Sample records for variable rate debt

  1. Evaluating the underlying factors behind variable rate debt.

    PubMed

    McCue, Michael J; Kim, Tae Hyun Tanny

    2007-01-01

    Recent trends show a greater usage of variable rate debt among health care bond issues. In 2004, 63.4% of the total health care bonds issued were variable rate compared with 30.6% in 1995 (Fitch Ratings, 2005). The purpose of this study is to gain a better understanding of the underlying factors, credit spread, issue characteristics, and issuer factors behind why hospitals and health system borrowers select variable rate debt compared with fixed rate debt. From 2000 to 2004, this study sampled 230 newly issued tax-exempt bonds issued by acute care hospitals and health care systems that included both variable and fixed rate debt issues. Using a logistic regression model, hospitals with variable rate debt issues were assigned a value of 1, whereas hospitals with fixed rate debt issues were assigned a value of 0. This study found a positive association between bond insurance and variable rate debt and a negative association between callable feature and variable rate debt. Facilities located in certificate-of-need states that possessed higher case mix acuity, earned higher profit margins, generated higher debt service coverage, and held less debt were more likely to issue variable rate debt. Overall, hospital managers and board members of hospitals possessing a strong financial performance have an interest in utilizing variable rate debt to lower their cost of capital. In addition, this outcome may also reflect that investment bankers are doing a better job in educating senior hospital management about the interest rate savings benefit of variable rate compared with fixed rate debt.

  2. A framework for evaluating capital structure.

    PubMed

    Sterns, J B; Majidzadeh, T K

    1995-01-01

    This article describes the rationale for accessing variable rate debt and the appropriate amount. It explores historical interest rate relationships and explains the motivation for incurring variable rate debt during certain interest rate environments. The article also explores the risks of variable rate debt and the liquid resources needed for prudent asset-liability management. Finally, the article outlines the financial statement impact of using variable rate debt.

  3. Planning during turmoil: credit challenges and healthcare finance. Interview by Carole J. Bolster.

    PubMed

    Bigalke, John T; Goldstein, Lisa; Gourdon, Claudia; Jacobson, Catherine A; Kaufman, Kenneth; Long, Ronald R

    2008-11-01

    The crisis in the financial markets is having a major impact on hospitals' ability to access capital. Providers are seeking longer-term fixed-rate debt rather than shortterm debt. Hospital management teams and their boards need to understand the upside and downside of variable-rate debt and interest rate derivatives.

  4. Capital financing options for group practices.

    PubMed

    Galtney, B

    2000-05-01

    Group practices that are looking for capital partners need to demonstrate that they have the necessary management capability to operate a successful business capable of repaying the debt. Two basic types of debt financing are available to group practices: fixed-rate financing and variable-rate financing. Fixed-rate financing, the more common method, involves borrowing a specific amount of money and then paying off the debt in principal-and-interest payments, much like a fixed-rate mortgage. Variable-rate financing, on the other hand, involves obtaining a letter of credit from the lender itself or independent guarantor to secure a loan. The variable-rate method is more efficient and flexible, because the notes secured by the letter of credit can be rated independently and sold into public capital markets like short-term, variable-rate paper. Both types of financing can require the personal guarantee of all physicians in the group practice.

  5. New Approaches to Debt Financing.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Levitz, Larry; And Others

    1987-01-01

    The use of tax-exempt and taxable bonds by colleges and universities to raise capital is discussed. Currently, the most common tax-exempt instrument issued by higher education institutions is the revenue bond. Until the early 1980s the most common form of tax-exempt financing was long-term fixed-rate debt. Variable or floating rate debt became…

  6. 'Capital ideas' for health care in 2015.

    PubMed

    Payne, Christopher T

    2015-05-01

    Key factors in planning for healthcare financing in 2015 include: New rules related to municipal advisors. Long-term interest rates and the cost of traditional versus synthetic fixed-rate debt. Ways to use interest-rate swaps to take advantage of synthetic fixed-rate debt. Lesser-known structures that may make variable-rate financing advantageous.

  7. 26 CFR 1.1275-5 - Variable rate debt instruments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... nonpublicly traded property. A debt instrument (other than a tax-exempt obligation) that would otherwise... variations in the cost of newly borrowed funds in the currency in which the debt instrument is denominated... on the yield of actively traded personal property (within the meaning of section 1092(d)(1)). (ii...

  8. 26 CFR 1.1274-2 - Issue price of debt instruments to which section 1274 applies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ...- borrower to the seller-lender that is designated as interest or points. See Example 2 of § 1.1273-2(g)(5... ignored. (f) Treatment of variable rate debt instruments—(1) Stated interest at a qualified floating rate... qualified floating rate (or rates) is determined by assuming that the instrument provides for a fixed rate...

  9. Economic and other determinants of infant and child mortality in small developing countries: the case of Central America and the Caribbean.

    PubMed

    Hojman, D E

    1996-03-01

    This analysis involves empirically testing a theoretical model among 22 Central American and Caribbean countries during the 1990s that explains differences in infant and child mortality. Explanatory measures capture demographic, economic, health care, and educational characteristics. The model is expected to allow for an assessment of the potential impact of structural adjustment and external debt. It is pointed out that birth rates and child mortality rates followed similar patterns over time and between countries. In this study's regression analyses all variables in the three models that explain infant mortality are exogenous: low birth weight, immunization, gross domestic product per capita, years of schooling for women, population/nurse, and debt as a proportion of gross national product. As nations became richer, infant mortality declined. Infant mortality was lower in countries with high external debt. In models for explaining the birth rate and the child mortality rate, the best fit included variables for debt, real public expenditure on health care, water supply, and malnutrition. Analysis in a simultaneous model for 10 countries revealed that the birth rate and the child mortality rate were more responsive to shocks in exogenous variables in Barbados than in the Dominican Republic, and more responsive in the Dominican Republic than in Guatemala. The impact of each exogenous variable varied by country. In Barbados education was four times more effective in explaining the birth rate than water. In Guatemala, the most effective exogenous variable was malnutrition. Child mortality rates were affected more by multiplier effects. In richer countries, the most important impact on child survival was improved access to safe water, and the most important impact on the birth rate was increased real public expenditure on education per capita. For the poorest countries, findings suggest first improvement in malnutrition and then improvement in safe water supplies. Structural adjustment variables were found to have small impacts on the birth rate or limited impacts on child survival in poorer countries.

  10. Estimating debt capacity of New York State Health facilities.

    PubMed

    Hogan, A J

    1985-01-01

    A measure of the capacity to take on new debt is developed for health facilities. This measure is a function of the current financial position of the facility, future financial market conditions (interest rates and bond/loan maturities), and a policy variable (the debt service coverage ratio) to be set by state health policy makers. The quality of this measure was shown to depend on the quality of current health facility financial accounting data, on the quality of forecasts of interest rates and future cashflow, and on the appropriateness of the criterion debt service coverage ratio. Some of the limitations of the estimate are discussed. Consideration of the debt capacity estimate serves to highlight some crucial issues in imposing capital expenditure limits, namely the interrelationships between financial viability, interest rates and access to capital markets.

  11. A guide to taxable debt financing alternatives.

    PubMed

    Aderholdt, J M; Pardue, C R

    1989-07-01

    The 1986 Tax Reform Act placed new restrictions on the use of tax-exempt financing for certain healthcare projects, and policymakers are considering further restrictions. In light of these developments, financial managers should become familiar with the available taxable debt financing options. These include commercial paper, taxable variable rate demand notes, floating rate notes, medium-term notes, long-term domestic public offerings, and domestic private placements.

  12. 77 FR 3121 - Program Integrity: Gainful Employment-Debt Measures; Correction

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-01-23

    ...On June 13, 2011, the Secretary of Education (Secretary) published a notice of final regulations in the Federal Register for Program Integrity: Gainful Employment--Debt Measures (Gainful Employment--Debt Measures) (76 FR 34386). In the preamble of the final regulations, we used the wrong data to calculate the percent of total variance in institutions' repayment rates that may be explained by race/ethnicity. Our intent was to use the data that included all minority students per institution. However, we mistakenly used the data for a subset of minority students per institution. We have now recalculated the total variance using the data that includes all minority students. Through this document, we correct, in the preamble of the Gainful Employment--Debt Measures final regulations, the errors resulting from this misapplication. We do not change the regression analysis model itself; we are using the same model with the appropriate data. Through this notice we also correct, in the preamble of the Gainful Employment--Debt Measures final regulations, our description of one component of the regression analysis. The preamble referred to use of an institutional variable measuring acceptance rates. This description was incorrect; in fact we used an institutional variable measuring retention rates. Correcting this language does not change the regression analysis model itself or the variance explained by the model. The text of the final regulations remains unchanged.

  13. Innovations in University Finance: A Growing Necessity, and Intelligent Too!

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Mason, Paul M.; Alfano, Anthony

    1986-01-01

    The characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of two relatively new debt instruments (variable rate demand bonds and tax-exempt variable rate demand bonds) and one soon to be available (real rate bonds) for short-term institutional finance needs and for reducing financing expenses are examined. (MSE)

  14. One Debt-Financing Option May Increase Risk of College Bankruptcies

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Basken, Paul

    2008-01-01

    A common type of variable-rate financing has suddenly increased the risk of bankruptcy for an unknown number of colleges, said two experts at credit-rating agencies. The threat affects mostly less-wealthy colleges that have used variable-rate bonds either to get a better price when borrowing or because they lacked bond ratings and had little other…

  15. An examination of contemporary financing practices and the global financial crisis on nonprofit multi-hospital health systems.

    PubMed

    Stewart, Louis J; Smith, Pamela C

    2011-01-01

    This study examines the impact of the 2008 global financial crisis on large US nonprofit health systems. We proceed from an analysis of the contemporary capital financing practices of 25 of the nation's largest nonprofit hospitals and health systems. We find that these institutions relied on operating cash flows, public issues of insured variable rate debt, and accumulated investment to meet their capital financing needs. The combined use of these three financial instruments provided these organizations with $22.4 billion of long-term capital at favorable terms and the lowest interest rates. Our analysis further indicates that the extensive utilization of bond insurance, auction rate debt, and interest rate derivatives created significant risk exposures for these health systems. These risks were realized by the broader global financial crisis of 2008. Findings indicate these health systems incurred large losses from the early retirement of their variable rate debt. In addition, many organizations were forced to post nearly $1 billion of liquid collateral due to the falling values of their interest rate derivatives. Finally, the investment portfolios of these large nonprofit health systems suffered millions of dollars of unrealized capital losses, which may minimize their ability to finance future capital investment requirements.

  16. Evidence and mapping of extinction debts for global forest-dwelling reptiles, amphibians and mammals

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chen, Youhua; Peng, Shushi

    2017-03-01

    Evidence of extinction debts for the global distributions of forest-dwelling reptiles, mammals and amphibians was tested and the debt magnitude was estimated and mapped. By using different correlation tests and variable importance analysis, the results showed that spatial richness patterns for the three forest-dwelling terrestrial vertebrate groups had significant and stronger correlations with past forest cover area and other variables in the 1500 s, implying the evidence for extinction debts. Moreover, it was likely that the extinction debts have been partially paid, given that their global richness patterns were also significantly correlated with contemporary forest variables in the 2000 s (but the absolute magnitudes of the correlation coefficients were usually smaller than those calculated for historical forest variables). By utilizing species-area relationships, spatial extinction-debt magnitudes for the three vertebrate groups at the global scale were estimated and the hotspots of extinction debts were identified. These high-debt hotspots were generally situated in areas that did not spatially overlap with hotspots of species richness or high extinction-risk areas based on IUCN threatened status to a large extent. This spatial mismatch pattern suggested that necessary conservation efforts should be directed toward high-debt areas that are still overlooked.

  17. Evidence and mapping of extinction debts for global forest-dwelling reptiles, amphibians and mammals.

    PubMed

    Chen, Youhua; Peng, Shushi

    2017-03-16

    Evidence of extinction debts for the global distributions of forest-dwelling reptiles, mammals and amphibians was tested and the debt magnitude was estimated and mapped. By using different correlation tests and variable importance analysis, the results showed that spatial richness patterns for the three forest-dwelling terrestrial vertebrate groups had significant and stronger correlations with past forest cover area and other variables in the 1500 s, implying the evidence for extinction debts. Moreover, it was likely that the extinction debts have been partially paid, given that their global richness patterns were also significantly correlated with contemporary forest variables in the 2000 s (but the absolute magnitudes of the correlation coefficients were usually smaller than those calculated for historical forest variables). By utilizing species-area relationships, spatial extinction-debt magnitudes for the three vertebrate groups at the global scale were estimated and the hotspots of extinction debts were identified. These high-debt hotspots were generally situated in areas that did not spatially overlap with hotspots of species richness or high extinction-risk areas based on IUCN threatened status to a large extent. This spatial mismatch pattern suggested that necessary conservation efforts should be directed toward high-debt areas that are still overlooked.

  18. Decent wage is more important than absolution of debts: A smallholder socio-hydrological modelling framework

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Pande, Saket; Savenije, Hubert

    2015-04-01

    We present a framework to understand the socio-hydrological system dynamics of a small holder. Small holders are farmers who own less than 2 ha of farmland. It couples the dynamics of 6 main variables that are most relevant at the scale of a small holder: local storage (soil moisture and other water storage), capital, knowledge, livestock production, soil fertility and grass biomass production. The hydroclimatic variability is at sub-annual scale and influences the socio-hydrology at annual scale. The model incorporates rule-based adaptation mechanisms (for example: adjusting expenditures on food and fertilizers, selling livestocks etc.) of small holders when they face adverse socio-hydrological conditions, such as low annual rainfall, higher intra-annual variability in rainfall or variability in agricultural prices. We apply the framework to understand the socio-hydrology of a sugarcane small holder in Aurangabad, Maharashtra. This district has witnessed suicides of many sugarcane farmers who could not extricate themselves out of the debt trap. These farmers lack irrigation and are susceptible to fluctuating sugar prices and intra-annual hydro-climatic variability. We study the sensitivity of annual total capital averaged over 30 years, an indicator of small holder wellbeing, to initial capital that a small holder starts with and the prevalent wage rates. We find that a smallholder well being is low (below Rs 30000 per annum, a threshold above which a smallholder can afford a basic standard of living) and is rather insensitive to initial capital at low wage rates. Initial capital perhaps matters to small holder livelihoods at higher wage rates. Further, the small holder system appears to be resilient at around Rs 115/mandays in the sense that small perturbations in wage rates around this rate still sustains the smallholder above the basic standard of living. Our results thus indicate that government intervention to absolve the debt of farmers is not enough. It must invest in local storages that can buffer intra-annual variability in rainfall in tandem and good wages for alternative sources of income.

  19. Size-dependent standard deviation for growth rates: Empirical results and theoretical modeling

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Podobnik, Boris; Horvatic, Davor; Pammolli, Fabio; Wang, Fengzhong; Stanley, H. Eugene; Grosse, I.

    2008-05-01

    We study annual logarithmic growth rates R of various economic variables such as exports, imports, and foreign debt. For each of these variables we find that the distributions of R can be approximated by double exponential (Laplace) distributions in the central parts and power-law distributions in the tails. For each of these variables we further find a power-law dependence of the standard deviation σ(R) on the average size of the economic variable with a scaling exponent surprisingly close to that found for the gross domestic product (GDP) [Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 3275 (1998)]. By analyzing annual logarithmic growth rates R of wages of 161 different occupations, we find a power-law dependence of the standard deviation σ(R) on the average value of the wages with a scaling exponent β≈0.14 close to those found for the growth of exports, imports, debt, and the growth of the GDP. In contrast to these findings, we observe for payroll data collected from 50 states of the USA that the standard deviation σ(R) of the annual logarithmic growth rate R increases monotonically with the average value of payroll. However, also in this case we observe a power-law dependence of σ(R) on the average payroll with a scaling exponent β≈-0.08 . Based on these observations we propose a stochastic process for multiple cross-correlated variables where for each variable (i) the distribution of logarithmic growth rates decays exponentially in the central part, (ii) the distribution of the logarithmic growth rate decays algebraically in the far tails, and (iii) the standard deviation of the logarithmic growth rate depends algebraically on the average size of the stochastic variable.

  20. Size-dependent standard deviation for growth rates: empirical results and theoretical modeling.

    PubMed

    Podobnik, Boris; Horvatic, Davor; Pammolli, Fabio; Wang, Fengzhong; Stanley, H Eugene; Grosse, I

    2008-05-01

    We study annual logarithmic growth rates R of various economic variables such as exports, imports, and foreign debt. For each of these variables we find that the distributions of R can be approximated by double exponential (Laplace) distributions in the central parts and power-law distributions in the tails. For each of these variables we further find a power-law dependence of the standard deviation sigma(R) on the average size of the economic variable with a scaling exponent surprisingly close to that found for the gross domestic product (GDP) [Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 3275 (1998)]. By analyzing annual logarithmic growth rates R of wages of 161 different occupations, we find a power-law dependence of the standard deviation sigma(R) on the average value of the wages with a scaling exponent beta approximately 0.14 close to those found for the growth of exports, imports, debt, and the growth of the GDP. In contrast to these findings, we observe for payroll data collected from 50 states of the USA that the standard deviation sigma(R) of the annual logarithmic growth rate R increases monotonically with the average value of payroll. However, also in this case we observe a power-law dependence of sigma(R) on the average payroll with a scaling exponent beta approximately -0.08 . Based on these observations we propose a stochastic process for multiple cross-correlated variables where for each variable (i) the distribution of logarithmic growth rates decays exponentially in the central part, (ii) the distribution of the logarithmic growth rate decays algebraically in the far tails, and (iii) the standard deviation of the logarithmic growth rate depends algebraically on the average size of the stochastic variable.

  1. The Federal Government Debt: Its Size and Economic Significance

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2010-02-03

    growth rate of the federal debt and the overall rate of economic growth is critical to economic stability . As long as the debt grows more rapidly than...most, as far as economic stability is concerned, is what investors believe to be the long-run outlook for the debt-to-GDP ratio. If large deficits...between the growth rate of the federal debt and the overall rate of economic growth is critical to economic stability . As long as the debt grows more

  2. An Application of Robust Method in Multiple Linear Regression Model toward Credit Card Debt

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Amira Azmi, Nur; Saifullah Rusiman, Mohd; Khalid, Kamil; Roslan, Rozaini; Sufahani, Suliadi; Mohamad, Mahathir; Salleh, Rohayu Mohd; Hamzah, Nur Shamsidah Amir

    2018-04-01

    Credit card is a convenient alternative replaced cash or cheque, and it is essential component for electronic and internet commerce. In this study, the researchers attempt to determine the relationship and significance variables between credit card debt and demographic variables such as age, household income, education level, years with current employer, years at current address, debt to income ratio and other debt. The provided data covers 850 customers information. There are three methods that applied to the credit card debt data which are multiple linear regression (MLR) models, MLR models with least quartile difference (LQD) method and MLR models with mean absolute deviation method. After comparing among three methods, it is found that MLR model with LQD method became the best model with the lowest value of mean square error (MSE). According to the final model, it shows that the years with current employer, years at current address, household income in thousands and debt to income ratio are positively associated with the amount of credit debt. Meanwhile variables for age, level of education and other debt are negatively associated with amount of credit debt. This study may serve as a reference for the bank company by using robust methods, so that they could better understand their options and choice that is best aligned with their goals for inference regarding to the credit card debt.

  3. The Federal Government Debt: Its Size and Economic Significance

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2009-03-04

    growth is critical to economic stability . As long as the debt grows more rapidly than output, the ratio of debt to gross domestic product (GDP) will rise...the budget deficit, the rate of interest, and the rate of growth in GDP. What matters most, as far as economic stability is concerned, is what...debt and the overall rate of economic growth is critical to economic stability . As long as the debt grows more rapidly than output, the ratio of debt

  4. 76 FR 80326 - 2012 Rate Changes for the Basetime, Overtime, Holiday, and Laboratory Services Rates

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-12-23

    ..., plus the travel and operating rate, plus the overhead rate, plus the allowance for bad debt rate. The... and operating rate) + $16.68 (overhead rate) + $.02 (bad debt allowance rate) = $54.24. Overtime Rate... rate, plus the allowance for bad debt rate. The calculation for the 2012 overtime rate per hour per...

  5. The use of debt.

    PubMed

    Hood, W L; Loughery, C V

    1990-05-01

    Stewards of Catholic healthcare organizations must proceed cautiously before embarking on new construction or renovation projects. Many important issues are involved in financing such projects, including business risk, financial philosophy, financial structure, and forms of debt. The proper foundation for any financing structure must begin with financial philosophy. Some healthcare facilities have traditionally used no external financing; others have employed significant levels of debt. To determine a proper level of debt for the project(s) being financed, it is important to look at business risk. If a modest decline in revenues (or a similar increase in costs) would threaten the project's viability, the business risk would be high; therefore prudence would dictate that the level of debt undertaken be relatively small. A separate analysis is required to determine the appropriate mix of floating-rate and fixed-rate long-term debt. As a rule of thumb, fixed-rate debt would typically form two thirds of the debt structure; floating-rate debt, no more than one third. For healthcare, debt can take two forms: tax exempt and taxable. Tax-exempt financing has many constraints, including use of proceeds by a tax-exempt entity, arbitrage rules, tax legislation, and financial disclosure laws. Taxable debt can be issued by private placement or on a publicly traded basis.

  6. A sociohydrological model for smallholder farmers in Maharashtra, India

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Pande, Saket; Savenije, Hubert H. G.

    2016-03-01

    We present a sociohydrological model that can help us to better understand the system dynamics of a smallholder farmer. It couples the dynamics of the six main assets of a typical smallholder farmer: water storage capacity, capital, livestock, soil fertility, grazing access, and labor. The hydroclimatic variability, which is a main driver and source of uncertainty of the smallholder system, is accounted for at subannual scale. The model incorporates rule-based adaptation mechanisms of smallholders (for example, adjusting expenditures on food and fertilizers and selling livestocks) when farmers face adverse sociohydrological conditions, such as low annual rainfall, occurrence of dry spells, or variability of input or commodity prices. We have applied the model to analyze the sociohydrology of a cash crop producing smallholder in Maharashtra, India, in a semisynthetic case study setting. Of late, this region has witnessed many suicides of farmers who could not extricate themselves out of the debt trap. These farmers lacked irrigation and were susceptible to fluctuating commodity prices and climatic variability. We studied the sensitivity of a smallholder's capital, an indicator of smallholder well-being, to two types of cash crops (cotton and sugarcane), water storage capacity, availability of irrigation, initial capital that a smallholder starts with, prevalent wage rates, and access to grazing. We found that (i) smallholders with low water storage capacities and no irrigation are most susceptible to distress, (ii) a smallholder's well-being is low at low wage rates, (iii) wage rate is more important than absolution of debt, (iv) well-being is sensitive to water storage capacity up to a certain level, and (v) well-being increases with increasing area available for livestock grazing. Our results indicate that government intervention to absolve the debt of farmers or to invest in local storage to buffer rainfall variability may not be enough. In addition, alternative sources of income may need to be provided, for instance by ensuring minimum wages or by providing more access to grazing areas.

  7. Financial Factors and Institutional Characteristics That Relate to the Long-Term Debt of U.S. Four-Year Public Colleges and Universities

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Keith, Dana Sims

    2013-01-01

    Debt for public colleges and universities has been increasing while financial resources, which provide the support to repay debt, have been declining. As debt increases in proportion to assets, the risk profile of a college or university increases. This study examined the relationships between financial variables and institutional characteristics…

  8. 7 CFR 1403.9 - Late payment interest and administrative charges.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... apply: (i) To debts owed by Federal agencies and State and local governments. Interest on debts owed by... the rate of interest charged by the U.S. Treasury for funds borrowed by CCC on the day the debt became... shall be expressed as an annual rate of interest which CCC charges on delinquent debts. The late payment...

  9. Seeing red: Americans driven into debt by medical bills. Results from a National Survey.

    PubMed

    Doty, Michelle M; Edwards, Jennifer N; Holmgren, Alyssa L

    2005-08-01

    New analysis of the 2003 Commonwealth Fund Biennial Health Insurance Survey reveals that an estimated 77 million Americans age 19 and older--nearly two of five (37%) adults--have difficulty paying medical bills, have accrued medical debt, or both. Working-age adults incur significantly higher rates of medical bill and debt problems than adults 65 and older, with rates highest among the uninsured. Even working-age adults who are continually insured have problems paying their medical bills and have medical debt. Unpaid medical bills and medical debt can limit access to health care: two-thirds of people with a medical bill or debt problem went without needed care because of cost--nearly three times the rate of those without these financial problems.

  10. 7 CFR 1403.4 - Demand for payment of debts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... payment interest rate set out in § 1403.9. (4) CCC's intent, if applicable, to collect the debt 30 days... for and the amount of the debt determined to be due CCC, including the principal, applicable interest...) The applicable late payment interest rate. (i) If a late payment interest rate is specified in the...

  11. Beyond Financial Need: Predictors of Student Loans and Student Loan Attitudes

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Norvilitis, Jill M.; Bat, Meghan J.

    2016-01-01

    Although public concern about student loan debt has been increasing, little research has examined predictors of debt beyond financial need or demographic factors. The present study explored the role of several psychological and attitudinal variables in student loan debt among 189 college students. Results indicate that loan initiative and loan…

  12. A model for the value of a business, some optimization problems in its operating procedures and the valuation of its debt

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    1997-12-01

    In this paper we present a model for the value of a firm based on observable variables and parameters: the annual turnover, the expenses, interest rates. This value is the solution of a parabolic partial differential equation. We show how the value of the company depends on its legal status such as its liability (that is, whether it is a Limited Company or a sole trader/partnership). We give examples of how the operating procedures can be optimized (for example, whether the firm should close down, relocate etc.). Finally, we show how the model can be used to value the debt issued by the firm.

  13. Factors influencing students' borrowing that may affect their specialty choices and other after-graduation behaviors.

    PubMed

    Cooter, R; Bross, T M; Erdmann, J B

    1998-01-01

    To assess the factors that influence medical students' borrowing and how these factors may affect access to the profession, specialty choice, and medical graduates' repayment behaviors. The borrowing patterns of the 3,495 indebted students enrolled at Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University between 1989-90 and 1994-95 were analyzed. (Debt included both subsidized and unsubsidized debt.) These borrowing patterns were assessed in relation to changes in the cost of education, family (i.e., parents') income, availability of grant funding, legislative changes to loan-eligibility criteria (specifically, the Higher Education Amendments of 1992), and average interest rates on federal unsubsidized loans. The annual changes in average debt levels suggest that while cost of education, family resources, and availability of grant funding may be significant factors, changes in loan eligibility and prevailing interest rates on unsubsidized loan source also influence medical students' borrowing. A comparison of the borrowing patterns for three income groups (low, middle, high) further demonstrated that while overall fluctuations for low-income group mirrored changes in the cost and resource variables, annual borrowing fluctuations for the middle- and high-income groups were more reflective of the expansion of loan eligibility and reduced interest rates on unsubsidized loans. From 1989-90 to 1994-95 the average cost of education increased by $2,368. Average unsubsidized debt increased by $1,544 for the low-income group, $3,960 for the middle-income group, and $4,439 for the high-income group. The percentage of unsubsidized funding included in the borrowers' financing packages increased by just under 6% for the low-income group but almost 10% and 11% for the middle- and high-income groups, respectively. The results suggest that medical students borrow for a variety of reasons, ranging from financial need to personal financing or lifestyle choices. These reasons should be considered in relation to institutional and governmental financial aid policies and future research on the relationship between debt and speciality choice.

  14. In Sickness and in Debt: Do Mounting Medical Bills Predict Payday Loan Debt?

    PubMed

    Bickham, Trey; Lim, Younghee

    2015-01-01

    Cash-strapped families sometimes turn to small, short-term loans with exorbitant fees—payday loans—to cope with mounting medical bills. Given that about three-fourths of payday loan customers are repeat borrowers, consumer advocates and policymakers have increasingly raised voices of concern about the use of payday loans to finance various household expenses, including, among other things, medical bills. The present study hypothesized that increases in medical debt are associated with increases in payday loan debt among a sample of Chapter 7 bankruptcy filers. The results of a multivariate tobit regression analysis showed that medical debt was associated with increased payday loan debt, controlling for various types of debt and other socioeconomic variables. This article concludes with implications of the results for social work policy- and direct-practice.

  15. A Predictive Model of Student Loan Default at a Two-Year Community College

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Brown, Chanda Denea

    2015-01-01

    This study explored whether a predictive model of student loan default could be developed with data from an institution's three-year cohort default rate report. The study used borrower data provided by a large two-year community college. Independent variables under investigation included total undergraduate Stafford student loan debt, total number…

  16. Child Mortality, Women's Status, Economic Dependency, and State Strength: A Cross-National Study of Less Developed Countries.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Shen, Ce; Williamson, John B.

    1997-01-01

    Data from 86 developing countries suggest that foreign investment and debt dependency have adverse indirect effects on child mortality--effects mediated by variables linked to industrialism theory and gender stratification theory: women's education, health, and reproductive autonomy and rate of economic growth. State strength was related to lower…

  17. Effects of College Educational Debt on Graduate School Attendance and Early Career and Lifestyle Choices

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Zhang, Lei

    2013-01-01

    This paper examines how college educational debt affects various post-baccalaureate decisions of bachelor's degree recipients. I employ the Baccalaureate and Beyond 93/97 survey data. Using college-aid policies as instrumental variables to correct for the endogeneity of student college debt level, I find that for public college graduates, college…

  18. 7 CFR 1403.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Service. Late payment interest rate means the amount of interest charged on delinquent debts and claims. The late payment interest rate shall be determined as of the date a debt becomes delinquent and shall... debt owed the Government, or any agency thereof. FSA means the Farm Service Agency of the United States...

  19. [Prediction model of health workforce and beds in county hospitals of Hunan by multiple linear regression].

    PubMed

    Ling, Ru; Liu, Jiawang

    2011-12-01

    To construct prediction model for health workforce and hospital beds in county hospitals of Hunan by multiple linear regression. We surveyed 16 counties in Hunan with stratified random sampling according to uniform questionnaires,and multiple linear regression analysis with 20 quotas selected by literature view was done. Independent variables in the multiple linear regression model on medical personnels in county hospitals included the counties' urban residents' income, crude death rate, medical beds, business occupancy, professional equipment value, the number of devices valued above 10 000 yuan, fixed assets, long-term debt, medical income, medical expenses, outpatient and emergency visits, hospital visits, actual available bed days, and utilization rate of hospital beds. Independent variables in the multiple linear regression model on county hospital beds included the the population of aged 65 and above in the counties, disposable income of urban residents, medical personnel of medical institutions in county area, business occupancy, the total value of professional equipment, fixed assets, long-term debt, medical income, medical expenses, outpatient and emergency visits, hospital visits, actual available bed days, utilization rate of hospital beds, and length of hospitalization. The prediction model shows good explanatory and fitting, and may be used for short- and mid-term forecasting.

  20. Take a Strategic Direction with Debt.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Augustine, John H.

    2002-01-01

    Offers advice to higher education institutions about financing decisions on their debt portfolios. Addresses developing a debt management framework, factors affecting strategy, interest rate management, establishing a debt management benchmark, and adopting a prospective approach. Sidebars discuss the trade-offs of credit offerings, and…

  1. 42 CFR 413.89 - Bad debts, charity, and courtesy allowances.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... SERVICES; OPTIONAL PROSPECTIVELY DETERMINED PAYMENT RATES FOR SKILLED NURSING FACILITIES Specific... allowable costs. (e) Criteria for allowable bad debt. A bad debt must meet the following criteria to be... amount of allowable bad debt (as defined in paragraph (e) of this section) is reduced: (i) For cost...

  2. 42 CFR 413.89 - Bad debts, charity, and courtesy allowances.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... SERVICES; OPTIONAL PROSPECTIVELY DETERMINED PAYMENT RATES FOR SKILLED NURSING FACILITIES Specific... allowable costs. (e) Criteria for allowable bad debt. A bad debt must meet the following criteria to be... amount of allowable bad debt (as defined in paragraph (e) of this section) is reduced: (i) For cost...

  3. 38 CFR 1.915 - Interest, administrative costs, and penalties.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... collection will be added to the principal amount of the debt. (c) The rate of interest charged by VA shall be... interest has been determined for a particular debt, the rate shall remain in effect throughout the duration... of Title 38, U.S. Code. (2) Interest and administrative costs of collection on such debts described...

  4. Educational debt and intended employment choice among dental school seniors.

    PubMed

    Wanchek, Tanya; Nicholson, Sean; Vujicic, Marko; Menezes, Adriana; Ziebert, Anthony

    2014-05-01

    The authors examined the association between educational debt and dental school seniors' intended activity after graduation. The authors used multinomial logit regression analysis to estimate the relationship between dental educational debt and intended activity after graduation, controlling for potentially confounding variables. They used data from the 2004 through 2011 ADEA (American Dental Education Association) Survey of Dental School Seniors. Fourth-year dental school students with high levels of educational debt were more likely to express an interest in choosing to go into private practice, although the magnitude of this effect was relatively small. For each $10,000 increase in debt, the likelihood of choosing advanced education relative to private practice was 1.5 percent lower (relative risk ratio [RRR], 0.985 [95 percent confidence interval {CI}, 0.978-0.991]). For the same $10,000 increase in debt, the probability of choosing teaching, research and administration was 3.1 percent lower than that for choosing private practice (RRR, 0.969 [95 percent CI, 0.954-0.986]) and was 8.4 percent lower than that for choosing a government service position (RRR, 0.916 [95 percent CI, 0.908-0.924]). Although educational debt was statistically significant for predicting intended activity after graduation, the magnitude of influence of other variables such as sex, race and whether a parent is a dentist was substantially larger. Practical Implications Concerns regarding rising educational debt and its effect on the dental labor market may be misplaced. The characteristics of the dental school student body may be a more accurate predictor of employment choices that dental school seniors are making than are total educational debt levels.

  5. 78 FR 283 - 2013 Rate Changes for the Basetime, Overtime, Holiday, and Laboratory Services Rates

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-01-03

    ... rate, plus the allowance for bad debt rate. The calculation for the 2013 basetime rate per hour per...)) = $28.36 + $8.96(benefits rate) + $.70 (travel and operating rate) + $17.15 (overhead rate) + $.01 (bad... travel and operating rate, plus the overhead rate, plus the allowance for bad debt rate. The calculation...

  6. 7 CFR 792.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... debts and claims. The late payment interest rate shall be determined as of the date a debt becomes... debt owed the Government, or any agency thereof. FSA means the Farm Service Agency of the United States..., data file, or similar record of debts owed to FSA, CCC, or any other Government Agency with respect to...

  7. New England's Disadvantaged Populations Struggle the Most with Student Debt Repayment

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Saas, Darcy Rollins

    2016-01-01

    Regularly reported statistics about high and growing student-loan debt levels, combined with increased rates of delinquency and default, have prompted calls to address the student-debt "crisis." For New England, with its highly educated population and large higher education industry, student-loan debt is an important economic policy…

  8. Issues 2016: Is There a Student Debt Crisis?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Eden, Max

    2016-01-01

    Student debt is a convenient target in a presidential election year, but it obscures the true crisis: high dropout rates from low-quality postsecondary institutions and the unmanageable debt borne by students of those institutions. And despite rising student debt, monthly loan payments as a share of income have remained steady, added earnings…

  9. Comparison of long-term financial implications for five veterinary career tracks.

    PubMed

    Gordon, Meg E; Lloyd, James W; Harris-Kober, Donna L

    2010-08-15

    To compare present values of expected income streams for 5 distinct veterinary medical career tracks. Present value model. AVMA survey data. Present values of expected income streams (net of debt repayment) were created and ranked. Sensitivity to each independent variable was assessed. Career present value at 34 years after graduation (CPV(34)) was highest for board-certified specialist (SP; $2,272,877), followed by practice owner (PO; $2,119,596), practice owner buying into practice after 10 years (PO-10; $1,736,333), SP working three-fourths time (SP3/4; $1,702,744), and general practitioner (GP; $1,221,131). Compared with CPV(34) for SP, other career tracks yielded values of 93.3% (PO), 76.4% (PO-10), 74.9% (SP3/4), and 53.7% (GP). The model was robust to debt, interest rate, loan term, and discount rate but was sensitive to mean starting incomes and mean incomes. Greatest return on time and money invested by a veterinary student is through practicing full-time as an SP or through being a PO. Being an SP or SP3/4 was substantially more lucrative than being a GP and was comparable to being a PO. Practice ownership and working as an SP3/4 may be options for balancing financial gain with free time. Specialty training and practice ownership may be career tracks with the best potential repayment options for veterinarians with a large educational debt. Regardless of the amount of debt, the type of practice, mean incomes in a particular field, personal lifestyle, and professional interests are important factors when deciding among career tracks.

  10. Letters of credit getting more expensive.

    PubMed

    Nemes, J

    1991-09-02

    Hospital executives who haven't been in the market recently for a new or renewed letter of credit will find it a more expensive way to back their variable-rate debt. Annual fees are surging, for reasons ranging from an international banking agreement that goes into effect next year to more conservative fee structures being instituted because of bad loans made by some banks in the past decade.

  11. Proton facility economics: the importance of "simple" treatments.

    PubMed

    Johnstone, Peter A S; Kerstiens, John; Richard, Helsper

    2012-08-01

    Given the cost and debt incurred to build a modern proton facility, impetus exists to minimize treatment of patients with complex setups because of their slower throughput. The aim of this study was to determine how many "simple" cases are necessary given different patient loads simply to recoup construction costs and debt service, without beginning to cover salaries, utilities, beam costs, and so on. Simple cases are ones that can be performed quickly because of an easy setup for the patient or because the patient is to receive treatment to just one or two fields. A "standard" construction cost and debt for 1, 3, and 4 gantry facilities were calculated from public documents of facilities built in the United States, with 100% of the construction funded through standard 15-year financing at 5% interest. Clinical best case (that each room was completely scheduled with patients over a 14-hour workday) was assumed, and a statistical analysis was modeled with debt, case mix, and payer mix moving independently. Treatment times and reimbursement data from the investigators' facility for varying complexities of patients were extrapolated for varying numbers treated daily. Revenue assumptions of $X per treatment were assumed both for pediatric cases (a mix of Medicaid and private payer) and state Medicare simple case rates. Private payer reimbursement averages $1.75X per treatment. The number of simple patients required daily to cover construction and debt service costs was then derived. A single gantry treating only complex or pediatric patients would need to apply 85% of its treatment slots simply to service debt. However, that same room could cover its debt treating 4 hours of simple patients, thus opening more slots for complex and pediatric patients. A 3-gantry facility treating only complex and pediatric cases would not have enough treatment slots to recoup construction and debt service costs at all. For a 4-gantry center, focusing on complex and pediatric cases alone, there would not be enough treatment slots to cover even 60% of debt service. Personnel and recurring costs and profit further reduce the business case for performing more complex patients. Debt is not variable with capacity. Absent philanthropy, financing a modern proton center requires treating a case load emphasizing simple patients even before operating costs and any profit are achieved. Copyright © 2012 American College of Radiology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  12. OFHEO S RISKBASED CAPITAL STRESS TEST: Incorporating New Business Is Not Advisable

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2002-06-01

    periods of losses and capital erosion can occur. Enterprise management can use callable debt12 and other financial instruments or strategies to mitigate...12Callable debt refers to financial debt instruments, such as bonds ... Bonds are usually called when interest rates fall so significantly that the issuer can save money by floating new bonds at lower rates. 13The act

  13. Third world debt Problem

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Munroe, T.

    The author examines key elements in the debt situation of a small number of developing countries which owe $600 billion to a small number of large banks in 10 industrialized countries. Most of the debt resides in Latin America. Shrinkage of the debt will also slow economic growth in these countries. Three solutions include purchase of the debt by an international agency, indexation of loan rates to inflation, and the preferred approach in which debtor countries slow their borrowing and adopt internal austerity programs that reduce trade deficits through reduced inflation and enhanced exports. Each of these approaches is amore » band-aid solution. The fundamental long-term solution is one where the world economy grows at a healthy rate with moderate inflation.« less

  14. 24 CFR 248.121 - Annual authorized return and aggregate preservation rents.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... for the project, assuming a market rate of interest and customary terms; (3) Debt service on the... rehabilitation loan for the project, assuming a market rate of interest and customary terms; (3) Debt service on... local governments and assuming market rate interest rates. ...

  15. Central bank interest rate decisions, household indebtedness, and psychiatric morbidity and distress: Evidence from the UK.

    PubMed

    Boyce, Christopher J; Delaney, Liam; Ferguson, Eamonn; Wood, Alex M

    2018-07-01

    Central banks set economy-wide interest rates to meet exclusively economic objectives. There is a strong link between indebtedness and psychiatric morbidity at the individual level, with interest rates being an important factor determining ability to repay debt. However, no prior research has explored whether central bank interest rate changes directly influence mental health, nor whether this varies by levels of indebtedness. We use British data (N = 93,255) to explore whether the Bank of England base-rate affected how perceived burden of non-mortgage debt (low, medium, and high) influenced psychiatric morbidity. Psychiatric morbidity was measured using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Our primary outcome measure was a binary indicator of "psychiatric caseness" (>3 on a 0-12 scale). We also used the GHQ-12 as a continuous measure of distress. When interest rates are high (low) there is an increased (decreased) risk of psychiatric morbidity only among those with a high debt burden (b = 0.026, p =  0.02). This result was robust to alternative explanations. Thus a 1 percentage point base-rate increase is associated with a 2.6% increase that someone with a high debt burden will experience psychiatric morbidity. Our study uses subjective indicators of debt burden. We were unable to determine the mechanism behind our effect. Changes in central bank interest rates to meet economic objectives pose a threat to mental health. Mental health support is needed for those in debt and central banks may need to consider how their decisions influence population mental health. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier B.V.

  16. Scale-invariant properties of public-debt growth

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Petersen, A. M.; Podobnik, B.; Horvatic, D.; Stanley, H. E.

    2010-05-01

    Public debt is one of the important economic variables that quantitatively describes a nation's economy. Because bankruptcy is a risk faced even by institutions as large as governments (e.g., Iceland), national debt should be strictly controlled with respect to national wealth. Also, the problem of eliminating extreme poverty in the world is closely connected to the study of extremely poor debtor nations. We analyze the time evolution of national public debt and find "convergence": initially less-indebted countries increase their debt more quickly than initially more-indebted countries. We also analyze the public debt-to-GDP ratio {\\cal R} , a proxy for default risk, and approximate the probability density function P({\\cal R}) with a Gamma distribution, which can be used to establish thresholds for sustainable debt. We also observe "convergence" in {\\cal R} : countries with initially small {\\cal R} increase their {\\cal R} more quickly than countries with initially large {\\cal R} . The scaling relationships for debt and {\\cal R} have practical applications, e.g. the Maastricht Treaty requires members of the European Monetary Union to maintain {\\cal R} < 0.6 .

  17. Iraq’s Debt Relief: Procedure and Potential Implications for International Debt Relief

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2009-01-26

    countries use different interest rates and levy different penalties for Iraq’s payment arrears . Hence, the debt owed to each creditor can grow at...REPORT DATE 26 JAN 2009 2. REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED 00-00-2009 to 00-00-2009 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Iraq’s Debt Relief: Procedure and...Potential Implications for International Debt Relief 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e

  18. Financial leases in the hospital industry. An analysis of California hospitals.

    PubMed

    McCue, M J

    1990-08-01

    Using California hospital data, this study examined the extent to which capital leases displace debt in the hospital industry. Moreover, it analyzed how hospital and financial variables affect utilization of lease financing. In contrast to the theoretic belief that lease financing displaces debt financing, the results showed a greater use of debt with leases. The study also found smaller, free-standing facilities with a greater investment in plant and equipment employed the lease option.

  19. Debt to Degree: A New Way of Measuring College Success. Charts You Can Trust

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Carey, Kevin; Dillon, Erin

    2011-01-01

    The American higher education system is plagued by two chronic problems: dropouts and debt. Barely half of the students who start college get a degree within six years, and graduation rates at less-selective colleges often hover at 25 percent or less. At the same time, student loan debt is at an all-time high, recently passing credit card debt in…

  20. A global synthesis of plant extinction rates in urban areas.

    PubMed

    Hahs, Amy K; McDonnell, Mark J; McCarthy, Michael A; Vesk, Peter A; Corlett, Richard T; Norton, Briony A; Clemants, Steven E; Duncan, Richard P; Thompson, Ken; Schwartz, Mark W; Williams, Nicholas S G

    2009-11-01

    Plant extinctions from urban areas are a growing threat to biodiversity worldwide. To minimize this threat, it is critical to understand what factors are influencing plant extinction rates. We compiled plant extinction rate data for 22 cities around the world. Two-thirds of the variation in plant extinction rates was explained by a combination of the city's historical development and the current proportion of native vegetation, with the former explaining the greatest variability. As a single variable, the amount of native vegetation remaining also influenced extinction rates, particularly in cities > 200 years old. Our study demonstrates that the legacies of landscape transformations by agrarian and urban development last for hundreds of years, and modern cities potentially carry a large extinction debt. This finding highlights the importance of preserving native vegetation in urban areas and the need for mitigation to minimize potential plant extinctions in the future.

  1. 7 CFR 4290.845 - Maximum rate of amortization on Loans and Debt Securities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... INVESTMENT COMPANY (âRBICâ) PROGRAM Financing of Enterprises by RBICs Structuring Rbic Financing of Eligible Enterprises-Types of Financings § 4290.845 Maximum rate of amortization on Loans and Debt Securities. The...

  2. 26 CFR 1.1274-4 - Test rate.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... any possible payment schedule. (d) Foreign currency loans. If all of the payments of a debt instrument are denominated in, or determined by reference to, a currency other than the U.S. dollar, the applicable Federal rate for the debt instrument is a foreign currency rate of interest that is analogous to...

  3. Can Profit Policy and Contract Incentives Improve Defense Contract Outcomes?

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2009-02-01

    required by investors. The weighted average cost of capital ( WACC ) is the standard financial statistic that weights the returns demanded by investors that...hold equity and investors that hold debt.6 Like FCFROIC, WACC is expressed as a percentage. Consequently, it is possible to compare these two...contractors include Lockheed, Raytheon, Northrop Grumman, and General Dynamics. 6 Mathematically, WACC = Debt/(Debt + Equity) × Debt Cost × (1-Tax Rate

  4. Three Essays in Applied Microeconomics

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Akers, Elizabeth J.

    2012-01-01

    In the first chapter, I measure the impact of student loan debt on young, college-educated workers' decisions regarding labor supply and enrollment in graduate school. I exploit variation in student loan debt driven by the formulas that determine Federal Student Aid in order to identify these effects. Instrumental variable estimates indicate…

  5. Prefrontal system dysfunction and credit card debt.

    PubMed

    Spinella, Marcello; Yang, Bijou; Lester, David

    2004-10-01

    Credit card use often involves a disadvantageous allocation of finances because they allow for spending beyond means and buying on impulse. Accordingly they are associated with increased bankruptcy, anxiety, stress, and health problems. Mounting evidence from functional neuroimaging and clinical studies implicates prefrontal-subcortical systems in processing financial information. This study examined the relationship of credit card debt and executive functions using the Frontal System Behavior Scale (FRSBE). After removing the influences of demographic variables (age, sex, education, and income), credit card debt was associated with the Executive Dysfunction scale, but not the Apathy or Disinhibition scales. This suggests that processes of conceptualizing and organizing finances are most relevant to credit card debt, and implicates dorsolateral prefrontal dysfunction.

  6. 12 CFR 370.3 - Debt Guarantee Program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ...(e)(1)(i) (excluding mandatory convertible debt), that was outstanding as of the close of business... eligible entities calculated on a pro forma basis as of the close of business September 30, 2008, absent... exchange rate in effect on the date that the debt is funded. (c) Calculation and reporting responsibility...

  7. 7 CFR 1951.227 - Protective advances.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... in the best interest of the government. For insurance, factors such as the amount of advance... the rate specified in the most recent debt instrument authorizing such an advance. (b) Protective... securing the debt owed to or insured by FmHA or its successor agency under Public Law 103-354 if the debt...

  8. 7 CFR 792.4 - Demand for payment of debts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ..., applicable interest, costs, and other charges; (2) FSA' intent to establish an account on a debt record 30... that time; (3) The applicable late payment interest rate. (i) If a late payment interest rate is... the date from which the late payment interest has been accruing; (ii) If a late payment interest rate...

  9. Predicting extinction debt from community patterns.

    PubMed

    Kitzes, Justin; Harte, John

    2015-08-01

    A significant challenge in both measuring and predicting species extinction rates at global and local scales is the possibility of extinction debt, time-delayed extinctions that occur gradually following an initial impact. Here we examine how relative abundance distributions and spatial aggregation combine to influence the likely magnitude of future extinction debt following habitat loss or climate-driven range contraction. Our analysis is based on several fundamental premises regarding abundance distributions, most importantly that species abundances immediately following habitat loss are a sample from an initial relative abundance distribution and that the long-term, steady-state form of the species abundance distribution is a property of the biology of a community and not of area. Under these two hypotheses, the results show that communities following canonical lognormal and broken-stick abundance distributions are prone to exhibit extinction debt, especially when species exhibit low spatial aggregation. Conversely, communities following a logseries distribution with a constant Fisher's α parameter never demonstrate extinction debt and often show an "immigration credit," in which species richness rises in the long term following an initial decrease. An illustration of these findings in 25 biodiversity hotspots suggests a negligible immediate extinction rate for bird communities and eventual extinction debts of 30-50% of initial species richness, whereas plant communities are predicted to immediately lose 5-15% of species without subsequent extinction debt. These results shed light on the basic determinants of extinction debt and provide initial indications of the magnitude of likely debts in landscapes where few empirical data are available.

  10. Student Loan Debt and Economic Outcomes. Current Policy Perspective No. 14-7

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Cooper, Daniel; Wang, J. Christina

    2014-01-01

    This policy brief advances the growing literature on how student loan debt affects individuals' other economic decisions. Specifically, it examines the impact of student loan liabilities on individuals' homeownership status and wealth accumulation. The analysis employs a rich set of financial and demographic control variables that are not…

  11. 16 CFR 1027.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... establishments that are entities of the Federal government. Certification means a written debt claim received... Government to which the debt is owed. Debt means an amount owed by a Federal employee to the United States... 5 U.S.C. 105, including the U.S. Postal Service and the U.S. Postal Rate Commission; a military...

  12. Parental Debt and Children's Socioemotional Well-being.

    PubMed

    Berger, Lawrence M; Houle, Jason N

    2016-02-01

    We estimated associations between total amount of parental debt and of home mortgage, student loan, automobile, and unsecured debt with children's socioemotional well-being. We used population-based longitudinal data from the National Longitudinal Study of Youth 1979 Cohort and Children of the National Longitudinal Study of Youth 1979 Cohort. Our analytic sample consisted of 29 318 child-year observations of 9011 children and their mothers observed annually or biennially from 1986 to 2008. We used the Behavioral Problems Index to measure socioemotional well-being. We used ordinary least squares regressions to estimate between-child associations of amounts and types of parental debt with socioemotional well-being, net of a host of control variables, and regressions with child-specific fixed effects to estimate within-child associations of changes in parental debt with changes in socioemotional well-being, net of all time-constant observed and unobserved confounders. Greater total debt was associated with poorer child socioemotional well-being. However, this association varied by type of debt. Specifically, higher levels of home mortgage and education debt were associated with greater socioemotional well-being for children, whereas higher levels of and increases in unsecured debt were associated with lower levels of and declines in child socioemotional well-being. Debt that allows for investment in homes (and perhaps access to better neighborhoods and schools) and parental education is associated with greater socioemotional well-being for children, whereas unsecured debt is negatively associated with socioemotional development, which may reflect limited financial resources to invest in children and/or parental financial stress. This suggests that debt is not universally harmful for children's well-being, particularly if used to invest in a home or education. Copyright © 2016 by the American Academy of Pediatrics.

  13. Mental health and debt collection: a story of progress? Exploring changes in debt collectors' attitudes and practices when working with customers with mental health problems, 2010-2016.

    PubMed

    Evans, Jamie; Fitch, Christopher; Collard, Sharon; Henderson, Claire

    2018-04-27

    In recent years, the UK debt collection industry has taken steps to improve its policies and practices in relation to customers with mental health problems. Little data, however, have been collected to evidence change. This paper examines whether the reported attitudes and practices of debt collection staff when working with customers with mental health problems have changed between 2010 and 2016. This paper draws on descriptive and regression analyses of two cross-sectional surveys of debt collection staff: one conducted in 2010 and one conducted in 2016. All variables analysed show statistically significant changes between 2010 and 2016 indicative of improved reported attitudes and practices. While results suggest an improvement in attitudes and practice may have occurred between 2010 and 2016, research is required to understand this potential shift, its likely causes, and concrete impact on customers.

  14. 7 CFR 765.404 - Transfer of security to and assumption of debt by ineligible applicants.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... lesser of the market value or unpaid debt. (e) Interest rate. The interest rate will be the Non-program interest rate in effect at the time of loan approval. (f) Loan terms. (1) For a Non-program loan secured by... loan rates and terms. (2) The Agency will reclassify the assumed loan as a Non-program loan. (b...

  15. Medical student debt at the Christchurch School of Medicine. The New Zealand Wellbeing, Intentions, Debt and Experiences (WIDE) survey of medical students pilot study. Results part I.

    PubMed

    Gill, D; Palmer, C; Mulder, R; Wilkinson, T

    2001-10-26

    To determine the level and sources of medical student debt at the Christchurch School of Medicine. A questionnaire, The New Zealand Wellbeing, Intentions, Debt, and Experiences (WIDE) Survey of Medical Students, was developed and administered to all 204 medical students at the Christchurch School of Medicine and Health Sciences. Included were questions on student demographics, sources and levels of debt, parental financial support, and student perceptions of their debt. The response rate was 88%. International students, whose debt was with an overseas government, and students with mortgages were excluded from the data analysis. The combined total debt for the remaining 165 students was $7775000 with $6290000 (81%) owed to the Government Students Loans scheme. One quarter of 6th year medical students had a debt over $83250, 50% had a debt over $70000, and 75% had a debt over $50000. Student allowances were inaccessible to 64% of 4th and 5th year students and part-time employment during term-time was common. Lack of funds was reported to impair full participation in the medical course. The majority of medical students at the Christchurch School of Medicine accumulate high levels of debt, mainly dtrough the Government Student Loans scheme, during their medical training.

  16. Analysis of capital spending and capital financing among large US nonprofit health systems.

    PubMed

    Stewart, Louis J

    2012-01-01

    This article examines the recent trends (2006 to 2009) in capital spending among 25 of the largest nonprofit health systems in the United States and analyzes the financing sources that these large nonprofit health care systems used to fund their capital spending. Total capital spending for these 25 nonprofit health entities exceeded $41 billion for the four-year period of this study. Less than 3 percent of total capital spending resulted in mergers and acquisition activities. Total annual capital spending grew at an average annual rate of 17.6 percent during the first three year of this study's period of analysis. Annual capital spending for 2009 fell by more than 22 percent over prior year's level due to the impact of widespread disruption in US tax-exempt variable rate debt markets. While cash inflow from long-term debt issues was a significant source of capital financing, this study's primary finding was that operating cash flow was the predominant source of capital spending funding. Key words: nonprofit, mergers and acquisitions (M&A), capital spending, capital financing.

  17. Finding funds under your nose with capital raising techniques.

    PubMed

    Harris, J P; Price, J B

    1988-07-01

    As competition increases and patient utilization and reimbursement decline, financial managers are faced with exhausted debt capacity and increasing needs for capital. It appears to be an impossible situation. However, techniques that create underlying value can be used to raise needed capital without jeopardizing a hospital's debt capacity and credit rating. These techniques--off-balance sheet financing, sale/leaseback of undervalued assets, sale or lease of existing services, and debt restructuring--create additional sources of capital without threatening future debt capacity.

  18. Do Community Characteristics Relate to Young Adult College Students' Credit Card Debt? The Hypothesized Role of Collective Institutional Efficacy.

    PubMed

    Friedline, Terri; West, Stacia; Rosell, Nehemiah; Serido, Joyce; Shim, Soyeon

    2017-03-01

    This study examines the extent of emergent, outstanding credit card debt among young adult college students and investigates whether any associations existed between this credit card debt and the characteristics of the communities in which these students grew up or lived. Using data (N = 748) from a longitudinal survey and merging community characteristics measured at the zip code level, we confirmed that a community's unemployment rate, average total debt, average credit score, and number of bank branch offices were associated with a young adult college student's acquisition and accumulation of credit card debt. For example, a community's higher unemployment rate and lower number of bank branches were associated with a young adult college student's greater accumulated debt. Community characteristics had the strongest associations with credit card debt, especially after controlling for individual characteristics (i.e., a young adult college student's race and financial independence) and familial characteristics (i.e., their parents' income and parents' discussions of financial matters while growing up at home). The findings may help to understand the unique roles that communities play in shaping children and young adults' financial capability, and how communities can be better capacitated to support the financial goals of their residents. © Society for Community Research and Action 2017.

  19. 41 CFR 105-55.016 - Interest, penalties, and administrative costs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Services Administration (GSA) will charge interest, penalties, and administrative costs on debts owed to.... (b) GSA will charge interest on debts owed the United States as follows: (1) Interest will accrue... contract, repayment agreement, or by statute, the rate of interest charged will be the rate established...

  20. Wall Street Alchemy.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Cobb, Brian T.; Hanna, John P.

    1998-01-01

    In the process of restructuring its debt and taking on additional debt, Franklin Pierce College (New Hampshire) accepted the consequences of a downgrade in its investment-grade rating. This resulted in a successful bond sale, with bonds carrying an insured single-A rating. Events leading up to the restructuring and credit issues considered by the…

  1. Anticipated debt and financial stress in medical students.

    PubMed

    Morra, Dante J; Regehr, Glenn; Ginsburg, Shiphra

    2008-01-01

    While medical student debt is increasing, the effect of debt on student well-being and performance remains unclear. As a part of a larger study examining medical student views of their future profession, data were collected to examine the role that current and anticipated debt has in predicting stress among medical students. A survey was administered to medical students in all four years at the University of Toronto. Of the 804 potential respondents across the four years of training, 549 surveys had sufficient data for inclusion in this analysis, for a response rate of 68%. Through multiple regression analysis, we evaluated the correlation between current and anticipated debt and financial stress. Although perceived financial stress correlates with both current and anticipated debt levels, anticipated debt was able to account for an additional 11.5% of variance in reported stress when compared to current debt levels alone. This study demonstrates a relationship between perceived financial stress and debt levels, and suggests that anticipated debt levels might be a more robust metric to capture financial burden, as it standardizes for year of training and captures future financial liabilities (future tuition and other future expenses).

  2. Patterns of financing for the largest hospital systems in the United States.

    PubMed

    Cleverley, William O; Baserman, Sarah Jane

    2005-01-01

    The ten large systems reviewed in this column have greater degrees of financial leverage than do most freestanding hospitals. Larger firms typically have both greater capital access and lower costs of financing. Both voluntary and IO systems make extensive use of variable rate financing, but the percentage of variable rate financing is slightly higher for voluntary systems. This difference may be attributable to larger yield curve spreads for tax-exempt versus taxable securities. Interest rate swaps were used by 70 percent of the systems, but the actual amount swapped was relatively minor. This may change in the future as financial officers become more comfortable and familiar with interest rate swap arrangements. When compared to IO systems, voluntary systems have extensive levels of cash relative to their debt positions. Cash balances are more critical in the bond-rating process for voluntary hospitals, and the ability to raise new equity is much more limited in the voluntary sector. Very little capital leasing was used in any of the systems.

  3. Concerns about Debt Hover over a Small College in Iowa

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Blumenstyk, Goldie

    2009-01-01

    By just about every objective measure, the $88-million in debt that Wartburg College has carried since late 2005 poses a risk. The college's debt load--twice the amount that it takes in annually from tuition and other revenue--has raised red flags with its accreditor, alarmed some faculty members, and left Wartburg with a credit rating just one…

  4. Fewer Resources, More Debt: Loan Debt Burdens Students at Historically Black Colleges and Universities

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Saunders, Katherine M.; Williams, Krystal L.; Smith, Cheryl L.

    2016-01-01

    Student loans have become an increasingly important way for students and their families to pay for college, but for students at historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs), student loan debt is a substantial burden. Students who attend these institutions--many of whom are low-income and first-generation--must borrow at higher rates and,…

  5. Institutional Determinants of American Undergraduate Student Debt

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Craig, J. Dean; Raisanen, Samuel R.

    2014-01-01

    Between 2005 and 2013, student loan debt in the US increased at a rate of 13.3 per cent per annum. This rise in collegiate student debt has become the focus of any number of new proposals and policies at both the state and national levels. While considering broad policies to stem this rising tide are admirable, they do little to help a graduating…

  6. Deeper in Debt: The Impact of the 1992 Reauthorization on Student Persistence. AIR 1999 Annual Forum Paper.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Cofer, James; Somers, Patricia

    This study examined effects of increased availability of undergraduate student loan funds under the Higher Education Act Amendments of 1992. It studied the effects of price variables and accumulated debt on student persistence decisions using data from the National Student Postsecondary Aid 1992-93 and 1995-96 Surveys. For two-year college…

  7. 7 CFR 792.10 - Late payment interest, penalty and administrative charges.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... State and local governments. Interest on debts owed by such entities shall be charged to the extent... debts. The late payment interest rate shall be equal to the higher of the Treasury Department's current... Prompt Payment Act was chosen as an alternative rate to ensure that the Government would recoup interest...

  8. 10 CFR 1015.212 - Interest, penalties and administrative costs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... interest, penalties and administrative costs on debts owed to the United States pursuant to 31 U.S.C. 3717... shall charge interest on debts owed the United States as follows: (1) Interest shall accrue from the..., repayment agreement, or by statute, the rate of interest charged shall be the rate established annually by...

  9. Educational Debt in the Context of Career Planning: A Qualitative Exploration of Medical Student Perceptions.

    PubMed

    Phillips, Julie P; Wilbanks, Deana M; Salinas, Diana F; Doberneck, Diane M

    2016-01-01

    Phenomenon: Medical students in the United States face increasing educational debt because medical education costs have risen while public investment in higher education has declined. Contemporary students borrow more money and accumulate debt far surpassing that of previous generations of physicians, and both interest rates and terms of loan repayment have changed significantly in the last decade. As a result, the experiences of medical students differ from the experiences of physician educators. Little is known about how contemporary medical students view their debt in the context of career planning. Understanding contemporary U.S. medical students' lived experiences of educational debt is important, because high debt levels may affect medical students' well-being and professional development. The study's purpose was to explore contemporary students' views of their debt in the context of career planning. In 2012, 2nd-year medical students enrolled in a health policy course at one medical school were invited to write an essay about how debt influences their career choices. The authors analyzed 132 essays using immersion and crystallization and iterative, team-based coding. Code-recode strategies, member checking, and reflexivity ensured validity and rigor. Three themes emerged about the meaning of debt: debt symbolizes lack of social investment, debt reinforces a sense of entitlement, and debt is a collective experience. Four approaches to debt management emerged: anticipation, avoidance, acceptance, and disempowerment. Insights: Medical students' views of debt are more complex than previously reported. Medical educators should recognize that many students experience debt as a stressor, acknowledge students' emotions about debt, and invite discussion about the culture of entitlement in medical education and how this culture affects students' professionalism. At the same time, educators should emphasize that students have many repayment options and that regardless of specialty choice, most physicians repay their debts without significant difficulty. Further exploration is needed of the relationships between the amount of debt owed, students' attitudes toward their debt, and other student characteristics. Because students experience debt in a range of ways, more nuanced approaches to understanding and reframing student perceptions of debt are necessary.

  10. 32 CFR 701.50 - Effect of the Debt Collection Act of 1982.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    .... 3717. DON activities should verify the current interest rate with respective finance and accounting... activities may submit the debt to respective finance and accounting offices for collection. ...

  11. Clinically Competent and Fiscally at Risk: Impact of Debt and Financial Parameters on the Surgical Resident.

    PubMed

    Tevis, Sarah E; Rogers, Andrew P; Carchman, Evie H; Foley, Eugene F; Harms, Bruce A

    2018-05-31

    While the costs of medical training continue to increase, surgeon income and personal financial decisions may be challenged to manage this expanding debt burden. We sought to characterize the financial liability, assets, income, and debt of surgical residents, and evaluate the necessity for additional financial training. All surgical trainees at a single academic center completed a detailed survey. Questions focused on issues related to debt, equity, cash flow, financial education, and fiscal parameters. Responses were used to calculate debt-to-asset and debt-to-income ratios. Predictors of moderate risk debt-to-asset ratio (0.5 to 0.9), high risk debt-to-asset ratio (≥0.9), and high risk debt-to-income ratio (>0.4) were evaluated. All analyses were performed in SPSS v.21. One hundred five trainees completed the survey (80% response rate), with 38% of respondents reporting greater than $200,000 in educational debt. Overall, 82% of respondents had a moderate or high risk debt-to-asset ratio. Residency program, year, sex, and perception of financial knowledge did not correlate with high risk debt-to-asset ratio. Residents with high debt-to-asset ratios were more likely to have a high level of concern about debt (52% vs 0%, p < 0.001) when compared with residents who had low debt-to-asset ratios. The majority (79%) of respondents felt strongly that inclusion of additional financial training in residency education is a critical need. In a climate of increasingly delayed financial gratification, surgical trainees are on critically unstable financial footing. There is a major gap in current surgical education that requires reassessment for the long-term financial health of residents. Copyright © 2018 American College of Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  12. Debt Collection: More Aggressive Action Needed To Collect Debts Owed by Health Professionals. United States General Accounting Office Report to the Honorable John R. Kasich, House of Representatives.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    General Accounting Office, Washington, DC.

    The General Accounting Office (GAO) reviewed and evaluated debt collection activities of five programs of the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) that provide financial assistance to health professions students and medical facilities. The principal findings include: (1) HRSA changes have improved delinquency rates; however, large…

  13. The Debt Burden of Bachelor's Degree Recipients. Stats in Brief. NCES 2017-436

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Velez, Erin Dunlop; Woo, Jennie H.

    2017-01-01

    As of May 2013, total outstanding student loan debt in the United States had reached $1.2 trillion, up from $1 trillion fewer than 18 months before. The growth in debt is due primarily to increases in both the rate of borrowing and the average amount borrowed, especially among graduates of 4-year institutions. In 1989-90, about half (51 percent)…

  14. The Burden of Borrowing: A Report on the Rising Rates of Student Loan Debt. The State PIRGs' Higher Education Project.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    King, Tracey; Bannon, Ellynne

    Data from the National Postsecondary Student Aid Study (NPSAS) (National Center for Education Statistics) show that the majority of students are turning to loans to finance college, and debt levels are escalating. Thirty-nine percent of student borrowers now graduate with unmanageable levels of debt, meaning that their monthly payments are more…

  15. 24 CFR 17.72 - Methods of collection and imposition of late charges.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    .... Where prejudgment interest is not mandated by statute, contract or regulation, the minimum rate of interest to be charged on delinquent debts is the Tax and Loan Account Rate for the U.S. Treasury (also... prejudgment interest will be collected if suit becomes necessary. When a debt is paid in installments and...

  16. Medlantic launches plan to regain A rating.

    PubMed

    Nemes, J

    1992-08-24

    By completing the first part of a two-part debt restructuring, Medlantic Healthcare Group has taken another step toward regaining the top-flight debt rating that it had as recently as three years ago. The effort comes one year after the hospital system overhauled its corporate structure to create a more efficient organization and shed itself of unprofitable operations.

  17. 77 FR 68886 - Rate for Use in Federal Debt Collection and Discount and Rebate Evaluation

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-11-16

    ... outstanding debts owed to the Government. Treasury's Cash Management Requirements (TFM Volume I, Part 6, Chapter 8000) prescribe use of this rate by agencies as a comparison point in evaluating the cost-effectiveness of a cash discount. In addition, 5 CFR 1315.8 of the Prompt Payment rule on ``Rebates'' requires...

  18. 76 FR 72498 - Rate for Use in Federal Debt Collection and Discount and Rebate Evaluation

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-11-23

    ... evaluating the cost-effectiveness of a cash discount. In addition, 5 CFR 1315.8 of the Prompt Payment rule on... interest charges for outstanding debts owed to the Government. Treasury's Cash Management Requirements (TFM...: The rate reflects the current value of funds to the Treasury for use in connection with Federal Cash...

  19. Relative Pricing of Publicly Traded U.S. Electric Utility Companies

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Jewczyn, Nicholas Stephen

    In the financial turmoil of 2008, U.S. firms reported debt-ratios that differed from the debt-ratios calculated from balance sheets. The problem is that investors bought common stock expecting initial investment return and lost money when companies delisted. The purpose of this quantitative study was to determine sample securities pricing with the application of synthetic assets and debt accrued. Addressed in the research questions was whether those securities were (a) underpriced compared with return-on-assets (ROA), (b) overpriced compared with ROA, (c) a debt-ratio higher than 60% and also overpriced, (d) underpriced with a synthetic asset added, or (e) related by relative pricing to variant pricing and market capitalization. The study's base theory was Pan's efficient market hypothesis (EMH) of security price prediction of market prices versus model prices. The data from the financial statements of 16 publicly traded U.S. electric utility companies were analyzed via correlations and multiple regression analyses to determine securities pricing and suitability. The findings from the analyses of the sample's variables of market price, book value, market-to-book, and study constructed variables from those variable data were statistically significant. The alternate hypotheses were accepted for all 5 research questions since the analytical operationalization of the hypothetical constructs led to significant relationships. Results suggest that the use of more pricing determinants in securities evaluation may lead to investors losing less money and earning the expected returns for a more efficient capital market, leading to a stronger economy and macroeconomic stability.

  20. "Responsibilizing" a healthy Britain: personal debt, employment, and welfare.

    PubMed

    Walker, Carl

    2011-01-01

    Growing evidence suggests that experiences of financial strain and over-indebtedness can contribute to problems of physical and mental health. This article contends that there is a need to carefully examine recent neoliberally informed symbolic and material transformations in the practices and experiences of employment, welfare, and subjectivity in order to provide an appropriately sophisticated analysis of experiences of debt and mental health. An illusion of economic growth has been based on increasing levels of often traumatic personal debt and a low-wage labor force compelled into increasingly problematic practices of employment. In recent years, a concerted neoliberal assault on subjectivity, modes of employment, minimum incomes, and practices of welfare governance has effectively constituted new forms of poverty and personal sustenance through deregulated sub-prime credit markets. The variable and multifunctional nature of personal debt has provided a substrate for neoliberal public policy by systematically reinforcing the development of a low-wage labor market and by representing a means through which to transfer collective risk into private responsibility. This article suggests that traditional ways of knowing and acting upon the mental and physical health difficulties associated with problems of debt and material deprivation fail to adequately acknowledge the political and economic role of personal debt growth.

  1. When the 'soft-path' gets hard: demand management and financial instability for water utilities

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zeff, H. B.; Characklis, G. W.

    2014-12-01

    In the past, cost benefit analysis (CBA) has been viewed as an effective means of evaluating water utility strategies, particularly those that were dependent on the construction of new supply infrastructure. As water utilities have begun to embrace 'soft-path' approaches as a way to reduce the need for supply-centric development, CBA fails to recognize some important financial incentives affected by reduced water consumption. Demand management, both as a short-term response to drought and in longer-term actions to accommodate demand growth, can introduce revenue risks that adversely affect a utility's ability to repay debt, re-invest in aging infrastructure, or maintain reserve funds for use in a short-term emergency. A utility that does not generate sufficient revenue to support these functions may be subject to credit rating downgrades, which in turn affect the interest rate it pays on its debt. Interest rates are a critical consideration for utility managers in the capital-intensive water sector, where debt payments for infrastructure often account for a large portion of a utility's overall costs. Even a small increase in interest rates can add millions of dollars to the cost of new infrastructure. Recent studies have demonstrated that demand management techniques can lead to significant revenue variability, and credit rating agencies have begun to take notice of drought response plans when evaluating water utility credit ratings, providing utilities with a disincentive to fully embrace soft-path approaches. This analysis examines the impact of demand management schemes on key credit rating metrics for a water utility in Raleigh, North Carolina. The utility's consumer base is currently experiencing rapid population growth, and demand management has the potential to reduce the dependence on costly new supply infrastructure but could lead to financial instability that will significantly increase the costs of financing future projects. This work analyzes how 'soft-path' approaches might be more efficiently integrated with investment in supply-side infrastructure and suggests how financial hedging tools could be used to improve long-term utility planning objectives.

  2. Debt crisis ahead for Irish medical students.

    PubMed

    Haugh, C; Doyle, B; O'Flynn, S

    2014-06-01

    Internationally medical student debt is a cause of concern. A survey of medical students in UCC (response rate of 191 representing 35% of the EU student cohort) reveals that 34 (26%) of direct entry medicine (DEM) students and 36 (61%) graduate entrants (GEM) have a loan with an anticipated average debt of Euro17,300 and Euro80,000 on graduation respectively. Fifty-three (90%) graduate entrants and 75 (57%) direct entrants revealed that they often worry about their current financial situation. Fifty-three (28%) of students have a part-time job and many were concerned about the degree to which this conflicted with their academic workload. 118 (89%) of school leavers and 48 (81%) graduates received financial assistance from their families to fund their college expenses. Student responses recommended the introduction of a government supported low interest rate loan and other incentives to help service high levels of debt associated with medical education.

  3. 75 FR 38557 - Application Nos. and Proposed Exemptions; D-11489, Morgan Stanley & Co., Incorporated; L-11609...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-07-02

    ...; (b) The term ``Auction Rate Security'' or ``ARS'' means a security: (1) That is either a debt... Securities (ARS). The applicant describes ARS and the arrangement by which ARS are bought and sold as follows. ARS are securities (issued as debt or preferred stock) with an interest rate or dividend that is reset...

  4. Rising levels of New Zealand medical student debt.

    PubMed

    Verstappen, Antonia; Poole, Phillippa

    2017-06-16

    There is little recent data on the debt levels accrued by New Zealand medical graduates. We aimed to quantify the level of student loan debt accrued by medical graduates upon completion of their medical degree, and to investigate the association of New Zealand Government Student Loan (GSL) debt with gender and age. At graduation each year from 2006-2015, students from one New Zealand medical programme were invited to complete a career intention survey that included information on levels of GSL debt and the number of income sources used. The overall response rate was 83.8%. On average, 92% of domestic students reported having some student loan debt, with 28% a debt of $90,000 or more. The proportion of students reporting a student loan debt of $90,000 or more increased over the period of the study (P<0.0001). While older students were more likely to have a larger student loan debt than younger students, there was no difference in debt levels by gender. Students with larger student loans were more likely to rely on a larger number of financial sources to fund their studies. New Zealand medical students are carrying higher levels of student loan debt year on year. The effect of this on the future medical workforce is not certain; however, this could be negative if graduates choose to enter careers that are more highly paid over areas of high need. The full impact of large loans on individuals and the health system will take years to determine.

  5. Household Debt and Relation to Intimate Partner Violence and Husbands' Attitudes Toward Gender Norms: A Study Among Young Married Couples in Rural Maharashtra, India

    PubMed Central

    Donta, Balaiah; Dasgupta, Anindita; Ghule, Mohan; Battala, Madhusudana; Nair, Saritha; Silverman, Jay G.; Jadhav, Arun; Palaye, Prajakta; Saggurti, Niranjan; Raj, Anita

    2015-01-01

    Objective Evidence has linked economic hardship with increased intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration among males. However, less is known about how economic debt or gender norms related to men's roles in relationships or the household, which often underlie IPV perpetration, intersect in or may explain these associations. We assessed the intersection of economic debt, attitudes toward gender norms, and IPV perpetration among married men in India. Methods Data were from the evaluation of a family planning intervention among young married couples (n=1,081) in rural Maharashtra, India. Crude and adjusted logistic regression models for dichotomous outcome variables and linear regression models for continuous outcomes were used to examine debt in relation to husbands' attitudes toward gender-based norms (i.e., beliefs supporting IPV and beliefs regarding male dominance in relationships and the household), as well as sexual and physical IPV perpetration. Results Twenty percent of husbands reported debt. In adjusted linear regression models, debt was associated with husbands' attitudes supportive of IPV (b=0.015, p=0.004) and norms supporting male dominance in relationships and the household (b=0.006, p=0.003). In logistic regression models adjusted for relevant demographics, debt was associated with perpetration of physical IPV (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1, 1.9) and sexual IPV (AOR=1.6, 95% CI 1.1, 2.1) from husbands. These findings related to debt and relation to IPV were slightly attenuated when further adjusted for men's attitudes toward gender norms. Conclusion Findings suggest the need for combined gender equity and economic promotion interventions to address high levels of debt and related IPV reported among married couples in rural India. PMID:26556938

  6. Household Debt and Relation to Intimate Partner Violence and Husbands' Attitudes Toward Gender Norms: A Study Among Young Married Couples in Rural Maharashtra, India.

    PubMed

    Reed, Elizabeth; Donta, Balaiah; Dasgupta, Anindita; Ghule, Mohan; Battala, Madhusudana; Nair, Saritha; Silverman, Jay G; Jadhav, Arun; Palaye, Prajakta; Saggurti, Niranjan; Raj, Anita

    2015-01-01

    Evidence has linked economic hardship with increased intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration among males. However, less is known about how economic debt or gender norms related to men's roles in relationships or the household, which often underlie IPV perpetration, intersect in or may explain these associations. We assessed the intersection of economic debt, attitudes toward gender norms, and IPV perpetration among married men in India. Data were from the evaluation of a family planning intervention among young married couples (n=1,081) in rural Maharashtra, India. Crude and adjusted logistic regression models for dichotomous outcome variables and linear regression models for continuous outcomes were used to examine debt in relation to husbands' attitudes toward gender-based norms (i.e., beliefs supporting IPV and beliefs regarding male dominance in relationships and the household), as well as sexual and physical IPV perpetration. Twenty percent of husbands reported debt. In adjusted linear regression models, debt was associated with husbands' attitudes supportive of IPV (b=0.015, p=0.004) and norms supporting male dominance in relationships and the household (b=0.006, p=0.003). In logistic regression models adjusted for relevant demographics, debt was associated with perpetration of physical IPV (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1, 1.9) and sexual IPV (AOR=1.6, 95% CI 1.1, 2.1) from husbands. These findings related to debt and relation to IPV were slightly attenuated when further adjusted for men's attitudes toward gender norms. Findings suggest the need for combined gender equity and economic promotion interventions to address high levels of debt and related IPV reported among married couples in rural India.

  7. Effective treatment of perinatal depression for women in debt and lacking financial empowerment in a low-income country

    PubMed Central

    Rahman, Atif; Sikander, Siham; Malik, Abid; Ahmed, Ikhlaque; Tomenson, Barbara; Creed, Francis

    2012-01-01

    Background Poverty may moderate the effect of treatment of depression in low-income countries. Aims To assess poverty and lack of empowerment as moderators of a cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT)-based intervention for perinatal depression in rural Pakistan. Method Using secondary analysis of data from a randomised controlled trial (trial registration: ISRCTN65316374) we identified predictors of depression at 1-year follow-up and moderators of the intervention (n = 791). Results Predictors of follow-up depression included household debt, the participant not being empowered to manage household finance and the interaction terms for these variables with the trial arm. Effect sizes for women with and without household debt were 0.80 and 0.55 respectively. The effect size for women in debt and not empowered financially was 0.94 compared with 0.50 for women with neither of these factors. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate the importance of household debt and lack of financial empowerment of women as important maintaining factors of depression in low-income countries and our locally developed intervention tackled these problems successfully. PMID:23137731

  8. Effective treatment of perinatal depression for women in debt and lacking financial empowerment in a low-income country.

    PubMed

    Rahman, Atif; Sikander, Siham; Malik, Abid; Ahmed, Ikhlaque; Tomenson, Barbara; Creed, Francis

    2012-12-01

    Poverty may moderate the effect of treatment of depression in low-income countries. To assess poverty and lack of empowerment as moderators of a cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT)-based intervention for perinatal depression in rural Pakistan. Using secondary analysis of data from a randomised controlled trial (trial registration: ISRCTN65316374) we identified predictors of depression at 1-year follow-up and moderators of the intervention (n = 791). Predictors of follow-up depression included household debt, the participant not being empowered to manage household finance and the interaction terms for these variables with the trial arm. Effect sizes for women with and without household debt were 0.80 and 0.55 respectively. The effect size for women in debt and not empowered financially was 0.94 compared with 0.50 for women with neither of these factors. Our findings demonstrate the importance of household debt and lack of financial empowerment of women as important maintaining factors of depression in low-income countries and our locally developed intervention tackled these problems successfully.

  9. Guaranteeing OB rates to reduce bad debts.

    PubMed

    Sheahan, E T

    1978-01-01

    In an effort to reduce its obstetrical department's "bad debt ratio", St. Margaret's Hospital, Spring Valley, IL, has instituted a program of guaranteed rates for maternity patients. Both patients and the hospital benefit--patients from knowing what they will have to pay and doing so in advance, and the hospital from greater security about payment. Therefore, St. Margaret's has high hopes for the plan's success.

  10. 76 FR 79379 - Risk-Based Capital Guidelines: Market Risk; Alternatives to Credit Ratings for Debt and...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-12-21

    ... play a critical ``gatekeeper'' role in the debt markets and perform evaluative and analytical services... assessments for fee-paying clients, nor does it provide the sort of evaluative and analytical services as...

  11. Argentina’s Defaulted Sovereign Debt: Dealing with the Holdouts

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2010-02-17

    both the 110th and 111th Congress, but to date it has not received any legislative action. Nearly five years after the original debt workout , however...access to the international credit markets. Historically, sovereign debt workouts with at least a 90% participation rate have achieved this goal. Since...4 Paul Blustein, And the Money Kept Rolling in (And Out): Wall Street , The IMF, and the Bankrupting of Argentina. (New York: Public Affairs, 2005

  12. Survey of emergency medicine resident debt status and financial planning preparedness.

    PubMed

    Glaspy, Jeffrey N; Ma, O John; Steele, Mark T; Hall, Jacqueline

    2005-01-01

    Most resident physicians accrue significant financial debt throughout their medical and graduate medical education. The objective of this study was to analyze emergency medicine resident debt status, financial planning actions, and educational experiences for financial planning and debt management. A 22-item questionnaire was sent to all 123 Accreditation Council on Graduate Medical Education-accredited emergency medicine residency programs in July 2001. Two follow-up mailings were made to increase the response rate. The survey addressed four areas of resident debt and financial planning: 1) accrued debt, 2) moonlighting activity, 3) financial planning/debt management education, and 4) financial planning actions. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. Survey responses were obtained from 67.4% (1,707/2,532) of emergency medicine residents in 89 of 123 (72.4%) residency programs. Nearly one half (768/1,707) of respondents have accrued more than 100,000 dollars of debt. Fifty-eight percent (990/1,707) of all residents reported that moonlighting would be necessary to meet their financial needs, and more than 33% (640/1,707) presently moonlight to supplement their income. Nearly one half (832/1,707) of residents actively invested money, of which online trading was the most common method (23.3%). Most residents reported that they received no debt management education during residency (82.1%) or medical school (63.7%). Furthermore, 79.1% (1,351/1,707) of residents reported that they received no financial planning lectures during residency, although 84.2% (1,438/1,707) reported that debt management and financial planning education should be available during residency. Most emergency medicine residency programs do not provide their residents with financial planning education. Most residents have accrued significant debt and believe that more financial planning and debt management education is needed during residency.

  13. Defense Department Profit and Contract Finance Policies and Their Effects on Contract and Contractor Performance

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2008-02-01

    liabilities (e.g., accounts payable). This ratio can be compared to the firm’s weighted average cost of capital ( WACC ). WACC is the cost of debt plus the cost...RatioCost of Debt Marginal Tax Rate Risk-Free Rate Cost of Equity Risk Premium Industry Beta WACC Technical Risk CPFF/CPAF …. FFP/ MYP - Contract Choice...estimates the levered WACC as the discount rate, and finally calculates the NPV of the contract. Specific model input includes profit policy levers

  14. Trends in gender, employment, salary, and debt of graduates of US veterinary medical schools and colleges.

    PubMed

    Chieffo, Carla; Kelly, Alan M; Ferguson, James

    2008-09-15

    To characterize trends in gender, employment, starting salaries, and educational debt of graduates of US veterinary medical schools and colleges from 1988 to 2007. Meta-analysis. Sample Population-Veterinary medical graduates from 26 or 27 of 27 US veterinary schools and colleges from 1988 through 2007. Data were obtained from surveys published in the JAVMA. A chi2 test for trend was used to analyze trends in choices of employment and educational indebtedness for the veterinary graduate populations over time. The greatest changes in employment occurred in predominantly large animal practice, which attracted 10.7% of new graduates in 1989 but only 2.2% in 2007, and in advanced study, which attracted 15.2% of new graduates in 1989 and 36.8% in 2007. In 2007, 75% of graduates were women, but this gender shift was not associated with the decline in the percentage of graduates entering rural practice. From 1989 through 2007, starting salaries in private practice increased at a rate of 4.60%/y. During the same period, educational debt increased at an annual rate of 7.36%, or 60% higher than the rate of increases for starting salaries. As a result, debt at graduation increased from 1.1 times the starting salary in 1989 to 2.0 times the starting salary in 2007. Veterinary students are now more in debt than they have ever been. This trend together with a substantial increase in the rate of interest charged for government-backed education loans create conditions for new graduates that appear unsustainable.

  15. 49 CFR Schedule D to Subpart B of... - Schedule D to Subpart B of Part 1139

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    .... (b) 21Long-term debt due after 1 yr Sch. 101, L. 24, col. (b) 22Long-term debt due within 1 yr 1 Sch. 101, L. 15 23Long-term debt due after 1 yr 1 Sch. 101, L. 24 24Owners' equity Sch. 101, L. 38 + L. 41... + L. 21) ÷ (L. 20 + L. 21 + L. 24) 35Working capital L. 18—L. 19 36Rate of return on owned and leased...

  16. An Examination of United States Navy Leasing: Lessons from the MPS/T-5 Experience

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2004-12-01

    issued by the FFB to the Deal’s special purpose entities. These bonds were not callable -- the FFB required that if the bonds were redeemed early, they...year) bonds purchased by the FFB. All debt funds flowed directly to the FFB, which held a mortgage on the vessel to secure the debt. • Delivery...debt/Owner-Participant equity ratio applied. Used 6% based on the average yield on 20-year Treasury bonds . Discount Rate Used 10% based on DoD

  17. A research on personal credit rating under big-data

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chen, Yong; Nie, Erbao; Chen, Shaozhen

    2018-04-01

    Solvency mainly discover the availability and fluctuations of one's cashflow, to reveal the reasons for one's balance and future trends, as well as to determine one's ability to obtain funds to repay debt and the flow Release space. the intention to repay reflects the debtor's decision which is made after weighting the benefits and cost of repaying the principal and interest. examining the repaying willingness reveals the debtor's passion to repay the outstanding obligations and the new debt, then based on which we can determine the security of principal and interest payment. risk preference is to examine individual's exact demand for credit, and the adjusting degree between the demand and the solvency, to derive the agent cost and the coverage rate of the new-issued debt.

  18. Efficiency or speculation? A time-varying analysis of European sovereign debt

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ferreira, Paulo

    2018-01-01

    The outbreak of the Greek debt crisis caused turmoil in European markets and drew attention to the problem of public debt and its consequences. The increase in the return rates of sovereign debts was one of these consequences. However, like any other asset, sovereign debt returns are expected to have a memoryless behaviour. Analysing a total of 15 European countries (Eurozone and non-Eurozone), and applying a time-varying analysis of the Hurst exponent, we found evidence of long-range memory in sovereign bonds. When analysing the spreads between each bond and the German one, it is possible to conclude that Eurozone countries' spreads show more evidence of long-range dependence. Considering the Eurozone countries most affected by the Eurozone crisis, that long-range dependence is more evident, but started before the crisis, which could be interpreted as possible speculation by investors.

  19. Student debt amongst junior doctors in New Zealand; part 1: quantity, distribution, and psychosocial impact.

    PubMed

    Moore, James; Gale, Jesse; Dew, Kevin; Davie, Gabrielle

    2006-02-17

    To quantify student debt owed by first-year house officers at graduation, and to describe the effects of student debt on their lives. A questionnaire was sent was to all 296 New Zealand-graduate first-year house officers practicing in New Zealand. The survey included questions on demographics, level of debt, student support received, repayment since graduation, psychosocial and financial impact of debt, and career intentions. The response rate was 53%. Ninety-two percent of respondents had some form of student debt, with 85% having a government student loan. The average total debt from all sources (excluding mortgages) at graduation was NZ65,206 dollars. Seventy-five percent of respondents owed more than 50,000 dollars and 13% had owed more than 100,000 dollars. Eighty-eight percent of respondents reported increased levels of stress as a result of their student loan, with 31% reporting that they worried about their student loan 'often' or 'always'. Eighty-three percent reported that their student loan had made it more difficult to save for their future, such as for a house deposit or for their retirement, and 42% stated that their student loan debt had influenced their decision whether to have children (or more children). Student debt has a major negative impact on the lives of house officers in New Zealand. These data provide a baseline for studying how changes in medical education affect junior doctors.

  20. 13 CFR 108.50 - Definition of terms.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ..., management, contract, or otherwise, are under the Control of one group or Person. Two or more NMVC companies... that the non-rated debt instrument is equivalent in risk to the issuer's investment grade debt... NMVC Company; (ii) A Control Person, employee or agent of a Partnership NMVC Company; (iii) A managing...

  1. 13 CFR 108.50 - Definition of terms.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ..., management, contract, or otherwise, are under the Control of one group or Person. Two or more NMVC companies... that the non-rated debt instrument is equivalent in risk to the issuer's investment grade debt... NMVC Company; (ii) A Control Person, employee or agent of a Partnership NMVC Company; (iii) A managing...

  2. 7 CFR 4290.50 - Definition of terms.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... ownership, management, contract, or otherwise, are under the Control of one group or Person. Two or more... stating that the non-rated debt instrument is equivalent in risk to the issuer's investment grade debt..., director, employee or agent of a Corporate RBIC; (ii) A Control Person, employee or agent of a Partnership...

  3. 13 CFR 108.50 - Definition of terms.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ..., management, contract, or otherwise, are under the Control of one group or Person. Two or more NMVC companies... that the non-rated debt instrument is equivalent in risk to the issuer's investment grade debt... NMVC Company; (ii) A Control Person, employee or agent of a Partnership NMVC Company; (iii) A managing...

  4. 13 CFR 108.50 - Definition of terms.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ..., management, contract, or otherwise, are under the Control of one group or Person. Two or more NMVC companies... that the non-rated debt instrument is equivalent in risk to the issuer's investment grade debt... NMVC Company; (ii) A Control Person, employee or agent of a Partnership NMVC Company; (iii) A managing...

  5. 32 CFR 1697.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... of the federal government. Creditor agency means the agency to which the debt is owed. Debt means an... agency as is defined at 5 U.S.C. 105 including the U.S. Postal Service and the U.S. Postal Rate... of real or personal property, overpayments, penalties, damages, interests, fines, forfeitures (except...

  6. 47 CFR 1.1940 - Assessment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... charge interest, penalties, and administrative costs on debts owed to the United States pursuant to 31 U... parties' agreement to waive notice. (b) The Commission shall charge interest on debts owed the United... interest charged shall be the rate established annually by the Treasury in accordance with 31 U.S.C. 3717...

  7. Debt Dilemma

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Stewart, Pearl

    2012-01-01

    Recent reports point to soaring student loan debt and high rates of default as impediments to financial security for millions of Americans. A number of colleges and universities have addressed the issue with initiatives ranging from financial fixes to bold new models of higher education. The Institute for College Access and Success (TICAS)…

  8. Student Loans, Financial Stress, and College Student Retention

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Britt, Sonya L.; Ammerman, David Allen; Barrett, Sarah F.; Jones, Scott

    2017-01-01

    This study examined a sample of 2,475 undergraduate students to determine the influence of financial stress, debt loads, and financial counseling on retention rates. Results indicate, among other findings, that financial stress contributes to an increased likelihood of discontinuing college. Self-reported student loan debt contributes to an…

  9. The Effects of State Funding on Property Tax Rates and School Construction

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Plummer, Elizabeth

    2006-01-01

    In response to concerns over funding for school construction, the state of Texas has implemented two programs to assist school districts with construction-related debt. This paper examines whether these programs have accomplished their objectives of reducing property taxes (the Existing Debt Allotment (EDA) program) and increasing capital outlays…

  10. 48 CFR 32.608-2 - Interest credits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... following procedures: (1) Interest at the rate under 52.232-17 shall be charged on the reduced debt from the... REQUIREMENTS CONTRACT FINANCING Contract Debts 32.608-2 Interest credits. (a) An equitable interest credit... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Interest credits. 32.608-2...

  11. 26 CFR 1.988-6 - Nonfunctional currency contingent payment debt instruments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... accrued but unpaid interest is translated into functional currency at the same rate used, in each of the... 26 Internal Revenue 10 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Nonfunctional currency contingent payment debt... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Export Trade Corporations § 1.988-6 Nonfunctional currency...

  12. Unemployment Insurance Fund Insolvency and Debt in Michigan.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Blaustein, Saul J.

    Without changes in Michigan's unemployment insurance law, the state's unemployment insurance debt will probably reach $3.8 billion by the end of 1985. Currently, Michigan's employers pay unemployment insurance tax rates that vary from 1 to 9 percent, depending upon the amount of benefits charged against their accounts. Beginning with the federal…

  13. Colleges Turn to Debt To Finance Their Ambitions.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    van der Werf, Martin

    1999-01-01

    With interest rates low and endowment returns high, many colleges and universities are borrowing more than ever. This increasing reliance on bond issues and deficit spending will work if the economy remains strong. Investors appear to be eager to invest in private institutions. Colleges with more aggressive boards are using debt to reposition…

  14. The decision process used for hospital bond rating--and its implications.

    PubMed Central

    Cleverley, W O; Nutt, P C

    1984-01-01

    Investigation of the process of hospital bond rating related the ratings assigned by Moody's and Standard and Poors to indicators of hospital financial condition (such as debt per bed and peak debt coverage), institutional factors (including size, occupancy, and local market competition), indenture provisions (such as reserves), and contextual factors. The criteria used by Moody's and Standard and Poors to rate hospital bonds were revealed to be similar, but not identical. Criteria used in the bond rating process have several important implications: the rating approach provides strong financial incentives for increases in hospital size and complexity, for example, and hospitals that rely on extensive amounts of public financing appear to be penalized in the rating process. PMID:6500959

  15. On dynamics in a Keynesian model of monetary stabilization policy with debt effect

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Asada, Toichiro; Demetrian, Michal; Zimka, Rudolf

    2018-05-01

    In this paper, a four-dimensional model of flexible prices with the central bank's stabilization policy, describing the development of the firms' private debt, the output, the expected rate of inflation and the rate of interest is analyzed. Questions concerning the existence of limit cycles around its normal equilibrium point are investigated. The bifurcation equation is found. The formulae for the calculation of its coefficients are gained. A numerical example is presented by means of numerical simulations.

  16. Factors Influencing Resident Choice of Prosthodontic Residency Program.

    PubMed

    Wojnarwsky, Pandora Keala Lee; Wang, Yan; Shah, Kumar; Koka, Sreenivas

    2017-06-01

    The decision by prosthodontic residency program directors to employ the Match process highlights the need to understand applicant priorities that influence their choice of which programs to rank highly. The purpose of this study is to determine the factors that were most important to residents when choosing from among nonmilitary based prosthodontics dental residency programs in the United States. Following completion of a pilot study, all currently enrolled prosthodontic residents at nonmilitary residency programs were invited to participate via the internet. The study consisted of a survey instrument asking residents to rank 26 possible factors that might impact an applicant's choice of residency program. In addition, the instrument collected other possible influencing variables including gender and debt load. Mean rank scores were compared to determine the most and least important factors. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare specific factors between the possible influencing variables. Two hundred and thirty residents completed the survey instrument, representing a 54.1% response rate of possible participants. With regard to factors influencing program choice, reputation of the residency program was the factor ranked the highest by participants, followed in descending order by the program director's personality, curriculum content, access to use of the latest digital technology, and opportunities for dental implant placement. Quality of schools for children, community outreach opportunities, and the ability to moonlight were ranked as the least important factors. Male and female residents ranked factors such as tuition/stipend, curriculum content, and community outreach opportunities significantly differently. Depending on debt load, residents ranked the factors tuition/stipend, ability to moonlight, curriculum content, and safety of the area where the program is differently. Current prosthodontic residents valued the reputation of the program as the most important factor when applying to residency. Participant gender and debt load influence the factors chosen by residents as more or less important. These data will assist prosthodontic educators position their programs in the best possible light to attract applicants to their programs. © 2017 by the American College of Prosthodontists.

  17. The sleep of healthy people--a diary study

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Monk, T. H.; Buysse, D. J.; Rose, L. R.; Hall, J. A.; Kupfer, D. J.

    2000-01-01

    To provide baseline data for various research studies at the University of Pittsburgh over a 10-year period, 266 healthy subjects (144 male, 122 female, aged 20-50 years) meeting certain criteria each completed a 14-night sleep diary. For each night, the diary allowed the subjective measurement of bedtime, wake time, time in bed (TIB), sleep efficiency, number of minutes of wake after sleep onset (WASO), alertness on awakening, and percentage of morning needing an alarm (or a person functioning as one). Weeknight versus weekend night differences in TIB (TIBdiff), weekday altertness, and reliance on alarms were examined as possible indicators of sleep debt. In addition, general descriptive data were tabulated. On average, bedtimes were at 23:48 and wake times at 07:23, yielding a mean TIB of 7 hours 35 minutes. As expected, bedtimes and wake times were later on weekend nights than on weeknights. Bedtimes were 26 minutes later, wake times 53 minutes later, yielding a mean weekend TIB increase of 27 minutes. Overall, subjects perceived their sleep latency to be 10.5 minutes, reported an average of one awakening during the night (with an average of 6.4 minutes of WASO), had a diary sleep efficiency of 96.3%, and awoke with an alterness rating of 69.5%. These variables differed little between weeknight and weekend nights. Subjects used an alarm (or a person functioning as an alarm) on 60.9% nights overall, 68.3% on weeknights, 42.5% on weekends. When TIBdiff was used as an estimate of sleep debt (comparing subjects with TIBdiff > 75 minutes with those with a TIBdiff < 30 minutes), the group with more "catch-up sleep" on weekends had shorter weeknight TIB durations (by about 24 minutes) and relied more on an alarm for weekday waking (by about 22%), indicating the possible utility of these variables as sleep debt indices.

  18. Transfers to the old, government debt and demographic change.

    PubMed

    Verbon, H A

    1990-01-01

    "In this paper we take the view that policy makers...take the relationship between (explicit) intergenerational transfer systems (including public pension schemes) and government deficits into account. It is assumed that policy makers are behaving altruistically towards past and future generations. Given the behavioral model, an analysis is made of the effects of demographic changes (such as the 'baby-boom' of the 1940s and 1950s and the decline of birth rates in the 1970s) on the decisions to be taken with respect to the tax rate of the public pension system and the size of government debt. From the analysis it appears that, with the assumption of altruistic decision-makers, periods of increasing or decreasing debt can occur alternately in periods of demographic change." The geographical focus is on developed countries. excerpt

  19. Transfer of financial risk and alternative financing solutions.

    PubMed

    Levitt, Jeffrey C

    2004-01-01

    The high cost of health care in the United States has created a number of alarming economic and social problems. It has contributed to a greater number of underinsured and uninsured individuals living in the United States, and forced people to either ration or not purchase the care they need. Accumulated medical debt is grossly disproportionate to the US median AGI, and accounted for at least 25 percent of all personal bankruptcies. For patients, a guaranteed loan program specifically for medical procedures and treatments with below market interest rates would help alleviate bankruptcies related to medical debt by lowering payments and extending the loan maturities. A guaranteed loan program would also improve the debt charge-off rate for medical providers that carry patient receivables and reduce the risk of their balance sheets. This might hold or reduce the rate at which health care inflation grows. The health care loan program could model the current student loan programs and produce significant economic and societal benefits.

  20. Taking the pulse: medical student workforce intentions and the impact of debt.

    PubMed

    Perry, William R G; Wilkinson, Tim J

    2010-07-16

    To define what factors are important to medical students as they make decisions about where they will live, work and train after graduation, and to explore the effects of student debt A mixed quantitative-qualitative questionnaire to all 5th and 6th year medical students residing in New Zealand in 2008. Questions related to students' perspectives of the workforce, debt, and workforce intentions. 372 medical students completed the survey (55% response rate from those in NZ at the time of the survey). Fifty-two percent of students planned to leave New Zealand at the start of PGY2 or 3. The average debt was $75,752. Thirty-six percent said their debt would influence their choice of vocation, 39% their choice of location of work in New Zealand and 64% their choice of locality of work in the world. Twenty-six percent and 25% believed that they would be valued by the hospital management and government respectively. Students most commonly cited financial incentives to work overseas and to locum. Strategies to counter emigration trends in the New Zealand health workforce need an holistic approach. Debt levels need to be countered, and the perceived lack of value of graduates needs to be rectified.

  1. Warren Recommendation on Student Debt: What Will Work to Help America's Students?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Gross, Karen

    2014-01-01

    U.S. Sen. Elizabeth Warren has had concerns about student debt for decades. Her recent solution seeks to redistribute tax revenue from the richest Americans to enable students to refinance their postgraduation indebtedness; this would allow students to benefit from the low interest rates in today's financial markets. The Massachusetts…

  2. 7 CFR 4274.308 - Eligibility requirements-Ultimate recipients.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... making a loan to one of its members. (c) Any delinquent debt to the Federal Government by the ultimate... authority to incur the debt and carry out the purpose of the loan. (b) To be eligible to receive loans from... rates and terms. (4) Must, along with its principal officers (including their immediate family), hold no...

  3. Dental student debt.

    PubMed

    Mannion, H; Bedi, R

    1995-09-01

    The aim of this investigation is to provide information about the financial status of dental students enrolled on the Bachelor of Dental Surgery degree course at the University of Birmingham. All undergraduate dental students enrolled during the academic year 1993-94 were asked to participate in the study. The pre-tested questionnaire, which was given to all students, covered personal details, expenditure levels, income, loans, overdrafts, use of government schemes ('top-up loans'), and so on. The questionnaire was completed by 115 dental students (response rate 47%). The results showed that dental students' debts increased each year throughout the course. A top-up loan (range 700 Pounds-850 Pounds) had been taken out by 36% of students. The financial status of 9% of students was severe enough to warrant their eligibility for awards from access funds. Credit cards were possessed by 52% of the surveyed students, and although only half of these owed money, 22% owed between 500 Pounds and 2000 Pounds. Personal overdrafts were held by 56% of respondents. A total of 17% of students engaged in weekly part-time employment. The average debt for final year students was 1200 Pounds. Dental students' estimates of the level of debt they were likely to incur was greater than the actual debt presently experienced by final year students. In conclusion, this preliminary study showed that most dental students incur debt during their undergraduate course and that this debt increases during the course.

  4. Proton beam therapy and accountable care: the challenges ahead.

    PubMed

    Elnahal, Shereef M; Kerstiens, John; Helsper, Richard S; Zietman, Anthony L; Johnstone, Peter A S

    2013-03-15

    Proton beam therapy (PBT) centers have drawn increasing public scrutiny for their high cost. The behavior of such facilities is likely to change under the Affordable Care Act. We modeled how accountable care reform may affect the financial standing of PBT centers and their incentives to treat complex patient cases. We used operational data and publicly listed Medicare rates to model the relationship between financial metrics for PBT center performance and case mix (defined as the percentage of complex cases, such as pediatric central nervous system tumors). Financial metrics included total daily revenues and debt coverage (daily revenues - daily debt payments). Fee-for-service (FFS) and accountable care (ACO) reimbursement scenarios were modeled. Sensitivity analyses were performed around the room time required to treat noncomplex cases: simple (30 minutes), prostate (24 minutes), and short prostate (15 minutes). Sensitivity analyses were also performed for total machine operating time (14, 16, and 18 h/d). Reimbursement under ACOs could reduce daily revenues in PBT centers by up to 32%. The incremental revenue gained by replacing 1 complex case with noncomplex cases was lowest for simple cases and highest for short prostate cases. ACO rates reduced this incremental incentive by 53.2% for simple cases and 41.7% for short prostate cases. To cover daily debt payments after ACO rates were imposed, 26% fewer complex patients were allowable at varying capital costs and interest rates. Only facilities with total machine operating times of 18 hours per day would cover debt payments in all scenarios. Debt-financed PBT centers will face steep challenges to remain financially viable after ACO implementation. Paradoxically, reduced reimbursement for noncomplex cases will require PBT centers to treat more such cases over cases for which PBT has demonstrated superior outcomes. Relative losses will be highest for those facilities focused primarily on treating noncomplex cases. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  5. Proton Beam Therapy and Accountable Care: The Challenges Ahead

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Elnahal, Shereef M., E-mail: selnahal@partners.org; Kerstiens, John; Helsper, Richard S.

    2013-03-15

    Purpose: Proton beam therapy (PBT) centers have drawn increasing public scrutiny for their high cost. The behavior of such facilities is likely to change under the Affordable Care Act. We modeled how accountable care reform may affect the financial standing of PBT centers and their incentives to treat complex patient cases. Methods and Materials: We used operational data and publicly listed Medicare rates to model the relationship between financial metrics for PBT center performance and case mix (defined as the percentage of complex cases, such as pediatric central nervous system tumors). Financial metrics included total daily revenues and debt coveragemore » (daily revenues − daily debt payments). Fee-for-service (FFS) and accountable care (ACO) reimbursement scenarios were modeled. Sensitivity analyses were performed around the room time required to treat noncomplex cases: simple (30 minutes), prostate (24 minutes), and short prostate (15 minutes). Sensitivity analyses were also performed for total machine operating time (14, 16, and 18 h/d). Results: Reimbursement under ACOs could reduce daily revenues in PBT centers by up to 32%. The incremental revenue gained by replacing 1 complex case with noncomplex cases was lowest for simple cases and highest for short prostate cases. ACO rates reduced this incremental incentive by 53.2% for simple cases and 41.7% for short prostate cases. To cover daily debt payments after ACO rates were imposed, 26% fewer complex patients were allowable at varying capital costs and interest rates. Only facilities with total machine operating times of 18 hours per day would cover debt payments in all scenarios. Conclusions: Debt-financed PBT centers will face steep challenges to remain financially viable after ACO implementation. Paradoxically, reduced reimbursement for noncomplex cases will require PBT centers to treat more such cases over cases for which PBT has demonstrated superior outcomes. Relative losses will be highest for those facilities focused primarily on treating noncomplex cases.« less

  6. Orthopedic Surgery Resident Debt Load and Its Effect on Career Choice.

    PubMed

    Johnson, Joey P; Cassidy, Dale B; Tofte, Josef N; Bariteau, Jason T; Daniels, Alan H

    2016-05-01

    Student loan debt has become a topic of discussion and debate among physicians and legislators. This study seeks to assess the level of debt of orthopedic surgery residents and to determine whether debt burden affects the career choice of orthopedic trainees. A 26-question, anonymous survey was distributed via email to resident trainees enrolled in different medical and surgical specialty training programs across the United States. Orthopedic trainees were compared with trainees in other specialties using comparative statistics. Of the approximately 13,503 residents who were sent the survey, a total of 3076 responded, including 167 of an estimated 580 orthopedic residents, for approximate response rates of 22.8% and 28.8%, respectively. On average, orthopedic surgery residents were at a later post-graduate year than overall respondents (P<.025). When asked if student loan debt would influence the next step in their career, nonorthopedic residents were statistically more likely to respond "yes" compared with orthopedic surgery residents (57.21% vs 49.08%, respectively; P=.041). More than 50% of all respondents agreed that student loan debt would affect their type or location of practice. The majority of orthopedic residents take student loan debt into consideration when determining their final location and type of practice, although less so for orthopedic trainees compared with other specialties. As medical education continues to become more expensive and the threat of dropping physician reimbursement looms on the horizon, student debt may become a primary driving factor for young American physicians' career plans. [Orthopedics. 2016; 39(3):e438-e443.]. Copyright 2016, SLACK Incorporated.

  7. What is the hospital industry's exposure from the ARS collapse?

    PubMed

    McCue, Michael J; Peterman, Julie S

    2009-10-01

    Auction rate securities (ARSs) were introduced 1988 as a means to allow tax-exempt/municipal issuers to enjoy the advantage of short-term interest rates on long-term debt issues. The recent collapse in the ARS market caused many hospitals and healthcare systems to be confronted with a much higher cost of debt. In the context of the larger economic crisis facing our nation and healthcare systems, the problems in the ARS market may have only exacerbated the difficulties many U.S. hospitals face in accessing cash needed to fund essential capital projects.

  8. A bill to amend the Servicemembers Civil Relief Act to extend the interest rate limitation on debt entered into during military service to debt incurred during military service to consolidate or refinance student loans incurred before military service.

    THOMAS, 113th Congress

    Sen. Durbin, Richard J. [D-IL

    2013-07-30

    Senate - 10/30/2013 Committee on Veterans' Affairs. Hearings held. Hearings printed: S.Hrg. 113-280. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

  9. Sleep debt and depression in female college students.

    PubMed

    Regestein, Quentin; Natarajan, Viji; Pavlova, Milena; Kawasaki, Susan; Gleason, Ray; Koff, Elissa

    2010-03-30

    The objective of the study was to evaluate relationships between sleep habits and depressive symptoms. Pilot study data were collected about sleep schedules, related factors and depression in female college students to find whether their sleep schedules correlate with affective symptoms. In the subsequent main study, similar information was collected under more controlled conditions. Depression was measured using the CES-D (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale) and HAM-D-3 (modified Hamilton Depression Rating Scale). Response rates were 31.3% of eligible students for the pilot survey and 71.6% for the main study. Both studies showed that about 20% of students reported weekday sleep debts of greater than 2 h and about 28% reported significantly greater sleep debt and had significantly higher depression scores (P<0.0001) than other students. Melancholic symptoms indicated by high CES-D scores (>24), were observed in 24% of students. Sleep problems explained 13% of the variance for both the CESD scale and the HAM-D-3 scale. Among female college students, those who report a sleep debt of at least 2 h or significant daytime sleepiness have a higher risk of reporting melancholic symptoms than others. Copyright 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  10. Attractiveness of family medicine for medical students: influence of research and debt.

    PubMed

    Vanasse, Alain; Orzanco, Maria Gabriela; Courteau, Josiane; Scott, Sarah

    2011-06-01

    To examine the association between students' personal characteristics, backgrounds, and medical schools and their intention to enter a family medicine (FM) specialty. Descriptive study using data from the 2007 National Physician Survey. Canada. Clinical (n=1109) and preclinical (n=829) medical student respondents to the 2007 National Physician Survey. The main variable was hoping to enter an FM specialty, and 40 independent variables were included in regression and classification-tree models. Fewer than 1 medical student in 3 (30.2% at the preclinical level and 31.4% at the clinical level) hoped to enter into an FM career. Those who did were more likely to be female, were slightly older, were more frequently married or living with partners, were typically born in Canada, and were more likely to have previous exposure to non-urban environments. The most important predictor for both populations was the debt related to medical studies, which acted in the opposite direction of whether or not students were interested in research. Students interested in research were attracted by specialties with high earning potential, while those not interested in research looked for short residency programs, such as FM, so they could begin to pay off debt sooner. Therefore, the interest in research appears to be inversely related to the choice of FM. Less than one-third of medical students were looking for residencies in FM in Canada. This is far below the goals of 45% set at the national level and 50% set by some provinces like Quebec. Debt and interest in research have strong influences on the choice of residency by medical students.

  11. Student debt amongst junior doctors in New Zealand; part 2: effects on intentions and workforce.

    PubMed

    Moore, James; Gale, Jesse; Dew, Kevin; Simmers, Don

    2006-02-17

    To assess the effects of student debt on the intentions of first-year house officers in relation to location of practice and vocation, and to evaluate the relative importance of incentives to remain practising in New Zealand (NZ). A questionnaire sent to all 296 New Zealand-graduate first-year house officers practicing in New Zealand. The response rate was 53%. Eighty percent of respondents intended to practice in New Zealand for the bulk of their careers; however, 65% of respondents intended to leave New Zealand within 3 years of graduating. The most important factors influencing the decision to leave NZ were overseas travel, financial opportunities, and job/training opportunities. Fifty-five percent of respondents had considered leaving the country, specifically because of the student loan debt. The most important factors influencing vocational intentions were interest, lifestyle, and intellectual challenge. Forty-three percent of respondents stated that their student debt had influenced their intended specialty, and only 9% of respondents indicated their intention to pursue a career in general practice. The highest rated incentives for staying in New Zealand were increased salaries, employer contributions towards student loans, and training opportunities within New Zealand. Student debt influences both emigration and specialty choice intentions of junior doctors in New Zealand. This effect is an unintended but important consequence of our current tertiary education system in New Zealand. These results paint a worrying picture for the junior doctor and general practitioner workforce in New Zealand's future.

  12. Medical student career intentions at the Christchurch School of Medicine. The New Zealand Wellbeing, Intentions, Debt and Experiences (WIDE) survey of medical students pilot study. Results part II.

    PubMed

    Gill, D; Palmer, C; Mulder, R; Wilkinson, T

    2001-10-26

    To record career preferences for medical students at the Christchurch School of Medicine and Health Sciences and investigate factors, including student debt, that might influence career decisions. A questionnaire, The New Zealand Wellbeing, Intentions, Debt, and Experiences (WIDE) Survey of Medical Students, was developed and administered to all 204 medical students at the Christchurch School of Medicine and Health Sciences. The survey included questions relating to preferred career intentions and factors influencing career decisions, including the decision to leave New Zealand to practise medicine. The response rate was 88%. 80% intend to practise medicine in New Zealand immediately after graduation, however 82% indicated that they would leave within two years of graduation. Financial opportunities overseas and level of debt were the strongest motivating factors to leave. Repayments towards student loans and increased salaries were factors that might retain people in New Zealand. Medical and surgical specialities were the most popular career choices. Personal interest was the strongest motivator for career choice. Practising in a rural community was not popular. Debt is one of a number of important factors influencing medical student career decisions including the decision to leave New Zealand. Initiatives addressing debt may be useful in retaining medical graduates in this country.

  13. Personal finances of urology residents in Canada.

    PubMed

    Teichman, J M; Tongco, W; MacNeily, A E; Smart, M

    2000-12-01

    We examined how Urology residents in Canada manage their personal finances. A survey instrument was designed to elicit information on demographics, expenses, savings and incomes. The questionnaire was completed by 40 Urology residents attending the 2000 Queen's Urology Exam Skills Training (QUEST) program. Twenty-eight residents (70%) had educational debt (median debt $50 000). Seventeen residents (45%) paid credit card interest charges within the last year. Four residents (10%) maintained an unpaid credit card balance > $7500 at 17% annual interest rate. Twenty-six residents (67%) contributed to Registered Retirement Savings Program (RRSP) accounts. Seventeen residents (44%) contributed to non-RRSP retirement accounts. Nineteen residents (50%) budgeted expenses. Median resident income was $45 000. Thirteen residents (34%) had cash reserves < $250. Many residents save little, and incur substantial debt over and above educational loans. Many residents would benefit from instruction concerning prudent financial management. Residents should be informed of the consequences of low saving and high debt.

  14. Decreasing Your Student Loan Cohort Default Rate: Leading a College-Wide Change Initiative at Mohave Community College

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Charles, Kayla D.; Sheaff, Shannon; Woods, Jann; Downey, Lisa

    2016-01-01

    Burgeoning student debt and the ability of programs to adequately prepare students for jobs that will allow them to repay that debt comprise a topic of great interest in the current higher education policy environment. A key accountability measure used by the Department of Education for more than two decades has been the student loan cohort…

  15. Institutional Debt: An Analysis of Student Institutional Debt at a Midwestern Multi-Campus University between 2011 and 2014

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Olafsdottir, Kristin

    2017-01-01

    For the institution and its regional campuses under review, the amount of outstanding student liabilities (i.e., monies owed by the student to the institution for educational-related expenditures not satisfied by the end of the term) grew at an alarming rate between 2000 and 2014, with some of the institution's regional campuses experiencing over…

  16. What is the financial state of medical students from rural backgrounds during tuition fee deregulation?

    PubMed

    Woloschuk, Wayne; Lemay, Jean-François; Wright, Bruce

    2010-01-01

    We sought to examine the financial state of medical students from rural backgrounds during a time of tuition fee deregulation. We surveyed incoming classes from 2007 to 2011 at the University of Calgary. Community background, expected educational debt at graduation, educational debt at entry to medical school and parental income were collected for analysis. Data were analyzed using the Χ² test, analysis of variance and the Newman-Keuls multiple comparison test. The overall response rate was 95.3%. Of the 571 (93.5%) respondents who supplied data on their background and debt, 94.4% expected to have educational debt at graduation. The mean projected educational debt at graduation by medical students from both rural ($107 226 [95% confidence interval (CI) $98 030-$116 423]) and regional ($99 456 [95% CI $91 905-$107 006]) backgrounds was significantly greater than the debt projected by students from metropolitan ($88 565 [95% CI $83 607-$93 524]) backgrounds. Medical students who came from rural backgrounds had the highest mean debt at entry to medical school ($33 053 [95% CI $25 715-$40 391]) compared with their peers from regional ($23 253 [95% CI $16 621-$29 885]) and metropolitan ($22 053 [95% CI $17 344-$26 762]) backgrounds. Students of rural origin also had parents whose mean income ($104 024 [95% CI $75 976-$132 173]) was significantly lower than the mean parental income of their peers who originated from regional ($143 167 [95% CI $119 898-$166 435]) and metropolitan ($150 339 [95% CI $135 241-165 438]) centres. Rising tuition and subsequent debt may be affecting the diversity of medical students' backgrounds. Financial programs dedicated to rural-background students and their interest in medicine may become necessary.

  17. Perceived Effects of Student Loan Forgiveness on Turnover Intention among Social Workers in Massachusetts.

    PubMed

    Fakunmoju, Sunday B; Kersting, Robert C

    2016-10-01

    Despite the recognition of student loan forgiveness programs (SLFPs) as a recruitment tool and job retention mechanism, little is known about their perceived effects on turnover prevention or potential to ease turnover pressure and prevent activation of turnover intention. This article describes the results of a recent survey by the National Association of Social Workers (Massachusetts chapter) on SLFPs. Specifically, the article examines the role of turnover intention and sociodemographic factors on the perception of whether student loan forgiveness (SLF) could prevent social workers from leaving their jobs. Results from bivariate and multivariate analyses using convenience sample (N = 569) suggest that amount of student loan debt, worrying about student loan debt, and turnover intention were significantly associated with perceiving SLF as likely to prevent turnover. Similarly, student loan variables differed by demographic characteristics. MSW graduates were more likely than BSW graduates to have inquired about SLFP, owe more student loan debt, and indicate propensity to participate in SLFP. However, BSW graduates were more likely than MSW graduates to worry about student loan debt. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications of findings for policy, practice, higher education, and future research, including relevance to advocacy and legislative efforts.

  18. U.S. outlook issues: putting America's house in order.

    PubMed

    Brinner, R E

    1989-03-01

    Despite the economic growth in 1987 and 1988, there are three issues of concern: the strength of consumer spending, the risk of accelerating inflation, and the federal budget deficit. The history of recent consumer spending is reviewed, and the recommendation made that if the recent "binge" of 1987-1988 has caused the economy to overshoot its production capacity, monetary and fiscal policies should be adjusted to rein in the spending. Regarding inflation, despite projected productivity gains, the economy seems to be heading for a 4.5%-5.0% core rate of inflation, a rate that can surge to 1970s-like levels with any substantial bad news. The observation is made that no major sustained cut in financing costs will occur until U.S. fiscal policy is changed. Regarding the deficit, voters cannot seek more services without either higher taxes or higher interest rates; growth alone will not cure the federal deficit. The distinction between good and bad types of debt is made and the history and causes of the $ 2 trillion increase in federal debt between fiscal years 1980 and 1988 is reviewed. Corporate debt and the recent corporate acquisitions and leveraged buyouts are analyzed. Public policy considerations arise primarily from the need to limit the system risks imposed by the scale of the buyout mania and to insure fair treatment of current debt holders of target corporations. Greater regulation of pension investments may be necessary, and widespread use of change-of-ownership clauses in bonds would be productive.

  19. Political Economy of US States and Rates of Fatal Occupational Injury

    PubMed Central

    Schulman, Michael D.; Bailer, A. John; Stainback, Kevin; Wheeler, Matthew; Richardson, David B.; Marshall, Stephen W.

    2009-01-01

    Objectives. We investigated the extent to which the political economy of US states, including the relative power of organized labor, predicts rates of fatal occupational injury. Methods. We described states’ political economies with 6 contextual variables measuring social and political conditions: “right-to-work” laws, union membership density, labor grievance rates, state government debt, unemployment rates, and social wage payments. We obtained data on fatal occupational injuries from the National Traumatic Occupational Fatality surveillance system and population data from the US national census. We used Poisson regression methods to analyze relationships for the years 1980 and 1995. Results. States differed notably with respect to political–economic characteristics and occupational fatality rates, although these characteristics were more homogeneous within rather than between regions. Industry and workforce composition contributed significantly to differences in state injury rates, but political–economic characteristics of states were also significantly associated with injury rates, after adjustment accounting for those factors. Conclusions. Higher rates of fatal occupational injury were associated with a state policy climate favoring business over labor, with distinct regional clustering of such state policies in the South and Northeast. PMID:19542025

  20. Payback time: the associations of debt and income with medical student career choice.

    PubMed

    Grayson, Martha S; Newton, Dale A; Thompson, Lori F

    2012-10-01

    With impending health care reform in the USA, there is an imperative to increase the number of students choosing primary care (PC) careers. Research is needed to better understand the roles of economic factors in medical student career choice. The objective of this study was to examine the relationships among debt, income and career choice by comparing students planning PC careers with those aspiring to one of the 12 non-PC fields in which median income exceeds US$300 000 ('high-paying non-primary care' [HPNPC]). Surveys (response rate = 81%) were administered to Year 1 students scheduled to graduate between 1996 and 2012, and Year 4 students graduating between 1993 and 2010. Respondents were students at New York Medical College and East Carolina University's Brody School of Medicine. Analyses focused on the 2674 Year 1 respondents choosing a PC (n = 1437, 54%) or HPNPC (n = 1237, 46%) career, and the 2307 Year 4 respondents intending to pursue PC (n = 992, 43%) or HPNPC (n = 1315, 57%). Longitudinal analyses examining changes in career goals during medical school were based on students who completed surveys in both Years 1 and 4. The outcome measures studied were self-reported debt, anticipated income and self-rated value placed on income. Relative to their PC counterparts, students intending to pursue HPNPC careers anticipated an average of US$24 904 (Year 4 students) or US$29 237 (Year 1 students) greater debt, placed a higher importance value on income, and anticipated earning an average of US$58 463 (Year 1 students) and US$89 909 (Year 4 students) more in annual income after graduation. Debt was associated with the value placed on income in the choice of career and the amount of future income anticipated. Students who valued income highly were especially inclined to switch from PC during medical school. The switch away from PC was associated with debt, as well as with a marked increase in anticipated income. Debt and anticipated income are important concerns which may shape future supplies of PC doctors. © Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2012.

  1. Determinants of corporate dividend policy in Indonesia

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lestari, H. S.

    2018-01-01

    This study aims to investigate the determinants factors that effect the dividend policy. The sample used in this research is manufacture companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) and the period 2011 - 2015. There are independent variables such as earning, cash flow, free cash flow, debt, growth opportunities, investment opportunities, firm size, largest shareholder, firm risk, lagged dividend and dividend policy used as dependent variable. The study examines a total of 32 manufacture companies. After analyzing the data using the program software Eviews 9.0 by multiples regression analysis reveal that earning, cash flow, free cash flow, firm size, and lagged dividend have significant effect on dividend policy, whereas debt, growth opportunities, investment opportunities, largest shareholder, and firm risk have no significant effect on dividend policy. The results of this study are expected to be implemented by the financial managers in improving corporate profits and basic information as return on investment decisions.

  2. Financial background and student debt impact on postgraduate residency choices of medical students in Singapore.

    PubMed

    Fong, Jie Ming Nigel; Tan, Yeong Tze Wilnard; Sayampanathan, Andrew Arjun; Mohan, Niraj; Koh, Yun Qing; Jang, Jin Hao Justin; Low, Jin Rong Ivan; Vasudevan, Anupama; Ng, Chew Lip; Tambyah, Paul Ananth

    2018-06-07

    Medical school fees are rising globally. Student debt and financial background may affect residency choices, but few studies have been conducted in Asia. This study aimed to explore the relationship between financial background, student debt and postgraduate residency choices among medical students in Singapore. An anonymised survey of all medical students in Singapore was conducted, with a response rate of 67.9%. 40.5% of our study population were graduates with debt. Medical students with monthly per capita household income < SGD 1,000 were more likely to graduate with debt (unadjusted odds ratio [OR] [95% confidence interval {CI}] 2.0 [1.6-2.7]; p < 0.001) and feel burdened by the cost of medical education (unadjusted OR [95% CI] 2.8 [2.0-3.9]; p < 0.001). Students with per capita monthly household income < SGD 1,000 (unadjusted OR [95% CI] 1.818 [1.338-2.470], p < 0.001; adjusted OR [95% CI] 1.692 [1.202-2.381], p = 0.003) and those with debt (unadjusted OR [95% CI] 1.623 [1.261-2.090], p < 0.001; adjusted OR [95% CI] 1.393 [1.048-1.851], p = 0.022) were more likely to rank at least one economic factor as 'very significant' in influencing their postgraduate training choices. It is concerning that despite financial aid schemes, the cost of medical education remained a burden to students from lower income households in Singapore. Student debt and financial background may distort postgraduate career choices, creating an undue push toward high-paying specialties.

  3. Effects of N2O narcosis on the contraction and repayment of an oxygen debt

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Schatte, C. L.; Hall, P.; Fitch, J. W.; Loader, J. E.

    1974-01-01

    The oxygen deficit, oxygen debt, and the difference between them were measured in five male and three female subjects during and after exercise while breathing either air or a normoxic mixture containing 33% N2O and nitrogen. With the exception of a higher respiratory quotient at rest in N2O, there were no statistically significant differences for oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, expired gas volume, heart rate or blood lactate while breathing N2O during rest, exercise, or recovery. An appreciably, but not statistically, greater mean oxygen deficit was found in N2O along with a significantly greater mean oxygen debt; deficit-debt difference was unaffected by N2O. It was speculated that N2O narcosis did not affect the ability to utilize oxygen but that the response to the greater oxygen need of exercise may have been slowed with perhaps a concomitant greater depletion of stored high energy compounds.

  4. Taxes, bankruptcy costs, and capital structure in for-profit and not-for-profit hospitals.

    PubMed

    Huang, Sean S; Yang, Jie; Carroll, Nathan

    2018-02-01

    About 60% of the US hospitals are not-for-profit and it is not clear how traditional theories of capital structure should be adapted to understand the borrowing behavior of not-for-profit hospitals. This paper identifies important determinants of capital structure taken from theories describing for-profit firms as well as prior literature on not-for-profit hospitals. We examine the differential effects these factors have on the capital structure of for-profit and not-for-profit hospitals. Specifically, we use a difference-in-differences regression framework to study how differences in leverage between for-profit and not-for-profit hospitals change in response to key explanatory variables (i.e. tax rates and bankruptcy costs). The sample in this study includes most US short-term general acute hospitals from 2000 to 2012. We find that personal and corporate income taxes and bankruptcy costs have significant and distinct effects on the capital structure of for-profit and not-for-profit hospitals. Specifically, relative to not-for-profit hospitals: (1) higher corporate income tax encourages for-profit hospitals to increase their debt usage; (2) higher personal income tax discourages for-profit hospitals to use debt; and (3) higher expected bankruptcy costs lead for-profit hospitals to use less debt. Over the past decade, the capital structure of for-profit hospitals has been more flexible as compared to that of not-for-profit hospitals. This may suggest that not-for-profit hospitals are more constrained by external financing resources. Particularly, our analysis suggests that not-for-profit hospitals operating in states with high corporate taxes but low personal income taxes may face particular challenges of borrowing funds relative to their for-profit competitors.

  5. 77 FR 20399 - Notice of Interest Rate on Overdue Debts

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-04-04

    ... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Office of the Secretary Notice of Interest Rate on Overdue... CFR part 30) provides that the Secretary shall charge an annual rate of interest, which is [[Page... applicable rate determined from the ``Schedule of Certified Interest Rates with Range of Maturities'' unless...

  6. Female medical students may accrue less student loan debt than their male colleagues in New Zealand.

    PubMed

    McHardy, Karina M; Janssen, Anna; Poole, Phillippa J

    2008-05-09

    To quantify the current level of actual student loan debt in New Zealand (NZ) medical students at the time of graduation, and to investigate how debt burden relates to gender and ethnicity. A questionnaire was distributed to all graduating students from The University of Auckland's School of Medicine in November 2006. This study looked specifically at debt attributable to a New Zealand Government Student Loan (NZGSL). The response rate was 88%. Eighty-seven percent of NZ residents in the survey had a NZGSL. Nearly three-quarters of all students (73%) reported a total NZGSL of over $45,000, with one-third reporting a total greater than $75,000. Overall, males appeared to have different borrowing behaviours than their female counterparts, as reflected in their higher loan totals. Females were also more likely to report that they had no student loan, despite comparable access to parental financial support, part-time work, and scholarships. The reported loan sizes of Maori and Pacific Island students did not differ significantly from those of other ethnicities. Only 11% of study respondents reported that the burden of a student loan had a significant impact on future career decisions. For the majority of Auckland medical graduates, student debt is significant and continues to be a burdensome issue. There appear to be differences in the borrowing behaviours of males and females in the medical school programme, while different ethnicities have similar debt burdens.

  7. Is the United States in the middle of a healthcare bubble?

    PubMed

    Chen, Wen-Yi; Liang, Yia-Wun; Lin, Yu-Hui

    2016-01-01

    This study investigates the possibility of multiple healthcare bubbles in the US healthcare market. We first applied the newly developed Generalized Sup ADF test to locate multiple healthcare bubble episodes and then estimated the switching regression model specifying multiple healthcare bubble periods to evaluate to what extent macroeconomic variables (such as the interest rate, public debt, and fiscal deficit) and public financing healthcare programs influence the magnitude of healthcare bubbles in terms of the deviation of the medical care price inflation from either the overall price inflation or the money wage growth. Our results show that expansionary monetary and fiscal policies play important roles in determining the deviation of the medical care price inflation from the overall price inflation and that the net government debt has a positive impact on the deviation of the medical care price inflation from the money wage growth. The US healthcare market is now in the middle of a healthcare bubble, and this healthcare bubble has developed slowly and has lasted for approximately 3 decades, mirroring an increased societal preference for healthcare. Policymakers in the US should cautiously consider the fact that healthcare bubbles must imply a misallocation of resources into healthcare, leading to negative consequences on the sustainability of the healthcare system.

  8. 7 CFR 1717.850 - General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... Earned Ratio (TIER), Debt Service Coverage (DSC), and other case-specific economic and financial factors; (ii) The variability and uncertainty of future revenues, costs, margins, TIER, DSC, and other case... construction work orders and other records, all moneys disbursed from the separate subaccount during the period...

  9. Development, dependence, and gender inequality in the Third World.

    PubMed

    Marshall, S E

    1985-06-01

    While there has been much recent empirical investigation of the relationship between economic development, dependence, and income inequality, the issue of gender inequality has received less systematic attention. This exploratory study is a cross-sectional investigation of the effects of industrialization and investment, debt, and export dependency on levels of female education, and on rates of female economic participation, both absolutely and relative to male rates in 60 less developed countries. Although some of the macroeconomic indicators emerge as significant predictors of gender inequality in several of the regression equations, the most important explanatory variable is cultural region. These findings fail to lend strong empirical support to either the modernization or the dependency/world system theoretical perspective. The concluding discussion speculates on the interpretation of the research findings, offers some observations on the conceptual distinctions between class and gender stratification, and suggestions some directions for future research.

  10. Costs of a medical education: comparison with graduate education in law and business.

    PubMed

    Kerr, Jason R; Brown, Jeffrey J

    2006-02-01

    The costs of graduate school education are climbing, particularly within the fields of medicine, law, and business. Data on graduate level tuition, educational debt, and starting salaries for medical school, law school, and business school graduates were collected directly from universities and from a wide range of published reports and surveys. Medical school tuition and educational debt levels have risen faster than the rate of inflation over the past decade. Medical school graduates have longer training periods and lower starting salaries than law school and business school graduates, although physician salaries rise after completion of post-graduate education. Faced with an early debt burden and delayed entry into the work force, careful planning is required for medical school graduates to pay off their loans and save for retirement.

  11. Defense Department Profit and Contract Finance Policies and Their Effects on Contract and Contractor Performance

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2009-02-01

    cost of capital ( WACC ). WACC is the cost of debt plus the cost of equity both weighted by the market values debt and equity, respectively. The cost...Beta WACC Technical Risk CPFF/CPAF …. FFP/ MYP - Contract Choice (FAR 16.1) Margin – (p = f(NBV, n, α, risk)) Payments (α) FCOM ( = f(NBV, Treasury...projections, layers on the profit and contract financing policy, estimates the levered WACC as the discount rate, and finally calculates the NPV of the

  12. Factors affecting career choice among the next generation of academic vascular surgeons.

    PubMed

    Danczyk, Rachel C; Sevdalis, Nick; Woo, Karen; Hingorani, Anil P; Landry, Gregory J; Liem, Timothy K; Moneta, Gregory L; Mitchell, Erica L

    2012-05-01

    Few studies have examined factors that influence an individual's decision to enter an academic medical career after residency training. We sought to evaluate whether sex, ethnicity, child care issues, and debt burden influenced residents' choice for a career in academic vascular surgery. A 39-item Web survey, designed to elucidate which factors motivated residents to seek a career in academic vascular surgery, was sent to 295 vascular surgery residents currently enrolled in Accreditation Council on Graduate Medical Education-accredited training programs. A total of 128 responses (43%) were received. Of these, 53% of respondents were white and 47% were nonwhite and 34 (27%) were women and 94 (73%) were men. Fifty-seven percent of minorities anticipate a career in academic vascular surgery. There were no statistical differences between sex and ethnicity for factors influencing career choice, including training paradigm, presence of a life partner or dependents, mentorship role, participation in research, service, and teaching, anticipated salary, and debt burden (P > .05). Seventy-seven percent of respondents carry significant debt; of those with debt, 81% owe >$100,000 and 40% owe >$200,000. Seventy-three percent of 0+5 trainees anticipated choosing an academic practice compared with 42% of 5+2 trainees (P < .01). Respondents planning an academic career cited procedural variation, breadth and depth of practice/tertiary referral experience, and research opportunities as the most important drivers of career choice. Income potential, strength of the job market, and child care needs were deemed less important. This study shows that academic vascular surgery is a popular career option for current vascular surgery trainees, especially those in 0+5 programs. Choosing a career in academic vascular surgery appears not to be influenced by sex, ethnicity, child care concerns, salary expectations, or debt burden, even though most trainees carry enormous debt. The data imply future academic vascular surgeons will likely have greater gender and ethnic variability than is currently seen. Copyright © 2012 Society for Vascular Surgery. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

  13. 78 FR 65430 - Notice of Rate To Be Used for Federal Debt Collection, and Discount and Rebate Evaluation

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-10-31

    ... evaluating the cost-effectiveness of a cash discount. In addition, this rate is to be used in determining... for use in connection with Federal Cash Management systems and is based on investment rates set for...

  14. An analysis of the potential for achieving the fourth millennium development goal in SSA with domestic resources.

    PubMed

    O'Hare, Bernadette; Makuta, Innocent

    2015-02-25

    The importance of good health is reflected in the fact that more than half of the eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are aimed at improving health status. Goal 4 (MDG4) aims to reduce child mortality. The progress indicator for goal 4 is the under-five mortality rate (U5M), with a targeted reduction of two thirds by 2015 from 1990 levels. This paper seeks to compare the time (in years) Sub Saharan African (SSA) countries will take to reach their MDG4 target at the current rate of decline, and the time it could have taken to reach their target if domestic resources had not been lost through illicit financial flows, corruption and servicing of debt since 2000. We estimate the amount by which the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita would increase (in percentage terms) if losses of resource through illicit financial flows, corruption and debt servicing, were reduced. Using the income elasticity of U5M, a metric which reports the percentage change in U5M for a one percent change in GDP per capita, we estimate the potential gains in the annual reduction of the under-five mortality if these resource losses were reduced. At the current rate of reduction in U5M, nine countries out of this sample of 36 SSA countries (25%) will achieve their MDG4 target by 2015. In the absence of the leakages (IFF, corruption and debt service) 30 out of 36 (83%) would reach their MDG4 target by 2015 and all except one country, Zimbabwe would have achieved their MDG4 by 2017 (97%). In view of the uncertainty of the legitimacy of African debts we have also provided results where we excluded debt repayment from our analysis. Most countries would have met MDG4 target by curtailing these outflows. In order to release latent resources in SSA for development, action will be needed both by African countries and internationally. We consider that stemming these outflows, and thereby reducing the need for aid, can be achieved with a more transparent global financial system.

  15. 75 FR 22136 - Notice of Interest Rate on Overdue Debts

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-04-27

    ... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Office of the Secretary Notice of Interest Rate on Overdue... CFR Part 30) provides that the Secretary shall charge an annual rate of interest, which is determined and fixed by the Secretary of the Treasury after considering private consumer rates of interest on the...

  16. 78 FR 67364 - Notice of Interest Rate on Overdue Debts

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-11-12

    ... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Office of the Secretary Notice of Interest Rate on Overdue... CFR part 30) provides that the Secretary shall charge an annual rate of interest, which is determined and fixed by the Secretary of the Treasury after considering private consumer rates of interest on the...

  17. 77 FR 35681 - Notice of Interest Rate on Overdue Debts

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-06-14

    ... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Office of the Secretary Notice of Interest Rate on Overdue... CFR part 30) provides that the Secretary shall charge an annual rate of interest, which is determined and fixed by the Secretary of the Treasury after considering private consumer rates of interest on the...

  18. 76 FR 8370 - Notice of Interest Rate on Overdue Debts

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-02-14

    ... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Office of the Secretary Notice of Interest Rate on Overdue... CFR part 30) provides that the Secretary shall charge an annual rate of interest, which is determined and fixed by the Secretary of the Treasury after considering private consumer rates of interest on the...

  19. 77 FR 76492 - Notice of Interest Rate on Overdue Debts

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-12-28

    ... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Office Of The Secretary Notice of Interest Rate on Overdue... CFR part 30) provides that the Secretary shall charge an annual rate of interest, which is determined and fixed by the Secretary of the Treasury after considering private consumer rates of interest on the...

  20. 75 FR 48690 - Notice of Interest Rate on Overdue Debts

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-08-11

    ... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Office of the Secretary Notice of Interest Rate on Overdue... CFR Part 30) provides that the Secretary shall charge an annual rate of interest, which is determined and fixed by the Secretary of the Treasury after considering private consumer rates of interest on the...

  1. 77 FR 20399 - Notice of Interest Rate on Overdue Debts

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-04-04

    ... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Office of the Secretary Notice of Interest Rate on Overdue... CFR part 30) provides that the Secretary shall charge an annual rate of interest, which is determined and fixed by the Secretary of the Treasury after considering private consumer rates of interest on the...

  2. 76 FR 30721 - Notice of Interest Rate on Overdue Debts

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-05-26

    ... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Office of the Secretary Notice of Interest Rate on Overdue... CFR part 30) provides that the Secretary shall charge an annual rate of interest, which is determined and fixed by the Secretary of the Treasury after considering private consumer rates of interest on the...

  3. 78 FR 23936 - Notice of Interest Rate on Overdue Debts

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-04-23

    ... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Office of the Secretary Notice of Interest Rate on Overdue... CFR part 30) provides that the Secretary shall charge an annual rate of interest, which is determined and fixed by the Secretary of the Treasury after considering private consumer rates of interest on the...

  4. 77 FR 60438 - Notice of Interest Rate on Overdue Debts

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-10-03

    ... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Office of the Secretary Notice of Interest Rate on Overdue... CFR part 30) provides that the Secretary shall charge an annual rate of interest, which is determined and fixed by the Secretary of the Treasury after considering private consumer rates of interest on the...

  5. 75 FR 22136 - Notice of Interest Rate on Overdue Debts

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-04-27

    ... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Office of the Secretary Notice of Interest Rate on Overdue... CFR part 30) provides that the Secretary shall charge an annual rate of interest, which is determined and fixed by the Secretary of the Treasury after considering private consumer rates of interest on the...

  6. 75 FR 80055 - Notice of Interest Rate on Overdue Debts

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-12-21

    ... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Office of the Secretary Notice of Interest Rate on Overdue... CFR part 30) provides that the Secretary shall charge an annual rate of interest, which is determined and fixed by the Secretary of the Treasury after considering private consumer rates of interest on the...

  7. 78 FR 44124 - Notice of Interest Rate on Overdue Debts

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-07-23

    ... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Office of the Secretary Notice of Interest Rate on Overdue... CFR Part 30) provides that the Secretary shall charge an annual rate of interest, which is determined and fixed by the Secretary of the Treasury after considering private consumer rates of interest on the...

  8. 31 CFR 901.9 - Interest, penalties, and administrative costs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... charges. (b) Agencies shall charge interest on debts owed the United States as follows: (1) Interest shall... a contract, repayment agreement, or by statute, the rate of interest charged shall be the rate... may charge a higher rate of interest if it reasonably determines that a higher rate is necessary to...

  9. 7 CFR 3.17 - Interest, penalties, and administrative costs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... compromise, termination, or waiver of the charges. (b) Agencies shall charge interest on debts owed the... agreement, or by statute, the rate of interest charged shall be the rate established annually by the... charge a higher rate of interest if it reasonably determines that a higher rate is necessary to protect...

  10. International Banking: Implementation of Risk-Based Capital Adequacy Standards

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1991-01-01

    exchange rates (foreign exchange rate risk), and in the prices of securities and trded debt instruments (position risk), credit risk would be addressed first...banks face many other risks, such as changes in the value of their holdings due to mo Ve- ments in interest rates (interest rate risk), in foreign

  11. The Rating Game: Report of the Twentieth Century Fund Task Force on Municipal Bond Credit Rating.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Petersen, John E.

    This publication examines the influence of credit ratings on public debt financing and helps to resolve some of the developing controversy concerning this subject. It investigates the rating activities of the two private investment advisory firms--Moody's and Standard & Poor's--and the use of ratings by governmental borrowers, investors,…

  12. 5 CFR 835.602 - Past-due legally enforceable debt.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) DEBT COLLECTION Collection of Debts by Federal Tax Refund Offset § 835.602 Past-due legally enforceable debt. A past-due legally enforceable debt for referral to the IRS is a debt that— (a... 5 Administrative Personnel 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Past-due legally enforceable debt. 835...

  13. Sovereign debt crisis in the European Union: A minimum spanning tree approach

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Dias, João

    2012-03-01

    In the wake of the financial crisis, sovereign debt crisis has emerged and is severely affecting some countries in the European Union, threatening the viability of the euro and even the EU itself. This paper applies recent developments in econophysics, in particular the minimum spanning tree approach and the associate hierarchical tree, to analyze the asynchronization between the four most affected countries and other resilient countries in the euro area. For this purpose, daily government bond yield rates are used, covering the period from April 2007 to October 2010, thus including yield rates before, during and after the financial crises. The results show an increasing separation of the two groups of euro countries with the deepening of the government bond crisis.

  14. A Simple Exposition of the Social Security Trust Fund.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Holahan, William L.; Schug, Mark C.

    2000-01-01

    Discusses a strategy for teaching students about how the Social Security Trust Fund works. Explains that a flow chart is presented to the students; four terms are defined (deficit, surplus, debt, and reserve); and a new graph is prepared to show the paths of these four variables. (CMK)

  15. 26 CFR 1.1001-3 - Modifications of debt instruments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ..., interest will compound at a rate of 12 percent. The exercise of the option, which results in the deferral... deferred, interest will compound at a rate 150 basis points greater than the stated rate of interest. (ii... annual resetting of the interest rate based on the value of an index or a specified increase in the...

  16. Intergenerational aspects of government policy under changing demographic and economic conditions.

    PubMed

    Boskin, M J

    1987-07-01

    Changing demographic and economic conditions in the US require that attention be given to some of the intergenerational equity features of government policy. In particular, social insurance programs and public debt leave public liabilities to future generations. Taken in the aggregate, the effects of rapidly rising public debt and especially social insurance programs are transferring substantial amounts of resources from younger working generations to the expanding generation of retirees. The most crucial element in evaluating the desirability of intergenerational wealth distribution in the long run is the rate of economic growth. A society's monetary, fiscal, tax, and regulatory policies can be more or less conducive to the generation of capital formation, technical change, and economic growth. Policies that influence growth and interest rates will combine with the national deficit to determine how rapidly the debt grows or shrinks. Present accounting procedures are insufficient to provide quantitative answers to the question of what is the impact of a given program on the age-specific distributions of resources. It is important to reconsider the desirability and efficiency of intergenerational redistributions of wealth in the US. It is likely that current policies are not in line with the principles of efficiency, equity, target effectiveness, and cost effectiveness.

  17. Extinction debt from climate change for frogs in the wet tropics

    PubMed Central

    Brook, Barry W.; Hoskin, Conrad J.; Pressey, Robert L.; VanDerWal, Jeremy; Williams, Stephen E.

    2016-01-01

    The effect of twenty-first-century climate change on biodiversity is commonly forecast based on modelled shifts in species ranges, linked to habitat suitability. These projections have been coupled with species–area relationships (SAR) to infer extinction rates indirectly as a result of the loss of climatically suitable areas and associated habitat. This approach does not model population dynamics explicitly, and so accepts that extinctions might occur after substantial (but unknown) delays—an extinction debt. Here we explicitly couple bioclimatic envelope models of climate and habitat suitability with generic life-history models for 24 species of frogs found in the Australian Wet Tropics (AWT). We show that (i) as many as four species of frogs face imminent extinction by 2080, due primarily to climate change; (ii) three frogs face delayed extinctions; and (iii) this extinction debt will take at least a century to be realized in full. Furthermore, we find congruence between forecast rates of extinction using SARs, and demographic models with an extinction lag of 120 years. We conclude that SAR approaches can provide useful advice to conservation on climate change impacts, provided there is a good understanding of the time lags over which delayed extinctions are likely to occur. PMID:27729484

  18. Debt and foregone medical care.

    PubMed

    Kalousova, Lucie; Burgard, Sarah A

    2013-06-01

    Most American households carry debt, yet we have little understanding of how debt influences health behavior, especially health care seeking. We examined associations between foregone medical care and debt using a population-based sample of 914 southeastern Michigan residents surveyed in the wake of the late-2000s recession. Overall debt and ratios of debt to income and debt to assets were positively associated with foregoing medical or dental care in the past 12 months, even after adjusting for the poorer socioeconomic and health characteristics of those foregoing care and for respondents' household incomes and net worth. These overall associations were driven largely by credit card and medical debt, while housing debt and automobile and student loans were not associated with foregoing care. These results suggest that debt is an understudied aspect of health stratification.

  19. A systematic review of financial debt in adolescents and young adults: prevalence, correlates and associations with crime.

    PubMed

    Hoeve, Machteld; Stams, Geert Jan J M; van der Zouwen, Marion; Vergeer, Margaretha; Jurrius, Kitty; Asscher, Jessica J

    2014-01-01

    Financial debt in young people has increased in recent years. Because debt may have severe consequences, and it may enhance criminal behavior, insight into the prevalence and determinants of debt and its association with crime is important. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of 36 manuscripts to examine the prevalence of financial debt (k = 23), correlates and risk factors of debt (k = 16), and associations between debt and criminal behavior in adolescents and young adults (k = 8). Findings revealed that the prevalence of debt is substantial among young people; on average, 49% reported to have at least some debt, 22% had financial problems. Older participants and ethnic minorities were found to have higher levels of debt than younger and indigenous counterparts. Females had more financial problems and higher student loans. Low self-esteem, a pro-debt attitude (of young people and their parents), lack of perceived control towards financial management, poor social functioning, financial stress and external locus of control were found to have the strongest associations with debt. Studies reported strong associations between debt and crime. Particularly, strong associations were found between serious and persistent crime in young people and later (young adult) debt or financial problems.

  20. A Systematic Review of Financial Debt in Adolescents and Young Adults: Prevalence, Correlates and Associations with Crime

    PubMed Central

    Hoeve, Machteld; Stams, Geert Jan J. M.; van der Zouwen, Marion; Vergeer, Margaretha; Jurrius, Kitty; Asscher, Jessica J.

    2014-01-01

    Financial debt in young people has increased in recent years. Because debt may have severe consequences, and it may enhance criminal behavior, insight into the prevalence and determinants of debt and its association with crime is important. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of 36 manuscripts to examine the prevalence of financial debt (k = 23), correlates and risk factors of debt (k = 16), and associations between debt and criminal behavior in adolescents and young adults (k = 8). Findings revealed that the prevalence of debt is substantial among young people; on average, 49% reported to have at least some debt, 22% had financial problems. Older participants and ethnic minorities were found to have higher levels of debt than younger and indigenous counterparts. Females had more financial problems and higher student loans. Low self-esteem, a pro-debt attitude (of young people and their parents), lack of perceived control towards financial management, poor social functioning, financial stress and external locus of control were found to have the strongest associations with debt. Studies reported strong associations between debt and crime. Particularly, strong associations were found between serious and persistent crime in young people and later (young adult) debt or financial problems. PMID:25136797

  1. Financial dimensions of veterinary medical education: an economist's perspective.

    PubMed

    Lloyd, James W

    2013-01-01

    Much discussion has transpired in recent years related to the rising cost of veterinary medical education and the increasing debt loads of graduating veterinarians. Underlying these trends are fundamental changes in the funding structure of higher education in general and of academic veterinary medicine specifically. As a result of the ongoing disinvestment by state governments in higher education, both tuition rates and academic programs have experienced a substantial impact across US colleges and schools of veterinary medicine. Programmatically, the effects have spanned the entire range of teaching, research, and service activities. For graduates, both across higher education and in veterinary medicine specifically, the impact has been steadily increasing levels of student debt. Although the situation is clearly worrisome, viable repayment options exist for these escalating debt loads. In combination with recent income and employment trends for veterinarians, these options provide a basis for cautious optimism for the future.

  2. Retention and recruitment of general dentists in an adjunct teaching model-A pilot study.

    PubMed

    Howe, Brian J; Allareddy, Verasathpurush; Barwacz, Christopher A; Parker, I Reed; Straub-Morarend, Cheryl L; Holmes, David C

    2017-01-01

    Retention and recruitment of part time clinical adjunct faculty members in dental education is becoming increasingly difficult as dental schools come to rely on this workforce for their increased involvement in clinical education. Contributing factors include full time faculty shortage, aging workforce, practice and student debt, practice and family commitments, and financial compensation. This study attempts to ascertain barriers to teaching so appropriate strategies can be formulated to address this issue. In the spring of 2016 an email survey was sent to current and former adjunct faculty members to ascertain demographics and retention and recruitment strategies. Descriptive analyses were completed for all variables in the sample. Twenty nine of forty six subjects responded to the survey with a response rate of 63%. Subjects over the age of sixty comprised 55% with only 17% being under the age of forty five. Overall family and practice commitments along with compensation were the primary barriers to teaching part time. For new dentists, student loan debt was the primary barrier to teaching. Travel to teach was also a barrier as 70% of respondents drove 200 miles or less to the dental school. The study demonstrated that the aging part time work force is a great concern and new part time clinical adjunct faculty members must be recruited. Barriers to recruitment and retention of faculty must be considered and addressed to sustain this teaching model.

  3. A Study of the Predictability of School District Bond Ratings.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Vedra, Kenneth David

    School district bond ratings, issued on request by Standard and Poor's Corporation or Moody's Investors Service, hold implications for school districts' financial management. Ultimately, the bond rating assigned is a factor affecting the total cost of the bond issuance, related to the principal and interest payments over the life of the debt. A…

  4. Endogenous fertility, Ricardian equivalence, and debt management policy.

    PubMed

    Lapan, H E; Enders, W

    1990-03-01

    This paper develops a model in which dynastic families optimally determine fertility. Government debt represents a tax on future generations and on childbearing; the Ricardian Equivalence Hypothesis does not hold. Debt is welfare reducing in that it distorts the fertility decision. An increase in government debt induces a decline in fertility and an increase in the steady state capital/labor ratio. If a government inherits an existing stock of debt, the 1st-best policy is to eliminate the debt immediately. In other situations the optimal debt management policy will not, in general, entail a total elimination of the debt.

  5. Iraq’s Debt Relief: Procedure and Potential Implications for International Debt Relief

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2008-10-02

    Order Code RL33376 Iraq’s Debt Relief: Procedure and Potential Implications for International Debt Relief Updated October 2, 2008 Martin A. Weiss...4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Iraq?s Debt Relief: Procedure and Potential Implications for International Debt Relief 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER...b. ABSTRACT unclassified c. THIS PAGE unclassified Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98) Prescribed by ANSI Std Z39-18 Iraq’s Debt Relief: Procedure

  6. 11 CFR 111.51 - Debts that are covered.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ...)) Collection of Debts Arising From Enforcement and Administration of Campaign Finance Laws § 111.51 Debts that... antitrust laws. (4) Debts under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. (5) Debts between the Commission and...

  7. 11 CFR 111.51 - Debts that are covered.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ...)) Collection of Debts Arising From Enforcement and Administration of Campaign Finance Laws § 111.51 Debts that... antitrust laws. (4) Debts under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. (5) Debts between the Commission and...

  8. 11 CFR 111.51 - Debts that are covered.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ...)) Collection of Debts Arising From Enforcement and Administration of Campaign Finance Laws § 111.51 Debts that... antitrust laws. (4) Debts under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. (5) Debts between the Commission and...

  9. 11 CFR 111.51 - Debts that are covered.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ...)) Collection of Debts Arising From Enforcement and Administration of Campaign Finance Laws § 111.51 Debts that... antitrust laws. (4) Debts under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. (5) Debts between the Commission and...

  10. 20 CFR 366.2 - Past-due legally enforceable debt.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... COLLECTION OF DEBTS BY FEDERAL TAX REFUND OFFSET § 366.2 Past-due legally enforceable debt. A past-due legally enforceable debt which may be referred to the Internal Revenue Service is a debt: (a) Which arose... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Past-due legally enforceable debt. 366.2...

  11. 45 CFR 2506.4 - What types of debts are excluded from these regulations?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false What types of debts are excluded from these...) CORPORATION FOR NATIONAL AND COMMUNITY SERVICE COLLECTION OF DEBTS Introduction § 2506.4 What types of debts are excluded from these regulations? The following types of debts are excluded: (a) Debts or claims...

  12. 45 CFR 2506.4 - What types of debts are excluded from these regulations?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false What types of debts are excluded from these...) CORPORATION FOR NATIONAL AND COMMUNITY SERVICE COLLECTION OF DEBTS Introduction § 2506.4 What types of debts are excluded from these regulations? The following types of debts are excluded: (a) Debts or claims...

  13. Student Debt and the Class of 2015. 11th Annual Report

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Cochrane, Debbie; Cheng, Diane

    2016-01-01

    Student Debt and the Class of 2015 is the eleventh annual report on the student loan debt of recent graduates from four-year colleges, documenting the rise in student loan debt and variation among states as well as colleges. This report includes policy recommendations to address rising student debt and reduce debt burdens, including collecting…

  14. Quality of life, burnout, educational debt, and medical knowledge among internal medicine residents.

    PubMed

    West, Colin P; Shanafelt, Tait D; Kolars, Joseph C

    2011-09-07

    Physician distress is common and has been associated with negative effects on patient care. However, factors associated with resident distress and well-being have not been well described at a national level. To measure well-being in a national sample of internal medicine residents and to evaluate relationships with demographics, educational debt, and medical knowledge. Study of internal medicine residents using data collected on 2008 and 2009 Internal Medicine In-Training Examination (IM-ITE) scores and the 2008 IM-ITE survey. Participants were 16,394 residents, representing 74.1% of all eligible US internal medicine residents in the 2008-2009 academic year. This total included 7743 US medical graduates and 8571 international medical graduates. Quality of life (QOL) and symptoms of burnout were assessed, as were year of training, sex, medical school location, educational debt, and IM-ITE score reported as percentage of correct responses. Quality of life was rated "as bad as it can be" or "somewhat bad" by 2402 of 16,187 responding residents (14.8%). Overall burnout and high levels of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization were reported by 8343 of 16,192 (51.5%), 7394 of 16,154 (45.8%), and 4541 of 15,737 (28.9%) responding residents, respectively. In multivariable models, burnout was less common among international medical graduates than among US medical graduates (45.1% vs 58.7%; odds ratio, 0.70 [99% CI, 0.63-0.77]; P < .001). Greater educational debt was associated with the presence of at least 1 symptom of burnout (61.5% vs 43.7%; odds ratio, 1.72 [99% CI, 1.49-1.99]; P < .001 for debt >$200,000 relative to no debt). Residents reporting QOL "as bad as it can be" and emotional exhaustion symptoms daily had mean IM-ITE scores 2.7 points (99% CI, 1.2-4.3; P < .001) and 4.2 points (99% CI, 2.5-5.9; P < .001) lower than those with QOL "as good as it can be" and no emotional exhaustion symptoms, respectively. Residents reporting debt greater than $200,000 had mean IM-ITE scores 5.0 points (99% CI, 4.4-5.6; P < .001) lower than those with no debt. These differences were similar in magnitude to the 4.1-point (99% CI, 3.9-4.3) and 2.6-point (99% CI, 2.4-2.8) mean differences associated with progressing from first to second and second to third years of training, respectively. In this national study of internal medicine residents, suboptimal QOL and symptoms of burnout were common. Symptoms of burnout were associated with higher debt and were less frequent among international medical graduates. Low QOL, emotional exhaustion, and educational debt were associated with lower IM-ITE scores.

  15. Effect of Educational Debt on Emergency Medicine Residents: A Qualitative Study Using Individual Interviews.

    PubMed

    Young, Timothy P; Brown, Madison M; Reibling, Ellen T; Ghassemzadeh, Sassan; Gordon, Dawn M; Phan, Tammy H; Thomas, Tamara L; Brown, Lance

    2016-10-01

    In 2001, less than 20% of emergency medicine residents had more than $150,000 of educational debt. Our emergency medicine residents anecdotally reported much larger debt loads. Surveys have reported that debt affects career and life choices. Qualitative approaches are well suited to explore how and why such complex phenomena occur. We aim to gain a better understanding of how our emergency medicine residents experience debt. We conducted individual semistructured interviews with emergency medicine residents. We collected self-reported data related to educational debt and asked open-ended questions about debt influence on career choices, personal life, future plans, and financial decisions. We undertook a structured thematic analysis using a qualitative approach based in the grounded theory method. Median educational debt was $212,000. Six themes emerged from our analysis: (1) debt influenced career and life decisions by altering priorities; (2) residents experienced debt as a persistent source of background stress and felt powerless to change it; (3) residents made use of various techniques to negotiate debt in order to focus on day-to-day work; (4) personal debt philosophy, based on individual values and obtained from family, shaped how debt affected each individual; (5) debt had a normative effect and was acculturated in residency; and (6) residents reported a wide range of financial knowledge, but recognized its importance to career success. Our emergency medicine residents' debt experience is complex and involves multiple dimensions. Given our current understanding, simple solutions are unlikely to be effective in adequately addressing this issue. Copyright © 2016 American College of Emergency Physicians. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  16. 15 CFR 19.8 - When will Commerce entities suspend or terminate debt collection on a Commerce debt?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false When will Commerce entities suspend or terminate debt collection on a Commerce debt? 19.8 Section 19.8 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce COMMERCE DEBT COLLECTION Procedures To Collect Commerce Debts § 19.8 When will...

  17. 15 CFR 19.8 - When will Commerce entities suspend or terminate debt collection on a Commerce debt?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false When will Commerce entities suspend or terminate debt collection on a Commerce debt? 19.8 Section 19.8 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce COMMERCE DEBT COLLECTION Procedures To Collect Commerce Debts § 19.8 When will...

  18. 15 CFR 19.8 - When will Commerce entities suspend or terminate debt collection on a Commerce debt?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false When will Commerce entities suspend or terminate debt collection on a Commerce debt? 19.8 Section 19.8 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce COMMERCE DEBT COLLECTION Procedures To Collect Commerce Debts § 19.8 When will...

  19. 15 CFR 19.8 - When will Commerce entities suspend or terminate debt collection on a Commerce debt?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false When will Commerce entities suspend or terminate debt collection on a Commerce debt? 19.8 Section 19.8 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce COMMERCE DEBT COLLECTION Procedures To Collect Commerce Debts § 19.8 When will...

  20. 15 CFR 19.8 - When will Commerce entities suspend or terminate debt collection on a Commerce debt?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false When will Commerce entities suspend or terminate debt collection on a Commerce debt? 19.8 Section 19.8 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce COMMERCE DEBT COLLECTION Procedures To Collect Commerce Debts § 19.8 When will...

  1. Poverty Levels and Debt Indicators among Low-Income Households before and after the Great Recession

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kim, Kyoung Tae; Wilmarth, Melissa J.; Henager, Robin

    2017-01-01

    This study analyzed the debt profile of low-income households before and after the Great Recession using the 2007, 2010, and 2013 Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF). We used Heckman selection models to investigate three debt characteristics: (a) the amount of debt, (b) debt-to-income ratio, and (c) debt delinquency. Before and after the Great…

  2. 36 CFR 1011.8 - When will the Presidio Trust suspend or terminate debt collection on a debt?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false When will the Presidio Trust... PRESIDIO TRUST DEBT COLLECTION Procedures To Collect Presidio Trust Debts § 1011.8 When will the Presidio Trust suspend or terminate debt collection on a debt? If, after pursuing all appropriate means of...

  3. 12 CFR 34.23 - Prepayment fees.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... the outstanding debt over the remaining loan term at the then-current interest rate, that are made in... Banking COMPTROLLER OF THE CURRENCY, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY REAL ESTATE LENDING AND APPRAISALS Adjustable-Rate Mortgages § 34.23 Prepayment fees. A national bank offering or purchasing ARM loans may...

  4. 31 CFR 359.10 - What is the fixed rate of return?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ...) FISCAL SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY BUREAU OF THE PUBLIC DEBT OFFERING OF UNITED STATES SAVINGS BONDS, SERIES I General Information § 359.10 What is the fixed rate of return? The Secretary, or the... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What is the fixed rate of return? 359...

  5. 7 CFR 1956.102 - Application of policies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ...) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) DEBT SETTLEMENT Debt Settlement-Community and Business Programs § 1956.102 Application of policies. (a) General. If a debt is eligible for settlement, the debt settlement authorities of... in connection with debt settlement will adhere strictly to the authorizations, requirements, and...

  6. 7 CFR 1956.102 - Application of policies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ...) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) DEBT SETTLEMENT Debt Settlement-Community and Business Programs § 1956.102 Application of policies. (a) General. If a debt is eligible for settlement, the debt settlement authorities of... in connection with debt settlement will adhere strictly to the authorizations, requirements, and...

  7. 7 CFR 1956.102 - Application of policies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ...) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) DEBT SETTLEMENT Debt Settlement-Community and Business Programs § 1956.102 Application of policies. (a) General. If a debt is eligible for settlement, the debt settlement authorities of... in connection with debt settlement will adhere strictly to the authorizations, requirements, and...

  8. 7 CFR 1956.102 - Application of policies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ...) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) DEBT SETTLEMENT Debt Settlement-Community and Business Programs § 1956.102 Application of policies. (a) General. If a debt is eligible for settlement, the debt settlement authorities of... in connection with debt settlement will adhere strictly to the authorizations, requirements, and...

  9. Associations Between Pharmacy Students' Attitudes Toward Debt, Stress, and Student Loans.

    PubMed

    Chisholm-Burns, Marie A; Spivey, Christina A; Jaeger, Melanie C; Williams, Jennifer

    2017-09-01

    Objective. To assess graduating pharmacy students' attitudes toward debt and determine associations with stress, student loan debt, financial need, current employment, post-graduation plans, and expected length of time to repay loans. Methods. Survey was conducted using an attitudes-toward-debt scale (sub-scales: tolerant attitudes toward debt; contemplation and knowledge about loans; fear of debt), Perceived Stress Scale, and questions concerning current employment, estimated total student loan debt, post-graduation plans, and expected length of time to repay loans. Federal loan data were collected using financial aid records. Independent samples t -test, ANOVA, and Pearson's r correlations were conducted. Results. There were 147 students (96.7%) who participated. The majority were female (59.2%), white (69.4%), and had federal student loans (90.5%). Mean total loan amount was $153,276 (SD $59,810), which included federal students loans accumulated before and during pharmacy school. No significant differences were noted on attitudes toward debt or stress based on whether respondents had federal student loans. Greater "fear of debt" was correlated with increased stress, estimated total student loan debt, total federal loan debt, and pharmacy school loan debt. Greater "contemplation and knowledge about loans" was correlated with lower estimated total student loan debt, total federal loan amount, and pharmacy school loan amount. Students with higher "contemplation and knowledge" scores expected to repay loans within a shorter time frame than students with lower scores. Conclusion. Increased fear of debt was related to greater perceived stress and higher student loan amounts borrowed, while increased contemplation and knowledge about loans was associated with lower amounts borrowed. Educational programming concerning loans, debt, and personal financial management may help reduce stress and amount borrowed.

  10. The association of debt financing with not-for-profit hospitals' operational and capital-investment efficiency.

    PubMed

    Magnus, Stephen A; Wheeler, John R C; Smith, Dean G

    2004-01-01

    Increased debt in companies can motivate both operational and capital-investment efficiency. This positive influence of debt is attributed to creditors' oversight of corporate behavior and the need to generate cash flows to service debt. Our study investigates whether debt has a similar relationship with efficiency in not-for-profit hospitals. Using statistical analysis of a database of audited financial statements of not-for-profit hospitals, we test whether debt is associated with six distinct measures of operational and capital-investment efficiency. We find that debt either has no association with efficiency or predicts decreased efficiency. Possible explanations are that creditors' oversight is less tight in the not-for-profit setting and that debt may at times motivate excessive capital investment because of a legal requirement to tie tax-exempt debt with a capital-investment project.

  11. Pharmacy Students' Attitudes Toward Debt.

    PubMed

    Park, Taehwan; Yusuf, Akeem A; Hadsall, Ronald S

    2015-05-25

    To examine pharmacy students' attitudes toward debt. Two hundred thirteen pharmacy students at the University of Minnesota were surveyed using items designed to assess attitudes toward debt. Factor analysis was performed to identify common themes. Subgroup analysis was performed to examine whether students' debt-tolerant attitudes varied according to their demographic characteristics, past loan experience, monthly income, and workload. Principal component extraction with varimax rotation identified 3 factor themes accounting for 49.0% of the total variance: tolerant attitudes toward debt (23.5%); contemplation and knowledge about loans (14.3%); and fear of debt (11.2%). Tolerant attitudes toward debt were higher if students were white or if they had had past loan experience. These 3 themes in students' attitudes toward debt were consistent with those identified in previous research. Pharmacy schools should consider providing a structured financial education to improve student management of debt.

  12. 24 CFR 242.1 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    .... Debt service coverage ratio is a measure of a hospital's ability to pay interest and principal with cash generated from current operations. Debt service ratio is calculated as follows: Debt Service Coverage Ratio (total debt service coverage on all long-term capital debt) equals the excess of revenues...

  13. 24 CFR 242.1 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    .... Debt service coverage ratio is a measure of a hospital's ability to pay interest and principal with cash generated from current operations. Debt service ratio is calculated as follows: Debt Service Coverage Ratio (total debt service coverage on all long-term capital debt) equals the excess of revenues...

  14. Interest Rates, Inflation, and the National Debt.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Haseltine, Robert W.

    1985-01-01

    Government must act more fiscally responsible. The government must put the brakes on an economy it has allowed to run free, and citizens must be willing to support a government that will act tough in the domestic market in order to lower interest rates, reduce inflationary pressure, and increase employment. (Author/RM)

  15. 40 CFR 13.11 - Interest, penalty and administrative costs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... rate is necessary to protect the interest of the Government. EPA will notify the debtor of the basis for its finding that a different rate is necessary to protect the interest of the Government. (2) The... assess interest on all delinquent debts unless prohibited by statute, regulation or contract. (1...

  16. Cohort Default Rates in Context

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Looney, Shannon M.

    2011-01-01

    Burgeoning student loan debt indicates problems not only for the country's borrowers but also for the postsecondary system. The rise in student loan defaults signifies a rise in institutional cohort default rates (CDRs)--a measure of accountability that informs the government and the general public how well an institution prepares its students for…

  17. 13 CFR 107.845 - Maximum rate of amortization on Loans and Debt Securities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... ADMINISTRATION SMALL BUSINESS INVESTMENT COMPANIES Financing of Small Businesses by Licensees Structuring Licensee's Financing of An Eligible Small Business: Terms and Conditions of Financing § 107.845 Maximum... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Maximum rate of amortization on...

  18. 12 CFR 32.5 - Combination rules.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... debt restructuring approved by the OCC, upon request by a bank for application of the non combination... external debt management; and (D) Whether the restructuring includes features of debt or debt-service... generally liable for the debts or actions of the partnership, joint venture, or association, and those...

  19. 12 CFR 32.5 - Combination rules.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... debt restructuring approved by the OCC, upon request by a bank for application of the non combination... external debt management; and (D) Whether the restructuring includes features of debt or debt-service... generally liable for the debts or actions of the partnership, joint venture, or association, and those...

  20. 12 CFR 615.5502 - Issuance of global debt securities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 7 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Issuance of global debt securities. 615.5502... AFFAIRS, LOAN POLICIES AND OPERATIONS, AND FUNDING OPERATIONS Global Debt Securities § 615.5502 Issuance of global debt securities. (a) The Funding Corporation may provide for the sale of global debt...

  1. 12 CFR 615.5502 - Issuance of global debt securities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 7 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Issuance of global debt securities. 615.5502... AFFAIRS, LOAN POLICIES AND OPERATIONS, AND FUNDING OPERATIONS Global Debt Securities § 615.5502 Issuance of global debt securities. (a) The Funding Corporation may provide for the sale of global debt...

  2. 12 CFR 615.5502 - Issuance of global debt securities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 7 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Issuance of global debt securities. 615.5502... AFFAIRS, LOAN POLICIES AND OPERATIONS, AND FUNDING OPERATIONS Global Debt Securities § 615.5502 Issuance of global debt securities. (a) The Funding Corporation may provide for the sale of global debt...

  3. 12 CFR 615.5502 - Issuance of global debt securities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Issuance of global debt securities. 615.5502... AFFAIRS, LOAN POLICIES AND OPERATIONS, AND FUNDING OPERATIONS Global Debt Securities § 615.5502 Issuance of global debt securities. (a) The Funding Corporation may provide for the sale of global debt...

  4. 29 CFR 20.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Definitions. For purposes of this subpart— (a) The term commercial debt means any non-tax business debt in...) The term consumer debt means any non-tax debt of an individual in excess of $100, arising from loans—loan guarantees, overpayments, fines, penalties, or other causes. (c) A debt is considered delinquent...

  5. 41 CFR 105-56.010 - Deductions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... delinquent non-tax debt owed to the United States. GSA will pursue, when appropriate, such debt collection... of any nature. If the debt cannot be satisfied from subsequent payments, then the debt will be...) Types of collection. A debt may be collected in one lump sum or in installments. Collection will be by...

  6. 48 CFR 32.606 - Debt collection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Debt collection. 32.606... REQUIREMENTS CONTRACT FINANCING Contract Debts 32.606 Debt collection. (a) If the contractor has not liquidated the debt within 30 days of the date due or requested installment payments or deferment of collection...

  7. 12 CFR 541.7 - Corporate debt security.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Corporate debt security. 541.7 Section 541.7... AFFECTING FEDERAL SAVINGS ASSOCIATIONS § 541.7 Corporate debt security. The term corporate debt security..., note and/or debenture which is commonly regarded as a debt security and is not predominantly...

  8. 12 CFR 141.7 - Corporate debt security.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Corporate debt security. 141.7 Section 141.7... AFFECTING FEDERAL SAVINGS ASSOCIATIONS § 141.7 Corporate debt security. The term corporate debt security..., note and/or debenture which is commonly regarded as a debt security and is not predominantly...

  9. 12 CFR 541.7 - Corporate debt security.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2014-01-01 2012-01-01 true Corporate debt security. 541.7 Section 541.7... AFFECTING FEDERAL SAVINGS ASSOCIATIONS § 541.7 Corporate debt security. The term corporate debt security..., note and/or debenture which is commonly regarded as a debt security and is not predominantly...

  10. 12 CFR 141.7 - Corporate debt security.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Corporate debt security. 141.7 Section 141.7... AFFECTING FEDERAL SAVINGS ASSOCIATIONS § 141.7 Corporate debt security. The term corporate debt security..., note and/or debenture which is commonly regarded as a debt security and is not predominantly...

  11. 12 CFR 541.7 - Corporate debt security.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 5 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Corporate debt security. 541.7 Section 541.7... AFFECTING FEDERAL SAVINGS ASSOCIATIONS § 541.7 Corporate debt security. The term corporate debt security..., note and/or debenture which is commonly regarded as a debt security and is not predominantly...

  12. 12 CFR 141.7 - Corporate debt security.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Corporate debt security. 141.7 Section 141.7... AFFECTING FEDERAL SAVINGS ASSOCIATIONS § 141.7 Corporate debt security. The term corporate debt security..., note and/or debenture which is commonly regarded as a debt security and is not predominantly...

  13. 12 CFR 541.7 - Corporate debt security.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Corporate debt security. 541.7 Section 541.7... AFFECTING FEDERAL SAVINGS ASSOCIATIONS § 541.7 Corporate debt security. The term corporate debt security..., note and/or debenture which is commonly regarded as a debt security and is not predominantly...

  14. 12 CFR 541.7 - Corporate debt security.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2013-01-01 2012-01-01 true Corporate debt security. 541.7 Section 541.7... AFFECTING FEDERAL SAVINGS ASSOCIATIONS § 541.7 Corporate debt security. The term corporate debt security..., note and/or debenture which is commonly regarded as a debt security and is not predominantly...

  15. Debt and Foregone Medical Care

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kalousova, Lucie; Burgard, Sarah A.

    2013-01-01

    Most American households carry debt, yet we have little understanding of how debt influences health behavior, especially health care seeking. We examined associations between foregone medical care and debt using a population-based sample of 914 southeastern Michigan residents surveyed in the wake of the late-2000s recession. Overall debt and…

  16. Rethinking Student Loan Debt: Tools and Strategies for Debt Management.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Mason, Susan G.

    2001-01-01

    Analyzes student loan debt at the University of Missouri-St. Louis School of Optometry, showing the need for a comprehensive debt management program. Presents a model for determining manageable amounts of student loan debt developed from conventional lending criteria and data on earnings for optometrists. (EV)

  17. How well is debt managed by nonprofits?

    PubMed

    Tuckman, H P; Chang, C F

    1993-01-01

    Little is known about why nonprofits accrue debt, how much they owe, and whether the funds they borrow are used productively. This article distinguishes between productive, problematic, and deferred debt. Employing a data base representative of 114,726 tax-filing charitable nonprofits in the United States in 1986, it examines the pervasiveness of nonprofit debt and the relation between this debt and nonprofit financial health. The analysis finds that over 70 percent of the nonprofits hold debt, the distribution of this debt is highly concentrated, and the level of debt and leverage varies with asset size and type of activity. Nonprofits with higher leverage and absolute debt levels are financially healthier than those with lower levels. While the analysis does not determine whether financially stronger nonprofits are better able to borrow, the results support the view that borrowing in the nonprofit sector is economically efficient.

  18. Pharmacy Students’ Attitudes Toward Debt

    PubMed Central

    Yusuf, Akeem A.; Hadsall, Ronald S.

    2015-01-01

    Objective. To examine pharmacy students’ attitudes toward debt. Methods. Two hundred thirteen pharmacy students at the University of Minnesota were surveyed using items designed to assess attitudes toward debt. Factor analysis was performed to identify common themes. Subgroup analysis was performed to examine whether students’ debt-tolerant attitudes varied according to their demographic characteristics, past loan experience, monthly income, and workload. Results. Principal component extraction with varimax rotation identified 3 factor themes accounting for 49.0% of the total variance: tolerant attitudes toward debt (23.5%); contemplation and knowledge about loans (14.3%); and fear of debt (11.2%). Tolerant attitudes toward debt were higher if students were white or if they had had past loan experience. Conclusion. These 3 themes in students’ attitudes toward debt were consistent with those identified in previous research. Pharmacy schools should consider providing a structured financial education to improve student management of debt. PMID:26089561

  19. Tough choices in tough times: debt and medication nonadherence.

    PubMed

    Kalousova, Lucie; Burgard, Sarah A

    2014-04-01

    Debt is a ubiquitous component of households' financial portfolios. Yet we have scant understanding of how household debt constrains spending on needed health care. Diverse types of debt have different financial properties and recent work has shown that they may have varying implications for spending on needed health care. In this article, we explore the associations between indebtedness and medication nonadherence. First, we consider overall debt levels and then we disaggregate debt into types. We use a population-based sample of 434 residents of southeast Michigan who had been prescribed medications, collected in 2009-2010, the wake of the Great Recession. We find no association between medication nonadherence and total indebtedness. However, when we assess each type of debt separately, we find that having medical or credit card debt is positively associated with medication nonadherence, even net of household income, net worth, and other characteristics. Furthermore, patients with greater amounts of medical or credit card debt are more likely to be nonadherent than those with less. Our results suggest that credit card debt and medical debt may have serious implications for the relative affordability of prescription medications. These associations have been overlooked in past research and deserve further examination.

  20. Canadian dental students' perceptions of stress.

    PubMed

    Muirhead, Vanessa; Locker, David

    2007-05-01

    In this paper, we report the results of a survey on dental student stress carried out in April 2005. A questionnaire was used to collect data from 171 students (62% response rate). Identified stressors were academic, clinic-related, social and financial. "Examination and grades" produced the most academic stress, and inconsistent feedback from instructors created the most clinic-related stress. Students found that having a dual role--wife or husband and dental student--was the most burdensome social stressor. Approximately 60% of students reported marital problems and stress associated with "relations with members of the opposite sex." Survey results showed that students who expected a high graduating debt had higher total and academic stress scores. Total stress was not related to age, gender or marital status. Students living with parents during term time had significantly higher total stress scores than students living in other arrangements. Students residing with parents also had significantly higher debts on entry to dental school. Students with more predental education had (non-significantly) lower stress scores but also had higher student debts. Undergraduate subject major (biological science or non-science) had no bearing on reported stress. This study highlights the negative effects of student debt, the necessity for staff training and the need for further studies exploring relations among stress, psychological well-being and academic performance.

  1. Extinction debt from climate change for frogs in the wet tropics.

    PubMed

    Fordham, Damien A; Brook, Barry W; Hoskin, Conrad J; Pressey, Robert L; VanDerWal, Jeremy; Williams, Stephen E

    2016-10-01

    The effect of twenty-first-century climate change on biodiversity is commonly forecast based on modelled shifts in species ranges, linked to habitat suitability. These projections have been coupled with species-area relationships (SAR) to infer extinction rates indirectly as a result of the loss of climatically suitable areas and associated habitat. This approach does not model population dynamics explicitly, and so accepts that extinctions might occur after substantial (but unknown) delays-an extinction debt. Here we explicitly couple bioclimatic envelope models of climate and habitat suitability with generic life-history models for 24 species of frogs found in the Australian Wet Tropics (AWT). We show that (i) as many as four species of frogs face imminent extinction by 2080, due primarily to climate change; (ii) three frogs face delayed extinctions; and (iii) this extinction debt will take at least a century to be realized in full. Furthermore, we find congruence between forecast rates of extinction using SARs, and demographic models with an extinction lag of 120 years. We conclude that SAR approaches can provide useful advice to conservation on climate change impacts, provided there is a good understanding of the time lags over which delayed extinctions are likely to occur. © 2016 The Author(s).

  2. 47 CFR 1.2111 - Assignment or transfer of control: unjust enrichment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... nonattributable equity investments, debt financing, revenue from operations or other investments, business... after restructuring or entry into a material relationship), plus interest based on the rate for ten year...

  3. 47 CFR 1.2111 - Assignment or transfer of control: unjust enrichment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... nonattributable equity investments, debt financing, revenue from operations or other investments, business... after restructuring or entry into a material relationship), plus interest based on the rate for ten year...

  4. 47 CFR 1.2111 - Assignment or transfer of control: unjust enrichment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... nonattributable equity investments, debt financing, revenue from operations or other investments, business... after restructuring or entry into a material relationship), plus interest based on the rate for ten year...

  5. Associations Between Pharmacy Students’ Attitudes Toward Debt, Stress, and Student Loans

    PubMed Central

    Spivey, Christina A.; Jaeger, Melanie C.; Williams, Jennifer

    2017-01-01

    Objective. To assess graduating pharmacy students’ attitudes toward debt and determine associations with stress, student loan debt, financial need, current employment, post-graduation plans, and expected length of time to repay loans. Methods. Survey was conducted using an attitudes-toward-debt scale (sub-scales: tolerant attitudes toward debt; contemplation and knowledge about loans; fear of debt), Perceived Stress Scale, and questions concerning current employment, estimated total student loan debt, post-graduation plans, and expected length of time to repay loans. Federal loan data were collected using financial aid records. Independent samples t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson’s r correlations were conducted. Results. There were 147 students (96.7%) who participated. The majority were female (59.2%), white (69.4%), and had federal student loans (90.5%). Mean total loan amount was $153,276 (SD $59,810), which included federal students loans accumulated before and during pharmacy school. No significant differences were noted on attitudes toward debt or stress based on whether respondents had federal student loans. Greater “fear of debt” was correlated with increased stress, estimated total student loan debt, total federal loan debt, and pharmacy school loan debt. Greater “contemplation and knowledge about loans” was correlated with lower estimated total student loan debt, total federal loan amount, and pharmacy school loan amount. Students with higher “contemplation and knowledge” scores expected to repay loans within a shorter time frame than students with lower scores. Conclusion. Increased fear of debt was related to greater perceived stress and higher student loan amounts borrowed, while increased contemplation and knowledge about loans was associated with lower amounts borrowed. Educational programming concerning loans, debt, and personal financial management may help reduce stress and amount borrowed. PMID:29109558

  6. 7 CFR 1951.213 - Debt settlement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 14 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Debt settlement. 1951.213 Section 1951.213 Agriculture... and Grants § 1951.213 Debt settlement. Subpart C of part 1956 of this chapter prescribes policies and procedures for debt settlement actions for loans covered under this subpart when it is determined that a debt...

  7. 45 CFR 30.13 - Debt reporting and use of credit reporting agencies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Debt reporting and use of credit reporting... CLAIMS COLLECTION Standards for the Administrative Collection of Debts § 30.13 Debt reporting and use of... over $100 to credit bureaus or other automated databases. Debts arising under the Social Security Act...

  8. 75 FR 31736 - Modifications of Debt Instruments

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-06-04

    ... that is not debt for Federal income tax purposes, even if the alteration occurs by operation of the... modified debt instrument is debt or some other property right for Federal income tax purposes. However, any... results in an instrument or property right that is not debt for Federal income tax purposes is a [[Page...

  9. 45 CFR 32.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ...-tax debt to the United States. Delinquent debt means any non-tax debt that has not been paid by the... considered the last day of the period. Debt or claim means an amount of money, funds, or property that has been determined by the Secretary to be owed to the United States by an individual, including debt...

  10. 5 CFR 831.1305 - Collection of debts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 5 Administrative Personnel 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Collection of debts. 831.1305 Section 831... (CONTINUED) RETIREMENT Collection of Debts § 831.1305 Collection of debts. (a) Means of collection. Collection of a debt may be made by means of offset under § 831.1306, or under any statutory provision...

  11. 20 CFR 367.2 - Past-due legally enforceable debt.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... RECOVERY OF DEBTS OWED TO THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT BY ADMINISTRATIVE OFFSET § 367.2 Past-due legally enforceable debt. A past-due legally enforceable debt which may be referred to another governmental agency for... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Past-due legally enforceable debt. 367.2...

  12. 26 CFR 1.166-1 - Bad debts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Bad debts. 1.166-1 Section 1.166-1 Internal... TAXES (CONTINUED) Itemized Deductions for Individuals and Corporations § 1.166-1 Bad debts. (a... shall be allowed in respect of bad debts owed to the taxpayer. For this purpose, bad debts shall...

  13. The Race to Refinance Debt: Market Offers Opportunities to Reduce Interest Costs.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    DuPont, Lorrie A.

    1992-01-01

    In this interest market, colleges and universities could benefit from careful evaluation of debt portfolios. Refinancing debt is an opportunity to lower debt service costs, ease cash flow, change security pledges, eliminate debt service reserves, update bond documents. Timing is important. Existing and new bonds can also be combined…

  14. 29 CFR 1650.206 - Notification to Treasury.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION DEBT COLLECTION Procedures... referring a debt to Treasury, EEOC will certify that the debt meets all of the requirements in § 1650.202..., the amount of the debt, the date on which the debt became past-due, and the designation of EEOC as the...

  15. 29 CFR 1650.206 - Notification to Treasury.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION DEBT COLLECTION Procedures... referring a debt to Treasury, EEOC will certify that the debt meets all of the requirements in § 1650.202..., the amount of the debt, the date on which the debt became past-due, and the designation of EEOC as the...

  16. 29 CFR 1650.206 - Notification to Treasury.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION DEBT COLLECTION Procedures... referring a debt to Treasury, EEOC will certify that the debt meets all of the requirements in § 1650.202..., the amount of the debt, the date on which the debt became past-due, and the designation of EEOC as the...

  17. 29 CFR 1650.206 - Notification to Treasury.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION DEBT COLLECTION Procedures... referring a debt to Treasury, EEOC will certify that the debt meets all of the requirements in § 1650.202..., the amount of the debt, the date on which the debt became past-due, and the designation of EEOC as the...

  18. 29 CFR 1650.206 - Notification to Treasury.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION DEBT COLLECTION Procedures... referring a debt to Treasury, EEOC will certify that the debt meets all of the requirements in § 1650.202..., the amount of the debt, the date on which the debt became past-due, and the designation of EEOC as the...

  19. 31 CFR 351.2 - How do I contact Public Debt?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY BUREAU OF THE PUBLIC DEBT OFFERING OF UNITED STATES SAVINGS BONDS, SERIES EE General Information § 351.2 How do I contact Public Debt? You may contact Public Debt by e-mail at [email protected], or by writing to the following address: Bureau of the Public Debt...

  20. Unemployment and sovereign debt crisis in the Eurozone: A k-means- r analysis

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Dias, João

    2017-09-01

    Some southern countries in Europe, together with Ireland, were particularly affected by the sovereign debt crises in the Eurozone and were obliged to implement tough corrective measures which proved to be very recessive in nature. As a result, not only GDP declined but unemployment jumped to very high levels as well. This paper uses a modified version of k-means (restricted k-means) to analyze the clustering of the Eurozone countries during the recent sovereign debt crisis, combining monthly data on unemployment and government bond yield rates. Our method shows that the separation of southern Europe from the other Eurozone is not necessarily a good characterization of this area before the crisis but the group of externally assisted countries plus Italy gains consistence as the crisis evolved, although there is no perfect homogeneity in this group, since the problems they faced, the type of response requested, the speed of reaction to the crisis and the lasting effects were not the same for all these countries.

  1. A longitudinal ecological study of the influences of political, economic, and health services characteristics on under-five mortality in less-developed countries.

    PubMed

    Chuang, Ying-Chih; Sung, Pei-Wei; Chao, Hsing Jasmine; Bai, Chyi-Huey; Chang, Chia-Jung

    2013-09-01

    This study used a longitudinal dataset and lagged dependent-variable panel regression models to examine whether political and economic characteristics directly predict under-5-year mortality rates (U5MR), and moderate the effects of health services and environment on U5MR. We used a sample of 46 less-developed countries from 1980 to 2009. Our results showed that the effects of political and economic characteristics on U5MR varied by non-sub-Saharan and sub-Saharan countries. After controlling for baseline U5MR and other socioeconomic variables, while foreign investment and health services were negatively associated U5MR, democracy was positively associated with U5MR in nonsub-Saharan countries. In contrast, debt was positively associated with and democracy and foreign investment were negatively associated with U5MR in sub-Saharan countries. The interaction analyses indicated that for sub-Saharan countries, the effects of health services on U5MR only existed for countries with low foreign investment. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  2. What Can Tobit-Piecewise Regression Tell Us about the Determinants of Household Educational Debt?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Thipbharos, Titirut

    2014-01-01

    Educational debt as part of household debt remains a problem for Thailand. The significant factors of household characteristics with regard to educational debt are shown by constructing a Tobit-piecewise regression for three different clusters, namely poor, middle and affluent households in Thailand. It was found that household debt is likely to…

  3. 12 CFR 313.122 - Notification of debt to FMS.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... PROCEDURES FOR CORPORATE DEBT COLLECTION Tax Refund Offset § 313.122 Notification of debt to FMS. The FDIC shall notify FMS of the amount of any past due, legally enforceable non-tax debt owed to it by a person, for the purpose of collecting such debt by tax refund offset. Notification and referral to FMS of such...

  4. 45 CFR 2506.7 - Why does the Corporation have to collect debts?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... NATIONAL AND COMMUNITY SERVICE COLLECTION OF DEBTS Introduction § 2506.7 Why does the Corporation have to collect debts? Federal agencies are required to try to collect claims or debts of the Federal Government... 45 Public Welfare 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Why does the Corporation have to collect debts...

  5. 7 CFR 792.20 - Reporting discharged debts to IRS.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Government's ability to prove its case in court for the full amount of the debt. (2) The amount of a debt... 7 Agriculture 7 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Reporting discharged debts to IRS. 792.20 Section 792..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE PROVISIONS COMMON TO MORE THAN ONE PROGRAM DEBT SETTLEMENT POLICIES AND PROCEDURES...

  6. Student Debt and the Class of 2008

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Reed, Matthew; Cheng, Diane

    2009-01-01

    This paper is the fourth annual report on the student loan debt of new college graduates. This analysis of the most recent available data found that student debt continued to rise even as it got harder for recent graduates to find jobs, and that debt levels vary considerably from state to state and college to college. Nationwide, average debt for…

  7. 36 CFR 1011.14 - How will the Presidio Trust report debts to credit bureaus?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false How will the Presidio Trust... TRUST DEBT COLLECTION Procedures To Collect Presidio Trust Debts § 1011.14 How will the Presidio Trust report debts to credit bureaus? The Presidio Trust will report delinquent debts to credit bureaus in...

  8. Attractiveness of family medicine for medical students

    PubMed Central

    Vanasse, Alain; Orzanco, Maria Gabriela; Courteau, Josiane; Scott, Sarah

    2011-01-01

    Abstract Objective To examine the association between students’ personal characteristics, backgrounds, and medical schools and their intention to enter a family medicine (FM) specialty. Design Descriptive study using data from the 2007 National Physician Survey. Setting Canada. Participants Clinical (n = 1109) and preclinical (n = 829) medical student respondents to the 2007 National Physician Survey. Main outcome measures The main variable was hoping to enter an FM specialty, and 40 independent variables were included in regression and classification-tree models. Results Fewer than 1 medical student in 3 (30.2% at the preclinical level and 31.4% at the clinical level) hoped to enter into an FM career. Those who did were more likely to be female, were slightly older, were more frequently married or living with partners, were typically born in Canada, and were more likely to have previous exposure to non-urban environments. The most important predictor for both populations was the debt related to medical studies, which acted in the opposite direction of whether or not students were interested in research. Students interested in research were attracted by specialties with high earning potential, while those not interested in research looked for short residency programs, such as FM, so they could begin to pay off debt sooner. Therefore, the interest in research appears to be inversely related to the choice of FM. Conclusion Less than one-third of medical students were looking for residencies in FM in Canada. This is far below the goals of 45% set at the national level and 50% set by some provinces like Quebec. Debt and interest in research have strong influences on the choice of residency by medical students. PMID:21673198

  9. Does student debt affect dental students' and dentists' stress levels?

    PubMed

    Boyles, J D; Ahmed, B

    2017-10-27

    Introduction Many studies have shown financial worries and debt to induce stress in individuals, this combined with the existing stress of being a dentist raises the question of how student debt affects students' and dentists' stress levels.Objectives Determine whether student debt has had any noticeable effect on student stress levels; investigate whether student debt has any effect on dentists' career choice; investigate whether the increase in tuition fees has influenced the number of applicants to study dentistry at the University of Birmingham.Method Anonymous questionnaires were completed by 70 4th year and 38 5th year BDS and 22 Dental Core Trainees (DCTs). Participants circled the response which best fitted their situation regarding statements on their level of stress and future career path. Ethical approval granted. Application figures to study dentistry obtained from head of admissions.Results Forty-two percent of males and 63% of females strongly agreed with the statement that having no debt would reduce their stress levels. Of those with debt >£40,000, 11% strongly agreed and 42% agreed that their total amount of student debt causes them stress. Whereas, those whose debt is <£40,000 only 2% strongly agreed and 28% agreed that their total amount of student debt causes them stress. Seventy-seven percent of participants who had parental or family financial support reported this reduced their stress levels. Student debt was found to deter females from undertaking further study more than it deters males (P <0.001). Students with a higher level of debt were more likely to worry about their total student loan(s) (P <0.001). Moreover, students with a higher level of debt were more likely to be stressed about their total student loan(s) (P <0.001). Parental/family contribution to student expenses reduces student stress (P <0.001). Applications to study dentistry since the rise in tuition fees have decreased by 42%.Conclusion Student debt has had an impact on student stress; students reporting a higher level of debt also report more stress and concern about paying off their student debt. Having no student debt would reduce stress levels, although to what extent is undetermined. Applications to study dentistry have fallen since the increase in tuition fees.

  10. 22 CFR 213.12 - Interest, penalty and administrative costs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... interest of the Government. USAID will notify the debtor of the basis for its finding that a different rate is necessary to protect the interest of the Government. (2) The rate of interest, as initially... delinquent debts unless prohibited by statute, regulation or contract. (1) Interest begins to accrue on all...

  11. 76 FR 59592 - Government Securities Act Regulations; Replacement of References to Credit Ratings and Technical...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-09-27

    ...://www.treasurydirect.gov . Paper Comments Send paper comments to Bureau of the Public Debt, Government... includes commercial paper, which, in order to receive the more favorable haircut treatment of Treasury..., each in regard to commercial paper. NRSROs are credit rating agencies that are subject to Securities...

  12. 31 CFR 351.14 - When are rate announcements that apply to Series EE savings bonds announced?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... apply to Series EE savings bonds announced? 351.14 Section 351.14 Money and Finance: Treasury... PUBLIC DEBT OFFERING OF UNITED STATES SAVINGS BONDS, SERIES EE Maturities, Redemption Values, and Investment Yields of Series EE Savings Bonds General Provisions § 351.14 When are rate announcements that...

  13. 18 CFR 2.15 - Specified reasonable rate of return.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... average cost of long-term debt and preferred stock for the year, and the cost of common equity shall be... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Specified reasonable rate of return. 2.15 Section 2.15 Conservation of Power and Water Resources FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY...

  14. Implications of the method of capital cost payment on the weighted average cost of capital.

    PubMed Central

    Boles, K E

    1986-01-01

    The author develops a theoretical and mathematical model, based on published financial management literature, to describe the cost of capital structure for health care delivery entities. This model is then used to generate the implications of changing the capital cost reimbursement mechanism from a cost basis to a prospective basis. The implications are that the cost of capital is increased substantially, the use of debt must be restricted, interest rates for borrowed funds will increase, and, initially, firms utilizing debt efficiently under cost-basis reimbursement will be restricted to the generation of funds from equity only under a prospective system. PMID:3525468

  15. Retention and recruitment of general dentists in an adjunct teaching model—A pilot study

    PubMed Central

    Barwacz, Christopher A.; Parker, I. Reed; Straub-Morarend, Cheryl L.; Holmes, David C.

    2017-01-01

    Purpose/Objectives Retention and recruitment of part time clinical adjunct faculty members in dental education is becoming increasingly difficult as dental schools come to rely on this workforce for their increased involvement in clinical education. Contributing factors include full time faculty shortage, aging workforce, practice and student debt, practice and family commitments, and financial compensation. This study attempts to ascertain barriers to teaching so appropriate strategies can be formulated to address this issue. Methods In the spring of 2016 an email survey was sent to current and former adjunct faculty members to ascertain demographics and retention and recruitment strategies. Descriptive analyses were completed for all variables in the sample. Results Twenty nine of forty six subjects responded to the survey with a response rate of 63%. Subjects over the age of sixty comprised 55% with only 17% being under the age of forty five. Overall family and practice commitments along with compensation were the primary barriers to teaching part time. For new dentists, student loan debt was the primary barrier to teaching. Travel to teach was also a barrier as 70% of respondents drove 200 miles or less to the dental school. Conclusion The study demonstrated that the aging part time work force is a great concern and new part time clinical adjunct faculty members must be recruited. Barriers to recruitment and retention of faculty must be considered and addressed to sustain this teaching model. PMID:28715479

  16. 26 CFR 1.593-7 - Establishment and treatment of reserves for bad debts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ....593-10. (2) Bad debt losses. Any bad debt in respect of a nonqualifying loan shall be charged against the reserve for losses on nonqualifying loans, and any bad debt in respect of a qualifying real... option of the taxpayer, however, any bad debt in respect of either class of loans may be charged in whole...

  17. 31 CFR 5.2 - Why is the Treasury Department issuing these regulations and what do they cover?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Department employees). (2) This part does not apply to tax debts nor to any debt for which there is an... the Secretary of the Treasury TREASURY DEBT COLLECTION General Provisions § 5.2 Why is the Treasury... collection of Treasury debts. This part also provides procedures for collection of other debts owed to the...

  18. 47 CFR 1.1917 - Referrals to the Department of Justice and transfer of delinquent debt to the Secretary of Treasury.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... Commission will cease all collection activity related to that debt. (c) All non-tax debts of claims owed to... transfer of delinquent debt to the Secretary of Treasury. 1.1917 Section 1.1917 Telecommunication FEDERAL... of Justice and transfer of delinquent debt to the Secretary of Treasury. (a) Referrals to the...

  19. 36 CFR 1011.5 - What interest, penalty charges and administrative costs will the Presidio Trust add to a debt?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... charges and administrative costs will the Presidio Trust add to a debt? 1011.5 Section 1011.5 Parks, Forests, and Public Property PRESIDIO TRUST DEBT COLLECTION Procedures To Collect Presidio Trust Debts § 1011.5 What interest, penalty charges and administrative costs will the Presidio Trust add to a debt...

  20. 36 CFR 1011.4 - What notice will the Presidio Trust send to a debtor when collecting a debt?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... PRESIDIO TRUST DEBT COLLECTION Procedures To Collect Presidio Trust Debts § 1011.4 What notice will the Presidio Trust send to a debtor when collecting a debt? (a) Notice requirements. The Presidio Trust will aggressively collect debts. The Presidio Trust will send at least one written notice to a debtor informing the...

  1. Student Debt Spans Generations: Characteristics of Parents Who Borrow to Pay for Their Children's College Education.

    PubMed

    Walsemann, Katrina M; Ailshire, Jennifer A

    2017-10-01

    Discussions of student debt often overlook the debt parents take on to pay for their children's education. We identify characteristics of parents with child-related educational debt among the late baby boom cohort. Data come from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979, a nationally representative sample of individuals born between 1957 and 1964. We restrict our sample to parents who had any children aged ≥17 and answered questions on educational debt during midlife (n = 6,562). Craggit models estimated (a) having any child-related educational debt and (b) the amount of debt owed among debtors. Black parents and parents with more education, higher income, and higher net worth were more likely to report child-related educational debt than White parents and parents with no degree, low-income, or negative net worth. Among debtors, high-income parents had more debt than low-income parents. Our findings suggest concerns about the student debt crisis should extend to aging parents. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

  2. Public Debt: Private Asset. Government Debt and Its Role in the Economy.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Schilling, Tim

    In 1981, the United States reached a dubious economic milestone--the federal debt surpassed one trillion dollars for the first time. It took more than 200 years to build up that much debt. The federal debt doubled to two trillion by 1986, hit the three trillion level in 1990, and stands at an estimated five-and-a-half trillion for 1998. Just as…

  3. In Debt and in the Dark: It's Time for Better Information on Student Loan Defaults. Charts You Can Trust

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Gillen, Andrew

    2013-01-01

    Student college loan default rates have nearly doubled in recent years. The three-year default rate exceeds 13 percent nationally. Tracking and reporting default rates is a crucial means of monitoring how well higher education dollars are spent. Yet, the way default data is gathered, measured, and reported by the federal government clouds…

  4. JPRS Report, China

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1989-11-22

    thereby relatively increasing China’s foreign debt burden. Generally speaking, a decline in foreign exchange rates helps increase exports; however, the...offset by currency inflation. This leads to further currency over- valuation, which hurts exports. Generally speaking, a fall in foreign exchange rates can...restrain exports; however, the fall in China’s foreign exchange rates in recent years has played no marked role in restricting imports. The

  5. 78 FR 3498 - Debt Management Advisory Committee Meeting

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-01-16

    ... DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY Departmental Offices Debt Management Advisory Committee Meeting Notice.... of the following debt management advisory committee: Treasury Borrowing Advisory Committee of The... decisions on major financing operations. Historically, this advice has been offered by debt management...

  6. A Smallholder Socio-hydrological Modelling Framework

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Pande, S.; Savenije, H.; Rathore, P.

    2014-12-01

    Small holders are farmers who own less than 2 ha of farmland. They often have low productivity and thus remain at subsistence level. A fact that nearly 80% of Indian farmers are smallholders, who merely own a third of total farmlands and belong to the poorest quartile, but produce nearly 40% of countries foodgrains underlines the importance of understanding the socio-hydrology of a small holder. We present a framework to understand the socio-hydrological system dynamics of a small holder. It couples the dynamics of 6 main variables that are most relevant at the scale of a small holder: local storage (soil moisture and other water storage), capital, knowledge, livestock production, soil fertility and grass biomass production. The model incorporates rule-based adaptation mechanisms (for example: adjusting expenditures on food and fertilizers, selling livestocks etc.) of small holders when they face adverse socio-hydrological conditions, such as low annual rainfall, higher intra-annual variability in rainfall or variability in agricultural prices. It allows us to study sustainability of small holder farming systems under various settings. We apply the framework to understand the socio-hydrology of small holders in Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India. This district has witnessed suicides of many sugarcane farmers who could not extricate themselves out of the debt trap. These farmers lack irrigation and are susceptible to fluctuating sugar prices and intra-annual hydroclimatic variability. This presentation discusses two aspects in particular: whether government interventions to absolve the debt of farmers is enough and what is the value of investing in local storages that can buffer intra-annual variability in rainfall and strengthening the safety-nets either by creating opportunities for alternative sources of income or by crop diversification.

  7. 77 FR 54862 - Integrated Hedging Transactions of Qualifying Debt

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-09-06

    ... Integrated Hedging Transactions of Qualifying Debt AGENCY: Internal Revenue Service (IRS), Treasury. ACTION... certain integrated transactions that involve a foreign currency denominated debt instrument and multiple... foreign currency denominated debt instrument and multiple associated hedging transactions. The text of...

  8. 45 CFR 1150.30 - Which debts can the Endowment refer to the Treasury for collection by offsetting tax refunds?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... ENDOWMENT FOR THE ARTS COLLECTION OF CLAIMS Tax Refund Offset § 1150.30 Which debts can the Endowment refer... enforceable debt referable to the Treasury for tax refund offset is a debt that is owed to the Endowment and... the Treasury regulations relating to the eligibility of a debt for tax return offset (31 CFR 285.2...

  9. Genetic Counseling Graduate Student Debt: Impact on Program, Career and Life Choices

    PubMed Central

    Kuhl, Ashley; Reiser, Catherine; Eickhoff, Jens; Petty, Elizabeth M

    2015-01-01

    The cost of education is rising, increasing student financial aid and debt for students pursuing higher education. A few studies have assessed the impact of student debt in medicine, physical therapy and social work, but little is known about the impact of student debt on genetic counseling students and graduates. To address this gap in knowledge, a web-based study of 408 recent alumni of genetic counseling programs in North America was conducted to assess the impact of student debt on program, career and life choices. Over half (63%; n=256/408) of the participants reported that loans were extremely important in their ability to attend their training program, with most using subsidized loans no longer available to current graduate students. While participants were generally satisfied with their genetic counseling education, 83% (n=282/342) of participants with student debt reported feeling burdened by their debt, which had a median of $40,000-$50,000. This debt is relatively close to the median starting salary reported by survey participants ($45,000-$50,000), breaching the “20-10 rule” that states student debt should not exceed 20% of annual net income. In response to this critical issue, we propose recommendations for the genetic counseling field that may help alleviate student debt impact and burden. PMID:24578121

  10. Relationship among nocturnal sleep deficit, excess weight and metabolic alterations in adolescents.

    PubMed

    Ruiz, Nelina; Rangel, Airam; Rodríguez, Carla; Rodríguez, Lisette; Rodríguez, Valeria

    2014-12-01

    Sleep modulates neuroendocrine function and metabolism; therefore, changes in sleep duration may lead to developing obesity during adolescence. To assess the possible association among nocturnal sleep duration, the presence of overweight and metabolic alterations in a group of adolescents. Cross-sectional, analytical study conducted at a school in Valencia, Venezuela, during the 2012-2013 school year. Participants were 12 to 17 year-old adolescents. A survey on nocturnal sleep duration was administered; weight, height and waist circumference were recorded; and glycemia, lipid profile and insulinemia levels were measured. Body mass index and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index were calculated. Ninety adolescents were included. Compared to the group with normal weight, adolescents with excessive weight had, in average, fewer sleep hours Sundays through Thursdays (p < 0.05) and a higher rate of sleep deficit and sleep debt (p < 0.05). Low HDL cholesterol and insulin resistance was significantly associated with sleep debt (p < 0.05). Among adolescents with sleep debt, the risk of having excess weight was 2.70 times higher (95% CI= 1.09-6.72; p= 0.032) regardless of age, gender, sexual maturity, sleep deficit Sundays through Thursdays, and history of cardiovascular disease and diabetes in first-degree relatives. Nocturnal sleep deficit and sleep debt were significantly associated with excess weight and metabolic alterations related to a high cardiometabolic risk.

  11. Assessments and Tax Rates. Delaware Public Schools, 1976-77.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Spartz, James L.

    This report presents tabulations of various tax data for all of Delaware's 26 school districts for the 1976-77 school year. Table l provides the assessed value of real estate and the number of capitations in each school district, as well as the tax rates for debt service, current expense, tuition, minor capital improvement, and total levies. Table…

  12. 7 CFR 1782.13 - Transfer of security and assumption of loans.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... at the same interest rate as on the borrower's note(s) or bond(s). The maturity of the debt... loans have the same interest rate and are for the same purpose. If applicable, 7 CFR part 1780 will... processing. (2) The transfer will not be disadvantageous to the Government as determined by the approval...

  13. 7 CFR 1738.30 - Rural broadband access loans and loan guarantees.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... interest at a rate set by the lender consistent with the current applicable market rate for a loan of... Derivative or any Guaranteed-Amount Debt Derivative; or (B) Any holder of the Guaranteed Loan Note or any Guaranteed Loan Portion Note or any Derivative, as the case may be, having a claim to payments on the...

  14. 31 CFR 351.14 - When are rate announcements that apply to Series EE savings bonds announced?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... to Series EE savings bonds announced? 351.14 Section 351.14 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations... DEBT OFFERING OF UNITED STATES SAVINGS BONDS, SERIES EE Maturities, Redemption Values, and Investment Yields of Series EE Savings Bonds General Provisions § 351.14 When are rate announcements that apply to...

  15. 31 CFR 351.14 - When are rate announcements that apply to Series EE savings bonds announced?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... to Series EE savings bonds announced? 351.14 Section 351.14 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations... DEBT OFFERING OF UNITED STATES SAVINGS BONDS, SERIES EE Maturities, Redemption Values, and Investment Yields of Series EE Savings Bonds General Provisions § 351.14 When are rate announcements that apply to...

  16. 31 CFR 351.14 - When are rate announcements that apply to Series EE savings bonds announced?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... to Series EE savings bonds announced? 351.14 Section 351.14 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations... DEBT OFFERING OF UNITED STATES SAVINGS BONDS, SERIES EE Maturities, Redemption Values, and Investment Yields of Series EE Savings Bonds General Provisions § 351.14 When are rate announcements that apply to...

  17. The contribution of fiscal/financial decentralization to the debt expansion of the local financing platform

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Huayang, Yin; Di, Zhou; Bing, Cui

    2018-02-01

    Using soft budget theory to explore the formation mechanism and the deep institutional incentive of the local financing platform debt expansion from the perspective of fiscal / financial decentralization, construct theoretical framework which explain the expansion of local debt financing platform and conduct an empirical test, the results showed that the higher the degree of fiscal decentralization, fiscal autonomy as a soft constraint body of local government the stronger, local financing platform debt scale is greater; the higher the degree of financial decentralization, local government and financial institutions have the higher autonomy with respect to the central, local financing platform debt scale is bigger; financial synergy degree is stronger, local government financial mutual supervision prompted the local government debt more transparency, local debt financing platform size is smaller.

  18. Is Medical Student Choice of a Primary Care Residency Influenced by Debt?

    PubMed Central

    Kahn, Marc J.; Markert, Ronald J.; Lopez, Fred A.; Specter, Steven; Randall, Howard; Krane, N. Kevin

    2006-01-01

    Context The average medical student accumulates more than $120,000 in debt upon graduation. Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate whether medical student debt affects residency choice. Design This was a cross-sectional research study. Setting This study was a 5-year analysis of student debt and residency choice for 2001–2005 graduates from 3 US medical schools (n = 2022): Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana; University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida; and Louisiana State University School of Medicine in New Orleans. Main outcome measures Individual student data were collected from offices of financial aid for debt prior to and during medical school to determine total debt at graduation. Total debt (adjusted for inflation) was compared with residency match results coded according to specialties listed in the Graduate Medical Education Directory 2005–2006. Graduates were coded into either primary care (PC) or nonprimary care (NPC) specialty categories. Logistic regression for the choice of a PC residency was used with 4 predictors: (1) total debt, (2) medical school, (3) year of graduation, and (4) number of years of training required for a residency program. Results Mean total debt for the study population was $89,807 (SD = 54,925). Graduates entering PC did not have significantly less total debt than those entering NPC ($87,206 vs $91,430; P = .09). Further, total debt was not a predictor of a PC residency after adjusting for medical school, year of graduation, and years of training in residency (P = .64). Conclusion There is no association between PC residency choice and debt. We conclude that medical students make residency decisions on the basis of a complex set of factors. PMID:17415301

  19. Habitat destruction and the extinction debt revisited

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Loehle, C.

    1996-02-01

    A very important analysis of the problem of habitat destruction concluded that such destruction may lead to an extinction debt, which is the irreversible loss of species following a prolonged transient or delay. An error in interpretation of this model led the authors to apply the results to all types of habitat destruction, but in fact the model applies only to an across-the-board decrease in fecundity, not to disturbances. For repeated, spatially random disturbance, a different model applies. For habitat destruction on regional scales (reduction in ecosystem area without disturbance in remnant areas), one must, in contrast, apply species-area relationsmore » based on the distribution of different habitat types (e.g., elevational and rainfall gradients, physiographic and edaphic variability). The error in interpretation of the basic model is presented, followed by clarification of model usage and development of a new model that applies to disturbance events.« less

  20. Commercial launch systems: A risky investment?

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Dupnick, Edwin; Skratt, John

    1996-03-01

    A myriad of evolutionary paths connect the current state of government-dominated space launch operations to true commercial access to space. Every potential path requires the investment of private capital sufficient to fund the commercial venture with a perceived risk/return ratio acceptable to the investors. What is the private sector willing to invest? Does government participation reduce financial risk? How viable is a commercial launch system without government participation and support? We examine the interplay between various forms of government participation in commercial launch system development, alternative launch system designs, life cycle cost estimates, and typical industry risk aversion levels. The boundaries of this n-dimensional envelope are examined with an ECON-developed business financial model which provides for the parametric assessment and interaction of SSTO design variables (including various operational scenarios with financial variables including debt/equity assumptions, and commercial enterprise burden rates on various functions. We overlay this structure with observations from previous ECON research which characterize financial risk aversion levels for selected industrial sectors in terms of acceptable initial lump-sum investments, cumulative investments, probability of failure, payback periods, and ROI. The financial model allows the construction of parametric tradeoffs based on ranges of variables which can be said to actually encompass the ``true'' cost of operations and determine what level of ``true'' costs can be tolerated by private capitalization.

  1. Debt swapping as a tool for economic and social stabilization in Russia's closed nuclear cities (briefing paper)

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    JL Fuller; KM Leek

    2000-03-08

    The next great issue on the Russian landscape will be management of its foreign debt. In the near future the United States will be called upon to lead an international program of debt restructuring to assist Russia in overcoming the burden of its debt trap. With debt service obligations equal to 50{percent} of 1999 revenues, Russia has virtually no chance of sustaining a program of economic recovery without debt relief (Hardt, 1999). With some form of debt restructuring a foregone conclusion, Russia, the United States, and world community have a vital stake in searching for creative ways to transform themore » inevitability of debt restructuring into something of value and constructive to Russia and the problems it faces. This was the rationale behind debt-for-nature swaps which emerged in the early 1980s in Latin American and Eastern Europe as a means of relieving developing nations of their crippling foreign debt. Debt-for-nature swaps served both domestic and international needs by converting a portion of foreign debt, often at steep discounts, into local currency that was then used to fund programs to preserve the environment. The debt swap mechanism provides the prospect of getting something of real value where nothing is expected. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) has proposed to use the same model to synergistically capitalize defense threat reduction activities and environmental remediation within Russia's closed nuclear cities. Preventing the emigration of nuclear technology, expertise, and hardware from these cities to subnational groups and countries of proliferation concern is one of the world's foremost pressing problems. It is in the best national security interest of the United states to assist Russia in overcoming the legacy of the Cold War by helping to address the catastrophic environmental and public health effects of nuclear production that negatively impact economic stabilization.« less

  2. 7 CFR 1951.894 - Debt settlement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 14 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Debt settlement. 1951.894 Section 1951.894 Agriculture... REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) SERVICING AND COLLECTIONS Rural Development Loan Servicing § 1951.894 Debt settlement. Debt settlement of all claims will be handled in accordance with the Federal Claims Collection...

  3. 7 CFR 1956.136 - Chargeoff.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 14 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Chargeoff. 1956.136 Section 1956.136 Agriculture... REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) DEBT SETTLEMENT Debt Settlement-Community and Business Programs § 1956.136 Chargeoff. (a) Judgment debts. Subject to the provisions of § 1956.112(d) of this subpart, judgment debts...

  4. 12 CFR 37.8 - Safety and soundness requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... effective risk management and control processes over its debt cancellation contracts and debt suspension... manage the risks associated with debt cancellation contracts and debt suspension agreements in accordance... the products. A bank also should assess the adequacy of its internal control and risk mitigation...

  5. 48 CFR 31.205-3 - Bad debts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Bad debts. 31.205-3... REQUIREMENTS CONTRACT COST PRINCIPLES AND PROCEDURES Contracts With Commercial Organizations 31.205-3 Bad debts. Bad debts, including actual or estimated losses arising from uncollectible accounts receivable due...

  6. 12 CFR 37.8 - Safety and soundness requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... effective risk management and control processes over its debt cancellation contracts and debt suspension... manage the risks associated with debt cancellation contracts and debt suspension agreements in accordance... the products. A bank also should assess the adequacy of its internal control and risk mitigation...

  7. The burden of debt for Canadian dental students: part 1. Review of the literature.

    PubMed

    Matthew, Ian R; Walton, Joanne N; Dumaresq, Cheryl; Sudmant, Walter

    2006-09-01

    Debt among Canadian university graduates is increasing, while money apportioned to federal and provincial needs-based student assistance programs has been decreasing since the 1990s. Dental students have had to absorb increased tuition fees at both the undergraduate and post-baccalaureate levels. Existing debt and high tuition fees may adversely influence a potential candidate"s decision to enroll in dental school. Likewise, debt incurred during the minimum 2 years of pre-dental education adds to the future debt load of dental graduates. It seems that few dental students can remain debt-free during their dental education, although data are lacking about the extent of debt among dental students and its impact on their career decisions. Government statistics focus primarily on tuition costs for baccalaureate-degree students. Tuition and clinic-related fees constitute a significant proportion of costs for dental students; moreover, university administrations perceive dentistry as an expensive curriculum. This first article of a 4-part series examines debt among dental students, both nationally and internationally.

  8. The effect of education debt on dentists' career decisions.

    PubMed

    Nicholson, Sean; Vujicic, Marko; Wanchek, Tanya; Ziebert, Anthony; Menezes, Adriana

    2015-11-01

    The purpose of the study was to determine whether there is an association between the amount of education debt on completing dental school (initial debt) and certain career decisions. The authors surveyed 1,842 practicing dentists who completed dental school between 1996 and 2011 to ascertain their initial education debt, the balance on their debt in 2013, and a variety of specialization and practice decisions made during their careers. Data also included demographic characteristics and parental income and education levels. Dentists with higher initial debt were less likely to specialize and more likely to enter private practice, accept high-paying jobs on graduation, and work longer hours. Choice of employment setting, practice ownership, and whether to provide Medicaid and charity care were associated with dentists' sexes and races but not debt. High debt levels influenced some career decisions, but the magnitude of these effects was small compared with the effects of demographic characteristics, including race and sex, on career choices. Policy makers concerned about the influence of student debt on the professional decisions of dental school graduates should recognize that students' demographic characteristics may be more powerful in driving career choices. Copyright © 2015 American Dental Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  9. 7 CFR 1956.109 - General requirements for debt settlement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 14 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true General requirements for debt settlement. 1956.109 Section 1956.109 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING... and Business Programs § 1956.109 General requirements for debt settlement. (a) Debt due and payable...

  10. 20 CFR 422.306 - Report of overdue administrative debts to credit reporting agencies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ..., status, and history of the debt; (4) The debtor has the right to a complete explanation of the debt; (5...; (6) The debtor may request a review of the debt by giving us evidence showing that he or she does not...

  11. 76 FR 1063 - Modifications of Debt Instruments

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-01-07

    ... modified instrument received in an exchange will be classified as debt for Federal income tax purposes... properly classified as debt for Federal income tax purposes. Effective/Applicability Date The regulations... right that is not debt for federal income tax purposes. Paragraph (g) of this section contains examples...

  12. 41 CFR 105-56.014 - Purpose and scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... centralized salary offset computer matching, identify Federal employees who owe delinquent non-tax debt to the... satisfy delinquent non-tax debt owed to the United States. GSA will pursue, when appropriate, such debt... (FMS) administrative offset program, to collect delinquent debts owed to the Federal Government. This...

  13. 5 CFR 845.205 - Collection of debts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... interest of the United States. (c) Collection in installments. (1) Whenever feasible, debts will be... an offset would substantially prejudice the Government's ability to collect the debt; and the time... 5 Administrative Personnel 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Collection of debts. 845.205 Section 845...

  14. 77 FR 62312 - Debt Management Advisory Committee; Meeting

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-10-12

    ... DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY Debt Management Advisory Committee; Meeting Notice is hereby given... Pennsylvania Avenue NW.,Washington, DC, on October 30, 2012 at 11:30 a.m. of the following debt management... advice has been offered by debt management advisory committees established by the several major segments...

  15. Latin American Debt: Opportunities for Universities.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Garg, Ramesh C.

    The debt crisis of the lesser developed countries (LDCs) may provide opportunities for educational institutions. Through debt-for-education programs, a part of the huge debt load can be channelled into financing various educational programs sponsored by U.S. higher education institutions. Private commercial banks and multinational corporations are…

  16. 26 CFR 1.1286-2 - Stripped inflation-protected debt instruments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 11 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Stripped inflation-protected debt instruments... Losses § 1.1286-2 Stripped inflation-protected debt instruments. Stripped inflation-protected debt instruments. If a Treasury Inflation-Protected Security is stripped under the Department of the Treasury's...

  17. 26 CFR 1.1286-2 - Stripped inflation-protected debt instruments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 11 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Stripped inflation-protected debt instruments... Losses § 1.1286-2 Stripped inflation-protected debt instruments. Stripped inflation-protected debt instruments. If a Treasury Inflation-Protected Security is stripped under the Department of the Treasury's...

  18. Analysis of 2011 physician assistant education debt load.

    PubMed

    Moore, Miranda A; Coffman, Megan; Cawley, James F; Crowley, Diana; Miller, Anthony; Klink, Kathleen

    2017-03-01

    This study seeks to investigate how physician assistants (PAs) finance their education and to characterize the educational debt of PA students. Data from the 2011 American Academy of PAs (AAPA)-Physician Assistant Education Association Graduating Student Survey were used to explore the educational debt of PA students. The median total educational debt of a PA student graduating in 2011 was $80,000. Little financial assistance, other than student loans, is available to PA students. Eighty-five percent of PA students report owing some PA education debt amount, with 23% owing at least $100,000. This study provides a baseline look at PA student debt loads as a starting point for more detailed and robust research into new graduate specialty choices and PA career migration into other specialties. Further research is needed to explore the effect of student debt on students' specialty choices.

  19. Can't afford a baby? Debt and young Americans.

    PubMed

    Nau, Michael; Dwyer, Rachel E; Hodson, Randy

    2015-12-01

    This article explores the role of personal debt in the transition to parenthood. We analyze data from the National Longitudinal Study of Youth-1997 cohort and find that for the generation coming of age in the 2000s, student loans delay fertility for women, particularly at very high levels of debt. Home mortgages and credit card debt, in contrast, appear to be precursors to parenthood. These results indicate that different forms of debt have different implications for early adulthood transitions: whereas consumer loans or home mortgages immediately increase access to consumption goods, there is often a significant delay between the accrual and realization of benefits for student loans. The double-edged nature of debt as both barrier and facilitator to life transitions highlights the importance of looking at debt both as a monetary issue and also as a carrier of social meanings.

  20. The High Price of Debt: Household financial debt and its impact on mental and physical health

    PubMed Central

    Nandi, Arijit; Adam, Emma; McDade, Thomas

    2013-01-01

    Household financial debt in America has risen dramatically in recent years. While there is evidence that debt is associated with adverse psychological health, its relationship with other health outcomes is relatively unknown. We investigate the associations of multiple indices of financial debt with psychological and general health outcomes among 8400 young adult respondents from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health). Our findings show that reporting high financial debt relative to available assets is associated with higher perceived stress and depression, worse selfreported general health, and higher diastolic blood pressure. These associations remain significant when controlling for prior socioeconomic status, psychological and physical health, and other demographic factors. The results suggest that debt is an important socioeconomic determinant of health that should be explored further in social epidemiology research. PMID:23849243

  1. The Color of Debt: Racial Disparities in Anticipated Medical Student Debt in the United States

    PubMed Central

    Dugger, Robert A.; El-Sayed, Abdulrahman M.; Dogra, Anjali; Messina, Catherine; Bronson, Richard; Galea, Sandro

    2013-01-01

    Context The cost of American medical education has increased substantially over the past decade. Given racial/ethnic inequalities in access to financial resources, it is plausible that increases in student debt burden resulting from these increases in cost may not be borne equally. Objective To evaluate racial/ethnic disparities in medical student debt. Design, Setting, and Participants Authors collected self-reported data from a non-representative sample of 2414 medical students enrolled at 111/159 accredited US medical schools between December 1st 2010 and March 27th 2011. After weighting for representativeness by race and class year and calculating crude anticipated debt by racial/ethnic category, authors fit multivariable regression models of debt by race/ethnicity adjusted for potential confounders. Main Outcome Measures Anticipated educational debt upon graduation greater than $150,000. Results 62.1% of medical students anticipated debt in excess of $150,000 upon graduation. The proportion of Blacks, Whites, Hispanics, and Asians reporting anticipated educational debt in excess of $150,000 was 77.3%, 65.1%, 57.2% and 50.2%, respectively. Both Black and White medical students demonstrated a significantly higher likelihood of anticipated debt in excess of $150,000 when compared to Asians [Blacks (OR = 2.7, 1.3–5.6), Whites (OR = 1.7, 1.3–2.2)] in adjusted models. Conclusion Black medical students had significantly higher anticipated debt than Asian students. This finding has implications for understanding differential enrollment among minority groups in US medical schools. PMID:24019975

  2. 24 CFR 811.108 - Debt service reserve.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... funding of the debt service reserve. Any excess investment income shall be added to the debt service reserve. In the event such investment income is insufficient, surplus cash or residual receipts, to the... the owner's debt service payment. Any excess investment income shall be added to and become part of...

  3. Yes, No, Maybe So: College Students' Attitudes Regarding Debt

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Zerquera, Desiree D.; McGowan, Brian L.; Ferguson, Tomika L.

    2016-01-01

    We examined college student attitudes regarding debt. Based on focus group interviews with 31 students from 4 different institutions within a Midwestern university system, data analysis yielded a continuum that captures students' debt approaches while enrolled in college. Findings indicate that students avoided debt completely, made intentional…

  4. 7 CFR 1956.112 - Debts ineligible for settlement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 14 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Debts ineligible for settlement. 1956.112 Section 1956.112 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL... § 1956.112 Debts ineligible for settlement. Debts will not be settled: (a) If referral to the Office of...

  5. 7 CFR 1956.75 - Chargeoff.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 14 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Chargeoff. 1956.75 Section 1956.75 Agriculture... REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) DEBT SETTLEMENT Debt Settlement-Farm Loan Programs and Multi-Family Housing § 1956.75 Chargeoff. (a) Judgment debts. Subject to the provisions of § 1956.57(g)(3), judgment debts may be charged...

  6. 26 CFR 1.1286-2 - Stripped inflation-indexed debt instruments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 11 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true Stripped inflation-indexed debt instruments. 1....1286-2 Stripped inflation-indexed debt instruments. Stripped inflation-indexed debt instruments. If a Treasury Inflation-Indexed Security is stripped under the Department of the Treasury's Separate Trading of...

  7. 76 FR 64429 - Senior Executive Service; Public Debt Performance Review Board (PRB)

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-10-18

    ... DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY Bureau of the Public Debt Senior Executive Service; Public Debt Performance Review Board (PRB) AGENCY: Bureau of the Public Debt, Treasury. ACTION: Notice of Members of... reviews the performance appraisals of career senior executives who are below the level of Assistant...

  8. 29 CFR 1650.202 - Past-due legally enforceable debt.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 4 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Past-due legally enforceable debt. 1650.202 Section 1650.202 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION DEBT COLLECTION Procedures for the Collection of Debts by Federal Tax Refund Offset § 1650.202 Past-due legally...

  9. 49 CFR 89.31 - Use of professional debt collection agencies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... agencies except for those debts owed by State and local governments, other Federal agencies, current... 49 Transportation 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Use of professional debt collection agencies. 89... FEDERAL CLAIMS COLLECTION ACT Collection of Claims § 89.31 Use of professional debt collection agencies...

  10. 7 CFR 3555.151 - Eligibility requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... and total debt (TD) ratio, to determine adequate repayment for the requested loan. The Agency reserves... and the monthly amount of PITI plus recurring monthly debts (total debt) does not exceed 41 percent of... obligations specifically excluded by State law, the debts of non-purchasing spouse must be included in the...

  11. 76 FR 78085 - Permissible Investments for Federal and State Savings Associations: Corporate Debt Securities

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-12-15

    ... Part 362 Permissible Investments for Federal and State Savings Associations: Corporate Debt Securities... association from acquiring and retaining a corporate debt security unless it determines, prior to acquiring... whether a corporate debt security is eligible for investment under this proposed rule. DATES: Comments...

  12. 26 CFR 1.1275-6 - Integration of qualifying debt instruments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 11 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true Integration of qualifying debt instruments. 1....1275-6 Integration of qualifying debt instruments. (a) In general. This section generally provides for the integration of a qualifying debt instrument with a hedge or combination of hedges if the combined...

  13. 75 FR 42662 - Debt Collection

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-07-22

    ... a tax overpayment payable to a taxpayer by the amount of past-due, legally enforceable debt owed by... collection of non-tax debts owed to PBGC. This proposed rule would add salary offset and administrative wage... other laws applicable to the collection of non-tax debt owed to the Government. Background In 1994, PBGC...

  14. Addressing Student Debt in the Classroom

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Perkins, David; Johnston, Tim; Lytle, Rick

    2016-01-01

    Student debt is a national concern. The authors address debt in the classroom to enhance students' understanding of the consequences of debt and the need for caution when financing their education. However, student feedback indicates this understanding has a delayed effect on borrowing behavior and underscores the importance of making difficult…

  15. 77 FR 22390 - Debt Management Advisory Committee Meeting

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-04-13

    ... DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY Debt Management Advisory Committee Meeting Notice is hereby given... Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, DC, on May 1, 2012 at 11:30 a.m. of the following debt management advisory... advice has been offered by debt management advisory committees established by the several major segments...

  16. Cumulative Student Loan Debt in Minnesota, 2015

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Williams-Wyche, Shaun

    2016-01-01

    To better understand student debt in Minnesota, the Minnesota Office of Higher Education (the Office) gathers information on cumulative student loan debt from Minnesota degree-granting institutions. These data detail the number of students with loans by institution, the cumulative student loan debt incurred at that institution, and the percentage…

  17. 75 FR 19873 - Collection of Administrative Debts; Collection of Debts Arising From Enforcement and...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-04-16

    ...The Federal Election Commission (``Commission'') is promulgating rules implementing statutory provisions regarding the collection of debts owed to the United States Government. The Commission is also integrating its rules regarding the collection of debts arising solely from the Administrative Fines program into the new rules.

  18. 76 FR 24406 - Collection by Offset From Indebted Government Employees

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-05-02

    ... proposed regulations to eliminate the 10-year statute of limitations on collection of debt by... eliminate the 10-year statute of limitations on collection of debt by administrative offset, which includes... offset to collect a debt without time limitations on debt outstanding after the Government's right to...

  19. Pilot Study of Debt Elasticity

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Greiner, Keith; Girardi, Tony

    2006-01-01

    This report examines the relationship between student loan debt and the manner in which that debt is described. It focuses on three forms of description: (1) monthly payments, (2) total debt, and (3) income after graduation. The authors used the term elasticity to describe the relationship between consumers' college choices and the retention…

  20. Indebtedness of dental school graduates in Canada: mortgaged futures.

    PubMed

    McDermott, R E; Fuglerud, K P

    1996-03-01

    The debt level of graduating dental students is increasing annually. Six of Canada's 10 dental schools responded to a survey designed to ascertain the level of student debt on entering and graduating from dental school. For the academic year 1993-94, the average starting debt for students was $2,013.89 and the average graduating debt was $25,671.30. On average, dental students accumulated more than $23,600 in debt while pursuing their dental education. Of those students who completed the survey, 57.89 per cent relied on their parents for assistance, and 76.69 per cent received student/government loans. The level of student debt was independent of age, gender and parents' income.

  1. Testing the role of external debt in environmental degradation: empirical evidence from Turkey.

    PubMed

    Katircioglu, Salih; Celebi, Aysem

    2018-03-01

    This study investigates the role of external debt stock in Turkey, which has suffered from heavy (external and domestic) debt stock for many years. Annual data from 1960 to 2013 was analyzed using time series analysis in order to study this. The results confirm the validity of the conventional environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) in the case of Turkey. However, this study also found that Turkey's external debt stock did not influence the Turkish economy's long-term EKC behavior. Fortunately, the results suggest that there are important interactions among external debt stock, CO 2 emissions, energy consumption, and real income; that is, changes in external debt volume precede changes in these aggregates' volumes.

  2. Leveraging Psychological Insights to Encourage the Responsible Use of Consumer Debt.

    PubMed

    Hershfield, Hal E; Sussman, Abigail B; O'Brien, Rourke L; Bryan, Christopher J

    2015-11-01

    U.S. consumers currently hold $880 billion in revolving debt, with a mean household credit card balance of approximately $6,000. Although economic factors play a role in this societal issue, it is clear that psychological forces also affect consumers' decisions to take on and maintain unmanageable debt balances. We examine three psychological barriers to the responsible use of credit and debt. We discuss the tendency for consumers to (a) make erroneous predictions about future spending habits, (b) rely too heavily on values presented on billing statements, and (c) categorize debt and saving into separate mental accounts. To overcome these obstacles, we urge policymakers to implement methods that facilitate better budgeting of future expenses, modify existing credit card statement disclosures, and allow consumers to easily apply government transfers (such as tax credits) to debt repayment. In doing so, we highlight minimal and inexpensive ways to remedy the debt problem. © The Author(s) 2015.

  3. Can't afford a baby? Debt and young Americans☆

    PubMed Central

    Nau, Michael; Dwyer, Rachel E.; Hodson, Randy

    2016-01-01

    This article explores the role of personal debt in the transition to parenthood. We analyze data from the National Longitudinal Study of Youth-1997 cohort and find that for the generation coming of age in the 2000s, student loans delay fertility for women, particularly at very high levels of debt. Home mortgages and credit card debt, in contrast, appear to be precursors to parenthood. These results indicate that different forms of debt have different implications for early adulthood transitions: whereas consumer loans or home mortgages immediately increase access to consumption goods, there is often a significant delay between the accrual and realization of benefits for student loans. The double-edged nature of debt as both barrier and facilitator to life transitions highlights the importance of looking at debt both as a monetary issue and also as a carrier of social meanings. PMID:28090131

  4. The high price of debt: household financial debt and its impact on mental and physical health.

    PubMed

    Sweet, Elizabeth; Nandi, Arijit; Adam, Emma K; McDade, Thomas W

    2013-08-01

    Household financial debt in America has risen dramatically in recent years. While there is evidence that debt is associated with adverse psychological health, its relationship with other health outcomes is relatively unknown. We investigate the associations of multiple indices of financial debt with psychological and general health outcomes among 8400 young adult respondents from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health). Our findings show that reporting high financial debt relative to available assets is associated with higher perceived stress and depression, worse self-reported general health, and higher diastolic blood pressure. These associations remain significant when controlling for prior socioeconomic status, psychological and physical health, and other demographic factors. The results suggest that debt is an important socioeconomic determinant of health that should be explored further in social epidemiology research. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  5. Debt, cohabitation, and marriage in young adulthood.

    PubMed

    Addo, Fenaba R

    2014-10-01

    Despite growing evidence that debt influences pivotal life events in early and young adulthood, the role of debt in the familial lives of young adults has received relatively little attention. Using data from the NLSY 1997 cohort (N = 6,749) and a discrete-time competing risks hazard model framework, I test whether the transition to first union is influenced by a young adult's credit card and education loan debt above and beyond traditional educational and labor market characteristics. I find that credit card debt is positively associated with cohabitation for men and women, and that women with education loan debt are more likely than women without such debt to delay marriage and transition into cohabitation. Single life may be difficult to afford, but marital life is un-affordable as well. Cohabitation presents an alternative to single life, but not necessarily a marital substitute for these young adults.

  6. 42 CFR 413.89 - Bad debts, charity, and courtesy allowances.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Bad debts, charity, and courtesy allowances. 413.89... Categories of Costs § 413.89 Bad debts, charity, and courtesy allowances. Link to an amendment published at 75 FR 49198, Aug. 12, 2010. (a) Principle. Bad debts, charity, and courtesy allowances are deductions...

  7. 14 CFR § 1261.412 - Interest, penalties, and administrative costs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ...—that is, a bill is mailed before the debt is actually owed—it can include the required interest... debt—that is, the additional costs incurred in processing and handling the debt because it became... from the date that the debt became delinquent. (f) When a debt is paid in partial or installment...

  8. 77 FR 76148 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE Arca, Inc.; Notice of Filing of Proposed Rule Change To List...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-12-26

    ..., corporate debt securities are fixed-income securities issued by businesses to finance their operations... consist of both foreign and domestic debt instruments, including corporate bonds, high yield bonds... stated above, the Fund may invest in a variety of debt securities, including corporate debt securities...

  9. 5 CFR 835.606 - Change in notification to Internal Revenue Service.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... (CONTINUED) CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) DEBT COLLECTION Collection of Debts by Federal Tax Refund...) of this section, after OPM sends IRS notification of an individual's liability for a debt, OPM will... payment to the account of the debtor named in the notification that reduces the amount of the debt...

  10. 7 CFR 1782.20 - Debt Settlement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Collection Improvement Act of 1996. This law provides that any non-tax debt or claim owed to the United... 7 Agriculture 12 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Debt Settlement. 1782.20 Section 1782.20 Agriculture... (CONTINUED) SERVICING OF WATER AND WASTE PROGRAMS § 1782.20 Debt Settlement. Pursuant to 7 U.S.C. 1981, this...

  11. 31 CFR 29.501 - Purpose; incorporation by reference; scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... CFR 900.3. (2) Tax debts. This subpart does not apply to tax debts. (d)(1) Sections 29.501 through 29... BENEFIT PAYMENTS UNDER CERTAIN DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA RETIREMENT PROGRAMS Debt Collection and Waivers of... debts due the United States. (b) The regulations of this subpart incorporate by this reference all...

  12. 5 CFR 835.603 - Notification of intent to collect.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) DEBT COLLECTION Collection of Debts by Federal Tax Refund Offset § 835.603... by IRS tax refund offset (Notice of Intent) will state: (1) The amount of the debt; (2) That unless... debt by requesting the IRS to reduce any amounts payable to the debtor as a Federal income tax refund...

  13. 45 CFR 32.1 - Purpose and scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... satisfy delinquent non-tax debts owed to the United States. (b) Authority. These standards and procedures... Regional Offices that administer a program that gives rise to a delinquent non-tax debt owed to the United... payments to satisfy delinquent non-tax debt owed to the United States. The Department may pursue such debt...

  14. 41 CFR 105-57.001 - Purpose, authority and scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... administrative wage garnishment to satisfy delinquent non-tax debt owed to the United States. (b) These standards... non-tax debt owed to the United States and that pursues recovery of such debt. (2) This part will..., including the offset of Federal payments to satisfy delinquent non-tax debt owed to the United States. GSA...

  15. 29 CFR 4903.33 - Referral of debt for tax refund offset.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 9 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Referral of debt for tax refund offset. 4903.33 Section... AND ADMINISTRATIVE RULES AND PROCEDURES DEBT COLLECTION Tax Refund Offset § 4903.33 Referral of debt for tax refund offset. The Director of the Financial Operations Department (or a department official...

  16. 75 FR 69151 - Small Business Jobs Act: 504 Loan Program Debt Refinancing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-11-10

    ... SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Small Business Jobs Act: 504 Loan Program Debt Refinancing AGENCY: U... regarding the Small Business Jobs Act: 504 Loan Program Debt Refinancing. The meeting will be open to the... the 504 Loan Program Debt Refinancing established by Sec. 1122 of the Small Business Jobs Act (Pub. L...

  17. 7 CFR 3.12 - Reporting of consumer debts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Reporting of consumer debts. 3.12 Section 3.12... and Compromise of Claims § 3.12 Reporting of consumer debts. (a) Notice. In demand letters to debtors... the delinquent consumer debt to credit reporting agencies after 60 days; (2) The specific information...

  18. Tough Choices in Tough Times: Debt and Medication Nonadherence

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kalousova, Lucie; Burgard, Sarah A.

    2014-01-01

    Debt is a ubiquitous component of households' financial portfolios. Yet we have scant understanding of how household debt constrains spending on needed health care. Diverse types of debt have different financial properties and recent work has shown that they may have varying implications for spending on needed health care. In this article, we…

  19. 22 CFR 512.10 - Collection by administrative offset.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... Government's right to collect the debt first accrued, unless facts material to the Government's right were... to: Debts owed by any State or local Government; debts arising under or payments made under the... the Government's ability to collect the debt, and the time before the payment is to be made does not...

  20. 5 CFR 550.1106 - Time limit on collection of debts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... to collect a debt more than 10 years after the Government's right to collect the debt first accrued... 5 Administrative Personnel 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Time limit on collection of debts. 550... PAY ADMINISTRATION (GENERAL) Collection by Offset From Indebted Government Employees § 550.1106 Time...

  1. 26 CFR 1.1275-6 - Integration of qualifying debt instruments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 11 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Integration of qualifying debt instruments. 1... Losses § 1.1275-6 Integration of qualifying debt instruments. (a) In general. This section generally provides for the integration of a qualifying debt instrument with a hedge or combination of hedges if the...

  2. 26 CFR 1.1275-6 - Integration of qualifying debt instruments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 11 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Integration of qualifying debt instruments. 1... Losses § 1.1275-6 Integration of qualifying debt instruments. (a) In general. This section generally provides for the integration of a qualifying debt instrument with a hedge or combination of hedges if the...

  3. 26 CFR 1.1275-6 - Integration of qualifying debt instruments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 11 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Integration of qualifying debt instruments. 1... Losses § 1.1275-6 Integration of qualifying debt instruments. (a) In general. This section generally provides for the integration of a qualifying debt instrument with a hedge or combination of hedges if the...

  4. 26 CFR 1.1275-6 - Integration of qualifying debt instruments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 11 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Integration of qualifying debt instruments. 1... Losses § 1.1275-6 Integration of qualifying debt instruments. (a) In general. This section generally provides for the integration of a qualifying debt instrument with a hedge or combination of hedges if the...

  5. 31 CFR 5.9 - When will Treasury entities transfer a Treasury debt to the Treasury Department's Financial...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... a Treasury debt to the Treasury Department's Financial Management Service for collection? 5.9... Treasury Department's Financial Management Service for collection? (a) Treasury entities will transfer any eligible debt that is more than 180 days delinquent to the Financial Management Service for debt collection...

  6. 42 CFR 413.178 - Bad debts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Bad debts. 413.178 Section 413.178 Public Health...) Services and Organ Procurement Costs § 413.178 Bad debts. Link to an amendment published at 75 FR 49199, Aug. 12, 2010. (a) CMS will reimburse each facility its allowable Medicare bad debts, as defined in...

  7. Towards a Rhythmanalysis of Debt Dressage: Education as Rhythmic Resistance in Everyday Indebted Life

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Wozniak, Jason Thomas

    2017-01-01

    Debt shapes subjectivity by rhythmically training indebted subjects. Stated slightly differently, there exists a debt dressage that produces indebted subjectivity. One of the principle aims of this article is to introduce rhythm into the debt analysis debates. Building on Henri Lefebvre's book "Rhythmanalysis: Space, Time and Everyday…

  8. 6 CFR 11.6 - Reporting debts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 6 Domestic Security 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Reporting debts. 11.6 Section 11.6 Domestic Security DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY CLAIMS § 11.6 Reporting debts. DHS will report delinquent debts to credit bureaus and other automated databases in accordance with 31 U.S.C. 3711...

  9. 12 CFR 560.40 - Commercial paper and corporate debt securities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2014-01-01 2012-01-01 true Commercial paper and corporate debt securities... paper and corporate debt securities. Pursuant to HOLA section 5(c)(2)(D), a Federal savings association may invest in, sell, or hold commercial paper and corporate debt securities subject to the provisions...

  10. 12 CFR 160.40 - Commercial paper and corporate debt securities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Commercial paper and corporate debt securities... LENDING AND INVESTMENT § 160.40 Commercial paper and corporate debt securities. Pursuant to HOLA section 5... investment in the commercial paper and corporate debt securities of any one issuer, or issued by any one...

  11. 12 CFR 560.40 - Commercial paper and corporate debt securities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2013-01-01 2012-01-01 true Commercial paper and corporate debt securities... paper and corporate debt securities. Pursuant to HOLA section 5(c)(2)(D), a Federal savings association may invest in, sell, or hold commercial paper and corporate debt securities subject to the provisions...

  12. 12 CFR 560.40 - Commercial paper and corporate debt securities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Commercial paper and corporate debt securities... paper and corporate debt securities. Pursuant to HOLA section 5(c)(2)(D), a Federal savings association may invest in, sell, or hold commercial paper and corporate debt securities subject to the provisions...

  13. 12 CFR 560.40 - Commercial paper and corporate debt securities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Commercial paper and corporate debt securities... paper and corporate debt securities. Pursuant to HOLA section 5(c)(2)(D), a Federal savings association may invest in, sell, or hold commercial paper and corporate debt securities subject to the provisions...

  14. 12 CFR 160.40 - Commercial paper and corporate debt securities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Commercial paper and corporate debt securities... LENDING AND INVESTMENT § 160.40 Commercial paper and corporate debt securities. Pursuant to HOLA section 5... investment in the commercial paper and corporate debt securities of any one issuer, or issued by any one...

  15. 12 CFR 560.40 - Commercial paper and corporate debt securities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 5 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Commercial paper and corporate debt securities... paper and corporate debt securities. Pursuant to HOLA section 5(c)(2)(D), a Federal savings association may invest in, sell, or hold commercial paper and corporate debt securities subject to the provisions...

  16. An Examination of Business Students' Student Loan Debt and Total Debt

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kuzma, Ann T.; Kuzma, John R.; Thiewes, Harold F.

    2010-01-01

    Under the current economic environment and its high levels of unemployment, many people are turning to university education to attain higher education or simply to upgrade their skills and avoid continued unemployment. This paper examines student workloads, debt levels, and the debt perceptions of junior- and senior-level College of Business…

  17. Debt Change and Marital Satisfaction Change in Recently Married Couples

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Dew, Jeffrey

    2008-01-01

    Although recently married couples report debt as one of their top concerns, research has not measured how debt changes relate to changes in their marital satisfaction. Further, the mechanisms that link debt and marital satisfaction are unknown. Findings using the National Survey of Families and Households (N = 1,078 couples) demonstrated that…

  18. 20 CFR 422.305 - Report of overdue program overpayment debts to consumer reporting agencies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... debts to consumer reporting agencies. (a) Debts we will report. We will report to consumer reporting... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Report of overdue program overpayment debts to consumer reporting agencies. 422.305 Section 422.305 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY...

  19. 75 FR 8274 - Collection of Administrative Debts; Collection of Debts Arising From Enforcement and...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-02-24

    ...The Federal Election Commission (``Commission'') requests comments on proposed rules implementing statutory provisions regarding the collection of debts owed to the United States Government. The Commission also proposes integrating its rules regarding the collection of debts arising solely from the Administrative Fines program into the new proposed rules.

  20. 77 FR 65248 - Senior Executive Service; Public Debt Performance Review Board

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-10-25

    ... Performance Review Board AGENCY: Bureau of the Public Debt, Treasury. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: This notice announces the appointment of the members of the Public Debt Performance Review Board (PRB) for the Bureau of the Public Debt (BPD). The PRB reviews the performance appraisals of career senior executives who are...

  1. 12 CFR 225.140 - Disposition of property acquired in satisfaction of debts previously contracted.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... satisfaction of debts previously contracted. 225.140 Section 225.140 Banks and Banking FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM... property acquired in satisfaction of debts previously contracted. (a) The Board recently considered the... acquiring and holding assets acquired in satisfaction of a debt previously contracted in good faith (a “dpc...

  2. 12 CFR 1.7 - Securities held in satisfaction of debts previously contracted; holding period; disposal...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Securities held in satisfaction of debts... § 1.7 Securities held in satisfaction of debts previously contracted; holding period; disposal; accounting treatment; non-speculative purpose. (a) Securities held in satisfaction of debts previously...

  3. 7 CFR 3.12 - Reporting of consumer debts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Reporting of consumer debts. 3.12 Section 3.12... and Compromise of Claims § 3.12 Reporting of consumer debts. (a) Notice. In demand letters to debtors... the delinquent consumer debt to credit reporting agencies after 60 days; (2) The specific information...

  4. 26 CFR 1.988-6 - Nonfunctional currency contingent payment debt instruments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ...) rather than § 1.1275-4(b)(1) (e.g., the instrument is issued for non-publicly traded property). (2... in § 1.988-2(b)(2)(iii)(A), or, at the taxpayer's election, at the appropriate spot rate, as... into the taxpayer's functional currency at the spot rate on the last day of the taxable year in which...

  5. 26 CFR 1.988-6 - Nonfunctional currency contingent payment debt instruments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ...) rather than § 1.1275-4(b)(1) (e.g., the instrument is issued for non-publicly traded property). (2... in § 1.988-2(b)(2)(iii)(A), or, at the taxpayer's election, at the appropriate spot rate, as... into the taxpayer's functional currency at the spot rate on the last day of the taxable year in which...

  6. 26 CFR 1.988-6 - Nonfunctional currency contingent payment debt instruments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ...) rather than § 1.1275-4(b)(1) (e.g., the instrument is issued for non-publicly traded property). (2... in § 1.988-2(b)(2)(iii)(A), or, at the taxpayer's election, at the appropriate spot rate, as... into the taxpayer's functional currency at the spot rate on the last day of the taxable year in which...

  7. 26 CFR 1.988-6 - Nonfunctional currency contingent payment debt instruments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ...) rather than § 1.1275-4(b)(1) (e.g., the instrument is issued for non-publicly traded property). (2... in § 1.988-2(b)(2)(iii)(A), or, at the taxpayer's election, at the appropriate spot rate, as... into the taxpayer's functional currency at the spot rate on the last day of the taxable year in which...

  8. Postsecondary Education: Student Outcomes Vary at For-Profit, Nonprofit, and Public Schools. Report to Congressional Requesters. GAO-12-143

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Scott, George A.

    2011-01-01

    To respond to Congress' interest in student outcomes at different types of schools, this report addresses the following questions: (1) What does research show about graduation rates, employment outcomes, student loan debts, and default rates for students at for-profit schools compared to those at nonprofit and public schools, taking differences in…

  9. A Mixed-Methods Study Using a Nonclinical Sample to Measure Feasibility of Ostrich Community: A Web-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Program for Individuals With Debt and Associated Stress

    PubMed Central

    Smail, Dawn; Elison, Sarah; Dubrow-Marshall, Linda

    2017-01-01

    Background There are increasing concerns about the health and well-being of individuals facing financial troubles. For instance, in the United Kingdom, the relationship between debt and mental health difficulties is becoming more evident due to the economic downturn and welfare reform. Access to debt counseling services is limited and individuals may be reluctant to access services due to stigma. In addition, most of these services may not be appropriately resourced to address the psychological impact of debt. This study describes outcomes from an Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (ICBT) program, Ostrich Community (OC), which was developed to provide support to those struggling with debt and associated psychological distress. Objective The aim of this feasibility study was to assess the suitability and acceptability of the OC program in a nonclinical sample and examine mental health and well-being outcomes from using the program. Methods A total of 15 participants (who were not suffering from severe financial difficulty) were assisted in working through the 8-week ICBT program. Participants rated usability and satisfaction with the program, and after completion 7 participants took part in a semistructured interview to provide further feedback. Before the first session and after the final session all participants completed questionnaires to measure well-being and levels of depression, stress, and anxiety and pre- and postscores were compared. Results Satisfaction was high and themes emerging from the interviews indicate that the program has the potential to promote effective financial behaviors and improve financial and global psychosocial well-being. When postcompletion scores were compared with those taken before the program, significant improvements were identified on psychometric measures of well-being, stress, and anxiety. Conclusions The OC program is the first ICBT program that targets poor mental health associated with financial difficulty. This feasibility study indicates that OC may be an effective intervention for increasing financial resilience, supporting individuals to become financially independent, and promoting positive financial and global well-being. Further work with individuals suffering from debt and associated emotional difficulties will help to examine clinical effectiveness more closely. PMID:28396305

  10. Personal Bankruptcy After Traumatic Brain or Spinal Cord Injury: The Role of Medical Debt

    PubMed Central

    Relyea-Chew, Annemarie; Hollingworth, William; Chan, Leighton; Comstock, Bryan A.; Overstreet, Karen A.; Jarvik, Jeffrey G.

    2012-01-01

    Objective To estimate the prevalence of medical debt among traumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal cord injury (SCI) patients who discharged their debts through bankruptcy. Design A cross-sectional comparison of bankruptcy filings of injured versus randomly selected bankruptcy petitioners. Setting Patients hospitalized with SCI or TBI (1996–2002) and personal bankruptcy petitioners (2001–2004) in western Washington State. Participants Subjects (N=186) who filed for bankruptcy, comprised of 93 patients with previous SCI or TBI and 93 randomly selected bankruptcy petitioners. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Medical and nonmedical debt, assets, income, expenses, and employment recorded in the bankruptcy petition. Results Five percent of randomly selected petitioners and 26% of petitioners with TBI or SCI had substantial medical debt (debt that accounted for more than 20% of all unsecured debts). SCI and TBI petitioners had fewer assets and were more likely to be receiving government income assistance at the time of bankruptcy than controls. SCI and TBI patients with a higher blood alcohol content at injury were more likely to have substantial medical debts (odds ratio=2.70; 95% confidence interval, 1.04–7.00). Conclusions Medical debt plays an important role in some bankruptcies after TBI or SCI. We discuss policy options for reducing financial distress after serious injury. PMID:19254605

  11. Personal bankruptcy after traumatic brain or spinal cord injury: the role of medical debt.

    PubMed

    Relyea-Chew, Annemarie; Hollingworth, William; Chan, Leighton; Comstock, Bryan A; Overstreet, Karen A; Jarvik, Jeffrey G

    2009-03-01

    To estimate the prevalence of medical debt among traumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal cord injury (SCI) patients who discharged their debts through bankruptcy. A cross-sectional comparison of bankruptcy filings of injured versus randomly selected bankruptcy petitioners. Patients hospitalized with SCI or TBI (1996-2002) and personal bankruptcy petitioners (2001-2004) in western Washington State. Subjects (N=186) who filed for bankruptcy, comprised of 93 patients with previous SCI or TBI and 93 randomly selected bankruptcy petitioners. Not applicable. Medical and nonmedical debt, assets, income, expenses, and employment recorded in the bankruptcy petition. Five percent of randomly selected petitioners and 26% of petitioners with TBI or SCI had substantial medical debt (debt that accounted for more than 20% of all unsecured debts). SCI and TBI petitioners had fewer assets and were more likely to be receiving government income assistance at the time of bankruptcy than controls. SCI and TBI patients with a higher blood alcohol content at injury were more likely to have substantial medical debts (odds ratio=2.70; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-7.00). Medical debt plays an important role in some bankruptcies after TBI or SCI. We discuss policy options for reducing financial distress after serious injury.

  12. A model of the demand for Islamic banks debt-based financing instrument

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Jusoh, Mansor; Khalid, Norlin

    2013-04-01

    This paper presents a theoretical analysis of the demand for debt-based financing instruments of the Islamic banks. Debt-based financing, such as through baibithamanajil and al-murabahah, is by far the most prominent of the Islamic bank financing and yet it has been largely ignored in Islamic economics literature. Most studies instead have been focusing on equity-based financing of al-mudharabah and al-musyarakah. Islamic bank offers debt-based financing through various instruments derived under the principle of exchange (ukud al-mu'awadhat) or more specifically, the contract of deferred sale. Under such arrangement, Islamic debt is created when goods are purchased and the payments are deferred. Thus, unlike debt of the conventional bank which is a form of financial loan contract to facilitate demand for liquid assets, this Islamic debt is created in response to the demand to purchase goods by deferred payment. In this paper we set an analytical framework that is based on an infinitely lived representative agent model (ILRA model) to analyze the demand for goods to be purchased by deferred payment. The resulting demand will then be used to derive the demand for Islamic debt. We also investigate theoretically, factors that may have an impact on the demand for Islamic debt.

  13. Demographic and service-use profiles of individuals using the CarePayment program for hospital-related medical debt: results from a nationwide survey of guarantors.

    PubMed

    Lessard, Laura; Solomon, Julie

    2016-07-15

    Many Americans find themselves with problems paying medical bills, and medical debt can lead to numerous negative financial, social and access to healthcare outcomes. One potential market-based solution to these challenges is to provide financing options that have patient-friendly terms while complying with increasingly complex federal lending regulations. CarePayment (CP) is one entity that provides zero interest financing to individuals from participating medical facilities. An independent, initial outcome study was undertaken to understand the demographic and medical debt-related outcomes of CP users. This information is integral to understanding whether and how this program can ameliorate the negative consequences of medical debt. A nationwide telephone survey was conducted with a random sample of 8122 guarantors who were paying off CarePayment debt as of January 1, 2015. Respondents were asked about their demographic characteristics as well as self-report of negative outcomes typically associated with medical debt. Analyses included descriptive statistics along with logistic regression models comparing first-time CP users and those with higher amounts of CP debt to others. The most commonly reported financial challenge related to medical bills was problems paying or being unable to pay medical bills (59.5 %). The most commonly reported access-to-care challenges were skipping a medical test or treatment recommended by a doctor (32.9 %) and having a medical problem but not going to the doctor/clinic (30.3 %). Comparisons between first-time and repeat CP users suggest that first-time users were significantly more likely to report several negative outcomes and those with both CP and non-CP debt were significantly more likely to report nearly all of the undesirable financial and access outcomes that were assessed compared to those with only CP debt. The results suggest that CP use, especially repeat CP use, may be associated with a reduction in many negative outcomes of medical debt. In addition, while we found that individuals with only CP debt fared better than those with both CP debt and other medical debt, 60 % of our sample had more than one source of medical debt. This suggests that the beneficial impact of CP could be increased by expanding access to the program.

  14. How We Snatched Our Schools from the Brink of Financial Ruin.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Jones, Mike M.

    1981-01-01

    The Waycross (Georgia) school system retired its debt and reduced its tax rates, without reducing educational quality, by budgeting for an operating reserve, carefully reviewing programs, reducing its fiscal responsibilities for special programs, and tightening its budget management techniques. (RW)

  15. 12 CFR 250.221 - Issuance and sale of short-term debt obligations by bank holding companies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... money market conditions but would presumably be at rates somewhat above those permitted by Regulation Q... (17 CFR 231.4412). The reasons for such exemption, taken together with the abuses that gave rise to...

  16. 12 CFR 250.221 - Issuance and sale of short-term debt obligations by bank holding companies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... money market conditions but would presumably be at rates somewhat above those permitted by Regulation Q... (17 CFR 231.4412). The reasons for such exemption, taken together with the abuses that gave rise to...

  17. 12 CFR 250.221 - Issuance and sale of short-term debt obligations by bank holding companies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... money market conditions but would presumably be at rates somewhat above those permitted by Regulation Q... (17 CFR 231.4412). The reasons for such exemption, taken together with the abuses that gave rise to...

  18. 12 CFR 250.221 - Issuance and sale of short-term debt obligations by bank holding companies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... money market conditions but would presumably be at rates somewhat above those permitted by Regulation Q... (17 CFR 231.4412). The reasons for such exemption, taken together with the abuses that gave rise to...

  19. Student Debt Crisis: Are Students Incurring Excessive Debt? Program Report 85-13.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hansen, W. Lee; Rhodes, Marilyn S.

    Definitions of manageable college student debts are discussed and one definition is applied to California data, using the Student Expenses and Resources Survey. Definitions proposed by Daniere, Hartman, and Horch define manageable debt levels in terms of future income. A comparison of the three proposals shows the number of years of repayment…

  20. 12 CFR 16.6 - Sales of nonconvertible debt.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Sales of nonconvertible debt. 16.6 Section 16.6... RULES § 16.6 Sales of nonconvertible debt. (a) The OCC will deem offers or sales of bank issued... grade; (5) Prior to or simultaneously with the sale of the debt, each purchaser receives an offering...

  1. Development and External Debt: Friend or Foe? Academy for Educational Development 25th Anniversary Seminar Series.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hope, Nicholas C.

    Arguing that the benefits from borrowing abroad exceed the costs recently imposed on countries through debt-servicing difficulties, this paper defines debt as an engine of growth, forcing the borrower to produce goods efficiently, export them, and function competitively in the international market. Debt-servicing difficulties of developing nations…

  2. 15 CFR 19.7 - When will Commerce entities compromise a Commerce debt?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false When will Commerce entities compromise a Commerce debt? 19.7 Section 19.7 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce COMMERCE DEBT COLLECTION Procedures To Collect Commerce Debts § 19.7 When will Commerce entities compromise...

  3. 15 CFR 19.15 - How will Commerce entities refer Commerce debts to private collection agencies?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false How will Commerce entities refer Commerce debts to private collection agencies? 19.15 Section 19.15 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce COMMERCE DEBT COLLECTION Procedures To Collect Commerce Debts § 19.15 How will...

  4. 15 CFR 19.15 - How will Commerce entities refer Commerce debts to private collection agencies?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false How will Commerce entities refer Commerce debts to private collection agencies? 19.15 Section 19.15 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce COMMERCE DEBT COLLECTION Procedures To Collect Commerce Debts § 19.15 How will...

  5. 15 CFR 19.15 - How will Commerce entities refer Commerce debts to private collection agencies?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false How will Commerce entities refer Commerce debts to private collection agencies? 19.15 Section 19.15 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce COMMERCE DEBT COLLECTION Procedures To Collect Commerce Debts § 19.15 How will...

  6. 15 CFR 19.7 - When will Commerce entities compromise a Commerce debt?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false When will Commerce entities compromise a Commerce debt? 19.7 Section 19.7 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce COMMERCE DEBT COLLECTION Procedures To Collect Commerce Debts § 19.7 When will Commerce entities compromise...

  7. 15 CFR 19.15 - How will Commerce entities refer Commerce debts to private collection agencies?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false How will Commerce entities refer Commerce debts to private collection agencies? 19.15 Section 19.15 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce COMMERCE DEBT COLLECTION Procedures To Collect Commerce Debts § 19.15 How will...

  8. 15 CFR 19.7 - When will Commerce entities compromise a Commerce debt?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false When will Commerce entities compromise a Commerce debt? 19.7 Section 19.7 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce COMMERCE DEBT COLLECTION Procedures To Collect Commerce Debts § 19.7 When will Commerce entities compromise...

  9. 15 CFR 19.15 - How will Commerce entities refer Commerce debts to private collection agencies?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false How will Commerce entities refer Commerce debts to private collection agencies? 19.15 Section 19.15 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce COMMERCE DEBT COLLECTION Procedures To Collect Commerce Debts § 19.15 How will...

  10. 15 CFR 19.7 - When will Commerce entities compromise a Commerce debt?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false When will Commerce entities compromise a Commerce debt? 19.7 Section 19.7 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce COMMERCE DEBT COLLECTION Procedures To Collect Commerce Debts § 19.7 When will Commerce entities compromise...

  11. 15 CFR 19.7 - When will Commerce entities compromise a Commerce debt?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false When will Commerce entities compromise a Commerce debt? 19.7 Section 19.7 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce COMMERCE DEBT COLLECTION Procedures To Collect Commerce Debts § 19.7 When will Commerce entities compromise...

  12. 26 CFR 1.593-5 - Addition to reserves for bad debts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 7 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true Addition to reserves for bad debts. 1.593-5... bad debts. (a) Amount of addition. As an alternative to a deduction from gross income under section... a deduction under section 166(c) for a reasonable addition to a reserve for bad debts. In the case...

  13. 7 CFR 792.15 - Prior provision of rights with respect to debt.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 7 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Prior provision of rights with respect to debt. 792.15..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE PROVISIONS COMMON TO MORE THAN ONE PROGRAM DEBT SETTLEMENT POLICIES AND PROCEDURES § 792.15 Prior provision of rights with respect to debt. FSA will not provide an administrative appeal...

  14. 12 CFR 16.6 - Sales of nonconvertible debt.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Sales of nonconvertible debt. 16.6 Section 16.6... RULES § 16.6 Sales of nonconvertible debt. (a) The OCC will deem offers or sales of bank issued...) Prior to or simultaneously with the sale of the debt, each purchaser receives an offering document that...

  15. 12 CFR 16.6 - Sales of nonconvertible debt.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Sales of nonconvertible debt. 16.6 Section 16.6... RULES § 16.6 Sales of nonconvertible debt. (a) The OCC will deem offers or sales of bank issued... grade; (5) Prior to or simultaneously with the sale of the debt, each purchaser receives an offering...

  16. Debt-Repaying Mechanism in Chinese Relationships: An Exploration of the Folk Concepts of "Pao" and Human Emotional Debt.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Chang, Hui-Ching; Holt, G. Richard

    1994-01-01

    Explores the mechanisms of "pao" and human emotional debt underlying Chinese human relationships through interviews with 55 Chinese in Taiwan. The definition, recompensation, minimization, and manipulation of human emotional debt and the linguistic code by which relations can be made closer or more distant following the principles of…

  17. 45 CFR 2506.41 - What are the Corporation's procedures for collecting debts by tax refund offset?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... collecting debts by tax refund offset? 2506.41 Section 2506.41 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) CORPORATION FOR NATIONAL AND COMMUNITY SERVICE COLLECTION OF DEBTS Tax Refund Offset § 2506.41 What are the Corporation's procedures for collecting debts by tax refund offset? (a) The...

  18. 10 CFR 1015.405 - Discharge of indebtedness; reporting requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    .... (b) 31 U.S.C. 3711(i) requires DOE to sell a delinquent non-tax debt upon termination of collection... indebtedness; reporting requirements. (a) Before discharging a delinquent debt (also referred to as a close out of the debt), DOE shall take all appropriate steps to collect the debt in accordance with 31 U.S.C...

  19. 17 CFR 204.76 - Use of credit bureau or consumer reporting agencies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... interest that will accrue on the debt, that all costs incurred to collect the debt will be charged to the... EXCHANGE COMMISSION RULES RELATING TO DEBT COLLECTION Miscellaneous: Credit Bureau Reporting, Collection... delinquent debts to consumer reporting agencies (See 31 U.S.C. 3701(a)(3), 3711). Sixty days prior to release...

  20. 5 CFR 845.403 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... EMPLOYEES RETIREMENT SYSTEM-DEBT COLLECTION Agency Requests to OPM for Recovery of a Debt From the Civil... Act of 1966 as amended by the Debt Collection Act of 1982 and implemented by 4 CFR 101.1 et seq., the... Fund to satisfy a debt to the United States under 31 U.S.C. 3716. Agency means— (a) An Executive agency...

  1. Should the Public Pay for Higher Education? Equality, Liberty, and Educational Debt

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Martin, Christopher

    2017-01-01

    As governments shift costs from the public to students, a higher education has become synonymous with educational debt. Liberal egalitarians have justified educational debt on the grounds that it facilitates socioeconomic equality. On this view, the public should only fund access for those students who are so poorly off that educational debt would…

  2. 7 CFR 1951.136 - Procedures for Department of Treasury offset and cross-servicing for the Rural Housing Service...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ...-Servicing (Cross-Servicing) Program, which centralizes all Government debt collection actions. A borrower... debts which are over 180 days delinquent to the Secretary of the Treasury for collection by centralized... the debt is reported to Treasury. The notice will include: (1) The nature and amount of the debt, the...

  3. Playing the Numbers: The Best Bad Option

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Doyle, William R.

    2012-01-01

    College graduates and current students are swimming in a sea of debt. As of this writing, the total amount of outstanding student loan debt has been estimated at $960 billion. The Occupy Student Debt movement, inspired by Occupy Wall Street, has suggested that all student loan debt should be forgiven. As a starting point, members of the movement…

  4. 78 FR 54568 - Debt That Is a Position in Personal Property That Is Part of a Straddle

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-09-05

    ... regarding when an issuer's obligation under a debt instrument may be a position in actively traded personal... actively traded.'' A debt or obligation generally is not property of the debtor or obligor. Nevertheless... is denominated in a nonfunctional currency, the obligor's position under the debt obligation is a...

  5. Relationships between College Students' Credit Card Debt, Undesirable Academic Behaviors and Cognitions, and Academic Performance

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hogan, Eileen A.; Bryant, Sarah K.; Overymyer-Day, Leslie E.

    2013-01-01

    The acquisition of credit card debt by college students has long been a topic of concern. This study explores relationships among debt, undesirable academic behaviors and cognitions, and academic performance, through surveys of 338 students in a public university, replicating two past measures of credit card debt and creating new measures of…

  6. Transparency in State Debt Disclosure. Working Papers. No. 17-10

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Zhao, Bo; Wang, Wen

    2017-01-01

    We develop a new measure of relative debt transparency by comparing the amount of state debt reported in the annual Census survey and the amount reported in the statistical section of the state Comprehensive Annual Financial Report (CAFR). GASB 44 requires states to start reporting their total debt in the CAFR statistical section in FY 2006.…

  7. 29 CFR 4903.31 - Eligibility of debt for tax refund offset.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 4903.31 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) PENSION BENEFIT GUARANTY CORPORATION INTERNAL...) If the debt is a consumer debt and exceeds $100, the PBGC has disclosed the debt to a consumer reporting agency (as authorized by 31 U.S.C. 3711(f) and provided in § 4903.32), unless a consumer reporting...

  8. 13 CFR 120.975 - CDC Liquidation of loans and debt collection litigation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false CDC Liquidation of loans and debt... BUSINESS LOANS Development Company Loan Program (504) Authority of Cdcs to Perform Liquidation and Debt Collection Litigation § 120.975 CDC Liquidation of loans and debt collection litigation. (a) PCLP CDCs. If a...

  9. 13 CFR 120.975 - CDC Liquidation of loans and debt collection litigation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false CDC Liquidation of loans and debt... BUSINESS LOANS Development Company Loan Program (504) Authority of Cdcs to Perform Liquidation and Debt Collection Litigation § 120.975 CDC Liquidation of loans and debt collection litigation. (a) PCLP CDCs. If a...

  10. 13 CFR 120.975 - CDC Liquidation of loans and debt collection litigation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false CDC Liquidation of loans and debt... BUSINESS LOANS Development Company Loan Program (504) Authority of Cdcs to Perform Liquidation and Debt Collection Litigation § 120.975 CDC Liquidation of loans and debt collection litigation. (a) PCLP CDCs. If a...

  11. 13 CFR 120.975 - CDC Liquidation of loans and debt collection litigation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false CDC Liquidation of loans and debt... BUSINESS LOANS Development Company Loan Program (504) Authority of Cdcs to Perform Liquidation and Debt Collection Litigation § 120.975 CDC Liquidation of loans and debt collection litigation. (a) PCLP CDCs. If a...

  12. 13 CFR 120.975 - CDC Liquidation of loans and debt collection litigation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false CDC Liquidation of loans and debt... BUSINESS LOANS Development Company Loan Program (504) Authority of Cdcs to Perform Liquidation and Debt Collection Litigation § 120.975 CDC Liquidation of loans and debt collection litigation. (a) PCLP CDCs. If a...

  13. 12 CFR 160.40 - Commercial paper and corporate debt securities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Commercial paper and corporate debt securities... LENDING AND INVESTMENT § 160.40 Commercial paper and corporate debt securities. Pursuant to HOLA section 5... paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this section. (2) Corporate debt securities must be: (i) Securities that may be sold...

  14. A Handbook on Debt Management for Colleges and Universities.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Forrester, Robert T.

    Between 1983 and 1986, colleges and universities issued about $20 billion of debt for facilities and student financing, and it is predicted that billions of dollars of new debt will be needed for building renovation. Debt capacity, management, and accounting are now major issues, and the purpose of this book is to provide a handy reference manual…

  15. 34 CFR 30.35 - What procedures does the Secretary follow to report debts to consumer reporting agencies?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Debts to Consumer Reporting Agencies § 30.35 What procedures does the Secretary follow to report debts to consumer reporting agencies? (a)(1) The Secretary reports information regarding debts arising... 34 Education 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What procedures does the Secretary follow to report...

  16. 20 CFR 422.425 - How will we conduct our review of the debt?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false How will we conduct our review of the debt? 422.425 Section 422.425 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION ORGANIZATION AND PROCEDURES Collection of Debts by Administrative Wage Garnishment § 422.425 How will we conduct our review of the debt...

  17. A Lifetime of Student Debt? Not Likely

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Wilson, Robin

    2009-01-01

    In this article, the author examines the issue of student debt. Despite tales of gargantuan student debt burdens for some college graduates, studies show that most students borrow sensibly, pay it back, and are better off for having gone to college. But for a vocal minority of borrowers, problems with student-loan debt are very real. About 8…

  18. Student Debt and the Class of 2011

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Reed, Matthew; Cochrane, Debbie

    2012-01-01

    Student Debt and the Class of 2011 is the seventh annual report on the cumulative student loan debt of recent graduates from four-year public and private nonprofit colleges. The authors' analysis found that the debt levels of students who graduate with loans continued to rise, with considerable variation among states as well as among colleges. The…

  19. 15 CFR 19.14 - How will Commerce entities report Commerce debts to credit bureaus?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false How will Commerce entities report Commerce debts to credit bureaus? 19.14 Section 19.14 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce COMMERCE DEBT COLLECTION Procedures To Collect Commerce Debts § 19.14 How will Commerce entities...

  20. 15 CFR 19.14 - How will Commerce entities report Commerce debts to credit bureaus?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false How will Commerce entities report Commerce debts to credit bureaus? 19.14 Section 19.14 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce COMMERCE DEBT COLLECTION Procedures To Collect Commerce Debts § 19.14 How will Commerce entities...

  1. 15 CFR 19.14 - How will Commerce entities report Commerce debts to credit bureaus?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false How will Commerce entities report Commerce debts to credit bureaus? 19.14 Section 19.14 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce COMMERCE DEBT COLLECTION Procedures To Collect Commerce Debts § 19.14 How will Commerce entities...

  2. 15 CFR 19.14 - How will Commerce entities report Commerce debts to credit bureaus?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false How will Commerce entities report Commerce debts to credit bureaus? 19.14 Section 19.14 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce COMMERCE DEBT COLLECTION Procedures To Collect Commerce Debts § 19.14 How will Commerce entities...

  3. 15 CFR 19.14 - How will Commerce entities report Commerce debts to credit bureaus?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false How will Commerce entities report Commerce debts to credit bureaus? 19.14 Section 19.14 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce COMMERCE DEBT COLLECTION Procedures To Collect Commerce Debts § 19.14 How will Commerce entities...

  4. 36 CFR 1011.15 - How will the Presidio Trust refer debts to private collection contractors?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false How will the Presidio Trust... Property PRESIDIO TRUST DEBT COLLECTION Procedures To Collect Presidio Trust Debts § 1011.15 How will the Presidio Trust refer debts to private collection contractors? The Presidio Trust will transfer delinquent...

  5. Driving under the influence as a turning point? A register-based study on financial and social consequences among first-time male offenders.

    PubMed

    Oksanen, Atte; Aaltonen, Mikko; Kivivuori, Janne

    2015-03-01

    To examine gradual change in debt problems, divorce and income among men in Finland before and after a first conviction for driving under the influence (DUI). A register-based longitudinal study conducted in Finland between 1999 and 2013. A nationally representative sample of 70,659 Finnish males born between 1918 and 1983, and a subsample of males (n = 1782) who had their first DUI conviction during 2005-2012. Descriptive statistics showing the socio-demographic and economic determinants of DUI. The main analysis was based on a longitudinal, within-individual setting. The impact of DUI on debt problems, divorce and income was analysed using random effects regression models. DUI offenders were more likely to be younger and to have lower education and income than the non-DUI group. Criminal convictions were also more common among DUI offenders. Debt problems, divorce and loss of income were more likely after the DUI incident than before. The already increasing level of debt problems accelerated after the incident and divorce rates increased after the DUI incident, whereas the decrease in income was gradual over the whole observation period. Among men in Finland, DUI offences are more common among vulnerable social groups. The first drunk-driving conviction among men in Finland constitutes a significant life event that appears to increase the likelihood of financial problems and divorce. © 2014 Society for the Study of Addiction.

  6. 7 CFR 3430.61 - Debt collection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ...-GENERAL AWARD ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS Post-Award and Closeout § 3430.61 Debt collection. The collection... funds, unobligated balances, or other circumstances, are subject to the Department's debt collection...

  7. Can medical students afford to choose primary care? An economic analysis of physician education debt repayment.

    PubMed

    Youngclaus, James A; Koehler, Paul A; Kotlikoff, Laurence J; Wiecha, John M

    2013-01-01

    Some discussions of physician specialty choice imply that indebted medical students avoid choosing primary care because education debt repayment seems economically unfeasible. The authors analyzed whether a physician earning a typical primary care salary can repay the current median level of education debt and meet standard household expenses without incurring additional debt. In 2010-2011, the authors used comprehensive financial planning software to model the annual finances for a fictional physician's household to compare the impact of various debt levels, repayment plans, and living expenses across three specialties. To accurately develop this spending model, they used published data from federal and local agencies, real estate sources, and national organizations. Despite growing debt levels, the authors found that physicians in all specialties can repay the current level of education debt without incurring more debt. However, some scenarios, typically those with higher borrowing levels, required trade-offs and compromises. For example, extended repayment plans require large increases in the total amount of interest repaid and the number of repayment years required, and the use of a federal loan forgiveness/repayment program requires a service obligation such as working at a nonprofit or practicing in a medically underserved area. A primary care career remains financially viable for medical school graduates with median levels of education debt. Graduates pursuing primary care with higher debt levels need to consider additional strategies to support repayment such as extended repayment terms, use of a federal loan forgiveness/repayment program, or not living in the highest-cost areas.

  8. The Relationship Between Hospital Value-Based Purchasing Program Scores and Hospital Bond Ratings.

    PubMed

    Rangnekar, Anooja; Johnson, Tricia; Garman, Andrew; O'Neil, Patricia

    2015-01-01

    Tax-exempt hospitals and health systems often borrow long-term debt to fund capital investments. Lenders use bond ratings as a standard metric to assess whether to lend funds to a hospital. Credit rating agencies have historically relied on financial performance measures and a hospital's ability to service debt obligations to determine bond ratings. With the growth in pay-for-performance-based reimbursement models, rating agencies are expanding their hospital bond rating criteria to include hospital utilization and value-based purchasing (VBP) measures. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between the Hospital VBP domains--Clinical Process of Care, Patient Experience of Care, Outcome, and Medicare Spending per Beneficiary (MSPB)--and hospital bond ratings. Given the historical focus on financial performance, we hypothesized that hospital bond ratings are not associated with any of the Hospital VBP domains. This was a retrospective, cross-sectional study of all hospitals that were rated by Moody's for fiscal year 2012 and participated in the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services' VBP program as of January 2014 (N = 285). Of the 285 hospitals in the study, 15% had been assigned a bond rating of Aa, and 46% had been assigned an A rating. Using a binary logistic regression model, we found an association between MSPB only and bond ratings, after controlling for other VBP and financial performance scores; however, MSPB did not improve the overall predictive accuracy of the model. Inclusion of VBP scores in the methodology used to determine hospital bond ratings is likely to affect hospital bond ratings in the near term.

  9. Debt Profiles of Model Students: The Projected Debt of Highly Productive Students and Its Economic Impact

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Fincher, Mark E.

    2017-01-01

    A common misperception suggests that a high-achieving student can easily complete a degree with very limited debt, and that students with high levels of debt are thus underachievers. This assumption is supported by memories of previous decades when it was realistically possible for most students to work their way through college. This view,…

  10. 15 CFR 19.16 - When will Commerce entities refer Commerce debts to the Department of Justice?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false When will Commerce entities refer Commerce debts to the Department of Justice? 19.16 Section 19.16 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce COMMERCE DEBT COLLECTION Procedures To Collect Commerce Debts § 19.16 When will...

  11. 15 CFR 19.11 - How will Commerce entities use tax refund offset to collect a Commerce debt?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false How will Commerce entities use tax refund offset to collect a Commerce debt? 19.11 Section 19.11 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce COMMERCE DEBT COLLECTION Procedures To Collect Commerce Debts § 19.11 How will...

  12. 15 CFR 19.11 - How will Commerce entities use tax refund offset to collect a Commerce debt?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false How will Commerce entities use tax refund offset to collect a Commerce debt? 19.11 Section 19.11 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce COMMERCE DEBT COLLECTION Procedures To Collect Commerce Debts § 19.11 How will...

  13. 15 CFR 19.11 - How will Commerce entities use tax refund offset to collect a Commerce debt?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false How will Commerce entities use tax refund offset to collect a Commerce debt? 19.11 Section 19.11 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce COMMERCE DEBT COLLECTION Procedures To Collect Commerce Debts § 19.11 How will...

  14. 15 CFR 19.16 - When will Commerce entities refer Commerce debts to the Department of Justice?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false When will Commerce entities refer Commerce debts to the Department of Justice? 19.16 Section 19.16 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce COMMERCE DEBT COLLECTION Procedures To Collect Commerce Debts § 19.16 When will...

  15. 15 CFR 19.11 - How will Commerce entities use tax refund offset to collect a Commerce debt?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false How will Commerce entities use tax refund offset to collect a Commerce debt? 19.11 Section 19.11 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce COMMERCE DEBT COLLECTION Procedures To Collect Commerce Debts § 19.11 How will...

  16. 15 CFR 19.11 - How will Commerce entities use tax refund offset to collect a Commerce debt?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false How will Commerce entities use tax refund offset to collect a Commerce debt? 19.11 Section 19.11 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce COMMERCE DEBT COLLECTION Procedures To Collect Commerce Debts § 19.11 How will...

  17. 15 CFR 19.16 - When will Commerce entities refer Commerce debts to the Department of Justice?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false When will Commerce entities refer Commerce debts to the Department of Justice? 19.16 Section 19.16 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce COMMERCE DEBT COLLECTION Procedures To Collect Commerce Debts § 19.16 When will...

  18. 15 CFR 19.16 - When will Commerce entities refer Commerce debts to the Department of Justice?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false When will Commerce entities refer Commerce debts to the Department of Justice? 19.16 Section 19.16 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce COMMERCE DEBT COLLECTION Procedures To Collect Commerce Debts § 19.16 When will...

  19. 15 CFR 19.16 - When will Commerce entities refer Commerce debts to the Department of Justice?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false When will Commerce entities refer Commerce debts to the Department of Justice? 19.16 Section 19.16 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce COMMERCE DEBT COLLECTION Procedures To Collect Commerce Debts § 19.16 When will...

  20. 25 CFR 513.20 - What debts can the Commission refer to Treasury for collection by administrative and tax refund...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GENERAL PROVISIONS DEBT COLLECTION Administrative and Tax Refund Offset § 513.20 What debts can the Commission refer to Treasury for collection by administrative and tax... person to the Treasury for administrative and tax refund offset if the debt: (1) Has been delinquent for...

  1. 25 CFR 513.21 - What notice will a debtor be given of the Commission's intent to collect a debt through...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... intent to collect a debt through administrative and tax refund offset? 513.21 Section 513.21 Indians... collect a debt through administrative and tax refund offset? (a) The Commission will give the debtor... after the date of the notice, the Commission will refer the debt to Treasury for administrative and tax...

  2. Student Loan Debt for Community College Transfer Students and How Debt Information Letters Impact Future Borrowing Decisions

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Mckinney, Kenneth Paul

    2017-01-01

    There has been a proliferation of student loan debt over the past decade. The indebtedness that students incur while attending college reduces their discretionary income once they enter repayment after graduation. For graduates, there is an opportunity cost along with personal and professional life decisions being made based on this debt. For…

  3. 15 CFR 19.4 - What notice will Commerce entities send to a debtor when collecting a Commerce debt?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false What notice will Commerce entities send to a debtor when collecting a Commerce debt? 19.4 Section 19.4 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce COMMERCE DEBT COLLECTION Procedures To Collect Commerce Debts § 19.4...

  4. 24 CFR 17.159 - Application of offset funds: Federal payment is insufficient to cover amount of debt.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ...: Federal payment is insufficient to cover amount of debt. 17.159 Section 17.159 Housing and Urban... Procedures for the Collection of Claims by the Government Irs Tax Refund and Federal Payment Offset... insufficient to cover amount of debt. If an offset of a Federal payment is insufficient to satisfy a debt, the...

  5. 17 CFR 240.15c3-1g - Conditions for ultimate holding companies of certain brokers or dealers (Appendix G to 17 CFR 240...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... conditions of paragraphs (a)(1)(ii)(A) through (D) of this appendix G; (B) Subordinated debt if the original weighted average maturity of the subordinated debt is at least five years; each subordinated debt... the Securities Investor Protection Corporation; the subordinated debt is unsecured and subordinated in...

  6. 36 CFR 1011.21 - How do other Federal agencies use the offset process to collect debts from payments issued by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... use the offset process to collect debts from payments issued by the Presidio Trust? 1011.21 Section 1011.21 Parks, Forests, and Public Property PRESIDIO TRUST DEBT COLLECTION Procedures for Offset of Presidio Trust Payments To Collect Debts Owed To Other Federal Agencies § 1011.21 How do other Federal...

  7. "I Fully Expect to Die with This Debt"

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Patton, Stacey

    2013-01-01

    Student-loan debt is not just a problem for young, recent college graduates searching for their first jobs. Growing numbers of adults nearing the ends of their careers are accumulating such big debt, too, and they don't have a lifetime to pay it back. In fact, student-loan debt is growing fastest among adults ages 60 and older, with more than two…

  8. 26 CFR 1.1272-2 - Treatment of debt instruments purchased at a premium.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 11 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true Treatment of debt instruments purchased at a....1272-2 Treatment of debt instruments purchased at a premium. (a) In general. Under section 1272(c)(1), if a holder purchases a debt instrument at a premium, the holder does not include any OID in gross...

  9. 7 CFR 3.79 - Review of USDA records related to the debt.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Review of USDA records related to the debt. 3.79....79 Review of USDA records related to the debt. (a) Notification by employee. An employee who intends to inspect or copy USDA records related to the debt must send a letter to USDA stating his or her...

  10. 7 CFR 3.79 - Review of USDA records related to the debt.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Review of USDA records related to the debt. 3.79....79 Review of USDA records related to the debt. (a) Notification by employee. An employee who intends to inspect or copy USDA records related to the debt must send a letter to USDA stating his or her...

  11. 7 CFR 3.79 - Review of USDA records related to the debt.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Review of USDA records related to the debt. 3.79....79 Review of USDA records related to the debt. (a) Notification by employee. An employee who intends to inspect or copy USDA records related to the debt must send a letter to USDA stating his or her...

  12. 7 CFR 3.79 - Review of USDA records related to the debt.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Review of USDA records related to the debt. 3.79....79 Review of USDA records related to the debt. (a) Notification by employee. An employee who intends to inspect or copy USDA records related to the debt must send a letter to USDA stating his or her...

  13. 7 CFR 3.79 - Review of USDA records related to the debt.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Review of USDA records related to the debt. 3.79....79 Review of USDA records related to the debt. (a) Notification by employee. An employee who intends to inspect or copy USDA records related to the debt must send a letter to USDA stating his or her...

  14. 15 CFR 19.12 - How will Commerce entities offset a Federal employee's salary to collect a Commerce debt?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false How will Commerce entities offset a Federal employee's salary to collect a Commerce debt? 19.12 Section 19.12 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce COMMERCE DEBT COLLECTION Procedures To Collect Commerce Debts § 19.12...

  15. 15 CFR 19.12 - How will Commerce entities offset a Federal employee's salary to collect a Commerce debt?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false How will Commerce entities offset a Federal employee's salary to collect a Commerce debt? 19.12 Section 19.12 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce COMMERCE DEBT COLLECTION Procedures To Collect Commerce Debts § 19.12...

  16. 15 CFR 19.12 - How will Commerce entities offset a Federal employee's salary to collect a Commerce debt?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false How will Commerce entities offset a Federal employee's salary to collect a Commerce debt? 19.12 Section 19.12 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce COMMERCE DEBT COLLECTION Procedures To Collect Commerce Debts § 19.12...

  17. 15 CFR 19.12 - How will Commerce entities offset a Federal employee's salary to collect a Commerce debt?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false How will Commerce entities offset a Federal employee's salary to collect a Commerce debt? 19.12 Section 19.12 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce COMMERCE DEBT COLLECTION Procedures To Collect Commerce Debts § 19.12...

  18. 36 CFR 1011.7 - When will the Presidio Trust compromise a debt?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false When will the Presidio Trust... Procedures To Collect Presidio Trust Debts § 1011.7 When will the Presidio Trust compromise a debt? (a... debt owed to the Presidio Trust that is not recovered as the result of a compromise will be reported to...

  19. 36 CFR 1011.16 - When will the Presidio Trust refer debts to the Department of Justice?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false When will the Presidio Trust... PRESIDIO TRUST DEBT COLLECTION Procedures To Collect Presidio Trust Debts § 1011.16 When will the Presidio... collection activity. The Presidio Trust will refer debts having a principal balance over $100,000, or such...

  20. 78 FR 4425 - Notice of Proposed Information Collection: Comment Request; Debt Resolution Program

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-01-22

    ... collect debt owed to the agency. As part of the collection process, demand for repayment is made on the... offers to repay the debt result in information collections. Borrowers who wish to pay less than the full... process, demand for repayment is made on the debtor(s). In response, debtors opt to ignore the debt, pay...

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