Nucleon-nucleon interactions via Lattice QCD: Methodology. HAL QCD approach to extract hadronic interactions in lattice QCD

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aoki, Sinya

2013-07-01

We review the potential method in lattice QCD, which has recently been proposed to extract nucleon-nucleon interactions via numerical simulations. We focus on the methodology of this approach by emphasizing the strategy of the potential method, the theoretical foundation behind it, and special numerical techniques. We compare the potential method with the standard finite volume method in lattice QCD, in order to make pros and cons of the approach clear. We also present several numerical results for nucleon-nucleon potentials.

Pre-College Science Curriculum Activities of the National Science Foundation. Report of Science Curriculum Review Team, Volume II-Appendix.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Science Foundation, Washington, DC.

Presented is a detailed study of National Science Foundation (NSF) programs in pre-college science education. The development of policies and operational procedures are traced over the past quarter century and their impact on management practice analyzed. The report is presented in two parts: Volume 1, the findings and recommendations, and Volume…

Simulation of Grouting Process in Rock Masses Under a Dam Foundation Characterized by a 3D Fracture Network

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Deng, Shaohui; Wang, Xiaoling; Yu, Jia; Zhang, Yichi; Liu, Zhen; Zhu, Yushan

2018-06-01

Grouting plays a crucial role in dam safety. Due to the concealment of grouting activities, complexity of fracture distribution in rock masses and rheological properties of cement grout, it is difficult to analyze the effects of grouting. In this paper, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation approach of dam foundation grouting based on a 3D fracture network model is proposed. In this approach, the 3D fracture network model, which is based on an improved bootstrap sampling method and established by VisualGeo software, can provide a reliable and accurate geometric model for CFD simulation of dam foundation grouting. Based on the model, a CFD simulation is performed, in which the Papanastasiou regularized model is used to express the grout rheological properties, and the volume of fluid technique is utilized to capture the grout fronts. Two sets of tests are performed to verify the effectiveness of the Papanastasiou regularized model. When applying the CFD simulation approach for dam foundation grouting, three technical issues can be solved: (1) collapsing potential of the fracture samples, (2) inconsistencies in the geometric model in actual fractures under complex geological conditions, and (3) inappropriate method of characterizing the rheological properties of cement grout. The applicability of the proposed approach is demonstrated by an illustrative case study—a hydropower station dam foundation in southwestern China.

Development of a theoretical framework for analyzing cerebrospinal fluid dynamics

PubMed Central

Cohen, Benjamin; Voorhees, Abram; Vedel, Søren; Wei, Timothy

2009-01-01

Background To date hydrocephalus researchers acknowledge the need for rigorous but utilitarian fluid mechanics understanding and methodologies in studying normal and hydrocephalic intracranial dynamics. Pressure volume models and electric circuit analogs introduced pressure into volume conservation; but control volume analysis enforces independent conditions on pressure and volume. Previously, utilization of clinical measurements has been limited to understanding of the relative amplitude and timing of flow, volume and pressure waveforms; qualitative approaches without a clear framework for meaningful quantitative comparison. Methods Control volume analysis is presented to introduce the reader to the theoretical background of this foundational fluid mechanics technique for application to general control volumes. This approach is able to directly incorporate the diverse measurements obtained by clinicians to better elucidate intracranial dynamics and progression to disorder. Results Several examples of meaningful intracranial control volumes and the particular measurement sets needed for the analysis are discussed. Conclusion Control volume analysis provides a framework to guide the type and location of measurements and also a way to interpret the resulting data within a fundamental fluid physics analysis. PMID:19772652

Formal Methods for Privacy

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-09-01

Review, 39:962, 1964. [8] D. Chaum . Secret ballot receipts: True voter-verifiable elections. IEEE J. Security and Privacy, pages 38–47, 2004. [9...TCC 2005), pages 363–385, 2005. [10] David Clark, Sebastian Hunt, and Pasquale Malacaria. A static analysis for quantifying in- formation flow in a... David Buckingham, editor, MacArthur Foundation Series on Digital Learning– Youth, Identity, Digital Media Volume, Cambridge, MA, 2007. MIT Press. 11

Development of Vocational Education and Training Standards: The Impact of Labour Market Information. Manual. Qualifications and Training Methods.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mansfield, Bob, Ed.

This is the third publication in the European Training Foundation's (ETF's) series of manuals designed to support development of vocational education and training (VET) standards. This volume looks at ways in which VET standards are linked to labor market demands and how relevant VET standards are to the needs of employment in a market economy.…

Foundations of Education: Texts and the Canon.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gottlieb, Esther E.

This paper attempts to outline the textual canon of the foundations of education in U.S. teacher education programs. Background research for the project included a review of selected texts and samples of course syllabi. Analysis of the contents and prefaces of the two volumes of "Reading in the Foundations of Education" (published in…

Spot-scanning beam delivery with laterally- and longitudinally-mixed spot size pencil beams in heavy ion radiotherapy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yan, Yuan-Lin; Liu, Xin-Guo; Dai, Zhong-Ying; Ma, Yuan-Yuan; He, Peng-Bo; Shen, Guo-Sheng; Ji, Teng-Fei; Zhang, Hui; Li, Qiang

2017-09-01

The three-dimensional (3D) spot-scanning method is one of the most commonly used irradiation methods in charged particle beam radiotherapy. Generally, spot-scanning beam delivery utilizes the same size pencil beam to irradiate the tumor targets. Here we propose a spot-scanning beam delivery method with laterally- and longitudinally-mixed size pencil beams for heavy ion radiotherapy. This uses pencil beams with a bigger spot size in the lateral direction and wider mini spread-out Bragg peak (mini-SOBP) to irradiate the inner part of a target volume, and pencil beams with a smaller spot size in the lateral direction and narrower mini-SOBP to irradiate the peripheral part of the target volume. Instead of being controlled by the accelerator, the lateral size of the pencil beam was adjusted by inserting Ta scatterers in the beam delivery line. The longitudinal size of the pencil beam (i.e. the width of the mini-SOBP) was adjusted by tilting mini ridge filters along the beam direction. The new spot-scanning beam delivery using carbon ions was investigated theoretically and compared with traditional spot-scanning beam delivery. Our results show that the new spot-scanning beam delivery has smaller lateral penumbra, steeper distal dose fall-off and the dose homogeneity (1-standard deviation/mean) in the target volume is better than 95%. Supported by Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1232207), National Key Technology Support Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2015BAI01B11), National Key Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2016YFC0904602) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (11075191, 11205217, 11475231, 11505249)

Numerical solutions of the macroscopic Maxwell equations for scattering by non-spherical particles: A tutorial review

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kahnert, Michael

2016-07-01

Numerical solution methods for electromagnetic scattering by non-spherical particles comprise a variety of different techniques, which can be traced back to different assumptions and solution strategies applied to the macroscopic Maxwell equations. One can distinguish between time- and frequency-domain methods; further, one can divide numerical techniques into finite-difference methods (which are based on approximating the differential operators), separation-of-variables methods (which are based on expanding the solution in a complete set of functions, thus approximating the fields), and volume integral-equation methods (which are usually solved by discretisation of the target volume and invoking the long-wave approximation in each volume cell). While existing reviews of the topic often tend to have a target audience of program developers and expert users, this tutorial review is intended to accommodate the needs of practitioners as well as novices to the field. The required conciseness is achieved by limiting the presentation to a selection of illustrative methods, and by omitting many technical details that are not essential at a first exposure to the subject. On the other hand, the theoretical basis of numerical methods is explained with little compromises in mathematical rigour; the rationale is that a good grasp of numerical light scattering methods is best achieved by understanding their foundation in Maxwell's theory.

Method and Mchievement of Survey and Evaluation of Groundwater Resources of Guangzhou City

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lin, J.

2017-12-01

Based on the documents and achievements relevant to hydrogeological surveying and mapping of 1:100000, hydrogeological drilling, pumping test and dynamic monitoring of groundwater level in Guangzhou, considering the hydrogeological conditions of Guangzhou and combining the advanced technologies such as remote sensing, the survey and evaluation of the volume of the groundwater resources of Guangzhou was carried out in plain and mountain areas separately. The recharge method was used to evaluate the volume of groundwater resources in plain areas, meanwhile, the output volume and the storage change volume of groundwater were calculated and the volume of groundwater resources was corrected by water balance analysis; while the discharge method was used to evaluated the volume of groundwater resources in mountain areas. The result of survey and evaluation indicates that: the volume of the natural groundwater resources in Guangzhou City is 1.83 billion m3 of which the groundwater replenishment quantity in plain areas is 510,045,000 m3, with a total output of 509,729,000 m3, an absolute balance difference of 316,000 m3 and a relative balance difference of 0.062%; the volume of groundwater resources in mountain areas is 1,358,208,000 m3 including the river basic flow is 965,054,000 m3; the repetitive counted volume of groundwater resources in both plain areas and mountain areas is 38,839,000 m3. This work was realized by refined means for the first time to entirely find out the volume of groundwater resources of Guangzhou City and the law of their distribution so as to lay an important foundation for the protection and reasonable development and exploration of the groundwater resources of Guangzhou City.

Accurate reconstruction of the optical parameter distribution in participating medium based on the frequency-domain radiative transfer equation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Qiao, Yao-Bin; Qi, Hong; Zhao, Fang-Zhou; Ruan, Li-Ming

2016-12-01

Reconstructing the distribution of optical parameters in the participating medium based on the frequency-domain radiative transfer equation (FD-RTE) to probe the internal structure of the medium is investigated in the present work. The forward model of FD-RTE is solved via the finite volume method (FVM). The regularization term formatted by the generalized Gaussian Markov random field model is used in the objective function to overcome the ill-posed nature of the inverse problem. The multi-start conjugate gradient (MCG) method is employed to search the minimum of the objective function and increase the efficiency of convergence. A modified adjoint differentiation technique using the collimated radiative intensity is developed to calculate the gradient of the objective function with respect to the optical parameters. All simulation results show that the proposed reconstruction algorithm based on FD-RTE can obtain the accurate distributions of absorption and scattering coefficients. The reconstructed images of the scattering coefficient have less errors than those of the absorption coefficient, which indicates the former are more suitable to probing the inner structure. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51476043), the Major National Scientific Instruments and Equipment Development Special Foundation of China (Grant No. 51327803), and the Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51121004).

The raft foundation reinforcement construction technology of Hongyun Building B tower

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Yu; Yin, Suhua; Wu, Yanli; Zhao, Ying

2017-08-01

The foundation of Hongyun building B tower is made of raft board foundation which is 3300mm in the thickness include four kinds of reinforcement Φ32, Φ28, Φ12 and 12 steel grade two, in respective. It is researched that the raft foundation mass concrete construction technology is expatiated from temperature and cracks of the raft foundation and the temperature control and monitoring of the concrete base slab construction and concrete curing. According to the characteristics with large volume and thickness of the engineering of raft foundation, the construction of the reinforced force was calculated and the quality control measures were used to the reinforcement binding and connection, so it is success that Hongyun Building B tower raft foundation reinforced construction.

Ultrathin free-standing graphene oxide film based flexible touchless sensor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Lin; Wang, Yingyi; Li, Guanghui; Qin, Sujie; Zhang, Ting

2018-01-01

Ultrathin free-standing graphene oxide (GO) films were fabricated by vacuum filtration method assisted with Ni(OH)2 nanosheets as the sacrifice layer. The surface of the obtained GO film is very clean as the Ni(OH)2 nanosheets can be thoroughly etched by HCl. The thickness of the GO films can be well-controlled by changing the volume of GO dispersion, and the thinnest GO film reached ~12 nm. As a novel and transparent dielectric material, the GO film has been applied as the dielectric layer for the flexible touchless capacitive sensor which can effectively distinguish the approaching of an insulator or a conductor. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 61574163) and the Foundation Research Project of Jiangsu Province (Nos. BK20160392, BK20170008).

12. ...CONCRETE IS BEING PLACED FOR THE FOUNDATION FOR THE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

12. ...CONCRETE IS BEING PLACED FOR THE FOUNDATION FOR THE WEST END OF THE OGEE SECTION OF SPILLWAY STRUCTURE. Volume XVI, No. 20, September 29, 1939. - Prado Dam, Spillway, Santa Ana River near junction of State Highways 71 & 91, Corona, Riverside County, CA

The Preliminary Design of a Standardized Spacecraft Bus for Small Tactical Satellites (Volume 1)

DTIC Science & Technology

1996-11-01

characteristics, and not detailed design recommendations, the team decided to avoid modeling the interaction among the objective attributes. 47 5.6 Flexibility of...in the Modsat computer model are necessarily "generic" in nature to provide both flexibility in design evaluation and a foundation on which more...the methods employed during the study, the scope of the problem, the value system used to evaluate alternatives, tradeoff studies performed, modeling

Educational Fund Raising: Principles and Practice. American Council on Education Series on Higher Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Worth, Michael J., Ed.

This volume offers 36 papers on higher education fundraising. Major topics treated are the development function, foundations of fund raising, annual giving, major gifts, campaigns, corporate and foundation support, special constituencies, managing development programs, special considerations for institutions, and special considerations for the…

"Music Matters": A Philosophical Foundation for a Sociology of Music Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McCarthy, Marie

2000-01-01

Focuses on the book, "Music Matters" (David Elliott). Identifies the social foundations present within the volume. Explores the implications of "Music Matters" in terms of three areas of music education: (1) music teacher education; (2) music in classrooms; and (3) the relationship of school and community music. (CMK)

The Philosophy and Foundations of Vocational Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

MSS Information Corp., New York, NY.

The introductory volume in a new series on vocational education, the book surveys recent literature on the philosophy and foundations of this relatively new field. Opening papers deal with the objectives of vocational education departments in high schools, current standards of technological and industrial education, and models for comprehensive…

Vibration characteristics of functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced composite rectangular plates on Pasternak foundation with arbitrary boundary conditions and internal line supports

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhong, Rui; Wang, Qingshan; Tang, Jinyuan; Shuai, Cijun; Liang, Qian

2018-02-01

This paper presents the first known vibration characteristics of moderately thick functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced composite rectangular plates on Pasternak foundation with arbitrary boundary conditions and internal line supports on the basis of the firstorder shear deformation theory. Different distributions of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) along the thickness are considered. Uniform and other three kinds of functionally graded distributions of carbon nanotubes along the thickness direction of plates are studied. The solutions carried out using an enhanced Ritz method mainly include the following three points: Firstly, create the Lagrange energy function by the energy principle; Secondly, as the main innovation point, the modified Fourier series are chosen as the basic functions of the admissible functions of the plates to eliminate all the relevant discontinuities of the displacements and their derivatives at the edges; Lastly, solve the natural frequencies as well as the associated mode shapes by means of the Ritz-variational energy method. In this study, the influences of the volume fraction of CNTs, distribution type of CNTs, boundary restrain parameters, location of the internal line supports, foundation coefficients on the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the FG-CNT reinforced composite rectangular plates are presented.

High-Throughput Thermodynamic Modeling and Uncertainty Quantification for ICME

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Otis, Richard A.; Liu, Zi-Kui

2017-05-01

One foundational component of the integrated computational materials engineering (ICME) and Materials Genome Initiative is the computational thermodynamics based on the calculation of phase diagrams (CALPHAD) method. The CALPHAD method pioneered by Kaufman has enabled the development of thermodynamic, atomic mobility, and molar volume databases of individual phases in the full space of temperature, composition, and sometimes pressure for technologically important multicomponent engineering materials, along with sophisticated computational tools for using the databases. In this article, our recent efforts will be presented in terms of developing new computational tools for high-throughput modeling and uncertainty quantification based on high-throughput, first-principles calculations and the CALPHAD method along with their potential propagations to downstream ICME modeling and simulations.

Water Reuse Highlights: A Summary Volume of Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse Information.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American Water Works Association, Denver, CO. Research Foundation.

This document reports the efforts of the AWWA Research Foundation to gather, prepare, and distribute current technical information in the wastewater reclamation and reuse field. The information reported has been abstracted from other Foundation publications and only attempts here to highlight the field. Categories discussed include research,…

SU-F-J-217: Accurate Dose Volume Parameters Calculation for Revealing Rectum Dose-Toxicity Effect Using Deformable Registration in Cervical Cancer Brachytherapy: A Pilot Study

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zhen, X; Chen, H; Liao, Y

Purpose: To study the feasibility of employing deformable registration methods for accurate rectum dose volume parameters calculation and their potentials in revealing rectum dose-toxicity between complication and non-complication cervical cancer patients with brachytherapy treatment. Method and Materials: Data from 60 patients treated with BT including planning images, treatment plans, and follow-up clinical exam were retrospectively collected. Among them, 12 patients complained about hematochezia were further examined with colonoscopy and scored as Grade 1–3 complication (CP). Meanwhile, another 12 non-complication (NCP) patients were selected as a reference group. To seek for potential gains in rectum toxicity prediction when fractional anatomical deformationsmore » are account for, the rectum dose volume parameters D0.1/1/2cc of the selected patients were retrospectively computed by three different approaches: the simple “worstcase scenario” (WS) addition method, an intensity-based deformable image registration (DIR) algorithm-Demons, and a more accurate, recent developed local topology preserved non-rigid point matching algorithm (TOP). Statistical significance of the differences between rectum doses of the CP group and the NCP group were tested by a two-tailed t-test and results were considered to be statistically significant if p < 0.05. Results: For the D0.1cc, no statistical differences are found between the CP and NCP group in all three methods. For the D1cc, dose difference is not detected by the WS method, however, statistical differences between the two groups are observed by both Demons and TOP, and more evident in TOP. For the D2cc, the CP and NCP cases are statistically significance of the difference for all three methods but more pronounced with TOP. Conclusion: In this study, we calculated the rectum D0.1/1/2cc by simple WS addition and two DIR methods and seek for gains in rectum toxicity prediction. The results favor the claim that accurate dose deformation and summation tend to be more sensitive in unveiling the dose-toxicity relationship. This work is supported in part by grant from VARIAN MEDICAL SYSTEMS INC, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (no 81428019 and no 81301940), the Guangdong Natural Science Foundation (2015A030313302)and the 2015 Pearl River S&T Nova Program of Guangzhou (201506010096).« less

Methods of erection of high-rise buildings

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cherednichenko, Nadezhda; Oleinik, Pavel

2018-03-01

The article contains the factors determining the choice of methods for organizing the construction and production of construction and installation work for the construction of high-rise buildings. There are also indicated specific features of their underground parts, characterized by powerful slab-pile foundations, large volumes of earthworks, reinforced bases and foundations for assembly cranes. The work cycle is considered when using reinforced concrete, steel and combined skeletons of high-rise buildings; the areas of application of flow, separate and complex methods are being disclosed. The main conditions for the erection of high-rise buildings and their components are singled out: the choice of formwork systems, delivery and lifting of concrete mixes, installation of reinforcement, the formation of lifting and transporting and auxiliary equipment. The article prescribes the reserves of reduction in the duration of construction due to the creation of: complex mechanized technologies for the efficient construction of foundations in various soil conditions, including in the heaving, swelling, hindered, subsidence, bulk, water-saturated forms; complex mechanized technologies for the erection of monolithic reinforced concrete structures, taking into account the winter conditions of production and the use of mobile concrete-laying complexes and new generation machines; modular formwork systems, distinguished by their versatility, ease, simplicity in operation suitable for complex high-rise construction; more perfect methodology and the development of a set of progressive organizational and technological solutions that ensure a rational relationship between the processes of production and their maximum overlap in time and space.

Crystallization of sheared hard spheres at 64.5% volume fraction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Swinney, H. L.; Rietz, F.; Schroeter, M.; Radin, C.

2017-11-01

A classic experiment by G.D. Scott Nature 188, 908, 1960) showed that pouring balls into a rigid container filled the volume to an upper limit of 64% of the container volume, which is well below the 74% volume fraction filled by spheres in a hexagonal close packed (HCP) or face center cubic (FCC) lattice. Subsequent experiments have confirmed a ``random closed packed'' (RCP) fraction of about 64%. However, the physics of the RCP limit has remained a mystery. Our experiment on a cubical box filled with 49400 weakly sheared glass spheres reveals a first order phase transition from a disordered to an ordered state at a volume fraction of 64.5%. The ordered state consists of crystallites of mixed FCC and HCP symmetry that coexist with the amorphous bulk. The transition is initiated by homogeneous nucleation: in the shearing process small crystallites with about ten or fewer spheres dissolve, while larger crystallites grow. A movie illustrates the crystallization process. German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD), German Research Foundation (DFG), NSF DMS, and R.A. Welch Foundation.

Current Scientific Approaches to Decision Making in Complex Systems. 3. Volume 2. Conference Position Papers

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-01-01

Search: Traffic on a Multi- dimensional Structure R. i. Atkin, University of Essex, England b. Annex. Volume 3: Decision: Foundation and Practice Brian R...Gaines, University of Essex, England Volume 4: Competing Modes of Cognition and Communication in Simulated and Self-Reflective Systems Stein Braten... University of Oslo, Norway Volume 5: On the Spontaneous Emergence of Decision Making Constraints in Communicating Hierarchical Structure John S

Modern Chemical Technology, Volume 9.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pecsok, Robert L.; Chapman, Kenneth

This volume is one of the series for the Chemical Technician Curriculum Project (ChemTeC) of the American Chemical Society funded by the National Science Foundation. It consists of discussions, exercises, and experiments on the following topics: ion exchange, electrphoresis, dialysis, electrochemistry, corrosion, electrolytic cells, coulometry,…

The Challenge of Governance. Teacher's Guide [and Student Text]. W.M. Keck Foundation Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Croddy, Marshall; Degelman, Charles; Hayes, Bill

This teacher's guide and student text is the fourth volume in the W. M. Keck Foundation Series. The guide, which is designed to provide instructional support for classroom use of "The Challenge of Governance," gives teachers an opportunity to review content from the National Standards for Civics and Government for High School with…

NSF Factbook. Guide to National Science Foundation Programs and Activities.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Renetzky, Alvin, Ed.; Flynn, Barbara J., Ed.

This publication is a thorough guide to National Science Foundation (NSF) programs and activities. Research activities and science education programs supported by NSF during the fiscal year 1970 are reviewed in part one of this volume. Comprehensive listings of NSF grants and awards are presented in the second section which includes a list of…

Evaluation of the National Science Foundation's Partnerships for International Research and Education (PIRE) Program, Volume 2: Supplementary Materials. Final Report

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Martinez, Alina; Epstein, Carter; Parsad, Amanda

2015-01-01

The National Science Foundation contracted with Abt Associates to conduct an evaluation of its Partnerships for International Research and Education (PIRE) program, which supports intellectually substantive collaborations between U.S. and foreign researchers in which the international partnership is essential to the research effort. The evaluation…

Evaluation of the National Science Foundation's Partnerships for International Research and Education (PIRE) Program, Volume 1: Final Report

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Martinez, Alina; Epstein, Carter; Parsad, Amanda

2015-01-01

The National Science Foundation contracted with Abt Associates to conduct an evaluation of its Partnerships for International Research and Education (PIRE) program, which supports intellectually substantive collaborations between U.S. and foreign researchers in which the international partnership is essential to the research effort. The evaluation…

Views from the Field on Needs in Precollege Science, Mathematics, and Social Studies Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Buccino, Alphonse; Evans, Paul L.

1981-01-01

Summarizes the findings reported in the final volume of an eight-volume series sponsored by the National Science Foundation that deal with the key elements responsible for influencing and shaping science, mathematics, and social studies education at the precollege level. (CS)

Modern Chemical Technology, Volume 7.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pecsok, Robert L.; Chapman, Kenneth

This volume is one of the series for the Chemical Technician Curriculum Project (ChemTeC) of the American Chemical Society funded by the National Science Foundation. It consists of discussions, exercises, and experiments on the following topics: the nature of reversible processes, equilibrium constants, variable reaction tendencies, practical…

Modern Chemical Technology, Volume 8.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pecsok, Robert L.; Chapman, Kenneth

This volume is one of a series for the Chemical Technician Curriculum Project (ChemTeC) of the American Chemical Society funded by the National Science Foundation. It consists of discussions, exercises, and experiments on the following topics: amino acids and proteins, carbohydrates, synthetic polymers, other natural products, chemical separations…

Regenerating the Philosophy of Education: What Happened to Soul? Counterpoints: Studies in the Postmodern Theory of Education, Volume 352

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kincheloe, Joe L., Ed.; Hewitt, Randall, Ed.

2011-01-01

In this volume, Joe L. Kincheloe and Randall Hewitt have gathered an impressive and scholarly group of authors who argue for the continuing importance of the philosophy of education. Reviving the notion that philosophy is an essential foundation in the study and research of education, contributors to this volume directly confront the evisceration…

Computational multiobjective topology optimization of silicon anode structures for lithium-ion batteries

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mitchell, Sarah L.; Ortiz, Michael

2016-09-01

This study utilizes computational topology optimization methods for the systematic design of optimal multifunctional silicon anode structures for lithium-ion batteries. In order to develop next generation high performance lithium-ion batteries, key design challenges relating to the silicon anode structure must be addressed, namely the lithiation-induced mechanical degradation and the low intrinsic electrical conductivity of silicon. As such this work considers two design objectives, the first being minimum compliance under design dependent volume expansion, and the second maximum electrical conduction through the structure, both of which are subject to a constraint on material volume. Density-based topology optimization methods are employed in conjunction with regularization techniques, a continuation scheme, and mathematical programming methods. The objectives are first considered individually, during which the influence of the minimum structural feature size and prescribed volume fraction are investigated. The methodology is subsequently extended to a bi-objective formulation to simultaneously address both the structural and conduction design criteria. The weighted sum method is used to derive the Pareto fronts, which demonstrate a clear trade-off between the competing design objectives. A rigid frame structure was found to be an excellent compromise between the structural and conduction design criteria, providing both the required structural rigidity and direct conduction pathways. The developments and results presented in this work provide a foundation for the informed design and development of silicon anode structures for high performance lithium-ion batteries.

Accurate mass replacement method for the sediment concentration measurement with a constant volume container

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ban, Yunyun; Chen, Tianqin; Yan, Jun; Lei, Tingwu

2017-04-01

The measurement of sediment concentration in water is of great importance in soil erosion research and soil and water loss monitoring systems. The traditional weighing method has long been the foundation of all the other measuring methods and instrument calibration. The development of a new method to replace the traditional oven-drying method is of interest in research and practice for the quick and efficient measurement of sediment concentration, especially field measurements. A new method is advanced in this study for accurately measuring the sediment concentration based on the accurate measurement of the mass of the sediment-water mixture in the confined constant volume container (CVC). A sediment-laden water sample is put into the CVC to determine its mass before the CVC is filled with water and weighed again for the total mass of the water and sediments in the container. The known volume of the CVC, the mass of sediment-laden water, and sediment particle density are used to calculate the mass of water, which is replaced by sediments, therefore sediment concentration of the sample is calculated. The influence of water temperature was corrected by measuring water density to determine the temperature of water before measurements were conducted. The CVC was used to eliminate the surface tension effect so as to obtain the accurate volume of water and sediment mixture. Experimental results showed that the method was capable of measuring the sediment concentration from 0.5 up to 1200 kg m-3. A good liner relationship existed between the designed and measured sediment concentrations with all the coefficients of determination greater than 0.999 and the averaged relative error less than 0.2%. All of these seem to indicate that the new method is capable of measuring a full range of sediment concentration above 0.5 kg m-3 to replace the traditional oven-drying method as a standard method for evaluating and calibrating other methods.

U.S., Soviets Face Common Science Problems.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lepkowski, Wil

1981-01-01

Summarizes recent findings reported in a two-volume publication, "Science Policy: USA/USSR," issued by the National Science Foundation. Volumes I and II review U.S. and Soviet science policy in research and development, respectively. Comparisons are made concerning common problems around energy, environment, and the meaning of security.…

Quality of Life. Volume I: Conceptualization and Measurement.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schalock, Robert L., Ed.; Siperstein, Gary N., Ed.

This volume deals with the conceptualization and measurement of quality of life for persons with mental retardation and developmental disabilities. Part 1, "The Conceptualization of Quality of Life," contains: "Self Advocacy: Foundation for Quality of Life" (Nancy A. Ward and Kenneth D. Keith); "Quality of Life and the Individual's Perspective"…

Starting Where the People Are: The African Medical and Research Foundation (AMREF). Carnegie Quarterly, Volume XXXII, Number 2.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Carnegie Quarterly, 1987

1987-01-01

This issue of the "Carnegie Quarterly" describes three projects that are being conducted by the African Medical and Research Foundation (AMREF). The projects are the following: (1) building community participation in health care at Lake Kenyatta; (2) the role of community education in disease control among the Turkana people at…

What Students Need to Know about World War l. Footnotes. Volume 13, Number 19

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Neiberg, Michael

2008-01-01

This essay is based on the author's presentation at the Wachman Center's July 26-27, 2008 history institute, co-sponsored and hosted by the Cantigny First Division Foundation of the McCormick Tribune Foundation. For Europeans, World War I remains the epochal event of the twentieth century. For Americans, the war falls between two much larger and…

Effect of public awareness campaigns on calls to ambulance across Australia.

PubMed

Bray, Janet E; Straney, Lahn; Barger, Bill; Finn, Judith

2015-05-01

The National Stroke Foundation of Australia has run 12 public awareness campaigns since 2004. Campaign exposure and funding has varied annually and regionally during this time. The aim of this study was to measure the effect of campaigns on calls to ambulance for stroke across Australia in exposed regions (paid or pro bono advertising). All ambulance services in Australia provided monthly ambulance dispatch data between January 2003 and June 2014. We performed multivariable regression to measure the effect of campaign exposure on the volume of stroke-related emergency calls, after controlling for confounders. The final model indicated that 11 of the 12 National Stroke Foundation campaigns were associated with increases in the volume of stroke-related calls (varying between 1% and 9.9%) in regions with exposure to advertising. This increase lasted ≈3 months, with an additional 10.2% relative increase in the volume of the calls in regions with paid advertising. We found no significant additional effect of the campaigns on stroke calls where ambulance services are publicly funded. The National Stroke Foundation stroke awareness campaigns are associated with increases to calls to ambulance for stroke in regions receiving advertising and promotion. Research is now required to examine whether this increased use in ambulance is for appropriate emergencies. © 2015 American Heart Association, Inc.

What Students Need to Know about the Frontier Wars. Footnotes. Volume 13, Number 24

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Skarstedt, Vance

2008-01-01

This essay is based on the author's presentation at the Wachman Center's July 26-27, 2008 history institute, co-sponsored and hosted by the Cantigny First Division Foundation of the McCormick Tribune Foundation. For multiple reasons, one can say that the frontier wars are the most complex and difficult of all the nation's wars to teach. The…

Ten Things Every American Student Should Know About Our Army in World War II. Footnotes. Volume 14, Number 15

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Atkinson, Rick

2009-01-01

This essay is based on the author's presentation at the Wachman Center's July 26-27, 2008 History Institute for Teachers, co-sponsored and hosted by the Cantigny First Division Foundation of the McCormick Tribune Foundation. In an effort to better comprehend what he designates "the greatest calamity in human history," the author presents…

New reference charts for testicular volume in Dutch children and adolescents allow the calculation of standard deviation scores.

PubMed

Joustra, Sjoerd D; van der Plas, Evelyn M; Goede, Joery; Oostdijk, Wilma; Delemarre-van de Waal, Henriette A; Hack, Wilfried W M; van Buuren, Stef; Wit, Jan M

2015-06-01

Accurate calculations of testicular volume standard deviation (SD) scores are not currently available. We constructed LMS-smoothed age-reference charts for testicular volume in healthy boys. The LMS method was used to calculate reference data, based on testicular volumes from ultrasonography and Prader orchidometer of 769 healthy Dutch boys aged 6 months to 19 years. We also explored the association between testicular growth and pubic hair development, and data were compared to orchidometric testicular volumes from the 1997 Dutch nationwide growth study. The LMS-smoothed reference charts showed that no revision of the definition of normal onset of male puberty - from nine to 14 years of age - was warranted. In healthy boys, the pubic hair stage SD scores corresponded with testicular volume SD scores (r = 0.394). However, testes were relatively small for pubic hair stage in Klinefelter's syndrome and relatively large in immunoglobulin superfamily member 1 deficiency syndrome. The age-corrected SD scores for testicular volume will aid in the diagnosis and follow-up of abnormalities in the timing and progression of male puberty and in research evaluations. The SD scores can be compared with pubic hair SD scores to identify discrepancies between cell functions that result in relative microorchidism or macroorchidism. ©2015 Foundation Acta Paediatrica. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

The Jossey-Bass Reader on Contemporary Issues in Adult Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Merriam, Sharan B., Ed.; Grace, Andre P., Ed.

2011-01-01

With contributions from leading experts in the field, The Jossey-Bass Reader on Contemporary Issues in Adult Education collects in one volume the best previously published literature on the issues and trends affecting adult education today. The volume includes influential pieces from foundational authors in the profession such as Eduard C.…

Toward a Global Community of Scholars. The Special Partnership between the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching and China's National Center for Education Development Research, 1988-1997.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ch'i, Hsi-sheng

This volume traces the history of a collaboration between the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching and China's National Center for Education Development Research. The collaboration, which began in 1988, was initiated to conduct a comparative study of education in the two countries through information exchanges and seminars.…

Military Handbook. Grounding, Bonding, and Shielding for Electronic Equipments and Facilities. Volume 2. Applications

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-12-29

EMC, San Francisco CA, 16-18 July 1974, 76-84. 1-13. E. R. Uhlig, "Developmnent of Criteria for Protection ef NIKE -X Power Plant and Facilities...Interference Reduction and Electronic Compatibility, Armour Research Foundation of Illinois Institute of Technology (now IITRI), Chicago IL, October...Measuring Systems Susceptibility," Proceedings of the Eighth Tri-Service Conference on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Armour Research Foundation of

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wu, Q

Purpose: According to clinical and research requirement, we develop a function of automatic reading dose of interest from dose volume histogram(DVH), to replace the traditional method with a mouse one by one point, and it's also verified. Methods: The DVH automatic reading function will be developed in an in-house developed radiotherapy information management system(RTIMS), which is based on Apache+PHP+MySQL. A DVH ASCII file is exported from Varian Eclipse V8.6, which includes the following contents: 1. basic information of patient; 2. dose information of plan; 3. dose information of structures, including basic information and dose volume data of target volume andmore » organ at risk. And the default exported dose volume data also includes relative doses by 1% step and corresponding absolute doses and cumulative relative volumes, and the volumes are 4 decimal fraction. Clinically, we often need read the doses of some integer percent volumes, such as D50 and D30. So it couldn't be directly obtained from the above data, but we can use linear interpolation bye the near volumes and doses: Dx=D2−(V2−Vx)*(D2−D1)/(V2−V1), and program a function to search, read and calculate the corresponding data. And the doses of all preseted volume of interest of all structures can be automatically read one by one patient, and saved as a CSV file. To verify it, we select 24 IMRT plans for prostate cancer, and doses of interest are PTV D98/D95/D5/D2, bladder D30/D50, and rectum D25/D50. Two groups of data, using the automatic reading method(ARM) and pointed dose method(PDM), are analyzed with SPSS 16. The absolute difference=D-ARM-D-PDM, relative difference=absolute difference*100%/prescription dose(7600cGy). Results: The differences are as following: PTV D98/D95/D5/D2: −0.04%/− 0.04%/0.13%/0.19%, bladder D30/D50: −0.02%/0.01%, and rectum D25/D50: 0.03%/0.01%. Conclusion: Using this function, the error is very small, and can be neglected. It could greatly improve the efficiency of clinical work. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.81101694)« less

76 FR 20721 - Notice of Permit Applications Received Under the Antarctic Conservation Act

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-13

... Conservation Act AGENCY: National Science Foundation. ACTION: Notice of permit applications received under the... Diego. The volume of the air sacs and lungs are critical to the diving physiology of penguins in at... total body O 2 stores in various species. And second, the ratio of air sac to lung volume is a potential...

A Simple Apparatus for Demonstrating Fluid Forces and Newton's Third Law

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mohazzabi, Pirooz; James, Mark C.

2012-01-01

Over 2200 years ago, in order to determine the purity of a golden crown of the king of Syracuse, Archimedes submerged the crown in water and determined its volume by measuring the volume of the displaced water. This simple experiment became the foundation of what eventually became known as Archimedes' principle: An object fully or partially…

A Trainer's Guide to the Creative Curriculum for Preschool, Volume 1: Getting Started.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jones, Candy; Dodge, Diane Trister

The Creative Curriculum for Preschool is a comprehensive resource for establishing and sustaining a quality preschool program. The first of two volumes of trainer's guides to The Creative Curriculum for Preschool, this book offers detailed workshops and handouts on the foundation of the curriculum, four of the five components of the curriculum…

Places of Inquiry: Research and Advanced Education in Modern Universities.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clark, Burton R.

This volume, the second in a two-volume work, builds on an international study of the research university in Germany, Britain, France, the United States and Japan, to explore the role and function of the research university and the relationship between teaching, research and graduate study. Part 1 lays the foundation for comparative analysis by…

Causes of Early-Age Thermal Cracking of Concrete Foundation Slabs and their Reinforcement to Control the Cracking

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bilčík, Juraj; Sonnenschein, Róbert; Gažovičová, Natália

2017-09-01

This paper focuses on the causes and consequences of early-age cracking of mass concrete foundation slabs due to restrained volume changes. Considering the importance of water leaking through cracks in terms of the serviceability, durability and environmental impact of watertight concrete structures, emphasis is placed on the effect of temperature loads on foundation slabs. Foundation slabs are usually restrained to some degree externally or internally. To evaluate the effect of external restraints on foundation slabs, friction and interaction models are introduced. The reinforcement of concrete cannot prevent the initiation of cracking, but when cracking has occurred, it may act to reduce the spacing and width of cracks. According to EN 1992-1-1, results of calculating crack widths with local variations included in National Annexes (NAs) vary considerably. A comparison of the required reinforcement areas according to different NAs is presented.

Discussion of the Method to Determine the Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Soil Foundation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Du, Peng; Liu, Xiaoling; Zhang, Yangfu

2017-12-01

Combining literature examples, this paper has carried out Contrastive analysis of the theoretical formula method and finite element method about the ultimate bearing capacity of foundation, To verify rationality and superiority of the incremental load method in finite element ABAQUS in solving the bearing capacity of foundation soil. The study can provide certain reference for practical engineering calculation and analysis of foundation bearing capacity.

Main issues of pile foundation at waterfront development and its prevention method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Manap, N.; Tan, K. Y.; Syahrom, N.

2017-12-01

Pile foundation is widely used in construction and building marine structures. This is because pile foundation is an important structure and should have long-term durability. However, in waterfront development, a lot of issues from the seawater should be considered distinctively because it consists of many problems that can affect the building structure especially the foundation of the building. Thus, a research should be conducted to identify issues of pile foundation at waterfront development and determine its prevention methods. The research was carried out through interviews with the developers and contractors from the projects of Lexis Hibiscus at Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan and Redevelopment for Deep-Water Facilities at Quay 6 in Pasir Gudang, Johor, Malaysia. The objectives of this research are to identify issues of pile foundation and to determine the prevention methods of pile foundation issues at waterfront development. All respondents agreed that the main issues of pile foundations at waterfront development are the wave and tide condition. The prevention methods of the issue faced at waterfront development that are most frequently used for the pile foundation are coating system and concrete cover. This research is beneficial to all developers and contractors to ensure pile foundations at waterfront development can be protected by using the prevention methods.

CTC Sentinel. Volume 2, Issue 8, August 2009

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-08-01

Ul-Islami As-Sahih Tutorial Protocol for Prisoners,” NEFA Foundation, December 14, 2007. 9 Shaykh Jamaal al-Din Zarabozo’s “He Came to Teach You...Prison,” U.S. Department of Justice, Central District of California, March 6, 2009. 17 See Kevin James, “Blue Print 2005,” available at nefa ...International Airport, the Israeli 22 Kevin James, “Notoriety Moves,” available at nefa - foundation.org/miscellaneous/FeaturedDocs/U.S._v_

Hadron electric polarizability from lattice QCD

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alexandru, Andrei

2017-09-01

Electromagnetic polarizabilities are important parameters for hadron structure, describing the response of the charge and current distributions inside the hadron to an external electromagnetic field. For most hadrons these quantities are poorly constrained experimentally since they can only be measured indirectly. Lattice QCD can be used to compute these quantities directly in terms of quark and gluons degrees of freedom, using the background field method. We present results for the neutron electric polarizability for two different quark masses, light enough to connect to chiral perturbation theory. These are currently the lightest quark masses used in polarizability studies. For each pion mass we compute the polarizability at four different volumes and perform an infinite volume extrapolation. We also discuss the effect of turning on the coupling between the background field and the sea quarks. A.A. is supported in part by the National Science Foundation CAREER Grant PHY-1151648 and by U.S. DOE Grant No. DE-FG02-95ER40907.

Mod-5A wind turbine generator program design report. Volume 3: Final design and system description, book 1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1984-01-01

The design, development and analysis of the 7.3 MW MOD-5A wind turbine generator is documented. Volume 3, book 1 describes the performance and characteristics of the MOD-5A wind turbine generator in its final configuration. Each subsystem - the rotor, drivetrain, nacelle, tower and foundation is described in detail.

Classic Writings on Instructional Technology. Volume 2. Instructional Technology Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ely, Donald P.; Plomp, Tjeerd

Selected for their influence on the field, their continued reference over the years, and the reputation of the authors, these 15 seminal papers are considered to be foundations in the field of instructional technology. Extending the purpose of the first volume to primary writings of the 70s, 80s, and early 90s, this work continues to document the…

Foundations of Education, Volume I: History and Theory of Teaching Children and Youths with Visual Impairments. Second Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Holbrook, M. Cay, Ed.; Koenig, Alan J., Ed.

This text, one of two volumes on the instruction of students with visual impairments, focuses on the history and theory of teaching such students. The following chapters are included: (1) "Historical Perspectives" (Phil Hatlen) with emphasis on the last 50 years; (2) "Visual Impairment" (Kathleen M. Huebner) which provides general information…

Writing as a Learning Tool: Integrating Theory and Practice. Studies in Writing, Volume 7.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tynjala, Paivi, Ed.; Mason, Lucia, Ed.; Lonka, Kirsti, Ed.

This book, the seventh volume in the Studies in Writing International Series on the Research of Learning and Instruction of Writing, is an account of the current state of using writing as a tool for learning. The book presents psychological and educational foundations of the writing across the curriculum movement and describes writing-to-learn…

Modeling Complex Biological Flows in Multi-Scale Systems using the APDEC Framework

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Trebotich, D

We have developed advanced numerical algorithms to model biological fluids in multiscale flow environments using the software framework developed under the SciDAC APDEC ISIC. The foundation of our computational effort is an approach for modeling DNA-laden fluids as ''bead-rod'' polymers whose dynamics are fully coupled to an incompressible viscous solvent. The method is capable of modeling short range forces and interactions between particles using soft potentials and rigid constraints. Our methods are based on higher-order finite difference methods in complex geometry with adaptivity, leveraging algorithms and solvers in the APDEC Framework. Our Cartesian grid embedded boundary approach to incompressible viscousmore » flow in irregular geometries has also been interfaced to a fast and accurate level-sets method within the APDEC Framework for extracting surfaces from volume renderings of medical image data and used to simulate cardio-vascular and pulmonary flows in critical anatomies.« less

Modeling complex biological flows in multi-scale systems using the APDEC framework

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Trebotich, David

2006-09-01

We have developed advanced numerical algorithms to model biological fluids in multiscale flow environments using the software framework developed under the SciDAC APDEC ISIC. The foundation of our computational effort is an approach for modeling DNA laden fluids as ''bead-rod'' polymers whose dynamics are fully coupled to an incompressible viscous solvent. The method is capable of modeling short range forces and interactions between particles using soft potentials and rigid constraints. Our methods are based on higher-order finite difference methods in complex geometry with adaptivity, leveraging algorithms and solvers in the APDEC Framework. Our Cartesian grid embedded boundary approach to incompressible viscous flow in irregular geometries has also been interfaced to a fast and accurate level-sets method within the APDEC Framework for extracting surfaces from volume renderings of medical image data and used to simulate cardio-vascular and pulmonary flows in critical anatomies.

Multidisciplinary accident investigation : volume 1

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1976-09-01

The final report of the Multidisciplinary Accident Investigation Team of the Maryland Medical-Legal Foundation, Inc. is presented. The report describes the methodology, results, discussions, conclusions and recommendations pertaining to the investiga...

Multiple-Purpose Project, Osage River Basin, Osage River, Missouri. Harry S. Truman Dam & Reservoir Operation and Maintenance Manual. Appendix VII. Volume 1. Construction Foundation Report.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-01-01

RIVER MISSOURI Report from September 1966 HARRY S. TROMAN DAM & RESERVOIR November 1979 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL 6 PERFORMING DRG. REPORT N4040E...Two of this report ) VII- I- xxiv ............................. .... ... .... ... . .2. . . OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL HARRY S. TRUMAN DAM AND...RESERVOIR OSAGE RIVER, MISSOURI APPENDIX VII CONSTRUCTION FOUNDATION REPORT CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1-01. Location and Description of Project: Harry S

Critical-Service Learning as a Revolutionary Pedagogy: An International Project of Student Agency in Action. Critical Constructions: Studies on Education and Society

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Porfilio, Bradley, Ed.; Hickman, Heather, Ed.

2011-01-01

This volume will be a valuable resource to instructors who teach in the fields of teacher education, social studies, educational leadership, social work, social, cultural and philosophical foundations of education, sociology, political science, and global studies as well as their students. Due to the volume's international focus, the authors also…

Federal Funds for Research and Development: Fiscal Years 1980, 1981, and 1982. Volume XXX. Detailed Statistical Tables. Surveys of Science Resources Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Science Foundation, Washington, DC.

During the March through July 1981 period a total of 36 Federal agencies and their subdivisions (95 individual respondents) submitted data in response to the Annual Survey of Federal Funds for Research and Development, Volume XXX, conducted by the National Science Foundation. The detailed statistical tables presented in this report were derived…

Research on horizontal displacement monitoring method of deep foundation pit based on laser projecting sensing technology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Peng; Xie, Shulin; Zhang, Lixiao; Zhou, Guangyi; Zhao, Xuefeng

2018-03-01

A certain level of horizontal displacement will occur during excavation or subsequent construction of deep foundation pit. If the support is improper and the horizontal displacement of the foundation pit is too large, it will cause collapse and even affect the buildings around the foundation pit, which will endanger people's life and property. Therefore, the horizontal displacement monitoring of deep foundation pit becomes more and more important. At present, the electronic total station is often used to monitor the horizontal displacement of the foundation pit, but this monitoring method is expensive, prone to accidental errors, and can not be used for real-time monitoring. Therefore, a method of monitoring the horizontal displacement of deep foundation pit by using laser projection sensing technique is proposed in this paper. The horizontal displacement of the foundation pit is replaced by the displacement of the laser spot emitted by the laser, and the horizontal displacement of the foundation pit can be obtained by identifying the displacement of the laser spot projected on the screen. A series of experiments show that the accuracy of this monitoring method meets the engineering requirements and greatly reduces the cost, which provides a new technology for the displacement monitoring of deep foundation pit.

Left atrial size and function: role in prognosis.

PubMed

Hoit, Brian D

2014-02-18

The author examines the ability of left atrial size and function to predict cardiovascular outcomes. Data are sufficient to recommend evaluation of left atrial volume in certain populations, and although analysis of atrial reservoir, conduit, and booster pump function trails in that regard, the gap is rapidly closing. In this state-of-the-art paper, the author reviews the methods used to assess left atrial size and function and discusses their role in predicting cardiovascular events in general and referral populations and in patients with atrial fibrillation, cardiomyopathy, ischemic heart disease, and valvular heart disease. Copyright © 2014 American College of Cardiology Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Multidisciplinary accident investigation : volume 2

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1976-05-01

The Task II final report for 1974 of the Multidisciplinary Accident Investigation : Team of the Maryland Medical-Legal Foundation, Inc. is presented. This report describes some preliminary findings emanating from a series of comprehensive, multivaria...

The Philosophical Foundation of the Lecture Method of Instruction and the Case Method of Instruction: Implications for Examinations

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ardalan, Kavous

2013-01-01

Any adequate comparison between the lecture method of instruction and the case method of instruction necessarily requires a comparison of their underlying philosophical foundation and methodology. This is based on the premise that foundational philosophies or world views underlie educational philosophies, and each educational philosophy favors a…

The complex variable reproducing kernel particle method for bending problems of thin plates on elastic foundations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, L.; Cheng, Y. M.

2018-07-01

In this paper, the complex variable reproducing kernel particle method (CVRKPM) for solving the bending problems of isotropic thin plates on elastic foundations is presented. In CVRKPM, one-dimensional basis function is used to obtain the shape function of a two-dimensional problem. CVRKPM is used to form the approximation function of the deflection of the thin plates resting on elastic foundation, the Galerkin weak form of thin plates on elastic foundation is employed to obtain the discretized system equations, the penalty method is used to apply the essential boundary conditions, and Winkler and Pasternak foundation models are used to consider the interface pressure between the plate and the foundation. Then the corresponding formulae of CVRKPM for thin plates on elastic foundations are presented in detail. Several numerical examples are given to discuss the efficiency and accuracy of CVRKPM in this paper, and the corresponding advantages of the present method are shown.

Park River, Local Protection Auxiliary Conduit Tunnel As-Built Foundation Report, Hartford, Connecticut. Volume II. Appendices.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-12-01

AUXILIARY TUNNEL AS-BUILT FOUNDATION REPORT It. KEY WORDS (Cenlasa on icteic. &#it* it necessary ad Identifpy block o"Whow) Strain Gages Settlement PeB...anomalously high bedding angles, severe brecciation and fracturing and an approximately 65-ft- wide zone of a plastic mixture of sand, silt and clay with some...wetted and partially filled with a mortar cement mix with Sika #2 added as a hardening agent. The mount assembly was then inserted into the holes so

SU-F-T-335: Piecewise Uniform Dose Prescription and Optimization Based On PET/CT Images

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Liu, G; Liu, J

Purpose: In intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), the tumor target volume is given a uniform dose prescription, which does not consider the heterogeneous characteristics of tumor such as hypoxia, clonogen density, radiosensitivity, tumor proliferation rate and so on. Our goal is to develop a nonuniform target dose prescription method which can spare organs at risk (OARs) better and does not decrease the tumor control probability (TCP). Methods: We propose a piecewise uniform dose prescription (PUDP) based on PET/CT images of tumor. First, we propose to delineate biological target volumes (BTV) and sub-biological target volumes (sub-BTVs) by our Hierarchical Mumford-Shah Vectormore » Model based on PET/CT images of tumor. Then, in order to spare OARs better, we make the BTV mean dose minimized while restrict the TCP to a constant. So, we can get a general formula for determining an optimal dose prescription based on a linearquadratic model (LQ). However, this dose prescription is high heterogeneous, it is very difficult to deliver by IMRT. Therefore we propose to use the equivalent uniform dose (EUD) in each sub-BTV as its final dose prescription, which makes a PUDP for the BTV. Results: We have evaluated the IMRT planning of a patient with nasopharyngeal carcinoma respectively using PUDP and UDP. The results show that the highest and mean doses inside brain stem are 48.425Gy and 19.151Gy respectively when the PUDP is used for IMRT planning, while they are 52.975Gy and 20.0776Gy respectively when the UDP is used. Both of the resulting TCPs(0.9245, 0.9674) are higher than the theoretical TCP(0.8739), when 70Gy is delivered to the BTV. Conclusion: Comparing with the UDP, the PUDP can spare the OARs better while the resulting TCP by PUDP is not significantly lower than by UDP. This work was supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China undergrant no.61271382 and by the foundation for construction of scientific project platform forthe cancer hospital of Hunan province.« less

Bibliography. Cases and Other Materials for the Teaching of Business Administration in Developing Countries. South and Southeast Asia.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Towl, Andrew R.; Lindfors, Grace V., Ed.

This is the second in a series of bibliographies made possible by a grant from the Ford Foundation to the Harvard Business School for the listing of cases and other materials to aid prospective teachers and researchers in developing countries. The first volume focused on Latin America, and the third volume will deal primarily with the Middle East…

Teacher Leadership: The "New" Foundations of Teacher Education--A Reader. Counterpoints: Studies in the Postmodern Theory of Education, Volume 408

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hilty, Eleanor Blair, Ed.

2011-01-01

Over the past two decades, numerous textbooks have been published on teacher leadership; however, this is the only volume that provides a definitive overview of the scholarship and writing being done in the field of teacher leadership. This book introduces the reader to the scholarship of over 35 authors, and thus, becomes an essential tool needed…

The Relation between 1st Grade Grey Matter Volume and 2nd Grade Math Competence

PubMed Central

Price, Gavin R.; Wilkey, Eric D.; Yeo, Darren J.; Cutting, Laurie E.

2015-01-01

Mathematical and numerical competence is a critical foundation for individual success in modern society yet the neurobiological sources of individual differences in math competence are poorly understood. Neuroimaging research over the last decade suggests that neural mechanisms in the parietal lobe, particularly the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) are structurally aberrant in individuals with mathematical learning disabilities. However, whether those same brain regions underlie individual differences in math performance across the full range of math abilities is unknown. Furthermore, previous studies have been exclusively cross-sectional, making it unclear whether variations in the structure of the IPS are caused by or consequences of the development of math skills. The present study investigates the relation between grey matter volume across the whole brain and math competence longitudinally in a representative sample of 50 elementary school children. Results show that grey matter volume in the left IPS at the end of 1st grade relates to math competence a year later at the end of 2nd grade. Grey matter volume in this region did not change over that year, and was still correlated with math competence at the end of 2nd grade. These findings support the hypothesis that the IPS and its associated functions represent a critical foundation for the acquisition of mathematical competence. PMID:26334946

Verification of Eulerian-Eulerian and Eulerian-Lagrangian simulations for fluid-particle flows

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kong, Bo; Patel, Ravi G.; Capecelatro, Jesse; Desjardins, Olivier; Fox, Rodney O.

2017-11-01

In this work, we study the performance of three simulation techniques for fluid-particle flows: (1) a volume-filtered Euler-Lagrange approach (EL), (2) a quadrature-based moment method using the anisotropic Gaussian closure (AG), and (3) a traditional two-fluid model. By simulating two problems: particles in frozen homogeneous isotropic turbulence (HIT), and cluster-induced turbulence (CIT), the convergence of the methods under grid refinement is found to depend on the simulation method and the specific problem, with CIT simulations facing fewer difficulties than HIT. Although EL converges under refinement for both HIT and CIT, its statistical results exhibit dependence on the techniques used to extract statistics for the particle phase. For HIT, converging both EE methods (TFM and AG) poses challenges, while for CIT, AG and EL produce similar results. Overall, all three methods face challenges when trying to extract converged, parameter-independent statistics due to the presence of shocks in the particle phase. National Science Foundation and National Energy Technology Laboratory.

Thermodynamic properties by equation of state and from Ab initio molecular dynamics of liquid potassium under pressure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Huaming; Tian, Yanting; Sun, Yongli; Li, Mo; Nonequilibrium materials; physics Team; Computational materials science Team

In this work, we apply a general equation of state of liquid and Ab initio molecular-dynamics method to study thermodynamic properties in liquid potassium under high pressure. Isothermal bulk modulus and molar volume of molten sodium are calculated within good precision as compared with the experimental data. The calculated internal energy data and the calculated values of isobaric heat capacity of molten potassium show the minimum along the isothermal lines as the previous result obtained in liquid sodium. The expressions for acoustical parameter and nonlinearity parameter are obtained based on thermodynamic relations from the equation of state. Both parameters for liquid potassium are calculated under high pressure along the isothermal lines by using the available thermodynamic data and numeric derivations. Furthermore, Ab initio molecular-dynamics simulations are used to calculate some thermodynamic properties of liquid potassium along the isothermal lines. Scientific Research Starting Foundation from Taiyuan university of Technology, Shanxi Provincial government (``100-talents program''), China Scholarship Council and National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) under Grant No. 51602213.

A Field Experimental Approach to the Study of Relevance Assessments in Relation to Document Searching. Final Report to the National Science Foundation. Volume I.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rees, Alan M; Schultz, Douglas G.

An empirical study of the nature and variability of the relevance judgment process was conducted from July 1, 1965 to September 30, 1967. Volume I of the final report presents a literature review and statement of the theoretical framework of the study, a discussion of the experimental design and a summary of data analyses. The study had two…

Towards and FVE-FAC Method for Determining Thermocapillary Effects on Weld Pool Shape

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Canright, David; Henson, Van Emden

1996-01-01

Several practical materials processes, e.g., welding, float-zone purification, and Czochralski crystal growth, involve a pool of molten metal with a free surface, with strong temperature gradients along the surface. In some cases, the resulting thermocapillary flow is vigorous enough to convect heat toward the edges of the pool, increasing the driving force in a sort of positive feedback. In this work we examine this mechanism and its effect on the solid-liquid interface through a model problem: a half space of pure substance with concentrated axisymmetric surface heating, where surface tension is strong enough to keep the liquid free surface flat. The numerical method proposed for this problem utilizes a finite volume element (FVE) discretization in cylindrical coordinates. Because of the axisymmetric nature of the model problem, the control volumes used are torroidal prisms, formed by taking a polygonal cross-section in the (r, z) plane and sweeping it completely around the z-axis. Conservation of energy (in the solid), and conservation of energy, momentum, and mass (in the liquid) are enforced globally by integrating these quantities and enforcing conservation over each control volume. Judicious application of the Divergence Theorem and Stokes' Theorem, combined with a Crank-Nicolson time-stepping scheme leads to an implicit algebraic system to be solved at each time step. It is known that near the boundary of the pool, that is, near the solid-liquid interface, the full conduction-convection solution will require extremely fine length scales to resolve the physical behavior of the system. Furthermore, this boundary moves as a function of time. Accordingly, we develop the foundation of an adaptive refinement scheme based on the principles of Fast Adaptive Composite Grid methods (FAC). Implementation of the method and numerical results will appear in a later report.

An operator calculus for surface and volume modeling

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gordon, W. J.

1984-01-01

The mathematical techniques which form the foundation for most of the surface and volume modeling techniques used in practice are briefly described. An outline of what may be termed an operator calculus for the approximation and interpolation of functions of more than one independent variable is presented. By considering the linear operators associated with bivariate and multivariate interpolation/approximation schemes, it is shown how they can be compounded by operator multiplication and Boolean addition to obtain a distributive lattice of approximation operators. It is then demonstrated via specific examples how this operator calculus leads to practical techniques for sculptured surface and volume modeling.

Structure of gels layers with cells

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pokusaev, B. G.; Karlov, S. P.; Vyazmin, A. V.; Nekrasov, D. A.; Zakharov, N. S.; Khramtsov, D. P.; Skladnev, D. A.; Tyupa, D. V.

2017-11-01

The structure of two-layer agarose gels containing yeast cells is investigated experimentally by spectrometry, to shed a light on the theoretical foundations for the development of bioreactors by the method of 3D bioprinting. Due to division, cells overcome the layer of the dispersion phase separating successively applied layers of the agarose gel. However a gel layer of 100 μm thick with a high concentration of silver nanoparticles completely excludes the infiltration of yeast cells through it. A special sort of agarose is suggested where the concentration of silver nanoparticles formed by cells from salt of silver can serve as an indicator of the state of the yeast cells in the volume of the gel.

Studies on vibration characteristics of a pear using finite element method*

PubMed Central

Song, Hui-zhi; Wang, Jun; Li, Yong-hui

2006-01-01

The variation of the vibration characteristics of a Huanghua pear was investigated using finite element simulations. A new image processing technique was used to obtain the unsymmetrical and un-spherical geometrical model of a pear. The vibration characteristics of this type of pear with the correlation of its behavior with geometrical configurations and material characteristics were investigated using numerical modal analysis. The results showed that the eigenfrequency increased with the increasing pear Young’s modulus, while decreased with increasing pear density, and decreased with increasing pear volume. The results of this study provided foundation for further investigations of the physical characteristics of fruits and vegetables by using finite element simulations. PMID:16691644

Profiles of Nine Community Colleges with Successful Foundations.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Angel, Dan; Gares, Dale

1981-01-01

College profiles include the following information: type of college, location, enrollment, age of college, total budget, foundation's years of experience, non-profit status, total foundation assets, dollar support for 1979-80, responsibility for foundation, number of foundation board members, most successful fund-raising methods, and restrictions…

Ultrasound is an effective and noninvasive method of evaluating renal swelling in infants with their first urinary tract infection.

PubMed

Simrén, Y; Stokland, E; Lagerstrand, K M; Valdimarsson, S; Hansson, S

2017-11-01

This study evaluated renal swelling in infants with a first urinary tract infection (UTI) by correlating renal length and volume with C-reactive protein (CRP) and body temperature. Ultrasounds were carried out on 104 infants at The Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden - 58 boys (mean age 3.3 months) and 46 girls (mean age 4.8 months) - during the acute phase of their UTI. A second scan was performed on 94 of them 4 weeks later. Renal length and volume were computed to standard deviation scores (SDS). The mean renal length and volume at the first ultrasound were 1.90 SDS (±1.54) and 1.67 SDS (±1.13) for the larger kidney and 0.86 SDS (±1.01) and 0.84 SDS (±0.90) for the smaller kidney. There was a significant decrease in renal length and volume between the two ultrasounds, with a mean difference of 0.96 SDS (±1.24) and 1.07 SDS (±1.10) for the larger kidney (p < 0.0001). The length and volume of the larger kidney correlated with CRP (p < 0.001), but only the renal length correlated with fever (p < 0.001). Early ultrasound determined renal swelling in infants with a UTI and may be a valuable noninvasive way of identifying infants with renal parenchymal involvement. ©2017 Foundation Acta Paediatrica. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

MOD-5A wind turbine generator program design report: Volume 1: Executive Summary

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1984-01-01

The design, development and analysis of the 7.3 MW MOD-5A wind turbine generator covering work performed between July 1980 and June 1984 is discussed. The report is divided into four volumes: Volume 1 summarizes the entire MOD-5A program, Volume 2 discusses the conceptual and preliminary design phases, Volume 3 describes the final design of the MOD-5A, and Volume 4 contains the drawings and specifications developed for the final design. Volume 1, the Executive Summary, summarizes all phases of the MOD-5A program. The performance and cost of energy generated by the MOD-5A are presented. Each subsystem - the rotor, drivetrain, nacelle, tower and foundation, power generation, and control and instrumentation subsystems - is described briefly. The early phases of the MOD-5A program, during which the design was analyzed and optimized, and new technologies and materials were developed, are discussed. Manufacturing, quality assurance, and safety plans are presented. The volume concludes with an index of volumes 2 and 3.

Experimental Study on Vacuum Dynamic Consolidation Treatment of Soft Soil Foundation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fu-lai, Ni; Xin, Wen; Xiao-bin, Zhang; Wei, Li

2017-11-01

In view of the deficiency of the saturated silt clay foundation reinforced by the dynamic consolidation method, combination the project of soft foundation treatment test area in Tangshan, the reaserch analysed indexes, included groundwater level, pore water pressure, settlement about soil layer and so on, by use of field tests and indoor geotechnical tests, The results showed that the whole reinforcement effect with vacuum dynamic compaction method to blow fill foundation is obvious, due to the result of vacuum precipitation, generally, the excess pore water pressure can be dissipated by 90% above in 2 days around and the effective compaction coefficient can reached more than 0.9,the research work in soft foundation treatment engineering provide a new method and thought to similar engineering.

Shifting Sands, Firm Foundations: Proceedings of the 2009 Annual International Conference of the Association of Tertiary Learning Advisors of Aotearoa/New Zealand (ATLAANZ) (Auckland, New Zealand, November 18-20, 2009). Volume 5

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

van der Ham, Vanessa, Ed.; Sevillano, Lilia, Ed.; George, Lily, Ed.

2010-01-01

The 15 articles in this volume comprise the refereed proceedings of the 2009 ATLAANZ (Association of Tertiary Learning Advisors Aotearoa/New Zealand) conference. The first three chapters focus on collaborative work. In Chapter 1, Ann Pocock shares her experiences of working with other university support services. In Chapter 2, Berni Cooper and…

Systems Models for Transportation Problems : Volume 1. Introducing a Systems Science for Transportation Planning.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1976-03-01

This introductory portion of a system science for tranportation planning, which is based on the statistical physics of ensembles, a foundations laid on how statistical mechanics, equilibrium thermodynamics, and near equilbrium thermodynamics can be u...

Outrunning Asthma - Rashad Jennings | NIH MedlinePlus the Magazine

MedlinePlus

... More MedlinePlus: Asthma National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIBIB-Supported Study NHALES Study Allergy and Asthma Foundation of America Fall 2017 Issue: Volume 12 Number ...

Indigenous Education and Empowerment: International Perspectives

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Abu-Saad, Ismael, Ed.; Champagne, Duane, Ed.

2005-01-01

Indigenous people have often been confronted with education systems that ignore their cultural and historical perspectives. This insightful volume contributes to the understanding of indigenous empowerment through education, and creates a new foundation for implementing specialized indigenous/minority education worldwide, engaging the simultaneous…

Leadership Magazine. Volume 33, Number 5

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Leadership, 2004

2004-01-01

Every month, "Leadership" features articles written in an informal, conversational style that provide practical information for school administrators. This issue of "Leadership" contains the following articles: (1) "'Sorta Dumb' Beliefs Fail 65% of Students" (George Manthey); (2) "A Solid Foundation in School…

Book Review: John von Neumann and the foundations of quantum physics. (Vienna Circle Institute yearbook (2000), 8) Miklos Redei and Michael Stoltzner (Eds.); Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 2001, pp., US 125, ISBN 0792368126

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lupher, Tracy

2003-12-01

Some people may be surprised to learn that John von Neumann's work on the foundations of quantum physics went far beyond what is contained within the pages of his Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics (MFQM) (von Neumann, 1955). However, this narrow focus often ignores von Neumann's later work on quantum logic and what are now called in his honor, von Neumann algebras. This volume honoring von Neumann's contributions to physics is unique in that, while it contains 12 papers that examine various aspects of von Neumann's work, it also contains two of his previously unpublished papers and some of his previously unpublished correspondence.

Towards sound epistemological foundations of statistical methods for high-dimensional biology.

PubMed

Mehta, Tapan; Tanik, Murat; Allison, David B

2004-09-01

A sound epistemological foundation for biological inquiry comes, in part, from application of valid statistical procedures. This tenet is widely appreciated by scientists studying the new realm of high-dimensional biology, or 'omic' research, which involves multiplicity at unprecedented scales. Many papers aimed at the high-dimensional biology community describe the development or application of statistical techniques. The validity of many of these is questionable, and a shared understanding about the epistemological foundations of the statistical methods themselves seems to be lacking. Here we offer a framework in which the epistemological foundation of proposed statistical methods can be evaluated.

Using global unique identifiers to link autism collections.

PubMed

Johnson, Stephen B; Whitney, Glen; McAuliffe, Matthew; Wang, Hailong; McCreedy, Evan; Rozenblit, Leon; Evans, Clark C

2010-01-01

To propose a centralized method for generating global unique identifiers to link collections of research data and specimens. The work is a collaboration between the Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative and the National Database for Autism Research. The system is implemented as a web service: an investigator inputs identifying information about a participant into a client application and sends encrypted information to a server application, which returns a generated global unique identifier. The authors evaluated the system using a volume test of one million simulated individuals and a field test on 2000 families (over 8000 individual participants) in an autism study. Inverse probability of hash codes; rate of false identity of two individuals; rate of false split of single individual; percentage of subjects for which identifying information could be collected; percentage of hash codes generated successfully. Large-volume simulation generated no false splits or false identity. Field testing in the Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative Simplex Collection produced identifiers for 96% of children in the study and 77% of parents. On average, four out of five hash codes per subject were generated perfectly (only one perfect hash is required for subsequent matching). The system must achieve balance among the competing goals of distinguishing individuals, collecting accurate information for matching, and protecting confidentiality. Considerable effort is required to obtain approval from institutional review boards, obtain consent from participants, and to achieve compliance from sites during a multicenter study. Generic unique identifiers have the potential to link collections of research data, augment the amount and types of data available for individuals, support detection of overlap between collections, and facilitate replication of research findings.

Intersections: Feminisms/Early Childhoods. Rethinking Childhood, Volume 3.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hauser, Mary E., Ed.; Jipson, Janice A., Ed.

Through personal narrative and scholarly reflection, this book examines the foundations of early childhood education, contemporary curricular and pedagogical practice in early childhood education, and critical issues affecting the multiple worlds of childhood. Essays by individual contributors are linked by contributors' conversations. An…

Don’t Let Asthma Define You | NIH MedlinePlus the Magazine

MedlinePlus

... More MedlinePlus: Asthma National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIBIB-Supported Study NHALES Study Allergy and Asthma Foundation of America Fall 2017 Issue: Volume 12 Number ...

Understanding Asthma from the Inside Out | NIH MedlinePlus the Magazine

MedlinePlus

... More MedlinePlus: Asthma National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIBIB-Supported Study NHALES Study Allergy and Asthma Foundation of America Fall 2017 Issue: Volume 12 Number ...

Transportation-markings foundations. Part A, volume I, first studies

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2008-01-01

This book is about "Transportation-Markings" (hereafter T-M). A T-M can be defined as "any device which aids a mode of transportation (ship, plane, auto, train) by giving guidance, by expressing regulations, or by giving warnings." That includes the ...

Deliverology

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nordstrum, Lee E.; LeMahieu, Paul G.; Dodd, Karen

2017-01-01

Purpose: This paper is one of seven in this volume elaborating different approaches to quality improvement in education. This paper aims to delineate a methodology called Deliverology. Design/methodology/approach: The paper presents the origins, theoretical foundations, core principles and a case study showing an application of Deliverology in the…

The Multicultural Challenge in Health Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Matiella, Ana Consuelo, Ed.

This collection offers strategies for making health education culturally relevant. The volume is organized into five sections. The first section, "Foundations for Multicultural Health Education," includes chapters: (1) "Who Are the Children and How Is Their Health?" (Iris M. Tropp, Marie J. Montrose); (2) "The…

Play, Policy & Practice.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Klugman, Edgar, Ed.

In 1992, the U.S.-Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF), in conjunction with Wheelock College (Boston), sponsored its second workshop on children's play, entitled "Play and Cognitive Ability: The Cultural Context." This volume reflects the presentations and discussions held at the workshop, offering perspectives on children's play…

SU-E-J-08: A Hybrid Three Dimensional Registration Framework for Image-Guided Accurate Radiotherapy System ARTS-IGRT

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wu, Q; School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Hefei, Anhui; Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui

Purpose: The purpose of this work was to develop a registration framework and method based on the software platform of ARTS-IGRT and implement in C++ based on ITK libraries to register CT images and CBCT images. ARTS-IGRT was a part of our self-developed accurate radiation planning system ARTS. Methods: Mutual information (MI) registration treated each voxel equally. Actually, different voxels even having same intensity should be treated differently in the registration procedure. According to their importance values calculated from self-information, a similarity measure was proposed which combined the spatial importance of a voxel with MI (S-MI). For lung registration, Firstly,more » a global alignment method was adopted to minimize the margin error and achieve the alignment of these two images on the whole. The result obtained at the low resolution level was then interpolated to become the initial conditions for the higher resolution computation. Secondly, a new similarity measurement S-MI was established to quantify how close the two input image volumes were to each other. Finally, Demons model was applied to compute the deformable map. Results: Registration tools were tested for head-neck and lung images and the average region was 128*128*49. The rigid registration took approximately 2 min and converged 10% faster than traditional MI algorithm, the accuracy reached 1mm for head-neck images. For lung images, the improved symmetric Demons registration process was completed in an average of 5 min using a 2.4GHz dual core CPU. Conclusion: A registration framework was developed to correct patient's setup according to register the planning CT volume data and the daily reconstructed 3D CBCT data. The experiments showed that the spatial MI algorithm can be adopted for head-neck images. The improved Demons deformable registration was more suitable to lung images, and rigid alignment should be applied before deformable registration to get more accurate result. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NO.81101132) and Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province (NO.11040606Q55)« less

Adapting an Agent-Based Model of Socio-Technical Systems to Analyze System and Security Failures

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-05-09

statistically significant amount, which it did with a p-valueɘ.0003 on a simulation of 3125 iterations; the data is shown in the Delegation 1 column of...Blackout metric to a statistically significant amount, with a p-valueɘ.0003 on a simulation of 3125 iterations; the data is shown in the Delegation 2...Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems: volume 1-Volume 1, pp. 1007- 1014 . International Foundation

Ada (Trade Name) Foundation Technology. Volume 4. Software Requirements for WIS (WWMCCS (World Wide Military Command and Control System) Information System) Text Processing Prototypes

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-12-01

graphics : The package allows a character set which can be defined by users giving the picture for a character by designating its pixels. Such characters...type lonts and gsei-oriented "help" messages tailored to the operations being performed and user expertise In general, critical design issues...other volumes include command language, software design , description and analysis tools, database management system operating systems; planning and

The WSTIAC Quarterly. Volume 9, Number 4

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-04-28

elements of command– Major Eric D. Trias Captain Bryan M. Bell US Air Force You have to know the past to understand the present. — Carl Sagan This article is...Quarterly, Volume 9, Number 4 3 INTRODUCTION Carl von Clausewitz defined war as “…an act of violence intended to compel our opponent to fulfill our will...controlled systems. NOTES & REFERENCES ‡ Joint Pub 3-13 provides the doctrinal foundation for the conduct of IO in joint operations. [1] von Clausewitz, Carl

Variations of comoving volume and their effects on the star formation rate density

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kim, Sungeun; Physics and Astronomy, Sejong University, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of).

2018-01-01

To build a comprehensive picture of star formation in the universe, we havedeveloped an application to calculate the comoving volume at a specific redshift and visualize the changes of spaceand time. The application is based on the star formation rates of about a few thousands of galaxies and their redshiftvalues. Three dimensional modeling of these galaxies using the redshift, comoving volume, and star formation ratesas input data allows calculation of the star formation rate density corresponding to the redshift. This work issupported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIP)(no. 2017037333).

Excessive levitation for the efficient loading of large-volume optical dipole traps

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Xiaoqing; Li, Yuqing; Feng, Guosheng; Wu, Jizhou; Ma, Jie; Xiao, Liantuan; Jia, Suotang

2018-01-01

Not Available Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2017YFA0304203), the Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University of Ministry of Education of China (Grant No. IRT13076), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 91436108, 61378014, 61675121, 11434007, 61705123, and 61722507), the Fund for Shanxi “1331 Project” Key Subjects Construction and the Foundation for Outstanding Young Scholars of Shanxi Province, China (Grant No. 201601D021001), and the Applied Basic Research Project of Shanxi Province, China (Grant No. 201701D221002).

Project SQUID: The Foundations of Nonequilibrium Statistical Mechanics. Volume 1

DTIC Science & Technology

1963-06-01

equations available (Boltzmann, Landau,, Bogolubov- Balescu -Lenard) are essentially exact and cannot be improved. That isv for kinetic gases (those...effects) as well as to the newly obtained kinetic equation for plasmas (8) (Bogolubov- Balescu -Lenard equation). The hope of ob- taining correctly

The Insurance Educator. Volume VI. 1997.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Insurance Educator, 1997

1997-01-01

This Insurance Education Foundation (IEF) newsletter provides secondary educators with a greater knowledge of insurance and access to teaching materials. It also provides students with insurance career information. The newsletter is intended for secondary educators who teach insurance in any subject. Substantive articles contained in this issue…

Numerical Analysis for Relevant Features in Intrusion Detection (NARFid)

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-03-01

Rosenblatt, Frank. Principles of Neurodynamics : Perceptrons and the Theory of Brain Mechanisms. Spartan Books, Washington DC, 1961. 74. Rossey, Lee M., Robert...editors), Parallel distributed process- ing: Explorations in the microstructure of cognition , Volume 1: Foundations. MIT Press, 1986. 76. Russel, Stuart and

Foundations of space biology and medicine. Volume 2, book 1: Ecological and physiological bases of space biology and medicine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Calvin, M. (Editor); Gazenko, O. G. (Editor)

1975-01-01

Barometric pressure, gas composition, toxicity, and thermal exchange of spacecraft cabin atmospheres are discussed. Effects of gravitation, acceleration, weightlessness, noise, and vibration on human behavior and performance during space flight are also described.

Study of the bending vibration characteristic of phononic crystals beam-foundation structures by Timoshenko beam theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Yan; Ni, Zhi-Qiang; Jiang, Lin-Hua; Han, Lin; Kang, Xue-Wei

2015-07-01

Vibration problems wildly exist in beam-foundation structures. In this paper, finite periodic composites inspired by the concept of ideal phononic crystals (PCs), as well as Timoshenko beam theory (TBT), are proposed to the beam anchored on Winkler foundation. The bending vibration band structure of the PCs Timoshenko beam-foundation structure is derived from the modified transfer matrix method (MTMM) and Bloch's theorem. Then, the frequency response of the finite periodic composite Timoshenko beam-foundation structure by the finite element method (FEM) is performed to verify the above theoretical deduction. Study shows that the Timoshenko beam-foundation structure with periodic composites has wider attenuation zones compared with homogeneous ones. It is concluded that TBT is more available than Euler beam theory (EBT) in the study of the bending vibration characteristic of PCs beam-foundation structures with different length-to-height ratios.

Forecasting runout of rock and debris avalanches

USGS Publications Warehouse

Iverson, Richard M.; Evans, S.G.; Mugnozza, G.S.; Strom, A.; Hermanns, R.L.

2006-01-01

Physically based mathematical models and statistically based empirical equations each may provide useful means of forecasting runout of rock and debris avalanches. This paper compares the foundations, strengths, and limitations of a physically based model and a statistically based forecasting method, both of which were developed to predict runout across three-dimensional topography. The chief advantage of the physically based model results from its ties to physical conservation laws and well-tested axioms of soil and rock mechanics, such as the Coulomb friction rule and effective-stress principle. The output of this model provides detailed information about the dynamics of avalanche runout, at the expense of high demands for accurate input data, numerical computation, and experimental testing. In comparison, the statistical method requires relatively modest computation and no input data except identification of prospective avalanche source areas and a range of postulated avalanche volumes. Like the physically based model, the statistical method yields maps of predicted runout, but it provides no information on runout dynamics. Although the two methods differ significantly in their structure and objectives, insights gained from one method can aid refinement of the other.

Analysis of Foundation of Tall R/C Chimney Incorporating Flexibility of Soil

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jayalekshmi, B. R.; Jisha, S. V.; Shivashankar, R.

2017-09-01

Three dimensional Finite Element (FE) analysis was carried out for 100 and 400 m high R/C chimneys having piled annular raft and annular raft foundations considering the flexibility of soil subjected to across-wind load. Stiffness of supporting soil and foundation were varied to evaluate the significance of Soil-Structure Interaction (SSI). The integrated chimney-foundation-soil system was analysed by finite element software ANSYS based on direct method of SSI assuming linear elastic material behaviour. FE analyses were carried out for two cases of SSI namely, (1) chimney with annular raft foundation and (2) chimney with piled annular raft foundation. The responses in raft such as bending moments and settlements were evaluated for both the cases and compared to those obtained from the conventional method of analysis of annular raft foundation. It is found that the responses in raft vary considerably depending on the stiffness of the underlying soil and the stiffness of foundation. Piled raft foundations are better suited for tall chimneys to be constructed in loose or medium sand.

A multinational report of technical factors on stereotactic body radiotherapy for oligometastases.

PubMed

Redmond, Kristin J; Lo, Simon S; Dagan, Roi; Poon, Ian; Foote, Matthew C; Erler, Darby; Lee, Young; Lohr, Frank; Biswas, Tithi; Ricardi, Umberto; Sahgal, Arjun

2017-05-01

Oligometastatic cancer is being increasingly managed with aggressive local therapy using stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). However, few guidelines exist. We summarize the results of an international survey reviewing technical factors for extracranial SBRT for oligometastatic disease to guide safe management. Seven high-volume centers contributed. Levels of agreement were categorized as strong (6-7 common responses), moderate (4-5), low (2-3) or no agreement. We present the results of a multi-national and multi-institutional survey of technical factors of SBRT for extracranial oligometastases. Key methods including target delineation, prescription doses, normal tissue constraints, imaging and set-up for safe implementation and practice of SBRT for oligometastasis have been identified. This manuscript will serve as a foundation for future clinical evaluations.

Competition between magnetism and superconductivity in Eu-based intermetallic compounds

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stavinoha, Macy; Green, Lance; Chan, Julia; Morosan, Emilia

Eu-based intermetallic compounds present a path to discover new correlated electronic behavior in quantum materials. Reports of superconductivity, intermediate valence behavior, and heavy fermions indicate that Eu-based compounds are promising routes to study the relationship between crystallography and electronic properties. The present work is focused on EuGa4, an antiferromagnet with TN = 16 K isostructural with the tetragonal RT2M2 (R = rare earth, T = transition metal, M = metal or metalloid) family that exhibits heavy fermion behavior and unconventional superconductivity. Single crystals of the doped series (Eu1-xLax)Ga4, (Eu1-xCax)Ga4, and Eu(Ga1-xAlx)4 have been grown using the self-flux method and tested for change in unit cell volume and magnetic susceptibility. Results show that doping with Ca (isoelectronic doping) and La (hole doping) reduce TN to 12.4 K and 2.3 K, respectively, for Ca doping up to x = 0.11 and La doping up to x = 0.74 without an associated change in unit cell volume. The series Eu(Ga1-xAlx)4 has shown incommensurate-to-commensurate magnetic transitions. Future studies will aim to further decrease TN and the unit cell volume using physical pressure and chemical pressure through doping. ICAM, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation.

Global strategies to reduce the price of antiretroviral medicines: evidence from transactional databases

PubMed Central

Kaplan, Warren; King, Alexis C; Lawrence, Danielle A; Leufkens, Hubert G; Fox, Matthew P

2009-01-01

Abstract Objective To estimate the impact of global strategies, such as pooled procurement arrangements, third-party price negotiation and differential pricing, on reducing the price of antiretrovirals (ARVs), which currently hinders universal access to HIV/AIDS treatment. Methods We estimated the impact of global strategies to reduce ARV prices using data on 7253 procurement transactions (July 2002–October 2007) from databases hosted by WHO and the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria. Findings For 19 of 24 ARV dosage forms, we detected no association between price and volume purchased. For the other five ARVs, high-volume purchases were 4–21% less expensive than medium- or low-volume purchases. Nine of 13 generic ARVs were priced 6–36% lower when purchased under the Clinton Foundation HIV/AIDS Initiative (CHAI). Fifteen of 18 branded ARVs were priced 23–498% higher for differentially priced purchases compared with non-CHAI generic purchases. However, two branded, differentially priced ARVs were priced 63% and 73% lower, respectively, than generic non-CHAI equivalents. Conclusion Large purchase volumes did not necessarily result in lower ARV prices. Although current plans for pooled procurement will further increase purchase volumes, savings are uncertain and should be balanced against programmatic costs. Third-party negotiation by CHAI resulted in lower generic ARV prices. Generics were less expensive than differentially priced branded ARVs, except where little generic competition exists. Alternative strategies for reducing ARV prices, such as streamlining financial management systems, improving demand forecasting and removing barriers to generics, should be explored. PMID:19649366

BIOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF LANGUAGE.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

LENNEBERG, ERIC H.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BIOLOGY AND LANGUAGE IS EXPLORED IN THIS VOLUME. THE AUTHOR BELIEVES THAT "LANGUAGE IS THE MANIFESTATION OF SPECIES-SPECIFIC COGNITIVE PROPENSITIES. IT IS THE CONSEQUENCE OF THE BIOLOGICAL PECULIARITIES THAT MAKE A HUMAN TYPE OF COGNITION POSSIBLE." IN ATTEMPTING TO "REINSTATE THE CONCEPT OF THE BIOLOGICAL BASIS OF…

The Ram's Horn, Volume IV, 1986-1987.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rassias Foundation, Dartmouth, NH.

This annual publication of the Rassias Foundation at Dartmouth College (New Hampshire) includes these articles and commentaries: "Clio and Hermes: Languages in the Study of the Past" (Kent J. Rigsby); "The Micrologue in a Student-Directed Conversation Class" (Stephen A. Canfield); "Baby Pictures and the Spanish Preterit…

Lean for Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

LeMahieu, Paul G.; Nordstrum, Lee E.; Greco, Patricia

2017-01-01

Purpose: This paper is one of seven in this volume that aims to elaborate different approaches to quality improvement in education. It delineates a methodology called Lean for Education. Design/methodology/approach: The paper presents the origins, theoretical foundations, core concepts and a case study demonstrating an application in US education,…

Global Inventory of Regional and National Qualifications Frameworks. Volume I: Thematic Chapters

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Deij, Arjen; Graham, Michael; Bjornavold, Jens; Grm, Slava Pevec; Villalba, Ernesto; Christensen, Hanne; Chakroun, Borhene; Daelman, Katrien; Carlsen, Arne; Singh, Madhu

2015-01-01

The "Global Inventory of Regional and National Qualifications Frameworks," the result of collaborative work between the European Training Foundation (ETF), the European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training (Cedefop), UNESCO [United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization] and UIL [UNESCO Institute for…

Neutron Diffraction of Large-Volume Samples at High Pressure Using Compact Opposed-Anvil Cells

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ni, Xiao-Lin; Fang, Lei-Ming; Li, Xin; Chen, Xi-Ping; Xie, Lei; He, Duan-Wei; Kou, Zi-Li

2018-04-01

Not Available Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant No 2016YFA0401503, the Science Challenge Project under Grant No TZ2016001, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 11427810.

Special Issue: Partnerships and Collaborations in Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Eddy, Pamela L.

2010-01-01

This volume comprises three chapters. The first chapter reviews organizational partnerships. The rationale for organizations and individuals to participate in institutional collaborations sets the foundation for the development of the partnership, builds on preconceived ideas regarding roles in the group and the level of resources each contributes…

Conceptual Gaps in Circuits Textbooks: A Comparative Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sangam, Deepika; Jesiek, Brent K.

2015-01-01

Many university-level electrical engineering courses continue to use textbooks as curriculum scaffolds, prescribed texts, and/or reference volumes. Textbook reliance is even more pronounced in courses that teach foundational principles of the discipline, such as introductory circuit theory. This paper reports on the conceptual coverage of…

Structures to Resist the Effects of Accidental Explosions. Volume 1. Introduction

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-12-01

Biology and Problem Areas in Relating Physical and Biological Parameters, Lovelace Foundation for Medical Education and Research, Albuquerque, New Mexico...ARAED-TR-87033, U.S. Army Armament Research, Development and Engineering Center, Dover, N.J., October, 1987. 42 DISTRIDUTON LIST Commander Annment Researh

Stratigraphy, sedimentology, and volume of sediments behind a dam relic on the Muskegon River, Big Rapids, Michigan

USGS Publications Warehouse

Westjohn, David B.

1997-01-01

The proposed removal of the remnants of a hydroelectric dam in the Muskegon River at Big Rapids, Michigan, will potentially affect flow of the river at the city's water intake system. Fifteen boreholes were augered in bottom sediments in the river just upstream from the dam relic, and streambottom profiles were made using ground-penetrating radar. Data from boreholes show that sediments captured by the dam foundation were deposited in two distinctly different sedimentary environments. Sediments that overlie the pre-dam channel surface consist of lacustrine clay, wood chips, silt, and sand. These lacustrine sediments are interbedded in a cyclical fashion, and they were deposited under low flow to stagnant water conditions during 1916-66, when a 17-foot-tall hydroelectric dam was in place. Demolition of the upper 13 feet of this dam in 1966 resulted in erosion of most of the lacustrine sediments, and subsequent deposition of coarser alluvium in the impoundment behind the remaining dam foundation. Lacustrine sediments are present in the active part of the stream channel and extend from the dam foundation to about 1,300 feet upstream. The composite thickness of lacustrine sediments and overlying coarser alluvium was determined from sediment cores collected from the boreholes. The volume of these sediments is estimated to be about 19,000 cubic yards.

A 3D global-to-local deformable mesh model based registration and anatomy-constrained segmentation method for image guided prostate radiotherapy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zhou Jinghao; Kim, Sung; Jabbour, Salma

2010-03-15

Purpose: In the external beam radiation treatment of prostate cancers, successful implementation of adaptive radiotherapy and conformal radiation dose delivery is highly dependent on precise and expeditious segmentation and registration of the prostate volume between the simulation and the treatment images. The purpose of this study is to develop a novel, fast, and accurate segmentation and registration method to increase the computational efficiency to meet the restricted clinical treatment time requirement in image guided radiotherapy. Methods: The method developed in this study used soft tissues to capture the transformation between the 3D planning CT (pCT) images and 3D cone-beam CTmore » (CBCT) treatment images. The method incorporated a global-to-local deformable mesh model based registration framework as well as an automatic anatomy-constrained robust active shape model (ACRASM) based segmentation algorithm in the 3D CBCT images. The global registration was based on the mutual information method, and the local registration was to minimize the Euclidian distance of the corresponding nodal points from the global transformation of deformable mesh models, which implicitly used the information of the segmented target volume. The method was applied on six data sets of prostate cancer patients. Target volumes delineated by the same radiation oncologist on the pCT and CBCT were chosen as the benchmarks and were compared to the segmented and registered results. The distance-based and the volume-based estimators were used to quantitatively evaluate the results of segmentation and registration. Results: The ACRASM segmentation algorithm was compared to the original active shape model (ASM) algorithm by evaluating the values of the distance-based estimators. With respect to the corresponding benchmarks, the mean distance ranged from -0.85 to 0.84 mm for ACRASM and from -1.44 to 1.17 mm for ASM. The mean absolute distance ranged from 1.77 to 3.07 mm for ACRASM and from 2.45 to 6.54 mm for ASM. The volume overlap ratio ranged from 79% to 91% for ACRASM and from 44% to 80% for ASM. These data demonstrated that the segmentation results of ACRASM were in better agreement with the corresponding benchmarks than those of ASM. The developed registration algorithm was quantitatively evaluated by comparing the registered target volumes from the pCT to the benchmarks on the CBCT. The mean distance and the root mean square error ranged from 0.38 to 2.2 mm and from 0.45 to 2.36 mm, respectively, between the CBCT images and the registered pCT. The mean overlap ratio of the prostate volumes ranged from 85.2% to 95% after registration. The average time of the ACRASM-based segmentation was under 1 min. The average time of the global transformation was from 2 to 4 min on two 3D volumes and the average time of the local transformation was from 20 to 34 s on two deformable superquadrics mesh models. Conclusions: A novel and fast segmentation and deformable registration method was developed to capture the transformation between the planning and treatment images for external beam radiotherapy of prostate cancers. This method increases the computational efficiency and may provide foundation to achieve real time adaptive radiotherapy.« less

Influence of foundation mass and surface roughness on dynamic response of beam on dynamic foundation subjected to the moving load

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tran Quoc, Tinh; Khong Trong, Toan; Luong Van, Hai

2018-04-01

In this paper, Improved Moving Element Method (IMEM) is used to analyze the dynamic response of Euler-Bernoulli beam structures on the dynamic foundation model subjected to the moving load. The effects of characteristic foundation model parameters such as Winkler stiffness, shear layer based on the Pasternak model, viscoelastic dashpot and characteristic parameter of mass on foundation. Beams are modeled by moving elements while the load is fixed. Based on the principle of the publicly virtual balancing and the theory of moving element method, the motion differential equation of the system is established and solved by means of the numerical integration based on the Newmark algorithm. The influence of mass on foundation and the roughness of the beam surface on the dynamic response of beam are examined in details.

The Human as a System - Monitoring Spacecraft Net Habitable Volume throughout the Design Lifecycle

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Szabo, Richard; Kallay, Anna; Twyford, Evan; Maida, Jim

2007-01-01

Spacecraft design has historically allocated specific volume and mass "not to exceed" requirements upon individual systems and their accompanying hardware (e.g., life support, avionics) early in their conceptual design in an effort to align the spacecraft with propulsion capabilities. If the spacecraft is too heavy or too wide for the launch stack - it does not get off the ground. This approach has predictably ended with the crew being allocated whatever open, pressurized volume remains. With the recent inauguration of a new human-rated spacecraft - NASA human factors personnel have found themselves in the unique position to redefine the human as a system from the very foundation of design. They seek to develop and monitor a "not to fall below" requirement for crew net habitable volume (NHV) - balanced against the "not to exceed" system volume requirements, with the spacecraft fitting the crew versus the crew having to fit inside the spacecraft.

Focus on the USA. Varieties of English Around the World, Volume 16.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schneider, Edgar W., Ed.

Essays on varieties of English in the United States include: "Research Trends in the Study of American English" (Edgar W. Schneider); "Piney Woods Southern" (Lee Pederson); "Foundations of American English" (William A. Kretzschmar, Jr.); "The Comparability of Linguistic Atlas Records: The Case of LANCS an…

Knowledge Discovery as an Aid to Organizational Creativity.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Siau, Keng

2000-01-01

This article presents the concept of knowledge discovery, a process of searching for associations in large volumes of computer data, as an aid to creativity. It then discusses the various techniques in knowledge discovery. Mednick's associative theory of creative thought serves as the theoretical foundation for this research. (Contains…

Foundations for Living. Volume II. Teacher Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oklahoma State Dept. of Vocational and Technical Education, Stillwater. Curriculum and Instructional Materials Center.

This instructor's guide contains the materials required to teach a competency-based introductory course in vocational home economics that is designed to prepare students for work in the home and success in paid occupations. The following topics are covered in 21 instructional units organized into 8 sections: leadership responsibility, climbing the…

Vygotsky's Legacy: A Foundation for Research and Practice

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gredler, Margaret E.; Shields, Carolyn Claytor

2007-01-01

Most educators are familiar with Lev Vygotsky's concept of the "zone of proximal development," yet the bulk of Vygotsky's pioneering theory of cognitive development largely remains unknown. This volume provides a systematic, authoritative overview of Vygotsky's work and its implications for educational research and practice. Major topics include…

Reading Research at Work: Foundations of Effective Practice

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stahl, Katherine A. Dougherty, Ed.; McKenna, Michael C., Ed.

2006-01-01

This book presents state-of-the-science research on the components of successful literacy learning and how to target them in contemporary classrooms. The volume builds on and extends the work of Steven Stahl, whose pioneering contributions encompassed the key areas of phonemic awareness, phonics, vocabulary, fluency, comprehension, and assessment.…

PREDICTING ATTENUATION OF VIRUSES DURING PERCOLATION IN SOILS: 2. USER'S GUIDE TO THE VIRULO 1.0 COMPUTER MODEL

EPA Science Inventory

In the EPA document Predicting Attenuation of Viruses During Percolation in Soils 1. Probabilistic Model the conceptual, theoretical, and mathematical foundations for a predictive screening model were presented. In this current volume we present a User's Guide for the computer mo...

Historical Architectural Survey of Delaware Water Gap National Recreational Area 1975. Volume 1.

DTIC Science & Technology

1975-01-01

Owner: Hazel V. Irvine (presently Blue Delft Antiques) Estimated Date: Circa 1900 Historic Name: None (Summer home for Owners of Dingman House Hotel ... Construction : 1-1/2-story, frame Foundation, stone piers Wood siding on gable ends Novelty siding on sides Roof, asphalt shingles . 2 Riverstone

Pacific Telecommunications Council Annual Conference Proceedings (19th, Honolulu, Hawaii, January 19-22, 1997).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wedemeyer, Dan J., Ed.; Nickelson, Richard, Ed.

This PTC'97 volume contains papers presented at the 19th annual conference of the Pacific Telecommunications Council, "Pacific Connections: Policy and Technology in the Information Economy" (1997). Three super-session groupings--industry, policy, and technology--provide attendees with a conceptual foundation from which subsequent…

The Soviet System of Education. A PIER World Education Series Special Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Popovych, Erika; Levin-Stankevich, Brian

This volume endeavors to provide comprehensive factual information on the Soviet system of education. Chapter 1 offers basic information on the Soviet Republics. Chapter 2 describes the foundations of Soviet Education. Chapter 3 describes preschool through upper secondary education including academic calendars and curriculum. Chapter 4,…

The DISAM Journal of International Security Assistance Management. Volume 30, Number 4, December 2008

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-12-01

the Black Sea’s natural beauty and resources; and improving security throughout the region. At its foundation, it follows from the same goals we have...developing countries, the force’s commander told online journalists and bloggers in an August 8, 2008 teleconference. Many past humanitarian

Development of LRFD procedures for bridge pile foundations in Iowa - volume I : an electronic database for PIle LOad Tests (PILOT).

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-01-01

For well over 100 years, the Working Stress Design (WSD) approach has been the traditional basis for geotechnical design with regard to settlements or failure conditions. However, considerable effort has been put forth over the past couple of decades...

Six Sigma in Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

LeMahieu, Paul G.; Nordstrum, Lee E.; Cudney, Elizabeth A.

2017-01-01

Purpose: This paper is one of seven in this volume that aims to elaborate different approaches to quality improvement in education. It delineates a methodology called Six Sigma. Design/methodology/approach: The paper presents the origins, theoretical foundations, core principles and a case study demonstrating an application of Six Sigma in a…

Positive Deviance: Learning from Positive Anomalies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

LeMahieu, Paul G.; Nordstrum, Lee E.; Gale, Dick

2017-01-01

Purpose: This paper is one of seven in this volume, each elaborating different approaches to quality improvement in education. The purpose of this paper is to delineate a methodology called positive deviance. Design/methodology/approach: The paper presents the origins, theoretical foundations, core principles and a case study demonstrating an…

Dyslexia across Languages: Orthography and the Brain-Gene-Behavior Link

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McCardle, Peggy, Ed.; Miller, Brett, Ed.; Lee, Jun Ren, Ed.; Tzeng, Ovid J. L., Ed.

2011-01-01

What causes dyslexia, and how does it manifest across languages? As bilingualism becomes increasingly important globally, these questions have never been more critical--and this comprehensive volume from The Dyslexia Foundation explores them in unprecedented depth. Bringing together the best brain-based, genetics, and behavioral research in the…

National CrossTalk. Volume 13, Number 3, Summer 2005

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Trombley, William, Ed.

2005-01-01

The primary purpose of "National CrossTalk" is to stimulate informed discussion and debate of higher education issues. This issue contains the following articles: (1) Virginia Tries Restructuring: Financial Stress Leads to New Arrangements between State and Campuses (Robert A. Jones); (2) Georgia's Odd Couple: Can Two Foundations Share a…

Emerging Issues in Education: Policy Implications for the Schools.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bruno, James E., Ed.

Contents of this volume, one product of a collaboration between the Carnegie Corporation and Rand initiated in July 1969, include the following papers: "Emerging Issues in Education . . .," J. E. Bruno; "Societal Foundations for Change: Educational Alternatives for the Future," W. Harman: "Constitutional Aspects of Equality of Educational…

Toward New Horizons. Volume 3. Technical Intelligence Supplement

DTIC Science & Technology

1946-05-01

Westtiroler Kraftwerke , a power company with plans for a 1,000,000-kw project for supplying the region of the German Rhine with power. The water requirements of... Kraftwerke and the Siemens Bau-Union, SBU, as well as Innerebner & Mayer. (b) Buildings and foundations, Arbeitsgemeinschaft Innerebner & Mayer, Ph

Telecommunications and Development in Africa.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kiplagat, B. A., Ed.; Werner, M. C. M., Ed.

The Telecommunications Foundation of Africa (TFA) was created in 1992 out of a conviction that insufficient telecommunications in Africa are an impediment to economic growth, and that more resources could be mobilized to strengthen this sector. This volume was made by TFA for readers both inside and outside of Africa and the telecommunications…

Dalton Highway : characterization of foundation soils

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1984-09-01

In this report we represent the results of our geotechnical characterization of natural foundation soils along the Dalton Highway from the Livengood to Prudhoe Bay. In addition, it analyzes this data by statistical methods and caracterizes foundation...

Group-focused morality is associated with limited conflict detection and resolution capacity: Neuroanatomical evidence.

PubMed

Nash, Kyle; Baumgartner, Thomas; Knoch, Daria

2017-02-01

Group-focused moral foundations (GMFs) - moral values that help protect the group's welfare - sharply divide conservatives from liberals and religiously devout from non-believers. However, there is little evidence about what drives this divide. Moral foundations theory and the model of motivated social cognition both associate group-focused moral foundations with differences in conflict detection and resolution capacity, but in opposing directions. Individual differences in conflict detection and resolution implicate specific neuroanatomical differences. Examining neuroanatomy thus affords an objective and non-biased opportunity to contrast these influential theories. Here, we report that increased adherence to group-focused moral foundations was strongly associated (whole-brain corrected) with reduced gray matter volume in key regions of the conflict detection and resolution system (anterior cingulate cortex and lateral prefrontal cortex). Because reduced gray matter is reliably associated with reduced neural and cognitive capacity, these findings support the idea outlined in the model of motivated social cognition that belief in group-focused moral values is associated with reduced conflict detection and resolution capacity. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Project on Academic Striving: The Moderation of Stress in the Lives of the Students of an Urban Intermediate School. A Project To Coordinate Research and Environmental Intervention. Final Report to the William T. Grant Foundation. Volume One [and] Volume Two.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Grannis, Joseph C.; Fahs, Mary Ellen

This report evaluates a project that studied social, physical, and academic stress in the lives of students in an inner-city intermediate school and developed interventions to reduce that stress. Over 242 students, most of whom were from low-income families and almost all of whom were black, participated in the project. The following findings are…

3D Numerical Simulation of the Wave and Current Loads on a Truss Foundation of the Offshore Wind Turbine During the Extreme Typhoon Event

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lin, C. W.; Wu, T. R.; Chuang, M. H.; Tsai, Y. L.

2015-12-01

The wind in Taiwan Strait is strong and stable which offers an opportunity to build offshore wind farms. However, frequently visited typhoons and strong ocean current require more attentions on the wave force and local scour around the foundation of the turbine piles. In this paper, we introduce an in-house, multi-phase CFD model, Splash3D, for solving the flow field with breaking wave, strong turbulent, and scour phenomena. Splash3D solves Navier-Stokes Equation with Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) for the fluid domain, and uses volume of fluid (VOF) with piecewise linear interface reconstruction (PLIC) method to describe the break free-surface. The waves were generated inside the computational domain by internal wave maker with a mass-source function. This function is designed to adequately simulate the wave condition under observed extreme events based on JONSWAP spectrum and dispersion relationship. Dirichlet velocity boundary condition is assigned at the upper stream boundary to induce the ocean current. At the downstream face, the sponge-layer method combined with pressure Dirichlet boundary condition is specified for dissipating waves and conducting current out of the domain. Numerical pressure gauges are uniformly set on the structure surface to obtain the force distribution on the structure. As for the local scour around the foundation, we developed Discontinuous Bi-viscous Model (DBM) for the development of the scour hole. Model validations were presented as well. The force distribution under observed irregular wave condition was extracted by the irregular-surface force extraction (ISFE) method, which provides a fast and elegant way to integrate the force acting on the surface of irregular structure. From the Simulation results, we found that the total force is mainly induced by the impinging waves, and the force from the ocean current is about 2 order of magnitude smaller than the wave force. We also found the dynamic pressure, wave height, and the projection area of the structure are the main factors to the total force. Detailed results and discussion are presented as well.

Construction risk assessment of deep foundation pit in metro station based on G-COWA method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

You, Weibao; Wang, Jianbo; Zhang, Wei; Liu, Fangmeng; Yang, Diying

2018-05-01

In order to get an accurate understanding of the construction safety of deep foundation pit in metro station and reduce the probability and loss of risk occurrence, a risk assessment method based on G-COWA is proposed. Firstly, relying on the specific engineering examples and the construction characteristics of deep foundation pit, an evaluation index system based on the five factors of “human, management, technology, material and environment” is established. Secondly, the C-OWA operator is introduced to realize the evaluation index empowerment and weaken the negative influence of expert subjective preference. The gray cluster analysis and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method are combined to construct the construction risk assessment model of deep foundation pit, which can effectively solve the uncertainties. Finally, the model is applied to the actual project of deep foundation pit of Qingdao Metro North Station, determine its construction risk rating is “medium”, evaluate the model is feasible and reasonable. And then corresponding control measures are put forward and useful reference are provided.

Solid state microdosimetry.

PubMed

Bradley, P D; Rosenfeld, A B; Zaider, M

2001-09-01

A review of solid state microdosimetry is presented with an emphasis on silicon-based devices. The historical foundations and basics of microdosimetry are briefly provided. Various methods of experimental regional microdosimetry are discussed to facilitate a comparison with the more recent development of silicon microdosimetry. In particular, the performance characteristics of a proportional gas counter and a silicon microdosimeter are compared. Recent improvements in silicon microdosimetry address the issues of requirement specification, non-spherical shape, tissue equivalence, sensitive volume definition (charge collection complexity) and low noise requirements which have previously impeded the implementation of silicon-based microdosimetry. A prototype based on silicon-on-insulator technology is described along with some example results from clinical high LET radiotherapy facilities. A brief summary of the applications of microdosimetry is included. c2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Study on the Accident-causing of Foundation Pit Engineering

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shuicheng, Tian; Xinyue, Zhang; Pengfei, Yang; Longgang, Chen

2018-05-01

With the development of high-rise buildings and underground space, a large number of foundation pit projects have occurred. Frequent accidents of it cause great losses to the society, how to reduce the frequency of pit accidents has become one of the most urgent problems to be solved. Therefore, analysing the influencing factors of foundation pit engineering accidents and studying the causes of foundation pit accidents, which of great significance for improving the safety management level of foundation pit engineering and reducing the incidence of foundation pit accidents. Firstly, based on literature review and questionnaires, this paper selected construction management, survey, design, construction, supervision and monitoring as research factors, we used the AHP method and the Dematel method to analyze the weights of various influencing factors to screen indicators to determine the ultimate system of accidents caused by foundation pit accidents; Secondly, SPSS 21.0 software was used to test the reliability and validity of the recovered questionnaire data. AMOS 7.0 software was used to fit, evaluate, and explain the set model; Finally, this paper analysed the influencing factors of foundation pit engineering accidents, corresponding management countermeasures and suggestions were put forward.

Forced in-plane vibration of a thick ring on a unilateral elastic foundation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Chunjian; Ayalew, Beshah; Rhyne, Timothy; Cron, Steve; Dailliez, Benoit

2016-10-01

Most existing studies of a deformable ring on elastic foundation rely on the assumption of a linear foundation. These assumptions are insufficient in cases where the foundation may have a unilateral stiffness that vanishes in compression or tension such as in non-pneumatic tires and bushing bearings. This paper analyzes the in-plane dynamics of such a thick ring on a unilateral elastic foundation, specifically, on a two-parameter unilateral elastic foundation, where the stiffness of the foundation is treated as linear in the circumferential direction but unilateral (i.e. collapsible or tensionless) in the radial direction. The thick ring is modeled as an orthotropic and extensible circular Timoshenko beam. An arbitrarily distributed time-varying in-plane force is considered as the excitation. The Equations of Motion are explicitly derived and a solution method is proposed that uses an implicit Newmark scheme for the time domain solution and an iterative compensation approach to determine the unilateral zone of the foundation at each time step. The dynamic axle force transmission is also analyzed. Illustrative forced vibration responses obtained from the proposed model and solution method are compared with those obtained from a finite element model.

Electronic Hand Calculators: The Implications for Pre-College Education. Final Report. Abbreviated Version.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Suydam, Marilyn, Comp.

This volume reports research conducted to provide the National Science Foundation (NSF) with information concerning the existing range of beliefs and opinions about the impact of the hand-held calculator on pre-college educational practice. A literature search and several surveys of groups of individuals involved in calculator manufacture and…

Development of LRFD procedures for bridge pile foundations in Iowa - volume III : recommended resistance factors with consideration of construction control and setup.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-02-01

The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) mandated utilizing the Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) approach for all new bridges initiated in the United States after October 1, 2007. As a result, there has been a progressive move among state De...

Natural Hazards Observer. Volume XXV, Number 3

DTIC Science & Technology

2001-01-01

National Science Foundation , Federal Emergency Management Agency, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. (Geological Survey, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Department of Transportation, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Institute for Business and Home Safety, and the Public Entity Risk

Natural Hazards Observer. Volume XXII, Number 3. January 1998.

DTIC Science & Technology

1998-01-01

National Science Foundation , Federal Emergency Management Agency, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, U.S. Forest Service, Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Department of Transportation, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the Institute for Business and Home Safety. The Natural Hazards Observer is published

Natural Hazards Observer, Volume XXV No. 2, November 2000

DTIC Science & Technology

2000-11-01

National Science Foundation , Federal Emergency Management Agency, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Department of Transportation, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Institute for Business and Home Safety, and the Public Entity Risk

CompGC: Efficient Offline/Online Sem i-honest Two-party Computation

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-04-22

Rivest, and A. T. Sherman, Eds., Plenum Press, New York, USA, pp. 205–210. 13 [9] Goldreich, O. Foundations of Cryptography : Volume 2, Basic...low depth circuits. In FC 2013: 17th International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security (Okinawa, Japan, Apr. 1–5, 2013), A.-R

Persistent Poverty in Rural America. Rural Studies Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rural Sociological Society, Bozeman, MT.

In this volume, the Rural Sociological Society Task Force on Persistent Rural Poverty analyzes the leading explanations of persistent rural poverty and points out new directions in theory that should provide a firmer foundation for antipoverty policies and programs. Written by over 50 leading social scientists, the Task Force report explains that…

The Future of School Integration: Socioeconomic Diversity as an Education Reform Strategy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kahlenberg, Richard D., Ed.

2012-01-01

The Century Foundation released The Future of School Integration: Socioeconomic Diversity as an Education Reform Strategy, edited by senior fellow Richard D. Kahlenberg. The volume seeks to answer important questions about how socioeconomic integration plans are faring and to provide guidance for how they can be sustained and expanded in the…

Backcalculation of layer parameters for LTPP test sections, volume I : slab on elastic solid and slab on dense-liquid foundation analysis of rigid pavements.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2001-01-01

This report documents the results of backcalculation of layer material properties for rigid pavements included in the Long Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) program in the United States and Canada using deflection testing data. This study backcalculat...

Here's the Story: Using Narrative to Promote Young Children's Language and Literacy Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Meier, Daniel, Ed.

2009-01-01

Featuring contributions from a unique mix of authors--classroom teachers, teacher educators, and children's book authors--this volume explores the value of stories in promoting children's language and literacy learning. Major sections cover the most fundamental and critical foundations for language and literacy growth--including first language…

Backcalculation of layer parameters for LTPP test sections, volume I : slab on elastic solid and slab on dense-liquid foundation analysis of rigid pavements

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2001-01-01

This report documents the results of backcalculation of layer material properties for rigid pavements included in the Long Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) program in the United States and Canada using deflection testing data. This study backcalculat...

Sacred Dreams: Women and the Superintendency, by Cryss Brunner [Book Review].

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pounder, Diana G.

2000-01-01

Cryss Brunner's edited volume is a well-organized review of gender issues in school administration. It offers clues about administrative roles and concepts integral to the field and furthers understanding of women's administrative experiences. The studies lay an excellent foundation for further empirical investigations into causes of women's…

Challenges to Military Operations in Support of U.S. National Interests. Volume 1: Executive Summary (Defense Science Board 2007 Summer Study)

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-12-09

be an ideal " franchise model" across localities critical to DOD missions. RECOMMENDATION: DOMESTIC INTELLIGENCE • The Under Secretary of Defense...along with engaging capabilities of new philanthropy and social entrepreneurship (such as the Gates Foundation). Marketing and entertainment talent can

Librarianship and Documentation Studies: A Handbook of Teaching and Learning Materials. Volume 2.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Huttemann, Lutz, Ed.

The improvement of information infrastructures in the eastern and southern sub-region of Africa through the adequate training of personnel for libraries and information establishments is one of the major objectives of the Education, Science and Documentation Centre of the German Foundation for International Development (DSE). This reader, designed…

School Psychology for the 21st Century: Foundations and Practices. Second Edition

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Merrell, Kenneth W.; Ervin, Ruth A.; Peacock, Gretchen Gimpel

2011-01-01

A leading introductory text, this authoritative volume comprehensively describes the school psychologist's role in promoting positive academic, behavioral, and emotional outcomes for all students. The book emphasizes a problem-solving-based, data-driven approach to practice in today's diverse schools. It grounds the reader in the concepts and…

Building a Language-Focused Curriculum for the Preschool Classroom. Volume I: A Foundation for Lifelong Communication.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rice, Mabel L., Ed.; Wilcox, Kim A., Ed.

Drawing on the successfully implemented practices used at the Language Acquisition Preschool at the University of Kansas, this comprehensive resource provides the theoretical background and practical framework needed to create an effective language intervention program at the preschool level. The book is intended for professionals seeking to…

Conceptual Development: Piaget's Legacy. Jean Piaget Symposium Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Scholnick, Ellin K., Ed.; Nelson, Katherine, Ed.; Gelman, Susan A., Ed.; Miller, Patricia H., Ed.

Based on the papers presented at the 1996 Symposium of the Jean Piaget Society and highlighting the extent to which Piaget's ideas have served to scaffold contemporary thinking about every aspect of conceptual development, this volume examines the nature of conceptual development, its foundations, and the sources of its novelties. The chapters…

Exercise at the Extremes: The Amount of Exercise to Reduce Cardiovascular Events.

PubMed

Eijsvogels, Thijs M H; Molossi, Silvana; Lee, Duck-Chul; Emery, Michael S; Thompson, Paul D

2016-01-26

Habitual physical activity and regular exercise training improve cardiovascular health and longevity. A physically active lifestyle is, therefore, a key aspect of primary and secondary prevention strategies. An appropriate volume and intensity are essential to maximally benefit from exercise interventions. This document summarizes available evidence on the relationship between the exercise volume and risk reductions in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, the risks and benefits of moderate- versus high-intensity exercise interventions are compared. Findings are presented for the general population and cardiac patients eligible for cardiac rehabilitation. Finally, the controversy of excessive volumes of exercise in the athletic population is discussed. Copyright © 2016 American College of Cardiology Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Load and resistance factor design of bridge foundations accounting for pile group-soil interaction.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-11-01

Pile group foundations are used in most foundation solutions for transportation structures. Rigorous and reliable pile design methods are : required to produce designs whose level of safety (probability of failure) is known. By utilizing recently dev...

Constitutional Law--State Action--Charitable Foundations--Racial Discrimination--Tax Exemption May be State Action under Civil Rights Act.--Jackson v. Statler Foundation, 496 F.2d 623 (2nd Cir. 1974), cert. denied, 43 U.S.L.W. 3452 (U.S. Feb. 14, 1975)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wolf, Sara Straight

1975-01-01

The author argues that if the positive values which private foundations can provide are to continue, the finding of state action in the granting of tax exemptions to private foundations cannot be permitted to stand. Other existing methods for disallowing tax exemptions for foundations dedicated to invidiously discriminatory practices are…

Time-domain representation of frequency-dependent foundation impedance functions

USGS Publications Warehouse

Safak, E.

2006-01-01

Foundation impedance functions provide a simple means to account for soil-structure interaction (SSI) when studying seismic response of structures. Impedance functions represent the dynamic stiffness of the soil media surrounding the foundation. The fact that impedance functions are frequency dependent makes it difficult to incorporate SSI in standard time-history analysis software. This paper introduces a simple method to convert frequency-dependent impedance functions into time-domain filters. The method is based on the least-squares approximation of impedance functions by ratios of two complex polynomials. Such ratios are equivalent, in the time-domain, to discrete-time recursive filters, which are simple finite-difference equations giving the relationship between foundation forces and displacements. These filters can easily be incorporated into standard time-history analysis programs. Three examples are presented to show the applications of the method.

The Big Five of Personality and structural imaging revisited: a VBM - DARTEL study.

PubMed

Liu, Wei-Yin; Weber, Bernd; Reuter, Martin; Markett, Sebastian; Chu, Woei-Chyn; Montag, Christian

2013-05-08

The present study focuses on the neurostructural foundations of the human personality. In a large sample of 227 healthy human individuals (168 women and 59 men), we used MRI to examine the relationship between personality traits and both regional gray and white matter volume, while controlling for age and sex. Personality was assessed using the German version of the NEO Five-Factor Inventory that measures individual differences in the 'Big Five of Personality': extraversion, neuroticism, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience. In contrast to most previous studies on neural correlates of the Big Five, we used improved processing strategies: white and gray matter were independently assessed by segmentation steps before data analysis. In addition, customized sex-specific diffeomorphic anatomical registration using exponentiated lie algebra templates were used. Our results did not show significant correlations between any dimension of the Big Five and regional gray matter volume. However, among others, higher conscientiousness scores correlated significantly with reductions in regional white matter volume in different brain areas, including the right insula, putamen, caudate, and left fusiformis. These correlations were driven by the female subsample. The present study suggests that many results from the literature on the neurostructural basis of personality should be reviewed carefully, considering the results when the sample size is larger, imaging methods are rigorously applied, and sex-related and age-related effects are controlled.

Research and Development of Counter Measures Recording Equipment, Models, Test Equipment, and Reports. Volume 1. Magnetic Recording, 1 December 1949 through 31 December 1951

DTIC Science & Technology

1952-01-15

EQUIPMENT ÄB REPORTS^ Final" j^gineeriog Report , «A- " pf-’ a-- -*?r. f: • ?-tft "•" /*«**. *-J&-..to- ARMOUR ’. SESEAR.CP., -FOUNDATION...8217 -r . *~~ ZJ&ttz, . ^^^BÄCI«*«aaBMtf»W^lW>«^«M(lJ S’P0- .,«."" USE f^ ~J RESTRie’TED Armour Research Foundation ;" "J ’ of1...THE TRANSMISSION OR THE REVELATION OF ITS CONTENTS IN ANY MANNER TO AN UNAUTHORIZED PERSON 10 PROHIBITED Bf LAW* G(W No-, (ff _ ARMOUR RESEARCH

Investigation on dynamical interaction between a heavy vehicle and road pavement

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, Shaopu; Li, Shaohua; Lu, Yongjie

2010-08-01

This paper presents a model for three-dimensional, heavy vehicle-pavement-foundation coupled system, which is modelled as a seven-DOF vehicle moving along a simply supported double-layer rectangular thin plate on a linear viscoelastic foundation. The vertical tyre force is described by a single point-contact model, while the pavement-foundation is modelled as a double-layer plate on a linear viscoelastic foundation. Using the Galerkin method and quick direct integral method, the dynamical behaviour of the vehicle-pavement-foundation coupled system is investigated numerically and compared with that of traditional vehicle system and pavement system. The effects of coupling action on vehicle body vertical acceleration, suspension deformations, tyre forces and pavement displacements are also obtained. The investigation shows that the coupling action could not be neglected even on a smooth road surface, such as highway. Thus, it is necessary to investigate the dynamics of vehicle and pavement simultaneously based on the vehicle-pavement-foundation coupled system.

The beetle elytron plate: a lightweight, high-strength and buffering functional-structural bionic material.

PubMed

Zhang, Xiaoming; Xie, Juan; Chen, Jinxiang; Okabe, Yoji; Pan, Longcheng; Xu, Mengye

2017-06-30

To investigate the characteristics of compression, buffering and energy dissipation in beetle elytron plates (BEPs), compression experiments were performed on BEPs and honeycomb plates (HPs) with the same wall thickness in different core structures and using different molding methods. The results are as follows: 1) The compressive strength and energy dissipation capacity in the BEP are 2.44 and 5.0 times those in the HP, respectively, when the plates are prepared using the full integrated method (FIM). 2) The buckling stress is directly proportional to the square of the wall thickness (t). Thus, for core structures with equal wall thicknesses, although the core volume of the BEP is 42 percent greater than that of the HP, the mechanical properties of the BEP are several times higher than those of the HP. 3) It is also proven that even when the single integrated method (SIM) is used to prepare BEPs, the properties discussed above remain superior to those of HPs by a factor of several; this finding lays the foundation for accelerating the commercialization of BEPs based on modern manufacturing processes.

Study on monitoring of deep foundation pit with SMW engineering method plus anchor cable retaining structure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Wenzhao; Cui, Wenping

2018-03-01

The SMW method has many advantages, such as little influence on the surrounding environment, good watertight performance, wide range of application, short construction period, low cost and so on. In this paper, we chose the SMW engineering method combined with anchor cable to support structure in the second phase deep foundation pit of Jinan LuJinDongCheng as the research object, monitored and analysed the horizontal displacement of the pile top, Peripheral surface subsidence and internal force of the anchor cable in the foundation pit. We also discussed the displacement, internal force of anchor cable and the settlement of surrounding environment in the excavation of foundation pit and in different stages of construction. Conclusion:(1)The maximum horizontal displacement of the retaining structure is closely related to the depth and time of excavation, the construction of anchor cable can well limit the deformation of pile body; (2)Groundwater seepage caused by foundation pit dewatering will change the effective stress of soil. The change of groundwater level has an important influence on the working behavior of smw anchor cable supporting structure.

Individual Programs: 1999 Performance Reports and 2001 Plans. Volume 2. U.S. Department of Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Department of Education, Washington, DC. Office of the Under Secretary.

This report provides an overview of the Department of Education's (ED) progress toward four main goals: (1) help all children reach challenging academic standards so they are prepared for responsible citizenship, further learning, and productive employment; (2) build a solid foundation for learning for all children; (3) ensure access to…

Foundation Mathematics for the Physical Sciences

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Riley, K. F.; Hobson, M. P.

2011-03-01

1. Arithmetic and geometry; 2. Preliminary algebra; 3. Differential calculus; 4. Integral calculus; 5. Complex numbers and hyperbolic functions; 6. Series and limits; 7. Partial differentiation; 8. Multiple integrals; 9. Vector algebra; 10. Matrices and vector spaces; 11. Vector calculus; 12. Line, surface and volume integrals; 13. Laplace transforms; 14. Ordinary differential equations; 15. Elementary probability; Appendices; Index.

The Computer in the School: Tutor, Tool, Tutee.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Taylor, Robert, Ed.

Nineteen essays by five pioneers in the field of computers in education are presented in this volume. The essays provide a foundation for understanding the basic issues involved in using computers in schools, the teacher's role in helping the student make full use of computing, and the general limitations of computer use. A framework is presented…

76 FR 20721 - Notice of Permit Applications Received Under the Antarctic Conservation Act of 1978 (Pub. L. 95-541)

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-13

... Conservation Act of 1978 (Pub. L. 95-541) AGENCY: National Science Foundation. ACTION: Notice of permit... physiology of penguins in at least two ways. First, the respiratory oxygen store is estimated to comprise one... volume is a potential mechanism for prevention of pulmonary barotrauma (``lung squeeze''). Yet the...

Communicative Alternatives to Challenging Behavior: Integrating Functional Assessment and Intervention Strategies. Volume 3. Communication and Language Intervention Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reichle, Joe, Ed.; Wacker, David P., Ed.

Emphasizing the use of communication training as the foundation for effective behavioral programming, this book explains how challenging behavior can be redirected into socially acceptable behavior through functional communication intervention. The book offers hands-on assessment and intervention strategies that can be used in school, home, work,…

Student Solution Manual for Foundation Mathematics for the Physical Sciences

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Riley, K. F.; Hobson, M. P.

2011-03-01

1. Arithmetic and geometry; 2. Preliminary algebra; 3. Differential calculus; 4. Integral calculus; 5. Complex numbers and hyperbolic functions; 6. Series and limits; 7. Partial differentiation; 8. Multiple integrals; 9. Vector algebra; 10. Matrices and vector spaces; 11. Vector calculus; 12. Line, surface and volume integrals; 13. Laplace transforms; 14. Ordinary differential equations; 15. Elementary probability; Appendix.

Critical Theory and Educational Practice. ESA 841, Theory and Practice in Educational Administration.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Giroux, Henry

The introductory essay in this volume argues for the importance of the original critical theory developed by the Frankfurt school (The Institute for Social Research in Frankfurt, Germany) in developing a critical foundation for a neo-Marxist theory of radical pedagogy. Accordingly, it begins by defining the aims of the Frankfurt school and then…

Opportunities in ESSA for Improving Early Education. Education Leaders Report. Volume 2, No. 3

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dichter, Harriet

2016-01-01

For the first time, the nation's most important federal education law, the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA), prominently features early childhood education. State and local leaders now have ample flexibility and opportunity to focus on early education as a foundational element of ESSA while advancing their state's vision and goals for early…

Listening and Learning: Community Indicator Profiles of Knight Foundation Communities and the Nation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

John S. and James L. Knight Foundation, Miami, FL.

This volume presents information from a social indicators project designed to shed light on factors affecting civic health in twenty-six communities where John S. and James L. Knight published newspapers and provided grants to improve quality of life. Seven chapters discuss research results: (1) "Listening and Learning" (e.g., growth of…

Preface: The aging eye: normal changes, age-related diseases and sight-saving approaches

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

This volume presents chapters based on a workshop held on June 14-16, 2013 in Rancho Palos Verde, CA sponsored by the Ocular Research Symposia Foundation (ORSF). The mission of the ORSF is to focus attention on unmet needs and current research opportunities in eye research with the objective of acce...

Cooperative Science: A National Study of University and Industry Researchers. Case Studies. Volume II.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Johnson, Elmima C.; And Others

This report presents nine case studies of Industry/University Cooperative Research (IUCR) projects supported during 1978-1980 by the National Science Foundation. The intent of this document is to provide readers with a qualitative picture of cooperative science as practiced under the IUCR program. The information presented in this report is…

A Review of the Major Current Reports on Secondary Education. Urban Diversity Series Number 88.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Passow, A. Harry

This volume summarizes the reports of the following commissions and study groups on secondary school reform: (1) National Commission on Excellence in Education ("A Nation at Risk: The Imperative for Educational Reform"); (2) Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching ("High School: A Report on Secondary Education in America," by Ernest…

Mission Analysis Program for Solar Electric Propulsion (MAPSEP). Volume 3: Program manual for earth orbital MAPSEP

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1975-01-01

A revised user's manual for the computer program MAPSEP is presented. Major changes from the interplanetary version of MAPSEP are summarized. The changes are intended to provide a basic capability to analyze anticipated solar electric missions, and a foundation for future more complex, modifications. For Vol. III, N75-16589.

A Pictorial History of the Code 717 Unmanned Systems Group: Air, Land, and Sea. Volume 1: 1970-1999

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-04-28

requirements. 54 a) b) Figure 67. a) Site preparation for Building 585 began with demolition of the foundation for the oil -well derrick...Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics (ICINCO). 28–31 July, Rome, Italy. Pransky, J. 1997

Validation of Proposed Metrics for Two-Body Abrasion Scratch Test Analysis Standards

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kobrick, Ryan L.; Klaus, David M.; Street, Kenneth W., Jr.

2011-01-01

The objective of this work was to evaluate a set of standardized metrics proposed for characterizing a surface that has been scratched from a two-body abrasion test. This is achieved by defining a new abrasion region termed Zone of Interaction (ZOI). The ZOI describes the full surface profile of all peaks and valleys, rather than just measuring a scratch width as currently defined by the ASTM G 171 Standard. The ZOI has been found to be at least twice the size of a standard width measurement, in some cases considerably greater, indicating that at least half of the disturbed surface area would be neglected without this insight. The ZOI is used to calculate a more robust data set of volume measurements that can be used to computationally reconstruct a resultant profile for detailed analysis. Documenting additional changes to various surface roughness parameters also allows key material attributes of importance to ultimate design applications to be quantified, such as depth of penetration and final abraded surface roughness. Data are presented to show that different combinations of scratch tips and abraded materials can actually yield the same scratch width, but result in different volume displacement or removal measurements and therefore, the ZOI method is more discriminating than the ASTM method scratch width. Furthermore, by investigating the use of custom scratch tips for our specific needs, the usefulness of having an abrasion metric that can measure the displaced volume in this standardized manner, and not just by scratch width alone, is reinforced. This benefit is made apparent when a tip creates an intricate contour having multiple peaks and valleys within a single scratch. This work lays the foundation for updating scratch measurement standards to improve modeling and characterization of three-body abrasion test results.

FAST, Foundational Approaches in Science Teaching. Instructional Guide. Second Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Young, Donald B.; Pottenger, Francis M., III

The Foundational Approaches in Science Teaching (FAST) project, which began under the sponsorship of the Hawaii Science Curriculum Council, contains a series of interdisciplinary science courses that emphasize the foundational concepts and methods of the physical, biological, and earth sciences. By directly involving students in investigating…

Teaching Complicated Conceptual Knowledge with Simulation Videos in Foundational Electrical Engineering Courses

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chen, Baiyun; Wei, Lei; Li, Huihui

2016-01-01

Building a solid foundation of conceptual knowledge is critical for students in electrical engineering. This mixed-method case study explores the use of simulation videos to illustrate complicated conceptual knowledge in foundational communications and signal processing courses. Students found these videos to be very useful for establishing…

Evaluating the extent of cell death in 3D high frequency ultrasound by registration with whole-mount tumor histopathology

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Vlad, Roxana M.; Kolios, Michael C.; Moseley, Joanne L.

Purpose: High frequency ultrasound imaging, 10-30 MHz, has the capability to assess tumor response to radiotherapy in mouse tumors as early as 24 h after treatment administration. The advantage of this technique is that the image contrast is generated by changes in the physical properties of dying cells. Therefore, a subject can be imaged before and multiple times during the treatment without the requirement of injecting specialized contrast agents. This study is motivated by a need to provide metrics of comparison between the volume and localization of cell death, assessed from histology, with the volume and localization of cell deathmore » surrogate, assessed as regions with increased echogeneity from ultrasound images. Methods: The mice were exposed to radiation doses of 2, 4, and 8 Gy. Ultrasound images were collected from each tumor before and 24 h after exposure to radiation using a broadband 25 MHz center frequency transducer. After radiotherapy, tumors exhibited hyperechoic regions in ultrasound images that corresponded to areas of cell death in histology. The ultrasound and histological images were rigidly registered. The tumors and regions of cell death were manually outlined on histological images. Similarly, the tumors and hyperechoic regions were outlined on the ultrasound images. Each set of contours was converted to a volumetric mesh in order to compare the volumes and the localization of cell death in histological and ultrasound images. Results: A shrinkage factor of 17{+-}2% was calculated from the difference in the tumor volumes evaluated from histological and ultrasound images. This was used to correct the tumor and cell death volumes assessed from histology. After this correction, the average absolute difference between the volume of cell death assessed from ultrasound and histological images was 11{+-}14% and the volume overlap was 70{+-}12%. Conclusions: The method provided metrics of comparison between the volume of cell death assessed from histology and that assessed from ultrasound images. It was applied here to evaluate the capability of ultrasound imaging to assess early tumor response to radiotherapy in mouse tumors. Similarly, it can be applied in the future to evaluate the capability of ultrasound imaging to assess early tumor response to other modalities of cancer treatment. The study contributes to an understanding of the capabilities and limitation of ultrasound imaging at noninvasively detecting cell death. This provides a foundation for future developments regarding the use of ultrasound in preclinical and clinical applications to adapt treatments based on tumor response to cancer therapy.« less

SU-F-R-34: Quantitative Perfusion Measurement in Rectal Cancer Using Three Different Pharmacokinetic Models: Implications for Prospective Study Design

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nie, K; Yue, N; Jabbour, S

Purpose: To compare three different pharmacokinetic models for analysis of dynamic-contrast-enhanced (DCE)-CT data with respect to different acquisition times and location of region of interest. Methods: Eight rectal cancer patients with pre-treatment DCE-CTs were included. The dynamic sequence started 4–10seconds(s) after the injection of contrast agent. The scan included a 110s acquisition with intervals of 40×1s+15×3s+4×6s. An experienced oncologist outlined the tumor region. Hotspots with top-5%-enhancement were also identified. Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using three different models: deconvolution method, Patlak model, and modified Toft’s model. Perfusion parameters as blood flow (BF), blood volume (BV), mean transit time (MTT), permeability-surface-area-product (PS),more » volume transfer constant (Ktrans), and flux rate constant (Kep), were compared with respect to different acquisition times of 45s, 65s, 85s and 105s. Both hotspot and whole-volume variances were also assessed. The differences were compared using the Wilcoxon matched-pairs test and Bland-Altman plots. Results: Moderate correlation was observed for various perfusion parameters (r=0.56–0.72, p<0.0001) but the Wilcoxon test revealed a significant difference among the three models (P < .001). Significant differences in PS were noted between acquisitions of 45s versus longer time of 85s or 105s (p<0.05) using Patlak but not with the deconvolution method. In addition, measurements varied substantially between whole-volume vs. hotspot analysis. Conclusion: The radiation dose of DCE-CT was on average 1.5 times of an abdomen/pelvic CT, which is not insubstantial. To take the DCE-CT forward as a biomarker in oncology, prospective studies should be carefully designed with the optimal image acquisition and analysis technique. Our study suggested that: (1) different kinetic models are not interchangeable; (2) a 45s acquisition might not be sufficient for reliable permeability measurement in rectal cancer using Patlak model, but might be achievable using deconvolution method; and (3) local variations existed inside the tumor, and both whole-volume-averaged and local-heterogeneity analysis is recommended for future quantitative studies. This work is supported by the National High-tech R&D program for Young Scientists by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant No. 2015AA020917), Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC Grant No. 81201091).« less

SU-C-303-03: Dosimetric Model of the Beagle Needed for Pre-Clinical Testing of Radiopharmaceuticals

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shang, M; Sands, M; Bolch, W

2015-06-15

Purpose: Large animal models, most popularly beagles, have been crucial surrogates to humans in determining radiation safety levels of radiopharmaceuticals. This study aims to develop a detailed beagle phantom to accurately approximate organ absorbed doses for therapy nuclear medicine preclinical studies. Methods: A 3D NURBS model was created subordinate to a whole body CT of an adult beagle. Bones were harvested and CT imaged to offer macroscopic skeletal detail. Samples of trabecular spongiosa were cored and imaged to offer microscopic skeletal detail for bone trabeculae and marrow volume fractions. Results: Organ masses in the model are typical of an adultmore » beagle. Trends in volume fractions for skeletal dosimetry are fundamentally similar to those found in existing models of other canine species. Conclusion: This work warrants its use in further investigations of radiation transport calculation for electron and photon dosimetry. This model accurately represents the anatomy of a beagle, and can be directly translated into a useable geometry for a voxel-based Monte Carlo radiation transport program such as MCNP6. Work supported by a grant from the Hyundai Hope on Wheels Foundation for Pediatric Cancer Research.« less

Theology and bioethics: a marriage not made in heaven.

PubMed

Boone, C Keith

1986-10-01

Boone reviews the 20th volume in the Philosophy and medicine series, Theology and Bioethics: Exploring the Foundations and Frontiers, edited by Earl E. Shelp (D. Reidel; 1985). The volume's theme, if and how "theology can make a unique contribution to bioethics in our time," is addressed by L. Walters, B. Mitchell, R. McCormick, M. Farley, P. Lehmann, C. Hartshorne, H.T. Engelhardt, S. Hauerwas, J. Childress, and W. Frankena, with a prologue by J. Nelson and an epilogue by J. Cobb. Boone briefly summarizes and critiques each essay. While he responds favorably to the volume, he also believes the work would have been stronger if more attention had been focused directly on the metaethical issues arising from the "gap between theological belief and moral action."

Mathematical modeling of fluid-electrolyte alterations during weightlessness

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Leonard, J. I.

1984-01-01

Fluid electrolyte metabolism and renal endocrine control as it pertains to adaptation to weightlessness were studied. The mathematical models that have been particularly useful are discussed. However, the focus of the report is on the physiological meaning of the computer studies. A discussion of the major ground based analogs of weightlessness are included; for example, head down tilt, water immersion, and bed rest, and a comparison of findings. Several important zero g phenomena are described, including acute fluid volume regulation, blood volume regulation, circulatory changes, longer term fluid electrolyte adaptations, hormonal regulation, and body composition changes. Hypotheses are offered to explain the major findings in each area and these are integrated into a larger hypothesis of space flight adaptation. A conceptual foundation for fluid electrolyte metabolism, blood volume regulation, and cardiovascular regulation is reported.

Earth Observations and the Role of UAVs: A Capabilities Assessment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cox, Timothy H.

2006-01-01

This three-volume document, based on the draft document located on the website given on page 6, presents the findings of a NASA-led capabilities assessment of Uninhabited Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) for civil (defined as non-DoD) use in Earth observations. Volume 1 is the report that presents the overall assessment and summarizes the data. The second volume contains the appendices and references to address the technologies and capabilities required for viable UAV missions. The third volume is the living portion of this effort and contains the outputs from each of the Technology Working Groups (TWGs) along with the reviews conducted by the Universities Space Research Association (USRA). The focus of this report, intended to complement the Office of the Secretary of Defense UAV Roadmap, is four-fold: 1) To determine and document desired future Earth observation missions for all UAVs based on user-defined needs; 2) To determine and document the technologies necessary to support those missions; 3) To discuss the present state of the art platform capabilities and required technologies, including identifying those in progress, those planned, and those for which no current plans exist; 4) Provide the foundations for development of a comprehensive civil UAV roadmap. It is expected that the content of this report will be updated periodically and used to assess the feasibility of future missions. In addition, this report will provide the foundation to help influence funding decisions to develop those technologies that are considered enabling or necessary but are not contained within approved funding plans. This document is written such that each section will be supported by an Appendix that will give the reader a more detailed discussion of that section's topical materials.

TU-H-CAMPUS-JeP2-01: Inter-Observer Delineation Comparison of Visible Glandular Breast Tissue On Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography (prone and Supine)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pogson, EM; University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW; Liverpool and Macarthur Cancer Therapy Centres, Liverpool, NSW

2016-06-15

Purpose: Breast cancers predominantly arise from Glandular Breast Tissue (GBT). If the GBT can be treated effectively post-operatively utilising radiotherapy this may be adequate volumetric coverage for adjuvant breast radiotherapy. Adequate imaging of the GBT is necessary and will be assessed between MRI and CT modalities. GBT visualisation is acknowledged to be qualitatively superior on Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI) compared to Computed Tomography (CT), the current radiotherapy imaging standard, however this has not been quantitatively assessed. For radiotherapy purposes it is important that any treatment volume can be consistently defined between observers. This study investigates the consistency of CT andmore » MRI GBT contours for potential radiotherapy planning. Methods: Ten experts (9 breast radiation oncologists and 1 radiologist) contoured the extent of the visible GBT for 33 patients on MRI and CT (both without contrast), which was performed according to a contouring guideline in supine and prone patient positions. The GBT volume was not a conventional whole breast radiotherapy planning volume, but rather the extent of GBT that was indicated from the CT or MR imaging. Volumes were compared utilizing the dice similarity coefficient (DSC), kappa statistic, and Hausdorff Distances (HDs) to ascertain the modality that was most consistently volumed. Results: The inter-observer concordance was of substantial agreement (kappa above 0.6) for the CT supine, CT prone, MRI supine and MRI prone datasets. The MRI GBT volumes were larger than the CT GBT volumes (p<0.001). Inter-observer conformity was higher for CT than MRI, although the magnitude of this difference was small (VOI<0.04). Conformity between modalities (CT and MRI) was in agreement for both prone and supine, DSC=0.75. Prone GBT volumes were larger than supine for both MRI and CT. Conclusion: MRI improves the extent of GBT delineation. The role of MRI guided, GBT-targeted radiotherapy requires investigation in a clinical trial. This work was supported by a grant number APP1033237 from Cancer Australia and the National Breast Cancer Foundation.« less

Dynamic response of porous functionally graded material nanobeams subjected to moving nanoparticle based on nonlocal strain gradient theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Barati, Mohammad Reza

2017-11-01

Up to now, nonlocal strain gradient theory (NSGT) is broadly applied to examine free vibration, static bending and buckling of nanobeams. This theory captures nonlocal stress field effects together with the microstructure-dependent strain gradient effects. In this study, forced vibrations of NSGT nanobeams on elastic substrate subjected to moving loads are examined. The nanobeam is made of functionally graded material (FGM) with even and uneven porosity distributions inside the material structure. The graded material properties with porosities are described by a modified power-law model. Dynamic deflection of the nanobeam is obtained via Galerkin and inverse Laplace transform methods. The importance of nonlocal parameter, strain gradient parameter, moving load velocity, porosity volume fraction, type of porosity distribution and elastic foundation on forced vibration behavior of nanobeams are discussed.

Theoretical and computational foundations of management class simulation

Treesearch

Denie Gerold

1978-01-01

Investigations on complicated, complex, and not well-ordered systems are possible only with the aid of mathematical methods and electronic data processing. Simulation as a method of operations research is particularly suitable for this purpose. Theoretical and computational foundations of management class simulation must be integrated into the planning systems of...

Configuration optimization of laser guide stars and wavefront correctors for multi-conjugation adaptive optics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xuan, Li; He, Bin; Hu, Li-Fa; Li, Da-Yu; Xu, Huan-Yu; Zhang, Xing-Yun; Wang, Shao-Xin; Wang, Yu-Kun; Yang, Cheng-Liang; Cao, Zhao-Liang; Mu, Quan-Quan; Lu, Xing-Hai

2016-09-01

Multi-conjugation adaptive optics (MCAOs) have been investigated and used in the large aperture optical telescopes for high-resolution imaging with large field of view (FOV). The atmospheric tomographic phase reconstruction and projection of three-dimensional turbulence volume onto wavefront correctors, such as deformable mirrors (DMs) or liquid crystal wavefront correctors (LCWCs), is a very important step in the data processing of an MCAO’s controller. In this paper, a method according to the wavefront reconstruction performance of MCAO is presented to evaluate the optimized configuration of multi laser guide stars (LGSs) and the reasonable conjugation heights of LCWCs. Analytical formulations are derived for the different configurations and are used to generate optimized parameters for MCAO. Several examples are given to demonstrate our LGSs configuration optimization method. Compared with traditional methods, our method has minimum wavefront tomographic error, which will be helpful to get higher imaging resolution at large FOV in MCAO. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11174274, 11174279, 61205021, 11204299, 61475152, and 61405194) and the State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

The Volume of Earth's Lakes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cael, B. B.

How much water do lakes on Earth hold? Global lake volume estimates are scarce, highly variable, and poorly documented. We develop a mechanistic null model for estimating global lake mean depth and volume based on a statistical topographic approach to Earth's surface. The volume-area scaling prediction is accurate and consistent within and across lake datasets spanning diverse regions. We applied these relationships to a global lake area census to estimate global lake volume and depth. The volume of Earth's lakes is 199,000 km3 (95% confidence interval 196,000-202,000 km3) . This volume is in the range of historical estimates (166,000-280,000 km3) , but the overall mean depth of 41.8 m (95% CI 41.2-42.4 m) is significantly lower than previous estimates (62 - 151 m). These results highlight and constrain the relative scarcity of lake waters in the hydrosphere and have implications for the role of lakes in global biogeochemical cycles. We also evaluate the size (area) distribution of lakes on Earth compared to expectations from percolation theory. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program under Grant No. 2388357.

The UK Academic Foundation Programmes: are the objectives being met?

PubMed

Ologunde, R; Sismey, G; Kelley, T

2018-03-01

Background Since the Academic Foundation Programme was established in the UK in 2005 a number of trainees have participated in this programme; however, there are few published national data on the experiences of these academic trainees. We aimed to assess the perceived value and challenges of training on the AFP. Methods In March 2017, an anonymous electronic questionnaire was distributed to all Academic Foundation Programme trainees in the UK, via their local foundation school administrators. Fifty-six respondents completed the survey from 9 out of the 15 Academic Units of Application. Of these, 82% were undertaking a research based Academic Foundation Programme; however, 41% reported not having access to any training on research methods and governance. Sixty-six percent reported they were aware of the aims and expected outcomes of the Academic Foundation Programme, but the self-reported achievement of academic compendium outcomes was relatively low. Sixty-three percent rated the quality of their experience on the Academic Foundation Programme as excellent or good and 75% reported that they intended to continue in academia. Most trainees (64%) reported that the completion of a postgraduate qualification as part of their Academic Foundation Programme would improve the programme. Conclusion The Academic Foundation Programme plays a valuable role in trainees' development and preparing them for a career in academia. However, the objectives of the programme are currently not being uniformly achieved. Furthermore, trainees feel there remains room for improvement in the design of the programme.

An overview of thermoelectric films: Fabrication techniques, classification, and regulation methods

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Feng, Jing-jing; Zhu, Wei; Deng, Yuan

2018-04-01

Not Available Project supported by the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. U1601213), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51601005 and 61704006), the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. 2182032), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.

History of Vocational Education and Training in Europe: Cases, Concepts and Challenges. Studies in Vocational and Continuing Education. Volume 14

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Berner, Esther, Ed.; Gonon, Philipp, Ed.

2016-01-01

Understanding today's Vocational Education and Training (VET) systems requires a comprehension of the rise and development, i.e. of the foundations of topical VET. This book provides a comparative view of its development in Europe. The contributions of renowned authors give insight into conceptual questions, cases, and challenges in this field.

A Study of NSF Teacher Enhancement Program (TEP) Participants and Principal Investigators: 1984-1989. Volume I: Summary Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Abt Associates, Inc., Cambridge, MA.

The National Science Foundation (NSF) supported more than 600 inservice teacher training programs between 1984 and 1989 under its Teacher Enhancement Program (TEP). Two studies were undertaken of TEP: the first was a survey of the 600 Principal Investigators (PIs) who had operated inservice teacher enhancement projects and the second, a survey of…

Teaching Military History--Why and How: A History Institute for Teachers. Footnotes. Volume 12, Number 23

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kuehner, Trudy

2007-01-01

On September 29-30, 2007, FPRI's Marvin Wachman Fund for International Education presented a weekend of discussion on "Teaching Military History: Why and How" for 35 teachers from 22 states across the country. The institute was held at the First Division Museum in Wheaton, Illinois and co-sponsored by the Cantigny First Division Foundation.…

Research Opportunities in Information Science and Technology: Cognitive Aspects of Information Science, Information Technology, and Economics of Information.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Science Foundation. Washington, DC. Div. of Information Science and Technology.

This volume contains the reports of three working groups which were convened separately over a 3-year period at the request of the Advisory Committee for the Division of Information Science and Technology of the National Science Foundation to obtain the opinion of experts concerning research opportunities and trends in information science and…

Military Review. Volume 83, Number 2, March-April 2003

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-04-01

from political decisions, discriminatory policies, food shortages, disruption of agriculture, droughts, floods, inflation, and lack of finances ...Union. More than 30,000 HAOs are at work in the world today. HAOs are financed by private individual or group donations, foundation grants, and...munications to the U.S. public, finances , management practice, human resources, program, public policy, and implementation.14 Another coordi- nating

Social Capital and Poor Communities. A Volume in the Ford Foundation Series on Asset Building.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Saegert, Susan, Ed.; Thompson, J. Phillip, Ed.; Warren, Mark R., Ed.

This collection of papers shows the significant achievements that can be made through collective strategies that empower the poor to become active partners in revitalizing their neighborhoods. The 12 chapters are: (1) "The Role of Social Capital in Combating Poverty" (Mark R. Warren, J. Phillip Thompson, and Susan Saegert); (2) "Social Capital and…

Telecommunications Research in the United States and Selected Foreign Countries: A Preliminary Survey. Volume II, Individual Contributions.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Academy of Engineering, Washington, DC. Committee on Telecommunications.

At the request of the National Science Foundation, the Panel on Telecommunications Research of the Committee on Telecommunications of the National Academy of Engineering has made a preliminary survey of the status and trends of telecommunications research in the United States and selected foreign countries. The status and trends were identified by…

Book Publishing in Asia; Report on the Regional Seminar on Book Publishing (Singapore, 21-25 March 1969).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Franklin Book Programs, Inc., New York, NY.

The papers presented at a conference of book publishers from Asia, Canada and the United States are contained in this volume. The topics were: The Asian publisher: his problems and opportunities; The economic foundations of book publishing; The book in the context of nation-building; Publishing books for children; Publishing textbooks for…

Hours of Opportunity, Volume 2: The Power of Data to Improve After-School Programs Citywide. Monograph

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McCombs, Jennifer Sloan; Orr, Nate; Bodilly, Susan J.; Naftel, Scott; Constant, Louay; Scherer, Ethan; Gershwin, Daniel

2010-01-01

High-quality out-of-school-time (OST) programs have a positive effect on youth development, but many cities have found it difficult to address the challenges of expanding and improving the quality of programs offered to underserved and high-need students. In response, The Wallace Foundation sponsored an initiative to help five cities increase…

Organization Domain Modeling. Volume 1. Conceptual Foundations, Process and Workproduct Description

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-07-31

J.A. Hess, W.E. Novak, and A.S. Peterson. Feature-Oriented Domain Analysis ( FODA ) Feasibility Study. Technical Report CMU/SEI-90-TR-21, Software...domain analysis (DA) and modeling, including a structured set of workproducts, a tailorable process model and a set of modeling techniques and guidelines...23 5.3.1 U sability Analysis (Rescoping) ..................................................... 24

Family Policy and Practice in Early Child Care. Advances in Early Education and Day Care.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reifel, Stuart, Ed.; Dunst, Carl J., Ed.; Wolery, Mark, Ed.

Family issues are an abiding concern for members of the profession of early education, and debate regarding government policies about families and child care continues to be timely. This volume provides a foundation for understanding programs, families, and the current social context, as well as particular areas of concern for families and child…

International Perspectives on Affirmative Action. A Bellagio Conference (Lake Como, Italy, August 16-20, 1982).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rockefeller Foundation, New York, NY.

This volume presents nine papers read at a conference on affirmative action, sponsored by the Rockefeller Foundation and held at Columbia University in August 1982; a preface, summary paper, and list of participants are also included. Each paper addresses the issue of affirmative action within a different country and describes: (1) the policies…

Teaching the foundational principles of rehabilitation psychology.

PubMed

Stiers, William

2016-02-01

Wright (1983) described 20 "value-laden beliefs and principles" that form the foundational principles of rehabilitation psychology, and the education and training of rehabilitation psychologists necessitates that they acquire the specialty-specific knowledge and attitudes/values related to these principles. This article addresses 2 questions about how these principles can be taught in rehabilitation psychology training: (a) What are the core theories and evidence supporting these foundational principles, and what should be the content of a "core curriculum" for teaching these?; and (b) What is known about the most effective methods for teaching these foundational principles, including questions of how to teach values? The foundational principles were grouped into 3 categories: individual psychological processes, social psychological processes, and values related to social integration. A literature review was conducted in these 3 categories, and the results are summarized and discussed. A core curriculum is discussed for teaching about disability-specific individual psychological processes, social psychological processes, and values related to social integration, including methods to reduce group prejudice and promote values relevant to the foundational principles. Specific suggestions for training program content and methods are provided. It is hoped that effective teaching of Wright's (1983) value-laden beliefs and principles will help rehabilitation psychology trainers and trainees focus on the key knowledge and attitude-value competencies that are to be acquired in training. (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved).

Semi-analytical method of calculating the electrostatic interaction of colloidal solutions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tian, Hongqing; Lian, Zengju

2017-01-01

Not Available Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11304169), the Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo City, China (Grant No. 2012A610178), the Open Foundation of the Most Important Subjects of Zhejiang Province, China (Grant No. xkzwl1505), and K. C. Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University of China.

Development of a Rating Form to Evaluate Grant Applications to the Hogg Foundation for Mental Health

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Whaley, Arthur L.; Rodriguez, Reymundo; Alexander, Laurel A.

2006-01-01

Reliance on subjective grant proposal review methods leads private philanthropies to underfund mental health programs, even when foundations have mental health focuses. This article describes a private mental health foundation's efforts to increase the objectivity of its proposal review process by developing a reliable, valid proposal rating form.…

Slab edge insulating form system and methods

DOEpatents

Lee, Brain E [Corral de Tierra, CA; Barsun, Stephan K [Davis, CA; Bourne, Richard C [Davis, CA; Hoeschele, Marc A [Davis, CA; Springer, David A [Winters, CA

2009-10-06

A method of forming an insulated concrete foundation is provided comprising constructing a foundation frame, the frame comprising an insulating form having an opening, inserting a pocket former into the opening; placing concrete inside the foundation frame; and removing the pocket former after the placed concrete has set, wherein the concrete forms a pocket in the placed concrete that is accessible through the opening. The method may further comprise sealing the opening by placing a sealing plug or sealing material in the opening. A system for forming an insulated concrete foundation is provided comprising a plurality of interconnected insulating forms, the insulating forms having a rigid outer member protecting and encasing an insulating material, and at least one gripping lip extending outwardly from the outer member to provide a pest barrier. At least one insulating form has an opening into which a removable pocket former is inserted. The system may also provide a tension anchor positioned in the pocket former and a tendon connected to the tension anchor.

The evolving role of hyaluronic acid fillers for facial volume restoration and contouring: a Canadian overview

PubMed Central

Muhn, Channy; Rosen, Nathan; Solish, Nowell; Bertucci, Vince; Lupin, Mark; Dansereau, Alain; Weksberg, Fred; Remington, B Kent; Swift, Arthur

2012-01-01

Recent advancements, including more versatile facial fillers, refined injection techniques and the adoption of a global facial approach, have contributed to improved patient outcome and increased patient satisfaction. Nine Canadian specialists (eight dermatologists, one plastic surgeon) collaborated to develop an overview on volume restoration and contouring based on published literature and their collective clinical experience. The specialists concurred that optimal results in volume restoration and contouring depend on correcting deficiencies at various layers of the facial envelope. This includes creating a foundation for deep structural support in the supraperiosteal or submuscular plane; volume repletion of subcutaneous fat compartments; and the reestablishment of dermal and subdermal support to minimize cutaneous rhytids, grooves and furrows. It was also agreed that volume restoration and contouring using a global facial approach is essential to create a natural, youthful appearance in facial aesthetics. A comprehensive non-surgical approach should therefore incorporate combining fillers such as high-viscosity, low-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid (LMWHA) for structural support and hyaluronic acid (HA) for lines, grooves and furrows with neuromodulators, lasers and energy devices. PMID:23071398

Academic Medicine and Medical Professionalism: A Legacy and a Portal Into An Evolving Field of Educational Scholarship.

PubMed

Hafferty, Frederic W

2017-09-05

In this Invited Commentary, the author examines two curated Academic Medicine volumes showcasing foundational research and key writings on professionalism in medicine and medical education, collectively spanning from 1994 to 2016. The author reviews the beginnings of the medical professionalism movement and examines how the trends and themes reflected in the first volume-specifically the work to define, assess, and institutionalize professionalism-capture key elements in this movement. He then examines how the trends and themes in the second volume align with and build on those from the first, noting two themes that extend across a number of second volume articles: a unit-of-analysis issue and the challenge of context. The author identifies several topics that have yet to be adequately mined and calls attention to two bridge-spanning articles in the second volume that, respectively, take us into the future (around the topic of identify formation) and back to the past (on the hidden curriculum). Finally, the author reflects on "directions home" in medicine's noble search for its moral core and collective identity.

SU-E-J-48: Development of An Abdominal Compression Device for Respiratory Correlated Radiation Therapy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kim, T; Kang, S; Kim, D

Purpose: The aim of this study is to develop the abdominal compression device which could control pressure level according to the abdominal respiratory motion and evaluate its feasibility. Methods: In this study, we focused on developing the abdominal compression device which could control pressure level at any point of time so the developed device is possible to use a variety of purpose (gating technique or respiratory training system) while maintaining the merit of the existing commercial device. The compression device (air pad form) was designed to be able to compress the front and side of abdomen and the pressure levelmore » of the abdomen is controlled by air flow. Pressure level of abdomen (air flow) was determined using correlation data between external abdominal motion and respiratory volume signal measured by spirometer. In order to verify the feasibility of the device, it was necessary to confirm the correlation between the abdominal respiratory motion and respiratory volume signal and cooperation with respiratory training system also checked. Results: In the previous study, we could find that the correlation coefficient ratio between diaphragm and respiratory volume signal measured by spirometer was 0.95. In this study, we confirmed the correlation between the respiratory volume signal and the external abdominal motion measured by belt-transducer (correlation coefficient ratio was 0.92) and used the correlated respiratory volume data as an abdominal pressure level. It was possible to control the pressure level with negligible time delay and respiratory volume data based guiding waveforms could be properly inserted into the respiratory training system. Conclusion: Through this feasibility study, we confirmed the correlation between the respiratory volume signal and the external abdominal motion. Also initial assessment of the device and its compatibility with the respiratory training system were verified. Further study on application in respiratory gated therapy and respiratory training system will be investigated. This work was supported by Radiation Technology R and D program (No. 2013M2A2A7043498)and Basic Atomic Energy Research Institute (BAERI)(No. NRF-2009-0078390) through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning.« less

Implementing a Service Learning Model for Teaching Research Methods and Program Evaluation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shannon, Patrick; Kim, Wooksoo; Robinson, Adjoa

2012-01-01

In an effort to teach students the basic knowledge of research methods and the realities of conducting research in the context of agencies in the community, faculty developed and implemented a service learning model for teaching research and program evaluation to foundation-year MSW students. A year-long foundation course was designed in which one…

Understanding Skill in EVA Mass Handling. Volume 2; Empirical Investigation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Riccio, Gary; McDonald, Vernon; Peters, Brian; Layne, Charles; Bloomberg, Jacob

1997-01-01

In this report we describe the details of our empirical protocol effort investigating skill in extravehicular mass handling using NASA's principal mass handling simulator, the precision air bearing floor. Contents of this report include a description of the necessary modifications to the mass handling simulator; choice of task, and the description of an operationally relevant protocol. Our independent variables are presented in the context of the specific operational issues they were designed to simulate. The explanation of our dependent variables focuses on the specific data processing procedures used to transform data from common laboratory instruments into measures that are relevant to a special class of nested control systems (discussed in Volume 1): manual interactions between an individual and the substantial environment. The data reduction is explained in the context of the theoretical foundation described in Volume 1. Finally as a preface to the presentation of the empirical data in Volume 3 of this report series, a set of detailed hypotheses is presented.

[Evaluation of the German Research Foundation's (GRF) »Clinical Trials Academy for Junior Researchers« - publications and funding profiles].

PubMed

Dahmen, Levka; Krummenauer, Frank

2016-11-01

Background | The »Clinical Trials Academy for Junior Researchers« is a strategic funding instrument of the German Research Foundation (GRF). In clinical research, this program responds to an increasing lack of qualified clinician scientists. Application for participation in the workshop is based on a self-proposed academy project; participants can furthermore apply for a GRF grant to implement this academy project. This evaluation should quantify publication and third-party-funding profiles after participation in one of the previous GRF junior researchers workshops on clinical trials. Methods | Participants of all four GRF workshops were addressed by a standardized questionnaire to consider the project related number of publications and the cumulative impact factor, as well as the cumulative project-related consequential third-party-funding. Results | 64 of 92 former participants took part in the survey. From 41 implemented projects, 32 were granted with initial financial support by the GRF. 27 publications with a cumulative impact factor of 130 impact factor points (IP) were published by 13 authors. Of the 21 persons who submitted a grant application for subsequent third-party-funding a cumulative total grant volume of 5 223 000 € was reported by 13 participants. Conclusion | Although only 13 out of 64 participants reported impact publications or third-party-funding, respectively, these junior researchers' output can be considered encouraging. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

A Community of Disagreement: Feminism in the University. Counterpoints: Studies in the Postmodern Theory of Education, Volume 431

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bouchard, Danielle

2012-01-01

As academic feminism has critiqued the often-violent inscriptions of institutionality, it has also produced a narrative of its role in the university fraught with difficulties of its own. The understanding of difference--as an object to be agreed upon and as the foundation for a diversity model of inclusion--that has emerged as the defining…

Pre-K-12 Literacy: State of the Nation. The Progress of Education Reform. Volume 12, Number 6

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Education Commission of the States (NJ3), 2011

2011-01-01

It is true--reading is fundamental. Research and statistics underscore the fact that the foundations for literacy are laid in the earliest years of life and have implications for a child's educational arc and post-schooling outcomes. Literacy development is a cause-and-effect chain that starts at birth. Early language and literacy development,…

Pathfinder. Volume 9, Number 1, January/February 2011

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-02-01

that users can access global foundation, imagery, product and activity layers online whenever and wherever they need to, much the way we access data...Professional Development Strengthening mission performance starts with an expert, diverse and collaborative global work force that rapidly shifts and...universities. The RAND study addressed two broad ques- tions: How future global development and trends result in new operational demands being placed on

Federal Expenditures on Children: What Budget Policy Means for Children's Policy. Social Policy Report. Volume 29, Number 1

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hahn, Heather

2015-01-01

How do children fare in the federal budget? Investments in children's health, education, and overall well-being pay high dividends for taxpayers and the economy as a whole. Without adequately funded education, nutrition, housing, early education and care, and other basic supports, the foundation of children's well-being is at risk. This report 1)…

Teaching the History of Innovation: A History Institute for Teachers. Footnotes. Volume 13, Number 26

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kuehner, Trudy

2008-01-01

On October 18-19, 2008, FPRI's Wachman Center hosted 40 teachers from 21 states across the country for a weekend of discussion on teaching the history of innovation. The Institute was hosted by the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation. In his opening remarks, Walter A. McDougall noted that while Americans take for granted a frantic pace of change in…

A Nation Deceived: How Schools Hold Back America's Brightest Students. The Templeton National Report on Acceleration. Volume 2

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Colangelo, Nicholas, Ed.; Assouline, Susan G., Ed.; Gross, Miraca U. M., Ed.

2004-01-01

With support from the John Templeton Foundation, the editors held a Summit on Acceleration at The University of Iowa in May 2003. They invited distinguished scholars and educators from around the country to help them formulate a national report on acceleration. Together, they deliberated about what schools need to know in order to make the best…

Cooperative Science: A National Study of University and Industry Researchers. Assessment of the Industry/University Cooperative Research Projects Program (IUCR). Volume I.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Johnson, Elmima C.; Tornatzky, Louis G.

This report presents data from a national study of 118 Industry/University Cooperative Research (IUCR) projects supported by the National Science Foundation. Questionnaire responses were gathered from 226 industry and university scientists working on these projects. The purpose of the study was to describe how IUCR projects develop, how they are…

Innovation in Geographical Education. Netherlands Geographic Studies 208. Proceedings of the International Geographic Congress (38th, The Hague, Netherlands, August 5-10, 1996).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schee, Joop van der, Ed.; Schoenmaker, Gerard, Ed.; Trimp, Henk, Ed.; Westrhenen, Hans van, Ed.

This book examines trends in current educational literature and how they impact geography instruction. The volume contains 22 articles divided into 5 sections addressing geography innovation and educational research in geography. The introduction by Hans van Westrhenen and Gerard Schoenmaker delineates the foundation for the book and the theme…

Estimating foundation water vapor release using a simple moisture balance and AIM-2 : case study of a contemporary wood-frame house

Treesearch

C. R. Boardman; Samuel V. Glass; Charles G. Carll

2010-01-01

Proper management of indoor humidity in buildings is an essential aspect of durability. Following dissipation of moisture from construction materials, humidity levels during normal operation are generally assumed to primarily depend on the building volume, the number of building occupants and their behavior, the air exchange rate, and the water vapor content of outdoor...

The Leader of the Future. New Visions, Strategies, and Practices for the Next Era. First Edition. Drucker Foundation Future Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hesselbein, Frances, Ed.; And Others

The 31 papers in this volume address the requirements and qualities of leadership and leaders in the organization of the future. Papers are grouped into the following categories: Leading the Organization of the Future, Future Leaders in Action, Learning to Lead for Tomorrow, and Executives on the Future of Leadership. Some of the papers included…

Concentrations of Simulated Dark Matter Halos

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Child, Hillary

2017-01-01

We present the concentration-mass (c-M) relation of dark matter halos in two new high-volume high-resolution cosmological N-body simulations, Q Continuum and Outer Rim. Concentration describes the density of the central regions of halos; it is highest for low-mass halos at low redshift, decreasing at high mass and redshift. The shape of the c-M relation is an important probe of cosmology. We discuss the redshift dependence of the c-M relation, several different methods to determine concentrations of simulated halos, and potential sources of bias in concentration measurements. To connect to lensing observations, we stack halos, which also allows us to assess the suitability of the Navarro-Frenk-White profile and other profiles, such as Einasto, with an additional shape parameter. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant No. DGE-1144082.

From pattern to process: The strategy of the Earth Observing System: Volume 2: EOS Science Steering Committee report

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1987-01-01

The Earth Observing System (EOS) represents a new approach to the study of the Earth. It consists of remotely sensed and correlative in situ observations designed to address important, interrelated global-scale processes. There is an urgent need to study the Earth as a complete, integrated system in order to understand and predict changes caused by human activities and natural processes. The EOS approach is based on an information system concept and designed to provide a long-term study of the Earth using a variety of measurement methods from both operational and research satellite payloads and continuing ground-based Earth science studies. The EOS concept builds on the foundation of the earlier, single-discipline space missions designed for relatively short observation periods. Continued progress in our understanding of the Earth as a system will come from EOS observations spanning several decades using a variety of contemporaneous measurements.

Conceptual Developments of 20th Century Field Theories

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cao, Tian Yu

1998-06-01

This volume provides a broad synthesis of conceptual developments of twentieth century field theories, from the general theory of relativity to quantum field theory and gauge theory. The book traces the foundations and evolution of these theories within a historio-critical context. Theoretical physicists and students of theoretical physics will find this a valuable account of the foundational problems of their discipline that will help them understand the internal logic and dynamics of theoretical physics. It will also provide professional historians and philosophers of science, particularly philosophers of physics, with a conceptual basis for further historical, cultural and sociological analysis of the theories discussed. Finally, the scientifically qualified general reader will find in this book a deeper analysis of contemporary conceptions of the physical world than can be found in popular accounts of the subject.

Conceptual Developments of 20th Century Field Theories

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cao, Tian Yu

1997-02-01

This volume provides a broad synthesis of conceptual developments of twentieth century field theories, from the general theory of relativity to quantum field theory and gauge theory. The book traces the foundations and evolution of these theories within a historio-critical context. Theoretical physicists and students of theoretical physics will find this a valuable account of the foundational problems of their discipline that will help them understand the internal logic and dynamics of theoretical physics. It will also provide professional historians and philosophers of science, particularly philosophers of physics, with a conceptual basis for further historical, cultural and sociological analysis of the theories discussed. Finally, the scientifically qualified general reader will find in this book a deeper analysis of contemporary conceptions of the physical world than can be found in popular accounts of the subject.

An input-output table based analysis on the virtual water by sectors with the five northwest provinces in China

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shi, Chenchen; Zhan, Jinyan

Virtual water refers to the volumes of water required to produce a commodity or service. It reflects human's actual consumption of water resources and therefore has certain significance in water resources management. Over the years, the concept of virtual water has caught the attentions of water manager and decision maker. In order to utilize this concept, the accounting and estimation of virtual water is the foundation that lies in this issue. Till now, the accounting methods mainly include the method provided by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), water footprint and input-output analysis method. In this paper, we chose Northwest China, which is a typical arid region that is facing with rapid economic development, as the study area and built an Input-Output (IO) analysis method to estimate virtual water among different industry sectors in the northwest China. The accounting and estimation results could be used to give suggestions to increase water use efficiency and promote virtual water trade in the study area. Comparison of the proposed method with other prevailing method was also analyzed. The introduced method could be utilized for accounting and estimation of virtual water by sectors, with its superiority in characterizing industrial water consumption and the accounting results could lend certain credence to the water resource management and industrial transformation for the future economic development of northwest China.

Activating analytic thinking enhances the value given to individualizing moral foundations.

PubMed

Yilmaz, Onurcan; Saribay, S Adil

2017-08-01

Two central debates within Moral Foundations Theory concern (1) which moral foundations are core and (2) how conflict between ideological camps stemming from valuing different moral foundations can be resolved. Previous studies have attempted to answer the first question by imposing cognitive load on participants to direct them toward intuitive and automatic thought. However, this method has limitations and has produced mixed findings. In the present research, in two experiments, instead of directing participants toward intuitive thought, we tested the effects of activating high-effort, analytic thought on participants' moral foundations. In both experiments, analytic thought activation caused participants to value individualizing foundations greater than the control condition. This effect was not qualified by participants' political orientation. No effect was observed on binding foundations. The results are consistent with the idea that upholding individualizing foundations requires mental effort and may provide the basis for reconciliation between different ideological camps. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Indonesian Islamic institutions between the foundation and endowment laws: a critical legal analysis.

PubMed

Siregar, Ibrahim

2016-01-01

This research-based paper examined the Indonesian foundation and endowment laws in relation to educational and religious institutions which are managed under foundation legal structure. The institutions examined were: 1) The Pondok Pesantren al-Ansor Foundation in Padangsidimpuan City; 2) The Pesantren Dar al-Ma'arif Education Foundation in South Labuhanbatu Regency; and 3) ​The Masjid Agung Foundation in Medan City. Using legal sociology and critical legal analysis, data were collected through field research, document study, and in-depth interviews. The documents studied were laws, books, papers, and other related writings relevant to this research. Interviews were conducted with informants obtained from snowball sampling and key person methods. It was found that in terms of foundation wealth, these institutions can be categorized into three: (1) foundation with founder's wealth; (2) foundation with endowment wealth; and (3) foundation with both founder's and endowment wealth. Even though both foundation and endowment legal structures have the same aim of societal welfare, it was found that when they are merged into one legal structure, the foundation becomes more dominant, and there is a risk that the endowment asset's status become unclear. The asset may be sold or its status may be changed from endowment wealth to foundation wealth. This unclear status may also be caused by conflict of interests among the foundation members and people involved in the foundations. Even when the foundation status is clear, most if not all foundation members violate the rules stipulated by the Foundation Law. The lack of status clarity has caused these institutions to become objects of conflict. There is a need to position the status of these institutions accurately and it is recommended that the endowment legal structure is used for institutions with endowment wealth.

Development and Application of a Numerical Framework for Improving Building Foundation Heat Transfer Calculations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kruis, Nathanael J. F.

Heat transfer from building foundations varies significantly in all three spatial dimensions and has important dynamic effects at all timescales, from one hour to several years. With the additional consideration of moisture transport, ground freezing, evapotranspiration, and other physical phenomena, the estimation of foundation heat transfer becomes increasingly sophisticated and computationally intensive to the point where accuracy must be compromised for reasonable computation time. The tools currently available to calculate foundation heat transfer are often either too limited in their capabilities to draw meaningful conclusions or too sophisticated to use in common practices. This work presents Kiva, a new foundation heat transfer computational framework. Kiva provides a flexible environment for testing different numerical schemes, initialization methods, spatial and temporal discretizations, and geometric approximations. Comparisons within this framework provide insight into the balance of computation speed and accuracy relative to highly detailed reference solutions. The accuracy and computational performance of six finite difference numerical schemes are verified against established IEA BESTEST test cases for slab-on-grade heat conduction. Of the schemes tested, the Alternating Direction Implicit (ADI) scheme demonstrates the best balance between accuracy, performance, and numerical stability. Kiva features four approaches of initializing soil temperatures for an annual simulation. A new accelerated initialization approach is shown to significantly reduce the required years of presimulation. Methods of approximating three-dimensional heat transfer within a representative two-dimensional context further improve computational performance. A new approximation called the boundary layer adjustment method is shown to improve accuracy over other established methods with a negligible increase in computation time. This method accounts for the reduced heat transfer from concave foundation shapes, which has not been adequately addressed to date. Within the Kiva framework, three-dimensional heat transfer that can require several days to simulate is approximated in two-dimensions in a matter of seconds while maintaining a mean absolute deviation within 3%.

Bioimpedance and Fluid Status in Children and Adolescents Treated With Dialysis.

PubMed

Milani, Gregorio P; Groothoff, Jaap W; Vianello, Federica A; Fossali, Emilio F; Paglialonga, Fabio; Edefonti, Alberto; Agostoni, Carlo; Consonni, Dario; van Harskamp, Dewi; van Goudoever, Johannes B; Schierbeek, Henk; Oosterveld, Michiel J S

2017-03-01

Assessment of hydration status in patients with chronic kidney failure treated by dialysis is crucial for clinical management decisions. Dilution techniques are considered the gold standard for measurement of body fluid volumes, but they are unfit for day-to-day care. Multifrequency bioimpedance has been shown to be of help in clinical practice in adults and its use in children and adolescents has been advocated. We investigated whether application of multifrequency bioimpedance is appropriate for total-body water (TBW) and extracellular water (ECW) measurement in children and adolescents on dialysis therapy. A study of diagnostic test accuracy. 16 young dialysis patients (before a hemodialysis session or after peritoneal dialysis treatment) from the Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy, and the Emma Children's Hospital-Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. TBW and ECW volumes assessed by multifrequency bioimpedance. TBW and ECW volumes measured by deuterium and bromide dilution, respectively. Mean TBW volumes determined by multifrequency bioimpedance and deuterium dilution were 19.2±8.7 (SD) and 19.3±8.3L, respectively; Bland-Altman analysis showed a mean bias between the 2 methods of -0.09 (95% limits of agreement, -2.1 to 1.9) L. Mean ECW volumes were 8.9±4.0 and 8.3±3.3L measured by multifrequency bioimpedance and bromide dilution, respectively; mean bias between the 2 ECW measurements was +0.6 (95% limits of agreement, -2.3 to 3.5). Participants ingested the deuterated water at home without direct supervision by investigators, small number of patients, repeated measurements in individual patients were not performed. Multifrequency bioimpedance measurements were unbiased but imprecise in comparison to dilution techniques. We conclude that multifrequency bioimpedance measurements cannot precisely estimate TBW and ECW in children receiving dialysis. Copyright © 2016 National Kidney Foundation, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

SU-E-I-96: A Study About the Influence of ROI Variation On Tumor Segmentation in PET

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Li, L; Tan, S; Lu, W

2014-06-01

Purpose: To study the influence of different regions of interest (ROI) on tumor segmentation in PET. Methods: The experiments were conducted on a cylindrical phantom. Six spheres with different volumes (0.5ml, 1ml, 6ml, 12ml, 16ml and 20 ml) were placed inside a cylindrical container to mimic tumors of different sizes. The spheres were filled with 11C solution as sources and the cylindrical container was filled with 18F-FDG solution as the background. The phantom was continuously scanned in a Biograph-40 True Point/True View PET/CT scanner, and 42 images were reconstructed with source-to-background ratio (SBR) ranging from 16:1 to 1.8:1. We tookmore » a large and a small ROI for each sphere, both of which contain the whole sphere and does not contain any other spheres. Six other ROIs of different sizes were then taken between the large and the small ROI. For each ROI, all images were segmented by eitht thresholding methods and eight advanced methods, respectively. The segmentation results were evaluated by dice similarity index (DSI), classification error (CE) and volume error (VE). The robustness of different methods to ROI variation was quantified using the interrun variation and a generalized Cohen's kappa. Results: With the change of ROI, the segmentation results of all tested methods changed more or less. Compared with all advanced methods, thresholding methods were less affected by the ROI change. In addition, most of the thresholding methods got more accurate segmentation results for all sphere sizes. Conclusion: The results showed that the segmentation performance of all tested methods was affected by the change of ROI. Thresholding methods were more robust to this change and they can segment the PET image more accurately. This work was supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NNSFC), under Grant Nos. 60971112 and 61375018, and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, under Grant No. 2012QN086. Wei Lu was supported in part by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Grant No. R01 CA172638.« less

Land Application of Wastewater Sludges: A National Science Foundation Student-Originated Studies Project.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bender, Timothy J.; Barnard, Walther M.

1981-01-01

Summarizes a student-originated studies project, funded by the National Science Foundation, on land application of wastewater sludges. Describes the students' proposal, research methods, and evaluation of the project. (DS)

Ancient Biomolecules and Evolutionary Inference.

PubMed

Cappellini, Enrico; Prohaska, Ana; Racimo, Fernando; Welker, Frido; Pedersen, Mikkel Winther; Allentoft, Morten E; de Barros Damgaard, Peter; Gutenbrunner, Petra; Dunne, Julie; Hammann, Simon; Roffet-Salque, Mélanie; Ilardo, Melissa; Moreno-Mayar, J Víctor; Wang, Yucheng; Sikora, Martin; Vinner, Lasse; Cox, Jürgen; Evershed, Richard P; Willerslev, Eske

2018-04-25

Over the last decade, studies of ancient biomolecules-particularly ancient DNA, proteins, and lipids-have revolutionized our understanding of evolutionary history. Though initially fraught with many challenges, the field now stands on firm foundations. Researchers now successfully retrieve nucleotide and amino acid sequences, as well as lipid signatures, from progressively older samples, originating from geographic areas and depositional environments that, until recently, were regarded as hostile to long-term preservation of biomolecules. Sampling frequencies and the spatial and temporal scope of studies have also increased markedly, and with them the size and quality of the data sets generated. This progress has been made possible by continuous technical innovations in analytical methods, enhanced criteria for the selection of ancient samples, integrated experimental methods, and advanced computational approaches. Here, we discuss the history and current state of ancient biomolecule research, its applications to evolutionary inference, and future directions for this young and exciting field. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Biochemistry Volume 87 is June 20, 2018. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

Fluid therapy for children: facts, fashions and questions

PubMed Central

Holliday, Malcolm A; Ray, Patricio E; Friedman, Aaron L

2007-01-01

Fluid therapy restores circulation by expanding extracellular fluid. However, a dispute has arisen regarding the nature of intravenous therapy for acutely ill children following the development of acute hyponatraemia from overuse of hypotonic saline. The foundation on which correct maintenance fluid therapy is built is examined and the difference between maintenance fluid therapy and restoration or replenishment fluid therapy for reduction in extracellular fluid volume is delineated. Changing practices and the basic physiology of extracellular fluid are discussed. Some propose changing the definition of “maintenance therapy” and recommend isotonic saline be used as maintenance and restoration therapy in undefined amounts leading to excess intravenous sodium chloride intake. Intravenous fluid therapy for children with volume depletion should first restore extracellular volume with measured infusions of isotonic saline followed by defined, appropriate maintenance therapy to replace physiological losses according to principles established 50 years ago. PMID:17175577

Shop for quality or volume? Volume, quality, and outcomes of coronary artery bypass surgery.

PubMed

Auerbach, Andrew D; Hilton, Joan F; Maselli, Judith; Pekow, Penelope S; Rothberg, Michael B; Lindenauer, Peter K

2009-05-19

Care from high-volume centers or surgeons has been associated with lower mortality rates in coronary artery bypass surgery, but how volume and quality of care relate to each other is not well understood. To determine how volume and differences in quality of care influence outcomes after coronary artery bypass surgery. Observational cohort. 164 hospitals in the United States. 81,289 patients 18 years or older who had coronary artery bypass grafting from 1 October 2003 to 1 September 2005. Hospital and surgeon case volumes were estimated by using a data set. Quality measures were defined by whether patients received specific medications and by counting the number of measures missed. Hierarchical models were used to estimate effects of volume and quality on death and readmission up to 30 days. After adjustment for clinical factors, lowest surgeon volume and highest hospital volume were associated with higher mortality rates and lower readmission risk, respectively. Patients who did not receive aspirin (odds ratio, 1.89 [95% CI, 1.65 to 2.16) or beta-blockers (odds ratio, 1.29 [CI, 1.12 to 1.49]) had higher odds for death, after adjustment for clinical risk factors and case volume. Adjustment for individual quality measures did not alter associations between volume and readmission or death. However, if no quality measures were missed, mortality rates at the lowest-volume centers (adjusted mortality rate, 1.05% [CI, 0.81% to 1.29%]) and highest-volume centers (adjusted mortality rate, 0.98% [CI, 0.72% to 1.25%]) were similar. Because administrative data were used, the quality measures may not replicate measures collected through chart abstraction. Maximizing adherence to quality measures is associated with improved mortality rates, independent of hospital or surgeon volume. California HealthCare Foundation.

Construction and demolition waste generation rates for high-rise buildings in Malaysia.

PubMed

Mah, Chooi Mei; Fujiwara, Takeshi; Ho, Chin Siong

2016-12-01

Construction and demolition waste continues to sharply increase in step with the economic growth of less developed countries. Though the construction industry is large, it is composed of small firms with individual waste management practices, often leading to the deleterious environmental outcomes. Quantifying construction and demolition waste generation allows policy makers and stakeholders to understand the true internal and external costs of construction, providing a necessary foundation for waste management planning that may overcome deleterious environmental outcomes and may be both economically and environmentally optimal. This study offers a theoretical method for estimating the construction and demolition project waste generation rate by utilising available data, including waste disposal truck size and number, and waste volume and composition. This method is proposed as a less burdensome and more broadly applicable alternative, in contrast to waste estimation by on-site hand sorting and weighing. The developed method is applied to 11 projects across Malaysia as the case study. This study quantifies waste generation rate and illustrates the construction method in influencing the waste generation rate, estimating that the conventional construction method has a waste generation rate of 9.88 t 100 m -2 , the mixed-construction method has a waste generation rate of 3.29 t 100 m -2 , and demolition projects have a waste generation rate of 104.28 t 100 m -2 . © The Author(s) 2016.

Load Measurement on Foundations of Rockfall Protection Systems

PubMed Central

Volkwein, Axel; Kummer, Peter; Bitnel, Hueseyin; Campana, Lorenzo

2016-01-01

Rockfall protection barriers are connected to the ground using steel cables fixed with anchors and foundations for the steel posts. It is common practice to measure the forces in the cables, while to date measurements of forces in the foundations have been inadequately resolved. An overview is presented of existing methods to measure the loads on the post foundations of rockfall protection barriers. Addressing some of the inadequacies of existing approaches, a novel sensor unit is presented that is able to capture the forces acting on post foundations in all six degrees of freedom. The sensor unit consists of four triaxial force sensors placed between two steel plates. To correctly convert the measurements into the directional forces acting on the foundation a special in-situ calibration procedure is proposed that delivers a corresponding conversion matrix. PMID:26840315

TU-H-206-02: Novel Linearly-Filled Derenzo PET Phantom Design

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Graves, S; Cox, B; Valdovinos, H

Purpose: To design a linearly-filled Derenzo positron emission tomography (PET) phantom, eliminating the extraneous radioisotope volumes in a conventional reservoir-type design. This activity reduction combined with the elimination of bubbles in smaller phantom channels would significantly reduce personnel dose, radioisotope cost, and would improve image quality by reducing out-of-slice activity scatter. Methods: A computer-aided design (CAD) was created of a modular Derenzo phantom consisting of three phantom layers with gaskets between the layers. The central piece contains the active pattern volume and channels connecting adjacent rods in a serpentine pattern. The two end-pieces contained an inlet and an outlet formore » filling purposes. Phantom prototypes were 3D printed on a Viper Si2 stereolithography machine. The two gaskets were fabricated from silicon sheets using a PLS 6.75 laser cutter. Phantoms were held together by pass-through glass-filled nylon bolts and nuts. Phantoms were filled with {sup 52}Mn, {sup 64}Cu, {sup 74}Br, and {sup 124}I for testing, and were imaged on a Siemens Inveon MicroPET scanner. Results: Four phantom prototypes were constructed using male Leur Lock fittings for inlet/outlet ports. 3D printed layers were sanded to ensure proper coupling to the silicon gaskets. The filling volume for each prototype was approximately 2.4 mL. The filling process was found to be rapid, leak-tight, and with minimal back-pressure. PET images were reconstructed by OSEM3D, and axial slices along the phantom pattern length were averaged to provide final images. Image distortion was isotope dependent with {sup 52}Mn and {sup 64}Cu having the least distortion and {sup 124}I having the most distortion. Conclusion: These results indicate that the linearlyfilled Derenzo design improves on conventional reservoir-type designs by eliminating potential bubbles in small channels and by reducing activity level, radioisotope volume, radioisotope cost, personnel dose, filling time, and out-of-slice activity scatter The method described in this abstract has been filed as a patent application to the US Patent and Trade Office by the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation (WARF).« less

Fast Algorithms for Estimating Mixture Parameters

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-08-30

The investigation is a two year project with the first year sponsored by the Army Research Office and the second year by the National Science Foundation (Grant... Science Foundation during the coming year. Keywords: Fast algorithms; Algorithms Mixture Distribution Random Variables. (KR)...numerical testing of the accelerated fixed-point method was completed. The work on relaxation methods will be done under the sponsorship of the National

Contact interaction between a layered foundation and a system of annular punches with complex base shapes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kazakov, K. E.; Kurdina, S. P.

2018-04-01

We study the contact interaction between a system of rigid annular punches and a viscoelastic two-layer foundation. The upper layer is thin compared with the punch width. We study the case where the punch shapes are described by a rapidly varying functions. We use special methods for constructing the solutions, because the standard methods are inefficient.

Construction Foundation Report, Grand River, Bowman-Haley Project, North Dakota. Volume 1. Text, Drawings, Photos.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-05-01

tamping rollers. Final compaction was by rubber -t ired rollers. Compaction was to 95% of maximum density. Time between placing the 6" layers and...taree ue go dscribe*he:. 0 IoldNYeRAEL Boreast ol bsnc of eater readngs in the Iiraphic Log ’G I CAYI CQ 5A esL.- ADS@ * nbr ; i cneeeiItt be oetrued O

Lessons for Establishing a Foundation for Data Use in DC Public Schools. The Senior Urban Education Research Fellowship Series. Volume I

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smerdon, Becky; Evan, Aimee

2010-01-01

With a grant from the Council of the Great City Schools' Senior Urban Education Research Fellowship Program, the authors began a project designed to identify the roots of the dropout problem in the District of Columbia by identifying middle grades students' exhibiting behaviors associated with dropping out of high school. Their plan was to use DC…

Economic Education Experiences of Enterprising Teachers, Volume 13. A Report Developed from the 1974-75 Entries in The International Paper Company Foundation Awards Program for the Teaching of Economics.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dawson, George G., Ed.

The publication outlines 19 award winning economic education projects for use on levels K through college. The projects have been judged original and interesting to students and have met contest criteria by describing class situation, scope and sequence, goals, motivational devices, teaching techniques, samples of student work, culmination…

Studies in Intelligence. Volume 55, Number 3

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-09-01

hearing, Director of National Intelligence (DNI) James R. Clapper noted the need for a single repository of terrorism- related data as a foundation...A CIA Memoir by Stuart Methven The Making And Breaking Of An American Spy, by James Everett Intelligence Abroad Ashraf Marwan, Israel’s Most Valuable...Bureau cases. He includes bio - graphical details about special agents and illu- minates the often frustrating bureaucratic culture in which they

Research Briefings 1986. For the Office of Science and Technology Policy, the National Science Foundation, and Selected Federal Departments and Agencies.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC.

This is part of a series on selected areas of science and technology prepared by the Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy, at the request of the Science Advisor to the President of the United States. This volume includes four individual reports. The first is the report of the "Research Briefing Panel on Science of Interfaces…

Economic Education Experiences of Enterprising Teachers. Volume 19. A Report Developed from the 1980-81 Entries in the International Paper Company Foundation Awards Program for the Teaching of Economics.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nappi, Andrew T., Ed.; Suglia, Anthony F., Ed.

Twenty-five award winning teacher developed projects and courses in economics are described. The projects are designed for use in primary, intermediate, junior high, and senior high schools. Descriptions indicate grade level, project background, time allotment, objectives, activities, and evaluation. The publication consists of five chapters.…

Scientific Futures. Selected Areas of Opportunity for the Office of Science and Technology Policy, the National Science Foundation, and Selected Federal Departments and Agencies.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC.

In response to the President's Office of Science and Technology Policy request to identify promising areas for U.S. research investment in science and technology, this report contains briefings by outstanding researchers in several fields of science. This volume is the fifth in a series of briefings which are used to anticipate important new…

Under Construction: Building on ESSA's K-12 Foundation. Quality Counts. Education Week. Volume 36, Issue 16

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Manzo, Kathleen Kennedy, Ed.

2017-01-01

With just months to go until the nation's overhauled K-12 law goes into effect, state policymakers are still scrambling to firm up the infrastructure for their education systems, under the new blueprint laid out in the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA). They're doing it at a time of political change and policy uncertainty at the national level,…

Military Review, February 1992. Volume 72, Number 2

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-02-01

these in turn become fac- tors for Army doctrine. The new strategy has four foundations: nuclear deterrence, forward presence, crisis response and...Today, a select group of officers at Fort mands of the nation. I encourage you to join the Leavenworth is leading the effort to revise US discussion by... Group ; deputy commandant of the US Army Command and General Staff College, For Leavenworth, Kansas: and commanding general, Ist Infantry Division

Defense AT and L. Volume 45, Issue 1

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-02-01

and government organizations. She currently is a senior research analyst for the MCBL Science and Technology Branch at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas...core functionality and interface design. Analysts from the Army S&T and MC user communities participated, including MCBL, Army Research Laboratory...Mica R. Endsley, Ph.D. Programs can use the 60-year foundation of scientific research and engineering in the field of human factors to develop robust

Collins Center Update. Volume 15, Issue 1 & 2. October 2012 -March 2013

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-03-01

together the functional area through acculturating officers to the role of the functional area; providing a shared, common foundational experience; and...international actors. Intervention of an Economic Commu- nity of West African States (ECOWAS) force into Tuareg/ Arabic /Songhai areas was viewed as...planning now to increase training of ECOWAS forces for this mission; strengthen military-to- military contacts with Arab partners; and, broaden

Army Logistician. Volume 34, Issue 2, March-April 2002

DTIC Science & Technology

2002-04-01

potential coalition part- ners; and, • Leverage of U.S. resources through cost sharing and economies of scale.” DOD guidance focuses on the broad goals of...be funded privately through the Army Historical Foundation. • Operations research and operations management. • Engineering economy , life-cycle cost ...will be implemented this summer. A review of Army organizations below the headquarters level should be completed this spring. EDGEWOOD ENZYMATIC DECON

Policy and Practice of Tertiary Literacy. Selected Proceedings of the First National Conference on Tertiary Literacy: Research and Practice, Volume 1 (1st, Melbourne, Australia, March 14-16, 1996).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Golebiowski, Zofia, Ed.

This selection of papers from the First Conference on Tertiary Literacy, which examined the role of literacy as a foundation for knowledge acquisition and dissemination that influences the academic success of tertiary students, presents a number of case studies of policy and practice in Australian universities. Keynote addresses included:…

The Shock and Vibration Digest. Volume 16, Number 6

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-06-01

formulation is emphasized. Tabarrok [5] used both fluid variables to construct dual variational principles; these can be used as the basis for...Metal Working and Forming 37 STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS 39 Buildings 39 Towers 39 Foundations 40 Harbors and Dams 40 Roads and Tracks 41 Construction ...under the fating. Assuming that the super-structure is composed of idertically constructed story-units and the soil behavior is characterized by a

Economic Education Experiences of Enterprising Teachers, Volume 15. A Report Developed from the 1976-77 Entries in the International Paper Company Foundation Awards Program for the Teaching of Economics.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dawson, George G., Ed.

Twenty award winning, teacher-developed programs, projects, courses, and materials in economic education are presented. These case study projects are designed to be used with kindergarten through college students. The case studies are organized by grade level into five chapters. Chapter I suggests ways to teach economic concepts to educable…

Assessing the foundation of the Trojan Horse Method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bertulani, C. A.; Hussein, M. S.; Typel, S.

2018-01-01

We discuss the foundation of the Trojan Horse Method (THM) within the Inclusive Non-Elastic Breakup (INEB) theory. We demonstrate that the direct part of the INEB cross section, which is of two-step character, becomes, in the DWBA limit of the three-body theory with appropriate approximations and redefinitions, similar in structure to the one-step THM cross section. We also discuss the connection of the THM to the Surrogate Method (SM), which is a genuine two-step process.

TU-D-202-03: Gating Is the Best ITV Killer

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Low, D.

Respiratory motion has long been recognized as an important factor affecting the precision of radiotherapy. After the introduction of the 4D CT to visualize the respiratory motion in 3D, the internal target volume (ITV) has been widely adopted as simple method to take the motion into account in treatment planning and delivery. The ITV is generated as the union of the CTVs as the patient goes through the respiratory cycle. Many issues have been identified with the ITV. In this session three alternatives for the ITV will be discussed: 1) An alternative motion-inclusive approach with better imaging and smaller margins,more » called mid-position CT. 2) The tracking approach and 3) The gating approach. The following topics will be addressed by Marcel van Herk (“Is ITV the correct motion encompassing strategy”): Magnitude of respiratory motion, effect of motion on radiotherapy, motion encompassing strategies, and software solutions to assist in motion encompassing strategies. Then Paul Keall (“Make margins simple: Use real-time target tracking”) will discuss tracking with: clinical drivers for tracking, current clinical status of tumor tracking, future tumor tracking technology, and margin margin challenges with and without tracking. Finally Daniel Low will discuss gating (“Gating is the best ITV killer”): why ITV in the first place, requirements for planning, requirements at the machine, benefits and costs. The session will end with a discussion and live demo of motion simulation software to illustrate the issues and explain the relative benefit and appropriate uses for the three methods. Learning Objectives: Explain the 4D imaging and treatment planning process. Summarize the various approaches to deal with respiratory motion during radiotherapy Discuss the tradeoffs involved when choosing one of the three discussed approaches. Explain in which situation each method is the best choice Research is partly funded by Elekta Oncology Systems and the Dutch Cancer Foundation; M. van Herk, Part of the research was funded by Elekta Oncology Systems and the Dutch Cancer Foundation.« less

Superolateral Hoffa's fat pad (SHFP) oedema and patellar cartilage volume loss: quantitative analysis using longitudinal data from the Foundation for the National Institute of Health (FNIH) Osteoarthritis Biomarkers Consortium.

PubMed

Haj-Mirzaian, Arya; Guermazi, Ali; Hafezi-Nejad, Nima; Sereni, Christopher; Hakky, Michael; Hunter, David J; Zikria, Bashir; Roemer, Frank W; Demehri, Shadpour

2018-04-12

To determine the association of superolateral Hoffa's fat pad (SHFP) oedema and patellofemoral joint structural damage in participants of Foundation for the National Institute of Health Osteoarthritis Biomarkers Consortium study. Baseline and 24-month MRIs of 600 subjects were assessed. The presence of SHFP oedema (using 0-3 grading scale) and patellar morphology metrics were determined using baseline MRI. Quantitative patellar cartilage volume and semi-quantitative MRI osteoarthritis knee score (MOAKS) variables were extracted. The associations between SHFP oedema and patellar cartilage damage, bone marrow lesion (BML), osteophyte and morphology were evaluated in cross-sectional model. In longitudinal analysis, the associations between oedema and cartilage volume loss (defined using reliable change index) and MOAKS worsening were evaluated. In cross-sectional evaluations, the presence of SHFP oedema was associated with simultaneous lateral patellar cartilage/BML defects and inferior-medial patellar osteophyte size. A significant positive correlation between the degree of patella alta and SHFP oedema was detected (r = 0.259, p < 0.001). The presence of oedema was associated with 24-month cartilage volume loss (odds ratio (OR) 2.11, 95% confidence interval 1.46-3.06) and medial patellar BML size (OR 1.92 (1.15-3.21)) and number (OR 2.50 (1.29-4.88)) worsening. The optimal cut-off value for the grade of baseline SHFP oedema regarding both presence and worsening of patellar structural damage was ≥ 1 (presence of any SHFP hyperintensity). The presence of SHFP oedema could be considered as a predictor of future patellar cartilage loss and BML worsening, and an indicator of simultaneous cartilage, BML and osteophyte defects. • SHFP oedema was associated with simultaneous lateral patellar OA-related structural damage. • SHFP oedema was associated with longitudinal patellar cartilage loss over 24 months. • SHFP oedema could be considered as indicator and predictor of patellar OA.

Technology Solutions Case Study: Excavationless: Exterior-Side Foundation Insulation for Existing Homes

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

None

Building science research supports installing exterior (soil side) foundation insulation as the optimal method to enhance the hygrothermal performance of new homes. With exterior foundation insulation, water management strategies are maximized while insulating the basement space and ensuring a more even temperature at the foundation wall. This project describes an innovative, minimally invasive foundation insulation upgrade technique on an existing home that uses hydrovac excavation technology combined with a liquid insulating foam. Cost savings over the traditional excavation process ranged from 23% to 50%. The excavationless process could result in even greater savings since replacement of building structures, exterior features,more » utility meters, and landscaping would be minimal or non-existent in an excavationless process.« less

Wireless Concrete Strength Monitoring of Wind Turbine Foundations.

PubMed

Perry, Marcus; Fusiek, Grzegorz; Niewczas, Pawel; Rubert, Tim; McAlorum, Jack

2017-12-16

Wind turbine foundations are typically cast in place, leaving the concrete to mature under environmental conditions that vary in time and space. As a result, there is uncertainty around the concrete's initial performance, and this can encourage both costly over-design and inaccurate prognoses of structural health. Here, we demonstrate the field application of a dense, wireless thermocouple network to monitor the strength development of an onshore, reinforced-concrete wind turbine foundation. Up-to-date methods in fly ash concrete strength and maturity modelling are used to estimate the distribution and evolution of foundation strength over 29 days of curing. Strength estimates are verified by core samples, extracted from the foundation base. In addition, an artificial neural network, trained using temperature data, is exploited to demonstrate that distributed concrete strengths can be estimated for foundations using only sparse thermocouple data. Our techniques provide a practical alternative to computational models, and could assist site operators in making more informed decisions about foundation design, construction, operation and maintenance.

Wireless Concrete Strength Monitoring of Wind Turbine Foundations

PubMed Central

Niewczas, Pawel; Rubert, Tim

2017-01-01

Wind turbine foundations are typically cast in place, leaving the concrete to mature under environmental conditions that vary in time and space. As a result, there is uncertainty around the concrete’s initial performance, and this can encourage both costly over-design and inaccurate prognoses of structural health. Here, we demonstrate the field application of a dense, wireless thermocouple network to monitor the strength development of an onshore, reinforced-concrete wind turbine foundation. Up-to-date methods in fly ash concrete strength and maturity modelling are used to estimate the distribution and evolution of foundation strength over 29 days of curing. Strength estimates are verified by core samples, extracted from the foundation base. In addition, an artificial neural network, trained using temperature data, is exploited to demonstrate that distributed concrete strengths can be estimated for foundations using only sparse thermocouple data. Our techniques provide a practical alternative to computational models, and could assist site operators in making more informed decisions about foundation design, construction, operation and maintenance. PMID:29258176

CENTRIFUGAL VIBRATION TEST OF RC PILE FOUNDATION

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Higuchi, Shunichi; Tsutsumiuchi, Takahiro; Otsuka, Rinna; Ito, Koji; Ejiri, Joji

It is necessary that nonlinear responses of structures are clarified by soil-structure interaction analysis for the purpose of evaluating the seismic performances of underground structure or foundation structure. In this research, centrifuge shake table tests of reinforced concrete pile foundation installed in the liquefied ground were conducted. Then, finite element analyses for the tests were conducted to confirm an applicability of the analytical method by comparing the experimental results and analytical results.

Evolution-Based Methods for Selecting Point Data for Object Localization: Applications to Computer-Assisted Surgery.

DTIC Science & Technology

1996-11-01

being evaluated in cadaver trials. Shumeet Baluja was supported by a National Science Foundation Graduate Student Fellowship and a Graduate Student...partially supported by a National Science Foundation National Challenge grant (award IRI-9422734).

Accommodation-Amplitudes following an Accommodative Lens Refilling Procedure — an in vivo Update

PubMed Central

Nishi, Okihiro; Nishi, Yutaro; Chang, S.; Nishi, Kayo

2014-01-01

Purpose To investigate whether a newly developed lens refilling procedure can provide some accommodation in monkey eyes and to evaluate the difference in accommodation with different degrees of capsular bag refilling. Setting Jinshikai Medical Foundation, Nishi Eye Hospital, Osaka, Japan. Design Experimental monkey study. Methods Following a central 3–4 mm continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis, phacoemulsification was performed in the usual manner. A novel accommodative membrane intraocular lens for sealing capsular opening was implanted into the capsular bag. Silicone polymers were injected beneath the intraocular lens into the capsular bag through the delivery hole. In three study groups, each with six monkey eyes, the lens capsule was refilled with 0.08 ml corresponding to 65% bag volume, 0.1 ml corresponding to 80% bag volume, and 0.125 ml of silicone polymers corresponding to 100% bag volume, respectively. To calculate the accommodation-amplitudes achieved, automated refractometry was performed before and 1 hour after the topical 4% pilocarpine application before and four weeks after surgery. Results The refilling technique was successful in all monkeys without polymer leakage. Accommodation-amplitudes attained were 2.56 ± 0.74 dioptries (D), 2.42 ± 1.00D, and 2.71 ± 0.63D, respectively, 4 weeks after surgery in the three study groups. Conclusions Using the technique, some accommodation could be obtained in the young monkey eyes. Leakage of the injectable silicone polymer and anterior capsular opacification at least in the visual axis could be avoided. The results suggest that this lens refilling procedure warrants further studies for a possible clinical application. PMID:24461501

The Measurement of Airflow Using Singing Helmet That Allows Free Movement of the Jaw.

PubMed

Jiang, Jack J; Hanna, Rewais B; Willey, Malachi V; Rieves, Adam

2016-11-01

Airflow measurement is a useful method of evaluating laryngeal physiology. We introduce a noninvasive device that measures airflow without restricting jaw movement or requiring phonation into a mouthpiece, thus facilitating measurement during singing and connected speech. Validation and human subject trials were conducted. Airflow measurements were obtained from 16 male and 16 female subjects during singing, speech, and constant vowel production tasks. A similar helmet was designed by Stevens and Mead in 1968. The new device validity was evaluated by comparing the measured volume of air to a known volume of administered air using a calibration syringe. Subjects were asked to voice sustained vowels at low, medium, and high vocal intensity, read two sentences at a conversational volume, and perform different singing exercises while airflow was recorded. The device accurately and reliably measured airflow with mean airflow values falling within previously published ranges. There was an experimentally determined response time of 0.173 ± 0.014 seconds. Subjects were able to comfortably perform speech and singing exercises. Male subjects had higher airflow for all sustained vowels (P < 0.05). Airflow was higher for abduction rather than adduction sentences (P < 0.05). No other portable device has been shown to measure airflow during singing and speech while allowing for free movement of the jaw. This device provides a more natural environment to measure airflow that could be used to help evaluate laryngeal function and aid in singing training. Copyright © 2016 The Voice Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Environmentally Friendly Solution to Ground Hazards in Design of Bridges in Earthquake Prone Areas Using Timber Piles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sadeghi, H.

2015-12-01

Bridges are major elements of infrastructure in all societies. Their safety and continued serviceability guaranties the transportation and emergency access in urban and rural areas. However, these important structures are subject to earthquake induced damages in structure and foundations. The basic approach to the proper support of foundations are a) distribution of imposed loads to foundation in a way they can resist those loads without excessive settlement and failure; b) modification of foundation ground with various available methods; and c) combination of "a" and "b". The engineers has to face the task of designing the foundations meeting all safely and serviceability criteria but sometimes when there are numerous environmental and financial constrains, the use of some traditional methods become inevitable. This paper explains the application of timber piles to improve ground resistance to liquefaction and to secure the abutments of short to medium length bridges in an earthquake/liquefaction prone area in Bohol Island, Philippines. The limitations of using the common ground improvement methods (i.e., injection, dynamic compaction) because of either environmental or financial concerns along with the abundance of timber in the area made the engineers to use a network of timber piles behind the backwalls of the bridge abutments. The suggested timber pile network is simulated by numerical methods and its safety is examined. The results show that the compaction caused by driving of the piles and bearing capacity provided by timbers reduce the settlement and lateral movements due to service and earthquake induced loads.

SU-E-T-625: Robustness Evaluation and Robust Optimization of IMPT Plans Based on Per-Voxel Standard Deviation of Dose Distributions.

PubMed

Liu, W; Mohan, R

2012-06-01

Proton dose distributions, IMPT in particular, are highly sensitive to setup and range uncertainties. We report a novel method, based on per-voxel standard deviation (SD) of dose distributions, to evaluate the robustness of proton plans and to robustly optimize IMPT plans to render them less sensitive to uncertainties. For each optimization iteration, nine dose distributions are computed - the nominal one, and one each for ± setup uncertainties along x, y and z axes and for ± range uncertainty. SD of dose in each voxel is used to create SD-volume histogram (SVH) for each structure. SVH may be considered a quantitative representation of the robustness of the dose distribution. For optimization, the desired robustness may be specified in terms of an SD-volume (SV) constraint on the CTV and incorporated as a term in the objective function. Results of optimization with and without this constraint were compared in terms of plan optimality and robustness using the so called'worst case' dose distributions; which are obtained by assigning the lowest among the nine doses to each voxel in the clinical target volume (CTV) and the highest to normal tissue voxels outside the CTV. The SVH curve and the area under it for each structure were used as quantitative measures of robustness. Penalty parameter of SV constraint may be varied to control the tradeoff between robustness and plan optimality. We applied these methods to one case each of H&N and lung. In both cases, we found that imposing SV constraint improved plan robustness but at the cost of normal tissue sparing. SVH-based optimization and evaluation is an effective tool for robustness evaluation and robust optimization of IMPT plans. Studies need to be conducted to test the methods for larger cohorts of patients and for other sites. This research is supported by National Cancer Institute (NCI) grant P01CA021239, the University Cancer Foundation via the Institutional Research Grant program at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, and MD Anderson’s cancer center support grant CA016672. © 2012 American Association of Physicists in Medicine.

Neuroanatomical correlates of personality in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): Associations between personality and frontal cortex.

PubMed

Latzman, Robert D; Hecht, Lisa K; Freeman, Hani D; Schapiro, Steven J; Hopkins, William D

2015-12-01

Converging empirical data suggests that a set of largely consistent personality traits exist in both human and nonhuman primates; despite these similarities, almost nothing is known concerning the neurobiological basis of these traits in nonhuman primates. The current study examined associations between chimpanzee personality traits and the grey matter volume and asymmetry of various frontal cortex regions in 107 captive chimpanzees. Chimpanzees rated as higher on Openness and Extraversion had greater bilateral grey matter volumes in the anterior cingulate cortex. Further, chimpanzee rated as higher on Dominance had larger grey volumes in the left anterior cingulate cortex and right Prefrontal Cortex (PFC). Finally, apes rated higher on Reactivity/Unpredictability had higher grey matter volumes in the right mesial PFC. All associations survived after applying False Discovery Rate (FDR) thresholds. Results are discussed in terms of current neuroscientific models of personality which suggest that the frontal cortex, and asymmetries in this region, play an important role in the neurobiological foundation of broad dispositional traits. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Big Data - Smart Health Strategies

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

Summary Objectives To select best papers published in 2013 in the field of big data and smart health strategies, and summarize outstanding research efforts. Methods A systematic search was performed using two major bibliographic databases for relevant journal papers. The references obtained were reviewed in a two-stage process, starting with a blinded review performed by the two section editors, and followed by a peer review process operated by external reviewers recognized as experts in the field. Results The complete review process selected four best papers, illustrating various aspects of the special theme, among them: (a) using large volumes of unstructured data and, specifically, clinical notes from Electronic Health Records (EHRs) for pharmacovigilance; (b) knowledge discovery via querying large volumes of complex (both structured and unstructured) biological data using big data technologies and relevant tools; (c) methodologies for applying cloud computing and big data technologies in the field of genomics, and (d) system architectures enabling high-performance access to and processing of large datasets extracted from EHRs. Conclusions The potential of big data in biomedicine has been pinpointed in various viewpoint papers and editorials. The review of current scientific literature illustrated a variety of interesting methods and applications in the field, but still the promises exceed the current outcomes. As we are getting closer towards a solid foundation with respect to common understanding of relevant concepts and technical aspects, and the use of standardized technologies and tools, we can anticipate to reach the potential that big data offer for personalized medicine and smart health strategies in the near future. PMID:25123721

Design of small-scale gradient coils in magnetic resonance imaging by using the topology optimization method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pan, Hui; Jia, Feng; Liu, Zhen-Yu; Zaitsev, Maxim; Hennig, Juergen; Korvink, Jan G.

2018-05-01

Not Available Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51675506 and 51275504) and the German Research Foundation (DFG) (Grant Nos. #ZA 422/5-1 and #ZA 422/6-1).

Glycemic Control in the Burn Intensive Care Unit: Focus on the Role of Anemia in Glucose Measurement

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-11-01

Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation, and the Combat Casualty Care Division of the U.S. Army Medical Research...Research, Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio, Texas Abbreviations: (ABA) American Burn Association, (ADA) American Diabetes Association, (BG) blood...6315; email address Elizabeth.Mann@us.army.mil Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology Volume 3, Issue 6, November 2009 © Diabetes Technology

Hours of Opportunity, Volume 1: Lessons from Five Cities on Building Systems to Improve After-School, Summer School, and Other Out-of-School-Time Programs. Monograph

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bodilly, Susan J.; McCombs, Jennifer Sloan; Orr, Nate; Scherer, Ethan; Constant, Louay; Gershwin, Daniel

2010-01-01

High-quality out-of-school-time (OST) programs have a positive effect on youth development, but many cities have found it difficult to address the challenges of expanding and improving the quality of programs offered to underserved and high-need students. In response, The Wallace Foundation sponsored an initiative to help five cities increase…

Economic Education Experiences of Enterprising Teachers. Volume 16. A Report Developed from the 1977-78 Entries in the International Paper Company Foundation Awards Program for the Teaching of Economics.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nappi, Andrew T., Ed.; Suglia, Anthony F., Ed.

Eighteen award winning, teacher-developed programs, projects, courses, and materials in economic education are presented in condensed versions. The case study projects are designed to be used in primary, intermediate, junior high, senior high, and college, and are organized into five chapters by grade level. Chapter I suggests ways to teach…

Economic Education Experiences of Enterprising Teachers. Volume 17. A Report Developed from the 1978-79 Entries in the International Paper Company Foundation Awards Program for the Teaching of Economics.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nappi, Andrew T., Ed.; Suglia, Anthony F., Ed.

Sixteen award-winning teacher-developed programs, projects, courses, and materials in economics education are presented. The projects are designed for use in primary, intermediate, junior high, and senior high schools and are organized into four chapters. Chapter I suggests ways to teach economic concepts in grades K-3. Projects include an auction…

Achievements and Challenges in the Science of Space Weather

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Koskinen, Hannu E. J.; Baker, Daniel N.; Balogh, André; Gombosi, Tamas; Veronig, Astrid; von Steiger, Rudolf

2017-11-01

In June 2016 a group of 40 space weather scientists attended the workshop on Scientific Foundations of Space Weather at the International Space Science Institute in Bern. In this lead article to the volume based on the talks and discussions during the workshop we review some of main past achievements in the field and outline some of the challenges that the science of space weather is facing today and in the future.

The State of Small Business: A Report of the President. Together with the Annual Report on Small Business and Competition of the Small Business Administration.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Executive Office of the President, Washington, DC.

This volume consists of a report of the President concerning the state of small businesses as well as the U.S. Small Business Administration annual report on small business and competition. Addressed in the President's report are the following issues: the role of small business in the economy; the foundations of small business policy; and problems…

Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education with the North American Chapter 12th PME-NA Conference (14th, Mexico, July 15-20, 1990), Volume 1.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Booker, George, Ed.; Cobb, Paul, Ed.; de Mendicuti, Teresa N., Ed.

This proceedings of the annual conference of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education (PME) includes the following papers: "The Knowledge of Cats: Epistemological Foundations of Mathematics Education" (R.B. Davis) and "PME Algebra Research: A Working Perspective" (E. Filloy); "Some Misconceptions in Calculus: Anecdotes…

Air & Space Power Journal. Volume 29, Number 2, March-April 2015

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-04-01

patrols of host-nation and US security personnel within the airfield, and the fairly unobtrusive comings and goings of US vehicles. Such minimalist and...are the ends.24 Although the follow- ing list is incomplete, the recommendations may offer a starting point for discussion of those “ways” for an...USAF has the benefit of starting from a firm foundation of experience and conceptual understanding. Harmo- nizing and simplifying competing interests

An investigation of soil-structure interaction effects observed at the MIT Green Building

USGS Publications Warehouse

Taciroglu, Ertugrul; Çelebi, Mehmet; Ghahari, S. Farid; Abazarsa, Fariba

2016-01-01

The soil-foundation impedance function of the MIT Green Building is identified from its response signals recorded during an earthquake. Estimation of foundation impedance functions from seismic response signals is a challenging task, because: (1) the foundation input motions (FIMs) are not directly measurable, (2) the as-built properties of the super-structure are only approximately known, and (3) the soil-foundation impedance functions are inherently frequency-dependent. In the present study, aforementioned difficulties are circumvented by using, in succession, a blind modal identification (BMID) method, a simplified Timoshenko beam model (TBM), and a parametric updating of transfer functions (TFs). First, the flexible-base modal properties of the building are identified from response signals using the BMID method. Then, a flexible-base TBM is updated using the identified modal data. Finally, the frequency-dependent soil-foundation impedance function is estimated by minimizing the discrepancy between TFs (of pairs instrumented floors) that are (1) obtained experimentally from earthquake data and (2) analytically from the updated TBM. Using the fully identified flexible-base TBM, the FIMs as well as building responses at locations without instruments can be predicted, as demonstrated in the present study.

Dependency visualization for complex system understanding

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Smart, J. Allison Cory

1994-09-01

With the volume of software in production use dramatically increasing, the importance of software maintenance has become strikingly apparent. Techniques now sought and developed for reverse engineering and design extraction and recovery. At present, numerous commercial products and research tools exist which are capable of visualizing a variety of programming languages and software constructs. The list of new tools and services continues to grow rapidly. Although the scope of the existing commercial and academic product set is quite broad, these tools still share a common underlying problem. The ability of each tool to visually organize object representations is increasingly impairedmore » as the number of components and component dependencies within systems increases. Regardless of how objects are defined, complex ``spaghetti`` networks result in nearly all large system cases. While this problem is immediately apparent in modem systems analysis involving large software implementations, it is not new. As will be discussed in Chapter 2, related problems involving the theory of graphs were identified long ago. This important theoretical foundation provides a useful vehicle for representing and analyzing complex system structures. While the utility of directed graph based concepts in software tool design has been demonstrated in literature, these tools still lack the capabilities necessary for large system comprehension. This foundation must therefore be expanded with new organizational and visualization constructs necessary to meet this challenge. This dissertation addresses this need by constructing a conceptual model and a set of methods for interactively exploring, organizing, and understanding the structure of complex software systems.« less

Paediatric ECMO at low-volume paediatric cardiac centres in the Nordic countries.

PubMed

Veien, M; Lindberg, L; Tynkkynen, P; Ravn, H B

2015-03-01

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a life-saving resource-intensive technology for patients with respiratory and/or circulatory failure. We aimed to evaluate outcome data from three Nordic paediatric centres comparing with data from the International Registry of the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) and selected high-volume single-centre studies. One-hundred nineteen patients < 19 years from 2002 to 2012 were enrolled. Data on demographics and outcome were collected using a standardised registration form. Outcome data were compared with the ELSO registry and high-volume single-centre studies. Demographics, indications and diagnosis were similar to the ELSO register. Survival after ECMO was similar to outcome data from the ELSO register, apart from paediatric cardiac ECMO, where a significantly better survival to discharge was seen in the Nordic centres (68% vs. 49%; P = 0.03). Comparison with high-volume centres in the period after 2005 demonstrated a significantly better survival after cardiac ECMO in a single high-volume centre study, whereas four studies had significantly lower survival after cardiac ECMO. No significant difference was seen in children receiving respiratory ECMO in the Nordic centres and high-volume centres. Survival after ECMO in three low-volume Nordic centres demonstrated comparable outcome data with ELSO data and data from high-volume centres. We believe regular quality assurance surveys, as the present study, should be performed in order to maintain excellent therapy within the individual ECMO centres. © 2015 The Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica Foundation. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

On the Hilbert-Huang Transform Theoretical Foundation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kizhner, Semion; Blank, Karin; Huang, Norden E.

2004-01-01

The Hilbert-Huang Transform [HHT] is a novel empirical method for spectrum analysis of non-linear and non-stationary signals. The HHT is a recent development and much remains to be done to establish the theoretical foundation of the HHT algorithms. This paper develops the theoretical foundation for the convergence of the HHT sifting algorithm and it proves that the finest spectrum scale will always be the first generated by the HHT Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) algorithm. The theoretical foundation for cutting an extrema data points set into two parts is also developed. This then allows parallel signal processing for the HHT computationally complex sifting algorithm and its optimization in hardware.

Polish Foundation for Energy Efficiency

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

1995-12-31

The Polish Foundation for Energy Efficiency (FEWE) was established in Poland at the end of 1990. FEWE, as an independent and non-profit organization, has the following objectives: to strive towards an energy efficient national economy, and to show the way and methods by use of which energy efficiency can be increased. The activity of the Foundation covers the entire territory of Poland through three regional centers: in Warsaw, Katowice and Cracow. FEWE employs well-known and experienced specialists within thermal and power engineering, civil engineering, economy and applied sciences. The organizer of the Foundation has been Battelle Memorial Institute - Pacificmore » Northwest Laboratories from the USA.« less

Foundation Analysis East Coast Air Combat Maneuvering Range Offshore Kitty Hawk, North Carolina.

DTIC Science & Technology

1976-09-01

1976 86 2 3 025 TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION TITLE PAGE 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction 1.01 1.2 Methods of Analysis 1.01 1.3 Personnel Resumes 1.02...piling into the desired penetration. 1.2 METHODS OF ANALYSIS The method employed to perform the computation of pipe pile capacity curves, as presented...AD-A163 522 FOUNDATION ANALYSIS EAST COAST AIR COMBAT NANsUVERING 14S RANGE OFFSHORE KITT.. CU) CREST ENGINEERING INC TULSA OK SEP 76 27-M7-97 CNES

A Summary of the Foundation Research Program.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-03-01

Electrical Engineering Sponsor: NPS Foundation Research Program Objective: To develop a new method for solving transient electromagnetic problems. Summary...This is a new project that is still in the start up phase. During the nt"t year, our goal is to develop a new iterativ, in-’rse scattering method for...unlimited Prepared for: Chief of Naval Research Arlington, Virginia 22217 and Chief of Naval Development Washington, D. C. 20360 80 5 20091 NAVAL

Brain Trauma Foundation Guideline Compliance: Results of a Multidisciplinary, International Survey.

PubMed

Hirschi, Ryan; Rommel, Casey; Letsinger, Joshua; Nirula, Raminder; Hawryluk, Gregory W J

2018-05-09

Brain Trauma Foundation (BTF) guidelines reflect evidence-based best practices in management of traumatic brain injury. The aim of this study was to examine self-reported physician compliance and predictors of compliance related to BTF guidelines. We conducted an international, multidisciplinary survey examining self-reported adherence to BTF guidelines and multiple factors potentially affecting adherence. We also surveyed intracranial pressure monitoring practices. Of 154 physician respondents, 15.9% reported their institutions "always" follow BTF guidelines and 72.2% reported that they follow them "most of the time." Personal volume of traumatic brain injury cases and years in practice were not significantly related to adherence. Reported adherence varied significantly in association with respondent's institutional trauma level (P = 0.0010): 17.3% of practitioners at level I, 13.0% at level II, and 0% at level III trauma centers reported "always" following guidelines. Reported adherence to guidelines also varied significantly in association with provider specialty (P = 0.015) and institutional volume of severe traumatic brain injury cases (P = 0.008). Regarding intracranial pressure monitoring practices, 52% of respondents used external ventricular drains, 21% used intraparenchymal monitors, and 27% had no preference (P < 0.001). Of respondents not routinely using external ventricular drains, 36% claimed to "always" follow guidelines. There was no apparent association between type of intracranial pressure monitoring used and reported guideline adherence. Few respondents reported their institutions "always" follow BTF guidelines. General surgeons and providers at high-volume level I trauma centers were more likely to comply with guidelines. Differences in survey responses based on provider and institutional characteristics may help target educational efforts. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DATA QUALITY OBJECTIVES-FOUNDATION OF A SUCCESSFUL MONITORING PROGRAM

EPA Science Inventory

The data quality objectives (DQO) process is a fundamental site characterization tool and the foundation of a successful monitoring program. The DQO process is a systematic planning approach based on the scientific method of inquiry. The process identifies the goals of data col...

Stress and deformation analysis of double curvature arc dams using finite element method (FEM): A case of budhi gandaki hydropower project

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mishra, Aanand Kumar; Singh, Ajay; Bahadur Singh, Akal

2018-06-01

High rise arc dams are widely used in the development of storage type hydropower project because of the economic advantage. Among different phases considered during the lifetime of dam, control of dam’s safety and performance becomes more concerned during the lifetime. This paper proposed the 3 – D finite element method (FEM) for stress and deformation analysis of double curvature arc dam considering the non – linearity of foundation rock following the Hoek – Brown Criterion. The proposed methodology is implemented through MATLAB scripting language and studied the double curvature arc dam proposed for Budhi Gandaki hydropower project. The stress developed in the foundation rock, compressive and tensile stress acting on the dam are investigated and analysed for the reservoir level variation. Deformation at the top of the dam and in the foundation rock is also investigated. In addition to that, stress and deformation variation in the foundation rock is analysed for various rock properties.

A new gas dilution method for measuring body volume.

PubMed Central

Nagao, N; Tamaki, K; Kuchiki, T; Nagao, M

1995-01-01

This study was designed to examine the validity of a new gas dilution method (GD) for measuring human body volume and to compare its accuracy with the results obtained by the underwater weighing method (UW). We measured the volume of plastic bottles and 16 subjects (including two females), aged 18-42 years with each method. For the bottles, the volume measured by hydrostatic weighing was correlated highly (r = 1.000) with that measured by the new gas dilution method. For the subjects, the body volume determined by the two methods was significantly correlated (r = 0.998). However, the subject's volume measured by the gas dilution method was significantly larger than that by underwater weighing method. There was significant correlation (r = 0.806) between GD volume-UW volume and the body mass index (BMI), so that UW volume could be predicted from GD volume and BMI. It can be concluded that the new gas dilution method offers promising possibilities for future research in the population who cannot submerge underwater. PMID:7551760

Numerical Modelling of Connections Between Stones in Foundations of Historical Buildings

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Przewlocki, Jaroslaw; Zielinska, Monika; Grebowski, Karol

2017-12-01

The aim of this paper is to analyse the behaviour of old building foundations composed of stones (the main load-bearing elements) and mortar, based on numerical analysis. Some basic aspects of historical foundations are briefly discussed, with an emphasis on their development, techniques, and material. The behaviour of a foundation subjected to the loads transmitted from the upper parts of the structure is described using the finite element method (FEM). The main problems in analysing the foundations of historical buildings are determining the characteristics of the materials and the degree of degradation of the mortar, which is the weakest part of the foundation. Mortar is graded using the damaged-plastic model. In this model, exceeding the bearing capacity occurs due to the degradation of materials. The damaged-plastic model is the most accurate model describing the work and properties of mortar because it shows exactly what happens with this material throughout its total load history. For a uniformly loaded fragment of the foundation, both stresses and strains were analysed. The results of the analysis presented in this paper contribute to further research in the field of understanding both behaviour and modelling in historical buildings’ foundations.

Numerical Modeling of the Lake Mary Road Bridge for Foundation Reuse Assessment

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sitek, M. A.; Bojanowski, C.; Lottes, S. A.

This project uses numerical techniques to assess the structural integrity and capacity of the bridge foundations and, as a result, reduces the risk associated with reusing the same foundation for a new superstructure. Nondestructive test methods of different types were used in combination with the numerical modeling and analysis. The onsite tests included visual inspection, tomography, ground penetrating radar, drilling boreholes and coreholes, and the laboratory tests on recovered samples. The results were utilized to identify the current geometry of the structure with foundation, including the hidden geometry of the abutments and piers, and soil and foundation material properties. Thismore » data was used to build the numerical models and run computational analyses on a high performance computer cluster to assess the structural integrity of the bridge and foundations including the suitability of the foundation for reuse with a new superstructure and traffic that will increase the load on the foundations. Computational analysis is more cost-effective and gives an advantage of getting more detailed knowledge about the structural response. It also enables to go beyond non-destructive testing and find the failure conditions without destroying the structure under consideration.« less

Low-cost Radon Reduction Pilot Study

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rose, William B.; Francisco, Paul W.; Merrin, Zachary

The U.S. Department of Energy's Building America research team Partnership for Advanced Residential Retrofits conducted a primary scoping study on the impact of air sealing between the foundation and the living space on radon transport reduction across the foundation and living space floor assembly. Fifteen homes in the Champaign, Illinois, area participated in the study. These homes were instrumented for hourly continuous radon measurements and simultaneous temperature and humidity measurements. Blower door and zone pressure diagnostics were conducted at each house. The treatments consisted of using air-sealing foams at the underside of the floor that separated the living space frommore » the foundation and providing duct sealing on the ductwork that is situated in the foundation area. The hypothesis was that air sealing the floor system that separated the foundation from the living space should better isolate the living space from the foundation; this isolation should lead to less radon entering the living space from the foundation. If the hypothesis had been proven, retrofit energy-efficiency programs may have chosen to adopt these isolation methods for enhanced radon protection to the living space.« less

Development of variable LRFD \\0x03C6 factors for deep foundation design due to site variability.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-04-01

The current design guidelines of Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) specifies constant values : for deep foundation design, based on analytical method selected and degree of redundancy of the pier. : However, investigation of multiple sites in ...

Patching the Wetware: Addressing the Human Factor in Information Security

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-06-01

using deceptive psychological methods to influence the human user. In addressing this need, this research effort analyzes the psychological ...link between those psychological foundations and a body of research on persuasion. Once this connection is established, several psychological ...21 2.8 Psychological Foundations ...................................................................................22

Reconnaissance report on geology of Eklutna Lake dam site and conduit route near Anchorage, Alaska

USGS Publications Warehouse

Bateman, A.F.

1947-01-01

C. A foundation exploration program is recommended that includes deepening test pit No. 1 and drill hole No. 2, and drilling 11 new holes. It is suggested that one drill hold near the center of the valley be taken to bedrock to give a complete picture of the fill materials underlying the foundation. 3. Delivery of water from the forebay of the reservoir to the powerhouse eight miles downvalley by means of a conduit is regarded as infeasible because: difficult terrain of the route will require earthwork more extensive than the volume of the dam; the route is subject to land slides, and will require expensive maintenance; it is more or less completely exposed to adverse winter conditions that may engender icing conditions; and it is easily subject to sabotage. It is recommended that the water be taken to the powerhouse through a rock tunnel.

Anniversary Paper: Image processing and manipulation through the pages of Medical Physics

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Armato, Samuel G. III; Ginneken, Bram van; Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Room Q0S.459, 3584 CX Utrecht

The language of radiology has gradually evolved from ''the film'' (the foundation of radiology since Wilhelm Roentgen's 1895 discovery of x-rays) to ''the image,'' an electronic manifestation of a radiologic examination that exists within the bits and bytes of a computer. Rather than simply storing and displaying radiologic images in a static manner, the computational power of the computer may be used to enhance a radiologist's ability to visually extract information from the image through image processing and image manipulation algorithms. Image processing tools provide a broad spectrum of opportunities for image enhancement. Gray-level manipulations such as histogram equalization, spatialmore » alterations such as geometric distortion correction, preprocessing operations such as edge enhancement, and enhanced radiography techniques such as temporal subtraction provide powerful methods to improve the diagnostic quality of an image or to enhance structures of interest within an image. Furthermore, these image processing algorithms provide the building blocks of more advanced computer vision methods. The prominent role of medical physicists and the AAPM in the advancement of medical image processing methods, and in the establishment of the ''image'' as the fundamental entity in radiology and radiation oncology, has been captured in 35 volumes of Medical Physics.« less

Embankment Criteria and Performance Report: Adobe Dam Gila River Basin, New River and Phoenix City Streams, Arizona.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-06-01

Field Control Results 18 - Record Test Results 18 GRAVEL DRAIN MATERIAL, 19 FILTER MATERIAL, 20 ABUTMET INFILL MATERIAL- 20 X. EMBANKMENT ANALYSIS 21 XI...Thirty-three in-situ density tests were conducted in the near surface embankment foundation materials by the sand displacement method . An additional...seven densities were obtained from undisturbed samples by the bulk density method . The results of density tests in the foundation are shown on plate

Analytical Method Used to Calculate Pile Foundations with the Widening Up on a Horizontal Static Impact

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kupchikova, N. V.; Kurbatskiy, E. N.

2017-11-01

This paper presents a methodology for the analytical research solutions for the work pile foundations with surface broadening and inclined side faces in the ground array, based on the properties of Fourier transform of finite functions. The comparative analysis of the calculation results using the suggested method for prismatic piles, piles with surface broadening prismatic with precast piles and end walls with precast wedges on the surface is described.

A Tour of Big Data, Open Source Data Management Technologies from the Apache Software Foundation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mattmann, C. A.

2012-12-01

The Apache Software Foundation, a non-profit foundation charged with dissemination of open source software for the public good, provides a suite of data management technologies for distributed archiving, data ingestion, data dissemination, processing, triage and a host of other functionalities that are becoming critical in the Big Data regime. Apache is the world's largest open source software organization, boasting over 3000 developers from around the world all contributing to some of the most pervasive technologies in use today, from the HTTPD web server that powers a majority of Internet web sites to the Hadoop technology that is now projected at over a $1B dollar industry. Apache data management technologies are emerging as de facto off-the-shelf components for searching, distributing, processing and archiving key science data sets both geophysical, space and planetary based, all the way to biomedicine. In this talk, I will give a virtual tour of the Apache Software Foundation, its meritocracy and governance structure, and also its key big data technologies that organizations can take advantage of today and use to save cost, schedule, and resources in implementing their Big Data needs. I'll illustrate the Apache technologies in the context of several national priority projects, including the U.S. National Climate Assessment (NCA), and in the International Square Kilometre Array (SKA) project that are stretching the boundaries of volume, velocity, complexity, and other key Big Data dimensions.

SU-C-9A-03: Simultaneous Deconvolution and Segmentation for PET Tumor Delineation Using a Variational Method

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Li, L; Tan, S; Lu, W

2014-06-01

Purpose: To implement a new method that integrates deconvolution with segmentation under the variational framework for PET tumor delineation. Methods: Deconvolution and segmentation are both challenging problems in image processing. The partial volume effect (PVE) makes tumor boundaries in PET image blurred which affects the accuracy of tumor segmentation. Deconvolution aims to obtain a PVE-free image, which can help to improve the segmentation accuracy. Conversely, a correct localization of the object boundaries is helpful to estimate the blur kernel, and thus assist in the deconvolution. In this study, we proposed to solve the two problems simultaneously using a variational methodmore » so that they can benefit each other. The energy functional consists of a fidelity term and a regularization term, and the blur kernel was limited to be the isotropic Gaussian kernel. We minimized the energy functional by solving the associated Euler-Lagrange equations and taking the derivative with respect to the parameters of the kernel function. An alternate minimization method was used to iterate between segmentation, deconvolution and blur-kernel recovery. The performance of the proposed method was tested on clinic PET images of patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and compared with seven other segmentation methods using the dice similarity index (DSI) and volume error (VE). Results: Among all segmentation methods, the proposed one (DSI=0.81, VE=0.05) has the highest accuracy, followed by the active contours without edges (DSI=0.81, VE=0.25), while other methods including the Graph Cut and the Mumford-Shah (MS) method have lower accuracy. A visual inspection shows that the proposed method localizes the real tumor contour very well. Conclusion: The result showed that deconvolution and segmentation can contribute to each other. The proposed variational method solve the two problems simultaneously, and leads to a high performance for tumor segmentation in PET. This work was supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NNSFC), under Grant Nos. 60971112 and 61375018, and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, under Grant No. 2012QN086. Wei Lu was supported in part by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Grant No. R01 CA172638.« less

CTC Sentinel. Volume 2, Issue 9, September 2009

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-09-01

For a detailed analysis of this plot and its international links, see Reinares. 20 “ NEFA Exclusives: Video Interviews with Top Paki- stani Taliban...Spokesman Maulvi Omar,” NEFA Foun- dation, August 29, 2008. 21 Reinares. 22 “Taliban’s Foreign Support Vexes U.S.,” Wall Street Journal, June 1...CTC Sentinel 1:4 (2008). 27 “Interview with Taliban Commander Sirajuddin Haqqani,” NEFA Foundation, August 18, 2008. 28 “Taliban’s Siraj Haqqani

Economic Education Experiences of Enterprising Teachers. Volume 21. A Report Developed by the Joint Council on Economic Education from the 1982-83 Entries in the International Paper Company Foundation Awards Program for the Teaching of Economics.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nappi, Andrew T., Ed.; Suglia, Anthony F., Ed.

Designed for use in grades K-12, award winning teacher-developed projects and courses in economics are described. Descriptions indicate grade level, project background, time allotment, objectives, activities, and evaluation. Arranged into 5 chapters, chapter 1 suggests ways to teach economic concepts to grades K-3. Projects include a lesson on…

Contents of Structures to Resist the Effects of Accidental Explosions (TM 5-1300, NAVFAC P-397, AFM 22)

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-08-01

walls of various support conditions, as well as design procedures and deflection criteria for beams and both interior and exterior columns . The... columns of shear wall type structures are generally designed as beams . 159 The structural design for brittle mode response contains most of the data...flat slabs, beams , columns and foundations. 1OUNE V - STUCTRMAL STEEL DESIME This volume covers detailed procedures and design techniques for the blast

Definition of Life Sciences laboratories for shuttle/Spacelab. Volume 1: Executive summary

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1975-01-01

Research requirements and the laboratories needed to support a Life Sciences research program during the shuttle/Spacelab era were investigated. A common operational research equipment inventory was developed to support a comprehensive but flexible Life Sciences program. Candidate laboratories and operational schedules were defined and evaluated in terms of accomodation with the Spacelab and overall program planning. Results provide a firm foundation for the initiation of a life science program for the shuttle era.

500 Contractors Receiving the Largest Dollar Volume of Prime Contract Awards for RDT&E (Research, Development, Test and Evaluation), Fiscal Year 1975.

DTIC Science & Technology

1975-01-01

NEN ENGLAND EOUTPHENT CO INC • 269 8 PULSEPONER SYSTENS INC TPA N NEW NEXICO INSTITUTE WINING + TECH * 151 N PUROUE RESEARCH FOUNDATION q- NMEN MEXICO...ANAQOSf S u SHALL USyNeESS -1T -- U - - e* I.- U~ SE~tION I -U.S. aUSINEsS 3 IRMS FISCAL Ville 1979 RawN low Or G.ATOR THOUSANOS . 044K NAME OF

Innovative Ideas in Introductory Economics. Volume 2. A Report Developed from the 1979-80 College and University Level Entries in the International Paper Company Foundation Awards Program for the Teaching of Economics.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nappi, Andrew T., Ed.; Suglia, Anthony F., Ed.

Award winning projects in K-12 and college level economics are described in this publication. There are two major sections. Section I describes winning projects for 1979-80. A senior research seminar in economics offered undergraduate students a chance to build inexpensive, simplified forecasting models of the U.S. economy. Each student develops…

Geographic Concentration Of Home-Based Medical Care Providers.

PubMed

Yao, Nengliang; Ritchie, Christine; Camacho, Fabian; Leff, Bruce

2016-08-01

The United States faces a shortage of providers who care for homebound patients. About 5,000 primary care providers made 1.7 million home visits to Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries in 2013, accounting for 70 percent of all home-based medical visits. Nine percent of these providers performed 44 percent of visits. However, most homebound people live more than thirty miles from a high-volume provider. Project HOPE—The People-to-People Health Foundation, Inc.

Construction Foundation Report, Missouri River, Fort Peck Lake, Montana. Volume 1. Text and Photos.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-01-01

Movement 88. Spillway, Vertical Displacement Contours, November 1968 89. Spillway, Tiltmeter Observations, Sta. 40+00 90. Spillway, Movement Record... Tiltmeter 65-IT 91. Spillway, Movement Record, Tiltmeter 65-2T 92. Spillway, Plan of Borings and Surface Movement Points 93. Spillway, Crack Survey, Slope...Spillway, Dial Indicator Gage Across "M" Bentonite, Sta. 40+70R 111. Spillway, Slope Indicator 75-12T, Accumulated Deflection 112. Spillway, Tiltmeter 63

The total assessment profile, volume 1. [including societal impact cost effectiveness, and economic analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Leininger, G.; Jutila, S.; King, J.; Muraco, W.; Hansell, J.; Lindeen, J.; Franckowiak, E.; Flaschner, A.

1975-01-01

A methodology is described for the evaluation of societal impacts associated with the implementation of a new technology. Theoretical foundations for the methodology, called the total assessment profile, are established from both the economic and social science perspectives. The procedure provides for accountability of nonquantifiable factors and measures through the use of a comparative value matrix by assessing the impacts of the technology on the value system of the society.

Setting the Stage with Geometry: Lessons & Worksheets to Build Skills in Measuring Perimeter, Area, Surface Area, and Volume. Poster/Teaching Guide. Expect the Unexpected with Math[R

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Actuarial Foundation, 2013

2013-01-01

"Setting the Stage with Geometry" is a new math program aligned with the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) standards that is designed to help students in grades 6-8 build and reinforce basic geometry skills for measuring 2D and 3D shapes. Developed by The Actuarial Foundation, this program seeks to provide skill-building math…

Acupuncture for the Trauma Spectrum Response: Scientific Foundations, Challenges to Implementation

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-01-01

The current approach to management of these injuries follows the standard medical model that attempts to isolate the pathophysiological locations and...the private views of the author and are not to be construed as official or as reflecting the views of the United States Air Force Medical Corps, the...Air Force at large, or the Department of Defense. The author indicates that he does not have any conflicts of interest. MEDICAL ACUPUNCTURE Volume 23

Development of pile foundation bias factors using observed behavior of platforms during Hurricane Andrew

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Aggarwal, R.K.; Litton, R.W.; Cornell, C.A.

1996-12-31

The performance of more than 3,000 offshore platforms in the Gulf of Mexico was observed during the passage of Hurricane Andrew in August 1992. This event provided an opportunity to test the procedures used for platform analysis and design. A global bias was inferred for overall platform capacity and loads in the Andrew Joint Industry Project (JIP) Phase 1. It was predicted that the pile foundations of several platforms should have failed, but did not. These results indicated that the biases specific to foundation failure modes may be higher than those of jacket failure modes. The biases in predictions ofmore » foundation failure modes were therefore investigated further in this study. The work included capacity analysis and calibration of predictions with the observed behavior for 3 jacket platforms and 3 caissons using Bayesian updating. Bias factors for two foundation failure modes, lateral shear and overturning, were determined for each structure. Foundation capacity estimates using conventional methods were found to be conservatively biased overall.« less

Creation and implementation of an effective physician compensation methodology for a nonprofit medical foundation.

PubMed

Ferch, A W

2000-01-01

The foundation has determined that the adjusted gross billing methodology is a viable method to be considered for a nonprofit medical foundation in compensating physicians. The foundation continues to experiment with the margin formula and is exploring other potential formulas, but believes with certain modifications the percentage of adjusted gross billing methodology can be effective and useful because of its simplicity, ease of administration, and motivational effect on the physicians. The primary improvement to the model needed would be the ability to adjust the formula on a frequent basis for individual practice variations. Modifications will continue to be made as circumstances change, but the basic principles will remain constant.

Understanding the heterogeneity in volume overload and fluid distribution in decompensated heart failure is key to optimal volume management: role for blood volume quantitation.

PubMed

Miller, Wayne L; Mullan, Brian P

2014-06-01

This study sought to quantitate total blood volume (TBV) in patients hospitalized for decompensated chronic heart failure (DCHF) and to determine the extent of volume overload, and the magnitude and distribution of blood volume and body water changes following diuretic therapy. The accurate assessment and management of volume overload in patients with DCHF remains problematic. TBV was measured by a radiolabeled-albumin dilution technique with intravascular volume, pre-to-post-diuretic therapy, evaluated at hospital admission and at discharge. Change in body weight in relation to quantitated TBV was used to determine interstitial volume contribution to total fluid loss. Twenty-six patients were prospectively evaluated. Two patients had normal TBV at admission. Twenty-four patients were hypervolemic with TBV (7.4 ± 1.6 liters) increased by +39 ± 22% (range, +9.5% to +107%) above the expected normal volume. With diuresis, TBV decreased marginally (+30 ± 16%). Body weight declined by 6.9 ± 5.2 kg, and fluid intake/fluid output was a net negative 8.4 ± 5.2 liters. Interstitial compartment fluid loss was calculated at 6.2 ± 4.0 liters, accounting for 85 ± 15% of the total fluid reduction. TBV analysis demonstrated a wide range in the extent of intravascular overload. Dismissal measurements revealed marginally reduced intravascular volume post-diuretic therapy despite large reductions in body weight. Mobilization of interstitial fluid to the intravascular compartment with diuresis accounted for this disparity. Intravascular volume, however, remained increased at dismissal. The extent, composition, and distribution of volume overload are highly variable in DCHF, and this variability needs to be taken into account in the approach to individualized therapy. TBV quantitation, particularly serial measurements, can facilitate informed volume management with respect to a goal of treating to euvolemia. Copyright © 2014 American College of Cardiology Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Foundational Supports and Interventions for Students with Autism Spectrum Disorders

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Long, Jennie L.

2012-01-01

Although the professional literature related to Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has focused on successful interventions and strategies there is a paucity of research documenting which of these methods and supports are most foundational and essential for classroom use. Specifically, literature does not define the interventions and strategies which…

A new control method based on the lattice hydrodynamic model considering the double flux difference

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Qin, Shunda; Ge, Hongxia; Cheng, Rongjun

2018-05-01

Not Available Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11702153, 71571107, and 61773290), the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province, China (Grant No. LY18A010003), and the K.C. Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University, China.

Neonatal stomach volume and physiology suggest feeding at 1-h intervals.

PubMed

Bergman, Nils J

2013-08-01

There is insufficient evidence on optimal neonatal feeding intervals, with a wide range of practices. The stomach capacity could determine feeding frequency. A literature search was conducted for studies reporting volumes or dimensions of stomach capacity before or after birth. Six articles were found, suggesting a stomach capacity of 20 mL at birth. A stomach capacity of 20 mL translates to a feeding interval of approximately 1 h for a term neonate. This corresponds to the gastric emptying time for human milk, as well as the normal neonatal sleep cycle. Larger feeding volumes at longer intervals may therefore be stressful and the cause of spitting up, reflux and hypoglycaemia. Outcomes for low birthweight infants could possibly be improved if stress from overfeeding was avoided while supporting the development of normal gastrointestinal physiology. Cycles between feeding and sleeping at 1-h intervals likely meet the evolutionary expectations of human neonates. ©2013 Foundation Acta Paediatrica. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Comparison of ketorolac 0.45% versus diclofenac 0.1% for macular thickness and volume after uncomplicated cataract surgery.

PubMed

Lee, Tae Hee; Choi, Won; Ji, Yong Sok; Yoon, Kyung Chul

2016-05-01

To compare the effects of ketorolac 0.45% and diclofenac 0.1% on macular thickness and volume after uncomplicated cataract surgery. A total of 76 eyes of 76 patients who underwent uncomplicated cataract surgery were included. Patients were treated with either diclofenac 0.1% (38 eyes) or ketorolac 0.45% (38 eyes) after surgery. The macular thickness and volume were obtained with optical coherence tomography (OCT). Central subfield thickness (CST, OCT 1 mm zone), total foveal thickness (TFT, OCT 3 mm zone), total macular thickness (TMT, OCT 6 mm zone), average macular thickness (AMT) and total macular volume (TMV) were compared between the two study groups. No significant differences between groups were found in macular thickness or volume 1 month after cataract surgery. Two months after surgery, the ketorolac group had significantly lower CST, TFT, TMT and AMT than the diclofenac group (p < 0.05 for all). Additionally, 1 and 2 months after surgery, changes from preoperative values in CST (both p = 0.04), AMT (p = 0.02 and p < 0.01, respectively) and TMV (both p = 0.04) were significantly less in the ketorolac group than in the diclofenac group. Following uncomplicated cataract surgery, topical ketorolac 0.45% was more effective than diclofenac 0.1% in preventing increases in macular thickness and volume. © 2015 Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica Foundation. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Foundational Performance Analyses of Pressure Gain Combustion Thermodynamic Benefits for Gas Turbines

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Paxson, Daniel E.; Kaemming, Thomas A.

2012-01-01

A methodology is described whereby the work extracted by a turbine exposed to the fundamentally nonuniform flowfield from a representative pressure gain combustor (PGC) may be assessed. The method uses an idealized constant volume cycle, often referred to as an Atkinson or Humphrey cycle, to model the PGC. Output from this model is used as input to a scalable turbine efficiency function (i.e., a map), which in turn allows for the calculation of useful work throughout the cycle. Integration over the entire cycle yields mass-averaged work extraction. The unsteady turbine work extraction is compared to steady work extraction calculations based on various averaging techniques for characterizing the combustor exit pressure and temperature. It is found that averages associated with momentum flux (as opposed to entropy or kinetic energy) provide the best match. This result suggests that momentum-based averaging is the most appropriate figure-of-merit to use as a PGC performance metric. Using the mass-averaged work extraction methodology, it is also found that the design turbine pressure ratio for maximum work extraction is significantly higher than that for a turbine fed by a constant pressure combustor with similar inlet conditions and equivalence ratio. Limited results are presented whereby the constant volume cycle is replaced by output from a detonation-based PGC simulation. The results in terms of averaging techniques and design pressure ratio are similar.

A Method for Turbocharging Four-Stroke Single Cylinder Engines

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Buchman, Michael; Winter, Amos

2014-11-01

Turbocharging is not conventionally used with single cylinder engines due to the timing mismatch between when the turbo is powered and when it can deliver air to the cylinder. The proposed solution involves a fixed, pressurized volume - which we call an air capacitor - on the intake side of the engine between the turbocharger and intake valves. The capacitor acts as a buffer and would be implemented as a new style of intake manifold with a larger volume than traditional systems. This talk will present the flow analysis used to determine the optimal size for the capacitor, which was found to be four to five times the engine capacity, as well as its anticipated contributions to engine performance. For a capacitor sized for a one-liter engine, the time to reach operating pressure was found to be approximately two seconds, which would be acceptable for slowly accelerating applications and steady state applications. The air density increase that could be achieved, compared to ambient air, was found to vary between fifty percent for adiabatic compression and no heat transfer from the capacitor, to eighty percent for perfect heat transfer. These increases in density are proportional to, to first order, the anticipated power increases that could be realized. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant No. 1122374.

Spacesuit Water Membrane Evaporator Development for Lunar Missions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Vogel, Matt R.; Peterson, Keith; Zapata, Felipe, III; Dillon, Paul; Trevino, Luis A.

2008-01-01

For future lunar extra-vehicular activities (EVA), one method under consideration for rejecting crew and electronics heat involves evaporating water through a hydrophobic, porous Teflon membrane. A Spacesuit Water Membrane Evaporator (SWME) prototype using the Teflon membrane was tested successfully by Ungar and Thomas (2001) with predicted performance matching test data well. The above referenced work laid the foundation for the design of the SWME development unit, which is being considered for service in the Constellation System Spacesuit Element (CSSE) Portable Life Support System (PLSS). Multiple PLSS SWME configurations were considered on the basis of thermal performance, mass, volume, and performance and manufacturing risk. All configurations were a variation of an alternating concentric water and vapor channel configuration or a stack of alternating rectangular water and vapor channels. Supporting thermal performance trades mapped maximum SWME heat rejection as a function of water channel thickness, vapor channel thickness, channel length, number of water channels, porosity of the membrane structural support, and backpressure valve throat area. Preliminary designs of each configuration were developed to determine total mass and volume as well as to understand manufacturing issues. Review of configurations led to the selection of a concentric annulus configuration that meets the requirements of 800 watts (W) of heat rejection. Detailed design of the SWME development unit will be followed by fabrication of a prototype test unit, with thermal testing expected to start in 2008.

Materials Informatics: The Materials ``Gene'' and Big Data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rajan, Krishna

2015-07-01

Materials informatics provides the foundations for a new paradigm of materials discovery. It shifts our emphasis from one of solely searching among large volumes of data that may be generated by experiment or computation to one of targeted materials discovery via high-throughput identification of the key factors (i.e., “genes”) and via showing how these factors can be quantitatively integrated by statistical learning methods into design rules (i.e., “gene sequencing”) governing targeted materials functionality. However, a critical challenge in discovering these materials genes is the difficulty in unraveling the complexity of the data associated with numerous factors including noise, uncertainty, and the complex diversity of data that one needs to consider (i.e., Big Data). In this article, we explore one aspect of materials informatics, namely how one can efficiently explore for new knowledge in regimes of structure-property space, especially when no reasonable selection pathways based on theory or clear trends in observations exist among an almost infinite set of possibilities.

Predicting viscous-range velocity gradient dynamics in large-eddy simulations of turbulence

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Johnson, Perry; Meneveau, Charles

2017-11-01

The details of small-scale turbulence are not directly accessible in large-eddy simulations (LES), posing a modeling challenge because many important micro-physical processes depend strongly on the dynamics of turbulence in the viscous range. Here, we introduce a method for coupling existing stochastic models for the Lagrangian evolution of the velocity gradient tensor with LES to simulate unresolved dynamics. The proposed approach is implemented in LES of turbulent channel flow and detailed comparisons with DNS are carried out. An application to modeling the fate of deformable, small (sub-Kolmogorov) droplets at negligible Stokes number and low volume fraction with one-way coupling is carried out. These results illustrate the ability of the proposed model to predict the influence of small scale turbulence on droplet micro-physics in the context of LES. This research was made possible by a graduate Fellowship from the National Science Foundation and by a Grant from The Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative.

Bundled payment fails to gain a foothold In California: the experience of the IHA bundled payment demonstration.

PubMed

Ridgely, M Susan; de Vries, David; Bozic, Kevin J; Hussey, Peter S

2014-08-01

To determine whether bundled payment could be an effective payment model for California, the Integrated Healthcare Association convened a group of stakeholders (health plans, hospitals, ambulatory surgery centers, physician organizations, and vendors) to develop, through a consensus process, the methods and means of implementing bundled payment. In spite of a high level of enthusiasm and effort, the pilot did not succeed in its goal to implement bundled payment for orthopedic procedures across multiple payers and hospital-physician partners. An evaluation of the pilot documented a number of barriers, such as administrative burden, state regulatory uncertainty, and disagreements about bundle definition and assumption of risk. Ultimately, few contracts were signed, which resulted in insufficient volume to test hypotheses about the impact of bundled payment on quality and costs. Although bundled payment failed to gain a foothold in California, the evaluation provides lessons for future bundled payment initiatives. Project HOPE—The People-to-People Health Foundation, Inc.

Jetting of a ultrasound contrast microbubble near a rigid wall

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sarkar, Kausik; Mobadersany, Nima

2017-11-01

Micron sized gas-bubbles coated with a stabilizing shell of lipids or proteins, are used as contrast enhancing agents for ultrasound imaging. However, they are increasingly being explored for novel applications in drug delivery through a process called sonoporation, the reversible permeabilization of the cell membrane. Under sufficiently strong acoustic excitations, bubbles form a jet and collapse near a wall. The jetting of free bubbles has been extensively studied by boundary element method (BEM). Here, for the first time, we implemented a rigorous interfacial rheological model of the shell into BEM and investigated the jet formation. The code has been carefully validated against past results. Increasing shell elasticity decreases the maximum bubble volume and the collapse time, while the jet velocity increases. The shear stress on the wall is computed and analyzed. A phase diagram as functions of excitation pressure and wall separation describes jet formation. Effects of shell elasticity and frequency on the phase diagram are investigated. Partially supported by National Science Foundation.

A Phase Field Study of the Effect of Microstructure Grain Size Heterogeneity on Grain Growth

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Crist, David J. D.

Recent studies conducted with sharp-interface models suggest a link between the spatial distribution of grain size variance and average grain growth rate. This relationship and its effect on grain growth rate was examined using the diffuse-interface Phase Field Method on a series of microstructures with different degrees of grain size gradation. Results from this work indicate that the average grain growth rate has a positive correlation with the average grain size dispersion for phase field simulations, confirming previous observations. It is also shown that the grain growth rate in microstructures with skewed grain size distributions is better measured through the change in the volume-weighted average grain size than statistical mean grain size. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1334283. The NSF project title is "DMREF: Real Time Control of Grain Growth in Metals" and was awarded by the Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing Innovation division under the Designing Materials to Revolutionize and Engineer our Future (DMREF) program.

Study on unsteady hydrodynamic performance of propeller in waves

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhao, Qingxin; Guo, Chunyu; Su, Yumin; Liu, Tian; Meng, Xiangyin

2017-09-01

The speed of a ship sailing in waves always slows down due to the decrease in efficiency of the propeller. So it is necessary and essential to analyze the unsteady hydrodynamic performance of propeller in waves. This paper is based on the numerical simulation and experimental research of hydrodynamics performance when the propeller is under wave conditions. Open-water propeller performance in calm water is calculated by commercial codes and the results are compared to experimental values to evaluate the accuracy of the numerical simulation method. The first-order Volume of Fluid (VOF) wave method in STAR CCM+ is utilized to simulate the three-dimensional numerical wave. According to the above prerequisite, the numerical calculation of hydrodynamic performance of the propeller under wave conditions is conducted, and the results reveal that both thrust and torque of the propeller under wave conditions reveal intense unsteady behavior. With the periodic variation of waves, ventilation, and even an effluent phenomenon appears on the propeller. Calculation results indicate, when ventilation or effluent appears, the numerical calculation model can capture the dynamic characteristics of the propeller accurately, thus providing a significant theory foundation for further studying the hydrodynamic performance of a propeller in waves.

System and method for radiation dose calculation within sub-volumes of a monte carlo based particle transport grid

DOEpatents

Bergstrom, Paul M.; Daly, Thomas P.; Moses, Edward I.; Patterson, Jr., Ralph W.; Schach von Wittenau, Alexis E.; Garrett, Dewey N.; House, Ronald K.; Hartmann-Siantar, Christine L.; Cox, Lawrence J.; Fujino, Donald H.

2000-01-01

A system and method is disclosed for radiation dose calculation within sub-volumes of a particle transport grid. In a first step of the method voxel volumes enclosing a first portion of the target mass are received. A second step in the method defines dosel volumes which enclose a second portion of the target mass and overlap the first portion. A third step in the method calculates common volumes between the dosel volumes and the voxel volumes. A fourth step in the method identifies locations in the target mass of energy deposits. And, a fifth step in the method calculates radiation doses received by the target mass within the dosel volumes. A common volume calculation module inputs voxel volumes enclosing a first portion of the target mass, inputs voxel mass densities corresponding to a density of the target mass within each of the voxel volumes, defines dosel volumes which enclose a second portion of the target mass and overlap the first portion, and calculates common volumes between the dosel volumes and the voxel volumes. A dosel mass module, multiplies the common volumes by corresponding voxel mass densities to obtain incremental dosel masses, and adds the incremental dosel masses corresponding to the dosel volumes to obtain dosel masses. A radiation transport module identifies locations in the target mass of energy deposits. And, a dose calculation module, coupled to the common volume calculation module and the radiation transport module, for calculating radiation doses received by the target mass within the dosel volumes.

Volumetric Analysis of Regional Variability in the Cerebellum of Children with Dyslexia

PubMed Central

Stuebing, Karla; Juranek, Jenifer; Fletcher, Jack M.

2013-01-01

Cerebellar deficits and subsequent impairment in procedural learning may contribute to both motor difficulties and reading impairment in dyslexia. We used quantitative magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the role of regional variation in cerebellar anatomy in children with single-word decoding impairments (N=23), children with impairment in fluency alone (N=8), and typically developing children (N=16). Children with decoding impairments (dyslexia) demonstrated no statistically significant differences in overall grey and white matter volumes or cerebellar asymmetry; however, reduced volume in the anterior lobe of the cerebellum relative to typically developing children was observed. These results implicate cerebellar involvement in dyslexia and establish an important foundation for future research on the connectivity of the cerebellum and cortical regions typically associated with reading impairment. PMID:23828023

Volumetric analysis of regional variability in the cerebellum of children with dyslexia.

PubMed

Fernandez, Vindia G; Stuebing, Karla; Juranek, Jenifer; Fletcher, Jack M

2013-12-01

Cerebellar deficits and subsequent impairment in procedural learning may contribute to both motor difficulties and reading impairment in dyslexia. We used quantitative magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the role of regional variation in cerebellar anatomy in children with single-word decoding impairments (N = 23), children with impairment in fluency alone (N = 8), and typically developing children (N = 16). Children with decoding impairments (dyslexia) demonstrated no statistically significant differences in overall grey and white matter volumes or cerebellar asymmetry; however, reduced volume in the anterior lobe of the cerebellum relative to typically developing children was observed. These results implicate cerebellar involvement in dyslexia and establish an important foundation for future research on the connectivity of the cerebellum and cortical regions typically associated with reading impairment.

SU-E-T-294: Dosimetric Analysis of Planning Phase Using Overlap Volume Histogram for Respiratory Gated Radiotherapy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kang, S; Kim, D; Kim, T

2015-06-15

Purpose: End-of-exhale (EOE) phase is generally preferred for gating window because tumor position is more reproducible. However, other gating windows might be more appropriate for dose distribution perspective. In this pilot study, we proposed to utilize overlap volume histogram (OVH) to search optimized gating window and demonstrated its feasibility. Methods: We acquired 4DCT of 10 phases for 3 lung patients (2 with a target at right middle lobe and 1 at right upper lobe). After structures were defined in every phase, the OVH of each OAR was generated to quantify the three dimensional spatial relationship between the PTV and OARsmore » (bronchus, esophagus, heart and cord etc.) at each phase. OVH tells the overlap volume of an OAR according to outward distance from the PTV. Relative overlap volume at 20 mm outward distance from the PTV (ROV-20) was also defined as a metric for measuring overlap volume and obtained. For dose calculation, 3D CRT plans were made for all phases under the same beam angles and objectives (e.g., 95% of the PTV coverage with at least 100% of the prescription dose of 50 Gy). The gating window phase was ranked according to ROV-20, and the relationship between the OVH and dose distribution at each phase was evaluated by comparing the maximum dose, mean dose, and equivalent uniform dose of OAR. Results: OVHs showed noticeable difference from phase to phase, implying it is possible to find optimal phases for gating window. For 2 out of 3 patients (both with a target at RML), maximum dose, mean dose, and EUD increased as ROV-20 increased. Conclusion: It is demonstrated that optimal phases (in dose distribution perspective) for gating window could exist and OVH can be a useful tool for determining such phases without performing dose optimization calculations in all phases. This work was supported by the Radiation Technology R&D program (No. 2013M2A2A7043498) and the Mid-career Researcher Program (2012-007883) through the National Research Foundation (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning (MSIP) of Korea.« less

Errors in Computing the Normalized Protein Catabolic Rate due to Use of Single-pool Urea Kinetic Modeling or to Omission of the Residual Kidney Urea Clearance.

PubMed

Daugirdas, John T

2017-07-01

The protein catabolic rate normalized to body size (PCRn) often is computed in dialysis units to obtain information about protein ingestion. However, errors can manifest when inappropriate modeling methods are used. We used a variable volume 2-pool urea kinetic model to examine the percent errors in PCRn due to use of a 1-pool urea kinetic model or after omission of residual urea clearance (Kru). When a single-pool model was used, 2 sources of errors were identified. The first, dependent on the ratio of dialyzer urea clearance to urea distribution volume (K/V), resulted in a 7% inflation of the PCRn when K/V was in the range of 6 mL/min per L. A second, larger error appeared when Kt/V values were below 1.0 and was related to underestimation of urea distribution volume (due to overestimation of effective clearance) by the single-pool model. A previously reported prediction equation for PCRn was valid, but data suggest that it should be modified using 2-pool eKt/V and V coefficients instead of single-pool values. A third source of error, this one unrelated to use of a single-pool model, namely omission of Kru, was shown to result in an underestimation of PCRn, such that each ml/minute Kru per 35 L of V caused a 5.6% underestimate in PCRn. Marked overestimation of PCRn can result due to inappropriate use of a single-pool urea kinetic model, particularly when Kt/V <1.0 (as in short daily dialysis), or after omission of residual native kidney clearance. Copyright © 2017 National Kidney Foundation, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Development of an in silico stochastic 4D model of tumor growth with angiogenesis.

PubMed

Forster, Jake C; Douglass, Michael J J; Harriss-Phillips, Wendy M; Bezak, Eva

2017-04-01

A stochastic computer model of tumour growth with spatial and temporal components that includes tumour angiogenesis was developed. In the current work it was used to simulate head and neck tumour growth. The model also provides the foundation for a 4D cellular radiotherapy simulation tool. The model, developed in Matlab, contains cell positions randomised in 3D space without overlap. Blood vessels are represented by strings of blood vessel units which branch outwards to achieve the desired tumour relative vascular volume. Hypoxic cells have an increased cell cycle time and become quiescent at oxygen tensions less than 1 mmHg. Necrotic cells are resorbed. A hierarchy of stem cells, transit cells and differentiated cells is considered along with differentiated cell loss. Model parameters include the relative vascular volume (2-10%), blood oxygenation (20-100 mmHg), distance from vessels to the onset of necrosis (80-300 μm) and probability for stem cells to undergo symmetric division (2%). Simulations were performed to observe the effects of hypoxia on tumour growth rate for head and neck cancers. Simulations were run on a supercomputer with eligible parts running in parallel on 12 cores. Using biologically plausible model parameters for head and neck cancers, the tumour volume doubling time varied from 45 ± 5 days (n = 3) for well oxygenated tumours to 87 ± 5 days (n = 3) for severely hypoxic tumours. The main achievements of the current model were randomised cell positions and the connected vasculature structure between the cells. These developments will also be beneficial when irradiating the simulated tumours using Monte Carlo track structure methods. © 2017 American Association of Physicists in Medicine.

Built environment affecting visitors' walking choice in commercial areas? - A study with GPS experiments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hahm, Y.; Yoon, H.

2016-12-01

Retail location is one of the most critical factors explaining the success of store operations. Store owners prefer to choose locations with high visibility and convenient transportation, which might be likely reasons for higher pedestrian volume, hence larger chance to capture impulse shoppers, resulting in more profits. While researches have focused on discerning relationship between pedestrian route choice and physical environments via indirect measures such as survey questionnaire and interviews, recent technologies such as Global Positioning System (GPS) enables collecting direct and precise waking route data. In this study, we investigate the physical environments in which pedestrians prefer to be in commercial district, and further analyze if such locations encompass stores with higher store revenues. The primary method is GPS experiment and travel diary for over hundred visitors of the study site, Hongik University commercial areas in Seoul, South Korea, and statistical analysis, Structural Equation Model (SEM). With SEM, we could assess endogenous latent variables indicating built environments, such as Density, Diversity, Destination Accessibility, Design, and Retail Attraction, and exogenous latent variable, the pedestrian walking choice, based on the observation of pedestrian volume and walking speed. Observed variables include the number of stores, building uses, kind of retail, and pedestrian volume, and walking speed. This research will shed light on planning commercial districts, emphasizing the role of pedestrian walking in the success of retail business, and providing a clue on how to encourage pedestrian visitation by improving physical environment. This work is supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning (No. 2015R1C1A2A01055615)

Outcomes of PCI in Relation to Procedural Characteristics and Operator Volumes in the United States.

PubMed

Fanaroff, Alexander C; Zakroysky, Pearl; Dai, David; Wojdyla, Daniel; Sherwood, Matthew W; Roe, Matthew T; Wang, Tracy Y; Peterson, Eric D; Gurm, Hitinder S; Cohen, Mauricio G; Messenger, John C; Rao, Sunil V

2017-06-20

Professional guidelines have reduced the recommended minimum number to an average of 50 percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) procedures performed annually by each operator. Operator volume patterns and associated outcomes since this change are unknown. The authors describe herein PCI operator procedure volumes; characteristics of low-, intermediate-, and high-volume operators; and the relationship between operator volume and clinical outcomes in a large, contemporary, nationwide sample. Using data from the National Cardiovascular Data Registry collected between July 1, 2009, and March 31, 2015, we examined operator annual PCI volume. We divided operators into low- (<50 PCIs per year), intermediate- (50 to 100 PCIs per year), and high- (>100 PCIs per year) volume groups, and determined the adjusted association between annual PCI volume and in-hospital outcomes, including mortality. The median annual number of procedures performed per operator was 59; 44% of operators performed <50 PCI procedures per year. Low-volume operators more frequently performed emergency and primary PCI procedures and practiced at hospitals with lower annual PCI volumes. Unadjusted in-hospital mortality was 1.86% for low-volume operators, 1.73% for intermediate-volume operators, and 1.48% for high-volume operators. The adjusted risk of in-hospital mortality was higher for PCI procedures performed by low- and intermediate-volume operators compared with those performed by high-volume operators (adjusted odds ratio: 1.16 for low versus high; adjusted odds ratio: 1.05 for intermediate vs. high volume) as was the risk for new dialysis post PCI. No volume relationship was observed for post-PCI bleeding. Many PCI operators in the United States are performing fewer than the recommended number of PCI procedures annually. Although absolute risk differences are small and may be partially explained by unmeasured differences in case mix between operators, there remains an inverse relationship between PCI operator volume and in-hospital mortality that persisted in risk-adjusted analyses. Copyright © 2017 American College of Cardiology Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Using vignettes to explore work-based learning: part 2.

PubMed

Wareing, Mark

This is the second of two articles exploring the use of vignettes as an alternative method of presenting the data arising from interviews. The interviews were carried out as part of research into work-based learning: both articles are based on findings from a hermeneutic phenomenological study into the lived experience of foundation degree mentors and their students-healthcare assistants undertaking a foundation degree in health and social care in order to become assistant practitioners. Part 2 presents a vignette of a notional assistant practitioner, Michelle, that describes her lived experience as a foundation degree student. Michelle's perspective is a distillation of data arising from interviews with 11 former foundation degree students. The vignette attempts to demonstrate the features of 'knowing' and 'becoming' in the practice of foundation degree students, and the impact that being a work-based learner has on students' perceptions of lifelong learning.

The Development of the Foundations of Modern Pedagogy: Paradigmal and Methodological Aspects of Research

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dmitrenko, ?amara ?.; Lavryk, Tatjana V.; Yaresko, Ekaterina V.

2015-01-01

Changes in the various fields of knowledge influenced the pedagogical science. The article explains the structure of the foundations of modern pedagogy through paradigmal and methodological aspects. Bases of modern pedagogy include complex of paradigms, object and subject of science, general and specific principles, methods and technologies.…

Monitoring the formation of oil-water emulsions with a fast spatially resolved NMR spectroscopy method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

You, Meng-Ting; Wei, Zhi-Liang; Yang, Jian; Cui, Xiao-Hong; Chen, Zhong

2018-02-01

Not Available Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province, China (Grant Nos. 2016J01078 and 2017J05011), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (Grant Nos. 20720160125 and 20720150018), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11705068).

Action Foundations! a Comic (Book) Tale of Defending Educational Studies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nuñez, Isabel; Konkol, Pamela J.

2013-01-01

When defending educational foundations, Isabel Nunez and Pamela Konkol sometimes find themselves responding to the question of "why?"-often phrased, "But WHYYYYY do we have to take a class on this stuff??? (We want to take more methods!)." As distressing as this can be for teacher educators whose own work reveals rather a…

When Technique Is the Foundation of Health Care

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Downing, Raymond

2012-01-01

One of the clearest examples of a technological system, in the sense that Ellul discussed it, is contemporary biomedical health care. The foundation of technological systems is technique: efficient methods for achieving isolated goals. However, the goal of health care should be to achieve health in the full sense of wholeness. Traditional healing…

Experimental and Numerical Research of Stress-Strain State of Homogeneous Soil Massif at Interaction with Single Barrette

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ter-Martirosyan, Z. G.; Ter-Martirosyan, A. Z.; Sidorov, V. V.

2017-11-01

Deep foundations are used for the design of high-rise buildings due to a large pressure transfer on the soil base. The foundations of buildings sometimes use barrettes which are able to perceive significant vertical and horizontal loads due to improved lateral surface. Barrettes have increased load bearing capacity as compared with large diameter piles. In modern practice the interaction between barrettes and soil is investigated by analytical and numerical methods and has no sufficient experimental confirmation. The review of experimental methods for the research of the intense stress-strain state of the uniform soil massif at interaction with elements of a deep foundation is provided in this article. Experimental research are planned with the use of laboratory stand for the purpose of qualitative data obtaining on the interaction barrettes with an assessment of a settlement model adequacy and also at the research of the intense stress-strain state by numerical methods.

Two-dimensional fracture analysis of piezoelectric material based on the scaled boundary node method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shen-Shen, Chen; Juan, Wang; Qing-Hua, Li

2016-04-01

A scaled boundary node method (SBNM) is developed for two-dimensional fracture analysis of piezoelectric material, which allows the stress and electric displacement intensity factors to be calculated directly and accurately. As a boundary-type meshless method, the SBNM employs the moving Kriging (MK) interpolation technique to an approximate unknown field in the circumferential direction and therefore only a set of scattered nodes are required to discretize the boundary. As the shape functions satisfy Kronecker delta property, no special techniques are required to impose the essential boundary conditions. In the radial direction, the SBNM seeks analytical solutions by making use of analytical techniques available to solve ordinary differential equations. Numerical examples are investigated and satisfactory solutions are obtained, which validates the accuracy and simplicity of the proposed approach. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11462006 and 21466012), the Foundation of Jiangxi Provincial Educational Committee, China (Grant No. KJLD14041), and the Foundation of East China Jiaotong University, China (Grant No. 09130020).

Prediction of soft soil foundation settlement in Guangxi granite area based on fuzzy neural network model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Luo, Junhui; Wu, Chao; Liu, Xianlin; Mi, Decai; Zeng, Fuquan; Zeng, Yongjun

2018-01-01

At present, the prediction of soft foundation settlement mostly use the exponential curve and hyperbola deferred approximation method, and the correlation between the results is poor. However, the application of neural network in this area has some limitations, and none of the models used in the existing cases adopted the TS fuzzy neural network of which calculation combines the characteristics of fuzzy system and neural network to realize the mutual compatibility methods. At the same time, the developed and optimized calculation program is convenient for engineering designers. Taking the prediction and analysis of soft foundation settlement of gully soft soil in granite area of Guangxi Guihe road as an example, the fuzzy neural network model is established and verified to explore the applicability. The TS fuzzy neural network is used to construct the prediction model of settlement and deformation, and the corresponding time response function is established to calculate and analyze the settlement of soft foundation. The results show that the prediction of short-term settlement of the model is accurate and the final settlement prediction result has certain engineering reference value.

MX Siting Investigation. Preliminary Geotechnical Investigation. Proposed Operational Base Site, Coyote Spring Valley, Nevada. Volume I. Synthesis.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-12-23

slopes, location of potential aggregate sources, types of I foundations for the various structures and their aliowahle bearing pressures , and...limestone and dolomite are generally gray and dark gray, thick-bedded to massive, and are commonly I jointed. Bedding is defined by differential erosion...limestone and dolomite occurs about 1 1/2 miles (2.4 km) north of State Route 7 on the western side of Pahranagat Wash (Drawing 5-1). It has the same general

Yatesville Lake, Big Sandy River Basin, Blaine Creek, Kentucky. Foundation Report. Construction of Dam and Appurtenant Works, Phase 2. Volume 1

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-09-01

and grouting were performed from the rock surface using expandable-air packers . Grouting was performed by injecting, into a hole, a neat grout ( cement ...Water & cement type I & II Mix: ........................... 6:1 to 0.75:1 Connection: .................... Air packer , close to surface...pressure tested then backfilled. The holes were hydraulic-pressure tested with a single air- expanding packer near the surface at 5 psi gauge pressure. If

Hartwell Lake Project, Savannah River, Georgia and South Carolina. Rehabilitation of Clemson Upper Diversion Dam. Construction Foundation Report. Volume 2. Appendices B thru E

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-08-01

remove by gravity -washed out 585.8 i -- 89. 2 gneiss from inner - ibarrel Bottom of hole 89.2’ Tape depth 89.0’ 90 -0 I-Note: 6-7-84 water level after...barrel and5 _-_89.3 washed all meterial Bottom of hole 89.3’ left in outer barrel- 90 out of barrel befor- drilling for pull I Tape depth 89.0’ Note

Interstellar Initiative Web Page Design

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mehta, Alkesh

1999-01-01

This summer at NASA/MSFC, I have contributed to two projects: Interstellar Initiative Web Page Design and Lenz's Law Relative Motion Demonstration. In the Web Design Project, I worked on an Outline. The Web Design Outline was developed to provide a foundation for a Hierarchy Tree Structure. The Outline would help design a Website information base for future and near-term missions. The Website would give in-depth information on Propulsion Systems and Interstellar Travel. The Lenz's Law Relative Motion Demonstrator is discussed in this volume by Russell Lee.

The Coast Artillery Journal. Volume 82, Number 3, May-June 1939

DTIC Science & Technology

1939-06-01

He 200 THE COAST ARTILLERY JOURNAL obeys willingly and intelligently when he knows the need for obedience. Obedience is the foundation of discipline...From his own experience as a listener the radio officer knows some of the qualities needed to make a broadcast "broadcastable." Band music, of course...so that our statesmen and voters may know how best to avoid wars or at least how best to restore peace." Colonel Scammell refers here to the need for

Making the Grade: Making the Case for Well-Educated, Well-Trained Teaching Staff in Early Care and Education. Quality Matters: A Policy Brief Series on Early Care and Education. Volume 2, Fall 2007

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Edie, David

2007-01-01

The last quarter century of research on brain development suggests that the nurturing and learning experiences available in the first few years play a strong role in shaping a child's development. Babies are born with a remarkable intrinsic ability to learn. The foundation for a child's intellect, personality and skills is established in the first…

Construction Foundation Report, South Platte River Basin, Bear Creek Lake, Colorado. Volume 1. Text and Photos.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-02-01

to create shock energy for each line. The purpose of the seismic work was to aid in a determination of the rippability of bedrock in the spillway...area and to provide general information on the nature of the rock material for design and construction work. The determination of rippability was...of Contractor preference. The cost may very well be the same.- A complication that makes the rippability of this Rarticular rock difficult to assess

Cone beam computed tomography images fusion in predicting lung ablation volumes: a feasibility study.

PubMed

Ierardi, Anna Maria; Petrillo, Mario; Xhepa, Genti; Laganà, Domenico; Piacentino, Filippo; Floridi, Chiara; Duka, Ejona; Fugazzola, Carlo; Carrafiello, Gianpaolo

2016-02-01

Recently different software with the ability to plan ablation volumes have been developed in order to minimize the number of attempts of positioning electrodes and to improve a safe overall tumor coverage. To assess the feasibility of three-dimensional cone beam computed tomography (3D CBCT) fusion imaging with "virtual probe" positioning, to predict ablation volume in lung tumors treated percutaneously. Pre-procedural computed tomography contrast-enhanced scans (CECT) were merged with a CBCT volume obtained to plan the ablation. An offline tumor segmentation was performed to determine the number of antennae and their positioning within the tumor. The volume of ablation obtained, evaluated on CECT performed after 1 month, was compared with the pre-procedural predicted one. Feasibility was assessed on the basis of accuracy evaluation (visual evaluation [VE] and quantitative evaluation [QE]), technical success (TS), and technical effectiveness (TE). Seven of the patients with lung tumor treated by percutaneous thermal ablation were selected and treated on the basis of the 3D CBCT fusion imaging. In all cases the volume of ablation predicted was in accordance with that obtained. The difference in volume between predicted ablation volumes and obtained ones on CECT at 1 month was 1.8 cm(3) (SD ± 2, min. 0.4, max. 0.9) for MW and 0.9 cm(3) (SD ± 1.1, min. 0.1, max. 0.7) for RF. Use of pre-procedural 3D CBCT fusion imaging could be useful to define expected ablation volumes. However, more patients are needed to ensure stronger evidence. © The Foundation Acta Radiologica 2015.

Chemical and Temperature Effects on Diffusion in a Model Polymer/Nanoparticle Composite

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Janes, Dustin; Durning, Christopher

Polymers and inks used in medical devices may be strengthened with nanoparticle fillers, so an understanding of how they may affect the release of residuals and additives via diffusion will help modernize biocompatibility testing. Transport of small molecules in polymers with increasing volume fraction of impermeable nanoparticles is often poorly predicted by the simple Maxwell model for heterogeneous media. In this presentation we will examine two diffusant classes, only one of which possesses hydrogen bonding interactions with the nanoparticle surface. Since similar reductions in mutual diffusion coefficients were observed in both cases we attribute the enhancement of the ''blocking effect'' in nanocomposites to a reduction in polymer mobility in the interfacial volume near the nanoparticle. The temperature and penetrant concentration dependence of the diffusion coefficients were examined in the context of a Vrentas-Duda free volume model that includes a thermally activated prefactor. While data obtained for rubbery poly(methyl acrylate) clearly obeys the expected Arrhenius scaling with EA = 11 kJ/mol, results for films containing d = 14 nm spherical silica nanoparticles do not, providing more evidence that polymer free volume is perturbed in unexpected ways even for conceptually simple systems. National Science Foundation IGERT Program, Pall Corporation.

Nominal effective immunoreaction volume of magnetic beads at single bead level.

PubMed

Wang, Rui; Chen, Yuan; Fan, Kai; Ji, Feng; Wu, Jian; Yu, Yong-Hua

Immunomagnetic bead (IMB)-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been the tool frequently used for protein detection in research and clinical laboratories. For most ELISA reactions the recommended dosage of IMBs is usually according to their weight (mg) or mass fraction (w/v) instead of the bead number. Consequently, the processes occurring in the immediate vicinity of the IMBs have always been ignored by researchers and they cannot be revealed in detail during the ELISA reaction. In this paper, we established the relationship between number of IMBs and colorimetric results, and further proposed a new concept of "nominal effective immunoreaction volume (NEIV)" to characterize a single IMB during ELISA reaction. Results showed that the NEIV of a single IMB has a constant value, which is unrelated to the amount of beads and the concentration of antigen. Optimal results of the colorimetric ELISA are achieved when the incubation volume meets each IMB's NEIV and is no longer enhanced by increasing the incubation volume. Thus, the reliable and relatively precise number of IMBs for ELISA detection during practical application could be determined. Most importantly, a study using IMB's NEIV would lay the foundation for a kinetics analysis of IMBs and antigens for future study.

[La Medicina del Lavoro: 100 volumes].

PubMed

Zocchetti, C

2009-01-01

With these pages La Medicina del Lavoro starts its 100th volume, so we have yet another historical occasion to celebrate the oldest occupational health journal in the world that is still publishing. Over the last few years we have had many occasions to celebrate, for example several anniversaries of the Journal (the 80th volume in 1989, 90 years in 1992, 100 years in 2001); the centenary of the foundation of the Clinica del Lavoro "Luigi Devoto" of Milan in 2001; the celebration of the 300 years' anniversary of the publication of De Morbis Artificum Diatriba by Bernardino Ramazzini, and we obviously hope to continue for many years to come in this positive outlook. One hundred volumes makes for a very large collection, with the highs and lows ofthe Journal's history (here we mean the variations in number of pages and physical size of the Journal). It is thanks to the Editors-in-chief(there have been very few so we can cite them all: Luigi Devoto, 1901-1936; Luigi Preti, 1936-1941; Enrico Vigliani, 1943-1992; e Vito Foà, 1992 to the present); the contributors who in various ways and with varying degrees of commitment but always with an exceptional personal participation, that it has been possible to reach 100 volumes, starting with C. Moreschi who, along with Luigi Devoto, was the first and sole editor at the Journal's foundation; up to the present extended and impressive editorial board; the printers (from the first. Tipografia Cooperativa, Via dei Molini in Pavia, to the latest: Casa Editrice Mattioli in Fidenza); the sponsors, including the most evident who, via advertising (rather limited as a matter offact), directly gave information about themselves, but also those who have often been or are behind the scenes, ensuring fundamental support which is not visible; content. articles, news, events, reports, ideas, opinions, photographs, tables, numbers... etc, which are really impossible to sum up. But the true collection which, for obvious reasons, cannot be individually named, consists of the people and the ideas that have enriched the history of the Journal in its over 100 years of existence. And the subscribers, above all, who by their almost anonymous presence have been the true guarantors of the Journal's ife. And of course the contributors who with their articles have consigned a part of their lives to history. Starting from 1925 we counted nearly 11.000, a really grand number. It would be wonderful if we could invite them all to a hypothetical (and impossible) grand convention to simply say "Thank you, your contributions will not be forgotten". There have been 100 volumes but in actual fact the Journal is more than 100 years old. It was founded in Pavia in 1901 as Il Lavoro-Rivista di fisiologia, clinica ed igiene del lavoro, and between 1901 and 1910 only three volumes were published, then, due to the difficulties during the First World War and the immediate post-war years, there were no issues in 1916, 1918 and 1919. Issues finally became regular in 1920 with volume 11; from that moment on not one issue was missed and the Journal even got through the Second World War without interruptions. In 1925, with volume 16, it took on the name that still distinguishes it to-day: La Medicina del Lavoro, "the official standard bearer of a work of enormous scientific, social and political content" as Luigi Devoto presented the event at the time. The first few years of the Journal were difficult ones (with only three volumes published in 10 years) to the effect that events such as the First International Congress on Occupational Diseases (Milano, 1906), the foundation of the International Commission for Occupational Health (1906), the First National Italian Congress on Occupational Diseases (Palermo, 1907), and above all the inauguration of the Clinica del Lavoro in Milano (20 March, 1910) are not reported in the Journal, which by 1911 had resumed publication but had moved to Milan. Many years have passed since those first three volumes and in the meantime we have moved on to another century and another millenium: this brings new opportunities, new responsibilities, new perspectives, new objectives, but also new subscribers, new contributors, new authors, and new topics. We would like to conclude by repeating the undertaking made "20 volumes ago": The Editorial Board wishes to thank everyone and take the opportunity to renew our unfaltering commitment to work well by ensuring our full respect for authors and readers so as to contribute, via the pages of La Medicina del Lavoro, to spreading love and knowledge of our discipline.

Brain Volume Estimation Enhancement by Morphological Image Processing Tools.

PubMed

Zeinali, R; Keshtkar, A; Zamani, A; Gharehaghaji, N

2017-12-01

Volume estimation of brain is important for many neurological applications. It is necessary in measuring brain growth and changes in brain in normal/abnormal patients. Thus, accurate brain volume measurement is very important. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the method of choice for volume quantification due to excellent levels of image resolution and between-tissue contrast. Stereology method is a good method for estimating volume but it requires to segment enough MRI slices and have a good resolution. In this study, it is desired to enhance stereology method for volume estimation of brain using less MRI slices with less resolution. In this study, a program for calculating volume using stereology method has been introduced. After morphologic method, dilation was applied and the stereology method enhanced. For the evaluation of this method, we used T1-wighted MR images from digital phantom in BrainWeb which had ground truth. The volume of 20 normal brain extracted from BrainWeb, was calculated. The volumes of white matter, gray matter and cerebrospinal fluid with given dimension were estimated correctly. Volume calculation from Stereology method in different cases was made. In three cases, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) was measured. Case I with T=5, d=5, Case II with T=10, D=10 and Case III with T=20, d=20 (T=slice thickness, d=resolution as stereology parameters). By comparing these results of two methods, it is obvious that RMSE values for our proposed method are smaller than Stereology method. Using morphological operation, dilation allows to enhance the estimation volume method, Stereology. In the case with less MRI slices and less test points, this method works much better compared to Stereology method.

Full-wave Nonlinear Inverse Scattering for Acoustic and Electromagnetic Breast Imaging

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Haynes, Mark Spencer

Acoustic and electromagnetic full-wave nonlinear inverse scattering techniques are explored in both theory and experiment with the ultimate aim of noninvasively mapping the material properties of the breast. There is evidence that benign and malignant breast tissue have different acoustic and electrical properties and imaging these properties directly could provide higher quality images with better diagnostic certainty. In this dissertation, acoustic and electromagnetic inverse scattering algorithms are first developed and validated in simulation. The forward solvers and optimization cost functions are modified from traditional forms in order to handle the large or lossy imaging scenes present in ultrasonic and microwave breast imaging. An antenna model is then presented, modified, and experimentally validated for microwave S-parameter measurements. Using the antenna model, a new electromagnetic volume integral equation is derived in order to link the material properties of the inverse scattering algorithms to microwave S-parameters measurements allowing direct comparison of model predictions and measurements in the imaging algorithms. This volume integral equation is validated with several experiments and used as the basis of a free-space inverse scattering experiment, where images of the dielectric properties of plastic objects are formed without the use of calibration targets. These efforts are used as the foundation of a solution and formulation for the numerical characterization of a microwave near-field cavity-based breast imaging system. The system is constructed and imaging results of simple targets are given. Finally, the same techniques are used to explore a new self-characterization method for commercial ultrasound probes. The method is used to calibrate an ultrasound inverse scattering experiment and imaging results of simple targets are presented. This work has demonstrated the feasibility of quantitative microwave inverse scattering by way of a self-consistent characterization formalism, and has made headway in the same area for ultrasound.

SU-E-T-618: Plan Robustness Study of Volumetric-Modulated Arc Therapy Vs. Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy for Head and Neck Cancer

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Liu, W; Patel, S; Shen, J

Purpose: Lack of plan robustness may contribute to local failure in volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) to treat head and neck (H&N) cancer. Thus we compared plan robustness of VMAT with intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). Methods: VMAT and IMRT plans were created for 9 H&N cancer patients. For each plan, six new perturbed dose distributions were computed — one each for ± 3mm setup deviations along the S-I, A-P and L-R directions. We used three robustness quantification tools: (1) worst-case analysis (WCA); (2) dose-volume histograms (DVHs) band (DVHB); and (3) root-mean-square-dose deviation (RMSD) volume histogram (DDVH). DDVH represents the relative volumemore » (y) on the vertical axis and the RMSD (x) on the horizontal axis. Similar to DVH, this means that y% of the volume of the indicated structure has the RMSD at least x Gy[RBE].The width from the first two methods at different target DVH indices (such as D95 and D5) and the area under the DDVH curves (AUC) for the target were used to indicate plan robustness. In these robustness quantification tools, the smaller the value, the more robust the plan is. Plan robustness evaluation metrics were compared using Wilcoxon test. Results: DVHB showed the width at D95 from IMRT to be larger than from VMAT (unit Gy) [1.59 vs 1.18 (p=0.49)], while the width at D5 from IMRT was found to be slightly larger than from VMAT [0.59 vs 0.54 (p=0.84)]. WCA showed similar results [D95: 3.28 vs 3.00 (p=0.56); D5: 1.68 vs 1.95 (p=0.23)]. DDVH showed the AUC from IMRT to be slightly smaller than from VMAT [1.13 vs 1.15 (p=0.43)]. Conclusion: VMAT plan robustness is comparable to IMRT plan robustness. The plan robustness conclusions from WCA and DVHB are DVH parameter dependent. On the other hand DDVH captures the overall effect of uncertainties on the dose to a volume of interest. NIH/NCI K25CA168984; Eagles Cancer Research Career Development; The Lawrence W. and Marilyn W. Matteson Fund for Cancer Research Mayo ASU Seed Grant; The Kemper Marley Foundation.« less

Spacecraft angular velocity estimation algorithm for star tracker based on optical flow techniques

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tang, Yujie; Li, Jian; Wang, Gangyi

2018-02-01

An integrated navigation system often uses the traditional gyro and star tracker for high precision navigation with the shortcomings of large volume, heavy weight and high-cost. With the development of autonomous navigation for deep space and small spacecraft, star tracker has been gradually used for attitude calculation and angular velocity measurement directly. At the same time, with the dynamic imaging requirements of remote sensing satellites and other imaging satellites, how to measure the angular velocity in the dynamic situation to improve the accuracy of the star tracker is the hotspot of future research. We propose the approach to measure angular rate with a nongyro and improve the dynamic performance of the star tracker. First, the star extraction algorithm based on morphology is used to extract the star region, and the stars in the two images are matched according to the method of angular distance voting. The calculation of the displacement of the star image is measured by the improved optical flow method. Finally, the triaxial angular velocity of the star tracker is calculated by the star vector using the least squares method. The method has the advantages of fast matching speed, strong antinoise ability, and good dynamic performance. The triaxial angular velocity of star tracker can be obtained accurately with these methods. So, the star tracker can achieve better tracking performance and dynamic attitude positioning accuracy to lay a good foundation for the wide application of various satellites and complex space missions.

A High-Order Finite Spectral Volume Method for Conservation Laws on Unstructured Grids

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wang, Z. J.; Liu, Yen; Kwak, Dochan (Technical Monitor)

2001-01-01

A time accurate, high-order, conservative, yet efficient method named Finite Spectral Volume (FSV) is developed for conservation laws on unstructured grids. The concept of a 'spectral volume' is introduced to achieve high-order accuracy in an efficient manner similar to spectral element and multi-domain spectral methods. In addition, each spectral volume is further sub-divided into control volumes (CVs), and cell-averaged data from these control volumes is used to reconstruct a high-order approximation in the spectral volume. Riemann solvers are used to compute the fluxes at spectral volume boundaries. Then cell-averaged state variables in the control volumes are updated independently. Furthermore, TVD (Total Variation Diminishing) and TVB (Total Variation Bounded) limiters are introduced in the FSV method to remove/reduce spurious oscillations near discontinuities. A very desirable feature of the FSV method is that the reconstruction is carried out only once, and analytically, and is the same for all cells of the same type, and that the reconstruction stencil is always non-singular, in contrast to the memory and CPU-intensive reconstruction in a high-order finite volume (FV) method. Discussions are made concerning why the FSV method is significantly more efficient than high-order finite volume and the Discontinuous Galerkin (DG) methods. Fundamental properties of the FSV method are studied and high-order accuracy is demonstrated for several model problems with and without discontinuities.

A method for generating double-ring-shaped vector beams

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huan, Chen; Xiao-Hui, Ling; Zhi-Hong, Chen; Qian-Guang, Li; Hao, Lv; Hua-Qing, Yu; Xu-Nong, Yi

2016-07-01

We propose a method for generating double-ring-shaped vector beams. A step phase introduced by a spatial light modulator (SLM) first makes the incident laser beam have a nodal cycle. This phase is dynamic in nature because it depends on the optical length. Then a Pancharatnam-Berry phase (PBP) optical element is used to manipulate the local polarization of the optical field by modulating the geometric phase. The experimental results show that this scheme can effectively create double-ring-shaped vector beams. It provides much greater flexibility to manipulate the phase and polarization by simultaneously modulating the dynamic and the geometric phases. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11547017), the Hubei Engineering University Research Foundation, China (Grant No. z2014001), and the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province, China (Grant No. 2014CFB578).

PREFACE: 10th Summer School on Theoretical Physics 'Symmetry and Structural Properties of Condensed Matter'

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lulek, Tadeusz; Wal, Andrzej; Lulek, Barbara

2010-03-01

This volume contains the Proceedings of the Tenth Summer School on Theoretical Physics under the banner title 'Symmetry and Structural Properties of Condensed Matter' (SSPCM 2009). The School was organized by Rzeszow University of Technology, Poland, in cooperation with AGH University of Science and Technology, Cracow, Poland, and took place on 2-9 September 2009 in Myczkowce, Poland. With this meeting we have reached the round number ten of the series of biannual SSPCM schools, which started in 1990 and were focused on some advanced mathematical methods of condensed matter physics. The first five meetings were held in Zajaczkowo near Poznan, under the auspices of The Institute of Physics of Adam Mickiewicz University, and the last five in Myczkowce near Rzeszów, in the south-eastern part of Poland. Within these two decades several young workers who started at kindergarten lectures at SSPCM, have now reached their PhD degrees, professorships and authority. Proceedings of the first seven SSPCM meetings were published as separate volumes by World Scientific, and the last two as volumes 30 and 104 of Journal of Physics: Conference Series. The present meeting is also the third of the last schools which put the emphasis on quantum informatics. The main topics of our jubilee SSPCM'09 are the following: Information processing, entanglement, and tensor calculus, Integrable models and unitary symmetry, Finite systems and nanophysics. The Proceedings are divided into three parts accordingly. The school gathered together 55 participants from seven countries and several scientific centers in Poland, accommodating again advanced research with young collaborators and students. Acknowledgements The Organizing Committee would like to express its gratitude to all participants for their many activities during the School and for creating a friendly and inspiring atmosphere within our SSPCM society. Special thanks are due to all lecturers for preparing and presenting their talks and also for several valuable discussion. We would like to express our thanks to all those who prepared manuscripts, to all referees who spent their time to significantly improve our elaborations, and thus the quality of this volume, to all members of our International Advisory Committee and to chairmen for their polite and efficient leading of sessions. It is our pleasure to express special gratitude to The Nicolas C Metropolis Mathematics Foundation (Los Alamos, USA) for substantial financial support of our three last SSPCM schools. Indeed, it provided an essential basis for performing these meetings. We direct this gratitude to Professor James D Louck, the President of this Foundation. Also, we were happy to hear from Professor Louck that this series of schools has had an important influence on his activities on application of unitary groups in physics. It has resulted in a new monograph: James D Louck, 'Unitary Symmetry and Combinatorics', World Scientific, New Jersey 2008, which was presented at our jubilee meeting. Tadeusz Lulek, Andrzej Wal and Barbara Lulek

Assessment of the Efficiency of Consolidation Treatment through Injections of Expanding Resins by Geotechnical Tests and 3D Electrical Resistivity Tomography

PubMed Central

2015-01-01

The design and execution of consolidation treatment of settled foundations by means of injection of polyurethane expanding resins require a proper investigation of the state of the foundation soil, in order to better identify anomalies responsible for the instability. To monitor the injection process, a procedure has been developed, which involves, in combination with traditional geotechnical tests, the application of a noninvasive, geophysical technique based on the electrical resistivity, which is strongly sensitive to presence of water or voids. Three-dimensional electrical resistivity tomography is a useful tool to produce effective 3D images of the foundation soils before, during, and after the injections. The achieved information allows designing the consolidation scheme and monitoring its effects on the treated volumes in real time. To better understand the complex processes induced by the treatment and to learn how variations of resistivity accompany increase of stiffness, an experiment was carried out in a full-scale test site. Injections of polyurethane expanding resin were performed as in real worksite conditions. Results confirm that the experimented approach by means of 3D resistivity imaging allows a reliable procedure of consolidation, and geotechnical tests demonstrate the increase of mechanical stiffness. PMID:26167521

Strategies for efficient resolution analysis in full-waveform inversion

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fichtner, A.; van Leeuwen, T.; Trampert, J.

2016-12-01

Full-waveform inversion is developing into a standard method in the seismological toolbox. It combines numerical wave propagation for heterogeneous media with adjoint techniques in order to improve tomographic resolution. However, resolution becomes increasingly difficult to quantify because of the enormous computational requirements. Here we present two families of methods that can be used for efficient resolution analysis in full-waveform inversion. They are based on the targeted extraction of resolution proxies from the Hessian matrix, which is too large to store and to compute explicitly. Fourier methods rest on the application of the Hessian to Earth models with harmonic oscillations. This yields the Fourier spectrum of the Hessian for few selected wave numbers, from which we can extract properties of the tomographic point-spread function for any point in space. Random probing methods use uncorrelated, random test models instead of harmonic oscillations. Auto-correlating the Hessian-model applications for sufficiently many test models also characterises the point-spread function. Both Fourier and random probing methods provide a rich collection of resolution proxies. These include position- and direction-dependent resolution lengths, and the volume of point-spread functions as indicator of amplitude recovery and inter-parameter trade-offs. The computational requirements of these methods are equivalent to approximately 7 conjugate-gradient iterations in full-waveform inversion. This is significantly less than the optimisation itself, which may require tens to hundreds of iterations to reach convergence. In addition to the theoretical foundations of the Fourier and random probing methods, we show various illustrative examples from real-data full-waveform inversion for crustal and mantle structure.

Particle Size Influence on the Effective Permeability of Composite Materials

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xiang, Tai; Zhong, Ru-Neng; Yao, Bin; Qin, Shao-Jing; Zheng, Qin-Hong

2018-05-01

The energy method, which estimates the effective permeability of composite material is proposed. We approximate the effective static magnetic permeability by energy method and Maxwell-Garnett method for spherical particles dispersing system. Considering the effect of the interface layer between the medium and the particle, we study the nanoparticles embedded in a medium exactly. The interface layer property plays a significant factor for the effective permeability of the composite material in which nano-sized particles embedded. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan province under Grant No. 2014FB141 and National Natural Science Foundation under Grant No. 1121403 of China

The National Osteoporosis Foundation's methods and processes for developing position statements.

PubMed

Wallace, Taylor C; Bauer, Douglas C; Gagel, Robert F; Greenspan, Susan L; Lappe, Joan M; LeBoff, Meryl S; Recker, Robert R; Saag, Kenneth G; Singer, Andrea J

2016-01-01

The methods and processes described in this manuscript have been approved and adopted by the NOF Board of Trustees on November 11, 2015. This manuscript has been peer-reviewed by the NOF Research Committee and Osteoporosis International. The National Osteoporosis Foundation frequently publishes position statements for the benefit of educating healthcare professionals and the general public on a particular issue and/or concern related to preventing osteoporosis and/or promoting strong bones throughout the lifespan. This manuscript represents the official methods and processes adopted by the NOF Board of Trustees for the purpose developing future position statements in a transparent and unbiased manner.

Foundations of Constructing a Marketing Data Base; Profitable Applications of the Computer to Marketing Management.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Podell, Harold J.

An introduction into the foundations of constructing a marketing data base is presented for the systems and marketing executives who are familiar with basic computer technology methods. The techniques and concepts presented are now being implemented by major organizations in the development of Management Information Systems (MIS). A marketing data…

Evaluating University-Industry Collaboration: The European Foundation of Quality Management Excellence Model-Based Evaluation of University-Industry Collaboration

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kauppila, Osmo; Mursula, Anu; Harkonen, Janne; Kujala, Jaakko

2015-01-01

The growth in university-industry collaboration has resulted in an increasing demand for methods to evaluate it. This paper presents one way to evaluate an organization's collaborative activities based on the European Foundation of Quality Management excellence model. Success factors of collaboration are derived from literature and compared…

77 FR 41755 - Takes of Marine Mammals Incidental to Specified Activities; Three Marine Geophysical Surveys in...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-16

... subsistence uses (where relevant). The authorization must set forth the permissible methods of taking; other...,'' prepared by LGL Limited Environmental Research Associates, on behalf of the Foundation. We also issued a..., with research funding from the Foundation, plans to conduct three research studies on the Juan de Fuca...

Theoretical investigation on the excited state intramolecular proton transfer in Me2N substituted flavonoid by the time-dependent density functional theory method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yin, Hang; Shi, Ying

2018-05-01

Not Available Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2013CB922204), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11574115 and 11704146), and the Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province, China (Grant No. 20150101063JC).

Not the Norm: The Potential of Tree Analysis of Performance Data from Students in a Foundation Mathematics Module

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kirby, Nicola; Dempster, Edith

2015-01-01

Quantitative methods of data analysis usually involve inferential statistics, and are not well known for their ability to reflect the intricacies of a diverse student population. The South African tertiary education sector is characterised by extreme inequality and diversity. Foundation programmes address issues of inequality of access by…

Rural Development Research: A Foundation for Policy. Contributions in Economics and Economic History, Number 170.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rowley, Thomas D., Ed.; And Others

This book addresses the need for research information that can be used as a foundation for rural development policy. Part I deals with the four components of rural development: education (human capital), entrepreneurship, physical infrastructure, and social infrastructure. Part II examines analytic methods of measuring rural development efforts,…

Gauge interactions theory and experiment

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zichichi, A.

This volume brings together physicists from around the world to report and discuss the exciting advances made recently in theoretical and experimental aspects of gauge interactions. Following a presentation of the theoretical foundations of and recent developments in gauge fields, the contrib utors fogus on supersymmetry, the derivation of Higgs particles from gauge fields, and heavy leptons. Other chapters discuss the use of quantum chromodynamics in describing basic interactions among quarks and gluons, in predicting the existence of glueballs, and in application to heavy flavor production in strong interactions. The editor, Antonino Zichichi, provides a study of the multiparticle hadronicmore » systems produced in highenergy soft (pp) interactions. Other interesting chapters deal with photon scattering at very high energies and theoretical alternatives to the electroweak model, and the volume concludes with proposals for future experimental facilities for European physics.« less

Thermodynamic holography.

PubMed

Wei, Bo-Bo; Jiang, Zhan-Feng; Liu, Ren-Bao

2015-10-19

The holographic principle states that the information about a volume of a system is encoded on the boundary surface of the volume. Holography appears in many branches of physics, such as optics, electromagnetism, many-body physics, quantum gravity, and string theory. Here we show that holography is also an underlying principle in thermodynamics, a most important foundation of physics. The thermodynamics of a system is fully determined by its partition function. We prove that the partition function of a finite but arbitrarily large system is an analytic function on the complex plane of physical parameters, and therefore the partition function in a region on the complex plane is uniquely determined by its values along the boundary. The thermodynamic holography has applications in studying thermodynamics of nano-scale systems (such as molecule engines, nano-generators and macromolecules) and provides a new approach to many-body physics.

Engineering clinically relevant volumes of vascularized bone.

PubMed

Roux, Brianna M; Cheng, Ming-Huei; Brey, Eric M

2015-05-01

Vascularization remains one of the most important challenges that must be overcome for tissue engineering to be consistently implemented for reconstruction of large volume bone defects. An extensive vascular network is needed for transport of nutrients, waste and progenitor cells required for remodelling and repair. A variety of tissue engineering strategies have been investigated in an attempt to vascularize tissues, including those applying cells, soluble factor delivery strategies, novel design and optimization of bio-active materials, vascular assembly pre-implantation and surgical techniques. However, many of these strategies face substantial barriers that must be overcome prior to their ultimate translation into clinical application. In this review recent progress in engineering vascularized bone will be presented with an emphasis on clinical feasibility. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd and Foundation for Cellular and Molecular Medicine.

Placing Asian American Child Development Within Historical Context.

PubMed

Kiang, Lisa; Tseng, Vivian; Yip, Tiffany

2016-07-01

This article discusses influences of historical time and place on the development of children and youth of Asian descent in the U.S. Chinese, Indian, Hmong, and Filipino American experiences illustrate how history has defined race and racial stereotypes, determined cultural and community contexts, established pre-/postmigration circumstances, and influenced oppression and discrimination. Cross-cutting issues as applied to other ethnicities are discussed. By recognizing history's reach on child development, this article intends to inspire others to acknowledge and consider historical influences in their work. It also lays a foundation for the two ensuing articles within this Special Section, which present a novel conceptual framework (Mistry et al., this volume) and methodological recommendations (Yoshikawa, Mistry, & Wang, this volume) for research. © 2016 The Authors. Child Development © 2016 Society for Research in Child Development, Inc.

Transmission X-ray microscopy (TXM) reveals the nanostructure of a smectite gel.

PubMed

Zbik, Marek S; Martens, Wayde N; Frost, Ray L; Song, Yen-Fang; Chen, Yi-Ming; Chen, Jian-Hua

2008-08-19

The unusual behavior of smectites, the ability to change volume when wetted (swelling) or dried (shrinking), makes soil rich in smectites very unstable and dangerous for the building industry because of the movement of building foundations and poor slope stability. These macroscopic properties are dominated by the structural arrangement of the smectites' finest fraction. Here, we show in three dimensions how the swelling phenomenon in smectite, caused by a combination of hydratation and electrostatic forces, may expand the dry smectite volume not 10-fold, as previously thought, but to more than 1000-fold. A new technique, transmission X-ray microscopy, makes it possible to investigate the internal structure and 3-D tomographic reconstruction of clay aggregates. This reveals, for the first time, the smectite gel arrangement in the voluminous cellular tactoid structure within a natural aqueous environment.

Mechanical Properties of Steel Fiber Reinforced all Lightweight Aggregate Concrete

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, Y. M.; Li, J. Y.; Zhen, Y.; Nie, Y. N.; Dong, W. L.

2018-05-01

In order to study the basic mechanical properties and failure characteristics of all lightweight aggregate concrete with different volume of steel fiber (0%, 1%, 2%), shale ceramsite is used as light coarse aggregate. The shale sand is made of light fine aggregate and mixed with different volume of steel fiber, and the mix proportion design of all lightweight aggregate concrete is carried out. The cubic compressive strength, axial compressive strength, flexural strength, splitting strength and modulus of elasticity of steel fiber all lightweight aggregate concrete were studied. Test results show that the incorporation of steel fiber can restrict the cracking of concrete, improve crack resistance; at the same time, it shows good plastic deformation ability and failure morphology. It lays a theoretical foundation for further research on the application of all lightweight aggregate concrete in structural systems.

European Lung Foundation: from local to global.

PubMed

Powell, Pippa; Williams, Sîan; Smyth, Dan

2016-09-01

Although there are many patient organisations in Europe, this is not the case in all countries across the globe.Access to care is one of the main global issues highlighted by the European Lung Foundation International Patient Advisory Committee.The European Respiratory Society/European Lung Foundation Healthy Lungs for Life campaign can be used locally or globally to raise awareness of the risk factors for lung disease.Implementation science is a method that can be used to assess the feasibility of using research findings in routine healthcare in clinical settings in different parts of the world. To show how patient- and public-focussed initiatives and activities can be adapted and modified to be effective in local, national and international settings, and to provide specific examples of these from the European Lung Foundation.

Five methods of breast volume measurement: a comparative study of measurements of specimen volume in 30 mastectomy cases.

PubMed

Kayar, Ragip; Civelek, Serdar; Cobanoglu, Murat; Gungor, Osman; Catal, Hidayet; Emiroglu, Mustafa

2011-03-27

To compare breast volume measurement techniques in terms of accuracy, convenience, and cost. Breast volumes of 30 patients who were scheduled to undergo total mastectomy surgery were measured preoperatively by using five different methods (mammography, anatomic [anthropometric], thermoplastic casting, the Archimedes procedure, and the Grossman-Roudner device). Specimen volume after total mastectomy was measured in each patient with the water displacement method (Archimedes). The results were compared statistically with the values obtained by the five different methods. The mean mastectomy specimen volume was 623.5 (range 150-1490) mL. The breast volume values were established to be 615.7 mL (r = 0.997) with the mammographic method, 645.4 mL (r = 0.975) with the anthropometric method, 565.8 mL (r = 0.934) with the Grossman-Roudner device, 583.2 mL (r = 0.989) with the Archimedes procedure, and 544.7 mL (r = 0.94) with the casting technique. Examination of r values revealed that the most accurate method was mammography for all volume ranges, followed by the Archimedes method. The present study demonstrated that the most accurate method of breast volume measurement is mammography, followed by the Archimedes method. However, when patient comfort, ease of application, and cost were taken into consideration, the Grossman-Roudner device and anatomic measurement were relatively less expensive, and easier methods with an acceptable degree of accuracy.

A Foundational Approach to Designing Geoscience Ontologies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brodaric, B.

2009-05-01

E-science systems are increasingly deploying ontologies to aid online geoscience research. Geoscience ontologies are typically constructed independently by isolated individuals or groups who tend to follow few design principles. This limits the usability of the ontologies due to conceptualizations that are vague, conflicting, or narrow. Advances in foundational ontologies and formal engineering approaches offer promising solutions, but these advanced techniques have had limited application in the geosciences. This paper develops a design approach for geoscience ontologies by extending aspects of the DOLCE foundational ontology and the OntoClean method. Geoscience examples will be presented to demonstrate the feasibility of the approach.

Micro-foundations for macroeconomics: New set-up based on statistical physics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yoshikawa, Hiroshi

2016-12-01

Modern macroeconomics is built on "micro foundations." Namely, optimization of micro agent such as consumer and firm is explicitly analyzed in model. Toward this goal, standard model presumes "the representative" consumer/firm, and analyzes its behavior in detail. However, the macroeconomy consists of 107 consumers and 106 firms. For the purpose of analyzing such macro system, it is meaningless to pursue the micro behavior in detail. In this respect, there is no essential difference between economics and physics. The method of statistical physics can be usefully applied to the macroeconomy, and provides Keynesian economics with correct micro-foundations.

A Novel Method to Compute Breathing Volumes via Motion Capture Systems: Design and Experimental Trials.

PubMed

Massaroni, Carlo; Cassetta, Eugenio; Silvestri, Sergio

2017-10-01

Respiratory assessment can be carried out by using motion capture systems. A geometrical model is mandatory in order to compute the breathing volume as a function of time from the markers' trajectories. This study describes a novel model to compute volume changes and calculate respiratory parameters by using a motion capture system. The novel method, ie, prism-based method, computes the volume enclosed within the chest by defining 82 prisms from the 89 markers attached to the subject chest. Volumes computed with this method are compared to spirometry volumes and to volumes computed by a conventional method based on the tetrahedron's decomposition of the chest wall and integrated in a commercial motion capture system. Eight healthy volunteers were enrolled and 30 seconds of quiet breathing data collected from each of them. Results show a better agreement between volumes computed by the prism-based method and the spirometry (discrepancy of 2.23%, R 2  = .94) compared to the agreement between volumes computed by the conventional method and the spirometry (discrepancy of 3.56%, R 2  = .92). The proposed method also showed better performances in the calculation of respiratory parameters. Our findings open up prospects for the further use of the new method in the breathing assessment via motion capture systems.

A Comparison of Height-Accumulation and Volume-Equation Methods for Estimating Tree and Stand Volumes

Treesearch

R.B. Ferguson; V. Clark Baldwin

1995-01-01

Estimating tree and stand volume in mature plantations is time consuming, involving much manpower and equipment; however, several sampling and volume-prediction techniques are available. This study showed that a well-constructed, volume-equation method yields estimates comparable to those of the often more time-consuming, height-accumulation method, even though the...

Numerical study of the stress-strain state of reinforced plate on an elastic foundation by the Bubnov-Galerkin method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Beskopylny, Alexey; Kadomtseva, Elena; Strelnikov, Grigory

2017-10-01

The stress-strain state of a rectangular slab resting on an elastic foundation is considered. The slab material is isotropic. The slab has stiffening ribs that directed parallel to both sides of the plate. Solving equations are obtained for determining the deflection for various mechanical and geometric characteristics of the stiffening ribs which are parallel to different sides of the plate, having different rigidity for bending and torsion. The calculation scheme assumes an orthotropic slab having different cylindrical stiffness in two mutually perpendicular directions parallel to the reinforcing ribs. An elastic foundation is adopted by Winkler model. To determine the deflection the Bubnov-Galerkin method is used. The deflection is taken in the form of an expansion in a series with unknown coefficients by special polynomials, which are a combination of Legendre polynomials.

Divergence correction schemes in finite difference method for 3D tensor CSAMT in axial anisotropic media

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Kunpeng; Tan, Handong; Zhang, Zhiyong; Li, Zhiqiang; Cao, Meng

2017-05-01

Resistivity anisotropy and full-tensor controlled-source audio-frequency magnetotellurics (CSAMT) have gradually become hot research topics. However, much of the current anisotropy research for tensor CSAMT only focuses on the one-dimensional (1D) solution. As the subsurface is rarely 1D, it is necessary to study three-dimensional (3D) model response. The staggered-grid finite difference method is an effective simulation method for 3D electromagnetic forward modelling. Previous studies have suggested using the divergence correction to constrain the iterative process when using a staggered-grid finite difference model so as to accelerate the 3D forward speed and enhance the computational accuracy. However, the traditional divergence correction method was developed assuming an isotropic medium. This paper improves the traditional isotropic divergence correction method and derivation process to meet the tensor CSAMT requirements for anisotropy using the volume integral of the divergence equation. This method is more intuitive, enabling a simple derivation of a discrete equation and then calculation of coefficients related to the anisotropic divergence correction equation. We validate the result of our 3D computational results by comparing them to the results computed using an anisotropic, controlled-source 2.5D program. The 3D resistivity anisotropy model allows us to evaluate the consequences of using the divergence correction at different frequencies and for two orthogonal finite length sources. Our results show that the divergence correction plays an important role in 3D tensor CSAMT resistivity anisotropy research and offers a solid foundation for inversion of CSAMT data collected over an anisotropic body.

Electrically Controllable Microparticle Synthesis and Digital Microfluidic Manipulation by Electric-Field-Induced Droplet Dispensing into Immiscible Fluids

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Um, Taewoong; Hong, Jiwoo; Kang, In Seok

2016-11-01

The dispensing of tiny droplets is a basic and crucial process in a myriad of applications, such as DNA/protein microarray, cell cultures, chemical synthesis of microparticles, and digital microfluidics. This work demonstrates the droplet dispensing into immiscible fluids through electric charge concentration (ECC) method. Three main modes (i.e., attaching, uniform and bursting modes) are exhibited as a function of flow rates, applied voltage and gap distance between the nozzle and the oil surface. Through a conventional nozzle with diameter of a few millimeters, charged droplets with volumes ranging from a few μL to a few tens of nL can be uniformly dispensed into the oil chamber without reduction in nozzle size. Based on the features of the proposed method (e.g., formation of droplets with controllable polarity and amount of electric charge in water and oil system), a simple and straightforward method is developed for microparticle synthesis, including preparation for colloidosomes and fabrication of Janus microparticles with anisotropic internal structures. Finally, a combined system consisting of ECC-induced droplet dispensing and electrophoresis of charged droplet (ECD)-driven manipulation systems is constructed. This work was supported by the BK21Plus Program for advanced education of creative chemical engineers of the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) Grant funded by the Korea government (MSIP).

Resource-assessment perspectives for unconventional gas systems

USGS Publications Warehouse

Schmoker, J.W.

2002-01-01

Concepts are described for assessing those unconventional gas systems that can also be defined as continous accumulations. Continuous gas accumulations exist more or less independently of the water column and do not owe their existence directly to the bouyancy of gas in water. They cannot be represented in terms of individual, countable fields or pools delineated by downdip water contacts. For these reasons, traditional resource-assessment methods based on estimating the sizes and numbers of undiscovered discrete fields cannot not be applied to continuous accumulations. Specialized assessment methods are required. Unconventional gas systems that are also continous accumulations include coalbed methane, basin-centered gas, so-called tight gas, fractured shale (and chalk) gas, and gas hydrates. Deep-basin and bacterial gas systems may or may not be continuous accumulations, depending on their geologic setting. Two basic resource-assessment approaches have been employed for continous accumulations. The first approach is based on estimates of gas in place. A volumetric estimate of total gas in place is commonly coupled with an overall recovery factor to narrow the assessment scope from a treatment of gas volumes residing in sedimentary strata to a prediction of potential additions to reserves. The second approach is based on the production performance of continous gas reservoirs, as shown empirically by wells and reservoir-simulation models. In these methods, production characteristics (as opposed to gas in place) are the foundation for forecasts of potential additions to reserves.

Community Outreach in Associate Degree Nursing Programs: AACC/Metropolitan Life Foundation Project, 1995-1996. AACC Project Brief.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barnett, Lynn

In January 1995, five community colleges were selected to participate in a year-long project to implement new teaching methods in associate degree nursing programs to better meet community needs. Supported by the American Association for Community Colleges, with seed money from the Metropolitan Life Foundation, all of the projects also had…

The Relationship between Using the Scrambled Words Reading Strategy and the Vocabulary of Struggling Readers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ward Bowens, Saundra

2013-01-01

About 1 million children encounter reading problems during the first 3 years in school. Numerous teaching methods and various strategies are employed to teach children how to read. Reading provides the foundation for all school-based learning. When one of these foundation skills is missing or deficient, the child may have difficulty learning to…

The Adam Williams initiative: collaborating with community resources to improve care for traumatic brain injury.

PubMed

Bader, Mary Kay; Stutzman, Sonja E; Palmer, Sylvain; Nwagwu, Chiedozie I; Goodman, Gary; Whittaker, Margie; Olson, Daiwai M

2014-12-01

The Brain Trauma Foundation has developed treatment guidelines for the care of patients with acute traumatic brain injury. However, a method to provide broad acceptance and application of these guidelines has not been published. To describe methods for the development, funding, and continued educational efforts of the Adam Williams Initiative; the experiences from the first 10 years may serve as a template for hospitals and nurses that seek to engage in long-term quality improvement collaborations with foundations and/or industry. In 2004, the nonprofit Adam Williams Initiative was established with the goal of providing education and resources that would encourage hospitals across the United States to incorporate the Brain Trauma Foundation's guidelines into practice. Between 2004 and 2014, 37 hospitals have been funded by the Adam Williams Initiative and have had staff members participate in an immersion experience at Mission Hospital (Mission Viejo, California) during which team members received both didactic and hands-on education in the care of traumatic brain injury. Carefully cultivated relationships and relentless teamwork have contributed to successful implementation of the Brain Trauma Foundation's guidelines in US hospitals. ©2014 American Association of Critical-Care Nurses.

A Report On Eight Early-Stage State And Regional Projects Testing Value-Based Payment

PubMed Central

Conrad, Douglas; Grembowski, David; Gibbons, Claire; Marcus-Smith, Miriam; Hernandez, Susan E.; Chang, Judy; Renz, Anne; Lau, Bernard; Cruz, Erin dela

2014-01-01

To help contain health care spending and improve the quality of care, practitioners and policy makers are trying to move away from fee-for-service toward value-based payment, which links providers’ reimbursement to the value, rather than the volume, of services delivered. With funding from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, eight grantees across the country are designing and implementing value-based payment reform projects. For example, in Salem, Oregon, the Physicians Choice Foundation is testing “Program Oriented Payments,” which include incentives for providers who follow a condition-specific program of care designed to meet goals set jointly by patient and provider. In this article we describe the funding rationale and the specific objectives, strategies, progress, and early stages of implementation of the eight projects. We also share some early lessons and identify prerequisites for success, such as ensuring that providers have broad and timely access to data so they can meet patients’ needs in cost-effective ways. PMID:23650332

Direct volume estimation without segmentation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhen, X.; Wang, Z.; Islam, A.; Bhaduri, M.; Chan, I.; Li, S.

2015-03-01

Volume estimation plays an important role in clinical diagnosis. For example, cardiac ventricular volumes including left ventricle (LV) and right ventricle (RV) are important clinical indicators of cardiac functions. Accurate and automatic estimation of the ventricular volumes is essential to the assessment of cardiac functions and diagnosis of heart diseases. Conventional methods are dependent on an intermediate segmentation step which is obtained either manually or automatically. However, manual segmentation is extremely time-consuming, subjective and highly non-reproducible; automatic segmentation is still challenging, computationally expensive, and completely unsolved for the RV. Towards accurate and efficient direct volume estimation, our group has been researching on learning based methods without segmentation by leveraging state-of-the-art machine learning techniques. Our direct estimation methods remove the accessional step of segmentation and can naturally deal with various volume estimation tasks. Moreover, they are extremely flexible to be used for volume estimation of either joint bi-ventricles (LV and RV) or individual LV/RV. We comparatively study the performance of direct methods on cardiac ventricular volume estimation by comparing with segmentation based methods. Experimental results show that direct estimation methods provide more accurate estimation of cardiac ventricular volumes than segmentation based methods. This indicates that direct estimation methods not only provide a convenient and mature clinical tool for cardiac volume estimation but also enables diagnosis of cardiac diseases to be conducted in a more efficient and reliable way.

Optimal back-extrapolation method for estimating plasma volume in humans using the indocyanine green dilution method.

PubMed

Polidori, David; Rowley, Clarence

2014-07-22

The indocyanine green dilution method is one of the methods available to estimate plasma volume, although some researchers have questioned the accuracy of this method. We developed a new, physiologically based mathematical model of indocyanine green kinetics that more accurately represents indocyanine green kinetics during the first few minutes postinjection than what is assumed when using the traditional mono-exponential back-extrapolation method. The mathematical model is used to develop an optimal back-extrapolation method for estimating plasma volume based on simulated indocyanine green kinetics obtained from the physiological model. Results from a clinical study using the indocyanine green dilution method in 36 subjects with type 2 diabetes indicate that the estimated plasma volumes are considerably lower when using the traditional back-extrapolation method than when using the proposed back-extrapolation method (mean (standard deviation) plasma volume = 26.8 (5.4) mL/kg for the traditional method vs 35.1 (7.0) mL/kg for the proposed method). The results obtained using the proposed method are more consistent with previously reported plasma volume values. Based on the more physiological representation of indocyanine green kinetics and greater consistency with previously reported plasma volume values, the new back-extrapolation method is proposed for use when estimating plasma volume using the indocyanine green dilution method.

Generalized Birkhoffian representation of nonholonomic systems and its discrete variational algorithm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Shixing; Liu, Chang; Hua, Wei; Guo, Yongxin

2016-11-01

By using the discrete variational method, we study the numerical method of the general nonholonomic system in the generalized Birkhoffian framework, and construct a numerical method of generalized Birkhoffian equations called a self-adjoint-preserving algorithm. Numerical results show that it is reasonable to study the nonholonomic system by the structure-preserving algorithm in the generalized Birkhoffian framework. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11472124, 11572145, 11202090, and 11301350), the Doctor Research Start-up Fund of Liaoning Province, China (Grant No. 20141050), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2014M560203), and the General Science and Technology Research Plans of Liaoning Educational Bureau, China (Grant No. L2013005).

Method to compute the stress-energy tensor for a quantum field outside a black hole that forms from collapse

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Anderson, Paul; Evans, Charles

2017-01-01

A method to compute the stress-energy tensor for a quantized massless minimally coupled scalar field outside the event horizon of a 4-D black hole that forms from the collapse of a spherically symmetric null shell is given. The method is illustrated in the corresponding 2-D case which is mathematically similar but is simple enough that the calculations can be done analytically. The approach to the Unruh state at late times is discussed. National Science Foundation Grant No. PHY-1505875 to Wake Forest University and National Science Foundation Grant No. PHY-1506182 to the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill

Hydrodynamics of Low Reynolds Respiratory-type Flows

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Connor, Erin; True, Aaron; Crimaldi, John

2017-11-01

Both aquatic and terrestrial animals inhale surrounding fluid for metabolic and sensory purposes. As organisms inhale and exhale, complex fluid interactions occur both internal and external to the physiological orifice. Using both numerical and experimental approaches, we model an idealized respiratory flow consisting of cyclic inhalation and exhalation through a single cylindrical tube. We investigate the effect of varying Reynolds number (Re) as well as the ratio of the inhalation time to the exhalation time (I:E ratio) for a fixed inhalation volume. The numerical model is used for laminar cases at lower Re, whereas the experimental model permits the study to be extended into higher Reynolds numbers that include transitions to turbulence. We map the spatial distribution of both inhaled and exhaled fluid volumes. By comparing these two maps, we can compute the volume of exhaled fluid that is reingested during the subsequent inhalation. The models of interacting inhalation and exhalation exhibit a rich range of flow behaviors across Re number and I:E ratio. This study builds a foundation for more complex studies of animal respiration that will include more realistic morphologies.

Exact nonstationary responses of rectangular thin plate on Pasternak foundation excited by stochastic moving loads

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Guohai; Meng, Zeng; Yang, Dixiong

2018-01-01

This paper develops an efficient method termed as PE-PIM to address the exact nonstationary responses of pavement structure, which is modeled as a rectangular thin plate resting on bi-parametric Pasternak elastic foundation subjected to stochastic moving loads with constant acceleration. Firstly, analytical power spectral density (PSD) functions of random responses for thin plate are derived by integrating pseudo excitation method (PEM) with Duhamel's integral. Based on PEM, the new equivalent von Mises stress (NEVMS) is proposed, whose PSD function contains all cross-PSD functions between stress components. Then, the PE-PIM that combines the PEM with precise integration method (PIM) is presented to achieve efficiently stochastic responses of the plate by replacing Duhamel's integral with the PIM. Moreover, the semi-analytical Monte Carlo simulation is employed to verify the computational results of the developed PE-PIM. Finally, numerical examples demonstrate the high accuracy and efficiency of PE-PIM for nonstationary random vibration analysis. The effects of velocity and acceleration of moving load, boundary conditions of the plate and foundation stiffness on the deflection and NEVMS responses are scrutinized.

Detection and Clinical Patterns of Nephron Hypertrophy and Nephrosclerosis Among Apparently Healthy Adults.

PubMed

Denic, Aleksandar; Alexander, Mariam P; Kaushik, Vidhu; Lerman, Lilach O; Lieske, John C; Stegall, Mark D; Larson, Joseph J; Kremers, Walter K; Vrtiska, Terri J; Chakkera, Harini A; Poggio, Emilio D; Rule, Andrew D

2016-07-01

Even among ostensibly healthy adults, there is often mild pathology in the kidney. The detection of kidney microstructural variation and pathology by imaging and the clinical pattern associated with these structural findings is unclear. Cross-sectional (clinical-pathologic correlation). Living kidney donors at Mayo Clinic (Minnesota and Arizona sites) and Cleveland Clinic 2000 to 2011. Predonation kidney function, risk factors, and contrast computed tomographic scan of the kidneys. These scans were segmented for cortical volume and medullary volume, reviewed for parenchymal cysts, and scored for kidney surface roughness. Nephrosclerosis (glomerulosclerosis, interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy, and arteriosclerosis) and nephron size (glomerular volume, mean profile tubular area, and cortical volume per glomerulus) determined from an implantation biopsy of the kidney cortex at donation. Among 1,520 living kidney donors, nephrosclerosis associated with increased kidney surface roughness, cysts, and smaller cortical to medullary volume ratio. Larger nephron size (nephron hypertrophy) associated with larger cortical volume. Nephron hypertrophy and larger cortical volume associated with higher systolic blood pressure, glomerular filtration rate, and urine albumin excretion; larger body mass index; higher serum uric acid level; and family history of end-stage renal disease. Both nephron hypertrophy and nephrosclerosis associated with older age and mild hypertension. The net effect of both nephron hypertrophy and nephrosclerosis associating with cortical volume was that nephron hypertrophy diminished volume loss with age-related nephrosclerosis and fully negated volume loss with mild hypertension-related nephrosclerosis. Kidney donors are selected on health, restricting the spectrum of pathologic findings. Kidney biopsies in living donors are a small tissue sample leading to imprecise estimates of structural findings. Among apparently healthy adults, the microstructural findings of nephron hypertrophy and nephrosclerosis differ in their associations with kidney function, macrostructure, and risk factors. Copyright © 2016 National Kidney Foundation, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The rise of a science in the early twentieth century: the forgotten voice of Gualtiero Sarfatti and the first "social psychology" volumes in Italy.

PubMed

Sensales, Gilda; Dal Secco, Alessandra

2014-02-01

Establishing social psychology as a distinct field of study has been the object of heated debate over the first decades of the 20th century. Entrenched in different theoretical traditions, such as philosophy, sociology, psychology, and criminology, the development of the conceptual boundaries of social psychology as an autonomous science was the result of a historic effort. Resulting from a negotiation process between competing stances, some voices relevant to the identity construction of social psychology have been lost over time. Within the framework of a "polycentric" historical perspective valorizing local histories, the present study aims to scrutinize those early voices, which were later marginalized. To this scope, we conducted a narrative analysis on the first volumes explicitly naming social psychology in their titles and identified the main themes, conceptual frameworks, and scientific advancements. The analysis illustrates the work of Gualtiero Sarfatti and articulates his forgotten contribution to drawing social psychology as a distinct discipline, built on the scientific method and positioned within the psychological sociocentric tradition. Our analysis reveals the leading role of Sarfatti in the disciplinary foundation of social psychology as a psychological science based on the concept of social psyche. Yet despite the fact his contribution was influential in the scholarly community of his time, our work highlights how his voice vanished from the subsequent disciplinary developments to date, and suggests some explanations behind this neglect.

Mean and Fluctuating Force Distribution in a Random Array of Spheres

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Akiki, Georges; Jackson, Thomas; Balachandar, Sivaramakrishnan

2015-11-01

This study presents a numerical study of the force distribution within a cluster of mono-disperse spherical particles. A direct forcing immersed boundary method is used to calculate the forces on individual particles for a volume fraction range of [0.1, 0.4] and a Reynolds number range of [10, 625]. The overall drag is compared to several drag laws found in the literature. As for the fluctuation of the hydrodynamic streamwise force among individual particles, it is shown to have a normal distribution with a standard deviation that varies with the volume fraction only. The standard deviation remains approximately 25% of the mean streamwise force on a single sphere. The force distribution shows a good correlation between the location of two to three nearest upstream and downstream neighbors and the magnitude of the forces. A detailed analysis of the pressure and shear forces contributions calculated on a ghost sphere in the vicinity of a single particle in a uniform flow reveals a mapping of those contributions. The combination of the mapping and number of nearest neighbors leads to a first order correction of the force distribution within a cluster which can be used in Lagrangian-Eulerian techniques. We also explore the possibility of a binary force model that systematically accounts for the effect of the nearest neighbors. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF OISE-0968313) under Partnership for International Research and Education (PIRE) in Multiphase Flows at the University of Florida.

Crack Monitoring of Operational Wind Turbine Foundations

PubMed Central

McAlorum, Jack; Fusiek, Grzegorz; Niewczas, Pawel; McKeeman, Iain; Rubert, Tim

2017-01-01

The degradation of onshore, reinforced-concrete wind turbine foundations is usually assessed via above-ground inspections, or through lengthy excavation campaigns that suspend wind power generation. Foundation cracks can and do occur below ground level, and while sustained measurements of crack behaviour could be used to quantify the risk of water ingress and reinforcement corrosion, these cracks have not yet been monitored during turbine operation. Here, we outline the design, fabrication and field installation of subterranean fibre-optic sensors for monitoring the opening and lateral displacements of foundation cracks during wind turbine operation. We detail methods for in situ sensor characterisation, verify sensor responses against theoretical tower strains derived from wind speed data, and then show that measured crack displacements correlate with monitored tower strains. Our results show that foundation crack opening displacements respond linearly to tower strain and do not change by more than ±5 μm. Lateral crack displacements were found to be negligible. We anticipate that the work outlined here will provide a starting point for real-time, long-term and dynamic analyses of crack displacements in future. Our findings could furthermore inform the development of cost-effective monitoring systems for ageing wind turbine foundations. PMID:28825687

Crack Monitoring of Operational Wind Turbine Foundations.

PubMed

Perry, Marcus; McAlorum, Jack; Fusiek, Grzegorz; Niewczas, Pawel; McKeeman, Iain; Rubert, Tim

2017-08-21

The degradation of onshore, reinforced-concrete wind turbine foundations is usually assessed via above-ground inspections, or through lengthy excavation campaigns that suspend wind power generation. Foundation cracks can and do occur below ground level, and while sustained measurements of crack behaviour could be used to quantify the risk of water ingress and reinforcement corrosion, these cracks have not yet been monitored during turbine operation. Here, we outline the design, fabrication and field installation of subterranean fibre-optic sensors for monitoring the opening and lateral displacements of foundation cracks during wind turbine operation. We detail methods for in situ sensor characterisation, verify sensor responses against theoretical tower strains derived from wind speed data, and then show that measured crack displacements correlate with monitored tower strains. Our results show that foundation crack opening displacements respond linearly to tower strain and do not change by more than ±5 μ m. Lateral crack displacements were found to be negligible. We anticipate that the work outlined here will provide a starting point for real-time, long-term and dynamic analyses of crack displacements in future. Our findings could furthermore inform the development of cost-effective monitoring systems for ageing wind turbine foundations.

The use of a computerized algorithm to determine single cardiac cell volumes.

PubMed

Marino, T A; Cook, L; Cook, P N; Dwyer, S J

1981-04-01

Single cardiac muscles cell volume data have been difficult to obtain, especially because the shape of a cell is quite complex. With the aid of a surface reconstruction method, a cell volume estimation algorithm has been developed that can be used on serial of cells. The cell surface is reconstructed by means of triangular tiles so that the cell is represented as a polyhedron. When this algorithm was tested on computer generated surfaces of a known volume, the difference was less than 1.6%. Serial sections of two phantoms of a known volume were also reconstructed and a comparison of the mathematically derived volumes and the computed volume estimations gave a per cent difference of between 2.8% and 4.1%. Finally cell volumes derived using conventional methods and volumes calculated using the algorithm were compared. The mean atrial muscle cell volume derived using conventional methods was 7752.7 +/- 644.7 micrometers3, while the mean computerized algorithm estimated atrial muscle cell volume was 7110.6 +/- 625.5 micrometers3. For AV bundle cells the mean cell volume obtained by conventional methods was 484.4 +/- 88.8 micrometers3 and the volume derived from the computer algorithm was 506.0 +/- 78.5 micrometers3. The differences between the volumes calculated using conventional methods and the algorithm were not significantly different.

Comparison of volume estimation methods for pancreatic islet cells

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dvořák, JiřÃ.­; Å vihlík, Jan; Habart, David; Kybic, Jan

2016-03-01

In this contribution we study different methods of automatic volume estimation for pancreatic islets which can be used in the quality control step prior to the islet transplantation. The total islet volume is an important criterion in the quality control. Also, the individual islet volume distribution is interesting -- it has been indicated that smaller islets can be more effective. A 2D image of a microscopy slice containing the islets is acquired. The input of the volume estimation methods are segmented images of individual islets. The segmentation step is not discussed here. We consider simple methods of volume estimation assuming that the islets have spherical or ellipsoidal shape. We also consider a local stereological method, namely the nucleator. The nucleator does not rely on any shape assumptions and provides unbiased estimates if isotropic sections through the islets are observed. We present a simulation study comparing the performance of the volume estimation methods in different scenarios and an experimental study comparing the methods on a real dataset.

SHAKING TABLE TEST AND EFFECTIVE STRESS ANALYSIS ON SEISMIC PERFORMANCE WITH SEISMIC ISOLATION RUBBER TO THE INTERMEDIATE PART OF PILE FOUNDATION IN LIQUEFACTION

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Uno, Kunihiko; Otsuka, Hisanori; Mitou, Masaaki

The pile foundation is heavily damaged at the boundary division of the ground types, liquefied ground and non-liquefied ground, during an earthquake and there is a possibility of the collapse of the piles. In this study, we conduct a shaking table test and effective stress analysis of the influence of soil liquefaction and the seismic inertial force exerted on the pile foundation. When the intermediate part of the pile, there is at the boundary division, is subjected to section force, this part increases in size as compared to the pile head in certain instances. Further, we develop a seismic resistance method for a pile foundation in liquefaction using seismic isolation rubber and it is shown the middle part seismic isolation system is very effective.

Detection of concrete dam leakage using an integrated geophysical technique based on flow-field fitting method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dai, Qianwei; Lin, Fangpeng; Wang, Xiaoping; Feng, Deshan; Bayless, Richard C.

2017-05-01

An integrated geophysical investigation was performed at S dam located at Dadu basin in China to assess the condition of the dam curtain. The key methodology of the integrated technique used was flow-field fitting method, which allowed identification of the hydraulic connections between the dam foundation and surface water sources (upstream and downstream), and location of the anomalous leakage outlets in the dam foundation. Limitations of the flow-field fitting method were complemented with resistivity logging to identify the internal erosion which had not yet developed into seepage pathways. The results of the flow-field fitting method and resistivity logging were consistent when compared with data provided by seismic tomography, borehole television, water injection test, and rock quality designation.

Bibliography on Cold Regions Science and Technology. Volume 33, Part 1 and Part 2

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-12-01

334020 (1978, p 4.10, ruas 33-2685 young sea ice. Niedrauer, T.M., et a ). t1979, High speed tunneling. Tnrasiugin, A , (1978, p.10-t1I, rust Manual fnr...resist- tions In the western High Arctic. Snowi loatd Roofes Sgnowpyis no cu a ance, Test equipment. Bliss, LC., ed, Canada, Arctic Land Use Research toi...permafrost foundation of a Effect of cryogenous processes on the stability of high Numerical solution of problems of the Stefan type for multispsa industrial

Proceedings of the Brain Mapping Machine Design Workshop Held in College Station, TX on 10-16 August, 1985. Volume 3. Background Papers Submitted by Participants.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-08-01

interactively. First, with the "tissue highlight" function, the user must define the range of intensity values (in Hounsfield units ) corresponding to the...Cosponsored by the United States Army Medical Research and Development Command, Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation, Texas A&M University, University of...Research & Development Command DAMDI7-85-G-5042 Sc. ADDRESS (City, State, and ZIP Code) 10. SOURCE OF FUNDING NUMBERS e PROGRAM PROJECT TASK IWORK UNIT

Molecular Biology and Functions of Carrier Proteins. Annual Symposium (46th) of the Society of General Physiologists held in Woods Hole, Massachusetts on September 10-13, 1992. Volume 48

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-09-13

grants from the NIH, NSF. and National Foundation for Cancer Research. M. A. Lemmon is supported by a predoctoral fellowship from the Howard Hughes...American Cancer Society Research Professor. References Ahmad. M.. and H. Bussey. 1988. Topology of membrane insertion in vitro and plasma membrane assembly...Beckwith. 1989. Genetic studies on the inabilitv of beta -galactosidase to be translocated across thc E. coli cytoplasmic membrane. Journal of Bactenoloi

Planar/dpiX common military avionics AMLCDs: roadmap and production

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wanner, John; Gard, Allen; Roselle, Paul; Lewis, Alan

2000-08-01

This paper reviews the current production approach and status at Planar and dpiX utilizing a common design architecture within a family of cockpit AMLCD displays. The present status of low volume production requirements to support military applications, as well as the unique display formats and performance requirements dictated by the specific cockpit applications has resulted in a manufacturing approach requiring common TFT substrate design flexibility and the use of a common foundation for the assembly of AMLCD displays suitable for a variety of high performance military cockpits.

Social-ecological resilience and law

USGS Publications Warehouse

Garmestani, Ahjond S.; Allen, Craig R.

2014-01-01

Environmental law envisions ecological systems as existing in an equilibrium state, reinforcing a rigid legal framework unable to absorb rapid environmental changes and innovations in sustainability. For the past four decades, “resilience theory,” which embraces uncertainty and nonlinear dynamics in complex adaptive systems, has provided a robust, invaluable foundation for sound environmental management. Reforming American law to incorporate this knowledge is the key to sustainability. This volume features top legal and resilience scholars speaking on resilience theory and its legal applications to climate change, biodiversity, national parks, and water law.

Computational intelligence and neuromorphic computing potential for cybersecurity applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pino, Robinson E.; Shevenell, Michael J.; Cam, Hasan; Mouallem, Pierre; Shumaker, Justin L.; Edwards, Arthur H.

2013-05-01

In today's highly mobile, networked, and interconnected internet world, the flow and volume of information is overwhelming and continuously increasing. Therefore, it is believed that the next frontier in technological evolution and development will rely in our ability to develop intelligent systems that can help us process, analyze, and make-sense of information autonomously just as a well-trained and educated human expert. In computational intelligence, neuromorphic computing promises to allow for the development of computing systems able to imitate natural neurobiological processes and form the foundation for intelligent system architectures.

Anti-gravity with present technology - Implementation and theoretical foundation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alzofon, F. E.

1981-07-01

This paper proposes a semi-empirical model of the processes leading to the gravitational field based on accepted features of subatomic processes. Through an analogy with methods of cryogenics, a method of decreasing (or increasing) the gravitational force on a vehicle, using presently-known technology, is suggested. Various ways of ultilizing this effect in vehicle propulsion are described. A unified field theory is then detailed which provides a more formal foundation for the gravitational field model first introduced. In distinction to the general theory of relativity, it features physical processes which generate the gravitational field.

Optimal back-extrapolation method for estimating plasma volume in humans using the indocyanine green dilution method

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

Background The indocyanine green dilution method is one of the methods available to estimate plasma volume, although some researchers have questioned the accuracy of this method. Methods We developed a new, physiologically based mathematical model of indocyanine green kinetics that more accurately represents indocyanine green kinetics during the first few minutes postinjection than what is assumed when using the traditional mono-exponential back-extrapolation method. The mathematical model is used to develop an optimal back-extrapolation method for estimating plasma volume based on simulated indocyanine green kinetics obtained from the physiological model. Results Results from a clinical study using the indocyanine green dilution method in 36 subjects with type 2 diabetes indicate that the estimated plasma volumes are considerably lower when using the traditional back-extrapolation method than when using the proposed back-extrapolation method (mean (standard deviation) plasma volume = 26.8 (5.4) mL/kg for the traditional method vs 35.1 (7.0) mL/kg for the proposed method). The results obtained using the proposed method are more consistent with previously reported plasma volume values. Conclusions Based on the more physiological representation of indocyanine green kinetics and greater consistency with previously reported plasma volume values, the new back-extrapolation method is proposed for use when estimating plasma volume using the indocyanine green dilution method. PMID:25052018

Denoising of chaotic signal using independent component analysis and empirical mode decomposition with circulate translating

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wen-Bo, Wang; Xiao-Dong, Zhang; Yuchan, Chang; Xiang-Li, Wang; Zhao, Wang; Xi, Chen; Lei, Zheng

2016-01-01

In this paper, a new method to reduce noises within chaotic signals based on ICA (independent component analysis) and EMD (empirical mode decomposition) is proposed. The basic idea is decomposing chaotic signals and constructing multidimensional input vectors, firstly, on the base of EMD and its translation invariance. Secondly, it makes the independent component analysis on the input vectors, which means that a self adapting denoising is carried out for the intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) of chaotic signals. Finally, all IMFs compose the new denoised chaotic signal. Experiments on the Lorenz chaotic signal composed of different Gaussian noises and the monthly observed chaotic sequence on sunspots were put into practice. The results proved that the method proposed in this paper is effective in denoising of chaotic signals. Moreover, it can correct the center point in the phase space effectively, which makes it approach the real track of the chaotic attractor. Project supported by the National Science and Technology, China (Grant No. 2012BAJ15B04), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41071270 and 61473213), the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province, China (Grant No. 2015CFB424), the State Key Laboratory Foundation of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, China (Grant No. SOED1405), the Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory Foundation of Metallurgical Industry Process System Science, China (Grant No. Z201303), and the Hubei Key Laboratory Foundation of Transportation Internet of Things, Wuhan University of Technology, China (Grant No.2015III015-B02).

Conservation of species, volume, and belief in patients with Alzheimer's disease: the issue of domain specificity and conceptual impairment.

PubMed

Zaitchik, Deborah; Solomon, Gregg E A

2009-09-01

Two studies investigated whether patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) suffer high-level and category-specific impairment in the conceptual domain of living things. In Experiment 1, AD patients and healthy young and healthy elderly controls took part in three tasks: the conservation of species, volume, and belief. All 3 tasks required tracking an object's identity in the face of irrelevant but salient transformations. Healthy young and elderly controls performed at or near ceiling on all tasks. AD patients were at or near ceiling on the volume and belief tasks, but only about half succeeded on the species task. Experiment 2 demonstrated that the results were not due to simple task demands. AD patients' failure to conserve species indicates that they are impaired in their theoretical understanding of living things, and their success on the volume and belief tasks suggests that the impairment is domain-specific. Two hypotheses are put forward to explain the phenomenon: The first, a category-specific account, holds that the intuitive theory of biology undergoes pervasive degradation; the second, a hybrid domain-general/domain-specific account, holds that impairment to domain-general processes such as executive function interacts with core cognition, the primitive elements that are the foundation of domain-specific knowledge.

Conservation of species, volume, and belief in patients with Alzheimer’s disease: the issue of domain-specificity and conceptual impairment

PubMed Central

Zaitchik, Deborah; Solomon, Gregg E. A.

2009-01-01

Two studies investigated whether patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) suffer high-level and category-specific impairment in the conceptual domain of living things. In Study 1, AD patients and healthy young and healthy elderly controls took part in three tasks: the Conservation of Species, Volume, and Belief. All 3 tasks required tracking an object’s identity in the face of irrelevant but salient transformations. Healthy young and elderly controls performed at or near ceiling on all tasks. AD patients were at or near ceiling on the Volume and Belief tasks, but only about half succeeded on the Species task. Study 2 demonstrated that the results were not due to simple task demands. AD patients’ failure to conserve species indicates that they are impaired in their theoretical understanding of living things, and their success on the Volume and Belief tasks suggests that the impairment is domain-specific. Two hypotheses are put forward to explain the phenomenon: the first, a category-specific account, holds that the intuitive theory of biology undergoes pervasive degradation; the second, a hybrid domain-general/domain-specific account, holds that impairment to domain-general processes such as executive function interacts with core cognition, the primitive elements that are the foundation of domain-specific knowledge. PMID:20043252

Probability modeling of the number of positive cores in a prostate cancer biopsy session, with applications.

PubMed

Serfling, Robert; Ogola, Gerald

2016-02-10

Among men, prostate cancer (CaP) is the most common newly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of death from cancer. A major issue of very large scale is avoiding both over-treatment and under-treatment of CaP cases. The central challenge is deciding clinical significance or insignificance when the CaP biopsy results are positive but only marginally so. A related concern is deciding how to increase the number of biopsy cores for larger prostates. As a foundation for improved choice of number of cores and improved interpretation of biopsy results, we develop a probability model for the number of positive cores found in a biopsy, given the total number of cores, the volumes of the tumor nodules, and - very importantly - the prostate volume. Also, three applications are carried out: guidelines for the number of cores as a function of prostate volume, decision rules for insignificant versus significant CaP using number of positive cores, and, using prior distributions on total tumor size, Bayesian posterior probabilities for insignificant CaP and posterior median CaP. The model-based results have generality of application, take prostate volume into account, and provide attractive tradeoffs of specificity versus sensitivity. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Introduction to Northeast Pacific Shark Biology, Research, and Conservation, Part B.

PubMed

Larson, Shawn E; Lowry, Dayv

Sharks are iconic, sometimes apex, predators found in every ocean. Because of their ecological role as predators and concern over the stability of their populations, there has been an increasing amount of work focused on shark conservation around the world in recent decades. The populations of sharks that reside in the Northeast Pacific (NEP) Ocean bordering the west coast of the United States reside in one of the most economically and ecologically important oceanic regions in the world. Volume 78 of Advances in Marine Biology (AMB) is a companion to Volume 77, which focused primarily on NEP shark biodiversity, organismal biology, and ecology. Volume 78 highlights fisheries and the conservation implications of fisheries management; shark population modelling and the conservation impacts of these models given that many life history metrics of NEP sharks necessary to accurately run these models are still unknown; the value of captive sharks to the biology, outreach, and conservation of NEP sharks; and the conservation value of citizen science and shark ecotourism. Together these volumes encapsulate the current state of the knowledge for sharks in the NEP and lay the foundation for protecting, managing, and learning from these species in the face evolving natural conditions and societal opinions. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved.

Measurement of limb volume: laser scanning versus volume displacement.

PubMed

McKinnon, John Gregory; Wong, Vanessa; Temple, Walley J; Galbraith, Callum; Ferry, Paul; Clynch, George S; Clynch, Colin

2007-10-01

Determining the prevalence and treatment success of surgical lymphedema requires accurate and reproducible measurement. A new method of measurement of limb volume is described. A series of inanimate objects of known and unknown volume was measured using digital laser scanning and water displacement. A similar comparison was made with 10 human volunteers. Digital scanning was evaluated by comparison to the established method of water displacement, then to itself to determine reproducibility of measurement. (1) Objects of known volume: Laser scanning accurately measured the calculated volume but water displacement became less accurate as the size of the object increased. (2) Objects of unknown volume: As average volume increased, there was an increasing bias of underestimation of volume by the water displacement method. The coefficient of reproducibility of water displacement was 83.44 ml. In contrast, the reproducibility of the digital scanning method was 19.0 ml. (3) Human data: The mean difference between water displacement volume and laser scanning volume was 151.7 ml (SD +/- 189.5). The coefficient of reproducibility of water displacement was 450.8 ml whereas for laser scanning it was 174 ml. Laser scanning is an innovative method of measuring tissue volume that combines precision and reproducibility and may have clinical utility for measuring lymphedema. 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc

The study of RMB exchange rate complex networks based on fluctuation mode

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yao, Can-Zhong; Lin, Ji-Nan; Zheng, Xu-Zhou; Liu, Xiao-Feng

2015-10-01

In the paper, we research on the characteristics of RMB exchange rate time series fluctuation with methods of symbolization and coarse gaining. First, based on fluctuation features of RMB exchange rate, we define the first type of fluctuation mode as one specific foreign currency against RMB in four days' fluctuating situations, and the second type as four different foreign currencies against RMB in one day's fluctuating situation. With the transforming method, we construct the unique-currency and multi-currency complex networks. Further, through analyzing the topological features including out-degree, betweenness centrality and clustering coefficient of fluctuation-mode complex networks, we find that the out-degree distribution of both types of fluctuation mode basically follows power-law distributions with exponents between 1 and 2. The further analysis reveals that the out-degree and the clustering coefficient generally obey the approximated negative correlation. With this result, we confirm previous observations showing that the RMB exchange rate exhibits a characteristic of long-range memory. Finally, we analyze the most probable transmission route of fluctuation modes, and provide probability prediction matrix. The transmission route for RMB exchange rate fluctuation modes exhibits the characteristics of partially closed loop, repeat and reversibility, which lays a solid foundation for predicting RMB exchange rate fluctuation patterns with large volume of data.

Behavioral economics: areas of cooperative research between economics and applied behavioral analysis1

PubMed Central

Kagel, John H.; Winkler, Robin C.

1972-01-01

The current research methods of behavioral economics are characterized by inadequate empirical foundations. Psychologists involved in the experimental analysis of behavior with their research strategies and their experimental technology, particularly that of the Token Economy, can assist in providing empirical foundations for behavioral economics. Cooperative research between economists and psychologists to this end should be immediately fruitful and mutually beneficial. PMID:16795356

Social Science Boot Camp: Development and Assessment of a Foundational Course on Academic Literacy in the Social Sciences

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Eaton, Judy; Long, Jennifer; Morris, David

2018-01-01

We developed a course, as part of our institution's core program, which provides students with a foundation in academic literacy in the social sciences: how to find, read, critically assess, and communicate about social science research. It is not a research methods course; rather, it is intended to introduce students to the social sciences and be…

Random deflections of a string on an elastic foundation.

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sanders, J. L., Jr.

1972-01-01

The paper is concerned with the problem of a taut string on a random elastic foundation subjected to random loads. The boundary value problem is transformed into an initial value problem by the method of invariant imbedding. Fokker-Planck equations for the random initial value problem are formulated and solved in some special cases. The analysis leads to a complete characterization of the random deflection function.

Determination of the vapor-liquid transition of square-well particles using a novel generalized-canonical-ensemble-based method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhao, Liang; Xu, Shun; Tu, Yu-Song; Zhou, Xin

2017-06-01

Not Available Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation for Outstanding Young Scholars, China (Grant No. 11422542), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11605151 and 11675138), and the Shanghai Supercomputer Center of China and Special Program for Applied Research on Super Computation of the NSFC-Guangdong Joint Fund (the second phase).

Benchmarking the Performance of Employment and Training Programs: A Pilot Effort of the Annie E. Casey Foundation's Jobs Initiative.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Welch, Doug

As part of its Jobs Initiative (JI) program in six metropolitan areas Denver, Milwaukee, New Orleans, Philadelphia, St. Louis, and Seattle the Annie E. Casey Foundation sought to develop and test a method for establishing benchmarks for workforce development agencies. Data collected from 10 projects in the JI from April through March, 2000,…

Geometrical optics-based ray field tracing method for complex source beam applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gao, Min; Yang, Feng; Cui, Xue-Wu; Wang, Rui

2018-04-01

Not Available Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61301056 and 61231001), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China (Grant No. ZYGX2014J012), the Fok Ying Tung Education Foundation, China (Grant No. 141062), the Aero-Science Fund, China (Grant No. 20142580012), and the “111” Project (Grant No. B07046).

Next Generation Astronomical Data Processing using Big Data Technologies from the Apache Software Foundation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mattmann, Chris

2014-04-01

In this era of exascale instruments for astronomy we must naturally develop next generation capabilities for the unprecedented data volume and velocity that will arrive due to the veracity of these ground-based sensor and observatories. Integrating scientific algorithms stewarded by scientific groups unobtrusively and rapidly; intelligently selecting data movement technologies; making use of cloud computing for storage and processing; and automatically extracting text and metadata and science from any type of file are all needed capabilities in this exciting time. Our group at NASA JPL has promoted the use of open source data management technologies available from the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) in pursuit of constructing next generation data management and processing systems for astronomical instruments including the Expanded Very Large Array (EVLA) in Socorro, NM and the Atacama Large Milimetre/Sub Milimetre Array (ALMA); as well as for the KAT-7 project led by SKA South Africa as a precursor to the full MeerKAT telescope. In addition we are funded currently by the National Science Foundation in the US to work with MIT Haystack Observatory and the University of Cambridge in the UK to construct a Radio Array of Portable Interferometric Devices (RAPID) that will undoubtedly draw from the rich technology advances underway. NASA JPL is investing in a strategic initiative for Big Data that is pulling in these capabilities and technologies for astronomical instruments and also for Earth science remote sensing. In this talk I will describe the above collaborative efforts underway and point to solutions in open source from the Apache Software Foundation that can be deployed and used today and that are already bringing our teams and projects benefits. I will describe how others can take advantage of our experience and point towards future application and contribution of these tools.

Brown adipose tissue volume in healthy lean south Asian adults compared with white Caucasians: a prospective, case-controlled observational study.

PubMed

Bakker, Leontine E H; Boon, Mariëtte R; van der Linden, Rianne A D; Arias-Bouda, Lenka Pereira; van Klinken, Jan B; Smit, Frits; Verberne, Hein J; Jukema, J Wouter; Tamsma, Jouke T; Havekes, Louis M; van Marken Lichtenbelt, Wouter D; Jazet, Ingrid M; Rensen, Patrick C N

2014-03-01

Individuals of south Asian origin have a very high risk of developing type 2 diabetes compared with white Caucasians. We aimed to assess volume and activity of brown adipose tissue (BAT), which is thought to have a role in energy metabolism by combusting fatty acids and glucose to produce heat and might contribute to the difference in incidence of type 2 diabetes between ethnic groups. We enrolled Dutch nationals with south Asian ancestry and matched Caucasian participants at The Rijnland Hospital (Leiderdorp, Netherlands). Eligible participants were healthy lean men aged 18-28 years, and we matched groups for BMI. We measured BAT volume and activity with cold-induced (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG) PET CT scans, and assessed resting energy expenditure, non-shivering thermogenesis, and serum parameters. This study is registered with the Netherlands Trial Register, number 2473. Between March 1, 2013, and June 1, 2013, we enrolled 12 participants in each group; one Caucasian participant developed hyperventilation after (18)F-FDG administration, and was excluded from all cold-induced and BAT measurements. Compared with Caucasian participants, south Asian participants did not differ in age (mean 23.6 years [SD 2.8] for south Asians vs 24.6 years [2.8] for Caucasians) or BMI (21.5 kg/m(2) [2.0] vs 22.0 kg/m(2) [1.6]), but were shorter (1.74 m [0.06] vs 1.85 m [0.04]) and lighter (65.0 kg [8.5] vs 75.1 kg [7.2]). Thermoneutral resting energy expenditure was 1297 kcal per day (SD 123) in south Asian participants compared with 1689 kcal per day (193) in white Caucasian participants (difference -32%, p=0.0008). On cold exposure, shiver temperature of south Asians was 2.0°C higher than Caucasians (p=0.0067) and non-shivering thermogenesis was increased by 20% in white Caucasians (p<0.0001) but was not increased in south Asians. Although the maximum and mean standardised uptake values of (18)F-FDG in BAT did not differ between groups, total BAT volume was lower in south Asians (188 mL [SD 81]) than it was in Caucasians (287 mL [169]; difference -34%, p=0.04). Overall, BAT volume correlated positively with basal resting energy expenditure in all assessable individuals (β=0.44, p=0.04). Lower resting energy expenditure, non-shivering thermogenesis, and BAT volumes in south Asian populations might underlie their high susceptibility to metabolic disturbances, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Development of strategies to increase BAT volume and activity might help prevent and treat such disorders, particularly in south Asian individuals. Dutch Heart Foundation (2009T038) and Dutch Diabetes Research Foundation (2012.11.1500). Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Have Large Dams Altered Extreme Precipitation Patterns?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hossain, Faisal; Jeyachandran, Indumathi; Pielke, Roger

2009-12-01

Dams and their impounded waters are among the most common civil infrastructures, with a long heritage of modern design and operations experience. In particular, large dams, defined by the International Commission on Large Dams (ICOLD) as having a height greater than 15 meters from the foundation and holding a reservoir volume of more than 3 million cubic meters, have the potential to vastly transform local climate, landscapes, regional economics, and urbanization patterns. In the United States alone, about 75,000 dams are capable of storing a volume of water equaling almost 1 year's mean runoff of the nation [Graf, 1999]. The World Commission on Dams (WCD) reports that at least 45,000 large dams have been built worldwide since the 1930s. These sheer numbers raise the question of the extent to which large dams and their impounded waters alter patterns that would have been pervasive had the dams not been built.

An overview of artificial intelligence and robotics. Volume 1: Artificial intelligence. Part A: The core ingredients

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gevarter, W. B.

1983-01-01

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is an emerging technology that has recently attracted considerable attention. Many applications are now under development. The goal of Artificial Intelligence is focused on developing computational approaches to intelligent behavior. This goal is so broad - covering virtually all aspects of human cognitive activity - that substantial confusion has arisen as to the actual nature of AI, its current status and its future capability. This volume, the first in a series of NBS/NASA reports on the subject, attempts to address these concerns. Thus, this report endeavors to clarify what AI is, the foundations on which it rests, the techniques utilized, applications, the participants and, finally, AI's state-of-the-art and future trends. It is anticipated that this report will prove useful to government and private engineering and research managers, potential users, and others who will be affected by this field as it unfolds.

Review of Jones-Wilkins-Lee equation of state

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Baudin, G.; Serradeill, R.

The JWL EOS is widely used in different forms (two, three terms) according to the level of accuracy in the pressure-volume domain that applications need. The foundations of the relationship chosen to represent the reference curve, Chapman-Jouguet (CJ) isentrope, can be found assuming that the DP expansion isentrope issued from the CJ point is very nearly coincident with the Crussard curve in the pressure-material velocity plane. Its mathematical expression, using an appropriate relationship between shock velocity and material velocity leads to the exponential terms of the JWL EOS. It well validates the pressure-volume relationship chosen to represent the reference curves for DP. Nevertheless, the assumption of constant Gruneisen coefficient and heat capacity in the EOS thermal part remains the more restrictive assumption. A new derivation of JWL EOS is proposed, using a less restrictive assumption for the Gruneisen coefficient suggested by W.C. Davis to represent both large expansions and near-CJ states.

Community-based risk assessment of water contamination from high-volume horizontal hydraulic fracturing.

PubMed

Penningroth, Stephen M; Yarrow, Matthew M; Figueroa, Abner X; Bowen, Rebecca J; Delgado, Soraya

2013-01-01

The risk of contaminating surface and groundwater as a result of shale gas extraction using high-volume horizontal hydraulic fracturing (fracking) has not been assessed using conventional risk assessment methodologies. Baseline (pre-fracking) data on relevant water quality indicators, needed for meaningful risk assessment, are largely lacking. To fill this gap, the nonprofit Community Science Institute (CSI) partners with community volunteers who perform regular sampling of more than 50 streams in the Marcellus and Utica Shale regions of upstate New York; samples are analyzed for parameters associated with HVHHF. Similar baseline data on regional groundwater comes from CSI's testing of private drinking water wells. Analytic results for groundwater (with permission) and surface water are made publicly available in an interactive, searchable database. Baseline concentrations of potential contaminants from shale gas operations are found to be low, suggesting that early community-based monitoring is an effective foundation for assessing later contamination due to fracking.

SU-F-T-527: A Novel Dynamic Multileaf Collimator Leaf-Sequencing Algorithm in Radiation Therapy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jing, J; Lin, H; Chow, J

Purpose: A novel leaf-sequencing algorithm is developed for generating arbitrary beam intensity profiles in discrete levels using dynamic multileaf collimator (MLC). The efficiency of this dynamic MLC leaf-sequencing method was evaluated using external beam treatment plans delivered by intensity modulated radiation therapy technique. Methods: To qualify and validate this algorithm, integral test for the beam segment of MLC generated by the CORVUS treatment planning system was performed with clinical intensity map experiments. The treatment plans were optimized and the fluence maps for all photon beams were determined. This algorithm started with the algebraic expression for the area under the beammore » profile. The coefficients in the expression can be transformed into the specifications for the leaf-setting sequence. The leaf optimization procedure was then applied and analyzed for clinical relevant intensity profiles in cancer treatment. Results: The macrophysical effect of this method can be described by volumetric plan evaluation tools such as dose-volume histograms (DVHs). The DVH results are in good agreement compared to those from the CORVUS treatment planning system. Conclusion: We developed a dynamic MLC method to examine the stability of leaf speed including effects of acceleration and deceleration of leaf motion in order to make sure the stability of leaf speed did not affect the intensity profile generated. It was found that the mechanical requirements were better satisfied using this method. The Project is sponsored by the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, State Education Ministry.« less

End-expiratory lung volume and ventilation distribution with different continuous positive airway pressure systems in volunteers.

PubMed

Andersson, B; Lundin, S; Lindgren, S; Stenqvist, O; Odenstedt Hergès, H

2011-02-01

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) has been shown to improve oxygenation and a number of different CPAP systems are available. The aim of this study was to assess lung volume and ventilation distribution using three different CPAP techniques. A high-flow CPAP system (HF-CPAP), an ejector-driven system (E-CPAP) and CPAP using a Servo 300 ventilator (V-CPAP) were randomly applied at 0, 5 and 10 cmH₂O in 14 volunteers. End-expiratory lung volume (EELV) was measured by N₂ dilution at baseline; changes in EELV and tidal volume distribution were assessed by electric impedance tomography. Higher end-expiratory and mean airway pressures were found using the E-CPAP vs. the HF-CPAP and the V-CPAP system (P<0.01). EELV increased markedly from baseline, 0 cmH₂O, with increased CPAP levels: 1110±380, 1620±520 and 1130±350 ml for HF-, E- and V-CPAP, respectively, at 10 cmH₂O. A larger fraction of the increase in EELV occurred for all systems in ventral compared with dorsal regions (P<0.01). In contrast, tidal ventilation was increasingly directed toward dorsal regions with increasing CPAP levels (P<0.01). The increase in EELV as well as the tidal volume redistribution were more pronounced with the E-CPAP system as compared with both the HF-CPAP and the V-CPAP systems (P<0.05) at 10 cmH₂O. EELV increased more in ventral regions with increasing CPAP levels, independent of systems, leading to a redistribution of tidal ventilation toward dorsal regions. Different CPAP systems resulted in different airway pressure profiles, which may result in different lung volume expansion and tidal volume distribution. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 The Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica Foundation.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Trifiletti, Daniel M., E-mail: daniel.trifiletti@gmail.com; Lee, Cheng-Chia; Kano, Hideyuki

Purpose: To pool data across multiple institutions internationally and report on the cumulative experience of brainstem stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). Methods and Materials: Data on patients with brainstem metastases treated with SRS were collected through the International Gamma Knife Research Foundation. Clinical, radiographic, and dosimetric characteristics were compared for factors prognostic for local control (LC) and overall survival (OS) using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: Of 547 patients with 596 brainstem metastases treated with SRS, treatment of 7.4% of tumors resulted in severe SRS-induced toxicity (grade ≥3, increased odds with increasing tumor volume, margin dose, and whole-brain irradiation). Local control at 12 monthsmore » after SRS was 81.8% and was improved with increasing margin dose and maximum dose. Overall survival at 12 months after SRS was 32.7% and impacted by age, gender, number of metastases, tumor histology, and performance score. Conclusions: Our study provides additional evidence that SRS has become an option for patients with brainstem metastases, with an excellent benefit-to-risk ratio in the hands of experienced clinicians. Prior whole-brain irradiation increases the risk of severe toxicity in brainstem metastasis patients undergoing SRS.« less

Study of human phonation in a full-body domain

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Saurabh, Shakti; Bodony, Daniel

2015-11-01

The generation and propagation of the human voice is studied in two-dimensions using a full-body domain, using direct numerical simulation. The fluid/air in the vocal tract is modeled as a compressible and viscous fluid interacting with the non-linear, viscoelastic vocal folds (VF). The VF tissue material properties are multi-layered, with varying stiffness, and a finite-strain model is utilized and implemented in a quadratic finite element code. The fluid-solid domains are coupled through a boundary-fitted interface and utilize a Poisson equation-based mesh deformation method. The full-body domain includes the near VF region, the vocal tract, a simplified model of the soft palate and mouth, and extends out into the acoustic far-field. A new kind of inflow boundary condition based upon a quasi-one-dimensional formulation with constant sub-glottal volume velocity, which is linked to the VF movement, has been adopted. The sound pressure levels (SPL) measured are realistic and we analyze their connection to the VF dynamics and glottal and vocal tract geometries. Supported by the National Science Foundation (CAREER award number 1150439).

[United Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken design to control formation of indirubin in process of preparing indigo naturalis].

PubMed

Liu, Zeyu; Su, Zhetong; Yang, Ming; Zou, Wenquan

2010-10-01

To screen the factors that affect indirubin-generated significantly in the process of preparing indigo naturalis, optimize level combination and determine the optimum technology for indirubin-generated. Using concentration of indirubin (mg x g(-1)) that generated by fresh leaf as an index, Plackett-Burman design, Box-Behnken design response surface analysis as the statistical method, we screened the significantly influencing factors and the optimal level combination. The soaking and making indirubin process in preparing indigo naturalis was identified as the wax is not removed before immersion with immersion pH 7, solvent volume-leaf weight (mL: g)15, soaked not avoided light, soaking 48 h, temperature 60 degrees C, ventilation time of 180 min, and added ammonia water to adjust pH to 10.5. The soaking and making indirubin process in preparing indigo naturalis is optimized systematically. It clarify the various factors on the impact of the active ingredient indirubin which controlled by industrialized production become reality in the process of preparing indigo naturalis, at the same time, it lay the foundation for processing principle of indigo naturalis.

PLANS: A finite element program for nonlinear analysis of structures. Volume 1: Theoretical manual

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pifko, A.; Levine, H. S.; Armen, H., Jr.

1975-01-01

The PLANS system is described which is a finite element program for nonlinear analysis. The system represents a collection of special purpose computer programs each associated with a distinct physical problem class. Modules of PLANS specifically referenced and described in detail include: (1) REVBY, for the plastic analysis of bodies of revolution; (2) OUT-OF-PLANE, for the plastic analysis of 3-D built-up structures where membrane effects are predominant; (3) BEND, for the plastic analysis of built-up structures where bending and membrane effects are significant; (4) HEX, for the 3-D elastic-plastic analysis of general solids; and (5) OUT-OF-PLANE-MG, for material and geometrically nonlinear analysis of built-up structures. The SATELLITE program for data debugging and plotting of input geometries is also described. The theoretical foundations upon which the analysis is based are presented. Discussed are the form of the governing equations, the methods of solution, plasticity theories available, a general system description and flow of the programs, and the elements available for use.

Distributed Relaxation for Conservative Discretizations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Diskin, Boris; Thomas, James L.

2001-01-01

A multigrid method is defined as having textbook multigrid efficiency (TME) if the solutions to the governing system of equations are attained in a computational work that is a small (less than 10) multiple of the operation count in one target-grid residual evaluation. The way to achieve this efficiency is the distributed relaxation approach. TME solvers employing distributed relaxation have already been demonstrated for nonconservative formulations of high-Reynolds-number viscous incompressible and subsonic compressible flow regimes. The purpose of this paper is to provide foundations for applications of distributed relaxation to conservative discretizations. A direct correspondence between the primitive variable interpolations for calculating fluxes in conservative finite-volume discretizations and stencils of the discretized derivatives in the nonconservative formulation has been established. Based on this correspondence, one can arrive at a conservative discretization which is very efficiently solved with a nonconservative relaxation scheme and this is demonstrated for conservative discretization of the quasi one-dimensional Euler equations. Formulations for both staggered and collocated grid arrangements are considered and extensions of the general procedure to multiple dimensions are discussed.

Towards Risk Based Design for NASA's Missions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tumer, Irem Y.; Barrientos, Francesca; Meshkat, Leila

2004-01-01

This paper describes the concept of Risk Based Design in the context of NASA s low volume, high cost missions. The concept of accounting for risk in the design lifecycle has been discussed and proposed under several research topics, including reliability, risk analysis, optimization, uncertainty, decision-based design, and robust design. This work aims to identify and develop methods to enable and automate a means to characterize and optimize risk, and use risk as a tradeable resource to make robust and reliable decisions, in the context of the uncertain and ambiguous stage of early conceptual design. This paper first presents a survey of the related topics explored in the design research community as they relate to risk based design. Then, a summary of the topics from the NASA-led Risk Colloquium is presented, followed by current efforts within NASA to account for risk in early design. Finally, a list of "risk elements", identified for early-phase conceptual design at NASA, is presented. The purpose is to lay the foundation and develop a roadmap for future work and collaborations for research to eliminate and mitigate these risk elements in early phase design.

Literature review for Texas Department of Transportation Research Project 0-4695: Guidance for design in areas of extreme bed-load mobility, Edwards Plateau, Texas

USGS Publications Warehouse

Heitmuller, Franklin T.; Asquith, William H.; Fang, Xing; Thompson, David B.; Wang, Keh-Han

2005-01-01

A review of the literature addressing sediment transport in gravel-bed river systems and structures designed to control bed-load mobility is provided as part of Texas Department of Transportation research project 0–4695: Guidance for Design in Areas of Extreme Bed-Load Mobility. The study area comprises the western half of the Edwards Plateau in central Texas. Three primary foci of the literature review are journal articles, edited volumes, and government publications. Major themes within the body of literature include deterministic sediment transport theory and equations, development of methods to measure and analyze fluvial sediment, applications and development of theory in natural channels and flume experiments, and recommendations for river management and structural design. The literature review provides an outline and foundation for the research project to characterize extreme bed-load mobility in rivers and streams across the study area. The literature review also provides a basis upon which potential modifications to low-water stream-crossing design in the study area can be made.

Microfluidic diagnostics for low-resource settings

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hawkins, Kenneth R.; Weigl, Bernhard H.

2010-02-01

Diagnostics for low-resource settings need to be foremost inexpensive, but also accurate, reliable, rugged and suited to the contexts of the developing world. Diagnostics for global health, based on minimally-instrumented, microfluidicsbased platforms employing low-cost disposables, has become a very active research area recently-thanks, in part, to new funding from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the National Institutes of Health, and other sources. This has led to a number of interesting prototype devices that are now in advanced development or clinical validation. These devices include disposables and instruments that perform multiplexed PCR-based assays for enteric, febrile, and vaginal diseases, as well as immunoassays for diseases such as malaria, HIV, and various sexually transmitted diseases. More recently, instrument-free diagnostic disposables based on isothermal nucleic-acid amplification have been developed. Regardless of platform, however, the search for truly low-cost manufacturing methods that would enable affordable systems (at volume, in the appropriate context) remains a significant challenge. Here we give an overview of existing platform development efforts, present some original research in this area at PATH, and reiterate a call to action for more.

Comparison of left and right atrial volume by echocardiography versus cardiac magnetic resonance imaging using the area-length method.

PubMed

Whitlock, Matthew; Garg, Anuj; Gelow, Jill; Jacobson, Timothy; Broberg, Craig

2010-11-01

Increased atrial volumes predict adverse cardiovascular events. Accordingly, accurate measurement of atrial size has become increasingly important in clinical practice. The area-length method is commonly used to estimate the volume. Disagreements between atrial volumes using echocardiography and other imaging modalities have been found. It is unclear whether this has resulted from differences in the measurement method or discrepancies among imaging modalities. We compared the right atrial (RA) and left atrial (LA) volume estimates using the area-length method for transthoracic echocardiography and cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging. Patients undergoing echocardiography and CMR imaging within 1 month were identified retrospectively. For both modalities, the RA and LA long-axis dimension and area were measured using standard 2- and 4-chamber views, and the volume was calculated using the area-length method for both atria. The echocardiographic and CMR values were compared using the Bland-Altman method. A total of 85 patients and 18 controls were included in the present study. The atrial volumes estimated using the area-length method were significantly smaller when measured using echocardiography than when measured using CMR imaging (LA volume 35 ± 20 vs 49 ± 30 ml/m², p <0.001, and RA volume 32 ± 23 vs 43 ± 29 ml/m², p = 0.012). The mean difference (CMR imaging minus echocardiography) was 14 ± 14 ml/m² for the LA and 10 ± 16 ml/m² for the RA volume. Similar results were found in the healthy controls. No significant intra- or interobserver variability was found within each modality. In conclusion, echocardiography consistently underestimated the atrial volumes compared to CMR imaging using the area-length method. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Developments in variational methods for high performance plate and shell elements

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Felippa, Carlos A.; Militello, Carmelo

1991-01-01

High performance elements are simple finite elements constructed to deliver engineering accuracy with coarse arbitrary grids. This is part of a series on the variational foundations of high-performance elements, with emphasis on plate and shell elements constructed with the free formulation (FF) and assumed natural strain (ANS) methods. Parameterized variational principles are studied that provide a common foundation for the FF and ANS methods, as well as for a combination of both. From this unified formulation a variant of the ANS formulation, called the assumed natural deviatoric strain (ANDES) formulation, emerges as an important special case. The first ANDES element, a high-performance 9 degrees of freedom triangular Kirchhoff plate bending element, is briefly described to illustrate the use of the new formulation.

Impact of a multifaceted intervention to improve the clinical management of osteoporosis. The ESOSVAL-F study

PubMed Central

2010-01-01

Background A study to evaluate the impact of a combined intervention (in-class and on-line training courses, a practicum and economic incentives) to improve anti-osteoporosis treatment and to improve recordkeeping for specific information about osteoporosis. Methods/design A before/after study with a non-equivalent control group to evaluate the impact of the interventions associated with participation in the ESOSVAL-R cohort study (intervention group) compared to a group receiving no intervention (control group). The units of analysis are medical practices identified by a Healthcare Position Code (HPC) referring to a specific medical position in primary care general medicine in a Healthcare Department of the Region of Valencia, Spain. The subjects of the study are the 400 participating "practices" (population assigned to health care professionals, doctors and/or nurses) selected by the Healthcare Departments of the Valencia Healthcare Agency for participation as associate researchers in the ESOSVAL-R study (intervention group), compared to 400 participating "practices" assigned to primary care professionals NOT selected for participation as associate researchers in the ESOSVAL-R study, who are selected on the basis of their working in the same Healthcare Centers as the practices receiving the interventions (control group). The study's primary endpoint is the appropriateness of treatment according by the Spanish National Health System guide (2010) and the National Osteoporosis Foundation (NOF, 2008) and International Osteoporosis Foundation guidance (IOF, 2008). The study will also evaluate a series of secondary and tertiary endpoints. The former are the suitability of treatment and evaluation of the risk of fracture; and the latter are the volume of information registered in the electronic clinical records, and the evaluation of risks and the suitability of treatment. PMID:20964817

TRIBUTE: Brian G Wybourne: Innovator

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Louck, James D.

2006-03-01

This volume encloses the Proceedings of the Eighth Summer School on Theoretical Physics under the banner title Symmetry and Structural Properties of Condensed Matter (SSPCM 2005). The School, organised by Rzeszów University of Technology, Poland, together with Laboratory of Physical Foundation of Information Processing, Poland (LFPPI), was held between 31 August and 7 September 2005 in Myczkowce. The main goal of the whole series of biannual SSPCM schools (since 1990) is promotion of advanced mathematical methods within condensed matter physics, directed towards its symmetry and structural properties. This SSPCM 05 School focused on the following three main subjects: decoherence and quantum computers; the role of combinatorics in classification of solutions for exactly solvable models; geometric aspects in nanophysics. The Proceedings are divided into three parts accordingly, but particular topics can overlap between main subjects, and be related to problems pursued in previous SSPCM schools. In this way, the present school is concentrated on various aspects of theory and technology of quantum informatics, with the inclusion of exactly solvable models of statistical physics of condensed matter in low dimensions, as some natural theoretical prototypes of a quantum computer. The last SSPCM 05 was devoted to the memory of Professor Brian G Wybourne, a great Inspirer, inestimable Patron and Lecturer of the whole series of these schools. The School gathered together more than 50 participants, both advanced researchers in physics and mathematics, as well as their young collaborators and students, representing altogether 10 countries from all over the world. The Organising Committee would like to express their gratitude to all members of the International Advisory Committee for their opinions and support and to all invited lecturers and contributors for their talks and preparation of their manuscripts. Special thanks are addressed to all participants and everyone who attended for creating such a stimulating and friendly atmosphere during our meeting, and for several valuable discussions. We thank all chairmen for their polite but efficient leading of sessions. Many thanks are due to the referees who improved significantly the quality of papers presented in this volume. The organisers address special thanks to The Nicholas C. Metropolis Mathematics Foundation (USA) for a substantial initiating support, and to the Polish State Committee for Scientific Research. The hospitality of the whole team of the hotel 'Energetyk' Myczkowce is also appreciated.

Microvascular resistance of the culprit coronary artery in acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction

PubMed Central

Carrick, David; Haig, Caroline; Carberry, Jaclyn; McCartney, Peter; Welsh, Paul; Ahmed, Nadeem; McEntegart, Margaret; Petrie, Mark C.; Eteiba, Hany; Lindsay, Mitchell; Hood, Stuart; Watkins, Stuart; Rauhalammi, Samuli M.O.; Mordi, Ify; Ford, Ian; Radjenovic, Aleksandra; Sattar, Naveed; Oldroyd, Keith G.

2016-01-01

BACKGROUND. Failed myocardial reperfusion is common and prognostically important after acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The purpose of this study was to investigate coronary flow reserve (CFR), a measure of vasodilator capacity, and the index of microvascular resistance (IMR; mmHg × s) in the culprit artery of STEMI survivors. METHODS. IMR (n = 288) and CFR (n = 283; mean age [SD], 60 [12] years) were measured acutely using guide wire–based thermodilution. Cardiac MRI disclosed left ventricular pathology, function, and volumes at 2 days (n = 281) and 6 months after STEMI (n = 264). All-cause death or first heart failure hospitalization was independently adjudicated (median follow-up 845 days). RESULTS. Myocardial hemorrhage and microvascular obstruction occurred in 89 (42%) and 114 (54%) patients with evaluable T2*-MRI maps. IMR and CFR were associated with microvascular pathology (none vs. microvascular obstruction only vs. microvascular obstruction and myocardial hemorrhage) (median [interquartile range], IMR: 17 [12.0–33.0] vs. 17 [13.0–39.0] vs. 37 [21.0–63.0], P < 0.001; CFR: 1.7 [1.4–2.5] vs. 1.5 [1.1–1.8] vs. 1.4 [1.0–1.8], P < 0.001), whereas thrombolysis in myocardial infarction blush grade was not. IMR was a multivariable associate of changes in left ventricular end-diastolic volume (regression coefficient [95% CI] 0.13 [0.01, 0.24]; P = 0.036), whereas CFR was not (P = 0.160). IMR (5 units) was a multivariable associate of all-cause death or heart failure hospitalization (n = 30 events; hazard ratio [95% CI], 1.09 [1.04, 1.14]; P < 0.001), whereas CFR (P = 0.124) and thrombolysis in myocardial infarction blush grade (P = 0.613) were not. IMR had similar prognostic value for these outcomes as <50% ST-segment resolution on the ECG. CONCLUSIONS. IMR is more closely associated with microvascular pathology, left ventricular remodeling, and health outcomes than the angiogram or CFR. TRIAL REGISTRATION. NCT02072850. FUNDING. A British Heart Foundation Project Grant (PG/11/2/28474), the National Health Service, the Chief Scientist Office, a Scottish Funding Council Senior Fellowship, a British Heart Foundation Intermediate Fellowship (FS/12/62/29889), and a nonfinancial research agreement with Siemens Healthcare. PMID:27699259

Simplex volume analysis for finding endmembers in hyperspectral imagery

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Hsiao-Chi; Song, Meiping; Chang, Chein-I.

2015-05-01

Using maximal simplex volume as an optimal criterion for finding endmembers is a common approach and has been widely studied in the literature. Interestingly, very little work has been reported on how simplex volume is calculated. It turns out that the issue of calculating simplex volume is much more complicated and involved than what we may think. This paper investigates this issue from two different aspects, geometric structure and eigen-analysis. The geometric structure is derived from its simplex structure whose volume can be calculated by multiplying its base with its height. On the other hand, eigen-analysis takes advantage of the Cayley-Menger determinant to calculate the simplex volume. The major issue of this approach is that when the matrix is ill-rank where determinant is desired. To deal with this problem two methods are generally considered. One is to perform data dimensionality reduction to make the matrix to be of full rank. The drawback of this method is that the original volume has been shrunk and the found volume of a dimensionality-reduced simplex is not the real original simplex volume. Another is to use singular value decomposition (SVD) to find singular values for calculating simplex volume. The dilemma of this method is its instability in numerical calculations. This paper explores all of these three methods in simplex volume calculation. Experimental results show that geometric structure-based method yields the most reliable simplex volume.

A Comparative Study on Bearing Capacity of Shallow Foundations in Sand from N and ϕ

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sakleshpur, V. A.; Satyanarayana Reddy, C. N. V.

2017-12-01

This work presents a comparative study on the bearing capacity of strip, square, circular footings and raft foundations in sand, estimated from the standard penetration resistance, N, and the angle of shearing resistance, ϕ. The net safe bearing capacity estimated directly from N using Teng's equation is compared with that obtained from ϕ as per IS:6403. Likewise, the net safe settlement pressure determined from IS:8009 (Part 1), based on N, is compared with that attained from the semi-empirical approach of Schmertmann et al. A parametric study quantifies the effects of the standard penetration resistance and the size and depth of foundation on the net safe bearing capacity and the net safe settlement pressure of strip, square, circular footings and raft foundations in sand. Interactive charts are prepared in terms of the standard penetration resistance to highlight the appropriate method for the benefit of civil engineers.

The Role of Self-Assessment in Foundation of Mathematics Learning

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Masriyah

2018-01-01

This research is motivated by the low performance of students who took Foundations of Mathematics course. This study was aimed to describe (1) the learning outcomes of students who learned Mathematics Foundation after learning axiomatic applying self-assessment; (2) the difficulty of students and the alternative solutions; and (3) the response of students toward Foundation of Mathematics learning taught by applying self-assessment. This research was a descriptive research. The subjects were 25 mathematics students who studied Foundation of Mathematics in odd semester of the 2015/2016 academic year. Data collection was done using questionnaires, and testing methods. Based on the results of data analysis, it can be concluded that the learning outcomes of students were categorized as “good.” Student responses were positive; the difficulties lied in the sub material: Classification of Axiom Systems and the requirements, Theorem and how the formation, and finite geometry. The alternatives deal with these difficulties are to give emphasis and explanation as needed on these materials, as well as provide some more exercises to reinforce their understanding.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shin, D; Kang, S; Kim, D

Purpose: The dose difference between three-dimensional dose (3D dose) and 4D dose which considers motion due to respiratory can be varied according to geometrical relationship between planning target volume (PTV) and organ at risk (OAR). The purpose of the study is to investigate the dose difference between 3D and 4D dose using overlap volume histogram (OVH) which is an indicator that quantify geometrical relationship between a PTV and an OAR. Methods: Five liver cancer patients who previously treated stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) were investigated. Four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) images were acquired for all patients. ITV-based treatment planning was performed. 3Dmore » dose was calculated on the end-exhale phase image as a reference phase image. 4D dose accumulation was implemented from all phase images using dose warping technique used deformable image registration (DIR) algorithm (Horn and Schunck optical flow) in DIRART. In this study OVH was used to quantify geometrical relationship between a PTV and an OAR. OVH between a PTV and a selected OAR was generated for each patient case and compared for all cases. The dose difference between 3D and 4D dose for normal organ was calculated and compared for all cases according to OVH. Results: The 3D and 4D dose difference for OAR was analyzed using dose-volume histogram (DVH). On the basis of a specific point which corresponds to 10% of OAR volume overlapped with expanded PTV, mean dose difference was 34.56% in minimum OVH distance case and 13.36% in maximum OVH distance case. As the OVH distance increased, mean dose difference between 4D and 3D dose was decreased. Conclusion: The tendency of dose difference variation was verified according to OVH. OVH is seems to be indicator that has a potential to predict the dose difference between 4D and 3D dose. This work was supported by the Radiation Technology R&D program (No. 2013M2A2A7043498) and the Mid-career Researcher Program (2014R1A2A1A10050270) through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT&Future Planning.« less

SU-C-210-05: Evaluation of Robustness: Dosimetric Effects of Anatomical Changes During Fractionated Radiation Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer Patients

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Horst, A van der; Houweling, A C; Bijveld, M M C

2015-06-15

Purpose: Pancreatic tumors show large interfractional position variations. In addition, changes in gastrointestinal air volume and body contour take place during treatment. We aim to investigate the robustness of the clinical treatment plans by quantifying the dosimetric effects of these anatomical changes. Methods: Calculations were performed for up to now 3 pancreatic cancer patients who had intratumoral fiducials for daily CBCT-based positioning during their 3-week treatment. For each patient, deformable image registration of the planning CT was used to assign Hounsfield Units to each of the 13—15 CBCTs; air volumes and body contour were copied from CBCT. The clinical treatmentmore » plan was used (CTV-PTV margin = 10 mm; 36Gy; 10MV; 1 arc VMAT). Fraction dose distributions were calculated and accumulated. The V95% of the clinical target volume (CTV) and planning target volume (PTV) were analyzed, as well as the dose to stomach, duodenum and liver. Dose accumulation was done for patient positioning based on the fiducials (as clinically used) as well as for positioning based on bony anatomy. Results: For all three patients, the V95% of the CTV remained 100%, for both fiducial- and bony anatomy-based positioning. For fiducial-based positioning, dose to duodenum en stomach showed no discernable differences with planned dose. For bony anatomy-based positioning, the PTV V95% of the patient with the largest systematic difference in tumor position (patient 1) decreased to 85%; the liver Dmax increased from 33.5Gy (planned) to 35.5Gy. Conclusion: When using intratumoral fiducials, CTV dose coverage was only mildly affected by the daily anatomical changes. When using bony anatomy for patient positioning, we found a decline in PTV dose coverage due to the interfractional tumor position variations. Photon irradiation treatment plans for pancreatic tumors are robust to variations in body contour and gastrointestinal gas, but the use of fiducial-based daily position verification is imperative. This work was supported by the foundation Bergh in het Zadel through the Dutch Cancer Society (KWF Kankerbestrijding) project No. UVA 2011-5271.« less

Does Categorization Method Matter in Exploring Volume-Outcome Relation? A Multiple Categorization Methods Comparison in Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery Surgical Site Infection.

PubMed

Yu, Tsung-Hsien; Tung, Yu-Chi; Chung, Kuo-Piao

2015-08-01

Volume-infection relation studies have been published for high-risk surgical procedures, although the conclusions remain controversial. Inconsistent results may be caused by inconsistent categorization methods, the definitions of service volume, and different statistical approaches. The purpose of this study was to examine whether a relation exists between provider volume and coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgical site infection (SSI) using different categorization methods. A population-based cross-sectional multi-level study was conducted. A total of 10,405 patients who received CABG surgery between 2006 and 2008 in Taiwan were recruited. The outcome of interest was surgical site infection for CABG surgery. The associations among several patient, surgeon, and hospital characteristics was examined. The definition of surgeons' and hospitals' service volume was the cumulative CABG service volumes in the previous year for each CABG operation and categorized by three types of approaches: Continuous, quartile, and k-means clustering. The results of multi-level mixed effects modeling showed that hospital volume had no association with SSI. Although the relation between surgeon volume and surgical site infection was negative, it was inconsistent among the different categorization methods. Categorization of service volume is an important issue in volume-infection study. The findings of the current study suggest that different categorization methods might influence the relation between volume and SSI. The selection of an optimal cutoff point should be taken into account for future research.

Multi-views Fusion CNN for Left Ventricular Volumes Estimation on Cardiac MR Images.

PubMed

Luo, Gongning; Dong, Suyu; Wang, Kuanquan; Zuo, Wangmeng; Cao, Shaodong; Zhang, Henggui

2017-10-13

Left ventricular (LV) volumes estimation is a critical procedure for cardiac disease diagnosis. The objective of this paper is to address direct LV volumes prediction task. In this paper, we propose a direct volumes prediction method based on the end-to-end deep convolutional neural networks (CNN). We study the end-to-end LV volumes prediction method in items of the data preprocessing, networks structure, and multi-views fusion strategy. The main contributions of this paper are the following aspects. First, we propose a new data preprocessing method on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). Second, we propose a new networks structure for end-to-end LV volumes estimation. Third, we explore the representational capacity of different slices, and propose a fusion strategy to improve the prediction accuracy. The evaluation results show that the proposed method outperforms other state-of-the-art LV volumes estimation methods on the open accessible benchmark datasets. The clinical indexes derived from the predicted volumes agree well with the ground truth (EDV: R=0.974, RMSE=9.6ml; ESV: R=0.976, RMSE=7.1ml; EF: R=0.828, RMSE =4.71%). Experimental results prove that the proposed method has high accuracy and efficiency on LV volumes prediction task. The proposed method not only has application potential for cardiac diseases screening for large-scale CMR data, but also can be extended to other medical image research fields.

Integrating Mobile Phones into the EFL Foundation Year Classroom in King Abdulaziz University/KSA: Effects on Achievement in General English and Students' Attitudes

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Khrisat, Abdulhafeth A.; Mahmoud, Salameh Saleem

2013-01-01

This study investigates the effect of ten teaching English as a foreign language (TEFL) oriented features of mobile phones in the English language classroom on the achievement of foundation-year students in King Abdulaziz University (KAU) in General English. The study also explores students' attitudes towards this new method of teaching. The study…