos describing the intended effect of the Argus nuclear explosions on the magnetosphere, which would direct a stream of radioactive particles along magnetic lines of force half a world away.
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Stenegren, Marcus; Berg, Carlo; Padilla, Cory C; David, Stefan-Sebastian; Montoya, Joseph P; Yager, Patricia L; Foster, Rachel A
2017-01-01
Diatom diazotroph associations (DDAs) are important components in the world's oceans, especially in the western tropical north Atlantic (WTNA), where blooms have a significant impact on carbon and nitrogen cycling. However, drivers of their abundances and distribution patterns remain unknown. Here, we examined abundance and distribution patterns for two DDA populations in relation to the Amazon River (AR) plume in the WTNA. Quantitative PCR assays, targeting two DDAs (het-1 and het-2) by their symbiont's nifH gene, served as input in a piecewise structural equation model (SEM). Collections were made during high (spring 2010) and low (fall 2011) flow discharges of the AR. The distributions of dissolved nutrients, chlorophyll- a , and DDAs showed coherent patterns indicative of areas influenced by the AR. A symbiotic Hemiaulus hauckii-Richelia (het-2) bloom (>10 6 cells L -1 ) occurred during higher discharge of the AR and was coincident with mesohaline to oceanic (30-35) sea surface salinities (SSS), and regions devoid of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), low concentrations of both DIP (>0.1 μmol L -1 ) and Si (>1.0 μmol L -1 ). The Richelia (het-1) associated with Rhizosolenia was only present in 2010 and at lower densities (10-1.76 × 10 5 nifH copies L -1 ) than het-2 and limited to regions of oceanic SSS (>36). The het-2 symbiont detected in 2011 was associated with H. membranaceus (>10 3 nifH copies L -1 ) and were restricted to regions with mesohaline SSS (31.8-34.3), immeasurable DIN, moderate DIP (0.1-0.60 μmol L -1 ) and higher Si (4.19-22.1 μmol L -1 ). The piecewise SEM identified a profound direct negative effect of turbidity on the het-2 abundance in spring 2010, while DIP and water turbidity had a more positive influence in fall 2011, corroborating our observations of DDAs at subsurface maximas. We also found a striking difference in the influence of salinity on DDA symbionts suggesting a niche differentiation and preferences in oceanic and mesohaline salinities by het-1 and het-2, respectively. The use of the piecewise SEM to disentangle the complex and concomitant hydrography of the WTNA acting on two biogeochemically relevant populations was novel and underscores its use to predict conditions favoring abundance and distributions of microbial populations.
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Wang, Yali; Gao, Yuan; Li, Chao; Gao, Hong; Zhang, Cheng-Cai; Xu, Xudong
2018-07-01
Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 is a model strain for molecular studies of cell differentiation and patterning in heterocyst-forming cyanobacteria. Subtle differences in heterocyst development have been noticed in different laboratories working on the same organism. In this study, 360 mutations, including single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), small insertion/deletions (indels; 1 to 3 bp), fragment deletions, and transpositions, were identified in the genomes of three substrains. Heterogeneous/heterozygous bases were also identified due to the polyploidy nature of the genome and the multicellular morphology but could be completely segregated when plated after filament fragmentation by sonication. hetC is a gene upregulated in developing cells during heterocyst formation in Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 and found in approximately half of other heterocyst-forming cyanobacteria. Inactivation of hetC in 3 substrains of Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 led to different phenotypes: the formation of heterocysts, differentiating cells that keep dividing, or the presence of both heterocysts and dividing differentiating cells. The expression of P hetZ - gfp in these hetC mutants also showed different patterns of green fluorescent protein (GFP) fluorescence. Thus, the function of hetC is influenced by the genomic background and epistasis and constitutes an example of evolution under way. IMPORTANCE Our knowledge about the molecular genetics of heterocyst formation, an important cell differentiation process for global N 2 fixation, is mostly based on studies with Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120. Here, we show that rapid microevolution is under way in this strain, leading to phenotypic variations for certain genes related to heterocyst development, such as hetC This study provides an example for ongoing microevolution, marked by multiple heterogeneous/heterozygous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), in a multicellular multicopy-genome microorganism. Copyright © 2018 American Society for Microbiology.
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Nusbaum, Fanny; Hannoun, Salem; Kocevar, Gabriel; Stamile, Claudio; Fourneret, Pierre; Revol, Olivier; Sappey-Marinier, Dominique
2017-01-01
Objectives: The main goal of this study was to investigate and compare the neural substrate of two children's profiles of high intelligence quotient (HIQ). Methods: Two groups of HIQ children were included with either a homogeneous (Hom-HIQ: n = 20) or a heterogeneous IQ profile (Het-HIQ: n = 24) as defined by a significant difference between verbal comprehension index and perceptual reasoning index. Diffusion tensor imaging was used to assess white matter (WM) microstructure while tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) analysis was performed to detect and localize WM regional differences in fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity, axial (AD), and radial diffusivities. Quantitative measurements were performed on 48 regions and 21 fiber-bundles of WM. Results: Hom-HIQ children presented higher FA than Het-HIQ children in widespread WM regions including central structures, and associative intra-hemispheric WM fasciculi. AD was also greater in numerous WM regions of Total-HIQ, Hom-HIQ, and Het-HIQ groups when compared to the Control group. Hom-HIQ and Het-HIQ groups also differed by their hemispheric lateralization in AD differences compared to Controls. Het-HIQ and Hom-HIQ groups showed a lateralization ratio (left/right) of 1.38 and 0.78, respectively. Conclusions: These findings suggest that both inter- and intra-hemispheric WM integrity are enhanced in HIQ children and that neural substrate differs between Hom-HIQ and Het-HIQ. The left hemispheric lateralization of Het-HIQ children is concordant with their higher verbal index while the relative right hemispheric lateralization of Hom-HIQ children is concordant with their global brain processing and adaptation capacities as evidenced by their homogeneous IQ. PMID:28420955
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Distinct Neurobehavioural Effects of Cannabidiol in Transmembrane Domain Neuregulin 1 Mutant Mice
Long, Leonora E.; Chesworth, Rose; Huang, Xu-Feng; Wong, Alexander; Spiro, Adena; McGregor, Iain S.; Arnold, Jonathon C.; Karl, Tim
2012-01-01
The cannabis constituent cannabidiol (CBD) possesses anxiolytic and antipsychotic properties. We have previously shown that transmembrane domain neuregulin 1 mutant (Nrg1 TM HET) mice display altered neurobehavioural responses to the main psychoactive constituent of cannabis, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol. Here we investigated whether Nrg1 TM HET mice respond differently to CBD and whether CBD reverses schizophrenia-related phenotypes expressed by these mice. Adult male Nrg1 TM HET and wild type-like littermates (WT) received vehicle or CBD (1, 50 or 100 mg/kg i.p.) for 21 days. During treatment and 48 h after withdrawal we measured behaviour, whole blood CBD concentrations and autoradiographic receptor binding. Nrg1 HET mice displayed locomotor hyperactivity, PPI deficits and reduced 5-HT2A receptor binding density in the substantia nigra, but these phenotypes were not reversed by CBD. However, long-term CBD (50 and 100 mg/kg) selectively enhanced social interaction in Nrg1 TM HET mice. Furthermore, acute CBD (100 mg/kg) selectively increased PPI in Nrg1 TM HET mice, although tolerance to this effect was manifest upon repeated CBD administration. Long-term CBD (50 mg/kg) also selectively increased GABAA receptor binding in the granular retrosplenial cortex in Nrg1 TM HET mice and reduced 5-HT2A binding in the substantia nigra in WT mice. Nrg1 appears necessary for CBD-induced anxiolysis since only WT mice developed decreased anxiety-related behaviour with repeated CBD treatment. Altered pharmacokinetics in mutant mice could not explain our findings since no genotype differences existed in CBD blood concentrations. Here we demonstrate that Nrg1 modulates acute and long-term neurobehavioural effects of CBD, which does not reverse the schizophrenia-relevant phenotypes. PMID:22509273
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Distinct neurobehavioural effects of cannabidiol in transmembrane domain neuregulin 1 mutant mice.
Long, Leonora E; Chesworth, Rose; Huang, Xu-Feng; Wong, Alexander; Spiro, Adena; McGregor, Iain S; Arnold, Jonathon C; Karl, Tim
2012-01-01
The cannabis constituent cannabidiol (CBD) possesses anxiolytic and antipsychotic properties. We have previously shown that transmembrane domain neuregulin 1 mutant (Nrg1 TM HET) mice display altered neurobehavioural responses to the main psychoactive constituent of cannabis, Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol. Here we investigated whether Nrg1 TM HET mice respond differently to CBD and whether CBD reverses schizophrenia-related phenotypes expressed by these mice. Adult male Nrg1 TM HET and wild type-like littermates (WT) received vehicle or CBD (1, 50 or 100 mg/kg i.p.) for 21 days. During treatment and 48 h after withdrawal we measured behaviour, whole blood CBD concentrations and autoradiographic receptor binding. Nrg1 HET mice displayed locomotor hyperactivity, PPI deficits and reduced 5-HT(2A) receptor binding density in the substantia nigra, but these phenotypes were not reversed by CBD. However, long-term CBD (50 and 100 mg/kg) selectively enhanced social interaction in Nrg1 TM HET mice. Furthermore, acute CBD (100 mg/kg) selectively increased PPI in Nrg1 TM HET mice, although tolerance to this effect was manifest upon repeated CBD administration. Long-term CBD (50 mg/kg) also selectively increased GABA(A) receptor binding in the granular retrosplenial cortex in Nrg1 TM HET mice and reduced 5-HT(2A) binding in the substantia nigra in WT mice. Nrg1 appears necessary for CBD-induced anxiolysis since only WT mice developed decreased anxiety-related behaviour with repeated CBD treatment. Altered pharmacokinetics in mutant mice could not explain our findings since no genotype differences existed in CBD blood concentrations. Here we demonstrate that Nrg1 modulates acute and long-term neurobehavioural effects of CBD, which does not reverse the schizophrenia-relevant phenotypes.
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Beyond Child Survival: Towards a New Future. Report of the Bernard van Leer Foundation, 1986-1987.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Bernard Van Leer Foundation, The Hague (Netherlands).
This report on the Bernard van Leer Foundation's early childhood grant program of 1986-1987 is organized by geographic region. Regional sections cover Africa, Asia and the Pacific, Europe, and the Western Hemisphere. Each regional section contains an introduction, a table of major projects being supported in the region, and feature articles on…
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Formally Generating Adaptive Security Protocols
2013-03-01
User Interfaces for Theorem Provers, 2012. [9] Xiaoming Liu, Christoph Kreitz, Robbert van Renesse, Jason J. Hickey, Mark Hayden, Ken- neth Birman, and...Constable, Mark Hayden, Jason Hickey, Christoph Kreitz, Robbert van Renesse, Ohad Rodeh, and Werner Vogels. The Horus and Ensemble projects: Accom...plishments and limitations. In DARPA Information Survivability Conference and Exposition (DISCEX 2000), pages 149–161, Hilton Head, SC, 2000. IEEE
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Fungal prion HET-s as a model for structural complexity and self-propagation in prions.
Wan, William; Stubbs, Gerald
2014-04-08
The highly ordered and reproducible structure of the fungal prion HET-s makes it an excellent model system for studying the inherent properties of prions, self-propagating infectious proteins that have been implicated in a number of fatal diseases. In particular, the HET-s prion-forming domain readily folds into a relatively complex two-rung β-solenoid amyloid. The faithful self-propagation of this fold involves a diverse array of inter- and intramolecular structural features. These features include a long flexible loop connecting the two rungs, buried polar residues, salt bridges, and asparagine ladders. We have used site-directed mutagenesis and X-ray fiber diffraction to probe the relative importance of these features for the formation of β-solenoid structure, as well as the cumulative effects of multiple mutations. Using fibrillization kinetics and chemical stability assays, we have determined the biophysical effects of our mutations on the assembly and stability of the prion-forming domain. We have found that a diversity of structural features provides a level of redundancy that allows robust folding and stability even in the face of significant sequence alterations and suboptimal environmental conditions. Our findings provide fundamental insights into the structural interactions necessary for self-propagation. Propagation of prion structure seems to require an obligatory level of complexity that may not be reproducible in short peptide models.
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Calibration of the Solar Orbiter Energetic Particle Detector Suite
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Wimmer-Schweingruber, R. F.; Rodriguez-Pacheco, J.; Martin-Garcia, C.; Kulkarni, S. R.; Panitzsch, L.; Boettcher, S.; Mason, G. M.; Kohler, J.; Ho, G. C.; Boden, S.; Grunau, J.; Steinhagen, J.; Terasa, C.; Yu, J.; Prieto, M.; Gomez-Herrero, R.; Blanco, J.
2013-12-01
We present the current status and plans for the calibration of the Energetic Particle Detector (EPD) suite on ESA's Solar Orbiter mission. Solar Orbiter is scheduled to launch in January 2017, instrument delivery in January 2015. EPD consists of four sensors: the SupraThermal Electron and Proton (STEP) sensor covers electrons (protons) from 2 (3) keV up to 100 keV, the Electron Proton Telescope (EPT) from 20 to 300 (7000) keV, the Suprathermal Ion Spectrograph (SIS) determines the ionic composition from ~0.05 to ~10 MeV/nuc (species dependent), and the High Energy Telescope (HET) measures electrons and protons (ions) from 0.3 to 30 and 10 to >100 MeV/nuc (20 - 200 MeV/nuc species dependent). EPT, HET, and SIS have two approximately opposite-facing fields of view, EPT, and HET share a common electronics box, two EPT/HET sensors allow the determination of second-order anisotropies (a total of 4 FoVs). Apart from the use of radioactive sources, STEP will be calibrated at the Kiel calibration facilities, EPT both at Kiel (electrons and low-energy protons) as well as at PTB in Braunschweig. SIS will undergo calibration at the LBL 88' cyclotron, HET at HIMAC in Chiba, Japan. Tests of the electron/protons discrimination of EPT show the expected behavior, HET prototypes have already been calibrated and the results will be shown.
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Mahrooghy, Majid; Ashraf, Ahmed B; Daye, Dania; McDonald, Elizabeth S; Rosen, Mark; Mies, Carolyn; Feldman, Michael; Kontos, Despina
2015-06-01
Heterogeneity in cancer can affect response to therapy and patient prognosis. Histologic measures have classically been used to measure heterogeneity, although a reliable noninvasive measurement is needed both to establish baseline risk of recurrence and monitor response to treatment. Here, we propose using spatiotemporal wavelet kinetic features from dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging to quantify intratumor heterogeneity in breast cancer. Tumor pixels are first partitioned into homogeneous subregions using pharmacokinetic measures. Heterogeneity wavelet kinetic (HetWave) features are then extracted from these partitions to obtain spatiotemporal patterns of the wavelet coefficients and the contrast agent uptake. The HetWave features are evaluated in terms of their prognostic value using a logistic regression classifier with genetic algorithm wrapper-based feature selection to classify breast cancer recurrence risk as determined by a validated gene expression assay. Receiver operating characteristic analysis and area under the curve (AUC) are computed to assess classifier performance using leave-one-out cross validation. The HetWave features outperform other commonly used features (AUC = 0.88 HetWave versus 0.70 standard features). The combination of HetWave and standard features further increases classifier performance (AUCs 0.94). The rate of the spatial frequency pattern over the pharmacokinetic partitions can provide valuable prognostic information. HetWave could be a powerful feature extraction approach for characterizing tumor heterogeneity, providing valuable prognostic information.
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Field trial of gravel stabilization methods : Route 1, Cyr-Van Buren, ME : 2nd interim report.
DOT National Transportation Integrated Search
1995-02-01
This experimental construction project was developed, designed, and inspected by personnel from the University of Maine, Civil Engineering Staff. The experimental project was constructed on and as a part of Project #2586 00. This was a complete recon...
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Field trial of gravel stabilization methods : Route 1, Cyr-Van Buren, ME : 1st interim report.
DOT National Transportation Integrated Search
1993-05-01
This experimental construction project was developed, designed, and inspected by personnel from the University of Maine, Civil Engineering Staff. The experimental project was constructed on and as a part of Project #2586.00. This was a complete recon...
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Current Driven Instabilities and Anomalous Mobility in Hall-effect Thrusters
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Tran, Jonathan; Eckhardt, Daniel; Martin, Robert
2017-10-01
Due to the extreme cost of fully resolving the Debye length and plasma frequency, hybrid plasma simulations utilizing kinetic ions and quasi-steady state fluid electrons have long been the principle workhorse methodology for Hall-effect thruster (HET) modeling. Plasma turbulence and the resulting anomalous electron transport in HETs is a promising candidate for developing predictive models for the observed anomalous transport. In this work, we investigate the implementation of an anomalous electron cross field transport model for hybrid HET simulations such a HPHall. A theory for anomalous transport in HETs and current driven instabilities has been recently studied by Lafleur et al. This work has shown collective electron-wave scattering due to large amplitude azimuthal fluctuations of the electric field. We will further adapt the previous results for related current driven instabilities to electric propulsion relevant mass ratios and conduct a preliminary study of resolving this instability with a modified hybrid (fluid electron and kinetic ion) simulation with the hope of integration with established hybrid HET simulations. This work is supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research award FA9950-17RQCOR465.
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Regulation of Development and Nitrogen Fixation in Anabaena
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
James W. Golden
2008-10-17
The regulation of development and cellular differentiation is important for all multicellular organisms. The nitrogen-fixing filamentous cyanobacterium Anabaena (also Nostoc) sp. PCC 7120 (hereafter Anabaena) provides a model of multicellular microbial development and pattern formation. Anabaena reduces N2 to ammonia in specialized terminally differentiated cells called heterocysts. A one-dimensional developmental pattern of single heterocysts regularly spaced along filaments of photosynthetic vegetative cells is established to form a multicellular organism composed of these two interdependent cell types. This multicellular growth pattern, the distinct phylogeny of cyanobacteria, and the suspected antiquity of heterocyst development make this an important model system. Our long-termmore » goal is to understand the regulatory network required for heterocyst development and nitrogen fixation. This project is focused on two key aspects of heterocyst regulation: one, the mechanism by which HetR controls the initiation of differentiation, and two, the cis and trans acting factors required for expression of the nitrogen-fixation (nif) genes. HetR is thought to be a central regulator of heterocyst development but the partners and mechanisms involved in this regulation are unknown. Our recent results indicate that PatS and other signals that regulate heterocyst pattern cannot interact, directly or indirectly, with a R223W mutant of HetR. We plan to use biochemical and genetic approaches to identify proteins that interact with the HetR protein, which will help reveal the mechanisms underlying its regulation of development. Our second goal is to determine how the nif genes are expressed. It is important to understand the mechanisms controlling nif genes since they represent the culmination of the differentiation process and the essence of heterocyst function. The Anabaena genome lacks the genes required for expression of nif genes present in other organisms such as rpoN (sigma 54) and nifA. We will use nifH-gfp reporter fusions to define the upstream sequences that are required for nifH expression and for genetic experiments to identify the trans-acting factors required for nifH regulation.« less
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Research on ZnO/Si heterojunction solar cells
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Chen, Li; Chen, Xinliang; Liu, Yiming; Zhao, Ying; Zhang, Xiaodan
2017-06-01
We put forward an n-ZnO/p-Si heterojunction solar cell model based on AFORS-HET simulations and provide experimental support in this article. ZnO:B (B-doped ZnO) thin films deposited by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) are planned to act as electrical emitter layer on p-type c-Si substrate for photovoltaic applications. We investigate the effects of thickness, buffer layer, ZnO:B affinity and work function of electrodes on performances of solar cells through computer simulations using AFORS-HET software package. The energy conversion efficiency of the ZnO:B(n)/ZnO/c-Si(p) solar cell can achieve 17.16% ({V}{oc}: 675.8 mV, {J}{sc}: 30.24 mA/cm2, FF: 83.96%) via simulation. On a basis of optimized conditions in simulation, we carry out some experiments, which testify that the ZnO buffer layer of 20 nm contributes to improving performances of solar cells. The influences of growth temperature, thickness and diborane (B2H6) flow rates are also discussed. We achieve an appropriate condition for the fabrication of the solar cells using the MOCVD technique. The obtained conversion efficiency reaches 2.82% ({V}{oc}: 294.4 mV, {J}{sc}: 26.108 mA/cm2, FF: 36.66%). Project supported by the State Key Development Program for Basic Research of China (Nos. 2011CBA00706, 2011CBA00707), the Tianjin Applied Basic Research Project and Cutting-Edge Technology Research Plan (No. 13JCZDJC26900), the Tianjin Major Science and Technology Support Project (No. 11TXSYGX22100), the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (No. 2013AA050302), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 65010341).
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ROVER : prototype roving verification van : transportation project summary
DOT National Transportation Integrated Search
1997-06-01
The purpose of this project is to verify the safety and legality of commercial vehicles at both fixed and mobile roadside sites. improving the efficiency, safety. and effectiveness of commercial vehicle operations through the use of timely, accurate ...
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2018-01-01
Mitotic recombination can result in loss of heterozygosity and chromosomal rearrangements that shape genome structure and initiate human disease. Engineered double-strand breaks (DSBs) are a potent initiator of recombination, but whether spontaneous events initiate with the breakage of one or both DNA strands remains unclear. In the current study, a crossover (CO)-specific assay was used to compare heteroduplex DNA (hetDNA) profiles, which reflect strand exchange intermediates, associated with DSB-induced versus spontaneous events in yeast. Most DSB-induced CO products had the two-sided hetDNA predicted by the canonical DSB repair model, with a switch in hetDNA position from one product to the other at the position of the break. Approximately 40% of COs, however, had hetDNA on only one side of the initiating break. This anomaly can be explained by a modified model in which there is frequent processing of an early invasion (D-loop) intermediate prior to extension of the invading end. Finally, hetDNA tracts exhibited complexities consistent with frequent expansion of the DSB into a gap, migration of strand-exchange junctions, and template switching during gap-filling reactions. hetDNA patterns in spontaneous COs isolated in either a wild-type background or in a background with elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (tsa1Δ mutant) were similar to those associated with the DSB-induced events, suggesting that DSBs are the major instigator of spontaneous mitotic recombination in yeast. PMID:29579095
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Current status of the HETDEX fiber optic support system
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Good, John M.; Hill, Gary J.; Mollison, Nicholas T.; Vattiat, Brian L.; Murphy, Jeremy D.; Klez, Andreas; Roth, Martin M.; MacQueen, Phillip J.; Rafal, Marc D.; Savage, Richard D.; Smith, Michael P.; Bayless, Amanda J.
2008-07-01
The Hobby-Eberly Telescope Dark Energy eXperiment [HETDEX] will employ over 43,000 optical fibers to feed light to 192 Visible Integral-Field Replicable Unit Spectrographs [VIRUS]. Each VIRUS instrument is fed by 224 fibers. To reduce cost, the spectrographs are combined into pairs; thus, two bundles of 224 fibers are combined into a single Integral Field Unit [IFU] of 448 fibers. On the input end the fibers are arranged in a square 'dense-pack' array at the HET focal surface. At the output end the IFU terminates in two separate linear arrays which provide entry slits for each spectrometer unit. The IFU lengths must be kept to an absolute minimum to mitigate losses; however, consideration of overall project cost and duration of the science mission have resulted in the generation of two competing concepts. Multiple axes of motion are imposed on the IFUs as they span the shortest distance from the focal surface to each VIRUS unit. Arranging and supporting 96 IFUs, that have a total mass over 450 kg, in a manner that is compatible with these complex translations, together with the management of accompanying forces on the tracking mechanism of the HET, presents a significant technical challenge, which is further compounded by wind buffeting. The longer IFU concept is favored due to overall project cost, but requires tests to assure that the fibers can withstand forces associated with a height differential of 16.25 meters without FRD losses or breakage.
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Heterogeneous multiscale Monte Carlo simulations for gold nanoparticle radiosensitization.
Martinov, Martin P; Thomson, Rowan M
2017-02-01
To introduce the heterogeneous multiscale (HetMS) model for Monte Carlo simulations of gold nanoparticle dose-enhanced radiation therapy (GNPT), a model characterized by its varying levels of detail on different length scales within a single phantom; to apply the HetMS model in two different scenarios relevant for GNPT and to compare computed results with others published. The HetMS model is implemented using an extended version of the EGSnrc user-code egs_chamber; the extended code is tested and verified via comparisons with recently published data from independent GNP simulations. Two distinct scenarios for the HetMS model are then considered: (a) monoenergetic photon beams (20 keV to 1 MeV) incident on a cylinder (1 cm radius, 3 cm length); (b) isotropic point source (brachytherapy source spectra) at the center of a 2.5 cm radius sphere with gold nanoparticles (GNPs) diffusing outwards from the center. Dose enhancement factors (DEFs) are compared for different source energies, depths in phantom, gold concentrations, GNP sizes, and modeling assumptions, as well as with independently published values. Simulation efficiencies are investigated. The HetMS MC simulations account for the competing effects of photon fluence perturbation (due to gold in the scatter media) coupled with enhanced local energy deposition (due to modeling discrete GNPs within subvolumes). DEFs are most sensitive to these effects for the lower source energies, varying with distance from the source; DEFs below unity (i.e., dose decreases, not enhancements) can occur at energies relevant for brachytherapy. For example, in the cylinder scenario, the 20 keV photon source has a DEF of 3.1 near the phantom's surface, decreasing to less than unity by 0.7 cm depth (for 20 mg/g). Compared to discrete modeling of GNPs throughout the gold-containing (treatment) volume, efficiencies are enhanced by up to a factor of 122 with the HetMS approach. For the spherical phantom, DEFs vary with time for diffusion, radionuclide, and radius; DEFs differ considerably from those computed using a widely applied analytic approach. By combining geometric models of varying complexity on different length scales within a single simulation, the HetMS model can effectively account for both macroscopic and microscopic effects which must both be considered for accurate computation of energy deposition and DEFs for GNPT. Efficiency gains with the HetMS approach enable diverse calculations which would otherwise be prohibitively long. The HetMS model may be extended to diverse scenarios relevant for GNPT, providing further avenues for research and development. © 2016 American Association of Physicists in Medicine.
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Baseline tests of the Volkswagen transporter electric delivery van
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Soltis, R. F.; Mcbrien, E. F.; Bozek, J. M.; Gourash, F.
1978-01-01
The Volkswagen Transporter, an electric delivery van, was tested as part of an Energy Research and Development Administration (ERDA) project to characterize the state of the art of electric vehicles. The Volkswagen Transporter is a standard Volkswagen van that has been converted to an electric vehicle. It is powered by a 144-volt traction battery. A direct current (dc) chopper controller, actuated by a conventional accelerator pedal, regulates the voltage or power applied to the 16-kilowatt (21-hp) motor. The braking system uses conventional hydraulic braking in combination with an electric regenerative braking system. The Volkswagen vehicle performance test results are presented.
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Faces of the Recovery Act: 1366 Technologies
Sachs, Ely; Mierlo, Frank van; Obama, Barack
2017-12-09
LEXINGTON, MA - At 1366 Technologies, Ely Sachs and Frank van Mierlo are using ARPA-E Recovery Act funding to dramatically reduce the costs of solar panel production. To read more about the project: http://arpa-e.energy.gov/FundedProjects.aspx#1366 To see more projects funded by the Recovery Act through ARPA-E: http://arpa-e.energy.gov/FundedProjects.aspx
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Faces of the Recovery Act: 1366 Technologies
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Sachs, Ely; Mierlo, Frank van; Obama, Barack
2010-01-01
LEXINGTON, MA - At 1366 Technologies, Ely Sachs and Frank van Mierlo are using ARPA-E Recovery Act funding to dramatically reduce the costs of solar panel production. To read more about the project: http://arpa-e.energy.gov/FundedProjects.aspx#1366 To see more projects funded by the Recovery Act through ARPA-E: http://arpa-e.energy.gov/FundedProjects.aspx
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Bernard Van Leer Foundation, The Hague (Netherlands).
This report includes descriptions of 105 projects in 42 countries that are financed and supported by the Bernard van Leer Foundation. Projects profiled are those with a duration of 1-5 years which were operationally active at the end of January, 1990. Each project is described in terms of: (1) the sponsoring institution, that is, the institution…
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Rembrandt and Collections of His Art in America: An NEH Curriculum Project
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Piro, Joseph M.
2008-01-01
This article features an arts education curriculum project that was designed to use the oeuvre of Rembrandt van Rijn--seventeenth-century Dutch painter, etcher, and draftsman extraordinaire--as a teaching resource. A partnership of scholars, university professors, museum educators, and classroom teachers designed the project, which uses Rembrandt…
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One Size Does Not Fit All: A System Development Perspective
2013-09-09
Postgraduate School in Monterey, CA. LCDR LaSalle graduated with an Associate of Science degree in nutrition and culinary arts from Johnson & Wales...designs throughout the project. 10. Simplicity is the art of maximizing work done: Simplicity is essential. As Cockburn (2002) stated, “Simplicity...The fifth discipline: The art and practice of the learning organization. New York, NY: Doubleday/Currency. Sengupta, K., Van Oorschot, K. E., & Van
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Ashkenazi, Michael
By 1985, almost 2,500 Ethiopian Jews, who call themselves Beta Israel, had settled in Israel, with more than 1,600 in permanent housing in 2 major areas. This mass immigration caused strains on Israeli society and on the immigrants. The Bernard van Leer Foundation funded the Community and Education Project for Beta Israel to assist in the…
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Ormeci, A; Emrence, Z; Baran, B; Gokturk, S; Soyer, O M; Evirgen, S; Akyuz, F; Karaca, C; Besisik, F; Kaymakoglu, S; Ustek, D; Demir, K
2016-03-01
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) polymorphisms play an important role in the metabolism of proton pump inhibitors. Rabeprazole is primarily metabolized via non-enzymatic pathways. In this study, we determined whether rabeprazole- and pantoprazole-based eradication treatments were influenced by CYP2C19 polymorphisms. A total of 200 patients infected with Helicobacter pylori were treated with either 40 mg of pantoprazole or 20 mg of rabeprazole plus 500 mg of clarithromycin, 1000 mg of amoxicillin twice daily for 2 weeks. CYP2C19 genotype status was determined by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)-restriction-fragment-length polymorphism. The genotypes of cytochrome P450 2C19 were classified as homozigote extensive metabolizer (HomEM), heterozigote metabolizer (HetEM) and poor metabolizer (PM). The CYP2C19 genotype of all patients, the effectiveness of the treatment, the effect of the genotypic polymorphism on the treatment were assessed. The frequencies of HotEM, HetEM, PM were 78%, 19.5% and 2.5%, respectively. 48% (n = 96) of the patients received treatment with rabeprazole and 52% (n = 104) with pantoprazole. The eradication rate was 64.7% for HomEM, 79.4% for HetEM, 100% for PM (p = 0.06). In HetEM, PM, are considered as a single group, the eradication rates were higher in patients with the HetEM and PM (HetEM+PM) genotypes than in those with the wild-type genotype (81.8 vs. 64.7% p = 0.031). Among the patients treated with rabeprazole, the eradication rates were significantly lower in those with the HomEM genotype than in those with the HetEM+PM genotypes (60% vs. 85.7% p = 0.023). The genotypic polymorphism is effective on the rate of eradication. Eradication treatment rate with rabeprazole is influenced by CYP2C19 genotype.
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Arynes, diaryliodonium salts and azine N-oxides in transition metal-free electrophilic N-arylation
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Bugaenko, D. I.; Karchava, A. V.; Yurovskaya, M. A.
2018-03-01
The main approach to the synthesis of aromatic and heteroaromatic amines is based on palladium- and copper-catalyzed N-arylation reactions. Although these methods are highly efficient and provide extensive opportunities for the synthesis of (het)arylamines with various structures and properties, they have some limitations related to the catalysts used and reaction conditions. This review addresses alternative approaches to N-(het)arylation that have been extensively developed in the past decade and are based on the use of arynes, diaryliodonium salts and azine N-oxides as electrophilic (het)arylating agents. Because of mild reaction conditions and no need for catalysts and strong bases, these N-(het)arylation methods are attractive for various synthetic applications and open up new possibilities for the preparation of valuable organic compounds inaccessible via traditional catalytic methods. The attention is focussed on publications of the last decade. The bibliography includes 112 references.
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Segment Alignment Maintenance System for the Hobby-Eberly Telescope
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Rakoczy, John; Burdine, Robert (Technical Monitor)
2001-01-01
NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center, in collaboration with Blue Line Engineering of Colorado Springs, Colorado, is developing a Segment Alignment Maintenance System (SAMS) for McDonald Observatory's Hobby-Eberly Telescope (HET). The SAMS shall sense motions of the 91 primary mirror segments and send corrections to HET's primary mirror controller as the mirror segments misalign due to thermo -elastic deformations of the mirror support structure. The SAMS consists of inductive edge sensors. All measurements are sent to the SAMS computer where mirror motion corrections are calculated. In October 2000, a prototype SAMS was installed on a seven-segment cluster of the HET. Subsequent testing has shown that the SAMS concept and architecture are a viable practical approach to maintaining HET's primary mirror figure, or the figure of any large segmented telescope. This paper gives a functional description of the SAMS sub-array components and presents test data to characterize the performance of the subarray SAMS.
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Cross-field diffusion in Hall thrusters and other plasma thrusters
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Boeuf, J. P.
2012-10-01
Understanding and quantifying electron transport perpendicular to the magnetic field is a challenge in many low temperature plasma applications. Hall effect thrusters (HETs) provide an excellent example of cross-field transport. The HET is a very successful concept that can be considered both as a gridless ion source and an electromagnetic thruster. In HETs, the electric field E accelerating the ions is a consequence of the Lorentz force due to an external magnetic field B acting on the ExB Hall electron current. An essential aspect of HETs is that the ExB drift is closed, i.e. is in the azimuthal direction of a cylindrical channel. In the first part of this presentation we will discuss the physics of cross-field electron transport in HETs, and the current understanding (or non-understanding) of the possible role of turbulence and wall collisions on cross-field diffusion. We will also briefly comment on alternative designs of ion sources based on the same principles as the conventional HET (Anode Layer Thruster, Diverging Cusp Field Thrusters, End-Hall ion sources). In a second part of the presentation we show that the Lorentz force acting on diamagnetic currents (associated with the ∇PexB term in the electron momentum equation) can also provide thrust. This is the case for example in helicon thrusters where the plasma expands in a magnetic nozzle. We will report and discuss recent work on helicon thrusters and other devices where the diamagnetic current is dominant (with some examples where the ∇PexB current is not closed and is directed toward a wall!).
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DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Timmermans, Eddy Marcel Elvire; Nisoli, Cristiano; Mozyrsky, Dima
Light radiated from a hot, opaque thermal emitter originates mostly from near the surface at which the object becomes opaque (the surface of last scattering). To be specific, we define the “optical surface” as the surface at which the optical depth, as observed from a detector, takes on the value of 1. The optical depth along a line of sight depends on the wavelength dependent. Accumulating light in different spectral bands, spectral detector then records light from different surfaces, a structure that we can picture somewhat like the layers of an onion. The theoretical framework that predicts the emitted spectralmore » signal is radioactive transfer.« less
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Kalafat, D.; Suvarikli, M.; Ogutcu, Z.; Kekovali, K.; Ocal, M. F.; Gunes, Y.; Pinar, A.
2013-12-01
The study area of the present research, the Van Region is located at the norththern end of the collision zone between the Anatolia and Arabian plates. Therefore, the southeast border of the Anatolian plate collides with the Arabian plate along the Bitlis Suture Zone. This zone is formed by collision of Arabian and in large scale Eurasian plates at mid-Miocen age. This type of thrust generation as a result of compressional regime extends east-west. The largest recorded earthquakes have all taken place along Southern Turkey (e.g. Lice, 1971; Varto, 1966; Caldiran, 1976). On the 23th of October 2011, an earthquake shook the Van Lake, Eastern Turkey, following a seismic sequence of more than three months in an unprecedented episode for this region characterized by null or low seismicity. The October 23, 2011 Van-Ercis Earthquake (Mw=7.1) was the most devastating resulting in loss of life and destruction. In order to study the aftershocks' activity of this main event, we installed and kept a seismic network of 10 broad-band (BB) stations in the area for an interval of nearly fifteen months. We characterized the seismogenic structure of the zone by calculating a minimum 1-D local velocity model and obtaining precise hypocentre locations. We also calculated fault plane solutions for more than 200 moderate sized earthquakes based on first motion polarities and commonly Moment Tensor Inversion Methods. The seismogenic zone would be localized at aproximately 10 km depth. Generally, the distribution of the important moderate earthquakes and the aftershock distribution shows that the E-W and NE-SW oriented fault segments cause the earthquake activities. Aftershock events are located along the eastern border of Lake Van and mainly between 5 and 10 km depth and disposed in two alignments: a ~E-W-trending alignment that matches with the trace of the Van Trust fault Zone and a NE-trending which could correspond to an structure not previously seen. Selected focal mechanisms show a strong trust faulting which coincides with the nature of the Van fault. We were currently analysing an archive of over 5000 local events recorded by the KOERI seismic network of over 20 broadband stations between 2010 and 2013 in the whole Van Region. The Van Earthquake initiated and caused an increase in seismic activity of the region. Van Earthquake and its important aftershocks fault mechanism solutions show that the region is under compression and reverse faulting is a result of this regime which is effective on the active compressional tectonics of the region. This study was supported by Bogazici University Research Projects Commission under SRP/BAP project No. 6040.
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1989-12-01
en Elektroniscb Laboratorium TNO (FEL-TNO), de Rijksuniversiteit Limburg (RL) en bet Research Instituut voor Kennis-Systemen (RIKS). In dit rapport...kwaliteitsbeheersing van kennissystemen. TNO rapport Pagina 2 report no : FEL-89-A267 bee Quality of Expert Systems: Methods and Techniques author(s) J.H.J. Lenting MA...Defence Research and Development. Participants in the project are TNO Physics and Electronics Laboratory (FEL-TNO), University of Limburg (RL) and
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Effects of Iron Depletion on CALM-AF10 Leukemias
Heath, Jessica L.; Weiss, Joshua M.
2014-01-01
Iron, an essential nutrient for cellular growth and proliferation, enters cells via clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME). The clathrin assembly lymphoid myeloid (CALM) protein plays an essential role in the cellular import of iron by CME. CALM-AF10 leukemias harbor a single copy of the normal CALM gene, and may therefore be more sensitive to the growth inhibitory effect of iron restriction compared with normal hematopoietic cells. We found that Calm heterozygous (CalmHET) murine fibroblasts exhibit signs of iron deficiency, with increased surface transferrin receptor (sTfR) levels and reduced growth rates. CalmHET hematopoietic cells are more sensitive in vitro to iron chelators than their wild type counterparts. Iron chelation also displayed toxicity towards cultured CalmHET CALM-AF10 leukemia cells and this effect was additive to that of chemotherapy. In mice transplanted with CalmHET CALM-AF10 leukemia, we found that dietary iron restriction reduces tumor burden in the spleen. However, dietary iron restriction, used alone or in conjunction with chemotherapy, did not increase survival of mice with CalmHET CALM-AF10 leukemia. In summary, while Calm heterozygosity results in iron deficiency and increased sensitivity to iron chelation in vitro, our data in mice do not suggest that iron depletion strategies would be beneficial for the therapy of CALM-AF10 leukemia patients. PMID:25193880
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DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Not Available
1981-02-01
This report describes the second phase of the EPRI-SCE Electric Vehicle Project, in which four additional electric vehicles (EVs) were tested and evaluated: the Jet Industries Model 007 passenger car, Model 750 pickup truck, and Model 1400 passenger van; and the Lucas-Bedford Model CFE cargo van. During the first phase of this project, four EVs were also tested: Jet 500, Volkswagen Type 2, DAUG Type GM2, and Battronic Minivan. The project emphasizes road-testing of vehicles to acquire data on their useful driving range, performance, reliability, and driver acceptance in utility-fleet use. Each vehicle was driven more than 100 miles alongmore » SCE-selected test routes to determine the effects of different terrains (level, slight grades, and steep grades), traffic conditions (one-, two-, three-, and four-stops/mile and freeway), and payload. The vehicle component failures that occurred during testing are itemized and described briefly, and assessments are made of expected field reliability. Other vehicle characteristics and measurements of interest are presented. The data base on these test vehicles is intended to provide the reader an overview of the real world performance that can be expected from present-day state-of-the-art EVs.« less
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The Van Sant AVHRR image projected onto a rhombicosidodecahedron
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Baron, Michael; Morain, Stan
1996-03-01
IDEATION, a design and development corporation, Santa Fe, New Mexico, has modeled Tom Van Sant's ``The Earth From Space'' image to a rhombicosidodecahedron. ``The Earth from Space'' image, produced by the Geosphere® Project in Santa Monica, California, was developed from hundreds of AVHRR pictures and published as a Mercator projection. IDEATION, utilizing a digitized Robinson Projection, fitted the image to foldable, paper components which, when interconnected by means of a unique tabular system, results in a rhombicosidodecahedron representation of the Earth exposing 30 square, 20 triangular, and 12 pentagonal faces. Because the resulting model is not spherical, the borders of the represented features were rectified to match the intersecting planes of the model's faces. The resulting product will be licensed and commercially produced for use by elementary and secondary students. Market research indicates the model will be used in both the demonstration of geometric principles and the teaching of fundamental spatial relations of the Earth's lands and oceans.
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Bryan, Allen W; O’Donnell, Charles W; Menke, Matthew; Cowen, Lenore J; Lindquist, Susan; Berger, Bonnie
2012-01-01
The supersecondary structure of amyloids and prions, proteins of intense clinical and biological interest, are difficult to determine by standard experimental or computational means. In addition, significant conformational heterogeneity is known or suspected to exist in many amyloid fibrils. Previous work has demonstrated that probability-based prediction of discrete β-strand pairs can offer insight into these structures. Here, we devise a system of energetic rules that can be used to dynamically assemble these discrete β-strand pairs into complete amyloid β-structures. The STITCHER algorithm progressively ‘stitches’ strand-pairs into full β-sheets based on a novel free-energy model, incorporating experimentally observed amino-acid side-chain stacking contributions, entropic estimates, and steric restrictions for amyloidal parallel β-sheet construction. A dynamic program computes the top 50 structures and returns both the highest scoring structure and a consensus structure taken by polling this list for common discrete elements. Putative structural heterogeneity can be inferred from sequence regions that compose poorly. Predictions show agreement with experimental models of Alzheimer’s amyloid beta peptide and the Podospora anserina Het-s prion. Predictions of the HET-s homolog HET-S also reflect experimental observations of poor amyloid formation. We put forward predicted structures for the yeast prion Sup35, suggesting N-terminal structural stability enabled by tyrosine ladders, and C-terminal heterogeneity. Predictions for the Rnq1 prion and alpha-synuclein are also given, identifying a similar mix of homogenous and heterogeneous secondary structure elements. STITCHER provides novel insight into the energetic basis of amyloid structure, provides accurate structure predictions, and can help guide future experimental studies. Proteins 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. PMID:22095906
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Bryan, Allen W; O'Donnell, Charles W; Menke, Matthew; Cowen, Lenore J; Lindquist, Susan; Berger, Bonnie
2012-02-01
The supersecondary structure of amyloids and prions, proteins of intense clinical and biological interest, are difficult to determine by standard experimental or computational means. In addition, significant conformational heterogeneity is known or suspected to exist in many amyloid fibrils. Previous work has demonstrated that probability-based prediction of discrete β-strand pairs can offer insight into these structures. Here, we devise a system of energetic rules that can be used to dynamically assemble these discrete β-strand pairs into complete amyloid β-structures. The STITCHER algorithm progressively 'stitches' strand-pairs into full β-sheets based on a novel free-energy model, incorporating experimentally observed amino-acid side-chain stacking contributions, entropic estimates, and steric restrictions for amyloidal parallel β-sheet construction. A dynamic program computes the top 50 structures and returns both the highest scoring structure and a consensus structure taken by polling this list for common discrete elements. Putative structural heterogeneity can be inferred from sequence regions that compose poorly. Predictions show agreement with experimental models of Alzheimer's amyloid beta peptide and the Podospora anserina Het-s prion. Predictions of the HET-s homolog HET-S also reflect experimental observations of poor amyloid formation. We put forward predicted structures for the yeast prion Sup35, suggesting N-terminal structural stability enabled by tyrosine ladders, and C-terminal heterogeneity. Predictions for the Rnq1 prion and alpha-synuclein are also given, identifying a similar mix of homogenous and heterogeneous secondary structure elements. STITCHER provides novel insight into the energetic basis of amyloid structure, provides accurate structure predictions, and can help guide future experimental studies. Copyright © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Roles of Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger isoforms NCX1 and NCX2 in motility in mouse ileum.
Nishiyama, Kazuhiro; Azuma, Yasu-Taka; Morioka, Ai; Yoshida, Natsuho; Teramoto, Midori; Tanioka, Kohta; Kita, Satomi; Hayashi, Satomi; Nakajima, Hidemitsu; Iwamoto, Takahiro; Takeuchi, Tadayoshi
2016-10-01
The Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX) is a plasma membrane transporter that is involved in regulating intracellular Ca(2+) concentrations in various tissues. The physiological roles by which NCX influences gastrointestinal motility are incompletely understood, although its role in the heart, brain, and kidney has been widely investigated. In this study, we focused on the functions of the NCX isoforms, NCX1 and NCX2, in the motility of the ileum in the gastrointestinal tract. We investigated the response to electric field stimulation (EFS) in the longitudinal smooth muscle of the ileum obtained from wild-type mice (WT), NCX1-heterozygote knockout mice (NCX1 HET), NCX2 HET and smooth muscle-specific NCX1.3 transgenic mice (NCX1.3 Tg). EFS induced a phasic contraction that persisted during EFS and a tonic contraction that occurred after the end of EFS. We found that the amplitudes of the phasic and tonic contractions were significantly smaller in NCX2 HET, but not in NCX1 HET, compared to WT. Moreover, the magnitudes of acetylcholine (ACh)- and substance P (SP)-induced contractions of NCX2 HET, but not of NCX1 HET, were smaller compared to WT. In contrast, the amplitudes of the phasic and tonic contractions were greater in NCX1.3 Tg compared to WT. Similar to EFS, the magnitude of ACh-induced contraction was greater in NCX1.3 Tg than in WT. Taken together, our findings indicated that NCX1 and NCX2 play important roles in ileal motility and suggest that NCX1 and NCX2 regulate the motility in the ileum by controlling the sensitivity of smooth muscles to ACh and SP.
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Base Station Placement Algorithm for Large-Scale LTE Heterogeneous Networks.
Lee, Seungseob; Lee, SuKyoung; Kim, Kyungsoo; Kim, Yoon Hyuk
2015-01-01
Data traffic demands in cellular networks today are increasing at an exponential rate, giving rise to the development of heterogeneous networks (HetNets), in which small cells complement traditional macro cells by extending coverage to indoor areas. However, the deployment of small cells as parts of HetNets creates a key challenge for operators' careful network planning. In particular, massive and unplanned deployment of base stations can cause high interference, resulting in highly degrading network performance. Although different mathematical modeling and optimization methods have been used to approach various problems related to this issue, most traditional network planning models are ill-equipped to deal with HetNet-specific characteristics due to their focus on classical cellular network designs. Furthermore, increased wireless data demands have driven mobile operators to roll out large-scale networks of small long term evolution (LTE) cells. Therefore, in this paper, we aim to derive an optimum network planning algorithm for large-scale LTE HetNets. Recently, attempts have been made to apply evolutionary algorithms (EAs) to the field of radio network planning, since they are characterized as global optimization methods. Yet, EA performance often deteriorates rapidly with the growth of search space dimensionality. To overcome this limitation when designing optimum network deployments for large-scale LTE HetNets, we attempt to decompose the problem and tackle its subcomponents individually. Particularly noting that some HetNet cells have strong correlations due to inter-cell interference, we propose a correlation grouping approach in which cells are grouped together according to their mutual interference. Both the simulation and analytical results indicate that the proposed solution outperforms the random-grouping based EA as well as an EA that detects interacting variables by monitoring the changes in the objective function algorithm in terms of system throughput performance.
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Videau, Patrick; Rivers, Orion S; Hurd, Kathryn; Ushijima, Blake; Oshiro, Reid T; Ende, Rachel J; O'Hanlon, Samantha M; Cozy, Loralyn M
2016-10-24
The commitment of differentiating cells to a specialized fate is fundamental to the correct assembly of tissues within a multicellular organism. Because commitment is often irreversible, entry into and progression through this phase of development must be tightly regulated. Under nitrogen-limiting conditions, the multicellular cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 terminally commits ∼10% of its cells to become specialized nitrogen-fixing heterocysts. Although commitment is known to occur 9-14 h after the induction of differentiation, the factors that regulate the initiation and duration of this phase have yet to be elucidated. Here, we report the identification of four genes that share a functional domain and modulate heterocyst commitment: hetP (alr2818), asl1930, alr2902, and alr3234 Epistatic relationships between all four genes relating to commitment were revealed by deleting them individually and in combination; asl1930 and alr3234 acted most upstream to delay commitment, alr2902 acted next in the pathway to inhibit development, and hetP acted most downstream to drive commitment forward. Possible protein-protein interactions between HetP, its homologs, and the heterocyst master regulator, HetR, were assessed, and interaction partners were defined. Finally, patterns of gene expression for each homolog, as determined by promoter fusions to gfp and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, were distinct from that of hetP in both spatiotemporal organization and regulation. We posit that a dynamic succession of protein-protein interactions modulates the timing and efficiency of the commitment phase of development and note that this work highlights the utility of a multicellular cyanobacterium as a model for the study of developmental processes.
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A method for probing the mutational landscape of amyloid structure.
O'Donnell, Charles W; Waldispühl, Jérôme; Lis, Mieszko; Halfmann, Randal; Devadas, Srinivas; Lindquist, Susan; Berger, Bonnie
2011-07-01
Proteins of all kinds can self-assemble into highly ordered β-sheet aggregates known as amyloid fibrils, important both biologically and clinically. However, the specific molecular structure of a fibril can vary dramatically depending on sequence and environmental conditions, and mutations can drastically alter amyloid function and pathogenicity. Experimental structure determination has proven extremely difficult with only a handful of NMR-based models proposed, suggesting a need for computational methods. We present AmyloidMutants, a statistical mechanics approach for de novo prediction and analysis of wild-type and mutant amyloid structures. Based on the premise of protein mutational landscapes, AmyloidMutants energetically quantifies the effects of sequence mutation on fibril conformation and stability. Tested on non-mutant, full-length amyloid structures with known chemical shift data, AmyloidMutants offers roughly 2-fold improvement in prediction accuracy over existing tools. Moreover, AmyloidMutants is the only method to predict complete super-secondary structures, enabling accurate discrimination of topologically dissimilar amyloid conformations that correspond to the same sequence locations. Applied to mutant prediction, AmyloidMutants identifies a global conformational switch between Aβ and its highly-toxic 'Iowa' mutant in agreement with a recent experimental model based on partial chemical shift data. Predictions on mutant, yeast-toxic strains of HET-s suggest similar alternate folds. When applied to HET-s and a HET-s mutant with core asparagines replaced by glutamines (both highly amyloidogenic chemically similar residues abundant in many amyloids), AmyloidMutants surprisingly predicts a greatly reduced capacity of the glutamine mutant to form amyloid. We confirm this finding by conducting mutagenesis experiments. Our tool is publically available on the web at http://amyloid.csail.mit.edu/. lindquist_admin@wi.mit.edu; bab@csail.mit.edu.
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Factors governing hole expansion ratio of steel sheets with smooth sheared edge
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Yoon, Jae Ik; Jung, Jaimyun; Lee, Hak Hyeon; Kim, Gyo-Sung; Kim, Hyoung Seop
2016-11-01
Stretch-flangeability measured using hole expansion test (HET) represents the ability of a material to form into a complex shaped component. Despite its importance in automotive applications of advanced high strength steels, stretch-flangeability is a less known sheet metal forming property. In this paper, we investigate the factors governing hole expansion ratio (HER) by means of tensile test and HET. We correlate a wide range of tensile properties with HERs of steel sheet specimens because the stress state in the hole edge region during the HET is almost the same as that of the uniaxial tensile test. In order to evaluate an intrinsic HER of steel sheet specimens, the initial hole of the HET specimen is produced using a milling process after punching, which can remove accumulated shearing damage and micro-void in the hole edge region that is present when using the standard HER evaluation method. It was found that the intrinsic HER of steel sheet specimens was proportional to the strain rate sensitivity exponent and post uniform elongation.
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NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Rakoczy, John; Whitaker, Ann F. (Technical Monitor)
2001-01-01
NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center, in collaboration with Blue Line Engineering of Colorado Springs, Colorado, is developing a Segment Alignment Maintenance System (SAMS) for McDonald Observatory's Hobby-Eberly Telescope (HET). The SAMS shall sense motions of the 91 primary mirror segments and send corrections to HET's primary mirror controller as the mirror segments misalign due to thermo-elastic deformations of the mirror support structure. The SAMS consists of inductive edge sensors supplemented by inclinometers for global radius of curvature sensing. All measurements are sent to the SAMS computer where mirror motion corrections are calculated. In October 2000, a prototype SAMS was installed on a seven-segment cluster of the HET. Subsequent testing has shown that the SAMS concept and architecture are a viable practical approach to maintaining HET's primary mirror figure, or the figure of any large segmented telescope. This paper gives a functional description of the SAMS sub-array components and presents test data to characterize the performance of the sub-array SAMS.
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NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Rakoczy, John; Hall, Drew; Howard, Ricky; Ly, William; Weir, John; Montgomery, Edward; Brantley, Lott W. (Technical Monitor)
2002-01-01
The Segment Alignment Maintenance System (SAMs) was installed on McDonald Observatory's Hobby-Eberly Telescope (HET) in August 2001. The SAMs became fully operational in October 2001. The SAMs uses a system of 480 inductive edge sensors to correct misalignments of the HET's 91 primary mirror segments when the segments are perturbed from their aligned reference positions. A special observer estimated and corrects for the global radius of curvature (GroC) mode, a mode unobservable by the edge sensors. The SAMs edge sensor system and (GroC) estimator are able to maintain HET's primary figure for much longer durations than previously had been observed. Telescope image quality has improved, and the amount of overhead time required from primary mirror alignment has been reduced. This paper gives a functional description of the SAMs control system and presents performance verification data. This paper also describes how the SAMs has improved the operational efficiency of the HET.
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The High Energy Telescopes for the STEREO Mission
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
von Rosenvinge, T.T.; Cummings, A.C.; Leske, R.A.; Mewaldt, R.A.; Reames, D.V.; Stone, E.C.; Wiedenbeck, M.E.
We describe the High Energy Telescopes (HETs), which are part of the IMPACT investigation for the STEREO mission (Principal Investigator: Janet Luhmann, University of California at Berkeley). The two STEREO spacecraft were launched from Cape Canaveral, FL on October 25, 2006. High energy electrons (~ 0.7 -6 MeV) and nuclei from hydrogen to iron (~ 13 - 200 MeV/nucleon) are detected by the HETs, one on each spacecraft. Observations from one pass through the Earth’s magnetosphere and from four X-class solar events in December, 2006 are presented to illustrate the capabilities of the HETs. The HET observations are also compared with observations from other spacecraft. The event of December 13th was the first Ground Level Event in almost two years. We will compare the elemental composition of this event with that of the previous Ground Level Event on January 20, 2005. This work was supported by NASA (at Caltech and JPL under contract NAS5-00133 and grant NAG5-12929).
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The High Energy Telescopes for the STEREO Mission
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
von Rosenvinge, T.; Cummings, A.; Cohen, C.; Leske, R.; Mewaldt, R.; Stone, E.; Wiedenbeck, M.
2007-05-01
The High Energy Telescopes (HETs) described in this paper are part of the IMPACT investigation for the STEREO mission (Principal Investigator: Janet Luhmann, University of California at Berkeley). The two STEREO spacecraft were launched from Cape Canaveral, FL on October 25, 2006. High energy electrons (~ 0.7 -6 MeV) and nuclei from hydrogen to iron (~ 13 - 200 MeV/nucleon) are detected by the HETs, one on each spacecraft. The HET design, the associated electronics, and the on-board software are described in some detail. Observations from one pass through the Earth's magnetosphere and from four X-class solar events in December, 2006 are presented to illustrate the capabilities of the HETs. The event of December 13th was a Ground Level Event. We will compare the elemental composition of this event with that of a previous Ground Level Event on January 20, 2005. This work was supported by NASA (at Caltech and JPL under contract NAS5-00133).
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Beam-dynamic effects at the CMS BRIL van der Meer scans
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Babaev, A.
2018-03-01
The CMS Beam Radiation Instrumentation and Luminosity Project (BRIL) is responsible for the simulation and measurement of luminosity, beam conditions and radiation fields in the CMS experiment. The project is engaged in operating and developing new detectors (luminometers), adequate for the experimental conditions associated with high values of instantaneous luminosity delivered by the CERN LHC . BRIL operates several detectors based on different physical principles and technologies. Precise and accurate measurements of the delivered luminosity is of paramount importance for the CMS physics program. The absolute calibration of luminosity is achieved by the van der Meer method, which is carried out under specially tailored conditions. This paper presents models used to simulate of beam-dynamic effects arising due to the electromagnetic interaction of colliding bunches. These effects include beam-beam deflection and dynamic-β effect. Both effects are important to luminosity measurements and influence calibration constants at the level of 1-2%. The simulations are carried out based on 2016 CMS van der Meer scan data for proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV.
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Thomas, Alain
The Cynon Valley Project in Wales, United Kingdom, used funding from the Save the Children Fund and the Bernard van Leer Foundation to address consequences of economic decline in the two communities of Fernhill and Perthcelyn. The project's focus was on early childhood education and community development. Though starting at about the same time and…
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1982-04-30
Nuclear Test Operations South Atlantic ARGUS Christofilos Theory FLORAL ARGUS Effect JASON Van Allen Belts Nuclear Test Personnel Review (MTPR) MIDAS ...precluded radiological exposure. Project 7.3 -- Surface Measurements (Project MIDAS ) Agencies: This project, code-named MIDAS for security reasons, was...weapon casings, but these personnel were badged and equipped with ten self-reading pocket dosimeters as well as alpha-detection equipment provided by the
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Economic Education Experiences of Enterprising Teachers. Volume 31.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Nappi, Andrew T., Ed.
This book describes award-winning teacher-developed projects and courses in economics. The reports are condensed versions of the original projects and are divided into grade levels. Primary Level includes: "Primary Pickle People Packed a Peck of Pickle Economics" (Karen L. Cragg; Katherine J. Van Horn); "Fabulous Economics" (Elizabeth B.…
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Chevanne, Damien; Saupe, Sven J; Clavé, Corinne; Paoletti, Mathieu
2010-05-06
Genes involved in non-self recognition and host defence are typically capable of rapid diversification and exploit specialized genetic mechanism to that end. Fungi display a non-self recognition phenomenon termed heterokaryon incompatibility that operates when cells of unlike genotype fuse and leads to the cell death of the fusion cell. In the fungus Podospora anserina, three genes controlling this allorecognition process het-d, het-e and het-r are paralogs belonging to the same hnwd gene family. HNWD proteins are STAND proteins (signal transduction NTPase with multiple domains) that display a WD-repeat domain controlling recognition specificity. Based on genomic sequence analysis of different P. anserina isolates, it was established that repeat regions of all members of the gene family are extremely polymorphic and undergoing concerted evolution arguing for frequent recombination within and between family members. Herein, we directly analyzed the genetic instability and diversification of this allorecognition gene family. We have constituted a collection of 143 spontaneous mutants of the het-R (HNWD2) and het-E (hnwd5) genes with altered recognition specificities. The vast majority of the mutants present rearrangements in the repeat arrays with deletions, duplications and other modifications as well as creation of novel repeat unit variants. We investigate the extreme genetic instability of these genes and provide a direct illustration of the diversification strategy of this eukaryotic allorecognition gene family.
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Food Literacy at Secondary Schools in Australia
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Ronto, Rimante; Ball, Lauren; Pendergast, Donna; Harris, Neil D.
2016-01-01
Background: Food literacy can encourage adolescents to develop healthy dietary patterns. This study examined home economics teachers' (HET) perspectives of the importance, curriculum, self-efficacy, and food environments regarding food literacy in secondary schools in Australia. Methods: A 20-item cross-sectional survey was completed by 205 HETs.…
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Design and Development of a Configurable Fault-Tolerant Processor (CFTP) for Space Applications
2003-06-01
Slot Region BIRA/ IASB Figure 5. Van Allen Belts (After Ref. [20].) 17 The trapped particles in the Van Allen Belts include electrons trapped in...the most sig- nificant role in the failure of electronic equipment in orbit. There exists a wide range of these circuit-crippling events, including...such, the goals of the CFTP project are the most rigorous constraints applied on the design process, and are what will ensure its future role as an
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
1999
The Resource Families project experiments with new ways of meeting information, support, and assistance needs of Italian families with infants and defines new directions and procedures to inform the development of regional social policies in Italy. The project, funded through the Bernard van Leer Foundation and managed by ISPES (Instituto per la…
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Optical Time Domain Reflectometry Fiber Studies.
1982-11-01
Rourke F19628-79- C -0172H.W. Yen 9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AN AOORESS 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT. PROJECT. TASK Hughes...POLARIZER ’ ". .PIGTAI L /- SPATIAL l a o u L2 UNDER TEST PU LSED -’ NJ5ECTIONj: L """ LASE R Onl t het c DETECTOR t..red.signal..i..sent..to.the..detector...OTDR. 61 6 t OTOR SIGNATURE 0- Z OF WAVEGUIDE 791009-3a > O 0 C < 2 2 0 z 15 -- 10 co S 5 0 0 0 200 400 600 800 1000 POSITION ALONG WAEUDm Figure 20.
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The Sacred Child Project: A New Definition of "Formal" Services.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Eagle, John; Painte, Deborah; Paulson, Susan; Young Bird, Mike
1999-01-01
Reviews the Sacred Child Project in North Dakota, a tribally developed version of the wraparound process. The effort combines contemporary human services with the spiritual and cultural wisdom of the tribes. The article is based on an interview and conversation between the authors and John VanDenBerg, a wraparound consultant. (Author/GCP)
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Braunstein, Jean; Janky, James M.
This paper describes the network coordination for the Health, Education, Telecommunications (HET) system. Specifically, it discusses HET network performance as a function of a specially-developed coordination system which was designed to link terrestrial equipment to satellite operations centers. Because all procedures and equipment developed for…
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Supporting Dynamic Spectrum Access in Heterogeneous LTE+ Networks
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Luiz A. DaSilva; Ryan E. Irwin; Mike Benonis
As early as 2014, mobile network operators’ spectral capac- ity is expected to be overwhelmed by the demand brought on by new devices and applications. With Long Term Evo- lution Advanced (LTE+) networks likely as the future one world 4G standard, network operators may need to deploy a Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) overlay in Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets) to extend coverage, increase spectrum efficiency, and increase the capacity of these networks. In this paper, we propose three new management frameworks for DSA in an LTE+ HetNet: Spectrum Accountability Client, Cell Spectrum Management, and Domain Spectrum Man- agement. For these spectrum managementmore » frameworks, we define protocol interfaces and operational signaling scenar- ios to support cooperative sensing, spectrum lease manage- ment, and alarm scenarios for rule adjustment. We also quan- tify, through integer programs, the benefits of using DSA in an LTE+ HetNet, that can opportunistically reuse vacant TV and GSM spectrum. Using integer programs, we consider a topology using Geographic Information System data from the Blacksburg, VA metro area to assess the realistic benefits of DSA in an LTE+ HetNet.« less
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De Rosa, Anna; Pellegrino, Teresa; Pappatà, Sabina; Pellecchia, Maria Teresa; Peluso, Silvio; Saccà, Francesco; Barone, Paolo; Cuocolo, Alberto; De Michele, Giuseppe
2017-02-01
PARK2 is an autosomal recessive parkinsonism caused by parkin gene mutations. Several Parkinson's Disease (PD) cases harbor single parkin mutations, raising a debate about the pathogenic meaning of heterozygous mutations. Here, we evaluate cardiac autonomic innervation in patients with either two or one parkin mutations compared to patients with idiopathic PD (IPD). Myocardial 123 I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy was performed in six PD patients with single parkin mutations (HET), four with two mutations (PARK2), and eight with IPD. In comparison to control group, IPD patients showed lower early and late heart-to-mediastinum (H/M) ratios and higher washout rates, whereas HET patients had only lower early H/M ratio, and PARK2 patients were not different for any parameter. At individual level, MIBG findings were abnormal in 7/8 IPD, in 4/6 HET and in 1/4 PARK2 patients. Preserved cardiac 123 I-MIBG uptake confirms that PARK2 pathogenic mechanism, at least partially, differs from that responsible for IPD. HET subjects show intermediate findings, suggesting possible heterogeneity.
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Vibrational Spectroscopy on Photoexcited Dye-Sensitized Films via Pump-Degenerate Four-Wave Mixing.
Abraham, Baxter; Fan, Hao; Galoppini, Elena; Gundlach, Lars
2018-03-01
Molecular sensitization of semiconductor films is an important technology for energy and environmental applications including solar energy conversion, photocatalytic hydrogen production, and water purification. Dye-sensitized films are also scientifically complex and interesting systems with a long history of research. In most applications, photoinduced heterogeneous electron transfer (HET) at the molecule/semiconductor interface is of critical importance, and while great progress has been made in understanding HET, many open questions remain. Of particular interest is the role of combined electronic and vibrational effects and coherence of the dye during HET. The ultrafast nature of the process, the rapid intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution, and vibrational cooling present complications in the study of vibronic coupling in HET. We present the application of a time domain vibrational spectroscopy-pump-degenerate four-wave mixing (pump-DFWM)-to dye-sensitized solid-state semiconductor films. Pump-DFWM can measure Raman-active vibrational modes that are triggered by excitation of the sample with an actinic pump pulse. Modifications to the instrument for solid-state samples and its application to an anatase TiO 2 film sensitized by a Zn-porphyrin dye are discussed. We show an effective combination of experimental techniques to overcome typical challenges in measuring solid-state samples with laser spectroscopy and observe molecular vibrations following HET in a picosecond time window. The cation spectrum of the dye shows modes that can be assigned to the linker group and a mode that is localized on the Zn-phorphyrin chromophore and that is connected to photoexcitation.
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Lamb, R J; Daws, L C
2013-10-01
Low serotonin function is associated with alcoholism, leading to speculation that increasing serotonin function could decrease ethanol consumption. Mice with one or two deletions of the serotonin transporter (SERT) gene have increased extracellular serotonin. To examine the relationship between SERT genotype and motivation for alcohol, we compared ethanol self-administration in mice with zero (knockout, KO), one (HET) or two copies (WT) of the SERT gene. All three genotypes learned to self-administer ethanol. The SSRI, fluvoxamine, decreased responding for ethanol in the HET and WT, but not the KO mice. When tested under a progressive ratio schedule, KO mice had lower breakpoints than HET or WT. As work requirements were increased across sessions, behavioral economic analysis of ethanol self-administration indicated that the decreased breakpoint in KO as compared to HET or WT mice was a result of lower levels of unconstrained demand, rather than differences in elasticity, i.e. the proportional decreases in ethanol earned with increasing work requirements were similar across genotypes. The difference in unconstrained demand was unlikely to result from motor or general motivational factors, as both WT and KO mice responded at high levels for a 50% condensed milk solution. As elasticity is hypothesized to measure essential value, these results indicate that KO value ethanol similarly to WT or HET mice despite having lower break points for ethanol. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd and International Behavioural and Neural Genetics Society.
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NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Hall, Drew P.; Ly, William; Howard, Richard T.; Weir, John; Rakoczy, John; Roe, Fred (Technical Monitor)
2002-01-01
The software development for an upgrade to the Hobby-Eberly Telescope (HET) was done in LABView. In order to improve the performance of the HET at the McDonald Observatory, a closed-loop system had to be implemented to keep the mirror segments aligned during periods of observation. The control system, called the Segment Alignment Maintenance System (SAMs), utilized inductive sensors to measure the relative motions of the mirror segments. Software was developed in LABView to tie the sensors, operator interface, and mirror-control motors together. Developing the software in LABView allowed the system to be flexible, understandable, and able to be modified by the end users. Since LABView is built using block diagrams, the software naturally followed the designed control system's block and flow diagrams, and individual software blocks could be easily verified. LABView's many built-in display routines allowed easy visualization of diagnostic and health-monitoring data during testing. Also, since LABView is a multi-platform software package, different programmers could develop the code remotely on various types of machines. LABView s ease of use facilitated rapid prototyping and field testing. There were some unanticipated difficulties in the software development, but the use of LABView as the software "language" for the development of SAMs contributed to the overall success of the project.
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Yu, Zhenhua; Li, Ao; Wang, Minghui
2017-03-15
Copy number alterations (CNA) and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) represent a large proportion of genetic structural variations of cancer genomes. These aberrations are continuously accumulated during the procedure of clonal evolution and patterned by phylogenetic branching. This invariably results in the emergence of multiple cell populations with distinct complement of mutational landscapes in tumor sample. With the advent of next-generation sequencing technology, inference of subclonal populations has become one of the focused interests in cancer-associated studies, and is usually based on the assessment of combinations of somatic single-nucleotide variations (SNV), CNA and LOH. However, cancer samples often have several inherent issues, such as contamination of normal stroma, tumor aneuploidy and intra-tumor heterogeneity. Addressing these critical issues is imperative for accurate profiling of clonal architecture. We present CLImAT-HET, a computational method designed for capturing clonal diversity in the CNA/LOH dimensions by taking into account the intra-tumor heterogeneity issue, in the case where a reference or matched normal sample is absent. The algorithm quantitatively represents the clonal identification problem using a factorial hidden Markov model, and takes an integrated analysis of read counts and allele frequency data. It is able to infer subclonal CNA and LOH events as well as the fraction of cells harboring each event. The results on simulated datasets indicate that CLImAT-HET has high power to identify CNA/LOH segments, it achieves an average accuracy of 0.87. It can also accurately infer proportion of each clonal population with an overall Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.99 and a mean absolute error of 0.02. CLImAT-HET shows significant advantages when compared with other existing methods. Application of CLImAT-HET to 5 primary triple negative breast cancer samples demonstrates its ability to capture clonal diversity in the CAN/LOH dimensions. It detects two clonal populations in one sample, and three clonal populations in one other sample. CLImAT-HET, a novel algorithm is introduced to infer CNA/LOH segments from heterogeneous tumor samples. We demonstrate CLImAT-HET's ability to accurately recover clonal compositions using tumor WGS data without a match normal sample.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Häuser, Marco; Richter, Josef; Kriel, Herman; Turbyfill, Amanda; Buetow, Brent; Ward, Michael
2016-07-01
Together with the ongoing major instrument upgrade of the Hobby-Eberly Telescope (HET) we present the planned upgrade of the HET Segment Control System (SCS) to SCS2. Because HET's primary mirror is segmented into 91 individual 1-meter hexagonal mirrors, the SCS is essential to maintain the mirror alignment throughout an entire night of observations. SCS2 will complete tip, tilt and piston corrections of each mirror segment at a significantly higher rate than the original SCS. The new motion control hardware will further increase the system's reliability. The initial optical measurements of this array are performed by the Mirror Alignment Recovery System (MARS) and the HET Extra Focal Instrument (HEFI). Once the segments are optically aligned, the inductive edge sensors give sub-micron precise feedback of each segment's positions relative to its adjacent segments. These sensors are part of the Segment Alignment Maintenance System (SAMS) and are responsible for providing information about positional changes due to external influences, such as steep temperature changes and mechanical stress, and for making compensatory calculations while tracking the telescope on sky. SCS2 will use the optical alignment systems and SAMS inputs to command corrections of every segment in a closed loop. The correction period will be roughly 30 seconds, mostly due to the measurement and averaging process of the SAMS algorithm. The segment actuators will be controlled by the custom developed HET Segment MOtion COntroller (SMOCO). It is a direct descendant of University Observatory Munich's embedded, CAN-based system and instrument control tool-kit. To preserve the existing HET hardware layout, each SMOCO will control two adjacent mirror segments. Unlike the original SCS motor controllers, SMOCO is able to drive all six axes of its two segments at the same time. SCS2 will continue to allow for sub-arcsecond precision in tip and tilt as well as sub-micro meter precision in piston. These estimations are based on the current performance of the segment support mechanics. SMOCO's smart motion control allows for on-the-y correction of the move targets. Since SMOCO uses state-of-the-art motion control electronics and embedded decentralized controllers, we expect reduction in thermal emission as well as less maintenance time.
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Chetley, Andrew
In 1977, the Bernard van Leer Foundation began supporting a project in Colombia that had the objective of improving the quality of early childhood care and education in a small village. The Costa Atlantica project offered an approach to development that was based on community organization, social management, participation, cooperation, popular…
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Wang, Juan; Huang, Shujuan; Xing, Lingxiao; Cui, Jinfeng; Tian, Ziqiang; Shen, Haitao; Jiang, Xiujuan; Yan, Xia; Wang, Junling; Zhang, Xianghong
2015-11-01
Sterigmatocystin (ST), a mycotoxin commonly found in food and feed commodities, has been classified as a "possible human carcinogen." Our previous studies suggested that ST exposure might be a risk factor for esophageal cancer and that ST may induce DNA damage and G2 phase arrest in immortalized human esophageal epithelial cells (Het-1A). To further confirm and explore the cellular responses of ST in human esophageal epithelia, we comparatively evaluated DNA damage, cell cycle distribution and the relative mechanisms in primary cultured human esophageal epithelial cells (EPC), which represent a more representative model of the in vivo state, and Het-1A cells. In this study, we found that ST could induce DNA damage in both EPC and Het-1A cells but led to G1 phase arrest in EPC cells and G2 phase arrest in Het-1A cells. Furthermore, our results indicated that the activation of the ATM-Chk2 pathway was involved in ST-induced G1 phase arrest in EPC cells, whereas the p53-p21 pathway activation in ST-induced G2 phase arrest in Het-1A cells. Studies have demonstrated that SV40 large T-antigen (SV40LT) may disturb cell cycle progression by inactivating some of the proteins involved in the G1/S checkpoint. Het-1A is a non-cancerous epithelial cell line immortalized by SV40LT. To evaluate the possible perturbation effect of SV40LT on ST-induced cell cycle disturbance in Het-1A cells, we knocked down SV40LT of Het-1A cells with siRNA and found that under this condition, ST-induced G2 arrest was significantly attenuated, whereas the proportion of cells in the G1 phase was significantly increased. Furthermore, SV40LT-siRNA also inhibited the activation of the p53-p21 signaling pathway induced by ST. In conclusion, our data indicated that ST could induce DNA damage in both primary cultured and immortalized esophageal epithelial cells. In primary human esophageal epithelial cells, ST induced DNA damage and then triggered the ATM-Chk2 pathway, resulting in G1 phase arrest, whereas in SV40LT-immortalized human esophageal epithelial cells, SV40LT-mediated G1 checkpoint inactivation occurred, and ST-DNA damage activated p53-p21 signaling pathway, up-regulating G2/M phase regulatory proteins and finally leading to a G2 phase arrest. Thus, the SV40LT-mediated G1 checkpoint inactivation is responsible for the difference in the cell cycle arrest by ST between immortalized and primary cultured human esophageal epithelial cells.
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High Resolution Spectrograph for the Hobby-Eberly Telescope
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Tull, R. G.; MacQueen, P. J.; Good, J.; Epps, H. W.; HET HRS Team
1998-12-01
A fiber fed high-resolution spectrograph (HRS) is under construction for the Hobby-Eberly Telescope (HET). The primary resolving power originally specified, from astrophysical considerations, was R = 60,000 with a fiber of diameter at least 1 arc-second, with full spectral coverage limited only by the combined band-pass of the HET, the optical fiber, and the image detector. This was achieved in the final design with a high blaze angle R-4 echelle mosaic, white pupil design, image slicing, and a large area CCD mosaic illuminated by an eight element refractive camera. Two back-to-back, user selectable first-order diffraction gratings are employed for cross dispersion, to separate echelle spectral orders; the entire spectral range (420 - 1,000 nm) can be covered in as few as two exposures. Critical issues addressed in the design are cross dispersion and order spacing, sky subtraction, echelle and CCD selection, fiber optic feed and scrambling, and image or pupil slicing. In the final design meeting the requirements we exploited the large-area 4096 square CCD, image slicing, and the optical performance of the white-pupil design to acquire a range of 30,000 < R < 120,000 with fibers of diameter 2 and 3 arc-seconds, without sacrificing full spectral coverage. Design details will be presented. Limiting magnitude is projected to be about V = 19 (for S/N = 10) at the nominal R = 60,000 resolving power. The poster display will outline performance characteristics expected in relation to projected astrophysical research capabilities outlined by Sneden et al., in this conference. HRS is supported by generous grants from NSF, NASA, the State of Texas, and private philanthropy, with matching funds granted by the University of Texas and by McDonald Observatory.
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78 FR 28947 - Fund Availability Under VA's Homeless Providers Grant and Per Diem Program (VANS)
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-05-16
... Certified Public Accountant (CPA) or letter from the United Way stating they are a member in good standing... cash and in-kind resources from other public (including Federal and State) and private sources that are... public transportation available to homeless veterans in your project. (b) Project location (e.g., is the...
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Shi, Yunming; Zhao, Weixing; Zhang, Wei; Ye, Zi; Zhao, Jindong
2006-07-25
Calcium ions are important to some prokaryotic cellular processes, such as heterocyst differentiation of cyanobacteria. Intracellular free Ca(2+)concentration, [Ca(2+)](i), increases several fold in heterocysts and is regulated by CcbP, a Ca(2+)-binding protein found in heterocyst-forming cyanobacteria. We demonstrate here that CcbP is degraded by HetR, a serine-type protease that controls heterocyst differentiation. The degradation depends on Ca(2+) and appears to be specific because HetR did not digest other tested proteins. CcbP was found to bind two Ca(2+) per molecule with K(D) values of 200 nM and 12.8 microM. Degradation of CcbP releases bound Ca(2+) that contributes significantly to the increase of [Ca(2+)](i) during the process of heterocyst differentiation in Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120. We suggest that degradation of CcbP is a mechanism of positive autoregulation of HetR. The down-regulation of ccbP in differentiating cells and mature heterocysts, which also is critical to the regulation of [Ca(2+)](i), depends on NtcA. Coexpression of ntcA and a ccbP promoter-controlled gfp in Escherichia coli diminished production of GFP, and the decrease is enhanced by alpha-ketoglutarate. It was also found that NtcA could bind a fragment of the ccbP promoter containing an NtcA-binding sequence in a alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent fashion. Therefore, [Ca(2+)](i) is regulated by a collaboration of HetR and NtcA in heterocyst differentiation in Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120.
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Shi, Yunming; Zhao, Weixing; Zhang, Wei; Ye, Zi; Zhao, Jindong
2006-01-01
Calcium ions are important to some prokaryotic cellular processes, such as heterocyst differentiation of cyanobacteria. Intracellular free Ca2+concentration, [Ca2+]i, increases several fold in heterocysts and is regulated by CcbP, a Ca2+-binding protein found in heterocyst-forming cyanobacteria. We demonstrate here that CcbP is degraded by HetR, a serine-type protease that controls heterocyst differentiation. The degradation depends on Ca2+ and appears to be specific because HetR did not digest other tested proteins. CcbP was found to bind two Ca2+ per molecule with KD values of 200 nM and 12.8 μM. Degradation of CcbP releases bound Ca2+ that contributes significantly to the increase of [Ca2+]i during the process of heterocyst differentiation in Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120. We suggest that degradation of CcbP is a mechanism of positive autoregulation of HetR. The down-regulation of ccbP in differentiating cells and mature heterocysts, which also is critical to the regulation of [Ca2+]i, depends on NtcA. Coexpression of ntcA and a ccbP promoter-controlled gfp in Escherichia coli diminished production of GFP, and the decrease is enhanced by α-ketoglutarate. It was also found that NtcA could bind a fragment of the ccbP promoter containing an NtcA-binding sequence in a α-ketoglutarate-dependent fashion. Therefore, [Ca2+]i is regulated by a collaboration of HetR and NtcA in heterocyst differentiation in Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120. PMID:16849429
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Adams, C E; Yonchek, J C; Schulz, K M; Graw, S L; Stitzel, J; Teschke, P U; Stevens, K E
2012-04-05
The α7* nicotinic acetylcholine receptor encoded by CHRNA7 (human)/Chrna7 (mice) regulates the release of both the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA and the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate in the hippocampal formation. A heterozygous (Het) deletion at 15q13.3 containing CHRNA7 is associated with increased risk for schizophrenia, autism, and epilepsy. Each of these diseases are characterized by abnormalities in excitatory and inhibitory hippocampal circuit function. Reduced Chrna7 expression results in decreased hippocampal α7* receptor density, abnormal hippocampal auditory sensory processing, and increased hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neuron activity in C3H mice Het for a null mutation in Chrna7. These abnormalities demonstrate that decreased Chrna7 expression alters hippocampal inhibitory circuit function. The current study examined the specific impact of reduced Chrna7 expression on hippocampal inhibitory circuits by measuring the levels of GABA, GABA(A) receptors, the GABA synthetic enzyme l-glutamic acid decarboxylase-65 (GAD-65), and the vesicular GABA transporter 1 (GAT-1) in wild-type (Chrna7 +/+) and Het (Chrna7 +/-) C3H α7 mice of both genders. GAD-65 levels were significantly decreased in male and female Het C3H α7 mice, whereas GABA(A) receptors were significantly reduced only in male Het C3H α7 mice. No changes in GABA and GAT-1 levels were detected. These data suggest that reduced CHRNA7 expression may contribute to the abnormalities in hippocampal inhibitory circuits observed in schizophrenia, autism, and/or epilepsy. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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Synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of new, unsymmetrical triaryl bisamidine compounds
Nguyen, Son T.; Williams, John D.; Butler, Michelle M.; Ding, Xiaoyuan; Mills, Debra M.; Tashjian, Tommy F.; Panchal, Rekha G.; Weir, Susan K.; Moon, Chaeho; Kim, Hwa-Ok; Marsden, Jeremiah; Peet, Norton P.; Bowlin, Terry L.
2014-01-01
Herein we describe the synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of a new, unsymmetrical triaryl bisamidine compound series, [Am]-[indole]-[linker]-[HetAr/Ar]-[Am], in which [Am] is an amidine or amino group, [linker] is a benzene, thiophene or pyridine ring, and [HetAr/Ar] is a benzimidazole, imidazopyridine, benzofuran, benzothiophene, pyrimidine or benzene ring. When the [HetAr/Ar] unit is a 5,6-bicyclic heterocycle, it is oriented such that the 5-membered ring portion is connected to the [linker] unit and the 6-membered ring portion is connected to the [Am] unit. Among the 34 compounds in this series, compounds with benzofuran as the [HetAr/Ar] unit showed the highest potencies. Introduction of a fluorine atom or a methyl group to the triaryl core led to the more potent analogs. Bisamidines are more active toward bacteria while the monoamidines are more active toward mammalian cells (as indicated by low CC50 values). Importantly, we identified compound P12a (MBX 1887) with a relatively narrow spectrum against bacteria and a very high CC50 value. Compound P12a has been scaled up and is currently undergoing further evaluations for therapeutic applications. PMID:24969013
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Graphene-on-GaN Hot Electron Transistor
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Zubair, Ahmad; Nourbakhsh, Amirhasan; Hong, Jin-Yong; Song, Yi; Qi, Meng; Jena, Debdeep; Kong, Jing; Dresselhaus, Mildred S.; Palacios, Tomas
Hot electron transistors (HETs) are promising devices for potential high-frequency operation that currently CMOS cannot provide. In an HET, carrier transport is due to the injection of hot electrons from an emitter to a collector which is modulated by a base electrode. Therefore, ultra-thin base electrodes are needed to facilitate ultra-short transit time and high performance for THz operation range. In this regard, graphene, the thinnest conductive membrane in nature, is considered the best candidate for the base material in HETs. The existing HETs with SiO2/Si as emitter stack suffer from low current gain and output current density. In this work, we use the two-dimensional electron gas (2-DEG) in a GaN-based heterostructure as emitter and monolayer graphene as the base electrode. The transport study of the proof-of-concept device shows high output current density (>50 A/cm2) , current gain (>3) and ballistic injection efficiency of 75%. These results indicate that performance parameters can be further improved by engineering the band offset of the graphene/collector stack and improved interface between graphene and GaN. Army Research Office (ARO) (Grant Nos. W911NF-14-2-0071, 6930265, and 6930861).
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Development of the Kiel sensors for the EPD instrument on-board Solar Orbiter
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Martin, Cesar; Wimmer-Schweingruber, Robert F.; Kulkarni, Shrinivasrao R.; Tammen, Jan; Terasa, Christoph; Yu, Jia; Boden, Sebastian; Steinhagen, Jan; Panitzsch, Lauri; Ravanbakhsh, Ali; Boettcher, Stephan; Hamann, Christian; Seimetz, Lars; Rodriguez-Pacheco, Javier
2015-04-01
Solar Orbiter is ESA's next solar and heliospheric mission, planned for launch in January 2017 and approaching the Sun as close as 0.28 AU. One of the Solar Orbiter's scientific questions is "How do the solar eruptions produce energetic particle radiation that fills the heliosphere?". The Energetic Particle Detector (EPD) will provide key measurements for this and the other Solar Orbiter science objectives. The EPD suite consists of four sensors measuring electrons, protons, and ions from helium to iron, and operating at partly overlapping energy ranges from 2 keV/n up to 200 MeV/n. The EPD sensors are: SupraThermal Electrons and Protons(STEP), Suprathermal Ion Spectrograph (SIS), Electron Proton Telescope (EPT) and High Energy Telescope (HET). Besides, the EPD sensors share the Instrument Control Unit (ICU). The University of Kiel in Germany is responsible for developing the EPT-HET, STEP and SIS sensors. Here we present the development status of the EPT-HET and STEP sensors focusing on the activities planned for the current phase C. Those activities include results of the integration and EMC tests on the EPT-HET and STEP Engineering Model (EM) and the assembly of the Proto Qualification Model (PQM).
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Development of the Kiel sensors for the EPD instrument on-board Solar Orbiter
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Martin, Cesar; Wimmer-Schweingruber, Robert F.; Kulkarni, Shrinivasrao R.; Tammen, Jan; Terasa, Christoph; Yu, Jia; Boden, Sebastian; Steinhagen, Jan; Panitzsch, Lauri; Ravanbakhsh, Ali; Boettcher, Stephan; Hamann, Christian; Seimetz, Lars; Rodriguez-Pacheco, Javier
2014-05-01
Solar Orbiter is ESA's next solar and heliospheric mission, planned for launch in January 2017 and approaching the Sun as close as 0.28 AU. One of the Solar Orbiter's scientific questions is "How do the solar eruptions produce energetic particle radiation that fills the heliosphere?". The Energetic Particle Detector (EPD) will provide key measurements for this and the other Solar Orbiter science objectives. The EPD suite consists of four sensors measuring electrons, protons, and ions from helium to iron, and operating at partly overlapping energy ranges from 2 keV/n up to 200 MeV/n. The EPD sensors are: SupraThermal Electrons and Protons(STEP), Suprathermal Ion Spectrograph (SIS), Electron Proton Telescope (EPT) and High Energy Telescope (HET). Besides, the EPD sensors share the Instrument Control Unit (ICU). The University of Kiel in Germany is responsible for developing the EPT-HET, STEP and SIS sensors. Here we present the development status of the EPT-HET and STEP sensors focusing on the activities planned for the current phase C. Those activities include results of the environmental tests on the EPT-HET Structural Thermal Model (STM) and the assembly of the Engineering Model (EM).
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Global Radius of Curvature Estimation and Control for the Hobby-Eberly Telescope
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Rakoczy, John; Hall, Drew; Howard, Ricky; Ly, William; Weir, John; Montgomery, Edward; Brantley, Lott W. (Technical Monitor)
2002-01-01
A system, which estimates the global radius of curvature (GroC) and corrects for changes in GroC on a segmented primary mirror has been developed for and verified on McDonald Observatory's Hobby Eberly Telescope (HET). The GroC estimation and control system utilizes HET's primary mirror control (PMC) system and the Segment Alignment Maintenance System (SAMS), an inductive edge sensor system. A special set of boundary conditions is applied to the derivation of the optimal edge match control. The special boundary conditions allow the further derivation of an observer, which enables estimation and control of the Groc mode to within HET's specification. The magnitude of the GroC mode can then be controlled despite the inability of the SAMS edge sensor system, by itself, to observe or control the GroC mode. The observer can be extended to any segmented mirror telescope. It will be shown that the observer improves with accuracy as the number of segments increases. This paper presents the mathematical theory of the observer. Simulation results will demonstrate the inherent accuracy and robustness of the system. Performance verification data from the HET will be presented.
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Operation BUSTER. Project 8.2. Air Weather Service Participation in Operation BUSTER
1951-12-31
Nearest precipitation, acattered ahoware 55u milea to Northeast* HnOHT OROöND ZEROt U, l53 »li ft MSL. HEIQHT OP BÜRSTi 5,311«U ft MSL FRESSÖRE...17 270 27 63 MERCURY WEATHER STATION AEC TEST SITE US VEGAS, N’EVADA •*IND DATA SHEET PATE 22 Octob«r 1951 BEATTY, NEVADA TD /E 220e Z...WIND DATA SHEET TOROPAH, HET/ADA TD - ^ 0300 Z 330P 3£HäE (knots) 15 350 16 010 15 030 13 130 12 050 16 050 29 050 31 060 30 060 30 070 37
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McKenzie, Barbara; Kay, Graeme; Matthews, Kerr H; Knott, Rachel M; Cairns, Donald
2015-07-25
A modified hen's egg chorioallantoic membrane (HET-CAM) test has been developed, combining ImageJ analysis with Adobe(®) Photoshop(®). The irritation potential of an ophthalmic medicine can be quantified using this method, by monitoring damage to blood vessels. The evaluation of cysteamine containing hyaluronate gel is reported. The results demonstrated that the novel gel formulation is non-irritant to the ocular tissues, in line with saline solution (negative control). In conclusion, the modification of the established HET-CAM test can quantify the damage to minute blood vessels. These results offer the possibility to formulate cysteamine in an ocular applicable gel formulation. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Janice VanCleave's Electricity: Mind-Boggling Experiments You Can Turn into Science Fair Projects.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
VanCleave, Janice
This book is designed to provide guidance and ideas for science projects to help students learn more about science as they search for answers to specific problems. The 20 topics on electricity in this book suggest many possible problems to solve. Each topic has one detailed experiment followed by a section that provides additional questions about…
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Tori, Masayuki
2014-03-01
Endoscopic thyroidectomy (ET) or robotic thyroidectomy is yet to be applied to thyroid carcinoma invasive to the trachea and to wide lymph node node metastasis. On the other hand, small-incision thyroidectomy lacks sufficient working space and clear vision. The author has newly developed hybrid-type endoscopic thyroidectomy (HET) to overcome these problems. From March 2011 to February 2012, HET was performed for 85 patients. Clinicopathologic characteristics were analyzed. To evaluate the superiority of HET for malignancy representatively, conventional lobectomy with central compartment node dissection (CCND) performed 1 year previously was compared with HET. In lobectomy and node dissection, a single skin incision (1.5 cm) is made above the clavicle, with a port incision (5 mm) made 3 cm below the clavicle. Then CCND is performed directly through the incision by lifting up the isthmus. To obtain sufficient working space for the lobectomy, the strap muscles are taped and pulled toward the head, then hung by the cradle. The thyroid lobe is retracted to the midline with a retractor, followed by isolation of the inferior laryngeal nerve and transection of the inferior thyroid vessels with the monitor of the scope. Lateral lymph nodes dissection can be performed at the same time, if necessary. In total thyroidectomy, the same procedure is performed at the opposite side. The scalpel can be used to shave through each incision in case of tracheal invasion. Of the 85 cases, 62 were malignant, involving papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), and 23 were benign. Total thyroidectomy was performed for 22 of the PTC cases and CCND for 49 of the cases. Shaving for tracheal invasion was performed for eight patients. No mortality, complications, recurrence, or metastasis was found 1-2 years after the operation. Compared with conventional thyroidectomy, HET was superior in blood loss, visual analog scale, and postoperative hospital stay. The author's method (Tori's method) might be less invasive, cosmetically excellent, and moreover, safe and feasible for differentiated thyroid carcinoma including invasion to the trachea.
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Wang, Minghui; Londo, Jason P.; Acharya, Charlotte B.; Mitchell, Sharon E.; Sun, Qi; Reisch, Bruce; Cadle-Davidson, Lance
2015-01-01
Genotyping by sequencing (GBS) provides opportunities to generate high-resolution genetic maps at a low genotyping cost, but for highly heterozygous species, missing data and heterozygote undercalling complicate the creation of GBS genetic maps. To overcome these issues, we developed a publicly available, modular approach called HetMappS, which functions independently of parental genotypes and corrects for genotyping errors associated with heterozygosity. For linkage group formation, HetMappS includes both a reference-guided synteny pipeline and a reference-independent de novo pipeline. The de novo pipeline can be utilized for under-characterized or high diversity families that lack an appropriate reference. We applied both HetMappS pipelines in five half-sib F1 families involving genetically diverse Vitis spp. Starting with at least 116,466 putative SNPs per family, the HetMappS pipelines identified 10,440 to 17,267 phased pseudo-testcross (Pt) markers and generated high-confidence maps. Pt marker density exceeded crossover resolution in all cases; up to 5,560 non-redundant markers were used to generate parental maps ranging from 1,047 cM to 1,696 cM. The number of markers used was strongly correlated with family size in both de novo and synteny maps (r = 0.92 and 0.91, respectively). Comparisons between allele and tag frequencies suggested that many markers were in tandem repeats and mapped as single loci, while markers in regions of more than two repeats were removed during map curation. Both pipelines generated similar genetic maps, and genetic order was strongly correlated with the reference genome physical order in all cases. Independently created genetic maps from shared parents exhibited nearly identical results. Flower sex was mapped in three families and correctly localized to the known sex locus in all cases. The HetMappS pipeline could have wide application for genetic mapping in highly heterozygous species, and its modularity provides opportunities to adapt portions of the pipeline to other family types, genotyping technologies or applications. PMID:26244767
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Barrientos, Genaro C.; Feng, Wei; Truong, Kim; Matthaei, Klaus I.; Yang, Tianzhong; Allen, Paul D.; Lopez, José R.; Pessah, Isaac N.
2012-01-01
Malignant hyperthermia susceptibility (MHS) is primarily conferred by mutations within ryanodine receptor type 1 (RYR1). Here we address how the MHS mutation T4826I within the S4-S5 linker influences excitation-contraction coupling and resting myoplasmic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]rest) in flexor digitorum brevis (FDB) and vastus lateralis prepared from heterozygous (Het) and homozygous (Hom) T4826I-RYR1 knock-in mice (Yuen, B. T., Boncompagni, S., Feng, W., Yang, T., Lopez, J. R., Matthaei, K. I., Goth, S. R., Protasi, F., Franzini-Armstrong, C., Allen, P. D., and Pessah, I. N. (2011) FASEB J. doi:22131268). FDB responses to electrical stimuli and acute halothane (0.1%, v/v) exposure showed a rank order of Hom ≫ Het ≫ WT. Release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and Ca2+ entry contributed to halothane-triggered increases in [Ca2+]rest in Hom FDBs and elicited pronounced Ca2+ oscillations in ∼30% of FDBs tested. Genotype contributed significantly elevated [Ca2+]rest (Hom > Het > WT) measured in vivo using ion-selective microelectrodes. Het and Hom oxygen consumption rates measured in intact myotubes using the Seahorse Bioscience (Billerica, MA) flux analyzer and mitochondrial content measured with MitoTracker were lower than WT, whereas total cellular calpain activity was higher than WT. Muscle membranes did not differ in RYR1 expression nor in Ser2844 phosphorylation among the genotypes. Single channel analysis showed highly divergent gating behavior with Hom and WT favoring open and closed states, respectively, whereas Het exhibited heterogeneous gating behaviors. [3H]Ryanodine binding analysis revealed a gene dose influence on binding density and regulation by Ca2+, Mg2+, and temperature. Pronounced abnormalities inherent in T4826I-RYR1 channels confer MHS and promote basal disturbances of excitation-contraction coupling, [Ca2+]rest, and oxygen consumption rates. Considering that both Het and Hom T4826I-RYR1 mice are viable, the remarkable isolated single channel dysfunction mediated through this mutation in S4-S5 cytoplasmic linker must be highly regulated in vivo. PMID:22139840
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Yuen, Benjamin; Boncompagni, Simona; Feng, Wei; Yang, Tianzhong; Lopez, Jose R.; Matthaei, Klaus I.; Goth, Samuel R.; Protasi, Feliciano; Franzini-Armstrong, Clara; Allen, Paul D.; Pessah, Isaac N.
2012-01-01
Mutation T4825I in the type 1 ryanodine receptor (RYR1T4825I/+) confers human malignant hyperthermia susceptibility (MHS). We report a knock-in mouse line that expresses the isogenetic mutation T4826I. Heterozygous RYR1T4826I/+ (Het) or homozygous RYR1T4826I/T4826I (Hom) mice are fully viable under typical rearing conditions but exhibit genotype- and sex-dependent susceptibility to environmental conditions that trigger MH. Hom mice maintain higher core temperatures than WT in the home cage, have chronically elevated myoplasmic[Ca2+]rest, and present muscle damage in soleus with a strong sex bias. Mice subjected to heat stress in an enclosed 37°C chamber fail to trigger MH regardless of genotype, whereas heat stress at 41°C invariably triggers fulminant MH in Hom, but not Het, mice within 20 min. WT and Het female mice fail to maintain euthermic body temperature when placed atop a bed whose surface is 37°C during halothane anesthesia (1.75%) and have no hyperthermic response, whereas 100% Hom mice of either sex and 17% of the Het males develop fulminant MH. WT mice placed on a 41°C bed maintain body temperature while being administered halothane, and 40% of the Het females and 100% of the Het males develop fulminant MH within 40 min. Myopathic alterations in soleus were apparent by 12 mo, including abnormally distributed and enlarged mitochondria, deeply infolded sarcolemma, and frequent Z-line streaming regions, which were more severe in males. These data demonstrate that an MHS mutation within the S4-S5 cytoplasmic linker of RYR1 confers genotype- and sex-dependent susceptibility to pharmacological and environmental stressors that trigger fulminant MH and promote myopathy.—Yuen, B., Boncompagni, S., Feng, W., Yang, T., Lopez, J. R., Matthaei, K. I., Goth, S. R., Protasi, F., Franzini-Armstrong, C., Allen, P. D., Pessah, I. N. Mice expressing T4826I-RYR1 are viable but exhibit sex- and genotype-dependent susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia and muscle damage. PMID:22131268
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Cervantes, Jesus Revuelta; Wojcik, Brandon M.; Parulkhar, Anshul; Mele, Alessandra; LoGerfo, Philip J.; Siracuse, Jeffrey J.; Csizmadia, Eva; da Silva, Cleide G.; Ferran, Christiane
2016-01-01
Background Inflammation is central to the pathogenesis of transplant arteriosclerosis (TA). We questioned whether physiologic levels of anti-inflammatory A20 influence TA severity. Methods We performed major histocompatibility complex (MHC) mismatched aorta to carotid artery interposition grafts, using wild type (WT) or A20 heterozygote (HET) C57BL/6 (H-2b) donors and BALB/c (H-2d) recipients, and conversely BALB/c donors and WT/HET recipients. We analyzed aortic allografts by histology, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and gene profiling (qPCR). We validated select in vivo A20 targets in human and mouse smooth muscle cell (SMC) cultures. Results We noted significantly greater intimal hyperplasia in HET vs. WT allografts, indicating aggravated TA. Inadequate upregulation of A20 in HET allografts after transplantation was associated with excessive NF-κB activation, gauged by higher levels of IκBα, p65, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, CXCL10, CCL2, TNF, and IL-6 (mostly localized to SMC). Correspondingly, cytokine-induced upregulation of TNF and IL-6 in human and mouse SMC cultures inversely correlated with A20 expression. Aggravated TA in HET vs. WT allografts correlated with increased intimal SMC proliferation, and a higher number of infiltrating IFNγ+ and Granzyme B+ CD4+ T cells and natural killer cells, and lower number of FoxP3+ regulatory T cells. A20 haploinsufficiency in allograft recipients did not influence TA. Conclusions A20 haploinsufficiency in vascular allografts aggravates lesions of TA by exacerbating inflammation, SMC proliferation, and infiltration of pathogenic T cells. A20 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associating with lower A20 expression or function in donors of vascularized allografts may inform risk and severity of TA, highlighting the clinical implications of our findings. PMID:27495763
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Nayak, Pratibha; Salazar, Laura F; Kota, Krishna K; Pechacek, Terry F
2017-11-01
Sexual minority (lesbian, gay, and bisexual [LGB]) populations experience disparities in cigarette use, but sparse evidence exists about novel and other alternative tobacco product use. In this study, we compared rates of novel and other alternative tobacco product use, risk perceptions, and worldview between LGB and heterosexual (HET) adults. An online survey administered in 2014-2015, using a weighted probability sample of 11,525 U.S. adults, assessed awareness of tobacco products; ever and current use of e-cigarettes, cigars, little cigars and cigarillos, and hookahs; perceptions of e-cigarettes; and worldview (individualism vs. communitarianism). Bivariate and adjusted multivariable analyses were performed to determine differences between LGB and HET groups. In the adjusted analyses, LGB adults were 1.5 times more likely to have ever used e-cigarettes (95% CI 1.2-1.9) and 1.9 times more likely to have ever used hookahs (95% CI 1.5-2.4) as compared to HET adults. A lower percentage of LGB adults, as compared to HET adults (16.7% vs. 19.2%), believed that exposure to vapors from e-cigarettes was "harmful" and reported that they "did not know" of any harm (35.1% vs. 39.8%). LGB were 20% less likely than were HET adults to endorse an individualistic worldview. These results suggest that a disparity exists, whereby LGB adults are more likely to have used e-cigarettes and hookahs. In addition, although vapor from e-cigarettes contains nicotine and other chemicals, LGB adults are less likely to perceive exposure to secondhand vapor as harmful. Tailored awareness campaigns and interventions are needed to convey the risks and curb use of these products. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Clinical characteristics and STK11 gene mutations in Chinese children with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome.
Huang, Zhiheng; Miao, Shijian; Wang, Lin; Zhang, Ping; Wu, Bingbing; Wu, Jie; Huang, Ying
2015-11-25
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is a rare autosomal dominant inherited disease characterized by gastrointestinal hamartomatous polyps and mucocutaneous melanin spots. Germline mutation of the serine/threonine kinase 11 (STK11) gene are responsible for PJS. In this study, we investigated the clinical characteristics and molecular basis of the disease in Chinese children with PJS. Thirteen children diagnosed with PJS in our hospital were enrolled in this study from 2011 to 2015, and their clinical data on polyp characteristics, intussusceptions events, family histories, etc. were described. Genomic DNA was extracted from whole-blood samples from each subject, and the entire coding sequence of the STK11 gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and analyzed by direct sequencing. The median age at the onset of symptoms was 2 years and 4 months. To date, these children have undergone 40 endoscopy screenings, 17 laparotomies and 9 intussusceptions. Polyps were found in the stomach, duodenum, small bowel, colon and rectum, with large polyps found in 7 children. Mutations were found in eleven children, including seven novel mutations (c.481het_dupA, c.943_944het_delCCinsG, c.397het_delG, c.862 + 1G > G/A, c.348_349het_delGT, and c.803_804het_delGGinsC and c.121_139de l19insTT) and four previously reported mutations (c.658C > C/T, c.890G > G/A, c.1062 C > C/G, and c.290 + 1G > G/A). One PJS patient did not have any STK11 mutations. The polyps caused significant clinical consequences in children with PJS, and mutations of the STK11 gene are generally the cause of PJS in Chinese children. This study expands the spectrum of known STK11 gene mutations.
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Goldman, Aaron; Chen, Hwu Dau Rw; Roesly, Heather B.; Hill, Kimberly A.; Tome, Margaret E.; Dvorak, Bohuslav; Bernstein, Harris
2011-01-01
Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a premalignant condition, where normal squamous epithelium is replaced by intestinal epithelium. BE is associated with an increased risk of developing esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). However, the BE cell of origin is not clear. We hypothesize that BE tissue originates from esophageal squamous cells, which can differentiate to columnar cells as a result of repeated exposure to gastric acid and bile acids, two components of refluxate implicated in BE pathology. To test this hypothesis, we repeatedly exposed squamous esophageal HET1A cells to 0.2 mM bile acid (BA) cocktail at pH 5.5 and developed an HET1AR-resistant cell line. These cells are able to survive and proliferate after repeated 2-h treatments with BA at pH 5.5. HET1AR cells are resistant to acidification and express markers of columnar differentiation, villin, CDX2, and cytokeratin 8/18. HET1AR cells have increased amounts of reactive oxygen species, concomitant with a decreased level and activity of manganese superoxide dismutase compared with parental cells. Furthermore, HET1AR cells express proteins and activate signaling pathways associated with inflammation, cell survival, and tumorigenesis that are thought to contribute to BE and EAC development. These include STAT3, NF-κB, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), cyclooxygenase-2, interleukin-6, phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR), and Mcl-1. The expression of prosurvival and inflammatory proteins and resistance to cell death could be partially modified by inhibition of STAT3 signaling. In summary, our study shows that long-term exposure of squamous cells to BA at acidic pH causes the cells to display the same characteristics and markers as BE. PMID:21127259
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Clarke, David J; Stuart, Jordyn; McGregor, Iain S; Arnold, Jonathon C
2017-01-04
The endocannabinoid system is dysregulated in schizophrenia. Mice with heterozygous deletion of neuregulin 1 (Nrg1 HET mice) provide a well-characterised animal model of schizophrenia, and display enhanced sensitivity to stress and cannabinoids during adolescence. However, no study has yet determined whether these mice have altered brain endocannabinoid concentrations. Nrg1 application to hippocampal slices decreased 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) signalling and disrupted long-term depression, a form of synaptic plasticity critical to spatial learning. Therefore we specifically aimed to examine whether Nrg1 HET mice exhibit increased 2-AG concentrations and disruption of spatial learning. As chronic stress influences brain endocannabinoids, we also sought to examine whether Nrg1 deficiency moderates adolescent stress-induced alterations in brain endocannabinoids. Adolescent Nrg1 HET and wild-type (WT) mice were submitted to chronic restraint stress and brain endocannabinoid concentrations were analysed. A separate cohort of WT and Nrg1 HET mice was also assessed for spatial learning performance in the Morris Water Maze. Partial genetic deletion of Nrg1 increased anandamide concentrations in the amygdala and decreased 2-AG concentrations in the hypothalamus. Further, Nrg1 HET mice exhibited increased 2-AG concentrations in the hippocampus and impaired spatial learning performance. Chronic adolescent stress increased anandamide concentrations in the amygdala, however, Nrg1 disruption did not influence this stress-induced change. These results demonstrate for the first time in vivo interplay between Nrg1 and endocannabinoids in the brain. Our results demonstrate that aberrant Nrg1 and endocannabinoid signalling may cooperate in the hippocampus to impair cognition, and that Nrg1 deficiency alters endocannabinoid signalling in brain stress circuitry. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Roadway Traffic Data Collection from Mobile Platforms, Technical Summary
DOT National Transportation Integrated Search
2017-07-28
This project empirically investigates the traffic flow estimations from different types of data collected from two types of mobile platforms transit buses in service operations and a van driven to emulate bus coverage that repeatedly traverse...
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Hunting for Supermassive Black Holes in Nearby Galaxies With the Hobby-Eberly Telescope
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
van den Bosch, Remco C. E.; Gebhardt, Karl; Gültekin, Kayhan; Yıldırım, Akin; Walsh, Jonelle L.
2015-05-01
We have conducted an optical long-slit spectroscopic survey of 1022 galaxies using the 10 m Hobby-Eberly Telescope (HET) at McDonald Observatory. The main goal of the HET Massive Galaxy Survey (HETMGS) is to find nearby galaxies that are suitable for black hole mass measurements. In order to measure accurately the black hole mass, one should kinematically resolve the region where the black hole dominates the gravitational potential. For most galaxies, this region is much less than an arcsecond. Thus, black hole masses are best measured in nearby galaxies with telescopes that obtain high spatial resolution. The HETMGS focuses on those galaxies predicted to have the largest sphere-of-influence, based on published stellar velocity dispersions or the galaxy fundamental plane. To ensure coverage over galaxy types, the survey targets those galaxies across a face-on projection of the fundamental plane. We present the sample selection and resulting data products from the long-slit observations, including central stellar kinematics and emission line ratios. The full data set, including spectra and resolved kinematics, is available online. Additionally, we show that the current crop of black hole masses are highly biased toward dense galaxies and that especially large disks and low dispersion galaxies are under-represented. This survey provides the necessary groundwork for future systematic black hole mass measurement campaigns.
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HUNTING FOR SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLES IN NEARBY GALAXIES WITH THE HOBBY–EBERLY TELESCOPE
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Bosch, Remco C. E. van den; Yıldırım, Akin; Gebhardt, Karl
2015-05-15
We have conducted an optical long-slit spectroscopic survey of 1022 galaxies using the 10 m Hobby–Eberly Telescope (HET) at McDonald Observatory. The main goal of the HET Massive Galaxy Survey (HETMGS) is to find nearby galaxies that are suitable for black hole mass measurements. In order to measure accurately the black hole mass, one should kinematically resolve the region where the black hole dominates the gravitational potential. For most galaxies, this region is much less than an arcsecond. Thus, black hole masses are best measured in nearby galaxies with telescopes that obtain high spatial resolution. The HETMGS focuses on thosemore » galaxies predicted to have the largest sphere-of-influence, based on published stellar velocity dispersions or the galaxy fundamental plane. To ensure coverage over galaxy types, the survey targets those galaxies across a face-on projection of the fundamental plane. We present the sample selection and resulting data products from the long-slit observations, including central stellar kinematics and emission line ratios. The full data set, including spectra and resolved kinematics, is available online. Additionally, we show that the current crop of black hole masses are highly biased toward dense galaxies and that especially large disks and low dispersion galaxies are under-represented. This survey provides the necessary groundwork for future systematic black hole mass measurement campaigns.« less
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Koiwanit, J.; Hamontree, C.
2018-05-01
The transportation sector is responsible for one of the main emitters of large quantities of pollutions to the atmosphere, which impacts local, regional or global environment receptors. In Thailand, many retail chains have been trying to launch many campaigns and projects to reduce GHG emissions together with offering the best convenience services to serve customers’ needs. By promoting an online shopping system for the workplace, this will mitigate even more of the air pollutants than the conventional online shopping system, where the products are delivered to customer’s doorsteps. This study aims to investigate and compare the impact of different vehicle technologies for an online shopping using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology especially in the vehicle use phase. The observed results showed that the electric van has the potential of reducing emissions and consequently showed lower impacts in most impact categories.
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
VanCleave, Janice
Science projects are a great way for students to learn more about science as they search for the answers to specific problems. This book offers guidance and provides ideas for students as they plan experiments, find and record information related to the problem, and organize data to find answers to the problem. The 20 topics in this book suggest…
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Chohan, Tariq W.; Boucher, Aurelie A.; Spencer, Jarrah R.; Kassem, Mustafa S.; Hamdi, Areeg A.; Karl, Tim; Fok, Sandra Y.; Bennett, Maxwell R.; Arnold, Jonathon C.
2014-01-01
Stress has been linked to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Genetic variation in neuregulin 1 (NRG1) increases the risk of developing schizophrenia and may help predict which high-risk individuals will transition to psychosis. NRG1 also modulates sensorimotor gating, a schizophrenia endophenotype. We used an animal model to demonstrate that partial genetic deletion of Nrg1 interacts with stress to promote neurobehavioral deficits of relevance to schizophrenia. Nrg1 heterozygous (HET) mice displayed greater acute stress-induced anxiety-related behavior than wild-type (WT) mice. Repeated stress in adolescence disrupted the normal development of higher prepulse inhibition of startle selectively in Nrg1 HET mice but not in WT mice. Further, repeated stress increased dendritic spine density in pyramidal neurons of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) selectively in Nrg1 HET mice. Partial genetic deletion of Nrg1 also modulated the adaptive response of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to repeated stress, with Nrg1 HET displaying a reduced repeated stress-induced level of plasma corticosterone than WT mice. Our results demonstrate that Nrg1 confers vulnerability to repeated stress-induced sensorimotor gating deficits, dendritic spine growth in the mPFC, and an abberant endocrine response in adolescence. PMID:24442851
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The Magic of Janice VanCleave.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Winarski, Diana L.
1995-01-01
Profiles the author of 28 science books for children, teachers, and parents. Most of the books focus on science fair projects, teaching science to elementary school students, and fun science activities that parents and teachers can use with students. (MDM)
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DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Meeks, John C.
Heterocysts are specialized cells that establish a physiologically low oxygen concentration; they function as the sites of oxygen-sensitive nitrogen fixation and hydrogen metabolism in certain filamentous cyanobacteria. They are present at a frequency of less than 10% of the cells and singly in a nonrandom spacing pattern in the filaments. The extent of differential gene expression during heterocyst differentiation was defined by DNA microarray analysis in wild type and mutant cultures of Nostoc punctiforme. The results in wild-type cultures identified two groups of genes; approximately 440 that are unique to heterocyst formation and function, and 500 that respond positively andmore » negatively to the transient stress of nitrogen starvation. Nitrogen fixation is initiated within 24 h after induction, but the cultures require another 24 h before growth is reinitiated. Microarray analyses were conducted on strains with altered expression of three genes that regulate the presence and spacing of heterocysts in the filaments; loss of function or over expression of these genes increases the heterocyst frequency 2 to 3 fold compared to the wild-type. Mutations in the genes hetR and hetF result in the inability to differentiate heterocysts, whereas over expression of each gene individually yields multiple contiguous heterocysts at sites in the filaments; they are positive regulatory elements. Mutation of the gene patN results in an increase in heterocysts frequency, but, in this case, the heterocysts are singly spaced in the filaments with a decrease in the number of vegetative cells in the interval between heterocysts; this is a negative regulatory element. However, over expression of patN resulted in the wild-type heterocyst frequency and spacing pattern. Microarray results indicated HetR and HetF influence the transcription of a common set of about 395 genes, as well as about 350 genes unique to each protein. HetR is known to be a transcriptional regulator and HetF is predicted to be a protease, perhaps operating thorough stability of HetR; thus, the influence of HetF on transcription of a unique set of genes was unanticipated. These two proteins are also found in non-heterocyst-forming filamentous cyanobacteria and the results have implications on their other physiological role(s). The PatN protein is unique to heterocyst-forming cyanobacteria. Cytological analysis indicated PatN is present in only one of the two daughter cells following division, but is present in both cell less than 8 h after division. Microarray analysis indicated only five genes were differentially transcribed in the patN mutant compared to the wild type; three up-regulated genes that are known to influence heterocyst differentiation and two down-regulated genes that have an unassigned function. Mutational analyses indicted the two down-regulated genes do not have a distinct role in heterocyst differentiation. Thus, PatN only indirectly impacts transcription. These databases provide lists of differentially transcribed genes involved in nitrogen starvation and cellular differentiation that can be mined for detailed genetic analysis of the regulation of heterocyst formation and function for subsequent photo-biohydrogen production.« less
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Sissiness, tomboyism, sex-role, sex identity and orientation.
McConaghy, N; Zamir, R
1995-06-01
Masculinity and femininity have been studied by self-ratings in independent areas of research: one investigating personality traits considered masculine (M) or feminine (F); the other, behaviours statistically more common in one than in the other sex (sex-linked behaviours). The two approaches were compared for the first time in the present study of 66 male and 51 female medical students. Consistent with previous findings using the second approach, male but not female subjects' opposite sex-linked "sissy" and "tomboyish" behaviours correlated significantly with their reported ratio of homosexual to heterosexual feelings (Ho/Het). Ho/Het did not correlate with either sex's M and F scores, but high M scores in women correlated strongly with several "tomboyish" behaviours. As "tomboyish" behaviours are shown more strongly by women exposed prenatally to increased levels of opposite sex hormones compared to controls, the findings have implications for the biological theory attributing Ho/Het to such prenatal hormonal exposure.
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Analysis and Verification of HET 1 m Mirror Deflections Due to Edge Sensor Loading
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Stallcup, Michael A.; Whitaker, Ann F. (Technical Monitor)
2001-01-01
The ninety-one 1 m mirror segments which comprise the McDonald Observatory Hobby Eberly Telescope (HET) primary mirror have been observed to drift out of alignment in an unpredictable manner in response to time variant temperature deviations. A Segment Alignment Maintenance System (SAMS) is being developed to detect and correct this segment-to-segment drift using sensors mounted at the edges of the mirror segments. However, the segments were not originally designed to carry the weight of edge sensors. Thus, analyses and tests were conducted as part of the SAMS design to estimate the magnitude and shape of the edge sensor induced deformations as well as the resultant optical performance. Interferometric testing of a 26 m radius of curvature HET mirror segment was performed at the Marshall Space Flight Center using several load conditions to verify the finite element analyses.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Mejia, J.; Mitchell, D. L.; Garnier, A.; Hosseinpour, F.; Avery, M. A.
2017-12-01
Global retrievals of cirrus cloud effective diameter De and mid-cloud temperature T were used to make the cirrus clouds simulated in CAM5 conform with the retrieved De, with the ice fall speeds in CAM5 calculated from the retrieved De. This was done by developing De-T relationships for six latitude zones. Within each latitude zone, seasonal De-T relationships were developed for cirrus over land and for cirrus over ocean (making 48 De-T relationships in total). The recently developed CALIPSO retrieval algorithm is sensitive to the ice crystal number concentration N, which is also retrieved, and it utilizes radiances from the infrared imaging radiometer and backscatter from the CALIPSO lidar. Retrieved De (N) is largest (lowest) between 30S and 30N latitude; a region dominated by anvil cirrus where pre-existing ice strongly favors heterogeneous ice nucleation (henceforth het). Therefore, the De-T relations for this region are considered representative for cirrus formed via het. Outside this region, retrieved De (N) tended to be considerably smaller (higher), presumably due to homogeneous ice nucleation (henceforth hom). Two CAM5 simulations were performed; one where cirrus cloud De is based on the CALIPSO retrievals and one where De-T for het cirrus is applied globally. Differences in net cloud radiative forcing between runs are believed due to differences in cirrus formation mechanism (hom vs. het). Such differences are typically 1.3 W m-2 in the mid-to-high latitudes in the N. Hemisphere excepting summer. These differences imply differences in cirrus cloud heating rates that affect temperatures in the underlying troposphere, which in turn affect the wind fields. The natural cirrus (mixture of hom and het) tend to trap more heat than the het cirrus. Changes in zonal wind fields between simulations suggest that heating by polar cirrus clouds have modifed meridional temperature gradients and thus zonal winds through the thermal wind balance. These changes in heating by polar cirrus clouds can modify the amplitude and meridional position of the midlatitude jet streams, which can lead to more extreme weather. Moreover, the retrievals indicate a doubling of Arctic cirrus coverage during winter, which will also result in increased heating of the underlying troposphere, likely contributing to this same phenomenon.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Stork, David G.; Duarte, Marco
2007-01-01
The contemporary artist David Hockney has hypothesized that some early Renaissance painters secretly projected optical images onto their supports (canvas, paper, oak panel, ...), directly traced these projections, and then filled in the tracings with paint[1]. Hockney has presented somewhat impressionistic image evidence for this claim, but he and thin-film physicist Charles Falco also point to perspective anomalies, to the fidelity of passages in certain paintings, and to historical documents in search of support for this direct tracing claim[2]. Key visual evidence adduced in support of this tracing claim is a pair of portraits by Jan van Eyck of Cardinal Niccolo Albergati - a small informal silverpoint study of 1431 and a slightly larger formal work in oil on panel of 1432. The contours in these two works bear striking resemblance in shape (after being appropriately scaled) and there are at least two "relative shifts" - passages that co-align well after a spatial shift of one of the images [2]. This evidence has led the theory's proponents to claim that van Eyck copied the silverpoint by means of an optical projector, or epidiascope, the relative shifts due to him accidentally bumping the setup during the copying. Previous tests of the tracing theory for these works considered four candidate methods van Eyck might have used to copied and enlarged the image in the silverpoint study: unaided ("by eye"), mechanical, grid, and the optical projection method itself [3]. Based on the full evidence, including the recent discovery of tiny pinprick holes in the silverpoint, reenactments, material culture and optical knowledge in the early 15th century, the mechanical method was judged most plausible and optical method the least plausible[3]. However, this earlier work did not adequately test whether a trained artist could "re-enact" the copying by mechanical methods: "Although we have not explicitly verified that high fidelities can be achieved through the use of a Reductionszirkel(or compass, protractor and ruler), there are no significant challenges in this regard"[3]. Our work here seeks to complete the test of the direct tracing claim. As we shall see, a talented realist artist can indeed achieve fidelity comparable to that found in these works, a result that re-affirms the earlier conclusion that when copying and enlarging the silverpoint image, it is more likely that van Eyck used a well-known, simple, mechanical method than a then unknown, secret and complicated optical method.
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ATS-6 - Technical aspects of the Health/Education Telecommunications Experiment
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Boor, J. L.; Braunstein, J.; Janky, J. M.; Ogden, D.; Potter, J. G.; Harper, E. L.; Volkmer, E.; Whalen, A. A.; Henderson, E.; Hupe, H. H.
1975-01-01
An overview is given of the HET experiment on ATS-6. The paper is divided into nine parts, including a technical overview, a preliminary evaluation of the HET demonstration, a review of operations at the Denver uplink terminal, a discussion of remote ground terminals, a review of C-band comprehensive terminals and of S-band comprehensive terminals, and parts devoted to general network operations, technical management and effectiveness of the network, and the site equipment operator.
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Translations on Eastern Europe, Political, Sociological, and Military Affairs, Number 1555
1978-06-29
Available Copy - a - [III - EE - 6.3J J INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS HUNGARIAN WRITER FROM ROMANIA PUBLICIZES NEW LITERARY WORKS Budapest ELET ES...8217 In Budapest "] [Text] Sandor Huszar, chief editor of our sister paper, A HET in Bucharest, visited us last in March 1977. And because he returned...what business are you this time? [Answer] I flew to Budapest as a human advertisement. I came to our friends with the problems of A HET. [Questions
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Simulation optimizing of n-type HIT solar cells with AFORS-HET
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Yao, Yao; Xiao, Shaoqing; Zhang, Xiumei; Gu, Xiaofeng
2017-07-01
This paper presents a study of heterojunction with intrinsic thin layer (HIT) solar cells based on n-type silicon substrates by a simulation software AFORS-HET. We have studied the influence of thickness, band gap of intrinsic layer and defect densities of every interface. Details in mechanisms are elaborated as well. The results show that the optimized efficiency reaches more than 23% which may give proper suggestions to practical preparation for HIT solar cells industry.
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Riès, Stephanie K; Dhillon, Rummit K; Clarke, Alex; King-Stephens, David; Laxer, Kenneth D; Weber, Peter B; Kuperman, Rachel A; Auguste, Kurtis I; Brunner, Peter; Schalk, Gerwin; Lin, Jack J; Parvizi, Josef; Crone, Nathan E; Dronkers, Nina F; Knight, Robert T
2017-06-06
Word retrieval is core to language production and relies on complementary processes: the rapid activation of lexical and conceptual representations and word selection, which chooses the correct word among semantically related competitors. Lexical and conceptual activation is measured by semantic priming. In contrast, word selection is indexed by semantic interference and is hampered in semantically homogeneous (HOM) contexts. We examined the spatiotemporal dynamics of these complementary processes in a picture naming task with blocks of semantically heterogeneous (HET) or HOM stimuli. We used electrocorticography data obtained from frontal and temporal cortices, permitting detailed spatiotemporal analysis of word retrieval processes. A semantic interference effect was observed with naming latencies longer in HOM versus HET blocks. Cortical response strength as indexed by high-frequency band (HFB) activity (70-150 Hz) amplitude revealed effects linked to lexical-semantic activation and word selection observed in widespread regions of the cortical mantle. Depending on the subsecond timing and cortical region, HFB indexed semantic interference (i.e., more activity in HOM than HET blocks) or semantic priming effects (i.e., more activity in HET than HOM blocks). These effects overlapped in time and space in the left posterior inferior temporal gyrus and the left prefrontal cortex. The data do not support a modular view of word retrieval in speech production but rather support substantial overlap of lexical-semantic activation and word selection mechanisms in the brain.
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[Male hormonal profile in workers exposed to toluene in an industrial packaging plant].
Miranda-Figueroa, Genezareth; Paz-Román, María del Pilar; Aguilar-Madrid, Guadalupe; Juárez-Pérez, Cuauhtémoc Arturo; Basurto-Acevedo, Lourdes; Haro-García, Luis
2013-01-01
to identify changes in the male hormonal profile (MHP), consisting of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone, in workers exposed to toluene. cross-sectional study that included 42 workers, formed in two groups: with high and low exposure to toluene (HET and LET, respectively); the hippuric acid in urine, and the serum concentration in FSH, LH, and testosterone were measured. hippuric acid in subjects with LET was 2.53 ± 1.20 g/g creatinine, and with HET: 6.31 ± 3.83 g/g creatinine (p = 0.02). Seric FSH concentration was 5.12 ± 0.77 and 3.55 ± 0.3 mU/mL (p = 0.02) in LET and HET, respectively; LH: 2.66 ± 0.45 and 2.77 ± 0.21 (p = 0.81), and testosterone 3.91 ± 0.34 and 4.86 ± 0.23 ng/mL (p = 0.04). By regression analysis, the correlation coefficient of FSH with hippuric acid was r = -0.33 (p = 0.031), with coefficient of determination of 11 %; the LH correlation coefficient was r = -0.037 (p = 0.88) and 0.05 %, respectively; and the one for testosterone was r = 0.61 (p = 0.0001) and 34 %. in HET group, FSH and LH serum levels diminished; testosterone shows an opposite response, perhaps explained by a different sensitivity of the male gonads exposed to toluene.
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Cyclophilin B Deficiency Causes Abnormal Dentin Collagen Matrix.
Terajima, Masahiko; Taga, Yuki; Cabral, Wayne A; Nagasawa, Masako; Sumida, Noriko; Hattori, Shunji; Marini, Joan C; Yamauchi, Mitsuo
2017-08-04
Cyclophilin B (CypB) is an endoplasmic reticulum-resident protein that regulates collagen folding, and also contributes to prolyl 3-hydroxylation (P3H) and lysine (Lys) hydroxylation of collagen. In this study, we characterized dentin type I collagen in CypB null (KO) mice, a model of recessive osteogenesis imperfecta type IX, and compared to those of wild-type (WT) and heterozygous (Het) mice. Mass spectrometric analysis demonstrated that the extent of P3H in KO collagen was significantly diminished compared to WT/Het. Lys hydroxylation in KO was significantly diminished at the helical cross-linking sites, α1/α2(I) Lys-87 and α1(I) Lys-930, leading to a significant increase in the under-hydroxylated cross-links and a decrease in fully hydroxylated cross-links. The extent of glycosylation of hydroxylysine residues was, except α1(I) Lys-87, generally higher in KO than WT/Het. Some of these molecular phenotypes were distinct from other KO tissues reported previously, indicating the dentin-specific control mechanism through CypB. Histological analysis revealed that the width of predentin was greater and irregular, and collagen fibrils were sparse and significantly smaller in KO than WT/Het. These results indicate a critical role of CypB in dentin matrix formation, suggesting a possible association between recessive osteogenesis imperfecta and dentin defects that have not been clinically detected.
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DiLabio, Gino A; Ingold, K U
2004-03-05
Brown and Okamoto (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 4979) derived their electrophilic substitutent constants, sigma(p)+, from the relative rates of solvolysis of ring-substituted cumyl chlorides in an acetone/water solvent mixture. Application of the Hammett equation to the rates for the meta-substituted cumyl chlorides, where there could be no resonance interaction with the developing carbocation, gave a slope, rho(+) = -4.54 ( identical with 6.2 kcal/mol free energy). Rates for the para-substituted chlorides were then used to obtain sigma(p)+ values. We have calculated gas-phase C-Cl heterolytic bond dissociation enthalpy differences, Delta BDE(het) (= BDE(het)(4-YC(6)H(4)CMe(2)Cl) - BDE(het)(C(6)H(5)CMe(2)Cl)), for 16 of the 4-Y substituents employed by Brown and Okamoto. The plot of Delta BDE(het) vs sigma(p)+ gave rho(+) (SD) = 16.3 (2.3) kcal/mol, i.e., a rho(+) value roughly 2.5 times greater than experiment. Inclusion of solvation (water) energies, calculated using three continuum solvent models, reduced rho(+) and SD. The computationally least expensive model used, SM5.42R (Li et al. Theor. Chem. Acc. 1999, 103, 9) gave the best agreement with experiment. This model yielded rho(+) (SD) = 7.7 (0.9) kcal/mol, i.e., a rho(+) value that is only 24% larger than experiment.
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Gururajan, A; Hill, R A; van den Buuse, M
2015-01-22
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a widely expressed neurotrophin involved in neurodevelopment, neuroprotection and synaptic plasticity. It is also implicated in a range of psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. Stress during adolescence/young adulthood can have long-term psychiatric and cognitive consequences, however it is unknown how altered BDNF signaling is involved in such effects. Here we investigated whether a congenital deficit in BDNF availability in rats increases vulnerability to the long-term effects of the stress hormone, corticosterone (CORT). Compared to wildtype (WT) littermates, BDNF heterozygous (HET) rats showed higher body weights and minor developmental changes, such as reduced relative brain and pituitary weight. These animals furthermore showed deficits in short-term spatial memory in the Y-maze and in prepulse inhibition and startle, but not in object-recognition memory. CORT treatment induced impairments in novel-object recognition memory in both genotypes but disrupted fear conditioning extinction learning in BDNF HET rats only. These results show selective behavioral changes in BDNF HET rats, at baseline or after chronic CORT treatment and add to our understanding of the role of BDNF and its interaction with stress. Importantly, this study demonstrates the utility of the BDNF HET rat in investigations into the pathophysiology of various psychiatric disorders. Copyright © 2014 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Gurushankar, K.; Gohulkumar, M.; Kumar, Piyush; Krishna, C. Murali; Krishnakumar, N.
2016-03-01
Recently it has been shown that Raman spectroscopy possesses great potential in the investigation of biomolecular changes of tumor tissues with therapeutic drug response in a non-invasive and label-free manner. The present study is designed to investigate the antitumor effect of hespertin-loaded nanoparticles (HETNPs) relative to the efficacy of native hesperetin (HET) in modifying the biomolecular changes during 7,12-dimethyl benz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced oral carcinogenesis using a Raman spectroscopic technique. Significant differences in the intensity and shape of the Raman spectra between the control and the experimental tissues at 1800-500 cm-1 were observed. Tumor tissues are characterized by an increase in the relative amount of proteins, nucleic acids, tryptophan and phenylalanine and a decrease in the percentage of lipids when compared to the control tissues. Further, oral administration of HET and its nanoparticulates restored the status of the lipids and significantly decreased the levels of protein and nucleic acid content. Treatment with HETNPs showed a more potent antitumor effect than treatment with native HET, which resulted in an overall reduction in the intensity of several biochemical Raman bands in DMBA-induced oral carcinogenesis being observed. Principal component and linear discriminant analysis (PC-LDA), together with leave-one-out cross validation (LOOCV) on Raman spectra yielded diagnostic sensitivities of 100%, 80%, 91.6% and 65% and specificities of 100%, 65%, 60% and 55% for classification of control versus DMBA, DMBA versus DMBA + HET, DMBA versus DMBA + HETNPs and DMBA + HET versus DMBA + HETNPs treated tissue groups, respectively. These results further demonstrate that Raman spectroscopy associated with multivariate statistical algorithms could be a valuable tool for developing a comprehensive understanding of the process of biomolecular changes, and could reveal the signatures of the antitumor response of drugs.
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Navarro, Gemma; Cordomí, Arnau; Brugarolas, Marc; Moreno, Estefanía; Aguinaga, David; Pérez-Benito, Laura; Ferre, Sergi; Cortés, Antoni; Casadó, Vicent; Mallol, Josefa; Canela, Enric I; Lluís, Carme; Pardo, Leonardo; McCormick, Peter J; Franco, Rafael
2018-02-28
G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) heteromeric complexes have distinct properties from homomeric GPCRs, giving rise to new receptor functionalities. Adenosine receptors (A 1 R or A 2A R) can form A 1 R-A 2A R heteromers (A 1 -A 2A Het), and their activation leads to canonical G-protein-dependent (adenylate cyclase mediated) and -independent (β-arrestin mediated) signaling. Adenosine has different affinities for A 1 R and A 2A R, allowing the heteromeric receptor to detect its concentration by integrating the downstream G i - and G s -dependent signals. cAMP accumulation and β-arrestin recruitment assays have shown that, within the complex, activation of A 2A R impedes signaling via A 1 R. We examined the mechanism by which A 1 -A 2A Het integrates G i - and G s -dependent signals. A 1 R blockade by A 2A R in the A 1 -A 2A Het is not observed in the absence of A 2A R activation by agonists, in the absence of the C-terminal domain of A 2A R, or in the presence of synthetic peptides that disrupt the heteromer interface of A 1 -A 2A Het, indicating that signaling mediated by A 1 R and A 2A R is controlled by both G i and G s proteins. We identified a new mechanism of signal transduction that implies a cross-communication between G i and G s proteins guided by the C-terminal tail of the A 2A R. This mechanism provides the molecular basis for the operation of the A 1 -A 2A Het as an adenosine concentration-sensing device that modulates the signals originating at both A 1 R and A 2A R.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Stenegren, Marcus; Caputo, Andrea; Berg, Carlo; Bonnet, Sophie; Foster, Rachel A.
2018-03-01
The abundance and distribution of cyanobacterial diazotrophs were quantified in two regions (Melanesian archipelago, MA; and subtropical gyre, SG) of the western tropical South Pacific using nifH quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays. UCYN-A1 and A2 host populations were quantified using 18S rRNA qPCR assays including one newly developed assay. All phylotypes were detected in the upper photic zone (0-50 m), with higher abundances in the MA region. Trichodesmium and UCYN-B dominated and ranged from 2.18 × 102 to 9.41 × 106 and 1.10 × 102 to 2.78 × 106 nifH copies L-1, respectively. Het-1 (symbiont of Rhizosolenia diatoms) was the next most abundant (1.40 × 101-1.74 × 105 nifH copies L-1) and co-occurred with het-2 and het-3. UCYN-A1 and A2 were the least abundant diazotrophs and were below detection (bd) in 63 and 79, respectively, of 120 samples. In addition, in up to 39 % of samples in which UCYN-A1 and A2 were detected, their respective hosts were bd. Pairwise comparisons of the nifH abundances and various environmental parameters supported two groups: a deep-dwelling group (45 m) comprised of UCYN-A1 and A2 and a surface group (0-15 m) comprised of Trichodesmium, het-1 and het-2. Temperature and photosynthetically active radiation were positively correlated with the surface group, while UCYN-A1 and A2 were positively correlated with depth, salinity, and oxygen. Similarly, in a meta-analysis of 11 external datasets, all diazotrophs, except UCYN-A were correlated with temperature. Combined, our results indicate that conditions favoring the UCYN-A symbiosis differ from those of diatom diazotroph associations and free-living cyanobacterial diazotrophs.
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Did Jan van Eyck build the first photocopier in 1432?
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Stork, David G.
2003-12-01
Recently it has been claimed that some early Renaissance painters used concave mirrors to project real inverted images onto their supports (paper, canvas, oak panel, ...) which they then traced or painted over, and that this was an important source of the increase in realism in European painting around 1420. Key exhibits adduced as evidence in support of this bold theory are a pair of portraits by Jan van Eyck of Cardinal Niccolo Albergati(&?) - a silverpoint study of 1431 and a larger oil of 1432. The contours in these two works bear striking resemblance in form (after being appropriately scaled) and at least one distinctive "relative shift" - evidence that has led proponents of the projection theory to claim that the oil was copied by means of an epidiascope or primitive opaque projector, the shift due to an accidental "bump" during the copying process. We find several difficulties with this optical explanation: there are at least two relative shifts (one horizontal and one vertical), the latter being somewhat unlikely given the putative projection equipment and setup; these shifts are in the ratio of distances of nearly 1:2, a ratio that has no natural role in the projection explanation; any accidental "bump" would surely have been noticed by van Eyck, and if so desired, corrected by him; recent analysis shows physical evidence (tiny pinpricks presumably from mechanical compass) consistent with mechanical transfer that has no role in the optical explanation; and several other points. The fidelity of the copy as well as the direction and relative magnitudes of these shifts are, however, consistent with the use of a familiar grid construction and with mechanical transfer using drawing compass and ruler or Reductionszirkel. Further, there are prominent vertical Bruchkanten (fold or fraction) lines on the grounded paper in the silverpoint study whose orientation and separation have no natural role in an optical theory, but have a plausible role in other explanations. Our rebuttal to the projection theory for these works is supposed by considertaion of hte lack of documentary evidence from both artists and scientists, of surviving optical devices, and of the artistic goals and established painting praxis in the early Renaissance.
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Evacuation and rescue of elderly and disabled passengers from paratransit vans and buses
DOT National Transportation Integrated Search
1984-12-01
This report reflects concerns felt by both the transit community and the U.S. Department of Transportation regarding the ability of transit operators and rescue forces to rescue elderly and disabled passengers in emergencies. The project intent is to...
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Wheeler, Kimberly
2001-01-01
Discusses a six week art class project for elementary school children that lasted for six weeks. Explains that the students painted sunflowers in the style of Vincent van Gogh over the rust spots of a pickup truck. Reports that the painting served as great publicity for the art classes. (CMK)
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Morffe, Jans; García, Nayla
2013-01-01
Abstract Two new genera and species parasitizing passalid beetles from the Democratic Republic of Congo are described. Batwanema congo gen. n. et sp. n. is characterized by having females with the cervical cuticle armed with scale-like projections, arranged initially in rows of eight elements that gradually divide and form pointed spines toward the end of the spiny region, two cephalic annuli, clavate procorpus and genital tract monodelphic-prodelphic. Two Malagasian species of Artigasia Christie, 1934 were placed in this genus as B. latum (Van Waerebeke, 1973) comb. n. and B. annulatum (Van Waerebeke, 1973) comb. n. Chokwenema lepidophorum gen. n. et sp. n. is characterized by having females with the cervical cuticle armed with scale-like projections, arranged initially in rows of eight elements (similar to Batwanema) that divide gradually, forming spines; a single cephalic annule cone-like, truncated, moderately inflated; procorpus sub-cylindrical and genital tract didelphic-amphidelphic. PMID:24363593
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Cost Growth in Weapons Systems: Re-examining Rubber Baselines and Economic Factors
2007-03-01
committee members for their support in this endeavor. They allowed me to test my econometric limits without performing the analysis for me. I...Bruesch-Pagan Het Test Ramsey Omitted Variable Test 6 The adjusted r-squared value indicates that this model explains nearly 16% of the factors...Observations 1150 Chi2(1) 69.01 P(Chi) 0.0000 F(3, 1139) 7.22 P(F) 0.0001 Bruesch-Pagan Het Test Ramsey Omitted Variable Test The results of these two
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A Performance and Plume Comparison of Xenon and Krypton Propellant on the SPT-100
2012-07-02
HET (1.35 kW), performance measurements were made using an inverted pendulum thrust stand. The plume was also characterized by a Faraday probe and RPA...performance reduction for the case of the flight model SPT-100 HET (1.35 kW), per- formance measurements were made using an inverted pendulum thrust stand...where high thrust at reduced specific impulse is advantageous, such as orbit raising missions. Bismuth’s main drawback is that the metal must be
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DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Lammert, M. P.; Burton, J.; Sindler, P.
2014-10-01
This research project compares laboratory-measured fuel economy of a medium-duty diesel powered hydraulic hybrid vehicle drivetrain to both a conventional diesel drivetrain and a conventional gasoline drivetrain in a typical commercial parcel delivery application. Vehicles in this study included a model year 2012 Freightliner P100H hybrid compared to a 2012 conventional gasoline P100 and a 2012 conventional diesel parcel delivery van of similar specifications. Drive cycle analysis of 484 days of hybrid parcel delivery van commercial operation from multiple vehicles was used to select three standard laboratory drive cycles as well as to create a custom representative cycle. These fourmore » cycles encompass and bracket the range of real world in-use data observed in Baltimore United Parcel Service operations. The NY Composite cycle, the City Suburban Heavy Vehicle Cycle cycle, and the California Air Resources Board Heavy Heavy-Duty Diesel Truck (HHDDT) cycle as well as a custom Baltimore parcel delivery cycle were tested at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's Renewable Fuels and Lubricants Laboratory. Fuel consumption was measured and analyzed for all three vehicles. Vehicle laboratory results are compared on the basis of fuel economy. The hydraulic hybrid parcel delivery van demonstrated 19%-52% better fuel economy than the conventional diesel parcel delivery van and 30%-56% better fuel economy than the conventional gasoline parcel delivery van on cycles other than the highway-oriented HHDDT cycle.« less
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Hmong women, opium cultivation and livestock production in Lao PDR.
Oparaocha, S
1998-01-01
This article analyzes the effects on Hmong women of a Laotian government policy to replace production of opium by upland farmers with other cash crops by the year 2000. In 1996, 15% of the population relied on opium as a cash crop. This project aimed to include Hmong women in small livestock production in 2 villages: Ban Kampanien and Ban Pha Ven in Nong Het district, Xieng Khouang province, near the Vietnamese border. Interviews were conducted among 33 families using the Harvard Gender Analytical Tools (1991) to determine gender roles in livestock production. Participatory assessment relied on matrix ranking, resource maps, and trend charts. In Nong Het, White Hmong dominate. Average family size is 7 persons. Polygamy is allowed, but declining. The birthrate is high. Swidden agriculture is practiced. Agricultural production meets demand. Patriarchal authority dominates; men and women have separate public and private spheres. Education favors boys. Women are involved in all aspects of agricultural production. The author describes women's role in small livestock production and gender roles in feed management. Women exercise autonomy only through raising livestock and poultry. Women's production is constrained by limited access to extension services, feed resources, labor saving technology, and credit. In order to offset the loss of income from opium, Hmong women need to increase their income by increasing the product output per animal using selective breeding, and decreasing time spent on preparing and processing food. Assistance should be provided to improve women's resources and knowledge.
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Genome measures used for quality control are dependent on gene function and ancestry.
Wang, Jing; Raskin, Leon; Samuels, David C; Shyr, Yu; Guo, Yan
2015-02-01
The transition/transversion (Ti/Tv) ratio and heterozygous/nonreference-homozygous (het/nonref-hom) ratio have been commonly computed in genetic studies as a quality control (QC) measurement. Additionally, these two ratios are helpful in our understanding of the patterns of DNA sequence evolution. To thoroughly understand these two genomic measures, we performed a study using 1000 Genomes Project (1000G) released genotype data (N=1092). An additional two datasets (N=581 and N=6) were used to validate our findings from the 1000G dataset. We compared the two ratios among continental ancestry, genome regions and gene functionality. We found that the Ti/Tv ratio can be used as a quality indicator for single nucleotide polymorphisms inferred from high-throughput sequencing data. The Ti/Tv ratio varies greatly by genome region and functionality, but not by ancestry. The het/nonref-hom ratio varies greatly by ancestry, but not by genome regions and functionality. Furthermore, extreme guanine + cytosine content (either high or low) is negatively associated with the Ti/Tv ratio magnitude. Thus, when performing QC assessment using these two measures, care must be taken to apply the correct thresholds based on ancestry and genome region. Failure to take these considerations into account at the QC stage will bias any following analysis. yan.guo@vanderbilt.edu Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.
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Hobby-Eberly Telescope Optical Transmission Spectroscopy of the Hot Jupiter WASP-12b
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Jensen, Adam G.; Redfield, Seth; Cauley, Paul W.; Endl, Michael; Cochran, William D.
2017-01-01
Transmission spectroscopy of exoplanetary atmospheres is an extremely useful tool that can be used for understanding exoplanetary composition as well as potentially revealing star-planet interactions from radiation, magnetic fields, and more. The hot Jupiter planet WASP-12b is interesting in that it is very close to its star (0.02 AU), has a large calculated scale height, has had water and metals detected in its atmosphere, and has had varying observational and theoretical constraints placed on its C/O ratio. Here we present a preliminary analysis of the optical transmission spectrum of WASP-12b taken with the Hobby-Eberly Telescope (HET). Our data covers the optical wavelength range from approximately 4800 to 6850 Angstroms. Most notably this includes two Balmer lines of hydrogen (H-alpha at 6563 Angstroms and H-beta at 4861 Angstroms) and the sodium D doublet (at 5890 and 5896 Angstroms). Due to the relative faintness of the system's central star and different instrumental settings, the analysis involves several challenges that are not present in previous transmission spectroscopy observations with the HET.This work is supported by NASA Exoplanet Research Program grant 14-XRP14_2-0090 to the University of Nebraska-Kearney. The Hobby-Eberly Telescope is a joint project of the University of Texas at Austin, the Pennsylvania State University, Stanford University, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, and Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen and is named in honor of its principal benefactors, William P. Hobby and Robert E. Eberly.
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Transcriptional regulation of development in heterocyst-forming cyanobacteria.
Flores, Enrique; Picossi, Silvia; Valladares, Ana; Herrero, Antonia
2018-04-30
Filamentous, heterocyst-forming cyanobacteria are among the simplest multicellular systems in Nature. In the absence of combined nitrogen, the filaments consist of vegetative cells that fix CO 2 through oxygenic photosynthesis and micro-oxic heterocysts specialized for the fixation of N 2 in a proportion of about 10 to 1. The development of a heterocyst-containing filament involves differentiation of vegetative cells into heterocysts in a process that requires a distinct gene expression program. Two transcription factors are strictly required, NtcA and HetR. The CRP-family protein NtcA directly activates the expression of multiple genes during heterocyst differentiation - in some cases assisted by coactivators including HetR - and in mature heterocysts, whereas HetR is needed to build high NtcA levels in differentiating heterocysts and directly activates some particular genes. A few other regulators of gene expression participate at specific differentiation steps, and a specific transcription factor, CnfR, activates nif gene expression under the micro-oxic conditions of the heterocyst. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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VizieR Online Data Catalog: HD 128311 radial velocity and astrometric data (McArthur+, 2014)
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
McArthur, B. E.; Benedict, G. F.; Henry, G. W.; Hatzes, A.; Cochran, W. D.; Harrison, T. E.; Johns-Krull, C.; Nelan, E.
2017-05-01
The High Resolution Spectrograph (HRS; Tull, 1998SPIE.3355..387T) at the HET at McDonald Observatory was used to make the spectroscopic observations using the iodine absorption cell method (Butler et al. 1996PASP..108..500B). Our reduction of HET HRS data is given in Bean et al. (2007AJ....134..749B), which uses the REDUCE package (Piskunov & Valenti, 2002A&A...385.1095P). Our observations include a total of 355 high-resolution spectra which were obtained between 2005 April and 2011 January. Because typically two or more observations were made in less than 1 hr per night, we observed at 161 epochs with the HET HRS. The astrometric observations were made with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Fine Guidance Sensor (FGS) 1r, a two-axis interferometer, in position (POS) "fringe-tracking" mode. Twenty-nine orbits of HST astrometric observations were made between 2007 December and 2009 August. (2 data files).
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The Threshold Level--For Schools?
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Lauerbach, Gerda
1979-01-01
Comments on the document "Threshold Level for Modern Language Learning Schools" (J. A. Van Ek, Strasbourg, 1976) and its appropriateness as a description of learning goals for the first years of foreign language teaching. Criticizes particularly the "reduced learning" concept, on which the threshold projects are based. (IFS/WGA)
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The Answer Van in Rural New Jersey
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Milich, Patricia S.
1978-01-01
Description of a mobile information center that provides public information on local events, municipal ordinances, employment, taxes, social security, planned parenthood, welfare, adoption laws, and other topics. The project has been deemed successful because it offers the public an opportunity to communicate face to face in a nonthreatening…
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Following Footsteps: ECD Tracer Studies.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Smale, Jim, Editor
2002-01-01
This document consists of the single 2002 issue of The Bernard van Leer Foundation's "Early Childhood Matters," a periodical addressed to practitioners in the field of early childhood education and including information on projects funded by the Foundation. Articles in this issue focus on early childhood development tracer studies of…
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Becker, R; Lô, I; Sporkert, F; Baumgartner, M
2018-07-01
The increasing request for hair ethyl glucuronide (HEtG) in alcohol consumption monitoring according to cut-off levels set by the Society of Hair Testing (SoHT) has triggered a proficiency testing program based on interlaboratory comparisons (ILC). Here, the outcome of nine consecutive ILC rounds organised by the SoHT on the determination of HEtG between 2011 and 2017 is summarised regarding interlaboratory reproducibility and the influence of procedural variants. Test samples prepared from cut hair (1mm) with authentic (in-vivo incorporated) and soaked (in-vitro incorporated) HEtG concentrations up to 80pg/mg were provided for 27-35 participating laboratories. Laboratory results were evaluated according to ISO 5725-5 and provided robust averages and relative reproducibility standard deviations typically between 20 and 35% in reasonable accordance with the prediction of the Horwitz model. Evaluation of results regarding the analytical techniques revealed no significant differences between gas and liquid chromatographic methods In contrast, a detailed evaluation of different sample preparations revealed significantly higher average values in case when pulverised hair is tested compared to cut hair. This observation was reinforced over the different ILC rounds and can be attributed to the increased acceptance and routine of hair pulverisation among laboratories. Further, the reproducibility standard deviations among laboratories performing pulverisation were on average in very good agreement with the prediction of the Horwitz model. Use of sonication showed no effect on the HEtG extraction yield. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Gaisler-Salomon, Inna; Miller, Gretchen M; Chuhma, Nao; Lee, Sooyeon; Zhang, Hong; Ghoddoussi, Farhad; Lewandowski, Nicole; Fairhurst, Stephen; Wang, Yvonne; Conjard-Duplany, Agnès; Masson, Justine; Balsam, Peter; Hen, René; Arancio, Ottavio; Galloway, Matthew P; Moore, Holly M; Small, Scott A; Rayport, Stephen
2009-01-01
Dysregulated glutamatergic neurotransmission has been strongly implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia (SCZ). Recently, presynaptic modulation of glutamate transmission has been shown to have therapeutic promise. We asked whether genetic knockdown of glutaminase (gene GLS1) to reduce glutamatergic transmission presynaptically by slowing the recycling of glutamine to glutamate, would produce a phenotype relevant to SCZ and its treatment. GLS1 heterozygous (GLS1 het) mice showed about a 50% global reduction in glutaminase activity, and a modest reduction in glutamate levels in brain regions relevant to SCZ pathophysiology, but displayed neither general behavioral abnormalities nor SCZ-associated phenotypes. Functional imaging, measuring regional cerebral blood volume, showed hippocampal hypometabolism mainly in the CA1 subregion and subiculum, the inverse of recent clinical imaging findings in prodromal and SCZ patients. GLS1 het mice were less sensitive to the behavioral stimulating effects of amphetamine, showed a reduction in amphetamine-induced striatal dopamine release and in ketamine-induced frontal cortical activation, suggesting that GLS1 het mice are resistant to the effects of these pro-psychotic challenges. Moreover, GLS1 het mice showed clozapine-like potentiation of latent inhibition, suggesting that reduction in glutaminase has antipsychotic-like properties. These observations provide further support for the pivotal role of altered glutamatergic synaptic transmission in the pathophysiology of SCZ, and suggest that presynaptic modulation of the glutamine–glutamate pathway through glutaminase inhibition may provide a new direction for the pharmacotherapy of SCZ. PMID:19516252
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The KLOE-2 high energy taggers
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Curciarello, F.
2017-06-01
The precision measurement of the π0 → γγ width allows to gain insights into the low-energy QCD dynamics. A way to achieve the precision needed (1%) in order to test theory predictions is to study the π0 production through γγ fusion in the e+e- → e+e-γ*γ* → e+e-π0 reaction. The KLOE-2 experiment, currently running at the DAΦNE facility in Frascati, aims to perform this measurement. For this reason, new detectors, which allow to tag final state leptons, have been installed along the DAΦNE beam line in order to reduce the background coming from phi-meson decays. The High Energy Tagger (HET) detector measures the deviation of leptons from their main orbit by determining their position and timing. The HET detectors are placed in roman pots just at the exit of the DAΦNE dipole magnets, 11 m away from the IP, both on positron and electron sides. The HET sensitive area is made up of a set of 28 plastic scintillators. A dedicated DAQ electronic board, based on a Xilinx Virtex-5 FPGA, has been developed for this detector. It provides a MultiHit TDC with a time resolution of 550(1) ps and the possibility to clearly identify the correct bunch crossing (ΔTbunch ~ 2.7 ns). The most relevant features of the KLOE-2 tagging system operation as time performance, stability and the techniques used to determine the time overlap between the KLOE and HET asynchronous DAQs will be presented.
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Gaisler-Salomon, Inna; Miller, Gretchen M; Chuhma, Nao; Lee, Sooyeon; Zhang, Hong; Ghoddoussi, Farhad; Lewandowski, Nicole; Fairhurst, Stephen; Wang, Yvonne; Conjard-Duplany, Agnès; Masson, Justine; Balsam, Peter; Hen, René; Arancio, Ottavio; Galloway, Matthew P; Moore, Holly M; Small, Scott A; Rayport, Stephen
2009-09-01
Dysregulated glutamatergic neurotransmission has been strongly implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia (SCZ). Recently, presynaptic modulation of glutamate transmission has been shown to have therapeutic promise. We asked whether genetic knockdown of glutaminase (gene GLS1) to reduce glutamatergic transmission presynaptically by slowing the recycling of glutamine to glutamate, would produce a phenotype relevant to SCZ and its treatment. GLS1 heterozygous (GLS1 het) mice showed about a 50% global reduction in glutaminase activity, and a modest reduction in glutamate levels in brain regions relevant to SCZ pathophysiology, but displayed neither general behavioral abnormalities nor SCZ-associated phenotypes. Functional imaging, measuring regional cerebral blood volume, showed hippocampal hypometabolism mainly in the CA1 subregion and subiculum, the inverse of recent clinical imaging findings in prodromal and SCZ patients. GLS1 het mice were less sensitive to the behavioral stimulating effects of amphetamine, showed a reduction in amphetamine-induced striatal dopamine release and in ketamine-induced frontal cortical activation, suggesting that GLS1 het mice are resistant to the effects of these pro-psychotic challenges. Moreover, GLS1 het mice showed clozapine-like potentiation of latent inhibition, suggesting that reduction in glutaminase has antipsychotic-like properties. These observations provide further support for the pivotal role of altered glutamatergic synaptic transmission in the pathophysiology of SCZ, and suggest that presynaptic modulation of the glutamine-glutamate pathway through glutaminase inhibition may provide a new direction for the pharmacotherapy of SCZ.
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Dhillon, Rummit K.; Clarke, Alex; King-Stephens, David; Laxer, Kenneth D.; Weber, Peter B.; Kuperman, Rachel A.; Auguste, Kurtis I.; Brunner, Peter; Lin, Jack J.; Parvizi, Josef; Crone, Nathan E.; Dronkers, Nina F.; Knight, Robert T.
2017-01-01
Word retrieval is core to language production and relies on complementary processes: the rapid activation of lexical and conceptual representations and word selection, which chooses the correct word among semantically related competitors. Lexical and conceptual activation is measured by semantic priming. In contrast, word selection is indexed by semantic interference and is hampered in semantically homogeneous (HOM) contexts. We examined the spatiotemporal dynamics of these complementary processes in a picture naming task with blocks of semantically heterogeneous (HET) or HOM stimuli. We used electrocorticography data obtained from frontal and temporal cortices, permitting detailed spatiotemporal analysis of word retrieval processes. A semantic interference effect was observed with naming latencies longer in HOM versus HET blocks. Cortical response strength as indexed by high-frequency band (HFB) activity (70–150 Hz) amplitude revealed effects linked to lexical-semantic activation and word selection observed in widespread regions of the cortical mantle. Depending on the subsecond timing and cortical region, HFB indexed semantic interference (i.e., more activity in HOM than HET blocks) or semantic priming effects (i.e., more activity in HET than HOM blocks). These effects overlapped in time and space in the left posterior inferior temporal gyrus and the left prefrontal cortex. The data do not support a modular view of word retrieval in speech production but rather support substantial overlap of lexical-semantic activation and word selection mechanisms in the brain. PMID:28533406
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Chohan, Tariq W; Boucher, Aurelie A; Spencer, Jarrah R; Kassem, Mustafa S; Hamdi, Areeg A; Karl, Tim; Fok, Sandra Y; Bennett, Maxwell R; Arnold, Jonathon C
2014-11-01
Stress has been linked to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Genetic variation in neuregulin 1 (NRG1) increases the risk of developing schizophrenia and may help predict which high-risk individuals will transition to psychosis. NRG1 also modulates sensorimotor gating, a schizophrenia endophenotype. We used an animal model to demonstrate that partial genetic deletion of Nrg1 interacts with stress to promote neurobehavioral deficits of relevance to schizophrenia. Nrg1 heterozygous (HET) mice displayed greater acute stress-induced anxiety-related behavior than wild-type (WT) mice. Repeated stress in adolescence disrupted the normal development of higher prepulse inhibition of startle selectively in Nrg1 HET mice but not in WT mice. Further, repeated stress increased dendritic spine density in pyramidal neurons of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) selectively in Nrg1 HET mice. Partial genetic deletion of Nrg1 also modulated the adaptive response of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to repeated stress, with Nrg1 HET displaying a reduced repeated stress-induced level of plasma corticosterone than WT mice. Our results demonstrate that Nrg1 confers vulnerability to repeated stress-induced sensorimotor gating deficits, dendritic spine growth in the mPFC, and an abberant endocrine response in adolescence. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.
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VizieR Online Data Catalog: What is the Milky Way outer halo made of? (Battaglia+, 2017)
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Battaglia, G.; North, P. L.; Jablonka, P.; Shetrone, M.; Minniti, D.; Diaz, M.; Starkenburg, E.; Savoy, M.
2017-10-01
High resolution spectra have been taken of 28 red giant stars members of the Galactic outer halo. Three spectrographs were used: HRS@HET (stars #1 to #7), MIKE@Magellan (stars #8 to #18), and UVES@VLT (stars #19 to #28). Stars #21, #26, and #28 were also observed with HRS@HET. Element abundances were determined using the equivalent width method. The tables 5 to 11 presented here contain the spectral line parameters, observed equivalent widths and corresponding abundances for all lines adopted for the abundance determination in the 28 stars of the sample. Table 5 contains this data for stars #1, #2, #3, #4, and #21 all observed with HRS@HET. Table 6 contains the same for stars #26, #5, #6, #7, and #28 observed with HRS@HET (note that stars #21, #26, and #28 were also observed with UVES@VLT, and we display in Tables 5 and 6 their equivalent widths and abundances based on their HRS spectra for comparison purpose). Table 7 contains the same data, but for stars #8, #9, #10, #11, and #12 observed with MIKE@Magellan; Tables 8 and 9 contain the same for stars #13, #14, #15, #16, #17 and for star #18 respectively, all observed with MIKE@Magellan. Tables 10 and 11 contain the same data for stars #19, #20, #21, #22, #23 and for stars #24, #25, #26, #27, #28 respectively, all observed with UVES@VLT. (8 data files).
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Ma, Rui-Song; Huan, Qing; Wu, Liang-Mei; Yan, Jia-Hao; Zhang, Yu-Yang; Bao, Li-Hong; Liu, Yun-Qi; Du, Shi-Xuan; Gao, Hong-Jun
2017-06-01
Not Available Project supported by the Science Fund from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant No. 2013CBA01600), the National Key Research & Development Project of China (Grant No. 2016YFA0202300), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61474141, 61674170, 61335006, 61390501, 51325204, and 51210003), the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), and Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS (Grant No. 20150005).
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
MacDonald, Brandi Lee
2017-01-01
When considered as an object, a painting consists of multiple components that, when analyzed together, have a unique story to tell about the artist, their practice, and the history of the work of art. Techniques traditionally applied in physics, including neutron-, x-radiographic and near-infrared imaging, and surface elemental analysis via x-ray fluorescence, are useful for generating significant insight into works of art. By examining the supporting material, grounds, pigments, and varnishes that a painter chose to utilize, we generate new knowledge regarding the composition, context, and decision-making involved in the creation of a work. The project `The Unvarnished Truth: exploring the material history of paintings' is an interdisciplinary initiative that incorporated the expertise of forensic art historians, conservation scientists, physicists, and biomedical engineers. Through the technical analysis of nine paintings from the McMaster Museum of Art permanent collection, we explored research questions related to painting technique, attribution, authenticity, connoisseurship, and object condition and stability. The paintings span over 500 years of European art history, and include works from Vincent Van Gogh, Alexander Rodchenko, and A. van der Neer. This project highlights the multitude of ways in which micro- and non-destructive methods can be used to answer art historical questions. This project is supported by grants from Canadian Heritage and Ontario Arts Council.
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On Detecting New Worlds: The Art of Doppler Spectroscopy with Iodine Cells
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Wang, Sharon Xuesong
2016-08-01
The first discovery of an extra-solar planet (exoplanet) around a main-sequence star, 51 Peg b, discovered using Doppler spectroscopy, opened up the field of exoplanets. For more than a decade, the dominant way for finding exoplanets was using precise Doppler spectroscopy to measure the radial velocity (RV) changes of stars. Today, precise Doppler spectroscopy is still crucial for the discovery and characterization of exoplanets, and it has a great chance for finding the first rocky exoplanet in the Habitable Zone of its host star. However, such endeavor requires an exquisite precision of 10-50 cm/s while the current state of the art is 1 m/s. This thesis set out to improve the RV precision of two precise Doppler spectrometers on two 10-meter class telescopes: HET/HRS and Keck/HIRES. Both of these spectrometers use iodine cells as their wavelength calibration sources, and their spectral data are being analyzed via forward modeling to estimate stellar RVs. Neither HET/HRS or Keck/HIRES deliver an RV precision at the photon-limited level, meaning that there are additional RV systematic errors caused by instrumental changes or errors in the data analysis. HET/HRS has an RV precision of 3-5 m/s, while Keck/HIRES has about 1-2 m/s. I have found that the leading cause behind HET/HRS's "under-performance" in comparison to Keck/HIRES is temperature changes of the iodine gas cell (and thus an inaccurate iodine reference spectrum). Another reason is the insufficient modeling of the HET/HRS instrumental profile. While Keck/HIRES does not suffer from these problems, it also has several RV systematic error sources of con siderable sizes. The work in this thesis has revealed that the errors in Keck/HIRES's stellar reference spectrum add about 1 m/s to the error budget and are the major drivers behind the spurious RV signal at the period of a sidereal year and its harmonics. Telluric contamination and errors caused by the spectral fitting algorithm also contribute on the level of 20-50 cm/s. The strategies proposed and tested in this thesis will improve the RV precision of HET/HRS and Keck/HIRES, including their decade worth of archival data. This thesis also documents my work on characterizing exoplanet orbits using RV data and the discovery of HD 37605c. It concludes with a summary of major findings and an outline of future plans to use future precise Doppler spectrometers to move towards the goal of 10 cm/s and detecting Earth 2.0.
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Diagnostics Systems for Permanent Hall Thrusters Development
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Ferreira, Jose Leonardo; Soares Ferreira, Ivan; Santos, Jean; Miranda, Rodrigo; Possa, M. Gabriela
This work describes the development of Permanent Magnet Hall Effect Plasma Thruster (PHALL) and its diagnostic systems at The Plasma Physics Laboratory of University of Brasilia. The project consists on the construction and characterization of plasma propulsion engines based on the Hall Effect. Electric thrusters have been employed in over 220 successful space missions. Two types stand out: the Hall-Effect Thruster (HET) and the Gridded Ion Engine (GIE). The first, which we deal with in this project, has the advantage of greater simplicity of operation, a smaller weight for the propulsion subsystem and a longer shelf life. It can operate in two configurations: magnetic layer and anode layer, the difference between the two lying in the positioning of the anode inside the plasma channel. A Hall-Effect Thruster-HET is a type of plasma thruster in which the propellant gas is ionized and accelerated by a magneto hydrodynamic effect combined with electrostatic ion acceleration. So the essential operating principle of the HET is that it uses a J x B force and an electrostatic potential to accelerate ions up to high speeds. In a HET, the attractive negative charge is provided by electrons at the open end of the Thruster instead of a grid, as in the case of the electrostatic ion thrusters. A strong radial magnetic field is used to hold the electrons in place, with the combination of the magnetic field and the electrostatic potential force generating a fast circulating electron current, the Hall current, around the axis of the Thruster, mainly composed by drifting electrons in an ion plasma background. Only a slow axial drift towards the anode occurs. The main attractive features of the Hall-Effect Thruster are its simple design and operating principles. Most of the Hall-Effect Thrusters use electromagnet coils to produce the main magnetic field responsible for plasma generation and acceleration. In this paper we present a different new concept, a Permanent Magnet Hall-Effect Thruster (PMHET), developed at the Plasma Physics Laboratory of UnB. The idea of using an array of permanent magnets, instead of an electromagnet, to produce a radial magnetic field inside the cylindrical plasma drift channel of the thruster is very attractive, especially because of the possibility of developing a HET with power consumption low enough to be used in small satellites or medium-size satellites with low on board power. Hall-Effect Thrusters are now a very good option for spacecraft primary propulsion and also for station-keeping of medium and large satellites. This is because of their high specific impulse, efficient use of propellant mass and combined low and precise thrust capabilities, which are related to an economy in terms of propellant mass utilization , longer satellite lifetime and easier spacecraft maneuvering in microgravity environment. The first HETs were developed in the mid 1950’s, and they were first called Closed Drift Thrusters. Today, the successful use of electric thrusters for attitude control and orbit modification on hundreds of satellites shows the advanced stage of development of this technology. In addition to this, after the success of space missions such as Deep Space One and Dawn (NASA), Hayabusa (JAXA) and Smart-1 (ESA), the employment of electric thrusters is also consolidated for the primary propulsion of spacecraft. This success is mainly due to three factors: reliability of this technology; efficiency of propellant utilization, and therefore reduction of the initial mass of the ship; possibility of operation over long time intervals, with practically unlimited cycling and restarts. This thrusting system is designed to be used in satellite attitude control and long term space missions. One of the greatest advantage of this kind of thruster is the production of a steady state magnetic field by permanent magnets providing electron trapping and Hall current generation within a significant decrease on the electric energy supply and thus turning this thruster into a specially good option when it comes to space usage for longer and deep space missions, where solar panels and electric energy storage on batteries is a limiting factor. Two prototype models of permanent magnets Hall Thrusters PHALL I and II were already developed and tested with different permanent magnets systems. From the first studies in Russia (former USSR) soon it became clear that the closed electron drift current (Hall current) inside the source channel was generated by the crossed electric and magnetic (radial) field configuration inside the cylindrical channel. The radial magnetic field action on the circular Hall current inside the channel, combined with the electric field action on the ions, is believed to be the main physical process responsible for plasma acceleration. However a good understanding of the acceleration mechanism and the steady-state plasma dynamics is still missing, and many issues concerning the role of electron transport, plasma fluctuations and instabilities are still open. In this work we describe an integrated diagnostic system used to elucidate these aspects such. Ion energy spectrum, plasma potential profiles, plasma instabilities spectrum, and electron distribution function are some of the plasma diagnosticis needed to undestand the main physics issues on Permanent Magnet Hall Thrusters.
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Analysis of the ILR Can Do Statements as a SOFTS Placement Tool
2012-09-01
Horne, A., & Van Horne, R. (2006). Promoting success of multilevel ESL classes: What teachers and administrators can do. Retrieved from www.cal.org...J. A. (1992). Bringing literacy to life: Issues and options in adult ESL literacy. San Mateo, CA: Aguirre International. SOFLO Support Project
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Show Me the Monet!...and Other Artists.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Roman, Michele
1999-01-01
Describes a project designed to advertise art history where eighth-grade students painted the classroom door windows throughout their school recreating famous classic paintings from various artists, such as Claude Monet or Vincent van Gogh. Explains that the students learned about different artistic styles and exhibited a great deal of pride in…
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Center for Transportation Research | The University of Tennessee, Knoxville
Group Tennessee Vans Research CTR Fellows Projects Publications Presentations Education Rail Courses Graders July 9-13, 2018 | 9 a.m. - Noon National Transportation Research Center (NTRC) | 2360 Cherahala -4621. Celebrating CTR's 45th Year (and counting!), 1972-2017 The Center for Transportation Research
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Teacher Education for the Future. New Directions and New Developments.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Tempero, Howard E., Ed.
This booklet contains four addresses: (1) "Toward the Year 2000: Teacher Education" by William Van Til, Coffman Distinguished Professor in Education, Indiana State University. It includes projections regarding American society, American education, and teacher education for the next third century. (This address is available separately as ED 028…
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Pullman, David; Peterson, Karen I.
2004-01-01
A scanning tunneling microscope (STM) project designed as a module for the undergraduate physical chemistry laboratory is described. The effects of van der Waals interactions on the condensed-phase structure are examined by the analysis of the pattern of the monolayer structures.
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Adult Literacy and Numeracy: Assessing Change. Adult Literacy Research Network.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Cumming, J. Joy, Ed.; van Kraayenoord, Christina E., Ed.
This document contains eight papers from an action research program to foster good practice in adult literacy provision and policy. "Introduction" (J. Joy Cumming, Christina E. van Kraayenoord) presents an overview of the action research project and individual reports. "Assessment: Making a Difference in Adult Literacy and Numeracy…
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ION ACOUSTIC TURBULENCE, ANOMALOUS TRANSPORT, AND SYSTEM DYNAMICS IN HALL EFFECT THRUSTERS
2017-06-30
17394 4 / 13 HALL EFFECT THRUSTERS Hall Effect Thrusters (HET): Traditionally Modeled in R-Z Named for Hall Current in θ Uses Quasi -1D Electron Fluid...HET): Traditionally Modeled in R-Z Named for Hall Current in θ Uses Quasi -1D Electron Fluid Solve Ohm’s Law→ No e−-momentum Zθ Unrolled to YZ...Current in θ Uses Quasi -1D Electron Fluid Solve Ohm’s Law→ No e−-momentum Zθ Unrolled to YZ Electron ExB Drift Unmagnetized Ions Results in Hall Current
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Economic Feasibility of a Siderostat-fed Liquid Mirror Telescope for Surveillance of Space
2015-04-01
in 1979 [11], and the 4.1 m Southern Observatory for Astrophysical Research, SOAR , telescope cost $28M USD to construct [12]). The issue with LMTs is...relationship, a 4 m class telescope would cost roughly $30M USD, in line with the costs of the CFHT and SOAR provided in Section 1. In Table 1 the component...quality of the HET is less than that of SOAR because HET is exclusively a spectroscopic instrument, while SALT is more general purpose and will be
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Joint measurement of complementary observables in moment tomography
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Teo, Yong Siah; Müller, Christian R.; Jeong, Hyunseok; Hradil, Zdeněk; Řeháček, Jaroslav; Sánchez-Soto, Luis L.
Wigner and Husimi quasi-distributions, owing to their functional regularity, give the two archetypal and equivalent representations of all observable-parameters in continuous-variable quantum information. Balanced homodyning (HOM) and heterodyning (HET) that correspond to their associated sampling procedures, on the other hand, fare very differently concerning their state or parameter reconstruction accuracies. We present a general theory of a now-known fact that HET can be tomographically more powerful than balanced homodyning to many interesting classes of single-mode quantum states, and discuss the treatment for two-mode sources.
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Electrochemical Cobalt-Catalyzed C-H Activation.
Sauermann, Nicolas; Meyer, Tjark H; Ackermann, Lutz
2018-06-19
Carbon-heteroatom bonds represent omnipresent structural motifs of the vast majority of functionalized materials and bioactive compounds. C-H activation has emerged as arguably the most efficient strategy to construct C-Het bonds. Despite of major advances, these C-H transformations were largely dominated by precious transition metal catalysts, in combination with stoichiometric, toxic metal oxidants. Herein, we discuss the recent evolution of cobalt-catalyzed C-H activations that enable C-Het formations with electricity as the sole sustainable oxidant until May 2018. © 2018 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
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Glombitza, Clemens; Stockhecke, Mona; Schubert, Carsten J.; Vetter, Alexandra; Kallmeyer, Jens
2013-01-01
As part of the International Continental Drilling Program deep lake drilling project PaleoVan, we investigated sulfate reduction (SR) in deep sediment cores of the saline, alkaline (salinity 21.4‰, alkalinity 155 m mEq-1, pH 9.81) Lake Van, Turkey. The cores were retrieved in the Northern Basin (NB) and at Ahlat Ridge (AR) and reached a maximum depth of 220 m. Additionally, 65–75 cm long gravity cores were taken at both sites. SR rates (SRR) were low (≤22 nmol cm-3 day-1) compared to lakes with higher salinity and alkalinity, indicating that salinity and alkalinity are not limiting SR in Lake Van. Both sites differ significantly in rates and depth distribution of SR. In NB, SRR are up to 10 times higher than at AR. SR could be detected down to 19 mblf (meters below lake floor) at NB and down to 13 mblf at AR. Although SRR were lower at AR than at NB, organic matter (OM) concentrations were higher. In contrast, dissolved OM in the pore water at AR contained more macromolecular OM and less low molecular weight OM. We thus suggest, that OM content alone cannot be used to infer microbial activity at Lake Van but that quality of OM has an important impact as well. These differences suggest that biogeochemical processes in lacustrine sediments are reacting very sensitively to small variations in geological, physical, or chemical parameters over relatively short distances. PMID:23908647
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Klug, Maren; van den Buuse, Maarten
2013-01-01
Reduced brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling has been shown in the frontal cortex and hippocampus in schizophrenia. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether a BDNF deficit would modulate effects of chronic cannabis intake, a well-described risk factor for schizophrenia development. BDNF heterozygous mice (HET) and wild-type controls were chronically treated during weeks 6, 7, and 8 of life with the cannabinoid receptor agonist, CP55,940 (CP). After a 2-week delay, there were no CP-induced deficits in any of the groups in short-term spatial memory in a Y-maze task or novel object recognition memory. Baseline prepulse inhibition (PPI) was lower but average startle was increased in BDNF HET compared to wild-type controls. Acute CP administration before the PPI session caused a marked increase in PPI in male HET mice pre-treated with CP but not in any of the other male groups. In females, there were small increases of PPI in all groups upon acute CP administration. Acute CP administration furthermore reduced startle and this effect was greater in HET mice irrespective of chronic CP pre-treatment. Analysis of the levels of [(3)H]CP55,940 binding by autoradiography revealed a significant increase in the nucleus accumbens of male BDNF HET mice previously treated with CP but not in any of the other groups or in the caudate nucleus. These results show that BDNF deficiency and chronic young-adult cannabinoid receptor stimulation do not interact in this model on learning and memory later in life. In contrast, male "two hit" mice, but not females, were hypersensitive to the effect of acute CP on sensorimotor gating. These effects may be related to a selective increase of [(3)H]CP55,940 binding in the nucleus accumbens, reflecting up-regulation of CB1 receptor density in this region. These data could be of relevance to our understanding of differential "two hit" neurodevelopmental mechanisms in schizophrenia.
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Parczewski, Miłosz; Leszczyszyn-Pynka, Magdalena; Witak-Jędra, Magdalena; Maciejewska, Katarzyna; Rymer, Weronika; Szymczak, Aleksandra; Szetela, Bartosz; Gąsiorowski, Jacek; Bociąga-Jasik, Monika; Skwara, Paweł; Garlicki, Aleksander; Grzeszczuk, Anna; Rogalska, Magdalena; Jankowska, Maria; Lemańska, Małgorzata; Hlebowicz, Maria; Barałkiewicz, Grażyna; Mozer-Lisewska, Iwona; Mazurek, Renata; Lojewski, Władyslaw; Grąbczewska, Edyta; Olczak, Anita; Jabłonowska, Elżbieta; Clark, Jeremy; Urbańska, Anna
2015-01-01
The surveillance of HIV-transmitted drug resistance mutations (t-DRMs), including temporal trends across subtypes and exposure groups, remains a priority in the current management of the epidemic worldwide. A cross-sectional analysis of 833 treatment-naive patients from 9 of 17 Polish HIV treatment centres. Partial pol sequences were used to analyse drug resistance with a general time reversible (GTR)-based maximum likelihood algorithm used for cluster/pair identification. Mutation frequencies and temporal trends were investigated. t-DRMs were observed in 9% of cases (5.8% for NRTI, 1.2% NNRTI and 2.0% PI mutations) and were more common among heterosexually infected (HET) individuals (13.4%) compared with MSM (8.3%, P = 0.03) or injection drug users (IDUs; 2.9%, P = 0.001) and in MSM compared with IDUs (P = 0.046). t-DRMs were more frequent in cases infected with the non-B variant (21.6%) compared with subtype B (6.6%, P < 0.001). With subtype B a higher mutation frequency was found in MSM compared with non-MSM cases (8.3% versus 1.8% for IDU + HET, P = 0.038), while non-B variants were associated with heterosexual exposure (30.4% for HET versus 4.8% for MSM, P = 0.019; versus 0 for IDU, P = 0.016). Trends in t-DRM frequencies were stable over time except for a decrease in NNRTI t-DRMs among MSM (P = 0.0662) and an NRTI t-DRM decrease in HET individuals (P = 0.077). With subtype B a higher frequency of sequence pairs/clusters in MSM (50.4%) was found compared with HET (P < 0.001) and IDUs (P = 0.015). Despite stable trends over time, patterns of t-DRMs differed notably between transmission categories and subtypes: subtype B was associated with MSM transmission and clustering while in non-B clades t-DRMs were more common and were associated with heterosexual infections. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.
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Navarro, Gemma; Borroto-Escuela, Dasiel; Angelats, Edgar; Etayo, Íñigo; Reyes-Resina, Irene; Pulido-Salgado, Marta; Rodríguez-Pérez, Ana I; Canela, Enric I; Saura, Josep; Lanciego, José Luis; Labandeira-García, José Luis; Saura, Carlos A; Fuxe, Kjell; Franco, Rafael
2018-01-01
Endocannabinoids are important regulators of neurotransmission and, acting on activated microglia, they are postulated as neuroprotective agents. Endocannabinoid action is mediated by CB 1 and CB 2 receptors, which may form heteromeric complexes (CB 1 -CB 2 Hets) with unknown function in microglia. We aimed at establishing the expression and signaling properties of cannabinoid receptors in resting and LPS/IFN-γ-activated microglia. In activated microglia mRNA transcripts increased (2 fold for CB 1 and circa 20 fold for CB 2 ), whereas receptor levels were similar for CB 1 and markedly upregulated for CB 2 ; CB 1 -CB 2 Hets were also upregulated. Unlike in resting cells, CB 2 receptors became robustly coupled to G i in activated cells, in which CB 1 -CB 2 Hets mediated a potentiation effect. Hence, resting cells were refractory while activated cells were highly responsive to cannabinoids. Interestingly, similar results were obtained in cultures treated with ß-amyloid (Aß 1-42 ). Microglial activation markers were detected in the striatum of a Parkinson's disease (PD) model and, remarkably, in primary microglia cultures from the hippocampus of mutant β-amyloid precursor protein (APP Sw,Ind ) mice, a transgenic Alzheimer's disease (AD) model. Also of note was the similar cannabinoid receptor signaling found in primary cultures of microglia from APP Sw,Ind and in cells from control animals activated using LPS plus IFN-γ. Expression of CB 1 -CB 2 Hets was increased in the striatum from rats rendered dyskinetic by chronic levodopa treatment. In summary, our results showed sensitivity of activated microglial cells to cannabinoids, increased CB 1 -CB 2 Het expression in activated microglia and in microglia from the hippocampus of an AD model, and a correlation between levodopa-induced dyskinesia and striatal microglial activation in a PD model. Cannabinoid receptors and the CB 1 -CB 2 heteroreceptor complex in activated microglia have potential as targets in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Zhao, Fujun; Wang, Jing; Yang, Yanmei; Wang, Xiaoyong; Shi, Ruihua; Xu, Zekuan; Huang, Zuhu; Zhang, Guoxin
2008-12-01
CYP2C19 polymorphisms have been inconsistently reported to associate with the efficacy of proton pump inhibitor (PPI)-based triple therapies for eradicating Helicobacter pylori infection. The aim of this meta-analysis was to determine whether CYP2C19 polymorphism affect H. pylori eradication rates obtained with first-line PPI-based triple therapies. A systematic literature search was conducted up to July 2007 using Medline, PubMed, EMBase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), ISI Web of Science, CNKI (Chinese), and Wanfang (Chinese) digital database. MeSH terms and keywords included proton pump inhibitor, omeprazole, lansoprazole, rabeprazole, pantoprazole, or esomeprazole, cytochrome P4502C19 or CYP2C19, and Helicobacter pylori or H. pylori. Twenty articles met the inclusion criteria, and were included in the meta-analysis by using Review Manager 4.2.8. Eradication rates were significantly different between poor metabolizers (PM) and heterozygous extensive metabolizers (HetEM) (odds ratio (OR) = 1.73, p = .002) and between PM and homozygous extensive metabolizers (HomEM) (OR = 2.79, p < .0001). Moreover, eradication rates were also significant difference between HetEM and HomEM (OR = 2.00, p < .0001). Triple omeprazole and lansoprazole therapies achieved higher H. pylori eradication rates in PM than in HomEM (OR = 4.28, p = .0005 for omeprazole and OR = 3.06, p = .001 for lansoprazole), and higher in HetEM than those in HomEM (OR = 3.22, p < .0001 for omeprazole and OR = 1.95, p = .040 for lansoprazole). Rabeprazole therapies had no significant effect on H. pylori eradication rates (between PM and HomEM, OR = 1.35, p = .610 and between HetEM and HomEM, OR = 1.57, p = .190). No significant difference in H. pylori eradication rates between PM and HetEM was observed in the three individual PPI therapies. The efficacy of omeprazole- and lansoprazole-based first-line triple therapies at the standard doses is dependent on CYP2C19 genotype status, which appears not to affect the efficacy of the regimens including rabeprazole.
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Klug, Maren; van den Buuse, Maarten
2013-01-01
Reduced brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling has been shown in the frontal cortex and hippocampus in schizophrenia. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether a BDNF deficit would modulate effects of chronic cannabis intake, a well-described risk factor for schizophrenia development. BDNF heterozygous mice (HET) and wild-type controls were chronically treated during weeks 6, 7, and 8 of life with the cannabinoid receptor agonist, CP55,940 (CP). After a 2-week delay, there were no CP-induced deficits in any of the groups in short-term spatial memory in a Y-maze task or novel object recognition memory. Baseline prepulse inhibition (PPI) was lower but average startle was increased in BDNF HET compared to wild-type controls. Acute CP administration before the PPI session caused a marked increase in PPI in male HET mice pre-treated with CP but not in any of the other male groups. In females, there were small increases of PPI in all groups upon acute CP administration. Acute CP administration furthermore reduced startle and this effect was greater in HET mice irrespective of chronic CP pre-treatment. Analysis of the levels of [3H]CP55,940 binding by autoradiography revealed a significant increase in the nucleus accumbens of male BDNF HET mice previously treated with CP but not in any of the other groups or in the caudate nucleus. These results show that BDNF deficiency and chronic young-adult cannabinoid receptor stimulation do not interact in this model on learning and memory later in life. In contrast, male “two hit” mice, but not females, were hypersensitive to the effect of acute CP on sensorimotor gating. These effects may be related to a selective increase of [3H]CP55,940 binding in the nucleus accumbens, reflecting up-regulation of CB1 receptor density in this region. These data could be of relevance to our understanding of differential “two hit” neurodevelopmental mechanisms in schizophrenia. PMID:24155701
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Huang, Feifei; Liu, Yang; Yang, Xia; Che, Di; Qiu, Kaifeng; Hammock, Bruce D; Wang, Jingfeng; Wang, Mong-Heng; Chen, Jie; Huang, Hui
2017-08-01
Therapeutic angiogenesis is a pivotal strategy for ischemic heart disease. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect and molecular mechanism of Shexiang Baoxin pills, a widely-used traditional Chinese medicine for ischemic heart disease, on angiogenesis in a rat model of myocardial infarction (MI). We used the occlusion of left anterior descending coronary artery of Sprague-Dawley rats as a model of MI. The MI rats were treated with distilled water, Shexiang Baoxin pills, or Shexiang Baoxin pills + HET0016 (a selective blocker of the biosynthesis of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) at 10 mg/kg/day), respectively. Sham-operated rats were used as controls. Treatment with Shexiang Baoxin pills increases the level of serum 20-HETE in MI rats, which can be suppressed by HET0016 treatment. Shexiang Baoxin pills shows cardio-protective effects on MI rats, including improving cardiac function, decreasing infarction area, and promoting angiogenesis in peri-infarct area. The protective effects of Shexiang Baoxin pills are partly inhibited by HET0016. Furthermore, Shexiang Baoxin pills enhances the number of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and the expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), based on immunohistochemical analysis, in peri-infarct area of MI rats, which is partly suppressed by HET0016. Shexiang Baoxin pills may partially participate in angiogenesis in MI rats. The protective mechanism of Shexiang Baoxin pills may be mediated via up-regulation of 20-HETE, which promotes EPCs mobilization and VEGF expression. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Pate, Kathryn M; Sherk, Vanessa D; Carpenter, R Dana; Weaver, Michael; Crapo, Silvia; Gally, Fabienne; Chatham, Lillian S; Goldstrohm, David A; Crapo, James D; Kohrt, Wendy M; Bowler, Russell P; Oberley-Deegan, Rebecca E; Regan, Elizabeth A
2015-03-15
Osteoarthritis (OA) is associated with increased mechanical damage to joint cartilage. We have previously found that extracellular superoxide dismutase (ECSOD) is decreased in OA joint fluid and cartilage, suggesting oxidant damage may play a role in OA. We explored the effect of forced running as a surrogate for mechanical damage in a transgenic mouse with reduced ECSOD tissue binding. Transgenic mice heterozygous (Het) for the human ECSOD R213G polymorphism and 129-SvEv (wild-type, WT) mice were exposed to forced running on a treadmill for 45 min/day, 5 days/wk, over 8 wk. At the end of the running protocol, knee joint tissue was obtained for histology, immunohistochemistry, and protein analysis. Sedentary Het and WT mice were maintained for comparison. Whole tibias were studied for bone morphometry, finite element analysis, and mechanical testing. Forced running improved joint histology in WT mice. However, when ECSOD levels were reduced, this beneficial effect with running was lost. Het ECSOD runner mice had significantly worse histology scores compared with WT runner mice. Runner mice for both strains had increased bone strength in response to the running protocol, while Het mice showed evidence of a less robust bone structure in both runners and untrained mice. Reduced levels of ECSOD in cartilage produced joint damage when joints were stressed by forced running. The bone tissues responded to increased loading with hypertrophy, regardless of mouse strain. We conclude that ECSOD plays an important role in protecting cartilage from damage caused by mechanical loading. Copyright © 2015 the American Physiological Society.
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Xiao, Zhu; Liu, Hongjing; Havyarimana, Vincent; Li, Tong; Wang, Dong
2016-11-04
In this paper, we investigate the coverage performance and energy efficiency of multi-tier heterogeneous cellular networks (HetNets) which are composed of macrocells and different types of small cells, i.e., picocells and femtocells. By virtue of stochastic geometry tools, we model the multi-tier HetNets based on a Poisson point process (PPP) and analyze the Signal to Interference Ratio (SIR) via studying the cumulative interference from pico-tier and femto-tier. We then derive the analytical expressions of coverage probabilities in order to evaluate coverage performance in different tiers and investigate how it varies with the small cells' deployment density. By taking the fairness and user experience into consideration, we propose a disjoint channel allocation scheme and derive the system channel throughput for various tiers. Further, we formulate the energy efficiency optimization problem for multi-tier HetNets in terms of throughput performance and resource allocation fairness. To solve this problem, we devise a linear programming based approach to obtain the available area of the feasible solutions. System-level simulations demonstrate that the small cells' deployment density has a significant effect on the coverage performance and energy efficiency. Simulation results also reveal that there exits an optimal small cell base station (SBS) density ratio between pico-tier and femto-tier which can be applied to maximize the energy efficiency and at the same time enhance the system performance. Our findings provide guidance for the design of multi-tier HetNets for improving the coverage performance as well as the energy efficiency.
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Xiao, Zhu; Liu, Hongjing; Havyarimana, Vincent; Li, Tong; Wang, Dong
2016-01-01
In this paper, we investigate the coverage performance and energy efficiency of multi-tier heterogeneous cellular networks (HetNets) which are composed of macrocells and different types of small cells, i.e., picocells and femtocells. By virtue of stochastic geometry tools, we model the multi-tier HetNets based on a Poisson point process (PPP) and analyze the Signal to Interference Ratio (SIR) via studying the cumulative interference from pico-tier and femto-tier. We then derive the analytical expressions of coverage probabilities in order to evaluate coverage performance in different tiers and investigate how it varies with the small cells’ deployment density. By taking the fairness and user experience into consideration, we propose a disjoint channel allocation scheme and derive the system channel throughput for various tiers. Further, we formulate the energy efficiency optimization problem for multi-tier HetNets in terms of throughput performance and resource allocation fairness. To solve this problem, we devise a linear programming based approach to obtain the available area of the feasible solutions. System-level simulations demonstrate that the small cells’ deployment density has a significant effect on the coverage performance and energy efficiency. Simulation results also reveal that there exits an optimal small cell base station (SBS) density ratio between pico-tier and femto-tier which can be applied to maximize the energy efficiency and at the same time enhance the system performance. Our findings provide guidance for the design of multi-tier HetNets for improving the coverage performance as well as the energy efficiency. PMID:27827917
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Marginal Structural Models with Counterfactual Effect Modifiers.
Zheng, Wenjing; Luo, Zhehui; van der Laan, Mark J
2018-06-08
In health and social sciences, research questions often involve systematic assessment of the modification of treatment causal effect by patient characteristics. In longitudinal settings, time-varying or post-intervention effect modifiers are also of interest. In this work, we investigate the robust and efficient estimation of the Counterfactual-History-Adjusted Marginal Structural Model (van der Laan MJ, Petersen M. Statistical learning of origin-specific statically optimal individualized treatment rules. Int J Biostat. 2007;3), which models the conditional intervention-specific mean outcome given a counterfactual modifier history in an ideal experiment. We establish the semiparametric efficiency theory for these models, and present a substitution-based, semiparametric efficient and doubly robust estimator using the targeted maximum likelihood estimation methodology (TMLE, e.g. van der Laan MJ, Rubin DB. Targeted maximum likelihood learning. Int J Biostat. 2006;2, van der Laan MJ, Rose S. Targeted learning: causal inference for observational and experimental data, 1st ed. Springer Series in Statistics. Springer, 2011). To facilitate implementation in applications where the effect modifier is high dimensional, our third contribution is a projected influence function (and the corresponding projected TMLE estimator), which retains most of the robustness of its efficient peer and can be easily implemented in applications where the use of the efficient influence function becomes taxing. We compare the projected TMLE estimator with an Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighted estimator (e.g. Robins JM. Marginal structural models. In: Proceedings of the American Statistical Association. Section on Bayesian Statistical Science, 1-10. 1997a, Hernan MA, Brumback B, Robins JM. Marginal structural models to estimate the causal effect of zidovudine on the survival of HIV-positive men. 2000;11:561-570), and a non-targeted G-computation estimator (Robins JM. A new approach to causal inference in mortality studies with sustained exposure periods - application to control of the healthy worker survivor effect. Math Modell. 1986;7:1393-1512.). The comparative performance of these estimators is assessed in a simulation study. The use of the projected TMLE estimator is illustrated in a secondary data analysis for the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D) trial where effect modifiers are subject to missing at random.
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IRAK4 deficiency promotes cardiac remodeling induced by pressure overload
Yuan, Yuan; Gan, Huawen; Dai, Jia; Zhou, Heng; Deng, Wei; Zong, Jing; Bian, Zhouyan; Liao, Haihan; Li, Hongliang; Tang, Qizhu
2015-01-01
Background: Interluekin1 receptor-associated kinase-4 (IRAK4) plays an essential role in the innate immune system. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of IRAK4 in cardiac remodeling induced by pressure overload and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Methods: In vivo studies were performed using IRAK4 heterozygous knockout (HET) mice and wild type (WT) mice. Models of cardiac remodeling were induced by aortic banding (AB). Cardiac remodeling was evaluated by Echocardiography and histological analysis. Results: IRAK4 was upregulated in hearts of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) patients and also pressure overload-induced mice hearts. IRAK4 HET mice exhibited exacerbated cardiac hypertrophy, dysfunction and fibrosis after 4 weeks of AB compared with that in WT mice. Furthermore, enhanced activation of the MEK-ERK1/2, p38 and NFκB pathways was found in IRAK4 HET mice compared to WT mice. Conclusion: Our results suggest that IRAK4 may play a crucial role in the development of cardiac remodeling via negative regulation of multiple signaling pathways. PMID:26884959
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Computing Challenges in Coded Mask Imaging
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Skinner, Gerald
2009-01-01
This slide presaentation reviews the complications and challenges in developing computer systems for Coded Mask Imaging telescopes. The coded mask technique is used when there is no other way to create the telescope, (i.e., when there are wide fields of view, high energies for focusing or low energies for the Compton/Tracker Techniques and very good angular resolution.) The coded mask telescope is described, and the mask is reviewed. The coded Masks for the INTErnational Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory (INTEGRAL) instruments are shown, and a chart showing the types of position sensitive detectors used for the coded mask telescopes is also reviewed. Slides describe the mechanism of recovering an image from the masked pattern. The correlation with the mask pattern is described. The Matrix approach is reviewed, and other approaches to image reconstruction are described. Included in the presentation is a review of the Energetic X-ray Imaging Survey Telescope (EXIST) / High Energy Telescope (HET), with information about the mission, the operation of the telescope, comparison of the EXIST/HET with the SWIFT/BAT and details of the design of the EXIST/HET.
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Dopamine neuron dependent behaviors mediated by glutamate cotransmission
Mingote, Susana; Chuhma, Nao; Kalmbach, Abigail; Thomsen, Gretchen M; Wang, Yvonne; Mihali, Andra; Sferrazza, Caroline; Zucker-Scharff, Ilana; Siena, Anna-Claire; Welch, Martha G; Lizardi-Ortiz, José; Sulzer, David; Moore, Holly; Gaisler-Salomon, Inna; Rayport, Stephen
2017-01-01
Dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area use glutamate as a cotransmitter. To elucidate the behavioral role of the cotransmission, we targeted the glutamate-recycling enzyme glutaminase (gene Gls1). In mice with a dopamine transporter (Slc6a3)-driven conditional heterozygous (cHET) reduction of Gls1 in their dopamine neurons, dopamine neuron survival and transmission were unaffected, while glutamate cotransmission at phasic firing frequencies was reduced, enabling a selective focus on the cotransmission. The mice showed normal emotional and motor behaviors, and an unaffected response to acute amphetamine. Strikingly, amphetamine sensitization was reduced and latent inhibition potentiated. These behavioral effects, also seen in global GLS1 HETs with a schizophrenia resilience phenotype, were not seen in mice with an Emx1-driven forebrain reduction affecting most brain glutamatergic neurons. Thus, a reduction in dopamine neuron glutamate cotransmission appears to mediate significant components of the GLS1 HET schizophrenia resilience phenotype, and glutamate cotransmission appears to be important in attribution of motivational salience. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.27566.001 PMID:28703706
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vGLUT2 heterozygous mice show more susceptibility to clonic seizures induced by pentylenetetrazol.
Schallier, Anneleen; Massie, Ann; Loyens, Ellen; Moechars, Diederik; Drinkenburg, Wilhelmus; Michotte, Yvette; Smolders, Ilse
2009-01-01
Glutamate, the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, is well known to be implicated in epileptic seizures. Therefore, impairments in glutamate transport could have an involvement in the mechanism of epileptogenesis. The uptake of glutamate into synaptic vesicles is mediated by vesicular glutamate transporters (vGLUTs). There are three known vGLUT isoforms, vGLUT1-3. In this study, we are particularly interested in the vGLUT2 isoform. We investigated the possible role of vGLUT2 in pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizure generation. Seizure threshold of PTZ was compared in vGLUT2 heterozygous knock out (HET) and wild type (WT) mice. In comparison with their WT littermates a lower dose of PTZ was needed in the vGLUT2 HET mice until the onset of the first myoclonic jerk. The threshold for PTZ-induced clonic seizure activity was also lower in the vGLUT2 HET mice. These results indicate, for the first time, that vGLUT2 is likely involved in the epileptogenesis of generalized seizures.
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Learning in Retirement Peer Instructors: In over Their Heads or Swimming Comfortably?
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Erickson, Diane
2009-01-01
The lengthening span of retirement, combined with projections of a growing aging population, has made the retirement population an increasingly important consumer group in education (Van der Kamp & Scheeren, 1997). In the 1960s, educational programming efforts for seniors were grounded in assumptions of decline. These assumptions, and a life…
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Alternative Fuels Data Center: Delaware Reduces Truck Idling With
and saves money with electrified parking areas. For information about this project, contact State of Florida Feb. 15, 2014 Renzenberger Inc Saves Money With Propane Vans Feb. 1, 2014 Photo of an electric Buses Help Kansas City Save Money Nov. 12, 2011 Metropolitan Utilities District Fuels Vehicles With
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Networks of Innovation: Towards New Models for Managing Schools and Systems. Schooling for Tomorrow.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Istance, David, Comp.; Kobayashi, Mariko, Comp.
This book contains a collection of papers from the Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development's Schooling for Tomorrow project. The first part contains papers on networks and governance in schooling as follows: "Networking in Society, Organisations and Education" (Hans F. van Aalst); "Schooling for Tomorrow: Networks of…
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Bernard Van Leer Foundation, The Hague (Netherlands).
The first section of this program report is a general description of the Bernard van Leer Foundation and its work. The second and third sections are the Foundation's annual report and financial report for 1990. The fourth and largest section of the program report consists of descriptions of 107 projects in 41 countries that are financed and…
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Guidelines for Development and Use of Mobile Metric Education Laboratories.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Carr, Edwin M.; And Others
Information is provided for projects on metric education involving the use of motor vehicles or vans as mobile laboratories or demonstration units. Included are various types and functions of mobile education facilities in common use in recent years in both mathematics and non-mathematics areas, with descriptions of several current metric mobile…
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1991-09-01
small R ( Pauli orthogonalization) for all nonbonded 15 electrons. Referred to as van der Waals interactions, these interactions are generally as- sumed...on AFOSR Project 1. Professor William A. Goddard III 2. Postdoctoral Fellows: Dr. Siddharth Dasgupta Dr. Chih-mai Kao (departed June 1988) Dr. Jung
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Multimodal Representations: A Fifth-Grade Teacher Influences Students' Design and Production
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Shanahan, Lynn E.
2013-01-01
The purpose of this interpretive case study is to explore--through a close analysis of one fifth-grade class project--teacher's scaffolding and students' use of visual and linguistic modes when composing multimodally. Using Kress and van Leeuwen's multimodal theory of communication as a framework, this case study examines why teachers, whose…
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The Nearctic species of Telmaturgus (Diptera: Dolichopodidae)
Justin B. Runyon
2012-01-01
The sympycnine genus Telmaturgus Mik is reviewed for the Nearctic region, and includes three species: Telmaturgus parvus (Van Duzee), Telmaturgus robinsoni sp. nov., and Telmaturgus vockerothi sp. nov. Species of Telmaturgus can be recognized by the reduced number of dorsocentral setae (three pairs in Nearctic species) and the projecting lower face of females....
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Bean, Jacob L.; McArthur, Barbara E.; Benedict, G. Fritz; Harrison, Thomas E.; Bizyaev, Dmitry; Nelan, Edmund; Smith, Verne V.
2007-08-01
We have determined a dynamical mass for the companion to HD 33636 that indicates it is a low-mass star instead of an exoplanet. Our result is based on an analysis of Hubble Space Telescope (HST) astrometry and ground-based radial velocity data. We have obtained high-cadence radial velocity measurements spanning 1.3 yr of HD 33636 with the Hobby-Eberly Telescope at McDonald Observatory. We combined these data with previously published velocities to create a data set that spans 9 yr. We used this data set to search for, and place mass limits on, the existence of additional companions in the HD 33636 system. Our high-precision astrometric observations of the system with the HST Fine Guidance Sensor 1r span 1.2 yr. We simultaneously modeled the radial velocity and astrometry data to determine the parallax, proper motion, and perturbation orbit parameters of HD 33636. Our derived parallax, πabs=35.6+/-0.2 mas, agrees within the uncertainties with the Hipparcos value. We find a perturbation period P=2117.3+/-0.8 days, semimajor axis aA=14.2+/-0.2 mas, and system inclination i=4.1deg+/-0.1deg. Assuming the mass of the primary star to be MA=1.02+/-0.03 Msolar, we obtain a companion mass MB=142+/-11 MJup=0.14+/-0.01 Msolar. The much larger true mass of the companion relative to its minimum mass estimated from the spectroscopic orbit parameters (Msini=9.3 MJup) is due to the nearly face-on orbit orientation. This result demonstrates the value of follow-up astrometric observations to determine the true masses of exoplanet candidates detected with the radial velocity method. Based on data obtained with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and the Hobby-Eberly Telescope (HET). The HST observations were obtained at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-26555. The HET is a joint project of the University of Texas at Austin, Pennsylvania State University, Stanford University, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Müenchen, and Georg-August-Universität Göttingen. The HET is named in honor of its principal benefactors, William P. Hobby and Robert E. Eberly.
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Holocene palaeoDEMs for lowland coastal and delta plain landscape reconstructions
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Cohen, Kim M.; Koster, Kay; Pierik, Harm-Jan; Van der Meulen, Bas; Hijma, Marc; Schokker, Jeroen; Stafleu, Jan
2017-04-01
Geological mapping of Holocene deposits of coastal plains, such as that of The Netherlands can reach high resolution (dense population, diverse applied usage) and good time control (14C dating, archaeology). The next step is then to create time sliced reconstructions for stages in the Holocene, peeling of the subrecent and exposing past relief situation. This includes winding back the history of sea-level rise and delta progradation etc. etc. So far, this has mainly be done as 2D series of landscape maps, or as sea-level curve age-depth plots. In the last decade, academic and applied projects at Utrecht University, TNO Geological Survey of The Netherlands and Deltares have developed palaeoDEMs for the Dutch low lands, that are a third main way of showing coastal plain evolution. Importantly, we produce two types of palaeoDEMs: (1) geological surface mapping using deposit contacts from borehole descriptions (and scripted 3D processing techniques - e.g. Van der Meulen et al. 2013) and (2) palaeogroundwater surfaces, using sea-level and inland water-level index-points (and 3D kriging interpolations - e.g. Koster et al. 2016). The applications for the combined palaeoDEMs range from relative sea-level rise mapping and assessment of variation in rate of GIA across the coastal plain, to quantification of soft soil deformation, to analysis of pre-embankment extreme flood levels. Koster, K., Stafleu, J., & Cohen, K.M. (2016). Generic 3D interpolation of Holocene base-level rise and provision of accommodation space, developed for the Netherlands coastal plain and infilled palaeovalleys. Basin Research. DOI 10.1111/bre.12202 Van der Meulen, M.J., Doornenbal, J.C., Gunnink, J.L., Stafleu, J., Schokker, J., Vernes, R.W., Van Geer, F.C., Van Gessel, S.F., Van Heteren, S., Van Leeuwen, R.J.W. & Bakker, M.A.J. (2013). 3D geology in a 2D country: perspectives for geological surveying in the Netherlands. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences, 92, 217-241. DOI 10.1017/S0016774600000184
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Andini, S.; Fitriana, L.; Budiyono
2018-03-01
This study presents partial result from the project “Geometry in Flipbook Multimedia: A Technology Role in Improving Mathematical Learning Quality in Madiun”, which was undertaken to explore the skill of geometry and passing rate of van Hiele’s geometric thinking level, especially for the first three level. The material focus of the study is a two-dimensional figure and reviewed from basic skill aspect of geometry (visual, verbal, drawing, logic, and application). The participants were 30 students in the 6 grade of elementary school in Madiun, East Java. The data collecting technique for this study there are a test instrument of van Hiele geometry (VHG) and an interview’s instrument about characteristics geometry basic skill. After the test, twelve students from participants were randomly selected interviewed to determine their geometry basic skill. This study found that (1) most of the students of 6 grade can only reach the first level is about 69%, the passing rate at the second level test is about 49%, and at the third level, the average of students' achievement is 35%, (2) if viewed from five basic skills of geometry, most of the students have a low mastery, and (3) the achievement of grade six students are inclined high in first level and low in third level based on van Hiele’s Geometric Thinking Level.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Hessma, F. V.
2004-10-01
The ``MOnitoring NEtwork of Telescopes'' (MONET) consists of two 1.2-m imaging telescopes funded by the Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach Foundation and the Georg-August-Universität Göttingen and will be operated by the McDonald Observatory in West Texas and the South African Astronomical Observatory at Sutherland. Scheduled to go into full operation in 2005, it will be used to perform a variety of monitoring and survey observations over the whole sky, to aid observations by satellites and 10m-class telescopes like the VLT, HET and SALT telescopes, and will be available to participating school classes all over the world. Through our development and use of Remote Telescope Markup Language (RTML), MONET should be one of the kernels of a growing international network of heterogeneous telescopes.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Stork, David G.
2004-04-01
It has recently been claimed that some painters in the early Renaissance employed optical devices, specifically concave mirrors, to project images onto their canvas or other support (paper, oak panel, etc.) which they then traced or painted over. In this way, according to the theory, artists achieved their newfound heightened realism. We apply geometric image analysis to the parts of two paintings specifically adduced as evidence supporting this bold theory: the splendid, meticulous chandelier in Jan van Eyck's "Portrait of Arnolfini and his wife," and the trellis in the right panel of Robert Campin's "Merode Altarpiece." It has further been claimed that this trellis is the earliest surviving image captured using the projection of any optical device - a claim that, if correct, would have profound import for the histories of art, science and optical technology. Our analyses show that the Arnolfini chandelier fails standard tests of perspective coherence that would indicate an optical projection. Or more specifically, for the physical Arnolfini chandelier to be consistent with an optical projection, that chandelier would have to be implausibly irregular, as judged in comparison to surviving chandeliers and candelabras from the same 15th-century European schools. We find that had Campin painted the trellis using projections, he would have performed an extraordinarily precise and complex procedure using the most sophisticated optical system of his day (for which there is no documentary evidence), a conclusion supported by an attempted "re-enactment." We provide a far more simple, parsimonious and plausible explanation, which we demonstrate by a simple experiment. Our analyses lead us to reject the optical projection theory for these paintings, a conclusion that comports with the vast scholarly consensus on Renaissance working methods and the lack of documentary evidence for optical projections onto a screen.
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Network switching strategy for energy conservation in heterogeneous networks.
Song, Yujae; Choi, Wooyeol; Baek, Seungjae
2017-01-01
In heterogeneous networks (HetNets), the large-scale deployment of small base stations (BSs) together with traditional macro BSs is an economical and efficient solution that is employed to address the exponential growth in mobile data traffic. In dense HetNets, network switching, i.e., handovers, plays a critical role in connecting a mobile terminal (MT) to the best of all accessible networks. In the existing literature, a handover decision is made using various handover metrics such as the signal-to-noise ratio, data rate, and movement speed. However, there are few studies on handovers that focus on energy efficiency in HetNets. In this paper, we propose a handover strategy that helps to minimize energy consumption at BSs in HetNets without compromising the quality of service (QoS) of each MT. The proposed handover strategy aims to capture the effect of the stochastic behavior of handover parameters and the expected energy consumption due to handover execution when making a handover decision. To identify the validity of the proposed handover strategy, we formulate a handover problem as a constrained Markov decision process (CMDP), by which the effects of the stochastic behaviors of handover parameters and consequential handover energy consumption can be accurately reflected when making a handover decision. In the CMDP, the aim is to minimize the energy consumption to service an MT over the lifetime of its connection, and the constraint is to guarantee the QoS requirements of the MT given in terms of the transmission delay and call-dropping probability. We find an optimal policy for the CMDP using a combination of the Lagrangian method and value iteration. Simulation results verify the validity of the proposed handover strategy.
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Watson, Dionysios C.; Yung, Bryant C.; Bergamaschi, Cristina; Chowdhury, Bhabadeb; Bear, Jenifer; Stellas, Dimitris; Morales-Kastresana, Aizea; Jones, Jennifer C.; Felber, Barbara K.; Chen, Xiaoyuan; Pavlakis, George N.
2018-01-01
ABSTRACT The development of extracellular vesicles (EV) for therapeutic applications is contingent upon the establishment of reproducible, scalable, and high-throughput methods for the production and purification of clinical grade EV. Methods including ultracentrifugation (U/C), ultrafiltration, immunoprecipitation, and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) have been employed to isolate EV, each facing limitations such as efficiency, particle purity, lengthy processing time, and/or sample volume. We developed a cGMP-compatible method for the scalable production, concentration, and isolation of EV through a strategy involving bioreactor culture, tangential flow filtration (TFF), and preparative SEC. We applied this purification method for the isolation of engineered EV carrying multiple complexes of a novel human immunostimulatory cytokine-fusion protein, heterodimeric IL-15 (hetIL-15)/lactadherin. HEK293 cells stably expressing the fusion cytokine were cultured in a hollow-fibre bioreactor. Conditioned medium was collected and EV were isolated comparing three procedures: U/C, SEC, or TFF + SEC. SEC demonstrated comparable particle recovery, size distribution, and hetIL-15 density as U/C purification. Relative to U/C, SEC preparations achieved a 100-fold reduction in ferritin concentration, a major protein-complex contaminant. Comparative proteomics suggested that SEC additionally decreased the abundance of cytoplasmic proteins not associated with EV. Combination of TFF and SEC allowed for bulk processing of large starting volumes, and resulted in bioactive EV, without significant loss in particle yield or changes in size, morphology, and hetIL-15/lactadherin density. Taken together, the combination of bioreactor culture with TFF + SEC comprises a scalable, efficient method for the production of highly purified, bioactive EV carrying hetIL-15/lactadherin, which may be useful in targeted cancer immunotherapy approaches. PMID:29535850
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Ronto, Rimante; Ball, Lauren; Pendergast, Donna; Harris, Neil
2017-01-01
The high school setting has been identified as an ideal setting to teach adolescents about healthy dietary behaviours. This study explored home economics teachers' (HETs) views on the role of high schools in enhancing adolescents' food literacy and promoting healthy dietary behaviours. Semi-structured interviews with 22 HETs were conducted. The interview questions focused on the perceived strengths/opportunities and the limitations/barriers in enhancing adolescents' food literacy and healthy dietary behaviours in Australian high schools. Thematic data analysis was used to identify five key themes from the interview transcripts: (1) the standing of food-related life skills; (2) food literacy in the Australian school curriculum; (3) emphasis on resources; (4) learning through school canteens; and (5) building a school to home and community nexus. Overall, HETs reported that home economics was regarded by parents and other school staff to be less important than Maths or English for adolescents to learn in Australian high schools. Some teachers indicated that their schools offered one year compulsory teaching of food related studies which is typically delivered in the leaning areas of Technologies or Health and Physical Education (HPE). However, HETs stated that the time was insufficient to develop sustainable food-related life skills and introduce broader concepts of food literacy such as environmental sustainability. The lack of financial resources and non-supportive school food environments, including school canteens, were reportedly major factors that prevented food literacy education and healthy dietary behaviours of adolescents. Increasing the status of food literacy education in schools would support adolescents to develop food-related life skills and mobilise them as agents of dietary behaviour change in the home setting. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Boscolo-Berto, Rafael; Viel, Guido; Montisci, Massimo; Terranova, Claudio; Favretto, Donata; Ferrara, Santo Davide
2013-05-01
In both clinical and forensic settings, hair analysis for ethyl glucuronide (HEtG) has been increasingly employed for diagnosing chronic excessive drinking and, more recently, for monitoring abstinence. This paper aims at meta-analysing published data on HEtG concentrations in teetotallers, social drinkers and heavy drinkers in order to evaluate the use of this marker in hair for identifying chronic excessive drinking and for monitoring abstinence. In May 2012, a systematic multi-database search retrieved 366 records related to HEtG and further screened for relevant publications in the field. Fifteen (4.1 %) records matched the selection criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. The mean and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) of HEtG concentrations in social drinkers (mean 7.5 pg/mg; 95 % CI 4.7-10.2 pg/mg; p < 0.001), heavy drinkers (mean 142.7 pg/mg; 95 % CI 99.9-185.5 pg/mg; p < 0.001) and deceased subjects with a known history of chronic excessive drinking (mean 586.1 pg/mg; 95 % CI 177.2-995.0 pg/mg; p < 0.01) were calculated. The ranges of mean values and 95 % confidence intervals for single studies involving teetotallers/social or social/heavy drinkers showed a partial overlap with a down-trespassing of both the 7 and 30 pg/mg thresholds for social and heavy drinkers, respectively. Although larger and well-designed population studies are required to draw any definitive conclusion, our data show that the cut-off of 30 pg/mg limits the false-negative effect in differentiating heavy from social drinkers, whereas the recently proposed 7 pg/mg cut-off value might only be used for suspecting an active alcohol use, and not for proving complete abstinence.
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Crawshaw, Benjamin P; Russ, Andrew J; Ermlich, Bridget O; Delaney, Conor P; Champagne, Bradley J
2016-12-01
Background Existing nonsurgical procedures for the treatment of grade I and II internal hemorrhoids are often painful, technically demanding, and often necessitate multiple applications. This study prospectively assessed the safety and efficacy of the HET Bipolar System, a novel minimally invasive device, in the treatment of symptomatic grade I and II internal hemorrhoids. Methods Patients with symptomatic grade I or II internal hemorrhoids despite medical management underwent hemorrhoidal ligation with the HET Bipolar System. Endpoints included resolution or improvement of hemorrhoidal bleeding and/or prolapse from baseline, recurrent or refractory symptoms, and pain. Results Twenty patients were treated with the HET Bipolar System. Two were lost to follow-up. Refractory or recurrent bleeding was present in 8 of 18 (44.4%), 4 of 11 (36.4%), and 4 of 8 (50.0%) patients, and prolapse was reported by 1 of 18 (5.6%), 4 of 11 (36.4%), and 1/7 (14.3%) of patients at 1, 3, and 6 months, respectively. Bleeding improved from baseline in 88.2%, 81.8%, and 87.5% of patients, and resolution of baseline prolapse was seen in 11 of 11 (100%), 4 of 7 (57.1%), and 5 of 5 (100%) patients at the same intervals. Thirteen of 18 (72.2%) patients did not require additional treatment for their symptoms. Conclusions The HET Bipolar System is safe and easy to use with short-term effectiveness comparable to that of currently used techniques for the treatment of symptomatic grade I and II internal hemorrhoids. It may be an effective alternative to rubber band ligation in patients with larger internal hemorrhoids and those with hemorrhoids close to the dentate line in which banding may produce debilitating pain. © The Author(s) 2016.
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DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Chen, Susie A.; Ogunleye, Tomiwa; Dhabbaan, Anees
Purpose: Temporary tissue expanders (TTE) with an internal magnetic metal port (IMP) have been increasingly used for breast reconstruction in post-mastectomy patients who receive radiation therapy (XRT). We evaluated XRT plans of patients with IMP to determine its effect on XRT dose distribution. Methods and Materials: Original treatment plans with CT simulation scans of 24 consecutive patients who received XRT (ORI), planned without heterogeneity corrections, to a reconstructed breast containing an IMP were used. Two additional treatment plans were then generated: one treatment plan with the IMP assigned the electron density of the rare earth magnet, nickel plated neodymium-iron-boron (HET),more » and a second treatment plan with the IMP assigned a CT value of 1 to simulate a homogeneous breast without an IMP (BRS). All plans were prescribed 50 Gy to the reconstructed breast (CTV). Results: CTV coverage by 50 Gy was significantly lower in the HET (mean 87.7% CTV) than in either the ORI (mean 99.7% CTV, P<.001) or BRS plans (mean 95.0% CTV, P<.001). The effect of the port was more pronounced on CT slices containing the IMP with prescription dose coverage of the CTV being less in the HET than in either ORI (mean difference 33.6%, P<.01) or BRS plans (mean difference 30.1%, P<.001). HET had a less homogeneous and conformal dose distribution than BRS or ORI. Conclusion: IMPs increase dose heterogeneity and reduce dose to the breast CTV through attenuation of the beam. For optimal XRT treatment, heterogeneity corrections should be used in XRT planning for patients with TTE with IMP, as the IMP impacts dose distribution.« less
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Malaria Genome Sequencing Project
2004-01-01
BEHNAM JOANA JENKINS, CHELTON CARTY, HEATHER JENKINS, JENNIFER CHAUDHARY, ABHILASHA JIANG, LINGXIA CHEN, DAN JONES, KRISTINE CHEN, MINGHUA KALB, ERICA... JENNIFER SILVA, JOANA MOAZZEZ, AZITA SITZ, JEFF MOFFAT, KELLY SKOVORODNEV, NELSON, KEITH ALEXANDER NENE, VISHVANATH SMIRNOVA, TATYANA NORCUTT, KARA...Shallom*, Susan E. van Aken*, Steven B. Riedmuller*, Tamara V. Feldblyum*, Jennifer L Cho*t, John Quackenbush*, Martha Sedegah§, Azadeh Shoalbl*, Leda M
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Software Products for Temperature Data Reduction of Platinum Resistance Thermometers (PRT)
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Sherrod, Jerry K.
1998-01-01
The main objective of this project is to create user-friendly personal computer (PC) software for reduction/analysis of platinum resistance thermometer (PRT) data. Software products were designed and created to help users of PRT data with the tasks of using the Callendar-Van Dusen method. Sample runs are illustrated in this report.
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Alternative Fuels Data Center: Pennsylvania School Buses Run on Natural Gas
reduce petroleum use and save money. For information about this project, contact Eastern Pennsylvania Renzenberger Inc Saves Money With Propane Vans Feb. 1, 2014 Photo of a school bus Michigan Transports Students Natural Gas School Buses Help Kansas City Save Money Nov. 12, 2011 Metropolitan Utilities District Fuels
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Scharfe, Elaine
2011-01-01
An estimated 50 to 60% of children from typical families develop secure attachment relationships with their parents (Ainsworth, Blehar, Waters, & Wall, 1978; Van IJzendoorn & Kroonenberg, 1988); however, intervention research has focused primarily on interventions for high-risk clinical samples (Berlin, Zeanah, & Lieberman, 2008). In this project,…
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Moreno Garcia, Teresa, Ed.
2000-01-01
This Spanish- and Portuguese-language bulletin presents articles focusing on the Effectiveness Initiative (EI), a project of the Bernard van Leer Foundation for making a qualitative analysis of those elements of the programs of Early Childhood Development (ECD) that benefit the participants and their communities and cultures. The first article…
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HALT Selected Papers, 1993 with Language Teaching Ideas from Paradise.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Chandler, Paul, Ed.; Hodnett, Edda, Ed.
In section I, papers presented at the Hawaii Association of Language Teachers (HALT) in 1993 are presented. Section II includes a number of projects received from a call for papers simultaneous to the call for the HALT papers. Section 1 contains: "This is Like a Foreign Language to Me: Keynote Address" (Bill VanPatten); "From Discussion Questions…
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The Effect of Ethylene Glycol, Glycine Betaine, and Urea on Lysozyme Thermal Stability
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Schwinefus, Jeffrey J.; Leslie, Elizabeth J.; Nordstrom, Anna R.
2010-01-01
The four-week student project described in this article is an extension of protein thermal denaturation experiments to include effects of added cosolutes ethylene glycol, glycine betaine, and urea on the unfolding of lysozyme. The transition temperatures and van't Hoff enthalpies for unfolding are evaluated for six concentrations of each cosolute,…
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Research Linking Teacher Preparation and Student Performance: Teacher Education Yearbook XII
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Guyton, Edith M., Ed.; Dangel, Julie Rainer, Ed.
2004-01-01
The case studies, research, and projects presented here strike at the very heart of effective teaching. The specific practices to improve student performance will spark classroom discussion and improve teacher practice. After a foreword by Frances van Tassell and an introduction by Edith M. Guyton and Julie Rainer Dangel, this book is divided into…
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Finding and Understanding Talent among Elementary English Language Learners: Beyond Project Hope
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Pereira, Nielsen
2011-01-01
The under-identification and underrepresentation of English language learners (ELLs) in gifted programs remains a severe and pervasive problem in the field of gifted education (Yoon & Gentry, 2009, VanTassel-Baska & Stambaugh, 2007). This study focused on ELLs in grades K-5 from four elementary schools in Midwestern school districts (a) to…
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2016-12-01
Kamojjala, 2014, “Real-Time M0deling of Water Distribution Systems: A Case Study ,” Journal AWWA, Vol. 106, No. 9 (September 2014.) Feinauer, Lynn R...Quality and Corrosion in Water-Distribution Systems Final Report on Project F07-AR05 Co ns tr uc tio n En gi ne er in g R es ea rc h La bo ra to...Final Report on Project F07-AR05 Vicki L. Van Blaricum Construction Engineering Research Laboratory U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center
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An exact solution of the van der Waals interaction between two ground-state hydrogen atoms
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Koga, Toshikatsu; Matsumoto, Shinya
1985-06-01
A momentum space treatment shows that perturbation equations for the H(1s)-H(1s) van der Waals interaction can be exactly solved in their Schrödinger forms without invoking any variational methods. Using the Fock transformation, which projects the momentum vector of an electron from the three-dimensional hyperplane onto the four-dimensional hypersphere, we solve the third order integral-type perturbation equation with respect to the reciprocal of the internuclear distance R. An exact third order wave function is found as a linear combination of infinite number of four-dimensional spherical harmonics. The result allows us to evaluate the exact dispersion energy E6R-6, which is completely determined by the first three coefficients of the above linear combination.
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LRS2: A New Integral Field Spectrograph for the HET
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Tuttle, Sarah E.; Hill, Gary J.; Chonis, Taylor S.; Tonnesen, Stephanie
2016-01-01
Here we present LRS2 (Low Resolution Spectrograph) and highlight early science opportunities with the newly upgraded Hobby Eberly telescope (HET). LRS2 is a four-channel optical wavelength (370nm - 1micron) spectrograph based on two VIRUS unit spectrographs. This fiber-fed integral field spectrograph covers a 12" x 6" field of view, switched between the two units (one blue, and one red) at R~2000. We highlight design elements, including the fundamental modification to grisms (from VPH gratings in VIRUS) to access the higher resolution. We discuss early science opportunities, including investigating nearby "blue-bulge" spiral galaxies and their anomalous star formation distribution.
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Relationship between disease-specific structures of amyloid fibrils and their mechanical properties
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Yoon, Gwonchan; Kab Kim, Young; Eom, Kilho; Na, Sungsoo
2013-01-01
It has recently been reported that the mechanical behavior of prion nanofibrils may play a critical role in expression of neurodegenerative diseases. In this work, we have studied the mechanical behavior of HET-s prion nanofibrils using an elastic network model. We have shown that the mechanical properties of prion nanofibrils formed as left-handed β-helices are different from those of non-prion nanofibrils formed as right-handed β-helices. In particular, the bending behavior of prion nanofibrils depends on the length of the nanofibril and that the bending rigidity of the prion nanofibril is larger than that of the non-prion nanofibril.
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Proof-of-Concept of a Millimeter-Wave Integrated Heterogeneous Network for 5G Cellular
Okasaka, Shozo; Weiler, Richard J.; Keusgen, Wilhelm; Pudeyev, Andrey; Maltsev, Alexander; Karls, Ingolf; Sakaguchi, Kei
2016-01-01
The fifth-generation mobile networks (5G) will not only enhance mobile broadband services, but also enable connectivity for a massive number of Internet-of-Things devices, such as wireless sensors, meters or actuators. Thus, 5G is expected to achieve a 1000-fold or more increase in capacity over 4G. The use of the millimeter-wave (mmWave) spectrum is a key enabler to allowing 5G to achieve such enhancement in capacity. To fully utilize the mmWave spectrum, 5G is expected to adopt a heterogeneous network (HetNet) architecture, wherein mmWave small cells are overlaid onto a conventional macro-cellular network. In the mmWave-integrated HetNet, splitting of the control plane (CP) and user plane (UP) will allow continuous connectivity and increase the capacity of the mmWave small cells. mmWave communication can be used not only for access linking, but also for wireless backhaul linking, which will facilitate the installation of mmWave small cells. In this study, a proof-of-concept (PoC) was conducted to demonstrate the practicality of a prototype mmWave-integrated HetNet, using mmWave technologies for both backhaul and access. PMID:27571074
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Proof-of-Concept of a Millimeter-Wave Integrated Heterogeneous Network for 5G Cellular.
Okasaka, Shozo; Weiler, Richard J; Keusgen, Wilhelm; Pudeyev, Andrey; Maltsev, Alexander; Karls, Ingolf; Sakaguchi, Kei
2016-08-25
The fifth-generation mobile networks (5G) will not only enhance mobile broadband services, but also enable connectivity for a massive number of Internet-of-Things devices, such as wireless sensors, meters or actuators. Thus, 5G is expected to achieve a 1000-fold or more increase in capacity over 4G. The use of the millimeter-wave (mmWave) spectrum is a key enabler to allowing 5G to achieve such enhancement in capacity. To fully utilize the mmWave spectrum, 5G is expected to adopt a heterogeneous network (HetNet) architecture, wherein mmWave small cells are overlaid onto a conventional macro-cellular network. In the mmWave-integrated HetNet, splitting of the control plane (CP) and user plane (UP) will allow continuous connectivity and increase the capacity of the mmWave small cells. mmWave communication can be used not only for access linking, but also for wireless backhaul linking, which will facilitate the installation of mmWave small cells. In this study, a proof-of-concept (PoC) was conducted to demonstrate the practicality of a prototype mmWave-integrated HetNet, using mmWave technologies for both backhaul and access.
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Zhou, Rui; Lu, Yi; Han, Yong; Li, Xia; Lou, Huifang; Zhu, Liya; Zhen, Xuechu; Duan, Shumin
2015-12-03
Mutations in cathepsin D (CTSD), an aspartic protease in the endosomal-lysosomal system, underlie congenital neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis (cNCL, also known as CLN10), a devastating neurodegenerative disease. CLN10 patients die within the first few days of life, and in the few patients who live into adulthood psychopathological symptoms have not been reported. Extensive neuropathology and altered neurotransmission have been reported in CTSD-deficient mice; however signs of neuropsychiatric behavior in these mice are not well characterized due to the severe movement disorder and premature death of the animal. In the present study, we show that heterozygous CTSD-deficient (CTSD HET) mice display an overall behavioral profile that is similar to human mania, including hyperlocomotion, d-amphetamine-induced hyperactivity, sleep-disturbance, and reduced anxiety-like behavior. However, under stressful conditions CTSD HET mice manifest depressive-like behavior, including anhedonia, behavioral despair, and enhanced learned helplessness. Chronic administration of lithium chloride or valproic acid, two clinically effective mood stabilizers, reverses the majority of these behavioral abnormalities. In addition, CTSD HET mice display stress-induced hypersecretion of corticosterone. These findings suggest an important role for CTSD in the regulation of mood stabilization. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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vanC Cluster of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus gallinarum BM4174
Arias, Cesar A.; Courvalin, Patrice; Reynolds, Peter E.
2000-01-01
Glycopeptide-resistant enterococci of the VanC type synthesize UDP-muramyl-pentapeptide[d-Ser] for cell wall assembly and prevent synthesis of peptidoglycan precursors ending in d-Ala. The vanC cluster of Enterococcus gallinarum BM4174 consists of five genes: vanC-1, vanXYC, vanT, vanRC, and vanSC. Three genes are sufficient for resistance: vanC-1 encodes a ligase that synthesizes the dipeptide d-Ala-d-Ser for addition to UDP-MurNAc-tripeptide, vanXYC encodes a d,d-dipeptidase–carboxypeptidase that hydrolyzes d-Ala-d-Ala and removes d-Ala from UDP-MurNAc-pentapeptide[d-Ala], and vanT encodes a membrane-bound serine racemase that provides d-Ser for the synthetic pathway. The three genes are clustered: the start codons of vanXYC and vanT overlap the termination codons of vanC-1 and vanXYC, respectively. Two genes which encode proteins with homology to the VanS-VanR two-component regulatory system were present downstream from the resistance genes. The predicted amino acid sequence of VanRC exhibited 50% identity to VanR and 33% identity to VanRB. VanSC had 40% identity to VanS over a region of 308 amino acids and 24% identity to VanSB over a region of 285 amino acids. All residues with important functions in response regulators and histidine kinases were conserved in VanRC and VanSC, respectively. Induction experiments based on the determination of d,d-carboxypeptidase activity in cytoplasmic extracts confirmed that the genes were expressed constitutively. Using a promoter-probing vector, regions upstream from the resistance and regulatory genes were identified that have promoter activity. PMID:10817725
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Ring Current Pressure Estimation withRAM-SCB using Data Assimilation and VanAllen Probe Flux Data
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Godinez, H. C.; Yu, Y.; Henderson, M. G.; Larsen, B.; Jordanova, V.
2015-12-01
Capturing and subsequently modeling the influence of tail plasma injections on the inner magnetosphere is particularly important for understanding the formation and evolution of Earth's ring current. In this study, the ring current distribution is estimated with the Ring Current-Atmosphere Interactions Model with Self-Consistent Magnetic field (RAM-SCB) using, for the first time, data assimilation techniques and particle flux data from the Van Allen Probes. The state of the ring current within the RAM-SCB is corrected via an ensemble based data assimilation technique by using proton flux from one of the Van Allen Probes, to capture the enhancement of ring current following an isolated substorm event on July 18 2013. The results show significant improvement in the estimation of the ring current particle distributions in the RAM-SCB model, leading to better agreement with observations. This newly implemented data assimilation technique in the global modeling of the ring current thus provides a promising tool to better characterize the effect of substorm injections in the near-Earth regions. The work is part of the Space Hazards Induced near Earth by Large, Dynamic Storms (SHIELDS) project in Los Alamos National Laboratory.
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Registered Replication Report: Dijksterhuis and van Knippenberg (1998).
O'Donnell, Michael; Nelson, Leif D; Ackermann, Evi; Aczel, Balazs; Akhtar, Athfah; Aldrovandi, Silvio; Alshaif, Nasseem; Andringa, Ronald; Aveyard, Mark; Babincak, Peter; Balatekin, Nursena; Baldwin, Scott A; Banik, Gabriel; Baskin, Ernest; Bell, Raoul; Białobrzeska, Olga; Birt, Angie R; Boot, Walter R; Braithwaite, Scott R; Briggs, Jessie C; Buchner, Axel; Budd, Desiree; Budzik, Kathryn; Bullens, Lottie; Bulley, Richard L; Cannon, Peter R; Cantarero, Katarzyna; Cesario, Joseph; Chambers, Stephanie; Chartier, Christopher R; Chekroun, Peggy; Chong, Clara; Cleeremans, Axel; Coary, Sean P; Coulthard, Jacob; Cramwinckel, Florien M; Denson, Thomas F; Díaz-Lago, Marcos; DiDonato, Theresa E; Drummond, Aaron; Eberlen, Julia; Ebersbach, Titus; Edlund, John E; Finnigan, Katherine M; Fisher, Justin; Frankowska, Natalia; García-Sánchez, Efraín; Golom, Frank D; Graves, Andrew J; Greenberg, Kevin; Hanioti, Mando; Hansen, Heather A; Harder, Jenna A; Harrell, Erin R; Hartanto, Andree; Inzlicht, Michael; Johnson, David J; Karpinski, Andrew; Keller, Victor N; Klein, Olivier; Koppel, Lina; Krahmer, Emiel; Lantian, Anthony; Larson, Michael J; Légal, Jean-Baptiste; Lucas, Richard E; Lynott, Dermot; Magaldino, Corey M; Massar, Karlijn; McBee, Matthew T; McLatchie, Neil; Melia, Nadhilla; Mensink, Michael C; Mieth, Laura; Moore-Berg, Samantha; Neeser, Geraldine; Newell, Ben R; Noordewier, Marret K; Ali Özdoğru, Asil; Pantazi, Myrto; Parzuchowski, Michał; Peters, Kim; Philipp, Michael C; Pollmann, Monique M H; Rentzelas, Panagiotis; Rodríguez-Bailón, Rosa; Philipp Röer, Jan; Ropovik, Ivan; Roque, Nelson A; Rueda, Carolina; Rutjens, Bastiaan T; Sackett, Katey; Salamon, Janos; Sánchez-Rodríguez, Ángel; Saunders, Blair; Schaafsma, Juliette; Schulte-Mecklenbeck, Michael; Shanks, David R; Sherman, Martin F; Steele, Kenneth M; Steffens, Niklas K; Sun, Jessie; Susa, Kyle J; Szaszi, Barnabas; Szollosi, Aba; Tamayo, Ricardo M; Tinghög, Gustav; Tong, Yuk-Yue; Tweten, Carol; Vadillo, Miguel A; Valcarcel, Deisy; Van der Linden, Nicolas; van Elk, Michiel; van Harreveld, Frenk; Västfjäll, Daniel; Vazire, Simine; Verduyn, Philippe; Williams, Matt N; Willis, Guillermo B; Wood, Sarah E; Yang, Chunliang; Zerhouni, Oulmann; Zheng, Robert; Zrubka, Mark
2018-03-01
Dijksterhuis and van Knippenberg (1998) reported that participants primed with a category associated with intelligence ("professor") subsequently performed 13% better on a trivia test than participants primed with a category associated with a lack of intelligence ("soccer hooligans"). In two unpublished replications of this study designed to verify the appropriate testing procedures, Dijksterhuis, van Knippenberg, and Holland observed a smaller difference between conditions (2%-3%) as well as a gender difference: Men showed the effect (9.3% and 7.6%), but women did not (0.3% and -0.3%). The procedure used in those replications served as the basis for this multilab Registered Replication Report. A total of 40 laboratories collected data for this project, and 23 of these laboratories met all inclusion criteria. Here we report the meta-analytic results for those 23 direct replications (total N = 4,493), which tested whether performance on a 30-item general-knowledge trivia task differed between these two priming conditions (results of supplementary analyses of the data from all 40 labs, N = 6,454, are also reported). We observed no overall difference in trivia performance between participants primed with the "professor" category and those primed with the "hooligan" category (0.14%) and no moderation by gender.
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-03-02
... Canadian Natl. Ry.--Trackage Rights Exemption--Bangor and Aroostook R.R. and Van Buren Bridge Co., FD 34014... Buren Bridge Co., FD 34015 (STB served Mar. 21, 2001). The transaction is expected to be consummated on... transaction will not result in the creation of a Class II or Class I rail carrier. Because EMR's projected...
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Bernard Van Leer Foundation, The Hague (Netherlands).
The Bernard van Leer Foundation's seminar on early childhood education and care in multicultural societies brought together 31 project leaders and independent specialists from 19 countries for a consideration of common problems of multicultural education. Participants were selected for their expertise in working with minorities and migrants in…
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2014-06-05
PAGES 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER Form Approved OMB...Phys., 89, (2001) 5243. [14] M. Depas, R. L. Van Meirhaegue, W. H. Laflère, F. Cardon , Solid- State Electron, 37, (1994) 433. [15] Muhammad Sajjad
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Ultrafast interlayer photocarrier transfer in graphene-MoSe2 van derWaals heterostructure
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Zhang, Xin-Wu; He, Da-Wei; He, Jia-Qi; Zhao, Si-Qi; Hao, Sheng-Cai; Wang, Yong-Sheng; Yi, Li-Xin
2017-08-01
Not Available Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61275058, 61527817, 61335006, and 61378073), the National Science Foundation, China (Grant No. DMR-1505852), the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant Nos. 2016YFA0202300 and 2016YFA0202302), and Beijing Science and Technology Committee, China (Grant No. Z151100003315006).
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Modelling and Forecasting of Rice Yield in support of Crop Insurance
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Weerts, A.; van Verseveld, W.; Trambauer, P.; de Vries, S.; Conijn, S.; van Valkengoed, E.; Hoekman, D.; Hengsdijk, H.; Schrevel, A.
2016-12-01
The Government of Indonesia has embarked on a policy to bring crop insurance to all of Indonesia's farmers. To support the Indonesian government, the G4INDO project (www.g4indo.org) is developing/constructing an integrated platform for judging and handling insurance claims. The platform consists of bringing together remote sensed data (both visible and radar) and hydrologic and crop modelling and forecasting to improve predictions in one forecasting platform (i.e. Delft-FEWS, Werner et al., 2013). The hydrological model and crop model (LINTUL) are coupled on time stepping basis in the OpenStreams framework (see https://github.com/openstreams/wflow) and deployed in a Delft-FEWS forecasting platform to support seasonal forecasting of water availability and crop yield. First we will show the general idea about the project, the integrated platform (including Sentinel 1 & 2 data) followed by first (reforecast) results of the coupled models for predicting water availability and crop yield in the Brantas catchment in Java, Indonesia. Werner, M., Schellekens, J., Gijsbers, P., Van Dijk, M., Van den Akker, O. and Heynert K, 2013. The Delft-FEWS flow forecasting system, Environmental Modelling & Software; 40:65-77. DOI: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2012.07.010 .
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Tanadgusix Foundation Hydrogen / Plug In Electric Vehicle Project
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Miller, Martin
2013-09-27
TDX Foundation undertook this project in an effort to evaluate alternative transportation options and their application in the community of Saint Paul, Alaska an isolated island community in the Bering Sea. Both hydrogen and electric vehicle technology was evaluated for technical and economic feasibility. Hydrogen technology was found to be cost prohibitive. TDX demonstrated the implementation of various types of electric vehicles on St. Paul Island, including side-by-side all terrain vehicles, a Chevrolet Volt (sedan), and a Ford Transit Connect (small van). Results show that electric vehicles are a promising solution for transportation needs on St. Paul Island. Limited batterymore » range and high charging time requirements result in decreased usability, even on a small, isolated island. These limitations were minimized by the installation of enhanced charging stations for the car and van. In collaboration with the University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF), TDX was able to identify suitable technologies and demonstrate their applicability in the rural Alaskan environment. TDX and UAF partnered to engage and educate the entire community of Saint Paul – fom school children to elders – through presentation of research, findings, demonstrations, first hand operation of alternative fuel vehicles.« less
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Kepler-424 b: A "Lonely" Hot Jupiter that Found a Companion
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Endl, Michael; Caldwell, Douglas A.; Barclay, Thomas; Huber, Daniel; Isaacson, Howard; Buchhave, Lars A.; Brugamyer, Erik; Robertson, Paul; Cochran, William D.; MacQueen, Phillip J.; Havel, Mathieu; Lucas, Phillip; Howell, Steve B.; Fischer, Debra; Quintana, Elisa; Ciardi, David R.
2014-11-01
Hot Jupiter systems provide unique observational constraints for migration models in multiple systems and binaries. We report on the discovery of the Kepler-424 (KOI-214) two-planet system, which consists of a transiting hot Jupiter (Kepler-424b) in a 3.31 day orbit accompanied by a more massive outer companion in an eccentric (e = 0.3) 223 day orbit. The outer giant planet, Kepler-424c, is not detected transiting the host star. The masses of both planets and the orbital parameters for the second planet were determined using precise radial velocity (RV) measurements from the Hobby-Eberly Telescope (HET) and its High Resolution Spectrograph (HRS). In stark contrast to smaller planets, hot Jupiters are predominantly found to be lacking any nearby additional planets; they appear to be "lonely". This might be a consequence of these systems having a highly dynamical past. The Kepler-424 planetary system has a hot Jupiter in a multiple system, similar to \\upsilon Andromedae. We also present our results for Kepler-422 (KOI-22), Kepler-77 (KOI-127), Kepler-43 (KOI-135), and Kepler-423 (KOI-183). These results are based on spectroscopic data collected with the Nordic Optical Telescope (NOT), the Keck 1 telescope, and HET. For all systems, we rule out false positives based on various follow-up observations, confirming the planetary nature of these companions. We performed a comparison with planetary evolutionary models which indicate that these five hot Jupiters have heavy element contents between 20 and 120 M ⊕. Based on observations obtained with the Hobby-Eberly Telescope, which is a joint project of the University of Texas at Austin, the Pennsylvania State University, Stanford University, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, and Georg-August-Universität Göttingen.
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New results from the Colorado CubeSat and comparison with Van Allen Probes data
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Li, X.
2013-05-01
The Colorado Student Space Weather Experiment (CSSWE) is a 3-unit (10cm x 10cm x 30cm) CubeSat mission funded by the NSF, launched into a highly inclined (650) low-Earth (490km x 790km) orbit on 09/13/12 as a secondary payload under NASA's Educational Launch of Nanosatellites (ELaNa) program. CSSWE contains a single science payload, the Relativistic Electron and Proton Telescope integrated little experiment (REPTile), which is a simplified and miniaturized version of the Relativistic Electron and Proton Telescope (REPT) built at the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics (LASP) of University of Colorado for NASA/Van Allen Probes mission, which consists of two identical spacecraft, launched on 08/30/12, that traverse the heart of the radiation belts in a low inclination (100) orbit. REPTile is designed to measure the directional differential flux of protons ranging from 9 to 40 MeV and electrons from 0.5 to >3.3 MeV. Three-month science mission (full success) was completed on 1/05/13. We are now into the extended mission phase, focusing on data analysis and modeling. REPTile measures a fraction of the total population that has small enough equatorial pitch angles to reach the altitude of CSSWE, thus measuring the precipitating population as well as the trapped population. These measurements are critical for understanding the loss of outer radiation belt electrons. New results from CSSWE and comparison with Van Allen Probes data will be presented. The CSSWE is also an ideal class project, involving over 65 graduate and undergraduate students and providing training for the next generation of engineers and scientists over the full life-cycle of a satellite project.
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Homological dimensions and Van den Bergh isomorphisms for nuclear Fréchet algebras
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Pirkovskii, Alexei Yu
2012-08-01
We prove the equation \\operatorname{w{.}dg} A=\\operatorname{w{.}db} A for every nuclear Fréchet-Arens-Michael algebra A of finite weak bidimension, where \\operatorname{w{.}dg} A is the weak global dimension and \\operatorname{w{.}db} A the weak bidimension of A. Assuming that A has a projective bimodule resolution of finite type, we establish the estimate \\operatorname{db}A\\le\\operatorname{dg}A+1, where \\operatorname{dg} A is the global dimension and \\operatorname{db} A the bidimension of A. We also prove that \\operatorname{dg}A=\\operatorname{db}A=\\operatorname{w{.}dg}A=\\operatorname{w{.}db} A=n for all nuclear Fréchet-Arens-Michael algebras satisfying the Van den Bergh conditions \\operatorname{VdB}(n). As an application, we calculate the homological dimensions of smooth and complex-analytic quantum tori.
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Using a 400 kV Van de Graaff accelerator to teach physics at West Point
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Marble, D. K.; Bruch, S. E.; Lainis, T.
1997-02-01
A small accelerator visitation laboratory is being built at the United States Military Academy using two 400 kV Van de Graaff accelerators. This laboratory will provide quality teaching experiments and increased research opportunities for both faculty and cadets as well as enhancing the department's ability to teach across the curriculum by using nuclear techniques to solve problems in environmental engineering, material science, archeology, art, etc. This training enhances a students ability to enter non-traditional fields that are becoming a large part of the physics job market. Furthermore, a small accelerator visitation laboratory for high school students can stimulate student interest in science and provide an effective means of communicating the scientific method to a general audience. A discussion of the USMA facility, class experiments and student research projects will be presented.
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Genetics Home Reference: achromatopsia
... NW, Roosing S, van Schooneveld MJ, van Lith-Verhoeven JJ, van Moll-Ramirez N, van den Born LI, ... van Schooneveld MJ, Strom TM, van Lith-Verhoeven JJ, Lotery AJ, van Moll-Ramirez N, Leroy BP, ...
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Glycopeptide Resistance vanA Operons in Paenibacillus Strains Isolated from Soil
Guardabassi, Luca; Perichon, Bruno; van Heijenoort, Jean; Blanot, Didier; Courvalin, Patrice
2005-01-01
The sequence and gene organization of the van operons in vancomycin (MIC of >256 μg/ml)- and teicoplanin (MIC of ≥32 μg/ml)-resistant Paenibacillus thiaminolyticus PT-2B1 and Paenibacillus apiarius PA-B2B isolated from soil were determined. Both operons had regulatory (vanR and vanS), resistance (vanH, vanA, and vanX), and accessory (vanY, vanZ, and vanW) genes homologous to the corresponding genes in enterococcal vanA and vanB operons. The vanAPT operon in P. thiaminolyticus PT-2B1 had the same gene organization as that of vanA operons whereas vanAPA in P. apiarius PA-B2B resembled vanB operons due to the presence of vanW upstream from the vanHAX cluster but was closer to vanA operons in sequence. Reference P. apiarius strains NRRL B-4299 and NRRL B-4188 were found to harbor operons indistinguishable from vanAPA by PCR mapping, restriction fragment length polymorphism, and partial sequencing, suggesting that this operon was species specific. As in enterococci, resistance was inducible by glycopeptides and associated with the synthesis of pentadepsipeptide peptidoglycan precursors ending in d-Ala-d-Lac, as demonstrated by d,d-dipeptidase activities, high-pressure liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometry. The precursors differed from those in enterococci by the presence of diaminopimelic acid instead of lysine in the peptide chain. Altogether, the results are compatible with the notion that van operons in soil Paenibacillus strains and in enterococci have evolved from a common ancestor. PMID:16189102
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Glycopeptide resistance vanA operons in Paenibacillus strains isolated from soil.
Guardabassi, Luca; Perichon, Bruno; van Heijenoort, Jean; Blanot, Didier; Courvalin, Patrice
2005-10-01
The sequence and gene organization of the van operons in vancomycin (MIC of >256 microg/ml)- and teicoplanin (MIC of > or =32 microg/ml)-resistant Paenibacillus thiaminolyticus PT-2B1 and Paenibacillus apiarius PA-B2B isolated from soil were determined. Both operons had regulatory (vanR and vanS), resistance (vanH, vanA, and vanX), and accessory (vanY, vanZ, and vanW) genes homologous to the corresponding genes in enterococcal vanA and vanB operons. The vanA(PT) operon in P. thiaminolyticus PT-2B1 had the same gene organization as that of vanA operons whereas vanA(PA) in P. apiarius PA-B2B resembled vanB operons due to the presence of vanW upstream from the vanHAX cluster but was closer to vanA operons in sequence. Reference P. apiarius strains NRRL B-4299 and NRRL B-4188 were found to harbor operons indistinguishable from vanA(PA) by PCR mapping, restriction fragment length polymorphism, and partial sequencing, suggesting that this operon was species specific. As in enterococci, resistance was inducible by glycopeptides and associated with the synthesis of pentadepsipeptide peptidoglycan precursors ending in D-Ala-D-Lac, as demonstrated by D,D-dipeptidase activities, high-pressure liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometry. The precursors differed from those in enterococci by the presence of diaminopimelic acid instead of lysine in the peptide chain. Altogether, the results are compatible with the notion that van operons in soil Paenibacillus strains and in enterococci have evolved from a common ancestor.
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A study of kindergarten children's spatial representation in a mapping project
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Davis, Genevieve A.; Hyun, Eunsook
2005-02-01
This phenomenological study examined kindergarten children's development of spatial representation in a year long mapping project. Findings and discussion relative to how children conceptualised and represented physical space are presented in light of theoretical notions advanced by Piaget, van Hiele, and cognitive science researchers Battista and Clements. Analyses of the processes the children used and their finished products indicate that children can negotiate meaning for complex systems of geometric concepts when given opportunities to debate, negotiate, reflect, evaluate and seek meaning for representing space. The complexity and "holistic" nature of spatial representation of young children emerged in this study.
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DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Cester, D.; Lunardon, M.; Stevanato, L.
2015-07-01
MODES SNM project aimed to carry out technical research in order to develop a prototype for a mobile, modular detection system for radioactive sources and Special Nuclear Materials (SNM). Its main goal was to deliver a tested prototype of a modular mobile system capable of passively detecting weak or shielded radioactive sources with accuracy higher than that of currently available systems. By the end of the project all the objectives have been successfully achieved. Results from the laboratory commissioning and the field tests will be presented. (authors)
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Definition of Capabilities Needed for a Single Event Effects Test Facility
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Riemer, Bernie; Gallmeier, Franz X.
The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is contemplating new regulations mandating testing of the vulnerability of flight-critical avionics to single event effects (SEE). A limited number of high-energy neutron test facilities currently serve the SEE industrial and institutional research community. The FAA recognizes that existing facilities have insufficient test capacity to meet new demand from such mandates; it desires more flexible irradiation capabilities to test complete, large systems and would like capabilities to address greater concerns for thermal neutrons. For this reason, the FAA funded this study by Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) staff with the ultimate aim of developing options formore » SEE test facilities using high-energy neutrons at the SNS complex. After an investigation of current SEE test practices and assessment of future testing requirements, three concepts were identified covering a range of test functionality, neutron flux levels, and fidelity to the atmospheric neutron spectrum. The costs and times required to complete each facility were also estimated. SEE testing is generally performed by accelerating the event rate to a point where the effects are still dominated by single events and double event causes of failures are negligible. In practice, acceleration factors of as high as 10 6 are applicable for component testing, whereas for systems testing acceleration factors of 10 4 seem to be the upper limit. It is strongly desirable that the irradiation facility be tunable over a large range of high-energy neutron fluxes of 10 2 - 10 4 n/cm²/s for systems testing and from 10 4 - 10 7 n/cm²/s for components testing. The most capable, most flexible, and highest-test-capacity option is a new stand-alone target station named the High-Energy neutron Test Station (HETS). It is also the most expensive option, with a cost to complete of approximately $100 million. Dual test enclosures would allow for simultaneous testing activity effectively doubling overall test capacity per HETS operating hour. Using about 1 kilowatt (kW) of proton power extracted from the accelerator before injection in the accumulator ring, its operation would be unnoticeable by neutron scattering users at the SNS target station. The H beam laser stripping technique would allow for control of beam power on the HETS target independent from power delivered to the SNS. Large systems with frontal areas of up to 1 x 2 m² could be accommodated with integral high-energy flux values (above 10 megaelectron-volt, or MeV) to at most 10 4 n/cm²/s; components could also be tested with flux levels to at most 10 7 n/cm²/s on beam sizes of up to 0.2 x 0.2 m². Selectable moderating material and neutron filters would allow tailoring of the neutron spectrum to user demands; charged particle deflectors could be switched to allow or deflect protons, pions, and muons. It is estimated that HETS would take 5 years to complete after award of contract, including engineering design and construction. Commissioning would take at least another 6 months. Interference with SNS principal operations was not considered in the construction time estimate; connection of the proton transport line and tunnel from the accelerator high energy beam transport (HEBT) and construction around existing site utilities would require careful planning and coordination with beam operations at the SNS. A high-energy (HE) neutron test facility using an available beam line on the SNS target station is a technically and financially attractive option. Inspired by the new ChipIR instrument on the ISIS TS 2 spallation source in the UK, a similar facility could be placed on an unused beam line in the SNS instrument hall [e.g., on beam line 8 (both A and B channels would be needed) or on beam line 10]. The performance would approach that of an HETS (~80%), but it would be operationally more limited, with only a single user at a time. Space is more limited, so the maximum system size would be about half of that in an HETS. Flexibility to tailor the spectrum would be somewhat more limited. While this concept was not as fully developed and characterized, preliminary work indicates very high HE flux levels should be possible, with ample thermal neutrons as well. Flux control would be more difficult than at HETS because proton power on target be whatever the SNS was operating at for neutron scattering. Neutron attenuation devices would have to be employed with as-yet undetermined control resolution. However, no new buildings would be needed, and the necessary utilities are already present in the SNS Experiment Hall. The estimated cost for a beam line option is around $15 million; the time to complete would be 3 years after award of contract, plus at least 6 months for commissioning. Interference of construction activities with SNS operations should be negligible. This option would require negotiation with the Department of Energy Basic Energy Sciences (BES) office -- the primary stakeholder of SNS -- for an application outside the usual scope of neutron scattering sciences. Furthermore, these presently open beam lines are highly desirable locations for proposed neutron scattering instruments and obtaining one of them for an SEE test facility will come only with persuasive and timely arguments to SNS leadership and the DOE BES. The third option is a tunnel extension/target cave facility providing the most basic system-level irradiation capability with minimal flexibility. Again not as well developed a concept as HETS, it would use a laser-stripping technique like an HETS, redirecting protons to a tunnel similar to the initial HETS proton transport tunnel. Indeed, this concept is intended to be upgradable to a full HETS facility. Only a small fraction of a watt of proton power would be used in this basic configuration, though. An uncooled target and primitive shielding arrangement would provide beam on modestly sized systems that must be placed in close proximity to the target. The neutron fluence would be less uniform over the system than with the HETS or the beam line option. A data acquisition room and support area would be located on the ground level; access to the target cave would be via elevator and/or stairway. As a result of the required excavation, new tunnel construction, shielding, data acquisition building, utilities, and other items, the estimated cost is $30 million. The time to complete is expected be more than 3 years; here again construction interference with SNS operations has not been accounted for, but it could have a significant impact.« less
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Cha, J O; Yoo, J I; Kim, H K; Kim, H S; Yoo, J S; Lee, Y S; Jung, Y H
2013-10-01
To investigate diversity in the vanA cluster in Enterococcus faecium isolates from nontertiary hospitals. We identified 43 vanA-positive Ent. faecium isolates, including two vancomycin-susceptible isolates, from hospitals between 2003 and 2006. Of these isolates, >85% were resistant to ampicillin, erythromycin and ciprofloxacin. The vanA cluster was classified into six types using overlapping PCR, but the prototype transposon Tn1546 was not found. Most vanA-positive vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) carried IS1216V and belonged to Type III (58·1%) or Type II (20·9%). vanY, vanZ and IS1216V were observed in the left and right ends of Type III with long-range PCR. IS1216V was also observed within vanS and vanX in the two vancomycin-susceptible isolates and in two vancomycin-resistant isolates. No VRE isolates with VanB and VanD phenotypes contained point mutations in vanS, unlike in previous reports. Sequence types (STs) of all isolates belonged to clonal complex 17, and ST78 was predominant. Insertion sequences, especially IS1216V, cause structural variation in the vanA cluster. We report the first observation of vanY and vanZ at the left end of Tn1546 in clinical isolates. This is the first report of the frequency of vancomycin resistance and diversity of Tn1546 in vanA-positive Ent. faecium isolates from nontertiary hospitals. © 2013 The Society for Applied Microbiology.
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Guo, Qing-Hui; Zhao, Liang; Wang, Mei-Xiang
2016-05-10
We report herein the synthesis, structure, and molecular recognition of S6 - and (SO2 )6 -corona[6](het)arenes, and demonstrate a unique and efficient strategy of regulating macrocyclic conformation and properties by adjusting the oxidation state of the heteroatom linkages. The one-pot nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction of 1,4-benzenedithiol derivatives, biphenyl-4,4'-dithiol and 9,9-dipropyl-9H-fluorene-2,7-dithiol with 3,6-dichlorotetrazine afforded S6 -corona[3]arene[3]tetrazines. These compounds underwent inverse-electron-demand Diels-Alder reaction with enamines and norbornadiene to produce S6 -corona[3]arene[3]pyridazines. Facile oxidation of sulfide linkages yielded (SO2 )6 -corona[3]arene[3]pyridazines. All corona[6](het)arenes adopted generally hexagonal macrocyclic ring structures; however, their electronic properties and conformation could be fine-tuned by altering the oxidation state of the sulfur linkages. Whereas (SO2 )6 -corona[3]arene[3]pyridazines were electron-deficient, S6 -corona[3]arene[3]pyridazines acted as electron-rich macrocyclic hosts that recognized various organic cations in both aqueous and organic solutions. © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
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The High Energy Telescope on EXIST: Hunting High Red-shift GRBs and Other Exotic Transients
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Hong, JaeSub; Grindlay, J.; Allen, B.; Skinner, G. K.; Finger, M. H.; Jernigan, J. G.; EXIST Team
2009-01-01
The current baseline design of the High Energy Telescope (HET) on EXIST will localize high red-shift Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) and other exotic transients fast (<10 sec) and accurately (<17") in order to allow the rapid (<1-2 min) follow-up onboard optical/IR imaging and spectroscopy. HET employs coded-aperture imaging with 5.5m2 CZT detector and a large hybrid tungsten mask (See also Skinner et al. in this meeting). The wide energy band coverage (5-600 keV) is optimal for capturing these transients and highly obscured AGNs. The continuous scan with the wide field of view ( 45 deg radius at 25% coding fraction) increases the chance of capturing rare elusive events such as soft Gamma-ray repeaters and tidal disruption events of stars by dormant supermassive black holes. Sweeping nearly the entire sky every two orbits (3 hour) will also establish a finely-sampled long-term history of the X-ray variability of many X-ray sources, opening up a new time domain of the variability study. In light of the new EXIST design concept, we review the observing strategy to maximize the science return and report the latest development of the CZT detectors for HET.
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Theory for the anomalous electron transport in Hall-effect thrusters
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Lafleur, Trevor; Baalrud, Scott; Chabert, Pascal
2016-09-01
Using insights from particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations, we develop a kinetic theory to explain the anomalous cross-field electron transport in Hall-effect thrusters (HETs). The large axial electric field in the acceleration region of HETs, together with the radially applied magnetic field, causes electrons to drift in the azimuthal direction with a very high velocity. This drives an electron cyclotron instability that produces large amplitude oscillations in the plasma density and azimuthal electric field, and which is convected downstream due to the large axial ion drift velocity. The frequency and wavelength of the instability are of the order of 5 MHz and 1 mm respectively, while the electric field amplitude can be of a similar magnitude to axial electric field itself. The instability leads to enhanced electron scattering many orders of magnitude higher than that from standard electron-neutral or electron-ion Coulomb collisions, and gives electron mobilities in good agreement with experiment. Since the instability is a strong function of almost all plasma properties, the mobility cannot in general be fitted with simple 1/B or 1/B2 scaling laws, and changes to the secondary electron emission coefficient of the HET channel walls are expected to play a role in the evolution of the instability. This work received financial support from a CNES postdoctoral research award.
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Reconstruction and Modelling of Cylinder Test Wall Expansion from Heterodyne Velocimetry Data
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Hodgson, Alexander
2015-06-01
The `cylinder test' is comprised of a cylinder of explosive encased in a copper tube and detonated at one end. Analysis of the copper wall expansion can be used to generate a JWL equation of state for the explosive. The wall arrival times are traditionally measured using angled probe boards. These times are converted to radial expansion times using the measured steady state detonation velocity. This expansion represents the intersection of the wall with a radial line, hence its differential is the radial intersection velocity. The true radial wall velocity is different due to the small component of particle velocity along the axis. Wall velocities can be directly measured using a Heterodyne Velocimetry (HetV) diagnostic, to a high degree of temporal resolution. However, the wall profile cannot be reconstructed from a standard HetV probe due to a lack of spatial information. This work describes how velocity traces from two HetV probes at different angles can be combined to evaluate the path of a particle on the copper wall, and how the wall profile may then be reconstructed. The method is applied to data from cylinder test experiments on a conventional high explosive. Results are validated using hydrocode modelling coupled with Detonation Shock Dynamics theory.
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A facile and efficient dry transfer technique for two-dimensional Van derWaals heterostructure
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Xie, Li; Du, Luojun; Lu, Xiaobo; Yang, Rong; Shi, Dongxia; Zhang, Guangyu
2017-08-01
Not Available Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant Nos. 2013CB934500 and 2013CBA01602), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61325021, 11574361, and 51572289), the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, CAS, (Grant No. QYZDB-SSW-SLH004), and the Strategic Priority Research Program (B), CAS (Grant No. XDB07010100).
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A distinctive dual-channel quorum-sensing system operates in Vibrio anguillarum.
Croxatto, Antony; Pride, John; Hardman, Andrea; Williams, Paul; Cámara, Miguel; Milton, Debra L
2004-06-01
Many bacterial cells communicate using diffusible signal molecules to monitor cell population density via a process termed quorum sensing. In marine Vibrio species, the Vibrio harveyi-type LuxR protein is a key player in a quorum-sensing phosphorelay cascade, which controls the expression of virulence, symbiotic and survival genes. Previously, we characterized Vibrio anguillarum homologues of LuxR (VanT) and LuxMN (VanMN) and, in this study, we have identified homologues of LuxPQ (VanPQ) and LuxOU (VanOU). In contrast to other Vibrio species, vanT was expressed at low cell density and showed no significant induction as the cell number increased. In addition, although the loss of VanO increased vanT expression, the loss of VanU, unexpectedly, decreased it. Both VanN and VanQ were required for repression of vanT even in a vanU mutant, suggesting an alternative route for VanNQ signal transduction other than via VanU. VanT negatively regulated its own expression by binding and repressing the vanT promoter and by binding and activating the vanOU promoter. The signal relay results in a cellular response as expression of the metalloprotease, empA, was altered similar to that of vanT in all the mutants. Consequently, the V. anguillarum quorum-sensing phosphorelay systems work differently from those of V. harveyi and may be used to limit rather than induce vanT expression.
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-04-01
... 19 Customs Duties 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Lift vans, cargo vans, shipping tanks, skids... Traffic § 10.41a Lift vans, cargo vans, shipping tanks, skids, pallets, and similar instruments of international traffic; repair components. (a)(1) Lift vans, cargo vans, shipping tanks, skids, pallets, caul...
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-04-01
... 19 Customs Duties 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Lift vans, cargo vans, shipping tanks, skids... Traffic § 10.41a Lift vans, cargo vans, shipping tanks, skids, pallets, and similar instruments of international traffic; repair components. (a)(1) Lift vans, cargo vans, shipping tanks, skids, pallets, caul...
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Wentzensen, Nicolas; Poole, Elizabeth M; Trabert, Britton; White, Emily; Arslan, Alan A; Patel, Alpa V; Setiawan, V Wendy; Visvanathan, Kala; Weiderpass, Elisabete; Adami, Hans-Olov; Black, Amanda; Bernstein, Leslie; Brinton, Louise A; Buring, Julie; Butler, Lesley M; Chamosa, Saioa; Clendenen, Tess V; Dossus, Laure; Fortner, Renee; Gapstur, Susan M; Gaudet, Mia M; Gram, Inger T; Hartge, Patricia; Hoffman-Bolton, Judith; Idahl, Annika; Jones, Michael; Kaaks, Rudolf; Kirsh, Victoria; Koh, Woon-Puay; Lacey, James V; Lee, I-Min; Lundin, Eva; Merritt, Melissa A; Onland-Moret, N Charlotte; Peters, Ulrike; Poynter, Jenny N; Rinaldi, Sabina; Robien, Kim; Rohan, Thomas; Sandler, Dale P; Schairer, Catherine; Schouten, Leo J; Sjöholm, Louise K; Sieri, Sabina; Swerdlow, Anthony; Tjonneland, Anna; Travis, Ruth; Trichopoulou, Antonia; van den Brandt, Piet A; Wilkens, Lynne; Wolk, Alicja; Yang, Hannah P; Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, Anne; Tworoger, Shelley S
2016-08-20
An understanding of the etiologic heterogeneity of ovarian cancer is important for improving prevention, early detection, and therapeutic approaches. We evaluated 14 hormonal, reproductive, and lifestyle factors by histologic subtype in the Ovarian Cancer Cohort Consortium (OC3). Among 1.3 million women from 21 studies, 5,584 invasive epithelial ovarian cancers were identified (3,378 serous, 606 endometrioid, 331 mucinous, 269 clear cell, 1,000 other). By using competing-risks Cox proportional hazards regression stratified by study and birth year and adjusted for age, parity, and oral contraceptive use, we assessed associations for all invasive cancers by histology. Heterogeneity was evaluated by likelihood ratio test. Most risk factors exhibited significant heterogeneity by histology. Higher parity was most strongly associated with endometrioid (relative risk [RR] per birth, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.74 to 0.83) and clear cell (RR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.61 to 0.76) carcinomas (P value for heterogeneity [P-het] < .001). Similarly, age at menopause, endometriosis, and tubal ligation were only associated with endometrioid and clear cell tumors (P-het ≤ .01). Family history of breast cancer (P-het = .008) had modest heterogeneity. Smoking was associated with an increased risk of mucinous (RR per 20 pack-years, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.08 to 1.46) but a decreased risk of clear cell (RR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.55 to 0.94) tumors (P-het = .004). Unsupervised clustering by risk factors separated endometrioid, clear cell, and low-grade serous carcinomas from high-grade serous and mucinous carcinomas. The heterogeneous associations of risk factors with ovarian cancer subtypes emphasize the importance of conducting etiologic studies by ovarian cancer subtypes. Most established risk factors were more strongly associated with nonserous carcinomas, which demonstrate challenges for risk prediction of serous cancers, the most fatal subtype. © 2016 by American Society of Clinical Oncology.
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Tummers, W; van Schuppen, J; Langeveld, H; Wilde, J; Banderker, E; van As, A
2016-06-01
The objective of the study was to review the utility of focused assessement with sonography for trauma (FAST) as a screening tool for blunt abdominal trauma (BAT) in children involved in high energy trauma (HET), and to determine whether a FAST could replace computed tomography (CT) in clinical decision-making regarding paediatric BAT. Children presented at the Trauma Unit of the Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Cape Town, after HET, and underwent both a physical examination and a FAST. The presence of free fluid in the abdomen and pelvis was assessed using a FAST. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV) for identifying intraabdominal injury were calculated for the physical examination and the FAST, both individually and when combined. Seventy-five patients were included as per the criteria for HET as follows: pedestrian motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) ( n = 46), assault ( n = 14), fall from a height ( n = 9), MVC passenger ( n = 4) and other ( n = 2). The ages of the patients ranged from 3 months to 13 years. The sensitivity of the physical examination was 0.80, specificity 0.83, PPV 0.42 and NPV 0.96. The sensitivity of the FAST was 0.50, specificity 1.00, PPV 1.00 and NPV 0.93. Sensitivity increased to 0.90 when the physical examination was combined with the FAST. Nonoperative management was used in 73 patients. Two underwent an operation. A FAST should be performed in combination with a physical examination on every paediatric patient involved in HET to detect BAT. When both are negative, nonoperative management can be implemented without fear of missing a clinically significant injury. FAST is a safe, effective and easily accessible alternative to CT, which avoids ionising radiation and aids in clinical decision-making.
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Afshari, Parisa; Yao, Wei-Dong
2017-01-01
We previously reported a 84-Kb hemi-deletion copy number variant at the SLC1A1 gene locus that reduces its expression and appeared causally linked to schizophrenia. In this report, we characterize the in vivo and in vitro consequences of reduced expression of Slc1a1 in mice. Heterozygous (HET) Slc1a1+/- mice, which more closely model the hemi-deletion we found in human subjects, were examined in a series of behavioral, anatomical and biochemical assays. Knockout (KO) mice were also included in the behavioral studies for comparative purposes. Both HET and KO mice exhibited evidence of increased anxiety-like behavior, impaired working memory, decreased exploratory activity and impaired sensorimotor gating, but no changes in overall locomotor activity. The magnitude of changes was approximately equivalent in the HET and KO mice suggesting a dominant effect of the haploinsufficiency. Behavioral changes in the HET mice were accompanied by reduced thickness of the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex. Whole transcriptome RNA-Seq analysis detected expression changes of genes and pathways involved in cytokine signaling and synaptic functions in both brain and blood. Moreover, the brains of Slc1a1+/- mice displayed elevated levels of oxidized glutathione, a trend for increased oxidative DNA damage, and significantly increased levels of cytokines. This latter finding was further supported by SLC1A1 knockdown and overexpression studies in differentiated human neuroblastoma cells, which led to decreased or increased cytokine expression, respectively. Taken together, our results suggest that partial loss of the Slc1a1 gene in mice causes haploinsufficiency associated with behavioral, histological and biochemical changes that reflect an altered redox state and may promote the expression of behavioral features and inflammatory states consistent with those observed in schizophrenia. PMID:28886095
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Kang, Jae H; Loomis, Stephanie J; Rosner, Bernard A; Wiggs, Janey L; Pasquale, Louis R
2015-04-01
We explored whether risk factor associations differed by primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) subtypes defined by visual field (VF) loss pattern (i.e., paracentral or peripheral). We included 77,157 women in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and 42,773 men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS 1986-2010), and incident medical record confirmed cases of paracentral (n = 440) and peripheral (n = 865) POAG subtypes. We evaluated African heritage, glaucoma family history, body mass index (BMI), mean arterial blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, physical activity, smoking, caffeine intake, and alcohol intake. We used competing risk Cox regression analyses modeling age as the metameter and stratified by age, cohort, and event type. We sequentially identified factors with the least significant differences in associations with POAG subtypes ("stepwise down" approach with P for heterogeneity [P-het] < 0.10 as threshold). Body mass index was more inversely associated with the POAG paracentral VF loss subtype than the peripheral VF loss subtype (per 10 kg/m2; hazard ratio [HR] = 0.67 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.52, 0.86] versus HR = 0.93 [95% CI: 0.78, 1.10]; P-het = 0.03) as was smoking (per 10 pack-years; HR = 0.92 [95% CI: 0.87, 0.98] versus HR = 0.98 [95% CI: 0.94, 1.01]; P-het = 0.09). These findings were robust in sensitivity analyses using a "stepwise up" approach (identify factors that showed the most significant differences). Nonheterogeneous (P-het > 0.10) adverse associations with both POAG subtypes were observed with glaucoma family history, diabetes, African heritage, greater caffeine intake, and higher mean arterial pressure. These data indicate that POAG with early paracentral VF loss has distinct as well as common determinants compared with POAG with peripheral VF loss.
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Enantioselective disposition of rabeprazole in relation to CYP2C19 genotypes
Miura, Masatomo; Kagaya, Hideaki; Tada, Hitoshi; Uno, Tsukasa; Yasui-Furukori, Norio; Tateishi, Tomonori; Suzuki, Toshio
2006-01-01
Aim Rabeprazole is metabolized to some extent by CYP2C19. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the pharmacokinetics of each rabeprazole enantiomer in three different CYP2C19 genotype groups. Methods Twenty-four healthy subjects, of whom each each were homozygous extensive metabolizers (homEMs), heterozygous extensive metabolizers (hetEMs) and poor metabolizers (PMs) for CYP2C19, participated in our study. After a single oral dose of 20 mg of racemic rabeprazole, the plasma concentrations of the rabeprazole enantiomers were measured over the course of 24 h. Results The area under the plasma concentration–time curves (AUC) of (R)-rabeprazole in homEMs, hetEMs and PMs were 1.8-, 2.2- and 2.4-fold, respectively, greater than those of (S)-rabeprazole; the relative AUC ratios of (R)- and (S)-rabeprazole in homEMs, hetEMs and PMs were 1 : 1.1 : 2.1 and 1 : 0.9 : 1.5, respectively. The mean maximum plasma concentrations (Cmax) of (R)-rabeprazole in homEMs, hetEMs and PMs were 1.7-, 1.9- and 1.8-fold higher, respectively, than those of the corresponding (S)-enantiomer (P < 0.05). There was no difference between homEMs and PMs in the elimination half-life of (S)-rabeprazole, whereas the elimination half-life of (R)-rabeprazole was significantly longer in PMs than in homEMs [1.7 h (1.4, 2.0) (mean (95% confidence interval)]vs. 0.8 h (0.6, 1.0), respectively, P < 0.0001). Conclusions (R)-Rabeprazole disposition was influenced to a greater degree by CYP2C19 genetic polymorphisms than was that of (S)-rabeprazole. The effect of CYP2C19 polymorphisms on the stereoselective disposition of rabeprazole was less than those of lansoprazole and omeprazole. PMID:16487225
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Poole, Elizabeth M.; Trabert, Britton; White, Emily; Arslan, Alan A.; Patel, Alpa V.; Setiawan, V. Wendy; Visvanathan, Kala; Weiderpass, Elisabete; Adami, Hans-Olov; Black, Amanda; Bernstein, Leslie; Brinton, Louise A.; Buring, Julie; Butler, Lesley M.; Chamosa, Saioa; Clendenen, Tess V.; Dossus, Laure; Fortner, Renee; Gapstur, Susan M.; Gaudet, Mia M.; Gram, Inger T.; Hartge, Patricia; Hoffman-Bolton, Judith; Idahl, Annika; Jones, Michael; Kaaks, Rudolf; Kirsh, Victoria; Koh, Woon-Puay; Lacey, James V.; Lee, I-Min; Lundin, Eva; Merritt, Melissa A.; Onland-Moret, N. Charlotte; Peters, Ulrike; Poynter, Jenny N.; Rinaldi, Sabina; Robien, Kim; Rohan, Thomas; Sandler, Dale P.; Schairer, Catherine; Schouten, Leo J.; Sjöholm, Louise K.; Sieri, Sabina; Swerdlow, Anthony; Tjonneland, Anna; Travis, Ruth; Trichopoulou, Antonia; van den Brandt, Piet A.; Wilkens, Lynne; Wolk, Alicja; Yang, Hannah P.; Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, Anne; Tworoger, Shelley S.
2016-01-01
Purpose An understanding of the etiologic heterogeneity of ovarian cancer is important for improving prevention, early detection, and therapeutic approaches. We evaluated 14 hormonal, reproductive, and lifestyle factors by histologic subtype in the Ovarian Cancer Cohort Consortium (OC3). Patients and Methods Among 1.3 million women from 21 studies, 5,584 invasive epithelial ovarian cancers were identified (3,378 serous, 606 endometrioid, 331 mucinous, 269 clear cell, 1,000 other). By using competing-risks Cox proportional hazards regression stratified by study and birth year and adjusted for age, parity, and oral contraceptive use, we assessed associations for all invasive cancers by histology. Heterogeneity was evaluated by likelihood ratio test. Results Most risk factors exhibited significant heterogeneity by histology. Higher parity was most strongly associated with endometrioid (relative risk [RR] per birth, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.74 to 0.83) and clear cell (RR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.61 to 0.76) carcinomas (P value for heterogeneity [P-het] < .001). Similarly, age at menopause, endometriosis, and tubal ligation were only associated with endometrioid and clear cell tumors (P-het ≤ .01). Family history of breast cancer (P-het = .008) had modest heterogeneity. Smoking was associated with an increased risk of mucinous (RR per 20 pack-years, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.08 to 1.46) but a decreased risk of clear cell (RR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.55 to 0.94) tumors (P-het = .004). Unsupervised clustering by risk factors separated endometrioid, clear cell, and low-grade serous carcinomas from high-grade serous and mucinous carcinomas. Conclusion The heterogeneous associations of risk factors with ovarian cancer subtypes emphasize the importance of conducting etiologic studies by ovarian cancer subtypes. Most established risk factors were more strongly associated with nonserous carcinomas, which demonstrate challenges for risk prediction of serous cancers, the most fatal subtype. PMID:27325851
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Hashimoto, Y; Tanimoto, K; Ozawa, Y; Murata, T; Ike, Y
2000-04-15
The vancomycin-resistant enterococci GV1, GV2 and GV3, which were isolated from droppings from broiler farms in Japan have been characterized as VanA-type VRE, which express high-level vancomycin resistance (256 or 512 microg ml(-1), MIC) and low-level teicoplanin resistance (1 or 2 microg ml(-1), MIC). The vancomycin resistances were encoded on plasmids. The vancomycin resistance conjugative plasmid pMG2 was isolated from the GV2 strain. The VanA determinant of pMG2 showed the same genetic organization as that of the VanA genes encoded on the representative transposon Tn1546, which comprises vanRSHAXYZ. The nucleotide sequences of all the genes, except the gene related to the vanS gene on Tn1546, were completely identical to the genes encoded on Tn1546. Three amino acid substitutions in the N-terminal region of the deduced VanS were detected in the nucleotide sequence of vanS encoded on pMG2. There were also three amino acid substitutions in the vanS gene of the GV1 and GV3 strains in the same positions as in the vanS gene of pMG2. Vancomycin induced the increased teicoplanin resistance in these strains.
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Hölzel, Christina; Bauer, Johann; Stegherr, Eva-Maria; Schwaiger, Karin
2014-04-01
The three chromosomally located clustered genes vanC1, vanXYc, and vanT confer intrinsic resistance to vancomycin and are used for species identification of Enterococcus gallinarum. In this study, 28 strains belonging to the E. gallinarum/casseliflavus group isolated from cloacal swabs from laying hens were screened for the presence of vanC1. As confirmed by species-specific multiplex PCR, 11 vanC1-positive strains were identified as E. gallinarum. Surprisingly, one yellow pigmented strain, verified as E. casseliflavus by species-specific multiplex PCR, was also vanC1 positive; vanXYc and vanT were additionally detectable in this strain. To our knowledge, this is the first report of vanC1, vanXYc, and vanT in E. casseliflavus. The minimum inhibitory concentration of vancomycin was 4 mg/L. Real-time reverse transcription-PCR revealed that none of the clustered genes was expressed in this strain. Even if the genes seem not to be active, there is a certain risk that they will be transferred to other bacteria where they might be functionally expressed. Therefore, it may be advisable to expand the search for vanC1, vanXYc, and vanT from E. gallinarum to other (enterococcal) species. This study confirms that enterococci live up to their name as being reservoir bacteria and should therefore always be closely monitored.
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Astrobee: A New Platform for Free-Flying Robotics on the International Space Station
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Smith, Trey; Barlow, Jonathan; Bualat, Maria; Fong, Terrence; Provencher, Christopher; Sanchez, Hugo; Smith, Ernest
2016-01-01
The Astrobees are next-generation free-flying robots that will operate in the interior of the International Space Station (ISS). Their primary purpose is to provide a flexible platform for research on zero-g freeflying robotics, with the ability to carry a wide variety of future research payloads and guest science software. They will also serve utility functions: as free-flying cameras to record video of astronaut activities, and as mobile sensor platforms to conduct surveys of the ISS. The Astrobee system includes two robots, a docking station, and a ground data system (GDS). It is developed by the Human Exploration Telerobotics 2 (HET-2) Project, which began in Oct. 2014, and will deliver the Astrobees for launch to ISS in 2017. This paper covers selected aspects of the Astrobee design, focusing on capabilities relevant to potential users of the platform.
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Seol, Chang Ahn; Park, Jeong Su; Sung, Heungsup; Kim, Mi-Na
2014-06-01
A 53-year-old Vietnamese man with liver cirrhosis was transferred from a Vietnamese hospital to our tertiary care hospital in Korea in order to undergo a liver transplantation. Bacteremia due to vanA Enterococcus faecium was diagnosed, and stool surveillance cultures for vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) were positive for both vanA and vanB E. faecium. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis revealed that the 2 vanA VRE isolates from the blood and stool were clonal, but the vanB VRE was unrelated to the vanA VRE. vanA and vanB VRE were ST64 and ST18, single-allele variations of clonal complex 17, respectively. This is the first case report of vanA VRE bacteremia in a Vietnamese patient and demonstrates the reemergence of vanB VRE since a single outbreak occurred 15years ago in Korea. The reemergence of vanB VRE emphasizes the importance of VRE genotyping to prevent the spread of new VRE strains. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Usher, K; Tollefson, J; Francis, D
2001-01-01
This paper outlines a research project aimed at changing the levels of reflection of preregistration nursing students in a tertiary institution. Whilst reflection is widely espoused now in nursing, few studies have been found that identify whether the level of reflective writing can be identified or developed by students. Anecdotal and research evidence (Powell 1989; van Manen 1977) however indicates that most student reflective writing occurs at the technical level. A descriptive exploratory study using both qualitative and quantitative techniques was undertaken to apply van Manen's (1977) levels in a structured way in an attempt to facilitate the student's understanding and use of the levels in their reflective writing. The findings of the study indicate that student self evaluation and identification of the levels in their own writing can lead to change in the levels of critical reflective writing achieved by undergraduate students.
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Phase 1 results from the Stirling-powered vehicle project
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Shaltens, Richard K.
1988-01-01
The NASA Technology Utilization (TU) Office is sponsoring a multiyear, multiphase demonstration program to assess the technology developed under the DOE/NASA automotive Stirling engine (ASE) program with engines installed in various Air Force vehicles while being evaluated by independent third parties under realistic conditions. This paper reviews the operational history of Phase 1 with a Mod 1 Stirling engine installed in an Air Force multistop van in a variety of missions. Ten months of operation were with Air Force personnel at Langley Air Force Base, Virginia, where over 1100 hr and 4000 mi were logged on the Langley flight line. The Stirling-powered van operated on unleaded gasoline, JP-4 aircraft fuel, and diesel fuel at Langley Air Force Base. Two months of operation were completed with Deere and Company personnel in the Moline, Illinois area where over 175 hr and 2650 mi were logged on a Deere mail delivery route.
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Ab Initio Investigation of Frictional Properties of Graphene on SiC Surfaces
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Sayin, Ceren; Gülseren, Oğuz
The exact origin and nature of various nanotribological observations on graphene such as dependence of friction on layer thickness, direction and surface morphology are yet to be fully understood. In this talk, we report on the frictional properties of graphene on 4H-SiC{0001} surfaces obtained from first principles calculations. We investigate sliding of graphene layers of various thickness along different directions on both the Si- and C-terminated faces including van-der Waals interactions. We observe that upon sliding under certain conditions, the interaction between the surface and graphene layers alternates between van-der Waals and covalent forces which dramatically affects friction. We examine the relation of frictional force to applied normal load, small out-of-plane geometric deformations of graphene and electronic structure of the systems. This work is supported by TUBITAK Project No:114F162.
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Wise, M Norton
2016-12-01
In support of Frans van Lunteren’s project for big-picture history organized around “mediating machines,” these comments stress “mediation” as active agency in the world rather than as mere metaphor, on the view that this active agency underlies the potency of technologies as mediators, both between different domains of knowledge and between theories and things. Similarly important for this power is the diversity of the particular constructions that constitute mediators like “balances” or “engines.” Diversity of meaning and action gives them their cultural reach, from mechanical contrivance to natural process to political ideology. An interesting question remains about how many mediating machines will suffice for the big picture of modernity over four centuries. Statistics, for example, might be a crucial addition. Another question concerns how to characterize the knowledge regime of a mediating machine. Van Lunteren chooses “information” for the computer. He might also have chosen “complexity,” with different import for the character of postmodernity.
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VizieR Online Data Catalog: Kepler-10 chemical composition (Liu+, 2016)
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Liu, F.; Yong, D.; Asplund, M.; Ramirez, I.; Melendez, J.; Gustafsson, B.; Howes, L. M.; Roederer, I. U.; Lambert, D. L.; Bensby, T.
2016-09-01
We obtained high resolution and high SNR spectra with the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT), the Hobby-Eberly Telescope (HET) and the Magellan Clay Telescope. We observed Kepler-10 with the Echelle SpectroPolarimetric Device for the Observation of Stars at the CFHT during 2013 June. The spectral revolving power is 68000 and the spectral range is 3800-8900Å. We also observed Kepler-10 with the High Resolution Spectrograph (HRS) on the HET at McDonald Observatory during 2011 May. A total integration time of 6.8h was needed to achieve SNR>350 per pixel. The spectrum has a spectral resolving power of 60000 and covers 4100-7800Å, with a gap of about 100Å around 6000Å. (4 data files).
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DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Sandler, S.I.
1986-01-01
The objective of the work is to use the generalized van der Waals theory, as derived earlier (''The Generalized van der Waals Partition Function I. Basic Theory'' by S.I. Sandler, Fluid Phase Equilibria 19, 233 (1985)) to: (1) understand the molecular level assumptions inherent in current thermodynamic models; (2) use theory and computer simulation studies to test these assumptions; and (3) develop new, improved thermodynamic models based on better molecular level assumptions. From such a fundamental study, thermodynamic models will be developed that will be applicable to mixtures of molecules of widely different size and functionality, as occurs in themore » processing of heavy oils, coal liquids and other synthetic fuels. An important aspect of our work is to reduce our fundamental theoretical developments to engineering practice through extensive testing and evaluation with experimental data on real mixtures. During the first year of this project important progress was made in the areas specified in the original proposal, as well as several subsidiary areas identified as the work progressed. Some of this work has been written up and submitted for publication. Manuscripts acknowledging DOE support, together with a very brief description, are listed herein.« less
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Dutta, Ireena; Reynolds, Peter E.
2002-01-01
The vanC-2 cluster of Enterococcus casseliflavus ATCC 25788 consisted of five genes (vanC-2, vanXYC-2, vanTC-2, vanRC-2, and vanSC-2) and shared the same organization as the vanC cluster of E. gallinarum BM4174. The proteins encoded by these genes displayed a high degree of amino acid identity to the proteins encoded within the vanC gene cluster. The putative d,d-dipeptidase-d,d-carboxypeptidase, VanXYC-2, exhibited 81% amino acid identity to VanXYC, and VanTC-2 displayed 65% amino acid identity to the serine racemase, VanT. VanRC-2 and VanSC-2 displayed high degrees of identity to VanRC and VanSC, respectively, and contained the conserved residues identified as important to their function as a response regulator and histidine kinase, respectively. Resistance to vancomycin was expressed inducibly in E. casseliflavus ATCC 25788 and required an extended period of induction. Analysis of peptidoglycan precursors revealed that UDP-N-acetylmuramyl-l-Ala-δ-d-Glu-l-Lys-d-Ala-d-Ser could not be detected until several hours after the addition of vancomycin, and its appearance coincided with the resumption of growth. The introduction of additional copies of the vanTC-2 gene, encoding a putative serine racemase, and the presence of supplementary d-serine in the growth medium both significantly reduced the period before growth resumed after addition of vancomycin. This suggested that the availability of d-serine plays an important role in the induction process. PMID:12234834
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Hughes, C S; Longo, E; Phillips-Jones, M K; Hussain, R
2017-08-01
A-type resistance towards "last-line" glycopeptide antibiotic vancomycin in the leading hospital acquired infectious agent, the enterococci, is the most common in the UK. Resistance is regulated by the VanR A S A two-component system, comprising the histidine sensor kinase VanS A and the partner response regulator VanR A . The nature of the activating ligand for VanS A has not been identified, therefore this work sought to identify and characterise ligand(s) for VanS A . In vitro approaches were used to screen the structural and activity effects of a range of potential ligands with purified VanS A protein. Of the screened ligands (glycopeptide antibiotics vancomycin and teicoplanin, and peptidoglycan components N-acetylmuramic acid, D-Ala-D-Ala and Ala-D-y-Glu-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala) only glycopeptide antibiotics vancomycin and teicoplanin were found to bind VanS A with different affinities (vancomycin 70μM; teicoplanin 30 and 170μM), and were proposed to bind via exposed aromatic residues tryptophan and tyrosine. Furthermore, binding of the antibiotics induced quicker, longer-lived phosphorylation states for VanS A , proposing them as activators of type A vancomycin resistance in the enterococci. Copyright © 2017 Diamond Light Source Ltd. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Individualized Biomathematical Modeling of Fatigue and Performance
2008-05-29
NUMBER Fatigue and Performance 5b. GRANT NUMBER FA9550-06-1-0055 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) Hans P.A. Van Dongen, Ph.D...5d. PROJECT NUMBER (Principal Investigator) 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES...Sleep and Performance Research Center 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER Washington State University, Spokane P.O. Box 1495 Spokane, WA
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Battle Management/Command and Control, and Communications (BM/C3), Environmental Assessment
1987-08-01
Highway 94 outside the base (39). This addition can be mitigated through the use of van pools and other conservation measures. 3-4 Water Quality All...Facility Description Miller, Jim MS Earth Resources Reviewer Milliken, Larry BS Earth Resources Project Description Morelan, Edward A. MS Earth...1987. Telephone conversation with Edward A. Morelan. 11. Dennary, Andy, Civil Engineering Department, Peterson Air Force Base, Colorado. 21 May 1987
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DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Cooper, J. F.; Haley, H. D.
The specific goal of this project was to advance the development of the zinc air fuel cell (ZAFC) towards commercial readiness in different mobile applications, including motor bikes, passenger cars, vans, buses and off-road vehicles (golf carts, factory equipment), and different stationary applications including generator sets, uninterruptible power systems and electric utility loading leveling and distributive power.
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Thomas, Alain
This paper synthesizes a 1-day workshop held in Israel in May 1997 on behalf of the National Council for the Child with the support of the Bernard van Leer Foundation and attended by representatives of projects and organizations involved in promoting early childhood development. The goal of the workshop was to help participants design and carry…
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2007-03-18
is abundant over the PCMS, but within our 2001 project area locations, only intermittent arroyos and seasonal springs in the Timpas, Luning , Van...a hilltop above an unnamed tributary of Luning Arroyo. Four chert artifacts were identified, including two utilized/retouched flakes, a simple flake
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Supporting Crop Loss Insurance Policy of Indonesia through Rice Yield Modelling and Forecasting
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
van Verseveld, Willem; Weerts, Albrecht; Trambauer, Patricia; de Vries, Sander; Conijn, Sjaak; van Valkengoed, Eric; Hoekman, Dirk; Grondard, Nicolas; Hengsdijk, Huib; Schrevel, Aart; Vlasbloem, Pieter; Klauser, Dominik
2017-04-01
The Government of Indonesia has decided on a crop insurance policy to assist Indonesia's farmers and to boost food security. To support the Indonesian government, the G4INDO project (www.g4indo.org) is developing/constructing an integrated platform implemented in the Delft-FEWS forecasting system (Werner et al., 2013). The integrated platform brings together remote sensed data (both visible and radar) and hydrologic, crop and reservoir modelling and forecasting to improve the modelling and forecasting of rice yield. The hydrological model (wflow_sbm), crop model (wflow_lintul) and reservoir models (RTC-Tools) are coupled on time stepping basis in the OpenStreams framework (see https://github.com/openstreams/wflow) and deployed in the integrated platform to support seasonal forecasting of water availability and crop yield. First we will show the general idea about the G4INDO project, the integrated platform (including Sentinel 1 & 2 data) followed by first (reforecast) results of the coupled models for predicting water availability and crop yield in the Brantas catchment in Java, Indonesia. Werner, M., Schellekens, J., Gijsbers, P., Van Dijk, M., Van den Akker, O. and Heynert K, 2013. The Delft-FEWS flow forecasting system, Environmental Modelling & Software; 40:65-77. DOI: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2012.07.010.
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Why Don't They Just Give Us Money? Project Cost Estimating and Cost Reporting
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Comstock, Douglas A.; Van Wychen, Kristin; Zimmerman, Mary Beth
2015-01-01
Successful projects require an integrated approach to managing cost, schedule, and risk. This is especially true for complex, multi-year projects involving multiple organizations. To explore solutions and leverage valuable lessons learned, NASA's Virtual Project Management Challenge will kick off a three-part series examining some of the challenges faced by project and program managers when it comes to managing these important elements. In this first session of the series, we will look at cost management, with an emphasis on the critical roles of cost estimating and cost reporting. By taking a proactive approach to both of these activities, project managers can better control life cycle costs, maintain stakeholder confidence, and protect other current and future projects in the organization's portfolio. Speakers will be Doug Comstock, Director of NASA's Cost Analysis Division, Kristin Van Wychen, Senior Analyst in the GAO Acquisition and Sourcing Management Team, and Mary Beth Zimmerman, Branch Chief for NASA's Portfolio Analysis Branch, Strategic Investments Division. Moderator Ramien Pierre is from NASA's Academy for Program/Project and Engineering Leadership (APPEL).
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Guardabassi, L.; Christensen, H.; Hasman, H.; Dalsgaard, A.
2004-01-01
Genes homologous to enterococcal glycopeptide resistance genes vanA and vanB were found in glycopeptide-resistant Paenibacillus and Rhodococcus strains from soil. The putative d-Ala:d-Lac ligase genes in Paenibacillus thiaminolyticus PT-2B1 and Paenibacillus apiarius PA-B2B were closely related to vanA (92 and 87%) and flanked by genes homologous to vanH and vanX in vanA operons. PMID:15561881
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Guardabassi, L; Christensen, H; Hasman, H; Dalsgaard, A
2004-12-01
Genes homologous to enterococcal glycopeptide resistance genes vanA and vanB were found in glycopeptide-resistant Paenibacillus and Rhodococcus strains from soil. The putative D-Ala:D-Lac ligase genes in Paenibacillus thiaminolyticus PT-2B1 and Paenibacillus apiarius PA-B2B were closely related to vanA (92 and 87%) and flanked by genes homologous to vanH and vanX in vanA operons.
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Dutta, Ireena; Reynolds, Peter E
2002-10-01
The vanC-2 cluster of Enterococcus casseliflavus ATCC 25788 consisted of five genes (vanC-2, vanXY(C-2), vanT(C-2), vanR(C-2), and vanS(C-2)) and shared the same organization as the vanC cluster of E. gallinarum BM4174. The proteins encoded by these genes displayed a high degree of amino acid identity to the proteins encoded within the vanC gene cluster. The putative D,D-dipeptidase-D,D-carboxypeptidase, VanXY(C-2), exhibited 81% amino acid identity to VanXY(C), and VanT(C-2) displayed 65% amino acid identity to the serine racemase, VanT. VanR(C-2) and VanS(C-2) displayed high degrees of identity to VanR(C) and VanS(C), respectively, and contained the conserved residues identified as important to their function as a response regulator and histidine kinase, respectively. Resistance to vancomycin was expressed inducibly in E. casseliflavus ATCC 25788 and required an extended period of induction. Analysis of peptidoglycan precursors revealed that UDP-N-acetylmuramyl-L-Ala-delta-D-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ser could not be detected until several hours after the addition of vancomycin, and its appearance coincided with the resumption of growth. The introduction of additional copies of the vanT(C-2) gene, encoding a putative serine racemase, and the presence of supplementary D-serine in the growth medium both significantly reduced the period before growth resumed after addition of vancomycin. This suggested that the availability of D-serine plays an important role in the induction process.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Evans, Garrett Nolan
In this work, I present two projects that both contribute to the aim of discovering how intelligence manifests in the brain. The first project is a method for analyzing recorded neural signals, which takes the form of a convolution-based metric on neural membrane potential recordings. Relying only on integral and algebraic operations, the metric compares the timing and number of spikes within recordings as well as the recordings' subthreshold features: summarizing differences in these with a single "distance" between the recordings. Like van Rossum's (2001) metric for spike trains, the metric is based on a convolution operation that it performs on the input data. The kernel used for the convolution is carefully chosen such that it produces a desirable frequency space response and, unlike van Rossum's kernel, causes the metric to be first order both in differences between nearby spike times and in differences between same-time membrane potential values: an important trait. The second project is a combinatorial syntax method for connectionist semantic network encoding. Combinatorial syntax has been a point on which those who support a symbol-processing view of intelligent processing and those who favor a connectionist view have had difficulty seeing eye-to-eye. Symbol-processing theorists have persuasively argued that combinatorial syntax is necessary for certain intelligent mental operations, such as reasoning by analogy. Connectionists have focused on the versatility and adaptability offered by self-organizing networks of simple processing units. With this project, I show that there is a way to reconcile the two perspectives and to ascribe a combinatorial syntax to a connectionist network. The critical principle is to interpret nodes, or units, in the connectionist network as bound integrations of the interpretations for nodes that they share links with. Nodes need not correspond exactly to neurons and may correspond instead to distributed sets, or assemblies, of neurons.
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Rutter, W Cliff; Burgess, David S
2018-07-01
Acute kidney injury (AKI) increases during empirical antimicrobial therapy with the combination of piperacillin-tazobactam (TZP) and vancomycin (VAN) compared to the number of incidences with monotherapy or the combination of cefepime and VAN. Limited data regarding the impact of meropenem (MEM) combined with VAN exist. This study examined the AKI incidence among patients treated with MEM plus VAN (MEM+VAN) or TZP+VAN. Data were collected from the University of Kentucky Center for Clinical and Translational Science Enterprise Data Trust from September 2007 through October 2015. Adults without previous renal disease who received MEM+VAN or TZP+VAN for at least 2 days were included. AKI was assessed using risk, injury, failure, loss, and end-stage (RIFLE) criteria. Inverse probability of treatment weighting was utilized to control for differences between groups. In total, 10,236 patients met inclusion criteria, with 9,898 receiving TZP+VAN and 338 receiving MEM+VAN. AKI occurred in 15.4% of MEM+VAN patients and in 27.4% of TZP+VAN patients ( P < 0.001). TZP+VAN was associated with increased AKI compared to the level with MEM+VAN (odds ratio [OR], 2.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.82 to 3.52), after controlling for confounders. Use of MEM+VAN should be considered an appropriate alternative therapy to TZP+VAN if nephrotoxicity is a major concern. The results of this study demonstrate that judicial use of TZP+VAN for empirical coverage of infection is needed. Copyright © 2018 American Society for Microbiology.
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Li, Xi-Ying; van Achterberg, Cornelis; Tan, Ji-Cai
2013-01-01
Abstract The species of the subfamily Opiinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from Hunan (Oriental China) are revised and illustrated. Thirty-six new species are described: Apodesmia bruniclypealis Li & van Achterberg, sp. n., Apodesmia melliclypealis Li & van Achterberg, sp. n., Areotetes albiferus Li & van Achterberg, sp. n., Areotetes carinuliferus Li & van Achterberg, sp. n., Areotetes striatiferus Li & van Achterberg, sp. n., Coleopioides diversinotum Li & van Achterberg, sp. n., Coleopioides postpectalis Li & van Achterberg, sp. n., Fopius dorsopiferus Li, van Achterberg & Tan, sp. n., Indiopius chenae Li & van Achterberg, sp. n., Opiognathus aulaciferus Li & van Achterberg, sp. n., Opiognathus brevibasalis Li & van Achterberg, sp. n., Opius crenuliferus Li & van Achterberg, sp. n., Opius malarator Li, van Achterberg & Tan, sp. n., Opius monilipalpis Li & van Achterberg, sp. n., Opius pachymerus Li & van Achterberg, sp. n., Opius songi Li & van Achterberg, sp. n., Opius youi Li & van Achterberg, sp. n., Opius zengi Li & van Achterberg, sp. n., Phaedrotoma acuticlypeata Li & van Achterberg, sp. n., Phaedrotoma angiclypeata Li & van Achterberg, sp. n., Phaedrotoma antenervalis Li & van Achterberg, sp. n., Phaedrotoma depressiclypealis Li & van Achterberg, sp. n., Phaedrotoma flavisoma Li & van Achterberg, sp. n., Phaedrotoma nigrisoma Li & van Achterberg, sp. n., Phaedrotoma protuberator Li & van Achterberg, sp. n., Phaedrotoma rugulifera Li & van Achterberg, sp. n., Li & van Achterberg,Phaedrotoma striatinota Li & van Achterberg, sp. n., Phaedrotoma vermiculifera Li & van Achterberg, sp. n., Rhogadopsis latipennis Li & van Achterberg, sp. n., Rhogadopsis longicaudifera Li & van Achterberg, sp. n., Rhogadopsis maculosa Li, van Achterberg & Tan, sp. n., Rhogadopsis obliqua Li & van Achterberg, sp. n., Rhogadopsis sculpturator Li & van Achterberg, sp. n., Utetes longicarinatus Li & van Achterberg, sp. n. and Xynobius notauliferus Li & van Achterberg, sp. n. Areotetes van Achterberg & Li, gen. n. (type species: Areotetes carinuliferus sp. n.) and Coleopioides van Achterberg & Li, gen. n. (type species: Coleopioides postpectalis sp. n. are described. All species are illustrated and keyed. In total 30 species of Opiinae are sequenced and the cladograms are presented. Neopius Gahan, 1917, Opiognathus Fischer, 1972, Opiostomus Fischer, 1972, and Rhogadopsis Brèthes, 1913, are treated as a valid genera based on molecular and morphological differences. Opius vittata Chen & Weng, 2005 (not Opius vittatus Ruschka, 1915), Opius ambiguus Weng & Chen, 2005 (not Wesmael, 1835) and Opius mitis Chen & Weng, 2005 (not Fischer, 1963) are primary homonymsandarerenamed into Phaedrotoma depressa Li & van Achterberg, nom. n., Opius cheni Li & van Achterberg, nom. n. andOpius wengi Li & van Achterberg, nom. n., respectively. Phaedrotoma terga (Chen & Weng, 2005) comb. n.,Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead, 1905) and Biosteres pavitita Chen & Weng, 2005, are reported new for Hunan, Opiostomus aureliae (Fischer, 1957) comb. n. is new for China and Hunan; Xynobius maculipennis(Enderlein, 1912) comb. n. is new for Hunan and continental China and Rhogadopsis longuria (Chen & Weng, 2005) comb. n. is new for Hunan. The following new combinations are given: Apodesmia puncta (Weng & Chen, 2005) comb. n., Apodesmia tracta (Weng & Chen, 2005) comb. n., Areotetes laevigatus (Weng & Chen, 2005) comb. n., Phaedrotoma dimidia (Chen & Weng, 2005) comb. n., Phaedrotoma improcera (Weng & Chen, 2005) comb. n., Phaedrotoma amputata (Weng & Chen, 2005) comb. n., Phaedrotoma larga (Weng & Chen, 2005) comb. n., Phaedrotoma osculas (Weng & Chen, 2005) comb. n., Phaedrotoma postuma (Chen & Weng, 2005) comb. n., Phaedrotoma rugulosa (Chen & Weng, 2005) comb. n., Phaedrotoma tabularis (Weng & Chen, 2005) comb. n., Rhogadopsis apii (Chen & Weng, 2005) comb. n., Rhogadopsis dimidia (Chen & Weng, 2005) comb. n., Rhogadopsis diutia (Chen & Weng, 2005) comb. n., Rhogadopsis longuria (Chen & Weng, 2005) comb. n., Rhogadopsis pratellae(Weng & Chen, 2005) comb. n., Rhogadopsis pratensis (Weng & Chen, 2005) comb. n., Rhogadopsis sculpta (Chen & Weng, 2005) comb. n., Rhogadopsis sulcifer (Fischer, 1975) comb. n., Rhogadopsis tabidula(Weng & Chen, 2005) comb. n., Xynobius complexus (Weng & Chen, 2005) comb. n., Xynobius indagatrix (Weng & Chen, 2005) comb. n., Xynobius multiarculatus (Chen & Weng, 2005) comb. n. The following (sub)genera are synonymised: Snoflakopius Fischer, 1972, Jucundopius Fischer, 1984, Opiotenes Fischer, 1998, and Oetztalotenes Fischer, 1998, with Opiostomus Fischer, 1971; Xynobiotenes Fischer, 1998, with Xynobius Foerster, 1862; Allotypus Foerster, 1862, Lemnaphilopius Fischer, 1972, Agnopius Fischer, 1982, and Cryptognathopius Fischer, 1984, with Apodesmia Foerster, 1862; Nosopoea Foerster, 1862, Tolbia Cameron, 1907, Brachycentrus Szépligeti, 1907, Baeocentrum Schulz, 1911, Hexaulax Cameron, 1910, Coeloreuteus Roman, 1910, Neodiospilus Szépligeti, 1911, Euopius Fischer, 1967, Gerius Fischer, 1972, Grimnirus Fischer, 1972, Hoenirus Fischer, 1972, Mimirus Fischer, 1972, Gastrosema Fischer, 1972, Merotrachys Fischer, 1972, Phlebosema Fischer, 1972, Neoephedrus Samanta, Tamili, Saha & Raychaudhuri, 1983, Adontopius Fischer, 1984, Kainopaeopius Fischer, 1986, Millenniopius Fischer, 1996, and Neotropopius Fischer, 1999, with Phaedrotoma Foerster, 1862. PMID:23653521
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Change Ahead: Transient Scenarios for Long-term Water Management
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Haasnoot, Marjolijn; Beersma, Jules; Schellekens, Jaap
2013-04-01
While the use of an ensemble of transient scenarios is common in climate change studies, they are rarely used in water management studies. Present planning studies on long-term water management often use a few plausible futures for one or two projection years, ignoring the dynamic aspect of adaptation through the interaction between the water system and society. Over the course of time society experiences, learns and adapts to changes and events, making policy responses part of a plausible future, and thus the success of a water management strategy. Exploring transient scenarios and policy options over time can support decision making on water management strategies in an uncertain and changing environment. We have developed and applied such a method, called exploring adaptation pathways (Haasnoot et al., 2012; Haasnoot et al., 2011). This method uses multiple realisations of transient scenarios to assess the efficacy of policy actions over time. In case specified objectives are not achieved anymore, an adaptation tipping point (Kwadijk et al., 2010) is reached. After reaching a tipping point, additional actions are needed to reach the objectives. As a result, a pathway emerges. In this presentation we describe the development of transient scenarios for long term water management, and how these scenarios can be used for long term water management under uncertainty. We illustrate this with thought experiments, and results from computational modeling experiment for exploring adaptation pathways in the lower Rhine delta. The results and the thought experiments show, among others, that climate variability is at least just as important as climate change for taking decisions in water management. References Haasnoot, M., Middelkoop, H., Offermans, A., Beek, E., Deursen, W.A.v. (2012) Exploring pathways for sustainable water management in river deltas in a changing environment. Climatic Change 115, 795-819. Haasnoot, M., Middelkoop, H., van Beek, E., van Deursen, W.P.A. (2011) A Method to Develop Sustainable Water Management Strategies for an Uncertain Future. Sustainable Development 19, 369-381. Kwadijk, J.C.J., Haasnoot, M., Mulder, J.P.M., Hoogvliet, M.M.C., Jeuken, A.B.M., van der Krogt, R.A.A., van Oostrom, N.G.C., Schelfhout, H.A., van Velzen, E.H., van Waveren, H., de Wit, M.J.M. (2010) Using adaptation tipping points to prepare for climate change and sea level rise: a case study in the Netherlands. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change 1, 729-740.
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van Achterberg, Cornelis; Quicke, Donald L J; Boring, C Andrew
2017-01-01
The tribe Planitorini van Achterberg (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Euphorinae) is revised. One new genus Paramannokeraia gen. n. (type species: P. gibsoni sp. n. ) and five new species from Australia are described and illustrated: Mannokeraia albipalpis van Achterberg, sp. n. , M. nigrita van Achterberg, sp. n. , M. punctata van Achterberg, sp. n. , Paramannokeraia gibsoni van Achterberg & Quicke, sp. n. and P. juliae van Achterberg, sp. n. The tribe Mannokeraiini van Achterberg, 1995, is synonymized with the tribe Planitorini ( syn. n. ).
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van Achterberg, Cornelis; Quicke, Donald L.J.; Boring, C. Andrew
2017-01-01
Abstract The tribe Planitorini van Achterberg (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Euphorinae) is revised. One new genus Paramannokeraia gen. n. (type species: P. gibsoni sp. n.) and five new species from Australia are described and illustrated: Mannokeraia albipalpis van Achterberg, sp. n., M. nigrita van Achterberg, sp. n., M. punctata van Achterberg, sp. n., Paramannokeraia gibsoni van Achterberg & Quicke, sp. n. and P. juliae van Achterberg, sp. n. The tribe Mannokeraiini van Achterberg, 1995, is synonymized with the tribe Planitorini (syn. n.). PMID:29290713
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2006-06-01
van de werkzaamheden In dit rapport worden de gevolgen van initiatie van munitie door een ongewilde externe stimulus beschouwd aan de hand van reele...operationele scenario’s. Dit wordt vergeleken met de gevolgen in dezelfde scenario’s, waarin gebruik is gemaakt van Minder Kwetsbare Munitie (MKM). Naast...de historie van MKM wordt uitgelegd wat Inleiding of terroristische activiteiten, maar ook door MKM is. Vervolgens worden de gevolgen Munitie en de
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Burton, Paul
1998-05-01
Thirty useful physics-related sites are listed to help get you started. I hope you will find some of the following sites of use in your teaching or good for pointing your pupils in the right direction when doing research. I have not attempted to rank or sort them in any order. However, by the time you read this issue of Physics Education some of the sites may not be available; this is the nature of the net. Those not wishing to retype each address can access them from my school's physics page (http://www.bootham.demon.co.uk/physics/links.html) or e-mail me at pkb@bootham.demon.co.uk and I can send you a document with the hypertext live links in. The new IOP sponsored 16-19 Physics project is promising great things with its own Internet site. You will be able to download information, updates, worksheets etc. Any queries about the development of this project at present can be sent to Evelyn van Dyk at: 16-19project@iop.org Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Councilhttp://www.epsrc.ac.uk Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Councilhttp://www.pparc.ac.uk American Institute of Physicshttp://www.aip.org Usenet Physics FAQ (frequently asked questions)http://www.weburbia.demon.co.uk/physics/faq.html CERNhttp://www.cern.ch/ BBC Educationhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/education/ Useful data on the Periodic Tablehttp://www.shef.ac.uk/chemistry/web-elements/ JET WWW index page:http://www.jet.uk NERC satellite station, Dundee Universityhttp://www.sat.dundee.ac.uk/ The Meteorological Officehttp://www.meto.govt.uk/ The Smithsonian Institute, Washington, DChttp://www.si.edu/newstart.htm Frequently asked questions on time and frequencyhttp://www.boulder.nist.gov/timefreq/faq/faq.htm Physics newshttp://www.het.brown.edu/news/index.html TIPTOP: The Internet Pilot to Physicshttp://www.tp.umu.se/TIPTOP/ A Dictionary of Scientific Quotationshttp://naturalscience.com/dsqhome.html ScI-Journal: an on-line publication for science studentshttp://www.soton.ac.uk/~plf/ScI-Journal/ Science On-linehttp://www.shu.ac.uk/schools/sci/sol/contents.htm Physics humourhttp://quark.physics.uwo.ca/~harwood/humor12.htm Searching for someone's e-mail address?http://www.four11.com SKY publicationshttp://www.skypub.com Planet Sciencehttp://www.keysites.com New Scientisthttp://www.newscientist.com NASA links to the American space programhttp://www.nasa.gov NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratoryhttp://www.jpl.nasa.gov Hewlett-Packardhttp://www.hp.com The Bradford Schools Telescope Projecthttp://www.telescope.org/rti/nuffield/ To contact a professional societyhttp://www.lib.uwaterloo.ca/society/overview.html The Schools' Physics Group: post-16 issueshttp://diana.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~pm/Physics/post16.html Sleuth search for physics and chemistryhttp://www.isleuth.com/index.shtml The Particle Adventurehttp://pdg.lbl.gov/cpep/adventure_home.html Acknowledgments I thank colleagues David Robinson and Robin Peach for their help in selecting and validating these sites and William Try, pupil at Bootham School, for preparing and maintaining the department's homepage with hypertext links. Received 21 January 1998
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Atypical Social Development in Vasopressin-Deficient Brattleboro Rats123
Peters, Nicole V.; Holder, Mary K.; Kim, Anastasia M.; Whylings, Jack; Terranova, Joseph I.; de Vries, Geert J.
2016-01-01
Abstract Over the past 3 decades, a large body of evidence has accumulated demonstrating that the neuropeptide arginine vasopressin (AVP) plays a critical role in regulating social behavior. The overwhelming majority of this evidence comes from adults, leaving a gap in our understanding of the role of AVP during development. Here, we investigated the effect of chronic AVP deficiency on a suite of juvenile social behaviors using Brattleboro rats, which lack AVP due to a mutation in the Avp gene. Social play behavior, huddling, social investigation & allogrooming, and ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) of male and female rats homozygous for the Brattleboro mutation (Hom) were compared with their wild-type (WT) and heterozygous (Het) littermates during same-sex, same-genotype social interactions. Male and female Hom juveniles exhibited less social play than their Het and WT littermates throughout the rise, peak, and decline of the developmental profile of play. Hom juveniles also emitted fewer prosocial 50 kHz USVs, and spectrotemporal characteristics (call frequency and call duration) of individual call types differed from those of WT and Het juveniles. However, huddling behavior was increased in Hom juveniles, and social investigation and 22 kHz USVs did not differ across genotypes, demonstrating that not all social interactions were affected in the same manner. Collectively, these data suggest that the Avp gene plays a critical role in juvenile social development. PMID:27066536
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Evidence of short-range electron transfer of a redox enzyme on graphene oxide electrodes.
Martins, Marccus V A; Pereira, Andressa R; Luz, Roberto A S; Iost, Rodrigo M; Crespilho, Frank N
2014-09-07
Direct electron transfer (DET) between redox enzymes and electrode surfaces is of growing interest and an important strategy in the development of biofuel cells and biosensors. Among the nanomaterials utilized at electrode/enzyme interfaces to enhance the electronic communication, graphene oxide (GO) has been identified as a highly promising candidate. It is postulated that GO layers decrease the distance between the flavin cofactor (FAD/FADH2) of the glucose oxidase enzyme (GOx) and the electrode surface, though experimental evidence concerning the distance dependence of the rate constant for heterogeneous electron-transfer (k(het)) has not yet been observed. In this work, we report the experimentally observed DET of the GOx enzyme adsorbed on flexible carbon fiber (FCF) electrodes modified with GO (FCF-GO), where the k(het) between GO and electroactive GOx has been measured at a structurally well-defined interface. The curves obtained from the Marcus theory were used to obtain k(het), by using the model proposed by Chidsey. In agreement with experimental data, this model proved to be useful to systematically probe the dependence of electron transfer rates on distance, in order to provide an empirical basis to understand the origin of interfacial DET between GO and GOx. We also demonstrate that the presence of GO at the enzyme/electrode interface diminishes the activation energy by decreasing the distance between the electrode surface and FAD/FADH2.
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Obituary: James Alfred Van Allen, 1914-2006
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Ludwig, George H.; McIlwain, Carl Edwin
2006-12-01
James Alfred Van Allen, world-renowned space scientist, died 9 August 2006 at the age of ninety-one. He succumbed to heart failure after a ten-week period of declining health. Van Allen served for his entire sixty-seven-year professional career as an amazingly productive researcher, space science spokesman, inspired teacher, and valued colleague. The realization by him and his associates that charged particles are trapped by the Earth's magnetic field began a whole new field of research, magnetospheric physics. Following that initial discovery, he and his associates quickly extended their observations, first to the inner planets, and then to the rest of the planets and beyond. During his tenure at Iowa, he and his group flew instruments on more than sixty successful Earth satellites and planetary spacecraft, including the first missions to the planets Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Van Allen's lifetime publication list numbers more than 275, of which many are widely-cited, seminal papers. He was the sole author of more than 125 of those papers. Beyond the research laboratory, Van Allen worked energetically throughout his career in establishing space research as a new branch of human inquiry. He was among the most sought-after as a committee member and adviser, working at the highest levels of government, including the White House and Congress, and at all levels of the national and international research establishments. Many presentations in the non-scientific arena helped to bring the exciting discoveries and challenges of space research to the attention of the general public. James Van Allen (Van to his many friends and colleagues) was born on 7 September 1914 on a small farm near Mount Pleasant, Iowa, the second of four sons of Alfred Morris Van Allen and Alma Olney Van Allen. After high school in Mount Pleasant, he entered Iowa Wesleyan College, majoring in physics and graduating summa cum laude. While there, he was introduced to geophysics research under the tutelage of physics professor Thomas C. Poulter, who served as chief scientist on the 1933-1935 Second Byrd Antarctic Expedition. He entered the State University of Iowa for his graduate work in physics, receiving his master's degree in solid state physics in 1936 and his Ph.D. degree in nuclear physics in 1939. Van Allen's first post-graduate work was as a Carnegie Research Fellow at the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism (DTM) of the Carnegie Institution, located in Washington, DC. There, he was involved in the department's work on nuclear physics, geomagnetism, cosmic rays, auroral physics, and ionospheric physics. By late 1939, the war in Europe was escalating, and Van Allen shifted to development of the embryonic proximity fuse, continuing that work in the Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) that was established for that purpose in 1942. Van Allen and two colleagues took the first of the then highly secret radio proximity fuses to the South Pacific Fleet for initial field trials and introduction into combat. Following the war, Van Allen organized the High Altitude Research Group at APL and directed it until his departure in1950. Among other things, he participated in the planning and use of captured German V-2 rockets. As that program was closing, he led the development of the Aerobee sounding rocket to meet the need for continuing high altitude research. The Aerobee achieved a remarkable record of achievement, with a total of 1,037 fired as of January 1985. As the 1950s opened, Van Allen and his family moved to Iowa City, where he became Professor and Head of the State University of Iowa Physics Department. He and his new graduate students started a research program by using the university's football practice field to launch cosmic ray instruments with small surplus balloons. That quickly expanded to the use of rockets to carry larger balloons to greater heights. Those "rockoons," a Van Allen invention, were launched from a series of six highly successful field expeditions from 1952 through 1957. As the prospect for launching Earth satellites began to materialize, Van Allen became an enthusiastic participant in planning and executing the U.S. program. After gaining a spot on the short list of initial experiments for the Vanguard satellite program, development of the cosmic ray instrument that he had proposed became a high laboratory priority. That instrument was launched in abbreviated form by an Army Jupiter C vehicle as Explorer I on 31 January 1958, and the full version was launched less than two months later as Explorer III. The two satellites resulted in what Van Allen considered the crowning event of his long and distinguished career — the discovery, with his university associates, of the bands of intense radiation that surround the Earth, now known as the "Van Allen Radiation Belts." Van Allen continued to take a leading role in extending space research beyond Earth's orbit. His group sent instruments to the Moon, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, and throughout interplanetary space. During his outstandingly productive career, Van Allen served as principal investigator on more than twenty-five space science missions. James Van Allen was the consummate teacher and mentor. Years ago, when asked how he would most like to be remembered, he replied simply, "As a teacher." He supervised the preparation of forty-eight master's and thirty-four doctor's theses by sixty different individuals. He gave those graduate students extraordinary freedom and responsibility in the conduct of their projects. He always treated his students, both undergraduate and graduate, with respect, listening to them, learning from them, and guiding them with wisdom and kindness. The folksy, pipe-smoking scientist worked from 1951 until 1964 in a modest office on the second floor of the old Physics and Mathematics building. He maintained his own private laboratory, where he continued to spend many hours with hands-on work at the bench. When the new Physics and Astronomy building was completed in 1964 (rechristened in 1982, appropriately, as Van Allen Hall), he set up his private working room apart from his departmental office in a large, soon-cluttered, corner office on the seventh floor. That room became the center of his activity in 1985, when he retired as Department Head and active teacher. There, through his retirement years and until shortly before his death, he continued his roles as researcher, advisor, and mentor, serving at times as Professor Emeritus, Carver Professor of Physics, and Regent Distinguished Professor. Van Allen maintained membership in over a dozen professional organizations and received over a dozen Honorary ScD degrees. His additional awards and other distinct forms of recognition are far too numerous to list here, but include AAS's Gerard P. Kuiper Prize, the Crafoord Prize of the Royal Swedish Academy of Science, the National Medal of Science presented by U.S. President Reagan, the National Science Foundation's Vannevar Bush Award, NASA's Lifetime Achievement Award, the 2006 Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum Lifetime Achievement Trophy, the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomy Society, AGU's John A. Fleming Award and William Bowie Medal, and the Abelson Prize by the American Association for the Advancement of Science. In addition to those many public acknowledgements of his prodigious contributions, James A. Van Allen will be fondly remembered by his many students, who now populate the entire realm of modern space research. He is survived by his wife, Abigail Fithian Halsey II Van Allen, and his five children, Cynthia Van Allen Schaffner, Dr. Margot Van Allen Cairns, Sarah Van Allen Trimble, Thomas Halsey Van Allen, and Peter C. Van Allen.
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Predicting fire activity in the US over the next 50 years using new IPCC climate projections
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Wang, D.; Morton, D. C.; Collatz, G. J.
2012-12-01
Fire is an integral part of the Earth system with both direct and indirect effects on terrestrial ecosystems, the atmosphere, and human societies (Bowman et al. 2009). Climate conditions regulate fire activities through a variety of ways, e.g., influencing the conditions for ignition and fire spread, changing vegetation growth and decay and thus the accumulation of fuels for combustion (Arora and Boer 2005). Our recent study disclosed the burned area (BA) in US is strongly correlated with potential evaporation (PE), a measurement of climatic dryness derived from National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) climate data (Morton et al. 2012). The correlation varies spatially and temporally. With regard to fire of peak fire seasons, Northwestern US, Great Plains and Alaska have the strongest BA/PE relationship. Using the recently released the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED) Version 3 (van der Werf et al. 2010), we showed increasing BA in the last decade in most of NCA regions. Longer time series of Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (MTBS) (Eidenshink et al. 2007) data showed the increasing trends occurred in all NCA regions from 1984 to 2010. This relationship between BA and PE provides us the basis to predict the future fire activities in the projected climate conditions. In this study, we build spatially explicit predictors using the historic PE/BA relationship. PE from 2011 to 2060 is calculated from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) data and the historic PE/BA relationship is then used to estimate BA. This study examines the spatial pattern and temporal dynamics of the future US fires driven by new climate predictions for the next 50 years. Reference: Arora, V.K., & Boer, G.J. (2005). Fire as an interactive component of dynamic vegetation models. Journal of Geophysical Research-Biogeosciences, 110 Bowman, D.M.J.S., Balch, J.K., Artaxo, P., Bond, W.J., Carlson, J.M., Cochrane, M.A., D'Antonio, C.M., DeFries, R.S., Doyle, J.C., Harrison, S.P., Johnston, F.H., Keeley, J.E., Krawchuk, M.A., Kull, C.A., Marston, J.B., Moritz, M.A., Prentice, I.C., Roos, C.I., Scott, A.C., Swetnam, T.W., van der Werf, G.R., & Pyne, S.J. (2009). Fire in the Earth System. Science, 324, 481-484 Eidenshink, J., Schwind, B., Brewer, K., Zhu, Z.-L., Quayle, B., & Howard, S. (2007). A project for monitoring trends in burn severity. Fire Ecology Special Issue, 3 Morton, D.C., Collatz, G.J., Wang, D., Randerson, J.T., Giglio, L., & Chen, Y. (2012). Satellite-based assessment of climate controls on US burned area. Biogeosciences Discussion, 9, 7853-7892 van der Werf, G.R., Randerson, J.T., Giglio, L., Collatz, G.J., Mu, M., Kasibhatla, P.S., Morton, D.C., DeFries, R.S., Jin, Y., & van Leeuwen, T.T. (2010). Global fire emissions and the contribution of deforestation, savanna, forest, agricultural, and peat fires (1997-2009). Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 10, 11707-11735
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Genomic and expression analysis of the vanG-like gene cluster of Clostridium difficile.
Peltier, Johann; Courtin, Pascal; El Meouche, Imane; Catel-Ferreira, Manuella; Chapot-Chartier, Marie-Pierre; Lemée, Ludovic; Pons, Jean-Louis
2013-07-01
Primary antibiotic treatment of Clostridium difficile intestinal diseases requires metronidazole or vancomycin therapy. A cluster of genes homologous to enterococcal glycopeptides resistance vanG genes was found in the genome of C. difficile 630, although this strain remains sensitive to vancomycin. This vanG-like gene cluster was found to consist of five ORFs: the regulatory region consisting of vanR and vanS and the effector region consisting of vanG, vanXY and vanT. We found that 57 out of 83 C. difficile strains, representative of the main lineages of the species, harbour this vanG-like cluster. The cluster is expressed as an operon and, when present, is found at the same genomic location in all strains. The vanG, vanXY and vanT homologues in C. difficile 630 are co-transcribed and expressed to a low level throughout the growth phases in the absence of vancomycin. Conversely, the expression of these genes is strongly induced in the presence of subinhibitory concentrations of vancomycin, indicating that the vanG-like operon is functional at the transcriptional level in C. difficile. Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC-HPLC) and MS analysis of cytoplasmic peptidoglycan precursors of C. difficile 630 grown without vancomycin revealed the exclusive presence of a UDP-MurNAc-pentapeptide with an alanine at the C terminus. UDP-MurNAc-pentapeptide [d-Ala] was also the only peptidoglycan precursor detected in C. difficile grown in the presence of vancomycin, corroborating the lack of vancomycin resistance. Peptidoglycan structures of a vanG-like mutant strain and of a strain lacking the vanG-like cluster did not differ from the C. difficile 630 strain, indicating that the vanG-like cluster also has no impact on cell-wall composition.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Ferreira, Jose Leonardo; Calvoso, Lui; Gessini, Paolo; Ferreira, Ivan
Since 2004 The Plasma Physics Laboratory of University of Brasilia (Brazil) is developing Hall Plasma Thurusters for Satellite station keeping and orbit control. The project is supported by CNPq, CAPES, FAP DF and from The Brazillian Space Agency-AEB. The project is part of The UNIESPAÇO Program for Space Activities Development in Brazillian Universities. In this work we are going to present the highlights of this project together with its vital contribution to include University of Brasilia in the Brazillian Space Program. Electric propulsion has already shown, over the years, its great advantages in being used as main and secondary thruster system of several space mission types. Between the many thruster concepts, one that has more tradition in flying real spacecraft is the Hall Effect Thruster (HET). These thrusters, first developed by the USSR in the 1960s, uses, in the traditional design, the radial magnetic field and axial electric field to trap electrons, ionize the gas and accelerate the plasma to therefore generate thrust. In contrast to the usual solution of using electromagnets to generate the magnetic field, the research group of the Plasma Physics Laboratory of University of Brasília has been working to develop new models of HETs that uses combined permanent magnets to generate the necessary magnetic field, with the main objective of saving electric power in the final system design. Since the beginning of this research line it was developed and implemented two prototypes of the Permanent Magnet Hall Thruster (PMHT). The first prototype, called P-HALL1, was successfully tested with the using of many diagnostics instruments, including, RF probe, Langmuir probe, Ion collector and Ion energy analyzer. The second prototype, P-HALL2, is currently under testing, and it’s planned the increasing of the plasma diagnostics and technology analysis, with the inclusion of a thrust balance, mass spectroscopy and Doppler broadening. We are also developing an Helicon Double Layer Thruster based on plasma expiation along diverging magnetic field lines within similar conditons that can be met in auroral plasma formation. HDLT is sometimes called an Auroral thruster because during the plasma expiation in the cusped magnetic field a current free double layer is formed accelerating ions and a supersonic ion beam. The development fo this type of thruster are been made in several laboratories around the world and tis application for high specific impulce space mission in the solar system is foreseen. Since the beginning of this project we have about 20 undergraduate students working at the laboratory as junior scientist with CNPq schollarships for Scientific Initiation Program called PIBIC. More than 10 graduate students were involved in master and doctoral thesis work related to space science and technology problems concerning the application of plasma space propulsion for satellite and spacecrafts for solar system missions.
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Establishment of design space for high current gain in III-N hot electron transistors
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Gupta, Geetak; Ahmadi, Elaheh; Suntrup, Donald J., III; Mishra, Umesh K.
2018-01-01
This paper establishes the design space of III-N hot electron transistors (HETs) for high current gain by designing and fabricating HETs with scaled base thickness. The device structure consists of GaN-based emitter, base and collector regions where emitter and collector barriers are implemented using AlN and InGaN layers, respectively, as polarization-dipoles. Electrons tunnel through the AlN layer to be injected into the base at a high energy where they travel in a quasi-ballistic manner before being collected. Current gain increases from 1 to 3.5 when base thickness is reduced from 7 to 4 nm. The extracted mean free path (λ mfp) is 5.8 nm at estimated injection energy of 1.5 eV.
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Prions are affected by evolution at two levels.
Wickner, Reed B; Kelly, Amy C
2016-03-01
Prions, infectious proteins, can transmit diseases or be the basis of heritable traits (or both), mostly based on amyloid forms of the prion protein. A single protein sequence can be the basis for many prion strains/variants, with different biological properties based on different amyloid conformations, each rather stably propagating. Prions are unique in that evolution and selection work at both the level of the chromosomal gene encoding the protein, and on the prion itself selecting prion variants. Here, we summarize what is known about the evolution of prion proteins, both the genes and the prions themselves. We contrast the one known functional prion, [Het-s] of Podospora anserina, with the known disease prions, the yeast prions [PSI+] and [URE3] and the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies of mammals.
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Mathematics and Physics Studies - Multi-Project Support
1989-09-02
measurements). A quaternion form is used to represent any finite rotation of a rigid body as a rotation through some angle about a fixed axis (Euler’s...many - contractual issues. Drs. Edmond Murad (GL/PHK) and Roger Van Tassel (GL/OPB) provided important suggestions and feedback on the data processing...Orbital Maneuvering System (OMS) and the Reaction Control System (RCS) resemble plumes produced by targets/events of interest. Measurements from the IBSS
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Results of SEI Independent Research and Development Projects
2011-02-01
ft’s Bit- poten- hout a ut de- r for CMU/SEI-2011-TR-002 | 8 more systems to install them. The implication to the Department of Defense and...Computing, June 2011. 2.7.1 Bibliography Challener, David; Yoder, K.; Catherman, R .; Saford, D.; & Van Doom, L. A Practical Guide to Trusted...number of publications and presentations: Brown, N.; Nord, R .; & Ozkaya, I. “Enabling Agility Through Architecture.” CrossTalk 23, 6 (November
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Image Understanding Architecture Prototype Evaluation and Development
1993-06-01
combination of the two. There are examples where a hybrid of these approaches have been used (for example, Cedar [ Gajski 83; 86], NETRA [Sharma 85], and PM4...interconnection network can be found in Cedar [ Gajski 83; Gajski 86], Aquarius [Srini 851, the Las Alamos project [Trujillo 82], and the Burroughs Scientific...Foster 76 1 C. C. Foster, Content Addressable Parallel Processors, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, 1976. [ Gajski 83 ] Daniel Gajski et al
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The first report of the vanC₁ gene in Enterococcus faecium isolated from a human clinical specimen.
Sun, Mingyue; Wang, Yue; Chen, Zhongju; Zhu, Xuhui; Tian, Lei; Sun, Ziyong
2014-09-01
The vanC₁ gene, which is chromosomally located, confers resistance to vancomycin and serves as a species marker for Enterococcus gallinarum. Enterococcus faecium TJ4031 was isolated from a blood culture and harbours the vanC₁gene. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were performed to detect vanXYc and vanTc genes. Only the vanXYc gene was found in the E. faecium TJ4031 isolate. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of vancomycin and teicoplanin were 2 µg/mL and 1 µg/mL, respectively. Real-time reverse transcription-PCR results revealed that the vanC₁ and vanXYc genes were not expressed. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and southern hybridisation results showed that the vanC₁ gene was encoded in the chromosome. E. faecalis isolated from animals has been reported to harbour vanC₁gene. However, this study is the first to report the presence of the vanC₁gene in E. faecium of human origin. Additionally, our research showed the vanC₁gene cannot serve as a species-specific gene of E. gallinarum and that it is able to be transferred between bacteria. Although the resistance marker is not expressed in the strain, our results showed that E. faecium could acquire the vanC₁gene from different species.
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Boyd, David A.; Willey, Barbara M.; Fawcett, Darlene; Gillani, Nazira; Mulvey, Michael R.
2008-01-01
Enterococcus faecalis N06-0364, exhibiting a vancomycin MIC of 8 μg/ml, was found to harbor a novel d-Ala-d-Ser gene cluster, designated vanL. The vanL gene cluster was similar in organization to the vanC operon, but the VanT serine racemase was encoded by two separate genes, vanTmL (membrane binding) and vanTrL (racemase). PMID:18458129
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Climate projections of the ALARO-0 model on the EURO-CORDEX domain
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Van Schaeybroeck, Bert; Berckmans, Julie; Caluwaerts, Steven; De Troch, Rozemien; De Cruz, Lesley; Duchêne, François; Giot, Olivier; Hamdi, Rafiq; Termonia, Piet
2016-04-01
Results of the future scenario runs are presented within the EURO-CORDEX framework using the regional climate model ALARO-0. This model has been primarily developed for operational numerical weather predictions and is therefore not tuned specifically for climate purposes. It features a new microphysics scheme called 3MT, which allows for a more sophisticated representation of convective precipitation. In Giot et al. (2015) validation results were presented for the 12.5-km and 50-km resolution runs forced by ERA-Interim reanalysis. It was shown that ALARO-0 is well capable of representing the European climate. More specifically, most of the ALARO-0 scores were within the existing EURO-CORDEX ensemble. For precipitation, due to the 3MT scheme, the ALARO-0 model produces some of the best scores within the ensemble. The comparison of the historical run with the climate scenarios runs (RCP8.5, RCP4.5) allows the determination of the ALARO-0 climate changes. These runs are all coupled to the GCM of Météo-France, namely CNRM-CM5. The climate-change signals are investigated with a focus on heavy precipitation and heat wave changes and the signals are put against the ones of the other EURO-CORDEX models (Jacob et al., 2013). Giot, O., Termonia, P., Degrauwe, D., De Troch, R., Caluwaerts, S., Smet, G., Berckmans, J., Deckmyn, A., De Cruz, L., De Meutter, P., Duerinckx, A., Gerard, L., Hamdi, R., Van den Bergh, J., Van Ginderachter, M., and Van Schaeybroeck, B.: Validation of the ALARO-0 model within the EURO-CORDEX framework, Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., 8, 8387-8409, 2015. Jacob, D., Petersen, J., Eggert, B., Alias, A., Christensen, O. B., Bouwer, L. M., Braun, A., Colette, A., Déqué, M., Georgievski, G., et al., 2014. EURO-CORDEX: new high-resolution climate change projections for european impact research. Regional Environmental Change 14 (2), 563-578.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Mokorosi, Palesa Selloane; van der Zaag, Pieter
The concept of sharing benefits derived from beneficial uses of water is increasingly embraced in numerous international discourses in place of sharing water in volumes among nations riparian to common water bodies. Many benefit-sharing efforts involve building of dams and inter-basin transfer schemes. These infrastructures have been blamed to be posing environmental and social costs and directly affecting local people ( Gupta and van der Zaag, 2007) [Gupta, J., van der Zaag, P., 2007. Inter-basin water transfers and integrated water resources management: Where engineering, science and politics interlock. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth doi:10.1016/j.pce.2007.04.003]. This paper attempts to find attributes that lead towards recognising the rights of affected people and the mechanisms that may ensure access of direct benefits to them. Four theoretical factors are identified as key in recognising the rights of the affected people and were adopted as the analytical framework: a. Appropriate legal and policy framework, b. Public participation, c. Sustainable compensation measures, and d. Equitable access of derived benefits. In order to complement these theoretical factors, the study compared two large water development projects in the Orange-Senqu river basin: the Orange River Development Project and the Lesotho Highlands Water Project. In both projects, several large dams were constructed and water was transferred from one river into another. The following are the findings of the paper: a) the political environment through the legal and institutional framework plays a major role in protecting or marginalising the affected people; b) compensation measures for lost properties left many affected people destitute and food insecure; c) affected people mainly benefited from the indirect benefits of the projects instead of direct benefits. In order to ensure access to direct benefits for the affected people it is recommended that a) the national legislation must support the concept, b) mechanisms for allocating benefits to the affected people must be defined at project planning stage and should aim at long-term development goals, and c) local authorities must have sufficient capacity to ensure smooth operation.
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-04-01
... for inspection by Customs officials upon reasonable notice. (3) If the container does not exit the U.S... 19 Customs Duties 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Lift vans, cargo vans, shipping tanks, skids... Traffic § 10.41a Lift vans, cargo vans, shipping tanks, skids, pallets, and similar instruments of...
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-04-01
... for inspection by Customs officials upon reasonable notice. (3) If the container does not exit the U.S... 19 Customs Duties 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Lift vans, cargo vans, shipping tanks, skids... Traffic § 10.41a Lift vans, cargo vans, shipping tanks, skids, pallets, and similar instruments of...
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-04-01
... for inspection by Customs officials upon reasonable notice. (3) If the container does not exit the U.S... 19 Customs Duties 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Lift vans, cargo vans, shipping tanks, skids... Traffic § 10.41a Lift vans, cargo vans, shipping tanks, skids, pallets, and similar instruments of...
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1992-09-01
omzettings rendementen van circa 75% gehaad bij een ingangs- energie van 280 mJ. De mogelijkheden tot bet halen van een hoger rendement lijken...of rep-rate, beam quality and astigmatism DImi-Thu-B~mO ITA1EiM-tT-h lF I~~ ~~’ IAPR2 8 1993~ I ~Xtbai Uiitdw FJ.M. van Putten J.C. van den Heuvel RJ.L...Influence of rep-rate. beam quality and astigmatism author(s) : F.J.M. van Putten, I.C. van den Heuvel, R.J.L. Lerou institute : TNO Physics and
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Watanabe, Noriko; Kaneko, Akira; Yamar, Sam; Taleo, George; Tanihata, Takeo; Lum, J Koji; Larson, Peter S; Shearer, Nelma B C
2015-07-31
Community engagement has contributed to disease control and elimination in many countries. Community engagement in malaria elimination (ME) on Aneityum Island has been sustained since its introduction in the early 1990s. Capacity developed within this population has led to a health empowered community response. Health Empowerment Theory (HET) can account for the innovative community actions and capacity development efforts taken to realize and sustain meaningful changes in well-being. This study used the HET framework to investigate participant perceptions of ME efforts on the island focusing on two HET elements, personal and social-contextual resources. The purpose of this study was to explore the role of empowerment as a critical element of community engagement. Six focus group discussions, ten key informant interviews and 17 in-depth interviews were conducted in July 2012 on Aneityum. Both deductive and inductive approaches to qualitative content analysis were used to identify themes, which were condensed, coded and classified based on the HET elements above. Awareness and use of personal and social-contextual resources played an important role in ME efforts. Most participants shared their knowledge to prevent malaria reintroduction. Many participants reported their skills needed for behavioral maintenance, problem-solving or leadership. Participants who perceived a threat took preventive actions even in the dry season. Community leaders focused on second generation capacity development. A local health coalition provided ME services. Members of networks were sources of information and assistance. Face-to-face was the preferred method of communication. Barriers to engagement (e.g., financial difficulties, health literacy issues and underdeveloped infrastructure) were minimized through active collaboration and mutual assistance. In the community engagement continuum, health empowerment develops incrementally overtime as people gain their knowledge and skills, form coalitions and develop collaborative networks (social capital) to make decisions and take action for change. Community engagement, which facilitates local personal and social-contextual resource development, has potential for ME and multilevel empowerment through community-based capacity development processes. These self-empowered communities have written and will continue to write a 'prescription' for sustaining high levels of engagement.
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Briet, Jan Paul; Houwert, Roderick Marijn; Smeeing, Diederik P J; Dijkgraaf, Marcel G W; Verleisdonk, Egbert Jan; Leenen, Luke P H; Hietbrink, Falco
Although fracture type and treatment options for ankle fractures are well defined, the differences between mono- and polytrauma patients and low- and high-energy trauma have not been addressed. The aim of the present study was to compare the fracture type and trauma mechanism between mono- and polytrauma and low- and high-energy trauma patients with an ankle fracture. We performed a single-center retrospective cohort study. Fractures were classified according to the Lauge-Hansen classification and a descriptive classification. High-energy trauma (HET) was defined using triage criteria. All other patients were classified as having experienced low-energy trauma (LET). The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the injury severity score (ISS). Monotrauma patients were defined as patients with an ISS of 4 to 11 with an isolated ankle fracture or an ankle fracture with a minor contusion or laceration. Polytrauma patients were defined as patients with an ISS of ≥16 with ≥2 body regions involved. Patients with an ISS from 12 to 15 were excluded. A total of 96 patients were eligible for analysis. Of the 96 patients, 62 had experienced monotrauma and 34 had experienced polytrauma. A significant difference was found between the mono- and polytrauma patients in the Lauge-Hansen classification (p < .001). Monotrauma patients had a high incidence of an isolated supination external rotation injury. Supination adduction and pronation abduction injuries were more often observed in polytrauma patients. The same pattern was observed for ankle fractures after HET compared with LET (p < .001), because all pronation abduction and supination adduction injuries were observed after a HET mechanism. The results of the present study indicate that polytrauma patients sustain different types of ankle fractures than patients with an isolated ankle fracture. This difference likely results from the high-energy transfer associated with polytrauma, because pronation abduction and supination adduction injuries were only observed after HET. Copyright © 2017 American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Photoinduced electron transfer at the tetrapyrrole-TiO2 interface: Effect of the energy alignment
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Nieto-Pescador, Jesus S.
Photoinduced electron transfer is a ubiquitous process behind several physical, chemical, and biological processes. Its potential applications, ranging from solar cell technologies to photodynamic cancer therapy, require a thorough understanding of the basics of the reaction. This dissertation addresses open questions for a particular case of electron transfer processes: Heterogeneous Electron Transfer (HET). In this process, an electron is transferred between a localized donor and a multitude of delocalized acceptor states. HET between photoexcited tetrapyrroles and colloidal TiO2 has been investigated using femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. Specifically, this work explores the not well-understood influence of the availability of states on the HET reaction. This problem is addressed by measuring electron injection times as a function of the energy difference between the LUMO and the conduction band of TiO2. The change in the energy alignment was done using two experimental strategies. The first one employs a recently synthesized phlorin with two different excited states above the conduction band of TiO2. This molecule allows comparing HET rates from two different excited states. The second strategy measures the electron injection rates after exciting the same electronic state of a set of specially designed porphyrins. The novelty of the approach is that the difference in energy alignment is attained by the introduction of dipole groups within the bridge group of the molecule. This strategy generates a difference in energy alignment of up to 200 meV. The reported measurements were carried in a high vacuum environment with an apparatus capable of resolving sub 30 fs processes. Disentanglement of the electron transfer processes was done, after careful study of the relaxation dynamics of the molecules in solution, by monitoring the decay of the excited state absorption and the rise of the cation spectral signatures. Within our time resolution, our results show that the increase in the availability of acceptor states does not influence the electron injection dynamics. The results suggest that the injection process takes place into a spectrum of states different from those obtained by steady state calculations.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Hayes, Richard; Beets, Tim; Beno, Joseph; Booth, John; Cornell, Mark; Good, John; Heisler, James; Hill, Gary; Kriel, Herman; Penney, Charles; Rafal, Marc; Savage, Richard; Soukup, Ian; Worthington, Michael; Zierer, Joseph
2012-09-01
In support of the Hobby-Eberly Telescope Dark Energy Experiment (HETDEX), the Center for Electromechanics at The University of Texas at Austin was tasked with developing the new Tracker and control system to support the HETDEX Wide-Field Upgrade. The tracker carries the 3,100 kg Prime Focus Instrument Package and Wide Field Corrector approximately 13 m above the 10 m diameter primary mirror. Its safe and reliable operation by a sophisticated control system, over a 20 year life time is a paramount requirement for the project. To account for all potential failures and potential hazards, to both the equipment and personnel involved, an extensive Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) was completed early in the project. This task required participation of all the stakeholders over a multi-day meeting with numerous follow up exchanges. The event drove a number of significant design decisions and requirements that might not have been identified this early in the project without this process. The result is a system that has multiple layers of active and passive safety systems to protect the tens of millions of dollars of hardware involved and the people who operate it. This paper will describe the background of the FMEA process, how it was utilized on HETDEX, the critical outcomes, how the required safety systems were implemented, and how they have worked in operation. It should be of interest to engineers, designers, and managers engaging in complex multi-disciplinary and parallel engineering projects that involve automated hardware and control systems with potentially hazardous operating scenarios.
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Phillips-Jones, Mary K.; Channell, Guy; Kelsall, Claire J.; Hughes, Charlotte S.; Ashcroft, Alison E.; Patching, Simon G.; Dinu, Vlad; Gillis, Richard B.; Adams, Gary G.; Harding, Stephen E.
2017-01-01
VanA-type resistance to glycopeptide antibiotics in clinical enterococci is regulated by the VanSARA two-component signal transduction system. The nature of the molecular ligand that is recognised by the VanSA sensory component has not hitherto been identified. Here we employ purified, intact and active VanSA membrane protein (henceforth referred to as VanS) in analytical ultracentrifugation experiments to study VanS oligomeric state and conformation in the absence and presence of vancomycin. A combination of sedimentation velocity and sedimentation equilibrium in the analytical ultracentrifuge (SEDFIT, SEDFIT-MSTAR and MULTISIG analysis) showed that VanS in the absence of the ligand is almost entirely monomeric (molar mass M = 45.7 kDa) in dilute aqueous solution with a trace amount of high molar mass material (M ~ 200 kDa). The sedimentation coefficient s suggests the monomer adopts an extended conformation in aqueous solution with an equivalent aspect ratio of ~(12 ± 2). In the presence of vancomycin over a 33% increase in the sedimentation coefficient is observed with the appearance of additional higher s components, demonstrating an interaction, an observation consistent with our circular dichroism measurements. The two possible causes of this increase in s – either a ligand induced dimerization and/or compaction of the monomer are considered. PMID:28397853
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2005-04-01
5084. 6. Colpaert CG, Vermeulen PB, Benoy I, Soubry A, van Roy F, van Beest P, Goovaerts G, Dirix LY, van Dam P, Fox SB, Harris AL, van MarckEA...cancer. Cancer Res 1999, 59: 5079-5084. 17 14. Colpaert CG, Vermeulen PB, Benoy I, Soubry A, van Roy F, van Beest P, Goovaerts G, Dirix LY, van Dam P...Ohira S, Feng Y, Nikaido T, Konishi I: Up- regulation of small GTPases, RhoA and RhoC, is associated with tumor progression in ovarian carcinoma. Lab
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2007-04-01
inzetbaarheid van teams: ontwikkeling van een model van teamfunctioneren als module voor SCOPE Datumn april 2007 Auteur (s) R. de B~ruin C’. Vervvijs A.J...Datum april 2007 Programmaleider Projectleider Auteur (s) dr. W.A. Lotens, TNO Defensie en A.]. van Vijet, TNO Defensie en R. de Bruin Veiligheid...Deelnemers verwachten wel, in lijn met de theorie , dat een lage cohesie samenhangt met een lage effectiviteit. Een hoge cohesie, daarentegen, zou
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User Manual PIRATE Model, Release Beta 1.0. (Handleiding PIRATE model, versie Beta 1.0)
1998-01-01
Beperkingen van PIRATE 40 9 . Conclusies en aanbevelingen 41 10. Referenties 42 11 . Ondertekening 43 TNO-rapport FEL-97-A285 Inleiding Bij maritieme...Inhoud Inleiding 7 1.1 Doel van PIRATE 7 1.2 Werking van PIRATE 8 1.3 Opbouw van de handleiding 8 2. Bediening van PIRATE 9 2.1 Systeemvereisten 10...2.2 Installatie 10 2.3 Bediening van de gebruikersinterface 11 2.4 Gebruiken van de figuren in andere programmes 15 3. Radars, radars in PIRATE
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Development Of Autonomous Systems
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Kanade, Takeo
1989-03-01
In the last several years at the Robotics Institute of Carnegie Mellon University, we have been working on two projects for developing autonomous systems: Nablab for Autonomous Land Vehicle and Ambler for Mars Rover. These two systems are for different purposes: the Navlab is a four-wheeled vehicle (van) for road and open terrain navigation, and the Ambler is a six-legged locomotor for Mars exploration. The two projects, however, share many common aspects. Both are large-scale integrated systems for navigation. In addition to the development of individual components (eg., construction and control of the vehicle, vision and perception, and planning), integration of those component technologies into a system by means of an appropriate architecture is a major issue.
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Somily, Ali M; Al-Mohizea, Maha M; Absar, Muhammed M; Fatani, Amal J; Ridha, Afaaf M; Al-Ahdal, Mohammed N; Senok, Abiola C; Al-Qahtani, Ahmed A
2016-08-01
Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are a major cause of nosocomial infections with high mortality and morbidity. There is limited data on the molecular characterization of VRE in Saudi Arabia. This study was carried out to investigate the premise that a shift in VRE epidemiology is occurring in our setting. Enterococcus species identification and susceptibility testing plus VRE phenotypic confirmation by vancomycin and teicoplanin E-test were carried out. Vancomycin resistance genes were detected by PCR. Strain typing was conducted using PFGE. Among the strains of Enterococcus spp. investigated in this study, 17 (4.5%) were VRE. With the exception of one isolate from rectal swab, all others were clinical specimens with blood being the commonest source (n = 11; 64.7%), followed by urine (n = 3; 17.6%). The 17 VRE isolates were Enterococcus faecium (n/N = 13/17) and Enterococcus gallinarum (n/N = 4/17). Among E. faecium isolates, vanA(+)/vanB(+) (n/N = 8/13; 62%) exhibiting VanB phenotype were predominant. One of the five vanA(+)E. faecium isolates exhibited a VanB phenotype indicative of vanA genotype-VanB phenotype incongruence. E. gallinarum isolates exhibited a Van C phenotype although two were vanA(+)/vanC1(+). PFGE revealed a polyclonal distribution with eight pulsotypes. These findings indicate an evolving VRE epidemiology with vanA(+)/vanB(+) isolates and vanA genotype-VanB phenotype incongruence isolates, which were previously described as colonizers, are now causing clinical infection. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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The science of optics: recent revelations about the history of art
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Hockney, David; Falco, Charles M.
2012-10-01
We have discovered a variety of types of optical evidence that demonstrate artists as early as Jan van Eyck and Robert Campin (c1425) used optical projections as aids for producing certain elements in their paintings. We also found optical evidence within works by well-known later artists, including Bermejo (c1475), Lotto (c1525), Caravaggio (c1600), de la Tour (c1650), Chardin (c1750) and Ingres (c1825), showing that the use of optical projections by artists continued up to the development of photography and beyond. However, it is important to emphasize this does not mean that paintings are effectively photographs. The mind as well as the hand of the artist is intimately involved in the creation process, so these complex images are much more than simply traced images that have been projected.
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RpoS induces expression of the Vibrio anguillarum quorum-sensing regulator VanT.
Weber, Barbara; Croxatto, Antony; Chen, Chang; Milton, Debra L
2008-03-01
In vibrios, regulation of the Vibrio harveyi-like LuxR transcriptional activators occurs post-transcriptionally via small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) that destabilize the luxR mRNA at a low cell population, eliminating expression of LuxR. Expression of the sRNAs is modulated by the vibrio quorum-sensing phosphorelay systems. However, vanT mRNA, which encodes a LuxR homologue in Vibrio anguillarum, is abundant at low and high cell density, indicating that VanT expression may be regulated via additional mechanisms. In this study, Western analyses showed that VanT was expressed throughout growth with a peak of expression during late exponential growth. VanO induced partial destabilization of vanT mRNA via activation of at least one Qrr sRNA. Interestingly, the sigma factor RpoS significantly stabilized vanT mRNA and induced VanT expression during late exponential growth. This induction was in part due to RpoS repressing expression of Hfq, an RNA chaperone. RpoS is not part of the quorum-sensing regulatory cascade since RpoS did not regulate expression or activity of VanO, and RpoS was not regulated by VanO or VanT. VanT and RpoS were needed for survival following UV irradiation and for pigment and metalloprotease production, suggesting that RpoS works with the quorum-sensing systems to modulate expression of VanT, which regulates survival and stress responses.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Kabir, Humayun; Gyan, Isaiah O.; Francis Cheng, I.
2017-02-01
The vanadium redox flow battery is a promising technology for buffering renewable energies. It is recognized that negative electrode is the limitation in this device where there are problems of slow heterogeneous electron transfer (HET) of V3+/2+ and parasitic H2 evolution. Any methods aimed at addressing one of these barriers must assess the effects on the other. We examine electrochemical enhancement of a common commercially available material. Treatment of Panasonic pyrolytic graphite sheets is through oxidation at 2.1 V vs. Ag/AgCl for 1 min in 1 M H2SO4. This increases the standard HET rate for V3+/2+ from 3.2 × 10-7 to 1 × 10-3 cm/s, one of the highest in literature and shifts voltammetric reductive peak potential from -1.0 V to -0.65 V in 50 mM V3+ in 1 M H2SO4. Infrared analysis of the surfaces indicates formation of Csbnd OH, Cdbnd O, and Csbnd O functionalities. These groups catalyze HET with V3+/2+ as hypothesized by Skyllas-Kasacos. Also of significance is that electrode modification decreases the fraction of the current directed towards H2 evolution. This proportion decreases by two orders of a magnitude from 12% to 0.1% as measured at the respective voltammetric peak potentials of -1.0 V (pristine) and -0.65 V (modified).
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An investigation of interference coordination in heterogeneous network for LTE-Advanced systems
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Hasan, M. K.; Ismail, A. F.; H, Aisha-Hassan A.; Abdullah, Khaizuran; Ramli, H. A. M.
2013-12-01
The novel "femtocell" in Heterogeneous Network (HetNet) for LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) set-up will allow Malaysian wireless telecommunication operators (Maxis, Celcom, Digi, U-Mobile, P1, YTL and etc2.) to extend connectivity coverage where access would otherwise be limited or unavailable, particularly indoors of large building complexes. A femtocell is a small-sized cellular base station that encompasses all the functionality of a typical station. It therefore allows a simpler and self-contained deployment including private residences. For the Malaysian service providers, the main attractions of femtocell usage are the improvements to both coverage and capacity. The operators can provide a better service to end-users in turn reduce much of the agitations and complaints. There will be opportunity for new services at reduced cost. In addition, the operator not only benefits from the improved capacity and coverage but also can reduce both capital expenditure and operating expense i.e. alternative to brand new base station or macrocell installation. Interference is a key issue associated with femtocell development. There are a large number of issues associated with interference all of which need to be investigated, identified, quantified and solved. This is to ensure that the deployment of any femtocells will take place successfully. Among the most critical challenges in femtocell deployment is the interference between femtocell-to-macrocell and femtocell-to-femtocell in HetNets. In this paper, all proposed methods and algorithms will be investigated in the OFDMA femtocell system considering HetNet scenarios for LTE-A.
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Boedeker, J C; Doolittle, M H; White, A L
2001-11-01
Combined lipase deficiency (cld) is a recessively inherited disorder in mice associated with a deficiency of LPL and hepatic lipase (HL) activity. LPL is synthesized in cld tissues but is retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), whereas mouse HL (mHL) is secreted but inactive. In this study we investigated the effect of cld on the secretion of human HL (hHL) protein mass and activity. Differentiated liver cell lines were derived from cld mice and their normal heterozygous (het) littermates by transformation of hepatocytes with SV40 large T antigen. After transient transfection with lipase expression constructs, secretion of hLPL activity from cld cells was only 12% of that from het cells. In contrast, the rate of secretion of hHL activity and protein mass per unit of expressed hHL mRNA was identical for the two cell lines. An intermediate effect was observed for mHL, with a 46% reduction in secretion of activity from cld cells. The ER glucosidase inhibitor, castanospermine, decreased secretion of both hLPL and hHL from het cells by approximately 70%, but by only approximately 45% from cld cells. This is consistent with data suggesting that cld may result from a reduced concentration of the ER chaperone calnexin. In conclusion, our results demonstrate a differential effect of cld on hLPL, mHL, and hHL secretion, suggesting differential requirements for activation and exit of the enzymes from the ER.
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Heterogeneous MYCN amplification in neuroblastoma: a SIOP Europe Neuroblastoma Study.
Berbegall, Ana P; Bogen, Dominik; Pötschger, Ulrike; Beiske, Klaus; Bown, Nick; Combaret, Valérie; Defferrari, Raffaella; Jeison, Marta; Mazzocco, Katia; Varesio, Luigi; Vicha, Ales; Ash, Shifra; Castel, Victoria; Coze, Carole; Ladenstein, Ruth; Owens, Cormac; Papadakis, Vassilios; Ruud, Ellen; Amann, Gabriele; Sementa, Angela R; Navarro, Samuel; Ambros, Peter F; Noguera, Rosa; Ambros, Inge M
2018-05-14
In neuroblastoma (NB), the most powerful prognostic marker, the MYCN amplification (MNA), occasionally shows intratumoural heterogeneity (ITH), i.e. coexistence of MYCN-amplified and non-MYCN-amplified tumour cell clones, called heterogeneous MNA (hetMNA). Prognostication and therapy allocation are still unsolved issues. The SIOPEN Biology group analysed 99 hetMNA NBs focussing on the prognostic significance of MYCN ITH. Patients <18 months (18 m) showed a better outcome in all stages as compared to older patients (5-year OS in localised stages: <18 m: 0.95 ± 0.04, >18 m: 0.67 ± 0.14, p = 0.011; metastatic: <18 m: 0.76 ± 0.15, >18 m: 0.28 ± 0.09, p = 0.084). The genomic 'background', but not MNA clone sizes, correlated significantly with relapse frequency and OS. No relapses occurred in cases of only numerical chromosomal aberrations. Infiltrated bone marrows and relapse tumour cells mostly displayed no MNA. However, one stage 4s tumour with segmental chromosomal aberrations showed a homogeneous MNA in the relapse. This study provides a rationale for the necessary distinction between heterogeneous and homogeneous MNA. HetMNA tumours have to be evaluated individually, taking age, stage and, most importantly, genomic background into account to avoid unnecessary upgrading of risk/overtreatment, especially in infants, as well as in order to identify tumours prone to developing homogeneous MNA.
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The Transcriptional Response to Nonself in the Fungus Podospora anserina
Bidard, Frédérique; Clavé, Corinne; Saupe, Sven J.
2013-01-01
In fungi, heterokaryon incompatibility is a nonself recognition process occurring when filaments of different isolates of the same species fuse. Compatibility is controlled by so-called het loci and fusion of strains of unlike het genotype triggers a complex incompatibility reaction that leads to the death of the fusion cell. Herein, we analyze the transcriptional changes during the incompatibility reaction in Podospora anserina. The incompatibility response was found to be associated with a massive transcriptional reprogramming: 2231 genes were up-regulated by a factor 2 or more during incompatibility. In turn, 2441 genes were down-regulated. HET, NACHT, and HeLo domains previously found to be involved in the control of heterokaryon incompatibility were enriched in the up-regulated gene set. In addition, incompatibility was characterized by an up-regulation of proteolytic and other hydrolytic activities, of secondary metabolism clusters and toxins and effector-like proteins. The up-regulated set was found to be enriched for proteins lacking orthologs in other species and chromosomal distribution of the up-regulated genes was uneven with up-regulated genes residing preferentially in genomic islands and on chromosomes IV and V. There was a significant overlap between regulated genes during incompatibility in P. anserina and Neurospora crassa, indicating similarities in the incompatibility responses in these two species. Globally, this study illustrates that the expression changes occurring during cell fusion incompatibility in P. anserina are in several aspects reminiscent of those described in host-pathogen or symbiotic interactions in other fungal species. PMID:23589521
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Schaefer, Alisa; Poluch, Sylvie; Juliano, Sharon
2008-04-01
Numerous functions related to neuronal migration are linked to the glycoprotein reelin. Reelin also elongates radial glia, which are disrupted in mutant reeler mice. Our lab developed a model of cortical dysplasia in ferrets that shares features with the reeler mouse, including impaired migration of neurons into the cerebral cortex and disrupted radial glia. Explants of normal ferret cortex in coculture with dysplastic ferret cortex restore the deficits in this model. To determine if reelin is integral to the repair, we used explants of P0 mouse cortex either of the wild type (WT) or heterozygous (het) for the reelin gene, as well as P0 reeler cortex (not containing reelin), in coculture with organotypic cultures of dysplastic ferret cortex. This arrangement revealed that all types of mouse cortical explants (WT, het, reeler) elongated radial glia in ferret cortical dysplasia, indicating that reelin is not required for proper radial glial morphology. Migration of cells into ferret neocortex, however, did not improve with explants of reeler cortex, but was almost normal after pairing with WT or het explants. We also placed an exogenous source of reelin in ferret cultures at the pial surface to reveal that migrating cells move toward the reelin source in dysplastic cortex; radial glia in these cultures were also improved toward normal. Our results demonstrate that the normotopic position of reelin is important for proper neuronal positioning, and that reelin is capable of elongating radial glial cells but is not the only radialization factor.
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A 3.5 to 12 Micron Dualband Spectrometer for Generic UAVs
2005-05-01
AUTHOR( S ) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME( S ) AND ADDRESS(ES) Air Force Research Laboratory...AGENCY NAME( S ) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S ACRONYM( S ) 11. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S REPORT NUMBER( S ) 12. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT...implementation. REFERENCES [1] T. D. Maestas & P.D. LeVan (2002). Novel, Three-Octave, Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging with a Single Multi-waveband FPA
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Web-Based 3D Technology for Scenario Authoring and Visualization: The Savage Project
2001-01-01
T. M., & Sadhu, P. (2001). XML How to Program . Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Foley, J. D., van Dam, A., Feiner, S. K., & Hughes...Following graduation from NPS in September 2001, Major Nicklaus will be assigned to the Marine Air-Ground Task Force (MAGTF) Staff Training Program ...goal is to accelerate the worldwide demand for products based on these standards through the sponsorship of market and user education programs . The
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2010-06-25
Deputy, 711 HPW/XP), Roscoe "Yogi" VanCamp,UCa!. USAF, and Mark Marley, M.A., (project manager ) who were critical to the logistical operations of...national security, and international relations. Understanding basic principles of aviation, crew resource management , communicat ion protocols, geo...ain::raft flight controls, instruments, weight, balance), as well as topics in aircrew coordination (e.g., crew resource management and situational
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1992-07-24
A Delta II rocket carrying the Geomagnetic Tail Lab (GEOTAIL) spacecraft lifts off at Launch Complex 17, Kennedy Space Center (KSC) into a cloud-dappled sky. This liftoff marks the first Delta launch under the medium expendable launch vehicle services contract between NASA and McDonnell Douglas Space Systems Co. The GEOTAIL mission, a joint US/Japanese project, is the first in a series of five satellites to study the interactions between the Sun, the Earth's magnetic field, and the Van Allen radiation belts.
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Ion Source Development for a Compact Proton Beam Writing System II
2012-02-17
5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR( S ) Jeroen van Kan 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME( S ...N/A 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME( S ) AND ADDRESS(ES) AOARD, UNIT 45002, APO, AP, 96338-5002 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S ACRONYM( S ) AOARD 11...SPONSOR/MONITOR’S REPORT NUMBER( S ) AOARD-114099 12. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT Approved for public release; distribution unlimited 13
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Scientia sexualis versus ars erotica: Foucault, van Gulik, Needham.
Rocha, Leon Antonio
2011-09-01
This paper begins with a discussion of the scientia sexualis/ars erotica distinction, which Foucault first advances in History of Sexuality Vol. 1, and which has been employed by many scholars to do a variety of analytical work. Though Foucault has expressed his doubts regarding his conceptualization of the differences between Western and Eastern discourses of desire, he never entirely disowns the distinction. In fact, Foucault remains convinced that China must have an ars erotica. I will explore Foucault's sources of authority. To this end, I introduce the work of famous Dutch sinologist Robert Hans van Gulik, who published the tremendously influential Sexual Life in Ancient China in 1961, and also explore Joseph Needham's view on Chinese sex. I argue that, Foucault, in his fierce polemic against the "Repressive Hypothesis", himself imagined a utopian Other where pleasure and desire were organised differently. I end on a discuss on Orientalism and the project of "Sinography" of comparative literature scholars Haun Saussy, Eric Hayot and others. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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De Witte, Nele A J; Mueller, Sven C
2017-12-01
Anxiety and depression are associated with altered communication within global brain networks and between these networks and the amygdala. Functional connectivity studies demonstrate an effect of anxiety and depression on four critical brain networks involved in top-down attentional control (fronto-parietal network; FPN), salience detection and error monitoring (cingulo-opercular network; CON), bottom-up stimulus-driven attention (ventral attention network; VAN), and default mode (default mode network; DMN). However, structural evidence on the white matter (WM) connections within these networks and between these networks and the amygdala is lacking. The current study in a large healthy sample (n = 483) observed that higher trait anxiety-depression predicted lower WM integrity in the connections between amygdala and specific regions of the FPN, CON, VAN, and DMN. We discuss the possible consequences of these anatomical alterations for cognitive-affective functioning and underscore the need for further theory-driven research on individual differences in anxiety and depression on brain structure.
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Chlorhexidine Induces VanA-Type Vancomycin Resistance Genes in Enterococci
Bhardwaj, Pooja; Ziegler, Elizabeth
2016-01-01
Chlorhexidine is a bisbiguanide antiseptic used for infection control. Vancomycin-resistant E. faecium (VREfm) is among the leading causes of hospital-acquired infections. VREfm may be exposed to chlorhexidine at supra- and subinhibitory concentrations as a result of chlorhexidine bathing and chlorhexidine-impregnated central venous catheter use. We used RNA sequencing to investigate how VREfm responds to chlorhexidine gluconate exposure. Among the 35 genes upregulated ≥10-fold after 15 min of exposure to the MIC of chlorhexidine gluconate were those encoding VanA-type vancomycin resistance (vanHAX) and those associated with reduced daptomycin susceptibility (liaXYZ). We confirmed that vanA upregulation was not strain or species specific by querying other VanA-type VRE. VanB-type genes were not induced. The vanH promoter was found to be responsive to subinhibitory chlorhexidine gluconate in VREfm, as was production of the VanX protein. Using vanH reporter experiments with Bacillus subtilis and deletion analysis in VREfm, we found that this phenomenon is VanR dependent. Deletion of vanR did not result in increased chlorhexidine susceptibility, demonstrating that vanHAX induction is not protective against chlorhexidine. As expected, VanA-type VRE is more susceptible to ceftriaxone in the presence of sub-MIC chlorhexidine. Unexpectedly, VREfm is also more susceptible to vancomycin in the presence of subinhibitory chlorhexidine, suggesting that chlorhexidine-induced gene expression changes lead to additional alterations in cell wall synthesis. We conclude that chlorhexidine induces expression of VanA-type vancomycin resistance genes and genes associated with daptomycin nonsusceptibility. Overall, our results indicate that the impacts of subinhibitory chlorhexidine exposure on hospital-associated pathogens should be further investigated in laboratory studies. PMID:26810654
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Influence of Coronal Abundance Variations
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Scargle, Jeffrey D. (Technical Monitor); Kashyap, Vinay
2005-01-01
The PI of this project was Jeff Scargle of NASA/Ames. Co-I's were Alma Connors of Eureka Scientific/Wellesley, and myself. Part of the work was subcontracted to Eureka Scientific via SAO, with Vinay Kashyap as PI. This project was originally assigned grant number NCC2-1206, and was later changed to NCC2-1350 for administrative reasons. The goal of the project was to obtain, derive, and develop statistical and data analysis tools that would be of use in the analyses of high-resolution, high-sensitivity data that are becoming available with new instruments. This is envisioned as a cross-disciplinary effort with a number of "collaborators" including some at SA0 (Aneta Siemiginowska, Peter Freeman) and at the Harvard Statistics department (David van Dyk, Rostislav Protassov, Xiao-li Meng, Epaminondas Sourlas, et al). We have developed a new tool to reliably measure the metallicities of thermal plasma. It is unfeasible to obtain high-resolution grating spectra for most stars, and one must make the best possible determination based on lower-resolution, CCD-type spectra. It has been noticed that most analyses of such spectra have resulted in measured metallicities that were significantly lower than when compared with analyses of high- resolution grating data where available (see, e.g., Brickhouse et al., 2000, ApJ 530,387). Such results have led to the proposal of the existence of so-called Metal Abundance Deficient, or "MAD" stars (e.g., Drake, J.J., 1996, Cool Stars 9, ASP Conf.Ser. 109, 203). We however find that much of these analyses may be systematically underestimating the metallicities, and using a newly developed method to correctly treat the low-counts regime at the high-energy tail of the stellar spectra (van Dyk et al. 2001, ApJ 548,224), have found that the metallicities of these stars are generally comparable to their photospheric values. The results were reported at the AAS (Sourlas, Yu, van Dyk, Kashyap, and Drake, 2000, BAAS 196, v32, #54.02), and at the conference on Statistical Challenges in Modem Astronomy (Sourlas, van Dyk, Kashyap, Drake, and Pease, 2003, SCMA 111, Eds. E.D.Feigelson, G.J.Babu, New York:Springer, p489-490). We also described the limitations of one of the most egregiously misused and misapplied statistical tests in astrophysical literature, the F-test for verifying model components (Protassov, van Dyk, Connors, Kashyap, and Siemiginowska, 2002, ApJ, 571,545). Indeed, a search through the ApJ archives turned up 170 papers in the 5 previous years that used the F-test explicitly in some form or the other, and with the vast majority of them not using it correctly! Indeed, looking at just 4 issues of the ApJ in 2001, we found 13 instances of its use, of which nine were demonstrably incorrect. Clearly, it is difficult to understate the importance of this issue. We also worked on speeding up Bayes Blocks and Sparse Bayes Blocks algorithms to make them more tractable for large searches. We also supported staistics students and postdocs in both explicit physics- model-based (spectra with tens of thousands of atomic lines) and "model-free" -- i.e. non-parametric or semi-parametric -- algorithms. Work on using more of the latter is just beginning; while using multi-scale methods for Poisson imaging has come to hition. In fact, "An Image Restoration Technique with Error Estimates", by D. Esch, A. Connors, M. Karovska, and D. van Dyk, was published by ApJ (Esch et a1.2004, ApJ, 610, 1213). The code has been delivered to M. Karovska for CXC; and is available for beta-testing upon request. The other large project we worked on was on the self-consistent modeling of logN-logs curves in the Poisson limit. logN-logs curves are a fundamental tool in the study of source populations, luminosity functions, and cosmological parameters. However, their determination is hampered by statistical effects such as the Eddington bias, incompleteness due to detection efficiency, faint source flux fluctuations, etc. We have develed a new and powerful method using the full Poisson machinery that allows us to model the logN-logs distribution of X-ray sources in a self-consistent manner. Because we properly account for all the above statistical effects, our modeling is valid over the full range of the data, and not just for strong sources, as is normally done. Using a Bayesian approach and modeling the fluxes with known functional forms such as simple or broken power-laws, and conditioning the expected photon counts on the fluxes, the background contamination, effective area, detector vignetting, and detection probability, we can delve deeply into the low counts regime and extend the usefulness of medium sensitivity surveys such as ChAMP by orders of magnitude. The built-in flexibility of the algorithm also allows a simultaneous analysis of multiple datasets. We have applied this analysis to a set a Chandra observations (Sourlas, Kashyap, Zezas, van Dyk, 2004, HEAD #8, #16.32)
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Evolution of extreme temperature events in short term climate projection for Iberian Peninsula.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Rodriguez, Alfredo; Tarquis, Ana M.; Sanchez, Enrique; Dosio, Alessandro; Ruiz-Ramos, Margarita
2014-05-01
Extreme events of maximum and minimum temperatures are a main hazard for agricultural production in Iberian Peninsula. For this purpose, in this study we analyze projections of their evolution that could be valid for the next decade, represented in this study by the 30-year period 2004-2034 (target period). For this purpose two kinds of data were used in this study: 1) observations from the station network of AEMET (Spanish National Meteorological Agency) for five Spanish locations, and 2) simulated data at a resolution of 50 ×50 km horizontal grid derived from the outputs of twelve Regional Climate Models (RCMs) taken from project ENSEMBLES (van der Linden and Mitchell, 2009), with a bias correction (Dosio and Paruolo, 2011; Dosio et al., 2012) regarding the observational dataset Spain02 (Herrera et al., 2012). To validate the simulated climate, the available period of observations was compared to a baseline period (1964-1994) of simulated climate for all locations. Then, to analyze the changes for the present/very next future, probability of extreme temperature events for 2004-2034 were compared to that of the baseline period. Although only minor changes are expected, small variations in variability may have a significant impact in crop performance. The objective of the work is to evaluate the utility of these short term projections for potential users, as for instance insurance companies. References Dosio A. and Paruolo P., 2011. Bias correction of the ENSEMBLES high-resolution climate change projections for use by impact models: Evaluation on the present climate. Journal of Geophysical Research, VOL. 116,D16106, doi:10.1029/2011JD015934 Dosio A., Paruolo P. and Rojas R., 2012. Bias correction of the ENSEMBLES high resolution climate change projections for use by impact models: Analysis of the climate change signal. Journal of Geophysical Research,Volume 117, D17, doi: 0.1029/2012JD017968 Herrera et. al. (2012) Development and Analysis of a 50 year high-resolution daily gridded precipitation dataset over Spain (Spain02). International Journal of Climatology 32:74-85 DOI: 10.1002/joc.2256. van der Linden, P., and J. F. B. Mitchell (Eds.) (2009), ENSEMBLES: Climate Change and Its Impacts: Summary of Research and Results From the ENSEMBLES Project, Met Off. Hadley Cent, Exeter, U. K.
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Emergence of vanA Enterococcus faecium in Denmark, 2005-15.
Hammerum, Anette M; Baig, Sharmin; Kamel, Yasmin; Roer, Louise; Pinholt, Mette; Gumpert, Heidi; Holzknecht, Barbara; Røder, Bent; Justesen, Ulrik S; Samulioniené, Jurgita; Kjærsgaard, Mona; Østergaard, Claus; Holm, Anette; Dzajic, Esad; Søndergaard, Turid Snekloth; Gaini, Shahin; Edquist, Petra; Alm, Erik; Lilje, Berit; Westh, Henrik; Stegger, Marc; Hasman, Henrik
2017-08-01
To describe the changing epidemiology of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis in clinical samples in Denmark 2005-15 according to species and van type, and, furthermore, to investigate the genetic relatedness of the clinical E. faecium isolates from 2015. During 2005-14, all clinical VRE isolates were tested for the presence of vanA/B/C genes by PCR. In 2015, all clinical VRE isolates were whole-genome sequenced. From the WGS data, the presence of van genes and MLST STs were extracted in silico . Core-genome MLST (cgMLST) analysis was performed for the vancomycin-resistant E. faecium isolates. During 2005-15, 1043 vanA E. faecium , 25 vanB E. faecium , 4 vanA E. faecalis and 28 vanB E. faecalis were detected. The number of VRE was <50 isolates/year until 2012 to > 200 isolates/year in 2013-15. In 2015, 368 vanA E. faecium and 1 vanB E. faecium were detected along with 1 vanA E. faecalis and 1 vanB E. faecalis . cgMLST subdivided the 368 vanA E. faecium isolates into 33 cluster types (CTs), whereas the vanB E. faecium isolate belonged to a different CT. ST203-CT859 was most prevalent (51%), followed by ST80-CT14 (22%), ST117-CT24 (6%), ST80-CT866 (4%) and ST80-CT860 (2%). Comparison with the cgMLST.org database, previous studies and personal communications with neighbouring countries revealed that the novel cluster ST203-CT859 emerged in December 2014 and spread to the south of Sweden and the Faroe Islands during 2015. VRE increased in Denmark during 2005-15 due to the emergence of several vanA E. faecium clones. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.
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Gousia, Panagiota; Economou, Vangelis; Bozidis, Petros; Papadopoulou, Chrissanthy
2015-03-01
In the present study, 500 raw beef, pork, and chicken meat samples and 100 pooled egg samples were analyzed for the presence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci, vancomycin-resistance phenotypes, and resistance genes. Of 141 isolates of enterococci, 88 strains of Enterococcus faecium and 53 strains of E. faecalis were identified. The most prevalent species was E. faecium. Resistance to ampicillin (n = 93, 66%), ciprofloxacin (n = 74, 52.5%), erythromycin (n = 73, 51.8%), penicillin (n = 59, 41.8%) and tetracycline (n = 52, 36.9%) was observed, while 53.2% (n = 75) of the isolates were multiresistant and 15.6% (n = 22) were susceptible to all antibiotics. Resistance to vancomycin was exhibited in 34.1% (n = 30) of the E. faecium isolates (n = 88) and 1.9% (n = 1) of the E. faecalis isolates (n = 53) using the disc-diffusion test and the E-test. All isolates were tested for vanA and vanB using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and multiplex PCR, and for vanC, vanD, vanE, vanG genes using multiplex PCR only. Among E. faecalis isolates, no resistance genes were identified. Among the E. faecium isolates, 28 carried the vanA gene when tested by multiplex PCR and 29 when tested with real-time PCR. No isolate carrying the vanC, vanD, vanE, or vanG genes was identified. Melting-curve analysis of the positive real-time PCR E. faecium isolates showed that 22 isolates carried the vanA gene only, 2 isolates the vanB2,3 genes only, and seven isolates carried both the vanA and vanB2,3 genes. Enterococci should be considered a significant zoonotic pathogen and a possible reservoir of genes encoding resistance potentially transferred to other bacterial species.
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Wind and Current Forces Acting on Canadian Forces Ships During Tug Operations
2002-11-01
McTaggart and Sav- age [1] describe model tests conducted on a generic frigate model to determine wind forces influencing ship capsize. Van Manen and van ...Fn will be 0.06. Based on data presented by van Manen and van Oossanen [2], the fric- tional resistance coefficient will be approximately 0.002 and...Conference on Stability of Ships and Ocean Vehicles (Melbourne, Florida, 1994). 2. J.D. van Manen and P. van Oossanen, Principles of Naval Architecture, Volume
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Howe, R F; Krisnandi, Y K
2001-09-07
Irradiation of H-ETS-10 in the presence of adsorbed methanol or ethene causes photoreduction of Ti(IV) to Ti(III); photoreduction does not occur for Na, K-ETS-10, but a photoinduced polymerization of ethene is observed.
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Urban schools' teachers enacting project-based science
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Tal, Tali; Krajcik, Joseph S.; Blumenfeld, Phyllis C.
2006-09-01
What teaching practices foster inquiry and promote students to learn challenging subject matter in urban schools? Inquiry-based instruction and successful inquiry learning and teaching in project-based science (PBS) were described in previous studies (Brown & Campione, [1990]; Crawford, [1999]; Krajcik, Blumenfeld, Marx, Bass, & Fredricks, [1998]; Krajcik, Blumenfeld, Marx, & Solloway, [1994]; Minstrell & van Zee, [2000]). In this article, we describe the characteristics of inquiry teaching practices that promote student learning in urban schools. Teaching is a major factor that affects both achievement of and attitude of students toward science (Tamir, [1998]). Our involvement in reform in a large urban district includes the development of suitable learning materials and providing continuous and practiced-based professional development (Fishman & Davis, in press; van Es, Reiser, Matese, & Gomez, [2002]). Urban schools face particular challenges when enacting inquiry-based teaching practices like those espoused in PBS. In this article, we describe two case studies of urban teachers whose students achieved high gains on pre- and posttests and who demonstrated a great deal of preparedness and commitment to their students. Teachers' attempts to help their students to perform well are described and analyzed. The teachers we discuss work in a school district that strives to bring about reform in mathematics and science through systemic reform. The Center for Learning Technologies in Urban Schools (LeTUS) collaborates with the Detroit Public Schools to bring about reform in middle-school science. Through this collaboration, diverse populations of urban-school students learn science through inquiry-oriented projects and the use of various educational learning technologies. For inquiry-based science to succeed in urban schools, teachers must play an important role in enacting the curriculum while addressing the unique needs of students. The aim of this article is to describe patterns of good science teaching in urban school.
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Zhou, Alice; Kang, Tina Manzhu; Yuan, Jessica; Beppler, Casey; Nguyen, Caroline; Mao, Zhiyuan; Nguyen, Minh Quan
2014-01-01
Gram-negative bacteria are normally resistant to the antibiotic vancomycin (VAN), which cannot significantly penetrate the outer membrane. We used Escherichia coli mutants that are partially sensitive to VAN to study synergies between VAN and 10 other antibiotics representing six different functional categories. We detected strong synergies with VAN and nitrofurantoin (NTR) and with VAN and trimethoprim (TMP) and moderate synergies with other drugs, such as aminoglycosides. These synergies are powerful enough to show the activity of VAN against wild-type E. coli at concentrations of VAN as low as 6.25 μg/ml. This suggests that a very small percentage of exogenous VAN does enter E. coli but normally has insignificant effects on growth inhibition or cell killing. We used the results of pairwise interactions with VAN and the other 10 antibiotics tested to place VAN into a functional category of its own, as previously defined by Yeh et al. (P. Yeh, A. I. Tschumi, and R. Kishony, Nat Genet 28:489–494, 2006, http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng1755). PMID:25348521
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Fletcher, Jon B.; Baker, Lawrence M.
2010-01-01
Reports by Nadeau and Dolenc (2005) that tremor had been detected near Cholame Valley spawned an effort to use UPSAR (U. S. Geological Survey Parkfield Seismic Array) to study characteristics of tremor. UPSAR was modified to record three channels of velocity at 40–50 sps continuously in January 2005 and ran for about 1 month, during which time we recorded numerous episodes of tremor. One tremor, on 21 January at 0728, was recorded with particularly high signal levels as well as another episode 3 days later. Both events were very emergent, had a frequency content between 2 and 8 Hz, and had numerous high-amplitude, short-duration arrivals within the tremor signal. Here using the first episode as an example, we discuss an analysis procedure, which yields azimuth and apparent velocity of the tremor at UPSAR. We then provide locations for both tremor episodes. The emphasis here is how the tremor episode evolves. Twelve stations were operating at the time of recording. Slowness of arrivals was determined using cross correlation of pairs of stations; the same method used in analyzing the main shock data from 28 September 2004. A feature of this analysis is that 20 s of the time series were used at a time to calculate correlation; the longer windows resulted in more consistent estimates of slowness, but lower peak correlations. These values of correlation (peaks of about 0.25), however, are similar to that obtained for the S wave of a microearthquake. Observed peaks in slowness were traced back to source locations assumed to lie on the San Andreas fault. Our inferred locations for the two tremor events cluster near the locations of previously observed tremor, south of the Cholame Valley. Tremor source depths are in the 14–24 km range, which is below the seismogenic brittle zone, but above the Moho. Estimates of error do not preclude locations below the Moho, however. The tremor signal is very emergent but contains packets that are several times larger than the background tremor signal and lasts about 5 s. These impulsive wavelets are similar to low-frequency earthquakes signals seen in Japan but appear to be broader band rather than just higher in low-frequency energy. They may be more appropriately called high-energy tremor (HET). HET signals at UPSAR correlate well with the record of this event from station GHIB of the HRSN borehole array at Parkfield and HETs typically have a higher cross-correlation coefficient than the rest of the tremor event. The amplitudes of a large HET are consistent with a magnitude of 0.1 when compared with a M2.3 event that had about the same epicenter. Polarizations of the tremor episode at UPSAR are mostly just north of east. Both linearity and azimuth evolve over time suggesting a change in tremor source location over time and linearity is typically higher at the HETs.
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Glucagon-like peptide-1 regulates brown adipose tissue thermogenesis via the gut-brain axis in rats.
Krieger, Jean-Philippe; Santos da Conceição, Ellen Paula; Sanchez-Watts, Graciela; Arnold, Myrtha; Pettersen, Klaus G; Mohammed, Mazher; Modica, Salvatore; Lossel, Pius; Morrison, Shaun F; Madden, Christopher J; Watts, Alan G; Langhans, Wolfgang; Lee, Shin J
2018-05-30
Endogenous intestinal glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) controls satiation and glucose metabolism via vagal afferent neurons (VAN). Recently, VAN have received increasing attention for their role in brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis. It is however unclear whether VAN GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) signaling affects BAT thermogenesis and energy expenditure (EE), and whether this VAN mechanism contributes to energy balance. First, we tested the effect of the GLP-1R agonist Exendin-4 (Ex4, 0.3 μg/kg IP) on EE and BAT thermogenesis, and whether these effects require VAN GLP-1R signaling, using a rat model with a selective Glp1r knockdown (kd) in VAN. Second, we examined the role of VAN GLP-1R in energy balance during chronic high-fat diet (HFD) feeding in VAN Glp1r kd rats. Lastly, we used viral transsynaptic tracers to identify the possible neuronal substrates of such a gut-BAT interaction. VAN Glp1r kd attenuated the acute suppressive effects of Ex4 on EE and BAT thermogenesis. Consistent with this finding, the VAN Glp1r kd increased EE and BAT activity, diminished body weight gain, and improved insulin sensitivity compared to HFD-fed controls. Anterograde transsynaptic viral tracing of VAN infected major hypothalamic and hindbrain areas involved in BAT sympathetic regulation. Moreover, retrograde tracing from BAT combined with laser capture microdissection revealed that a population of VAN expressing Glp1r is synaptically connected to the BAT. Our findings reveal a novel role of VAN GLP-1R signaling in the regulation of EE and BAT thermogenesis, and imply that through this gut-brain-BAT connection intestinal GLP-1 plays a role in HFD-induced metabolic syndrome.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Velez, Carlos; Maroy, Edith; Rocabado, Ivan; Pereira, Fernando
2017-04-01
To analyse the impacts of climate changes, hydrological models are used to project the hydrology responds under future conditions that normally differ from those for which they were calibrated. The challenge is to assess the validity of the projected effects when there is not data to validate it. A framework for testing the ability of models to project climate change was proposed by Refsgaard et al., (2014). The authors recommend the use of the differential-split sample test (DSST) in order to build confidence in the model projections. The method follow three steps: 1. A small number of sub-periods are selected according to one climate characteristics, 2. The calibration - validation test is applied on these periods, 3. The validation performances are compered to evaluate whether they vary significantly when climatic characteristics differ between calibration and validation. DSST rely on the existing records of climate and hydrological variables; and performances are estimated based on indicators of error between observed and simulated variables. Other authors suggest that, since climate models are not able to reproduce single events but rather statistical properties describing the climate, this should be reflected when testing hydrological models. Thus, performance criteria such as RMSE should be replaced by for instance flow duration curves or other distribution functions. Using this type of performance criteria, Van Steenbergen and Willems, (2012) proposed a method to test the validity of hydrological models in a climate changing context. The method is based on the evaluation of peak flow increases due to different levels of rainfall increases. In contrast to DSST, this method use the projected climate variability and it is especially useful to compare different modelling tools. In the framework of a water allocation project for the region of Flanders (Belgium) we calibrated three hydrological models: NAM, PDM and VHM; for 67 gauged sub-catchments with approx. 40 years of records. This paper investigates the capacity of the three hydrological models to project the impacts of climate change scenarios. It is proposed a general testing framework which combine the use of the existing information through an adapted form of DSST with the approach proposed by Van Steenbergen and Willems, (2012) adapted to assess statistical properties of flows useful in the context of water allocation. To assess the model we use robustness criteria based on a Log Nash-Sutcliffe, BIAS on cummulative volumes and relative changes based on Q50/Q90 estimated from the duration curve. The three conceptual rainfall-runoff models yielded different results per sub-catchments. A relation was found between robustness criteria and changes in mean rainfall and changes in mean potential evapotranspiration. Biases are greatly affected by changes in precipitation, especially when the climate scenarios involve changes in precipitation volume beyond the range used for calibration. Using the combine approach we were able to classify the modelling tools per sub-catchments and create an ensemble of best models to project the impacts of climate variability for the catchments of 10 main rivers in Flanders. Thus, managers could understand better the usability of the modelling tools and the credibility of its outputs for water allocation applications. References Refsgaard, J.C., Madsen, H., Andréassian, V., Arnbjerg-Nielsen, K., Davidson, T.A., Drews, M., Hamilton, D.P., Jeppesen, E., Kjellström, E., Olesen, J.E., Sonnenborg, T.O., Trolle, D., Willems, P., Christensen, J.H., 2014. A framework for testing the ability of models to project climate change and its impacts. Clim. Change. Van Steenbergen, N., Willems, P., 2012. Method for testing the accuracy of rainfall - runoff models in predicting peak flow changes due to rainfall changes , in a climate changing context. J. Hydrol. 415, 425-434.
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1980-12-01
is current during normal river stage. The graduations in this category are wide- spread, ranging frcm fast flowing watercourses with high banks to...channel category on the other. They may be former side channels that have been cut off, or that have only intermittent flows in them. They may be...navigation project certainly is a contributor by providing a deep channel and an abundance of beaches. Karaki and Van Hoften noted that small, fast
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Orion GN and C Mitigation Efforts for Van Allen Radiation
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
King, Ellis T.; Jackson, Mark
2013-01-01
The Orion Crew Module (CM) is NASA's next generation manned space vehicle, scheduled to return humans to lunar orbit in the coming decade. The Orion avionics and GN&C architectures have progressed through a number of project phases and are nearing completion of a major milestone. The first unmanned test mission, dubbed "Exploration Flight Test One" (EFT-1) is scheduled to launch from NASA Kennedy Space Center late next year and provides the first integrated test of all the vehicle systems, avionics and software.
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[Experimental nuclear physics]. Annual report 1988
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
NONE
1988-05-01
This is the May 1988 annual report of the Nuclear Physics Laboratory of the University of Washington. It contains chapters on astrophysics, giant resonances, heavy ion induced reactions, fundamental symmetries, polarization in nuclear reactions, medium energy reactions, accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS), research by outside users, Van de Graaff and ion sources, the Laboratory`s booster linac project work, instrumentation, and computer systems. An appendix lists Laboratory personnel, Ph.D. degrees granted in the 1987-88 academic year, and publications. Refs., 27 figs., 4 tabs.
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1983-11-01
in New England where this type of mass production got underway to any extent was Bennington , Vermont . The famous works there was the brain child of...4 2 Landform Regions of Iowa ...................... 7 3 Schematic of Van Buren County Geology ................. 7 4 Soils Within...Changes. In "Pleistocene and Recent Environments of the Central Great Plains," edited by W. Dort and J. Jones, University of Kansas, Department of Geology
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Prospective Study of Respiratory Infections at the U.S. Naval Academy
2001-09-01
conducting the .findings were significant in demonstrating infection cause and study at the U.S. Naval Academy: Tomoko Hooper, MD MPH; Richard Jhe large...leven M, Ursi D, Van Bever H, Quint W, Niesters HG, Goossens H: Detection of disease. J Infect Dis 1992; 166: 365-73. Mycoplasmapneumoniaeby two...6. AUTHORS 5d. Project Number: Gregory C. Gray, MD, MPH; Robert G. Schultz, MD; Gary D. Gackstetter, DVM, 5e. Task Number: PhD; Richard Thomas, MD
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2011-10-01
Richiardi, J., Eryilmaz, H., Schwartz, S ., Vuilleumier, P., Van De Ville, D.,1499 2010. Decoding brain states from fmri connectivity graphs. Neuroimage1500...Differences Related to Sex and Kinship 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR( S ) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER...5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME( S ) AND ADDRESS(ES) University of Minnesota,Institute for Mathematics and Its Applications,207
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Apollo experience report: Protection against radiation
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
English, R. A.; Benson, R. E.; Bailey, J. V.; Barnes, C. M.
1973-01-01
Radiation protection problems on earth and in space are discussed. Flight through the Van Allen belts and into space beyond the geomagnetic shielding was recognized as hazardous before the advent of manned space flight. Specialized dosimetry systems were developed for use on the Apollo spacecraft, and systems for solar-particle-event warning and dose projection were devised. Radiation sources of manmade origin on board the Apollo spacecraft present additional problems. Methods applied to evaluate and control or avoid the various Apollo radiation hazards are discussed.
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2004-10-01
Top-Level Process for Identification and Analysis of Safety-Related Re- quirements 4.4 Collaborators The primary SEI team members were Don Firesmith...Graff, M. & van Wyk, K. Secure Coding Principles & Practices. O’Reilly, 2003. • Hoglund, G. & McGraw, G. Exploiting Software: How to Break Code. Addison...Eisenecker, U.; Glück, R.; Vandevoorde, D.; & Veldhuizen , T. “Generative Programming and Active Libraries (Extended Abstract)” <osl.iu.edu/~tveldhui/papers
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Project CHECO Southeast Asia Report. Rolling Thunder, January 1967 - November 1968
1969-10-01
APPENDIX 5, Neut (alized o( Abandoned A list of inactive targets previously li,ted prima(ily in APPENDiX 4 that had been neutralized I- or abandoned and...struck was Van Dien Battery Plant for which no BDA was avail- able. " TRANSPORTATION, A major interdiction effort continued against the key lines of...the Laos Bor- der . Bridges that have not been used regularly s?,nce the bombing started are up and in use on LOCs leading to the DMZ. In short, the
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Weber, Barbara; Lindell, Kristoffer; El Qaidi, Samir; Hjerde, Erik; Willassen, Nils-Peder
2011-01-01
Vibrio anguillarum utilizes quorum sensing to regulate stress responses required for survival in the aquatic environment. Like other Vibrio species, V. anguillarum contains the gene qrr1, which encodes the ancestral quorum regulatory RNA Qrr1, and phosphorelay quorum-sensing systems that modulate the expression of small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) that destabilize mRNA encoding the transcriptional regulator VanT. In this study, three additional Qrr sRNAs were identified. All four sRNAs were positively regulated by σ54 and the σ54-dependent response regulator VanO, and showed a redundant activity. The Qrr sRNAs, together with the RNA chaperone Hfq, destabilized vanT mRNA and modulated expression of VanT-regulated genes. Unexpectedly, expression of all four qrr genes peaked at high cell density, and exogenously added N-acylhomoserine lactone molecules induced expression of the qrr genes at low cell density. The phosphotransferase VanU, which phosphorylates and activates VanO, repressed expression of the Qrr sRNAs and stabilized vanT mRNA. A model is presented proposing that VanU acts as a branch point, aiding cross-regulation between two independent phosphorelay systems that activate or repress expression of the Qrr sRNAs, giving flexibility and precision in modulating VanT expression and inducing a quorum-sensing response to stresses found in a constantly changing aquatic environment. PMID:21948044
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Weber, Barbara; Lindell, Kristoffer; El Qaidi, Samir; Hjerde, Erik; Willassen, Nils-Peder; Milton, Debra L
2011-12-01
Vibrio anguillarum utilizes quorum sensing to regulate stress responses required for survival in the aquatic environment. Like other Vibrio species, V. anguillarum contains the gene qrr1, which encodes the ancestral quorum regulatory RNA Qrr1, and phosphorelay quorum-sensing systems that modulate the expression of small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) that destabilize mRNA encoding the transcriptional regulator VanT. In this study, three additional Qrr sRNAs were identified. All four sRNAs were positively regulated by σ(54) and the σ(54)-dependent response regulator VanO, and showed a redundant activity. The Qrr sRNAs, together with the RNA chaperone Hfq, destabilized vanT mRNA and modulated expression of VanT-regulated genes. Unexpectedly, expression of all four qrr genes peaked at high cell density, and exogenously added N-acylhomoserine lactone molecules induced expression of the qrr genes at low cell density. The phosphotransferase VanU, which phosphorylates and activates VanO, repressed expression of the Qrr sRNAs and stabilized vanT mRNA. A model is presented proposing that VanU acts as a branch point, aiding cross-regulation between two independent phosphorelay systems that activate or repress expression of the Qrr sRNAs, giving flexibility and precision in modulating VanT expression and inducing a quorum-sensing response to stresses found in a constantly changing aquatic environment.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Han, Woojin M.; Heo, Su-Jin; Driscoll, Tristan P.; Delucca, John F.; McLeod, Claire M.; Smith, Lachlan J.; Duncan, Randall L.; Mauck, Robert L.; Elliott, Dawn M.
2016-04-01
Treatment strategies to address pathologies of fibrocartilaginous tissue are in part limited by an incomplete understanding of structure-function relationships in these load-bearing tissues. There is therefore a pressing need to develop micro-engineered tissue platforms that can recreate the highly inhomogeneous tissue microstructures that are known to influence mechanotransductive processes in normal and diseased tissue. Here, we report the quantification of proteoglycan-rich microdomains in developing, ageing and diseased fibrocartilaginous tissues, and the impact of these microdomains on endogenous cell responses to physiologic deformation within a native-tissue context. We also developed a method to generate heterogeneous tissue-engineered constructs (hetTECs) with non-fibrous proteoglycan-rich microdomains engineered into the fibrous structure, and show that these hetTECs match the microstructural, micromechanical and mechanobiological benchmarks of native tissue. Our tissue-engineered platform should facilitate the study of the mechanobiology of developing, homeostatic, degenerating and regenerating fibrous tissues.
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Han, Woojin M; Heo, Su-Jin; Driscoll, Tristan P; Delucca, John F; McLeod, Claire M; Smith, Lachlan J; Duncan, Randall L; Mauck, Robert L; Elliott, Dawn M
2016-04-01
Treatment strategies to address pathologies of fibrocartilaginous tissue are in part limited by an incomplete understanding of structure-function relationships in these load-bearing tissues. There is therefore a pressing need to develop micro-engineered tissue platforms that can recreate the highly inhomogeneous tissue microstructures that are known to influence mechanotransductive processes in normal and diseased tissue. Here, we report the quantification of proteoglycan-rich microdomains in developing, ageing and diseased fibrocartilaginous tissues, and the impact of these microdomains on endogenous cell responses to physiologic deformation within a native-tissue context. We also developed a method to generate heterogeneous tissue-engineered constructs (hetTECs) with non-fibrous proteoglycan-rich microdomains engineered into the fibrous structure, and show that these hetTECs match the microstructural, micromechanical and mechanobiological benchmarks of native tissue. Our tissue-engineered platform should facilitate the study of the mechanobiology of developing, homeostatic, degenerating and regenerating fibrous tissues.
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A sealed capsule system for biological and liquid shock-recovery experiments.
Leighs, James A; Appleby-Thomas, Gareth J; Stennett, Chris; Hameed, Amer; Wilgeroth, James M; Hazell, Paul J
2012-11-01
This paper presents an experimental method designed to one-dimensionally shock load and subsequently recover liquid samples. Resultant loading profiles have been interrogated via hydrocode simulation as the nature of the target did not allow for direct application of the diagnostics typically employed in shock physics (e.g., manganin stress gauges or Heterodyne velocimeter (Het-V)). The target setup has been experimentally tested using aluminium flyer plates accelerated by a 50-mm bore single-stage gas-gun reaching projectile impact velocities of up to ~500 ms(-1) (corresponding to peak pressures of up to ca. 4 GPa being experienced by fluid samples). Recovered capsules survived well showing only minor signs of damage. Modelled gauge traces have been validated through the use of a (slightly modified) experiment in which a Het-V facing the rear of the inner capsule was employed. In these tests, good correlation between simulated and experimental traces was observed.
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A sealed capsule system for biological and liquid shock-recovery experiments
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Leighs, James A.; Appleby-Thomas, Gareth J.; Stennett, Chris; Hameed, Amer; Wilgeroth, James M.; Hazell, Paul J.
2012-11-01
This paper presents an experimental method designed to one-dimensionally shock load and subsequently recover liquid samples. Resultant loading profiles have been interrogated via hydrocode simulation as the nature of the target did not allow for direct application of the diagnostics typically employed in shock physics (e.g., manganin stress gauges or Heterodyne velocimeter (Het-V)). The target setup has been experimentally tested using aluminium flyer plates accelerated by a 50-mm bore single-stage gas-gun reaching projectile impact velocities of up to ˜500 ms-1 (corresponding to peak pressures of up to ca. 4 GPa being experienced by fluid samples). Recovered capsules survived well showing only minor signs of damage. Modelled gauge traces have been validated through the use of a (slightly modified) experiment in which a Het-V facing the rear of the inner capsule was employed. In these tests, good correlation between simulated and experimental traces was observed.
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White Dwarfs in the HET Dark Energy Experiment
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Castanheira, B. G.; Winget, D. E.; Williams, K.; Montgomery, M. H.; Falcon, R. E.; Hermes, J. J.
2010-11-01
In the past decades, large scale surveys have discovered a large number of white dwarfs. For example, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 7 [5] lists about 20 000 spectroscopically confirmed new white dwarfs. More than just a number, the new discoveries revealed different flavors of white dwarfs, including a new class of pulsators [7] and a larger percentage of stars with a magnetic field [4]. The HET Dark Energy Experiment (HETDEX) will use the 9.2 m Hobby-Eberly Telescope at McDonald Observatory and a set of 150 spectrographs to map the three-dimensional positions of one million galaxies. The main goal of the survey is to probe dark energy by observing the recent universe (2<=z<=4). However, this unique, magnitude-limited survey (V<=22) will also provide a variety of by-products. We expect to obtain spectra for about 10 000 white dwarfs in the next 3 to 4 years.
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Chaurasia, Akhilesh Kumar; Apte, Shree Kumar
2011-01-01
Photosynthetic, nitrogen-fixing Anabaena strains are native to tropical paddy fields and contribute to the carbon and nitrogen economy of such soils. Genetic engineering was employed to improve the nitrogen biofertilizer potential of Anabaena sp. strain PCC7120. Constitutive enhanced expression of an additional integrated copy of the hetR gene from a light-inducible promoter elevated HetR protein expression and enhanced functional heterocyst frequency in the recombinant strain. The recombinant strain displayed consistently higher nitrogenase activity than the wild-type strain and appeared to be in homeostasis with compatible modulation of photosynthesis and respiration. The enhanced combined nitrogen availability from the recombinant strain positively catered to the nitrogen demand of rice seedlings in short-term hydroponic experiments and supported better growth. The engineered strain is stable, eco-friendly, and useful for environmental application as nitrogen biofertilizer in paddy fields.
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Chaurasia, Akhilesh Kumar; Apte, Shree Kumar
2011-01-01
Photosynthetic, nitrogen-fixing Anabaena strains are native to tropical paddy fields and contribute to the carbon and nitrogen economy of such soils. Genetic engineering was employed to improve the nitrogen biofertilizer potential of Anabaena sp. strain PCC7120. Constitutive enhanced expression of an additional integrated copy of the hetR gene from a light-inducible promoter elevated HetR protein expression and enhanced functional heterocyst frequency in the recombinant strain. The recombinant strain displayed consistently higher nitrogenase activity than the wild-type strain and appeared to be in homeostasis with compatible modulation of photosynthesis and respiration. The enhanced combined nitrogen availability from the recombinant strain positively catered to the nitrogen demand of rice seedlings in short-term hydroponic experiments and supported better growth. The engineered strain is stable, eco-friendly, and useful for environmental application as nitrogen biofertilizer in paddy fields. PMID:21057013
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Spin-isospin excitations from the ground-state of 64Ni
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Popescu, L.; Adachi, T.; Bäumer, C.; Berg, G. P. A.; van den Berg, A. M.; von Brentano, P.; Frekers, D.; de Frenne, D.; Fujita, K.; Fujita, Y.; Grewe, E. W.; Haefner, P.; Hatanaka, K.; Hunyadi, M.; de Huu, M.; Jacobs, E.; Johansson, H.; Korff, A.; Negret, A.; Nakanishi, K.; von Neumann-Cosel, P.; Rakers, S.; Ryezayeva, N.; Sakemi, Y.; Shevchenko, A.; Shimbara, Y.; Shimizu, Y.; Simon, H.; Tameshige, Y.; Tamii, A.; Uchida, M.; Wörtche, H. J.; Yosoi, M.
2006-03-01
Spin-isospin (Gamow-Teller) excitations in 64Cu and 64Co have been studied using (3He,t) and (d,2He) charge-exchange reactions on 64Ni. As the isospin of the 64Ni ground-state is T0=4, states with T=3, 4 and 5 in 64Cu are excited via the (3He,t) reaction and states with T=5 in 64Co via (d,2He). If we assume that the nuclear interaction is charge symmetric, the T=5 states in 64Cu should appear at corresponding excitation energies (if corrected for the Coulomb displacement) and with similar strengths as the T=5 states in 64Co. As in the 64Cu spectrum the T=5 states are very weakly excited, only by combining the results of the two complementary experiments one can estimate the Gamow-Teller strength starting from 64Ni in a consistent way.
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Spin-isospin excitations from the ground-state of 64Ni
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Popescu, L.; Frenne, D. de; Jacobs, E.
2006-03-13
Spin-isospin (Gamow-Teller) excitations in 64Cu and 64Co have been studied using (3He,t) and (d,2He) charge-exchange reactions on 64Ni. As the isospin of the 64Ni ground-state is T0=4, states with T=3, 4 and 5 in 64Cu are excited via the (3He,t) reaction and states with T=5 in 64Co via (d,2He). If we assume that the nuclear interaction is charge symmetric, the T=5 states in 64Cu should appear at corresponding excitation energies (if corrected for the Coulomb displacement) and with similar strengths as the T=5 states in 64Co. As in the 64Cu spectrum the T=5 states are very weakly excited, only bymore » combining the results of the two complementary experiments one can estimate the Gamow-Teller strength starting from 64Ni in a consistent way.« less
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Hobby-Eberly Telescope: commissioning experience and observing plans
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Glaspey, John W.; Adams, M. T.; Booth, John A.; Cornell, Mark E.; Fowler, James R.; Krabbendam, Victor L.; Ramsey, Lawrence W.; Ray, Frank B.; Ricklefs, Randall L.; Spiesman, W. J.
1998-07-01
Experience in bringing into operation the 91-segment primary mirror alignment and control system, the focal plane tracker system, and other critical subsystems of the HET will be described. Particular attention is given to the tracker, which utilizes three linear and three rotational degrees of freedom to follow sidereal targets. Coarse time-dependent functions for each axis are downloaded to autonomous PMAC controllers that provide the precise motion drives to the two linear stages and the hexapod system. Experience gained in aligning the sperate mirrors and then maintaining image quality in a variable thermal environments will also be described. Because of the fixed elevation of the primary optical axis, only a limited amount of time is available for observing objects in the 12 degrees wide observing band. With a small core HET team working with McDonald Observatory staff, efficient, reliable, uncomplicated methodologies are required in all aspects of the observing operations.
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Han, Woojin M; Heo, Su-Jin; Driscoll, Tristan P; Delucca, John F; McLeod, Claire M; Smith, Lachlan J; Duncan, Randall L; Mauck, Robert L; Elliott, Dawn M
2015-01-01
Treatment strategies to address pathologies of fibrocartilaginous tissue are in part limited by an incomplete understanding of structure-function relationships in these load-bearing tissues. There is therefore a pressing need to develop microengineered tissue platforms that can recreate the highly inhomogeneous tissue microstructures that are known to influence mechanotransductive processes in normal and diseased tissue. Here, we report the quantification of proteoglycan-rich microdomains in developing, aging, and diseased fibrocartilaginous tissues, and the impact of these microdomains on endogenous cell responses to physiologic deformation within a native-tissue context. We also developed a method to generate heterogeneous tissue engineered constructs (hetTECs) with microscale non-fibrous proteoglycan-rich microdomains engineered into the fibrous structure, and show that these hetTECs match the microstructural, micromechanical, and mechanobiological benchmarks of native tissue. Our tissue engineered platform should facilitate the study of the mechanobiology of developing, homeostatic, degenerating, and regenerating fibrous tissues. PMID:26726994
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Development of the segment alignment maintenance system (SAMS) for the Hobby-Eberly Telescope
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Booth, John A.; Adams, Mark T.; Ames, Gregory H.; Fowler, James R.; Montgomery, Edward E.; Rakoczy, John M.
2000-07-01
A sensing and control system for maintaining optical alignment of ninety-one 1-meter mirror segments forming the Hobby-Eberly Telescope (HET) primary mirror array is now under development. The Segment Alignment Maintenance System (SAMS) is designed to sense relative shear motion between each segment edge pair and calculated individual segment tip, tilt, and piston position errors. Error information is sent to the HET primary mirror control system, which corrects the physical position of each segment as often as once per minute. Development of SAMS is required to meet optical images quality specifications for the telescope. Segment misalignment over time is though to be due to thermal inhomogeneity within the steel mirror support truss. Challenging problems of sensor resolution, dynamic range, mechanical mounting, calibration, stability, robust algorithm development, and system integration must be overcome to achieve a successful operational solution.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Liao, Wei-Cheng; Hong, Mingyi; Liu, Ya-Feng; Luo, Zhi-Quan
2014-08-01
In a densely deployed heterogeneous network (HetNet), the number of pico/micro base stations (BS) can be comparable with the number of the users. To reduce the operational overhead of the HetNet, proper identification of the set of serving BSs becomes an important design issue. In this work, we show that by jointly optimizing the transceivers and determining the active set of BSs, high system resource utilization can be achieved with only a small number of BSs. In particular, we provide formulations and efficient algorithms for such joint optimization problem, under the following two common design criteria: i) minimization of the total power consumption at the BSs, and ii) maximization of the system spectrum efficiency. In both cases, we introduce a nonsmooth regularizer to facilitate the activation of the most appropriate BSs. We illustrate the efficiency and the efficacy of the proposed algorithms via extensive numerical simulations.
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van Achterberg, Cornelis; Long, Khuat Dang; Chen, Xue-xin
2017-01-01
Abstract The genus Stantonia Ashmead, 1904 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Orgilinae) is reviewed for Vietnam, China, Japan, and Russia. Six new species of the genus Stantonia are described and illustrated: Stantonia brevicaudata van Achterberg, sp. n., S. dickyyui van Achterberg & Long, sp. n., S. granulata Long & van Achterberg, sp. n., S. robustifemur van Achterberg & Long, sp. n., S. stilpnosoma Long & van Achterberg, sp. n., and S. vietnamica van Achterberg, sp. n. A new subgenus (Planitonia subg. n.: type species Stantonia robustifemur van Achterberg & Long, sp. n.) is proposed for the species with a flat clypeus and face, and reduced vein r-m of the fore wing. Three species are newly recorded from Vietnam: Stantonia gracilis van Achterberg, 1987, S. sumatrana Enderlein, 1908, and S. tianmushana Chen, He & Ma, 2004. A key to species of Stantonia from Vietnam, China, Russia, and Japan is provided. PMID:29362527
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Quantitative Characterization of Molecular Similarity Spaces: Tools for Computational Toxicology
2000-01-20
numbers for hydrogen-filled molecular structure, hydrogen-suppressed molecular structure, and van der Waals volume. Van der Waals...relative covalent radii Geometrical Vw van der Waals volume 3DW 3-D Wiener number for the hydrogen-suppressed geometric distance matrix...molecular structure, and van der Waals volume. Van der Waals volume, Vw (Bondi 1964). was calculated using Sybyl 6.1 from Tripos As- sociates. Inc
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Thickened boundary layer theory for air film drag reduction on a van body surface
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Xie, Xiaopeng; Cao, Lifeng; Huang, Heng
2018-05-01
To elucidate drag reduction mechanism on a van body surface under air film condition, a thickened boundary layer theory was proposed and a frictional resistance calculation model of the van body surface was established. The frictional resistance on the van body surface was calculated with different parameters of air film thickness. In addition, the frictional resistance of the van body surface under the air film condition was analyzed by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation and different air film states that influenced the friction resistance on the van body surface were discussed. As supported by the CFD simulation results, the thickened boundary layer theory may provide reference for practical application of air film drag reduction on a van body surface.
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Castañeda, Ximena; García-de-la-Mària, Cristina; Gasch, Oriol; Pericas, Juan M.; Armero, Yolanda; Soy, Dolors; García-González, Javier; Falces, Carlos; Ninot, Salvador; Almela, Manel; Ambrosioni, Juan; Quintana, Eduardo; Vidal, Barbara; Fuster, David; Llopis, Jaume; Soto, Sara; Moreno, Asuncion; Marco, Francesc
2017-01-01
ABSTRACT The aim of this in vivo study was to compare the efficacy of vancomycin at standard doses (VAN-SD) to that of VAN at adjusted doses (VAN-AD) in achieving a VAN area under the curve/MIC ratio (AUC/MIC) of ≥400 against three methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains with different microdilution VAN MICs in an experimental endocarditis model. The valve vegetation bacterial counts after 48 h of VAN therapy were compared, and no differences were observed between the two treatment groups for any of the three strains tested. Overall, for VAN-SD and VAN-AD, the rates of sterile vegetations were 15/45 (33.3%) and 21/49 (42.8%) (P = 0.343), while the medians (interquartile ranges [IQRs]) for log10 CFU/g of vegetation were 2 (0 to 6.9) and 2 (0 to 4.5) (P = 0.384), respectively. In conclusion, this VAN AUC/MIC pharmacodynamic target was not a good predictor of vancomycin efficacy in MRSA experimental endocarditis. PMID:28373187
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Castañeda, Ximena; García-de-la-Mària, Cristina; Gasch, Oriol; Pericas, Juan M; Armero, Yolanda; Soy, Dolors; García-González, Javier; Falces, Carlos; Ninot, Salvador; Almela, Manel; Ambrosioni, Juan; Quintana, Eduardo; Vidal, Barbara; Fuster, David; Llopis, Jaume; Soto, Sara; Moreno, Asuncion; Marco, Francesc; Miró, Jose M
2017-06-01
The aim of this in vivo study was to compare the efficacy of vancomycin at standard doses (VAN-SD) to that of VAN at adjusted doses (VAN-AD) in achieving a VAN area under the curve/MIC ratio (AUC/MIC) of ≥400 against three methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains with different microdilution VAN MICs in an experimental endocarditis model. The valve vegetation bacterial counts after 48 h of VAN therapy were compared, and no differences were observed between the two treatment groups for any of the three strains tested. Overall, for VAN-SD and VAN-AD, the rates of sterile vegetations were 15/45 (33.3%) and 21/49 (42.8%) ( P = 0.343), while the medians (interquartile ranges [IQRs]) for log 10 CFU/g of vegetation were 2 (0 to 6.9) and 2 (0 to 4.5) ( P = 0.384), respectively. In conclusion, this VAN AUC/MIC pharmacodynamic target was not a good predictor of vancomycin efficacy in MRSA experimental endocarditis. Copyright © 2017 American Society for Microbiology.
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Transient aerodynamic characteristics of vans during the accelerated overtaking process
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Liu, Li-ning; Wang, Xing-shen; Du, Guang-sheng; Liu, Zheng-gang; Lei, Li
2018-04-01
This paper studies the influence of the accelerated overtaking process on the vehicles' transient aerodynamic characteristics, through 3-D numerical simulations with dynamic meshes and sliding interface technique. Numerical accuracy is verified by experimental results. The aerodynamic characteristics of vehicles in the uniform overtaking process and the accelerated overtaking process are compared. It is shown that the speed variation of the overtaking van would influence the aerodynamic characteristics of the two vans, with greater influence on the overtaken van than on the overtaking van. The simulations of three different accelerated overtaking processes show that the greater the acceleration of the overtaking van, the larger the aerodynamic coefficients of the overtaken van. When the acceleration of the overtaking van increases by 1 m/s2, the maximum drag force, side force and yawing moment coefficients of the overtaken van all increase by more than 6%, to seriously affect the power performance and the stability of the vehicles. The analysis of the pressure fields under different accelerated conditions reveals the cause of variations of the aerodynamic characteristics of vehicles.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Kilgard, Roy E.; Williams, Amrys; Erickson, Paul; Herbst, William; Redfield, Seth
2017-01-01
Under Connecticut Skies examines the history of astronomy at Van Vleck Observatory, located on the campus of Wesleyan University in Middletown, Connecticut. Since its dedication in June of 1916, Van Vleck has been an important site of astronomical research, teaching, and public outreach. Over a thousand visitors pass through the observatory each year, and regular public observing nights happen year-round in cooperation with the Astronomical Society of Greater Hartford. Our project explores the place-based nature of astronomical research, the scientific instruments, labor, and individuals that have connected places around the world in networks of observation, and the broader history of how observational astronomy has linked local people, amateur observers, professional astronomers, and the tools and objects that have facilitated their work under Connecticut’s skies over the past 100 years. Our research team has produced a historical exhibition to help commemorate the observatory’s centennial that opened to the public in May of 2016. Our work included collecting, documenting, and interpretting this history through objects, archival documents, oral histories, photographs, and more. The result is both a museum and a working history "laboratory" for use by student and professional researchers. In addition to the exhibit itself, we have engaged in new interpretive programs to help bring the history of astronomy to life. Future work will include digitization of documents and teaching slides, further collection of oral histories, and expanding the collection to the web for use by off-site researches.
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Socialization Practices, Job Satisfaction and Commitment,
1983-01-01
organizational entry practice? Neither researchers nor practitioners have directly addressed this issue. Van Manen ( Van Hasnen, 1978) identified seven dimensions...TR-2 John Van Maanen, "Some Thoughts (and Afterthoughts) on Context, Interpretation, and Organization Theory" February, 1982. TR1-3 John Van Maanen...Contradictions in Technical Careers" March, 1982; Working Paper 1281-82. TR-5 John Van Maanen & Deborah Kolb. "The Professional Apprentice: Observations on Fie1
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Mobile Telemetry Van Remote Control Upgrade
2012-05-17
Advantages of Remote Control System Upgrade • Summary Overview • Remote control of Telemetry Mobile Ground Support ( TMGS ) Van proposed to allow...NWC) personnel provided valuable data for full-function remote control of telemetry tracking vans Background • TMGS Vans support Flight Test...control capability from main TM site at Building 5790 currently allows support via TMGS Van at nearby C- 15 Site, Plant 42 in Palmdale, and as far
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Kantsevoy, Sergey V; Bitner, Marianne
2013-10-01
Internal hemorrhoids often present with bleeding, prolapse, and other symptoms. Currently used nonsurgical treatment modalities have limited effectiveness and usually require several treatment sessions. To evaluate effectiveness and safety of a novel endoscopic device for nonsurgical treatment of internal hemorrhoids. Retrospective study. Single center. This study involved 23 patients with actively bleeding internal hemorrhoids. The HET Bipolar System is a modified anoscope, with a treatment window, light source, and tissue temperature monitor. The device is inserted into the rectum under direct observation. The tissue carrying superior hemorrhoidal branches and the apex of the internal hemorrhoid is positioned inside the treatment window, clamped with incorporated tissue forceps, and treated with bipolar energy to ligate hemorrhoidal feeding vessels. Rate of hemorrhoidal bleeding after the treatment. The mean age of the patients was 64.3 ± 9.9 years (range 44-79 years). Eleven patients (47.8%) had grade I hemorrhoids and 12 patients (52.2%) had grade II hemorrhoids. In 18 patients (78.3%), treatment with the HET System was performed with the patient under conscious sedation. Five patients (21.7%) were treated without sedation. All patients tolerated treatment without complaints. The average follow-up period was 11.2 ± 4.7 months. No bleeding or prolapse occurred after the procedure in any of the treated patients. Retrospective study. The newly developed HET System is easy to use, safe, and highly effective in eliminating bleeding in grade I and II internal hemorrhoids and prolapse in grade II internal hemorrhoids. Copyright © 2013 American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
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High Voltage Solar Array ARC Testing for a Direct Drive Hall Effect Thruster System
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Schneider, T.; Vaughn, J.; Carruth, M. R.; Mikellides, I. G.; Jongeward, G. A.; Peterson, T.; Kerslake, T. W.; Snyder, D.; Ferguson, D.; Hoskins, A.
2003-01-01
The deleterious effects of spacecraft charging are well known, particularly when the charging leads to arc events. The damage that results from arcing can severely reduce system lifetime and even cause critical system failures. On a primary spacecraft system such as a solar array, there is very little tolerance for arcing. Motivated by these concerns, an experimental investigation was undertaken to determine arc thresholds for a high voltage (200-500 V) solar array in a plasma environment. The investigation was in support of a NASA program to develop a Direct Drive Hall-Effect Thruster (112HET) system. By directly coupling the solar array to a Hall-effect thruster, the D2HET program seeks to reduce mass, cost and complexity commonly associated with the power processing in conventional power systems. In the investigation, multiple solar array technologies and configurations were tested. The cell samples were biased to a negative voltage, with an applied potential difference between them, to imitate possible scenarios in solar array strings that could lead to damaging arcs. The samples were tested in an environment that emulated a low-energy, HET-induced plasma. Short duration "trigger" arcs as well as long duration "sustained" arcs were generated. Typical current and voltage waveforms associated with the arc events are presented. Arc thresholds are also defined in terms of vo!tage, (current and power. The data will be used to propose a new, high-voltage (>300 V) solar array design for which the likelihood of damage from arcing is minimal.
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Sensitivities of Near-field Tsunami Forecasts to Megathrust Deformation Predictions
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Tung, S.; Masterlark, T.
2018-02-01
This study reveals how modeling configurations of forward and inverse analyses of coseismic deformation data influence the estimations of seismic and tsunami sources. We illuminate how the predictions of near-field tsunami change when (1) a heterogeneous (HET) distribution of crustal material is introduced to the elastic dislocation model, and (2) the near-trench rupture is either encouraged or suppressed to invert spontaneous coseismic displacements. Hypothetical scenarios of megathrust earthquakes are studied with synthetic Global Positioning System displacements in Cascadia. Finite-element models are designed to mimic the subsurface heterogeneity across the curved subduction margin. The HET lithospheric domain modifies the seafloor displacement field and alters tsunami predictions from those of a homogeneous (HOM) crust. Uncertainties persist as the inverse analyses of geodetic data produce nonrealistic slip artifacts over the HOM domain, which propagates into the prediction errors of subsequent tsunami arrival and amplitudes. A stochastic analysis further shows that the uncertainties of seismic tomography models do not degrade the solution accuracy of HET over HOM. Whether the source ruptures near the trench also controls the details of the seafloor disturbance. Deeper subsurface slips induce more seafloor uplift near the coast and cause an earlier arrival of tsunami waves than surface-slipping events. We suggest using the solutions of zero-updip-slip and zero-updip-slip-gradient rupture boundary conditions as end-members to constrain the tsunami behavior for forecasting purposes. The findings are important for the near-field tsunami warning that primarily relies on the near-real-time geodetic or seismic data for source calibration before megawaves hit the nearest shore upon tsunamigenic events.
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High Voltage Solar Array Arc Testing for a Direct Drive Hall Effect Thruster System
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Schneider, Todd; Carruth, M. R., Jr.; Vaughn, J. A.; Jongeward, G. A.; Mikellides, I. G.; Ferguson, D.; Kerslake, T. W.; Peterson, T.; Snyder, D.; Hoskins, A.
2004-01-01
The deleterious effects of spacecraft charging are well known, particularly when the charging leads to arc events. The damage that results from arcing can severely reduce system lifetime and even cause critical system failures. On a primary spacecraft system such as a solar array, there is very little tolerance for arcing. Motivated by these concerns, an experimental investigation was undertaken to determine arc thresholds for a high voltage (200-500 V) solar array in a plasma environment. The investigation was in support of a NASA program to develop a Direct Drive Hall-Effect Thruster (D2HET) system. By directly coupling the solar array to a Hall-effect thruster, the D2HET program seeks to reduce mass, cost and complexity commonly associated with the power processing in conventional power systems. In the investigation, multiple solar array technologies and configurations were tested. The cell samples were biased to a negative voltage, with an applied potential difference between them, to imitate possible scenarios in solar array strings that could lead to damaging arcs. The samples were tested in an environment that emulated a low-energy, HET-induced plasma. Short duration trigger arcs as well as long duration sustained arcs were generated. Typical current and voltage waveforms associated with the arc events are presented. Arc thresholds are also defined in terms of voltage, current and power. The data will be used to propose a new, high-voltage (greater than 300 V) solar array design for which the likelihood of damage from arcing is minimal.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Ajmal Khan, M.; Sato, R.; Sawano, K.; Sichanugrist, P.; Lukianov, A.; Ishikawa, Y.
2018-05-01
Semiconducting epi-Si1‑x Ge x alloys have promising features as solar cell materials and may be equally important for some other semiconductor device applications. Variation of the germanium compositional, x in epi-Si1‑x Ge x , makes it possible to control the bandgap between 1.12 eV and 0.68 eV for application in bottom solar cells. A low proportion of Ge in SiGe alloy can be used for photovoltaic application in a bottom cell to complete the four-terminal tandem structure with wide bandgap materials. In this research, we aimed to use a low proportion of Ge—about 10%—in strained or relaxed c-Si1‑x Ge x /c-Si heterojunctions (HETs), with or without insertion of a Si buffer layer grown by molecular beam epitaxy, to investigate the influence of the relaxed or strained SiGe active layer on the performance of HET solar cells grown using the plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition system. Thanks to the c-Si buffer layer at the hetero-interface, the efficiency of these SiGe based HET solar cells was improved from 2.3% to 3.5% (fully strained and with buffer layer). The Jsc was improved, from 8 mA cm‑2 to 15.46 mA cm‑2, which might be supported by strained c-Si buffer layer at the hetero-interface, by improving the crystalline quality.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Zhang, Junwen; Yu, Jianjun; Wang, Jing; Xu, Mu; Cheng, Lin; Lu, Feng; Shen, Shuyi; Yan, Yan; Cho, Hyunwoo; Guidotti, Daniel; Chang, Gee-kung
2017-01-01
Fifth-generation (5G) wireless access network promises to support higher access data rate with more than 1,000 times capacity with respect to current long-term evolution (LTE) systems. New radio-access-technologies (RATs) based on higher carrier frequencies to millimeter-wave (MMW) radio-over-fiber, and carrier-aggregation (CA) using multi-band resources are intensively studied to support the high data rate access and effectively use of frequency resources in heterogeneous mobile network (Het-Net). In this paper, we investigate several enabling technologies for MMW RoF systems in 5G Het-Net. Efficient mobile fronthaul (MFH) solutions for 5G centralized radio access network (C-RAN) and beyond are proposed, analyzed and experimentally demonstrated based on the analog scheme. Digital predistortion based on memory polynomial for analog MFH linearization are presented with improved EVM performances and receiver sensitivity. We also propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel inter-/intra- RAT CA scheme for 5G Het- Net. The real-time standard 4G-LTE signal is carrier-aggregated with three broadband 60GHz MMW signals based on proposed optical-domain band-mapping method. RATs based on new waveforms have also been studied here to achieve higher spectral-efficiency (SE) in asynchronous environments. Full-duplex asynchronous quasi-gapless carrier aggregation scheme for MMW ROF inter-/intra-RAT based on the FBMC is also presented with 4G-LTE signals. Compared with OFDM-based signals with large guard-bands, FBMC achieves higher spectral-efficiency with better EVM performance at less received power and smaller guard-bands.
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Formation and maintenance of nitrogen-fixing cell patterns in filamentous cyanobacteria.
Muñoz-García, Javier; Ares, Saúl
2016-05-31
Cyanobacteria forming one-dimensional filaments are paradigmatic model organisms of the transition between unicellular and multicellular living forms. Under nitrogen-limiting conditions, in filaments of the genus Anabaena, some cells differentiate into heterocysts, which lose the possibility to divide but are able to fix environmental nitrogen for the colony. These heterocysts form a quasiregular pattern in the filament, representing a prototype of patterning and morphogenesis in prokaryotes. Recent years have seen advances in the identification of the molecular mechanism regulating this pattern. We use these data to build a theory on heterocyst pattern formation, for which both genetic regulation and the effects of cell division and filament growth are key components. The theory is based on the interplay of three generic mechanisms: local autoactivation, early long-range inhibition, and late long-range inhibition. These mechanisms can be identified with the dynamics of hetR, patS, and hetN expression. Our theory reproduces quantitatively the experimental dynamics of pattern formation and maintenance for wild type and mutants. We find that hetN alone is not enough to play the role as the late inhibitory mechanism: a second mechanism, hypothetically the products of nitrogen fixation supplied by heterocysts, must also play a role in late long-range inhibition. The preponderance of even intervals between heterocysts arises naturally as a result of the interplay between the timescales of genetic regulation and cell division. We also find that a purely stochastic initiation of the pattern, without a two-stage process, is enough to reproduce experimental observations.
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This page contains the current effective synthetic minor NSR permit for the Van Hook Crude Terminal, LLC, Van Hook Crude Terminal/Rail Loading Facility, located on the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation in Mountrail County, ND.