48 CFR 225.770 - Prohibition on acquisition of United States Munitions List items from Communist Chinese military...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... of United States Munitions List items from Communist Chinese military companies. 225.770 Section 225... of United States Munitions List items from Communist Chinese military companies. This section... the United States Munitions List. [71 FR 53046, Sept. 8, 2006] ...

48 CFR 225.770 - Prohibition on acquisition of United States Munitions List items from Communist Chinese military...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... of United States Munitions List items from Communist Chinese military companies. 225.770 Section 225... of United States Munitions List items from Communist Chinese military companies. This section... United States Munitions List. [71 FR 53046, Sept. 8, 2006, as amended at 77 FR 30366, May 22, 2012] ...

48 CFR 225.770 - Prohibition on acquisition of United States Munitions List items from Communist Chinese military...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... of United States Munitions List items from Communist Chinese military companies. 225.770 Section 225... of United States Munitions List items from Communist Chinese military companies. This section... United States Munitions List. [71 FR 53046, Sept. 8, 2006, as amended at 77 FR 30366, May 22, 2012] ...

48 CFR 225.770 - Prohibition on acquisition of United States Munitions List items from Communist Chinese military...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... of United States Munitions List items from Communist Chinese military companies. 225.770 Section 225... of United States Munitions List items from Communist Chinese military companies. This section... United States Munitions List. [71 FR 53046, Sept. 8, 2006, as amended at 77 FR 30366, May 22, 2012] ...

The munitions provisions of the Federal Facility Compliance Act

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kimmell, T.A.; Green, D.R.; Queen, R.

1994-03-01

The Federal Facility Compliance Act (FFCA) was signed by President Bush on October 6, 1992. This Act amends the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), the primary law governing hazardous waste management in the US The most significant provision of the FFCA was the waiver of sovereign immunity. This waiver subjects Federal facilities to the same ``incentives`` as the private sector for compliance. While the waiver has broad implications for all Federal facilities, other provisions of the FFCA impact specific sectors of the Federal complex. The focus of this paper is the FFCA Munitions Provisions, which have the potential tomore » change some aspects of the structure of munitions management within the military. The Munitions Provisions, contained in Section 107 of the FFCA, modifies Section 3004 of RCRA by adding a new subsection (y) on Munitions. Section 107 requires the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to develop, after consultation with the Department of Defense (DOD) and appropriate State officials, regulations identifying when military munitions (including conventional and chemical munitions) become hazardous waste, and to provide for the safe transportation and storage of such waste. The FFCA requires EPA to promulgate the final ``Munitions Rule`` by October 6, 1994. These are the only provisions of the FFCA that require a new rulemaking. It is clear that the Munitions Rule could have a significant effect on the way in which DOD manages munitions. Demilitarization, range management, training activities, and emergency response actions may be affected. It is important for DOD, the Services, and individual installations, to be aware of potential impacts of the FFCA on munitions management operations. The purpose of this paper is to review several important munitions Rule issues, and to discuss potential impacts of these issues.« less

Explosive particle soil surface dispersion model for detonated military munitions.

PubMed

Hathaway, John E; Rishel, Jeremy P; Walsh, Marianne E; Walsh, Michael R; Taylor, Susan

2015-07-01

The accumulation of high explosive mass residue from the detonation of military munitions on training ranges is of environmental concern because of its potential to contaminate the soil, surface water, and groundwater. The US Department of Defense wants to quantify, understand, and remediate high explosive mass residue loadings that might be observed on active firing ranges. Previously, efforts using various sampling methods and techniques have resulted in limited success, due in part to the complicated dispersion pattern of the explosive particle residues upon detonation. In our efforts to simulate particle dispersal for high- and low-order explosions on hypothetical firing ranges, we use experimental particle data from detonations of munitions from a 155-mm howitzer, which are common military munitions. The mass loadings resulting from these simulations provide a previously unattained level of detail to quantify the explosive residue source-term for use in soil and water transport models. In addition, the resulting particle placements can be used to test, validate, and optimize particle sampling methods and statistical models as applied to firing ranges. Although the presented results are for a hypothetical 155-mm howitzer firing range, the method can be used for other munition types once the explosive particle characteristics are known.

48 CFR 225.770 - Prohibition on acquisition of United States Munitions List items from Communist Chinese military...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Prohibition on acquisition of United States Munitions List items from Communist Chinese military companies. 225.770 Section 225... of United States Munitions List items from Communist Chinese military companies. This section...

40 CFR 266.202 - Definition of solid waste.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... MANAGEMENT FACILITIES Military Munitions § 266.202 Definition of solid waste. (a) A military munition is not... personnel or explosives and munitions emergency response specialists (including training in proper destruction of unused propellant or other munitions); or (ii) Use in research, development, testing, and...

40 CFR 266.202 - Definition of solid waste.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... MANAGEMENT FACILITIES Military Munitions § 266.202 Definition of solid waste. (a) A military munition is not... personnel or explosives and munitions emergency response specialists (including training in proper destruction of unused propellant or other munitions); or (ii) Use in research, development, testing, and...

40 CFR 266.202 - Definition of solid waste.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... MANAGEMENT FACILITIES Military Munitions § 266.202 Definition of solid waste. (a) A military munition is not... personnel or explosives and munitions emergency response specialists (including training in proper destruction of unused propellant or other munitions); or (ii) Use in research, development, testing, and...

40 CFR 266.202 - Definition of solid waste.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 27 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Definition of solid waste. 266.202 Section 266.202 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) SOLID WASTES... MANAGEMENT FACILITIES Military Munitions § 266.202 Definition of solid waste. (a) A military munition is not...

40 CFR 266.202 - Definition of solid waste.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 26 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Definition of solid waste. 266.202 Section 266.202 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) SOLID WASTES... MANAGEMENT FACILITIES Military Munitions § 266.202 Definition of solid waste. (a) A military munition is not...

Advances in Classification Methods for Military Munitions Response

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-12-01

Response Herb Nelson Objective of the Course Provide an update on the sensors , methods, and status of the classification of military munitions...advanced EMI sensors 2Advances in Classification - Introduction Report Documentation Page Form ApprovedOMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for the...Electromagnetics (EM): Fundamentals and Parameter Extraction Stephen Billings EM Module Outline ● EMI Fundamentals How EMI sensors work and what they measure

Chemical Warfare Materiel in Sediment at a Deep-Water Discarded Military Munitions Site

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Briggs, C. W.; Bissonnette, M. C.; Edwards, M.; Shjegstad, S. M.

2016-12-01

Understanding the release and transformation of chemical agent (CA) at underwater discarded military munitions (DMM) sites is essential to determine the potential risk to human health and impact on the ocean environment; yet few studies have been conducted at sites in excess of 250 m, the depth at which most U.S. CA munitions were disposed. Maritime construction workers installing cables or pipelines at a CA DMM site, as well as fishermen and scientific researchers deploying bottom-contact gear, represent possible exposure pathways to human receptors. The Hawai`i Undersea Military Munitions Assessment (HUMMA) sought to characterize a historic munitions sea-disposal site at depths between 400-650 m. During the 2014 HUMMA Sampling Survey, the Jason 2 remotely operated vehicle was used to collect sediments within two meters of suspected World War II chemical munitions, confirmed to be 100-lb M47 series bombs containing sulfur mustard. When environmental media was brought to the surface, samples were screened for distilled sulfur mustard (HD) and related agent breakdown products (ABP) (collectively referred to as chemical warfare materiel [CWM]). Detectable concentrations of HD and/or its ABP 1,4-dithiane were found in sediments collected at all CA DMM sites; HD was also detected at two control sites. The location and extent of munitions casing deterioration strongly influenced the distribution and level of CWM in sediment. The interior of the casing contained levels of CWM orders of magnitudes higher than that observed in the surrounding sediment at one meter distance, indicating the majority of the CWM is hydrolyzed as it is released from the munitions casing and a fraction of the fill materiel persists in the environment for decades following disposal. Although the potential for future site users to become exposed to CWA in recovered sediments and debris exists, the level of risk is significantly mitigated by the depth and location of the sea-disposal site.

Bioaccumulation of chemical warfare agents, energetic materials, and metals in deep-sea shrimp from discarded military munitions sites off Pearl Harbor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Koide, Shelby; Silva, Jeff A. K.; Dupra, Vilma; Edwards, Margo

2016-06-01

The bioaccumulation of munitions-related chemicals at former military deep-water disposal sites is poorly understood. This paper presents the results of human-food-item biota sampling to assess the potential for bioaccumulation of chemical warfare agents, energetic materials, arsenic, and additional munitions-related metals in deep-sea shrimp tissue samples collected during the Hawai'i Undersea Military Munitions Assessment (HUMMA) project to date. The HUMMA investigation area is located within a former munitions sea-disposal site located south of Pearl Harbor on the island of O'ahu, Hawai'i, designated site Hawaii-05 (HI-05) by the United States Department of Defense. Indigenous deep-sea shrimp (Heterocarpus ensifer) were caught adjacent to discarded military munitions (DMM) and at control sites where munitions were absent. Tissue analysis results showed that chemical warfare agents and their degradation products were not present within the edible portions of these samples at detectable concentrations, and energetic materials and their degradation products were detected in only a few samples at concentrations below the laboratory reporting limits. Likewise, arsenic, copper, and lead concentrations were below the United States Food and Drug Administration's permitted concentrations of metals in marine biota tissue (if defined), and their presence within these samples could not be attributed to the presence of DMM within the study area based on a comparative analysis of munitions-adjacent and control samples collected. Based on this current dataset, it can be concluded that DMM existing within the HUMMA study area is not contributing to the bioaccumulation of munitions-related chemicals for the biota species investigated to date.

The Long Search for a Surgical Strike: Precision Munitions and the Revolution in Military Affairs

DTIC Science & Technology

2001-10-01

METS, PhD School of Advanced Airpower Studies CADRE Paper No. 12 Air University Press Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama 36112-6615 October 2001...military affairs / David R. Mets. p. cm. -- (CADRE paper ; no. 12 ) — ISSN 1537-3371 At head of title: College of Aerospace Doctrine, Research and...guided munitions-- History. 4. Precision guided munitions--United States. I. Title. II. CADRE paper ; 12 . UG630 .M37823 2001 359�--dc21

The Success of a National Dialogue on Sustainable Military Range Management

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Siegel, Lenny

2003-01-01

Military munitions are the silent giant of hazardous waste management and cleanup in the United States. Toward the end of the first Clinton administration, the Navy and Air Force prevailed upon the Army--the armed service with the biggest ordnance problem--to consider co-sponsoring a formal dialogue on military munitions facilitated by the…

Distribution of chemical warfare agent, energetics, and metals in sediments at a deep-water discarded military munitions site

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Briggs, Christian; Shjegstad, Sonia M.; Silva, Jeff A. K.; Edwards, Margo H.

2016-06-01

There is a strong need to understand the behavior of chemical warfare agent (CWA) at underwater discarded military munitions (DMM) sites to determine the potential threat to human health or the environment, yet few studies have been conducted at sites in excess of 250 m, the depth at which most U.S. chemical munitions were disposed. As part of the Hawai'i Undersea Military Munitions Assessment (HUMMA), sediments adjacent to chemical and conventional DMM at depths of 400-650 m were sampled using human occupied vehicles (HOVs) in order to quantify the distribution of CWA, energetics, and select metals. Sites in the same general area, with no munitions within 50 m in any direction were sampled as a control. Sulfur mustard (HD) and its degradation product 1,4-dithiane were detected at each CWA DMM site, as well as a single sample with the HD degradation product 1,4-thioxane. An energetic compound was detected in sediment to a limited extent at one CWA DMM site. Metals common in munitions casings (i.e., Fe, Cu, and Pb) showed similar trends at the regional and site-wide scales, likely reflecting changes in marine sediment deposition and composition. This study shows HD and its degradation products can persist in the deep-marine environment for decades following munitions disposal.

Locating and Evaluating Sea-Disposed Munitions--Examples from the Hawaii Undersea Military Munitions Assessment (HUMMA) Project

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Edwards, M.; Wilkens, R. H.; Kelley, C.; de Carlo, E. H.; MacDonald, K.; Garcia, S.; Vanwoerkom, M.; Payne, Z.; Dupra, V.; Rosete, M.; Cox, M.; Fineran, S.; King, J. C.; Carton, G.

2009-12-01

The Army, under its Environmental Quality Technology (EQT) Program funded the HUMMA Project to assess the location of, and potential risk to human health posed by, sea disposed munitions (discarded military munitions (DMM)) at a study site south of Pearl Harbor, Hawai‘i known as HI-05. These conventional and chemical munitions are believed to have been exposed to undersea biochemical and mechanical erosion since the late 1940’s. To locate <2-meter long DMM at depths of 300-600 meters, we used a series of nested surveys beginning with an IMI-120 sidescan sonar survey of HI-05. From backscatter data gridded into 0.5-2m cells, we identified trails of highly reflective targets as candidate study sites. We initially surveyed these sites using a towed video camera. Subsequently, during a 12-day program aboard the R/V Kaimikai-o-Kanaloa, we surveyed selected targets using PISCES submersibles and an RCV-150 remotely operated vehicle operated by the Hawaii Undersea Research Lab. Every trail of reflective targets identified in the IMI-120 data was subsequently shown to contain DMM of various types. In combination with completing optical surveys to augment the IMI-120 acoustic data, the PISCES submersibles collected 96 sediment and 24 water samples within 1 and 2 meters of high-interest DMM as well as comparative background sites. The Edgewood Chemical and Biological Center supported dive operations to ensure crew personnel were not exposed to chemical agents (CA) and processed samples on board to determine if CA was present. The processed samples were then packaged and shipped to various shore-based laboratories to determine the presence of energetics and metals. Upon completion of the diving program, various species of locally consumed snapper and shrimp were collected near several of the sediment and water sample sites for analogous laboratory analyses. Our approach proved to be highly successful, identifying in a 5-day long IMI-120 survey the location of dozens of

Finite Element Modeling of Scattering from Underwater Proud and Buried Military Munitions

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-02-28

FINAL REPORT Finite Element Modeling of Scattering from Underwater Proud and Buried Military Munitions SERDP Project MR-2408 JULY 2017...solution and the red dash-dot line repre- sents the coupled finite -boundary element solution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 3 The scattering...dot line represents the coupled finite -boundary element solution. . . . . . . . 11 i 4 The scattering amplitude as a function of the receiver angle for

Munitions integrity and corrosion features observed during the HUMMA deep-sea munitions disposal site investigations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Silva, Jeff A. K.; Chock, Taylor

2016-06-01

An evaluation of the current condition of sea-disposed military munitions observed during the 2009 Hawaii Undersea Military Munitions Assessment Project investigation is presented. The 69 km2 study area is located south of Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii, and is positioned within a former deep-sea disposal area designated as Hawaii-05 or HI-05 by the United States Department of Defense. HI-05 is known to contain both conventional and chemical munitions that were sea-disposed between 1920 and 1951. Digital images and video reconnaissance logs collected during six remotely operated vehicle and 16 human-occupied vehicle surveys were used to classify the integrity and state of corrosion of the 1842 discarded military munitions (DMM) objects encountered. Of these, 5% (or 90 individual DMM objects) were found to exhibit a mild-moderate degree of corrosion. The majority (66% or 1222 DMM objects) were observed to be significantly corroded, but visually intact on the seafloor. The remaining 29% of DMM encountered were found to be severely corroded and breached, with their contents exposed. Chemical munitions were not identified during the 2009 investigation. In general, identified munitions known to have been constructed with thicker casings were better preserved. Unusual corrosion features were also observed, including what are termed here as 'corrosion skirts' that resembled the flow and cementation of corrosion products at and away from the base of many munitions, and 'corrosion pedestal' features resembling a combination of cemented corrosion products and seafloor sediments that were observed to be supporting munitions above the surface of the seafloor. The origin of these corrosion features could not be determined due to the lack of physical samples collected. However, a microbial-mediated formation hypothesis is presented, based on visual analysis, which can serve as a testable model for future field programs.

Munitions Constituents (MC) and the Military Munitions Response Program (MMRP)

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-03-29

BUILDING STRONG® f i nv ronmen a on or ng a a ua y or s op 29 March 2011 MIDAS Munition Items Disposition Action System BUILDING STRONG® https...Corps of Engineers BUILDING STRONG® f i nv ronmen a on or ng a a ua y or s op 29 March 2011 Primary Explosives BUILDING STRONG®2 What are Primary...ronmen a on or ng a a ua y or s op 29 March 2011 Source of Metals from Munitions  Cartridge Case  Projectile Case  Bomb Case BUILDING STRONG

U.S. Corps of Engineers (COE) Letters to California, Texas and Illinois Regarding Munitions on Closed Military Ranges

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This memorandum responds to three letters sent by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (COE) representatives to the States of Texas, California, and Illinois involving interpretations of the Military Munitions Rule and state authority.

Analysis of Biota to Evaluate the Risks Associated with Chemical Warfare Materiel Present in Sea-Disposed Military Munitions to Human Health and the Environment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Briggs, C. W.; Bissonnette, M. C.; Edwards, M.; Shjegstad, S. M.

2016-12-01

Thousands of 100-lb M47A series bombs containing sulfur mustard were disposed in the ocean following World War II yet few studies have been conducted at sites in excess of 250 m, the depth where most discarded military munitions (DMM) were disposed. The Hawai`i Undersea Military Munitions Assessment (HUMMA) project was conducted to evaluate the risk from chemical warfare materiel (CWM) in DMM to human health, measuring ecological differences between the disposal area and nearby but otherwise similar areas, and evaluating the most efficient platforms for surveying DMM sea-disposal sites located at depths between 400-650 m. During the 2014 HUMMA Sampling Survey, the Jason 2 remotely operated vehicle was used to collect data. Shrimp were collected and analyzed to assess the potential for bioaccumulation of CWM, energetics and metals from munitions. No CWM was detected in H. ensifer tissue samples, indicating bioaccumulation is not occurring. Low levels of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, 4-amino-2,6-­dinitrotoluene, 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene, nitrobenzene, arsenic, copper, and lead were detected and the concentrations were not significantly different at DMM and control sites. No visible deformities, eroded fins, lesions, or tumors were observed on the shrimp living in the vicinity of M47A bombs. Given these results and under current and potential future uses of the HUMMA study area, health risks to likely receptors are within EPA acceptable levels. Photographic data and benthic infauna analysis were used to study benthic organisms that lived on or near munitions. There was no statistically distinguishable difference between organism distributions in dense and sparse munitions fields. Conventional munitions were found to have the greatest number of benthic infauna individuals, with control sites generally having the least number of individuals. This is consistent with the benthic macro-fauna analysis, which shows that munitions provide habitat.

Testicular trauma secondary to less-lethal kinetic energy munitions.

PubMed

Kavoussi, Parviz K; Hermans, Michael R

2006-06-01

Many cases of testicular trauma secondary to munitions have been reported. We report a case of a 37-year-old man who suffered testicular trauma as a result of a less-lethal munition projectile. With the advent, and increased use, of less-lethal munitions by the military and law enforcement agencies, more of these new subsets of genitourinary trauma patients who will require care are sure to result.

U.S. Army noncombat munitions injuries.

PubMed

Kopchinski, B; Lein, B

2001-02-01

The object of this study was to determine the types of noncombat injuries secondary to munitions sustained by U.S. Army soldiers. A retrospective review of all noncombat munitions injuries reported to the U.S. Army Safety Center from August 1989 to September 1996 was conducted. There were 742 incidents reported, resulting in 894 injured soldiers. The most common types of injuries were thermal burns, puncture wounds, and lacerations. The extremities were the most common anatomical location injured. The most common activities associated with injuries were combat training exercises, munitions firing, and rendering munitions safe. This study demonstrates a distinctive injury pattern for each category of munitions. Military readiness will be improved if we train all personnel to be familiar with the injury patterns and the most common situations associated with injury. By informing unit commanders which activities are associated with increased risk of injury, they may better prepare preventive measures to decrease the number of noncombat injuries.

40 CFR 266.200 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... FACILITIES Military Munitions § 266.200 Applicability. (a) The regulations in this subpart identify when military munitions become a solid waste, and, if these wastes are also hazardous under this subpart or 40... munitions. ...

40 CFR 266.200 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... FACILITIES Military Munitions § 266.200 Applicability. (a) The regulations in this subpart identify when military munitions become a solid waste, and, if these wastes are also hazardous under this subpart or 40... munitions. ...

40 CFR 266.200 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... FACILITIES Military Munitions § 266.200 Applicability. (a) The regulations in this subpart identify when military munitions become a solid waste, and, if these wastes are also hazardous under this subpart or 40... munitions. ...

40 CFR 266.200 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... FACILITIES Military Munitions § 266.200 Applicability. (a) The regulations in this subpart identify when military munitions become a solid waste, and, if these wastes are also hazardous under this subpart or 40... munitions. ...

40 CFR 266.200 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... FACILITIES Military Munitions § 266.200 Applicability. (a) The regulations in this subpart identify when military munitions become a solid waste, and, if these wastes are also hazardous under this subpart or 40... munitions. ...

40 CFR 266.204 - Standards applicable to emergency responses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT FACILITIES Military Munitions § 266.204 Standards applicable to emergency responses. Explosives and munitions emergencies involving military munitions or explosives are subject to 40...

40 CFR 266.204 - Standards applicable to emergency responses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT FACILITIES Military Munitions § 266.204 Standards applicable to emergency responses. Explosives and munitions emergencies involving military munitions or explosives are subject to 40...

Military wastes-to-energy applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kawaoka, K. E.

1980-11-01

This analysis focuses on the military waste material and byproduct stream and the potential for energy recovery and utilization. Feedstock material includes municipal-type solid waste, selected installation hazardous waste, and biomass residue. The study objectives are to (1) analyze the characteristics of the military waste stream; (2) identify potential energy recovery options; and (3) examine and assess the technical and economic feasibility and environmental and institutional impacts of various energy recovery approaches. Total energy recoverable from DOD solid waste could provide about 2 percent of DOD's facility energy demand. The energy potential available to DOD from biomass and hazardous waste was not available. Available waste-to-energy systems are thermal conversion processes such as incineration with heat recovery. The significance of this recoverable energy from military wastes is put in proper perspective when the benefits and barriers in using waste-derived energy are considered. Some of the benefits of waste-to-energy conversion are as follows: waste energy is a readily available and inexhaustible resource that greatly reduces dependence on imported energy.

Hawaii Munitions Monitoring Station and Natural Laboratory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Edwards, M.; Trimble, A. Z.; Rognstad, M. R.

2017-12-01

Hundreds of thousands of tons of conventional munitions were fired into the ocean at military ranges or deliberately disposed at sea during the twentieth century. Potential contaminants from munitions and explosives of concern (MEC) affect virtually every coast in the United States, including Alaska, the Hawaiian Islands, Guam, American Samoa and other U.S. territories as well as inland waterways. It is necessary to develop methods to assess the concentrations of munitions constituents present at a site to address concerns about the presence of environmentally relevant concentrations and their potential impacts. Having a well-characterized site to test instruments and methods is important for continued development and refinement of technology. Most sites are too big to characterize comprehensively in three dimensions over time periods lasting days or longer. We are working to develop a monitoring station and natural laboratory near Oahu, Hawaii to create a cost-effective demonstration and validation natural laboratory where emerging technologies can be evaluated and compared. Ordnance Reef (OR) is an ideal location to establish a munitions monitoring station for historical, logistical and environmental reasons. OR is an area of shallow fringing reef measuring approximately 4.2 km by 2.2 km along the Waianae coast of Oahu that was used as a disposal area for military munitions following World War II. OR has been the subject of multiple investigations including an inventory of munitions conducted by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in 2002 and a screening-level risk investigation conducted by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the University of Hawaii in 2006. As a result, there are multiple datasets collected over the past fifteen years that can be leveraged to serve as a baseline for the natural laboratory. These extant datasets are being supplemented with data from integrated unmanned systems deployed at OR to characterize and visualize the

USE OF SALMONELLA MICROSUSPENSION BIOASSAY TO DETECT THE MUTGENICITY OF MUNITIONS COMPOUNDS AT LOW CONCENTRATIONS

EPA Science Inventory

Use of a Salmonella Microsuspension Bioassay to Detect the Mutagenicity of
Munitions Compounds at Low Concentrations

Abstract

Past production and handling of munitions has resulted in soil contamination at various military facilities. Depending on...

Improving post-detonation energetics residues estimations for the Life Cycle Environmental Assessment process for munitions.

EPA Science Inventory

The Life Cycle Environmental Assessment (LCEA) process for military munitions tracks possible environmental impacts incurred during all phases of the life of a munition. The greatest energetics-based emphasis in the current LCEA process is on manufacturing. A review of recent LCE...

Chemical munitions dumped at sea

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Edwards, Margo; Bełdowski, Jacek

2016-06-01

Modern chemical warfare is a byproduct of the industrial revolution, which created factories capable of rapidly producing artillery shells that could be filled with toxic chemicals such as chlorine, phosgene and mustard agent. The trench warfare of World War I inaugurated extensive deployments of modern chemical weapons in 1915. Concomitantly, the need arose to dispose of damaged, captured or excess chemical munitions and their constituents. Whereas today chemical warfare agents (CWA) are destroyed via chemical neutralization processes or high-temperature incineration in tandem with environmental monitoring, in the early to middle 20th century the options for CWA disposal were limited to open-air burning, burial and disposal at sea. The latter option was identified as the least likely of the three to impact mankind, and sea dumping of chemical munitions commenced. Eventually, the potential impacts of sea dumping human waste were recognized, and in 1972 an international treaty, the Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter, was developed to protect the marine environment from pollution caused by the dumping of wastes and other matter into the ocean. By the time this treaty, referred to as the London Convention, was signed by a majority of nations, millions of tons of munitions were known to have been disposed throughout the world's oceans.

Processing of Lewisite munitions in the explosive destruction system.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shepodd, Timothy J.; Didlake, John E., Jr.; Bradshaw, Robert W., PhD

2005-03-01

The Explosive Destruction System (EDS) is a transportable system designed to treat chemical munitions. The EDS is transported on an open trailer that provides a mounting surface for major system components and an operator's work platform. The trailer is towed by a prime mover. An explosive containment vessel contains the shock, munition fragments, and the chemical agent during the munition opening process, and then provides a vessel for the subsequent chemical treatment of the agent. A fragmentation suppression system houses the chemical munition and protects the containment vessel from high velocity fragments. An explosive accessing system uses shaped charges tomore » cut the munition open and attack the burster. A firing system detonates the shaped charges. A chemical feed system supplies neutralizing reagents and water to the containment vessel. A waste handling system drains the treated effluent.« less

Development of the joint munitions planning system - a planning tool for the ammunition community.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hummel, J. R.; Winiecki, A. L.; Fowler, R. S.

2004-10-01

The United States Army Joint Munitions Command (JMC) is the executive agent for the Single Manager for Conventional Ammunition (SMCA). As such the JMC is responsible for the storage and transportation of all Service's SMCA as well as non-SMCA munitions. Part of the JMC mission requires that complex depot capacity studies, transportation capabilities analyses, peacetime re-allocations/ redistribution plans and time-phased deployment distribution plans be developed. Beginning in 1999 the Joint Munitions Planning System (JMPS) was developed to provide sourcing and movement solutions of ammunition for military planners.

Dissolution of three insensitive munitions formulations.

PubMed

Taylor, Susan; Park, Eileen; Bullion, Katherine; Dontsova, Katerina

2015-01-01

The US military fires live munitions during training. To save soldiers lives both during training and war, the military is developing insensitive munitions (IM) that minimize unintentional detonations. Some of the compounds in the IM formulation are, however, very soluble in water, raising environmental concerns about their fate and transport. We measured the dissolution of three of these IM formulations, IMX101, IMX104 and PAX21 using laboratory drip tests and studied the accompanying changes in particle structure using micro computed tomography. Our laboratory drip tests mimic conditions on training ranges, where spatially isolated particles of explosives scattered by partial detonations are dissolved by rainfall. We found that the constituents of these IM formulations dissolve sequentially and in the order predicted by their aqueous solubility. The order of magnitude differences in solubility among their constituents produce water solutions whose compositions and concentrations vary with time. For IMX101 and IMX104, that contain 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO), the solutions also vary in pH. The good mass balances measured for the drip tests indicate that the formulations are not being photo-or bio-transformed under laboratory conditions. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Time-lapse camera studies of sea-disposed chemical munitions in Hawaii

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Edwards, Margo H.; Fornari, Daniel J.; Rognstad, Mark R.; Kelley, Christopher D.; Mah, Christopher L.; Davis, Logan K.; Flores, Kyle R. M.; Main, Erin L.; Bruso, Natalie L.

2016-06-01

The interactions between fauna and sea-disposed munitions provide important evidence regarding whether munitions constituents affect the health of the ocean environment and its inhabitants. To date few studies of these interactions have been conducted at deep-water disposal sites; typically observations of fauna in the vicinity of sea-disposed munitions are limited to the few minutes or hours required to collect physical samples at a specific location. During the 2012 Hawaii Undersea Military Munitions Assessment (HUMMA) field program we deployed two deep-sea time-lapse camera systems with the objectives of cataloging the diversity of fauna visiting sea-disposed chemical munitions and observing faunal behavior and physiology. Over the 1- and 3-day deployments we recorded 28 different species of fishes, crustaceans, mollusks, cnidarians, and echinoderms at the two sites. Both cameras captured the previously undocumented behavior of brisingid sea stars repositioning themselves along chemical munitions casings. Despite the fact that brisingid sea stars are able to move, for the duration of both time-lapse experiments they remained on chemical munitions casings. We interpret this result to indicate that the advantages of residing on a hard substrate slightly elevated above the seafloor outweigh the effects of chemical munitions constituents for brisingid sea stars. One type of physiological anomaly observed on several arms of the brisingid sea stars at the time-lapse sites led to the collection and examination of six specimens. As reported by Mah (2015. Deep Sea Res. II, 2015, XX-XX), these physiological features are the result of parasitic crustaceans and are not caused by chemical munitions constituents.

Chemical Munitions Dumped at Sea near the Hawaiian Islands

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Edwards, M.; Bissonnette, M. C.; Briggs, C. W.; Shjegstad, S. M.

2016-12-01

Sea disposal was once internationally accepted as an appropriate method for disposal of excess, obsolete, and unserviceable conventional and chemical munitions. The past decade has seen an increase in the number and complexity of studies to assess the effects of historical munitions disposal in the oceans. The Hawai`i Undersea Military Munitions Assessment (HUMMA) is a comprehensive deep-water (300-600 meter) investigation designed to determine the potential impact of sea-disposed munitions on the ocean environment, and vice versa, at a disposal site south of Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii. Historical records indicated that as many as 16,000 mustard-filled bombs were disposed in this area following World War II. A secondary objective of HUMMA is to determine best practices and technologies for mapping and sampling sea-disposed munitions. The overarching result from five HUMMA field programs conducted over a decade is that the greatest risk from munitions derives from direct contact; there is little evidence that leakage from munitions into the surrounding environment has a direct pathway to affect human health and the impact on the surrounding environment in Hawaii is detectable only at trace levels. This finding should be modulated based on the quantity of physical samples, which were collected around <1% of the potential 16,000 bombs. In 2014 when the Jason 2 remotely operated vehicle (ROV) directly sampled the internal constituents of bombs, distilled mustard was recovered. Additionally, inconsistent with results from the 2009 and 2012 HUMMA sampling programs, during the ROV-based 2014 field program trace amounts of mustard agent and its breakdown products were detected at control sites. Both findings support a hypothesis that the impacts of sea-disposed munitions change over time. This presentation will describe the technical approach and results of the 2014 HUMMA field program using Jason 2.

Strategic Munitions Planning in Non-Conventional Asymmetric Operations

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-04-01

Conventional Asymmetric Operations RTO-MP-SAS-081 16 - 3 with a clearly structured, sized and located military force. The principles of Lanchester ...stockpiles and calculated munitions requirements. REFERENCES [1] Prague Summit Declaration, November 2002. [2] J. Fletcher, The Lanchester Legacy... Lanchester battles, Journal of the Operational Research Society, Vol. 50 No. 3, March 1999. [13] W. Freeman, A Study of Ammunition Consumption, Master of

Occurrence and possible sources of arsenic in seafloor sediments surrounding sea-disposed munitions and chemical agents near O´ahu, Hawai´i

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tomlinson, Michael S.; De Carlo, Eric Heinen

2016-06-01

The Department of Defense disposed of conventional and chemical munitions as well as bulk containers of chemical agents in US coastal waters including those surrounding the State of Hawai´i. The Hawai´i Undersea Military Munitions Assessment has been collecting biota, water, and sediment samples from two disposal areas south of the island of O´ahu in waters 500 to 600 m deep known to have received both conventional munitions and chemical agents (specifically sulfur mustard). Unlike a number of other sea-disposed munitions investigations which used grabs or corers lowered from surface vessels, we used manned submersibles to collect the samples. Using this approach, we were able to visually identify the munitions and precisely locate our samples in relation to the munitions on the seafloor. This paper focuses on the occurrence and possible sources of arsenic found in the sediments surrounding the disposed military munitions and chemical agents. Using nonparametric multivariate statistical techniques, we looked for patterns in the chemical data obtained from these sediment samples in order to determine the possible sources of the arsenic found in these sediments. The results of the ordination technique nonmetric multidimensional scaling indicate that the arsenic is associated with terrestrial sources and not munitions. This was not altogether surprising given that: (1) the chemical agents disposed of in this area supposedly did not contain arsenic, and (2) the disposal areas studied were under terrestrial influence or served as dredge spoil disposal sites. The sediment arsenic concentrations during this investigation ranged from <1.3 to 40 mg/kg-dry weight with the lower concentrations typically found around control sites and munitions (not located in dredge disposal areas) and the higher values found at dredge disposal sites (with or without munitions). During the course of our investigation we did, however, discover that mercury appears to be loosely associated

Munitions related feature extraction from LIDAR data.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Roberts, Barry L.

2010-06-01

The characterization of former military munitions ranges is critical in the identification of areas likely to contain residual unexploded ordnance (UXO). Although these ranges are large, often covering tens-of-thousands of acres, the actual target areas represent only a small fraction of the sites. The challenge is that many of these sites do not have records indicating locations of former target areas. The identification of target areas is critical in the characterization and remediation of these sites. The Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) and Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP) of the DoD have been developing and implementing techniquesmore » for the efficient characterization of large munitions ranges. As part of this process, high-resolution LIDAR terrain data sets have been collected over several former ranges. These data sets have been shown to contain information relating to former munitions usage at these ranges, specifically terrain cratering due to high-explosives detonations. The location and relative intensity of crater features can provide information critical in reconstructing the usage history of a range, and indicate areas most likely to contain UXO. We have developed an automated procedure using an adaptation of the Circular Hough Transform for the identification of crater features in LIDAR terrain data. The Circular Hough Transform is highly adept at finding circular features (craters) in noisy terrain data sets. This technique has the ability to find features of a specific radius providing a means of filtering features based on expected scale and providing additional spatial characterization of the identified feature. This method of automated crater identification has been applied to several former munitions ranges with positive results.« less

48 CFR 252.225-7007 - Prohibition on Acquisition of United States Munitions List Items from Communist Chinese Military...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... of the commercial or defense industrial base of the People's Republic of China; or (2) Owned or... China. United States Munitions List means the munitions list of the International Traffic in Arms...

48 CFR 252.225-7007 - Prohibition on Acquisition of United States Munitions List Items from Communist Chinese Military...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... of the commercial or defense industrial base of the People's Republic of China; or (2) Owned or... China. United States Munitions List means the munitions list of the International Traffic in Arms...

48 CFR 252.225-7007 - Prohibition on Acquisition of United States Munitions List Items from Communist Chinese Military...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... of the commercial or defense industrial base of the People's Republic of China; or (2) Owned or... China. United States Munitions List means the munitions list of the International Traffic in Arms...

48 CFR 252.225-7007 - Prohibition on Acquisition of United States Munitions List Items from Communist Chinese Military...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... of the commercial or defense industrial base of the People's Republic of China; or (2) Owned or... China. United States Munitions List means the munitions list of the International Traffic in Arms...

48 CFR 252.225-7007 - Prohibition on Acquisition of United States Munitions List Items from Communist Chinese Military...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... of the commercial or defense industrial base of the People's Republic of China; or (2) Owned or... China. United States Munitions List means the munitions list of the International Traffic in Arms...

Military Hazardous Wastes: An Overview and Analysis.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-12-01

the soil as fertilizers or soil conditioners * Mining overburden returned to the mine site Utility wastes (fly ash, flue gas desulfurization sludge...19 3.3.2 What Is the Significance of Superfund to Military Wastes? ...... ............... 20 3.4 Toxic Substances Control Act...Hazardous Wastes From Current and Future Operations .... ......... 34 4.4 Organizational Responsibilities ... ............. .. 42 5. CONTROL TECHNOLOGY

Inspection report: the Department of Energy's export licensing process for dual-use and munitions commodities

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Friedman, Gregory H.

1999-05-01

Export of commodities, encouraged by both the private sector and the Federal Government, helps to improve our position in the global economy and is in the national interest of the US. However, exports of commodities or technologies, without regard to whether they may significantly contribute to the military potential of individual countries or combination of countries or enhance the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, may adversely affect the national security of the US. The Federal Government, therefore, implements several laws, Executive Orders, and regulations to control the export of certain commodities and technologies. These commodities and technologies require amore » license for export. Some of the controlled items are designated as ''dual-use,'' that is, commodities and technologies that have both civilian and military application. Some dual-use commodities are designated as ''nuclear dual-use''--items controlled for nuclear nonproliferation purposes. Another group of controlled commodities is designated as munitions, which are goods and technologies that have solely military uses. The Department of Energy (Energy) conducts reviews of export license applications for nuclear dual-use items and certain munitions. On August 26, 1998, the Chairman of the Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs requested that the Inspectors General from the Departments of Commerce, Defense, Energy, State, and Treasury, and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), update and expand on a 1993 interagency review conducted by the Inspectors General of the Departments of Commerce, Defense, Energy, and State of the export licensing processes for dual-use and munitions commodities.« less

Incorporating advanced EMI technologies in operational munitions characterization surveys

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Miller, Jonathan S.; Shubiditze, Fridon; Pasion, Leonard; Schultz, Gregory; Chung, Heesoo

2011-06-01

The presence of unexploded ordnance (UXO), discarded military munitions (DMM), and munitions constituents (MC) at both active and formerly used defense sites (FUDS) has created a necessity for production-level efforts to remove these munitions and explosives of concern (MEC). Ordnance and explosives (OE) and UXO removal operations typically employ electromagnetic induction (EMI) or magnetometer surveys to identify potential MEC hazards in previously determined areas of interest. A major cost factor in these operations is the significant allocation of resources for the excavation of harmless objects associated with fragmentation, scrap, or geological clutter. Recent advances in classification and discrimination methodologies, as well as the development of sensor technologies that fully exploit physics-based analysis, have demonstrated promise for significantly reducing the false alarm rate due to MEC related clutter. This paper identifies some of the considerations for and the challenges associated with implementing these discrimination methodologies and advanced sensor technologies in production-level surveys. Specifically, we evaluate the implications of deploying an advanced multi-axis EMI sensor at a variety of MEC sites, the discrimination methodologies that leverage the data produced by this sensor, and the potential for productivity increase that could be realized by incorporating this advanced technology as part of production protocol.

An overview of the sustainability of solid waste management at military installations

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Borglin, S.; Shore, J.; Worden, H.

2009-08-15

Sustainable municipal solid waste management at military solutions necessitates a combined approach that includes waste reduction, alternative disposal techniques, and increased recycling. Military installations are unique because they often represent large employers in the region in which they are located, thereby making any practices they employ impact overall waste management strategies of the region. Solutions for waste sustainability will be dependent on operational directives and base location, availability of resources such as water and energy, and size of population. Presented in this paper are descriptions of available waste strategies that can be used to support sustainable waste management. Results presentedmore » indicate source reduction and recycling to be the most sustainable solutions. However, new waste-to-energy plants and composting have potential to improve on these well proven techniques and allow military installations to achieve sustainable waste management.« less

Totally Integrated Munitions Enterprise ''Affordable Munitions Production for the 21st Century''

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Burleson, R.R.; Poggio, M.E.; Rosenberg, S.J.

2000-09-13

The U.S. Army faces several munitions manufacturing issues: downsizing of the organic production base, timely fielding of affordable smart munitions, and munitions replenishment during national emergencies. Totally Integrated Munitions Enterprise (TIME) is addressing these complex issues via the development and demonstration of an integrated enterprise. The enterprise will include the tools, network, and open modular architecture controllers to enable accelerated acquisition, shortened concept to volume production, lower life cycle costs, capture of critical manufacturing processes, and communication of process parameters between remote sites to rapidly spin-off production for replenishment by commercial sources. TIME addresses the enterprise as a system, integratingmore » design, engineering, manufacturing, administration, and logistics.« less

Totally Integrated Munitions Enterprise ''Affordable Munitions Production for the 21st Century''

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Burleson, R.R.; Poggio, M.E.; Rosenberg, S.J.

2000-08-18

The U.S. Army faces several munitions manufacturing issues: downsizing of the organic production base, timely fielding of affordable smart munitions, and munitions replenishment during national emergencies. Totally Integrated Munitions Enterprise (TIME) is addressing these complex issues via the development and demonstration of an integrated enterprise. The enterprise will include the tools, network, and open modular architecture controllers to enable accelerated acquisition, shortened concept to volume production, lower life cycle costs, capture of critical manufacturing processes, and communication of process parameters between remote sites to rapidly spin-off production for replenishment by commercial sources. TIME addresses the enterprise as a system, integratingmore » design, engineering, manufacturing, administration, and logistics.« less

22 CFR 121.11 - Military demolition blocks and blasting caps.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Military demolition blocks and blasting caps. 121.11 Section 121.11 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC IN ARMS REGULATIONS THE UNITED STATES MUNITIONS LIST Enumeration of Articles § 121.11 Military demolition blocks and...

22 CFR 121.11 - Military demolition blocks and blasting caps.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Military demolition blocks and blasting caps. 121.11 Section 121.11 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC IN ARMS REGULATIONS THE UNITED STATES MUNITIONS LIST Enumeration of Articles § 121.11 Military demolition blocks and...

22 CFR 121.11 - Military demolition blocks and blasting caps.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Military demolition blocks and blasting caps. 121.11 Section 121.11 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC IN ARMS REGULATIONS THE UNITED STATES MUNITIONS LIST Enumeration of Articles § 121.11 Military demolition blocks and...

22 CFR 121.11 - Military demolition blocks and blasting caps.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Military demolition blocks and blasting caps. 121.11 Section 121.11 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC IN ARMS REGULATIONS THE UNITED STATES MUNITIONS LIST Enumeration of Articles § 121.11 Military demolition blocks and...

Observation of Burial and Migration of Instrumented Surrogate Munitions Deployed in the Swash Zone

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cristaudo, D.; Puleo, J. A.; Bruder, B. L.

2017-12-01

Munitions (also known as unexploded ordnance; UXO) in the nearshore environment due to past military activities, may be found on the beach, constituting a risk for beach users. Munitions may be transported from offshore to shallower water and/or migrate along the coast. In addition, munitions may bury in place or be exhumed due to hydrodynamic forcing. Observations on munitions mobility have generally been collected offshore, while observations in the swash zone are scarce. The swash zone is the region of the beach alternately covered by wave runup where hydrodynamic processes may be intense. Studies of munitions mobility require the use of realistic surrogates to quantify mobility/burial and hydrodynamic forcing conditions. Four surrogates (BLU-61 Cluster Bomb, 81 mm Mortar, M151-70 Hydra Rocket and M107 155 mm High Explosive Howitzer) were developed and tested during large-scale laboratory and field studies. Surrogates house sensors that measure different components of motion. Errors between real munitions and surrogate parameters (mass, center of gravity and axial moment of inertia) are all within an absolute error of 20%. Internal munitions sensors consist of inertial motion units (for acceleration and angular velocity in and around the three directions and orientation), pressure transducers (for water depth above surrogate), shock recorders (for high frequency acceleration to detect wave impact on the surrogate), and an in-house designed array of optical sensors (for burial/exposure and rolling). An in situ array of sensors to measure hydrodynamics, bed morphology and sediment concentrations, was deployed in the swash zone, aligned with the surrogate deployment. Data collected during the studies will be shown highlighting surrogate sensor capabilities. Sensors response will be compared with GPS measurements and imagery from cameras overlooking the study sites of surrogate position as a function of time. Examples of burial/exposure and migration of surrogates

Detection of munitions grade g-series nerve agents using Raman excitation at 1064 nm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Roy, Eric; Wilcox, Phillip G.; Hoffland, Soren; Pardoe, Ian

2015-05-01

Raman spectroscopy is a powerful tool for obtaining molecular structure information of a sample. While Raman spectroscopy is a common laboratory based analytical tool, miniaturization of opto-electronic components has allowed handheld Raman analyzers to become commercially available. These handheld systems are utilized by Military and First Responder operators tasked with rapidly identifying potentially hazardous chemicals in the field. However, one limitation of many handheld Raman detection systems is strong interference caused by fluorescence of the sample or underlying surface which obscures the characteristic Raman signature of the target analyte. Munitions grade chemical warfare agents (CWAs) are produced and stored in large batches and typically have more impurities from the storage container, degradation, or unreacted precursors. In this work, Raman spectra of munitions grade CWAs were collected using a handheld Raman spectrometer with a 1064 nm excitation laser. While Raman scattering generated by a 1064 nm laser is inherently less efficient than excitation at shorter wavelengths, high quality spectra were easily obtained due to significantly reduced fluorescence of the munitions grade CWAs. The spectra of these less pure, but more operationally relevant, munitions grade CWAs were then compared to spectra of CASARM grade CWAs, as well as Raman spectra collected using the more common 785 nm excitation laser.

Quantification of Hydrodynamic Forcing on Smart Munitions on the Beach Face - Designof Smart Munitions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cristaudo, D.; Bruder, B. L.; Puleo, J. A.

2016-12-01

Millions of unexploded ordnance (munitions) are located in the waters off of US coasts. They canmigrate to the beach and become a peril to local beach users. The research objective is to quantifythe small scale processes on the beach face responsible for munition mobility. Several experimentsat different sites with different wave and bathymetry conditions will be conducted. Realisticsurrogate munitions were constructed to facilitate the future experiments. Six different munitiontypes were replicated, selecting a range of calibers covering a variety of dimensions from 20 mmto 155 mm. The surrogates are made "smart" by designing them to house several internal sensors(the quantity depends on the available space inside the surrogate itself) that will aid in estimatingthe characteristics of their mobility. Each smart surrogate replicates the mass, center of gravity,and moment of inertia of the actual munition as close as possible. The sensors used inside the smartsurrogate munitions include: inertial motion units (IMU) to derive the surrogate position; Ubisenseultra-wideband tags for positioning in dry conditions; a Slamstick shock sensor to quantify thewave impact force on the surrogate; photocells to detect rolling and burial; and a pressure sensorto measure the water depth. The procedure of designing the smart surrogate munitions and sensorcapabilities will be presented.

Space augmentation of military high-level waste disposal

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

English, T.; Lees, L.; Divita, E.

1979-01-01

Space disposal of selected components of military high-level waste (HLW) is considered. This disposal option offers the promise of eliminating the long-lived radionuclides in military HLW from the earth. A space mission which meets the dual requirements of long-term orbital stability and a maximum of one space shuttle launch per week over a period of 20-40 years, is a heliocentric orbit about halfway between the orbits of earth and Venus. Space disposal of high-level radioactive waste is characterized by long-term predictability and short-term uncertainties which must be reduced to acceptably low levels. For example, failure of either the Orbit Transfer Vehicle after leaving low earth orbit, or the storable propellant stage failure at perihelion would leave the nuclear waste package in an unplanned and potentially unstable orbit. Since potential earth reencounter and subsequent burn-up in the earth's atmosphere is unacceptable, a deep space rendezvous, docking, and retrieval capability must be developed.

Totally Integrated Munitions Enterprise ''Affordable Munitions Production for the 21st Century''

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Burleson, R.R.; Poggio, M.E.; Rosenberg, S.J.

2000-07-14

The U.S. Army faces several munitions manufacturing issues: downsizing of the organic production base, timely fielding of affordable smart munitions, and munitions replenishment during national emergencies. TIME is addressing these complex issues via the development and demonstration of an integrated enterprise. The enterprise will include the tools, network, and open modular architecture controller to enable accelerated acquisition, shortened concept to volume production, lower life cycle costs, capture of critical manufacturing processes, and communication of process parameters between remote sites to rapidly spin-off production for replenishment by commercial sources. TIME addresses the enterprise as a system, integrating design, engineering, manufacturing, administration,more » and logistics.« less

ICM: Bridging the Capability Gap between 1 January 2019 and the Replacement Munition

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-06-09

fires. This qualitative case study focused on the ICM capability gap and potential solutions for the U.S. Field Artillery cannon and rocket systems... one of those countries, the United States could find itself committed in their defense. This case study will be used to provide insight to the...context of the potential ramifications of the 2008 DoD Policy on Cluster Munitions and Unintended Harm to Civilians, a case study on Russian military

2007 Munitions Executive Summit

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-02-07

production “anomalies” still occur regarding quality production that ripples throughout the munitions’ lifecycle, leaving the services to fund for...PEO Cross: Service Panel Chair: MG Paul S. Izzo, USA, PEO Ammunition Panel: - Brig Gen(S) Ken Merchant, USAF...and Munitions Congressional Perspective – Mr. Dick Ladd, CEO, Robinson International , Inc. Munitions Manufacturing Technology Panel Chair

Development of an Environmental Fate Simulator for New and Proposed Military Unique Munition Compounds

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-05-07

i.e., methylenedintramine) is susceptible to further biodegradation resulting in the formation of N20 and CO2. Developing the capability to predict...ensuring complete biodegradation of the munition compound into harmless products. Methylenedinitramine from RDX degradation can form from either...anaerobic biodegradation . Furthermore, only those transformation processes that are currently supported by reaction libraries will be functional

Optimization of Munitions Storage.

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-12-01

zones of land around each facility place a significant economic cost on the storage of munitions (Schreyer, 1970: 1). Munitions storage is a subject...ADDTOT, BTOTAL 353 REAL MPH,MW ,MPD, MPU ,4,MPNEW,MCD 354 IF (SW2.NE.0) GO TO 1 355 SW2 - 1 356 WRITE (6,2) 357 GO TO 3 358 1 IF (REC.EQ.0) GO TO 4 359 IF

Federal Facilities (Executive Offices) Sector (NAICS 921110)

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Find EPA regulatory information for federal facilities (NAICS 92), including information on base closures and transfers, hazardous waste, military munitions, perchorlate, environmentally preferable purchasing and comprehensive procurement guidelines

Explosive destruction system for disposal of chemical munitions

DOEpatents

Tschritter, Kenneth L [Livermore, CA; Haroldsen, Brent L [Manteca, CA; Shepodd, Timothy J [Livermore, CA; Stofleth, Jerome H [Albuquerque, NM; DiBerardo, Raymond A [Baltimore, MD

2005-04-19

An explosive destruction system and method for safely destroying explosively configured chemical munitions. The system comprises a sealable, gas-tight explosive containment vessel, a fragment suppression system positioned in said vessel, and shaped charge means for accessing the interior of the munition when the munition is placed within the vessel and fragment suppression system. Also provided is a means for treatment and neutralization of the munition's chemical fills, and means for heating and agitating the contents of the vessel. The system is portable, rapidly deployable and provides the capability of explosively destroying and detoxifying chemical munitions within a gas-tight enclosure so that there is no venting of toxic or hazardous chemicals during detonation.

2008 Munitions Executive Summit

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-02-21

7:00pm Hosted Reception 2008 Munitions Executive Summit February 20, 2008 – AGENDA (cont.) 8:00am Administrative Remarks 8:05am PEO Keynote Address...MES Awards Tuesday, February 19 5pm Reception /Pre-registration Sponsored by ATK Ammunition Systems Group and Kaman Aerospace’s Fuzing...15pm Adjourn 5:15pm - 7pm Hosted Reception Sponsored by DSE, Inc. and General Dynamics-OTS Munitions executive suMMit 2008 agenda & prograM

Improving post-detonation energetics residues estimations for the Life Cycle Environmental Assessment process for munitions.

PubMed

Walsh, Michael; Gullett, Brian; Walsh, Marianne; Bigl, Matthew; Aurell, Johanna

2018-03-01

The Life Cycle Environmental Assessment (LCEA) process for military munitions tracks possible environmental impacts incurred during all phases of the life of a munition. The greatest energetics-based emphasis in the current LCEA process is on manufacturing. A review of recent LCEAs indicates that energetics deposition on ranges from detonations and disposal during training is only peripherally examined through assessment of combustion products derived from closed-chamber testing or models. These assessments rarely report any measurable energetic residues. Field-testing of munitions for energetics residues deposition has demonstrated that over 30% of some energetic compounds remain after detonation, which conflicts with the LCEA findings. A study was conducted in the open environment to determine levels of energetics residue deposition and if combustion product results can be correlated with empirical deposition results. Energetics residues deposition, post-detonation combustion products, and fine aerosolized energetics particles following open-air detonation of blocks of Composition C4 (510 g RDX/block) were quantified. The deposited residues amounted to 3.6 mg of energetic per block of C4, or less than 0.001% of the original energetics. Aerial emissions of energetics were about 7% of the amount of deposited energetics. This research indicates that aerial combustion products analysis can provide a valuable supplement to energetics deposition data in the LCEA process but is insufficient alone to account for total residual energetics. This study demonstrates a need for the environmental testing of munitions to quantify energetics residues from live-fire training. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

40 CFR 266.204 - Standards applicable to emergency responses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) SOLID WASTES (CONTINUED) STANDARDS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF SPECIFIC HAZARDOUS WASTES AND SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT FACILITIES Military Munitions § 266.204 Standards applicable to emergency... CFR 262.10(i), 263.10(e), 264.1(g)(8), 265.1(c)(11), and 270.1(c)(3), or alternatively to 40 CFR 270...

40 CFR 266.204 - Standards applicable to emergency responses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) SOLID WASTES (CONTINUED) STANDARDS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF SPECIFIC HAZARDOUS WASTES AND SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT FACILITIES Military Munitions § 266.204 Standards applicable to emergency... CFR 262.10(i), 263.10(e), 264.1(g)(8), 265.1(c)(11), and 270.1(c)(3), or alternatively to 40 CFR 270...

40 CFR 266.204 - Standards applicable to emergency responses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...) SOLID WASTES (CONTINUED) STANDARDS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF SPECIFIC HAZARDOUS WASTES AND SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT FACILITIES Military Munitions § 266.204 Standards applicable to emergency... CFR 262.10(i), 263.10(e), 264.1(g)(8), 265.1(c)(11), and 270.1(c)(3), or alternatively to 40 CFR 270...

Observations of Munitions Mobility During a Nor'easter at Wallops Island

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Swann, C.; Frank, D. P.; Braithwaite, E. F., III; Hagg, R. K.; Calantoni, J.

2017-12-01

Unexploded ordnance (or munitions) may migrate, bury, or become exposed over time, and may pose a hazard to both humans and environment. Understanding the behavior of munitions under various wave and current conditions is central to management and remediation of contaminated underwater sites. We embedded Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) into inert replicas of large caliber munitions (81 mm - 155 mm), herein referred to as `smart munitions'. Several smart munitions were deployed in the field with IMUs logging at 16 Hz continuously. Simultaneously the local hydrodynamic conditions were monitored to correlate any resulting munitions mobility. Here, we present the response of the smart munitions to wave and current conditions observed during a nor'easter off the coast of Wallops Island, Virginia USA in about 10 m water depth. During the nor'easter, peak significant wave heights of 2.8 m were observed in 10 m water depth. Over a roughly 10-hour period, an 81 mm smart munition migrated approximately 206 ft in a net onshore direction. Displacement and heading of the migrated smart munition were estimated by divers during the recovery. Integration of the trajectory of motion for the smart munition using a custom signal processing algorithm was in good agreement with the diver measurements. Discussion will focus on the relationship of the local sediment type and the potential for munitions mobility.

Radiologic signs of weapons and munitions: How will noncombatants recognize them?

PubMed

Maizlin, Zeev V; Kuruvilla, Mathew; Clement, Jason J; Vos, Patrick M; Brown, Jacqueline A

2010-08-01

The purpose of this work was to show the radiologic signs named after weapons and munitions along with their military counterparts to help radiologists recognize these signs, which will allow confident interpretation and diagnosis. Numerous pathologic conditions have classic radiologic manifestations that resemble weapons and ammunition. Most of these signs are highly memorable and easy to recognize. However, the names of the weapons (some of them antique and some not commonly known) may confuse radiologists who are not familiar with the appearance of such weapons as the scimitar, bayonet, or dagger. The value of the signs is reduced if the radiologist is unfamiliar with the appearance of the corresponding weapon.

Emissions from small-scale burns of simulated deployed U.S. military waste.

PubMed

Woodall, Brian D; Yamamoto, Dirk P; Gullett, Brian K; Touati, Abderrahmane

2012-10-16

U.S. military forces have historically relied on open burning as an expedient method of volume reduction and treatment of solid waste during the conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq. This study is the first effort to characterize a broad range of pollutants and their emission factors during the burning of military waste and the effects that recycling efforts, namely removing plastics, might have on emissions. Piles of simulated military waste were constructed, burned, and emissions sampled at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Open Burn Testing Facility (OBTF), Research Triangle Park, NC. Three tests contained polyethylene terephthalate (PET #1 or PET) plastic water bottles and four did not. Emission factors for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), particulate matter (PM(10), PM(2.5)), polychlorinated and polybrominated dioxins/furans (PCDD/F and PBDD/F), and criteria pollutants were determined and are contained within. The average PCDD/F emission factors were 270 ng-toxic equivalency (TEQ) per kg carbon burned (ng-TEQ/kg Cb), ranging from 35 to 780 ng-TEQ/kg Cb. Limited testing suggests that targeted removal of plastic water bottles has no apparent effect on reducing pollutants and may even promote increased emissions.

19 CFR 145.53 - Firearms and munitions of war.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Firearms and munitions of war. 145.53 Section 145.53 Customs Duties U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY; DEPARTMENT OF... munitions of war. Importations of firearms, munitions of war, and related articles are subject to the import...

Underwater Munitions Expert System to Predict Mobility and Burial

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-11-14

exposure and aggregation for underwater munitions. 15. SUBJECT TERMS Underwater Munitions, Mobility, Burial, Application Programmer Interface...Munitions Expert System: Demonstration and Evaluation Report Acronyms API – Application Programmer Interface APL – Applied Physics...comparisons and traditional metrics such as the coefficient of correlation. The summary statistic for the comparisons of burial results

19 CFR 145.53 - Firearms and munitions of war.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Firearms and munitions of war. 145.53 Section 145.53 Customs Duties U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY; DEPARTMENT OF... munitions of war. Importations of firearms, munitions of war, and related articles are subject to the import...

19 CFR 145.53 - Firearms and munitions of war.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Firearms and munitions of war. 145.53 Section 145.53 Customs Duties U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY; DEPARTMENT OF... munitions of war. Importations of firearms, munitions of war, and related articles are subject to the import...

19 CFR 145.53 - Firearms and munitions of war.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Firearms and munitions of war. 145.53 Section 145.53 Customs Duties U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY; DEPARTMENT OF... munitions of war. Importations of firearms, munitions of war, and related articles are subject to the import...

19 CFR 145.53 - Firearms and munitions of war.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Firearms and munitions of war. 145.53 Section 145.53 Customs Duties U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY; DEPARTMENT OF... munitions of war. Importations of firearms, munitions of war, and related articles are subject to the import...

22 CFR 121.2 - Interpretations of the U.S. Munitions List.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Interpretations of the U.S. Munitions List. 121... UNITED STATES MUNITIONS LIST Enumeration of Articles § 121.2 Interpretations of the U.S. Munitions List... interpretations have the same force as if they were a part of the U.S. Munitions List category to which they refer...

Cluster munitions: a threat to health and human rights.

PubMed

Parikh, Sujal M

2010-01-01

Over the course of 2009, dozens of nations signed a new convention on cluster munitions, and several nations ratified the convention. To determine how public health professionals can participate in preventing death and injury from cluster munitions, we review the history of these weapons, their effects on individuals and communities, the history of efforts to limit their use, the Convention on Cluster Munitions, and ways that health professionals can support efforts to ban their use. Cluster munitions are a threat to civilians in conflict and post-conflict settings. They render homes, farms and businesses dangerous and inaccessible, and delay resettlement after the end of a conflict. Health professionals have led efforts to limit the use and proliferation of other weapons, and global collaboration to support the Convention on Cluster Munitions would be a step towards protecting the public's health.

Head and facial injuries due to cluster munitions.

PubMed

Fares, Youssef; Fares, Jawad; Gebeily, Souheil

2014-06-01

Cluster munitions are weapons that scatter smaller sub-munitions intended to kill or mutilate on impact. They have been used by the Israeli army in the south of Lebanon and are now scattered over wide rural areas affecting its inhabitants. Because of their easily "pickable" nature, sub-munitions can inflict injuries to the head and face regions. In this study, we aimed to explore the head and face injuries along with their clinical features in a group of Lebanese patients who suffered from such injuries due to a sub-munition's detonation. The study included all the cases reported between 14 August 2006 and 15 February 2013, with head and face injuries related to cluster bombs. Injuries were classified into brain, eye, otologic and auditory impairments, oral and maxillofacial, and skin and soft-tissue injuries. Psychological effects of these patients were also examined as for post-traumatic stress disorder, major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder and acute stress syndrome. During the study period, there were 417 casualties as a result of cluster munitions' blasts. Out of the total number of victims, 29 (7 %) were injured in the head and the face region. The convention on cluster munitions of 2008 should be adhered to, as these inhumane weapons indiscriminately and disproportionately harm innocent civilians, thereby violating the well-established international principles governing conflict and war today.

Aerostat-Based Sampling of Emissions from Open Burning and Open Detonation of Military Ordnance

EPA Science Inventory

Emissions from open detonation (OD), open burning (OB), and static firing (SF) of obsolete military munitions were collected using an aerostat-lofted sampling instrument maneuvered into the plumes with remotely controlled tether winches. PM2.5, PM10, metals, volatile organic comp...

32 CFR 179.2 - Applicability and scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... MUNITIONS RESPONSE SITE PRIORITIZATION PROTOCOL (MRSPP) § 179.2 Applicability and scope. (a) This part... ordnance (UXO), discarded military munitions (DMM), or munitions constituents (MC), and (3) That are... munitions results from combat operations, (5) Currently operating military munitions storage and...

32 CFR 179.2 - Applicability and scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... MUNITIONS RESPONSE SITE PRIORITIZATION PROTOCOL (MRSPP) § 179.2 Applicability and scope. (a) This part... ordnance (UXO), discarded military munitions (DMM), or munitions constituents (MC), and (3) That are... munitions results from combat operations, (5) Currently operating military munitions storage and...

32 CFR 179.2 - Applicability and scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... MUNITIONS RESPONSE SITE PRIORITIZATION PROTOCOL (MRSPP) § 179.2 Applicability and scope. (a) This part... ordnance (UXO), discarded military munitions (DMM), or munitions constituents (MC), and (3) That are... munitions results from combat operations, (5) Currently operating military munitions storage and...

32 CFR 179.2 - Applicability and scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... MUNITIONS RESPONSE SITE PRIORITIZATION PROTOCOL (MRSPP) § 179.2 Applicability and scope. (a) This part... ordnance (UXO), discarded military munitions (DMM), or munitions constituents (MC), and (3) That are... munitions results from combat operations, (5) Currently operating military munitions storage and...

32 CFR 179.2 - Applicability and scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... MUNITIONS RESPONSE SITE PRIORITIZATION PROTOCOL (MRSPP) § 179.2 Applicability and scope. (a) This part... ordnance (UXO), discarded military munitions (DMM), or munitions constituents (MC), and (3) That are... munitions results from combat operations, (5) Currently operating military munitions storage and...

19 CFR 4.73 - Neutrality; exportation of arms and munitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Neutrality; exportation of arms and munitions. 4...; exportation of arms and munitions. (a) Clearance shall not be granted to any vessel if the port director has... and about to depart from the United States with a cargo consisting principally of arms and munitions...

19 CFR 4.73 - Neutrality; exportation of arms and munitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Neutrality; exportation of arms and munitions. 4...; exportation of arms and munitions. (a) Clearance shall not be granted to any vessel if the port director has... and about to depart from the United States with a cargo consisting principally of arms and munitions...

19 CFR 4.73 - Neutrality; exportation of arms and munitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Neutrality; exportation of arms and munitions. 4...; exportation of arms and munitions. (a) Clearance shall not be granted to any vessel if the port director has... and about to depart from the United States with a cargo consisting principally of arms and munitions...

19 CFR 4.73 - Neutrality; exportation of arms and munitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Neutrality; exportation of arms and munitions. 4...; exportation of arms and munitions. (a) Clearance shall not be granted to any vessel if the port director has... and about to depart from the United States with a cargo consisting principally of arms and munitions...

19 CFR 4.73 - Neutrality; exportation of arms and munitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Neutrality; exportation of arms and munitions. 4...; exportation of arms and munitions. (a) Clearance shall not be granted to any vessel if the port director has... and about to depart from the United States with a cargo consisting principally of arms and munitions...

Anatomical and neuropsychological effects of cluster munitions.

PubMed

Fares, Youssef; Fares, Jawad

2013-12-01

The aim of this article is to investigate the effects of cluster munitions on the different environmental, anatomical and neuropsychological levels. We conducted a study to explore the effects of sub-munitions on Lebanese victims. The study included a total of 407 cases that have been subjected to the detonation of unexploded sub-munitions in Lebanon, between 2006 and 2011. In our series, 356 casualties were injured and 51 were dead. 382 were males and 25 were females. We recorded 83 cases of amputations, and injuries involving cranio-facial regions, thorax, abdomen, and upper and lower extremities. These injuries lead to loss of function, body disfiguration, and chronic pain caused by the injuries or the amputations, as well as post-traumatic stress disorder. The peripheral nervous system was mostly affected and patients suffered from significant psychosocial tribulations. Cluster munitions harm human beings and decrease biodiversity. Survivors suffer from physical and psychological impairments. Laws should be passed and enforced to ban the use of these detrimental weapons that have negative effects on ecosystem and societal levels.

Tetryl exposure: forgotten hazards of antique munitions.

PubMed

Alfaraj, Walla A; McMillan, Brian; Ducatman, Alan M; Werntz, Charles L

2016-01-01

Older yet still abundant munitions such as tetryl present easily forgotten health hazards and associated needs for worker protection. Symptoms and findings from 22 workers who were exposed to tetryl are summarized. This study highlights the health hazards from exposure to tetryl. Occupational health professionals need to maintain vigilance to protect workers from the risks of handling older munitions.

Database Assessment of the Health and Environmental Effects of Munition Production Waste Products

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-08-01

manufacture heavy metals are apparently leached P from the nitrating vessels as a result of the action of the nitrating acid mixture. Attempts to remove...characterize these inorganic pollu- tants, but two reports (Chen et al. 1981 and Ribaudo et al. 1981) iden- tify heavy metals and inorganic ions present...in wastewater effluents from munition plants. Three of the heavy metals (cadmium, chromium, and copper) are of concern because of their known toxic

Assessment of Small Arms Munitions Impacts on Natural Infrastructure in Sensitive Downrange Areas on Military Installations

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-02-01

forecasting the risk of munitions constituents (MC), such as high explosives and metals , that leave firing and training ranges and contaminate the...quality terrestrial natural infrastructure exist down- range of small arms training ranges on Department of Defense (DoD) in- stallations. Live- fire ...CERL TN-16-1 iv Illustrations Figures A-1 Initial horizontal trajectory of a tracer bullet fired at a 600 m target at the Malone 5 range on Fort

Toxicity of the conventional energetics TNT and RDX relative to new insensitive munitions constituents DNAN and NTO in Rana pipiens tadpoles.

PubMed

Stanley, Jacob K; Lotufo, Guilherme R; Biedenbach, James M; Chappell, Pornsawan; Gust, Kurt A

2015-04-01

An initiative within the US military is targeting the replacement of traditional munitions constituents with insensitive munitions to reduce risk of accidental detonation. The purpose of the present study was to comparatively assess toxicity of the traditional munitions constituents 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) with the new insensitive munitions constituents 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN) and 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO). The following exposure durations were performed with Rana pipiens (leopard frog) tadpoles: TNT and DNAN, 96 h and 28 d; RDX, 10 d and 28 d; NTO, 28 d. The 96-h 50% lethal concentration (LC50) values and 95% confidence intervals for TNT and DNAN were 4.4 mg/L (4.2 mg/L, 4. 7 mg/L) and 24.3 mg/L (21.3 mg/L, 27.6 mg/L), respectively. No significant impacts on survival were observed in the 10-d exposure to RDX up to 25.3 mg/L. Effects on tadpole swimming distance were observed with a lowest-observed-effect concentration (LOEC) of 5.9 mg/L RDX. In the 28-d exposures, the LOECs for survival for TNT, DNAN, and NTO were 0.003 mg/L, 2.4 mg/L, and 5.0 mg/L, respectively. No significant mortality was observed in the RDX chronic 28-d exposure up to the highest treatment level tested of 28.0 mg/L. Neither tadpole developmental stage nor growth was significantly affected in any of the 28-d exposures. Rana pipiens were very sensitive to chronic TNT exposure, with an LOEC 3 orders of magnitude lower than those for insensitive munitions constituents DNAN and NTO. © 2015 SETAC.

Mortality of Munitions Workers Exposed to Dinitrotuluene

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-01-01

ACCESSION NO . 3. RECIPIENT’S CATALOG NUMBER 4. TITLE (and Subtitle) S. TYPE OF REPORT & PERIOD COVERED L MORTALITY OF MUNITIONS WORKERS EXPOSED...AD__ _ _ _ _ _ o MORTALITY OF MUNITIONS WORKERS tO EXPOSED TO DINITROTOLUENE Um FINAL REPORT Richard J. Levine, Dragana A. Andjelkovich, Sharon...Kersteter, Earl W. Arp, Jr., Sandor A. Balogh, Patricia B. Blunden, and Jonathan M. Stanley Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology Research Triangle

Summary of the DOD Process for Developing Ouantitative Munitions Requirements

DTIC Science & Technology

2000-02-24

extracted from the overall classified Secret documents, by itself, is unclassified. 20 conflict in the NonNuclear Consumables Annual Analysis threat...Projected Kits’ Projecled Consumption’ Projected Kfc ’ Projected Consumption4 Total Projected Consumption e.g. Tanks MTWEist Portion to defeat I1 MTW...umns2and5. er ol projected ’ The total munitions consumed lo achieve Ihe numb (ifebyrmivtiontype. Figure 3-1 Combat Munitions Data Formal ?? MUNITIONS

Emissions from Open Burning of Simulated Military Waste from Forward Operating Bases

EPA Science Inventory

Emissions from open burning of simulated military waste from forward operating bases (FOBs) were extensively characterized as an initial step in assessing potential inhalation exposure of FOB personnel and future disposal alternatives. Emissions from two different burning scenar...

Dissolution and transport of insensitive munitions formulations IMX-101 and IMX-104 in saturated soil columns.

PubMed

Arthur, Jennifer D; Mark, Noah W; Taylor, Susan; Šimůnek, Jiří; Brusseau, Mark L; Dontsova, Katerina M

2018-05-15

Military training exercises can result in deposition of energetic residues on range soils, which ultimately can contaminate groundwater with munitions constituents. Column experiments followed by HYDRUS-1D modeling were conducted to evaluate dissolution and transport of energetic constituents from the new insensitive munitions (IM) formulations IMX-101, a mixture of 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO), nitroguanidine (NQ), and 2, 4-dinitroanisole (DNAN), and IMX-104, a mixture of NTO, 1,3,5-hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) and DNAN. NTO and DNAN are emerging contaminants associated with the development of insensitive munitions as replacements for traditional munitions. Flow interruption experiments were performed to investigate dissolution kinetics and sorption non-equilibrium between soil and solution phases. The results indicated that insensitive munitions compounds dissolved in order of their aqueous solubility, consistent with prior dissolution studies conducted in the absence of soil. Initial elution of the high concentration pulse of highly soluble NTO and NQ was followed by lower concentrations, while DNAN had generally lower and more constant concentrations in leachate. The sorption of NTO and NQ was low, while RDX, 1,3,5,7-octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitrotetrazocine (HMX, an impurity in technical grade RDX), and DNAN all exhibited appreciable sorption. DNAN transformation was observed, with formation of amino-reduction products 2-ANAN (2-amino-4-nitroanisole) and 4-ANAN (4-amino-2-nitroanisole). HYDRUS-1D model, incorporating one-dimensional advective-dispersive transport with particle dissolution and first-order solute transformation was used to simulate the measured breakthrough curves. Optimized dissolution parameters varied widely but were correlated between compounds in the same formulation. Determined adsorption coefficients generally agreed with values determined from batch and column studies conducted with pure NTO and DNAN, while mass

INTERIOR OF TYPICAL MUNITIONS INSPECTION ROOM. VIEW TO SOUTH WEST. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

INTERIOR OF TYPICAL MUNITIONS INSPECTION ROOM. VIEW TO SOUTH- WEST. - Plattsburgh Air Force Base, Conventional Munitions Shop, Off Perimeter Road in Weapons Storage Area, Plattsburgh, Clinton County, NY

Safe arming system for two-explosive munitions

DOEpatents

Jaroska, Miles F.; Niven, William A.; Morrison, Jasper J.

1978-01-01

A system for safely and positively detonating high-explosive munitions, including a source of electrical signals, a split-phase square-loop transformer responsive solely to a unique series of signals from the source for charging an energy storage circuit through a voltage doubling circuit, and a spark-gap trigger for initiating discharge of the energy in the storage circuit to actuate a detonator and thereby fire the munitions.

41 CFR 101-42.1102-8 - United States Munitions List items which require demilitarization.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 2 2014-07-01 2012-07-01 true United States Munitions... States Munitions List items which require demilitarization. (a) General. The United States Munitions List... appropriate code assigned to each Munitions List Item (MLI) to describe what, if any, restrictions or actual...

41 CFR 101-42.1102-8 - United States Munitions List items which require demilitarization.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false United States Munitions... States Munitions List items which require demilitarization. (a) General. The United States Munitions List... appropriate code assigned to each Munitions List Item (MLI) to describe what, if any, restrictions or actual...

41 CFR 101-42.1102-8 - United States Munitions List items which require demilitarization.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 2 2011-07-01 2007-07-01 true United States Munitions... States Munitions List items which require demilitarization. (a) General. The United States Munitions List... appropriate code assigned to each Munitions List Item (MLI) to describe what, if any, restrictions or actual...

41 CFR 101-42.1102-8 - United States Munitions List items which require demilitarization.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true United States Munitions... States Munitions List items which require demilitarization. (a) General. The United States Munitions List... appropriate code assigned to each Munitions List Item (MLI) to describe what, if any, restrictions or actual...

41 CFR 101-42.1102-8 - United States Munitions List items which require demilitarization.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 2 2013-07-01 2012-07-01 true United States Munitions... States Munitions List items which require demilitarization. (a) General. The United States Munitions List... appropriate code assigned to each Munitions List Item (MLI) to describe what, if any, restrictions or actual...

Biodegradation of munitions compounds by a sulfate reducing bacterial enrichment culture

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Boopathy, R.; Manning, J.

1997-08-01

The degradation of several munitions compounds was studied. The compounds included 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine, octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetraazocine, 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TNB), and 2,4-dinitrotoluene. All of the compounds studied were degraded by the sulfate reducing bacterial (SRB) enrichment culture. The SRB culture did not use the munitions compounds as their sole source of carbon. However, all the munitions compounds tested served as the sole source of nitrogen for the SRB culture. Degradation of munitions compounds was achieved by a co-metabolic process. The SRB culture used a variety of carbon sources including pyruvate, ethanol, formate, lactate, and H{sub 2}-CO{sub 2}. The SRB culture was an incompletemore » oxidizer, unable to carry out the terminal oxidation of organic substrates to CO{sub 2} as the sole product, and it did not use acetate or methanol as a carbon source. In addition to serving as nitrogen sources, the munitions compounds also served as electron acceptors in the absence of sulfate. A soil slurry experiment with 5% and 10% munitions compounds-contaminated soil showed that the contaminant TNT was metabolized by the SRB culture in the presence of pyruvate as electron donor. This culture may be useful in decontaminating munitions compounds-contaminated soil and water under anaerobic conditions.« less

The impact of environmental factors on the performance of millimeter wave seekers in smart munitions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hager, R.

1987-08-01

An assessment has been made of the degradation in performance of horizontal-glide smart munitions incorporating millimeter wave seekers operating in three types of environments. Atmospheric effects are shown to degrade performance appreciably only in very severe weather conditions. Electromagnetic line-of-sight masking due to foliage (forest canopy and tree-lined roads) will limit submunition usage and may be a potential problem. The most serious problem involves the confident detection of military vehicles in the presence of land clutter. Standard signal processing techniques involving signal amplitude and signal averaging are not likely to be adequate for detection. Observations regarding more sophisticated techniques and the current state of research are included.

Influence of carbon and metal oxide nanomaterials on aqueous concentrations of the munition constituents cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX) and tungsten.

PubMed

Brame, Jonathon A; Kennedy, Alan J; Lounds, Christopher D; Bednar, Anthony J; Alvarez, Pedro J J; Scott, Andrea M; Stanley, Jacob K

2014-05-01

There is an increasing likelihood of interactions between nanomaterials and munitions constituents in the environment resulting from the use of nanomaterials as additives to energetic formulations and potential contact in waste streams from production facilities and runoff from training ranges. The purpose of the present research was to determine the ability of nano-aluminum oxide (Al(2)O(3)) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) to adsorb the munitions constituents cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX) and tungsten (W) from aqueous solution as a first step in determining the long-term exposure, transport, and bioavailability implications of such interactions. The results indicate significant adsorption of RDX by MWCNTs and of W by nano-Al(2)O(3) (but not between W and MWCNT or RDX and nano-Al(2)O(3)). Kinetic sorption and desorption investigations indicated that the most sorption occurs nearly instantaneously (<5 min), with a relatively slower, secondary binding leading to statistically significant but relatively smaller increases in adsorption over 30 d. The RDX sorption that occurred during the initial interaction was irreversible, with long-term, reversible sorption likely the result of a secondary interaction; as interaction time increased, however, the portion of W irreversibly sorbed onto nano-Al(2)O(3) also increased. The present study shows that strong interactions between some munitions constituents and nanomaterials following environmental release are likely. Time-dependent binding has implications for the bioavailability, migration, transport, and fate of munitions constituents in the environment. © 2014 SETAC.

28 CFR 0.89 - Authority to seize arms and munitions of war.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Authority to seize arms and munitions of... JUSTICE Federal Bureau of Investigation § 0.89 Authority to seize arms and munitions of war. The Director... arms and munitions of war, and other articles, pursuant to section 1 of title VI of the act of June 15...

28 CFR 0.89 - Authority to seize arms and munitions of war.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Authority to seize arms and munitions of... JUSTICE Federal Bureau of Investigation § 0.89 Authority to seize arms and munitions of war. The Director... arms and munitions of war, and other articles, pursuant to section 1 of title VI of the act of June 15...

28 CFR 0.89 - Authority to seize arms and munitions of war.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Authority to seize arms and munitions of... JUSTICE Federal Bureau of Investigation § 0.89 Authority to seize arms and munitions of war. The Director... arms and munitions of war, and other articles, pursuant to section 1 of title VI of the act of June 15...

28 CFR 0.89 - Authority to seize arms and munitions of war.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Authority to seize arms and munitions of... JUSTICE Federal Bureau of Investigation § 0.89 Authority to seize arms and munitions of war. The Director... arms and munitions of war, and other articles, pursuant to section 1 of title VI of the act of June 15...

ESTCP Pilot Program - Classification Approaches in Munitions Response

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-11-17

Electromagnetic induction sensors detect ferrous and 57 nonferrous metallic objects and can be effective in geology that challenges magnetometers. EM...harmless metallic objects or geology. Application of technology to separate the munitions from other objects, known as classification, offers the potential...detectable signals are excavated. Many of these detections do not correspond to munitions, but rather to other harmless metallic objects or geology, termed

A database system for characterization of munitions items in conventional ammunition demilitarization stockpiles

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chun, K.C.; Chiu, S.Y.; Ditmars, J.D.

1994-05-01

The MIDAS (Munition Items Disposition Action System) database system is an electronic data management system capable of storage and retrieval of information on the detailed structures and material compositions of munitions items designated for demilitarization. The types of such munitions range from bulk propellants and small arms to projectiles and cluster bombs. The database system is also capable of processing data on the quantities of inert, PEP (propellant, explosives and pyrotechnics) and packaging materials associated with munitions, components, or parts, and the quantities of chemical compounds associated with parts made of PEP materials. Development of the MIDAS database system hasmore » been undertaken by the US Army to support disposition of unwanted ammunition stockpiles. The inventory of such stockpiles currently includes several thousand items, which total tens of thousands of tons, and is still growing. Providing systematic procedures for disposing of all unwanted conventional munitions is the mission of the MIDAS Demilitarization Program. To carry out this mission, all munitions listed in the Single Manager for Conventional Ammunition inventory must be characterized, and alternatives for resource recovery and recycling and/or disposal of munitions in the demilitarization inventory must be identified.« less

SERDP and ESTCP Workshop on Technology Needs for the Characterization, Management, and Remediation of Military Munitions in Underwater Environments

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-10-01

5.3.1.1 Study of Surf Zone Environment........................................... 5-6 5.3.2 Research Needs: High Priority...Detection of Smaller Munitions Items Study of Surf Zone Environment Improve Navigation Error Analysis Develop Cooperative Cued Platforms...towbodies, AUVs, ROVs, HOVs, and divers. Surveys in high energy surf zones present unique difficulties. Finally, participants stressed that the survey

Depleted uranium: properties, military use and health risks.

PubMed

Fairlie, Ian

2009-01-01

This article describes uranium and depleted uranium (DU), their similar isotopic compositions, how DU arises, its use in munitions and armour-proofing, and its pathways for human exposures. Particular attention is paid to the evidence of DU's health effects from cell and animal experiments and from epidemiology studies. It is concluded that a precautionary approach should be adopted to DU and that there should be a moratorium on its use by military forces. International efforts to this end are described.

Military Training: DOD Met Annual Reporting Requirements in Its 2016 Sustainable Ranges Report

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-06-01

domain. Examples include, but are not limited to, endangered species and critical habitat, unexploded ordnance and munitions, radio frequency spectrum...security, (4) threatened and endangered and candidate species , (5) demand for electromagnetic spectrum, (6) continued growth in domestic use of unmanned...Management for Endangered Species Affecting Training Ranges. GAO-03-976. Washington, D.C.: September 29, 2003. Military Training: DOD Approach to

Computational Modeling of Hydrodynamics and Scour around Underwater Munitions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, X.; Xu, Y.

2017-12-01

Munitions deposited in water bodies are a big threat to human health, safety, and environment. It is thus imperative to predict the motion and the resting status of the underwater munitions. A multitude of physical processes are involved, which include turbulent flows, sediment transport, granular material mechanics, 6 degree-of-freedom motion of the munition, and potential liquefaction. A clear understanding of this unique physical setting is currently lacking. Consequently, it is extremely hard to make reliable predictions. In this work, we present the computational modeling of two importance processes, i.e., hydrodynamics and scour, around munition objects. Other physical processes are also considered in our comprehensive model. However, they are not shown in this talk. To properly model the dynamics of the deforming bed and the motion of the object, an immersed boundary method is implemented in the open source CFD package OpenFOAM. Fixed bed and scour cases are simulated and compared with laboratory experiments. The future work of this project will implement the coupling between all the physical processes.

Prediction and observation of munitions burial in energetic storms

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Klammler, Harald; Sheremet, Alexandru; Calantoni, Joseph

2017-04-01

The fate of munitions or unexploded ordnance (UXO) resting on a submarine sediment bed is a critical safety concern. Munitions may be transported in uncontrolled ways to create potentially dangerous situations at places like beaches or ports. Alternatively, they may remain in place or completely disappear for significant but unknown periods, after becoming buried in the sediment bed. Clearly, burial of munitions drastically complicates the detection and removal of potential threats. Here, we present field data of wave height and (surrogate) munitions burial depths near the 8-m isobath at the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Field Research Facility, Duck, North Carolina, observed between January and March 2015. The experiment captured a remarkable sequence of storms that included at least 10 events, of which 6 were characterized by wave fields of significant heights exceeding 2 m and with peak periods of approximately 10 s. During the strongest storm, waves of 14 s period and heights exceeding 2 m were recorded for more than 3 days; significant wave height reached 5 m at the peak of activity. At the end of the experiment, divers measured munition burial depths of up to 60 cm below the seabed level. However, the local bathymetry showed less than 5 cm variation between the before and after-storm states, suggesting the local net sediment accumulation / loss was negligible. The lack of bathymetric variability excludes the possibility of burial by a migrating bed form or by sediment deposition, and strongly indicates that the munitions sank into the bed. The depth of burial also suggest an extreme state of sand agitation during the storm. For predicting munitions burial depths, we explore existing analytical solutions for the dynamic interaction between waves and sediment. Measured time series of wave pressure near the sediment bed were converted into wave-induced changes in pore pressures and the effective stress states of the sediment. Different sediment failure criteria

Toxic-Waste Disposal by Drain-in-Furnace Technique

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Compton, L. E.; Stephens, J. B.; Moynihan, P. I.; Houseman, J.; Kalvinskas, J. J.

1986-01-01

Compact furnace moved from site to site. Toxic industrial waste destroyed using furnace concept developed for disposal of toxic munitions. Toxic waste drained into furnace where incinerated immediately. In furnace toxic agent rapidly drained and destroyed in small combustion chamber between upper and lower layers of hot ceramic balls

Munitions in the Underwater Environment: State of the Science and Knowledge Gaps

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-06-01

the Munitions Items Disposition Action System ( MIDAS ). Munitions constituents (MCs) can be identified through the known munitions type. The MIDAS and...physical damage to the casing, adjacent or touching metals, and water or substrate qualities such as temperature, pH, or Redox potential. The...environments, little is known on modeling the fate of MCs in the underwater environment. One of the anticipated problems in predicting the fate and

Nanotechnology for the Solid Waste Reduction of Military Food Packaging

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-06-01

WP-200816) Nanotechnology for the Solid Waste Reduction of Military Food Packaging June 2016 This document has been cleared for public release...NAME OF RESPONSIBLE PERSON 19b. TELEPHONE NUMBER (Include area code) 01/06/2016 Cost and Performance Report 04/01/2008 - 01/01/2015 Nanotechnology for... nanotechnology packaging. The PIs have been dedicated to these efforts, and it is anticipated that this technology will be used someday by the Warfighter

Field Validation of POCIS for Monitoring at Underwater Munitions Sites.

PubMed

Rosen, Gunther; Lotufo, Guilherme R; George, Robert D; Wild, Bill; Rabalais, Lauren K; Morrison, Shane; Belden, Jason B

2018-04-24

The present study evaluated Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Samplers (POCIS) for quantification of conventional munitions constituents (MC), including trinitrotoluene (TNT), aminodinitrotoluenes, diaminonitrotoluenes, dinitrotoluene, and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) in a field setting. POCIS were deployed at varying distances from the commonly used explosive formulation Composition B (39.5% TNT, 59.5% RDX, 1% wax) in an embayment of Santa Rosa Sound (Florida, USA). Time-weighted averaged (TWA) water concentrations from a 13-day deployment ranged from 9-103 ng/L for TNT and RDX approximately 0.3 to 2 m from the source. Concentrations decreased with increasing distance from the source to below quantitation limits (5-7 ng/L) at stations greater than 2 m away. Moderate biofouling of POCIS membranes after 13-d led to a subsequent effort to quantify potential effects of biofouling on sampling rate for MC. After biofouling was allowed to occur for periods of 0, 7, 14 or 28 days at the field site, POCIS were transferred to aquaria spiked with MC. No significant differences in uptake of TNT or RDX were observed across a gradient of biofouling presence, although mass of fouling organisms on the membranes was statistically greater for the 28-d field exposure. The present study verified the high sensitivity and integrative nature of POCIS for relevant MC potentially present in aquatic environments, indicating that application at underwater military munitions sites may be useful for ecological risk assessment. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Munition Penetration Depth Prediction: SERDP SEED Project MR 2629

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-08-01

ER D C/ CR RE L TR -1 7- 12 Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) Munition Penetration-Depth Prediction...release; distribution is unlimited. The U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) solves the nation’s toughest engineering and... Research and Development Program (SERDP) ERDC/CRREL TR-17-12 August 2017 Munition Penetration-Depth Prediction SERDP SEED Project MR-2629 Arnold J

Photo-degradation of 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN): An emerging munitions compound.

PubMed

Taylor, Susan; Walsh, Marianne E; Becher, Julie B; Ringelberg, David B; Mannes, Philip Z; Gribble, Gordon W

2017-01-01

The US military is developing insensitive munitions (IM) that are less sensitive to shock and high temperatures to minimize unintentional detonations. DNAN (2,4-dinitroanisole) is one of the main ingredients of these IM formulations. During live-fire training, chunks of IM formulations are scattered by partial detonations and, once on the soil, they weather and dissolve. DNAN changes color when exposed to sunlight suggesting that it photodegrades into other compounds. We investigated the photo-degradation of DNAN both as a pure solid and as part of solid IM formulations, IMX101, IMX104 and PAX21. The concentrations of degradation products found were small, <1%, relative to DNAN concentrations. We saw transient peaks in the chromatograms indicating intermediate, unstable products but we consistently found methoxy nitrophenols and methoxy nitroanilines. We also found one unknown in most of the samples and other unknowns less frequently. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

The health effects of depleted uranium munitions: a summary.

PubMed

2002-06-01

There has been a substantial amount of public discussion on the health effects of the use of depleted uranium (DU) munitions. In response to this concern the Royal Society set up an independent, expert working group to investigate the health effects of DU munitions. The Royal Society has now produced two reports, and this summary covering the key conclusions and recommendations from both reports. The part I report considered the increased risks of radiation-induced cancer from exposures to DU on the battlefield. Part II dealt with the risks from the chemical toxicity of uranium, non-malignant radiation effects from DU intakes, the long-term environmental consequences of the deployment of DU munitions and responses to part I including issues arising at a public meeting to discuss the part I report.

Estimating Grass-Soil Bioconcentration of Munitions Compounds from Molecular Structure.

PubMed

Torralba Sanchez, Tifany L; Liang, Yuzhen; Di Toro, Dominic M

2017-10-03

A partitioning-based model is presented to estimate the bioconcentration of five munitions compounds and two munition-like compounds in grasses. The model uses polyparameter linear free energy relationships (pp-LFERs) to estimate the partition coefficients between soil organic carbon and interstitial water and between interstitial water and the plant cuticle, a lipid-like plant component. Inputs for the pp-LFERs are a set of numerical descriptors computed from molecular structure only that characterize the molecular properties that determine the interaction with soil organic carbon, interstitial water, and plant cuticle. The model is validated by predicting concentrations measured in the whole plant during independent uptake experiments with a root-mean-square error (log predicted plant concentration-log observed plant concentration) of 0.429. This highlights the dominant role of partitioning between the exposure medium and the plant cuticle in the bioconcentration of these compounds. The pp-LFERs can be used to assess the environmental risk of munitions compounds and munition-like compounds using only their molecular structure as input.

Environmental Baseline Survey for Proposed Land Use Permit Modification for Expansion of the Dynamic Explosive Test Site (DETS) 9940 Main Complex Parking Lot.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Peek, Dennis W.

The approach was to perform a document search, supplemented by a visual site inspection, to identify potential environmental contamination associated with the property. Factors evaluated included hazardous substances; petroleum products and derivatives; environmental restoration sites; areas of concern; storage tanks; oil/water separators; grease traps; wash racks; waste tanks; pesticides; military munitions/ordnance; medical or bio-hazardous waste; radioactive waste; solid/municipal waste; indoor air quality; groundwater; wastewater treatment, collection, and disposal/discharge; drinking water quality; utilities; asbestos; polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs); radon; lead-based paint; cultural resources; floodplains; and natural/biological resources.

Safety and Suitability for Service Assessment Testing for Surface and Underwater Launched Munitions

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-12-05

test efficiency that tend to associate the Analytical S3 Test Approach with large, complex munition systems and the Empirical S3 Test Approach with...the smaller, less complex munition systems . 8.1 ANALYTICAL S3 TEST APPROACH. The Analytical S3 test approach, as shown in Figure 3, evaluates...assets than the Analytical S3 Test approach to establish the safety margin of the system . This approach is generally applicable to small munitions

32 CFR Appendix A to Part 179 - Tables of the Munitions Response Site Prioritization Protocol

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Tables of the Munitions Response Site... OF DEFENSE CLOSURES AND REALIGNMENT MUNITIONS RESPONSE SITE PRIORITIZATION PROTOCOL (MRSPP) Pt. 179, App. A Appendix A to Part 179—Tables of the Munitions Response Site Prioritization Protocol The tables...

32 CFR Appendix A to Part 179 - Tables of the Munitions Response Site Prioritization Protocol

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Tables of the Munitions Response Site... OF DEFENSE CLOSURES AND REALIGNMENT MUNITIONS RESPONSE SITE PRIORITIZATION PROTOCOL (MRSPP) Pt. 179, App. A Appendix A to Part 179—Tables of the Munitions Response Site Prioritization Protocol The tables...

32 CFR Appendix A to Part 179 - Tables of the Munitions Response Site Prioritization Protocol

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Tables of the Munitions Response Site... OF DEFENSE CLOSURES AND REALIGNMENT MUNITIONS RESPONSE SITE PRIORITIZATION PROTOCOL (MRSPP) Pt. 179, App. A Appendix A to Part 179—Tables of the Munitions Response Site Prioritization Protocol The tables...

32 CFR Appendix A to Part 179 - Tables of the Munitions Response Site Prioritization Protocol

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Tables of the Munitions Response Site... OF DEFENSE CLOSURES AND REALIGNMENT MUNITIONS RESPONSE SITE PRIORITIZATION PROTOCOL (MRSPP) Pt. 179, App. A Appendix A to Part 179—Tables of the Munitions Response Site Prioritization Protocol The tables...

32 CFR Appendix A to Part 179 - Tables of the Munitions Response Site Prioritization Protocol

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Tables of the Munitions Response Site... OF DEFENSE CLOSURES AND REALIGNMENT MUNITIONS RESPONSE SITE PRIORITIZATION PROTOCOL (MRSPP) Pt. 179, App. A Appendix A to Part 179—Tables of the Munitions Response Site Prioritization Protocol The tables...

Risky business: challenges and successes in military radiation risk communication.

PubMed

Melanson, Mark A; Geckle, Lori S; Davidson, Bethney A

2012-01-01

Given the general public's overall lack of knowledge about radiation and their heightened fear of its harmful effects, effective communication of radiation risks is often difficult. This is especially true when it comes to communicating the radiation risks stemming from military operations. Part of this difficulty stems from a lingering distrust of the military that harkens back to the controversy surrounding Veteran exposures to Agent Orange during the Vietnam War along with the often classified nature of many military operations. Additionally, there are unique military exposure scenarios, such as the use of nuclear weapons and combat use of depleted uranium as antiarmor munitions that are not found in the civilian sector. Also, the large, diverse nature of the military makes consistent risk communication across the vast and widespread organization very difficult. This manuscript highlights and discusses both the common and the distinctive challenges of effectively communicating military radiation risks, to include communicating through the media. The paper also introduces the Army's Health Risk Communication Program and its role in assisting in effective risk communication efforts. The authors draw on their extensive collective experience to share 3 risk communication success stories that were accomplished through the innovative use of a matrixed, team approach that combines both health physics and risk communication expertise.

Precision targeting in guided munition using IR sensor and MmW radar

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sreeja, S.; Hablani, H. B.; Arya, H.

2015-10-01

Conventional munitions are not guided with sensors and therefore miss the target, particularly if the target is mobile. The miss distance of these munitions can be decreased by incorporating sensors to detect the target and guide the munition during flight. This paper is concerned with a Precision Guided Munition(PGM) equipped with an infrared sensor and a millimeter wave radar [IR and MmW, for short]. Three-dimensional flight of the munition and its pitch and yaw motion models are developed and simulated. The forward and lateral motion of a target tank on the ground is modeled as two independent second-order Gauss-Markov process. To estimate the target location on the ground and the line-of-sight rate to intercept it an Extended Kalman Filter is composed whose state vector consists of cascaded state vectors of missile dynamics and target dynamics. The line-of-sight angle measurement from the infrared seeker is by centroiding the target image in 40 Hz. The centroid estimation of the images in the focal plane is at a frequency of 10 Hz. Every 10 Hz, centroids of four consecutive images are averaged, yielding a time-averaged centroid, implying some measurement delay. The miss distance achieved by including by image processing delays is 1:45m.

Precision targeting in guided munition using infrared sensor and millimeter wave radar

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sulochana, Sreeja; Hablani, Hari B.; Arya, Hemendra

2016-07-01

Conventional munitions are not guided with sensors and therefore miss the target, particularly if the target is mobile. The miss distance of these munitions can be decreased by incorporating sensors to detect the target and guide the munition during flight. This paper is concerned with a precision guided munition equipped with an infrared (IR) sensor and a millimeter wave radar (MmW). Three-dimensional flight of the munition and its pitch and yaw motion models are developed and simulated. The forward and lateral motion of a target tank on the ground is modeled as two independent second-order Gauss-Markov processes. To estimate the target location on the ground and the line-of-sight (LOS) rate to intercept it, an extended Kalman filter is composed whose state vector consists of cascaded state vectors of missile dynamics and target dynamics. The LOS angle measurement from the IR seeker is by centroiding the target image in 40 Hz. The centroid estimation of the images in the focal plane is at a frequency of 10 Hz. Every 10 Hz, centroids of four consecutive images are averaged, yielding a time-averaged centroid, implying some measurement delay. The miss distance achieved by including image processing delays is 1.45 m.

Evaluation of different agricultural wastes for the production of fruiting bodies and bioactive compounds by medicinal mushroom Cordyceps militaris.

PubMed

Lin, Qunying; Long, Liangkun; Wu, Liangliang; Zhang, Fenglun; Wu, Shuling; Zhang, Weiming; Sun, Xiaoming

2017-08-01

In commercial production of Cordyceps militaris (a famous Chinese medicine), cereal grains are usually utilized as cultivation substrates. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of agricultural wastes as substitute materials in the low-cost production of C. militaris. Cottonseed shells (CS), corn cob particles (CCP), Italian poplar sawdusts (IPS) and substrates spent by Flammulina velutipes (SS) were employed to cultivate C. militaris, using rice medium as control. CS and CCP were suitable for fruit body formation of C. militaris, with yields of 22 and 20 g per bottle respectively. Fruit bodies grown on CCP showed the highest levels of cordycepin and adenosine, up to 9.45 and 5.86 mg g -1 respectively. The content of d-mannitol in fruit bodies obtained on CS was 120 mg g -1 (80% of the control group), followed by that on CCP, 100 mg g -1 . Fruit bodies cultivated on CCP displayed a high crude polysaccharide level of 26.9 mg g -1 , which was the closest to that of the control group (34.5 mg g -1 ). CS and CCP are effective substrates for the production of fruit bodies and bioactive compounds by C. militaris. This study provides a new approach to decreasing the cost of C. militaris cultivation and dealing with these agricultural wastes. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.

Resolving the Role of the Dynamic Pressure in the Burial, Exposure, Scour, and Mobility of Underwater Munitions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gilooly, S.; Foster, D. L.

2017-12-01

In nearshore environments, the motion of munitions results from a mixture of sediment transport conditions including sheet flow, scour, bedform migration, and momentary liquefaction. Incipient motion can be caused by disruptive shear stresses and pressure gradients. Foster et al. (2006) incorporated both processes into a single parameter, indicating incipient motion as a function of the bed state. This research looks to evaluate the role of the pressure gradient in positional state changes such as burial, exposure, and mobility. In the case of munitions, this may include pressure gradients induced by vortex shedding or the passing wave. Pressure-mapped model munitions are being developed to measure the orientation, rotation, and surface pressure of the munitions during threshold events leading to a new positional state. These munitions will be deployed in inner surf zone and estuary environments along with acoustic Doppler velocimeters (ADVs), pore water pressure sensors, a laser grid, and a pencil beam sonar with an azimuth drive. The additional instruments allow for near bed and far field water column and sediment bed sampling. Currently preliminary assessments of various pressure sensors and munition designs are underway. Two pressure sensors were selected; the thin FlexiForce A201 sensors will be used to indicate munition rolling during threshold events and diaphragm sensors will be used to understand changes in surrounding pore water pressure as the munition begins to bury/unbury. Both sensors are expected to give quantitative measurements of dynamic pressure gradients in the flow field surrounding the munition. Resolving the role of this process will give insight to an improved incipient motion parameter and allow for better munition motion predictions.

Optimising ballistic facial coverage from military fragmenting munitions: a consensus statement.

PubMed

Breeze, J; Tong, D C; Powers, D; Martin, N A; Monaghan, A M; Evriviades, D; Combes, J; Lawton, G; Taylor, C; Kay, A; Baden, J; Reed, B; MacKenzie, N; Gibbons, A J; Heppell, S; Rickard, R F

2017-02-01

VIRTUS is the first United Kingdom (UK) military personal armour system to provide components that are capable of protecting the whole face from low velocity ballistic projectiles. Protection is modular, using a helmet worn with ballistic eyewear, a visor, and a mandibular guard. When all four components are worn together the face is completely covered, but the heat, discomfort, and weight may not be optimal in all types of combat. We organized a Delphi consensus group analysis with 29 military consultant surgeons from the UK, United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand to identify a potential hierarchy of functional facial units in order of importance that require protection. We identified the causes of those facial injuries that are hardest to reconstruct, and the most effective combinations of facial protection. Protection is required from both penetrating projectiles and burns. There was strong consensus that blunt injury to the facial skeleton was currently not a military priority. Functional units that should be prioritised are eyes and eyelids, followed consecutively by the nose, lips, and ears. Twenty-nine respondents felt that the visor was more important than the mandibular guard if only one piece was to be worn. Essential cover of the brain and eyes is achieved from all directions using a combination of helmet and visor. Nasal cover currently requires the mandibular guard unless the visor can be modified to cover it as well. Any such prototype would need extensive ergonomics and assessment of integration, as any changes would have to be acceptable to the people who wear them in the long term. Crown Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Developing Methods for Detection of Munitions and Explosives of Concern in Offshore Wind Energy Areas

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

DuVal, C.; Trembanis, A. C.; Miller, J. K.; Carton, G.

2016-12-01

Munitions and Explosives of Concern (MEC) have been acknowledged globally as a topic of concern. Increasing use of coastal and continental shelf environments for renewable energy development and other activities has and continues to place humans in contact with legacy military munitions. The Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) recognized the need to develop guidance concerning methods for MEC detection in the case of offshore energy development. The study was designed to identify the most likely MEC to be encountered in the Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) Wind Energy Areas (WEA), review available technologies and develop a process for selecting appropriate technologies and methodologies for their detection. The process for selecting and optimizing technologies and methods for detection of MEC in BOEM OCS WEAs was developed and tested through the synthesis of historical research, physical site characterization, remote sensing technology review, and in-field trials. To test the selected approach, designated personnel were tasked with seeding a portion of the Delaware WEA with munitions surrogates, while a second group of researchers not privy to the surrogate locations, tested and optimized the selected methodology. The effectiveness of a methodology will be related to ease of detection and other associated parameters. The approach for the in-field trial consists of a combination of wide-area assessment surveying by vessel mounted 230/550 kHz Edgetech 6205 Phase Measuring sonar and near-seafloor surveying using a Teledyne Gavia autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) equipped with high-resolution 900/1800 kHz Marine Sonics side-scan sonar, Geometrics G880-AUV cesium-vapor magnetometer, and 2 megapixel Point Grey color camera. Survey parameters (e.g. track-line spacing, coverage overlap, AUV altitude) were varied to determine the optimal survey methods, as well as simulate MEC burial to test magnetometer range performance. Preliminary results indicate the

Cluster munitions: public health and international humanitarian law perspectives.

PubMed

Freckelton, Ian

2008-02-01

As a result of civilian deaths in Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Chechnya, Kosovo, Afghanistan, Iraq and Lebanon, cluster munitions have been recognised to pose a grave threat to civilian populations because of their limited precision and problematically high rate of initial failure to explode. Efforts are intensifying to ban cluster munitions and to mandate those who have discharged them to defuse them effectively so as to reduce the risks to civilians. This editorial reviews these efforts and identifies a need for them to be actively supported by both the legal and medical communities.

Acoustic Scattering from Munitions in the Underwater Environment: Measurements and Modeling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Williams, K.; Kargl, S. G.; Espana, A.

2017-12-01

Acoustical scattering from elastic targets has been a subject of research for several decades. However, the introduction of those targets into the ocean environment brings new complexities to quantitative prediction of that scattering. The goal of our work has been to retain as much of the target physics as possible while also handling the propagation to and from the target in the multi-path ocean environment. Testing of the resulting predictions has been carried out via ocean experiments in which munitions are deployed on and within the sediment. We will present the overall philosophy used in the modeling and then compare model results to measurements. A 60 cm long 30 cd diameter aluminum cylinder will be used as a canonical example and then a sample of results for a variety of munitions will be shown. Finally, we will discuss the use of both the models and measurements in assessing the ability of sonar to discriminate munitions from other man-made targets. The difficulty of this challenge will be made apparent via results from a recent experiment in which both munitions and man-made "clutter" were deployed on a rippled sand interface.

Chemical Stockpile Disposal Program. Transportation of Chemical Munitions at Reduced Temperature

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-08-01

ADA193346 Chemical Stockpile Disposal Program. Transportation of Chemical Munitions at Reduced Temperature. MITRE CORP MCLEAN VA AUG 1987...NO. ACCESSION NO. Aberdeen Proving Ground, fD 21010-5401 11. TITLE (Include Security Classification) Transportation of Chemical Munitions at Reducfd...Year, Month, Day) S. PAGE COUNT nal FROM TO Au USt 1987 65 16. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTATION Prepared for the Chemical Stockpile D’i sal Program Programmatic

Trauma-related infections due to cluster munitions.

PubMed

Fares, Youssef; El-Zaatari, Mohamad; Fares, Jawad; Bedrosian, Nora; Yared, Nadine

2013-12-01

Trauma-related infections remain a concerning and potentially avoidable complication of conflict-related injuries. During the Israeli conflict in South Lebanon, more than four million sub-munitions were dropped over South Lebanese soil. In this study, we will explore the different types of infection caused by sub-munitions and penetrating agents. This prospective study took place from 2006 to 2012 at the Lebanese University within the Faculty of Medical Sciences' departments. This study sample consisted of 350 injured casualties. Patients suffered from blast injuries with fragmentations targeting the head, face, torso, abdomen, pelvis and extremities. Of the 350 causalities studied, 326 (93.1%) were males, and 24 (6.9%) were females. Ages varied between 10 and 70 years, with the average age being 27 years. Of the 350 patients studied, 68 (19.4%) developed infections. Infections varied between pseudomonas, Escherichia coli, Candida and fungus and sometimes led to necrosis. Vaccinations, antibiotic therapies and proper wound irrigation must be performed at appropriate emergency units. Excision and complete debridement of necrotic and contaminated tissue should also be performed. The Convention on Cluster Munitions of 2008 should be adhered to, as these weapons indiscriminately and disproportionately harm civilians, thereby violating the well-established international principles governing conflict. Copyright © 2013 King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The postwar hospitalization experience of Gulf War Veterans possibly exposed to chemical munitions destruction at Khamisiyah, Iraq.

PubMed

Gray, G C; Smith, T C; Knoke, J D; Heller, J M

1999-09-01

Using Department of Defense hospital data, the authors examined the postwar hospitalization experience from March 1991 through September 1995 of US Gulf War veterans who were near Khamisiyah, Iraq, during nerve agent munition destruction in March 1991. Multiple sources of meteorologic, munition, and toxicology data were used to circumscribe geographic areas of low level, vaporized nerve agent for 4 days after the destruction. Plume estimates were overlaid on military unit positions, and exposure was estimated for the 349,291 US Army Gulf War veterans. Exposure was classified as not exposed (n = 224,804), uncertain low dose exposure (n = 75,717), and specific estimated subclinical exposure (n = 48,770) categorized into three groups for dose-response evaluation. Using Cox proportional hazard modeling, the authors compared the postwar experiences of these exposure groups for hospitalization due to any cause, for diagnoses in 15 unique categories, and for specific diagnoses an expert panel proposed as most likely to reflect latent disease from such subclinical exposure. There was little evidence that veterans possibly exposed to the nerve agent plumes experienced unusual postwar morbidity. While there were several differences in hospitalization risk, none of the models suggested a dose-response relation or neurologic sequelae. These data, having a number of limitations, do not support the hypothesis that Gulf War veterans are suffering postwar morbidity from subclinical nerve agent exposure.

Aquatic toxicity of photo-degraded insensitive munition 101 (IMX-101) constituents.

PubMed

Kennedy, Alan J; Poda, Aimee R; Melby, Nicolas L; Moores, Lee C; Jordan, Shinita M; Gust, Kurt A; Bednar, Anthony J

2017-08-01

Insensitive munitions are desirable alternatives to historically used formulations, such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), because of their so-called insensitivity to unintended detonation. The insensitive munition IMX-101 is a mixture of 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN), 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO), and nitroguanidine (NQ). Environmental releases of munitions may be from production wastewaters or training; these munitions may be exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light. Therefore, it is useful to understand the relative toxicity of IMX-101 and its constituents both before and after photodegradation. The intent of the present study was to generate relative hazard information by exposing the standard ecotoxicological model Ceriodaphnia dubia to each insensitive munition constituent individually and to IMX-101 before and after the exposure solution was irradiated in a UV photoreactor. Without photodegradation, DNAN was more toxic (median lethal concentration [LC50] = 43 mg/L) than the other 2 constituents and it contributed predominantly to the toxicity of IMX-101 (LC50 = 206 mg/L) based on toxic units. Toxicity was observed only at high levels of NQ (LC50 = 1174 mg/L) and pH-adjusted NTO (LC50 = 799 mg/L). The toxicity of IMX-101 is lower than literature-reported TNT toxicity. Photodegradation efficiency was greater at lower insensitive munition concentrations. The observed degradation was greatest for NQ (42-99%), which in turn corresponded to the greatest relative increase in toxicity (100-1000-fold). Modest percent of degradation (4-18%) and increases in phototoxicity (2-100-fold) were observed for NTO and DNAN. Photodegraded NQ products were the predominant source of toxicity of photodegraded IMX-101. Future work involves research to enable analytical and computational confirmation of the specific degradation compounds inducing the observed photoenhanced toxicity. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2050-2057. Published 2017 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on

28 CFR 0.89 - Authority to seize arms and munitions of war.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... war. 0.89 Section 0.89 Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE ORGANIZATION OF THE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Federal Bureau of Investigation § 0.89 Authority to seize arms and munitions of war. The Director... arms and munitions of war, and other articles, pursuant to section 1 of title VI of the act of June 15...

Optimal path planning for video-guided smart munitions via multitarget tracking

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Borkowski, Jeffrey M.; Vasquez, Juan R.

2006-05-01

An advent in the development of smart munitions entails autonomously modifying target selection during flight in order to maximize the value of the target being destroyed. A unique guidance law can be constructed that exploits both attribute and kinematic data obtained from an onboard video sensor. An optimal path planning algorithm has been developed with the goals of obstacle avoidance and maximizing the value of the target impacted by the munition. Target identification and classification provides a basis for target value which is used in conjunction with multi-target tracks to determine an optimal waypoint for the munition. A dynamically feasible trajectory is computed to provide constraints on the waypoint selection. Results demonstrate the ability of the autonomous system to avoid moving obstacles and revise target selection in flight.

Chemical Munitions Search & Assessment-An evaluation of the dumped munitions problem in the Baltic Sea

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bełdowski, Jacek; Klusek, Zygmunt; Szubska, Marta; Turja, Raisa; Bulczak, Anna I.; Rak, Daniel; Brenner, Matthias; Lang, Thomas; Kotwicki, Lech; Grzelak, Katarzyna; Jakacki, Jaromir; Fricke, Nicolai; Östin, Anders; Olsson, Ulf; Fabisiak, Jacek; Garnaga, Galina; Nyholm, Jenny Rattfelt; Majewski, Piotr; Broeg, Katja; Söderström, Martin; Vanninen, Paula; Popiel, Stanisław; Nawała, Jakub; Lehtonen, Kari; Berglind, Rune; Schmidt, Beata

2016-06-01

Chemical Munitions Search & Assessment (CHEMSEA) project has performed studies on chemical weapon (CW) detection, sediment pollution and spreading as well as biological effects of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) dumped in the Baltic Sea. Results suggest that munitions containing CWAs are more scattered on the seafloor than suspected, and previously undocumented dumpsite was discovered in Gdansk Deep. Pollution of sediments with CWA degradation products was local and close to the detected objects; however the pollution range was larger than predicted with theoretical models. Bottom currents observed in the dumpsites were strong enough for sediment re-suspension, and contributed to the transport of polluted sediments. Diversity and density of the faunal communities were poor at the dumping sites in comparison to the reference area, although the direct effects of CWA on benthos organisms were difficult to determine due to hypoxic or even anoxic conditions near the bottom. Equally, the low oxygen might have affected the biological effects assessed in cod and caged blue mussels. Nonetheless, both species showed significantly elevated molecular and cellular level responses at contaminated sites compared to reference sites.

Health Risk Assessment of Consuming Deer from Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland. Report and Appendices A-D

DTIC Science & Technology

1995-05-01

has been in operation for over 75 years with primary mission of research, development, and testing of munitions and military vehicles. A.s a...development, and testing of munitions and military vehicles. As a results of APG being on the National Priorities List, an installation-wide health...development, and testing of chemical warfare agents and conventional munitions. The installation occupies approximately 32,400 hectares of relatively

Predictions and Observations of Munitions Burial Under Intense Storm Waves at Duck, NC

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Calantoni, J.; Klammer, H.; Sheremet, A.

2017-12-01

The fate of munitions or unexploded ordnance (UXO) resting on a submarine sediment bed is a critical safety concern. Munitions may remain in place or completely disappear for significant but unknown periods, after becoming buried in the sediment bed. Clearly, burial of munitions drastically complicates the detection and removal of potential threats. Here, we present field data of wave height and surrogate munitions burial depths near the 8-m isobath at the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Field Research Facility, Duck, North Carolina, observed between January and March 2015. The experiment captured a remarkable sequence of storms that included at least 10 events, of which 6 were characterized by wave fields of significant heights exceeding 2 m and with peak periods of approximately 10 s. During the strongest storm, waves of 14 s period and heights exceeding 2 m were recorded for more than 3 days; significant wave height reached 5 m at the peak of activity. At the end of the experiment, divers measured munition burial depths of up to 60 cm below the seabed level. However, the local bathymetry showed less than 5 cm variation between the before and after-storm states, suggesting the local net sediment accumulation / loss was negligible. The lack of bathymetric variability strongly suggests that the munitions sank into the bed, which would suggest an extreme state of sand agitation during the storm. We explore existing analytical solutions for the dynamic interaction between waves and sediment to predict munitions burial depths. Measured time series of wave pressure near the sediment bed were converted into wave-induced changes in pore pressures and the effective stress states of the sediment. Different sediment failure criteria based on minimum normal and maximum shear stresses were then applied to evaluate the appropriateness of individual failure criteria to predict observed burial depths. Results are subjected to a sensitivity analysis with respect to uncertain

Using Phytoremediation to Clean Up Contamination at Military Installations

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zellmer, S.D.; Hinchman, R.R.; Negri, M.C.

1997-07-01

During and following World War II, wastes from the production of munitions and other military materials were disposed of using the best available practices acceptable at that time. However, these disposal methods often contaminated soil and groundwater with organic compounds and metals that require cleanup under current regulations. An emerging technology for cleaning contaminated soils and shallow groundwater is phytoremediation, an environmentally friendly, low- cost, and low-tech process. Phytoremediation encompasses all plant- influenced biological, chemical, and physical processes that aid in the uptake, degradation, and metabolism of contaminants by either plants or free-living organisms in the plant`s rhizosphere. A phytoremediationmore » system can be viewed as a biological, solar-driven, pump-and-treat system with an extensive, self-extending uptake network (the root system) that enhances the soil and below-ground ecosystem for subsequent productive use. Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) has been conducting basic and applied research in phytoremediation since 1990. Initial greenhouse studies evaluated salt-tolerant wetland plants to clean UP and reduce the volume of salty `produced water` from petroleum wells. Results of these studies were used to design a bioreactor for processing produced water that is being demonstrated at a natural gas well in Oklahoma; this system can reduce produced water volume by about 75% in less than eight days, representing substantial savings in waste disposal cost. During 1994, ANL conducted a TNT plant uptake and in situ remediation study in a ridge-and-furrow area used for the disposal of pink water at the Joliet Army Ammunition Plant.« less

High-power VCSELs for smart munitions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Geske, Jon; MacDougal, Michael; Cole, Garrett; Snyder, Donald

2006-08-01

The next generation of low-cost smart munitions will be capable of autonomously detecting and identifying targets aided partly by the ability to image targets with compact and robust scanning rangefinder and LADAR capabilities. These imaging systems will utilize arrays of high performance, low-cost semiconductor diode lasers capable of achieving high peak powers in pulses ranging from 5 to 25 nanoseconds in duration. Aerius Photonics is developing high-power Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers (VCSELs) to meet the needs of these smart munitions applications. The authors will report the results of Aerius' development program in which peak pulsed powers exceeding 60 Watts were demonstrated from single VCSEL emitters. These compact packaged emitters achieved pulse energies in excess of 1.5 micro-joules with multi kilo-hertz pulse repetition frequencies. The progress of the ongoing effort toward extending this performance to arrays of VCSEL emitters and toward further improving laser slope efficiency will be reported.

Use of a Salmonella microsuspension bioassay to detect the mutagenicity of munitions compounds at low concentrations.

PubMed

George, S E; Huggins-Clark, G; Brooks, L R

2001-01-25

Past production and handling of munitions has resulted in soil contamination at various military facilities. Depending on the concentrations present, these soils pose both a reactivity and toxicity hazard and the potential for groundwater contamination. Many munitions-related chemicals have been examined for mutagenicity in the Ames test, but because the metabolites may be present in low environmental concentrations, a more sensitive method is needed to elucidate the associated mutagenicity. RDX (hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine), TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene), tetryl (N-methyl-N-2,4,6-tetranitroaniline), TNB (1,3,5-trinitrobenzene) and metabolites were examined for mutagenicity in a microsuspension modification of the Salmonella histidine reversion assay with and without metabolic activation. TNB and tetryl were positive in TA98 (32.5, 5.2revertants/nmole) and TA100 (7.4, 9.5revertants/nmole) without metabolic activation and were more potent than TNT (TA98, 0.3revertants/nmole; TA100, 2.4revertants/nmole). With the exception of the tetranitroazoxytoluene derivatives, TNT metabolites were less mutagenic than TNT. RDX and two metabolites were negative in both strains, however, hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitroso-1,3,5-triazine was positive in TA100 with and without S9. Microsuspension bioassay results tend to correlate well with published Ames test data, however, there are discrepancies among the published data sets and the microsuspension assay results.

Notes from the field: Exposures to discarded sulfur mustard munitions - Mid-Atlantic and New England States 2004-2012.

PubMed

2013-04-26

Before the 1970s, the United States sometimes disposed of at sea excess, obsolete, or unserviceable munitions, including chemical munitions. Chemical munitions known to have been disposed of at sea included munitions filled with sulfur mustard, a vesicant (i.e., an agent that causes chemical burns or blisters of the skin and mucous membranes). Signs and symptoms of exposure to a mustard agent can include redness and blistering of the skin, eye irritation, rhinorrhea, hoarseness, shortness of breath, and (rarely) diarrhea and abdominal discomfort. Since 2004, CDC has received notification of three separate incidents of exposure to sulfur mustard munitions. In one incident, a munition was found with ocean-dredged marine shells used to pave a driveway. The other two incidents involved commercial clam fishing operations. This report highlights the importance of considering exposure to sulfur mustard in the differential diagnosis of signs and symptoms compatible with exposure to a vesicant agent, especially among persons involved with clam fishing or sea dredging operations.

Dissolution of NTO, DNAN, and Insensitive Munitions Formulations and Their Fates in Soils

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-09-01

3 2 Mass loss measured by high precision liquid chromatography (HPLC) versus measured mass loss by... Liquid Chromatography IM Insensitive Munitions IMX Insensitive Munitions eXplosive k First-Order Transformation Rate Constant kphoto First...Performance Liquid Chromatography U.S. EPA United States Environmental Protection Agency WMRD Weapons and Materials Research Directorate ERDC/CRREL

Mobile Munitions Assessment System Field Capabilities

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

A. M. Snyder; D. A. Verrill; K. D. Watts

1999-05-27

The US has developed, stored, tested, and conducted disposal operations on various forms of chemical munitions for several decades. The remnants of these activities have resulted in the presence of suspect CWM at more than 200 sites in the US, the District of Columbia, and the US Virgin Islands. An advanced Mobile Munitions Assessment System (Phase II MMAS) has been designed, fabricated, assembled, and tested by the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory under contract to the US Army's Project Manager for Non-Stockpile Chemical Materiel for use in the assessment and characterization of ''non-stockpile'' chemical warfare materiel (CWM). The Phasemore » II MMAS meets the immediate need to augment response equipment currently used by the US Army with a system that includes state-of-the-art assessment equipment and advanced sensors. The Phase II MMAS will be used for response to known storage and remediation sites. This system is designed to identify the munition type; evaluate the condition of the CWM; evaluate the environmental conditions in the vicinity of the CWM; determine if fuzes, bursters, or safety and arming devices are in place; identify the chemical fill; provide other data (e.g., meteorological data) necessary for assessing the risk associated with handling, transporting, and disposing of CWM; and record the data on a dedicated computer system. The Phase II MMAS is capable of over-the-road travel and air transport to any site for conducting rigorous assessments of suspect CWM. The Phase II MMAS utilizes a specially-designed commercial motor home to provide a means to transport an interactive network of non-intrusive characterization and assessment equipment. The assessment equipment includes radiography systems, a gamma densitometer system, a Portable Isotopic Neutron Spectroscopy (PINS) system, a Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy (SIMS) system, air monitoring equipment (i.e., M-90s and a field ion spectroscopy system), and a phase

Hydro and morphodynamic simulations for probabilistic estimates of munitions mobility

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Palmsten, M.; Penko, A.

2017-12-01

Probabilistic estimates of waves, currents, and sediment transport at underwater munitions remediation sites are necessary to constrain probabilistic predictions of munitions exposure, burial, and migration. To address this need, we produced ensemble simulations of hydrodynamic flow and morphologic change with Delft3D, a coupled system of wave, circulation, and sediment transport models. We have set up the Delft3D model simulations at the Army Corps of Engineers Field Research Facility (FRF) in Duck, NC, USA. The FRF is the prototype site for the near-field munitions mobility model, which integrates far-field and near-field field munitions mobility simulations. An extensive array of in-situ and remotely sensed oceanographic, bathymetric, and meteorological data are available at the FRF, as well as existing observations of munitions mobility for model testing. Here, we present results of ensemble Delft3D hydro- and morphodynamic simulations at Duck. A nested Delft3D simulation runs an outer grid that extends 12-km in the along-shore and 3.7-km in the cross-shore with 50-m resolution and a maximum depth of approximately 17-m. The inner nested grid extends 3.2-km in the along-shore and 1.2-km in the cross-shore with 5-m resolution and a maximum depth of approximately 11-m. The inner nested grid initial model bathymetry is defined as the most recent survey or remotely sensed estimate of water depth. Delft3D-WAVE and FLOW is driven with spectral wave measurements from a Waverider buoy in 17-m depth located on the offshore boundary of the outer grid. The spectral wave output and the water levels from the outer grid are used to define the boundary conditions for the inner nested high-resolution grid, in which the coupled Delft3D WAVE-FLOW-MORPHOLOGY model is run. The ensemble results are compared to the wave, current, and bathymetry observations collected at the FRF.

Mobile and stationary laser weapon demonstrators of Rheinmetall Waffe Munition

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ludewigt, K.; Riesbeck, Th.; Baumgärtel, Th.; Schmitz, J.; Graf, A.; Jung, M.

2014-10-01

For some years Rheinmetall Waffe Munition has successfully developed, realised and tested a variety of versatile high energy laser (HEL) weapon systems for air- and ground-defence scenarios like C-RAM, UXO clearing. By employing beam superimposition technology and a modular laser weapon concept, the total optical power has been successively increased. Stationary weapon platforms and now military mobile vehicles were equipped with high energy laser effectors. Our contribution summarises the most recent development stages of Rheinmetalls high energy laser weapon program. We present three different vehicle based HEL demonstrators: the 5 kW class Mobile HEL Effector Track V integrated in an M113 tank, the 20 kW class Mobile HEL Effector Wheel XX integrated in a multirole armoured vehicle GTK Boxer 8x8 and the 50 kW class Mobile HEL Effector Container L integrated in a reinforced container carried by an 8x8 truck. As a highlight, a stationary 30 kW Laser Weapon Demonstrator shows the capability to defeat saturated attacks of RAM targets and unmanned aerial vehicles. 2013 all HEL demonstrators were tested in a firing campaign at the Rheinmetall testing centre in Switzerland. Major results of these tests are presented.

Snow Depth Calibrations for Electromagnetic Induction Investigations at a Former Munitions Waste Disposal Site in Alaska

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Glaser, D. R., II; Wagner, A. M.; Gelvin, A.; Saari, S.; Staples, A.; Larsen, G.

2017-12-01

A US Army legacy munitions waste site was identified adjacent to a river near a small arms range in Alaska. As part of remediation efforts, geophysical studies were conducted to characterize the extent of buried metal debris at the site. Time-domain electromagnetic surveys were completed over the site to meet the regulatory guidance for site cleanup. Time-domain and frequency-domain electromagnetic induction, magnetic gradiometry, and ground penetrating radar subsurface geophysical studies were deployed over soil, water, and snow surface conditions throughout the impacted area. The time-domain electromagnetic induction results acquired during summer months, presented clear indications of trenches located directly perpendicular to and adjacent to the river. However, in the follow up investigation where the snow-pack was greater than one meter, the response amplitude of the metallic debris was dampened and possible targets were missed. This was confirmed by the subsequent magnetic gradiometry survey which identified a suspected extension of one of the trenches through the river on to the seasonal sand bar island. The region is subject to extremely cold temperatures as well as significant snow pack and permafrost soil conditions. The snow presented a negative impact to the accurate assessment of the site by changing the effective investigation depth. To address this we developed an approach using ground penetrating radar data calibrated with physical snow depth measurements to generate continuous estimates of snow depth and spatially correct the electromagnetic induction data to the corresponding regulatory amplitude limit as if the snow were not present. Limitations of the approach as related to the signal floor of the electromagnetic induction response were also assessed.

Piezoelectric-based hybrid reserve power sources for munitions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rastegar, J.; Kwok, P.

2017-04-01

Reserve power sources are used extensively in munitions and other devices, such as emergency devices or remote sensors that need to be powered only once and for a relatively short duration. Current chemical reserve power sources, including thermal batteries and liquid reserve batteries sometimes require more than 100 msec to become fully activated. In many applications, however, electrical energy is required in a few msec following the launch event. In such applications, other power sources are needed to provide power until the reserve battery is fully activated. The amount of electrical energy that is required by most munitions before chemical reserve batteries are fully activated is generally small and can be provided by properly designed piezoelectric-based energy harvesting devices. In this paper, the development of a hybrid reserve power source that is constructed by integration of a piezoelectric-based energy harvesting device with a reserve battery to provide power almost instantaneously upon munitions firing or other similar events is being reported. A review of the state of the art in piezoelectric-based electrical energy harvesting methods and devices and their charge collection electronics for use in the developed hybrid power sources is provided together with the results of testing of the piezoelectric component of the power source and its electronic safety and charge collection electronics.

41 CFR 102-36.435 - How do we identify Munitions List Items (MLIs)/Commerce Control List Items (CCLIs) requiring...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Munitions List Items (MLIs)/Commerce Control List Items (CCLIs) requiring demilitarization? 102-36.435... Personal Property Whose Disposal Requires Special Handling Munitions List Items/commerce Control List Items (mlis/cclis) § 102-36.435 How do we identify Munitions List Items (MLIs)/Commerce Control List Items...

41 CFR 102-36.435 - How do we identify Munitions List Items (MLIs)/Commerce Control List Items (CCLIs) requiring...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Munitions List Items (MLIs)/Commerce Control List Items (CCLIs) requiring demilitarization? 102-36.435... Personal Property Whose Disposal Requires Special Handling Munitions List Items/commerce Control List Items (mlis/cclis) § 102-36.435 How do we identify Munitions List Items (MLIs)/Commerce Control List Items...

41 CFR 102-36.435 - How do we identify Munitions List Items (MLIs)/Commerce Control List Items (CCLIs) requiring...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Munitions List Items (MLIs)/Commerce Control List Items (CCLIs) requiring demilitarization? 102-36.435... Personal Property Whose Disposal Requires Special Handling Munitions List Items/commerce Control List Items (mlis/cclis) § 102-36.435 How do we identify Munitions List Items (MLIs)/Commerce Control List Items...

41 CFR 102-36.435 - How do we identify Munitions List Items (MLIs)/Commerce Control List Items (CCLIs) requiring...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... Munitions List Items (MLIs)/Commerce Control List Items (CCLIs) requiring demilitarization? 102-36.435... Personal Property Whose Disposal Requires Special Handling Munitions List Items/commerce Control List Items (mlis/cclis) § 102-36.435 How do we identify Munitions List Items (MLIs)/Commerce Control List Items...

41 CFR 102-36.435 - How do we identify Munitions List Items (MLIs)/Commerce Control List Items (CCLIs) requiring...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Munitions List Items (MLIs)/Commerce Control List Items (CCLIs) requiring demilitarization? 102-36.435... Personal Property Whose Disposal Requires Special Handling Munitions List Items/commerce Control List Items (mlis/cclis) § 102-36.435 How do we identify Munitions List Items (MLIs)/Commerce Control List Items...

Emissions from open burning of simulated military waste from forward operating bases.

PubMed

Aurell, Johanna; Gullett, Brian K; Yamamoto, Dirk

2012-10-16

Emissions from open burning of simulated military waste from forward operating bases (FOBs) were extensively characterized as an initial step in assessing potential inhalation exposure of FOB personnel and future disposal alternatives. Emissions from two different burning scenarios, so-called "burn piles/pits" and an air curtain burner/"burn box", were compared using simulated FOB waste from municipal and commercial sources. A comprehensive array of emissions was quantified, including CO(2), PM(2.5), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and -furans (PCDDs/PCDFs), polybrominated dibenzodioxins and -furans (PBDDs/PBDFs), and metals. In general, smoldering conditions in the burn box and the burn pile led to similar emissions. However, when the burn box underwent periodic waste charging to maintain sustained combustion, PM(2.5), VOCs, and PAH emissions dropped considerably compared to smoldering conditions and the overall burn pile results. The PCDD/PCDF and PBDD/PBDF emission factors for the burn piles were 50 times higher than those from the burn box likely due to the dominance of smoldering combustion in the burn piles.

Toxic-Waste Disposal by Combustion in Containers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Houseman, J.; Stephens, J. B.; Moynihan, P. I.; Compton, L. E.; Kalvinskas, J. J.

1986-01-01

Chemical wastes burned with minimal handling in storage containers. Technique for disposing of chemical munitions by burning them inside shells applies to disposal of toxic materials stored in drums. Fast, economical procedure overcomes heat-transfer limitations of conventional furnace designs by providing direct contact of oxygenrich combustion gases with toxic agent. No need to handle waste material, and container also decontaminated in process. Oxygen-rich torch flame cuts burster well and causes vaporization and combustion of toxic agent contained in shell.

Calcium signaling in neuronal cells exposed to the munitions compound Cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX).

PubMed

Ehrich, Marion; Wu, Xiaohua; Werre, Stephen R; Major, Michael A; McCain, Wilfred C; Reddy, Gunda

2009-01-01

Cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX) has been used extensively as an explosive in military munitions. Mechanisms for seizure production, seen in past animal studies, have not been described. Increased calcium levels contribute to excitotoxicity, so in this study neuroblastoma cells are loaded with calcium-indicating dye before application of 1.5 microM to 7.5 mM RDX, with fluorescence recorded for 30 cycles of 11 seconds each. The lowest concentration of RDX increases calcium fluorescence significantly above baseline for cycles 2 to 8; millimolar concentrations increase calcium fluorescence significantly above baseline for cycles 2 to 30. Increases in calcium, like those of 200 nM carbachol, are prevented with 10 mM of calcium chelator ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N,N tetra-acetic acid (EGTA, tetrasodium salt). Calcium channel blocker verapamil (20 microM), Ca(2+)-ATPase inhibitor thapsigargin (5 microM), and general membrane stabilizer lidocaine (10 mM) partially attenuate carbachol- and RDX-induced increases in calcium, suggesting that RDX transiently increases intracellular calcium by multiple mechanisms.

41 CFR 109-42.1102-8 - United States Munitions List items which require demilitarization.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 3 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false United States Munitions List items which require demilitarization. 109-42.1102-8 Section 109-42.1102-8 Public Contracts and... Property § 109-42.1102-8 United States Munitions List items which require demilitarization. Heads of field...

41 CFR 109-42.1102-8 - United States Munitions List items which require demilitarization.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false United States Munitions List items which require demilitarization. 109-42.1102-8 Section 109-42.1102-8 Public Contracts and... Property § 109-42.1102-8 United States Munitions List items which require demilitarization. Heads of field...

41 CFR 109-42.1102-8 - United States Munitions List items which require demilitarization.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false United States Munitions List items which require demilitarization. 109-42.1102-8 Section 109-42.1102-8 Public Contracts and... Property § 109-42.1102-8 United States Munitions List items which require demilitarization. Heads of field...

Compilation of Safety Separation Data on Bulk Explosives and Munitions

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-05-01

Feet p M374 HE Single round 0.61 2.0 projectile, 81 mm Single round with shieldŕ 0.22** 0.73** 72 per pallet 9.14 30.0, XM78) HEDP 2 each PBXN -5...of TNT 14 Boxes of TNT 15 TNT in Tote Bins 16 Munitions 17 8-inch M 106 HE Projectile 17 8-Inch M509 HE Projectile 18 155 mm M 107 HE Projectile 19...maintained. MUNITIONS 8-Inch M106 HE Projectile (ref 14) Objective The objective was to determine the safe separation distance betwen single 8-inch M 106 HE

41 CFR 102-36.430 - May we dispose of excess Munitions List Items (MLIs)/Commerce Control List Items (CCLIs)?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Munitions List Items (MLIs)/Commerce Control List Items (CCLIs)? 102-36.430 Section 102-36.430 Public... Disposal Requires Special Handling Munitions List Items/commerce Control List Items (mlis/cclis) § 102-36.430 May we dispose of excess Munitions List Items (MLIs)/Commerce Control List Items (CCLIs)? You may...

41 CFR 102-36.430 - May we dispose of excess Munitions List Items (MLIs)/Commerce Control List Items (CCLIs)?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Munitions List Items (MLIs)/Commerce Control List Items (CCLIs)? 102-36.430 Section 102-36.430 Public... Disposal Requires Special Handling Munitions List Items/commerce Control List Items (mlis/cclis) § 102-36.430 May we dispose of excess Munitions List Items (MLIs)/Commerce Control List Items (CCLIs)? You may...

41 CFR 102-36.430 - May we dispose of excess Munitions List Items (MLIs)/Commerce Control List Items (CCLIs)?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... Munitions List Items (MLIs)/Commerce Control List Items (CCLIs)? 102-36.430 Section 102-36.430 Public... Disposal Requires Special Handling Munitions List Items/commerce Control List Items (mlis/cclis) § 102-36.430 May we dispose of excess Munitions List Items (MLIs)/Commerce Control List Items (CCLIs)? You may...

41 CFR 102-36.430 - May we dispose of excess Munitions List Items (MLIs)/Commerce Control List Items (CCLIs)?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Munitions List Items (MLIs)/Commerce Control List Items (CCLIs)? 102-36.430 Section 102-36.430 Public... Disposal Requires Special Handling Munitions List Items/commerce Control List Items (mlis/cclis) § 102-36.430 May we dispose of excess Munitions List Items (MLIs)/Commerce Control List Items (CCLIs)? You may...

41 CFR 102-36.430 - May we dispose of excess Munitions List Items (MLIs)/Commerce Control List Items (CCLIs)?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Munitions List Items (MLIs)/Commerce Control List Items (CCLIs)? 102-36.430 Section 102-36.430 Public... Disposal Requires Special Handling Munitions List Items/commerce Control List Items (mlis/cclis) § 102-36.430 May we dispose of excess Munitions List Items (MLIs)/Commerce Control List Items (CCLIs)? You may...

Prototype integration of the joint munitions assessment and planning model with the OSD threat methodology

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lynn, R.Y.S.; Bolmarcich, J.J.

The purpose of this Memorandum is to propose a prototype procedure which the Office of Munitions might employ to exercise, in a supportive joint fashion, two of its High Level Conventional Munitions Models, namely, the OSD Threat Methodology and the Joint Munitions Assessment and Planning (JMAP) model. The joint application of JMAP and the OSD Threat Methodology provides a tool to optimize munitions stockpiles. The remainder of this Memorandum comprises five parts. The first is a description of the structure and use of the OSD Threat Methodology. The second is a description of JMAP and its use. The third discussesmore » the concept of the joint application of JMAP and OSD Threat Methodology. The fourth displays sample output of the joint application. The fifth is a summary and epilogue. Finally, three appendices contain details of the formulation, data, and computer code.« less

Data communication through multiple physical media: applications to munitions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dhadwal, Harbans S.; Rastegar, Jahangir; Feng, Dake; Kwok, Philip

2015-05-01

Electronic systems comprising of subassemblies, distributed across different physical media, require seamless communication between processors and sensors embedded in the disparate volumes. For example, smart munitions systems embed sensors and other key control electronics, throughout the structure, in vastly different physical media. In addition to the obvious space constraints, these structures are subjected to high G forces during launch. Thus, communications through wire harnesses becomes cumbersome, make assembly process and testing difficult, and challenging to make survive high G firing. Here we focus on an approach that takes advantage of the partial optical transparency of epoxy material commonly used in potting electronic components in munitions, as well as the wave guiding that is possible through the body of the munitions wall which is made from composite materials. Experimental results show that a wireless optical link, connecting various parts of the distributed system, is possible at near IR frequencies. Data can be rapidly parsed between a processor, sensors and actuators. We present experimental data for a commercial epoxy system, which is used to embed a number of IrDA devices inside the cone of 120 mm mortar shell. IrDA devices using the FIR data rates establish point-to-point communication through various media, representative of the environment inside the 120 mm mortar cone.

Munitions Classification Library

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-04-04

F/B N N Practice Rockeye MK118 S Y Y N N U/P N N Practice 25-lb Mk76 B Y N N N F/B N N BDU-33 Practice Bomb 2.25-in SCAR Mk4 Mod0 R Y Y N N F/W Y N...Sphere SO N N N N Pristine Y Y steel 1 P = Projectile; G = Grenade; M = Mortar; R = Rocket; S = Submunition; B = Bomb ; RWH = Rocket Warhead; SO...many of the remaining outstanding desired items as possible and ranged in size from very small munitions (50 cal) all the way up to a 250-lb bomb

Munition Burial by Local Scour and Sandwaves: large-scale laboratory experiments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Garcia, M. H.

2017-12-01

Our effort has been the direct observation and monitoring of the burial process of munitions induced by the combined action of waves, currents and pure oscillatory flows. The experimental conditions have made it possible to observe the burial process due to both local scour around model munitions as well as the passage of sandwaves. One experimental facility is the Large Oscillating Water Sediment Tunnel (LOWST) constructed with DURIP support. LOWST can reproduce field-like conditions near the sea bed. The second facility is a multipurpose wave-current flume which is 4 feet (1.20 m) deep, 6 feet (1.8 m) wide, and 161 feet (49.2 m) long. More than two hundred experiments were carried out in the wave-current flume. The main task completed within this effort has been the characterization of the burial process induced by local scour as well in the presence of dynamic sandwaves with superimposed ripples. It is found that the burial of a finite-length model munition (cylinder) is determined by local scour around the cylinder and by a more global process associated with the formation and evolution of sandwaves having superimposed ripples on them. Depending on the ratio of the amplitude of these features and the body's diameter (D), a model munition can progressively get partially or totally buried as such bedforms migrate. Analysis of the experimental data indicates that existing semi-empirical formulae for prediction of equilibrium-burial-depth, geometry of the scour hole around a cylinder, and time-scales developed for pipelines are not suitable for the case of a cylinder of finite length. Relative burial depth (Bd / D) is found to be mainly a function of two parameters. One is the Keulegan-Carpenter number, KC, and the Shields parameter, θ. Munition burial under either waves or combined flow, is influenced by two different processes. One is related to the local scour around the object, which takes place within the first few hundred minutes of flow action (i.e. short

U.S. Army Training and Testing Area Carrying Capacity (ATTACC) for Munitions (AFM)

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-11-01

Army Training Support Center USDA United States Department of Agriculture USGS United States Geological Survey USLE Universal Soil Loss Equation...Range condition is a function of climate, soil , and hydrology. The munitions impact, constituent load, and range condition are modeled using AFM...For ArcGIS v2 to attain expected concentrations of munitions constituents and corresponding risk due to exposure through soil - and water-related

Miniature Munitions: Is The US Military Prepared to Support Major Combat Operations

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-08-01

10 EVALUATION OF SMALL DIAMETER BOMB II AS THE ONLY WEAPON ...................... 11 CRITERION 1: MASS...Diameter Bomb (SDB) II, also known as the Guided Bomb Unit (GBU) 53/B, is the United States (US) Air Force’s newest standoff weapon to use miniature...against key Iraqi military infrastructure using precision laser and Global Positioning System (GPS) guided bombs . US and coalition ground forces

32 CFR 182.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Federal property or Federal governmental functions. Explosives or munitions emergency. A situation... explosives or munitions, an improvised explosive device (IED), other potentially explosive material or device, or other potentially harmful military chemical munitions or device, that creates an actual or...

Informal Workshop on Burial and Mobility Modeling of Munitions in the Underwater Environment

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-12-01

Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law , no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a...responsible for munitions mobility including transport , burial, and re- exposure. A set of field experiments is being performed to characterize the...Motion, Transport , and Fate of Underwater Munitions under Waves, Currents, and Combined-Flows – PI: Dr. Marcelo Garcia, University of Illinois at

Hybrid analysis of multiaxis electromagnetic data for discrimination of munitions and explosives of concern

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Friedel, M. J.; Asch, T. H.; Oden, C.

2012-08-01

The remediation of land containing munitions and explosives of concern, otherwise known as unexploded ordnance, is an ongoing problem facing the U.S. Department of Defense and similar agencies worldwide that have used or are transferring training ranges or munitions disposal areas to civilian control. The expense associated with cleanup of land previously used for military training and war provides impetus for research towards enhanced discrimination of buried unexploded ordnance. Towards reducing that expense, a multiaxis electromagnetic induction data collection and software system, called ALLTEM, was designed and tested with support from the U.S. Department of Defense Environmental Security Technology Certification Program. ALLTEM is an on-time time-domain system that uses a continuous triangle-wave excitation to measure the target-step response rather than traditional impulse response. The system cycles through three orthogonal transmitting loops and records a total of 19 different transmitting and receiving loop combinations with a nominal spatial data sampling interval of 20 cm. Recorded data are pre-processed and then used in a hybrid discrimination scheme involving both data-driven and numerical classification techniques. The data-driven classification scheme is accomplished in three steps. First, field observations are used to train a type of unsupervised artificial neural network, a self-organizing map (SOM). Second, the SOM is used to simultaneously estimate target parameters (depth, azimuth, inclination, item type and weight) by iterative minimization of the topographic error vectors. Third, the target classification is accomplished by evaluating histograms of the estimated parameters. The numerical classification scheme is also accomplished in three steps. First, the Biot-Savart law is used to model the primary magnetic fields from the transmitter coils and the secondary magnetic fields generated by currents induced in the target materials in the

Hybrid analysis of multiaxis electromagnetic data for discrimination of munitions and explosives of concern

USGS Publications Warehouse

Friedel, M.J.; Asch, T.H.; Oden, C.

2012-01-01

The remediation of land containing munitions and explosives of concern, otherwise known as unexploded ordnance, is an ongoing problem facing the U.S. Department of Defense and similar agencies worldwide that have used or are transferring training ranges or munitions disposal areas to civilian control. The expense associated with cleanup of land previously used for military training and war provides impetus for research towards enhanced discrimination of buried unexploded ordnance. Towards reducing that expense, a multiaxis electromagnetic induction data collection and software system, called ALLTEM, was designed and tested with support from the U.S. Department of Defense Environmental Security Technology Certification Program. ALLTEM is an on-time time-domain system that uses a continuous triangle-wave excitation to measure the target-step response rather than traditional impulse response. The system cycles through three orthogonal transmitting loops and records a total of 19 different transmitting and receiving loop combinations with a nominal spatial data sampling interval of 20 cm. Recorded data are pre-processed and then used in a hybrid discrimination scheme involving both data-driven and numerical classification techniques. The data-driven classification scheme is accomplished in three steps. First, field observations are used to train a type of unsupervised artificial neural network, a self-organizing map (SOM). Second, the SOM is used to simultaneously estimate target parameters (depth, azimuth, inclination, item type and weight) by iterative minimization of the topographic error vectors. Third, the target classification is accomplished by evaluating histograms of the estimated parameters. The numerical classification scheme is also accomplished in three steps. First, the Biot–Savart law is used to model the primary magnetic fields from the transmitter coils and the secondary magnetic fields generated by currents induced in the target materials in the

Investigation of an outbreak of anemia cases at an Army trinitrotoluene munitions production plant from 2004 to 2005 and subsequent surveillance 2005-2013.

PubMed

Mallon, Timothy M; Ortiz, Jose M; Candler, William H; Rogers, Gregory; Hillburn, Richard

2014-11-01

Investigate an outbreak of anemia that occurred at an Army trinitrotoluene (TNT) munitions production facility in 2004-2005 and describe subsequent medical surveillance efforts between 2005 and 2013. A retrospective, cross-sectional investigation of anemia cases and exposure levels was conducted to target corrective engineering and administrative changes needed to reduce TNT levels and anemia cases. Mean TNT exposure levels decreased from 1.2 to 0.08 mg/m(3) between 2004 and 2012, but the trend was not statistically significant. Anemia cases rose from 17 to 38 between 2004 and 2011 and cases declined from 4 to 0 between 2012 and 2013. The overall trend in cases was not statistically significant. TNT levels rose at a munitions plant until ventilation changes reduced exposures. Despite this, anemia cases continued to rise until the commander held workers accountable for failing to wear PPE and motivated them to wear respirators to avoid a loss in pay. The case definition of anemia was revised to be consistent with the case definition used by private physicians who practiced in the community. Better coveralls are needed, which are easy to wear, reduce static discharge, and prevent TNT skin absorption. Reprint & Copyright © 2014 Association of Military Surgeons of the U.S.

22 CFR 123.11 - Movements of vessels and aircraft covered by the U.S. Munitions List outside the United States.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... the U.S. Munitions List outside the United States. 123.11 Section 123.11 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT... DEFENSE ARTICLES § 123.11 Movements of vessels and aircraft covered by the U.S. Munitions List outside the... privately-owned aircraft or vessel on the U.S. Munitions List makes a voyage outside the United States. (b...

22 CFR 123.11 - Movements of vessels and aircraft covered by the U.S. Munitions List outside the United States.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... the U.S. Munitions List outside the United States. 123.11 Section 123.11 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT....11 Movements of vessels and aircraft covered by the U.S. Munitions List outside the United States. (a... aircraft or vessel on the U.S. Munitions List makes a voyage outside the United States. (b) Exemption. An...

22 CFR 123.11 - Movements of vessels and aircraft covered by the U.S. Munitions List outside the United States.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... the U.S. Munitions List outside the United States. 123.11 Section 123.11 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT....11 Movements of vessels and aircraft covered by the U.S. Munitions List outside the United States. (a... aircraft or vessel on the U.S. Munitions List makes a voyage outside the United States. (b) Exemption. An...

22 CFR 123.11 - Movements of vessels and aircraft covered by the U.S. Munitions List outside the United States.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... the U.S. Munitions List outside the United States. 123.11 Section 123.11 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT....11 Movements of vessels and aircraft covered by the U.S. Munitions List outside the United States. (a... aircraft or vessel on the U.S. Munitions List makes a voyage outside the United States. (b) Exemption. An...

22 CFR 123.11 - Movements of vessels and aircraft covered by the U.S. Munitions List outside the United States.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... the U.S. Munitions List outside the United States. 123.11 Section 123.11 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT....11 Movements of vessels and aircraft covered by the U.S. Munitions List outside the United States. (a... aircraft or vessel on the U.S. Munitions List makes a voyage outside the United States. (b) Exemption. An...

Aerostat-based sampling of emissions from open burning and open detonation of military ordnance.

PubMed

Aurell, Johanna; Gullett, Brian K; Tabor, Dennis; Williams, Ryan K; Mitchell, William; Kemme, Michael R

2015-03-02

Emissions from open detonation (OD), open burning (OB), and static firing (SF) of obsolete military munitions were collected using an aerostat-lofted sampling instrument maneuvered into the plumes with remotely controlled tether winches. PM2.5, PM10, metals, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), energetics, and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were characterized from 121 trials of three different munitions (Composition B (hereafter, "Comp B"), V453, V548), 152 trials of five different propellants (M31A1E1, M26, SPCF, Arc 451, 452A), and 12 trials with static firing of ammonium perchlorate-containing Sparrow rocket motors. Sampling was conducted with operational charge sizes and under open area conditions to determine emission levels representative of actual disposal practices. The successful application of the tethered aerostat and sampling instruments demonstrated the ability to sample for and determine the first ever emission factors for static firing of rocket motors and buried and metal-cased OD, as well as the first measurements of PM2.5 for OB and for surface OD. Published by Elsevier B.V.

40 CFR 265.1200 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... FACILITIES Hazardous Waste Munitions and Explosives Storage § 265.1200 Applicability. The requirements of this subpart apply to owners or operators who store munitions and explosive hazardous wastes, except as § 265.1 provides otherwise. (NOTE: Depending on explosive hazards, hazardous waste munitions and...

40 CFR 265.1200 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... FACILITIES Hazardous Waste Munitions and Explosives Storage § 265.1200 Applicability. The requirements of this subpart apply to owners or operators who store munitions and explosive hazardous wastes, except as § 265.1 provides otherwise. (NOTE: Depending on explosive hazards, hazardous waste munitions and...

40 CFR 265.1200 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... FACILITIES Hazardous Waste Munitions and Explosives Storage § 265.1200 Applicability. The requirements of this subpart apply to owners or operators who store munitions and explosive hazardous wastes, except as § 265.1 provides otherwise. (NOTE: Depending on explosive hazards, hazardous waste munitions and...

40 CFR 265.1200 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... FACILITIES Hazardous Waste Munitions and Explosives Storage § 265.1200 Applicability. The requirements of this subpart apply to owners or operators who store munitions and explosive hazardous wastes, except as § 265.1 provides otherwise. (NOTE: Depending on explosive hazards, hazardous waste munitions and...

40 CFR 265.1200 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... FACILITIES Hazardous Waste Munitions and Explosives Storage § 265.1200 Applicability. The requirements of this subpart apply to owners or operators who store munitions and explosive hazardous wastes, except as § 265.1 provides otherwise. (NOTE: Depending on explosive hazards, hazardous waste munitions and...

Batch anaerobic digestion of synthetic military base food waste and cardboard mixtures.

PubMed

Asato, Caitlin M; Gonzalez-Estrella, Jorge; Jerke, Amber C; Bang, Sookie S; Stone, James J; Gilcrease, Patrick C

2016-09-01

Austere US military bases typically dispose of solid wastes, including large fractions of food waste (FW) and corrugated cardboard (CCB), by open dumping, landfilling, or burning. Anaerobic digestion (AD) offers an opportunity to reduce pollution and recover useful energy. This study aimed to evaluate the rates and yields of AD for FW-CCB mixtures. Batch AD was analyzed at substrate concentrations of 1-50g total chemical oxygen demand (COD)L(-1) using response surface methodology. At low concentrations, higher proportions of FW were correlated with faster specific methanogenic activities and greater final methane yields; however, concentrations of FW ⩾18.75gCODL(-1) caused inhibition. Digestion of mixtures with ⩾75% CCB occurred slowly but achieved methane yields >70%. Greater shifts in microbial communities were observed at higher substrate concentrations. Statistical models of methane yield and specific methanogenic activity indicated that FW and CCB exhibited no considerable interactions as substrates for AD. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Insensitive Munitions Modeling Improvement Efforts

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-10-01

LLNL) ALE3D . Report Documentation Page Form ApprovedOMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to...codes most commonly used by munition designers are CTH and the SIERRA suite of codes produced by Sandia National Labs (SNL) and ALE3D produced by... ALE3D , a LLNL developed code, is also used by various DoD participants. It was however, designed differently than either CTH or Sierra. ALE3D is a

Bioconcentration factors and plant-water partition coefficients of munitions compounds in barley.

PubMed

Torralba-Sanchez, Tifany L; Kuo, Dave T F; Allen, Herbert E; Di Toro, Dominic M

2017-12-01

Plants growing in the soils at military ranges and surrounding locations are exposed, and potentially able to uptake, munitions compounds (MCs). The extent to which a compound is transferred from the environment into organisms such as plants, referred to as bioconcentration, is conventionally measured through uptake experiments with field/synthetic soils. Multiple components/phases that vary among different soil types and affect the bioavailability of the MC, however, hinder the ability to separate the effects of soil characteristics from the MC chemical properties on the resulting plant bioconcentration. To circumvent the problem, this work presents a protocol to measure steady state bioconcentration factors (BCFs) for MCs in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) using inert laboratory sand rather than field/synthetic soils. Three MCs: 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT), and 2,4-dinitroanisole (2,4-DNAN), and two munition-like compounds (MLCs): 4-nitroanisole (4-NAN) and 2-methoxy-5-nitropyridine (2-M-5-NPYNE) were evaluated. Approximately constant plant biomass and exposure concentrations were achieved within a one-month period that produced steady state log BCF values: 0.62 ± 0.02, 0.70 ± 0.03, 1.30 ± 0.06, 0.52 ± 0.03, and 0.40 ± 0.05 L kg plant dwt -1 for TNT, 2,4-DNT, 2,4-DNAN, 4-NAN, and 2-M-5-NPYNE, respectively. Furthermore, results suggest that the upper-bounds of the BCFs can be estimated within an order of magnitude by measuring the partitioning of the compounds between barley biomass and water. This highlights the importance of partition equilibrium as a mechanism for the uptake of MCs and MLCs by barley from interstitial water. The results from this work provide chemically meaningful data for prediction models able to estimate the bioconcentration of these contaminants in plants. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

40 CFR 264.1200 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Waste Munitions and Explosives Storage § 264.1200 Applicability. The requirements of this subpart apply to owners or operators who store munitions and explosive hazardous wastes, except as § 264.1 provides otherwise. (NOTE: Depending on explosive hazards, hazardous waste munitions and explosives may also be...

40 CFR 264.1200 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Waste Munitions and Explosives Storage § 264.1200 Applicability. The requirements of this subpart apply to owners or operators who store munitions and explosive hazardous wastes, except as § 264.1 provides otherwise. (NOTE: Depending on explosive hazards, hazardous waste munitions and explosives may also be...

40 CFR 264.1200 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Waste Munitions and Explosives Storage § 264.1200 Applicability. The requirements of this subpart apply to owners or operators who store munitions and explosive hazardous wastes, except as § 264.1 provides otherwise. (NOTE: Depending on explosive hazards, hazardous waste munitions and explosives may also be...

40 CFR 264.1200 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Waste Munitions and Explosives Storage § 264.1200 Applicability. The requirements of this subpart apply to owners or operators who store munitions and explosive hazardous wastes, except as § 264.1 provides otherwise. (NOTE: Depending on explosive hazards, hazardous waste munitions and explosives may also be...

40 CFR 264.1200 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Waste Munitions and Explosives Storage § 264.1200 Applicability. The requirements of this subpart apply to owners or operators who store munitions and explosive hazardous wastes, except as § 264.1 provides otherwise. (NOTE: Depending on explosive hazards, hazardous waste munitions and explosives may also be...

Validation of a Tablet Application for Assessing Dietary Intakes Compared with the Measured Food Intake/Food Waste Method in Military Personnel Consuming Field Rations.

PubMed

Ahmed, Mavra; Mandic, Iva; Lou, Wendy; Goodman, Len; Jacobs, Ira; L'Abbé, Mary R

2017-02-27

The collection of accurate dietary intakes using traditional dietary assessment methods (e.g., food records) from military personnel is challenging due to the demanding physiological and psychological conditions of training or operations. In addition, these methods are burdensome, time consuming, and prone to measurement errors. Adopting smart-phone/tablet technology could overcome some of these barriers. The objective was to assess the validity of a tablet app, modified to contain detailed nutritional composition data, in comparison to a measured food intake/waste method. A sample of Canadian Armed Forces personnel, randomized to either a tablet app ( n = 9) or a weighed food record (wFR) ( n = 9), recorded the consumption of standard military rations for a total of 8 days. Compared to the gold standard measured food intake/waste method, the difference in mean energy intake was small (-73 kcal/day for tablet app and -108 kcal/day for wFR) ( p > 0.05). Repeated Measures Bland-Altman plots indicated good agreement for both methods (tablet app and wFR) with the measured food intake/waste method. These findings demonstrate that the tablet app, with added nutritional composition data, is comparable to the traditional dietary assessment method (wFR) and performs satisfactorily in relation to the measured food intake/waste method to assess energy, macronutrient, and selected micronutrient intakes in a sample of military personnel.

Validation of a Tablet Application for Assessing Dietary Intakes Compared with the Measured Food Intake/Food Waste Method in Military Personnel Consuming Field Rations

PubMed Central

Ahmed, Mavra; Mandic, Iva; Lou, Wendy; Goodman, Len; Jacobs, Ira; L’Abbé, Mary R.

2017-01-01

The collection of accurate dietary intakes using traditional dietary assessment methods (e.g., food records) from military personnel is challenging due to the demanding physiological and psychological conditions of training or operations. In addition, these methods are burdensome, time consuming, and prone to measurement errors. Adopting smart-phone/tablet technology could overcome some of these barriers. The objective was to assess the validity of a tablet app, modified to contain detailed nutritional composition data, in comparison to a measured food intake/waste method. A sample of Canadian Armed Forces personnel, randomized to either a tablet app (n = 9) or a weighed food record (wFR) (n = 9), recorded the consumption of standard military rations for a total of 8 days. Compared to the gold standard measured food intake/waste method, the difference in mean energy intake was small (−73 kcal/day for tablet app and −108 kcal/day for wFR) (p > 0.05). Repeated Measures Bland-Altman plots indicated good agreement for both methods (tablet app and wFR) with the measured food intake/waste method. These findings demonstrate that the tablet app, with added nutritional composition data, is comparable to the traditional dietary assessment method (wFR) and performs satisfactorily in relation to the measured food intake/waste method to assess energy, macronutrient, and selected micronutrient intakes in a sample of military personnel. PMID:28264428

Net Zero Fort Carson: Integrating Energy, Water, and Waste Strategies to Lower the Environmental Impact of a Military Base

EPA Science Inventory

Military bases resemble small cities and face similar sustainability challenges. As pilot studies in the U.S. Army Net Zero program, 17 locations are moving to 100% renewable energy, zero depletion of water resources, and/or zero waste to landfill by 2020. Some bases target net z...

2011 Munitions Executive Summit

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-02-04

Tooele Army Depot Tooele, UT ‐ Supply Depot Operations ‐ Ammunition Peculiar Equip Red River Munitions Center Texarkana , TX ‐ Supply Depot...0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 6 September 2009 Platform President’s Meeting 2/9/2011...Interest & Discretionary ($B) – Table 1‐3 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Mandatory Defense

20000G shock energy harvesters for gun-fired munition

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Willemin, J.; Boisseau, S.; Olmos, L.; Gallardo, M.; Despesse, G.; Robert, T.

2016-11-01

This paper presents a 20000G shock energy harvester dedicated to gun-fired munitions and based on a mass-spring resonant structure coupled to a coil-magnet electromagnetic converter. The 20000G shock energy is firstly stored in the spring as elastic potential energy, released as mass-spring mechanical oscillations right after the shock and finally converted into electricity thanks to the coil-magnet transducer. The device has been modeled, sized to generate 200mJ in 150ms, manufactured and tested in a gun-fired munition. The prototype sizes 117cm3 and weighs 370g. 210mJ have been generated in a test bench and 140mJ in real conditions; this corresponds to a mean output power of 0.93W (7.9mW/cm3) and a maximum output power of 4.83W (41.3mW/cm3) right after the shock.

48 CFR 225.770-1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... used in this section— (a) Communist Chinese military company and United States Munitions List are defined in the clause at 252.225-7007, Prohibition on Acquisition of United States Munitions List Items...

48 CFR 225.770-1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... used in this section— (a) Communist Chinese military company and United States Munitions List are defined in the clause at 252.225-7007, Prohibition on Acquisition of United States Munitions List Items...

48 CFR 225.770-1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... used in this section— (a) Communist Chinese military company and United States Munitions List are defined in the clause at 252.225-7007, Prohibition on Acquisition of United States Munitions List Items...

48 CFR 225.770-1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... used in this section— (a) Communist Chinese military company and United States Munitions List are defined in the clause at 252.225-7007, Prohibition on Acquisition of United States Munitions List Items...

47. EAST CORNER OF BUILDING 361 (MUNITIONS MAINTENANCE SQUADRON ADMINISTRATION ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

47. EAST CORNER OF BUILDING 361 (MUNITIONS MAINTENANCE SQUADRON ADMINISTRATION BUILDING) IN BASE SPARES AREA. - Loring Air Force Base, Weapons Storage Area, Northeastern corner of base at northern end of Maine Road, Limestone, Aroostook County, ME

Environmental factors affecting corrosion of munitions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bundy, K.; Bricka, M.; Morales, A.

1995-12-31

Spent small arms munitions have accumulated for years at outdoor firing ranges operated by the DoD and other groups. Used bullets are often subjected to moisture sources. There is increasing concern that accumulations of lead-based munitions represent potential sources of water and soil pollution. To understand both the severity of and solutions to this problem, it is necessary to measure how rapidly bullets corrode and to determine the soil variables affecting the process. In this study M16 bullets were buried in samples of soil taken from Louisiana army firing ranges. Four environmental conditions were simulated; rain water, acid rain, seamore » water, and 50% sea water/50% acid rain. The three electrode technique was used to measure the bullet corrosion. Graphite rods served as counter electrodes. A saturated calomel reference electrode was used along with a specially constructed salt bridge. Electrochemical measurements were conducted using a computer-controlled potentiostat to determine corrosion potential, soil resistance, and corrosion current. The rate of corrosion was found to markedly increase with decreasing soil pH and increasing chloride and moisture contents, with the chloride content being the most influential variable. High soil resistance and noble corrosion potential were found to be associated with low corrosion rates. This is important since both parameters can be readily measured in the field.« less

Blast injury from explosive munitions.

PubMed

Cernak, I; Savic, J; Ignjatovic, D; Jevtic, M

1999-07-01

To evaluate the effect of blast in common war injuries. One thousand three hundred and three patients injured by explosive munitions and demonstrating extremity wounds without other penetrating injuries were admitted to the Military Medical Academy in Belgrade between 1991 and 1994. Of these, 665 patients (51%) had symptoms and physical signs that were compatible with the clinical diagnosis of primary blast injury, whereas the remaining 658 patients did not. Random sampling of 65 patients in the blast group during the early posttraumatic period showed statistically significant elevations in blood thromboxane A2 (TxA2), prostacyclin (PGI2), and sulfidopeptide leukotrienes compared with the random sample of 62 patients in the nonblast group. This difference could not be accounted for by differing injury severity between the groups, because the severity of wounds as measured by both the Injury Severity Score and the Red Cross Wound Classification was similar in both groups. Amongst blast patients, 200 patients (30%) had long-term (1 year) symptoms and signs reflecting central nervous system disorders. These symptoms and signs were only sporadically found in 4% of the nonblast patients. These findings indicate that primary blast injury is more common in war injuries than previously thought and that of those affected by blast, a surprisingly high proportion retain long-term neurologic disability. The elevation in eicosanoids could be used to confirm and monitor blast injury. In relation to the immediate management of patients injured by explosive weapons, it follows that particular attention should be paid to the presence and/or development of blast injury. Our findings indicate that blast is more common in war injuries than previously thought. Eicosanoid changes after blast injury suggest that blast injury causes a major physiologic stress. A variety of effects on the central nervous system suggest that blast injury could be responsible for some aspects of what is now

46. SOUTHEAST SIDE ELEVATION OF BUILDING 361 (MUNITIONS MAINTENANCE SQUADRON ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

46. SOUTHEAST SIDE ELEVATION OF BUILDING 361 (MUNITIONS MAINTENANCE SQUADRON ADMINISTRATION BUILDING) IN BASE SPARES AREA. - Loring Air Force Base, Weapons Storage Area, Northeastern corner of base at northern end of Maine Road, Limestone, Aroostook County, ME

40 CFR 266.201 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... FACILITIES Military Munitions § 266.201 Definitions. In addition to the definitions in 40 CFR 260.10, the... service and is being regularly used for range activities. Chemical agents and munitions are defined as in 50 U.S.C. section 1521(j)(1). Director is as defined in 40 CFR 270.2. Explosives or munitions...

40 CFR 266.201 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... FACILITIES Military Munitions § 266.201 Definitions. In addition to the definitions in 40 CFR 260.10, the... service and is being regularly used for range activities. Chemical agents and munitions are defined as in 50 U.S.C. section 1521(j)(1). Director is as defined in 40 CFR 270.2. Explosives or munitions...

40 CFR 266.201 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... FACILITIES Military Munitions § 266.201 Definitions. In addition to the definitions in 40 CFR 260.10, the... service and is being regularly used for range activities. Chemical agents and munitions are defined as in 50 U.S.C. section 1521(j)(1). Director is as defined in 40 CFR 270.2. Explosives or munitions...

40 CFR 266.201 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... FACILITIES Military Munitions § 266.201 Definitions. In addition to the definitions in 40 CFR 260.10, the... service and is being regularly used for range activities. Chemical agents and munitions are defined as in 50 U.S.C. section 1521(j)(1). Director is as defined in 40 CFR 270.2. Explosives or munitions...

Gun Testing Ballistics Issues for Insensitive Munitions Fragment Impact Testing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Baker, Ernest; Schultz, Emmanuel; NATO Munitions Safety Information Analysis Centre Team

2017-06-01

The STANAG 4496 Ed. 1 Fragment Impact, Munitions Test Procedure is normally conducted by gun launching a projectile for attack against a munition. The purpose of this test is to assess the reaction of a munition impacted by a fragment. The test specifies a standardized projectile (fragment) with a standard test velocity of 2530+/-90 m/s, or an alternate test velocity of 1830+/-60 m/s. The standard test velocity can be challenging to achieve and has several loosely defined and undefined characteristics that can affect the test item response. This publication documents the results of an international review of the STANAG 4496 related to the fragment impact test. To perform the review, MSIAC created a questionnaire in conjunction with the custodian of this STANAG and sent it to test centers. Fragment velocity variation, projectile tilt upon impact and aim point variation were identified as observed gun testing issues. Achieving 2530 m/s consistently and cost effectively can be challenging. The aim point of impact of the fragment is chosen with the objective of obtaining the most violent reaction. No tolerance for aim point is specified, although aim point variation can be a source for IM response variation. Fragment tilt on impact is also unspecified. The standard fragment fabricated from a variety of different steels which have a significant margin for mechanical properties. These, as well as other gun testing issues, have significant implications to resulting IM response.

22 CFR 121.2 - Interpretations of the U.S. Munitions List and the Missile Technology Control Regime Annex.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... the Missile Technology Control Regime Annex. 121.2 Section 121.2 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE... Interpretations of the U.S. Munitions List and the Missile Technology Control Regime Annex. The following... Munitions List which are Missile Technology Control Regime Annex items in accordance with section 71(a) of...

22 CFR 121.2 - Interpretations of the U.S. Munitions List and the Missile Technology Control Regime Annex.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... the Missile Technology Control Regime Annex. 121.2 Section 121.2 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE... Interpretations of the U.S. Munitions List and the Missile Technology Control Regime Annex. The following... Munitions List which are Missile Technology Control Regime Annex items in accordance with section 71(a) of...

22 CFR 121.2 - Interpretations of the U.S. Munitions List and the Missile Technology Control Regime Annex.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... the Missile Technology Control Regime Annex. 121.2 Section 121.2 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE... Interpretations of the U.S. Munitions List and the Missile Technology Control Regime Annex. The following... Munitions List which are Missile Technology Control Regime Annex items in accordance with section 71(a) of...

22 CFR 121.2 - Interpretations of the U.S. Munitions List and the Missile Technology Control Regime Annex.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... the Missile Technology Control Regime Annex. 121.2 Section 121.2 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE... Interpretations of the U.S. Munitions List and the Missile Technology Control Regime Annex. The following... Munitions List which are Missile Technology Control Regime Annex items in accordance with section 71(a) of...

A two-stage extraction procedure for insensitive munition (IM) explosive compounds in soils.

PubMed

Felt, Deborah; Gurtowski, Luke; Nestler, Catherine C; Johnson, Jared; Larson, Steven

2016-12-01

The Department of Defense (DoD) is developing a new category of insensitive munitions (IMs) that are more resistant to detonation or promulgation from external stimuli than traditional munition formulations. The new explosive constituent compounds are 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN), nitroguanidine (NQ), and nitrotriazolone (NTO). The production and use of IM formulations may result in interaction of IM component compounds with soil. The chemical properties of these IM compounds present unique challenges for extraction from environmental matrices such as soil. A two-stage extraction procedure was developed and tested using several soil types amended with known concentrations of IM compounds. This procedure incorporates both an acidified phase and an organic phase to account for the chemical properties of the IM compounds. The method detection limits (MDLs) for all IM compounds in all soil types were <5 mg/kg and met non-regulatory risk-based Regional Screening Level (RSL) criteria for soil proposed by the U.S. Army Public Health Center. At defined environmentally relevant concentrations, the average recovery of each IM compound in each soil type was consistent and greater than 85%. The two-stage extraction method decreased the influence of soil composition on IM compound recovery. UV analysis of NTO established an isosbestic point based on varied pH at a detection wavelength of 341 nm. The two-stage soil extraction method is equally effective for traditional munition compounds, a potentially important point when examining soils exposed to both traditional and insensitive munitions. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Air Bursting Munition ABM Medium Calibre Applications

DTIC Science & Technology

2001-04-18

NDIA 45th Annual Fuze Conference - Long Beach, CA - April 16-18, 2001 Folie 1 P2 15548 BB, P-VP/FD/11, © 2001 Oerlikon Contraves AG, Zürich...Switzerland Air Bursting Munition ABM Medium Calibre Applications Allan Buckley & Pierre Freymond Oerlikon Contraves Pyrotec AG CH-8050 Zurich...Project Number Task Number Work Unit Number Performing Organization Name(s) and Address(es) Oerlikon Contraves Pyrotec AG CH-8050 Zurich / Switzerland

Joint Ordnance Test Procedure (JOTP)-010 Safety and Suitability for Service Assessment Testing for Shoulder Launched Munitions

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-05-09

electromagnetic environment for which they are designed to be used. These tests are performed on a powered weapon during simulated normal operation and are...010B SAFETY AND SUITABILITY FOR SERVICE ASSESSMENT TESTING FOR SHOULDER LAUNCHED MUNITIONS Joint Services Munition Safety Test Working Group JOTP...12 6.8 Test Sample Quantities .......................................................... 13 7. PRE- AND POST - TEST INSPECTIONS

Defense Industrial Base (DIB): Munitions Realignment for 2020

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-03-01

munitions DIB by companies like Coca Cola , Quaker Oats, and Eastman Kodak. As industrial mobilization quickly increased, the requirements decreased...Association of Colleges and Schools, 3624 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, (215) 662-5606. The Commission on Higher Education is an institutional...Colleges and Schools, 3624 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, (215) 662-5606. The Commission on Higher Education is an institutional accrediting

Dimensions of operational stress and forms of unacceptable risk taking with small arms and munitions.

PubMed

Ben-Shalom, Uzi

2015-01-01

Accidents with small arms and munitions during deployment is a significant safety concern for leaders and safety specialists in combat units. Operational stress may lead to forms of unacceptable risk taking with small arms that may underlie some of these accidents. The present research studied the correlation between two dimensions of operational stress, two forms of risk taking with small arms among combat unit soldiers and possible mediators. The dimensions of operational threat, negative affect and personality profile from the EPQ-R-S were predictors; "exaggerated preparedness" and "risky games with small arms and munitions" were dependent variables; safety climate of the platoon served as a mediator variable. The participants were 461 compulsory service combat soldiers in 31 companies. This field study was conducted during period of top security alert. The results reveal that perceived threat is indeed correlated with exaggerated operational preparedness whereas general emotional state was correlated with risky games with small arms. Safety climate mediated only the correlation between general emotional state and risky games with small arms and munitions. Preparedness and risky games were predicted by the interaction of Psychoticism and the Lie Scale from the EPQ-R-S. The results may enhance the efforts in reducing risk taking and prevention of accidents with small arms and munitions during and following deployment.

48 CFR 225.1103 - Other provisions and clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

...-7007, Prohibition on Acquisition of United States Munitions List Items from Communist Chinese Military... Munitions List. [68 FR 16526, Mar. 31, 2003, as amended at 71 FR 39006, July 11, 2006; 71 FR 53046, Sept. 8...

48 CFR 225.1103 - Other provisions and clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

...-7007, Prohibition on Acquisition of United States Munitions List Items from Communist Chinese Military... Munitions List. [68 FR 16526, Mar. 31, 2003, as amended at 71 FR 39006, July 11, 2006; 71 FR 53046, Sept. 8...

Dumped Munitions in the Baltic Sea - Evaluation of the Problem

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Beldowski, J.; Jakacki, J.; Vanninen, P.; Lang, T.

2016-12-01

Dumped Chemical Weapons pose an actual environmental and security hazard in the Baltic Sea Region. Their actual position is unknown, and pollution originating from corroded munitions is only roughly estimated. Several research projects were devoted to evaluate the magnitude of the problem. During three international projects, roughly 2000 km2 were surveyed, and more than 200 ROV missions were performed to investigate found objects. . Results suggest that munitions containing CWAs are more scattered on the seafloor than suspected, and previously undocumented dumpsite was discovered in Gdansk Deep. Chemical Warfare Agents (CWA) degradation products were found in the sediments in immediate vicinity of the objects, and sediment pollution was observed even at 40m distance. Analysis of CWA degradation products in the sediments showed widespread contamination in Bornholm Deep area, and more variable pattern of local hotspots in the Gotland and Gdansk Deeps. The latter seem to contain several contaminated areas, which identifies it rather as an unofficial dumping ground than only containing munitions originating from en-route dumping. Bottom currents observed in the dumpsites were strong enough for sediment re-suspension, and contributed to the transport of polluted sediments. Spreading of CWA was modelled using POP3 hydrodynamic model augmented with sediment erosion and benthic boundary layer modules. It follows from the models, that depending on wind conditions, resuspended contaminated sediemnts may remain in the water column for several days up to few weeks, and be transported over the distances up to 15 km. Biomarkers of environmental stress were measured in fish from the dumpsites and caged mussels, and indicated environmental stress in organisms from dumpsites as compared to control. Toxicity of found CWA degradation products was examined in laboratory studies. . Nonetheless, both species showed significantly elevated molecular and cellular level responses at

A miniature disposable radio (MiDR) for unattended ground sensor systems (UGSS) and munitions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wells, Jeffrey S.; Wurth, Timothy J.

2004-09-01

Unattended and tactical sensors are used by the U.S. Army"s Future Combat Systems (FCS) and Objective Force Warrior (OFW) to detect and identify enemy targets on the battlefield. The radios being developed as part of the Networked Sensors for the Objective Force (NSOF) are too costly and too large to deploy in missions requiring throw-away hardware. A low-cost miniature radio is required to satisfy the communication needs for unmanned sensor and munitions systems that are deployed in a disposable manner. A low cost miniature disposable communications suite is leveraged using the commercial off-the-shelf market and employing a miniature universal frequency conversion architecture. Employing the technology of universal frequency architecture in a commercially available communication unit delivers a robust disposable transceiver that can operate at virtually any frequency. A low-cost RF communication radio has applicability in the commercial, homeland defense, military, and other government markets. Specific uses include perimeter monitoring, infrastructure defense, unattended ground sensors, tactical sensors, and border patrol. This paper describes a low-cost radio architecture to meet the requirements of throw-away radios that can be easily modified or tuned to virtually any operating frequency required for the specific mission.

Investigation of a new passive sampler for the detection of munitions compounds in marine and freshwater systems.

PubMed

Warren, Joseph K; Vlahos, Penny; Smith, Richard; Tobias, Craig

2018-07-01

Over the last century, unexploded ordnances have been disposed of in marine shelf systems because of a lack of cost-effective alternatives. Underwater unexploded ordnances have the potential to leak 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), commonly used chemical munitions, and contaminate local waters, biota, and sediments. The rate at which this contamination occurs in the environment is relatively unknown, and the cost- and time-prohibitive nature of sampling across sites makes mapping difficult. In the present study we assessed the efficacy of ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) for sampling relatively soluble munitions compounds over a range of environmental conditions (i.e., changes in temperature and salinity) and optimized the composition of the passive sampling polymer. The EVA sampler was able to successfully detect ambient concentrations of lingering munitions compounds from field sites containing unexploded ordnances. The sampler affinity for the munitions in terms of an EVA-water partition coefficient was greater than the standard octanol water values for each target compound. Partitioning of compounds onto EVA over the natural ranges of salinity did not change significantly, although uptake varied consistently and predictably with temperature. Increasing the vinyl acetate to ethylene ratio of the polymer corresponded to an increase in uptake capacity, consistent with enhanced dipole-dipole interactions between the munitions and the polymer. This sampler provides a cost-effective means to map and track leakage of unexploded ordnances both spatially and temporally. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1990-1997. © 2018 SETAC. © 2018 SETAC.

Evaluation of Impact Damage to the Burster Detonation Vessel Caused by Fragments from a Drained M121A1 Chemical Munition Detonated with an Initiation Charge

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

KIPP, MARLIN E.

2001-12-01

Explosive charges placed on the fuze end of a drained chemical munition are expected to be used as a means to destroy the fuze and burster charges of the munition. Analyses are presented to evaluate the effect of these additional initiation charges on the fragmentation characteristics for the M121A1 155mm chemical munition, modeled with a T244 fuze attached, and to assess the consequences of these fragment impacts on the walls of a containment chamber--the Burster Detonation Vessel. A numerical shock physics code (CTH) is used to characterize the mass and velocity of munition fragments. Both two- and three-dimensional simulations ofmore » the munition have been completed in this study. Based on threshold fragment velocity/mass results drawn from both previous and current analyses, it is determined that under all fragment impact conditions from the munition configurations considered in this study, no perforation of the inner chamber wall will occur, and the integrity of the Burster Detonation Vessel is retained. However, the munition case fragments have sufficient mass and velocity to locally damage the surface of the inner wall of the containment vessel.« less

Waste minimization charges up recycling of spent lead-acid batteries

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Queneau, P.B.; Troutman, A.L.

Substantial strides are being made to minimize waste generated form spent lead-acid battery recycling. The Center for Hazardous Materials Research (Pittsburgh) recently investigated the potential for secondary lead smelters to recover lead from battery cases and other materials found at hazardous waste sites. Primary and secondary lead smelters in the U.S. and Canada are processing substantial tons of lead wastes, and meeting regulatory safeguards. Typical lead wastes include contaminated soil, dross and dust by-products from industrial lead consumers, tetraethyl lead residues, chemical manufacturing by-products, leaded glass, china clay waste, munitions residues and pigments. The secondary lead industry also is developingmore » and installing systems to convert process inputs to products with minimum generation of liquid, solid and gaseous wastes. The industry recently has made substantial accomplishments that minimize waste generation during lead production from its bread and butter feedstock--spent lead-acid batteries.« less

The Political Economy of the Munitions Supply Program

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-05-01

franchisees bid their true costs.47 Third, once supply is forthcoming, the franchisee has an incentive to minimize costs unless the franchiser is known... franchisee skimps on quality. In this regard, the franchiser has an incentive to preserve its “smart customer” capabilities, particularly if bids...term procurement program that sustains a domestic munitions industrial base that consists of a group of government- franchised mo- nopolies contracted

Burns and military clothing.

PubMed

McLean, A D

2001-02-01

Burn injury is a ubiquitous threat in the military environment. The risks during combat are well recognised, but the handling of fuel, oil, munitions and other hot or flammable materials during peacetime deployment and training also imposes an inherent risk of accidental burn injury. Over the last hundred years, the burn threat in combat has ranged from nuclear weapons to small shoulder-launched missiles. Materials such as napalm and white phosphorus plainly present a risk of burn, but the threat extends to encompass personnel in vehicles attacked by anti-armour weapons, large missiles, fuel-air explosives and detonations/conflagrations on weapons platforms such as ships. Large numbers of burn casualties were caused at Pearl Harbor, in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Vietnam, during the Arab/Israeli Wars and in the Falkland Islands conflict. The threat from burns is unlikely to diminish, indeed new developments in weapons seek to exploit the vulnerability of the serviceman and servicewoman to burns. Clothing can be a barrier to some types of burn--both inherently in the properties of the material, but also by trapping air between clothing layers. Conversely, ignition of the clothing may exacerbate a burn. There is hearsay that burnt clothing products within a wound may complicate the clinical management, or that materials that melt (thermoplastic materials) should not be worn if there is a burn threat. This paper explores the incidence of burn injury, the mechanisms of heat transfer to bare skin and skin covered by materials, and the published evidence for the complication of wound management by materials. Even light-weight combat clothing can offer significant protection to skin from short duration flash burns; the most vulnerable areas are the parts of the body not covered--face and hands. Multilayered combat clothing can offer significant protection for short periods from engulfment by flames; lightweight tropical wear with few layers offers little protection. Under

27 CFR 447.21 - The U.S. Munitions Import List.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... vessels and service craft, experimental types of naval ships and any vessels specifically designed or... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 3 2011-04-01 2010-04-01 true The U.S. Munitions Import... specifically designed or modified components therefor. Note: Rifles, carbines, revolvers, and pistols, to...

27 CFR 447.21 - The U.S. Munitions Import List.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... vessels and service craft, experimental types of naval ships and any vessels specifically designed or... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 3 2012-04-01 2010-04-01 true The U.S. Munitions Import... specifically designed or modified components therefor. Note: Rifles, carbines, revolvers, and pistols, to...

LOCATING BURIED WW1 MUNITIONS WITH REMOTE SENSING AND GIS

EPA Science Inventory

During World War I, The American University in Washington D.C. was used by the U.S. Army as an experiment station for the development and testing of a variety of battlefield munitions including chemical weapons such as Mustard Gas, Phosgene, Ricin and Lewisite. After the end of t...

REMOTE SENSING IN DETECTING BURIED MUNITIONS FROM WORLD WAR I

EPA Science Inventory

During World War I, The American University in Washington D.C. was used by the U.S. Army as an experiment station for the development and testing of a variety of battlefield munitions including chemical weapons such as Mustard Gas, Phosgene, Ricin and Lewisite, among othe...

Implementing Classification on a Munitions Response Project

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-12-01

Detection Dig List  IVS/Seed Site Planning Decisions Dig All  Anomalies Site Characterization Implementing Classification on a Munitions Response...Details ● Seed emplacement ● EM61-MK2 detection survey  RTK GPS ● Select anomalies for further investigation ● Collect cued data using MetalMapper...5.2 mV in channel 2  938 anomalies selected ● All QC seeds detected using this threshold  Some just inside the 60-cm halo ● IVS reproducibility

Initial-phase optimization for bioremediation of munition compound-contaminated soils.

PubMed Central

Funk, S B; Roberts, D J; Crawford, D L; Crawford, R L

1993-01-01

We examined the bioremediation of soils contaminated with the munition compounds 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine, and octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetraazocine by a procedure that produced anaerobic conditions in the soils and promoted the biodegradation of nitroaromatic contaminants. This procedure consisted of flooding the soils with 50 mM phosphate buffer, adding starch as a supplemental carbon substrate, and incubating under static conditions. Aerobic heterotrophs, present naturally in the soil or added as an inoculum, quickly removed the oxygen from the static cultures, creating anaerobic conditions. Removal of parent TNT molecules from the soil cultures by the strictly anaerobic microflora occurred within 4 days. The reduced intermediates formed from TNT and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine were removed from the cultures within 24 days, completing the first stage of remediation. The procedure was effective over a range of incubation temperatures, 20 to 37 degrees C, and was improved when 25 mM ammonium was added to cultures buffered with 50 mM potassium phosphate. Ammonium phosphate buffer (50 mM), however, completely inhibited TNT reduction. The optimal pH for the first stage of remediation was between 6.5 and 7.0. When soils were incubated under aerobic conditions or under anaerobic conditions at alkaline pHs, the TNT biodegradation intermediates polymerized. Polymerization was not observed at neutral to slightly acidic pHs under anaerobic conditions. Completion of the first stage of remediation of munition compound-contaminated soils resulted in aqueous supernatants that contained no munition residues or aminoaromatic compounds. PMID:8357251

Fuel-air munition and device

DOEpatents

Carlson, Gary A.

1976-01-01

An aerially delivered fuel-air munition consisting of an impermeable tank filled with a pressurized liquid fuel and joined at its two opposite ends with a nose section and a tail assembly respectively to complete an aerodynamic shape. On impact the tank is explosively ruptured to permit dispersal of the fuel in the form of a fuel-air cloud which is detonated after a preselected time delay by means of high explosive initiators ejected from the tail assembly. The primary component in the fuel is methylacetylene, propadiene, or mixtures thereof to which is added a small mole fraction of a relatively high vapor pressure liquid diluent or a dissolved gas diluent having a low solubility in the primary component.

Munitions having an insensitive detonator system for initiating large failure diameter explosives

DOEpatents

Perry, III, William Leroy

2015-08-04

A munition according to a preferred embodiment can include a detonator system having a detonator that is selectively coupled to a microwave source that functions to selectively prime, activate, initiate, and/or sensitize an insensitive explosive material for detonation. The preferred detonator can include an explosive cavity having a barrier within which an insensitive explosive material is disposed and a waveguide coupled to the explosive cavity. The preferred system can further include a microwave source coupled to the waveguide such that microwaves enter the explosive cavity and impinge on the insensitive explosive material to sensitize the explosive material for detonation. In use the preferred embodiments permit the deployment and use of munitions that are maintained in an insensitive state until the actual time of use, thereby substantially preventing unauthorized or unintended detonation thereof.

Chemical Characterization of Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) Munitions Recrystallization Process Samples.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-10-01

position unless so designated by other aulthorized documents. Disposition Destroy this report when it is no longer needed. Do riot return it to the... DESTRIBUTION LIST ....... ........... ... ................................. -12 rABLES 1. HPLC Analyses of Munitions from DMS0 Recrystallization Process...characterization and identification of any trace organics present in addition to the nitramines. Portions of the two samples, designated as evaporator

Analysis of munitions constituents in groundwater using a field-portable GC-MS.

PubMed

Bednar, A J; Russell, A L; Hayes, C A; Jones, W T; Tackett, P; Splichal, D E; Georgian, T; Parker, L V; Kirgan, R A; MacMillan, D K

2012-05-01

The use of munitions constituents (MCs) at military installations can produce soil and groundwater contamination that requires periodic monitoring even after training or manufacturing activities have ceased. Traditional groundwater monitoring methods require large volumes of aqueous samples (e.g., 2-4 L) to be shipped under chain of custody, to fixed laboratories for analysis. The samples must also be packed on ice and shielded from light to minimize degradation that may occur during transport and storage. The laboratory's turn-around time for sample analysis and reporting can be as long as 45 d. This process hinders the reporting of data to customers in a timely manner; yields data that are not necessarily representative of current site conditions owing to the lag time between sample collection and reporting; and incurs significant shipping costs for samples. The current work compares a field portable Gas Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS) for analysis of MCs on-site with traditional laboratory-based analysis using High Performance Liquid Chromatography with UV absorption detection. The field method provides near real-time (within ~1 h of sampling) concentrations of MCs in groundwater samples. Mass spectrometry provides reliable confirmation of MCs and a means to identify unknown compounds that are potential false positives for methods with UV and other non-selective detectors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Progressing Insensitive Munitions: Benefits and Techniques for Proactively Addressing Environmental Regulations

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-05-01

X Worm Tubifex tubifex X X X Black worm Lumbriculus X Asiatic clam Corbicula fluminea X Estuarine/marine water column Mysid shrimp Americamysis...Objective: Characterize traditional and insensitive munitions (IMs) impacts on amphibian larvae to manage a candidate for T&E status that inhabit

Evaluation of ingredients for the development of new insensitive munitions.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Maharrey, Sean P.; Johnston, Lois A.; Behrens, Richard, Jr.

2004-12-01

Several ingredients being considered by the U.S. Army for the development of new insensitive munitions have been examined. One set of ingredients consists of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-s-triazine (RDX). In this set, the decomposition of the mixture was examined to determine whether adding DNPH to RDX would generate a sufficient quantity of gas to rupture the case of a munition prior to the onset of the rapid reaction of RDX, thus mitigating the violence of reaction. The second set of ingredients consists of three different reduced sensitivity RDX (RS-RDX) powders manufactured by SNPE and Dyno-Nobel. In this set, the objectivemore » was to determine properties of RS-RDX powders that may distinguish them from normal RDX powder and may account for their reduced shock sensitivity. The decomposition reactions and sublimation properties of these materials were examined using two unique instruments: the simultaneous thermogravimetric modulated beam mass spectrometry (STMBMS) instrument and the Fourier Transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometry instrument. These instruments provide the capability to examine the details of decomposition reactions in energetic materials. DNPH does not appear to be a good candidate to mitigate the violence of the RDX reaction in a munition. DNPH decomposes between 170 C and 180 C. When mixed with RDX it decomposes between 155 C and 170 C. It decomposes to form 1,3-dintrobenzene (DNB), ammonia, water and nitrogen. Of these compounds only nitrogen and ammonia are capable of generating high pressures within a munition. When DNPH is mixed with RDX, the DNB formed in the decomposition of DNPH interacts with RDX on the surface of the RDX powder leading to a higher rate of formation of CH2O and N2O. The CH2O is consumed by reaction with DNPH to form 2-methylene-1-(2,4-dintrophenyl)hydrazine. As a result, DNPH does not generate a large quantity of gas that will lead to rupture of a munition case

The Moral and Ethical Implications of Precision-Guided Munitions

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-03-01

are available electronically at the Air University Research Web site http://research .maxwell.af.mil and the AU Press Web site http...aupress.maxwell.af.mil. Disclaimer Opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed or implied within are solely those of the author and do not necessarily...munitions and their relationship with the just-war tradition. The thesis is straightforward. There are moral, social, and political dilemmas

Outdoor dissolution of detonation residues of three insensitive munitions (IM) formulations.

PubMed

Taylor, Susan; Dontsova, Katerina; Walsh, Marianne E; Walsh, Michael R

2015-09-01

We seek to understand the environmental fate of three new insensitive munitions, explosive formulations developed to reduce the incidence of unintended detonations. To this end, we measured the size distribution of residues from low order detonations of IMX 101, IMX 104, and PAX 21-filled munitions and are studying how these three formulations weather and dissolve outdoors. The largest pieces collected from the detonations were centimeter-sized and we studied 12 of these in the outdoors test. We found that the particles break easily and that the dissolution of 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN) is quasi-linear as a function of water volume. DNAN is the matrix and the least soluble major constituent of the three formulations. We used DNAN's linear dissolution rate to estimate the life span of the pieces. Particles ranging in mass from 0.3 to 3.5 g will completely dissolve in 3-21 years given 100 cm y(-1) precipitation rates. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Remote Munitions Deployment from an Unmanned Ground Vehicle

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-08-09

pack in a series of toe lugs. Then the rear of the pack is pushed downward over a novel spring-loaded latch /release mechanism, remaining locked in...Mason, Patrick R. Griffin, Charles E. Dean Page 4 of 5 UNCLASSIFIED developments and testing, it is not secured by a latch /release mechanism...However, the locating tabs act to wedge the pack in place while still allowing it to pull free during launch. Figure 6: Munitions secured and

48 CFR 225.770-1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... used in this section— (a) Communist Chinese military company and United States Munitions List are... from Communist Chinese Military Companies. (b) Component means an item that is useful only when used in...

Genotoxicity of Dyes Present in Colored Smoke Munitions.

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-07-07

Salmonella bacteria with and without S-9 ..... .......... 32 10. Mutagenic activity of Disperse Red 15 in TA-1538 stain of Salmonella bacteria with and...0.50 4 𔃾 4 MNNG 0 05 - . ..... I . ~*- A191 735 GENOTOXICITY OF DYES PRESENT IN COLORED SMOKE MUNITIONS 2/2 I (U) L VELACE BIOMEDICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL...for the Salmonella I mutagenicity test. Mutat. Res. 113:173-215. i Perry, P. and S. wolr. 1974. New gieinsa ineLhod for differential staining I of

The threat at home: Confronting the toxic legacy of the US military

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shulman, S.

1992-01-01

The author, using personal impressions, information from goverment and watchdog agency documents, and interviews with military officers, local elected officials, and residents, produces a comprehensive account of the U.S. military's toxic waste stream.

Depleted uranium instead of lead in munitions: the lesser evil.

PubMed

Jargin, Sergei V

2014-03-01

Uranium has many similarities to lead in its exposure mechanisms, metabolism and target organs. However, lead is more toxic, which is reflected in the threshold limit values. The main potential hazard associated with depleted uranium is inhalation of the aerosols created when a projectile hits an armoured target. A person can be exposed to lead in similar ways. Accidental dangerous exposures can result from contact with both substances. Encountering uranium fragments is of minor significance because of the low penetration depth of alpha particles emitted by uranium: they are unable to penetrate even the superficial keratin layer of human skin. An additional cancer risk attributable to the uranium exposure might be significant only in case of prolonged contact of the contaminant with susceptible tissues. Lead intoxication can be observed in the wounded, in workers manufacturing munitions etc; moreover, lead has been documented to have a negative impact on the intellectual function of children at very low blood concentrations. It is concluded on the basis of the literature overview that replacement of lead by depleted uranium in munitions would be environmentally beneficial or largely insignificant because both lead and uranium are present in the environment.

Arsenic concentrations in Baltic Sea sediments close to chemical munitions dumpsites

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bełdowski, Jacek; Szubska, Marta; Emelyanov, Emelyan; Garnaga, Galina; Drzewińska, Anna; Bełdowska, Magdalena; Vanninen, Paula; Östin, Anders; Fabisiak, Jacek

2016-06-01

In addition to natural sources and land-originated pollution, the Baltic Sea has another anthropogenic source of arsenic in bottom sediments-arsenic-based Chemical Warfare Agents (CWA). To examine the potential usage of arsenic contents results for monitoring the leakage from chemical weapons, sediment samples were collected from officially reported and potential chemical weapon dumpsites located in the Baltic Sea, and total and inorganic arsenic concentrations were analyzed. Results showed an elevated arsenic content in dumpsite areas compared to reference areas. Correlations of arsenic with other metals and organic matter were studied to elucidate any unusual behavior of arsenic in the dumpsites. In the area of the Bornholm Deep, such behavior was observed for inorganic arsenic. It appears that in close vicinity of dumped munitions, the inorganic arsenic concentration of sediments is not correlated with either organic matter content or authigenic minerals formation, as is commonly observed elsewhere. Investigations on CWA concentrations, performed within the CHEMSEA (Chemical Munition Search and Assesment) project, allowed us to compare the results of arsenic concentrations with the occurrence of arsenic-containing CWA.

Versatile Boron Carbide-Based Visual Obscurant Compositions for Smoke Munitions

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-04-17

Versatile Boron Carbide-Based Visual Obscurant Compositions for Smoke Munitions Anthony P. Shaw,*,† Giancarlo Diviacchi,‡ Ernest L. Black,‡ Jared D...have been demonstrated to produce thick white smoke clouds upon combustion. These compositions use powdered boron carbide (B4C) as a pyrotechnic...ignition and are safe to handle. KEYWORDS: Smoke, Obscurants, Pyrotechnics, Boron carbide, Sustainable chemistry ■ INTRODUCTION Visible obscuration

Overview of the laser activities at Rheinmetall Waffe Munition

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ludewigt, Klaus; Riesbeck, Thomas; Schünemann, B.; Graf, A.; Jung, Markus; Schreiber, Th.; Eberhardt, Ramona; Tünnermann, A.

2012-11-01

The paper will give an overview over the laser weapon activities at RWM (Rheinmetall Waffe Munition) over the last years. Starting from the actual scenarios for laser weapon applications as: CRAM (Counter Rocket Artillery Mortar), Air Defence and UXO (unexploded ordnance) clearing. The basic requirements of a future laser weapon as beam diameter, beam quality, tracking capability, adaptive optics were deduced. For the UXO scenario a mobile directed energy laser demonstrator for humanitarian mine and UXO clearing based on fiber lasers is presented. Based on the parameters the system concept including the cooling system, power supply and the integration into the armoured vehicle TM 170 are explained. The contribution show first experiments of UXO and IED clearing. Different technical approaches to achieve laser power in the 100 kW regime combined with very good beam quality are discussed to fulfil the requirements of the CRAM and Air Defence scenario. Spectral coupling and the beam superimposing both are performed by Rheinmetall Waffe Munition. At the spectral coupling the basic technology parameters for the fiber laser and the dielectric grating as the latest results were put into context with the power levels reached at other groups. For the beam super imposing technology the basic experiments regarding the tracking capability and compensation of the atmosphere on the test range at Unterlüß will be explained. A generic 10 kW Laser Weapon Demonstrator based on 2 Laser Weapon Modules (LWM) from RWM each 5 kW fiber Laser with beam forming and tracking integrate by the team of RWM and RAD (Rheinmetall Air Defense) into a Ground based Air Defend system consisting of Skyguard and Millenium turret are presented. The flight path of the UAV within the valley of the life firing range at Ochsenboden Switzerland is shown. Selected results of the successful tests against UAV's are presented. It shows the capability of the generic 10 kW Laser Weapon Demonstrator to track and

ESTCP Munitions Response Live Site Demonstrations, Andersen Air Force Base, Guam

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-04-01

April 2016 Mr. Ryan Steigerwalt Weston Solutions , Inc. Distribution Statement A ESTCP MUNITIONS RESPONSE LIVE SITE...Steigerwalt Weston Solutions , Inc. Version 2 REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this...PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER Weston Solutions 1400 Weston Way West Chester, PA 19380

ESTCP Pilot Program. Classification Approaches in Munitions Response, San Luis Obispo, California

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-05-01

geology. Electromagnetic induction sensors detect ferrous and nonferrous metallic objects and can be effective in geology that challenges...34  5.3  Metal Mapper...correspond to munitions, but rather to other harmless metallic objects or geology: field experience indicates that often in excess of 90% of objects

Evaluation of the metabolic fate of munitions material (TNT & RDX) in plant systems and initial assessment of material interaction with plant genetic material. Validation of the metabolic fate of munitions materials (TNT, RDX) in mature crops

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Fellows, R.J.; Harvey, S.D.; Cataldo, D.A.

1995-09-01

The goals of this effort were to confirm and expand data related to the behavior and impacts of munitions residues upon human food chain components. Plant species employed included corn (Zea mays), alfalfa (Medicago sativa). spinach (Spinacea oleraceae), and carrot (Daucus carota). Plants were grown from seed to maturity (70 to 120 days) in a low-fertility soil (Burbank) amended with either {sup 14}C-TNT or {sup 14}C-RDX at which time they were harvested and analyzed for munitions uptake, partitioning, and chemical form of the munition or munition-metabolite. All four of the plant species used in this study accumulated the {sup 14}C-TNT-more » and RDX-derived label. The carrot, alfalfa, and corn demonstrated a higher percentage of label retained in the roots (62, 73, and 83% respectively). The spinach contained less activity in its root (36%) but also contained the highest TNT specific activity observed (>4600 jig TNT equivalents/g dry wt.). The specific uptake values of RDX for the spinach and alfalfa were comparable to those previously reported for wheat and bean (314 to 590 {mu}g RDX-equivalents/g dry wt. respectively). An exception to this may be the carrot where the specific activity was found to exceed 4200 {mu}g RDX-equivalents/g dry wt. in the shoot. The total accumulation of TNT by the plants ranged from 1.24% for the spinach to 2.34% for the carrot. The RDX plants ranging from 15% for the spinach to 37% for the carrot. There was no identifiable TNT or amino dinitrotoluene (ADNT) isomers present in the plants however, the parent RDX compound was found at significant levels in the shoot of alfalfa (> 1 80 {mu}g/g) and corn (>18 {mu}g/g).« less

Force Provider Solid Waste Characterization Study

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-08-01

energy converter (WEC) and/or composter . For a five-day period in June 2000, the solid waste generated by soldiers at the Force Provider Training Module...MATERIALS REDUCTION WASTE DISPOSAL MILITARY FACILITIES SANITARY ENGINEERING DISPOSAL FORCE PROVIDER FIELD FEEDING COMPOSTS WASTES GARBAGE WASTE RECYCLING...waste reduction through onsite waste-to-energy conversion and/or composting . The work was performed by Hughes Associates, Inc., 3610 Commerce

Characterization of Mg-based bimetal treatment of insensitive munition 2,4-dinitroanisole.

PubMed

Hadnagy, Emese; Mai, Andrew; Smolinski, Benjamin; Braida, Washington; Koutsospyros, Agamemnon

2018-06-16

The manufacturing of insensitive munition 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN) generates waste streams that require treatment. DNAN has been treated previously with zero-valent iron (ZVI) and Fe-based bimetals. Use of Mg-based bimetals offers certain advantages including potential higher reactivity and relative insensitivity to pH conditions. This work reports preliminary findings of DNAN degradation by three Mg-based bimetals: Mg/Cu, Mg/Ni, and Mg/Zn. Treatment of DNAN by all three bimetals is highly effective in aqueous solutions (> 89% removal) and wastewater (> 91% removal) in comparison with treatment solely with zero-valent magnesium (ZVMg; 35% removal). Investigation of reaction byproducts supports a partial degradation pathway involving reduction of the ortho or para nitro to amino group, leading to 2-amino-4-nitroanisole (2-ANAN) and 4-amino-2-nitroanisole (4-ANAN). Further reduction of the second nitro group leads to 2,4-diaminoanisole (DAAN). These byproducts are detected in small quantities in the aqueous phase. Carbon mass balance analysis suggests near-complete closure (91%) with 12.4 and 78.4% of the total organic carbon (TOC) distributed in the aqueous and mineral bimetal phases, respectively. Post-treatment surface mineral phase analysis indicates Mg(OH) 2 as the main oxidized species; oxide formation does not appear to impair treatment.

The Effect of Military Training Activity on Eastern Lupine and the Karner Blue Butterfly at Fort McCoy, Wisconsin, USA

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Smith, Mark A.; Turner, Monica G.; Rusch, Donald H.

2002-01-01

The US Department of Defense (DOD) manages over 10.1 million ha of land, much of which is used for training military personnel. However, vast sections receive little or no use, and military lands have become refuges for many species. At Fort McCoy, Wisconsin, USA, populations of the endangered Karner blue butterfly ( Lycaeides melissa samuelis) are found in oak and pine barren communities where wild lupine ( Lupinus perennis), a perennial forb required by Karner blue butterfly larvae, still occurs. Oak and pine barren communities are disturbance-dependent, and the barrens ecosystems in the Midwest have declined in extent by 98% because of fire suppression, succession, and habitat fragmentation. We studied the effects of disturbance by military manuever training on the density of lupine and Karner blue butterfly at Fort McCoy. We also wanted to determine whether military training activity could enhance Karner blue butterfly habitat. At locations where tracked vehicles had driven through lupine patches, the abundance of lupine and nectar-producing plants was greater in the median strip between vehicle ruts than in vehicle ruts or 5 m outside the vehicle ruts. The proportion of lupine stems with Karner blue butterfly larvae feeding sign (the ratio of stems fed upon to stems examined) was greater in areas where military vehicles had traveled than where they had not. The proportion of lupine stems with feeding sign and lupine stem density was also positively related to the occurrence of prior bivouacs and fires caused by military munitions. Shrub and forest canopy abundance were lower in areas traveled by tracked vehicles. At the scale of the lupine patch, lupine abundance and the proportion of lupine stems with feeding sign were positively correlated with military training activities, suggesting that maintenance of lupine habitat can be achieved in concert with military training.

The effect of military training activity on eastern lupine and the Karner blue butterfly at Fort McCoy, Wisconsin, USA.

PubMed

Smith, Mark A; Turner, Monica G; Rusch, Donald H

2002-01-01

The US Department of Defense (DOD) manages over 10.1 million ha of land, much of which is used for training military personnel. However, vast sections receive little or no use, and military lands have become refuges for many species. At Fort McCoy, Wisconsin, USA, populations of the endangered Karner blue butterfly (Lycaeides melissa samuelis) are found in oak and pine barren communities where wild lupine (Lupinus perennis), a perennial forb required by Karner blue butterfly larvae, still occurs. Oak and pine barren communities are disturbance-dependent, and the barrens ecosystems in the Midwest have declined in extent by 98% because of fire suppression, succession, and habitat fragmentation. We studied the effects of disturbance by military manuever training on the density of lupine and Karner blue butterfly at Fort McCoy. We also wanted to determine whether military training activity could enhance Karner blue butterfly habitat. At locations where tracked vehicles had driven through lupine patches, the abundance of lupine and nectar-producing plants was greater in the median strip between vehicle ruts than in vehicle ruts or 5 m outside the vehicle ruts. The proportion of lupine stems with Karner blue butterfly larvae feeding sign (the ratio of stems fed upon to stems examined) was greater in areas where military vehicles had traveled than where they had not. The proportion of lupine stems with feeding sign and lupine stem density was also positively related to the occurrence of prior bivouacs and fires caused by military munitions. Shrub and forest canopy abundance were lower in areas traveled by tracked vehicles. At the scale of the lupine patch, lupine abundance and the proportion of lupine stems with feeding sign were positively correlated with military training activities, suggesting that maintenance of lupine habitat can be achieved in concert with military training.

US Army Medical Bioengineering Research and Development Laboratory Annual Progress Report for FY 84. Volume 1

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-10-01

develop pollution abatement procedures for Army munition plants and military installations.n, t ftr Laboratory is also actively engaged in the...FACILITIES The physical plant provides over 100,000 square feet for research, development, testing, and administrative activities . Space is...protection of industrial workers and thq surrounding community at Army-controlled, industry-operated munition plants . G Environmental Quality program

Removal rates of dissolved munitions compounds in seawater.

PubMed

Smith, Richard W; Vlahos, Penny; Tobias, Craig; Ballentine, Mark; Ariyarathna, Thivanka; Cooper, Christopher

2013-08-01

The historical exposure of coastal marine systems to munitions compounds is of significant concern due to the global distribution of impacted sites and known toxicological effects of nitroaromatics. In order to identify specific coastal regions where persistence of these chemicals should be of concern, it is necessary to experimentally observe their behavior under a variety of realistic oceanographic conditions. Here, we conduct a mesocosm scale pulse addition experiment to document the behavior of two commonly used explosives, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) in simulated marine systems containing water and sediments collected from Long Island Sound, CT. The addition of sediments and sediment grain-size had a major influence on the loss rates of all compounds detected. RDX and reduced TNT products were removed from seawater only in the presence of sediment, and TNT degraded significantly faster in the presence of sediment. Both compounds were removed from the system faster with decreasing grain-size. Based on these findings and a thorough review of the literature, we hypothesize that in addition to bacterial abundance and nutrient availability, TNT removal rates in coastal marine waters may be controlled by sorption and rapid surface-mediated bacterial transformation, while RDX removal rates are controlled by diffusion into sedimentary anoxic regions and subsequent anaerobic bacterial breakdown. A comparison of published removal rates of RDX and TNT highlights the extreme variability in measured degradation rates and identifies physicochemical variables that covary with the breakdown of these munitions compounds. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Enhancing Energy in Future Conventional Munition

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Peiris, Suhithi

2017-06-01

Future conventional weapons are envisioned to contain more energy per volume than current weapons. Current weapons comprise of inert steel outer case, with inner volume for energetic materials, fuzing, sensor package, propulsion system, etc. Recent research on reactive materials (RM) & new energetics, and exploiting additive manufacturing can optimize the use of both mass and volume to achieve much higher energy in future weapons. For instance, replacing inert steel with RM of similar strength, additively manufacturing fuzing packages within the weapon form factor, and combing the whole with new energetics, will enable the same lethality effects from smaller weapons as obtained from today's larger weapons. This paper will elaborate on reactive materials and properties necessary for optimal utilization in various weapon features, and touch on other aspects of enhancing energy in future conventional munition.

Remediating munitions-contaminated soil with zerovalent iron and cationic surfactants.

PubMed

Park, J; Comfort, S D; Shea, P J; Machacek, T A

2004-01-01

Soils contaminated from military operations often contain mixtures of HMX (octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine), RDX (hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine), and TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene) rather than a single explosive. Differences among explosives in solubility and reactivity make developing a single remediation treatment difficult. When Fe(0) was used to treat a munitions-contaminated soil, we observed high rates of destruction for RDX and TNT (98%) but not HMX. Our objective was to determine if HMX destruction by Fe(0) could be enhanced by increasing HMX solubility by physical (temperature) or chemical (surfactants) means. To determine electron acceptor preference, we treated RDX and HMX with Fe(0) in homogeneous solutions and binary mixtures. Increasing aqueous temperature (20 to 55 degrees C) increased HMX solubility (2 to 22 mg L(-1)) but did not increase destruction by Fe(0) in a contaminated soil slurry that also contained RDX and TNT. Batch experiments using equal molar concentrations of RDX and HMX demonstrated that RDX was preferentially reduced over HMX by Fe(0). By testing various surfactants, we found that the cationic surfactants (HDTMA [hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide], didecyl, and didodecyl) were most effective in increasing HMX concentration in solution. Didecyl and HDTMA were also found to be highly effective in facilitating the transformation of HMX by Fe(0). Using HDTMA or didecyl solutions (3%, w/v) containing solid-phase HMX, we observed that 100% of the added HMX was transformed by Fe(0) in the didecyl matrix and 60% in the HDTMA matrix. These results indicate that cationic surfactants can increase HMX solubility and facilitate Fe(0)-mediated transformation kinetics but HMX destruction rates will be slowed when RDX is present.

77 FR 30365 - Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement: Report on Waiver of Prohibition on Acquisition...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-22

... Chinese Military Companies (DFARS Case 2012-D023) AGENCY: Defense Acquisition Regulations System... of the prohibition on acquisition of United States Munitions List items from Communist Chinese... List items from Communist Chinese military companies. The prior requirement was for a report within 30...

41 CFR 109-42.1102-8 - United States Munitions List items which require demilitarization.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... AND CERTAIN CATEGORIES OF PROPERTY 42.11-Special Types of Hazardous Material and Certain Categories of... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false United States Munitions... Property Management Federal Property Management Regulations System (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY...

41 CFR 109-42.1102-8 - United States Munitions List items which require demilitarization.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... AND CERTAIN CATEGORIES OF PROPERTY 42.11-Special Types of Hazardous Material and Certain Categories of... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false United States Munitions... Property Management Federal Property Management Regulations System (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY...

Defining Munition Constituent (MC) Source Terms in Aquatic Environments on DoD Ranges

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-01-01

Civil Engineering and Mechanics 5622 Hull Street University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee San Diego, CA 92152–5001...release. SSC Pacific San Diego, CA 92152-5001 Technical Report 1999 January 2013 Defining Munition Constituent (MC) Source...Wisconsin-Milwaukee Approved for public release. SSC Pacific San Diego, CA 92152-5001 SB SSC Pacific San Diego

Biotransformation and Degradation of the Insensitive Munitions Compound, 3-Nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one, by Soil Bacterial Communities.

PubMed

Krzmarzick, Mark J; Khatiwada, Raju; Olivares, Christopher I; Abrell, Leif; Sierra-Alvarez, Reyes; Chorover, Jon; Field, James A

2015-05-05

Insensitive munitions (IM) are a new class of explosives that are increasingly being adopted by the military. The ability of soil microbial communities to degrade IMs is relatively unknown. In this study, microbial communities from a wide range of soils were tested in microcosms for their ability to degrade the IM, 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO). All seven soil inocula tested were able to readily reduce NTO to 3-amino-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (ATO) via 3-hydroxyamino-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (HTO), under anaerobic conditions with H2 as an electron donor. Numerous other electron donors were shown to be suitable for NTO-reducing bacteria. The addition of a small amount of yeast extract (10 mg/L) was critical to diminish lag times and increased the biotransformation rate of NTO in nearly all cases indicating yeast extract provided important nutrients for NTO-reducing bacteria. The main biotransformation product, ATO, was degradable only in aerobic conditions, as evidenced by a rise in the inorganic nitrogen species nitrite and nitrate, indicative of nitrogen-mineralization. NTO was nonbiodegradable in aerobic microcosms with all soil inocula.

Optimizing Terminal Conditions Using Geometric Guidance for Low-Control Authority Munitions

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-06-01

Lowest altitude allowable for maximum canard deflection per unit of acceleration constant hT δ g Canard deflection per unit of acceleration transition...target within that range window in less than five minutes from time of fire [17]. The launch platform can supply the munition with some preflight...linear 7. The information supplied by the onboard navigation system has no errors 8. The control system is always able to generate the exact amount

Application of POCIS for exposure assessment of munitions constituents during constant and fluctuating exposure.

PubMed

Belden, Jason B; Lotufo, Guilherme R; Biedenbach, James M; Sieve, Kristal K; Rosen, Gunther

2015-05-01

The present study examined the potential use of polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) for exposure assessment of munitions constituents, including 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), and their breakdown products (aminodinitrotoluenes [ADNTs], diaminonitrotoluenes [DANTs], and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitroso-1,3,5-triazine [TNX]). Loss of munitions constituents from the sorbent phase after uptake was observed for the "pesticide" POCIS configuration but not for the "pharmaceutical" configuration. Therefore, the latter was selected for further investigation. Under constant exposure conditions, TNT, ADNTs, DANT, RDX, and atrazine (a common environmental contaminant) accumulated at a linear rate for at least 14 d, with sampling rates between 34 mL/d and 215 mL/d. When POCIS were exposed to fluctuating concentrations, analyte accumulation values were similar to values found during constant exposure, indicating that the sampler was indeed integrative. In contrast, caffeine (a common polar contaminant) and TNX did not accumulate at a linear rate and had a reduction in accumulation of greater than 50% on the POCIS during fluctuating exposures, demonstrating that POCIS did not sample those chemicals in an integrative manner. Moreover, in a flow-through microcosm containing the explosive formulation Composition B, TNT and RDX were readily measured using POCIS, despite relatively high turnover rates and thus reduced water concentrations. Mean water concentrations estimated from POCIS were ± 37% of mean water concentrations measured by traditional grab sample collection. Thus, POCIS were found to have high utility for quantifying exposure to most munitions constituents evaluated (TNT, ADNTs, and RDX) and atrazine. © 2014 SETAC.

The microbial composition and metabolic potential of the ovine rumen

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The rumen is efficient at biotransforming nitroaromatic explosive compounds, such as TNT, RDX, and HMX, which have been used widely in US military munitions. These compounds are present in > 4,000 military items, from large bombs to very small igniters. However, their manufacturing processes have g...

Environmental Support Specialist, Block V, 17-6. Military Curriculum Materials for Vocational and Technical Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ohio State Univ., Columbus. National Center for Research in Vocational Education.

This military-developed text contains the third section of a four-part course to train environmental support specialists. Covered in the individual sections are field sanitation, classes and sources of waste, composition and characteristics of sewage, principles of sewage treatment, primary waste treatment, secondary waste treatment, tertiary…

Beryllium surface levels in a military ammunition plant.

PubMed

Sanderson, Wayne T; Leonard, Stephanie; Ott, Darrin; Fuortes, Laurence; Field, William

2008-07-01

This study evaluated the presence of beryllium surface contamination in a U.S. conventional munitions plant as an indicator of possible past beryllium airborne and skin exposure and used these measurements to classify job categories by potential level of exposure. Surface samples were collected from production and nonproduction areas of the plant and at regional industrial reference sites with no known history of beryllium use. Surface samples of premoistened wiping material were analyzed for beryllium mass content using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) and results expressed as micrograms of beryllium per 100 square centimeters (micro g/100 cm(2)). Beryllium was detected in 87% of samples collected at the munitions plant and in 72% of the samples collected at regional reference sites. Two munitions plant samples from areas near sanders and grinders were above 3.0 micro g/100 cm(2) (U.S. Department of Energy surface contamination limit). The highest surface level found at the reference sites was 0.44 micro g/100 cm(2). Workers in areas where beryllium-containing alloy tools were sanded or ground, but not other work areas, may have been exposed to airborne beryllium concentrations above levels encountered in other industries where metal work is conducted. Surface sampling provided information useful for categorizing munitions plant jobs by level of past beryllium airborne and skin exposure and, subsequently, for identifying employees within exposure strata to be screened for beryllium sensitization.

Post-traumatic stress disorder in adult victims of cluster munitions in Lebanon: a 10-year longitudinal study

PubMed Central

Fares, Jawad; Gebeily, Souheil; Saad, Mohamad; Harati, Hayat; Nabha, Sanaa; Said, Najwane; Kanso, Mohamad; Abdel Rassoul, Ronza; Fares, Youssef

2017-01-01

Objective This study aims to explore the short-term and long-term prevalence and effects of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among victims of cluster munitions. Design and setting A prospective 10-year longitudinal study that took place in Lebanon. Participants Two-hundred-and-forty-four Lebanese civilian victims of submunition blasts, who were injured in 2006 and were over 18 years old, were interviewed. Included were participants who had been diagnosed with PTSD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5) and the PTSD Checklist - Civilian Version in 2006. Interviewees were present for the 10-year follow-up. Main outcome measures PTSD prevalence rates of participants in 2006 and 2016 were compared. Analysis of the demographical data pertaining to the association of long-term PTSD with other variables was performed. p Values <0.05 were considered statistically significant for all analyses (95% CI). Results All the 244 civilians injured by cluster munitions in 2006 responded, and were present for long-term follow-up in 2016. The prevalence of PTSD decreased significantly from 98% to 43% after 10 years (p<0.001). A lower long-term prevalence was significantly associated with male sex (p<0.001), family support (p<0.001) and religion (p<0.001). Hospitalisation (p=0.005) and severe functional impairment (p<0.001) post-trauma were significantly associated with increased prevalence of long-term PTSD. Symptoms of negative cognition and mood were more common in the long run. In addition, job instability was the most frequent socioeconomic repercussion among the participants (88%). Conclusions Psychological symptoms, especially PTSD, remain high in war-affected populations many years after the war; this is particularly evident for Lebanese civilians who were victimised by cluster munitions. Screening programmes and psychological interventions need to be implemented in vulnerable populations exposed to war traumas

40 CFR 265.1202 - Closure and post-closure care.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

..., STORAGE, AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES Hazardous Waste Munitions and Explosives Storage § 265.1202 Closure and... as long as it remains in service as a munitions or explosives magazine or storage unit. (b) If, after...

40 CFR 265.1202 - Closure and post-closure care.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

..., STORAGE, AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES Hazardous Waste Munitions and Explosives Storage § 265.1202 Closure and... as long as it remains in service as a munitions or explosives magazine or storage unit. (b) If, after...

40 CFR 264.1202 - Closure and post-closure care.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... FACILITIES Hazardous Waste Munitions and Explosives Storage § 264.1202 Closure and post-closure care. (a) At... it remains in service as a munitions or explosives magazine or storage unit. (b) If, after removing...

40 CFR 265.1202 - Closure and post-closure care.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

..., STORAGE, AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES Hazardous Waste Munitions and Explosives Storage § 265.1202 Closure and... as long as it remains in service as a munitions or explosives magazine or storage unit. (b) If, after...

40 CFR 264.1202 - Closure and post-closure care.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... FACILITIES Hazardous Waste Munitions and Explosives Storage § 264.1202 Closure and post-closure care. (a) At... it remains in service as a munitions or explosives magazine or storage unit. (b) If, after removing...

40 CFR 264.1202 - Closure and post-closure care.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... FACILITIES Hazardous Waste Munitions and Explosives Storage § 264.1202 Closure and post-closure care. (a) At... it remains in service as a munitions or explosives magazine or storage unit. (b) If, after removing...

40 CFR 264.1202 - Closure and post-closure care.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... FACILITIES Hazardous Waste Munitions and Explosives Storage § 264.1202 Closure and post-closure care. (a) At... it remains in service as a munitions or explosives magazine or storage unit. (b) If, after removing...

40 CFR 265.1202 - Closure and post-closure care.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

..., STORAGE, AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES Hazardous Waste Munitions and Explosives Storage § 265.1202 Closure and... as long as it remains in service as a munitions or explosives magazine or storage unit. (b) If, after...

The UXO Classification Demonstration at the Former Camp Butner, NC

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-07-01

Symposium and Workshop, Technical Session 2D: Classification Methods for Military Munitions Response. 1 December 2010. [49] Pasion , L. Personal...Communication. 15 June 2011. [50] Pasion , L. “Practical Strategies for UXO Discrimination: Camp Butner Analysis.” ESTCP Munitions Management In-Progress...Review. 9 February 2011. [51] Pasion , L., et al. “UXO Discrimination Using Full Coverage and Cued Interrogation Data Sets at Camp Butner, NC.” Partners

Applications of Capstone depleted uranium aerosol risk data to military combat risk management.

PubMed

Daxon, Eric G; Parkhurst, Mary Ann; Melanson, Mark A; Roszell, Laurie E

2009-03-01

Risks to personnel engaged in military operations include not only the threat of enemy firepower but also risks from exposure to other hazards such as radiation. Combatant commanders of the U.S. Army carefully weigh risks of casualties before implementing battlefield actions using an established paradigm that takes these risks into consideration. As a result of the inclusion of depleted uranium (DU) anti-armor ammunition in the conventional (non-nuclear) weapons arsenal, the potential for exposure to DU aerosols and its associated chemical and radiological effects becomes an element of the commanders' risk assessment. The Capstone DU Aerosol Study measured the range of likely DU oxide aerosol concentrations created inside a combat vehicle perforated with a DU munition, and the Capstone Human Health Risk Assessment (HHRA) estimated the associated doses and calculated risks. This paper focuses on the development of a scientific approach to adapt the risks from DU's non-uniform dose distribution within the body using the current U.S. Department of Defense radiation risk management approach. The approach developed equates the Radiation Exposure Status categories to the estimated radiological risks of DU and makes use of the Capstone-developed Renal Effects Group as a measure of chemical risk from DU intake. Recommendations are provided for modifying Army guidance and policy in order to better encompass the potential risks from DU aerosol inhalation during military operations.

Analysis of munitions constituents in IMX formulations by HPLC and HPLC-MS.

PubMed

Russell, A L; Seiter, J M; Coleman, J G; Winstead, B; Bednar, A J

2014-10-01

The use of Insensitive Munitions eXplosives (IMX) is increasing as the Army seeks to replace certain conventional munitions constituents, such as 2,4,6-trinitrotolene (TNT), for improved safety. The IMX formulations are more stable and therefore less prone to accidental detonation while designed to match the performance of legacy materials. Two formulations, IMX 101 and 104 are being investigated as a replacement for TNT in artillery rounds and composition B Army mortars, respectively. The chemical formulations of IMX-101 and 104 are comprised of four constituents;2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN), 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO), 1-nitroguanidine (NQ), and Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) which are mixed in various ratios to achieve the desired performance. The current work details the analysis of the IMX constituents by single column HPLC-UV-ESI-MS. Detection limits determined are in agreement with similar HPLC analysis of compounds, ranging from 7 to 9μg/L. Gradient mobile phases are used to allow separation of the 4 target compounds in more complex mixture of other concomitant compounds. Mass spectra are used to confirm analyte identity with chromatographic retention time. Published by Elsevier B.V.

FUDS Military Munitions Response Program

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-06-01

supporting decision rules - Phytoremediation of Arsenic -Advanced EMI and Multi-component Sensors (4 types) -Advanced Anomaly Classifications (4 types...Culebra, PR  Frankford Arsenal , PA  Orlando Range and Chemical Yard, FL  Pinecastle Jeep Range, FL  Spring Valley, DC  Waikoloa Maneuver

Munitions Executive Summit 2010 Held in San Diego, California on February 8-10, 2010

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-02-10

INDUSTRIAL CAPABILITIES · Mr. Dick Hammett , President, Winchester Ammunition AMMUNITION ENTERPRISE CROSS SERVICE PANEL PANEL CHAIR: BG Jonathan...complacency 7 Aligning Commercial Industrial Capabilities with Munitions Requirements & Resources Dick Hammett , President, Winchester Ammunition...Immature – Quantum Dot FPAs maturing – Devices have been demonstrated under less than optimal conditions – Measured results equate to less than 0.1

JPRS Report, Soviet Union, Foreign Military Review, No. 2, February 1988

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-08-05

polyurethane foam . The engine and transmission compartment is located in the front part of the hull. The eight-cylinder engine is connected with a...more effective land- based systems including MLRS and in the future the ATACMS missiles (it is planned to launch them from existing and future MLRS... ATACMS missiles, Skeet & TGSM precision-guidance munitions SADARM and TGSM precis ion-guidance munitions PLSS recon- attack system, MLRS, F-4G

Application of composite materials to impact-insensitive munitions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Neradka, Vincent F.; Chang, Yale; Grady, Joseph E.; Trowbridge, Daniel A.

1992-01-01

An approach is outlined for developing bullet-impact-insensitive munitions based on composite materials that provide rapid venting of the rocket-motor case. Impact experiments are conducted with test specimens of hybrid laminates of graphite/epoxy and epoxy reinforcing with woven glass fibers. The dynamic strain response and initial impact force are measured with strain gauges, and perforation damage is examined in the plates. The results show that impact damage can be designed by means of parametric variations of the fiber, matrix, and ply orientations. It is suggested that rocket-motor cases can be designed with composite materials to provide rapid venting during the failure mode. The experimental ballistic testing performed provides data that can be used comparatively with analytical data on composite materials.

Munitions and Explosives of Concern Survey Methodology and In-field Testing for Wind Energy Areas on the Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

DuVal, C.; Carton, G.; Trembanis, A. C.; Edwards, M.; Miller, J. K.

2017-12-01

Munitions and explosives of concern (MEC) are present in U.S. waters as a result of past and ongoing live-fire testing and training, combat operations, and sea disposal. To identify MEC that may pose a risk to human safety during development of offshore wind facilities on the Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf (OCS), the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) is preparing to develop guidance on risk analysis and selection processes for methods and technologies to identify MEC in Wind Energy Areas (WEA). This study developed a process for selecting appropriate technologies and methodologies for MEC detection using a synthesis of historical research, physical site characterization, remote sensing technology review, and in-field trials. Personnel were tasked with seeding a portion of the Delaware WEA with munitions surrogates, while a second group of researchers not privy to the surrogate locations tested and optimized the selected methodology to find and identify the placed targets. This in-field trial, conducted in July 2016, emphasized the use of multiple sensors for MEC detection, and led to further guidance for future MEC detection efforts on the Atlantic OCS. An April 2017 follow on study determined the fate of the munitions surrogates after the Atlantic storm season had passed. Using regional hydrodynamic models and incorporating the recommendations from the 2016 field trial, the follow on study examined the fate of the MEC and compared the findings to existing research on munitions mobility, as well as models developed as part of the Office of Naval Research Mine-Burial Program. Focus was given to characterizing the influence of sediment type on surrogate munitions behavior and the influence of mophodynamics and object burial on MEC detection. Supporting Mine-Burial models, ripple bedforms were observed to impede surrogate scour and burial in coarse sediments, while surrogate burial was both predicted and observed in finer sediments. Further, incorporation of

Longitudinal interactions of pain and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in U.S. Military service members following blast exposure.

PubMed

Stratton, Kelcey J; Clark, Shaunna L; Hawn, Sage E; Amstadter, Ananda B; Cifu, David X; Walker, William C

2014-10-01

Military personnel returning from conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan often endorse pain and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, either separately or concurrently. Associations between pain and PTSD symptoms may be further complicated by blast exposure from explosive munitions. Although many studies have reported on the prevalence and disability associated with polytraumatic injuries following combat, less is known about symptom maintenance over time. Accordingly, this study examined longitudinal interactive models of co-occurring pain and PTSD symptoms in a sample of 209 military personnel (mean age = 27.4 years, standard deviation = 7.6) who experienced combat-related blast exposure. Autoregressive cross-lagged analysis examined longitudinal associations between self-reported pain and PTSD symptoms over a 1-year period. The best-fitting covariate model indicated that pain and PTSD were significantly associated with one another across all assessment periods, χ² (3) = 3.66, P = .30, Tucker-Lewis index = .98, comparative fit index = 1.00, root mean squared error of approximation = .03. PTSD symptoms had a particularly strong influence on subsequent pain symptoms. The relationship between pain and PTSD symptoms is related to older age, race, and traumatic brain injury characteristics. Results further the understanding of complex injuries among military personnel and highlight the need for comprehensive assessment and rehabilitation efforts addressing the interdependence of pain and co-occurring mental health conditions. This longitudinal study demonstrates that pain and PTSD symptoms strongly influence one another and interact across time. These findings have the potential to inform the integrative assessment and treatment of military personnel with polytrauma injuries and who are at risk for persistent deployment-related disorders. Published by Elsevier Inc.

2007 Armaments Technology Seminar and Exhibition - Joint Munitions and Lethality Life Cycle Management Command

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-06-13

MTOP APS LOS-KE TBX Ceramic Barrel Novel Energetic Materials for the Future Force Multimode HPM and Laser Induced Plasma Channel Technology T Force...in one item • Enhanced incendiary device • Replacement of environmentally unfriendly materials • Insensitive munitions compliance 12 Pyrotechnics...simulators • Pocket sized hand held signals • Replacement of environmentally unfriendly materials • Improve pyrotechnic characteristics with nanotechnologies

Military Wastes-to-Energy Applications,

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-11-01

and silvicultural resources of several tree species . Aquaculture uses kelp and other plant species . Energy-rich organic wastes and residue are from...dry tons/year would require about 20,000 to 50,000 acres depending on tree species , culitivation method, land conditions, and other factors...recommendations for specific sites. For example, tree species selection information are not adequate to determine whether a particular specie would be

Post-traumatic stress disorder in adult victims of cluster munitions in Lebanon: a 10-year longitudinal study.

PubMed

Fares, Jawad; Gebeily, Souheil; Saad, Mohamad; Harati, Hayat; Nabha, Sanaa; Said, Najwane; Kanso, Mohamad; Abdel Rassoul, Ronza; Fares, Youssef

2017-08-18

This study aims to explore the short-term and long-term prevalence and effects of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among victims of cluster munitions. A prospective 10-year longitudinal study that took place in Lebanon. Two-hundred-and-forty-four Lebanese civilian victims of submunition blasts, who were injured in 2006 and were over 18 years old, were interviewed. Included were participants who had been diagnosed with PTSD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5) and the PTSD Checklist - Civilian Version in 2006. Interviewees were present for the 10-year follow-up. PTSD prevalence rates of participants in 2006 and 2016 were compared. Analysis of the demographical data pertaining to the association of long-term PTSD with other variables was performed. p Values <0.05 were considered statistically significant for all analyses (95% CI). All the 244 civilians injured by cluster munitions in 2006 responded, and were present for long-term follow-up in 2016. The prevalence of PTSD decreased significantly from 98% to 43% after 10 years (p<0.001). A lower long-term prevalence was significantly associated with male sex (p<0.001), family support (p<0.001) and religion (p<0.001). Hospitalisation (p=0.005) and severe functional impairment (p<0.001) post-trauma were significantly associated with increased prevalence of long-term PTSD. Symptoms of negative cognition and mood were more common in the long run. In addition, job instability was the most frequent socioeconomic repercussion among the participants (88%). Psychological symptoms, especially PTSD, remain high in war-affected populations many years after the war; this is particularly evident for Lebanese civilians who were victimised by cluster munitions. Screening programmes and psychological interventions need to be implemented in vulnerable populations exposed to war traumas. Officials and public health advocates should consider the socioeconomic implications, and

Determining Detection and Classification Potential of Munitions using Advanced EMI Sensors in the Underwater Environment

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-11-01

focuses on characterizing Electromagnetic Induction (EMI) responses in the underwater setting through numerical and experimental studies with the...marine EMI sensing. 15. SUBJECT TERMS Munitions Response, Electromagnetic Induction, Unexploded Ordnance, Classification 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION...using Advanced EMI Sensors in the Underwater Environment.” The project focuses on characterizing Electromagnetic Induction (EMI) responses in the

Review and Synthesis of Evidence Regarding Environmental Risks Posed by Munitions Constituents (MC) in Aquatic Systems

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-10-31

default. Cover Image: Munitions response diver approaching an unexploded 1,000 pound General Purpose Bomb at Bahia Salina del Sur (Island of Vieques, PR...30 4.4 Isla de Vieques bombing range (PR, USA...Isla de Vieques Bombing Range site (PR)................................................................ 46 5.2.2 Halifax Harbor (Halifax, Canada

An integrated theoretical and experimental investigation of insensitive munition compounds adsorption on cellulose, cellulose triacetate, chitin and chitosan surfaces.

PubMed

Gurtowski, Luke A; Griggs, Chris S; Gude, Veera G; Shukla, Manoj K

2018-02-01

This manuscript reports results of combined computational chemistry and batch adsorption investigation of insensitive munition compounds, 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN), triaminotrinitrobenzene (TATB), 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethene (FOX-7) and nitroguanidine (NQ), and traditional munition compound 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) on the surfaces of cellulose, cellulose triacetate, chitin and chitosan biopolymers. Cellulose, cellulose triacetate, chitin and chitosan were modeled as trimeric form of the linear chain of 4 C 1 chair conformation of β-d-glucopyranos, its triacetate form, β-N-acetylglucosamine and D-glucosamine, respectively, in the 1➔4 linkage. Geometries were optimized at the M062X functional level of the density functional theory (DFT) using the 6-31G(d,p) basis set in the gas phase and in the bulk water solution using the conductor-like polarizable continuum model (CPCM) approach. The nature of potential energy surfaces of the optimized geometries were ascertained through the harmonic vibrational frequency analysis. The basis set superposition error (BSSE) corrected interaction energies were obtained using the 6-311G(d,p) basis set at the same theoretical level. The computed BSSE in the gas phase was used to correct interaction energy in the bulk water solution. Computed and experimental results regarding the ability of considered surfaces in adsorbing the insensitive munitions compounds are discussed. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Skin penetration surrogate for the evaluation of less lethal kinetic energy munitions.

PubMed

Bir, Cynthia A; Resslar, Marianne; Stewart, Shelby

2012-07-10

Although the benefits of the use of less lethal kinetic energy munitions are numerous, there is a need to evaluate the munitions prior to deployment to ensure their intended effect. The objective of the current research was to validate a surrogate that could be used to predict the risk of penetration of these devices. Existing data from biomechanical testing with post-mortem human specimens (PMHS) served as the foundation for this research. Development of the surrogate involved simulating the various layers of the skin and underlying soft tissues using a combination of materials. A standardized 12-gauge impactor was used to assess each combination. The energy density that resulted in a 50% risk of penetration for the anterior thorax region (23.99 J/cm(2)) from the previous research was matched using a specific combination of layers. Twelve various combinations of materials were tested with the 50% risk of penetration determined. The final validated surrogate consisted of a Laceration Assessment Layer (LAL) of natural chamois and .6 cm of closed-cell foam over a Penetration Assessment Layer (PAL) of 20% ordnance gelatin. This surrogate predicted a 50% risk of penetration at 23.88 J/cm(2). Injury risk curves for the PMHS and surrogate development work are presented. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Interactions between ingredients in IMX-101: Reactive Chemical Processes Control Insensitive Munitions Properties

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Maharrey, Sean P.; Wiese-Smith, Deneille; Highley, Aaron M.

2014-03-01

Simultaneous Thermogravimetric Modulated Beam Mass Spectrometry (STMBMS) measurements have been conducted on a new Insensitive Munitions (IM) formulation. IMX-101 is the first explosive to be fully IM qualified under new NATO STANAG guidelines for fielded munitions. The formulation uses dinitroanisole (DNAN) as a new melt cast material to replace TNT, and shows excellent IM performance when formulated with other energetic ingredients. The scope of this work is to explain this superior IM performance by investigating the reactive processes occurring in the material when subjected to a well-controlled thermal environment. The dominant reactive processes observed were a series of complex chemicalmore » interactions between the three main ingredients (DNAN, NQ, and NTO) that occurs well below the onset of the normal decomposition process of any of the individual ingredients. This process shifts the thermal response of the formulations to a much lower temperature, where the kinetically controlled reaction processes are much slower. This low temperature shift has the effect of allowing the reactions to consume the reactive solids (NQ, NTO) well before the reaction rates increase and reach thermal runaway, resulting in a relatively benign response to the external stimuli. The main findings on the interaction processes are presented.« less

77 FR 25944 - Amendment to the International Traffic in Arms Regulations: Revision of U.S. Munitions List...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-02

... broadly controls, ``Any other explosive not elsewhere identified in this category specifically designed... State. ACTION: Proposed rule. SUMMARY: As part of the President's Export Control Reform effort, the... the U.S. Munitions List (USML) to describe more precisely the articles warranting control on the USML...

Penetrating injury to the chest by an attenuated energy projectile: a case report and literature review of thoracic injuries caused by "less-lethal" munitions

PubMed Central

Rezende-Neto, Joao; Silva, Fabriccio DF; Porto, Leonardo BO; Teixeira, Luiz C; Tien, Homer; Rizoli, Sandro B

2009-01-01

We present the case of a patient who sustained a penetrating injury to the chest caused by an attenuated energy rubber bullet and review the literature on thoracic injuries caused by plastic and rubber "less-lethal" munitions. The patient of this report underwent a right thoracotomy to extract the projectile as well as a wedge resection of the injured lung parenchyma. This case demonstrates that even supposedly safe riot control munition fired at close range, at the torso, can provoke serious injury. Therefore a thorough investigation and close clinical supervision are justified. PMID:19555511

Penetrating injury to the chest by an attenuated energy projectile: a case report and literature review of thoracic injuries caused by "less-lethal" munitions.

PubMed

Rezende-Neto, Joao; Silva, Fabriccio Df; Porto, Leonardo Bo; Teixeira, Luiz C; Tien, Homer; Rizoli, Sandro B

2009-06-26

We present the case of a patient who sustained a penetrating injury to the chest caused by an attenuated energy rubber bullet and review the literature on thoracic injuries caused by plastic and rubber "less-lethal" munitions. The patient of this report underwent a right thoracotomy to extract the projectile as well as a wedge resection of the injured lung parenchyma. This case demonstrates that even supposedly safe riot control munition fired at close range, at the torso, can provoke serious injury. Therefore a thorough investigation and close clinical supervision are justified.

Continuous treatment of the insensitive munitions compound N-methyl-p-nitro aniline (MNA) in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) bioreactor.

PubMed

Olivares, Christopher I; Wang, Junqin; Luna, Carlos D Silva; Field, Jim A; Abrell, Leif; Sierra-Alvarez, Reyes

2016-02-01

N-methyl-p-nitroaniline (MNA) is an ingredient of insensitive munitions (IM) compounds that serves as a plasticizer and helps reduce unwanted detonations. As its use becomes widespread, MNA waste streams will be generated, necessitating viable treatment options. We studied MNA biodegradation and its inhibition potential to a representative anaerobic microbial population in wastewater treatment, methanogens. Anaerobic biodegradation and toxicity assays were performed and an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASB) was operated to test continuous degradation of MNA. MNA was transformed almost stoichiometrically to N-methyl-p-phenylenediamine (MPD). MPD was not mineralized; however, it was readily autoxidized and polymerized extensively upon aeration at pH = 9. In the UASB reactor, MNA was fully degraded up to a loading rate of 297.5 μM MNA d(-1). Regarding toxicity, MNA was very inhibitory to acetoclastic methanogens (IC50 = 103 μM) whereas MPD was much less toxic, causing only 13.9% inhibition at the highest concentration tested (1025 μM). The results taken as a whole indicate that anaerobic sludge can transform MNA to MPD continuously, and that the transformation decreases the cytotoxicity of the parent pollutant. MPD can be removed through extensive polymerization. These insights could help define efficient treatment options for waste streams polluted with MNA. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Environmental genotoxicity assessment along the transport routes of chemical munitions leading to the dumping areas in the Baltic Sea.

PubMed

Baršienė, Janina; Butrimavičienė, Laura; Grygiel, Włodzimierz; Stunžėnas, Virmantas; Valskienė, Roberta; Greiciūnaitė, Janina; Stankevičiūtė, Milda

2016-02-15

The frequencies of micronuclei (MN), nuclear buds (NB) and nuclear buds on filament (NBf) were examined in 660 specimens of herring (Clupea harengus) collected in 2009-2014 at 65 study stations located mainly along the chemical munition transport routes in the Baltic Sea. The frequency of nuclear abnormalities was strongly increased in herring caught at four stations located close to chemical munition dumping sites, or CWAs - substances (chemical warfare agents) in sediments. Significant increase of MN, NB and NBf was observed in fish caught November 2010-2013 compared to 2009. The most significantly increased genotoxicity responses were recorded in fish caught at stations along CW (chemical weapons) transport routes, close to the Bornholm CW dumping area, in zones with CWAs in sediments and with oil-gas platforms. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Photochemical transformation of the insensitive munitions compound 2,4-dinitroanisole.

PubMed

Rao, Balaji; Wang, Wei; Cai, Qingsong; Anderson, Todd; Gu, Baohua

2013-01-15

The insensitive munitions compound 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN) is increasingly being used as a replacement for traditional, sensitive munitions compounds (e.g., trinitrotoluene [TNT]), but the environmental fate and photo-transformation of DNAN in natural water systems are currently unknown. In this study, we investigated the photo-transformation rates of DNAN with both ultraviolet (UV) and sunlight irradiation under different environmentally relevant conditions. Sunlight photo-transformation of DNAN in water was found to follow predominantly pseudo-first-order decay kinetics with an average half-life (t(1/2)) of approximately 0.70 d and activation energy (E(a)) of 53 kJ mol(-1). Photo-transformation rates of DNAN were dependent on the wavelength of the light source: irradiation with UV-B light (280-315 nm) resulted in a greater quantum yield of transformation (φ(UV-B)=3.7×10(-4)) than rates obtained with UV-A light (φ(UV-A)=2.9×10(-4) at 316-400 nm) and sunlight (φ(sun)=1.1×10(-4)). Photo-oxidation was the dominant mechanism for DNAN photo-transformation, based on the formation of nitrite (NO(2)(-)) and nitrate (NO(3)(-)) as major N species and 2,4-dinitrophenol as the minor species. Environmental factors (e.g., temperature, pH, and the presence or absence of naturally dissolved organic matter) displayed modest to little effects on the rate of DNAN photo-transformation. These observations indicate that sunlight-induced photo-transformation of DNAN may represent a significant abiotic degradation pathway in surface water, which may have important implications in evaluating the potential impacts and risks of DNAN in the environment. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Inspection of the Department`s export licensing process for dual-use and munitions commodities

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1993-08-10

The purpose of our inspection was to review the Department of Energy`s (Energy) export licensing process for dual-use and military (munitions) commodities subject to nuclear nonproliferation controls. Specifically, we reviewed Energy`s authorities, procedures, and policies pertaining to the export licensing process and examined procedures for safeguarding data transmitted between Energy and other agencies involved in the export licensing process. We also reviewed Energy`s role as a member of the Subgroup on Nuclear Export Coordination. Our review of the sample of 60 export cases did not find evidence to lead us to believe that Energy`s recommendations for these cases were inappropriatemore » or incorrect. We identified, however, problems regarding management systems associated with the export license review process. We found that without documentation supporting export licensing decisions by the Export Control Operations Division (ECOD), we could not determine whether ECOD analysts considered all required criteria in their review of export cases referred to Energy. For example, we found that the ECOD did not retain records documenting the bases for its advice, recommendations, or decisions regarding its reviews of export license cases or revisions to lists of controlled commodities and, therefore, was not in compliance with certain provisions of the Export Administration Act, as amended, and Energy records management directives. Additionally, we found that the degree of compliance by Energy with the export licensing review criteria contained in the Export Administration Regulations and the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act of 1978 could not be determined because ECOD did not retain records documenting the bases for its advice and recommendations on export cases.« less

Anti-Armor, Confined Space, Reduced Sensitivity (AT4CS-RS) Insensitive Munitions (IM) Effort: Summary and Conclusions

DTIC Science & Technology

An effort was initiated to develop an insensitive munitions packaging solution for the AT4CS-RS.The effort investigated several promising designs...Initial engineering testing showed that the most promising design is the deflection plate concept, which will achieve a type IV reaction for Slow Cook

76 FR 76097 - Amendment to the International Traffic in Arms Regulations: Establishment of U.S. Munitions List...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-06

...As part of the President's Export Control Reform effort, the Department of State proposes to amend the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR) to establish Category XIX of the U.S. Munitions List (USML) to describe gas turbine engines and associated equipment warranting control on the USML.

Applications of Capstone Depleted Uranium Aerosol Risk Data to Military Combat Risk Management

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Daxon, Eric G.; Parkhurst, MaryAnn; Melanson, Mark A.

2009-03-01

Risks to personnel engaged in military operations include not only the threat of enemy firepower but also risks from exposure to other hazards such as radiation. Combatant commanders of the U. S. Army carefully weigh risks of casualties before implementing battlefield actions using an established paradigm that take these risks into consideration. As a result of the inclusion of depleted uranium (DU) anti-armor ammunition in the conventional (non-nuclear) weapons arsenal, the potential for exposure to DU aerosols and its associated chemical and radiological effects becomes an element of the commanders’ risk assessment. The Capstone DU Aerosol Study measured the rangemore » of likely DU oxide aerosol concentrations created inside a combat vehicle perforated with a DU munition, and the Capstone Human Health Risk Assessment (HHRA) estimated the associated doses and calculated risks. This paper focuses on the development of a scientific approach to adapt the risks from DU’s non uniform dose distribution within the body using the current U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) radiation risk management approach. The approach developed equates the Radiation Exposure Status (RES) categories to the estimated radiological risks of DU and makes use of the Capstone-developed Renal Effects Group (REG) as a measure of chemical risk from DU intake. Recommendations are provided for modifying Army guidance and policy in order to better encompass the potential risks from DU aerosol inhalation during military operations.« less

EMMA: The expert system for munition maintenance

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mullins, Barry E.

1988-01-01

Expert Missile Maintenance Aid (EMMA) is a first attempt to enhance maintenance of the tactical munition at the field and depot level by using artificial intelligence (AI) techniques. The ultimate goal of EMMA is to help a novice maintenance technician isolate and diagnose electronic, electromechanical, and mechanical equipment faults to the board/chassis level more quickly and consistently than the best human expert using the best currently available automatic test equipment (ATE). To this end, EMMA augments existing ATE with an expert system that captures the knowledge of design and maintenance experts. The EMMA program is described, including the evaluation of field-level expert system prototypes, the description of several study tasks performed during EMMA, and future plans for a follow-on program. This paper will briefly address several study tasks performed during EMMA. The paper concludes with a discussion of future plans for a follow-on program and other areas of concern.

76 FR 80302 - Amendment to the International Traffic in Arms Regulations: Revision of U.S. Munitions List...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-23

... DEPARTMENT OF STATE 22 CFR Part 121 RIN 1400-AC99 [Public Notice 7736] Amendment to the International Traffic in Arms Regulations: Revision of U.S. Munitions List Category VI AGENCY: Department of... Department of State proposes to amend the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR) to revise Category...

Chemical Stockpile Disposal Program. Risk Analysis of the Continued Storage of Chemical Munitions

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-08-01

Grass Army Depot LIC liquid incinerator LPF leakers processing facility LPG liquified propane gas MD)B munitions demilitarization building"I 1DIA mu...screening process , con- sidering both frequency and magnitude of agent release, are included in the deliverables of this project. S.1.3. Scove of Study...simplistic terms the PRA process focuses on answering the fol- •• loving three basic questions: 1. Wh.t can go wrong? 2. How frequently is it expected to

Munitions Test Area and Incendiary Drop Site, Site 36-2, Data Addendum, Phase 2.

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-09-01

MUNITIONS TEST AREA AND INCENDIARY DROP SITE (NI September 1988 Contract Number DAAK11-84-D-0016 | • (Version 3.1) Environmental Science And Engineering, Inc...SITE, September 1988 Contract Number DAAK11-84-D-0016 (Version 3.1)I PREPARED BY ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, INC. Harding Lawson Associates I...the Program Managers Office (PMO). Environmental Science and Engineering (ESE), Morrison-Knudsen Engineers (MKE), and Harding Lawson Associates (HLA

A Market-Basket Approach to Predict the Acute Aquatic Toxicity of Munitions and Energetic Materials.

PubMed

Burgoon, Lyle D

2016-06-01

An ongoing challenge in chemical production, including the production of insensitive munitions and energetics, is the ability to make predictions about potential environmental hazards early in the process. To address this challenge, a quantitative structure activity relationship model was developed to predict acute fathead minnow toxicity of insensitive munitions and energetic materials. Computational predictive toxicology models like this one may be used to identify and prioritize environmentally safer materials early in their development. The developed model is based on the Apriori market-basket/frequent itemset mining approach to identify probabilistic prediction rules using chemical atom-pairs and the lethality data for 57 compounds from a fathead minnow acute toxicity assay. Lethality data were discretized into four categories based on the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals. Apriori identified toxicophores for categories two and three. The model classified 32 of the 57 compounds correctly, with a fivefold cross-validation classification rate of 74 %. A structure-based surrogate approach classified the remaining 25 chemicals correctly at 48 %. This result is unsurprising as these 25 chemicals were fairly unique within the larger set.

Review and Synthesis of Evidence Regarding Environmental Risks Posed by Munitions Constituents (MC) in Aquatic Systems

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-10-01

Munitions response diver approaching an unexploded 1,000 pound General Purpose Bomb at Bahia Salina del Sur (Island of Vieques, PR). Photo provided...30 4.4 Isla de Vieques bombing range (PR, USA) .................................................... 30 4.4.1 Site...45 5.2 Sites reporting MC contamination in water samples ................................... 46 5.2.1 Isla de Vieques Bombing

Reducing Waste from Military Facility Programs...Shed Those Ugly Tons

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-05-01

USACE guidance 5 BUILDING STRONG® Sustainability Drivers • Net Zero Waste – Assistant Secretary of the Army for Installations, Energy and Environment...Garrison Grafenwoehr, Germany.  Fort Bliss and Carson (energy, water, waste)  “A net zero waste installation is an installation that reduces

Demonstration Report, Munitions Management Projects, ESTCP Project MR-200809, ALLTEM Multi-Axis Electromagnetic Induction System Demonstration and Validation, Aberdeen Proving Ground Standardized UXO Technology Demonstration Site, Version 1.0

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-11-17

to emulate typical impact area conditions. The Open Field area is now divided into four subareas: Legacy, Indirect fire, Direct fire, and Challenge...that could be typically found at an impact area of an indirect fire weapons range. These are 81 mm and 60 mm mortars and 105 ALLTEM APG...munitions. • Open field (direct fire) The direct fire subarea contains only three munition types that could be typically found at an impact area of

Ecosystem biomass, carbon, and nitrogen five years after restoration with municipal solid waste

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Escalating municipal solid waste generation coupled with decreasing landfill space needed for disposal has increased the pressure on military installations to evaluate novel approaches to handle this waste. One approach to alleviating the amount of municipal solid waste being landfilled is the use o...

Hazardous Waste Cleanup: Military Ocean Terminal in Bayonne, New Jersey

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The Military Ocean Terminal Bayonne (MOTBY) is a 652 acre, approximately 1/3-mile wide, 2-mile long, manmade peninsula that extends into the upper New York Harbor. It is located on Port Terminal Road adjacent to (west of) the City of Bayonne. Site use as

Treatment of munitions manufacturing airborne VOC`s by biofiltration

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Severin, B.F.; Neilson, L.M.; Kim, B.J.

1997-12-31

The US Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory contracted MBI International to perform a biofiltration study of industrial waste gas streams. Phase I of the study was a laboratory investigation of the treatability of a specific gas stream. The laboratory study was concluded in September, 1995. Phase II was the design, placement and operation of a full-scale biofilter. The project was completed in August, 1996. The specific gas stream originates from a munitions drying operation at the Olin Chemical Company, Lake City, AAP, Independence, MO. The production line is a blank bullet coating operation in the production line, slats of blankmore » ammunition are inverted and dipped into a coating material to seal the shell tips. The slats are then righted and moved into a drying box. The major solvent in the coating is ethyl acetate (70%) with about 30% of other solvent, such as, xylene and low molecular weight alcohols. The coating is thinned 50% with ethyl acetate, such that ethyl acetate represents more than 90% of the VOC load. The concentration of VOC`s is 400 ug/L at an air flow rate of 1000 ft{sup 3}/min. Laboratory results were collected on six test biofilter columns (15L). Steady state operations over a wide range of VOC loads were studied. The biofilters consistently destroyed 90-95% of the VOC`s. Square-wave dynamic loading cycles were studied to represent shift changes at the production facility. At high loadings, the biofilter performed well. At low organic loadings at applications of 5 hr/day of the gas stream, the filters required a small supplement of glucose to maintain column efficacy. A 1000 cubic foot bed volume, engineered media, biofilter was installed at Lake City AAP in January, 1996. The unit consists of a skid-mounted, class-1 division-1 explosion proof design including the blower package, biofilter media, nutrient addition, and automated VOC monitoring with PID. The unit was monitored for six months.« less

Bioinspired polarization navigation sensor for autonomous munitions systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Giakos, G. C.; Quang, T.; Farrahi, T.; Deshpande, A.; Narayan, C.; Shrestha, S.; Li, Y.; Agarwal, M.

2013-05-01

Small unmanned aerial vehicles UAVs (SUAVs), micro air vehicles (MAVs), Automated Target Recognition (ATR), and munitions guidance, require extreme operational agility and robustness which can be partially offset by efficient bioinspired imaging sensor designs capable to provide enhanced guidance, navigation and control capabilities (GNC). Bioinspired-based imaging technology can be proved useful either for long-distance surveillance of targets in a cluttered environment, or at close distances limited by space surroundings and obstructions. The purpose of this study is to explore the phenomenology of image formation by different insect eye architectures, which would directly benefit the areas of defense and security, on the following four distinct areas: a) fabrication of the bioinspired sensor b) optical architecture, c) topology, and d) artificial intelligence. The outcome of this study indicates that bioinspired imaging can impact the areas of defense and security significantly by dedicated designs fitting into different combat scenarios and applications.

Munitions Classification With Portable Advanced Electromagnetic Sensors, Demonstration at the former Camp Beale, CA, Summer 2011

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-07-01

Engineering Service Center, Port Hueneme, CA Robert Kirgan, Army Environmental Command Doug Maddox, US Environmental Protection Agency Doug Murray...FINAL REPORT MUNITIONS CLASSIFICATION WITH PORTABLE ADVANCED ELECTROMAGNETIC SENSORS Demonstration at the former Camp Beale, CA , Summer...if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. 1. REPORT DATE JUL 2012 2 . REPORT TYPE N/A 3. DATES COVERED - 4. TITLE AND

In Vitro Dermal Absorption of Insensitive Munitions Explosive 101 (IMX-101) and Components

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-01-01

regard1ng 1 ur en estimate or a y ot or aspect o IS collect1on of information. includin~ sug~stions for reduci’l/lthe burden, to De~artment of Defense... a . CONTRACT NUMBER In Vitro Dermal Absorption of insensitive Munitions Explosive 101 (IMX -I 0 I) and Components ~b. GRANT NUMBER ~ c . PROGRAM...SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION OF a . REPORT b. ABSTRACT c . THIS PAGE ABSTRACT u u u SAR 18. NUMBER OF PAGES 54 19a. NAME OF

Geophysical System Verification (GSV): A Physics-Based Alternative to Geophysical Prove-Outs for Munitions Response

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-09-24

engineering field, or equivalent experience, and are familiar with the basic MR processes. Section 2 summarizes the physical justification for the... Engineering Problems (SAGEEP), Seattle, April 2 -6, 2006. 8. Interstate Technology and Regulatory Council. 2004. “Geophysical Prove-Outs for Munitions Response...YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ORGANIZATION. 1. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY) 2 . REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED (From - To) 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER

Literature Review on Demilitarization of Munitions: Document Prepared for the RIGHTTRAC Technology Demonstration Project

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-11-01

shock, fire and impact by shrapnel or bullets but is still able to explode as intended in order to destroy its target. Two main charge explosives...involves the opening of the munitions by using a highly pressurized water jet and some abrasive material, like garnet. It was disclosed in US Patents...noise and spread of abrasive and debris around the area [23] and also avoid the production of sparks due to metal to metal contact. The water

22 CFR 123.8 - Special controls on vessels, aircraft and satellites covered by the U.S. Munitions List.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

....8 Special controls on vessels, aircraft and satellites covered by the U.S. Munitions List. (a) Transferring registration or control to a foreign person of any aircraft, vessel, or satellite on the U.S... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Special controls on vessels, aircraft and...

22 CFR 123.8 - Special controls on vessels, aircraft and satellites covered by the U.S. Munitions List.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... on vessels, aircraft and satellites covered by the U.S. Munitions List. (a) Transferring registration... located in the United States or abroad. (b) The registration in a foreign country of any aircraft, vessel... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Special controls on vessels, aircraft and...

22 CFR 123.8 - Special controls on vessels, aircraft and satellites covered by the U.S. Munitions List.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... on vessels, aircraft and satellites covered by the U.S. Munitions List. (a) Transferring registration... located in the United States or abroad. (b) The registration in a foreign country of any aircraft, vessel... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Special controls on vessels, aircraft and...

22 CFR 123.8 - Special controls on vessels, aircraft and satellites covered by the U.S. Munitions List.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... on vessels, aircraft and satellites covered by the U.S. Munitions List. (a) Transferring registration... located in the United States or abroad. (b) The registration in a foreign country of any aircraft, vessel... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Special controls on vessels, aircraft and...

22 CFR 123.8 - Special controls on vessels, aircraft and satellites covered by the U.S. Munitions List.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... on vessels, aircraft and satellites covered by the U.S. Munitions List. (a) Transferring registration... located in the United States or abroad. (b) The registration in a foreign country of any aircraft, vessel... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Special controls on vessels, aircraft and...

The physical basis of explosion and blast injury processes.

PubMed

Proud, W G

2013-03-01

Energetic materials are widely used in civilian and military applications, such as quarrying and mining, flares, and in munitions. Recent conflicts have involved the widespread use of improvised explosive devices to attack military, civilians and infrastructure. This article gives a basic overview of explosive technology and the underlying physical processes that produce the injuries encountered. In particular aspects relevant to primary and secondary injuries are discussed.

Ballistics Trajectory and Impact Analysis for Insensitive Munitions and Hazard Classification Project Criteria

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Baker, Ernest; van der Voort, Martijn; NATO Munitions Safety Information Analysis Centre Team

2017-06-01

Ballistics trajectory and impact conditions calculations were conducted in order to investigate the origin of the projection criteria for Insensitive Munitions (IM) and Hazard Classification (HC). The results show that the existing IM and HC projection criteria distance-mass relations are based on launch energy rather than impact conditions. The distance-mass relations were reproduced using TRAJCAN trajectory analysis by using launch energies of 8, 20 and 79J and calculating the maximum impact distance reached by a natural fragment (steel) launched from 1 m height. The analysis shows that at the maximum throw distances, the impact energy is generally much smaller than the launch energy. Using maximum distance projections, new distance-mass relations were developed that match the criteria based on impact energy at 15m and beyond rather than launch energy. Injury analysis was conducted using penetration injury and blunt injury models. The smallest projectile masses in the distance-mass relations are in the transition region from penetration injury to blunt injury. For this reason, blunt injury dominates the assessment of injury or lethality. State of the art blunt injury models predict only minor injury for a 20J impact. For a 79J blunt impact, major injury is likely to occur. MSIAC recommends changing the distance-mass relation that distinguishes a munitions burning response to a 20 J impact energy criterion at 15 m and updating of the UN Orange Book.

THE ROLE OF REMOTE SENSING IN IDENTIFYING BURIED WORLD WAR 1 MUNITIONS AT THE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY, WASHINGTON, D.C.

EPA Science Inventory

During World War 1, The American University in Washington D.C. was used by the U.S. Army as an experiment station for the development and testing of a variety of battlefield munitions including chemical weapons such as Mustard Gas, Phosgene, Ricin and Lewisite, among others. Afte...

THE ROLE OF REMOTE SENSING IN IDENTIFYING BURIED WORLD WAR I MUNITIONS AT THE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY, WASHINGTON, D.C.

EPA Science Inventory

During World War 1, The American University in Washington D.C. was used by the U.S. Army as an experiment station for the development and testing of a variety of battlefield munitions including chemical weapons such as Mustard Gas, Phosgene, Ricin and Lewisite, among others. Afte...

Enhanced Electromagnetic Tagging for Embedded Tracking of Munitions and Ordnance During Future Remediation Efforts. Revision 2

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-06-01

study), so tags placed in the fuze will allow both munitions to be tagged. • Fuze modification : o Four equally spaced grooves, 0.32 inches deep...investigation. Therefore, effort must continue to verify all recommendations before implementing the modifications . The list below highlights critical...concerns that require attention and verification: • Environmental o Manufacturing modifications to attach the tag Worker safety Bio friendliness o

Washington's Love Affair with Waste.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Symms, Steve

1983-01-01

Different kinds of wasteful spending of federal money are discussed, e.g., automatic distribution of public money to political organizations, administrative inefficiency, military spending. The frivolous spending of billions of hard-earned dollars is a larceny that threatens everything Americans have worked for all their lives. (RM)

Requirements for munitions lift trailers to support strategic bombers

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1985-05-21

Munitions lift trailers are large support vehicles used to transport and load air launched cruise missiles and other nuclear weapons onto strategic bombers. The Air Force has identified total requirements for 245 trailers for B-52 and B-1B bombers. About one-third of these trailers have been acquired. The Air Force Aeronautical Systems Command is considering remanufacturing 80 of the lift trailers it has acquired for B-52s to incorporate recent design improvements which are expected to make these trailers easier to operate and less costly to support. GAO believes Air Force requirements for new trailers may be overstated by as many asmore » 39 trailers. This could result in the unnecessary expenditure of up to $13 million. GAO also questions the cost effectiveness of remanufacturing the 80 trailers, which would cost $20 million.« less

Bioaccumulation kinetics of the conventional energetics TNT and RDX relative to insensitive munitions constituents DNAN and NTO in Rana pipiens tadpoles.

PubMed

Lotufo, Guilherme R; Biedenbach, James M; Sims, Jerre G; Chappell, Pornsawan; Stanley, Jacob K; Gust, Kurt A

2015-04-01

The manufacturing of explosives and their loading, assembling, and packing into munitions for use in testing on training sites or battlefields has resulted in contamination of terrestrial and aquatic sites that may pose risk to populations of sensitive species. The bioaccumulative potential of the conventional explosives 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) and of the insensitive munitions (i.e., less shock sensitive) compound 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN) were assessed using the Northern leopard frog, Rana pipiens. Trinitrotoluene entering the organism was readily biotransformed to aminodinitrotoluenes, whereas no transformation products were measured for RDX or DNAN. Uptake clearance rates were relatively slow and similar among compounds (1.32-2.19 L kg(-1) h(-1) ). Upon transfer to uncontaminated water, elimination rate was very fast, resulting in the prediction of fast time to approach steady state (5 h or less) and short elimination half-lives (1.2 h or less). A preliminary bioconcentration factor of 0.25 L kg(-1) was determined for the insensitive munitions compound 3-nitro-1,2,4-trizole-5-one (NTO) indicating negligible bioaccumulative potential. Because of the rapid elimination rate for explosives, tadpoles inhabiting contaminated areas are expected to experience harmful effects only if under constant exposure conditions given that body burdens can rapidly depurate preventing tissue concentrations from persisting at levels that may cause detrimental biological effects. © 2014 SETAC.

Construction of Military Intelligence Military Occupational Specialty Taxonomy

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-11-01

Ji ARI Research Note 91-10 Construction of Military Intelligence Military Occupational Specialty N Taxonomy IFrederick A. Muckler, Sally Seven, and...11. TITLE (Include Security Classification) Construction of Military Intelligence Military Occupational Specialty Taxonomy 12. PERSONAL AUTHOR(S...Continue on reverse if necessary and identify by block number) FIELD GROUP SUB-GROUP Military intelligence Evaluation taxonomy MOS restructuring

Waste-to-Energy Thermal Destruction Identification for Forward Operating Bases

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-07-01

waste disposal strategy is to simplify the technology development goals. Specifically, we recommend a goal of reducing total net energy consumption ...to net zero. The minimum objective should be the lowest possible fuel consumption per unit of waste disposed. By shifting the focus from W2E to waste...over long distances increases the risks to military personnel and contractors. Because fuel is a limited resource at FOBs, diesel fuel consumption

Mammalian Toxicity of Munition Compounds. Phase II. Effects of Multiple Doses. Part III. 2,6-Dinitrotoluene

DTIC Science & Technology

1976-07-01

Histopathology , Statistical Analysis, and Normal Values ..... ...... ........... 131 I Ii A.mmALIAN TOXICITY OF MUNITION COMPOUNDS PHASE II: Effects of...chemistry tests and histopathology , and the normal values are given in Appendix I. The concentrations of Ca 2+, Mg2 +, Na+ and K+ in serum were determined...mice fed 2,6-DNT included focal epicarditis or myocarditis, focal cystitis, chronic murine pneumonia or bronchopneumonia, metritis and focal myositis

Geophysical System Verification (GSV): A Physics-Based Alternative to Geophysical Prove-Outs for Munitions Response. Addendum

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-09-24

engineering field, or equivalent experience, and are familiar with the basic MR processes. Section 2 summarizes the physical justification for the... Engineering Problems (SAGEEP), Seattle, April 2 -6, 2006. 8. Interstate Technology and Regulatory Council. 2004. “Geophysical Prove-Outs for Munitions Response...YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ORGANIZATION. 1. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY) 2 . REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED (From - To) 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER

Investigation of the Impedance Modulation of Thin Films with a Chemically-Sensitive Field-Effect Transistor

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-12-05

CHEMFET, both in the time-domain and frequency domain, was evaluated for detecting changes in the molecular structure and chemical composition in three thin...compounds cause corrosion of the munition’s firing mechanism (3). The military also has substantial interest in the use of composite materials for...fabricating military hardware (4). However, the synthesis of a composite material is highly process dependent, and thus, its physical properties may

Assessment of Energetic Compounds, Semi-volatile Organic Compounds, and Trace Elements in Streambed Sediment and Stream Water from Streams Draining Munitions Firing Points and Impact Areas, Fort Riley, Kansas, 2007-08

USGS Publications Warehouse

Coiner, R.L.; Pope, L.M.; Mehl, H.E.

2010-01-01

An assessment of energetic compounds (explosive and propellant residues) and associated semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) and trace elements in streambed sediment and stream water from streams draining munitions firing points and impact areas at Fort Riley, northeast Kansas, was performed during 2007-08 by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the U.S. Army. Streambed sediment from 16 sampling sites and stream-water samples from 5 sites were collected at or near Fort Riley and analyzed for as many as 17 energetic compounds, 65 SVOCs, and 27 trace elements. None of the energetic compounds or SVOCs were detected in streambed sediment collected from sites within the Fort Riley Military Reservation. This may indicate that these compounds either are not transported from dispersal areas or that analytical methods are not sensitive enough to detect the small concentrations that may be transported. Concentrations of munitions-associated trace elements did not exceed sediment-quality guidelines recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and are not indicative of contamination of streambed sediment at selected streambed sampling sites, at least in regards to movement from dispersal areas. Analytical results of stream-water samples provided little evidence of contamination by energetic compounds, SVOCs, or associated trace elements. Perchlorate was detected in 19 of 20 stream-water samples at concentrations ranging from an estimated 0.057 to an estimated 0.236 ug/L (micrograms per liter) with a median concentration of an estimated 0.114 ug/L, substantially less than the USEPA Interim Health Advisory criterion (15 ug/L), and is in the range of documented background concentrations. Because of these small concentrations and possible natural sources (precipitation and groundwater), it is likely that the occurrence of perchlorate in stream water is naturally occurring, although a definitive identification of the source of perchlorate in

Monitoring and sustainable management of oil polluting wrecks and chemical munitions dump sites in the Baltic Sea

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hassellöv, Ida-Maja; Tengberg, Anders

2017-04-01

The Baltic Sea region contains a dark legacy of about 100 000 tons of dumped chemical warfare agents. As time passes the gun shells corrode and the risks of release of contaminants increase. A major goal of the EU-flagship project Daimon is to support governmental organisations with case-to-case adapted methods for sustainable management of dumped toxic munitions. At the Chalmers University of Technology, a partner of Daimon, a unique ISO 31000 adapted method was developed to provide decision support regarding potentially oilpolluting shipwrecks. The method is called VRAKA and is based on probability calculations. It includes site-specific information as well as expert knowledge. VRAKA is now being adapted to dumped chemical munitions. To estimate corrosion potential of gun shells and ship wrecks along with sediment re-suspension and transport multiparameter instruments are deployed at dump sites. Parameters measured include Currents, Salinity, Temperature, Oxygen, Depth, Waves and Suspended particles. These measurements have revealed how trawling at dump sites seems to have large implications in spreading toxic substances (Arsenic) over larger areas. This presentation will shortly describe the decision support model, the used instrumentation and discuss some of the obtain results.

THE ROLE OF REMOTE SENSING AND GIS IN IDENTIFYING BURIED WORLD WAR I MUNITIONS AT THE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY, WASHINGTON, DC

EPA Science Inventory

During World War 1, The American University in Washington D.C. was used by the U.S. Army as an experiment station for the development and testing of a variety of battlefield munitions including chemical weapons such as Mustard Gas, Phosgene, Ricin and Lewisite, among others. Afte...

GENE EXPRESSION CHANGES IN ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA SEEDLING ROOTS EXPOSED TO THE MUNITION HEXAHYDRO-1,3,5-TRINITRO-1,3,5-TRIAZINE

EPA Science Inventory

Arabidopsis thaliana root transcriptome responses to the munition, hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), were assessed using serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE). Comparison of the transcriptional profile for the RDX response to a profile previously described for Ar...

22 CFR 120.3 - Policy on designating or determining defense articles and services on the U.S. Munitions List.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Policy on designating or determining defense articles and services on the U.S. Munitions List. 120.3 Section 120.3 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC IN ARMS REGULATIONS PURPOSE AND DEFINITIONS § 120.3 Policy on designating or determining...

Military Careers: A Guide to Military Occupations and Selected Military Career Paths, 1992-1994.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Department of Defense, Washington, DC.

This book was developed to help educators and youth learn about career opportunities in the military. It is a compendium of military occupational, training, and career information and is designed for use by students interested in the military. The first section, military occupations, contains descriptions of 197 enlisted and officer occupations.…

THE ROLE OF THE REMOTE SENSING IN IDENTIFYING BURIED WORLD WAR I MUNITIONS AT THE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY, WASHINGTON, D.C.

EPA Science Inventory

During World War 1, The American University in Washington D.C. was used by the U.S. Army as an experiment station for the development and testing of a variety of battlefield munitions including chemical weapons such as Mustard Gas, Phosgene, Ricin and Lewisite, among othe...

32 CFR 165.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... distributed across the specific number of units. The nonrecurring research, development, test, and evaluation... significant military equipment on the United States Munitions List having a nonrecurring research, development... for research, development, test, and evaluation shall be based on DoD obligations recorded to the date...

76 FR 68376 - Recoupment of Nonrecurring Costs (NCs) on Sales of U.S. Items

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-04

... expenditures for machine tools, capital equipment, or facilities for which contractor rental payments are made.... Major defense equipment. Any item of significant military equipment on the United States Munitions List... the major defense equipment dollar threshold for research, development, test, and evaluation shall be...

RDX Binds to the GABAA Receptor–Convulsant Site and Blocks GABAA Receptor–Mediated Currents in the Amygdala: A Mechanism for RDX-Induced Seizures

PubMed Central

Williams, Larry R.; Aroniadou-Anderjaska, Vassiliki; Qashu, Felicia; Finne, Huckelberry; Pidoplichko, Volodymyr; Bannon, Desmond I.; Braga, Maria F. M.

2011-01-01

Background Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) is a high-energy, trinitrated cyclic compound that has been used worldwide since World War II as an explosive in both military and civilian applications. RDX can be released in the environment by way of waste streams generated during the manufacture, use, and disposal of RDX-containing munitions and can leach into groundwater from unexploded munitions found on training ranges. For > 60 years, it has been known that exposure to high doses of RDX causes generalized seizures, but the mechanism has remained unknown. Objective We investigated the mechanism by which RDX induces seizures. Methods and results By screening the affinity of RDX for a number of neurotransmitter receptors, we found that RDX binds exclusively to the picrotoxin convulsant site of the γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) ionophore. Whole-cell in vitro recordings in the rat basolateral amygdala (BLA) showed that RDX reduces the frequency and amplitude of spontaneous GABAA receptor–mediated inhibitory postsynaptic currents and the amplitude of GABA-evoked postsynaptic currents. In extracellular field recordings from the BLA, RDX induced prolonged, seizure-like neuronal discharges. Conclusions These results suggest that binding to the GABAA receptor convulsant site is the primary mechanism of seizure induction by RDX and that reduction of GABAergic inhibitory transmission in the amygdala is involved in the generation of RDX-induced seizures. Knowledge of the molecular site and the mechanism of RDX action with respect to seizure induction can guide therapeutic strategies, allow more accurate development of safe thresholds for exposures, and help prevent the development of new explosives or other munitions that could pose similar health risks. PMID:21362589

Active coatings technologies for tailorable military coating systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zunino, J. L., III

2007-04-01

The main objective of the U.S. Army's Active Coatings Technologies Program is to develop technologies that can be used in combination to tailor coatings for utilization on Army Materiel. The Active Coatings Technologies Program, ACT, is divided into several thrusts, including the Smart Coatings Materiel Program, Munitions Coatings Technologies, Active Sensor packages, Systems Health Monitoring, Novel Technology Development, as well as other advanced technologies. The goal of the ACT Program is to conduct research leading to the development of multiple coatings systems for use on various military platforms, incorporating unique properties such as self repair, selective removal, corrosion resistance, sensing, ability to modify coatings' physical properties, colorizing, and alerting logistics staff when tanks or weaponry require more extensive repair. A partnership between the U.S. Army Corrosion Office at Picatinny Arsenal, NJ along with researchers at the New Jersey Institute of Technology, NJ, Clemson University, SC, University of New Hampshire, NH, and University of Massachusetts (Lowell), MA, are developing the next generation of Smart Coatings Materiel via novel technologies such as nanotechnology, Micro-electromechanical Systems (MEMS), meta-materials, flexible electronics, electrochromics, electroluminescence, etc. This paper will provide the reader with an overview of the Active Coatings Technologies Program, including an update of the on-going Smart Coatings Materiel Program, its progress thus far, description of the prototype Smart Coatings Systems and research tasks as well as future nanotechnology concepts, and applications for the Department of Defense.

Pyrotechnic hazards classification and evaluation program test report. Heat flux study of deflagrating pyrotechnic munitions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fassnacht, P. O.

1971-01-01

A heat flux study of deflagrating pyrotechnic munitions is presented. Three tests were authorized to investigate whether heat flux measurements may be used as effective hazards evaluation criteria to determine safe quantity distances for pyrotechnics. A passive sensor study was conducted simultaneously to investigate their usefulness in recording events and conditions. It was concluded that heat flux measurements can effectively be used to evaluate hazards criteria and that passive sensors are an inexpensive tool to record certain events in the vicinity of deflagrating pyrotechnic stacks.

Predicting physical properties of emerging compounds with limited physical and chemical data: QSAR model uncertainty and applicability to military munitions.

PubMed

Bennett, Erin R; Clausen, Jay; Linkov, Eugene; Linkov, Igor

2009-11-01

Reliable, up-front information on physical and biological properties of emerging materials is essential before making a decision and investment to formulate, synthesize, scale-up, test, and manufacture a new material for use in both military and civilian applications. Multiple quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) software tools are available for predicting a material's physical/chemical properties and environmental effects. Even though information on emerging materials is often limited, QSAR software output is treated without sufficient uncertainty analysis. We hypothesize that uncertainty and variability in material properties and uncertainty in model prediction can be too large to provide meaningful results. To test this hypothesis, we predicted octanol water partitioning coefficients (logP) for multiple, similar compounds with limited physical-chemical properties using six different commercial logP calculators (KOWWIN, MarvinSketch, ACD/Labs, ALogP, CLogP, SPARC). Analysis was done for materials with largely uncertain properties that were similar, based on molecular formula, to military compounds (RDX, BTTN, TNT) and pharmaceuticals (Carbamazepine, Gemfibrizol). We have also compared QSAR modeling results for a well-studied pesticide and pesticide breakdown product (Atrazine, DDE). Our analysis shows variability due to structural variations of the emerging chemicals may be several orders of magnitude. The model uncertainty across six software packages was very high (10 orders of magnitude) for emerging materials while it was low for traditional chemicals (e.g. Atrazine). Thus the use of QSAR models for emerging materials screening requires extensive model validation and coupling QSAR output with available empirical data and other relevant information.

Pain and neurological sequelae of cluster munitions on children and adolescents in South Lebanon.

PubMed

Fares, Youssef; Ayoub, Fouad; Fares, Jawad; Khazim, Rabi; Khazim, Mahmoud; Gebeily, Souheil

2013-11-01

This paper aims at evaluating the neurological repercussions arising from injuries sustained due to cluster munitions in children up to 18 years in South Lebanon following the 2006 conflict. Data on neurological and pain symptoms suffered during and after treatment because of sub-munitions in South Lebanon from August 2006 till late 2011 were prospectively recorded. Patients were divided into subcategories; children aged 12 and under and adolescents aged between 13 and 18. During the study period, there were 407 casualties, 122 (30%) of which were aged 18 years or younger. There were 116 (95%) males and six (5%) females. Average age was 14 years. 10 (8.2%), all males, died as a result of their injuries. 42 (34.4%) were children and 80 (65.6%) were adolescents. 112 had surgical treatments for their injuries. 83 out of 112 patients (74%) with non-lethal injuries had amputations, 67% children and 78% adolescents. Among those who had amputations, 31 (37.4%) suffered from phantom limb pain and 71% suffered from stump/residual limb pain. 88% of patients were diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (44% children and 77% adolescents) and 41% were diagnosed with post-concussion syndrome. Four patients (3.6%) suffered from traumatic brain injuries, both penetrating and closed. Pain syndromes were found in all patients who had amputation. The injury related comorbidities together with many post-concussion syndrome cases, and fewer traumatic brain injuries lead into a high level of physical, psychosocial and economic burdens on the community.

Geotechnical Containment Alternatives for Industrial Waste Basin F, Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Denver, Colorado. A quantitative Evaluation

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-09-01

RMA have included the production of GB nerve gas, lewisite, mustard gas, arsenic chloride, anticrop agents , and chlorine - gas, as well as the...fabrication if munitions containing white phosphorus and chemical warfare agents . The demilitarization of GB munitions and mustard-filled munitions and the...i , i iSndy S BLUE of .4 I i i lly G BLOE -GRE ii 0 ir i Grntl C - -- - I WHITE Sh__ O ickeft dit SL ML B~d~ 0 20 40 60 80 too Ovd’ted o LL IOU,O

MilitaryKidsConnect: Web-based prevention services for military children.

PubMed

Blasko, Kelly A

2015-08-01

Military children often present with psychological health concerns related to their experience of deployments, reintegration, and frequent moves common in military life. MilitaryKidsConnect is a Department of Defense (DoD) Web site designed to enhance the coping of military children in the context of their military life experience. The purpose of this paper is to describe the development of the Web site as a resource that provides psychoeducation, coping strategies, and peer support to military children. (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved).

33 CFR 110.132 - Rockland Harbor, Maine.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Rockland Harbor, Maine. 110.132... ANCHORAGE REGULATIONS Anchorage Grounds § 110.132 Rockland Harbor, Maine. (a) The anchorage grounds—(1..., power plant, oil terminal, marine terminal, munitions plant, military or naval arsenal or depot...

33 CFR 110.132 - Rockland Harbor, Maine.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Rockland Harbor, Maine. 110.132... ANCHORAGE REGULATIONS Anchorage Grounds § 110.132 Rockland Harbor, Maine. (a) The anchorage grounds—(1..., power plant, oil terminal, marine terminal, munitions plant, military or naval arsenal or depot...

33 CFR 110.132 - Rockland Harbor, Maine.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Rockland Harbor, Maine. 110.132... ANCHORAGE REGULATIONS Anchorage Grounds § 110.132 Rockland Harbor, Maine. (a) The anchorage grounds—(1..., power plant, oil terminal, marine terminal, munitions plant, military or naval arsenal or depot...

33 CFR 110.132 - Rockland Harbor, Maine.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Rockland Harbor, Maine. 110.132... ANCHORAGE REGULATIONS Anchorage Grounds § 110.132 Rockland Harbor, Maine. (a) The anchorage grounds—(1..., power plant, oil terminal, marine terminal, munitions plant, military or naval arsenal or depot...

33 CFR 110.132 - Rockland Harbor, Maine.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Rockland Harbor, Maine. 110.132... ANCHORAGE REGULATIONS Anchorage Grounds § 110.132 Rockland Harbor, Maine. (a) The anchorage grounds—(1..., power plant, oil terminal, marine terminal, munitions plant, military or naval arsenal or depot...

32 CFR 174.16 - Real property containing explosive or chemical agent hazards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... chemical agent hazards from past DoD military munitions-related or chemical warfare-related activities... 32 National Defense 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Real property containing explosive or chemical... REALIGNMENT Environmental Matters § 174.16 Real property containing explosive or chemical agent hazards. The...

78 FR 31399 - Recoupment of Nonrecurring Costs (NCs) on Sales of U.S. Items

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-24

.... Nonrecurring production costs do not include DoD expenditures for machine tools, capital equipment, or... organization pursuant to 22 U.S.C. Chapter 39. Major defense equipment. Any item of significant military equipment on the United States Munitions List having a nonrecurring research, development, test, and...

32 CFR 179.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Definitions. 179.3 Section 179.3 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE CLOSURES AND REALIGNMENT MUNITIONS... means the Office of the Secretary of Defense, the Military Departments, the Defense Agencies, the...

32 CFR 174.16 - Real property containing explosive or chemical agent hazards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... chemical agent hazards from past DoD military munitions-related or chemical warfare-related activities... 32 National Defense 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Real property containing explosive or chemical... REALIGNMENT Environmental Matters § 174.16 Real property containing explosive or chemical agent hazards. The...

32 CFR 174.16 - Real property containing explosive or chemical agent hazards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... chemical agent hazards from past DoD military munitions-related or chemical warfare-related activities... 32 National Defense 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Real property containing explosive or chemical... REALIGNMENT Environmental Matters § 174.16 Real property containing explosive or chemical agent hazards. The...

32 CFR 174.16 - Real property containing explosive or chemical agent hazards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... chemical agent hazards from past DoD military munitions-related or chemical warfare-related activities... 32 National Defense 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Real property containing explosive or chemical... REALIGNMENT Environmental Matters § 174.16 Real property containing explosive or chemical agent hazards. The...

32 CFR 174.16 - Real property containing explosive or chemical agent hazards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... chemical agent hazards from past DoD military munitions-related or chemical warfare-related activities... 32 National Defense 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Real property containing explosive or chemical... REALIGNMENT Environmental Matters § 174.16 Real property containing explosive or chemical agent hazards. The...

Bibliography of Military and Non-Military Personnel Turnover Literature.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-11-01

AD-A122 895 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MILITARY AND NON -MILIARY PERSONNEL / TURNOVER LITERATURE(U) AI F ORC E HUMAN RE SOURCE S LAB1 UN S O BROOKS AFB TX G A...MILITARY AND NON -MILrTARY Interim PERSONNEL TURNOVER LITERATURE I July 190- 31 January 1982 6 PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER 7. AUTHOR(s) . CONThACT OR...automated se e osf the lumt, the report is a cosmjuhmmlve b lfe of 259 military and 251 non -military studies of tur. The military turnover literature is

The Presence of the American Troops in Romania: Civil-Military Challenges Beyond a Military Relationship

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-03-01

lands; crashes and near collisions of jets and Osprey helicopters; danger from munitions during live-fire exercises; sexual assault; theft; noise ...STATIONING WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF A NEW EUROPE In the wake of the present crisis, the location of American troops in Romania represents a new...concerning the war in Iraq. In the same article, she notes that in the wake of the initial phase of the Iraq campaign in 2003 that “privately, however

Johnston Atoll Chemical Agent Disposal System (JACADS)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1990-06-01

This Final Second Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement (SSEIS) to the Johnston Atoll Chemical Agent Disposal System (JACADS) Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) assesses the effects of receiving, storing, and ultimately destructing the United States stockpile of lethal unitary chemical munitions currently stored in the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) (European stockpile) at the Army's JACADS facility located on Johnston Atoll in the Pacific Ocean. This Final SSEIS addresses the effects of the following proposed European stockpile activities: the transport of the European stockpile from the territorial limit to Johnston Island, the unloading of munitions from transportation ships, the on-island munitions transportmore » and handling, on-island munitions storage, the disposal of munitions in the JACADS facility, the disposal of incineration wastes, and alternatives to the proposed action. This document also updates information in the 1983 EIS and the 1988 SEIS, as appropriate. 46 refs., 10 figs., 9 tabs.« less

Emissions from Simulated Open Burning of Deployed US Military Waste

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-03-22

pasta …. Wet food waste (slop) 13 1.3 1300 Soup, creams,… Oils and greases 2 0.2 200 oil, grease Unopened MREs 1 0.1 100 MREs Opened MRE Inner... pasta …. Wet food waste (slop) 13.61 1.361 1361.3 Soup, creams,… Oils and greases 2.09 0.209 209.4 oil, grease Unopened MREs 1.05 0.105 104.7 MREs

14 CFR 61.73 - Military pilots or former military pilots: Special rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Military pilots or former military pilots... Ratings and Pilot Authorizations § 61.73 Military pilots or former military pilots: Special rules. (a... a disciplinary action involving aircraft operations, a U.S. military pilot or former military pilot...

THER ROLE OF REMOTE SENSING AND GIS IN IDENTIFYING AND REMOVING BURIED WORLD WAR I MUNITIONS AT THE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY, WASHINGTON, DC

EPA Science Inventory

During World War I, The American University in Washington D.C. was used by the U.S. Am1y as an experiment station for the development and testing of a variety of battlefield munitions including chemical weapons such as Mustard Gas, Phosgene, Ricin and Lewisite, among others. Afte...

Reinventing Military Retirement.

DTIC Science & Technology

1995-12-01

private sector retirement plan principles to the military retirement system. The increasing cost and generosity of military retirement coupled with political pressures to reduce federal spending have focused attention on reforming the military retirement system. Previous studies of the military retirement system are addressed and critiqued. Private retirement options are reviewed and a 401(k) plan is proposed to replace the current military retirement system. The new retirement system would eventually reduce federal outlays for military retirement by 66 percent while

32 CFR 179.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... effects on human beings, is intended for use in military operations to kill, seriously injure, or..., and emission, degradation, or breakdown elements of such ordnance or munitions. (10 U.S.C. 2710(e)(3..., to address the explosives safety, human health, or environmental risks presented by UXO, discarded...

Live Site Demonstration Munitions Response Program Site UXO 01 at Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Center (MCAGCC) Twentynine Palms, California

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-11-01

ground surface (bgs) and is composed of crystalline igneous and metamorphic rocks . The ranges are located on Cajon soils (Jacobs Engineering Group...Twentynine Palms, California ESTCP Project MR-201229 NOVEMBER 2015 Steve Stacy ARCADIS- US , Inc. Distribution Statement A REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE...geophysical classification (AGC) technologies for Munitions Response (MR). This demonstration was designed to evaluate the use of AGC methodology

Plumbing Specialist II & III, 3-22. Military Curriculum Materials for Vocational and Technical Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ohio State Univ., Columbus. National Center for Research in Vocational Education.

These military-developed curriculum materials consist of a course description, course chart, plan of instruction, lesson plans, study guides, and workbooks for use in training plumbing specialists II and III. Covered in the course blocks are building waste systems and exterior and interior supply systems. Course block II, on building waste…

Evaluation of oleoresin capsicum of Capsicum frutescenes var. Nagahari containing various percentages of capsaicinoids following inhalation as an active ingredient for tear gas munitions.

PubMed

Kumar, Pravin; Deb, Utsab; Kaushik, M P

2012-08-01

Comparative efficacy as peripheral sensory irritant, oral and inhalation exposure studies were carried out on oleoresin capsicum (OC) of Capsicum frutescence var. Nagahari containing various percentages of capsaicinoids and two synthetic isomers of capsaicin in Swiss albino male mouse model to come up with a suitable active ingredient from natural source for tear gas munitions. The compounds screened were OC having varying percentages of capsaicinoids (20, 40 and 80%, respectively) and synthetic isomers (E and Z) of capsaicin (8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide). Mice were exposed to pyrotechnically generated smoke of the compounds in an all glass static exposure chamber for 15 min to determine acute inhalation toxicity (LC₅₀) and quantitative sensory irritation potential (RD₅₀). Acute oral median lethal dose (LD₅₀) was also evaluated. Safety index of tear gas (SITG), a ratio of lethal concentration 50% (LC₅₀) and the concentration which depresses respiration by 50% (RD₅₀) due to peripheral sensory irritation is also proposed. The compound having highest SITG is considered as the most suitable to be used for tear gas munitions. The study revealed that oleoresin capsicum containing 40% capsaicinoids had the highest SITG among the compounds studied. The oral dosage versus mortality pattern of some compounds did not follow a true dose-response curve (DRC); however, following inhalation, all the compounds followed DRC. It was concluded that oleoresin capsicum (40% capsaicinoids) may be considered as the most suitable and environmental friendly compound from natural source to be used as an active ingredient for tear gas munitions.

UPTAKE AND TRANSFORMATION OF EXPLOSIVES BY EASTERN COTTONWOOD (POPULUS DELTOIDES)

EPA Science Inventory

The explosives 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), and octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetraazocine (HMX) have been extensively used by the United States military to manufacture munitions. Since World War II, both the commissioning an...

75 FR 52622 - Amendment to the International Traffic in Arms Regulations: Removing Requirement for Prior...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-27

....S. Munitions List, valued at $7,000,000 or more for use by the armed forces of a foreign country (42... Organization (NATO), Australia, Japan, or New Zealand, except with respect to manufacturing license agreements... presentations to make a determination whether to purchase significant military equipment valued at $14,000,000...

22 CFR 121.15 - Vessels of war and special naval equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Vessels of war and special naval equipment. 121... UNITED STATES MUNITIONS LIST Enumeration of Articles § 121.15 Vessels of war and special naval equipment. Vessels of war means vessels, waterborne or submersible, designed, modified or equipped for military...

Epidemiology of U.K. Military Burns 2008-2013.

PubMed

Page, Felicity; Hamnett, Nathan; D'Asta, Federica; Jeffery, Steven

After sustaining burn injuries overseas, U.K. Armed Forces personnel are evacuated to the Royal Centre for Defence Medicine. The objective was to review the etiology of U.K. Military burns managed at the center between 2008 and 2013. Analysis will aid provision planning and assist in the prevention of burn injuries for future tours. The International Burn Injury Database database of all U.K. Armed Forces burn injured patients evacuated to the Queen Elizabeth University Hospital Birmingham between 2008 and 2013 were reviewed retrospectively. Analysis included patient demographics, injury mechanism, burn severity, management, and mortality. There were 65 military personnel with burn injuries requiring repatriation to the United Kingdom. Percentage of 78.5 were sustained in Afghanistan. The mean age was 25 (18-46) years. Percentage of 70.8 were considered noncombat burn injuries. Of the noncombat burns, the mechanism of injury most commonly involved burning waste and misuse of fuels and scalds. The mean TBSA for all patients was 6% (0.05-51%). Areas most commonly affected included arms, legs, and face. The length of hospital stay for combat vs noncombat burn injury patients was 10 vs 7 days. There were no fatalities. In conclusion, substantially fewer military personnel sustained combat burns between 2008 and 2013 than in preceding study period (19 vs 79). The number of accidental noncombat burns remained constant. The decrease in combat burns may reflect a relative decrease in military intensity and effective protective equipment and safety measures. Further education may allow for an additional decrease in preventable burn injuries.

Demonstration of Advanced Geophysics and Classification Methods on Munitions Response Sites - East Fork Valley Range Complex, Former Camp Hale

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-04-01

with cores of igneous and metamorphic rocks flanked by steeply dipping sedimentary rocks . The valley floors range in elevation from about 9,310 to...Camp Hale, East Fork Valley Range Complex Munitions Response Site. This project is one in a series of projects funded by ESTCP to use advanced...Technology Certification Program ft Feet FUDS Formerly Used Defense Site GPS Global Positioning System ID Identification IMU Inertial Measurement Unit

Molecular Identification of the Biowarfare Simulant Serratia Marcescens From a 50-Year-Old Munition Buried at Fort Detrick, Maryland

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-08-01

osin. which produced easily recognized red colonies wben grown on artificial media. For these reasons. S . marcescens (along with Bacillus globigii^ was...8217 Since that time. S . marcescens has been identified as an important cause of nosocomial infections of the past 30 years, predominantly in...found to be 99% identical to S . marcescens . These results demonstrate the ability to identify the contents of a biological munition that had been buried

Glossary of Terms and Definitions Concerning the Safety and Suitability for Service of Munitions, Explosives and Related Products (Glossaire de Termes et Definitions sur la Securite et L’Aptitude au Service de Munitions, Matieres Explosives et Produits Associes)

DTIC Science & Technology

2002-04-01

de mines à la mar jettisoned mine L lancement launch largage jettison largage de détresse en condition de sécurité safe...configuration logistique Etat des conditions d’un matériel prévu pour le stockage et le transport par voies de communication. Pour les munition...durée de vie en service, durée de vie opérationnelle, cycle de vie, conditions de stockage et de transit] ANNEX C to /ANNEXE C à

Subseabed storage of radioactive waste

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bell, Peter M.

The subject of the storage of nuclear wastes products incites emotional responses from the public, and thus the U.S. Subseabed Disposal Program will have to make a good case for waste storage beneath the ocean floor. The facts attendant, however, describe circumstances necessitating cool-headed analysis to achieve a solution to the growing nuclear waste problem. Emotion aside, a good case indeed is being made for safe disposal beneath the ocean floor.The problems of nuclear waste storage are acute. A year ago, U.S. military weapons production had accumulated over seventy-five million gallons of high-level radioactive liquid waste; solid wastes, such as spent nuclear fuel rods from reactors, amounted to more than 12,000 tons. These wastes are corrosive and will release heat for 1000 years or more. The wastes will remain dangerously radioactive for a period of 10,000 years. There are advantages in storing the wastes on land, in special underground repositories, or on the surface. These include the accessibility to monitor the waste and the possibility of taking action should a container rupture occur, and thus the major efforts to determine suitable disposal at this time are focused on land-based storage. New efforts, not to be confused with ocean dumping practices of the past, are demonstrating that waste containers isolated in the clays and sediments of the ocean floor may be superior (Environ. Sci. Tech., 16, 28A-37A 1982).

Tobacco Pricing in Military Stores: Views of Military Policy Leaders

PubMed Central

Jahnke, Sara A.; Poston, Walker S.C.; Malone, Ruth E.; Haddock, Christopher K.

2016-01-01

Introduction: Higher tobacco taxes reduce tobacco use. On military installations, cigarettes and other tobacco products are sold tax-free, keeping prices artificially low. Pricing regulations in the military specify that tobacco should be within 5% of the local most competitive price, but prices still average almost 13% lower than those at local Walmarts. Methods: To gain insight into policy leaders’ ideas and positions on military tobacco pricing, we interviewed members of the Department of Defense (DoD) Addictive Substances Misuse Advisory Committee and the Advisory Committee on Tobacco about tobacco pricing policies (n = 12). Results: Participants frequently lacked specific knowledge of details of military pricing policy, and the impact higher prices might have on military tobacco use. Most participants thought tobacco should not be sold at military stores, but many also felt that this policy change was unlikely due to tobacco industry pressure, and DoD reliance on tobacco profits to support Morale, Welfare, and Recreation funds. Conclusions: Achieving a tobacco-free military will require changing pricing policy, but this study suggests that for effective implementation, military leadership must also understand and articulate more clearly the rationale for doing so. Implications: Previous work has found that adherence to military tobacco pricing policy is inconsistent at best. This study suggests that lack of knowledge about the policy and conflicting pressures resulting from the funding stream tobacco sales represent extend to high level military policy leaders. Without clearer information and direction, these leaders are unlikely to be able to establish and implement better tobacco pricing policy. PMID:27146639

Physicochemical properties of an insensitive munitions compound, N-methyl-4-nitroaniline (MNA).

PubMed

Boddu, Veera M; Abburi, Krishnaiah; Maloney, Stephen W; Damavarapu, Reddy

2008-06-30

Accurate information on physicochemical properties of an organic contaminant is essential for predicting its environmental impact and fate. These properties also provide invaluable information for the overall understanding of environmental distribution, biotransformation, and potential treatment processes. In this study the aqueous solubility (Sw), octanol-water partition coefficient (Kow), and Henry's law constant (K(H)) were determined for an insensitive munitions (IM) compound, N-methyl-4-nitroaniline (MNA), at 298.15, 308.15, and 318.15 K. Effect of ionic strength on solubility, using electrolytes such as NaCl and CaCl2, was also studied. The data on the physicochemical parameters were correlated using the standard Van't Hoff equation. All three properties exhibited a linear relationship with reciprocal temperature. The enthalpy and entropy of phase transfer were derived from the experimental data.

Urban Joint Fire Support: Air Force Fixed-Wing and Army Field Artillery Precision Munitions Capabilities for Urban Operations

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-06-15

of 2006, the GBU - 39 /B Small Diameter Bomb (SDB) was first employed by Air Force aircraft (Weisgerber 2006). This newly developed munition was...Vertical, Limited horizontal 500# Impact, Delay ≤ 3m GBU-38 JDAM GPS/INS Vertical, Horizontal 500# Proximity, Impact, Delay ~10m GBU - 39 /B...between 5 to 15 nautical miles, though LGB maximum employment range may be further limited by the need to acquire and lase the target. The GBU - 39 offers

Characterizing emissions from open burning of military food waste and ration packaging compositions

EPA Science Inventory

Emissions from open burning of Meals, Ready-To-Eat (MRE) and MRE packaging were characterized in response to inhalation concerns at military forward operating bases. Emissions from four compositions of MREs and four types of packaging were compared to assess contributions of ind...

Military Curriculum Materials for Vocational and Technical Education. Plumbing Specialist 3-2. Volume 1.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ohio State Univ., Columbus. National Center for Research in Vocational Education.

This individualized, self-paced course for independent study in plumbing was adapted from military curriculum materials for use in vocational education. The course provides the theory to accompany on-the-job training in the plumbing trade. It provides basic information on job safety and tools, waste systems, and water supply systems and fixtures.…

Environmental Support Specialist, Blocks VI & VII, 17-7. Military Curriculum Materials for Vocational and Technical Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ohio State Univ., Columbus. National Center for Research in Vocational Education.

This military-developed text contains the final section of a four-part course to train environmental support specialists. Covered in the individual course blocks are maintenance of water and waste processing system components (external corrosion control, cathodic protection, drive equipment, pipelines and valves, meters and recorders, chemical…

Role of Iraqi Higher Education Institutes in Handling National/International Environmental and Health Challenges

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Al-Maliky, Salam J. Bash

2012-01-01

Huge environmental and health crises such as the use of Depleted Uranium (DU) munitions during the military activities against Iraq and the required responses are amongst the fields that Iraqi higher education institutions (HEIs) may have a crucial role. Similar international cases, such as Agent Orange (Vietnam), Three Mile Island (USA) and…

Identity and distribution of residues of energetic compounds at army live-fire training ranges.

PubMed

Jenkins, Thomas F; Hewitt, Alan D; Grant, Clarence L; Thiboutot, Sonia; Ampleman, Guy; Walsh, Marianne E; Ranney, Thomas A; Ramsey, Charles A; Palazzo, Antonio J; Pennington, Judith C

2006-05-01

Environmental investigations have been conducted at 23 military firing ranges in the United States and Canada. The specific training facilities most frequently evaluated were hand grenade, antitank rocket, and artillery ranges. Energetic compounds (explosives and propellants) were determined and linked to the type of munition used and the major mechanisms of deposition.

Improved survival in UK combat casualties from Iraq and Afghanistan: 2003-2012.

PubMed

Penn-Barwell, Jowan G; Roberts, Stuart A G; Midwinter, Mark J; Bishop, Jon R B

2015-05-01

The United Kingdom was at war in Iraq and Afghanistan for more than a decade. Despite assertions regarding advances in military trauma care during these wars, thus far, no studies have examined survival in UK troops during this sustained period of combat. The aims of this study were to examine temporal changes of injury patterns defined by body region and survival in a population of UK Military casualties between 2003 and 2012 in Iraq and Afghanistan. The UK Military Joint Theatre Trauma Registry was searched for all UK Military casualties (survivors and fatalities) sustained on operations between January 1, 2003, and December 31, 2012. The New Injury Severity Score (NISS) was used to stratify injury severity. There were 2,792 UK Military casualties sustaining 14,252 separate injuries during the study period. There were 608 fatalities (22% of all casualties). Approximately 70% of casualties injured in hostile action resulted from explosive munitions. The extremities were the most commonly injured body region, involved in 43% of all injuries. The NISS associated with a 50% chance of survival rose each year from 32 in 2003 to 60 in 2012. An improvement in survival during the 10-year period is demonstrated. A majority of wounds are a result of explosive munitions, and the extremities are the most commonly affected body region. The authors recommend the development of more sophisticated techniques for the measuring of the performance of combat casualty care systems to include measures of morbidity and functional recovery as well as survival. Epidemiologic study, level III.

Johnston Atoll Chemical Agent Disposal System (JACADS) Final Second Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement (SSEIS)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1990-06-01

This Final Second Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement (SSEIS) to the Johnston Atoll Chemical Agent Disposal System (JACADS) Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) assesses the effects of receiving, storing, and ultimately destructing the United States stockpile of lethal unitary chemical munitions currently stored in the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) (European stockpile) at the Army's JACADS facility located on Johnston Atoll in the Pacific Ocean. This Final SSEIS addresses the effects of the following proposed European stockpile activities: the transport of the European stockpile from the territorial limit to Johnston Island, the unloading of munitions from transportation ships, the on-island munitions transportmore » and handling, on-island munitions storage, the disposal of munitions in the JACADS facility, the disposal of incineration wastes, and alternatives to the proposed action. This document also updates information in the 1983 EIS and the 1988 SEIS, as appropriate. This volume contains reproduced letters from various agencies, reproduced written comments received from the public, and a transcript from the public meeting.« less

Large-Scale Laboratory Experiments of Incipient Motion, Transport, and Fate of Underwater Munitions Under Waves, Currents, and Combined Flows

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-12-01

little or no sediment cover (e.g., such as on coral reefs ) versus a sandy or muddy bottom. However, there is a dearth of direct observations made under...where there is little or no sediment cover (e.g., such as on coral reefs ) versus a sandy or muddy bottom. However, there is a dearth of direct...INTERIM REPORT Large-Scale Laboratory Experiments of Incipient Motion, Transport, and Fate of Underwater Munitions under Waves , Currents, and

Subchronic toxicity studies on 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene, l,3-dinitrobenzene, and tetryl in rats. Final report, 15 January 1992-20 September 1994

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Reddy, T.V.; Daniel, F.B.; Robinson, M.

Nitroaromatics, such as 1 ,3-dinitrobenzene (DNB), 1 ,3,5-trinitrobenzene (TN B), and N-methyl-N,2,4,6-tetranitroaniline (tetryl), have been detected as environmental contaminants of groundwater and soil near production sites and in some instances at military test grounds. DNB is formed as a by-product during 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) production. It is also formed through photochemical oxidative degradation of 2,4- dinitrotoluene a by-product released into the environment from TNT manufacturing (Spanggord et.al., 1980). DNB and TNB are not easily biodegradable, persist in the environment, eventually leach out, and contaminate groundwater near waste disposal sites. Tetryl is an explosive that has been in use, largely for militarymore » purposes, since 1906. Wastewaters and soil at the original production sites and other plants devoted to munitions assembly, contain large quantities of these compounds (Walsh and Jenkins, 1992).« less

Tobacco Pricing in Military Stores: Views of Military Policy Leaders.

PubMed

Smith, Elizabeth A; Jahnke, Sara A; Poston, Walker S C; Malone, Ruth E; Haddock, Christopher K

2016-10-01

Higher tobacco taxes reduce tobacco use. On military installations, cigarettes and other tobacco products are sold tax-free, keeping prices artificially low. Pricing regulations in the military specify that tobacco should be within 5% of the local most competitive price, but prices still average almost 13% lower than those at local Walmarts. To gain insight into policy leaders' ideas and positions on military tobacco pricing, we interviewed members of the Department of Defense (DoD) Addictive Substances Misuse Advisory Committee and the Advisory Committee on Tobacco about tobacco pricing policies (n = 12). Participants frequently lacked specific knowledge of details of military pricing policy, and the impact higher prices might have on military tobacco use. Most participants thought tobacco should not be sold at military stores, but many also felt that this policy change was unlikely due to tobacco industry pressure, and DoD reliance on tobacco profits to support Morale, Welfare, and Recreation funds. Achieving a tobacco-free military will require changing pricing policy, but this study suggests that for effective implementation, military leadership must also understand and articulate more clearly the rationale for doing so. Previous work has found that adherence to military tobacco pricing policy is inconsistent at best. This study suggests that lack of knowledge about the policy and conflicting pressures resulting from the funding stream tobacco sales represent extend to high level military policy leaders. Without clearer information and direction, these leaders are unlikely to be able to establish and implement better tobacco pricing policy. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

14 CFR 61.73 - Military pilots or former military pilots: Special rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Military pilots or former military pilots... TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIRMEN CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS Aircraft Ratings and Pilot Authorizations § 61.73 Military pilots or former military pilots: Special rules. (a...

Explosives Removal from Munitions Wastewaters

DTIC Science & Technology

1975-01-01

activated carbon columns. Waste water, for the study was drawn as needed from the effluent of the i diatomaceous earth filters and stored in an 800-gallon...explosive Laterials, such as DNT and nitrocresols, from waste streams. The loaded adsorbent can be regenerated with solvent. To minimize operating costs...most effective is fixed-bed adsorption followir.nI clarification and filtration to remove suspended j solids. Activated carbon adsorbent is used at a

New Generation of Military Members Provides Opportunity to Reform Military Benefits

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-03-01

only 9% for those in companies with less than a 100 workers. A 2008 survey found that 72% of employees cite retirement benefits as an important factor...New Generation of Military Members Provides Opportunity to Reform Military Benefits by Lieutenant Colonel Todd D...SUBTITLE New Generation of Military Members Provides Opportunity to Reform Military Benefits 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c

Burn hazards of the deployed environment in wartime: epidemiology of noncombat burns from ongoing United States military operations.

PubMed

Kauvar, David S; Wade, Charles E; Baer, David G

2009-10-01

Service in the deployed military environment carries risks for accidental (noncombat-related) burns. Examining these risks can assist in the development of military burn prevention measures. This study endeavored to examine noncombat burn epidemiology in the context of similar civilian data. We performed a retrospective cohort study of consecutive casualties evacuated from operational military theaters in Iraq and Afghanistan to the sole tertiary military burn center in the US. Military data were compared with database samples of the US population from the American Burn Association and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The main causes of the 180 noncombat burns seen from March 2003 to June 2008 were waste burning, fuel mishaps, and unintentional ordinance detonations. Overall prevalence of noncombat burns was 19.5 burns/100,000 person-years lived. If causes specific to military operations are removed, military prevalence was 13.0/100,000. More than one-third of noncombat burns occurred in the first year of the study; a period of stability followed. A similar US population had an accidental burn prevalence of 7.1/100,000 from 2003 to 2007. Burn size, presence of inhalation injury, and burn center mortality were not different from those in a similar civilian cohort. Deployed service members have a greater risk of unintentional burns than a similar civilian cohort does. This is in part because of the specific dangers of military activities. More attention to deployed military burn prevention is needed, especially early in combat support operations.

A review of the environmental corrosion, fate and bioavailability of munitions grade depleted uranium.

PubMed

Handley-Sidhu, Stephanie; Keith-Roach, Miranda J; Lloyd, Jonathan R; Vaughan, David J

2010-11-01

Depleted uranium (DU) is a by-product of nuclear fuel enrichment and is used in antitank penetrators due to its high density, self-sharpening, and pyrophoric properties. Military activities have left a legacy of DU waste in terrestrial and marine environments, and there have been only limited attempts to clean up affected environments. Ten years ago, very little information was available on the dispersion of DU as penetrators hit their targets or the fate of DU penetrators left behind in environmental systems. However, the marked increase in research since then has improved our knowledge of the environmental impact of firing DU and the factors that control the corrosion of DU and its subsequent migration through the environment. In this paper, the literature is reviewed and consolidated to provide a detailed overview of the current understanding of the environmental behaviour of DU and to highlight areas that need further consideration. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Soviet Military Power

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-04-01

The Soviet build-up is made possible by a national policy that has con - sistently made military materiel production its highest economic priority...classes of consumable supplies and war reserve equipment available in the USSR, as well as transport, repair and con - struction units. It includes a...the Soviet military establishment r and to the continuing growth and moderniza-tion of Soviet military power. The CPSU con .-..•_"" trols military

Toxicokinetic Model Development for the Insensitive Munitions Component 2,4-Dinitroanisole.

PubMed

Sweeney, Lisa M; Goodwin, Michelle R; Hulgan, Angela D; Gut, Chester P; Bannon, Desmond I

2015-01-01

The Armed Forces are developing new explosives that are less susceptible to unintentional detonation (insensitive munitions [IMX]). 2,4-Dinitroanisole (DNAN) is a component of IMX. Toxicokinetic data for DNAN are required to support interpretation of toxicology studies and refinement of dose estimates for human risk assessment. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were dosed by gavage (5, 20, or 80 mg DNAN/kg), and blood and tissue samples were analyzed to determine the levels of DNAN and its metabolite 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP). These data and data from the literature were used to develop preliminary physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models. The model simulations indicated saturable metabolism of DNAN in rats at higher tested doses. The PBPK model was extrapolated to estimate the toxicokinetics of DNAN and DNP in humans, allowing the estimation of human-equivalent no-effect levels of DNAN exposure from no-observed adverse effect levels determined in laboratory animals, which may guide the selection of exposure limits for DNAN. © The Author(s) 2015.

15 CFR 768.1 - Introduction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... item. Sufficient quantity. The amount of an item that would render the U.S. export control, or the... the quantity that meets the military needs of that country so that U.S. exports of the item to that... items that were formerly controlled on the U.S. Munitions List and that were transferred to the Commerce...

15 CFR 768.1 - Introduction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... item. Sufficient quantity. The amount of an item that would render the U.S. export control, or the... the quantity that meets the military needs of that country so that U.S. exports of the item to that... items that were formerly controlled on the U.S. Munitions List and that were transferred to the Commerce...

15 CFR 768.1 - Introduction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... item. Sufficient quantity. The amount of an item that would render the U.S. export control, or the... the quantity that meets the military needs of that country so that U.S. exports of the item to that... items that were formerly controlled on the U.S. Munitions List and that were transferred to the Commerce...

15 CFR 768.1 - Introduction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... item. Sufficient quantity. The amount of an item that would render the U.S. export control, or the... the quantity that meets the military needs of that country so that U.S. exports of the item to that... items that were formerly controlled on the U.S. Munitions List and that were transferred to the Commerce...

15 CFR 768.1 - Introduction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... item. Sufficient quantity. The amount of an item that would render the U.S. export control, or the... the quantity that meets the military needs of that country so that U.S. exports of the item to that... items that were formerly controlled on the U.S. Munitions List and that were transferred to the Commerce...

75 FR 15388 - Amendment to the International Traffic in Arms Regulations: Removing Requirement for Prior...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-29

... significant military equipment valued at $14,000,000 or more (other than a member of NATO, Australia, New... export of an item on the U.S. Munitions List, valued at $7,000,000 or more for use by the armed forces of... the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), Australia, Japan, or New Zealand, except with respect...

Defence Capability Plan 2009 (Australian Department of Defence). Public Version

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-01-24

workings or Intellectual Property . > Armoured vehicles. This capability relates to the repair, maintenance and some upgrades of specialist military...cryptographic equipment. > Composite and exotic materials. This is the ability to repair specialist alloys and composite materials, to develop new...manufacture of some high usage munitions, ammunition components, propellants and explosives. > Signature management. Includes the capabilities and coatings

Chemical elimination of the harmful properties of asbestos from military facilities.

PubMed

Pawełczyk, Adam; Božek, František; Grabas, Kazimierz; Chęcmanowski, Jacek

2017-03-01

This work presents research on the neutralization of asbestos banned from military use and its conversion to usable products. The studies showed that asbestos can be decomposed by the use of phosphoric acid. The process proved very effective when the phosphoric acid concentration was 30%, the temperature was 90°C and the reaction time 60min. Contrary to the common asbestos treatment method that consists of landfilling, the proposed process ensures elimination of the harmful properties of this waste material and its transformation into inert substances. The obtained products include calcium phosphate, magnesium phosphate and silica. Chemical, microscopic and X-ray analyses proved that the products are free of harmful fibers and can be, in particular, utilized for fertilizers production. The obtained results may contribute to development of an asbestos utilization technique that fits well into the European waste policy, regulated by the EU waste management law. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Military tropical medicine.

PubMed

Bailey, M S; Ellis, C J

2009-03-01

Tropical diseases remain a significant threat to deployed military personnel as demonstrated by recent outbreaks amongst troops in Sierra Leone, Iraq and Afghanistan. Five cases are presented from military deployments in tropical or sub-tropical areas, which illustrate important diseases and diagnostic principles for military physicians.

Military Retirement Benefits.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-05-17

RD-fi49 439 MILITARY RETIREMENT BENEFITS (U) ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE i/i 7" BARRACKS PA J D MEDLIN V MAY 84UNCLASSIFIED F/6 5/9 NL E=hhhhIhh SENSEhhhhh...appropriate military service or government agency. MILITARY RETIREMENT BENEFITS BY COLONEL JACK D. MEDLIN MEDICAL SERVICE cl- " JAN25 C r- Y4 . S17 MY...PERIOD COVERED Military Retirement Benefits S 6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER 7. AUTHOR(e) 6. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER() Colonel Jack D. Medlin

Environmental genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in flounder (Platichthys flesus), herring (Clupea harengus) and Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) from chemical munitions dumping zones in the southern Baltic Sea.

PubMed

Baršienė, Janina; Butrimavičienė, Laura; Grygiel, Wlodzimierz; Lang, Thomas; Michailovas, Aleksandras; Jackūnas, Tomas

2014-05-01

The data on environmental genotoxicity and cytotoxicity levels as well as on genotoxicity risk in flounder (Platichthys flesus), herring (Clupea harengus) and cod (Gadus morhua) collected in 2010-2012 at 42 stations located in chemical munitions dumping areas of the southern Baltic Sea are presented. The frequency of micronuclei, nuclear buds and nucleoplasmic bridges in erythrocytes was used as genotoxicity endpoint and the induction of fragmented-apoptotic, bi-nucleated and 8-shaped erythrocytes as cytotoxicity endpoint. The most significantly increased geno-cytotoxicity levels were determined in fish collected near known chemical munitions dumpsites. Extremely high genotoxicity risk for flounder were identified at 21 out of 24 stations, for herring at 29 out of 31 and for cod at 5 out of 10 stations studied. The reference level of genotoxicity was not recorded at any of the stations revealing that in the sampling area fish were affected generally. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Military Responsibility

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-05-03

NAVAL WAR COLLEGE C) OD MILITARY RESPONSIBILITY by Captain Yedidiah Ya’ari, ISN D T IC 3 Nay 1988 SELECTED E A paper submitted to the ADM Colbert...ELEMENT NO. NO. NO. CCESSION NO. 1. TITLE (kxhl* Secur4 y S saflcation Military Responsibility 12. PERSONAL AUTHOR(S) CAPT Yedidiah Ya’Ar ISN 13a TYPE...GROUP Military Responsibility 19. ABSTRACT (Continw on reverse if 1Nceury and identi by block winbed An attempt to expose the inner basis of the

Gaining New Military Capability: An Experiment in Concept Development.

DTIC Science & Technology

1998-01-01

Angeles Police Department ( LAPD ) were invited, at- tended, and made important contributions.1 ORGANIZING COG DISCUSSIONS We sought to structure COG...Terry Covington, RAND; Charles Duke, Los Angeles Police Department ; Gene Gritton, RAND; Thomas Karr, Lawrence Livermore Laboratory; LTC Will Irwin, USA...Munition Joint Requirements Oversight Council Joint Stand-off Weapon Joint Strategic Tracking and Radar System Laser radar Los Angeles Police

Department of Defense Operational Range Sustainability through Management of Munitions Constituents

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-04-01

the MCs resulting from military training activities on ranges, to characterize the environmental deposition of MCs on military ranges, and to develop...technologies to manage or contain MCs in soil and groundwater. The results from these efforts can be found in numerous technical reports and journal...groundwater flow rate (if available), aquifer characteristics, monitoring well logs (if available), and historical sampling and analytical results

Inaugural editorial: Military Medical Research.

PubMed

Ren, Guo-Quan

2014-01-01

Military medicine is one of the most innovative part of human civilization. Along with the rapid development of medicine and advances in military techniques, military medicine has become the focus and intersection of new knowledge and new technologies. Innovation and development within military medicine are always ongoing, with a long and challenging path ahead. The establishment of "Military Medical Research" is expected to be a bounden responsibility in the frontline of Chinese military medicine.

Volunteerism Among Military Families

DTIC Science & Technology

1998-07-01

Project on Volunteerism Among Military Families . Associate Professor and Coordinator of the Nonprofit Management Concentration in the Department of...Marywood UNIVERSITY MF| Research Report 98-1 Volunteerism Among Military Families Sherry J. Fontaine Mark A. Brennan C. Estelle Campenni...Kipling C. Lavo July 1998 MILITARY FAMILY INSTITUTE MARYWOOD UNIVERSITY, SCRANTON, PA Itfi r>o Military Family Institute MARYWOOD UNIVERSITY a

What Military Officers Need to Know About Civil-Military Relations

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-04-01

2012, Vol. 65, No. 2 Mackubin Thomas Owens ivil-military relations describe the interactions among the people of a state, the institutions of that...civilians for the unexpect- edly difficult occupation of Iraq,” one close observer—U.S. Army major Isaiah Wilson III, an official historian of the...U.S. Civil- Military Relations. 4. I have addressed these questions in depth in Mackubin Thomas Owens, US Civil-Military Relations after 9/11

Arsenic and Old Mustard: Chemical Problems of Old Arsenical and 'Mustard' Munitions (Joseph F. Bunnett and Marian Mikotajczyk, Eds.)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Garrett, Benjamin

1999-10-01

What do Knute Rockne, Notre Dame's famed football coach, and Lewisite, a chemical warfare agent dubbed "the dew of death", have in common? Both owe their discovery to Father Julius Arthur Nieuwland.1 Rockne's legacy lives on in the Fighting Irish and their tradition of excellence on the gridiron. Lewisite, together with other arsenical- and mustard-type chemical warfare agents, provide a legacy that lives on, too, but with less cheerful consequences. The book Arsenic and Old Mustard: Chemical Problems of Old Arsenical and 'Mustard' Munitions makes clear the challenges faced in dealing with those consequences. This book documents the proceedings of a workshop devoted to arsenical- and mustard-type chemical warfare agents and their associated munitions. The workshop, held in Poland in 1996, included nine lectures, eight posters, and three discussion groups; and the contents of all these are presented. Major support for the workshop came from the Scientific Affairs Division of NATO as part of on ongoing series of meetings, cooperative research projects, and related efforts dealing with problems leftover from the Cold War and, in the case of the arsenicals and mustards, from conflicts dating to World War I. These problems can be seen in contemporary accounts, including a January 1999 news report that the U.S. Department of Defense intends to survey Washington, DC, areas near both American University and the Catholic University of America (CUA), site of the original synthesis of Lewisite, for chemical warfare agents and other materials disposed at the end of World War I.2 The first nine chapters of the book present the workshop's lectures. Of these, readers interested in chemical weapon destruction might find especially useful the first chapter, in which Ron Mansley of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons presents a scholarly overview covering historical aspects of the arsenicals and mustards; their production and use; prospective destruction

Fundamental characteristics of input waste of small MSW incinerators in Korea.

PubMed

Choi, Ki-In; Lee, Suk-Hui; Lee, Dong-Hoon; Osako, Masahiro

2008-11-01

Waste incineration in a small incinerator is a simple and convenient way of treating waste discharged from small areas or from large facilities and buildings such as business centers, marketplaces, factories, and military units. Despite their ostensible advantages, however, many small incinerators frequently suffer from serious problems, e.g., unsystematic waste feeding, unstable combustion, deficient air pollution control devices, and consequently, environmental pollution. To obtain a better understanding of the characterization of wastes in small incinerators, we investigated a series of fundamental characteristics, i.e., physical composition, bulk density, proximate and ultimate analysis, potential energy content, and so on. The main waste components in small incinerators were identified as paper and plastic; the proportion of food waste was less than that in large incinerators. Especially, a low ratio of food waste had a strong influence on other waste characteristics, e.g., lower moisture content and bulk density, and higher potential energy. On the other hand, in contrast with that of HCl, there was no distinguishable linear relationship between Cl content in waste and PCDD/DF concentration in combustion gas.

46th Annual Gun and Missile Systems Conference and Exhibition. Volume 2. Wednesday

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-09-01

military/systems/munitions/images/ Page 7 Designing for Operational Challenges  Gun hardening – Multiple charges • Angular acceleration variation ...The industrial base overestimated readiness at SDD start – Analysis/models were naive • Impulsive loads — pressure variation — SOM under impulse...Manufacture and Producibility Branch, US Army Armament Research, Development and Engineering Center • Alan Sweet and William Goldberg , Packaging Division

The Importance of Military Cultural Competence.

PubMed

Meyer, Eric G; Writer, Brian W; Brim, William

2016-03-01

Military cultural competence has recently gained national attention. Experts have posited that limited outcomes in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression in the military may be related to limited familiarity with the military. National surveys have indicated low military cultural competence among providers and limited educational efforts on military culture or pertinent military pathology in medical schools and residency training programs. Military families, with their own unique military cultural identity, have been identified as a population with increased risks associated with deployment. In response to these findings, several curricula regarding military culture have been established and widely distributed. Assessments of military cultural competence have also been developed. The clinical impact of enhanced cultural competence in general has thus far been limited. The military, however, with its highly prescribed cultural identity, may be a model culture for further study.

The Public Health Service role in the disposal of chemical munitions.

PubMed Central

Brown, S T; Anderson, L W; Caldwell, G G

1985-01-01

Within the last decade, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) has increasingly emphasized environmental public health activities. The Center for Environmental Health (CEH), one of nine major units of the CDC, was established as a focus for assessment and prevention of environmentally related diseases. Many new, legislatively mandated programs have been delegated to CEH. One such mandated responsibility in Public Laws 91-121 and 91-441 directs the Department of Health and Human Services or its designee to review the Department of Defense (DOD) plans to dispose of or to transport chemical warfare agents. The Chemical Munitions Demilitarization Program, CEH, reviews DOD plans and makes recommendations to ensure that hazards to public health and safety have been provided for in the plans. In addition, these CEH staffers periodically review approved activities at DOD facilities, assessing their monitoring and evaluation programs. CEH staffers also contact State and local health and environmental agencies to identify and evaluate any concerns of the agencies or the public relating to these activities. PMID:2991969

Impact of Military Lifestyle on Military Spouses' Educational and Career Goals

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ott, Laura E.; Kellley Morgan, Jessica; Akroyd, H. Duane

2018-01-01

The military lifestyle imposes unique challenges for military spouses in regards to their education and careers. To help alleviate these challenges, military spouses are encouraged to pursue portable career paths. This causes one to question whether spouses desire these portable careers and what influences spouses place on pursuing specific…

Deployment of military mothers: supportive and nonsupportive military programs, processes, and policies.

PubMed

Goodman, Petra; Turner, Annette; Agazio, Janice; Throop, Meryia; Padden, Diane; Greiner, Shawna; Hillier, Shannon L

2013-07-01

Military mothers and their children cope with unique issues when mothers are deployed. In this article, we present mothers' perspectives on how military resources affected them, their children, and their caregivers during deployment. Mothers described beneficial features of military programs such as family readiness groups and behavioral health care, processes such as unit support, and policies on length and timing of deployments. Aspects that were not supportive included inflexibility in family care plans, using personal leave time and funds for transporting children, denial of release to resolve caretaker issues, and limited time for reintegration. We offer recommendations for enhanced support to these families that the military could provide. Reprint & Copyright © 2013 Association of Military Surgeons of the U.S.

Assassination: A Military View.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-03-23

Assassination: A Military View Individual Essay S. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER 7. AUTI4OR(e) S. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMGER(e) COL Charles K. Eden S...CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE(hen Data Entered) USAWC MILITARY STUDIES PROGRAM PAPER ASSASSINATION: A MILITARY VILW An Individual Essay hceess ’. :’r by...Military View FORMAT: Individual Essay DATE: 23 March 1987 PAGES: 17 CLASSIFICATION: Unclassified -Assassination is a topic with which most Americans

Is Military Science Scientific?

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-01-01

application of military theory, as expressed through strategy, doctrine, and planning, was becoming more of a science and less of an art . This perspective...noting that “no empirical science , consequently also no theory of the art of war, can always cor- roborate its truths by historical proof.”26...84 Commentary / Is Military Science “Scientific”? JFQ 75, 4th Quarter 2014 Is Military Science “Scientific”? By Glenn Voelz T he term military

Very-high-resolution seismic and magnetic investigations of a chemical munition dumpsite in the Baltic Sea

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Missiaen, Tine; Feller, Pascal

2008-09-01

Very-high-resolution (VHR) seismic and magnetic investigations were carried out over a chemical munition dumpsite in the Bornholm Basin, south-western Baltic Sea. The main goal of the investigations was to image the shallow internal structure of the dumpsite and to map the lateral and vertical distribution of the dumped war material. The shallow geology was imaged in great detail on the seismic data. Seven seismic-stratigraphic units were identified, related to different stages in the Holocene and late-glacial history. A large number of diapir-like features were observed that most likely represent fluid expulsion phenomena. Four shipwrecks were identified in the dumpsite area. The wrecks have partly sunk into the soft upper sediments, their height above the sea floor reaching no more than 2 m. Seismic and magnetic data indicate the presence of a large number of buried objects. In most cases there is a good correlation between the seismic and magnetic data sets. The objects are generally buried no deeper than 1 to 2 m. Their size varies between 1.5 and 5 m, occasionally up to 10 m. Shallow pits in the sea bed are likely due to the impact of dumping. The data confirm the wide variety of dumped war material ranging from bombs and shells to encasements and containers. The distribution of the buried objects seems rather heterogeneous, with locally high object concentrations surrounded by areas of lower object density. The results of this case study demonstrate the benefit of complementary, concurrent geophysical investigations for munition dumpsite research. Finally this will yield a better assessment of the current status of the dumpsite and the possible ecological risks related to the dumped war material.

Visible and infrared remote imaging of hazardous waste: A review

USGS Publications Warehouse

Slonecker, Terrence; Fisher, Gary B.; Aiello, Danielle P.; Haack, Barry

2010-01-01

One of the critical global environmental problems is human and ecological exposure to hazardous wastes from agricultural, industrial, military and mining activities. These wastes often include heavy metals, hydrocarbons and other organic chemicals. Traditional field and laboratory detection and monitoring of these wastes are generally expensive and time consuming. The synoptic perspective of overhead remote imaging can be very useful for the detection and remediation of hazardous wastes. Aerial photography has a long and effective record in waste site evaluations. Aerial photographic archives allow temporal evaluation and change detection by visual interpretation. Multispectral aircraft and satellite systems have been successfully employed in both spectral and morphological analysis of hazardous wastes on the landscape and emerging hyperspectral sensors have permitted determination of the specific contaminants by processing strategies using the tens or hundreds of acquired wavelengths in the solar reflected and/or thermal infrared parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. This paper reviews the literature of remote sensing and overhead imaging in the context of hazardous waste and discusses future monitoring needs and emerging scientific research areas.

USSR Report. Military Affairs: Foreign Military Review. No 7, July 1986

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-12-19

MILITARY ECONOMICS , INFRASTRUCTURE Military Industrial Cooperation in NATO (pp 57-67) (D. Nilov) (Not translated) Military-Geographic Description of... economic development of the USSR and for socialist and democratic successes. The documents and ideas of the 27th CPSU Congress continued to arouse...operation of the principle of socialist internationalism within its framework. It is graphically displayed in the forms of political, economic and

The role of military medicine in military civic action.

PubMed

Luz, G A; De Pauw, J W; Gaydos, J C; Hooper, R R; Legters, L J

1993-06-01

We are moving into an era when U.S. military forces will be called upon frequently to perform military civic action (MCA) projects. Such projects, have been used successfully and unsuccessfully, primarily in the areas of medicine and engineering, to enhance the standing of military forces with indigenous populations. However, the available criteria for planning and assessing MCA projects are not widely known. These related and overlapping criteria are supported by facts, interpretative data, anecdotes, and common sense, but none can be considered absolute. Selected criteria are defined, reviewed, and illustrated with examples of past successes and failures.

Sociometric approaches for managing military units and predicting of behavior of military personnel

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kudro, Nataliya M.; Puzikova, Svetlana M.

2017-09-01

In the Republic of Kazakhstan military service becomes attractive primarily for that category of people who have no opportunity to acquire high quality vocational or higher education, decent income by the speciality available, or those who have not yet identified themselves professionally and socially. Its a serious problem how to ensure ability of military units to execute their service duties in conditions of more and more increasing requirements for professional competences of military personnel, increased intellectualization of military service when the quality of "human material" often is not corresponding to the required standards. This problem in the national and foreign science is still being developed and has no final solutions accessible for the scientific society. This article presents an effort to offer specialists in the military administration area one of probable tools to forecast successfulness of execution of professional tasks by military units based on results of sociometric studies and algorithms of plotting Bayesian networks. Using these tools a military leader will be able to evaluate effectiveness of his managerial activity, correct mechanisms of individual and mentoring activity with regard to individual servicemen, provide an opportunity to eliminate risks of failing to fulfill professional tasks on time and failing to ensure combat readiness of entrusted military team.

Military Discrimination.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hunter, Richard W.

1981-01-01

Argues that while a certain level of fairness is necessary in considering the equity of compulsory military service, the most important issue is that of "winning the war." Also asserts that sex, age, and race discrimination are more important than social class discrimination in military service. (Author/GC)

Observing Migration and Burial of Unexploded Ordnance in the Nearshore Environment with Instrumented Surrogates

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bruder, B. L.; Cristaudo, D.; Puleo, J. A.

2016-12-01

Prior to 1972, it was legal and common practice to unload unexploded ordnance (UXO) into the ocean. Only 60-100 miles off the US coast alone there are 72 dumping sites where it is estimated 31 million pounds of UXO lie. As recently as 2015, UXO have been found not only in the nearshore environment, but on populated beaches. Thus, understanding the migration and burial of these objects is not only of oceanographic interest, but a matter of public safety. The presented project evaluates the efficacy of instrumented UXO surrogates for observing munition migration and burial. Instrumented surrogates were exposed to near prototype scale wave conditions over a mobile bed at the Littoral Warfare Environment at Aberdeen Test Center, MD. Surrogates were deployed in the swash zone, inner and outer surf zones. Dependent on munition size, surrogates housed multiple suites of self-logging sensors. Sensor suites included different combinations of inertial motion units, ultra-wideband tracking tags, pressure transducers, shock recorders, and photocells. Preliminary results show sensor suites can resolve various types of surrogate movement. Pressure transducers accurately record ambient wave conditions as well as changes in mean depth due to surrogate migration. Inertial motion units resolve munition accelerations for rolling and translational motion. Inertial motion unit data is used to estimate trajectory as well when coupled with mean depth and bathymetric data. Photocells, which measure ambient light, resolve munition burial as well as serve as proxies for surrounding environmental conditions such as suspended sediment and water depth. The presented project will continue to utilize and couple surrogate sensor data to resolve munition movement and burial under different conditions. Knowledge of munition migration helps focus UXO detection and recovery, conserving US military and coastal resources.

Numerical Simulation of Hydrothermal Salt Separation Process and Analysis and Cost Estimating of Shipboard Liquid Waste Disposal

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-06-01

possible means to improve a variety of processes: supercritical water in steam Rankine cycles (fossil-fuel powered plants), supercritical carbon ... dioxide and supercritical water in advanced nuclear power plants, and oxidation in supercritical water for use in destroying toxic military wastes and...destruction technologies are installed in a class of ship. Additionally, the properties of one waste water destruction medium, supercritical

Degradation of high energetic and insensitive munitions compounds by Fe/Cu bimetal reduction.

PubMed

Koutsospyros, Agamemnon; Pavlov, Julius; Fawcett, Jacqueline; Strickland, David; Smolinski, Benjamin; Braida, Washington

2012-06-15

A reductive technology based on a completely mixed two-phase reactor (bimetallic particles and aqueous stream) was developed for the treatment of aqueous effluents contaminated with nitramines and nitro-substituted energetic materials. Experimental degradation studies were performed using solutions of three high energetics (RDX, HMX, TNT) and three insensitive-munitions components (NTO, NQ, DNAN). The study shows that, on laboratory scale, these energetic compounds are easily degraded in solution by suspensions of bimetallic particles (Fe/Ni and Fe/Cu) prepared by electro-less deposition. The type of bimetal pair (Fe/Cu or Fe/Ni) does not appear to affect the degradation kinetics of RDX, HMX, and TNT. The degradation of all components followed apparent first-order kinetics. The half-lives of all compounds except NTO were under 10 min. Additional parameters affecting the degradation processes were solids loading and initial pH. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Sino-American Military Relations: Determinants of Policy and Corresponding Military Responsiveness

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-03-01

military medicine, administration, and a host of non -combat related areas10 Similar priorities and methods can be seen in official documents such as the...with the national foreign policy, the PLA conducts military cooperation that is non -aligned, non -confrontational and not directed against any third...benefit. It takes part in bilateral or multilateral joint military exercises in non -traditional security fields so as to enhance the joint

Cigarette Prices in Military Retail: A Review and Proposal for Advancing Military Health Policy

PubMed Central

Haddock, Christopher K.; Jahnke, Sara A.; Poston, Walker S.C.; Williams, Larry N.

2013-01-01

Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States (US) and has been demonstrated to significantly harm the combat readiness of military personnel. Unfortunately, recent research demonstrated that cigarettes are sold at substantial discounts in military retail outlets. In fact, the military is the only retailer which consistently loses money on tobacco. Cheap tobacco prices have been identified by enlisted personnel and Department of Defense health policy experts as promoting a culture of tobacco use in the US Military. This paper provides an analysis of why current military tobacco pricing policy has failed to eliminate cheap tobacco prices as an incentive for use. A rationale for increasing tobacco prices also is presented along with recommendations for improved military tobacco control policy. PMID:23756017

[Hygienic characteristics of daily ration, designed for military servicemen doing call-up military service].

PubMed

Smagulov, N K; Mukhametzhanov, A M

2016-01-01

The article gives the hygienic characteristics of the daily diet of soldiers doing call-up military service. The object of study--military servicemen aged 18-22 years doing call-up military service. The material of the study data was obtained from a continuous cross-sectional study of dietary intake among military personnel. Investigation pointed out that consumption of nutrients and energy value of the surveyed military personnel was broadly in accordance with recommended physiological requirements for nutrients and energy for this age group. However; despite the adequacy of energy supply, showed signs of imbalance on the nutrients of rations provided in the military establishment. Structure of consumption of products is not in full compliance with the existing recommendations of the Kazakh academy of Nutrition.

Obesity and the US Military Family

PubMed Central

Tanofsky-Kraff, Marian; Sbrocco, Tracy; Theim, Kelly R.; Cohen, L. Adelyn; Mackey, Eleanor R.; Stice, Eric; Henderson, Jennifer L.; McCreight, Sarah J.; Bryant, Edny J.; Stephens, Mark B.

2014-01-01

Objective This review discusses the current knowledge and future directions regarding obesity within the US military family (i.e., active-duty servicemembers, as well as military spouses, children, retirees, and veterans). The increasing rates of overweight and obesity within the US military adversely impact military readiness, limit recruitment, and place a significant financial burden on the Department of Defense. Design and Methods The following topics are reviewed: 1) The prevalence of and the financial, physical, and psychological costs associated with overweight in military communities; 2) military weight regulations, and challenges faced by the military family related to overweight and disordered eating; 3) the continued need for rigorous program evaluations and new intervention development. Results Overweight and its associated sequelae impact the entire military family. Military families share many similarities with their civilian counterparts, but they face unique challenges (e.g., stress related to deployments and relocations). Although the military has weight management resources, there is an urgent need for rigorous program evaluation and the development of enhanced obesity prevention programs across the lifespan of the military family–several of which are proposed herein. Conclusions Interdisciplinary and collaborative research efforts and team-based interventions will continue to inform understanding of obesity treatment and prevention within military and civilian populations. PMID:23836452

The Reasons for Living Scale-Military Version: Assessing Protective Factors Against Suicide in a Military Sample.

PubMed

Deutsch, Anne-Marie; Lande, R Gregory

2017-07-01

Military suicide rates have been rising over the past decade and continue to challenge military treatment facilities. Assessing suicide risk and improving treatments are a large part of the mission for clinicians who work with uniformed service members. This study attempts to expand the toolkit of military suicide prevention by focusing on protective factors over risk factors. In 1983, Marsha Linehan published a checklist called the Reasons for Living Scale, which asked subjects to check the reasons they choose to continue living, rather than choosing suicide. The authors of this article hypothesized that military service members may have different or additional reasons to live which may relate to their military service. They created a new version of Linehan's inventory by adding protective factors related to military life. The purpose of these additions was to make the inventory more acceptable and relevant to the military population, as well as to identify whether these items constitute a separate subscale as distinguished from previously identified factors. A commonly used assessment tool, the Reasons for Living Inventory (RFL) designed by Marsha Linehan, was expanded to offer items geared to the military population. The RFL presents users with a list of items which may be reasons to not commit suicide (e.g., "I have a responsibility and commitment to my family"). The authors used focus groups of staff and patients in a military psychiatric partial hospitalization program to identify military-centric reasons to live. This process yielded 20 distinct items which were added to Linehan's original list of 48. This expanded list became the Reasons for Living-Military Version. A sample of 200 patients in the military partial hospitalization program completed the inventory at time of or close to admission. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board at Walter Reed National Military Center for adhering to ethical principles related to pursuing research

Toxicities of RDX or TNT Freshly Amended or Weathered-and-Aged in Five Natural Soils to the Collembolan Folsomia candida

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-05-01

Biodegradation of Nitroaromatic Compounds; Spain, J.C., Ed.; Plenum Press: New York , 1995; pp 69–85. Renoux, A.Y.; Sarrazin, M.; Hawari, J.; Sunahara...in Contaminated Soil. In Biodegradation of Nitroaromatic Compounds. Spain, J.C., Ed.; Plenum Press: New York , 1995; pp 1–18. Robidoux, P.Y...CANDIDA 1. INTRODUCTION Many sites associated with military operations that involve munition manufacturing, disposal , testing, and training

Review of Army Analysis. Volume 2. Appendixes C-M

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-04-01

In most Army studies, the identifica-tion of new or changed alternatives occurs during the study de - spite efforts at early deflnition, Study...in time to support each major acquisition de -V..i cision milestone, Operational testing activities are similiarly timed, Thus, it frequently occurs...Engineer School i. Transportation School J. Quarter Master School k. Missile & Munition School 1. Intelligence School ! m. Signal School ii. Military

Reflections of a Wave: An Analysis of Photonic Doppler Velocimetry Systems

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-03-16

system employed by the Advanced Initiation Sciences team, (Munitions Direc - torate, AFRL) is capable of explosive sensitivity testing. The errors from...1961, experiments proved that Semenov Theory aligned well with well- stirred liquids [25, p. 179]. In combat applications, the military usually utilizes...solid explosives instead of liquid ones due to the higher stability of solid-molded explosives where conduction has a huge influence on initiation

Public Laws Authorization and Appropriations Acts 1969-2007 for the U.S. Army Chemical Materials Agency

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-11-06

agents, chemical herbicides , smoke and other obscuration materials. (2) The term "lethal chemical agent and munition" means a chemical agent or...military purposes and harmless to human beings under normal circumstances. (k) EFFECTIVE DATE -- The provisions of this section shall take effect on...the ecological and physiological dangers inherent in the use of herbicides , and (B) the 117 ecological and Physiological effects of the defoliation