Radiation Exposure from CT Scans: How to Close Our Knowledge Gaps, Monitor and Safeguard Exposure—Proceedings and Recommendations of the Radiation Dose Summit, Sponsored by NIBIB, February 24–25, 2011

PubMed Central

Boone, John M.; Hendee, William R.; McNitt-Gray, Michael F.

2012-01-01

This article summarizes the proceedings of a portion of the Radiation Dose Summit, which was organized by the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering and held in Bethesda, Maryland, in February 2011. The current understandings of ways to optimize the benefit-risk ratio of computed tomography (CT) examinations are summarized and recommendations are made for priority areas of research to close existing gaps in our knowledge. The prospects of achieving a submillisievert effective dose CT examination routinely are assessed. © RSNA, 2012 PMID:22966066

Mental Health in the Workplace: A Call to Action Proceedings from the Mental Health in the Workplace: Public Health Summit

PubMed Central

Goetzel, Ron Z.; Roemer, Enid Chung; Holingue, Calliope; Fallin, M. Daniele; McCleary, Katherine; Eaton, William; Agnew, Jacqueline; Azocar, Francisca; Ballard, David; Bartlett, John; Braga, Michael; Conway, Heidi; Crighton, K. Andrew; Frank, Richard; Jinnett, Kim; Keller-Greene, Debra; Rauch, Sara Martin; Safeer, Richard; Saporito, Dick; Schill, Anita; Shern, David; Strecher, Victor; Wald, Peter; Wang, Philip; Mattingly, C. Richard

2018-01-01

Objective To declare a call to action to improve mental health in the workplace. Methods We convened a public health summit and assembled an Advisory Council consisting of experts in the field of occupational health and safety, workplace wellness, and public policy to offer recommendations for action steps to improve health and well-being of workers. Results The Advisory Council narrowed the list of ideas to four priority projects. Conclusions The recommendations for action include developing a Mental Health in the Workplace 1) “How to” Guide, 2) Scorecard, 3) Recognition Program, and 4) Executive Training. PMID:29280775

Cities in the developing world: agenda for action following Habitat II.

PubMed

Annez, P; Friendly, A

1996-12-01

This article discusses the issue of priorities in development in urban centers of developing countries. Urbanization is advancing rapidly in the developing world. There are needs for adequate infrastructure, environmental protection, and fiscal reform. Development can result in a reduction in poverty, if properly conducted. By the turn of the century, 8 of the world's 10 megacities will be located in developing countries. There are already the megacities of Mexico City, Sao Paulo, Bombay, Calcutta, and Shanghai. By 2015 there will be 27 megacities, and urban population in developing countries will amount to over 4 billion. By 2020, 50% of total population in developing countries and 80% of total population in Latin America will be urban, of which 25% will live in poverty. Economic progress is at risk if cities cannot develop effective roads and transportation systems, public transportation, communications, sanitation services, and adequate shelters. The City Summit was held in June 1996 in Istanbul. The World Bank announced priorities for funding of urban health initiatives for reducing lead and particulate emissions, for providing sanitation and clean water to slum areas, and for securing sustainable, business-like city finances. The World Bank, the City Summit's Global Plan of Action, and Parliamentarians for Global Action support the reduction of lead emissions from gasoline and air. Cost-effective approaches include refitting public transportation vehicles with cleaner-burning engines or engines relying on natural gas, reducing emissions from industrial and power plants, and shifting domestic fuel sources from coal to natural gas. The World Bank in Slovenia and Beijing is financially supporting this household conversion. Reductions in soot and dust levels reduce public health costs, lost work time due to illness, and mortality. The cost to the poor for basic services is too high. Decentralization, community involvement, and cost sharing are viable options.

Optimization Review: French Gulch/Wellington-Oro Mine Site Water Treatment Plant, Breckenridge, Summit County, Colorado

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The French Gulch/Wellington-Oro Mine Site is located near the town of Breckenridge in Summit County, Colorado. Environmental contamination of surface water, groundwater, soil and sediment at the site resulted from mining activities dating to the 1880s.

The political process in global health and nutrition governance: the G8's 2010 Muskoka Initiative on Maternal, Child, and Newborn Health.

PubMed

Kirton, John; Kulik, Julia; Bracht, Caroline

2014-12-01

Why do informal, plurilateral summit institutions such as the Group of Eight (G8) major market democracies succeed in advancing costly public health priorities such as maternal, newborn, and child health (MNCH), even when the formal, multilateral United Nations (UN) system fails to meet such goals, when G8 governments afflicted by recession, deficit, and debt seek to cut expenditures, and when the private sector is largely uninvolved, despite the growing popularity of public-private partnerships to meet global health and related nutrition, food, and agriculture needs? Guided by the concert-equality model of G8 governance, this case study of the G8's 2010 Muskoka Initiative on MNCH traces the process through which that initiative was planned within Canada, internationally prepared through negotiations with Canada's G8 partners, produced at Muskoka by the leaders in June, multiplied in its results by the UN summit in September, and reinforced by the new accountability mechanism put in place. It finds that the Muskoka summit succeeded in mobilizing major money and momentum for MNCH. This was due to the initiative and influence of children-focused nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), working with committed individuals and agencies within the host Canadian government, as well as supportive public opinion and the help of those in the UN responsible for realizing its Millennium Development Goals. Also relevant were the democratic like-mindedness of G8 leaders and their African partners, the deference of G8 members to the host's priority, and the need of the G8 to demonstrate its relevance through a division of labor between it and the new Group of Twenty summit. This study shows that G8 summits can succeed in advancing key global health issues without a global shock on the same subject to galvanize agreement and action. It suggests that, when committed, focused NGOs and government officials will lead and the private sector will follow, but that there will be a lag in the implementation needed to obtain the intended results. The need to improve the accompanying accountability mechanisms to improve implementation, thus, remains. © 2014 New York Academy of Sciences.

The Second Physical Therapy Summit on Global Health: developing an action plan to promote health in daily practice and reduce the burden of non-communicable diseases.

PubMed

Dean, Elizabeth; de Andrade, Armele Dornelas; O'Donoghue, Grainne; Skinner, Margot; Umereh, Gloria; Beenen, Paul; Cleaver, Shaun; Afzalzada, DelAfroze; Delaune, Mary Fran; Footer, Cheryl; Gannotti, Mary; Gappmaier, Ed; Figl-Hertlein, Astrid; Henderson, Bobbie; Hudson, Megan K; Spiteri, Karl; King, Judy; Klug, Jerry L; Laakso, E-Liisa; LaPier, Tanya; Lomi, Constantina; Maart, Soraya; Matereke, Noel; Meyer, Erna Rosenlund; M'kumbuzi, Vyvienne R P; Mostert-Wentzel, Karien; Myezwa, Hellen; Olsén, Monika Fagevik; Peterson, Cathy; Pétursdóttir, Unnur; Robinson, Jan; Sangroula, Kanchan; Stensdotter, Ann-Katrin; Tan, Bee Yee; Tschoepe, Barbara A; Bruno, Selma; Mathur, Sunita; Wong, Wai Pong

2014-05-01

Based on indicators that emerged from The First Physical Therapy Summit on Global Health (2007), the Second Summit (2011) identified themes to inform a global physical therapy action plan to integrate health promotion into practice across the World Confederation for Physical Therapy (WCPT) regions. Working questions were: (1) how well is health promotion implemented within physical therapy practice; and (2) how might this be improved across five target audiences (i.e. physical therapist practitioners, educators, researchers, professional body representatives, and government liaisons/consultants). In structured facilitated sessions, Summit representatives (n = 32) discussed: (1) within WCPT regions, what is working and the challenges; and (2) across WCPT regions, what are potential directions using World Café(TM) methodology. Commonalities outweighed differences with respect to strategies to advance health-focused physical therapy as a clinical competency across regions and within target audiences. Participants agreed that health-focused practice is a professional priority, and a strategic action plan was needed to develop it as a clinical competency. The action plan and recommendations largely paralleled the principles and objectives of the World Health Organization's non-communicable diseases action plan. A third Summit planned for 2015 will provide a mechanism for follow-up to evaluate progress in integrating health-focused physical therapy within the profession.

National Indian Education Association (NIEA) 2012 Legislative Agenda. Advocacy Briefing

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Indian Education Association, 2012

2012-01-01

This volume contains advocacy briefing papers presented at the 15th Annual National Indian Education Association (NIEA) Legislative Summit held February 15-15, 2012 in Washington, DC. The following papers are included: (1) Become a Powerful Advocate; (2) NIEA Legislative Priority for 2012: Reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education…

How cold-water coral mounds modify their physical environment and therefore influence reef development

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mienis, F.; Duineveld, G.; Lavaleye, M.; van Haren, H.; Mohn, C.; Cyr, F.

2015-12-01

Cold-water coral framework acts as a sediment trap and as a result kilometres long and up to 360m high mound structures have formed on the SE Rockall Bank. Earlier observations showed that most of the mounds have their summits around 550 m water depth and summits have been reported as being covered with living coral. Pelagia cruises in 2012 and 2013 revealed completely new insights in mound development. Video transects across mounds with different morphology showed that summits of the highest and largest mounds are presently not covered by living coral as opposed to smaller and lower mounds which are covered with a thriving living coral framework. Measurements in the water column with CTD and near-bottom with benthic landers and thermistor string showed that turbulence is likely the most important factor influencing nutrient and food supply and thus coral growth. It seems that the large mounds have outgrown themselves and that their relatively large size and flat summits are limiting turbulence, thereby limiting oxygen, nutrient and food replenishment. Redistribution of nutrients, oxygen and food is vital for ecosystem functioning and reef development. The presence of a healthy coral cover on the summits of the small mounds was also shown by the vertical mound growth rate measured in sediment cores. These showed fourfold higher sedimentation rates during the Holocene on small mounds compared to highest mounds.

Strategies to Improve Private-Well Water Quality: A North Carolina Perspective

PubMed Central

Pieper, Kelsey J.

2017-01-01

Background: Evidence suggests that the 44.5 million U.S. residents drawing their drinking water from private wells face higher risks of waterborne contaminant exposure than those served by regulated community water supplies. Among U.S. states, North Carolina (N.C.) has the second-largest population relying on private wells, making it a useful microcosm to study challenges to maintaining private-well water quality. Objectives: This paper summarizes recommendations from a two-day summit to identify options to improve drinking-water quality for N.C. residents served by private wells. Methods: The Research Triangle Environmental Health Collaborative invited 111 participants with knowledge of private-well water challenges to attend the Summit. Participants worked in small groups that focused on specific aspects and reconvened in plenary sessions to formulate consensus recommendations. Discussion: Summit participants highlighted four main barriers to ensuring safe water for residents currently relying on private wells: (1) a database of private well locations is unavailable; (2) racial disparities have perpetuated reliance on private wells in some urbanized areas; (3) many private-well users lack information or resources to monitor and maintain their wells; and (4) private-well support programs are fragmented and lack sufficient resources. The Summit produced 10 consensus recommendations for ways to overcome these barriers. Conclusions: The Summit recommendations, if undertaken, could improve the health of North Carolinians facing elevated risks of exposure to waterborne contaminants because of their reliance on inadequately monitored and maintained private wells. Because many of the challenges in N.C. are common nationwide, these recommendations could serve as models for other states. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP890 PMID:28728142

Global Service-Learning in Institutions of Higher Education: Concerns from a Community of Practice

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lough, Benjamin J.; Toms, Cynthia

2018-01-01

In order to better understand and determine priorities of global service-learning in higher education, this study used an empowering evaluation processes to assess the strategic trajectories needed for growth in this field. Researchers organised 36 focus groups during an international summit to map the strengths, weaknesses, and opportunities for…

Water resources in the area of Snyderville Basin and Park City in Summit County, Utah

USGS Publications Warehouse

Susong, David D.; Brooks, Lynette E.; Mason, James L.

1998-01-01

Ground water is the primary source of water for residents living in the area of Synderville Basin and Park City in Summit County, Utah. Rapid residential and commercial development are placing increased demands on the ground-water resources in the area and increased ground-water withdrawals could affect appropriated surface-water resources. The quantity and quality of water in the area were assessed during 1993-97 in a study done by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights; Park City; Summit County; and the Weber Basin Water Conservancy District. This fact sheet presents a synopsis of the eports prepared for that study. Data collected during the 1994 and 1995 water years are presented in Downhour and Brooks (1996). A water year extends from October through September rather than January through December of a calendar year. Streamflow and surface-water quality; ground- water recharge, movement, discharge, and quality; water budgets; and snowmelt simulations are described in Brooks, Mason, and Susong (1998). The purpose of the study was to provide the Utah Division of Water Rights with data to assist them in- making water management decisions.

Potable Water Supply Feasibility Study for Summit Station, Greenland

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-03-01

commercial products. All product names and trademarks cited are the property of their respective owners. The findings of this report are not to be construed...is typically 4, with peak of 811 per- sons. The summer population varies between about 2050 persons . The water demand reflects these trends, with...August, November, and February, during which the population is 12. The current water consumption at Summit is 1518 gal. of water per person per day

Rapid Review Summit: an overview and initiation of a research agenda.

PubMed

Polisena, Julie; Garritty, Chantelle; Umscheid, Craig A; Kamel, Chris; Samra, Kevin; Smith, Jeannette; Vosilla, Ann

2015-09-26

The demand for accelerated forms of evidence synthesis is on the rise, largely in response to requests by health care decision makers for expeditious assessment and up-to-date information about health care technologies and health services and programs. As a field, rapid review evidence synthesis is marked by a tension between the strategic priority to inform health care decision-making and the scientific imperative to produce robust, high-quality research that soundly supports health policy and practice. In early 2015, the Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health convened a forum in partnership with the British Columbia Ministry of Health, the British Columbia Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Evaluation, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, and the University of Pennsylvania. More than 150 evidence synthesis producers and end users attended the Rapid Review Summit: Then, Now and in the Future. The Summit program focused on the evolving role and practices of rapid reviews to support informed health care policy and clinical decision-making, including the uptake and use of health technology assessment. Our discussion paper highlights the important discussions that occurred during the Rapid Review Summit. It focuses on the initial development of a research agenda that resulted from the Summit presentations and discussions. The research topics centered on three key areas of interest: (1) how to conduct a rapid review; (2) investigating the validity and utility of rapid reviews; and (3) how to improve access to rapid reviews.

Bigger is not always better; How cold-water corals outgrow themselves

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mienis, Furu; Duineveld, Gerard; Lavaleye, Marc; Mohn, Christian; Van Haren, Hans

2015-04-01

Cold-water coral (CWC) framework acts as a sediment trap and as a result kilometres long and up to 360m high mound structures have formed on the SE Rockall Bank. Earlier observations showed that most of the mounds have their summits around 550 m water depth and summits have been reported as being covered with living coral. Pelagia cruises in 2012 and 2013 revealed completely new insights in mound development. Video transects across mounds with different morphology showed that summits of the highest and largest mounds are presently not covered by living coral as opposed to smaller and lower mounds which are covered with a thriving living coral framework. This is also expressed by the vertical mound growth rate measured in sediment cores showing fourfold higher sedimentation rates during the Holocene on small mounds compared to highest mounds. Measurements in the water column with CTD and near-bottom with benthic landers and thermistor string showed that turbulence is likely the most important factor influencing nutrient and food supply and thus coral growth. It seems that the large mounds have outgrown themselves and that their relatively large size and flat summits are limiting turbulence, thereby limiting coral and mound growth.

Summit Equipment & Supplies, Inc. Five-Year Reviews

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The Summit Equipment & Supplies site in Akron, OH is a former salvage yard and scrap metal facility with PCB contamination of soil on-site, off-site movement of the PCBs, and ground water contamination under the site.

Mixing of Magmatic Volatiles With Meteoric Groundwater in the Summit of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hurwitz, S.; Goff, F.; Janik, C. J.; Evans, W. C.; Counce, D. A.; Sorey, M. L.; Ingebritsen, S. E.

2001-12-01

Water samples were collected from the only deep well (Keller Well-NSF Well) on the summit of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii. The well was drilled in 1973 to a depth of 1262 m, but sat idle until 1998 when a drilling rig was used to remove mud and renew access to the hydrothermal system at a location very close to summit fumarolic activity. The chemistry and isotopic composition of fluid samples collected in 1998-2001 differ significantly from those of samples collected before 1998 and reported in previous studies. The water from the well is rich in sulfate and has a near-neutral pH. The major element chemistry differs significantly from seawater composition and from that of hydrothermal fluids from Kilauea's east rift zone. The well water has a low chloride concentration relative to typical magmatic-hydrothermal fluids and a high sulfate to bicarbonate ratio (approximately 4:1). Based on the S/Cl mass ratio and on carbon and helium isotopes in the well fluids, summit fumaroles and the parental Kilauea magma, we conclude that the hydrothermal fluids sampled from the well formed by condensation of magmatic volatiles into shallow, mainly meteoric groundwater. The oxygen and deuterium isotopic composition indicate that the meteoric component was recharged on the eastern margin of the caldera. Steam condensation and gas dissolution beneath the crater formed an acidic fluid that dissolved the host basalt at high temperatures. The hydrothermal fluid was then modified by cooling and precipitation of secondary minerals along a flow path away from the crater towards the well. Geochemical modeling based on fluid chemistry and geothermometry suggests that the well fluids equilibrated with an assemblage of secondary minerals at temperatures between 90 and 140oC. The C/S ratios in the well water, the parental magma, and the gas plume emanating from the caldera indicate that most of the sulfur degassed from the magma is scrubbed by groundwaters beneath the summit. However, based on the mean sulfate concentration in the well water and on the estimated mean annual water recharge in the caldera region, we conclude that the sulfate concentration in groundwater beneath Kilauea's summit must be an order of magnitude higher than that found in the well water.

[The Saint-Petersburg summit of Group of Eight: the problems of infectious diseases and the ways of their solution].

PubMed

Onishchenko, G G

2008-01-01

In 2006, being the presiding country at the Group of Eight Summit for the first time, Russia proposed the issue of counteraction with infectious diseases as one of the priority issues. In addition to the realization of the priority National Health Project, which is to a large degree dedicated to the immunoprophylaxis of infectious diseases as well as the prevention and treatment of HIV-infection/AIDS and hepatites B and C, a meeting of the Presidium of Russian Federation State Council presided by President V. V. Putin, dedicated to the problem of HIV-infection epidemic spread, was held on April 21; the meeting resulted in the formation of Governmental Commission on the problems of HIV-infection/AIDS. On July 16, the leaders of Group of Eight during their meeting in Saint-Petersburg, discussed and validated the Declaration on counteraction with infectious diseases, reflecting the position of the leaders on the entire complex of problems connected with the spread of infectious diseases, and determining the main principles of the global strategy of counteraction with epidemics under the threats associated with the appearance of new infections, such as avian influenza, HIV-infection/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria. While preparing for the Summit, Russia made a range of suggestion aimed mostly on the reinforcement of possibilities to control infectious diseases in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. Practically all Russia's initiatives were supported by the partners, which was also reflected in the conclusive document of the Summit. Following Russian initiatives, Group of Eight intends to increase the effectiveness of international affords on the prevention and elimination of the consequences of natural disasters, including the use of fast response teams. To provide Russia's contribution to this initiative, modernized specialized antiepidemic teams will be used. Taking into consideration the present-day financial participation of Russian Federation in the realization of international programs on counteraction with infectious diseases, Russia is gradually leaving the status of a recipient country and becomes a donor of international financial aid.

Joy Development Properties, LLC, Pleasant Valley, Iowa and Summit Concrete, Inc., LeClaire, Iowa - Clean Water Act Public Notice

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The EPA is providing notice of a proposed Administrative Penalty Assessment against Joy Development Properties, LLC and Summit Concrete, Inc., for alleged violations at the companies’ residential construction site known as the Schutter Farms Addition loca

Recommendations from NASA's Operational and Research Musculoskeletal Summit

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jones, J. A.; Johnson-Throop, K. A.; Scheuring, R. A.; Walton, M. E.; Davis-Street, J. E.; Smaka, T.; McCulley, P. A.; Jones, J. A.; Stokes, C. R.; Parker, K. K.;

EEBA || The Energy & Environmental Building Alliance || EEBA

Science.gov Websites

Mechanical Selling High Performance Homes Water Efficiency Zero Energy Homes Upcoming Sessions HERS Associate Search High Performance Home Summit October 16-18, 2018 - San Diego, CA High Performance Home Summit Join collaboration with high performance building professionals from across the United States and Canada. More

International summit on the nutrition of adolescent girls and young women: consensus statement

PubMed Central

Krebs, Nancy; Bagby, Susan; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.; Dewey, Kathryn; Fall, Caroline; Gregory, Fred; Hay, William; Rhuman, Lisa; Caldwell, Christine Wallace

2017-01-01

An international summit focusing on the difficult challenge of providing adequate nutrition for adolescent girls and young women in low‐ and middle‐income countries was held in Portland, Oregon in 2015. Sixty‐seven delegates from 17 countries agreed on a series of recommendations that would make progress toward improving the nutritional status of girls and young women in countries where their access to nutrition is compromised. Delegate recommendations include: (1) elevate the urgency of nutrition for girls and young women to a high international priority, (2) raise the social status of girls and young women in all regions of the world, (3) identify major knowledge gaps in the biology of adolescence that could be filled by robust research efforts, (4) and improve access to nutrient‐rich foods for girls and young women. Attention to these recommendations would improve the health of young women in all nations of the world. PMID:28722768

Chemistry of surface water at a volcanic summit area, Norikura, central Japan: multivariate statistical approach.

PubMed

Anazaw, K; Ohmori, L H

2001-11-01

Many hydrochemical studies on chemical formation of shallow ground water have been reported as results of water-rock interaction, and contamination of paleo-brine or human activities, whereas the preliminary formation of precipitation source in the recharged region has not been established yet. The purpose of this research work is to clarify the geochemical process of water formation from a water source unpolluted by seawater or human activity. Norikura volcano, located in western part of central Japan provided a suitable source for this research purpose, and hence chemical compositions of water samples from the summit and the mountainside area of Norikura volcano were determined. Most samples in the summit area showed very low electrical conductivity, and lower than 12 microS/cm. On the basis of the chemical compositions, principal component analysis (PCA) and factor analysis (FA), such as kinds of multivariate statistical techniques were used to extract geochemical factors affecting hydrochemical process. As a result, three factors were extracted. The first factor showed high loading on K+, Ca2+, SO2 and SiO2, and this factor was interpreted due to influence of the chemical interaction between acidic precipitated water and rocks. The second factor showed high loading on Na+ and Cl-, and it was assumed to be an influence of seawater salt. The third factor showed loading on NO3-, and it was interpreted to be caused by biochemical effect of vegetation. The proportionate contributions of these factors to the evolution of water chemical composition were found to be 45%, 20%, and 10% for factors 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The same exploration at the mountainside of Norikura volcano revealed that the chemical variances of the non-geothermal water samples were highly influenced by water-rock interactions. The silicate dissolution showed 45% contribution for all chemical variances, while the adsorption of Ca2+ and Mg2+ by precipitation or ion exchange showed 20% contribution. The seawater salt influence or biochemical effect was statistically negligible in this area. The clear differentiation of geochemical process on water formation was found between the summit area and the mountainside area.

High biodiversity on a deep-water reef in the eastern Fram Strait.

PubMed

Meyer, Kirstin S; Soltwedel, Thomas; Bergmann, Melanie

2014-01-01

We report on the distribution and abundance of megafauna on a deep-water rocky reef (1796-2373 m) in the Fram Strait, west of Svalbard. Biodiversity and population density are high, with a maximum average of 26.7±0.9 species m(-2) and 418.1±49.6 individuals m(-2) on the east side of the reef summit. These figures contrast with the surrounding abyssal plain fauna, with an average of only 18.1±1.4 species and 29.4±4.3 individuals m(-2) (mean ± standard error). The east side of the reef summit, where the highest richness and density of fauna are found, faces into the predominant bottom current, which likely increases in speed to the summit and serves as a source of particulate food for the numerous suspension feeders present there. We conclude that the observed faunal distribution patterns could be the result of hydrodynamic patterns and food availability above and around the reef. To our knowledge, this study is the first to describe the distribution and diversity of benthic fauna on a rocky reef in deep water.

The World Summit on Sustainable Development: reaffirming the centrality of health

PubMed Central

von Schirnding, Yasmin

2005-01-01

The World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) was held in Johannesburg in 2002 to review progress since the Rio conference in 1992, and to agree a new global deal on sustainable development. Unlike its predecessor, it was primarily concerned with implementation rather than with new treaties and targets, although a number of new targets were agreed, for example one on sanitation. Failure to agree a target on renewable energy was regarded as a major disappointment of the conference. While relatively modest in its achievements, and with difficulties in achieving consensus in key areas such as energy, trade, finance and globalisation, WSSD nevertheless succeeded in placing sustainable development back on the political agenda, giving new impetus, in particular to the environment and development needs of Africa, with a strong focus on local issues like household energy, water and sanitation. Health was singled out as one of five priority areas, along with water, energy, agriculture and biodiversity, and was devoted a separate chapter in the resulting Plan of Implementation, which highlighted a range of environmental health issues as well as issues relating to health services, communicable and non-communicable diseases. A number of new partnerships were formed at WSSD, including the Healthy Environments for Children Alliance (HECA) launched by WHO, which will form an important platform for implementation. The Commission on Sustainable Development has been designated main responsibility for monitoring and follow up, with its programme of work reorganised to focus on thematic clusters of issues. From the perspective of health, WSSD must be seen as a reaffirmation of the central place of health on the sustainable development agenda, and in the broader context of a process which began in Rio and was given added impetus with the Monterrey Financing for Development conference and the World Trade Organisation meeting held in Doha. Translating policies into action at all levels- global to local – remains the single biggest challenge in the years that lie ahead. PMID:15953397

The World Summit on Sustainable Development: reaffirming the centrality of health.

PubMed

von Schirnding, Yasmin

2005-05-10

The World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) was held in Johannesburg in 2002 to review progress since the Rio conference in 1992, and to agree a new global deal on sustainable development. Unlike its predecessor, it was primarily concerned with implementation rather than with new treaties and targets, although a number of new targets were agreed, for example one on sanitation. Failure to agree a target on renewable energy was regarded as a major disappointment of the conference. While relatively modest in its achievements, and with difficulties in achieving consensus in key areas such as energy, trade, finance and globalisation, WSSD nevertheless succeeded in placing sustainable development back on the political agenda, giving new impetus, in particular to the environment and development needs of Africa, with a strong focus on local issues like household energy, water and sanitation. Health was singled out as one of five priority areas, along with water, energy, agriculture and biodiversity, and was devoted a separate chapter in the resulting Plan of Implementation, which highlighted a range of environmental health issues as well as issues relating to health services, communicable and non-communicable diseases. A number of new partnerships were formed at WSSD, including the Healthy Environments for Children Alliance (HECA) launched by WHO, which will form an important platform for implementation. The Commission on Sustainable Development has been designated main responsibility for monitoring and follow up, with its programme of work reorganised to focus on thematic clusters of issues. From the perspective of health, WSSD must be seen as a reaffirmation of the central place of health on the sustainable development agenda, and in the broader context of a process which began in Rio and was given added impetus with the Monterrey Financing for Development conference and the World Trade Organisation meeting held in Doha. Translating policies into action at all levels- global to local - remains the single biggest challenge in the years that lie ahead.

Toward a Global Water Quality Observing and Forecasting System

EPA Science Inventory

The Group on Earth Observations (GEO) Coastal and Inland Water Quality Working Group held a Water Quality Summit at the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) in Geneva, Switzerland April 20 to 22, 2015. The goal was to define specific water quality component requirements and de...

Towards deep inclusion for equity-oriented health research priority-setting: A working model.

PubMed

Pratt, Bridget; Merritt, Maria; Hyder, Adnan A

2016-02-01

Growing consensus that health research funders should align their investments with national research priorities presupposes that such national priorities exist and are just. Arguably, justice requires national health research priority-setting to promote health equity. Such a position is consistent with recommendations made by the World Health Organization and at global ministerial summits that health research should serve to reduce health inequalities between and within countries. Thus far, no specific requirements for equity-oriented research priority-setting have been described to guide policymakers. As a step towards the explication and defence of such requirements, we propose that deep inclusion is a key procedural component of equity-oriented research priority-setting. We offer a model of deep inclusion that was developed by applying concepts from work on deliberative democracy and development ethics. This model consists of three dimensions--breadth, qualitative equality, and high-quality non-elite participation. Deep inclusion is captured not only by who is invited to join a decision-making process but also by how they are involved and by when non-elite stakeholders are involved. To clarify and illustrate the proposed dimensions, we use the sustained example of health systems research. We conclude by reviewing practical challenges to achieving deep inclusion. Despite the existence of barriers to implementation, our model can help policymakers and other stakeholders design more inclusive national health research priority-setting processes and assess these processes' depth of inclusion. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Early detection of sporadic pancreatic cancer: strategic map for innovation--a white paper.

PubMed

Kenner, Barbara J; Chari, Suresh T; Cleeter, Deborah F; Go, Vay Liang W

2015-07-01

Innovation leading to significant advances in research and subsequent translation to clinical practice is urgently necessary in early detection of sporadic pancreatic cancer. Addressing this need, the Early Detection of Sporadic Pancreatic Cancer Summit Conference was conducted by Kenner Family Research Fund in conjunction with the 2014 American Pancreatic Association and Japan Pancreas Society Meeting. International interdisciplinary scientific representatives engaged in strategic facilitated conversations based on distinct areas of inquiry: Case for Early Detection: Definitions, Detection, Survival, and Challenges; Biomarkers for Early Detection; Imaging; and Collaborative Studies. Ideas generated from the summit have led to the development of a Strategic Map for Innovation built upon 3 components: formation of an international collaborative effort, design of an actionable strategic plan, and implementation of operational standards, research priorities, and first-phase initiatives. Through invested and committed efforts of leading researchers and institutions, philanthropic partners, government agencies, and supportive business entities, this endeavor will change the future of the field and consequently the survival rate of those diagnosed with pancreatic cancer.

Early Detection of Sporadic Pancreatic Cancer

PubMed Central

Kenner, Barbara J.; Chari, Suresh T.; Cleeter, Deborah F.; Go, Vay Liang W.

2015-01-01

Abstract Innovation leading to significant advances in research and subsequent translation to clinical practice is urgently necessary in early detection of sporadic pancreatic cancer. Addressing this need, the Early Detection of Sporadic Pancreatic Cancer Summit Conference was conducted by Kenner Family Research Fund in conjunction with the 2014 American Pancreatic Association and Japan Pancreas Society Meeting. International interdisciplinary scientific representatives engaged in strategic facilitated conversations based on distinct areas of inquiry: Case for Early Detection: Definitions, Detection, Survival, and Challenges; Biomarkers for Early Detection; Imaging; and Collaborative Studies. Ideas generated from the summit have led to the development of a Strategic Map for Innovation built upon 3 components: formation of an international collaborative effort, design of an actionable strategic plan, and implementation of operational standards, research priorities, and first-phase initiatives. Through invested and committed efforts of leading researchers and institutions, philanthropic partners, government agencies, and supportive business entities, this endeavor will change the future of the field and consequently the survival rate of those diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. PMID:25938853

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Fri, R.W.

Now that analysts have had seven months to ponder the achievements of the Earth Summit, it is time to consider the next step in attaining sustainable development. As the summit revealed, the big issues are formidable - among them, overconsumption in the North, overpopulation in the South, insufficient resource transfers from North to South, and limited resources to devote to global environmental problems. Each of these issues requires a trade-off between long-term global concerns and immediate national interests. Since technological solutions to the dilemma of furthering economic development are neither quick nor cheap, this political reality suggests that progress maymore » hinge on attention to some modest goals. Helping developing countries to define and balance their own economic and environmental priorities, and using these priorities to guide the planning of both public and private sector investments, would be welcome signs of progress. Such feasible and inexpensive assistance would exert useful leverage over the substantial transfers of financial and technological resources that are already taking place, especially in the private sector. Equally encouraging would be growing investments in the development of technology to use natural and environmental resources more efficiently and in creating the market and other institutional mechanisms needed to assure use of these technologies. Efficient resource use may not prove to be a complete answer to the big questions of environment and development, much less one with no regrets. However, it will at least reduce the cost of dealing with the hard issues, and so make them more tractable.« less

76 FR 71559 - Environmental Impacts Statements; Notice of Availability

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-18

..., PROGRAMMATIC--Yakima River Basin Integrated Water Resource Management Plan, To Meet the Water Supply and... Mechanical Thinning, Uinta-Wasatch-Cache National Forest, Summit County, UT, Review Period Ends: 12/19/2011...

Effect of microrelief on water erosion and their changes during rainfall

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Soil surface roughness contains two elementary forms, i.e., depressions and mounds, which affect water flow on the surface differently. While depressions serve as temporary water storage, mounds diverge water away from their local summits. Although roughness effects on runoff and sediment production...

Hydrothermal circulation at the world's highest lake? An environmental study of the Licancabur Volcano crater lake as a terrestrial analog to martian paleolakes.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hock, A. N.; Cabrol, N. A.; Grin, E. A.; Fike, D. A.; Paige, D. A.; 2002 Licancabur Expedition Team

2003-04-01

At approximately 6000 meters above sea level, the crater of Licancabur Volcano (22 50'S, 67 53'W) houses the highest lake in the world, yet remains largely unexplored. In particular, the physical environment of the lake--particularly its stability and any remaining geothermal activity--is not well understood. Using a model for the temperature of maximum density for freshwater as a function of pressure (Eklund), we calculated that the bottom water temperature of the summit lake should be approximately 4 C. However, Leach et al. measured the water temperature at depth to be 6 C. This discrepancy, as well as the observation that the lake remains liquid for much of the year despite sub freezing air temperatures, suggests that there may be a heat source supporting the lake's temperature and biological community. We present the results of two studies here: the goal of this work is to understand the role of geothermal fluid input to the summit lake in terms of energy balance, the physical constraints on endemic biology, and the analogy to ancient martian hydrothermal systems (e.g. volcanic lakes, crater lakes, hot springs, etc.). First, we present physical data from the lake in a new model of energy balance. In situ measurements of pH, temperature, and total dissolved solids suggest that the Licancabur summit lake is a ¨low-activity¨ (as per Pasternack and Varekamp) lake with a diffuse geothermal fluid input. Secondly, mass spectrometry and ion chromatography were used to study water samples taken from the summit lake, as well as two local lagunas and several geothermal springs at the base of the volcano. The case for a hydrothermal system in the summit lake is further strengthened here by preliminary ion chromatography results, which show elevated concentrations of sulfate and chloride with respect to local meteoric waters. Understanding the relationship between the physical environment and biotic community remains the mainstay for future work on this project in an effort to understand this environment--not only as a unique one among terrestrial lakes--but as one that may help us to understand the history of water and life on Mars.

Assessing More than a Decade of Alaska/yukon, High Elevation, Glacier Ice/rock Landslides

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Molnia, B. F.; Angeli, K.

2017-12-01

On September 14, 2005, an estimated 5.0x106 m3 of rock, glacier ice, and snow fell from below the summit of 3,236-m-high Mt. Steller, Alaska, onto a tributary of Bering Glacier. Next day photography of the slide and source area suggested that meltwater played a significant role in its origin. Aerial photography and space-based electro-optical imagery collected for months following the event recorded continuing evidence of meltwater flowing from the head-scarp region and continued ice and snow melt. We investigated five similar glacier ice-rock landslides. These originated from the north face of Mt. Steller in late 2005-early 2006, the south side of Waxell Ridge in late 2005-early 2006, Mt. Steele on July 24, 2007, Mt. Lituya on June 11, 2012, and Mt. La Perouse on February 16, 2014. None was triggered by a seismic event. Four were detected based on seismic events they generated. All source areas exhibited failed hanging glaciers and/or failed perennial snowfields. Five had detectable glacier hydrologic features (moulins, conduits, and collapsed englacial stream channels) in near-summit failed ice and snow margins. Four displayed fresh concave bedrock failure surfaces. All originated at locations where mean annual temperatures were below freezing. Our observations support water triggering each event. We propose that abnormally warm summer temperatures or extreme winter precipitation produced unusual volumes of water which saturated summit snow and ice and/or filled summit glacier channels and conduits with liquid water. Water reached the frozen water/bedrock interface, destabilizing the contact. Fresh concave bedrock failure surfaces suggest that glacier beds were adhering to steep bedrock surfaces composed of a mélange of freeze/thaw shattered rock held together by interstitial ice. When the mass of saturated glacier ice failed, the bedrock mélange also failed, exposing fresh bedrock scarp depressions and generating the observed gravel-dominated slide debris.

Monitoring of stage and velocity, for computation of discharge in the Summit Conduit near Summit, Illinois, 2010-2012

USGS Publications Warehouse

Johnson, Kevin K.; Goodwin, Greg E.

2013-01-01

Lake Michigan diversion accounting is the process used by the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers to quantify the amount of water that is diverted from the Lake Michigan watershed into the Illinois and Mississippi River Basins. A network of streamgages within the Chicago area waterway system monitor tributary river flows and the major river flow on the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal near Lemont as one of the instrumental tools used for Lake Michigan diversion accounting. The mean annual discharges recorded by these streamgages are used as additions or deductions to the mean annual discharge recorded by the main stream gaging station currently used in the Lake Michigan diversion accounting process, which is the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal near Lemont, Illinois (station number 05536890). A new stream gaging station, Summit Conduit near Summit, Illinois (station number 414757087490401), was installed on September 23, 2010, for the purpose of monitoring stage, velocity, and discharge through the Summit Conduit for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in accordance with Lake Michigan diversion accounting. Summit Conduit conveys flow from a small part of the lower Des Plaines River watershed underneath the Des Plaines River directly into the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal. Because the Summit Conduit discharges into the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal upstream from the stream gaging station at Lemont, Illinois, but does not contain flow diverted from the Lake Michigan watershed, it is considered a flow deduction to the discharge measured by the Lemont stream gaging station in the Lake Michigan diversion accounting process. This report offers a technical summary of the techniques and methods used for the collection and computation of the stage, velocity, and discharge data at the Summit Conduit near Summit, Illinois stream gaging station for the 2011 and 2012 Water Years. The stream gaging station Summit Conduit near Summit, Illinois (station number 414757087490401) is an example of a nonstandard stream gage. Traditional methods of equating stage to discharge historically were not effective. Examples of the nonstandard conditions include the converging tributary flows directly upstream of the gage; the trash rack and walkway near the opening of the conduit introducing turbulence and occasionally entraining air bubbles into the flow; debris within the conduit creating conditions of variable backwater and the constant influx of smaller debris that escapes the trash rack and catches or settles in the conduit and on the equipment. An acoustic Doppler velocity meter was installed to measure stage and velocity to compute discharge. The stage is used to calculate area based the stage-area rating. The index-velocity from the acoustic Doppler velocity meter is applied to the velocity-velocity rating and the product of the two rated values is a rated discharge by the index-velocity method. Nonstandard site conditions prevalent at the Summit Conduit stream gaging station generally are overcome through the index-velocity method. Despite the difficulties in gaging and measurements, improvements continue to be made in data collection, transmission, and measurements. Efforts to improve the site and to improve the ratings continue to improve the quality and quantity of the data available for Lake Michigan diversion accounting.

The chemical and hydrologic structure of Poas volcano, Costa Rica

USGS Publications Warehouse

Rowe, G.L.; Brantley, S.L.; Fernandez, J.F.; Borgia, A.

1995-01-01

Comparison of the chemical characteristics of spring and river water draining the flanks of Poas Volcano, Costa Rica indicates that acid chloride sulfate springs of the northwestern flank of the volcano are derived by leakage and mixing of acid brines formed in the summit hydrothermal system with dilute flank groundwater. Acid chloride sulfate waters of the Rio Agrio drainage basin on the northwestern flank are the only waters on Poas that are affected by leakage of acid brines from the summit hydrothermal system. Acid sulfate waters found on the northwestern flank are produced by the interaction of surface and shallow groundwater with dry and wet acid deposition of SO2 and H2SO4 aerosols, respectively. The acid deposition is caused by a plume of acid gases that is released by a shallow magma body located beneath the active crater of Poas. -from Authors

Communicating How Water Works: Results from a Community Water Education Program

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cockerill, Kristan

2010-01-01

Based on feedback from attendees at an environmental summit who requested information about regional water sources, a team comprised of a local nonprofit, a state university, and a cooperative extension office created a community water education program. Undergraduate student interns worked with the author to develop a 20-minute science-based…

Geophysics of Volcanic Landslide Hazards: The Inside Story

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Finn, C.; Deszcz-Pan, M.; Bedrosian, P. A.

2013-05-01

Flank collapses of volcanoes pose significant potential hazards, including triggering lahars, eruptions, and tsunamis. Significant controls on the stability of volcanoes are the distribution of hydrothermal alteration and the location of groundwater. Groundwater position, abundance, and flow rates within a volcano affect the transmission of fluid pressure and the transport of mass and heat. Interaction of groundwater with acid magmatic gases can lead to hydrothermal alteration that mechanically weakens rocks and makes them prone to failure and flank collapse. Therefore, detecting the presence and volume of hydrothermally altered rocks and shallow ground water is critical for evaluating landslide hazards. High-resolution helicopter magnetic and electromagnetic (HEM) data collected over the rugged, ice-covered Mount Adams, Mount Baker, Mount Rainier, Mount St. Helens (Washington) and Mount Iliamna (Alaska) volcanoes, reveal the distribution of alteration, water and ice thickness essential to evaluating volcanic landslide hazards. These data, combined with geological mapping, other geophysical data and rock property measurements, indicate the presence of appreciable thicknesses (>500 m) of water-saturated hydrothermally altered rock west of the modern summit of Mount Rainier in the Sunset Amphitheater region and in the central core of Mount Adams north of the summit. Water-saturated alteration at Mount Baker is restricted to thinner (<200 m) zones beneath Sherman Crater and the Dorr Fumarole Fields. The HEM data can be used to identify water-saturated fresh volcanic rocks from the surface to the detection limit (~100-200 m) in discreet zones on the summits of Mount Rainier and Mt Adams, in shattered fresh dome rocks under the crater of Mount St. Helens and in the entire summit region at Mount Baker. A 50-100 m thick water saturated layer is imaged within or beneath parts of glaciers on Mount Iliamna. Removal of ice and snow during eruptions and landslide can result in lahars and floods. Ice thickness measurements critical for flood and mudflow hazards studies are very sparse on most volcanoes. The HEM data are used to estimate ice thickness over portions of Mount Baker and Mount Adams volcanoes. The best estimates for ice thickness are obtained over relatively low resistivity (<600 ohm-m) ground for the main ice cap on Mount Adams and over most of the summit of Mount Baker. The modeled distribution of alteration, pore fluids and partial ice volumes on the volcanoes helps identify likely sources for future alteration-related debris flows, including the Sunset Amphitheater region at Mount Rainier, steep cliffs at the western edge of the central altered zone at Mount Adams, south and north flanks of Mount Baker, and central Mount Iliamna. The water saturated shattered fresh dome material in the crater of Mount St. Helens may have served as part of the slip surface for the 1980 debris avalanche.

Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5): Summit National Liquid Disposal Service, Deerfield, OH. (First remedial action), (Amendment), November 1990. Final report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

The 11.5-acre Summit National Liquid Disposal Service site is a former liquid waste disposal facility in rural Deerfield Township, Ohio. The site contains two ponds, an inactive incinerator, and several vacant buildings. Surrounding the site are several residences, two landfills, light industries, and farmland. From 1973 to 1978, Summit National operated a solvent recycling and waste disposal facility onsite. The Record of Decision (ROD) amends a 1988 ROD that provided for remediation of contaminated soil, sediment, debris, ground water, and surface water. In both the 1990 proposed remedy for the ROD amendment and the 1988 ROD, the remedy for themore » most highly contaminated soil and sediment is excavation and treatment. The amended remedial action for the site includes expanding site boundaries to include contaminated areas along the site perimeters; excavating and incinerating onsite 24,000 cubic yards of soil excavated to a depth of 2 feet, 4,000 cubic yards of sediment from the site perimeter, drainage ditches and offsite ponds, and 900 to 1,600 buried drums.« less

Summit-to-sea mapping and change detection using satellite imagery: tools for conservation and management of coral reefs.

PubMed

Shapiro, A C; Rohmann, S O

2005-05-01

Continuous summit-to-sea maps showing both land features and shallow-water coral reefs have been completed in Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, using circa 2000 Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+) Imagery. Continuous land/sea terrain was mapped by merging Digital Elevation Models (DEM) with satellite-derived bathymetry. Benthic habitat characterizations were created by unsupervised classifications of Landsat imagery clustered using field data, and produced maps with an estimated overall accuracy of>75% (Tau coefficient >0.65). These were merged with Geocover-LC (land use/land cover) data to create continuous land/ sea cover maps. Image pairs from different dates were analyzed using Principle Components Analysis (PCA) in order to detect areas of change in the marine environment over two different time intervals: 2000 to 2001, and 1991 to 2003. This activity demonstrates the capabilities of Landsat imagery to produce continuous summit-to-sea maps, as well as detect certain changes in the shallow-water marine environment, providing a valuable tool for efficient coastal zone monitoring and effective management and conservation.

Glacier-volcano interactions in the north crater of Mt. Wrangell, Alaska

USGS Publications Warehouse

Abston, Carl; Motyka, Roman J.; McNutt, Stephen; Luthi, Martin; Truffer, Martin

2007-01-01

Glaciological and related observations from 1961 to 2005 at the summit of Mt Wrangell (62.008 N, 144.028W; 4317 m a.s.l.), a massive glacier-covered shield volcano in south-central Alaska, show marked changes that appear to have been initiated by the Great Alaska Earthquake (MW = 9.2) of 27 March 1964. The 4 x 6 km diameter, ice-filled Summit Caldera with several post-caldera craters on its rim, comprises the summit region where annual snow accumulation is 1–2 m of water equivalent and the mean annual temperature, measured 10 m below the snow surface, is –20°C. Precision surveying, aerial photogrammetry and measurements of temperature and snow accumulation were used to measure the loss of glacier ice equivalent to about 0.03 km3 of water from the North Crater in a decade. Glacier calorimetry was used to calculate the associated heat flux, which varied within the range 20–140W m–2; total heat flow was in the range 20–100 MW. Seismicity data from the crater’s rim show two distinct responses to large earthquakes at time scales from minutes to months. Chemistry of water and gas from fumaroles indicates a shallow magma heat source and seismicity data are consistent with this interpretation.

Geologic Map of the Summit Region of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii

USGS Publications Warehouse

Neal, Christina A.; Lockwood, John P.

2003-01-01

This report consists of a large map sheet and a pamphlet. The map shows the geology, some photographs, description of map units, and correlation of map units. The pamphlet gives the full text about the geologic map. The area covered by this map includes parts of four U.S. Geological Survey 7.5' topographic quadrangles (Kilauea Crater, Volcano, Ka`u Desert, and Makaopuhi). It encompasses the summit, upper rift zones, and Koa`e Fault System of Kilauea Volcano and a part of the adjacent, southeast flank of Mauna Loa Volcano. The map is dominated by products of eruptions from Kilauea Volcano, the southernmost of the five volcanoes on the Island of Hawai`i and one of the world's most active volcanoes. At its summit (1,243 m) is Kilauea Crater, a 3 km-by-5 km collapse caldera that formed, possibly over several centuries, between about 200 and 500 years ago. Radiating away from the summit caldera are two linear zones of intrusion and eruption, the east and the southwest rift zones. Repeated subaerial eruptions from the summit and rift zones have built a gently sloping, elongate shield volcano covering approximately 1,500 km2. Much of the volcano lies under water; the east rift zone extends 110 km from the summit to a depth of more than 5,000 m below sea level; whereas the southwest rift zone has a more limited submarine continuation. South of the summit caldera, mostly north-facing normal faults and open fractures of the Koa`e Fault System extend between the two rift zones. The Koa`e Fault System is interpreted as a tear-away structure that accommodates southward movement of Kilauea's flank in response to distension of the volcano perpendicular to the rift zones.

Phreatomagmatic explosive eruptions along fissures on the top of mafic stratovolcanoes with overlapping compound calderas

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nemeth, Karoly; Geshi, Nobuo

2017-04-01

On near summit flank eruptions on stratovolcanoes it is commonly inferred that external water to have little or no influence on the course of the eruptions. Hence eruptions are typicaly "dry" that form spatter-dominated fissures and scoria cones. This assumption is based on that in elevated regions - especially on steep slopes - the hydrogeological conditions are not favourable to store large volume of ground water that can have effect on the eruptions. However there is some controversial trend of eruption progression from an early dry eruption below the summit that later turn to be phreatomagmatic as the eruption locus migrates toward the summit. The Suoana Ccrater on top of Miyakejima Island's mafic stratovolcano is a fine example to demonstrate such process. Suona Crater is the topmost crater of the 3 km long fissure aligned chain of small-volume volcanoes that formed in the 7th century flank of the summit region of the Miyakejima mafic stratovolcano. The oval shape crater of Suona (400 x 300 m) is surrounded by a tuff ring that developed over lava flows and epiclastic deposits accumulated in an older caldera forming about a tuff ring that is about 25 m in its thickest section with a basal consistent lava spatter dominated unit gradually transforming into a more scoria-dominated middle unit. A caldera-forming eruption in AD 2000 half-sectioned the Suona Crater exposing of its internal diatreme - crater in-fill - tephra rim succession providing a unique opportunity to understand the 3D architecture of the volcano. Toward the top of the preserved and exposed tuff ring section a clear gradual transition can be seen toward more abundance of chilled dark juvenile particles providing a matrix of a coarse ash that commonly hold cauliflower lapilli and bomb. This transition indicates that the eruption progressed from an early dry explosive phase such as lava fountaining to be a more Strombolian style explosive eruption that later on turned to be heavily influenced by external water producing debris jet dominated phreatomagmatic tephra and radially expanding pyroclastic density currents to deposit their load around the growing crater. This 3D architecture can only be explained if we infer that the original lower fissure-fed eruptions gradually allow melt to move toward the summit region where they hit ground water accumulated in an older caldera infill that hosted a succession of lava flows intercalated with lava foot and top breccias as well as abundant pyroclastic and reworked porous deposits capable to harvest water from rain and let them ponded along aquitard horizons in the caldera structure. We infer that such eruption mechanism is probably a common eruption style especially associated with volcanic islands with mafic stratovoclanoes that contain some summit caldera structures and located in humic and/or tropical climate.

40 CFR 35.2015 - State priority system and project priority list.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... achieve optimum water quality management consistent with the goals and requirements of the Act. All..., needs and priorities set forth in areawide water quality management plans, and any other factors... priority to projects in priority water quality areas. The priority system may also include the...

Chemical Processing of Organics within Clouds: Pilot Study at Whiteface Mountain in Upstate NY

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lance, S.; Carlton, A. G.; Barth, M. C.; Schwab, J. J.; Minder, J. R.; Freedman, J. M.; Zhang, J.; Brandt, R. E.; Casson, P.; Brewer, M.; Orlowski, D.; Christiansen, A.

2017-12-01

Aqueous chemical processing within cloud and fog water has been identified as a key process in the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) mass, which is found abundantly throughout the troposphere. Yet, significant uncertainty remains regarding the organic chemical reactions taking place within clouds and the conditions under which those reactions occur. Routine longterm measurements from the Whiteface Mountain (WFM) Research Observatory in upstate NY provide a unique and broad view of regional air quality relevant to the formation of particulate matter within clouds, largely due to the fact that the summit of WFM is within non-precipitating clouds 30-50% in summertime and the site is undisturbed by local sources. An NSF-funded Cloud Chemistry Workshop in Sept 2016 brought together key researchers at WFM to lay out the most pertinent scientific questions relevant to heterogeneous chemistry occurring within fogs and clouds and to discuss preliminary model intercomparisons. The workshop culminated in a plan to coordinate chemical analyses of cloud water samples focused on chemical constituents thought to be most relevant for SOA formation. Workshop participants also recommended that a pilot study be conducted at WFM to better characterize the meteorological conditions, airflow patterns and clouds intercepting the site, in preparation for future intensive field operations focused on the chemical processing of organics within clouds. This presentation will highlight the experimental design and preliminary observations from the pilot study taking place at WFM in August 2017. Upwind below-cloud measurements of aerosol CCN activation efficiency, size distribution and chemical composition will be compared with similar measurements made at the summit. Under certain conditions, we anticipate that aerosols measured at the summit between cloud events will be representative of cloud droplet residuals recently detrained from the frequent shallow cumulus intercepting the summit. Wind LIDAR and radiosonde observations will be used to link the below-cloud and summit observations. These pre- and post- `cloud processed' aerosols will also be compared with the chemical composition of cloud water samples to evaluate changes to the organic partitioning in the aqueous and aerosol phases.

International summit on the nutrition of adolescent girls and young women: consensus statement.

PubMed

Krebs, Nancy; Bagby, Susan; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A; Dewey, Kathryn; Fall, Caroline; Gregory, Fred; Hay, William; Rhuman, Lisa; Caldwell, Christine Wallace; Thornburg, Kent L

2017-07-01

An international summit focusing on the difficult challenge of providing adequate nutrition for adolescent girls and young women in low- and middle-income countries was held in Portland, Oregon in 2015. Sixty-seven delegates from 17 countries agreed on a series of recommendations that would make progress toward improving the nutritional status of girls and young women in countries where their access to nutrition is compromised. Delegate recommendations include: (1) elevate the urgency of nutrition for girls and young women to a high international priority, (2) raise the social status of girls and young women in all regions of the world, (3) identify major knowledge gaps in the biology of adolescence that could be filled by robust research efforts, (4) and improve access to nutrient-rich foods for girls and young women. Attention to these recommendations would improve the health of young women in all nations of the world. © 2017 The Authors. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences published by Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of New York Academy of Sciences.

Hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions of waters from fumaroles at Kilauea summit, Hawaii

USGS Publications Warehouse

Hinkley, T.K.; Quick, J.E.; Gregory, R.T.; Gerlach, T.M.

1995-01-01

Condensate samples were collected in 1992 from a high-temperature (300?? C) fumarole on the floor of the Halemaumau Pit Crater at Kilauea. The emergence about two years earlier of such a hot fumarole was unprecedented at such a central location at Kilauea. The condensates have hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions which indicate that the waters emitted by the fumarole are composed largely of meteoric water, that any magmatic water component must be minor, and that the precipitation that was the original source to the fumarole fell on a recharge area on the slopes of Mauna Loa Volcano to the west. However, the fumarole has no tritium, indicating that it taps a source of water that has been isolated from atmospheric water for at least 40 years. It is noteworthy, considering the unstable tectonic environment and abundant local rainfall of the Kilauea and Mauna Loa regions, that waters which are sources to the hot fumarole remain uncontaminated from atmospheric sources over such long times and long transport distances. As for the common, boiling point fumaroles of the Kilauea summit region, their 18O, D and tritium concentrations indicate that they are dominated by recycling of present day meteoric water. Though the waters of both hot and boiling point fumaroles have dominantly meteoric sources, they seem to be from separate hydrological regimes. Large concentrations of halogens and sulfur species in the condensates, together with the location at the center of the Kilauea summit region and the high temperature, initially suggested that much of the total mass of the emissions of the hot fumarole, including the H2O, might have come directly from a magma body. The results of the present study indicate that it is unreliable to infer a magmatic origin of volcanic waters based solely on halogen or sulfur contents, or other aspects of chemical composition of total condensates. ?? 1995 Springer-Verlag.

EPA'S EXPERTISE IN MICROBIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL DETECTION

EPA Science Inventory

To be presented at the 2007 Clean Water Partnership Summit held September 5-6, 2007 in Cincinnati, OH. The Challenge -Maintaining and Protecting Water Quality. Contaminants come from a variety of natural and man-made sources. Annually, 300 million tons of synthetic compounds deri...

The Community Connection

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rittenburg, Rebecca; Miller, Brant G.; Rust, Cindy; Esler, Jamie; Kreider, Rusti; Boylan, Ryan; Squires, Audrey

2015-01-01

In a regional gathering called the Youth Water Summit, high school students present projects that respond to the driving question behind their science curriculum: "How can you address a significant water resource challenge in your community's watershed?" Students exhibit scientific posters, interactive presentations, films, art projects,…

Epibenthic communities of sedimentary habitats in a NE Atlantic deep seamount (Galicia Bank)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Serrano, A.; Cartes, J. E.; Papiol, V.; Punzón, A.; García-Alegre, A.; Arronte, J. C.; Ríos, P.; Lourido, A.; Frutos, I.; Blanco, M.

2017-12-01

Galicia Bank is a deep seamount included as Site of Community Importance (SCI) in the Spanish Natura 2000 Network proposal. In the present study, epibenthic assemblages of sedimentary habitats have been described, together with the main environmental factor explaining species and communities distribution. Five epibenthic assemblages have been identified. Depth was the main factor explaining assemblage distribution, and the role of sediment type, water masses, and coral framework presence is also discussed. Three assemblages are located in the summit: the shallowest one (730-770 m), in the boundary between Eastern North Atlantic Central Water (ENACW) and Mediterranean Overflow Water (MOW) water masses is typified by ophiuroids and characterized by medium sands. The second assemblage (770-800 m) typified by the bivalve Limopsis minuta and the solitary coral Flabellum chunii correspond with medium sands and MOW core; and the third typified by the presence of cold-water coral communities dominated by Lophelia pertusa and Madrepora oculata, also on the MOW influence. In the border of the summit, in the bank break, an assemblage located in the range 1000-1200 m is dominated by the urchin Cidaris cidaris and the sponge Thenea muricata. In the flat flanks around the bank, the deepest assemblage (1400-1800 m) is dominated by the holothurian Benthogone rosea, in a depth range dominated by the Labrador water (LSW) and in fine sands with highest contents of organic matter. Most of species appeared in a depth range smaller than 25% of total depth range sampled and in < 10% of samples. Differential preference of species is evident in the different trophic guilds, with a higher dominance of filter-feeders in the summit and of deposit-feeders in the deepest assemblage, and have clear links with nutrient dynamics in the bank.

Bedrock geology of snyderville basin: Structural geology techniques applied to understanding the hydrogeology of a rapidly developing region, Summit County, Utah

USGS Publications Warehouse

Keighley, K.E.; Yonkee, W.A.; Ashland, F.X.; Evans, J.P.

1997-01-01

The availability of ground water is a problem for many communities throughout the west. As these communities continue to experience growth, the initial allocation of ground water supplies proves inadequate and may force restrictions on existing, and future, development plans. Much of this new growth relies on ground water supplies extracted from fractured bedrock aquifers. An example of a community faced with this problem is western Summit County, near Park City, Utah, This area has experienced significant water shortages coupled with a 50% growth rate in the past 10-15 years. Recent housing development rests directly on complexly deformed Triassic to Jurassic sedimentary rocks in the hanging wall of the Mount Raymond-Absaroka thrust system. The primary fractured bedrock aquifers are the Nugget Sandstone, and limestones in the Thaynes and Twin Creek Formations. Ground water production and management strategies can be improved if the geometry of the structures and the flow properties of the fractured and folded bedrock can be established. We characterize the structures that may influence ground water flow at two sites: the Pinebrook and Summit Park subdivisions, which demonstrate abrupt changes (less than 1 mi/1.6 km) within the hydrogeologic systems. Geologic mapping at scales of 1:4500 (Pinebrook) and 1:9600 (Summit Park), scanline fracture mapping at the outcrop scale, geologic cross sections, water well data, and structural analysis, provides a clearer picture of the hydrogeologic setting of the aquifers in this region, and has been used to successfully site wells. In the Pinebrook area, the dominate map-scale structures of the area is the Twomile Canyon anticline, a faulted box-like to conical anticline. Widely variable bedding orientations suggest that the fold is segmented and is non-cylindrical and conical on the western limb with a fold axis that plunges to the northwest and also to the southeast, and forms a box-type fold between the middle and eastern limbs with a fold axis that plunges to the northeast. The fold is cut by several faults including the Toll Canyon fault, which we interpret as a west-directed folded hanging-wall splay off the east-directed Mt. Raymond thrust. These complex geometries may be due to at least two phases of deformation. Results from outcrop analyses show that the fractured bedrock aquifers are lithologically heterogeneous, anisotropic, and compartmentalized. Two exposures of the Toll Canyon fault show that even though the fault cores may be thin, extensive damage zones develop in the Nugget Sandstone and Thaynes Limestone, and shale smears form in the Triassic shales. The damaged zones may be regions of enhanced fracture permeability, whereas the shale smears act as flow barriers. The orientation, density, and hydrogeologic characteristics for predominate fracture sets vary within meters. In the Summit Park area, chronic water shortages required new wells to be sited in the northeast-plunging Summit Park anticline. The anticline experienced two phases of folding and at least one episode of faulting. Structural analysis of the fold defined the geometry of the structure, and a down plunge projection along the fold hinge was used to estimate the location of the Nugget Sandstone at a depth of 700 ft (213 m). The crestal region of the anticline was drilled in order to intercept regions of higher fracture density in the fold. The test well penetrated the Nugget Sandstone at 698 ft depth, and two production wells with long-term yields of 120 and 180 gpm completed. One well in the Sliderock Member (Twin Creek Formation) experiences seasonal fluctuations whereas production in the Nugget sandstone has only subdued seasonal variations, suggesting the Nugget may have great storage. Complex structures work against the typical basin yield approach for water budgets, therefore, water supply estimates may benefit from detailed studies within local areas. The results of this study demonstrate how tradition

Reconnaissance evaluation of surface-water quality in Eagle, Grand, Jackson, Pitkin, Routt, and Summit counties, Colorado

USGS Publications Warehouse

Britton, Linda J.

1979-01-01

Water-quality data were collected from streams in a six-county area in northwest Colorado to determine if the streams were polluted and, if so, to determine the sources of the pollution. Eighty-three stream sites were selected for sampling in Eagle, Grand, Jackson, Pitkin, Routt, and Summit Counties. A summary of data collected prior to this study, results of current chemical and biological sampling, and needs for future water-quality monitoring are reported for each county. Data collected at selected sites included temperature, pH, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, and stream discharge. Chemical data collected included nutrients, inorganics, organics, and trace elements. Biological data collected included counts and species composition of total and fecal-coliform bacteria, fecal-streptococcus bacteria, benthic invertebrates, and phytoplankton. Most of the sites were sampled three times: in April-June 1976, August 1976, and January 1977. (Woodard-USGS)

Assessments of Ali, Dome A, and Summit Camp for mm-wave Observations Using MERRA-2 Reanalysis

DOE PAGES

Kuo, Chao -Lin

2017-10-10

NASA's latest MERRA-2 reanalysis of the modern satellite measurements has made atmospheric data easily accessible with unprecedented uniformity, fidelity, and completeness. In this paper, these data are used to evaluate five sites for millimeter-wave (mm-wave) observations. These include two established sites (South Pole and Chajnantor, Atacama), and three new sites (Ali in Tibet, Dome A in Antarctica, and Summit Camp in Greenland). Atmospheric properties including precipitable water vapor (PWV), sky brightness temperature fluctuations, and ice and liquid water paths are derived and compared. Dome A emerges to be the best among those evaluated, with PWV and fluctuations smaller than themore » second-best site, South Pole, by more than a factor of 2. It is found that the higher site in Ali (6100 m) is on par with Cerro Chajnantor (5612 m) in terms of transmission and stability. The lower site in Ali (5250 m) planned for the first stage of observations at 90/150 GHz provides conditions comparable to those on the Chajnantor Plateau. These analyses confirm Ali to be an excellent mm-wave site in the Northern Hemisphere that will complement well-established Southern sites. According to MERRA-2 data, the observing conditions at Summit Camp are also comparable to Cerro Chajnantor. Furthermore, it is more affected by the presence of liquid water clouds.« less

Assessments of Ali, Dome A, and Summit Camp for mm-wave Observations Using MERRA-2 Reanalysis

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kuo, Chao -Lin

NASA's latest MERRA-2 reanalysis of the modern satellite measurements has made atmospheric data easily accessible with unprecedented uniformity, fidelity, and completeness. In this paper, these data are used to evaluate five sites for millimeter-wave (mm-wave) observations. These include two established sites (South Pole and Chajnantor, Atacama), and three new sites (Ali in Tibet, Dome A in Antarctica, and Summit Camp in Greenland). Atmospheric properties including precipitable water vapor (PWV), sky brightness temperature fluctuations, and ice and liquid water paths are derived and compared. Dome A emerges to be the best among those evaluated, with PWV and fluctuations smaller than themore » second-best site, South Pole, by more than a factor of 2. It is found that the higher site in Ali (6100 m) is on par with Cerro Chajnantor (5612 m) in terms of transmission and stability. The lower site in Ali (5250 m) planned for the first stage of observations at 90/150 GHz provides conditions comparable to those on the Chajnantor Plateau. These analyses confirm Ali to be an excellent mm-wave site in the Northern Hemisphere that will complement well-established Southern sites. According to MERRA-2 data, the observing conditions at Summit Camp are also comparable to Cerro Chajnantor. Furthermore, it is more affected by the presence of liquid water clouds.« less

Assessments of Ali, Dome A, and Summit Camp for mm-wave Observations Using MERRA-2 Reanalysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kuo, Chao-Lin

2017-10-01

NASA’s latest MERRA-2 reanalysis of the modern satellite measurements has made atmospheric data easily accessible with unprecedented uniformity, fidelity, and completeness. In this paper, these data are used to evaluate five sites for millimeter-wave (mm-wave) observations. These include two established sites (South Pole and Chajnantor, Atacama), and three new sites (Ali in Tibet, Dome A in Antarctica, and Summit Camp in Greenland). Atmospheric properties including precipitable water vapor (PWV), sky brightness temperature fluctuations, and ice and liquid water paths are derived and compared. Dome A emerges to be the best among those evaluated, with PWV and fluctuations smaller than the second-best site, South Pole, by more than a factor of 2. It is found that the higher site in Ali (6100 m) is on par with Cerro Chajnantor (5612 m) in terms of transmission and stability. The lower site in Ali (5250 m) planned for the first stage of observations at 90/150 GHz provides conditions comparable to those on the Chajnantor Plateau. These analyses confirm Ali to be an excellent mm-wave site in the Northern Hemisphere that will complement well-established Southern sites. According to MERRA-2 data, the observing conditions at Summit Camp are also comparable to Cerro Chajnantor. However, it is more affected by the presence of liquid water clouds.

Overview of Mount Washington Icing Sensors Project

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ryerson, Charles C.; Politovich, Marcia K.; Rancourt, Kenneth L.; Koenig, George G.; Reinking, Roger F.; Miller, Dean R.

2003-01-01

NASA, the FAA, the Department of Defense, the National Center for Atmospheric Research and NOAA are developing techniques for retrieving cloud microphysical properties from a variety of remote sensing technologies. The intent is to predict aircraft icing conditions ahead of aircraft. The Mount Washington Icing Sensors Project MWISP), conducted in April, 1999 at Mt. Washington, NH, was organized to evaluate technologies for the prediction of icing conditions ahead of aircraft in a natural environment, and to characterize icing cloud and drizzle environments. April was selected for operations because the Summit is typically in cloud, generally has frequent freezing precipitation in spring, and the clouds have high liquid water contents. Remote sensing equipment, consisting of radars, radiometers and a lidar, was placed at the base of the mountain, and probes measuring cloud particles, and a radiometer, were operated from the Summit. NASA s Twin Otter research aircraft also conducted six missions over the site. Operations spanned the entire month of April, which was dominated by wrap-around moisture from a low pressure center stalled off the coast of Labrador providing persistent upslope clouds with relatively high liquid water contents and mixed phase conditions. Preliminary assessments indicate excellent results from the lidar, radar polarimetry, radiosondes and summit and aircraft measurements.

18 CFR 1301.2 - Public reading rooms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Public reading rooms. 1301.2 Section 1301.2 Conservation of Power and Water Resources TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY PROCEDURES... 400 W. Summit Hill Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37902-1499, and 1101 Market Street, Chattanooga...

Database for the Geologic Map of the Summit Region of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii

USGS Publications Warehouse

Dutton, Dillon R.; Ramsey, David W.; Bruggman, Peggy E.; Felger, Tracey J.; Lougee, Ellen; Margriter, Sandy; Showalter, Patrick; Neal, Christina A.; Lockwood, John P.

2007-01-01

INTRODUCTION The area covered by this map includes parts of four U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) 7.5' topographic quadrangles (Kilauea Crater, Volcano, Ka`u Desert, and Makaopuhi). It encompasses the summit, upper rift zones, and Koa`e Fault System of Kilauea Volcano and a part of the adjacent, southeast flank of Mauna Loa Volcano. The map is dominated by products of eruptions from Kilauea Volcano, the southernmost of the five volcanoes on the Island of Hawai`i and one of the world's most active volcanoes. At its summit (1,243 m) is Kilauea Crater, a 3 km-by-5 km collapse caldera that formed, possibly over several centuries, between about 200 and 500 years ago. Radiating away from the summit caldera are two linear zones of intrusion and eruption, the east and the southwest rift zones. Repeated subaerial eruptions from the summit and rift zones have built a gently sloping, elongate shield volcano covering approximately 1,500 km2. Much of the volcano lies under water: the east rift zone extends 110 km from the summit to a depth of more than 5,000 m below sea level; whereas, the southwest rift zone has a more limited submarine continuation. South of the summit caldera, mostly north-facing normal faults and open fractures of the Koa`e Fault System extend between the two rift zones. The Koa`e Fault System is interpreted as a tear-away structure that accommodates southward movement of Kilauea's flank in response to distension of the volcano perpendicular to the rift zones. This digital release contains all the information used to produce the geologic map published as USGS Geologic Investigations Series I-2759 (Neal and Lockwood, 2003). The main component of this digital release is a geologic map database prepared using ArcInfo GIS. This release also contains printable files for the geologic map and accompanying descriptive pamphlet from I-2759.

Volcanic gas emissions and their impact on ambient air character at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sutton, A.J.; Elias, T.; Navarrete, R.

1994-12-31

Gas emissions from Kilauea occur from the summit caldera, along the middle East Rift Zone (ERZ), and where lava enters the ocean. We estimate that the current ERZ eruption of Kilauea releases between 400 metric tonnes of SO{sub 2} per day, during eruptive pauses, to as much as 1850 metric tonnes per day during actively erupting periods, along with lesser amounts of other chemically and radiatively active species including H{sub 2}S, HCl and HF. In order to characterize gas emissions from Kilauea in a meaningful way for assessing environmental impact, we made a series of replicate grab-sample measurements of ambientmore » air and precipitation at the summit of Kilauea, along its ERZ, and at coastal sites where lava enters the ocean. The grab-sampling data combined with SO{sub 2} emission rates, and continuous air quality and meteorological monitoring at the summit of Kilauea show that the effects of these emissions on ambient air character are a complex function of chemical reactivity, source geometry and effusivity, and local meteorology. Prevailing tradewinds typically carry the gases and aerosols released to the southwest, where they are further distributed by the regional wind regime. Episodes of kona, or low speed variable winds sometimes disrupt this pattern, however, and allow the gases and their oxidation products to collect at the summit and eastern side of the island. Summit solfatara areas of Kilauea are distinguished by moderate to high ambient SO{sub 2}, high H{sub 2}S at one location, and low H{sub 2}S at all others, and negligible HCl concentrations, as measured 1 m from degassing point-sources. Summit solfatara rain water has high sulfate and low chloride ion concentrations, and low pH.« less

Workgroup report: developing environmental health indicators for European children: World Health Organization Working Group.

PubMed

Pond, Kathy; Kim, Rokho; Carroquino, Maria-Jose; Pirard, Philippe; Gore, Fiona; Cucu, Alexandra; Nemer, Leda; MacKay, Morag; Smedje, Greta; Georgellis, Antonis; Dalbokova, Dafina; Krzyzanowski, Michal

2007-09-01

A working group coordinated by the World Health Organization developed a set of indicators to protect children's health from environmental risks and to support current and future European policy needs. On the basis of identified policy needs, the group developed a core set of 29 indicators for implementation plus an extended set of eight additional indicators for future development, focusing on exposure, health effects, and action. As far as possible, the indicators were designed to use existing information and are flexible enough to be developed further to meet the needs of policy makers and changing health priorities. These indicators cover most of the priority topic areas specified in the Children's Environment and Health Action Plan for Europe (CEHAPE) as adopted in the Fourth Ministerial Conference on Health and Environment in 2004, and will be used to monitor the implementation of CEHAPE. This effort can be viewed as an integral part of the Global Initiative on Children's Environmental Health Indicators, launched at the World Summit on Sustainable Development in 2002.

Management strategies for sustainable western water

Treesearch

Scott Tyler; Sudeep Chandra; Gordon Grant

2017-01-01

With the effects of the dramatic western US drought still reverberating through the landscape, researchers gathered in advance of the 20th annual Lake Tahoe Summit to discuss western US water issues in the 21st century. This two-day workshop brought together ~40 researchers from universities and agencies (federal and state) to discuss the prospects that...

Preventing volcanic catastrophe; the U.S. International Volcano Disaster Assistance Program

USGS Publications Warehouse

Ewert, J.W.; Murray, T.L.; Lockhart, A. B.; Miller, C.D.

1993-01-01

Unfortunately, a storm on November 13, 1985, obscured the glacier-clad summit of Nevado del Ruiz. On that night an explosive eruption tore through the summit and spewed approximately 20 million cubic meters of hot ash and rocks across the snow-covered glacier. These materials were transported across the snow pack by avalanches of hot volcanic debris (pyroclastic flows) and fast-moving, hot, turbulent clouds of gas and ash (pyroclastic surges). The hot pyroclastic flows and surges caused rapid melting of the snow and ice and created large volumes of water that swept down canyons leading away from the summit. As these floods of water descended the volcano, they picked up loose debris and soil from the canyon floors and walls, growing both in volume and density, to form hot lahars. In the river valleys farther down the volcano's flanks, the lahars were as much as 40 m thick and traveled at velocities as fast as 50 km/h. Two and a half hours after the start of the eruption one of the lahars reachered Armero, 74 km from the explosion crater. In a few short minutes most of the town was swept away or buried in a torrent of mud and boulders, and three quaters of the townspeople perished.  

Summit crater lake observations, and the location, chemistry, and pH of water samples near Mount Chiginagak volcano, Alaska: 2004-2012

USGS Publications Warehouse

Schaefer, Janet R.; Scott, William E.; Evans, William C.; Wang, Bronwen; McGimsey, Robert G.

2013-01-01

Mount Chiginagak is a hydrothermally active volcano on the Alaska Peninsula, approximately 170 km south–southwest of King Salmon, Alaska (fig. 1). This small stratovolcano, approximately 8 km in diameter, has erupted through Tertiary to Permian sedimentary and igneous rocks (Detterman and others, 1987). The highest peak is at an elevation of 2,135 m, and the upper ~1,000 m of the volcano are covered with snow and ice. Holocene activity consists of debris avalanches, lahars, and lava flows. Pleistocene pyroclastic flows and block-and-ash flows, interlayered with andesitic lava flows, dominate the edifice rocks on the northern and western flanks. Historical reports of activity are limited and generally describe “steaming” and “smoking” (Coats, 1950; Powers, 1958). Proximal tephra collected during recent fieldwork suggests there may have been limited Holocene explosive activity that resulted in localized ash fall. A cluster of fumaroles on the north flank, at an elevation of ~1,750 m, commonly referred to as the “north flank fumarole” have been emitting gas throughout historical time (location shown in fig. 2). The only other thermal feature at the volcano is the Mother Goose hot springs located at the base of the edifice on the northwestern flank in upper Volcano Creek, at an elevation of ~160 m (fig. 2, near sites H1, H3, and H4). Sometime between November 2004 and May 2005, a ~400-m-wide, 100-m-deep lake developed in the snow- and ice-filled summit crater of the volcano (Schaefer and others, 2008). In early May 2005, an estimated 3 million cubic meters (3×106 m3) of sulfurous, clay-rich debris and acidic water exited the crater through tunnels at the base of a glacier that breaches the south crater rim. More than 27 km downstream, these acidic flood waters reached approximately 1.3 m above normal water levels and inundated a fertile, salmon-spawning drainage, acidifying the entire water column of Mother Goose Lake from its surface waters to its maximum depth of 45 m (resulting pH ~2.9), and preventing the annual salmon run in the King Salmon River. A simultaneous release of gas and acidic aerosols from the crater caused widespread vegetation damage along the flow path. Since 2005, we have been monitoring the crater lake water that continues to flow into Mother Goose Lake by collecting surface water samples for major cation and anion analysis, measuring surface-water pH of affected drainages, and photo-documenting the condition of the summit crater lake. This report describes water sampling locations, provides a table of chemistry and pH measurements, and documents the condition of the summit crater between 2004 and 2011. In September 2013, the report was updated with results of water-chemistry samples collected in 2011 and 2012, which were added as an addendum.

Geothermal disruption of ice at Mount Spurr Volcano, 2004 - 2006: An unusual manifestation of volcanic unrest in Alaska

USGS Publications Warehouse

Coombs, Michelle L.; Neal, Christina A.; Wessels, Rick L.; McGimsey, Robert G.

2006-01-01

Mount Spurr, a 3,374-m-high stratovolcano in the Cook Inlet region of Alaska, showed signs of volcanic unrest beginning in 2004 and lasting through 2006. These signs included increases in heat flow, seismicity, and gas flux, which we interpret as the results of a magmatic intrusion in mid-2004. In response, debris-laden meltwater beneath the glacier in Mount Spurr's geothermally active summit basin accumulated as the overlying snow and ice melted. As heat output increased, the icecap subsided into a growing cavity over a meltwater lake, similar to that observed during subglacial volcanic activity in Iceland. An ice plug collapsed into the lake sometime between June 20 and July 8, 2004, forming an ice cauldron that continued to grow in diameter during 2004 and 2005. A freefall of ice and snow into the lake likely caused a mixture of water and debris to be displaced rapidly upward and outward along preexisting englacial and, possibly, subglacial pathways leading away and downslope from the summit basin. Where these pathways intersected crevasses or other weak points in the sloping icefield, the mixture debouched onto the surface, producing dark, fluid debris flows. In summer 2004, the occurrence of two sets of debris flows separated in time by as long as a week suggests two pulses of summit ice collapse, each producing a surge of water and debris from the lake. A single debris flow was also emplaced on May 2, 2005. This event, which was captured by a Web camera, occurred simultaneously with a lake-level drop of ~15 m. To the east of the ice cauldron, a spillway that fed the debris flows has apparently maintained a relatively constant lake level for months at a time. Aerial photographs show that the spillway is in the direction of a breach in the summit crater. Melting of snow and ice at the summit has continued through 2006, with a total meltwater volume of ~5.4 million m3 as of March 2006.

Proceedings of the AMCP Integrated Care Summit: population health and quality improvement in anaphylaxis.

PubMed

2014-01-01

Anaphylaxis is a serious allergic reaction, often caused by food allergies, insect venom, medications, latex, or exercise. The condition is rapid in onset and may cause death. Because of the potential risk of death, it is critical to recognize anaphylaxis quickly and be prepared to treat it appropriately. To review the current trends and challenges related to anaphylaxis management, treatment, and prevention and explore strategies for how to improve access and awareness for patients who are at high risk for anaphylaxis. Fifteen stakeholders gathered on May 22, 2013, in Alexandria, Virginia, for a meeting to discuss population health and quality improvement in anaphylaxis convened by the Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy.Summit participants included managed care leaders, nurses, physicians, and organizations that advocate for consumers. Data on the clinical and financial impact of anaphylaxis are limited and are impacted by under diagnoses, underreporting, and miscoding of anaphylaxis. There is a significant need to increase awareness of the symptoms of anaphylaxis and ensure that patients at risk have access to available treatments. Additional education and training for both patients and health care professionals are needed to recognize the signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis and ensure the appropriate use of epinephrine auto injectors. Managed care companies have a need to better understand how to design and improve health benefits to support patients with anaphylaxis. Summit participants determined that there are opportunities to improve care for patients with anaphylaxis. The availability of epinephrine auto-injectors is not and should not be highly controlled, and the education and training of patients and health care professionals on the appropriate use of these devices are priorities. Attendees discussed numerous strategies that can be implemented by providers, health plans,and hospitals to improve patient care in this disease state.

Proceedings of the 2013 CINP Summit: Innovative Partnerships to Accelerate CNS Drug Discovery for Improved Patient Care

PubMed Central

Hongaard-Andersen, Peter; Moscicki, Richard A.; Sahakian, Barbara; Quirion, Rémi; Krishnan, K. Ranga Rama; Race, Tim

2015-01-01

Central nervous system (CNS) diseases and, in particular, mental health disorders, are becoming recognized as the health challenge of the 21st century. Currently, at least 10% of the global population is affected by a mental health disorder, a figure that is set to increase year on year. Meanwhile, the rate of development of new CNS drugs has not increased for many years, despite unprecedented levels of investment. In response to this state of affairs, the Collegium Internationale Neuro-Psychopharmacologicum (CINP) convened a summit to discuss ways to reverse this disturbing trend through new partnerships to accelerate CNS drug discovery. The objectives of the Summit were to explore the issues affecting the value chain (i.e. the chain of activities or stakeholders that a company engages in/with to deliver a product to market) in brain research, thereby gaining insights from key stakeholders and developing actions to address unmet needs; to identify achievable objectives to address the issues; to develop action plans to bring about measurable improvements across the value chain and accelerate CNS drug discovery; and finally, to communicate recommendations to governments, the research and development community, and other relevant stakeholders. Summit outputs include the following action plans, aligned to the pressure points within the brain research-drug development value chain: Code of conduct dealing with conflict of interest issues,Prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment,Linking science and regulation,Patient involvement in trial design, definition of endpoints, etc.,Novel trial design,Reproduction and confirmation of data,Update of intellectual property (IP) laws to facilitate repurposing and combination therapy (low priority),Large-scale, global patient registries,Editorials on nomenclature, biomarkers, and diagnostic tools, andPublic awareness, with brain disease advocates to attend G8 meetings and World Economic Forum (WEF) Annual meetings in Davos, Switzerland. In this context Professor Barbara Sahakian recently made a formal presentation at the World Economic Forum (see Barbara Sahakian Blog from April 11, 2014, at https://forumblog.org/people/barbara-sahakian/) Full details of the discussions that formed the bases for these actions are presented in the main body of this document. PMID:25542690

Trends in municipal-well installations and aquifer utilization in southeastern Minnesota, 1880-1980

USGS Publications Warehouse

Woodward, D.G.

1985-01-01

Water appropriation in Minnesota is regulated through a permit system based on five water-use priorities. Domestic water supply, excluding industrial and commercial uses of a municipal water supply, is the highest priority (Minnesota Statutes, Chapter 105.41). Under the regulations, uses of a lower priority are not permitted to adversely affect uses of a higher priority. Identification of the aquifer(s) used for municipal supplies is also necessary to safeguard these supplies from adverse effects of competing water users and contamination, and to evaluate the consequences of each.

Geophysical characteristics of the hydrothermal systems of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kauahikaua, J.

1993-08-01

Clues to the structure of Kilauea volcano can be obtained from spatial studies of gravity, magnetic, and seismic velocity variations. The rift zones and summit are underlain by dense, magnetic, and seismic velocity variations. The rift zones and summit are underlain by dense, magnetic, high P-wave-velocity rocks at depths of about 2 km less. The gravity and seismic velocity studies indicate that the rift structures are broad, extending farther to the north than to the south of the surface features. The magnetic data allow separation into a narrow, highly-magnetized, shallow zone and broad, flanking, magnetic lows. The patterns of gravity,more » magnetic variations, and seismicity document the southward migration of the upper east rift zone. Regional, hydrologic features of Kilauea can be determined from resistivity and self-potential studies. High-level groundwater exists beneath Kilauea summit to elevations of +800 m within a triangular area bounded by the west edge of the upper southwest rift zone, the east edge of the upper east rift zone, and the Koa'e fault system. High-level groundwater is present within the east rift zone beyond the triangular summit area. Self-potential mapping shows that areas of local heat produce local fluid circulation in the unconfined aquifer (water table). Shallow seismicity and surface deformation indicate that magma is intruding and that fractures are forming beneath the rift zones and summit area. Heat flows of 370--820 mW/m[sup 2] are calculated from deep wells within the lower east rift zone. The estimated heat input rate for Kilauea of 9 gigawatts (GW) is at least 25 times higher than the conductive heat loss as estimated from the heat flow in wells extrapolated over the area of the summit caldera and rift zones. 115 refs., 13 figs., 1 tab.« less

78 FR 69873 - Notice of Availability of the Record of Decision and Final Supplemental Environmental Impact...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-21

... Center for Biological Diversity, Defenders of Wildlife, and the Summit Lake Paiute Tribe, among other... with hydrostatic testing and dust abatement would impact listed fish that occur in surface waters. The...

Water quality monitoring for high-priority water bodies in the Sonoran Desert network

Treesearch

Terry W. Sprouse; Robert M. Emanuel; Sara A. Strorrer

2005-01-01

This paper describes a network monitoring program for “high priority” water bodies in the Sonoran Desert Network of the National Park Service. Protocols were developed for monitoring selected waters for ten of the eleven parks in the Network. Park and network staff assisted in identifying potential locations of testing sites, local priorities, and how water quality...

Summiteers--Moving Mountains with Bereaved Boys

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Renner, Hans-Georg

2011-01-01

Summiteers are people who rush to the top. There is a mountain summit and a metaphorical summit inside us which we can climb. In the area of mountain summits, Reinhold Messner is surely the best known and most successful summiteer. He climbed, among other things, the highest peak on earth without supplemental oxygen. In the language of the country…

Winter water relations at the upper elevational limits of hemlock on Mt. Ascutney, Vermont

Treesearch

Chandra B. Vostral; Richard L. Boyce

2000-01-01

Winter water relations have been monitored in hemlock (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.) at their upper elevational limits for three winters, 1997, 1998, and 1999, on Mt. Ascutney, Vermont. Hemlock and white pine trees (Pinus strobus L.) reach their elevational limit on Mt. Ascutney at 640 m (2100?), while the summit has an elevation of...

40 CFR 35.2024 - Combined sewer overflows.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... project priority list, it addresses impaired uses in priority water quality areas which are due to the... must demonstrate to the Administrator that the water quality goals of the Act will not be achieved... priority water quality areas in marine bays and estuaries due to the impacts of combined sewer overflows...

1. VIEW LOOKING SOUTHWEST AT PARTIAL EAST ELEVATION OF FACTORY, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. VIEW LOOKING SOUTHWEST AT PARTIAL EAST ELEVATION OF FACTORY, SHOWING FORMER OHIO & ERIE CANAL PRISM IN FOREGROUND THAT WAS USED AS WATER RESERVOIR (500,000 GALLON) - Jaite Paper Mill, 1200 West Highland Road, Sagamore Hills, Summit County, OH

Workgroup Report: Developing Environmental Health Indicators for European Children: World Health Organization Working Group

PubMed Central

Pond, Kathy; Kim, Rokho; Carroquino, Maria-Jose; Pirard, Philippe; Gore, Fiona; Cucu, Alexandra; Nemer, Leda; MacKay, Morag; Smedje, Greta; Georgellis, Antonis; Dalbokova, Dafina; Krzyzanowski, Michal

2007-01-01

A working group coordinated by the World Health Organization developed a set of indicators to protect children’s health from environmental risks and to support current and future European policy needs. On the basis of identified policy needs, the group developed a core set of 29 indicators for implementation plus an extended set of eight additional indicators for future development, focusing on exposure, health effects, and action. As far as possible, the indicators were designed to use existing information and are flexible enough to be developed further to meet the needs of policy makers and changing health priorities. These indicators cover most of the priority topic areas specified in the Children’s Environment and Health Action Plan for Europe (CEHAPE) as adopted in the Fourth Ministerial Conference on Health and Environment in 2004, and will be used to monitor the implementation of CEHAPE. This effort can be viewed as an integral part of the Global Initiative on Children’s Environmental Health Indicators, launched at the World Summit on Sustainable Development in 2002. PMID:17805431

Geophysical investigation of seamounts near the Ogasawara Fracture Zone, western Pacific

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, T.-G.; Lee, K.; Hein, J. R.; Moon, J.-W.

2009-03-01

This paper provides an analysis of multi-channel seismic data obtained during 2000-2001 on seamounts near the Ogasawara Fracture Zone (OFZ) northwest of the Marshall Islands in the western Pacific. The OFZ is unique in that it is a wide rift zone that includes many seamounts. Seven units are delineated on the basis of acoustic characteristics and depth: three units (I, II, and III) on the summit of seamounts and four units (IV, V, VI, and VII) in basins. Acoustic characteristics of layers on the summit of guyots and dredged samples indicate that the seamounts had been built above sea level by volcanism. This was followed by reef growth along the summit margin, which enabled deposition of shallow-water carbonates on the summit, and finally by subsidence of the edifices. The subsidence depth of the seamounts, estimated from the lower boundary of unit II, ranges between 1,550 and 2,040 m. The thick unit I of the southern seamounts is correlated with proximity to the equatorial high productivity zone, whereas local currents may have strongly affected the distribution of unit I on northern seamounts. A seismic profile in the basin around the Ita Mai Tai and OSM4 seamounts shows an unconformity between units IV and V, which is widespread from the East Mariana Basin to the Pigafetta Basin.

Helicopter magnetic and electromagnetic surveys at Mounts Adams, Baker and Rainier, Washington: implications for debris flow hazards and volcano hydrology

USGS Publications Warehouse

Finn, Carol A.; Deszcz-Pan, Maria

2011-01-01

High‐resolution helicopter magnetic and electromagnetic (HEM) data flown over the rugged, ice‐covered Mt. Adams, Mt. Baker and Mt. Rainier volcanoes (Washington), reveal the distribution of alteration, water and ice thickness essential to evaluating volcanic landslide hazards. These data, combined with geological mapping and rock property measurements, indicate the presence of appreciable thicknesses (>500 m) of water‐saturated hydrothermally altered rock west of the modern summit of Mount Rainier in the Sunset Amphitheater region and in the central core of Mount Adams north of the summit. Alteration at Mount Baker is restricted to thinner (<300 m) zones beneath Sherman Crater and the Dorr Fumarole Fields. The EM data identified water‐saturated rocks from the surface to the detection limit (100–200 m) in discreet zones at Mt. Rainier and Mt Adams and over the entire summit region at Mt. Baker. The best estimates for ice thickness are obtained over relatively low resistivity (<800 ohm‐m) ground for the main ice cap on Mt. Adams and over most of the summit of Mt. Baker. The modeled distribution of alteration, pore fluids and partial ice volumes on the volcanoes helps identify likely sources for future alteration‐related debris flows, including the Sunset Amphitheater region at Mt. Rainier, steep cliffs at the western edge of the central altered zone at Mount Adams and eastern flanks of Mt. Baker.

Irrigation, risk aversion, and water right priority under water supply uncertainty.

PubMed

Li, Man; Xu, Wenchao; Rosegrant, Mark W

2017-09-01

This paper explores the impacts of a water right's allocative priority-as an indicator of farmers' risk-bearing ability-on land irrigation under water supply uncertainty. We develop and use an economic model to simulate farmers' land irrigation decision and associated economic returns in eastern Idaho. Results indicate that the optimal acreage of land irrigated increases with water right priority when hydroclimate risk exhibits a negatively skewed or right-truncated distribution. Simulation results suggest that prior appropriation enables senior water rights holders to allocate a higher proportion of their land to irrigation, 6 times as much as junior rights holders do, creating a gap in the annual expected net revenue reaching up to $141.4 acre -1 or $55,800 per farm between the two groups. The optimal irrigated acreage, expected net revenue, and shadow value of a water right's priority are subject to substantial changes under a changing climate in the future, where temporal variation in water supply risks significantly affects the profitability of agricultural land use under the priority-based water sharing mechanism.

76 FR 45311 - International Joint Commission Public Hearings on Binational Management of Lake of the Woods and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-28

... United States of America and Canada under the 1909 Boundary Waters Treaty and pursues the common good of... summit convened by the IJC to encourage the development of a watershed vision, common goals and...

Meltwater Origin of the 2005 Mount Steller Landslide Confirmed by Analysis of Global Fiducials Program Imagery

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Molnia, B. F.; Angeli, K.

2012-12-01

Alaska's Mt. Steller, a 3,236 m Chugach Mountains peak, is one of the target areas of the Bering Glacier Global Fiducials Program (GFP) site. On September 14, 2005, a large mass of rock, glacier ice, and snow, with a volume of ~50 million cubic meters, fell from just below Mt. Steller's south-facing summit and landed on the surface of a tributary to Bering Glacier, nearly 2,500 m below. The slide, which extended ~8 km down-glacier, was actually an ice-rock avalanche. The impact generated a seismic signal recorded with a magnitude of up to 5.2. Oblique aerial photography of the mountain, the head scarp, and the slide mass was collected for the U.S. Geological Survey's Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) on September 15, 2005. The photography delineated the morphology of the failed south-facing slope of the mountain and showed details of the sheared, near-summit hanging glacier and snow mass. Based on the photography, the AVO calculated the slide volume and length. Several weeks later, the AVO provided the first author with digital copies of the September 15 photography. These images were enhanced and examined in order to determine properties of the slide and to evaluate if the cause of the event could be determined. A number of features observed led to the conclusion that meltwater was probably responsible for destabilizing the glacier ice-bedrock contact and triggering the landslide. Specifically, a 10-15 m diameter englacial stream channel was seen in the truncated glacier ice that comprised the east wall of the landslide scarp and a water-polished channel opening was noted on the west wall scarp. Additionally, several depressions were noted that might have temporarily stored water. To confirm these observations, new cloud-free GFP imagery was obtained on October 24 and 28, 2005. Analysis of both sets of imagery documented that: (1) more than a month after the event, meltwater was exiting the east wall scarp channel and flowing down the face of the mountain; (2) the roof of the west wall channel tunnel had collapsed and its path could be discerned in the remaining ice and snow; (3) several near-summit depressions remained that suggested liquid water may have existed and been temporarily stored; (4) the surface on which the slide occurred had a slope that was >50 degrees; (5) the slide mass had many unique components suggesting a complex series of related failures; and (6) there was an absence of large rock bodies in the slide debris, suggesting that much of the failed material may have previously been fractured by freeze-thaw processes. The timely collection of GFP imagery confirmed the continued presence of meltwater near the point of origin of this slide. Coupled with the September 15 oblique photography, interpretation of these images suggests that a large volume of water had recently been flowing on Steller's east summit ridge and that the water might have had a role in triggering the landslide. The presence of a large volume of water close to the summit raises questions about climate change and its role in the future generation of high elevation landslides. Although Mt. Steller is tens of kilometers from the closest human infrastructure, there are numerous other settings around the world where mountains with similar elevations, hanging glaciers, and sun-facing orientations are in close proximity to human infrastructure.

Proceedings Report from the Sustainability Education Summit, September 20-21, 2010

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

US Department of Education, 2011

2011-01-01

The first-ever U. S. Department of Education summit on sustainability, "Sustainability Education Summit: Citizenship and Pathways for a Green Economy," was held on Sept. 20-21, 2010, in Washington, D.C. The Sustainability Education Summit (the Summit) brought together leaders from higher education, business and industry, labor,…

UN food summit tries to focus world attention on hunger.

PubMed

Scommegna, P

1996-11-01

This article discusses the November 1996 World Food Summit in Rome, women's role as food producers, overconsumption, and justification for a world conference focus. The Summit was planned by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization and is to focus on how to provide people with food security and how to keep pace with growing needs without causing environmental damage. The Summit takes place during a time when 841 million of the world population are chronically undernourished, of which 200 million are children. Millions more suffer from contaminated food and water, micronutrient deficiencies, and blindness due to lack of vitamin A. Agricultural production in 88 countries is deficient. These countries cannot produce enough food to feed their populations an adequate diet and cannot afford to import needed food. These countries include China, India, and most of sub-Saharan Africa. World grain stocks have dropped to low levels, export prices for cereals have risen, and the world fish harvest has leveled off. Over the next 50 years the world must raise food for about 4 billion more people with a limited supply of land and uneven water resources. African countries must increase food production by 300%, Latin America by 80%, Asia by 69%, and North America by 30%. The former strategy of increasing yields with fertilizers is no longer effective and there is no other alternative. In developing countries women are the main producers of food for the family. Future policies must recognize women's role in food production. Poverty would decrease and food supplies increase if poor women were given access to credit and technical advice, education and health care, and a place in the center of the world agenda for increasing food productivity. The global food system is inequitably concentrated among few, and the food trade is increasingly controlled by multinationals. Overconsumption is as serious a problem as overpopulation.

Carbon dioxide emission rate of Kīlauea Volcano: Implications for primary magma and the summit reservoir

USGS Publications Warehouse

Gerlach, T.M.; McGee, K.A.; Elias, T.; Sutton, A.J.; Doukas, M.P.

2002-01-01

 We report a CO2 emission rate of 8500 metric tons per day (t d−1) for the summit of Kīlauea Volcano, several times larger than previous estimates. It is based on three sets of measurements over 4 years of synchronous SO2 emission rates and volcanic CO2/SO2concentration ratios for the summit correlation spectrometer (COSPEC) traverse. Volcanic CO2/SO2 for the traverse is representative of the global ratio for summit emissions. The summit CO2 emission rate is nearly constant, despite large temporal variations in summit CO2/SO2 and SO2 emission rates. Summit CO2 emissions comprise most of Kīlauea's total CO2 output (∼9000 t d−1). The bulk CO2 content of primary magma determined from CO2emission and magma supply rate data is ∼0.70 wt %. Most of the CO2 is present as exsolved vapor at summit reservoir depths, making the primary magma strongly buoyant. Turbulent mixing with resident reservoir magma, however, prevents frequent eruptions of buoyant primary magma in the summit region. CO2 emissions confirm that the magma supply enters the edifice through the summit reservoir. A persistent several hundred parts per million CO2 anomaly arises from the entry of magma into the summit reservoir beneath a square kilometer area east of Halemaumau pit crater. Since most of the CO2 in primary magma is degassed in the summit, the summit CO2 emission rate is an effective proxy for the magma supply rate. Both scrubbing of SO2 and solubility controls on CO2and S in basaltic melt cause high CO2/SO2 in summit emissions and spatially uncorrelated distributions of CO2 and SO2 in the summit plume.

77 FR 68117 - Blue Summit Wind, LLC; Notice of Petition for Declaratory Order

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-15

... Wind, LLC; Notice of Petition for Declaratory Order Take notice that on November 6, 2012, pursuant to... Procedure 18 CFR 385.207(a)(2), Blue Summit Wind, LLC (Blue Summit) filed a petition for declaratory order... from the Blue Summit's wind energy generator (Blue Summit Facility) located within the Southwest Power...

Water for Two Worlds: Designing Terrestrial Applications for Exploration-class Sanitation Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Adams, Constance; Andersson, Ingvar; Feighery, John

2004-01-01

At the United Nations Millennium Summit in September of 2000, the world leaders agreed on an ambitious agenda for reducing poverty and improving lives: the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) , a list of issues they consider highly pernicious, threatening to human welfare and, thereby, to global security and prosperity. Among the eight goals are included fundamental human needs such as the eradication of extreme poverty and hunger, the promotion of gender equality, the reduction of child mortality and improvement of maternal health, and ensuring the sustainability of our shared environment. In order to help focus the efforts to meet these goals, the United Nations (UN) has established a set of eighteen concrete targets, each with an associated schedule. Among these is Target 10: "By 2015, reduce by half the proportion of people without access to safe drinking water." A closely related target of equal dignity was agreed at the World Summit on Sustainable Development (Johannesburg, September 2002): "By 2015, reduce by half the proportion of people without access to basic sanitation".

Geology of Kilauea volcano

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Moore, R.B.; Trusdell, F.A.

1993-08-01

This paper summarizes studies of the structure, stratigraphy, petrology, drill holes, eruption frequency, and volcanic and seismic hazards of Kilauea volcano. All the volcano is discussed, but the focus is on its lower east rift zone (LERZ) because active exploration for geothermal energy is concentrated in that area. Kilauea probably has several separate hydrothermal-convection systems that develop in response to the dynamic behavior of the volcano and the influx of abundant meteoric water. Important features of some of these hydrothermal-convection systems are known through studies of surface geology and drill holes. Observations of eruptions during the past two centuries, detailedmore » geologic mapping, radiocarbon dating, and paleomagnetic secular-variation studies indicate that Kilauea has erupted frequently from its summit and two radial rift zones during Quaternary time. Petrologic studies have established that Kilauea erupts only tholeiitic basalt. Extensive ash deposits at Kilauea's summit and on its LERZ record locally violent, but temporary, disruptions of local hydrothermal-convection systems during the interaction of water or steam with magma. Recent drill holes on the LERZ provide data on the temperatures of the hydrothermal-convection systems, intensity of dike intrusion, porosity and permeability, and an increasing amount of hydrothermal alteration with depth. The prehistoric and historic record of volcanic and seismic activity indicates that magma will continue to be supplied to deep and shallow reservoirs beneath Kilauea's summit and rift zones and that the volcano will be affected by eruptions and earthquakes for many thousands of years. 71 refs., 2 figs.« less

Geology of kilauea volcano

USGS Publications Warehouse

Moore, R.B.; Trusdell, F.A.

1993-01-01

This paper summarizes studies of the structure, stratigraphy, petrology, drill holes, eruption frequency, and volcanic and seismic hazards of Kilauea volcano. All the volcano is discussed, but the focus is on its lower cast rift zone (LERZ) because active exploration for geothermal energy is concentrated in that area. Kilauea probably has several separate hydrothermal-convection systems that develop in response to the dynamic behavior of the volcano and the influx of abundant meteoric water. Important features of some of these hydrothermal-convection systems are known through studies of surface geology and drill holes. Observations of eruptions during the past two centuries, detailed geologic mapping, radiocarbon dating, and paleomagnetic secular-variation studies indicate that Kilauea has erupted frequently from its summit and two radial rift zones during Quaternary time. Petrologic studies have established that Kilauea erupts only tholeiitic basalt. Extensive ash deposits at Kilauea's summit and on its LERZ record locally violent, but temporary, disruptions of local hydrothermal-convection systems during the interaction of water or steam with magma. Recent drill holes on the LERZ provide data on the temperatures of the hydrothermal-convection systems, intensity of dike intrusion, porosity and permeability, and an increasing amount of hydrothermal alteration with depth. The prehistoric and historic record of volcanic and seismic activity indicates that magma will continue to be supplied to deep and shallow reservoirs beneath Kilauea's summit and rift zones and that the volcano will be affected by eruptions and earthquakes for many thousands of years. ?? 1993.

Mitigation of Atmospheric Errors in Differential InSAR Data Using a High-Resolution Weather Model, Mauna Loa and Kilauea volcanoes, Hawaii

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brooks, B. A.; Foster, J.; Cherubini, T.; Businger, S.; Miklius, A.; Mouginis-Mark, P.

2004-12-01

We investigate the utility of a mesoscale weather model for mitigating atmospheric errors in InSAR-derived displacement fields associated with volcanotectonic phenomena at Mauna Loa and Kilauea volcanoes on the Island of Hawaii. The MM5 (NCAR-Penn State Mesoscale Model Version 5) forecast is run twice daily for the island of Hawaii by the Mauna Kea Weather Center in support of Mauna Kea's astronomical observatories. MM5 has a 60-hour forecast window and the forecast fields are output in 3-hour increments. A high-resolution analysis that incorporates weather observations from National Weather Service and satellite-derived winds from the University of Wisconsin, provides the initial conditions for MM5. In turn, MM5 produces predictions of thermodynamic properties of the atmosphere, including temperature, pressure, and moisture fields at a 3 km horizontal resolution. The vertical resolution is density weighted with the greatest vertical resolution (10s of meters) near the surface. For any radar image acquisition there is a high-resolution 3D simulation of atmospheric water vapor valid within 1.5 hours of the acquisition time and predicted forward no more than 12 hours from the initial observations. Using MM5 forecast water vapor, we create line-of-sight delay maps that can be either directly removed from InSAR differential pairs or used to create synthetic radar interferograms that can be compared with the observed interferogram. We analyze Envisat ASAR radar data collected during 2003-2004 and find, qualitatively, that contours of excess path delay in MM5 model runs often closely mimic both topographic contours and fringes observed in differential interferograms which have had topographic phase removed. Over periods of days, the delays can vary in magnitude and spatial scale by 10s of mms and 10s of kms, respectively. Individual models can predict peak delays associated with moist layer inversions of order ~20 mm around the summits of Mauna Loa and Kilauea, both active volcanoes. Similar delays are also associated with the inactive Mauna Kea summit. These results are particularly pertinent for using InSAR to track accurately the history of summit-related magmatic phenomena between scene acquisitions. The path delays would introduce a significant atmosphere-related bias if included in a deformation analysis. To validate the technique, we compare total delays and precipitable water data from more than 20 continuous GPS (CGPS) sites with those estimated by the MM5 model. We investigate the technique's efficacy by inverting InSAR-derived line-of-sight displacement fields for the time-varying characteristics of a shallow magma chamber below Mauna Loa's summit caldera. Finally, we compare these results with independent inversion of summit CGPS data.

Revisiting Primary Care's Critical Role in Achieving Health Equity: Pisacano Scholars' Reflections from Starfield Summit II.

PubMed

Park, Brian; Coutinho, Anastasia J; Doohan, Noemi; Jimenez, Jonathan; Martin, Sara; Romano, Max; Wohler, Diana; DeVoe, Jennifer

2018-01-01

The second Starfield Summit was held in Portland, Oregon, in April 2017. The Summit addressed the role of primary care in advancing health equity by focusing on 4 key domains: social determinants of health in primary care, vulnerable populations, economics and policy, and social accountability. Invited participants represented an interdisciplinary group of primary care clinicians, researchers, educators, policymakers, community leaders, and trainees. The Pisacano Leadership Foundation was one of the Summit sponsors and held its annual leadership symposium in conjunction with the Summit, enabling several Pisacano Scholars to attend the Summit. After the Summit, a small group of current and former Pisacano Scholars formed a writing group to highlight key themes and implications for action discussed at the Summit. The Summit resonated as a call to action for primary care to move beyond identifying existing health inequities and toward the development of interventions that advance health equity, through education, research, and enhanced community partnerships. In doing so, the Summit aimed to build on the foundational work of Dr. Starfield, challenging us to explore the significant role of primary care in truly achieving health equity. © Copyright 2018 by the American Board of Family Medicine.

Stream profile analysis using a step backwater model for selected reaches in the Chippewa Creek basin in Medina, Wayne, and Summit Counties, Ohio

USGS Publications Warehouse

Straub, David E.; Ebner, Andrew D.

2011-01-01

The USGS, in cooperation with the Chippewa Subdistrict of the Muskingum Watershed Conservancy District, performed hydrologic and hydraulic analyses for selected reaches of three streams in Medina, Wayne, Stark, and Summit Counties in northeast Ohio: Chippewa Creek, Little Chippewa Creek, and River Styx. This study was done to facilitate assessment of various alternatives for mitigating flood hazards in the Chippewa Creek basin. StreamStats regional regression equations were used to estimate instantaneous peak discharges approximately corresponding to bankfull flows. Explanatory variables used in the regression equations were drainage area, main-channel slope, and storage area. Hydraulic models were developed to determine water-surface profiles along the three stream reaches studied for the bankfull discharges established in the hydrologic analyses. The HEC-RAS step-backwater hydraulic analysis model was used to determine water-surface profiles for the three streams. Starting water-surface elevations for all streams were established using normal depth computations in the HEC-RAS models. Cross-sectional elevation data, hydraulic-structure geometries, and roughness coefficients were collected in the field and (along with peak-discharge estimates) used as input for the models. Reach-averaged reductions in water-surface elevations ranged from 0.11 to 1.29 feet over the four roughness coefficient reduction scenarios.

Transport of Fine Ash Through the Water Column at Erupting Volcanoes - Monowai Cone, Kermadec-Tonga Arc

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Walker, S. L.; Baker, E. T.; Leybourne, M. I.; de Ronde, C. E.; Greene, R.; Faure, K.; Chadwick, W.; Dziak, R. P.; Lupton, J. E.; Lebon, G.

2010-12-01

Monowai cone is a large, active, basaltic stratovolcano, part of the submarine Monowai volcanic center (MVC) located at ~26°S on the Kermadec-Tonga arc. At other actively erupting submarine volcanoes, magma extrusions and hydrothermal vents have been located only near the summit of the edifice, generating plumes enriched with hydrothermal components and magmatic gasses that disperse into the ocean environment at, or shallower than, the summit depth. Plumes found deeper than summit depths are dominated by fresh volcaniclastic ash particles, devoid of hydrothermal tracers, emplaced episodically by down-slope gravity flows, and transport fine ash to 10’s of km from the active eruptions. A water column survey of the MVC in 2004 mapped intensely hydrothermal-magmatic plumes over the shallow (~130 m) summit of Monowai cone and widespread plumes around its flanks. Due to the more complex multiple parasitic cone and caldera structure of MVC, we analyzed the dissolved and particulate components of the flank plumes for evidence of additional sources. Although hydrothermal plumes exist within the adjacent caldera, none of the parasitic cones on Monowai cone or elsewhere within the MVC were hydrothermally or volcanically active. The combination of an intensely enriched summit plume, sulfur particles and bubbles at the sea surface, and ash-dominated flank plumes indicate Monowai cone was actively erupting at the time of the 2004 survey. Monowai cone is thus the fourth erupting submarine volcano we have encountered, and all have had deep ash plumes distributed around their flanks [the others are: Kavachi (Solomon Island arc), NW Rota-1 (Mariana arc) and W Mata (NE Lau basin)]. These deep ash plumes are a syneruptive phenomenon, but it is unknown how they are related to eruptive style and output, or to the cycles of construction and collapse that occur on the slopes of submarine volcanoes. Repeat multibeam bathymetric surveys have documented two large-scale sector collapse events at Monowai and one at NW Rota-1, as well as constructional deposits extending down the flanks of these volcanoes. Acoustic records at Monowai and NW Rota-1 suggest sector collapse events are infrequent while eruptions, and the resulting supply of depositional material, have been nearly continuous. The sector collapse events occurred at times remote from our plume surveys, so, large landslide events are not a prerequisite for the presence of deep ash plumes. Despite a wide range of summit depths (<10 m at Kavachi to 1500 m at W Mata), lava types (basaltic-andesite, boninite, and basalt), and eruptive styles (Surtseyan, Strombolian, and effusive flows with active pillow formation), the deep particle plumes at each of these volcanoes are remarkably similar in their widespread distribution (to 10’s of km from the summit and at multiple depths down the flanks) and composition (dominantly fresh volcanic ash). Moderate eruption rates, lava-seawater interaction and steep slopes below an eruptive vent may be sufficient to initiate the transport of fine ash into the ocean environment and distal sediments via these types of plumes.

Ambient air quality effects of the 2008-2009 Halema`uma`u eruption on the Island of Hawai`i

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Elias, T.; Sutton, A. J.; Kauahikaua, J. P.; Ray, J. D.; Babb, J. L.

2009-12-01

While the Halema`uma`u eruption has enlivened volcanologists with the rare opportunity to observe eruptive processes at Kilauea’s summit, it has also caused significant environmental impact on the Island of Hawai`i. Since the beginning of 2008, the combined SO2 emissions from the east rift zone (ERZ) and summit of Kilauea have increased by ~40% as compared to the 2003-2007 long-term average. However, emissions from Kilauea’s summit have increased ~6-fold, averaging 850 t/d during January 2008-August 2009. Although average emissions from the ERZ during this period have been 1-2 times that of the summit, the relative impact of summit emissions is disproportionately large due to the location of the vent and the plume dispersal pattern to downwind communities. Ambient air quality data show that federal standards have been exceeded frequently in various communities on the south half of the island. Between April 2008 and August 2009, primary health standards for SO2 and PM2.5 were exceeded on 41 and 19 occasions respectively in Pahala, located ~30 km downwind of the Kilauea summit under prevailing trade wind conditions. Pahala, which exceeded the SO2 annual standard for 2008, had not exceeded standards prior to the opening of the Halema`uma`u vent in March 2008. In July 2008, the U.S. Secretary of Agriculture designated Hawai`i County a primary natural disaster area due to agricultural losses from volcanic emissions. Many growers of exotic flower crops in the Ka`u district suffered irrecoverable losses. Coffee and macadamia nut farmers also reported damage to their fields. While some livestock farmers reported eye irritation in cattle, more significant damage was observed in the accelerated deterioration of galvanized fencing, gates, pipelines and other infrastructure. The increase in volcanic pollution has spurred health concerns. A rise in respiratory emergencies for visitors to Kilauea caldera in early 2008 led Hawai`i Volcanoes National Park to close areas downwind of the vent. Two recent health studies on the Island of Hawaii conducted prior to the 2008-2009 activity noted increased upper respiratory symptom prevalence in areas of persistent volcanic pollution. The current activity and exposure provides further opportunity to examine thresholds of human response. Local emergency response agencies were pressured to act quickly to address the air quality hazards. A variety of initial approaches led to an official policy of “shelter-in-place” during extreme air quality events. To date, interagency mitigation efforts have included providing Web-available near-real-time SO2 and PM data, developing an SO2 alert index, public education, supplying community fire stations and schools with SO2 monitoring equipment, surveying water quality in home-based drinking water catchment tanks, exploring forecast models, and working to install air handling systems for affected hospitals. While volcanic pollution has been an ongoing issue on the Island since the ERZ eruption became continuous in 1986, the current summit eruption has posed new challenges to Hawai`i residents, who must adapt to living with an active volcano.

Proceedings of the 2013 CINP summit: innovative partnerships to accelerate CNS drug discovery for improved patient care.

PubMed

Phillips, Anthony George; Hongaard-Andersen, Peter; Moscicki, Richard A; Sahakian, Barbara; Quirion, Rémi; Krishnan, K Ranga Rama; Race, Tim

2014-12-25

Central nervous system (CNS) diseases and, in particular, mental health disorders, are becoming recognized as the health challenge of the 21(st) century. Currently, at least 10% of the global population is affected by a mental health disorder, a figure that is set to increase year on year. Meanwhile, the rate of development of new CNS drugs has not increased for many years, despite unprecedented levels of investment. In response to this state of affairs, the Collegium Internationale Neuro-Psychopharmacologicum (CINP) convened a summit to discuss ways to reverse this disturbing trend through new partnerships to accelerate CNS drug discovery. The objectives of the Summit were to explore the issues affecting the value chain (i.e. the chain of activities or stakeholders that a company engages in/with to deliver a product to market) in brain research, thereby gaining insights from key stakeholders and developing actions to address unmet needs; to identify achievable objectives to address the issues; to develop action plans to bring about measurable improvements across the value chain and accelerate CNS drug discovery; and finally, to communicate recommendations to governments, the research and development community, and other relevant stakeholders. Summit outputs include the following action plans, aligned to the pressure points within the brain research-drug development value chain: Code of conduct dealing with conflict of interest issues, Prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment, Linking science and regulation, Patient involvement in trial design, definition of endpoints, etc., Novel trial design, Reproduction and confirmation of data, Update of intellectual property (IP) laws to facilitate repurposing and combination therapy (low priority), Large-scale, global patient registries, Editorials on nomenclature, biomarkers, and diagnostic tools, and Public awareness, with brain disease advocates to attend G8 meetings and World Economic Forum (WEF) Annual meetings in Davos, Switzerland. In this context Professor Barbara Sahakian recently made a formal presentation at the World Economic Forum (see Barbara Sahakian Blog from April 11, 2014, at https://forumblog.org/people/barbara-sahakian/) Full details of the discussions that formed the bases for these actions are presented in the main body of this document. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of CINP.

47. Spring 1935 Harold J. Cook, photographer "Summit Road construction. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

47. Spring 1935 Harold J. Cook, photographer "Summit Road construction. Early stage of road tunnel construction, while tunnel was being driven on Summit Road, Scotts Bluff National Monument." - Scotts Bluff Summit Road, Gering, Scotts Bluff County, NE

Water for Two Worlds: Designing Terrestrial Applications for Exploration-class Sanitation Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Adams, Constance; Andersson, Ingvar; Feighery, John

2004-01-01

At the United Nations Millennium Summit in September of 2000, the world leaders agreed on an ambitious agenda for reducing poverty and improving lives: the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), a list of issues they consider highly pernicious, threatening to human welfare and, thereby, to global security and prosperity. Among the eight goals are included fundamental human needs such as the eradication of extreme poverty and hunger, the promotion of gender equality, the reduction of child mortality and improvement of maternal health, and ensuring the sustainability of our shared environment. In order to help focus the efforts to meet these goals, the United Nations (UN) has established a set of eighteen concrete targets, each with an associated schedule. Among these is Target 10: "By 2015, reduce by half the proportion of people without access to safe drinking water." A closely related target of equal dignity was agreed at the World Summit on Sustainable Development (Johannesburg, September 2002): "By 2015, reduce by half the proportion of people without access to basic sanitation." One of the greatest successes in the development of Exploration-class technologies for closed-loop, sustainable support of long-duration human space missions has been the work both ESA and NASA have done in bioregenerative water reclamation (WRS), and secondarily, in solid-waste management. Solid-waste and WRS systems tend to be combined in the commercial world into the field of sanitation, although as we will see, the most essential principles of sustainable terrestrial sanitation actually insist upon the separation of solid and liquid excreta. Seeing the potential synergy between the space program ALS technologies developed for Mars and the urgent needs of hundreds of millions of people for secure access to clean water here on Earth, we set out to organize the adaptation of these technologies to help the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) meet Target 10. In this paper, we will summarize the issues and results of the first "Water for Two Worlds" summit held in January of this year, describe,the status of the sustainable sanitation systems that are on the table for adaptation to widespread terrestrial use, and present fundamental strategies for forward work.

Common challenge, collaborative response: a roadmap for US-China cooperation on energy and climate change

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

2009-01-15

This Report which was produced in partnership between Asia Society's Center on U.S.-China Relations and Pew Center on Global Climate Change, in collaboration with The Brookings Institution, Council on Foreign Relations, National Committee on U.S.-China Relations, and Environmental Defense Fund presents both a vision and a concrete Roadmap for such Sino-U.S. collaboration. With input from scores of experts and other stakeholders from the worlds of science, business, civil society, policy, and politics in both China and the United States, the Report, or 'Roadmap', explores the climate and energy challenges facing both nations and recommends a concrete program for sustained, high-level,more » bilateral engagement and on-the-ground action. The Report recommends that, as a first step in forging this new partnership, the leaders of the two countries should convene a leaders summit as soon as practically possible following the inauguration of Barack Obama to launch a 'U.S.-China Partnership on Energy and Climate Change'. This presidential summit should outline a major plan of joint-action and empower relevant officials in each country to take the necessary actions to ensure its implementation. Priority areas of collaboration include: deploying low-emissions coal technologies; improving energy efficiency and conservation; developing an advanced electric grid; promoting renewable energy; and quantifying emissions and financing low-carbon technologies. 5 figs., 1 tab., 2 apps.« less

Supporting Implementation of the Next Generation Science Standards: A Needs Assessment Outline

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sullivan, S. M.; Robeck, E.; Awad, A. A.

2015-12-01

The Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) explicitly treat Earth and Space Science (ESS) content with the same level of priority as Physical Science, Life Science, and Engineering & Technology. Therefore, the geoscience community has a vested interest in the use of NGSS as it is being implemented in K-12 classrooms. Individuals and groups from all facets of the geosciences can take action to support the implementation of the NGSS. That action will be most effective if it is guided by a thorough understanding of the needs of teachers and other stakeholders who have a role to play in NGSS implementation. This session will describe qualitative and quantitative needs assessment data that was gathered in advance of the Summit Meeting on the Implementation of the NGSS at the State Level, which was jointly organized in April 2015 by the American Geosciences Institute (AGI) and the National Association of Geoscience Teachers (NAGT). The data to be discussed are from interviews and quantitative survey data, as well as data based on responses by the 50+ Summit attendees who represented a variety of perspectives in geoscience education. Particular attention will be given to areas where responses suggested points of tension, such as the fact that many survey respondents feel that they understand dimensions of the NGSS that their colleagues do not understand as well, making for a potentially difficult context in which to work to implement the NGSS. Actions suggested by the Summit attendees that are related to the different need areas will also be described, with the intent being to open discussion among session participants about additional actions that they can take individually and/or collectively. The overarching goal of this presentation will be to work in coordination with the other presentations in the session to expand the network of member of the geoscience community who are informed and committed to supporting NGSS implementation.

40 CFR 35.915 - State priority system and project priorty list.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... OTHER FEDERAL ASSISTANCE STATE AND LOCAL ASSISTANCE Grants for Construction of Treatment Works-Clean Water Act § 35.915 State priority system and project priorty list. Construction grants will be awarded... State priority system and list must be designed to achieve optimum water quality management consistent...

40 CFR 35.915 - State priority system and project priorty list.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... OTHER FEDERAL ASSISTANCE STATE AND LOCAL ASSISTANCE Grants for Construction of Treatment Works-Clean Water Act § 35.915 State priority system and project priorty list. Construction grants will be awarded... State priority system and list must be designed to achieve optimum water quality management consistent...

40 CFR 35.915 - State priority system and project priorty list.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... OTHER FEDERAL ASSISTANCE STATE AND LOCAL ASSISTANCE Grants for Construction of Treatment Works-Clean Water Act § 35.915 State priority system and project priorty list. Construction grants will be awarded... State priority system and list must be designed to achieve optimum water quality management consistent...

40 CFR 35.915 - State priority system and project priorty list.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... OTHER FEDERAL ASSISTANCE STATE AND LOCAL ASSISTANCE Grants for Construction of Treatment Works-Clean Water Act § 35.915 State priority system and project priorty list. Construction grants will be awarded... State priority system and list must be designed to achieve optimum water quality management consistent...

Can summits lead to curricula change? An evaluation of emergency preparedness summits for schools of nursing in Georgia.

PubMed

Buyum, Arielle; Dubruiel, Nicole; Torghele, Karen; Alperin, Melissa; Miner, Kathleen R

2009-05-01

The Emory University Center for Public Health Preparedness held two summits for nurses that were evaluated by survey. Participants cited multiple deficiencies and challenges with integrating emergency preparedness into nursing curricula. The summits and the related materials were reported as highly useful by survey respondents. More than three fourths of respondents reported incorporating emergency preparedness education into their curricula after summit attendance. Nursing professionals could use summits to encourage active practitioners to pursue continuing education and to initiate efforts to incorporate emergency preparedness and related health care issues into the curricula of schools of nursing.

Elder abuse awareness and action: the role of state summits.

PubMed

Anetzberger, Georgia J; Balaswamy, Shantha

2010-01-01

Increasingly, states are convening summits to identify appropriate local responses to elder abuse. This first-ever nationwide research on state-level elder abuse summits examines what leads to their formation, what they accomplish, and what factors contribute to their success. Study results suggest that two-fifths of the states have held summits, four-fifths of which have been since 2000. Typically the summits were convened by the state department of human services or aging, involved 25-50 participants, and lasted less than 2 years. Nearly 50% of study respondents felt that summit goals had been met, and 60% stated that recommendations were implemented, usually because of committed participants, involvement of the right people, or strong advocacy. State summits can be effective means for galvanizing collective action to address elder abuse as a complex social problem.

Investigating Mars: Arsia Mons

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-12-27

This VIS image shows part of the eastern margin of the summit caldera of Arsia Mons. The arcuate features are the faults created by collapse of summit materials. A massive eruption can empty the large magma chamber which existed within the volcano, creating a void which can not support the weight of the top of the volcano. Arsia Mons is the southernmost of the Tharsis volcanoes. It is 270 miles (450km) in diameter, almost 12 miles (20km) high, and the summit caldera is 72 miles (120km) wide. For comparison, the largest volcano on Earth is Mauna Loa. From its base on the sea floor, Mauna Loa measures only 6.3 miles high and 75 miles in diameter. A large volcanic crater known as a caldera is located at the summit of all of the Tharsis volcanoes. These calderas are produced by massive volcanic explosions and collapse. The Arsia Mons summit caldera is larger than many volcanoes on Earth. The Odyssey spacecraft has spent over 15 years in orbit around Mars, circling the planet more than 69000 times. It holds the record for longest working spacecraft at Mars. THEMIS, the IR/VIS camera system, has collected data for the entire mission and provides images covering all seasons and lighting conditions. Over the years many features of interest have received repeated imaging, building up a suite of images covering the entire feature. From the deepest chasma to the tallest volcano, individual dunes inside craters and dune fields that encircle the north pole, channels carved by water and lava, and a variety of other feature, THEMIS has imaged them all. For the next several months the image of the day will focus on the Tharsis volcanoes, the various chasmata of Valles Marineris, and the major dunes fields. We hope you enjoy these images! Orbit Number: 12487 Latitude: -9.44031 Longitude: 240.527 Instrument: VIS Captured: 2004-10-07 11:58 https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA22152

Cycles of explosive and effusive eruptions at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i

USGS Publications Warehouse

Swanson, Don; Rose, Timothy R.; Mucek, Adonara E; Garcia, Michael O.; Fiske, Richard S.; Mastin, Larry G.

2014-01-01

The subaerial eruptive activity at Kīlauea Volcano (Hawai‘i) for the past 2500 yr can be divided into 3 dominantly effusive and 2 dominantly explosive periods, each lasting several centuries. The prevailing style of eruption for 60% of this time was explosive, manifested by repeated phreatic and phreatomagmatic activity in a deep summit caldera. During dominantly explosive periods, the magma supply rate to the shallow storage volume beneath the summit dropped to only a few percent of that during mainly effusive periods. The frequency and duration of explosive activity are contrary to the popular impression that Kīlauea is almost unceasingly effusive. Explosive activity apparently correlates with the presence of a caldera intersecting the water table. The decrease in magma supply rate may result in caldera collapse, because erupted or intruded magma is not replaced. Glasses with unusually high MgO, TiO2, and K2O compositions occur only in explosive tephra (and one related lava flow) and are consistent with disruption of the shallow reservoir complex during caldera formation. Kīlauea is a complex, modulated system in which melting rate, supply rate, conduit stability (in both mantle and crust), reservoir geometry, water table, and many other factors interact with one another. The hazards associated with explosive activity at Kīlauea’s summit would have major impact on local society if a future dominantly explosive period were to last several centuries. The association of lowered magma supply, caldera formation, and explosive activity might characterize other basaltic volcanoes, but has not been recognized.

Microwave signatures of ice hydrometeors from ground-based observations above Summit, Greenland

DOE PAGES

Pettersen, Claire; Bennartz, Ralf; Kulie, Mark S.; ...

2016-04-15

Multi-instrument, ground-based measurements provide unique and comprehensive data sets of the atmosphere for a specific location over long periods of time and resulting data compliment past and existing global satellite observations. Our paper explores the effect of ice hydrometeors on ground-based, high-frequency passive microwave measurements and attempts to isolate an ice signature for summer seasons at Summit, Greenland, from 2010 to 2013. Furthermore, data from a combination of passive microwave, cloud radar, radiosonde, and ceilometer were examined to isolate the ice signature at microwave wavelengths. By limiting the study to a cloud liquid water path of 40 g m -2more » or less, the cloud radar can identify cases where the precipitation was dominated by ice. These cases were examined using liquid water and gas microwave absorption models, and brightness temperatures were calculated for the high-frequency microwave channels: 90, 150, and 225GHz. By comparing the measured brightness temperatures from the microwave radiometers and the calculated brightness temperature using only gas and liquid contributions, any residual brightness temperature difference is due to emission and scattering of microwave radiation from the ice hydrometeors in the column. The ice signature in the 90, 150, and 225 GHz channels for the Summit Station summer months was isolated. Then, this measured ice signature was compared to an equivalent brightness temperature difference calculated with a radiative transfer model including microwave single-scattering properties for several ice habits. Furthermore, initial model results compare well against the 4 years of summer season isolated ice signature in the high-frequency microwave channels.« less

Irrigation, risk aversion, and water right priority under water supply uncertainty

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Man; Xu, Wenchao; Rosegrant, Mark W.

2017-09-01

This paper explores the impacts of a water right's allocative priority—as an indicator of farmers' risk-bearing ability—on land irrigation under water supply uncertainty. We develop and use an economic model to simulate farmers' land irrigation decision and associated economic returns in eastern Idaho. Results indicate that the optimal acreage of land irrigated increases with water right priority when hydroclimate risk exhibits a negatively skewed or right-truncated distribution. Simulation results suggest that prior appropriation enables senior water rights holders to allocate a higher proportion of their land to irrigation, 6 times as much as junior rights holders do, creating a gap in the annual expected net revenue reaching up to 141.4 acre-1 or 55,800 per farm between the two groups. The optimal irrigated acreage, expected net revenue, and shadow value of a water right's priority are subject to substantial changes under a changing climate in the future, where temporal variation in water supply risks significantly affects the profitability of agricultural land use under the priority-based water sharing mechanism.

Assessment and monitoring of recreation impacts and resource conditions on mountain summits: examples from the Northern Forest, USA

USGS Publications Warehouse

Monz, Christopher A.; Marion, Jeffrey L.; Goonan, Kelly A.; Manning, Robert E.; Wimpey, Jeremy; Carr, Christopher

2010-01-01

Mountain summits present a unique challenge to manage sustainably: they are ecologically important and, in many circumstances, under high demand for recreation and tourism activities. This article presents recent advances in the assessment of resource conditions and visitor disturbance in mountain summit environments, by drawing on examples from a multiyear, interdisciplinary study of summits in the northeastern United States. Primary impact issues as a consequence of visitor use, such as informal trail formation, vegetation disturbance, and soil loss, were addressed via the adaption of protocols from recreation ecology studies to summit environments. In addition, new methodologies were developed that provide measurement sensitivity to change previously unavailable through standard recreation monitoring protocols. Although currently limited in application to the northeastern US summit environments, the methods presented show promise for widespread application wherever summits are in demand for visitor activities.

Learning Optimized: A Conversation with Diane Tavenner

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jacobs, Joanne

2013-01-01

Named Charter Leader of the Year in 2010 by the California Charter Schools Association, Diane Tavenner, CEO of Summit Public Schools, is responsible for the generation of multiple transformative schools and a radically different teaching model for Summit. Summit's first charter high school, Summit Prep, launched in 2003, was featured in the film…

Clean Water Act (CWA) Action Plan Implementation Priorities: Changes to Improve Water Quality, Increase Compliance and Expand Transparency

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The Clean Water Act (CWA) Action Plan Implementation Priorities describes the new approaches to revamp the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permitting, compliance and enforcement program.Issued May 11, 2011

Primative components, crustal assimilation, and magmatic degassing of the 2008 Kilauea summit eruption

USGS Publications Warehouse

Rowe, Michael C.; Thornber, Carl R.; Orr, Tim R.

2015-01-01

Simultaneous summit and rift zone eruptions at Kīlauea starting in 2008 reflect a shallow eruptive plumbing system inundated by a bourgeoning supply of new magma from depth. Olivine-hosted melt inclusions, host glass, and bulk lava compositions of magma erupted at both the summit and east rift zone demonstrate chemical continuity at both ends of a well-worn summit-to-rift pipeline. Analysis of glass within dense-cored lapilli erupted from the summit in March – August 2008 show these are not samplings of compositionally distinct magmas stored in the shallow summit magma reservoir, but instead result from remelting and assimilation of fragments from conduit wall and vent blocks. Summit pyroclasts show the predominant and most primitive component erupted to be a homogenous, relatively trace-element-depleted melt that is a compositionally indistinguishable from east rift lava. Based on a “top-down” model for the geochemical variation in east rift zone lava over the past 30 years, we suggest that the apparent absence of a 1982 enriched component in melt inclusions, as well as the proposed summit-rift zone connectivity based on sulfur and mineral chemistry, indicate that the last of the pre-1983 magma has been flushed out of the summit reservoir during the surge of mantle-derived magma from 2003-2007.

The Meta-Leadership Summit for Preparedness Initiative: An Innovative Model to Advance Public Health Preparedness and Response

PubMed Central

Sobelson, Robyn K.; Young, Andrea C.; Marcus, Leonard J.; Dorn, Barry C.; Neslund, Verla S.; McNulty, Eric J.

2017-01-01

This article reports on the design, evaluation framework, and results from the Meta-Leadership Summit for Preparedness Initiative. The Meta-Leadership Summit for Preparedness was a 5-year initiative based on the premise that national preparedness and emergency response is not solely the responsibility of government. From 2006 to 2011, 36 Meta-Leadership Summits were delivered in communities across the country. Summits were customized, 10-hour leadership development, networking, and community action planning events. They included participation from targeted federal, state, local, nonprofit/philanthropic, and private sector leaders who are directly involved in decision making during a major community or state-wide emergency. A total of 4,971 government, nonprofit, and business leaders attended Meta-Leadership Summits; distribution of attendees by sector was balanced. Ninety-three percent of respondents reported the summit was a valuable use of time, 91% reported the overall quality as “good” or “outstanding,” and 91% would recommend the summit to their colleagues. In addition, approximately 6 months after attending a summit, 80% of respondents reported that they had used meta-leadership concepts or principles. Of these, 93% reported that using meta-leadership concepts or principles had made a positive difference for them and their organizations. The Meta-Leadership Summit for Preparedness Initiative was a value-added opportunity for communities, providing the venue for learning the concepts and practice of meta-leadership, multisector collaboration, and resource sharing with the intent of substantively improving preparedness, response, and recovery efforts. PMID:24251597

The meta-leadership summit for preparedness initiative: an innovative model to advance public health preparedness and response.

PubMed

Sobelson, Robyn K; Young, Andrea C; Marcus, Leonard J; Dorn, Barry C; Neslund, Verla S; McNulty, Eric J

2013-12-01

This article reports on the design, evaluation framework, and results from the Meta-Leadership Summit for Preparedness Initiative. The Meta-Leadership Summit for Preparedness was a 5-year initiative based on the premise that national preparedness and emergency response is not solely the responsibility of government. From 2006 to 2011, 36 Meta-Leadership Summits were delivered in communities across the country. Summits were customized, 10-hour leadership development, networking, and community action planning events. They included participation from targeted federal, state, local, nonprofit/philanthropic, and private sector leaders who are directly involved in decision making during a major community or state-wide emergency. A total of 4,971 government, nonprofit, and business leaders attended Meta-Leadership Summits; distribution of attendees by sector was balanced. Ninety-three percent of respondents reported the summit was a valuable use of time, 91% reported the overall quality as "good" or "outstanding," and 91% would recommend the summit to their colleagues. In addition, approximately 6 months after attending a summit, 80% of respondents reported that they had used meta-leadership concepts or principles. Of these, 93% reported that using meta-leadership concepts or principles had made a positive difference for them and their organizations. The Meta-Leadership Summit for Preparedness Initiative was a value-added opportunity for communities, providing the venue for learning the concepts and practice of meta-leadership, multisector collaboration, and resource sharing with the intent of substantively improving preparedness, response, and recovery efforts.

Circulation, Hydrography, and Transport over the Summit of Axial-the Destination Node of OOI's Cabled Array

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xu, G.; Lavelle, J. W.

2016-12-01

A numerical model of ocean flow and transport is used to extrapolate observations of currents and hydrography and infer patterns of material flux in the deep ocean around Axial Volcano--the destination node of the Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI)'s Cabled Array. Using an inverse method, the model is made to approximate measured deep ocean flow around this site during a 35-day time period in 2002. The model is then used to extract month-long mean patterns and examine smaller-scale spatial and temporal variability around Axial. Like prior observations, model month-long mean currents flow anti-cyclonically (clockwise) around the volcano's summit in toroidal form at speeds of up to 7 cm/s. The mean vertical circulation has a net effect of pumping water out of the caldera. Temperature and salinity iso-surfaces sweep upward and downward on opposite sides of the volcano with vertical excursions of up to 70 m. As a time mean, the temperature (salinity) anomaly takes the form of a cold (briny) dome above the summit. Passive tracer material released at the location of the ASHES vent field exits the caldera through its southern open end and over the western bounding wall driven by vertical flow. Once outside the caldera, the tracer circles the summit in clockwise fashion, while gradually bleeding southwestward into the ambient ocean. Another tracer release experiment using a source of 2-day duration inside and near the northern end of the caldera suggests a residence time of the fluid at that locale of 5-6 days.

Geophysical investigation of seamounts near the Ogasawara fracture zone, western Pacific

USGS Publications Warehouse

Lee, T.-G.; Lee, Kenneth; Hein, J.R.; Moon, J.-W.

2009-01-01

This paper provides an analysis of multi-channel seismic data obtained during 2000-2001 on seamounts near the Ogasawara Fracture Zone (OFZ) northwest of the Marshall Islands in the western Pacific. The OFZ is unique in that it is a wide rift zone that includes many seamounts. Seven units are delineated on the basis of acoustic characteristics and depth: three units (I, II, and III) on the summit of seamounts and four units (IV, V, VI, and VII) in basins. Acoustic characteristics of layers on the summit of guyots and dredged samples indicate that the seamounts had been built above sea level by volcanism. This was followed by reef growth along the summit margin, which enabled deposition of shallow-water carbonates on the summit, and finally by subsidence of the edifices. The subsidence depth of the seamounts, estimated from the lower boundary of unit II, ranges between 1,550 and 2,040 m. The thick unit I of the southern seamounts is correlated with proximity to the equatorial high productivity zone, whereas local currents may have strongly affected the distribution of unit I on northern seamounts. A seismic profile in the basin around the Ita Mai Tai and OSM4 seamounts shows an unconformity between units IV and V, which is widespread from the East Mariana Basin to the Pigafetta Basin. Copyright ?? The Society of Geomagnetism and Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences (SGEPSS); The Seismological Society of Japan; The Volcanological Society of Japan; The Geodetic Society of Japan; The Japanese Society for Planetary Sciences; TERRAPUB.

Water turnover and core temperature on Mount Rainier.

PubMed

Hailes, Walter S; Cuddy, John S; Slivka, Dustin S; Hansen, Kent; Ruby, Brent C

2012-09-01

Hydration is an important logistical consideration for persons performing in austere environments because water demands must be balanced with the burden of carrying water. Seven novice climbers participated in a study to determine the hydration kinetics and core temperatures associated with a successful summit of Mount Rainier. Ingestible radio-equipped thermometer capsules were swallowed to monitor core temperature, and an oral dose of deuterium (0.12 ± 0.02 g·kg⁻¹ body weight) was administered to determine hydration kinetics. Mean core temperature throughout the 5.5-hour climb to Camp Muir (3000 m) was 37.6 ± 0.3°C. Water turnover was 95.0 ± 17.5 mL·kg⁻¹·24 h⁻¹ over the duration of the 43-hour study. There was a trend for reduced body mass from before (75.9 ± 13.0 kg) to after (74.8 ± 12.5 kg) the climb (P = .06), and urine specific gravity increased from before (1.013 ± 0.002) to after (1.022 ± 0.006) the climb (P = .004). Hydration demands of climbing Mount Rainier are highly elevated despite modest fluctuations in core temperature. Participants experienced hypohydration but were able to maintain sufficient hydration to successfully summit Mount Rainier and return home safely. Copyright © 2012 Wilderness Medical Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Three-dimensional geophysical mapping of shallow water saturated altered rocks at Mount Baker, Washington: Implications for slope stability

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Finn, Carol A.; Deszcz-Pan, Maryla; Ball, Jessica L.; Bloss, Benjamin J.; Minsley, Burke J.

2018-05-01

Water-saturated hydrothermal alteration reduces the strength of volcanic edifices, increasing the potential for catastrophic sector collapses that can lead to far traveled and destructive debris flows. Intense hydrothermal alteration significantly lowers the resistivity and magnetization of volcanic rock and therefore hydrothermally altered rocks can be identified with helicopter electromagnetic and magnetic measurements. Geophysical models constrained by rock properties and geologic mapping show that intensely altered rock is restricted to two small (500 m diameter), >150 m thick regions around Sherman Crater and Dorr Fumarole Field at Mount Baker, Washington. This distribution of alteration contrasts with much thicker and widespread alteration encompassing the summits of Mounts Adams and Rainier prior to the 5600 year old Osceola collapse, which is most likely due to extreme erosion and the limited duration of summit magmatism at Mount Baker. In addition, the models suggest that the upper 300 m of rock contains water which could help to lubricate potential debris flows. Slope stability modeling incorporating the geophysically modeled distribution of alteration and water indicates that the most likely and largest ( 0.1 km3) collapses are from the east side of Sherman Crater. Alteration at Dorr Fumarole Field raises the collapse hazard there, but not significantly because of its lower slope angles. Geochemistry and analogs from other volcanoes suggest a model for the edifice hydrothermal system.

Geochemistry and petrogenetic history of lavas from Sumaco Volcano, Northern Volcanic Zone, Ecuador

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Escobar, R. D.; Garrison, J. M.; Sims, K. W.; Matthews, T. P.; Yogodzinski, G. M.

2012-12-01

Sumaco Volcano is located in the rear arc of the Northern Volcanic Zone (NVZ) of Ecuador, 105 km from the capital city of Quito. It is one of several volcanoes in the rear arc of the NVZ and is located south of El Reventador volcano. On the basis of summit morphology, Sumaco is believed to have erupted most recently in 1933, however there are few constraints on the timing of past eruptions and it is currently inactive. Lava flows on the steep, jungle-covered flanks are largely inaccessible and therefore few studies have been published for this volcano, and most representative samples are from the volcano summit. The goals of this research are 1) to use major and trace element data to obtain a better understanding of the petrogenetic history of Sumaco Volcano and 2) to use U-series isotopes to constrain the eruption ages and, if possible get information about magma storage times. We collected and sent 23 rock samples to Washington State University for analysis of major and trace elements using XRF and ICP, including six lavas from the summit and 17 from the southern flanks, including bread-crust bombs. A subgroup of samples was chosen for U-series disequilibrium measurements on whole rocks and minerals. Based on hand-sample observations and electron microprobe analyses, the primary mineral phases found in the Sumaco lavas include titanaugite, hauyne, olivine and plagioclase, with accessory apatite and hercynite. The plagioclase and apatite have seive textures consistent with magma mixing or recharge, and the titanaugite crystals are euhedral with oscillatory zoning that records repeated recharge events. On the basis of major and trace element data, the lavas are alkaline and range in composition from picro-basalt to tephri-phonolite; the picro basalt has MgO of 10 wt % and the summit samples are the most evolved with MgO of 2 wt %. The summit lavas (also presumed to be the youngest lavas) have the highest concentration of alkali elements with K2O content (> 4 wt %), however the flank samples are more concentrated in alkaline earth metals with Sr concentrations of up to 4,000 ppm. The lowest Sr concentration of any of the lavas is 1000 ppm, and Ba ranges from 1000-3000 ppm; these high values are typical of lavas in a rear arc setting. The La/Lu of the samples ranges from 30-50 and is correlated with SiO2. We agree with other researchers that these high concentrations are the result of low degrees of partial melting above the subducting Nazca plate. The composition of the lavas can be modelled using fractional crystallization. In terms of U-series isotopes, the preliminary results of our analyses show that the Sumaco lavas are not in secular equilibrium, which indicates that they were erupted within the past 300 ka. The flank lavas have 238U excesses of up to 70%, suggesting that water is important in this system early in its history. The youngest, most evolved summit samples have 230Th excesses of up to 15%, suggesting that either water input decreased over time or that crystallizing mineral phases are different in the most recent lavas. In fact, the summit samples contain less titanaugite and more hauyne than the flank samples. The observed increase in (230Th/238U) is positively correlated with wt % SiO2, P2O5 and La/Yb that suggests the variation is related to differentiation of apatite and perhaps titanaugite.

40 CFR 146.9 - Criteria for establishing permitting priorities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

....9 Criteria for establishing permitting priorities. In determining priorities for setting times for... priorities. 146.9 Section 146.9 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) WATER... (a), (c), (g) or § 144.22(f), the Director shall base these priorities upon consideration of the...

Relation of summit deformation to east rift zone eruptions on Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Epp, D.; Decker, R.W.; Okamura, A.T.

1983-07-01

An inverse relationship exists between the summit deflation of Kilauea, as recorded by summit tilt, and the elevation of associated eruptive vents on the East Rift Zone. This relationship implies that East Rift eruptions drain the summit magma reservior to pressure levels that are dependent on the elevation of the eruptive vents.

Defense.gov Special Report: NATO 25th Summit Meeting

Science.gov Websites

Representatives from 60 countries and organizations are participating in the 25th NATO summit in Chicago - the said at the conclusion of the alliance's summit in Chicago. Story NATO Secretary General Terms Summit a Chicago have accomplished what they set out to do, NATO Secretary General Anders Fogh Rasmussen said

Charlemagne's Summit Canal: An Early Medieval Hydro-Engineering Project for Passing the Central European Watershed

PubMed Central

Zielhofer, Christoph; Leitholdt, Eva; Werther, Lukas; Stele, Andreas; Bussmann, Jens; Linzen, Sven; Schneider, Michael; Meyer, Cornelius; Berg-Hobohm, Stefanie; Ettel, Peter

2014-01-01

The Central European Watershed divides the Rhine-Main catchment and the Danube catchment. In the Early Medieval period, when ships were important means of transportation, Charlemagne decided to link both catchments by the construction of a canal connecting the Schwabian Rezat and the Altmühl rivers. The artificial waterway would provide a continuous inland navigation route from the North Sea to the Black Sea. The shortcut is known as Fossa Carolina and represents one of the most important Early Medieval engineering achievements in Europe. Despite the important geostrategic relevance of the construction it is not clarified whether the canal was actually used as a navigation waterway. We present new geophysical data and in situ findings from the trench fills that prove for the first time a total length of the constructed Carolingian canal of at least 2300 metres. We have evidence for a conceptual width of the artificial water course between 5 and 6 metres and a water depth of at least 60 to 80 cm. This allows a crossing way passage of Carolingian cargo scows with a payload of several tons. There is strong evidence for clayey to silty layers in the trench fills which reveal suspension load limited stillwater deposition and, therefore, the evidence of former Carolingian and post-Carolingian ponds. These findings are strongly supported by numerous sapropel layers within the trench fills. Our results presented in this study indicate an extraordinarily advanced construction level of the known course of the canal. Here, the excavated levels of Carolingian trench bottoms were generally sufficient for the efficient construction of stepped ponds and prove a final concept for a summit canal. We have evidence for the artificial Carolingian dislocation of the watershed and assume a sophisticated Early Medieval hydrological engineering concept for supplying the summit of the canal with adequate water. PMID:25251589

Charlemagne's summit canal: an early medieval hydro-engineering project for passing the Central European Watershed.

PubMed

Zielhofer, Christoph; Leitholdt, Eva; Werther, Lukas; Stele, Andreas; Bussmann, Jens; Linzen, Sven; Schneider, Michael; Meyer, Cornelius; Berg-Hobohm, Stefanie; Ettel, Peter

2014-01-01

The Central European Watershed divides the Rhine-Main catchment and the Danube catchment. In the Early Medieval period, when ships were important means of transportation, Charlemagne decided to link both catchments by the construction of a canal connecting the Schwabian Rezat and the Altmühl rivers. The artificial waterway would provide a continuous inland navigation route from the North Sea to the Black Sea. The shortcut is known as Fossa Carolina and represents one of the most important Early Medieval engineering achievements in Europe. Despite the important geostrategic relevance of the construction it is not clarified whether the canal was actually used as a navigation waterway. We present new geophysical data and in situ findings from the trench fills that prove for the first time a total length of the constructed Carolingian canal of at least 2300 metres. We have evidence for a conceptual width of the artificial water course between 5 and 6 metres and a water depth of at least 60 to 80 cm. This allows a crossing way passage of Carolingian cargo scows with a payload of several tons. There is strong evidence for clayey to silty layers in the trench fills which reveal suspension load limited stillwater deposition and, therefore, the evidence of former Carolingian and post-Carolingian ponds. These findings are strongly supported by numerous sapropel layers within the trench fills. Our results presented in this study indicate an extraordinarily advanced construction level of the known course of the canal. Here, the excavated levels of Carolingian trench bottoms were generally sufficient for the efficient construction of stepped ponds and prove a final concept for a summit canal. We have evidence for the artificial Carolingian dislocation of the watershed and assume a sophisticated Early Medieval hydrological engineering concept for supplying the summit of the canal with adequate water.

1935-2004 Water Vapor Trends at the Summit of Mount Washington, NH

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Seidel, T. M.; Grant, A. N.; Pszenny, A. A.

2005-12-01

As part of an ongoing effort to digitize and analyze the unique historical climate record from the summit of Mount Washington, water vapor mixing ratios calculated from synoptic (six-hourly) sling psychrometer and related data will be presented. The Mount Washington Observatory, located at 44°16'N, 71°18'W, 1914 m ASL, has been recording meteorological conditions since 1932. A continuous record of hourly and synoptic data exists from 1935 to the present. Previous work with hourly temperature data has shown an increase in annual temperature of 0.3°C over this 69-year interval, with larger increases during spring and winter, and a decrease in diurnal temperature range (A. Grant et al., J. Climate, in press). Preliminary examination of the synoptic psychrometric data suggests a decrease in annual dew point of approximately 0.4°C, with larger decreases in fall and winter than during the other seasons. Decreasing dew points are expected under two conditions: drier air or constant water vapor with increasing temperature. Other dew point climatologies of the continental United States for the second half of the 20th century have shown mixed results, with increased dew points evident at some stations, decreased dew points at others, and no clear regional patterns.

Operational and Research Musculoskeletal Summit: Summit Recommendations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Scheuring, Richard A.; Walton, Marlei; Davis-Street, Janis; Smaka, Todd J.; Griffin, DeVon

2006-01-01

The Medical Informatics and Health Care Systems group in the Office of Space Medicine at NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) has been tasked by NASA with improving overall medical care on the International Space Station (ISS) and providing insights for medical care for future exploration missions. To accomplish this task, a three day Operational and Research Musculoskeletal Summit was held on August 23-25th, 2005 at Space Center Houston. The purpose of the summit was to review NASA#s a) current strategy for preflight health maintenance and injury screening, b) current treatment methods in-flight, and c) risk mitigation strategy for musculoskeletal injuries or syndromes that could occur or impact the mission. Additionally, summit participants provided a list of research topics NASA should consider to mitigate risks to astronaut health. Prior to the summit, participants participated in a web-based pre-summit forum to review the NASA Space Medical Conditions List (SMCL) of musculoskeletal conditions that may occur on ISS as well as the resources currently available to treat them. Data from the participants were compiled and integrated with the summit proceedings. Summit participants included experts from the extramural physician and researcher communities, and representatives from NASA Headquarters, the astronaut corps, JSC Medical Operations and Human Adaptations and Countermeasures Offices, Glenn Research Center Human Research Office, and the Astronaut Strength, Conditioning, and Reconditioning (ASCR) group. The recommendations in this document are based on a summary of summit discussions and the best possible evidence-based recommendations for musculoskeletal care for astronauts while on the ISS, and include recommendati ons for exploration class missions.

Hydrothermal hexahydrite spherules erupted during the 2008-2010 summit eruption of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai`i'

USGS Publications Warehouse

Hon, Ken; Orr, Tim R.

2011-01-01

Small (1-3 mm), hollow spherules of hexahydrite have been collected falling out of the magmatic gas plume downwind of Kīlauea’s summit vent. The spherules were observed on eight separate occasions during 2009-2010 when a lake of actively spattering lava was present ~150-200 m below the rim of the vent. The shells of the spherules have a fine bubbly foam structure less than 0.1 mm thick, composed almost entirely of hexahydrite [MgSO4·6H2O] Small microspherules of lava (4-saturated meteoric water in the walls of the conduit above the surface of the lava lake. Solfataric sulfates may thus be recycled and reinjected into the plume, creating particulates of sulfate minerals that can be distributed far from their original source.

CO2 Degassing at Kilauea Volcano: Implications for Primary Magma, Summit Reservoir Dynamics, and Magma Supply Monitoring

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gerlach, T. M.; McGee, K. A.; Elias, T.; Sutton, A. J.; Doukas, M. P.

2001-12-01

We report a new CO2 emission rate of 8,500 tons/day (t/d) for the summit of Kilauea Volcano, a result several times larger than previous estimates. It is based on 12 experiments on three occasions over four years constraining the SO2 emission rate and the average CO2/SO2 of emissions along the 5.4-km summit COSPEC traverse (by COSPEC, NDIR CO2 analyzer, and CP-FTIR). The core of the summit plume is at ground level along the traverse and gives average CO2/SO2 values that are representative of the overall summit emission, even though CO2 and SO2 variations are commonly uncorrelated. CO2 and SO2 concentrations exceed background by 200-1,000 ppm and 1-7 ppm respectively. Nighttime measurements exclude Park auto exhaust as a source of CO2. The summit CO2 emission rate is nearly constant (95% confidence interval = 300 t/d), despite variable summit SO2 emission rates (62-240 t/d) and CO2/SO2 (54-183). Including other known CO2 emissions on the volcano (mainly from the Pu`u `O`o eruption) gives a total emission rate of about 8,800 t/d. Thus summit CO2 emissions comprise 97% of the total known CO2 output, consistent with the hypothesis that all primary magma supplied to Kilauea arrives under the summit caldera and is thoroughly degassed of excess CO2. A persistent large CO2 anomaly of 200-1,000 ppm indicates the entry to the summit reservoir is beneath a km2-area east of Halemaumau. The bulk CO2 content of primary magma is about 0.70 wt%, inferred from the CO2 emission rate and Kilauea's magma supply rate (0.18 km3/y [Cayol et al., Science, 288, 2343, 2000]). Most of the CO2 is present as exsolved vapor (3.6-11.7 vol%) at summit reservoir depths (2-7 km), making the primary magma strongly buoyant. Magma chamber replenishment models show that robust turbulent mixing of primary and reservoir magma prevents frequent eruption of buoyant primary magma in the summit region. The escape of 90-95% of the CO2 from the summit reservoir provides a potential proxy for monitoring the magma supply rate. Streaming CO2-rich vapor causes fractional degassing of H2O and SO2 from reservoir magma, but scrubbing minimizes summit SO2 emissions.

The Glacier National Park GLORIA Project: A new US Target Region for Alpine Plant Monitoring Installed in the Northern Rocky Mountains, Montana

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Holzer, K.; Fagre, D.

2004-12-01

The Global Observation Research Initiative in Alpine Environments (GLORIA) is an international research network whose purpose is to assess climate change impacts on vegetation in alpine environments worldwide. A standard protocol was developed by the international office in Vienna, Austria, and has specific site requirements and techniques that allow sites to be compared worldwide. This protocol requires four summits to be selected within a target region, covering zonal differences of subalpine to nival, and on each of these summits intensive vegetation plots are set up and monitored on a five year interval. Only three target regions in North America have been completed to date, one in Glacier National Park, Montana, and the other two in the Sierra Nevada and White Mountains, California. The four GLORIA summit plots in Glacier National Park were completed over the summers of 2003 and 2004. Because the Continental Divide bisects Glacier National Park (north to south), we chose summits only East of the divide to stay within a similar climatic pattern. Establishing sites was difficult due to the steep and rocky glaciated terrain and the remoteness of suitable sites that required multi-day approaches. Our highest summit (Seward Mtn. 2717 m) is the northernmost and our lowest summit (Dancing Lady Mtn. 2245 m) is southernmost. Treeline is strongly influenced by terrain and is significantly more variable than in the central Rocky Mountains. This also was true of zonal differences of alpine vegetation. Subalpine and even grassland species were found on the same summits as upper alpine species and areas considered subnival. While different zonal areas often occurred on one summit, they were highly influenced by the aspect and slope of that summit area. Between 51 and 82 vascular plants were documented on each summit. There was a high degree of variability in species diversity and percent cover on each summit that was correlated to directional exposure. The summit morphology caused loose vegetative associations, or micro-communities, that varied with exposure, slope angle, and substrate character. Species that exhibited dominance within the target region were Smelowskia calycina var. americana, Polemonium viscosum, Achillea millefolium, Erigeron compositus var. glabratus, and Potentilla fruticosa L. These species reflected the same variability in percent cover on the four sides of the summit areas as did the vegetation as a whole, but were present on all sides.

Reading the World: Redefining Literature and History Curriculum. A Report from the Multicultural Education Summit Convened by the San Francisco Unified School District. Proceedings (San Francisco, California, March 1998).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sandler, Susan; Maxton, Ashindi

This report documents a 1998 summit that brought together academics and practitioners to discuss the challenges of multicultural education. Part 1, "Summit Proceedings," examines definitions, major topics, voices of the summit, recommendations, and the future. Part 2, "Selected Articles," includes three sections that offer…

Youth Summits: Youth and Adults as Partners in Violence Prevention. Technical Assistance Bulletin, No. 14.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Perry, George S., Jr.

Taking the position that Youth for Justice Youth Summits were highly successful in their inaugural year of 1995, this report explains the purpose and goals of the summits. The report also summarizes the activities undertaken in the 47 states (plus the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico) where the summits were held on a state-by-state basis. The…

Impacts and societal benefits of research activities at Summit Station, Greenland

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hawley, R. L.; Burkhart, J. F.; Courville, Z.; Dibb, J. E.; Koenig, L.; Vaughn, B. H.

2017-12-01

Summit Station began as the site for the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 ice core in 1989. Since then, it has hosted both summer campaign science, and since 1997, year-round observations of atmospheric and cryospheric processes. The station has been continuously occupied since 2003. While most of the science activities at the station are supported by the US NSF Office of Polar Programs, the station also hosts many interagency and international investigations in physical glaciology, atmospheric chemistry, satellite validation, astrophysics and other disciplines. Summit is the only high elevation observatory north of the Arctic circle that can provide clean air or snow sites. The station is part of the INTER-ACT consortium of Arctic research stations with the main objective to identify, understand, predict and respond to diverse environmental changes, and part of the International Arctic Systems for Observing the Atmosphere (IASOA) that coordinates Arctic research activities and provides a networked, observations-based view of the Arctic. The Summit Station Science Summit, sponsored by NSF, assembled a multidisciplinary group of scientists to review Summit Station science, define the leading research questions for Summit, and make community-based recommendations for future science goals and governance for Summit. The impact of several on-going observation records was summarized in the report "Sustaining the Science Impact of Summit Station, Greenland," including the use of station data in weather forecasts and climate models. Observations made at the station as part of long-term, year-round research or during shorter summer-only campaign seasons contribute to several of the identified Social Benefit Areas (SBAs) outlined in the International Arctic Observations Assessment Framework published by the IDA Science and Technology Policy Institute and Sustaining Arctic Observing Networks as an outcome of the 2016 Arctic Science Ministerial. The SBAs supported by research conducted at Summit include Fundamental Understanding of Arctic Systems, Infrastructure and Operations, Terrestrial and Freshwater Ecosystems and Processes and Weather and Climate. Future efforts at maintaining the station's long-term climate record will focus on these areas, as identified in the Summit Station Science Summit report.

Tracking Rates and History along the Transcontinental Railroad

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Perham, Arnold E.; Perham, Faustine L.

2015-01-01

The Transcontinental Railroad began laying track east from Sacramento, California, in 1863 and west from Omaha, Nebraska, in 1865; the two lines eventually met in Promontory Summit, Utah, in 1869. One of the train towns, Ogallala, Nebraska, consisted of only a section house and water tank alongside newly laid track. Over the next few years, train…

Investigating of Pre-Service Science Teachers' Beliefs on Education for Sustainable Development and Sustainable Behaviors

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ates, Huseyn; Gül, Sungur Kibar

2018-01-01

Sustainability problems such as hunger, obesity, unhealthiness, clean water, and the destruction of biological diversity in nature etc. has increased in this century. All over the world, meetings, panels and summits are arranged; researchers who are experts in the field are investigating ways to overcome these problems. Recently, especially after…

63. CANAL BOAT IN CRADLE AT TOP OF PLANE. TO ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

63. CANAL BOAT IN CRADLE AT TOP OF PLANE. TO PASS OVER THE SUMMIT (THE HUMP OF LAND AT THE TOP OF PLANE TO HOLD BACK THE WATER AT THAT LEVEL), THE BOATS HAVE SEEN HINGED AND TWO CRADLES ARE USED TO CARRY THE BOAT UP THE PLANE. - Morris Canal, Phillipsburg, Warren County, NJ

Pre-eruptive processes and timescales recorded in olivine crystals and melt inclusions from the 2007 caldera-forming eruption of Piton de la Fournaise (La Réunion Island)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Albert, H.; Costa Rodriguez, F.; Herrin, J. S.; Di Muro, A.; Metrich, N.

2017-12-01

Summit caldera collapse is a rare event at Piton de la Fournaise. One such event occurred in 2007 during one of the largest historic eruptions of more than 200 Mm3 of magma. Effusion of aphyric basalts initiated at the summit area in mid-February, followed by the migration of active vents in March and early April to progressively lower elevations. Collapse of a 1 km diameter summit caldera occurred on April 5th while effusion of crystal rich lava continued until May 1st. Here we investigate these events through timescales recorded in olivine crystals and their melt inclusions (MIs) using a diffusion modelling approach. Olivine crystals from the early tephra emitted just before caldera collapse and from the post caldera collapse lava display similar compositions and zoning patterns. Fo [%Fo=100*Mg/(Mg+Fe)] values range from ≈82 to ≈86 and the phenocrysts are complexly zoned including a reverse followed by normal zoning. Fo≈84 cores are surrounded by a Fo≈86 plateau. In contact with the surrounding matrix or MIs, crystals exhibit normal zoning toward values of Fo≈82-83. Phosphorus distribution revealed in 2D X-Ray maps shows complex patterns that can be interpreted as early skeletal growth likely responsible for entrapment of MIs. Diffusion modeling of Fo, Ca, and Ni reveals two distinct magma residence timescales recorded in olivine. The inner reversed-zoned profiles yield timescales of 1-2 years, while normally-zoned profiles at crystal rims and also adjacent to MIs yield timescales of only a few days. Modelling of the P zoning patterns is consistent with the 1-2 year timescales obtained from reversely-zoned profiles. H2O contents of olivine-hosted MIs range from 0.35-1.16 wt%. Selective loss of water in some MIs suggests diffusive re-equilibration between the MIs and host magma during ascent. We have applied H2O diffusion modeling to estimate timescales of water loss of a few days, consistent with the results of Fo/Ca/Ni modeling of olivine profiles. We infer that the timescales of one to two years obtained from reversely-zoned profiles and P in olivine could record residence in a long-lived intrusive body sitting below the volcano summit which was fluidized during the eruption leading to caldera collapse. Timescales of one to a few days obtained from normal zoning and water loss record magma ascent during the 2007 eruption.

Oximetry fails to predict acute mountain sickness or summit success during a rapid ascent to 5640 meters.

PubMed

Wagner, Dale R; Knott, Jonathan R; Fry, Jack P

2012-06-01

The purpose of this study was to determine whether arterial oxygen saturation (Spo(2)) and heart rate (HR), as measured by a finger pulse oximeter on rapid arrival to 4260 m, could be predictive of acute mountain sickness (AMS) or summit success on a climb to 5640 m. Climbers (35.0 ± 10.1 years; 51 men, 5 women) were transported from 2650 m to the Piedra Grande hut at 4260 m on Pico de Orizaba within 2 hours. After a median time of 10 hours at the hut, they climbed toward the summit (5640 m) and returned, with a median trip time of 14 hours. The Lake Louise Self-Assessment Scale (LLSS) for AMS, HR, and Spo(2) were collected on arrival at the hut and repeated immediately before and after the climbers' summit attempts. Average Spo(2) for all participants at 4260 m before their departure for the summit was 84.4% ± 3.7%. Thirty-seven of the 56 participants reached the summit, and 59% of all climbers met the criteria for AMS during the ascent. The Spo(2) was not significantly different between those who experienced AMS and those who did not (P = .82); neither was there a difference in Spo(2) between summiteers and nonsummiteers (P = .44). Climbers' HR just before the summit attempt was not related to AMS but was significantly lower for summiteers vs nonsummiteers (P = .04). The Spo(2) does not appear to be predictive of AMS or summit success during rapid ascents. Copyright © 2012 Wilderness Medical Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Geophysical observations of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, 1. temporal gravity variations related to the 29 November, 1975, M = 7.2 earthquake and associated summit collapse

USGS Publications Warehouse

Jachens, R.C.; Eaton, G.P.

1980-01-01

Repeated high-precision gravity measurements made near the summit of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, have revealed systematic temporal variations in the gravity field associated with a major deflation of the volcano that followed the 29 November, 1975, earthquake and eruption. Changes in the gravity field with respect to a stable reference station on the south flank of neighboring Mauna Loa volcano were measured at 18 sites in the summit region of Kilauea and at 4 sites far removed from its summit. The original survey, conducted 10-23 November, 1975, was repeated during a two-week period after the earthquake. The results indicate that sometime between the first survey and the latter part of the second survey the gravity field at sites near the summit increased with respect to that at sites far removed from the summit. The pattern of gravity increase is essentially radially symmetrical, with a half-width slightly less than 3 km, about the point of maximum change 1.5 km southeast of Halemaumau pit crater. Gravity changes at sites near the summit correlate closely with elevation decreases that occurred sometime between leveling surveys conducted in late September 1975 and early January 1976. The systematic relation between gravity and elevation change (-1.71 ?? 0.05 (s.e.) ??gal/cm) shows that deflation was accompanied by a loss of mass from beneath the summit region. Mass balance calculations indicate that for all reasonable magma densities, the volume of magma withdrawn from beneath the summit region exceeded the volume of summit collapse. Analysis suggests that magma drained from at least two distinct areas south of Kilauea caldera that coincide roughly with two reservoir areas active during inflation before the 1967-1968 Kilauea eruption. ?? 1980.

Watering the forest for the trees: An emerging priority for managing water in forest landscapes

USGS Publications Warehouse

Grant, Gordon E.; Tague, Christina L.; Allen, Craig D.

2013-01-01

Widespread threats to forests resulting from drought stress are prompting a re-evaluation of priorities for water management on forest lands. In contrast to the widely held view that forest management should emphasize providing water for downstream uses, we argue that maintaining forest health in the context of a changing climate may require focusing on the forests themselves and on strategies to reduce their vulnerability to increasing water stress. Management strategies would need to be tailored to specific landscapes but could include thinning, planting and selecting for drought-tolerant species, irrigating, and making more water available to plants for transpiration. Hydrologic modeling reveals that specific management actions could reduce tree mortality due to drought stress. Adopting water conservation for vegetation as a priority for managing water on forested lands would represent a fundamental change in perspective and potentially involve trade-offs with other downstream uses of water.

Petrology of deep drill hole, Kilauea Volcano

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Grose, L.T.; Keller, G.V.

1976-12-01

The first deep drill hole (1262 m TD) at the summit of an active volcano (1102 m elev) was drilled in 1973 at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii with support from NSF and USGS. The hole is located within southern margin of Kilauea caldera in northern part of a 15 km/sup 2/ triangular block bounded by east rift zone, Koae fault zone, and southwest rift zone-a summit area relatively free of faults, rifts, and extrusions. Nearest eruptions are from fissures 1.2 km away which are active in 1974 and which do not trend toward the drill hole. Core recovery totals 47 mmore » from 29 core runs at rather evenly spaced intervals to total depth. Megascopic, thin-section, and X-ray examination reveals: (1) Recovered core is essentially vesicular, intergranular, nonporphyritic to porphyritic olivine basalt with minor olivine diabase, picrite diabase, and basalt, (2) Hyaloclastite and pillow basalt are absent, (3) Below water table (614 m elev) with increasing depth, vesicularity decreases, and density, crystallinity, competence, vesicle fill, and alteration irregularly increase, (4) Alteration first occurs at water table where calcite and silica partially fill vesticles and olivine is partially serpentinized, (5) At about 570 m elev massive serpentinization of olivine and deposition of montmorillonite-nontronite occur; at about 210 m elev truscottite and tobermorite occur in vesicles; at about 35 m elev mordenite occurs in vesicles, (6) Bottom-hole cores have complete filling of vesicles with silica, minor silica replacement, and complete alteration of olivine, and (7) Plagioclase is unaltered. Chemical analyses of bottom-hole cores are similar to those of modern summit lavas. Alteration and low porosity in bottom-hole cores plus abrupt temperature increase suggest the drill hole penetrated a self-sealed ''cap rock'' to a hydrothermal convection cell and possibly a magma body.« less

First Results of the Expedition to the Highest Lake on Earth: Studying a Martian Paleolake in Bolivia and the Survival Strategies Developed by Living Organisms

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cabrol, N. A.; Grin, E. A.; McKay, C. P.; Friedmann, I.; Diaz, D. Chong; Demergasso, C.; Kisse, K.; Grigorszky, I.; Friedmann, R. Ocampo; Murbach, M. S.

2003-01-01

Between October 16th and November 9th 2002, the first NASA Ames DDF Licancabur multidisciplinary expedition initiated the investigation of the biology and environment for life in the highest lake on Earth located at the summit of the Licancabur volcano (6017 m/20,056 ft) at the boundary of Chile and Bolivia. The low oxygen, low atmospheric pressure, high-UV radiation, average temperature, volcano-tectonic and hydrothermal environment make the site a close analog to Martian paleolakes 3.5 billion years ago. The overall goal of the project is to understand through a series of high altitude scientific expeditions what strategies life is using to defend itself against killer-level UV radiation and environmental extreme conditions at this altitude. Several other lakes are located at 4300 m at the foot of the Licancabur volcano (hereafter named laguna Blanca and Laguna Verde). They were also investigated using identical experiments and methods as for the summit lake in order to compare the results and better understand the evolution of survival strategies at transitioning elevations. The lagunas are geothermally heated and many springs provide water at various temperatures. Sources of heat are also suspected for the summit lake as its surface water temperature was measured during the successful ascent at +6 C in a -9 C ambient crater environment (with a wind chill factor of -25 C with a wind blowing almost constantly). Results of this project are expected to provide critical keys to help searching and identifying potential sites for life (extant/extinct) on Mars and developing instruments, experiments and technologies for future missions.

Crew Earth Observations (CEO) taken during Expedition Six

NASA Image and Video Library

2003-04-04

ISS006-E-43366 (4 April 2003) --- This view featuring Baitoushan Volcano, China and North Korea, was photographed by an Expedition 6 crewmember on the International Space Station (ISS). One of the largest known Holocene eruptions occurred at Baitoushan Volcano (also known as Changbaishan in China and P’aektu-san in Korea) about 1000 A.D., with erupted material deposited as far away as northern Japan – a distance of approximately 1200 kilometers. The eruption also created the 4.5 kilometer diameter, 850 meters deep summit caldera of the volcano that is now filled with the waters of Lake Tianchi (or Sky Lake). This oblique photograph was taken during the winter season, and snow highlights frozen Lake Tianchi along with lava flow lobes along the southern face of the volcano. Baitoushan last erupted in 1702 and is considered a dormant volcano. Gas emissions were reported from the summit and nearby hot springs in 1994, but no evidence of renewed activity of the volcano was observed. The Chinese-Korean border runs directly through the center of the summit caldera, and the mountain is considered sacred by the dominantly Korean population living near the volcano. Lake Tianchi is a popular resort destination, both for its natural beauty and alleged sightings of unidentified creatures living in its depths (similar to legendary Loch Ness Monster in Scotland).

PFAS National Leadership Summit Materials

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) will be hosting a National Leadership Summit in Washington, D.C. to take action on Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in the environment. Below are the meeting materials for the Summit.

7 CFR 1778.7 - Project priority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 12 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Project priority. 1778.7 Section 1778.7 Agriculture... (CONTINUED) EMERGENCY AND IMMINENT COMMUNITY WATER ASSISTANCE GRANTS § 1778.7 Project priority. Paragraph (d... to determine the proposed project's priority for available funds. (b) State Office review. All...

7 CFR 1778.7 - Project priority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 12 2014-01-01 2013-01-01 true Project priority. 1778.7 Section 1778.7 Agriculture... (CONTINUED) EMERGENCY AND IMMINENT COMMUNITY WATER ASSISTANCE GRANTS § 1778.7 Project priority. Paragraph (d... to determine the proposed project's priority for available funds. (b) State Office review. All...

7 CFR 1778.7 - Project priority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 12 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Project priority. 1778.7 Section 1778.7 Agriculture... (CONTINUED) EMERGENCY AND IMMINENT COMMUNITY WATER ASSISTANCE GRANTS § 1778.7 Project priority. Paragraph (d... to determine the proposed project's priority for available funds. (b) State Office review. All...

Investigating Mars: Ascraeus Mons

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-09-08

This image shows part of the complex caldera at the summit of the volcano. Calderas are found at the tops of volcanoes and are the source region for magma that rises from an underground lava source to erupt at the surface. Volcanoes are formed by repeated flows from the central caldera. The final eruptions can pool within the summit caldera, leaving a flat surface as they cool. This image shows part of two of the summit calderas, each with a floor at different elevations. Calderas are also a location of collapse, creating rings of tectonic faults that form the caldera rim. Ascraeus Mons has several caldera features at its summit. The Odyssey spacecraft has spent over 15 years in orbit around Mars, circling the planet more than 69000 times. It holds the record for longest working spacecraft at Mars. THEMIS, the IR/VIS camera system, has collected data for the entire mission and provides images covering all seasons and lighting conditions. Over the years many features of interest have received repeated imaging, building up a suite of images covering the entire feature. From the deepest chasma to the tallest volcano, individual dunes inside craters and dune fields that encircle the north pole, channels carved by water and lava, and a variety of other feature, THEMIS has imaged them all. For the next several months the image of the day will focus on the Tharsis volcanoes, the various chasmata of Valles Marineris, and the major dunes fields. We hope you enjoy these images! Orbit Number: 63076 Latitude: 11.3749 Longitude: 255.364 Instrument: VIS Captured: 2016-03-03 11:14 https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA21830

40 CFR 131.38 - Establishment of Numeric Criteria for priority toxic pollutants for the State of California.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS WATER QUALITY STANDARDS Federally Promulgated Water Quality Standards § 131.38 Establishment of Numeric Criteria for priority toxic pollutants for the State... Concentration (CMC) equals the highest concentration of a pollutant to which aquatic life can be exposed for a...

40 CFR 131.38 - Establishment of Numeric Criteria for priority toxic pollutants for the State of California.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS WATER QUALITY STANDARDS Federally Promulgated Water Quality Standards § 131.38 Establishment of Numeric Criteria for priority toxic pollutants for the State... Concentration (CMC) equals the highest concentration of a pollutant to which aquatic life can be exposed for a...

40 CFR 131.38 - Establishment of Numeric Criteria for priority toxic pollutants for the State of California.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS WATER QUALITY STANDARDS Federally Promulgated Water Quality Standards § 131.38 Establishment of Numeric Criteria for priority toxic pollutants for the State... Concentration (CMC) equals the highest concentration of a pollutant to which aquatic life can be exposed for a...

40 CFR 131.38 - Establishment of Numeric Criteria for priority toxic pollutants for the State of California.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS WATER QUALITY STANDARDS Federally Promulgated Water Quality Standards § 131.38 Establishment of Numeric Criteria for priority toxic pollutants for the State... Concentration (CMC) equals the highest concentration of a pollutant to which aquatic life can be exposed for a...

40 CFR 131.38 - Establishment of Numeric Criteria for priority toxic pollutants for the State of California.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS WATER QUALITY STANDARDS Federally Promulgated Water Quality Standards § 131.38 Establishment of Numeric Criteria for priority toxic pollutants for the State... Concentration (CMC) equals the highest concentration of a pollutant to which aquatic life can be exposed for a...

Preparing tomorrow's transportation workforce : a Midwest summit.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-08-01

Preparing Tomorrows Transportation Workforce: A Midwest Summit, held April 2728, 2010, in Ames, Iowa, was one of several : regional transportation workforce development summits held across the United States in 2009 and 2010 as part of a coordin...

NREL Wind Leaders Participate in Wind Industry Partnership Summit | News |

Science.gov Websites

NREL NREL Wind Leaders Participate in Wind Industry Partnership Summit NREL Wind Leaders enable innovations needed to advance U.S. wind systems. "The summit brought together leaders from

2009 National Safety Performance Function Summit

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-07-01

The Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT) and the Illinois Center for Transportation (ICT) sponsored and : hosted the first National Safety Performance Function Summit on July 29 and 30, 2009, in Chicago, Illinois. The : goal of this summit wa...

Three-dimensional geophysical mapping of shallow water saturated altered rocks at Mount Baker, Washington: Implications for slope stability

USGS Publications Warehouse

Finn, Carol A.; Deszcz-Pan, Maria; Ball, Jessica L.; Bloss, Benjamin J.; Minsley, Burke J.

2018-01-01

Water-saturated hydrothermal alteration reduces the strength of volcanic edifices, increasing the potential for catastrophic sector collapses that can lead to far traveled and destructive debris flows. Intense hydrothermal alteration significantly lowers the resistivity and magnetization of volcanic rock and therefore hydrothermally altered rocks can be identified with helicopter electromagnetic and magnetic measurements. Geophysical models constrained by rock properties and geologic mapping show that intensely altered rock is restricted to two small (500 m diameter), >150 m thick regions around Sherman Crater and Dorr Fumarole Field at Mount Baker, Washington. This distribution of alteration contrasts with much thicker and widespread alteration encompassing the summits of Mounts Adams and Rainier prior to the 5600 year old Osceola collapse, which is most likely due to extreme erosion and the limited duration of summit magmatism at Mount Baker. In addition, the models suggest that the upper ~300 m of rock contains water which could help to lubricate potential debris flows. Slope stability modeling incorporating the geophysically modeled distribution of alteration and water indicates that the most likely and largest (~0.1 km3) collapses are from the east side of Sherman Crater. Alteration at Dorr Fumarole Field raises the collapse hazard there, but not significantly because of its lower slope angles. Geochemistry and analogs from other volcanoes suggest a model for the edifice hydrothermal system.

40 CFR 35.915-1 - Reserves related to the project priority list.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...-Clean Water Act § 35.915-1 Reserves related to the project priority list. In developing the fundable... § 35.908(b)(1)) for construction projects which use innovative or alternative waste water treatment...

40 CFR 35.915-1 - Reserves related to the project priority list.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...-Clean Water Act § 35.915-1 Reserves related to the project priority list. In developing the fundable... § 35.908(b)(1)) for construction projects which use innovative or alternative waste water treatment...

40 CFR 35.915-1 - Reserves related to the project priority list.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...-Clean Water Act § 35.915-1 Reserves related to the project priority list. In developing the fundable... § 35.908(b)(1)) for construction projects which use innovative or alternative waste water treatment...

76 FR 56362 - National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan National Priorities List

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-13

... and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan National Priorities List AGENCY: Environmental... protection, Air pollution control, Chemicals, Hazardous Waste, Hazardous substances, Intergovernmental relations, Penalties, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, Superfund, Water pollution control, Water...

76 FR 42055 - National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan; National Priorities List

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-18

... protection, Air pollution control, Chemicals, Hazardous Waste, Hazardous substances, Intergovernmental relations, Penalties, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, Superfund, Water pollution control, Water... and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan; National Priorities List AGENCY: Environmental...

Proceedings of Bus Summit 2000 : ensuring a healthy U.S. bus industry

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2000-10-01

The Federal Transit Administration (FTA) Bus Industry Summit was held October 18-19, 2000, in Washington, DC. The Summit offered an opportunity for representatives from the transit industry, including transit providers, vehicle manufacturers, consult...

1. Context view shows approach of access road to summit, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. Context view shows approach of access road to summit, communication towers and NW corner of lookout tower at center right. Camera is pointed SE. - Chelan Butte Lookout, Summit of Chelan Butte, Chelan, Chelan County, WA

A dynamic balance between magma supply and eruption rate at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii

USGS Publications Warehouse

Denlinger, R.P.

1997-01-01

The dynamic balance between magma supply and vent output at Kilauea volcano is used to estimate both the volume of magma stored within Kilauea volcano and its magma supply rate. Throughout most of 1991 a linear decline in volume flux from the Kupaianaha vent on Kilauea's east rift zone was associated with a parabolic variation in the elevation of Kilauea's summit as vent output initially exceeded then lagged behind the magma supply to the volcano. The correspondence between summit elevation and tilt established with over 30 years of data provided daily estimates of summit elevation in terms of summit tilt. The minimum in the parabolic variation in summit tilt and elevation (or zero elevation change) occurs when the magma supply to the reservoir from below the volcano equals the magma output from the reservoir to the surface, so that the magma supply rate is given by vent flux on that day. The measurements of vent flux and tilt establish that the magma supply rate to Kilauea volcano on June 19, 1991, was 217,000 ?? 10,000 m3/d (or 0.079 ?? 0.004 km3/yr). This is close to the average eruptive rate of 0.08 km3/yr between 1958 and 1984. In addition, the predictable response of summit elevation and tilt to each east rift zone eruption near Puu Oo since 1983 shows that summit deformation is also a measure of magma reservoir pressure. Given this, the correlation between the elevation of the Puu Oo lava lake (4 km uprift of Kupaianaha and 18 km from the summit) and summit tilt provides an estimate for magma pressure changes corresponding to summit tilt changes. The ratio of the change in volume to the change in reservoir pressure (dV/dP) during vent activity may be determined by dividing the ratio of volume erupted to change in summit tilt (dV/dtilt) by the ratio of pressure change to change in summit tilt (dP/dtilt). This measure of dV/dP, when combined with laboratory measurements of the bulk modulus of tholeitic melt, provides an estimate of 240 ?? 50 km3 for the volume of Kilauea's magma reservoir. This estimate is much larger than traditional estimates but consistent with seismic tomographic imaging and geophysical modeling of Kilauea's magma system. Copyright 1997 by the American Geophysical Union.

A dynamic balance between magma supply and eruption rate at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Denlinger, Roger P.

1997-08-01

The dynamic balance between magma supply and vent output at Kilauea volcano is used to estimate both the volume of magma stored within Kilauea volcano and its magma supply rate. Throughout most of 1991 a linear decline in volume flux from the Kupaianaha vent on Kilauea's east rift zone was associated with a parabolic variation in the elevation of Kilauea's summit as vent output initially exceeded then lagged behind the magma supply to the volcano. The correspondence between summit elevation and tilt established with over 30 years of data provided daily estimates of summit elevation in terms of summit tilt. The minimum in the parabolic variation in summit tilt and elevation (or zero elevation change) occurs when the magma supply to the reservoir from below the volcano equals the magma output from the reservoir to the surface, so that the magma supply rate is given by vent flux on that day. The measurements of vent flux and tilt establish that the magma supply rate to Kilauea volcano on June 19, 1991, was 217,000±10,000 m3/d (or 0.079±0.004 km3/yr). This is close to the average eruptive rate of 0.08 km3/yr between 1958 and 1984. In addition, the predictable response of summit elevation and tilt to each east rift zone eruption near Puu Oo since 1983 shows that summit deformation is also a measure of magma reservoir pressure. Given this, the correlation between the elevation of the Puu Oo lava lake (4 km uprift of Kupaianaha and 18 km from the summit) and summit tilt provides an estimate for magma pressure changes corresponding to summit tilt changes. The ratio of the change in volume to the change in reservoir pressure (dV/dP) during vent activity may be determined by dividing the ratio of volume erupted to change in summit tilt (dV/dtilt) by the ratio of pressure change to change in summit tilt (dP/dtilt). This measure of dV/dP, when combined with laboratory measurements of the bulk modulus of tholeitic melt, provides an estimate of 240±50 km3 for the volume of Kilauea's magma reservoir. This estimate is much larger than traditional estimates but consistent with seismic tomographic imaging and geophysical modeling of Kilauea's magma system.

Geophysical characteristics of the hydrothermal systems of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii

USGS Publications Warehouse

Kauahikaua, J.

1993-01-01

Clues to the overall structure of Kilauea volcano can be obtained from spatial studies of gravity, magnetic, and seismic velocity variations. The rift zones and summit are underlain by dense, magnetic, high P-wave-velocity rocks at depths of about 2 km less. The gravity and seismic velocity studies indicate that the rift structures are broad, extending farther to the north than to the south of the surface features. The magnetic data give more definition to the rift structures by allowing separation into a narrow, highly-magnetized, shallow zone and broad, flanking, magnetic lows. The patterns of gravity, magnetic variations, and seismicity document the southward migration of the upper cast rift zone. Regional, hydrologic features of Kilauea can be determined from resistivity and self-potential studies. High-level groundwater exists beneath Kilauea summit to elevations of +800 m within a triangular area bounded by the west edge of the upper southwest rift zone, the east edge of the upper east rift zone, and the Koa'c fault system. High-level groundwater is present within the east rift zone beyond the triangular summit area. Self-potential mapping shows that areas of local heat produce local fluid circulation in the unconfined aquifer (water table). The dynamics of Kilauea eruptions are responsible for both the source of heat and the fracture permeability of the hydrothermal system. Shallow seismicity and surface deformation indicate that magma is intruding and that fractures are forming beneath the rift zones and summit area. Magma supply estimates are used to calculate the rate of heat input to Kilauea's hydrothermal systems. Heat flows of 370-820 mW/m2 are calculated from deep wells within the lower east rift zone. The estimated heat input rate for Kilauea of 9 gigawatts (GW) is at least 25 times higher than the conductive heat loss as estimated from the heat flow in wells extrapolated over the area of the summit caldera and rift zones. Heat must be dissipated by another mechanism, or the heat input rate estimates are much too high. ?? 1993.

Kīlauea summit eruption—Lava returns to Halemaʻumaʻu

USGS Publications Warehouse

Babb, Janet L.; Wessells, Stephen M.; Neal, Christina A.

2017-10-06

In March 2008, a new volcanic vent opened within Halemaʻumaʻu, a crater at the summit of Kīlauea Volcano in Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park on the Island of Hawaiʻi. This new vent is one of two ongoing eruptions on the volcano. The other is on Kīlauea’s East Rift Zone, where vents have been erupting nearly nonstop since 1983. The duration of these simultaneous summit and rift zone eruptions on Kīlauea is unmatched in at least 200 years.Since 2008, Kīlauea’s summit eruption has consisted of continuous degassing, occasional explosive events, and an active, circulating lava lake. Because of ongoing volcanic hazards associated with the summit vent, including the emission of high levels of sulfur dioxide gas and fragments of hot lava and rock explosively hurled onto the crater rim, the area around Halemaʻumaʻu remains closed to the public as of 2017.Through historical photos of past Halemaʻumaʻu eruptions and stunning 4K imagery of the current eruption, this 24-minute program tells the story of Kīlauea Volcano’s summit lava lake—now one of the two largest lava lakes in the world. It begins with a Hawaiian chant that expresses traditional observations of a bubbling lava lake and reflects the connections between science and culture that continue on Kīlauea today.The video briefly recounts the eruptive history of Halemaʻumaʻu and describes the formation and continued growth of the current summit vent and lava lake. It features USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory scientists sharing their insights on the summit eruption—how they monitor the lava lake, how and why the lake level rises and falls, why explosive events occur, the connection between Kīlauea’s ongoing summit and East Rift Zone eruptions, and the impacts of the summit eruption on the Island of Hawaiʻi and beyond. The video is also available at the following U.S. Geological Survey Multimedia Gallery link (video hosted on YouTube): Kīlauea summit eruption—Lava returns to Halemaʻumaʻu

Earth Observation taken by Expedition 33 crew

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-10-18

ISS033-E-012648 (18 Oct. 2012) --- Isla Santiago is featured in this image photographed by an Expedition 33 crew member on the International Space Station. The island of Santiago is located near the center of the Galapagos Islands off the coast of Ecuador. The Galapagos Islands are situated near the equator, and were formed from volcanism related to a large mantle plume (also known as a hot spot). This hot spot is very close to the tectonic boundary between the Galapagos Ridge, a plate boundary that is also an oceanic spreading center, and the Nazca and Cocos plates. This combination of mantle plumes and tectonic plate movements produces a unique geological environment, including underwater ridges of volcanoes that influence the water circulation around the Galapagos. All of these aspects contribute to the geology and biology of the Galapagos. Isla Santiago itself is formed from a shield volcano also called Santiago. This type of volcanic structure is recognized by low, flat summits surrounded by extensive flow fields of lava; the lava is not very viscous, so it can flow for great distances from the source vents. Several dark lava flow fields are visible in this photograph, the largest along the eastern, western, and southern coastlines. The small Isla Rabida to the south of Isla Santiago is the peak of another, mostly submerged shield volcano. In addition to the lava flows, other volcanic features known as tuff cones are visible on the eastern and western sides of the island. These cones are formed from the rapid interaction of hot flowing lava and water. The water underneath the lava flow flashes to steam explosively, and this both fragments the lava and rapidly cools it, leading to the formation of cones of glassy, relatively fine-grained volcanic material. The most recent volcanic activity on Isla Santiago occurred during 1904 – 1906. The summit ridge of the Santiago shield volcano is located in the northwestern part of the island (center). Also at center is a large but isolated region of green vegetation primarily located on the south-facing slope below the summit ridge. This image was taken during the dry, or garua, season that lasts from June to November. The season is dominated by cooler air transported by the Southeast Trade winds and cooler waters from the Humboldt and Cromwell currents. The combination of cool air and water results in rain falling only in the island highlands, with south- and east-facing slopes receiving the most precipitation. Despite the favorable topographic location, the yellow green color of the vegetation may indicate water (or other) stress.

MDI Biological Laboratory Arsenic Summit: Approaches to Limiting Human Exposure to Arsenic

PubMed Central

Stanton, Bruce A.

2015-01-01

This report is the outcome of the meeting: “Environmental and Human Health Consequences of Arsenic”, held at the MDI Biological Laboratory in Salisbury Cove, Maine, August 13–15, 2014. Human exposure to arsenic represents a significant health problem worldwide that requires immediate attention according to the World Health Organization (WHO). One billion people are exposed to arsenic in food and more than 200 million people ingest arsenic via drinking water at concentrations greater than international standards. Although the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has set a limit of 10 micrograms per liter (10 μg/L) in public water supplies and the WHO has recommended an upper limit of 10 μg/L, recent studies indicate that these limits are not protective enough. In addition, there are currently few standards for arsenic in food. Those who participated in the Summit support citizens, scientists, policymakers, industry and educators at the local, state, national and international levels to: (1) Establish science-based evidence for setting standards at the local, state, national, and global levels for arsenic in water and food; (2) Work with government agencies to set regulations for arsenic in water and food, to establish and strengthen non-regulatory programs, and to strengthen collaboration among government agencies, NGOs, academia, the private sector, industry and others; (3) Develop novel and cost-effective technologies for identification and reduction of exposure to arsenic in water; (4) Develop novel and cost-effective approaches to reduce arsenic exposure in juice, rice, and other relevant foods, and (5) Develop an Arsenic Education Plan to guide the development of science curricula as well as community outreach and education programs that serve to inform students and consumers about arsenic exposure and engage them in well water testing and development of remediation strategies. PMID:26231509

MDI Biological Laboratory Arsenic Summit: Approaches to Limiting Human Exposure to Arsenic.

PubMed

Stanton, Bruce A; Caldwell, Kathleen; Congdon, Clare Bates; Disney, Jane; Donahue, Maria; Ferguson, Elizabeth; Flemings, Elsie; Golden, Meredith; Guerinot, Mary Lou; Highman, Jay; James, Karen; Kim, Carol; Lantz, R Clark; Marvinney, Robert G; Mayer, Greg; Miller, David; Navas-Acien, Ana; Nordstrom, D Kirk; Postema, Sonia; Rardin, Laurie; Rosen, Barry; SenGupta, Arup; Shaw, Joseph; Stanton, Elizabeth; Susca, Paul

2015-09-01

This report is the outcome of the meeting "Environmental and Human Health Consequences of Arsenic" held at the MDI Biological Laboratory in Salisbury Cove, Maine, August 13-15, 2014. Human exposure to arsenic represents a significant health problem worldwide that requires immediate attention according to the World Health Organization (WHO). One billion people are exposed to arsenic in food, and more than 200 million people ingest arsenic via drinking water at concentrations greater than international standards. Although the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has set a limit of 10 μg/L in public water supplies and the WHO has recommended an upper limit of 10 μg/L, recent studies indicate that these limits are not protective enough. In addition, there are currently few standards for arsenic in food. Those who participated in the Summit support citizens, scientists, policymakers, industry, and educators at the local, state, national, and international levels to (1) establish science-based evidence for setting standards at the local, state, national, and global levels for arsenic in water and food; (2) work with government agencies to set regulations for arsenic in water and food, to establish and strengthen non-regulatory programs, and to strengthen collaboration among government agencies, NGOs, academia, the private sector, industry, and others; (3) develop novel and cost-effective technologies for identification and reduction of exposure to arsenic in water; (4) develop novel and cost-effective approaches to reduce arsenic exposure in juice, rice, and other relevant foods; and (5) develop an Arsenic Education Plan to guide the development of science curricula as well as community outreach and education programs that serve to inform students and consumers about arsenic exposure and engage them in well water testing and development of remediation strategies.

TACOM LCMC Industrial Base Networking Summit

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-03-25

CAD/CAM CNC Programming •Quick reaction of parts - CNC , Lathes , Mills, Water Jet/Laser Cutting Design •Mechanical, Electrical, Electronics...system that can efficiently fabricate standard and unique parts at the point of need • Lathe modules deployed at 4 strategic SWA locations • Concepts...Prototype Integration Planning Machining / CNC / Metals Welding Assembly / Paint Integration •Field-Experienced Veterans •Component, Subsystems

76 FR 56294 - National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan National Priorities List

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-13

... and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan National Priorities List AGENCY: Environmental... pollution control, Chemicals, Hazardous Waste, Hazardous substances, Intergovernmental relations, Penalties, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, Superfund, Water pollution control, Water supply. Authority: 33 U...

78 FR 56611 - National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan; National Priorities List...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-13

... requirements, Superfund, Water pollution control, Water supply. Dated: July 3, 2013. A. Stanley Meiburg, Acting...] National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan; National Priorities List: Deletion of the... National Oil and [[Page 56612

Atrial Arrhythmia Summit: Post Summit Report

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Barr, Yael

2010-01-01

The Atrial Arrhythmia Summit brought together nationally and internationally recognized experts in cardiology, electrophysiology, exercise physiology, and space medicine in an effort to elucidate the mechanisms, risk factors, and management of atrial arrhythmias in the unique occupational cohort of the U.S. astronaut corps.

Volcano Inflation prior to Gas Explosions at Semeru Volcano, Indonesia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nishimura, T.; Iguchi, M.; Kawaguchi, R.; Surono, S.; Hendrasto, M.; Rosadi, U.

2010-12-01

Semeru volcano in east Java, Indonesia, is well known to exhibit small vulcanian eruptions at the summit crater. Such eruptive activity stopped on April 2009, but volcanic earthquakes started to occur in August and a lava dome was found in the summit crater on November. Since then, lava sometimes flows downward on the slope and small explosions emitting steams from active crater frequently occur every a few to a few tens of minutes. Since the explosions repeatedly occur with short intervals and the active crater is located close to the summit with an altitude of 3676m, the explosions are considered to originate from the gas (steams) from magma itself in the conduit and not to be caused by interactions of magma with the underground water. We installed a tiltmeter at the summit on March 2010 to study the volcanic eruption mechanisms. The tiltmeter (Pinnacle hybrid type, accuracy of measurement is 1 nrad ) was set at a depth of about 1 m around the summit about 500 m north from the active crater. The data stored every 1 s in the internal memory was uploaded every 6 hours by a small data logger with GPS time correction function. More than one thousand gas explosion events were observed for about 2 weeks. We analyze the tilt records as well as seismic signals recorded at stations of CVGHM, Indonesia. The tilt records clearly show uplift of the summit about 20 to 30 seconds before each explosion. Uplifts before large explosions reach to about 20 - 30 n rad, which is almost equivalent to the volume increase of about 100 m^3 beneath the crater. To examine the eruption magnitude dependence on the uplift, we classify the eruptions into five groups based on the amplitudes of seismograms associated with explosions. We stack the tilt records for these groups to reduce noises in the signals and to get general characteristics of the volcano inflations. The results show that the amplitudes of uplifts are almost proportional to the amplitudes of explosion earthquakes while the preceding time of uplift is almost constant (20 s - 30 s). This implies that the inflation rate controls the magnitude of gas explosions. The observed preceding time of inflation prior to gas explosions are much shorter than those for the inflations before magmatic explosions (Nishi et al., 2007; Iguchi et al., 2008), which suggests that the pressurization processes in shallow conduit for gas explosions are different from that for explosions emitting ashes.

Summit CO2 emission rates by the CO2/SO2 ratio method at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi, during a period of sustained inflation

USGS Publications Warehouse

Hager, S.A.; Gerlach, T.M.; Wallace, P.J.

2008-01-01

The emission rate of carbon dioxide escaping from the summit of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi, proved highly variable, averaging 4900 ± 2000 metric tons per day (t/d) in June–July 2003 during a period of summit inflation. These results were obtained by combining over 90 measurements of COSPEC-derived SO2emission rates with synchronous CO2/SO2 ratios of the volcanic gas plume along the summit COSPEC traverse. The results are lower than the CO2 emission rate of 8500 ± 300 t/d measured by the same method in 1995–1999 during a period of long-term summit deflation [Gerlach, T.M., McGee, K.A., Elias, T., Sutton, A.J. and Doukas, M.P., 2002. Carbon dioxide emission rate of Kīlauea Volcano: Implications for primary magma and the summit reservoir. Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth, 107(B9): art. no.-2189.]. Analysis of the data indicates that the emission rates of the present study likely reflect changes in the magma supply rate and residence time in the summit reservoir. It is also likely that emission rates during the inflation period were heavily influenced by SO2 pulses emitted adjacent to the COSPEC traverse, which biased CO2/SO2 ratios towards low values that may be unrepresentative of the global summit gas plume. We conclude that the SO2 pulses are consequences of summit re-inflation under way since 2003 and that CO2 emission rates remain comparable to, but more variable than, those measured prior to re-inflation.

Waters associated with an active basaltic volcano, Kilauea, Hawaii: Variation in solute sources, 1973-1991

USGS Publications Warehouse

Tilling, R.I.; Jones, B.F.

1996-01-01

Chemical and isotopic analyses of samples collected from a 1262-m-deep research borehole at the summit of Kilauea Volcano provide unique time-series data for composition of waters in the uppermost part of its hydrothermal system. These waters have a distinctive geochemical signature: a very low proportion of chloride relative to other anions compared with other Hawaiian wa-ters - thermal (???30 ??C) or nonthermal (<30 ??C) - and with most thermal waters of the world. Isotope data demonstrate that the borehole waters are of essentially meteoric origin, with minimal magmatic input. The water chemistry exhibits marked temporal variations, including pronounced short-term (days to weeks) effects of rainfall dilution and longer term (months to years) decline of total solutes. The 1973-1974 samples are Na-sulfate-dominant, but samples collected after July 1975 are (Mg + Ca)-bicarbonate-dominant. This compositional shift, probably abrupt, was associated with an increase in the partial pressure of CO2 (PCO2) related to volcanic degassing of CO2 accompanying a large eruption (December 31, 1974) and associated intense seismicity. Following the initial sharp increase, the PCO2 then decreased, approaching preemption values in April 1976. Beginning in mid-1975, solute concentrations of the borehole waters decreased substantially, from ???45 meq/L to <25 meq/L in only eight months; by 1991, total solute concentrations were <17 meq/L. This decline in solutes cannot be attributed to rainfall dilution and is inferred to reflect the decreasing availability with time of the easily leachable salts of alkali metals and sulfate, which originated in sublimates and fumarolic encrustations in fractures and cavities of rocks along the hydrologic flow paths. The overall chemistry of the summit-borehole waters is largely determined by hydrolysis reactions associated with normal weathering of host tholeiitic basalts on a geologic time scale, despite short-term perturbations in composition caused by rainfall dilution or volcanic activity.

Centers for Water Research on National Priorities Related to a Systems View of Nutrient Management Kick-off Meeting

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

At this meeting, grantees from Centers for Water Research on National Priorities Related to a Systems View of Nutrient Management and Sustainable Chesapeake: A Community-Based Approach to Stormwater Management Using Green Infrastructure

Determinants of heat production in newborn lambs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Eales, F. A.; Small, J.

1980-06-01

Measurement of summit metabolism (the maximum rate of heat production) in lambs aged 1 or 4h revealed considerable between animal variation. Summit metabolism per unit body weight decreased as body weight increased whereas summit metabolism per unit body surface area was independent of body weight. Severe pre-partum hypoxia was apparently associated with a low summit metabolism at 1 or 4h of age which made such lambs very susceptible to hypothermia. This deficiency in heat production capacity did not appear to be a permanent featuresince most lambs so affected recovered full thermoregulatory ability by 12h of age. Feeding of colostrum conferred an immediate 18% increase in summit metabolism. The significance of these findings to the prevention of hypothermia in the newborn lamb is discussed.

Variations in tilt rate and harmonic tremor amplitude during the January-August 1983 east rift eruptions of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii

USGS Publications Warehouse

Dvorak, J.J.; Okamura, A.T.

1985-01-01

During January-August 1983, a network of telemetered tiltmeters and seismometers recorded detailed temporal changes associated with seven major eruptive phases along the east rift of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii. Each eruptive phase was accompanied by subsidence of the summit region and followed by reinflation of the summit to approximately the same level before renewal of eruptive activity. The cyclic summit tilt pattern and the absence of measurable tilt changes near the eruptive site suggest that conditions in the summit region controlled the timing of the last six eruptive phases. The rate of summit subsidence progressively increased from one eruptive phase to the next during the last six phases; the amplitude of harmonic tremor increased during the last four phases. The increases in subsidence rate and in tremor amplitude suggest that frequent periods of magma movement have reduced the flow resistance of the conduit system between the summit and the rift zone. ?? 1985.

75 FR 53268 - National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan; National Priorities List...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-31

... relations, Penalties, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, Superfund, Water pollution control, Water... and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan; National Priorities List: Deletion of the..., as amended, is an appendix of the National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan...

27 CFR 9.67 - Catoctin.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

..., Maryland,” 7.5 minute series, 1953 (Photorevised 1979); (5) “Blue Ridge Summit Quadrangle, Maryland... Furnace Quadrangle,” “Blue Ridge Summit Quadrangle,” and “Emmitsburg Quadrangle” maps to the point of... the Maryland-Pennsylvania State line on the “Emmitsburg Quadrangle,” “Blue Ridge Summit Quadrangle...

27 CFR 9.67 - Catoctin.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

..., Maryland,” 7.5 minute series, 1953 (Photorevised 1979); (5) “Blue Ridge Summit Quadrangle, Maryland... Furnace Quadrangle,” “Blue Ridge Summit Quadrangle,” and “Emmitsburg Quadrangle” maps to the point of... the Maryland-Pennsylvania State line on the “Emmitsburg Quadrangle,” “Blue Ridge Summit Quadrangle...

27 CFR 9.67 - Catoctin.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

..., Maryland,” 7.5 minute series, 1953 (Photorevised 1979); (5) “Blue Ridge Summit Quadrangle, Maryland... Furnace Quadrangle,” “Blue Ridge Summit Quadrangle,” and “Emmitsburg Quadrangle” maps to the point of... the Maryland-Pennsylvania State line on the “Emmitsburg Quadrangle,” “Blue Ridge Summit Quadrangle...

27 CFR 9.67 - Catoctin.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

..., Maryland,” 7.5 minute series, 1953 (Photorevised 1979); (5) “Blue Ridge Summit Quadrangle, Maryland... Furnace Quadrangle,” “Blue Ridge Summit Quadrangle,” and “Emmitsburg Quadrangle” maps to the point of... the Maryland-Pennsylvania State line on the “Emmitsburg Quadrangle,” “Blue Ridge Summit Quadrangle...

27 CFR 9.67 - Catoctin.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

..., Maryland,” 7.5 minute series, 1953 (Photorevised 1979); (5) “Blue Ridge Summit Quadrangle, Maryland... Furnace Quadrangle,” “Blue Ridge Summit Quadrangle,” and “Emmitsburg Quadrangle” maps to the point of... the Maryland-Pennsylvania State line on the “Emmitsburg Quadrangle,” “Blue Ridge Summit Quadrangle...

11th Annual Legislative Summit, 2008

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Indian Education Association, 2008

2008-01-01

Several papers were presented during the 11th Annual National Indian Education Association (NIEA) Legislative Summit. This volume contains the following briefing papers presented during the summit: (1) Reauthorization of No Child Left Behind Strengthen Native American Education; (2) The Johnson O'Malley Program; (3) Legislation to Address…

76 FR 4725 - Apria Healthcare Customer Service Department; Fourteen Locations in Missouri Cameron, Cape...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-26

..., Fenton, Joplin, Lee's Summit, Pleasant Valley, Poplar Bluff, Rolla, Springfield, St. Joseph, St. Peters... in Missouri: Cameron, Cape Girardeau, Columbia, Farmington, Fenton, Joplin, Lee's Summit, Pleasant..., Farmington, Fenton, Joplin, Lee's Summit, Pleasant Valley, Poplar Bluff, Rolla, Springfield, St. Joseph, St...

Pacesetter in Personalized Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jacobs, Joanne

2017-01-01

The Chicago International Charter School (CICS) Irving Park's middle school is one of 130 schools nationwide piloting the Summit Learning Program (SLP), developed--and offered entirely free--by Summit Public Schools, a high-performing charter network based in California. Summit's eight schools, two of them in Washington State, are known for an…

Dialogue on Dialog: Interview with Roger Summit.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Newman, Donald

1986-01-01

Presents interview with Roger Summit, the president of Dialog Information Services, Inc. Highlights include Summit's role as chief architect of the system, the inception of Dialog and its beginnings at Lockheed Missiles and Space Company, services provided by Dialog, a challenge for libraries, and future developments and services. (EJS)

Cotton and Sustainability: Impacting Student Learning through Sustainable Cotton Summit

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ha-Brookshire, Jung; Norum, Pamela

2011-01-01

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of intensive extra-curricular learning opportunities on students' knowledge, skills, and attitudes regarding cotton and sustainability. Design/methodology/approach: A three-phase extra-curricular learning opportunity was designed to include a Sustainable Cotton Summit; pre-summit and…

77 FR 6534 - Malheur National Forest; Oregon; Summit Logan Grazing Authorization Project

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-08

... Creek and Summit Prairie allotments. These allotments are within the Upper Malheur River and Upper North Fork Malheur River watersheds. The Summit Logan Grazing Authorization Project area is located south and west of Prairie City, Oregon and encompasses approximately 40,272 acres of National Forest System Lands...

2007 Youth Policy Summit Summary

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reid, Ellen; Fussell, Annemarie; Templin, Elizabeth

2007-01-01

The NCSSSMST (National Consortium for Specialized Secondary Schools of Mathematics, Science and Technology) and Keystone Science School co-sponsored two Youth Policy Summits during the summer of 2007. Forty students represented 10 high schools from across the country at each Summit, meeting for a week in June and August at Keystone Science School…

78 FR 18611 - Summit on Color in Medical Imaging; Cosponsored Public Workshop; Request for Comments

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-27

...] Summit on Color in Medical Imaging; Cosponsored Public Workshop; Request for Comments AGENCY: Food and...: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and cosponsor International Color Consortium (ICC) are announcing the following public workshop entitled ``Summit on Color in Medical Imaging: An International...

77 FR 36549 - Nursing Workforce Diversity Invitational Summit-“Nursing in 3D: Workforce Diversity, Health...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-19

... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Health Resources and Services Administration Nursing Workforce Diversity Invitational Summit--``Nursing in 3D: Workforce Diversity, Health Disparities, and..., Division of Nursing, will host an invitational summit that focuses on Nursing Workforce Diversity (NWD...

Ebook Summit: Our Ebook Challenge

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Library Journal, 2010

2010-01-01

Over 2000 participants made the daylong programming at the "Library Journal"/"School Library Journal" Virtual Ebook Summit, September 29, a robust conversation and not just within the summit interface but also in tweets with the #ebooksummit hashtag (and beyond) and in libraries across the country where participants logged in to take part. The…

The Science of Eliminating Health Disparities: Summary and Analysis of the NIH Summit Recommendations

PubMed Central

Rhee, Kyu B.; Williams, Kester; Sanchez, Idalia; Sy, Francisco S.; Stinson, Nathaniel; Ruffin, John

2010-01-01

In December 2008, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) sponsored the first NIH Summit showcasing its investment and contribution to health disparities research and unveiling a framework for moving this important field forward. The Summit, titled “The Science of Eliminating Health Disparities,” drew on extensive experience of experts leading health disparities research transformation in diverse fields. The Summit also provided a historic educational opportunity to contribute to health care reform. The theme, addressing disparities through integration of science, practice, and policy, introduced a paradigm for advancing research through transformational, translational, and transdisciplinary research. Engaging active participation throughout the Summit generated recommendations bridging science, practice, and policy, including action on social determinants of health, community engagement, broad partnerships, capacity-building, and media outreach. PMID:20147660

Youth Climate Summits: Empowering & Engaging Youth to Lead on Climate Change

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kretser, J.

2017-12-01

The Wild Center's Youth Climate Summits is a program that engages youth in climate literacy from knowledge and understanding to developing action in their schools and communities. Each Youth Climate Summit is a one to three day event that brings students and teachers together to learn about climate change science, impacts and solutions at a global and local level. Through speakers, workshops and activities, the Summit culminates in a student-driven Climate Action Plan that can be brought back to schools and communities. The summits have been found to be powerful vehicles for inspiration, learning, community engagement and youth leadership development. Climate literacy with a focus on local climate impacts and solutions is a key component of the Youth Climate Summit. The project-based learning surrounding the creation of a unique, student driven, sustainability and Climate Action Plan promotes leadership skills applicable and the tools necessary for a 21st Century workforce. Student driven projects range from school gardens and school energy audits to working with NYS officials to commit to going 100% renewable electricty at the three state-owned downhill ski facilities. The summit model has been scaled and replicated in other communities in New York State, Vermont, Ohio, Michigan and Washington states as well as internationally in Finland, Germany and Sri Lanka.

"A Paradox Persists When the Paradigm Is Wrong": Pisacano Scholars' Reflections from the Inaugural Starfield Summit.

PubMed

Doohan, Noemi; Coutinho, Anastasia J; Lochner, Jennifer; Wohler, Diana; DeVoe, Jennifer

The inaugural Starfield Summit was hosted in April 2016 by the Robert Graham Center for Policy Studies in Family Medicine and Primary Care with additional partners and sponsors, including the Pisacano Leadership Foundation (PLF). The Summit addressed critical topics in primary care and health care delivery, including payment, measurement, and team-based care. Invited participants included an interdisciplinary group of pediatricians, family physicians, internists, behaviorists, trainees, researchers, and advocates. Among the family physicians invited were both current and past PLF (Pisacano) scholars. After the Summit, a small group of current and past Pisacano scholars formed a writing group to reflect on and summarize key lessons and conclusions from the Summit. A Summit participant's statement, "a paradox persists when the paradigm is wrong," became a repeated theme regarding the paradox of primary care within the context of the health care system in the United States. The Summit energized participants to renew their commitment to Dr. Starfield's 4 C's of Primary Care (first contact access, continuity, comprehensiveness, and care coordination) and to the Quadruple Aim (quality, value, and patient and physician satisfaction) and to continue to explore how primary care can best shape the future of the nation's health care system. © Copyright 2016 by the American Board of Family Medicine.

Observations at Kuchinoerabu-jima volcano, southern Kyushu, Japan, by using unmanned helicopter

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ohminato, T.; Kaneko, T.; Koyama, T.; Watanabe, A.; Kanda, W.; Tameguri, T.; Kazahaya, R.

2015-12-01

Kuchinoerabu-jima, volcano is a volcanic island located southern Kyushu, Japan. In 3 August, 2014, a small eruption at active summit crater, Shin-dake, destroyed all the observation stations near the summit. Since then, this volcano was only poorly monitored. After the eruption, entering within 2km from Shin-dake crater was strictly prohibited and thus it was impossible to fix summit stations on site. In April, 2015, we conducted seismic sensor installation by using unmanned helicopter (RMAX-G1 manufactured by Yamaha) so as to reestablish the seismic monitoring network near the summit area. We installed four seismic stations in the summit area. We also conducted various types of near-summit observations including an aero-magnetic measurement over the summit area, taking visual and infra-red images from low altitude, and volcanic gas sampling. We present preliminary results of the near summit observations using unmanned helicopter. The light-weight (5kg) and solar-powered seismic stations were designed exclusively for helicopter installation. They transmit seismic data every 10 minutes by using mobile data communication network. We could install them within 500m from the summit crater on 17, April. On 29 May, Shin-dake crater erupted again and the newly installed seismic stations were all destroyed by this eruption. The seismic stations could transmit data until just before the eruption. These data made us possible to evaluate the change in seismic activity leading up to the eruption. An aero-magnetic survey was conducted on 17 and 18 April. The flight altitude was between 100m and 150m above the ground (i.e a draped magnetic survey) . Path interval is 100m and the total flight path length is 80km. The magnetic intensity data were converted to magnetization of the edifice of Shin-dake. Comparison between the result this time with that obtained in 2001 shows demagnetization near the summit area. Temperature measurement over the summit area detected 368ºC　at the fissure on the western flank. Chemical composition of the volcanic gas was measured. Maximum concentration of SO2 was 28ppm and the apparent equilibrium temperature estimated from the gas composition was 550 ºC. CO2/SO2 ratio did not change significantly but a large variation in SO2/H2S ratio was observed.

Earth Observations taken by the Expedition 18 Crew

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-12-03

ISS018-E-010206 (3 Dec. 2008) --- Mount Nemrut in Turkey is featured in this image photographed by an Expedition 18 crewmember on the International Space Station. This detailed view centers on the summit caldera of Mount Nemrut (Nemrut Dagi in Turkish), a stratovolcano located in the eastern Anatolia region of Turkey along the shoreline of Lake Van. Winter snow blankets the 2,948 meter elevation summit of the mountain, highlighting the brown caldera rim (a caldera is a large, usually circular or elliptical, collapse feature caused by the rapid emptying of an underlying magma chamber). The snow also highlights the irregular shape and wrinkled surfaces of several lava flows present in the eastern portion of the caldera. Lava flows associated with Mt. Nemrut range in composition from thin, fluid basalt to thick, glassy obsidian. A coldwater caldera lake occupies the western half of the summit. The geologic record at Mt. Nemrut indicates numerous prehistoric explosive eruptions during the Holocene Epoch ?which, according to scientists, began approximately 10,000 years ago and extends to the present day ? with eruption of lava last observed during 1441. The last well-documented explosive eruption occurred during 1650. Volcanism at Mt. Nemrut is the result of tectonic activity associated with the collision of the Arabian and Eurasian Plates; this collision is ongoing, and the presence of a warm water lake in the caldera suggests that the volcano is merely quiescent at present.

Earth Observations taken by Expedition 34 crewmember

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-11-30

ISS034-E-005496 (30 Nov. 2012) --- An eruption at the Ulawun volcano, New Britain Island, Papua New Guinea is featured in this image photographed by an Expedition 34 crew member on the International Space Station. Numerous volcanoes contribute to the landmass of the island of New Britain, the largest in the Bismarck Archipelago of Papua New Guinea. One of the most active of these volcanoes, Ulawun, is also the highest with a summit elevation of 2,334 meters. This photograph was taken during the most recent phase of volcanic activity at Ulawun. A white steam and ash plume extends from the summit crater of the stratovolcano towards the northwest (center; note the image is oriented such that north is towards the lower left). The plume begins to broaden as it passes the southwestern coast of Lolobau Island approximately 23 kilometers downwind from its source. Ulawun volcano is also known as “the Father”, with the Bamus volcano to the southwest also known as “the South Son”. The summit of Bamus is obscured by white cumulus clouds (not of volcanic origin) in this image. While Ulawun has been active since at least 1700, the most recent eruptive activity at Bamus occurred in the late 19th century. A large region of ocean surface highlighted by sunglint – sunlight reflecting off the water surface, lending it a mirror-like appearance– is visible to the north-northeast of Ulawun (lower left).

Retrieval of trace gas concentrations over Summit Station, Greenland using moderate-resolution spectral infrared radiances

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bahramvash Shams, S.; Walden, V. P.; Turner, D. D.

2017-12-01

Measurements of trace gases at high temporal resolution are important for understanding variations and trends at high latitudes. Trace gases over Greenland can be influenced by both long-range transport from pollution sources as well as local chemical processes. Satellite retrievals are an important data source in the polar regions, but accurate ground-based measurements are needed for proper validation, especially in data sparse regions. A moderate-resolution (0.5 cm-1) Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), the Polar Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (P-AERI), has been operated at Summit Station, Greenland as part of the ICECAPS project since 2010. In this study, trace gas concentrations, including ozone, nitrous oxide, and methane are retrieved using different optimal estimation retrieval codes. We first present results of retrieved gases using synthetic spectra (from a radiative transfer model) that mimic P-AERI measurements to evaluate systematic errors in the inverse models. We also retrieve time series of trace gas concentrations during periods of clear skies over Summit. We investigate the amount of vertical information that can be obtained with moderate resolution spectra for each of the trace gases, and also the impact of the seasonal variation of atmospheric water vapor on the retrievals. Data from surface observations and ozonesondes obtained by the NOAA Global Monitoring Division are used to improve the retrievals and as validation.

40 CFR 35.915 - State priority system and project priorty list.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... State priority system and list must be designed to achieve optimum water quality management consistent... water quality management (WQM) plans. The State shall hold a public hearing before submission of the... also sets forth the administrative, management, and public participation procedures required to develop...

76 FR 50164 - National Oil and Hazardous Substance Pollution Contingency Plan National Priorities List...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-12

..., Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, Superfund, Water pollution control, Water supply. Authority: 33 U... and Hazardous Substance Pollution Contingency Plan National Priorities List: Deletion of the Pasley..., as amended, is an Appendix of the National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan...

7 CFR 623.9 - Easement priority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... restored, (e) Wetland function or values, (f) Likelihood of successful restoration of wetland values, (g... AGRICULTURE WATER RESOURCES EMERGENCY WETLANDS RESERVE PROGRAM § 623.9 Easement priority. The State... government expenditure on restoration and easement purchase. The factors for determining the priority for...

Time-series measurements of bubble plume variability and water column methane distribution above Southern Hydrate Ridge, Oregon

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Philip, Brendan T.; Denny, Alden R.; Solomon, Evan A.; Kelley, Deborah S.

2016-03-01

An estimated 500-2500 gigatons of methane carbon is sequestered in gas hydrate at continental margins and some of these deposits are associated with overlying methane seeps. To constrain the impact that seeps have on methane concentrations in overlying ocean waters and to characterize the bubble plumes that transport methane vertically into the ocean, water samples and time-series acoustic images were collected above Southern Hydrate Ridge (SHR), a well-studied hydrate-bearing seep site ˜90 km west of Newport, Oregon. These data were coregistered with robotic vehicle observations to determine the origin of the seeps, the plume rise heights above the seafloor, and the temporal variability in bubble emissions. Results show that the locations of seep activity and bubble release remained unchanged over the 3 year time-series investigation, however, the magnitude of gas release was highly variable on hourly time scales. Bubble plumes were detected to depths of 320-620 m below sea level (mbsl), in several cases exceeding the upper limit of hydrate stability by ˜190 m. For the first time, sustained gas release was imaged at the Pinnacle site and in-between the Pinnacle and the Summit area of venting, indicating that the subseafloor transport of fluid and gas is not restricted to the Summit at SHR, requiring a revision of fluid-flow models. Dissolved methane concentrations above background levels from 100 to 300 mbsl are consistent with long-term seep gas transport into the upper water column, which may lead to the build-up of seep-derived carbon in regional subsurface waters and to increases in associated biological activity.

Hepatitis C: The beginning of the end-key elements for successful European and national strategies to eliminate HCV in Europe.

PubMed

Papatheodoridis, G V; Hatzakis, A; Cholongitas, E; Baptista-Leite, R; Baskozos, I; Chhatwal, J; Colombo, M; Cortez-Pinto, H; Craxi, A; Goldberg, D; Gore, C; Kautz, A; Lazarus, J V; Mendão, L; Peck-Radosavljevic, M; Razavi, H; Schatz, E; Tözün, N; van Damme, P; Wedemeyer, H; Yazdanpanah, Y; Zuure, F; Manns, M P

2018-03-01

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major public health problem in the European Union (EU). An estimated 5.6 million Europeans are chronically infected with a wide range of variation in prevalence across European Union countries. Although HCV continues to spread as a largely "silent pandemic," its elimination is made possible through the availability of the new antiviral drugs and the implementation of prevention practices. On 17 February 2016, the Hepatitis B & C Public Policy Association held the first EU HCV Policy Summit in Brussels. This summit was an historic event as it was the first high-level conference focusing on the elimination of HCV at the European Union level. The meeting brought together the main stakeholders in the field of HCV: clinicians, patient advocacy groups, representatives of key institutions and regional bodies from across European Union; it served as a platform for one of the most significant disease elimination campaigns in Europe and culminated in the presentation of the HCV Elimination Manifesto, calling for the elimination of HCV in Europe by 2030. The launch of the Elimination Manifesto provides a starting point for action in order to make HCV and its elimination in Europe an explicit public health priority, to ensure that patients, civil society groups and other relevant stakeholders will be directly involved in developing and implementing HCV elimination strategies, to pay particular attention to the links between hepatitis C and social marginalization and to introduce a European Hepatitis Awareness Week. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

76 FR 57662 - National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan; National Priorities List

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-16

... and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan; National Priorities List AGENCY: Environmental...: List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 300 Environmental protection, Air pollution control, Chemicals... requirements, Superfund, Water pollution control, Water supply. Authority: 33 U.S.C. 1321(c)(2); 42 U.S.C. 9601...

78 FR 63099 - National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan; National Priorities List...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-23

..., Superfund, Water pollution control, Water supply. Dated: September 26, 2013. Judith A. Enck, Regional...] National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan; National Priorities List: Deletion of the... Pollution Contingency Plan (NCP). The EPA and the State of New York, through the Department of Environmental...

75 FR 44932 - National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan; National Priorities List...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-30

... recordkeeping requirements, Superfund, Water pollution control, Water supply. Authority: 33 U.S.C. 1321(c)(2... and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan; National Priorities List: Intent To Delete the... Act (CERCLA) of 1980, is an Appendix of the National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution...

40 CFR 35.2024 - Combined sewer overflows.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... ASSISTANCE STATE AND LOCAL ASSISTANCE Grants for Construction of Treatment Works § 35.2024 Combined sewer... project priority list, it addresses impaired uses in priority water quality areas which are due to the... must demonstrate to the Administrator that the water quality goals of the Act will not be achieved...

40 CFR 35.2024 - Combined sewer overflows.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... ASSISTANCE STATE AND LOCAL ASSISTANCE Grants for Construction of Treatment Works § 35.2024 Combined sewer... project priority list, it addresses impaired uses in priority water quality areas which are due to the... must demonstrate to the Administrator that the water quality goals of the Act will not be achieved...

40 CFR 35.2024 - Combined sewer overflows.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... ASSISTANCE STATE AND LOCAL ASSISTANCE Grants for Construction of Treatment Works § 35.2024 Combined sewer... project priority list, it addresses impaired uses in priority water quality areas which are due to the... must demonstrate to the Administrator that the water quality goals of the Act will not be achieved...

Investigation of priorities in water quality management based on correlations and variations.

PubMed

Boyacıoğlu, Hülya; Gündogdu, Vildan; Boyacıoğlu, Hayal

2013-04-15

The development of water quality assessment strategies investigating spatial and temporal changes caused by natural and anthropogenic phenomena is an important tool in management practices. This paper used cluster analysis, water quality index method, sensitivity analysis and canonical correlation analysis to investigate priorities in pollution control activities. Data sets representing 22 surface water quality parameters were subject to analysis. Results revealed that organic pollution was serious threat for overall water quality in the region. Besides, oil and grease, lead and mercury were the critical variables violating the standard. In contrast to inorganic variables, organic and physical-inorganic chemical parameters were influenced by variations in physical conditions (discharge, temperature). This study showed that information produced based on the variations and correlations in water quality data sets can be helpful to investigate priorities in water management activities. Moreover statistical techniques and index methods are useful tools in data - information transformation process. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

27 CFR 9.124 - Wild Horse Valley.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... direction approximately .9 mile to the summit of an unnamed hill having a marked elevation of 1,804 feet; (3... 1,824 feet; (4) Then south-southeasterly approximately .6 mile to the summit of an unnamed hill having a marked elevation of 1,866 feet; (5) Then south-southeasterly approximately .5 mile to the summit...

27 CFR 9.124 - Wild Horse Valley.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... direction approximately .9 mile to the summit of an unnamed hill having a marked elevation of 1,804 feet; (3... 1,824 feet; (4) Then south-southeasterly approximately .6 mile to the summit of an unnamed hill having a marked elevation of 1,866 feet; (5) Then south-southeasterly approximately .5 mile to the summit...

27 CFR 9.124 - Wild Horse Valley.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... direction approximately .9 mile to the summit of an unnamed hill having a marked elevation of 1,804 feet; (3... 1,824 feet; (4) Then south-southeasterly approximately .6 mile to the summit of an unnamed hill having a marked elevation of 1,866 feet; (5) Then south-southeasterly approximately .5 mile to the summit...

Wild Food Summit: Anishinaabe Relearning Traditional Gathering Practices

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sorensen, Barbara Ellen

2011-01-01

Wild Food Summits is a program initiated by Steve Dahlberg, the White Earth Tribal & Community College Extension director. Dahlberg began Wild Food Summits to teach people about identifying and gathering wild greens, mushrooms, and other edible plant life. The whole community comes together to cook and eat the foods. The tribal college has…

ACHP | Heritage Tourism and the Federal Government: Summit II Proceedings

Science.gov Websites

Search skip specific nav links Home arrow Publications arrow Intro: Heritage Tourism and the Federal Government: Summit II—Report of Proceedings Heritage Tourism and the Federal Government: Summit II—Report Heritage tourism promotes the preservation of communities' historic resources, educates tourists and local

Announcing Supercomputer Summit

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wells, Jack; Bland, Buddy; Nichols, Jeff

Summit is the next leap in leadership-class computing systems for open science. With Summit we will be able to address, with greater complexity and higher fidelity, questions concerning who we are, our place on earth, and in our universe. Summit will deliver more than five times the computational performance of Titan’s 18,688 nodes, using only approximately 3,400 nodes when it arrives in 2017. Like Titan, Summit will have a hybrid architecture, and each node will contain multiple IBM POWER9 CPUs and NVIDIA Volta GPUs all connected together with NVIDIA’s high-speed NVLink. Each node will have over half a terabyte ofmore » coherent memory (high bandwidth memory + DDR4) addressable by all CPUs and GPUs plus 800GB of non-volatile RAM that can be used as a burst buffer or as extended memory. To provide a high rate of I/O throughput, the nodes will be connected in a non-blocking fat-tree using a dual-rail Mellanox EDR InfiniBand interconnect. Upon completion, Summit will allow researchers in all fields of science unprecedented access to solving some of the world’s most pressing challenges.« less

Irrigation, risk aversion, and water right priority under water supply uncertainty

PubMed Central

Xu, Wenchao; Rosegrant, Mark W.

2017-01-01

Abstract This paper explores the impacts of a water right's allocative priority—as an indicator of farmers' risk‐bearing ability—on land irrigation under water supply uncertainty. We develop and use an economic model to simulate farmers' land irrigation decision and associated economic returns in eastern Idaho. Results indicate that the optimal acreage of land irrigated increases with water right priority when hydroclimate risk exhibits a negatively skewed or right‐truncated distribution. Simulation results suggest that prior appropriation enables senior water rights holders to allocate a higher proportion of their land to irrigation, 6 times as much as junior rights holders do, creating a gap in the annual expected net revenue reaching up to $141.4 acre−1 or $55,800 per farm between the two groups. The optimal irrigated acreage, expected net revenue, and shadow value of a water right's priority are subject to substantial changes under a changing climate in the future, where temporal variation in water supply risks significantly affects the profitability of agricultural land use under the priority‐based water sharing mechanism. PMID:29200529

The 2015 Chile-U.S. Astronomy Education Outreach Summit in Chile

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Preston, Sandra Lee; Arnett, Dinah; Hardy, Eduardo; Cabezón, Sergio; Spuck, Tim; Fields, Mary Sue; Smith, R. Chris

2015-08-01

The first Chile-U.S. Astronomy Education Outreach Summit occurred March 22-28, 2015. The Summit was organized and supported by the U.S. Embassy in Chile, Associated Universities Inc., Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, the Carnegie Institution for Science, the Image of Chile Foundation, the National Science Foundation, and La Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica. The Summit brought together a team of leading experts and officials from Chile and the U.S. to share best practices in astronomy education and outreach. In addition, Summit participants discussed enhancing existing partnerships, and building new collaborations between U.S. Observatories and astronomy education outreach leaders in Chile.The Summit was an exciting and intense week of work and travel. Discussions opened in Santiago on March 22 with a variety of astronomy education and public outreach work sessions, a public forum, and on March 23 the U.S. Embassy sponsored a Star Party. On Tuesday, March 24, the Summit moved to San Pedro de Atacama, where activities included work sessions, a visit to the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array telescope facilities, and a second public forum. From San Pedro, the team traveled to La Serena for additional work sessions, visits to Gemini and Cerro Tololo, a third public forum, and the closing session. At each stop, authorities and the broader community were invited to participate and provide valuable input on the current state, and the future, of astronomy education and public outreach.Following the Summit a core working committee has continued meeting to draft a “roadmap document” based on findings from the Summit. This document will help to identify potential gaps in astronomy outreach efforts, and how the U.S. facilities and Chilean institutions might work together strategically to address these needs. The first draft of this “roadmap document” will be made available for comment in both Spanish and English in late September 2015.

Campaign gravity results From kilauea volcano, hawaii, 2009-2011

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wilkinson, S. K.; Poland, M. P.; Battaglia, M.

2011-12-01

The gravity and leveling networks at Kilauea's summit caldera consist of approximately 60 benchmarks that are measured with a gravimeter as well as leveled for elevation data. Gravity data were collected in December 2009, June 2010 and March 2011. Elevation data were collected in 2009 and 2010. For the gravity survey completed in March 2011, we use InSAR and GPS data to assess elevation changes at the time of the gravity survey. During December 2009-March 2011, Kilauea's summit was characterized by minor deflation, following trends established in mid-2007. In mid-2010, however, the summit began to inflate, with a rate that increased significantly in October 2010. This inflation was associated with a decrease in the effusion rate from the volcano's east rift zone eruptive vents, suggesting that Kilauea's magma plumbing system was backing up. On March 5, 2011, a 2-km-long fissure eruption began about 3 km west of Pu`u `O`o, causing rapid summit deflation as magma drained from beneath the summit to feed the new eruptive vents. The fissure eruption ended on March 9, at which time the summit began to reinflate. Preliminary analysis of gravity data collected before and after the fissure eruption indicates a complex pattern of mass flow beneath the summit caldera. Net summit deformation was negligible between December 2009 and June 2010, but there is a residual gravity high centered near Halema'uma'u Crater. For the December 2009 to March 2011 time period, the caldera shows net subsidence. A positive residual gravity anomaly is located southeast of Halema'uma'u Crater while a negative residual gravity anomaly exists north of Halema'uma'u Crater. These patterns are somewhat unexpected, given the sudden draining of magma from beneath the summit during the March 5-9 fissure eruption. We conclude that the campaign gravity data were not collected at the optimal times to "catch" this event. Nevertheless, the data can still be used to assess different aspects of Kilauea's magma system.

Antarctic Treaty Summit to Focus on Global Science Policy Lessons

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Berkman, Paul Arthur; Walton, David W. H.; Weiler, C. Susan

2008-10-01

The Antarctic Treaty Summit, which will coincide with the fiftieth anniversary of the treaty's signing, will be held at the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of Natural History, in Washington, D. C., from 30 November to 3 December 2009. The summit will provide an open international forum for scientists, legislators, lawyers, administrators, educators, students, corporate executives, historians, and other members of global civil society to explore science policy achievements from the first 50 years of the Antarctic Treaty. In addition, the summit will complement official government celebrations of the Antarctic Treaty anniversary that do not include public participation.

Winter Camp: A Blog from the Greenland Summit, Part II

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Koenig, Lora

2009-01-01

An earlier issue presents the first half of the author's experience living and working at the National Science Foundation's (NSF) Greenland Summit Camp. The author is a remote-sensing glaciologist at NASA s Goddard Space Flight Center. She took measurements that will be used to validate data collected by NASA s Aqua, Terra, and Ice, Clouds, and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) satellites with ground-truth measurements of the Greenland Ice Sheet she made at Summit Camp from November 2008-February 2009. This article presents excerpts from the second half of her stay and work at the Greenland Summit.

Source, movement and age of groundwater in the upper part of the Mojave River Basin, California, USA

USGS Publications Warehouse

Izbicki, J.A.; Martin, P.; Michel, R.L.

1995-01-01

Water samples from wells were collected and analysed for oxygen-18, deuterium, tritium, carbon-14, and carbon-13 to determine the source, movement and age of groundwater in the upper part of the Mojave River basin. Water in the alluvial aquifer has a median deuterium composition of -66??? and contains tritium, and was recently recharged by water from the Mojave River. Water in the regional aquifer near the Mojave River, near Summit Valley, and underlying several small washes has deuterium compositions heavier than -60???. Although some water in the regional aquifer near the Mojave River contains tritium, most of this water does not contain tritium. Carbon-14 data indicate that this water was recharged less than 2400 years ago. Water in the remainder of the regional aquifer has a median deuterium composition of -84???, which is as much as 20??? lighter than the volume-weighted deuterium composition of present-day precipitation. These data show that this water was recharged under climatic conditions different from average conditions today. Carbon-14 data indicate that some water in the regional aquifer was recharged more than 20 000 years ago.Water samples from wells were collected and analyzed for oxygen-18, deuterium, tritium, carbon-14, and carbon-13 to determine the source, movement and age of groundwater in the upper part of the Mojave River basin. Water in the alluvial aquifer has a median deuterium composition of -66qq and contains tritium, and was recently recharged by water from the Mojave River. Water in the regional aquifer near the Mojave River, near Summit Valley, and underlying several small washes has deuterium compositions heavier than -60qq. Although some water in the regional aquifer near the Mojave River contains tritium, most of this water does not contain tritium. Carbon-14 data indicate that this water was recharged less than 2400 years ago. Water in the remainder of the regional aquifer has a median deuterium composition of -84qq, which is as much as 20qq lighter than the volume-weighted deuterium composition of present-day precipitation. These data show that this water was recharged under climatic conditions different from average conditions today. Carbon-14 data indicate that some water in the regional aquifer was recharged more than 20 000 years ago.

Catalog of Tephra Samples from Kilauea's Summit Eruption, March-December 2008

USGS Publications Warehouse

Wooten, Kelly M.; Thornber, Carl R.; Orr, Tim R.; Ellis, Jennifer F.; Trusdell, Frank A.

2009-01-01

The opening of a new vent within Halema'uma'u Crater in March 2008 ended a 26-year period of no eruptive activity at the summit of Kilauea Volcano. It also heralded the first explosive activity at Kilauea's summit since 1924 and the first of eight discrete explosive events in 2008. At the onset of the eruption, the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) initiated a rigorous program of sample collection to provide a temporally constrained suite of tephra samples for petrographic, geochemical, and isotopic studies. Petrologic studies help us understand conditions of magma generation at depth; processes related to transport, storage, and mixing of magma within the shallow summit region; and specific circumstances leading to explosive eruptions. This report provides a catalog of tephra samples erupted at Kilauea's summit from March 19, 2008, through the end of 2008. The Kilauea 2008 Summit Sample Catalog is tabulated in the accompanying Microsoft Excel file, of2009-1134.xls (four file types linked on right). The worksheet in this file provides sampling information and sample descriptions. Contextual information for this catalog is provided below and includes (1) a narrative of 2008 summit eruptive activity, (2) a description of sample collection methods, (3) a scheme for characterizing a diverse range in tephra lithology, and (4) an explanation of each category of sample information (column headers) in the Microsoft Excel worksheet.

Prioritizing pesticide compounds for analytical methods development

USGS Publications Warehouse

Norman, Julia E.; Kuivila, Kathryn; Nowell, Lisa H.

2012-01-01

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has a periodic need to re-evaluate pesticide compounds in terms of priorities for inclusion in monitoring and studies and, thus, must also assess the current analytical capabilities for pesticide detection. To meet this need, a strategy has been developed to prioritize pesticides and degradates for analytical methods development. Screening procedures were developed to separately prioritize pesticide compounds in water and sediment. The procedures evaluate pesticide compounds in existing USGS analytical methods for water and sediment and compounds for which recent agricultural-use information was available. Measured occurrence (detection frequency and concentrations) in water and sediment, predicted concentrations in water and predicted likelihood of occurrence in sediment, potential toxicity to aquatic life or humans, and priorities of other agencies or organizations, regulatory or otherwise, were considered. Several existing strategies for prioritizing chemicals for various purposes were reviewed, including those that identify and prioritize persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic compounds, and those that determine candidates for future regulation of drinking-water contaminants. The systematic procedures developed and used in this study rely on concepts common to many previously established strategies. The evaluation of pesticide compounds resulted in the classification of compounds into three groups: Tier 1 for high priority compounds, Tier 2 for moderate priority compounds, and Tier 3 for low priority compounds. For water, a total of 247 pesticide compounds were classified as Tier 1 and, thus, are high priority for inclusion in analytical methods for monitoring and studies. Of these, about three-quarters are included in some USGS analytical method; however, many of these compounds are included on research methods that are expensive and for which there are few data on environmental samples. The remaining quarter of Tier 1 compounds are high priority as new analytes. The objective for analytical methods development is to design an integrated analytical strategy that includes as many of the Tier 1 pesticide compounds as possible in a relatively few, cost-effective methods. More than 60 percent of the Tier 1 compounds are high priority because they are anticipated to be present at concentrations approaching levels that could be of concern to human health or aquatic life in surface water or groundwater. An additional 17 percent of Tier 1 compounds were frequently detected in monitoring studies, but either were not measured at levels potentially relevant to humans or aquatic organisms, or do not have benchmarks available with which to compare concentrations. The remaining 21 percent are pesticide degradates that were included because their parent pesticides were in Tier 1. Tier 1 pesticide compounds for water span all major pesticide use groups and a diverse range of chemical classes, with herbicides and their degradates composing half of compounds. Many of the high priority pesticide compounds also are in several national regulatory programs for water, including those that are regulated in drinking water by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under the Safe Drinking Water Act and those that are on the latest Contaminant Candidate List. For sediment, a total of 175 pesticide compounds were classified as Tier 1 and, thus, are high priority for inclusion in analytical methods available for monitoring and studies. More than 60 percent of these compounds are included in some USGS analytical method; however, some are spread across several research methods that are expensive to perform, and monitoring data are not extensive for many compounds. The remaining Tier 1 compounds for sediment are high priority as new analytes. The objective for analytical methods development for sediment is to enhance an existing analytical method that currently includes nearly half of the pesticide compounds in Tier 1 by adding as many additional Tier 1 compounds as are analytically compatible. About 35 percent of the Tier 1 compounds for sediment are high priority on the basis of measured occurrence. A total of 74 compounds, or 42 percent, are high priority on the basis of predicted likelihood of occurrence according to physical-chemical properties, and either have potential toxicity to aquatic life, high pesticide useage, or both. The remaining 22 percent of Tier 1 pesticide compounds were either degradates of Tier 1 parent compounds or included for other reasons. As with water, the Tier 1 pesticide compounds for sediment are distributed across the major pesticide-use groups; insecticides and their degradates are the largest fraction, making up 45 percent of Tier 1. In contrast to water, organochlorines, at 17 percent, are the largest chemical class for Tier 1 in sediment, which is to be expected because there is continued widespread detection in sediments of persistent organochlorine pesticides and their degradates at concentrations high enough for potential effects on aquatic life. Compared to water, there are fewer available benchmarks with which to compare contaminant concentrations in sediment, but a total of 19 Tier 1 compounds have at least one sediment benchmark or screening value for aquatic organisms. Of the 175 compounds in Tier 1, 77 percent have high aquatic-life toxicity, as defined for this process. This evaluation of pesticides and degradates resulted in two lists of compounds that are priorities for USGS analytical methods development, one for water and one for sediment. These lists will be used as the basis for redesigning and enhancing USGS analytical capabilities for pesticides in order to capture as many high-priority pesticide compounds as possible using an economically feasible approach.

Drought Water Right Curtailment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Walker, W.; Tweet, A.; Magnuson-Skeels, B.; Whittington, C.; Arnold, B.; Lund, J. R.

2016-12-01

California's water rights system allocates water based on priority, where lower priority, "junior" rights are curtailed first in a drought. The Drought Water Rights Allocation Tool (DWRAT) was developed to integrate water right allocation models with legal objectives to suggest water rights curtailments during drought. DWRAT incorporates water right use and priorities with a flow-forecasting model to mathematically represent water law and hydrology and suggest water allocations among water rights holders. DWRAT is compiled within an Excel workbook, with an interface and an open-source solver. By implementing California water rights law as an algorithm, DWRAT provides a precise and transparent framework for the complicated and often controversial technical aspects of curtailing water rights use during drought. DWRAT models have been developed for use in the Eel, Russian, and Sacramento river basins. In this study, an initial DWRAT model has been developed for the San Joaquin watershed, which incorporates all water rights holders in the basin and reference gage flows for major tributaries. The San Joaquin DWRAT can assess water allocation reliability by determining probability of rights holders' curtailment for a range of hydrologic conditions. Forecasted flow values can be input to the model to provide decision makers with the ability to make curtailment and water supply strategy decisions. Environmental flow allocations will be further integrated into the model to protect and improve ecosystem water reliability.

A Clean Energy Roadmap: Forging the Path Ahead

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation, 2010

2010-01-01

In 2010, the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation co-convened three cross-sector summits to develop recommendations for growing energy innovation in the United States. The first summit was held in Washington, D.C., on May 7, 2010, in partnership with the White House. Gallup and the city of Omaha, Nebraska, hosted the second summit on June 16, 2010,…

Howard's End: A Narrative Memoir of Political Contrivance, Neoconservative Ideology and the Australian History Curriculum

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Taylor, Tony

2009-01-01

In August 2006, Australia's conservative prime minister John Howard convened a history summit in Canberra. The purported goal of the summit was the framing of a nationally-acceptable curriculum in Australian history. However, as this article suggests, Howard's hidden intention was to use the summit as a device for introducing a narrowly…

27 CFR 9.49 - Central Delaware Valley.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... starting point of the following boundary description is the summit of Strawberry Hill, which is located in.... (2) Boundary Description: (i) From the summit of Strawberry Hill (475 feet) in a straight line to the... summit of Strawberry Hill (475 feet). [T.D. ATF-168, 49 FR 10117, Mar. 19, 1984, as amended by T.D. ATF...

27 CFR 9.49 - Central Delaware Valley.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... starting point of the following boundary description is the summit of Strawberry Hill, which is located in.... (2) Boundary Description: (i) From the summit of Strawberry Hill (475 feet) in a straight line to the... summit of Strawberry Hill (475 feet). [T.D. ATF-168, 49 FR 10117, Mar. 19, 1984, as amended by T.D. ATF...

27 CFR 9.49 - Central Delaware Valley.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... starting point of the following boundary description is the summit of Strawberry Hill, which is located in.... (2) Boundary Description: (i) From the summit of Strawberry Hill (475 feet) in a straight line to the... summit of Strawberry Hill (475 feet). [T.D. ATF-168, 49 FR 10117, Mar. 19, 1984, as amended by T.D. ATF...

27 CFR 9.49 - Central Delaware Valley.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... starting point of the following boundary description is the summit of Strawberry Hill, which is located in.... (2) Boundary Description: (i) From the summit of Strawberry Hill (475 feet) in a straight line to the... summit of Strawberry Hill (475 feet). [T.D. ATF-168, 49 FR 10117, Mar. 19, 1984, as amended by T.D. ATF...

We the Children: Meeting the Promises of the World Summit for Children.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Annan, Kofi A.

This abridged version of the Secretary-General's report to the United Nations General Assembly's Special Session on Children details the achievements of the 1990 World Summit for Children. Nearly 150 countries provided national progress reports of their implementation of goals set forth in the Summit and the 1989 Convention on the Rights of the…

A Bold New Math Class

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Khan, Salman; Slavitt, Elizabeth

2013-01-01

Summit San Jose is part of the Summit Public Schools network, a group of charter schools in California's Bay Area. In 2011, when Summit San Jose first opened its new high school with a cohort of 9th graders, the teachers decided to pilot Khan Academy. At the time, they had piloted their math resources and platform with five classrooms in Los…

2016 Personalized Learning & Student Success Summit: Summary from the NMC

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

New Media Consortium, 2016

2016-01-01

The New Media Consortium (NMC) hosted the Personalized Learning & Student Success Summit at SXSWedu on March 7-9 in Austin, Texas. The summit convened grantees and partners of the Postsecondary Strategy at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and served as a call-to-action for education leaders to first imagine if and then commit to trying…

Community Colleges in the Evolving STEM Education Landscape: Summary of a Summit

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Olson, Steve; Labov, Jay B.

2012-01-01

The National Research Council (NRC) and National Academy of Engineering (NAE) have released a new report, "Community Colleges in the Evolving STEM Education Landscape: Summary of a Summit." Based on a national summit that was supported by the National Science Foundation and organized by the NRC and the NAE, the report highlights the importance of…

ORA User’s Guide 2008

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-07-01

12 10 Stargate - Summit - Synopsis...Applications 13 10 Stargate - Summit - Synopsis 10.1 Story Background The data for this scenario is based on the Sci-Fi tv show, Stargate SG-1 and...all of the head Gou’ald in one fell swoop by inflitrating a summit and poisoning them all simultanously. With the help of Stargate Command and the

It's Not a Matter of Time: Highlights from the 2011 Competency-Based Summit

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sturgis, Chris; Patrick, Susan; Pittenger, Linda

2011-01-01

From Anchorage, Alaska, to Orlando, Florida, and from Gray, Maine, to Yuma, Arizona, one hundred competency-based innovators gathered at the Competency-Based Learning Summit in March 2011. Sponsored by the Council of Chief State School Officers (CCSSO) and the International Association for K-12 Online Learning (iNACOL), the Summit was developed in…

Communicating the Emerging Roles of Librarians to Teachers through a Collaborative K-12 and Higher Education Partnership

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schroeder, Eileen E.; Fisher, Stacy

2015-01-01

In 2010 the Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction (DPI) responded to rapid changes in school libraries by convening the "Wisconsin School Library Summit: Envisioning 21st Century Learners and School Library Media Programs." Summit participants discussed the future of school libraries in Wisconsin. During the summit, several…

27 CFR 9.49 - Central Delaware Valley.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... starting point of the following boundary description is the summit of Strawberry Hill, which is located in.... (2) Boundary Description: (i) From the summit of Strawberry Hill (475 feet) in a straight line to the... summit of Strawberry Hill (475 feet). [T.D. ATF-168, 49 FR 10117, Mar. 19, 1984, as amended by T.D. ATF...

Test Equity for Individuals Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing. PEPNet Test Equity Summit

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

PEPNet-West, 2010

2010-01-01

This paper presents the highlights of the 2008 Test Equity Summit held in Bloomfield, Colorado last August 6-8, 2008. The 2008 Test Equity Summit convened by the Postsecondary Education Programs Network (PEPNet) identified and examined problems, challenges, and issues that academic and psychoeducational tests pose for individuals who are deaf or…

Mt. Whitney: determinants of summit success and acute mountain sickness.

PubMed

Wagner, Dale R; D'Zatko, Kim; Tatsugawa, Kevin; Murray, Ken; Parker, Daryl; Streeper, Tim; Willard, Kevin

2008-10-01

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of summit success and acute mountain sickness (AMS) on Mt. Whitney (4419 m) and to identify variables that contribute to both. Hikers (N = 886) attempting the summit were interviewed at the trailhead upon their descent. Questionnaires included demographic and descriptive data, acclimatization and altitude history, and information specific to the ascent. The Lake Louise Self-Assessment Score was used to make a determination about the occurrence of AMS. Logistic regression techniques were used to calculate odds ratios (OR) for AMS and summit success. Forty-three percent of the sample met the criteria for AMS, and 81% reached the summit. The odds of experiencing AMS were reduced with increases in age (adjusted 10-yr OR = 0.78; P < 0.001), number of hours spent above 3000 m in the 2 wk preceding the ascent (adjusted 24-h OR = 0.71; P < 0.001), and for females (OR = 0.68; P = 0.02). Climbers who had a history of AMS (OR = 1.41; P = 0.02) and those taking analgesics (OR = 2.39; P < 0.001) were more likely to experience AMS. As climber age increased, the odds of reaching the summit decreased (adjusted 10-yr OR = 0.75; P < 0.001). However, increases in the number of hours per week spent training (adjusted 5-h OR = 1.24; P = 0.05), rate of ascent (adjusted 50 m x h(-1) OR = 1.13; P = 0.04), and previous high-altitude record (adjusted 500 m OR = 1.26; P < 0.001) were all associated with increased odds for summit success. A high percentage of trekkers reached the summit despite having symptoms of AMS.

Implications for eruptive processes as indicated by sulfur dioxide emissions from Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i, 1979-1997

USGS Publications Warehouse

Sutton, A.J.; Elias, T.; Gerlach, T.M.; Stokes, J.B.

2001-01-01

Kı̄lauea Volcano, Hawai‘i, currently hosts the longest running SO2 emission-rate data set on the planet, starting with initial surveys done in 1975 by Stoiber and his colleagues. The 17.5-year record of summit emissions, starting in 1979, shows the effects of summit and east rift eruptive processes, which define seven distinctly different periods of SO2 release. Summit emissions jumped nearly 40% with the onset (3 January 1983) of the Pu`u `Ō`ō-Kūpaianaha eruption on the east rift zone (ERZ). Summit SO2 emissions from Kı̄lauea showed a strong positive correlation with short-period, shallow, caldera events, rather than with long-period seismicity as in more silicious systems. This correlation suggests a maturation process in the summit magma-transport system from 1986 through 1993. During a steady-state throughput-equilibrium interval of the summit magma reservoir, integration of summit-caldera and ERZ SO2 emissions reveals an undegassed volume rate of effusion of 2.1×105 m3/d. This value corroborates the volume-rate determined by geophysical methods, demonstrating that, for Kı̄lauea, SO2 emission rates can be used to monitor effusion rate, supporting and supplementing other, more established geophysical methods. For the 17.5 years of continuous emission rate records at Kı̄lauea, the volcano has released 9.7×106 t (metric tonnes) of SO2, 1.7×106 t from the summit and 8.0×106 t from the east rift zone. On an annual basis, the average SO2 release from Kı̄lauea is 4.6×105 t/y, compared to the global annual volcanic emission rate of 1.2×107 t/y.

Spatiotemporal model of Kīlauea's summit magmatic system inferred from InSAR time series and geometry-free time-dependent source inversion

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhai, Guang; Shirzaei, Manoochehr

2016-07-01

Kīlauea volcano, Hawai`i Island, has a complex magmatic system including summit reservoirs and rift zones. Kinematic models of the summit reservoir have so far been limited to first-order analytical solutions with predetermined geometry. To explore the complex geometry and kinematics of the summit reservoir, we apply a multitrack wavelet-based InSAR (interferometric synthetic aperture radar) algorithm and a novel geometry-free time-dependent modeling scheme. To map spatiotemporally distributed surface deformation signals over Kīlauea's summit, we process synthetic aperture radar data sets from two overlapping tracks of the Envisat satellite, including 100 images during the period 2003-2010. Following validation against Global Positioning System data, we invert the surface deformation time series to constrain the spatiotemporal evolution of the magmatic system without any prior knowledge of the source geometry. The optimum model is characterized by a spheroidal and a tube-like zone of volume change beneath the summit and the southwest rift zone at 2-3 km depth, respectively. To reduce the model dimension, we apply a principal component analysis scheme, which allows for the identification of independent reservoirs. The first three PCs, explaining 99% (63.8%, 28.5%, and 6.6%, respectively) of the model, include six independent reservoirs with a complex interaction suggested by temporal analysis. The data and model presented here, in agreement with earlier studies, improve the understanding of Kīlauea's plumbing system through enhancing the knowledge of temporally variable magma supply, storage, and transport beneath the summit, and verify the link between summit magmatic activity, seismicity, and rift intrusions.

Internet-Delivered Disease Management for Recurrent Depression: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.

PubMed

Kordy, Hans; Wolf, Markus; Aulich, Kai; Bürgy, Martin; Hegerl, Ulrich; Hüsing, Johannes; Puschner, Bernd; Rummel-Kluge, Christine; Vedder, Helmut; Backenstrass, Matthias

2016-01-01

Strategies to improve the life of patients suffering from recurrent major depression have a high relevance. This study examined the efficacy of 2 Internet-delivered augmentation strategies that aim to prolong symptom-free intervals. Efficacy was tested in a 3-arm, multicenter, open-label, evaluator-blind, randomized controlled trial. Upon discharge from inpatient mental health care, 232 adults with 3 or more major depressive episodes were randomized to 1 of 2 intervention groups (SUMMIT or SUMMIT-PERSON) or to treatment as usual (TAU) alone. Over 12 months, participants in both intervention arms received, in addition to TAU, intense monitoring via e-mail or a smartphone, including signaling of upcoming crises, assistance with personal crisis management, and facilitation of early intervention. SUMMIT-PERSON additionally offered regular expert chats. The primary outcome was 'well weeks', i.e. weeks with at most mild symptoms assessed by the Longitudinal Interval Follow-Up Evaluation, during 24 months after the index treatment. SUMMIT compared to TAU reduced the time with an unwell status (OR 0.48; 95% CI 0.23-0.98) through faster transitions from unwell to well (OR 1.44; 95% CI 0.83-2.50) and slower transitions from well to unwell (OR 0.69; 95% CI 0.44-1.09). Contrary to the hypothesis, SUMMIT-PERSON was not superior to either SUMMIT (OR 0.77; 95% CI 0.38-1.56) or TAU (OR 0.62; 95% CI 0.31-1.24). The efficacy of SUMMIT was strongest 8 months after the intervention. The fully automated Internet-delivered augmentation strategy SUMMIT has the potential to improve TAU by reducing the lifelong burden of patients with recurrent depression. The fact that the effects wear off suggests a time-unlimited extension. © 2016 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Route study of the proposed Western Divide highway between Greenhorn Summit and South Boundary of Sequoia National Park, Sequoia National Forest, and proposed extension to Giant Forest in Sequoia National Park Kern and Tulare counties, California.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1935-08-01

For a number of years there has been administrative need for a connected system of roads in Sequoia National Forest along the ridge which separates Kern River and San Joaquin Valley water-sheds. Some development roads, or rather truck trails, have al...

7 CFR 1778.7 - Project priority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... shortage. Grants made in accordance with § 1778.11(b) of this part to assist an established water system remedy an acute shortage of quality water or correct a significant decline in the quantity or quality of... 7 Agriculture 12 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Project priority. 1778.7 Section 1778.7 Agriculture...

40 CFR 35.915-1 - Reserves related to the project priority list.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... § 35.908(b)(1)) for construction projects which use innovative or alternative waste water treatment... AND OTHER FEDERAL ASSISTANCE STATE AND LOCAL ASSISTANCE Grants for Construction of Treatment Works-Clean Water Act § 35.915-1 Reserves related to the project priority list. In developing the fundable...

40 CFR 35.915-1 - Reserves related to the project priority list.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... § 35.908(b)(1)) for construction projects which use innovative or alternative waste water treatment... AND OTHER FEDERAL ASSISTANCE STATE AND LOCAL ASSISTANCE Grants for Construction of Treatment Works-Clean Water Act § 35.915-1 Reserves related to the project priority list. In developing the fundable...

76 FR 57702 - National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan National Priorities List

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-16

... and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan National Priorities List AGENCY: Environmental... INFORMATION: List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 300 Environmental protection, Air pollution control, Chemicals... requirements, Superfund, Water pollution control, Water supply. Authority: 33 U.S.C. 1321(c)(2); 42 U.S.C. 9601...

76 FR 57701 - National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan; National Priorities List

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-16

... and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan; National Priorities List AGENCY: Environmental... INFORMATION: List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 300 Environmental protection, Air pollution control, Chemicals... requirements, Superfund, Water pollution control, Water supply. Authority: 33 U.S.C. 1321(c)(2); 42 U.S.C. 9601...

76 FR 57661 - National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan; National Priorities List

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-16

... and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan; National Priorities List AGENCY: Environmental... INFORMATION: List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 300 Environmental protection, Air pollution control, Chemicals... requirements, Superfund, Water pollution control, Water supply. Authority: 33 U.S.C. 1321(c)(2); 42 U.S.C. 9601...

76 FR 49397 - National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan; National Priorities List...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-10

... requirements, Superfund, Water pollution control, Water supply. Authority: 33 U.S.C. 1321(c)(2); 42 U.S.C. 9601... and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan; National Priorities List: Deletion of the... Substances Pollution Contingency Plan (NCP). The EPA and the State of Utah, through the Utah Department of...

75 FR 27255 - National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan; National Priorities List...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-14

... requirements, Superfund, Water pollution control, Water supply. Authority: 33 U.S.C. 1321(c)(2); 42 U.S.C. 9601... and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan; National Priorities List: Intent to Delete the..., as amended, is an appendix of the National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan...

76 FR 71500 - National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan National Priorities List...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-18

... requirements, Superfund, Water pollution control, Water Supply. Authority: 33 U.S.C. 1321(c)(2); 42 U.S.C. 9601... and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan National Priorities List: Deletion of the Martin... appendix of the National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan (NCP). EPA, with the...

Thermal areas on Kilauea and Mauna Loa Volcanoes, Hawaii

USGS Publications Warehouse

Casadevall, Thomas J.; Hazlett, Richard W.

1983-01-01

Active thermal areas are concentrated in three areas on Mauna Loa and three areas on Kilauea. High-temperature fumaroles (115-362°C) on Mauna Loa are restricted to the summit caldera, whereas high-temperature fumaroles on Kilauea are found in the upper East Rift Zone (Mauna Ulu summit fumaroles, 562°C), middle East Rift Zone (1977 eruptive fissure fumaroles), and in the summit caldera. Solfataric activity that has continued for several decades occurs along border faults of Kilauea caldera and at Sulphur Cone on the southwest rift zone of Mauna Loa. Solfataras that are only a few years old occur along recently active eruptive fissures in the summit caldera and along the rift zones of Kilauea. Steam vents and hot-air cracks also occur at the edges of cooling lava ponds, on the summits of lava shields, along faults and graben fractures, and in diffuse patches that may reflect shallow magmatic intrusions.

Magma degassing triggered by static decompression at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i

USGS Publications Warehouse

Poland, Michael P.; Jeff, Sutton A.; Gerlach, Terrence M.

2009-01-01

During mid-June 2007, the summit of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i, deflated rapidly as magma drained from the subsurface to feed an east rift zone intrusion and eruption. Coincident with the deflation, summit SO2 emission rates rose by a factor of four before decaying to background levels over several weeks. We propose that SO2 release was triggered by static decompression caused by magma withdrawal from Kīlauea's shallow summit reservoir. Models of the deflation suggest a pressure drop of 0.5–3 MPa, which is sufficient to trigger exsolution of the observed excess SO2 from a relatively small volume of magma at the modeled source depth beneath Kīlauea's summit. Static decompression may also explain other episodes of deflation accompanied by heightened gas emission, including the precursory phases of Kīlauea's 2008 summit eruption. Hazards associated with unexpected volcanic gas emission argue for increased awareness of magma reservoir pressure fluctuations.

Investigating Mars: Arsia Mons

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-12-28

This VIS image shows part of the northwestern margin of the summit caldera. Along with the faults caused by the collapse of the summit materials into the void of the emptied magma chamber, there are many small lobate lava flows and collapse features. The scalloped depressions are most likely created by collapse of the roof of lava tubes. Lava tubes originate during eruption event, when the margins of a flow harden around a still flowing lava stream. When an eruption ends these can become hollow tubes within the flow. With time, the roof of the tube may collapse into the empty space below. The tubes are linear, so the collapse of the roof creates a linear depression. This image illustrates the many processes that occurred in the formation of the volcano. Arsia Mons is the southernmost of the Tharsis volcanoes. It is 270 miles (450km) in diameter, almost 12 miles (20km) high, and the summit caldera is 72 miles (120km) wide. For comparison, the largest volcano on Earth is Mauna Loa. From its base on the sea floor, Mauna Loa measures only 6.3 miles high and 75 miles in diameter. A large volcanic crater known as a caldera is located at the summit of all of the Tharsis volcanoes. These calderas are produced by massive volcanic explosions and collapse. The Arsia Mons summit caldera is larger than many volcanoes on Earth. The Odyssey spacecraft has spent over 15 years in orbit around Mars, circling the planet more than 69000 times. It holds the record for longest working spacecraft at Mars. THEMIS, the IR/VIS camera system, has collected data for the entire mission and provides images covering all seasons and lighting conditions. Over the years many features of interest have received repeated imaging, building up a suite of images covering the entire feature. From the deepest chasma to the tallest volcano, individual dunes inside craters and dune fields that encircle the north pole, channels carved by water and lava, and a variety of other feature, THEMIS has imaged them all. For the next several months the image of the day will focus on the Tharsis volcanoes, the various chasmata of Valles Marineris, and the major dunes fields. We hope you enjoy these images! Orbit Number: 17117 Latitude: -8.43321 Longitude: 239.488 Instrument: VIS Captured: 2005-10-23 16:52 https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA22153

The 2012-2016 eruptive cycle at Copahue volcano (Argentina) versus the peripheral gas manifestations: hints from the chemical and isotopic features of fumarolic fluids

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tassi, F.; Agusto, M.; Lamberti, C.; Caselli, A. T.; Pecoraino, G.; Caponi, C.; Szentiványi, J.; Venturi, S.; Vaselli, O.

2017-10-01

This study presents the chemical and isotopic compositions of hydrothermal gases from fumaroles discharging around Copahue volcano (Argentina). Gas samples, including those from two fumaroles at the active summit crater, were collected during 13 surveys carried out by different research teams from 1976 to February 2016. The time-series of H2, CO and light hydrocarbons showed episodic increases related to the main events of the last eruptive cycle that started on 19 July 2012. Concentration peaks were likely caused by enhanced input of hot magmatic fluids affecting the hydrothermal reservoir. These data contrast with the temporal variations shown by Rc/ Ra and δ13C-CO2 values in 2012-2014, which indicated an increasing input from a crustal fluid source. In 2015-2016, however, these isotopic parameters showed opposite trends; their composition became closer to that of the two summit fumaroles, which possibly corresponds to that of the deep magmatic-related end-member. The delayed and reduced compositional changes in the peripheral hydrothermal fluid discharge in response to the 2012-2016 eruptive events suggest that geochemical surveys of these emissions are unlikely to provide premonitory signals of volcanic unrest if the volcanic activity remains centered in the main crater. Instead, an instrument which is able to provide measurements of volcanic gases in the air (e.g. MultiGAS) may be used to detect changes at the summit crater. Otherwise, monitoring of seismic activity and ground deformation, as well as the periodic measurement of the chemistry of the water in the Rio Agrio, which is fed by thermal discharge from the summit crater, seem to represent the most reliable means of monitoring at Copahue. However, the relative compositional stability of the hydrothermal reservoir is a great advantage in terms of geothermal resource exploitation and could encourage new investments in the Copahue geothermal project which was abandoned in the 1990s.

Temporal variations of radon concentration in the saturated soil of Alpine grassland: the role of groundwater flow.

PubMed

Perrier, Frédéric; Richon, Patrick; Sabroux, Jean-Christophe

2009-03-15

Radon concentration has been monitored from 1995 to 1999 in the soil of the Sur-Frêtes ridge (French Alps), covered with snow from November to April. Measurements were performed at 70 cm depth, with a sampling time of 1 h, at two points: the summit of the ridge, at an altitude of 1792 m, and the bottom of the ridge, at an altitude of 1590 m. On the summit, radon concentration shows a moderate seasonal variation, with a high value from October to April (winter), and a low value from May to September (summer). At the bottom of the ridge, a large and opposite seasonal variation is observed, with a low value in winter and a high value in summer. Fluctuations of the radon concentration seem to be associated with temperature variations, an effect which is largely delusory. Indeed, these variations are actually due to water infiltration. A simplified mixing model is used to show that, at the summit of the ridge, two effects compete in the radon response: a slow infiltration response, rich in radon, with a typical time scale of days, and a fast infiltration of radon-poor rainwater. At the bottom of the ridge, similarly, two groundwater contributions compete: one slow infiltration response, similar to the response seen at the summit, and an additional slower response, with a typical time scale of about a month. This second slower response can be interpreted as the aquifer discharge in response to snow melt. This study shows that, while caution is necessary to properly interpret the various effects, the temporal variations of the radon concentration in soil can be understood reasonably well, and appear to be a sensitive tool to study the subtle interplay of near surface transfer processes of groundwater with different transit times.

The glaciovolcanic evolution of an andesitic edifice, South Crater, Tongariro volcano, New Zealand

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cole, R. P.; White, J. D. L.; Conway, C. E.; Leonard, G. S.; Townsend, D. B.; Pure, L. R.

2018-02-01

Unusual deposits, mapped and logged in detail, around the summit area of Tongariro volcano, Tongariro Volcanic Centre, New Zealand indicate that the construction and evolution of a substantial portion of this andesitic stratovolcano was beneath a significant ice cap or summit glacier. As the edifice was built under and through the overlying ice, the style of volcanism evolved in a complex history of growth. Initially, a ≥ 100 m thick, widespread hyaloclastite deposit was emplaced within a subglacial, eruption-formed meltwater lake. This was followed by several phases of effusive and explosive eruptions, producing lava flows and primary volcaniclastic deposits emplaced along channels carved into the ice by heated meltwater. The clastic deposits contain quenched bombs and structural features that indicate waterlain transport and emplacement, and soft sediment deformation. Such accumulation of water on a steep-sided edifice without evidence for a subaerial crater lake, along with lava flow features indicating confinement, suggest that a substantial summit glacier was responsible for the production and retention of water, and the architecture of these deposits. Recent studies at nearby Ruapehu volcano have provided good evidence for glaciovolcanic interactions during the last glacial period. However, until now, little was known of the physical lava-ice interactions in the Centre during the last interglacial period and the earlier part of the last glacial period (110-64 ka). These new data support a reinterpretation for the volcanic evolution of the older Tongariro edifice and the emplacement mechanisms of primary volcaniclastic deposits. They also help to constrain local ice thicknesses and extents at the times of eruption. In addition, this study contributes to a sparse global catalogue of glaciovolcanic deposits of andesitic composition, particularly of primary volcaniclastics preserved at mid-latitude stratovolcanoes. The variety of deposit types indicates a volcano building and evolving with glaciation and is an outstanding example of the types of glaciovolcanic interaction that can occur at one volcano.

Accordant summit heights, summit levels and the origin of the ``upper denudation level'' in the Serra do Mar (SE-Brazil, São Paulo): A study of hillslope forms and processes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Römer, Wolfgang

2008-08-01

In southern São Paulo the Serra do Mar is characterized by three distinct terrain types: 1) highly dissected areas with closely spaced ridges and accordant summit heights; 2) multiconvex hills; and 3) terrains with highly elevated watershed areas, irregular summit heights, and locally subdued relief. The development of this landscape is considered to be the result of the Cenozoic block-faulting and of the influences that are exerted by the differing lithological and structural setting of block-faulted compartments on weathering and erosion processes. In areas characterized by pronounced accordant summits the close coincidence between hillslope angle and the angle of limiting stability against landsliding points to a close adjustment of hillslope gradients and the mechanical properties of the regolith. The relative height of the hillslopes is functionally related to the spacing of the valleys and the gradient of the hillslopes. In areas with a regular spacing of v-shaped valleys and uniform rocks, this leads to the intersection of valley-side slopes in summits and ridges at a certain elevation. This elevation is determined by the length and steepness of the valley-side slopes. Therefore, the heights of the summits are geometrically constrained and are likely to indicate the upper limit of summit heights or an "upper denudation level" that is adjusted by hillslope processes to the incising streams. Accordant summit heights of this type are poor indicators of formerly more extensive denudation surfaces as it is also likely that they are a result of the long-term adjustment of hillslopes to river incision. The steep mountain flanks of block-faulted compartments on the other hand, comprise regolith-covered hillslopes that are closely adjusted to the maximum stable gradient as well as rock-slopes that are controlled by the rock-mass strength. Their summits are usually not accommodated into uniform summit levels. Highly elevated watershed areas exhibiting a subdued relief are detached from the base level response. On granitoid rocks these areas are often characterized by the rocky hills and domal rock outcrops. However, differences in the elevation of interfluves and summits between rocks of differing resistance and in the elevation of lithologically distinct individual fault-blocks imply that long-term weathering and erosion has transformed and lowered these landscapes. Therefore, these areas cannot be interpreted as a remnant of a pre-uplift topography and it appears to be unlikely that the height of the summits correlates with formerly more widespread planation surfaces in the far hinterland. The studies indicate that concepts such as the parallel retreat of hillslopes cannot account for the observed differences in the landscape. It is suggested that the Serra do Mar is consumed from the Atlantic and the inland side by spatially non-uniform developmental states. These states are determined by local differences in the coupling and distance to the regional base level and sea-level or are due to lithological and structural controls between and within the block-faulted compartments.

[Experience of the implementation of the method of the integral assessment of drinking water on indicators of chemical harmlessness in St. Petersburg].

PubMed

Mel'tser, A V; Erastova, N V; Kiselev, A V

2013-01-01

Providing population with quality drinking water--one of the priority tasks of the state policy aimed at maintaining the health of citizens. Hygienic rating of the drinking water quality envisages requirements to assurance its safety in the epidemiological and radiation relations, harmlessness of chemical composition and good organoleptic properties. There are numerous data proving the relationship between the chemical composition of drinking water and human health, and therefore the issue of taking a hygienically sound measures to improve the efficiency of water treatment has more and more priority. High water quality--the result of complex solution of tasks, including an integral approach to assessment of the quality of drinking water the use of hygienically sound decisions in the modernization of water treatment systems. The results of the integral assessment of drinking water on the properties of harmlessness have shown its actuality in the development and implementation of management decisions. The use of the spatial characteristics of integrated indices permits to visualize changes in the quality of drinking water in all stages of production and transportation from the position of health risks, evaluate the effectiveness of technological solutions and set priorities for investing.

How Well Has NCLB Worked? How Do We Get the Revisions We Want?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lewis, Anne C.

2007-01-01

In this article, the author presents a description of Phi Delta Kappa International's 2006 Summit on Public Education. The 2006 Summit opened with a stimulating panel discussion on the hottest topic in education--the No Child Left Behind Act. The Summit's emphasis on NCLB had a clear purpose--to stimulate their members to become involved in the…

Supporting and Staffing High-Needs Schools: Recommendations from South Carolina's National Board Certified Teachers[R

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Berry, Barnett; Rasberry, Melissa; Byrd, Ann

2007-01-01

On August 5, 2006, more than 300 South Carolina National Board Certified Teachers[R] (NBCTs) assembled in Columbia at a policy summit to address the vexing problem of recruiting and retaining accomplished teachers in high-needs schools. Before this summit, the NBCTs read a number of background papers and research summaries. During the summit, they…

76 FR 550 - Second National Bed Bug Summit; Notice of Public Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-05

... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY [EPA-HQ-OPP-2009-0190; FRL-8858-4] Second National Bed Bug Summit... planning the second National Bed Bug Summit to be held February 1 and 2, 2011, on the topic of the bed bug resurgence in the United States. The goal of this meeting is to review the current bed bug problem and...

Defense.gov - Special Report - Travels With Gates

Science.gov Websites

/Photos Leaders DoD Web Sites Contact Us Shangri-La Dialogue: Asia Security Summit Alaska Visit – June Shangri-La Dialogue on Asia Security Summit, Singapore, May 30, 2009. DoD photo by U.S. Air Force Master Robert M. Gates opened the “Shangri-La Dialogue” Asia security summit outlining broad security issues

76 FR 47596 - Notice of Scientific Summit; The Science of Compassion-Future Directions in End-of-Life and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-05

...; The Science of Compassion--Future Directions in End-of-Life and Palliative Care SUMMARY: Notice is... science at the end-of-life. On August 11-12, the summit will feature keynote presentations, three plenary...), Department of Health and Human Services, will convene a scientific summit titled ``The Science of Compassion...

National Summit on Economic & Financial Literacy (Washington, DC, March 3, 2005). Executive Summary

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Economic Education (NJ3), 2005

2005-01-01

On March 3, 2005, a gathering of policy-shapers, thought-leaders and decision-makers met for The National Summit on Economic and Financial Literacy to promote the benefits of economic and financial literacy to individuals, families, businesses and communities. The ultimate goal of the Summit was to ensure that everyone has the real-life skills…

Winter Camp: A Blog from the Greenland Summit

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Koenig, Lora

2009-01-01

This article presents the first half of the author's experience living and working at the National Science Foundation's (NSF) Greenland Summit Camp. The author is a remote-sensing glaciologist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. She took measurements that will be used to validate data collected by NASA s Aqua, Terra, and Ice, Clouds, and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) satellites with ground-truth measurements of the Greenland Ice Sheet she made at Summit Camp from November 2008-February 2009. This article presents excerpts from the second half of her stay and work at the Greenland Summit. The second half of the story is presented in another issue of this journal

Announcing Supercomputer Summit

ScienceCinema

Wells, Jack; Bland, Buddy; Nichols, Jeff; Hack, Jim; Foertter, Fernanda; Hagen, Gaute; Maier, Thomas; Ashfaq, Moetasim; Messer, Bronson; Parete-Koon, Suzanne

2018-01-16

Summit is the next leap in leadership-class computing systems for open science. With Summit we will be able to address, with greater complexity and higher fidelity, questions concerning who we are, our place on earth, and in our universe. Summit will deliver more than five times the computational performance of Titan’s 18,688 nodes, using only approximately 3,400 nodes when it arrives in 2017. Like Titan, Summit will have a hybrid architecture, and each node will contain multiple IBM POWER9 CPUs and NVIDIA Volta GPUs all connected together with NVIDIA’s high-speed NVLink. Each node will have over half a terabyte of coherent memory (high bandwidth memory + DDR4) addressable by all CPUs and GPUs plus 800GB of non-volatile RAM that can be used as a burst buffer or as extended memory. To provide a high rate of I/O throughput, the nodes will be connected in a non-blocking fat-tree using a dual-rail Mellanox EDR InfiniBand interconnect. Upon completion, Summit will allow researchers in all fields of science unprecedented access to solving some of the world’s most pressing challenges.

Improving Health, Social Welfare, and Human Development Through Women’s Empowerment in Developing Countries: The 2016 Girl Up Leadership Summit, Washington, DC, USA

PubMed Central

Mendoza, Janel

2016-01-01

The United Nations Foundation’s Girl Up campaign, an initiative dedicated to promoting the health, education, and leadership of adolescent girls in developing communities around the world, hosted its annual Girl Up Leadership Summit in Washington, DC from July 11-13, 2016. The summit welcomed more than 275 girl empowerment and women empowerment proponents to take part in leadership training, listen to and learn from influential figures like United Nations Deputy High Commissioner for Human Rights Kate Gilmore and Treasurer of the United States Rosie Rios, as well as engage in an official lobby day in the nation’s capital. Topics discussed at the summit ranged from the issue of child marriage and sexual and reproductive health rights to intersectional feminism and the importance of the next generation of global girl advocates. The purpose and, later on, achievement of the conference was the development of such leaders and Girl Up representatives. Summit attendee and Girl Up Campus Leader Janel Mendoza shares her experience as a longstanding Girl Up supporter and reflects on the preeminent conversations held during and following the summit. PMID:28058195

Improving Health, Social Welfare, and Human Development Through Women's Empowerment in Developing Countries: The 2016 Girl Up Leadership Summit, Washington, DC, USA.

PubMed

Mendoza, Janel

2016-01-01

The United Nations Foundation's Girl Up campaign, an initiative dedicated to promoting the health, education, and leadership of adolescent girls in developing communities around the world, hosted its annual Girl Up Leadership Summit in Washington, DC from July 11-13, 2016. The summit welcomed more than 275 girl empowerment and women empowerment proponents to take part in leadership training, listen to and learn from influential figures like United Nations Deputy High Commissioner for Human Rights Kate Gilmore and Treasurer of the United States Rosie Rios, as well as engage in an official lobby day in the nation's capital. Topics discussed at the summit ranged from the issue of child marriage and sexual and reproductive health rights to intersectional feminism and the importance of the next generation of global girl advocates. The purpose and, later on, achievement of the conference was the development of such leaders and Girl Up representatives. Summit attendee and Girl Up Campus Leader Janel Mendoza shares her experience as a longstanding Girl Up supporter and reflects on the preeminent conversations held during and following the summit.

b-value distribution in and around Mt. Tarumae, Japan

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chiba, K.

2017-12-01

Mt. Tarumae is an active volcano located in southeastern Shikotsu caldera, Hokkaido, Japan. Recently, crustal expansion occurred in 1999-2000 and 2013 near the summit of Mt. Tarumae, with a M5.6 earthquake recorded west of the summit on 8 July 2014. In this study, I determined hypocenter distributions and then performed b-value analysis for the period between 1 August 2014 and 12 August 2016 to improve our understanding of the magma system geometry beneath the summit of Mt. Tarumae. Hypocenters are mainly distributed in two regions: 3 - 5 km west of Mt. Tarumae, and beneath the volcano. I then determined b-value distributions. Regions with relatively high b-values ( 1.3) are located at depths of -0.5 to 2.0 km beneath the summit and at depths greater than 6.0 km in the northwestern part at about 1.5 - 3.0 km from the summit, while a region with relatively low b-values ( 0.6) is located at depths of 2.0 - 6.0 km beneath the summit. Compared the b-value distributions with other geophysical observations, it was found that the high b-value region from -0.5 to 2.0 km depth corresponds to regions of lower resistivity, positive self-potential anomaly, and an inflation source observed in 1999-2000. It is thus inferred that this region is generated by crustal heterogeneity, a decrease in effective normal stress, and change of a frictional property due to the development of faults and fissures, and the circulation of hydrothermal fluids. On the other hand, the inflation source observed in 2013 was located near the boundary between the low b-value region beneath the summit and the deeper high b-value region in the northwestern part at about 1.5 - 3.0 km from the summit. Studies of other volcanoes suggest that such a high-b-value region likely corresponds to a magma chamber. From the deeper high b-value region estimated in this study, I am able to point out that the magma chamber is located to depths greater than 6.0 km in the northwestern part at about 1.5 - 3.0 km from the summit. Thus, these findings contribute to our understanding of the magma plumbing system beneath the summit of Mt. Tarumae.

Earth observations taken during STS-77 mission

NASA Image and Video Library

1996-05-28

STS077-715-037 (19-29 May 1996) --- According to NASA scientists, Ruapehu, on New Zealand?s North Island, is one of the most active volcanoes in the South Pacific. Prior to the flight, crew members scheduled this site as one of their photographic targets. The volcano endured a significant eruption in late September, 1995. This view is the first image of the crater region since that eruption. Since then, numerous landslides and secondary explosions in the summit area has produced changes. In this view, recent mudflows extend from the summit region and down the mountain flank which is in the shadow. Ruapehu is also one of New Zealand?s high points - the mountain supports a glacier and permanent ice fields, and volcanic activity necessarily involves mixing hot volcanic products with snow and ice. Recent activity has produced destructive lahars (mudslides which are slurries of volcanic material with ice and water) downslope. A hazard warning to skiers is still in effect.

Snow cover surveys in Alaska from ERTS-1 data

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Benson, C. S.

1973-01-01

September and October ERTS scenes have been analyzed to delineate snow cover patterns in northern Alaska's Brooks Range and on Mt. Wrangell, and active volcano in South Central Alaska. ERTS images demonstrate that the snow on the northern foothills of the Brooks Range are significantly more affected by katabatic wind action than are the southern foothills. Aufeis deposits along arctic rivers also can be identified in late summer. A survey of such aufeis deposits could identify additional summertime sources of fresh water supplies. Images of Mt. Wrangell permit monitoring of the interaction between volcanic heat and the mass balance of glaciers that exist on active volcanoes. Temporal changes in the areas of bare rock on the rim of the caldera on the summit reveal significant melting of new snow from an extensive storm on August 18. Digital analysis of data from subsequent passes over the summit on September 7, 23 and 24 revealed considerable bare rock exposed by melting, which is virtually impossible from solar heating at this altitude and date.

Resource allocation on the frontlines of public health preparedness and response: report of a summit on legal and ethical issues.

PubMed

Barnett, Daniel J; Taylor, Holly A; Hodge, James G; Links, Jonathan M

2009-01-01

In the face of all-hazards preparedness challenges, local and state health department personnel have to date lacked a discrete set of legally and ethically informed public health principles to guide the distribution of scarce resources in crisis settings. To help address this gap, we convened a Summit of academic and practice experts to develop a set of principles for legally and ethically sound public health resource triage decision-making in emergencies. The invitation-only Summit, held in Washington, D.C., on June 29, 2006, assembled 20 experts from a combination of academic institutions and nonacademic leadership, policy, and practice settings. The Summit featured a tabletop exercise designed to highlight resource scarcity challenges in a public health infectious disease emergency. This exercise served as a springboard for Summit participants' subsequent identification of 10 public health emergency resource allocation principles through an iterative process. The final product of the Summit was a set of 10 principles to guide allocation decisions involving scarce resources in public health emergencies. The principles are grouped into three categories: obligations to community; balancing personal autonomy and community well-being/benefit; and good preparedness practice. The 10 Summit-derived principles represent an attempt to link law, ethics, and real-world public health emergency resource allocation practices, and can serve as a useful starting framework to guide further systematic approaches and future research on addressing public health resource scarcity in an all-hazards context.

Repeated deflation-inflation events at Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i: What's up (and down) with that?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Poland, M. P.; Miklius, A.; Lundgren, P.; Sutton, A. J.

2011-12-01

Cyclic deflation-inflation ("DI") events are a common occurrence at Kilauea Volcano. Most DI events begin with deflation at the summit that generally lasts 12-72 hours and accumulate ~1-5 microradians of tilt as measured on the rim of Kilauea caldera, followed by inflation that is initially rapid but wanes as the net deformation approaches pre-event levels over the course of 12-48 hours. In rare cases, the initial deflation is followed by large-magnitude (~20 microradians) inflation over a few hours followed by hours to days of deflation to pre-event levels. Such DID events have only been recorded during 2000-2004. DI events are also manifested at the Pu'u 'O'o eruptive vent on Kilauea's east rift zone, about 15 km from the summit, and lag summit deformation by about 1-2 hours. For DI events with relatively large-magnitudes (i.e., several microradians) and long-durations (i.e., several days), deformation is manifested along the east rift zone between Pu'u 'O'o and the summit, and eruptive activity at Pu'u 'O'o is impacted with long periods of deflation and inflation associated with eruptive pauses and surges, respectively. During a period of increased magma transport between the summit and Pu'u 'O'o in 2005-2007, DI events recorded at the summit were not detected at Pu'u 'O'o. Since the March 2008 start of Kilauea's ongoing summit eruption, the number of DI events per year has increased from about 5-10 to about 50-60. The level of the summit lava column (continuously visible since early 2010), has generally tracked DI deformation. Surface deformation associated with DI events is measured by tilt, GPS, and InSAR. At the summit, preliminary source models suggest a depth of 1-2 km and a sill-like geometry beneath the center of the caldera, with volume loss and subsequent recovery on the order of tens of thousands of cubic meters with each DI cycle. The localized nature of the DI signal at Pu'u 'O'o argues for a shallow source that is probably less than 1 km deep. At least two mechanisms are consistent with the occurrence of DI events at Kilauea. First, blockage and subsequent clearing of the transport pathway that feeds the shallow summit magma system and conduit to Pu'u 'O'o could cause the observed deformation. A second possibility is that DI events represent convective overturns caused by replacement of degassed magma with gas-rich magma. Such a model is consistent with the increased number of DI events following the onset of Kilauea's summit eruption, when summit gas emissions increased by a factor of about 5, but there have been no changes in degassing rates during periods of frequent (i.e., daily) or rare (i.e., monthly) DI events during 2008-2011. The source of DI events therefore remains a target of continued study.

40 CFR Appendix E to Part 300 - Oil Spill Response

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., other waters of the high seas subject to the NCP, and the land surface or land substrata, ground waters... response equipment; and a district response advisory team. Contiguous zone means the zone of the high seas... of the discharge. 2.2Priorities. (a) Safety of human life must be given the highest priority during...

77 FR 50070 - National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan; National Priorities List...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-20

..., Superfund, Water pollution control, Water supply. Authority: 33 U.S.C. 1321(c)(2); 42 U.S.C. 9601-9657; E.O... and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan; National Priorities List: Deletion of the Hooker..., as amended, is an appendix of the National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan...

A model for the magmatic-hydrothermal system at Mount Rainier, Washington, from seismic and geochemical observations

USGS Publications Warehouse

Moran, S.C.; Zimbelman, D.R.; Malone, S.D.

2000-01-01

Mount Rainier is one of the most seismically active volcanoes in the Cascade Range, with an average of one to two high-frequency volcano-tectonic (or VT) earthquakes occurring directly beneath the summit in a given month. Despite this level of seismicity, little is known about its cause. The VT earthquakes occur at a steady rate in several clusters below the inferred base of the Quaternary volcanic edifice. More than half of 18 focal mechanisms determined for these events are normal, and most stress axes deviate significantly from the regional stress field. We argue that these characteristics are most consistent with earthquakes in response to processes associated with circulation of fluids and magmatic gases within and below the base of the edifice. Circulation of these fluids and gases has weakened rock and reduced effective stress to the point that gravity-induced brittle fracture, due to the weight of the overlying edifice, can occur. Results from seismic tomography and rock, water, and gas geochemistry studies support this interpretation. We combine constraints from these studies into a model for the magmatic system that includes a large volume of hot rock (temperatures greater than the brittle-ductile transition) with small pockets of melt and/or hot fluids at depths of 8-18 km below the summit. We infer that fluids and heat from this volume reach the edifice via a narrow conduit, resulting in fumarolic activity at the summit, hydrothermal alteration of the edifice, and seismicity.

Reconstruction of the 2014 eruption sequence of Ontake Volcano from recorded images and interviews

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Oikawa, Teruki; Yoshimoto, Mitsuhiro; Nakada, Setsuya; Maeno, Fukashi; Komori, Jiro; Shimano, Taketo; Takeshita, Yoshihiro; Ishizuka, Yoshihiro; Ishimine, Yasuhiro

2016-05-01

A phreatic eruption at Mount Ontake (3067 m) on September 27, 2014, led to 64 casualties, including missing people. In this paper, we clarify the eruption sequence of the 2014 eruption from recorded images (photographs and videos obtained by climbers) and interviews with mountain guides and workers in mountain huts. The onset of eruption was sudden, without any clear precursory surface phenomena (such as ground rumbling or strong smell of sulfide). Our data indicate that the eruption sequence can be divided into three phases. Phase 1: The eruption started with dry pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) caused by ash column collapse. The PDCs flowed down 2.5 km SW and 2 km NW from the craters. In addition, PDCs moved horizontally by approximately 1.5 km toward N and E beyond summit ridges. The temperature of PDCs at the summit area partially exceeded 100 °C, and an analysis of interview results suggested that the temperature of PDCs was mostly in the range of 30-100 °C. At the summit area, there were violent falling ballistic rocks. Phase 2: When the outflow of PDCs stopped, the altitude of the eruption column increased; tephra with muddy rain started to fall; and ambient air temperature decreased. Falling ballistic rocks were almost absent during this phase. Phase 3: Finally, muddy hot water flowed out from the craters. These models reconstructed from observations are consistent with the phreatic eruption models and typical eruption sequences recorded at similar volcanoes.

Hazard-Specific Vulnerability Mapping for Water Security in a Shale Gas Context

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Allen, D. M.; Holding, S.; McKoen, Z.

2015-12-01

Northeast British Columbia (NEBC) is estimated to hold large reserves of unconventional natural gas and has experienced rapid growth in shale gas development activities over recent decades. Shale gas development has the potential to impact the quality and quantity of surface and ground water. Robust policies and sound water management are required to protect water security in relation to the water-energy nexus surrounding shale gas development. In this study, hazard-specific vulnerability mapping was conducted across NEBC to identify areas most vulnerable to water quality and quantity deterioration due to shale gas development. Vulnerability represents the combination of a specific hazard threat and the susceptibility of the water system to that threat. Hazard threats (i.e. potential contamination sources and water abstraction) were mapped spatially across the region. The shallow aquifer susceptibility to contamination was characterised using the DRASTIC aquifer vulnerability approach, while the aquifer susceptibility to abstraction was mapped according to aquifer productivity. Surface water susceptibility to contamination was characterised on a watershed basis to describe the propensity for overland flow (i.e. contaminant transport), while watershed discharge estimates were used to assess surface water susceptibility to water abstractions. The spatial distribution of hazard threats and susceptibility were combined to form hazard-specific vulnerability maps for groundwater quality, groundwater quantity, surface water quality and surface water quantity. The vulnerability maps identify priority areas for further research, monitoring and policy development. Priority areas regarding water quality occur where hazard threat (contamination potential) coincide with high aquifer susceptibility or high overland flow potential. Priority areas regarding water quantity occur where demand is estimated to represent a significant proportion of estimated supply. The identification of priority areas allows for characterization of the vulnerability of water security in the region. This vulnerability mapping approach, using the hazard threat and susceptibility indicators, can be applied to other shale gas areas to assess vulnerability to shale gas activities and support water security.

Identifying priority areas for ecosystem service management in South African grasslands.

PubMed

Egoh, Benis N; Reyers, Belinda; Rouget, Mathieu; Richardson, David M

2011-06-01

Grasslands provide many ecosystem services required to support human well-being and are home to a diverse fauna and flora. Degradation of grasslands due to agriculture and other forms of land use threaten biodiversity and ecosystem services. Various efforts are underway around the world to stem these declines. The Grassland Programme in South Africa is one such initiative and is aimed at safeguarding both biodiversity and ecosystem services. As part of this developing programme, we identified spatial priority areas for ecosystem services, tested the effect of different target levels of ecosystem services used to identify priority areas, and evaluated whether biodiversity priority areas can be aligned with those for ecosystem services. We mapped five ecosystem services (below ground carbon storage, surface water supply, water flow regulation, soil accumulation and soil retention) and identified priority areas for individual ecosystem services and for all five services at the scale of quaternary catchments. Planning for individual ecosystem services showed that, depending on the ecosystem service of interest, between 4% and 13% of the grassland biome was required to conserve at least 40% of the soil and water services. Thirty-four percent of the biome was needed to conserve 40% of the carbon service in the grassland. Priority areas identified for five ecosystem services under three target levels (20%, 40%, 60% of the total amount) showed that between 17% and 56% of the grassland biome was needed to conserve these ecosystem services. There was moderate to high overlap between priority areas selected for ecosystem services and already-identified terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity priority areas. This level of overlap coupled with low irreplaceability values obtained when planning for individual ecosystem services makes it possible to combine biodiversity and ecosystem services in one plan using systematic conservation planning. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Summit on the National Effort To Prevent Mental Retardation and Related Disabilities. Summit Proceedings (Washington, D.C., February 6-7, 1991).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

President's Committee on Mental Retardation, Washington, DC.

This document reports the proceedings of a summit to assess the adequacy of the U.S. effort to prevent mental retardation and related disabilities and to chart the course for future strategies to reduce the incidence and ameliorate the effects of these disabilities, particularly when caused by socioeconomic conditions. The document contains…

Managing recreation on mountain summits in the northern forest region of Maine, New Hampshire, New York, and Vermont

Treesearch

Kelly Goonan; Robert Manning; Carena J. van Riper; Christopher Monz

2010-01-01

Land managers in the Northern Forest region of Maine, New Hampshire, New York, and Vermont face the challenge of providing high-quality recreation opportunities and experiences while also protecting fragile summit resources. The goals of this study were to identify indicators and standards of quality for visitor experiences and summit resources for three mountains with...

Foreword: Proceedings From the First Annual Lumbar Total Disc Replacement Summit.

PubMed

Blumenthal, Scott; Buttermann, Glenn; Garcia, Rolando; Gornet, Matthew; Grunch, Betsy; Guyer, Richard; Janssen, Michael; Kimball, Brent; Lewis, Adam; Mesiwala, Ali; Miller, Lynn; Morreale, Joseph; Reed, William; Sandhu, Faheem; Shackleford, Ian; Yue, James; Zigler, Jack; OConnell, Brent; Ferko, Nicole; Hollmann, Sarah

2017-12-15

: This publication focuses on proceedings from the First Annual Lumbar Total Disc Replacement Summit, held October 25, 2016 in Boston, MA. The Summit brought together 17 thought leading surgeons who employed a modified-Delphi method to determine where consensus existed pertaining to the utilization of lumbar total disc replacement as a standard of care for a subpopulation of patients suffering from degenerative disc disease.

Junior G8 Summit: Speaking Out with a "Passion for Peace"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Education Canada, 2007

2007-01-01

The Junior G8 competition allows groups of young people from each of the G8 countries to have their voices heard on a global stage--the annual G8 summit. An international essay competition results in the selection of teams of students who travel to the G8 summit to provide a youth perspective on global issues. The 2006 competition focused on four…

Variations of Perspectives of Junior High School Students Who Have Participated in Smartphone Summit for Appropriate Usage of the Internet and Smartphones

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Miyake, Motoko; Takeuchi, Kazuo; Toda, Yuichi

2018-01-01

This study investigated the variations of perspectives of junior high school students who had participated in Smartphone Summit for appropriate usage of the Internet and smartphones. Smartphone Summit is an educational project designed to empower junior high school students to advocate appropriate usage of the Internet and smartphones among older,…

Talent Development Research, Policy, and Practice in Europe and the United States: Outcomes from a Summit of International Researchers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Subotnik, Rena F.; Stoeger, Heidrun; Olszewski-Kubilius, Paula

2017-01-01

The goal of this article is to convey a summary of research and conversation on talent development on the part of a small group of European and American researchers who participated in the Inaugural American European Research Summit in Washington. In the final hours of the summit, participants discussed the state of research on talent development…

Two magma bodies beneath the summit of Kīlauea Volcano unveiled by isotopically distinct melt deliveries from the mantle

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pietruszka, Aaron J.; Heaton, Daniel E.; Marske, Jared P.; Garcia, Michael O.

2015-03-01

The summit magma storage reservoir of Kīlauea Volcano is one of the most important components of the magmatic plumbing system of this frequently active basaltic shield-building volcano. Here we use new high-precision Pb isotopic analyses of Kīlauea summit lavas-from 1959 to the active Halema'uma'u lava lake-to infer the number, size, and interconnectedness of magma bodies within the volcano's summit reservoir. From 1971 to 1982, the 206Pb/204Pb ratios of the lavas define two separate magma mixing trends that correlate with differences in vent location and/or pre-eruptive magma temperature. These relationships, which contrast with a single magma mixing trend for lavas from 1959 to 1968, indicate that Kīlauea summit eruptions since at least 1971 were supplied from two distinct magma bodies. The locations of these magma bodies are inferred to coincide with two major deformation centers identified by geodetic monitoring of the volcano's summit region: (1) the main locus of the summit reservoir ∼2-4 km below the southern rim of Kīlauea Caldera and (2) a shallower magma body <2 km below the eastern rim of Halema'uma'u pit crater. Residence time modeling suggests that the total volume of magma within Kīlauea's summit reservoir during the late 20th century (1959-1982) was exceedingly small (∼0.1-0.5 km3). Voluminous Kīlauea eruptions, such as the ongoing, 32-yr old Pu'u 'Ō'ō rift eruption (>4 km3 of lava erupted), must therefore be sustained by a nearly continuous supply of new melt from the mantle. The model results show that a minimum of four compositionally distinct, mantle-derived magma batches were delivered to the volcano (at least three directly to the summit reservoir) since 1959. These melt inputs correlate with the initiation of energetic (1959 Kīlauea Iki) and/or sustained (1969-1974 Mauna Ulu, 1983-present Pu'u 'Ō'ō and 2008-present Halema'uma'u) eruptions. Thus, Kīlauea's eruptive behavior is partly tied to the delivery of new magma batches from the volcano's source region within the Hawaiian mantle plume.

Structure and Evolution of Hawaii's Loihi Seamount from High-resolution Mapping

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Clague, D. A.; Paduan, J. B.; Moyer, C. L.; Glazer, B. T.; Caress, D. W.; Yoerger, D.; Kaiser, C. L.

2016-12-01

Loihi Seamount has been mapped repeatedly using shipboard multibeam sonars with improving resolution over time. Simrad EM302 data with 25m resolution at the 950m summit and 90m at the 5000m base of the volcano were collected from Schmidt Ocean Institute's R/V Falkor in 2014. A contracted multibeam survey in 1997 employing a deep-towed vehicle has 7m resolution for the summit and upper north and south rift zones, but suffered from poor navigation. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution's AUV Sentry surveyed most of the summit and low-T hydrothermal vents on the base of the south rift in 2013 and 2014. The 2m resolution of most data is more precise than the navigation. The 6 summit surveys were reprocessed using MB-System to remove abundant bad bottom picks and adjust the navigation to produce a spatially accurate map. The 3 summit pits, including Pele's Pit that formed in 1996, are complex collapse structures and nested inside a larger caldera that was modified by large landslides on the east and west summit flanks. The pits cut low shields that once formed a complex of overlapping summit shields, similar to Kilauea before the current caldera formed 1500 to 1790 CE. An 11m section of ash deposits crops out on the east rim of the summit along a caldera-bounding fault and is analogous to Kilauea where the caldera-bounding faults expose ash erupted as the present caldera formed. Most of the Loihi ash section is 3300 to 5880 yr BP, indicating that the larger caldera structure at Loihi is younger than 3300 yr BP. The landslides on the east and west edges of the summit are therefore younger 3300 yr BP. The uppermost south rift has several small pit craters between cones and pillow ridges, also analogous to Kilauea. Two cones near the deep low-T vents are steep pillow mounds with slopes of talus. High-resolution mapping reveals, for the first time, the many similarities between the structure and evolution of submarine Loihi Seamount and subaerial Kilauea Volcano.

Wind-driven snow conditions control the occurrence of contemporary marginal mountain permafrost in the Chic-Choc Mountains, south-eastern Canada: a case study from Mont Jacques-Cartier

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Davesne, Gautier; Fortier, Daniel; Domine, Florent; Gray, James T.

2017-06-01

We present data on the distribution and thermophysical properties of snow collected sporadically over 4 decades along with recent data of ground surface temperature from Mont Jacques-Cartier (1268 m a.s.l.), the highest summit in the Appalachians of south-eastern Canada. We demonstrate that the occurrence of contemporary permafrost is necessarily associated with a very thin and wind-packed winter snow cover which brings local azonal topo-climatic conditions on the dome-shaped summit. The aims of this study were (i) to understand the snow distribution pattern and snow thermophysical properties on the Mont Jacques-Cartier summit and (ii) to investigate the impact of snow on the spatial distribution of the ground surface temperature (GST) using temperature sensors deployed over the summit. Results showed that above the local treeline, the summit is characterized by a snow cover typically less than 30 cm thick which is explained by the strong westerly winds interacting with the local surface roughness created by the physiography and surficial geomorphology of the site. The snowpack structure is fairly similar to that observed on windy Arctic tundra with a top dense wind slab (300 to 450 kg m-3) of high thermal conductivity, which facilitates heat transfer between the ground surface and the atmosphere. The mean annual ground surface temperature (MAGST) below this thin and wind-packed snow cover was about -1 °C in 2013 and 2014, for the higher, exposed, blockfield-covered sector of the summit characterized by a sporadic herbaceous cover. In contrast, for the gentle slopes covered with stunted spruce (krummholz), and for the steep leeward slope to the south-east of the summit, the MAGST was around 3 °C in 2013 and 2014. The study concludes that the permafrost on Mont Jacques-Cartier, most widely in the Chic-Choc Mountains and by extension in the southern highest summits of the Appalachians, is therefore likely limited to the barren wind-exposed surface of the summit where the low air temperature, the thin snowpack and the wind action bring local cold surface conditions favourable to permafrost development.

Meltwater Induced Glacier Landslides - Waxell Ridge, AK

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Molnia, B. F.; Angeli, K. M.; Bratton, D. A.; Keeler, R. H.; Noyles, C.

2006-12-01

Within the past year, two large landslides have originated from south-facing peaks on Waxell Ridge, the bedrock massif that separates the Bagley Icefield from Bering Glacier, Alaska. Each involves a near-summit hanging glacier. In each instance, the presence of meltwater appears to be a triggering factor. The largest of the two, which occurred on September 14, 2005, originated from just below the summit of 3,236-m-high Mt Steller and landed on the surface of Bering Glacier, nearly 2,500 m below. The Alaska Volcano Observatory estimated the volume of this landslide, which consisted of rock, glacier ice, and snow, to be approximately 50 million cubic meters. Unlike most large Alaskan glacier-related landslides, this one was not triggered by an earthquake. However, the energy that the slide released was intense enough to generate a seismic signal that was recorded around the world with magnitudes of 3.8 to greater than 5. The slide extended ~10 km down the Bering Glacier from the point of impact. Much of the surface on which the slide occurred had a slope >50 degrees. The second landslide, located ~6 km to the west of Mt Steller, originated from a secondary summit of a 2,500- m-high unnamed peak. The date of its occurrence is unknown, but its toe sits on winter 2005-2006 snow. Both slides have been examined from helicopter and fixed-wing overflights, and with a variety of vertical and oblique aerial photographs. Oblique aerial photographs obtained of the Mt Steller slide on September 15, 2005 depict a 10-15-m-diameter moulin or englacial stream channel in the truncated 30-m-thick glacier ice that comprises the east wall of the landslide scarp. The presence of this unusual glacial-hydrologic feature at an elevation above 3,000 m, suggests that a large volume of water had recently been flowing on Mt Steller's east ridge and that the water might have had a role in triggering the landslide. Similarly, there is evidence of an englacial channel on the west flank of the summit scarp of the second slide. The presence of large volumes of meltwater close to the crest of Waxell Ridge raises questions about regional climate change and its role in the future generation of landslides at higher elevations. This presentation summarizes the findings produced from the analysis of aerial photography and field observations made between September 2005 and September 2006.

What makes hydromagmatic eruptions violent? Some insights from the Keanakāko'i Ash, Kı̄lauea Volcano, Hawai'i

USGS Publications Warehouse

Mastin, Larry G.; Christiansen, Robert L.; Thornber, Carl R.; Lowenstern, Jacob B.; Beeson, Melvin H.

2004-01-01

Volcanic eruptions at the summit of Ki??ilauea volcano, Hawai'i, are of two dramatically contrasting types: (1) benign lava flows and lava fountains; and (2) violent, mostly prehistoric eruptions that dispersed tephra over hundreds of square kilometers. The violence of the latter eruptions has been attributed to mixing of water and magma within a wet summit caldera; however, magma injection into water at other volcanoes does not consistently produce widespread tephras. To identify other factors that may have contributed to the violence of these eruptions, we sampled tephra from the Keanaka??ko'i Ash, the most recent large hydromagmatic deposit, and measured vesicularity, bubble-number density and dissolved volatile content of juvenile matrix glass to constrain magma ascent rate and degree of degassing at the time of quenching. Bubble-number densities (9 ?? 104- 1 ?? 107 cm-3) of tephra fragments exceed those of most historically erupted Ki??lauean tephras (3 ?? 103-1.8 ?? 105 cm-3), and suggest exceptionally high magma effusion rates. Dissolved sulfur (average = 330 ppm) and water (0.15-0.45 wt.%) concentrations exceed equilibrium-saturation values at 1 atm pressure (100-150 ppm and ???0.09%, respectively), suggesting that clasts quenched before equilibrating to atmospheric pressure. We interpret these results to suggest rapid magma injection into a wet crater, perhaps similar to continuous-uprush jets at Surtsey. Estimates of Reynolds number suggest that the erupting magma was turbulent and would have mixed with surrounding water in vortices ranging downward in size to centimeters. Such fine-scale mixing would have ensured rapid heat exchange and extensive magma fragmentation, maximizing the violence of these eruptions.

Analysis of United Nations Millennium Summit Speeches

DTIC Science & Technology

2001-04-01

Development 36 46 Taiwan 14 16 Terrorism 32 60 Transnational Crime 31 40 Urban-Rural 2 12 War 65 108 Water 15 20 Weapons 36 62 Women/ Gender ...Concept Number of Countries Freq. of Mention Governance 47 59 Aid/Assistance for Dev. 44 58 Sovereignty 36 53 Women/ Gender Equality 38 50...take into consideration how different cultures consider the special status of elders and gender responsibilities. Social stability has to be considered

2012 ARPA-E Energy Innovation Summit: Profiling Sheetak: Low Cost - Solid State Cooling

ScienceCinema

Pokharna, Himanshu; Ghoshal, Uttam

2018-05-30

The third annual ARPA-E Energy Innovation Summit was held in Washington D.C. in February, 2012. The event brought together key players from across the energy ecosystem - researchers, entrepreneurs, investors, corporate executives, and government officials - to share ideas for developing and deploying the next generation of energy technologies. A few videos were selected for showing during the Summit to attendees. These "performer videos" highlight innovative research that is ongoing and related to the main topics of the Summit's sessions. Featured in this video are David Marcus, Founder of General Compression, and Eric Ingersoll, CEO of General Compression. Himanshu Pokharna, Vice President of Sheetak Uttam Ghoshal, President and CEO of Sheetak.

Groundwater level changes in a deep well in response to a magma intrusion event on Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i

USGS Publications Warehouse

Hurwitz, S.; Johnston, M.J.S.

2003-01-01

On May 21, 2001, an abrupt inflation of Kilauea Volcano's summit induced a rapid and large increase in compressional strain, with a maximum of 2 ??strain recorded by a borehole dilatometer. Water level (pressure) simultaneously dropped by 6 cm. This mode of water level change (drop) is in contrast to that expected for compressional strain from poroelastic theory, and therefore it is proposed that the stress applied by the intrusion has caused opening of fractures or interflows that drained water out of the well. Upon relaxation of the stress recorded by the dilatometer, water levels have recovered at a similar rate. The proposed model has implications for the analysis of ground surface deformation and for mechanisms that trigger phreatomagmatic eruptions.

Bubble Plumes at NW Rota-1 Submarine Volcano, Mariana Arc: Visualization and Analysis of Multibeam Water Column Data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Merle, S. G.; Chadwick, W. W.; Embley, R. W.; Doucet, M.

2012-12-01

During a March 2010 expedition to NW Rota-1 submarine volcano in the Mariana arc a new EM122 multibeam sonar system on the R/V Kilo Moana was used to repeatedly image bubble plumes in the water column over the volcano. The EM122 (12 kHz) system collects seafloor bathymetry and backscatter data, as well as acoustic return water column data. Previous expeditions to NW Rota-1 have included seafloor mapping / CTD tow-yo surveys and remotely operated vehicle (ROV) dives in 2004, 2005, 2006 and 2009. Much of the focus has been on the one main eruptive vent, Brimstone, located on the south side of the summit at a depth of ~440m, which has been persistently active during all ROV visits. Extensive degassing of CO2 bubbles have been observed by the ROV during frequent eruptive bursts from the vent. Between expeditions in April 2009 and March 2010 a major eruption and landslide occurred at NW Rota-1. ROV dives in 2010 revealed that after the landslide the eruptive vent had been reorganized from a single site to a line of vents. Brimstone vent was still active, but 4 other new eruptive vents had also emerged in a NW/SE line below the summit extending ~100 m from the westernmost to easternmost vents. During the ROV dives, the eruptive vents were observed to turn on and off from day to day and hour to hour. Throughout the 2010 expedition numerous passes were made over the volcano summit to image the bubble plumes above the eruptive vents in the water column, in order to capture the variability of the plumes over time and to relate them to the eruptive output of the volcano. The mid-water sonar data set totals >95 hours of observations over a 12-day period. Generally, the ship drove repeatedly over the eruptive vents at a range of ship speeds (0.5-4 knots) and headings. In addition, some mid-water data was collected during three ROV dives when the ship was stationary over the vents. We used the FMMidwater software program (part of QPS Fledermaus) to visualize and analyze the data collected with this new mid-water technology. The data show that during some passes over the vent all 5 eruptive vents were contributing to the plume above the volcano, whereas on other passes only 1 vent was visible. However, it was common that multiple vents were active at any one time. The highest observed rise of a bubble plume in the water column came from the easternmost vent, with the main plume rising 415 meters from the vent to within 175 m of the surface. In some cases, wisps from the main plume rose to heights less than 100 m from the surface. This analysis shows that water column imaging multibeam sonar data can be used as a proxy to determine the level of eruptive activity above submarine volcanoes that have robust CO2 output. We plan to compare this data set to other data sets including hydrophone recordings, ADCP data and ROV visual observations.

Deep magma body beneath the summit and rift zones of kilauea volcano, hawaii.

PubMed

Delaney, P T; Fiske, R S; Miklius, A; Okamura, A T; Sako, M K

1990-03-16

A magnitude 7.2 earthquake in 1975 caused the south flank of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, to move seaward in response to slippage along a deep fault. Since then, a large part of the volcano's edifice has been adjusting to this perturbation. The summit of Kilauea extended at a rate of 0.26 meter per year until 1983, the south flank uplifted more than 0.5 meter, and the axes of both the volcano's rift zones extended and subsided; the summit continues to subside. These ground-surface motions have been remarkably steady and much more widespread than those caused by either recurrent inflation and deflation of the summit magma chamber or the episodic propagation of dikes into the rift zones. Kilauea's magmatic system is, therefore, probably deeper and more extensive than previously thought; the summit and both rift zones may be underlain by a thick, near vertical dike-like magma system at a depth of 3 to 9 kilometers.

Deep magma body beneath the summit and rift zones of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii

USGS Publications Warehouse

Delaney, P.T.; Fiske, R.S.; Miklius, Asta; Okamura, A.T.; Sako, M.K.

1990-01-01

A magnitude 7.2 earthquake in 1975 caused the south flank of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, to move seaward in response to slippage along a deep fault. Since then, a large part of the volcano's edifice has been adjusting to this perturbation. The summit of Kilauea extended at a rate of 0.26 meter per year until 1983, the south flank uplifted more than 0.5 meter, and the axes of both the volcano's rift zones extended and subsided; the summit continues to subside. These ground-surface motions have been remarkably steady and much more widespread than those caused by either recurrent inflation and deflation of the summit magma chamber or the episodic propagation of dikes into the rift zones. Kilauea's magmatic system is, therefore, probably deeper and more extensive than previously thought; the summit and both rift zones may be underlain by a thick, near vertical dike-like magma system at a depth of 3 to 9 kilometers.

Analysis of water quality in the Blue River watershed, Colorado, 1984 through 2007

USGS Publications Warehouse

Bauch, Nancy J.; Miller, Lisa D.; Yacob, Sharon

2014-01-01

Water quality of streams, reservoirs, and groundwater in the Blue River watershed in the central Rocky Mountains of Colorado has been affected by local geologic conditions, historical hard-rock metal mining, and recent urban development. With these considerations, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Summit Water Quality Committee, conducted a study to compile historical water-quality data and assess water-quality conditions in the watershed. To assess water-quality conditions, stream data were primarily analyzed from October 1995 through December 2006, groundwater data from May 1996 through September 2004, and reservoir data from May 1984 through November 2007. Stream data for the Snake River, upper Blue River, and Tenmile Creek subwatersheds upstream from Dillon Reservoir and the lower Blue River watershed downstream from Dillon Reservoir were analyzed separately. (The complete abstract is provided in the report)

2008 Munitions Executive Summit

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-02-21

7:00pm Hosted Reception 2008 Munitions Executive Summit February 20, 2008 – AGENDA (cont.) 8:00am Administrative Remarks 8:05am PEO Keynote Address...MES Awards Tuesday, February 19 5pm Reception /Pre-registration Sponsored by ATK Ammunition Systems Group and Kaman Aerospace’s Fuzing...15pm Adjourn 5:15pm - 7pm Hosted Reception Sponsored by DSE, Inc. and General Dynamics-OTS Munitions executive suMMit 2008 agenda & prograM

Exploring the Role of Performance Assessment in Competency-Based Education: Recommendations from the National Summit on K-12 Competency-Based Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gagnon, Laurie

2017-01-01

Based on reports created for the 2017 National Summit on K-12 Competency-Based Education, this article explores how educators can take action to build momentum for and implement competency education and performance assessment. As a guide to taking action, the article provides the following: (1) links to the four framing reports from the Summit;…

Air quality real-time forecast before and during the G-20 Summit 2016 in Hangzhou with the WRF-CMAQ and WRF/Chem systems: Evaluation and Emission Reduction Effects

EPA Science Inventory

The 2016 G-20 Hangzhou summit, the eleventh annual meeting of the G-20 heads of government, will be held during September 3-5, 2016 in Hangzhou, China. For a successful summit, it is important to ensure good air quality. To achieve this goal, governments of Hangzhou and its surr...

Development and evaluation of a regional, large-scale interprofessional collaborative care summit.

PubMed

Foote, Edward F; Clarke, Virginia; Szarek, John L; Waters, Sharon K; Walline, Vera; Shea, Diane; Goss, Sheryl; Farrell, Marian; Easton, Diana; Dunleavy, Erin; Arscott, Karen

2015-01-01

The Northeastern/Central Pennsylvania Interprofessional Education Coalition (NECPA IPEC) is a coalition of faculty from multiple smaller academic institutions with a mission to promote interprofessional education. An interprofessional learning program was organized, which involved 676 learners from 10 different institutions representing 16 unique professions, and took place at seven different institutions simultaneously. The program was a 3-hour long summit which focused on the management of a patient with ischemic stroke. A questionnaire consisting of the Interprofessional Education Perception Scale (IEPS) questionnaire (pre-post summit), Likert-type questions, and open comment questions explored the learners' perceptions of the session and their attitudes toward interprofessional learning. Responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics and statistical tests for difference and qualitative thematic coding. The attitude of learners toward interprofessional education (as measured by the IEPS) was quite high even prior to the summit, so there were no significant changes after the summit. However, a high percentage of learners and facilitators agreed that the summit met its objective and was effective. In addition, the thematic analysis of the open-ended questions confirmed that students learned from the experience with a sense of the core competencies of interprofessional education and practice. A collaborative approach to delivering interprofessional learning is time and work intensive but beneficial to learners.

Atrial Arrhythmias in Astronauts - Summary of a NASA Summit

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Barr, Yael R.; Watkins, Sharmila D.; Polk, J. D.

2010-01-01

Background and Problem Definition: To evaluate NASA s current standards and practices related to atrial arrhythmias in astronauts, Space Medicine s Advanced Projects Section at the Johnson Space Center was tasked with organizing a summit to discuss the approach to atrial arrhythmias in the astronaut cohort. Since 1959, 11 cases of atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, or supraventricular tachycardia have been recorded among active corps crewmembers. Most of the cases were paroxysmal, although a few were sustained. While most of the affected crewmembers were asymptomatic, those slated for long-duration space flight underwent radiofrequency ablation treatment to prevent further episodes of the arrhythmia. The summit was convened to solicit expert opinion on screening, diagnosis, and treatment options, to identify gaps in knowledge, and to propose relevant research initiatives. Summit Meeting Objectives: The Atrial Arrhythmia Summit brought together a panel of six cardiologists, including nationally and internationally renowned leaders in cardiac electrophysiology, exercise physiology, and space flight cardiovascular physiology. The primary objectives of the summit discussions were to evaluate cases of atrial arrhythmia in the astronaut population, to understand the factors that may predispose an individual to this condition, to understand NASA s current capabilities for screening, diagnosis, and treatment, to discuss the risks associated with treatment of crewmembers assigned to long-duration missions or extravehicular activities, and to discuss recommendations for prevention or management of future cases. Summary of Recommendations: The summit panel s recommendations were grouped into seven categories: Epidemiology, Screening, Standards and Selection, Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation Manifesting Preflight, Atrial Fibrillation during Flight, Prevention of Atrial Fibrillation, and Future Research

The Saint Louis River Idea-Slam crowd sourcing good ideas ...

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

As part of the 2017 Saint Louis River Summit, we propose hosting an “Idea-Slam” using software originally developed by the U.S. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. Idea-box is an open source online app/website used to collect and surface ideas from members of an organization, or the public in general. Using the app, users login, view a request or challenge for new ideas, can submit their own ideas and/or view, comment and vote on other previously submitted ideas. Initially we will start with three idea request or “challenges” as listed below. The first will be run prior to the Summit to help generate additional challenges that might be added for the summit depending on the results. Initial Idea Challenges:1. (Prior to summit) If you could ask a large group of Saint Louis River focused scientist, stakeholders, managers, politicians and the public a question about the SLR, what would you ask?2. How might we better engage students and educators with the Saint Louis River?3. How might we employ citizen science for the Saint Louis River?The Idea-box app will be available for users two weeks before the Saint Louis Summit. We will e-mail previous summit participants and others an invitation to participate in “The Saint Louis River Idea-Slam” with clear instruction on how to proceed. During the morning of the first day at the Saint Louis Summit we will make a brief announcement about the Idea-Slam (< 2min.), and invite everyone to participate.

The Social Development Summit and the developing countries.

PubMed

Barnabas, A P; Kulkarni, P D; Nanavatty, M C; Singh, R R

1996-01-01

This article discusses some concerns of the 1996 UN Summit on Social Development. Conference organizers identified the three key conference issues as poverty alleviation, social integration of the marginalized and disadvantaged, and expansion of productive employment. The goal of a "society for all" means dealing with the increasing differences between rich and poor countries, the survival of weaker economies in a competitive market system, wide variations in consumption patterns between countries, attainment of political stability while respecting ethnic identity, the rise in social problems among countries with a high human development index, and increasing joblessness. The Human Development Report for 1994 emphasizes human security. Social development is not the equivalent of human resource development nor a side issue of economic growth. The integration of ethnic groups poses social and political problems. There remains a question about what political system and culture would be best for social integration. Developed countries define poverty as the inability of people and government to provide resources and necessary services for people's productive activity. Poverty in developing countries is blamed on colonialism. Globally, developed countries control 71% of world trade. Sharing resources to meet basic needs throughout the world is not an operational ideal. The highest 20% of income earners receive 83% of the world income. The culture of poverty is the strategy used by the poor to survive. Welfare is not an end in itself but does enable the poor to improve their conditions. Development that focuses on productive employment is uncertain. Developed and developing countries do not share similar perceptions of human rights. There is a question as to who should set the priorities for social development. Sustainable social development is related to preservation of natural resources, control of population growth, and promotion of social security.

The Diabetes Surgery Summit consensus conference: recommendations for the evaluation and use of gastrointestinal surgery to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus.

PubMed

Rubino, Francesco; Kaplan, Lee M; Schauer, Philip R; Cummings, David E

2010-03-01

To develop guidelines for the use of gastrointestinal surgery to treat type 2 diabetes and to craft an agenda for further research. Increasing evidence demonstrates that bariatric surgery can dramatically ameliorate type 2 diabetes. Not surprisingly, gastrointestinal operations are now being used throughout the world to treat diabetes in association with obesity, and increasingly, for diabetes alone. However, the role for surgery in diabetes treatment is not clearly defined and there are neither clear guidelines for these practices nor sufficient plans for clinical trials to evaluate the risks and benefits of such "diabetes surgery." A multidisciplinary group of 50 voting delegates from around the world gathered in Rome, Italy for the first International Conference on Gastrointestinal Surgery to Treat Type 2 Diabetes--(the "Diabetes Surgery Summit"). During the meeting, available scientific evidence was examined and critiqued by the entire group to assess the strength of evidence and to draft consensus statements. Through an iterative process, draft statements were then serially discussed, debated, edited, reassessed, and finally presented for formal voting. After the Rome meeting, statements that achieved consensus were summarized and distributed to all voting delegates for further input and final approval. These statements were then formally critiqued by representatives of several sientific societies at the 1st World Congress on Interventional Therapies for T2DM (New York, Sept 2008). Input from this discussion was used to generate the current position statement. A Diabetes Surgery Summit (DSS) Position Statement consists of recommendations for clinical and research issues, as well as general concepts and definitions in diabetes surgery. The DSS recognizes the legitimacy of surgical approaches to treat diabetes in carefully selected patients. For example, gastric bypass was deemed a reasonable treatment option for patients with poorly controlled diabetes and a body mass index > or =30 kg/m. Clinical trials to investigate the exact role of surgery in patients with less severe obesity and diabetes are considered a priority. Furthermore, investigations on the mechanisms of surgical control of diabetes are strongly encouraged, as they may help advance the understanding of diabetes pathophysiology. The DSS consensus document embodies the foundations of "diabetes surgery," and represents a timely attempt by leading scholars to improve access to surgical options supported by sound evidence, while also preventing harm from inappropriate use of unproven procedures.

The Diversity of Martian Volcanic features as Seen in the MOC, THEMIS, and MOM Data Sets

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mouginis-Mark, Peter J.

2005-01-01

This one-year project (which included one-year no-cost tension) focused on the evolution of the summit areas of Martian volcanoes. It extended the studies conducted under an earlier MDAP project (Grant NAG5-9576, Principal Investigator P. Mouginis- Mark). By using data collected from the Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC), Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS), and the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) instruments, we tried to better understand the diversity of constructional volcanism on Mars, and hence further understand the eruption processes. By inspecting THEMIS and MOC data, we explored the following four questions: (1) Where might near-surface volatiles have been released at the summits of the Tharsis volcanoes? Is the trapping and subsequent remobilization of degassed volatiles [Scott and Wilson, 19991 adequate to produce eruptions responsible for extensive deposits such as the ones identified on Arsia Mons [Mouginis-Mark, 2002]? To answer this question, we investigated the diversity of eruption styles by studying the summit areas of Arsia, Pavonis and Ascraeus Montes. (2) What are the geomorphic characteristics of the valley system on Hecates Tholus, a volcano that we have previously proposed experienced explosive activity [Mouginis-Murk et al., 1982]? Our inspection of THEMIS data suggests that water release on the volcano took place over an extended period of time, suggesting that hydrothermal activity may have taken place here. (3) How similar are the collapse processes observed at Martian and terrestrial calderas? New THEMIS data provide a more complete view of the entire Olympus Mons caldera, thereby enabling the comparison with the collapse features at Masaya volcano, Nicaragua, to be investigated. (4) What can we learn about the emplacement of long lava flows in the lava plains of Eastern Tharsis? The result of this work provided a greater understanding of the temporal and spatial variations in the eruptive history of volcanoes on Mars, and the influence of the volatiles within the top few kilometers of the volcanic edifice. This relationship in turn pertains to the availability of volatiles (both juvenile magmatic volatiles and ground water contained within the near-surface rocks) and to magma supply rates at appreciable distances (tens to hundreds of kilometers) from the centers of volcanoes. Explosive volcanism on Mars, a major factor in the release of water at the surface, may have been driven not only by volatiles within the parental melt, but also by magma encountering water or ice at shallow depth within the volcano [Mouginis-Mark et al., 1982, 1988; Crown and Greeley, 1993; Robinson et al., 19931.

Acoustical Survey of Methane Plumes on North Hydrate Ridge: Constraining Temporal and Spatial Characteristics.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kannberg, P. K.; Trehu, A. M.

2008-12-01

While methane plumes associated with hydrate formations have been acoustically imaged before, little is known about their temporal characteristics. Previous acoustic surveys have focused on determining plume location, but as far as we know, multiple, repeated surveys of the same plume have not been done prior to the survey presented here. In July 2008, we acquired sixteen identical surveys within 19 hours over the northern summit of Hydrate Ridge in the Cascadia accretionary complex using the onboard 3.5 and 12 kHz echosounders. As in previous studies, the plumes were invisible to the 3.5 kHz echosounder and clearly imaged with 12 kHz. Seafloor depth in this region is ~600 m. Three distinct plumes were detected close to where plumes were located by Heeschen et al. (2003) a decade ago. Two of the plumes disappeared at ~520 m water depth, which is the depth of the top of the gas hydrate stability as determined from CTD casts obtained during the cruise. This supports the conclusion of Heeschen et al. (2003) that the bubbles are armored by gas hydrate and that they dissolve in the water column when they leave the hydrate stability zone. One of the plumes near the northern summit, however, extended through this boundary to at least 400 m (the shallowest depth recorded). A similar phenomenon was observed in methane plumes in the Gulf of Mexico, where the methane was found to be armored by an oil skin. In addition to the steady plumes, two discrete "burps" were observed. One "burp" occurred approximately 600 m to the SSW of the northern summit. This was followed by a second strong event 300m to the north an hour later. To evaluate temporal and spatial patterns, we summed the power of the backscattered signal in different depth windows for each survey. We present the results as a movie in which the backscatter power is shown in map view as a function of time. The surveys encompassed two complete tidal cycles, but no correlation between plume location or intensity and tides is apparent in the data. Additional analyses will constrain plume strength as a function of water depth. Heeschen et al., GRL, v. 30, 2003.

California Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program Priority Basin Project--shallow aquifer assessment

USGS Publications Warehouse

,

2013-01-01

The California State Water Resources Control Board’s (SWRCB) GAMA Program is a comprehensive assessment of statewide groundwater quality in California. From 2004 to 2012, the GAMA Program’s Priority Basin Project focused on assessing groundwater resources used for public drinking-water supplies. More than 2,000 public-supply wells were sampled by U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) for this effort. Starting in 2012, the GAMA Priority Basin Project began an assessment of water resources in shallow aquifers in California. These shallow aquifers provide water for domestic and small community-supply wells, which are often drilled to shallower depths in the groundwater system than public-supply wells. Shallow aquifers are of interest because shallow groundwater may respond more quickly and be more susceptible to contamination from human activities at the land surface, than the deeper aquifers. The SWRCB’s GAMA Program was developed in response to the Groundwater Quality Monitoring Act of 2001 (Water Code sections 10780-10782.3): a public mandate to assess and monitor the quality of groundwater resources used for drinking-water supplies, and to increase the availability of information about groundwater quality to the public. The U.S. Geological Survey is the technical lead of the Priority Basin Project. Stewardship of California’s groundwater resources is a responsibility shared between well owners, communities, and the State. Participants and collaborators in the GAMA Program include Regional Water Quality Control Boards, Department of Water Resources, Department of Public Health, local and regional groundwater management entities, county and local water agencies, community groups, and private citizens. Well-owner participation in the GAMA Program is entirely voluntary.

Summit Renovations, Inc. Information Sheet

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Summit Renovations, Inc. (the Company) is located in Centennial, Colorado. The settlement involves renovation activities conducted at a property constructed prior to 1978, located in Denver, Colorado.

2012 ARPA-E Energy Innovation Summit: Profiling Sheetak: Low Cost - Solid State Cooling

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pokharna, Himanshu; Ghoshal, Uttam

The third annual ARPA-E Energy Innovation Summit was held in Washington D.C. in February, 2012. The event brought together key players from across the energy ecosystem - researchers, entrepreneurs, investors, corporate executives, and government officials - to share ideas for developing and deploying the next generation of energy technologies. A few videos were selected for showing during the Summit to attendees. These "performer videos" highlight innovative research that is ongoing and related to the main topics of the Summit's sessions. Featured in this video are David Marcus, Founder of General Compression, and Eric Ingersoll, CEO of General Compression. Himanshu Pokharna,more » Vice President of Sheetak Uttam Ghoshal, President and CEO of Sheetak.« less

Recommendations and Proposed Strategic Plan: Water Sector Decontamination Priorities

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-10-01

safety and health issues of the utility personnel that may be exposed to treatment processes down stream from the treatment Conducting research on...Government Coordinating Council (GCC). This letter serves as our official transmittal of the Work Group’s final product . As the Co-Chairs...Priorities Page xv LIST OF ACRONYMS ACEIH American Council of Education on Industrial Hygiene AMWA Association of Metropolitan Water Agencies ANSI

Multi-discipline resource inventory of soils, vegetation and geology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Simonson, G. H. (Principal Investigator); Paine, D. P.; Lawrence, R. D.; Norgren, J. A.; Pyott, W. Y.; Herzog, J. H.; Murray, R. J.; Rogers, R.

1973-01-01

The author has identified the following significant results. Computer classification of natural vegetation, in the vicinity of Big Summit Prairie, Crook County, Oregon was carried out using MSS digital data. Impure training sets, representing eleven vegetation types plus water, were selected from within the area to be classified. Close correlations were visually observed between vegetation types mapped from the large scale photographs and the computer classification of the ERTS data (Frame 1021-18151, 13 August 1972).

Two magma bodies beneath the summit of Kilauea Volcano unveiled by isotopically distinct melt deliveries from the mantle

USGS Publications Warehouse

Pietruszka, Aaron J.; Heaton, Daniel E.; Marske, Jared P.; Garcia, Michael O.

2015-01-01

The summit magma storage reservoir of Kīlauea Volcano is one of the most important components of the magmatic plumbing system of this frequently active basaltic shield-building volcano. Here we use new high-precision Pb isotopic analyses of Kīlauea summit lavas—from 1959 to the active Halema‘uma‘u lava lake—to infer the number, size, and interconnectedness of magma bodies within the volcano's summit reservoir. From 1971 to 1982, the 206Pb/204Pb ratios of the lavas define two separate magma mixing trends that correlate with differences in vent location and/or pre-eruptive magma temperature. These relationships, which contrast with a single magma mixing trend for lavas from 1959 to 1968, indicate that Kīlauea summit eruptions since at least 1971 were supplied from two distinct magma bodies. The locations of these magma bodies are inferred to coincide with two major deformation centers identified by geodetic monitoring of the volcano's summit region: (1) the main locus of the summit reservoir ∼2–4 km below the southern rim of Kīlauea Caldera and (2) a shallower magma body <2 km below the eastern rim of Halema‘uma‘u pit crater. Residence time modeling suggests that the total volume of magma within Kīlauea's summit reservoir during the late 20th century (1959–1982) was exceedingly small (∼0.1–0.5 km3). Voluminous Kīlauea eruptions, such as the ongoing, 32-yr old Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō rift eruption (>4 km3 of lava erupted), must therefore be sustained by a nearly continuous supply of new melt from the mantle. The model results show that a minimum of four compositionally distinct, mantle-derived magma batches were delivered to the volcano (at least three directly to the summit reservoir) since 1959. These melt inputs correlate with the initiation of energetic (1959 Kīlauea Iki) and/or sustained (1969–1974 Mauna Ulu, 1983-present Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō and 2008-present Halema‘uma‘u) eruptions. Thus, Kīlauea's eruptive behavior is partly tied to the delivery of new magma batches from the volcano's source region within the Hawaiian mantle plume.

Port Stakeholder Summit - April 2014

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

EPA's National Port Stakeholders Summit, Advancing More Sustainable Ports, focused on actions to protect air quality while reducing climate risk and supporting economic growth, making ports more environmentally sustainable.

Geology and ground-water resources of the islands of Lanai and Kahoolawe, Hawaii

USGS Publications Warehouse

Stearns, Harold T.; Macdonald, Gordon Andrew; Swartz, Joel Howard

1940-01-01

Lanai lies 59 miles southeast of Honolulu, Oahu, has an area of 141 square miles, and is 3,370 feet high. (See fig. 1 and pl. 1.) Lanai City is the only town of importance. The island produces pineapples and cattle. The surface above about 1,200 feet is generally covered with lateritic soil, which reaches a maximum depth of about 50 feet. Below this level the island is partly devoid of vegetation and is strewn with boulders, the result of having been once submerged by the ocean to this depth. Traces of various emerged and submerged shore lines are described, the highest fossiliferous marine deposits being 1,070 feet above sea level. Lanai is an eroded extinct basaltic volcano built during one period of activity. No secondary eruptions occurred as on most of the other islands. It has three rift zones and a summit caldera. The summit plateau has resulted from collapse along the northwest rift zone. Elsewhere there is much evidence of faulting. About 100 faults and 275 dikes were recorded, but they are so close together in places that it was not possible to show them all on the map.The climate is semitropical, the mean annual temperature of Lanai City, altitude 1,620 feet, being 68° F. Because Lanai lies to the lee of Maui Island it is dry. The mean annual rainfall ranges from 38 inches on the summit to less than 10 inches on the coast. The windward (northeast) side is carved by streams into deep canyons. Maunalei Gulch has the only perennial stream, and it does not reach the sea. Ground water, the lifeblood of Lanai is scarce. Lanai City obtains some of its water supply by a tunnel from gravel in Maumalei Gulch. This water apparently rises from the dike complex in this gulch. The rest of the supply comes from a recently constructed shaft tapping the dike complex not far downstream. The total quantity of high-level ground water discharged by springs and tunnels ranges from about 600,000 gallons a day in wet weather to about 250,000 gallons a day in dry weather. The basal water, although potable, is fairly high in salt. Several sites are recommended for developing and conserving ground water.Kahoolawe Island is 11 miles long, 6 miles wide, 1,491 feet high, covers 45 square miles, and lies 94 miles southeast of Honolulu and 6 3/4 miles southwest of Maui. It is a shield-shaped extinct volcano composed chiefly of thin flows of primitive basalt poured in rapid succession from three rift zones and a vent at their intersection. At one stage the volcano was indented with a caldera about 3 miles across which was later completely filled. A graben led southwestward from it. The rocks are divided into Late Tertiary (?) or early Pleistocene(?) pre-caldera basalts, caldera-filling basalts and basaltic andesites, post-caldera basalts and andesites, and Recent post erosional basalts. A few thin vitric tuff beds and cinder cones were found. Marine erosion has cut cliffs as high as 800 feet along the east and south shores and exposed a cross section of the caldera. Only shallow ephemeral gulches exist. The entire summit has been eroded to a hard-pan surface by the wind as a result of the vegetation being destroyed by livestock. The island is semi-arid and well water is needed for stook: "The stook is now supplied entirely from storage of rain and flood waters. During droughts water is hauled by boat from the island of Maui. All the wells dug so far yield water that is too brackish for stock except at the fairly inaccessible south side of Kanapou Bay. The resistivity survey indicates a water table 1.5 feet or less above sea level for 2.25 miles inland. A few sites for wells are recommended in the dike complex where small supplies of water suitable for stock might be found. Petrographic studies by Gordon A. Macdonald indicate that the pre-caldera and caldera-filling lavas are largely normal olivine basalt of the type which forms the bulk of all Hawaiian volcanoes thus far investigated. It represents the undifferentiated magma of the Hawaiian petrographic province. Toward the close of the caldera-filling epoch the vent became less active, and magmatic differentiation produced basaltic andesites, which are interbedded with normal basalts. The post-caldera lavas are largely basaltic andesites and andesites. The much younger lavas, erupted after a period of extensive erosion, are olivine basalts similar in composition to the pre-caldera flows. The mineralogy of the Kahoolawe rocks is described in detail.

Kilauea summit overflows: Their ages and distribution in the Puna District, Hawai'i

USGS Publications Warehouse

Clague, D.A.; Hagstrum, J.T.; Beeson, M.H.; Champion, D.E.

1999-01-01

The tube-fed pahoehoe lava flows covering much of the northeast flank of Kilauea Volcano are named the 'Aila'au flows. Their eruption age, based on published and six new radiocarbon dates, is approximately AD 1445. The flows have distinctive paleomagnetic directions with steep inclinations (40??-50??) and easterly declinations (0??-10??E). The lava was transported ~40 km from the vent to the coast in long, large-diameter lava tubes; the longest tube (Kazumura Cave) reaches from near the summit to within several kilometers of the coast near Kaloli Point. The estimated volume of the 'Aila'au flow field is 5.2 ?? 0.8 km3, and the eruption that formed it probably lasted for approximately 50 years. Summit overflows from Kilauea may have been nearly continuous between approximately AD 1290 and 1470, during which time a series of shields formed at and around the summit. The 'Aila'au shield was either the youngest or the next to youngest in this series of shields. Site-mean paleomagnetic directions for lava flows underlying the 'Aila'au flows form only six groups. These older pahoehoe flows range in age from 2750 to 2200 years. Lava flows from most of these summit eruptions also reached the coast, but none appears as extensive as the 'Aila'au flow field. The chemistry of the melts erupted during each of these summit overflow events is remarkably similar, averaging approximately 6.3 wt.% MgO near the coast and 6.8 wt.% MgO near the summit. The present-day caldera probably formed more recently than the eruption that formed the 'Aila'au flows (estimated termination ca. AD 1470). The earliest explosive eruptions that formed the Keanakako'i Ash, which is stratigraphically above the 'Aila'au flows, cannot be older than this age.

Ground Tilt Time Delays between Kilauea Volcano's Summit and East Rift Zone Caused by Magma Reservoir Buffering

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Haney, M. M.; Patrick, M. R.; Anderson, K. R.

2016-12-01

A cyclic pattern of ground deformation, called a deflation-inflation (DI) cycle, is commonly observed at Kilauea Volcano, Hawai`i. These cycles are an important part of Kilauea's eruptive activity because they directly influence the level of the summit lava lake as well as the effusion rate (and resulting lava flow hazard) at the East Rift Zone eruption site at Pu`u `O`o. DI events normally span several days, and are measured both at the summit and at Pu`u `O`o cone (20 km distance). Signals appear first at the summit and are then observed at Pu`u `O`o after an apparent delay of between 0.5 and 10 hours, which has been previously interpreted as reflecting magma transport time. We propose an alternate explanation, in which the apparent delay is an artifact of buffering by the small magma reservoir thought to exist at Pu`u `O`o. Simple Poiseuille flow modeling demonstrates that this apparent delay can be reproduced by the changing balance of inflow (from the summit) and outflow (to surface lava flows) at the Pu`u `O`o magma reservoir. The apparent delay is sensitive to the geometry of the conduit leaving Pu`u `O`o, feeding surface lava flows. We demonstrate how the reservoir buffering is quantitatively equivalent to a causal low-pass filter, which explains both the apparent delay as well as the smoothed, skewed nature of the signal at Pu`u `O`o relative to the summit. By comparing summit and Pu`u `O`o ground tilt signals over an extended time period, it may be possible to constrain the changing geometry of the shallow magmatic system through time.

Distribution of epibenthic megafauna and lebensspuren on two central North Pacific seamounts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kaufmann, Ronald S.; Wakefield, W. Waldo; Genin, Amatzia

1989-12-01

The abundance, composition and spatial distribution of megafaunal communities and lebensspuren assemblages at three sites on two deep seamounts in the central North Pacific were surveyed photographically using still cameras mounted on the research submersible Alvin. Photographic transects were made on the summit cap (˜1500 m depth) and summit perimeter (˜ 1800 m depth) of Horizon Guyot and on the summit cap (˜3100 m depth) of Magellan Rise. The summit caps of both seamounts were covered with foraminiferal sand, while the summit perimeter of Horizon Guyot was characterized by numerous rock outcroppings (basalt and chert encrusted with ferromanganese oxides) on which was situated a speciose assemblage of suspension-feeding organisms. The most abundant megafauna at all three sites were large, sediment-agglutinating protists belonging to the class Xenophyophorea. Among the three sites, the Horizon Guyot summit cap supported the highest densities of fishes and lebensspuren and the fewest echinoderms, while the Magellan Rise summit cap was populated by a diverse community of deposit-feeding echinoderms. Megafaunal abundances on Horizon Guyot were lower than those at equivalent depths on the western North Atlantic continental slope, while those on Magellan Rise were higher. The faunal differences observed between the two seamounts were attributed primarily to differences in hydrodynamic conditions, substrate availability and nutrient availability. Most of the lebensspuren on these seamounts appeared to be patchily distributed on spatial scales of 10-1000 m, while xenophyophore distributions were predominantly random on the same spatial scales. Biogeographically the species identified exhibited predominantly widespread to cosmopolitan distributions with Indo-West Pacific faunal affinities, typical of other seamounts in the same depth range and biogeographic province.

Proceedings of the November 2011 Traceability Research Summit: this report is the third in a series on Traceability Summits sponsored by IFT beginning in July 2011.

PubMed

Hickey, Caitlin; Bhatt, Tejas

2013-12-01

Fifty thought leaders in the area of food traceability met for a 3rd time to discuss methodologies and finalize the principles that define their vision for traceability. Participants in the summit included representatives from industry, trade associations, government, academia, consumer groups, and more. One main focus of this summit included a discussion on the current regulations and voluntary initiatives in place regarding traceability. Overall, it was recognized that the recommendations from this summit group would be more specific and stringent in comparison to these current regulations and initiatives. The participants sought to be leaders in the traceability arena, with their recommendations leading the industry to optimal traceability systems and methods. Participants agreed on many principles for their vision of traceability, emphasizing the importance of access to traceability data. They discussed having industry be asked for "basic" tracing data prior to the need for a large-scale investigation, having standards for sharing data, and having the data in electronic form. Participants foresaw the importance of capturing data electronically in the future, although they recognized that many firms do not currently do this. The group also saw a need for a transition period to implement changes, and to provide implementation training and resource aid to small businesses. Summit participants discussed specific definitions and examples for key data elements and critical tracking events that could be used by industry to capture tracing data at specific points within the supply chain. Overall, participants refined the goals of the summit group and started to identify specific ways to achieve those goals. © 2013 Institute of Food Technologists®

Mass intrusion beneath Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, constraints from gravity and geodetic measurements (1975-2008)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bagnardi, M.; Eggers, A.; Battaglia, M.; Poland, M.; Johnson, D.

2008-12-01

Since January 3 1983, Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, has erupted almost continuously from vents on the volcano's east rift zone. On March 19, 2008, an explosion at Halema'uma'u Crater, within the summit caldera of Kilauea, marked the opening of a second eruptive vent on the volcano. The east rift vent at Pu'u'O'o and the summit vent at Halema'uma'u continue to be active as of August 2008, marking the longest interval in Kilauea's recorded history of eruptive activity on the volcano. Four gravity surveys with a network covering Kilauea's summit area have been performed during 1975-2003. We reoccupied this 45-station network in January and July 2008 with three portable LaCoste-Romberg gravimeters (G209, G615 and EG026) using a double-looping procedure. These two most recent gravity surveys span the onset of summit eruptive activity. The micro-gravity data set, combined with existing geodetic data from leveling, GPS, EDM, and InSAR, allow us to investigate and model the shallow magma system under the summit caldera to roughly constrain its shape, position, volume change and density, and better understand its long and short term evolution. We corrected for the effect of vertical deformation on gravity data (the so-called free-air effect) using uplift measurements from annual surveys performed by the USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory. Preliminary analysis of this record, which covers more than 30 years, indicates a persistent positive residual gravity anomaly located at the southeast margin of Halema'uma'u Crater, very close to the location of the new summit eruptive vent. This anomaly suggests a long term mass accumulation beneath the summit caldera.

Consistently dated records from three Greenland ice cores reveal regional millennial-scale isotope gradients with possible Heinrich Event imprint

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Seierstad, Inger K.; Rasmussen, Sune O.

2014-05-01

We here present records from the NGRIP, GRIP and GISP2 ice cores tied to the same chronology for the past 104 ka at an unprecedented time resolution. The three ice cores have been linked by matching distinct peaks in volcanic proxy records and other impurity records from the three ice cores, assuming that these layers of elevated impurity content represent the same, instantaneous event in the past at all three sites. In total there are more than 900 identified marker horizons between the three cores including previously published match points, of which we introduce a minor revision. Our matching is independently confirmed by new and existing volcanic ash layers (tephra). The depth-depth relationship from the detailed matching is used to transfer the most recent and widely used Greenland ice core chronology, the GICC05modelext timescale, to the two Summit cores, GRIP and GISP2. Furthermore, we provide gas chronologies for the Summit cores that are consistent with the GICC05modelext timescale by utilizing both existing and new unpublished gas data. A comparison of the GICC05modelext and the former GISP2 timescale reveals major discrepancies in short time intervals during the glacial section. We detect a pronounced change in the relative annual layer thickness between the two Summit sites and NGRIP across the Last Glacial termination and early-to-mid Holocene, which can be explained by a relative accumulation increase at NGRIP compared to the Summit region as response to the onset of the Holocene and the climatic optimum. Between stadials and interstadials we infer that the accumulation contrast typically was nearly 10% greater at Summit compared to at NGRIP. The δ18O temperature-proxy records from NGRIP, GRIP and GISP2 are generally very similar and display a synchronous behavior at climate transitions, but the δ18O differences between Summit and NGRIP is slowly changing over the last glacial-interglacial cycle superimposed by abrupt millennial-to centennial scale anomalies. We suggest that the latitudinal δ18O gradient during the glacial is result of 1) relatively higher degree of precipitation with a Pacific signature at NGRIP, 2) increased summer bias at Summit, and 3) enhanced Raleigh distillation process due to and increased source-to-site distance, and we conclude that this is governed by North American Ice Sheet (NAIS) volume and North Atlantic sea-ice extent and/or sea-surface temperatures (SST) at orbital timescales, while changing sea-ice extent and SSTs are the driving mechanisms on shorter timescales. We assert that δ18O difference maxima can be linked to Heinrich Events, which is associated with southwards expansion of polar waters and low SSTs in the North Atlantic, and ths propose a direct link between the marine realm and the Greenland ice core records. The work presented is under review for publication in Quaternary Science Reviews. Author team: I.K. Seierstad, P. Abbott, M. Bigler, T. Blunier, A. Bourne, E. Brook, S.L. Buchardt, C. Buizert, H.B. Clausen, E. Cook, D. Dahl-Jensen, S.Davies, M. Guillevic, S.J. Johnsen, D.S. Pedersen, T.J. Popp, S.O. Rasmussen, J. Severinghaus, A. Svensson, B.M. Vinther (deceased).

Summit Crater of Mauna Loa

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

Astronauts obtained this detailed image of the summit caldera of Mauna Loa volcano, called Mokuaweoweo Caldera. Mauna Loa is the largest volcano on our planet-the summit elevation is 4,170 m (over 13,600 ft), but the volcano's summit rises 9 km above the sea floor. The sharp features of the summit caldera and lava flows that drain outward from the summit are tribute to the fact that Mauna Loa is one of the Earth's most active volcanoes. The most recent eruption was in 1984. The straight line the cuts through the center of the crater from top to bottom is a rift zone-an area that pulls apart as magma reaches the surface. A weather observatory run by NOAA's Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Lab is on the volcano's north slope at 11,000 ft (3397 m). This facility, known as the Mauna Loa Observatory, is the site where scientists have documented the constantly increasing concentrations of global atmospheric carbon dioxide. Other resources about Mauna Loa: http://wwwhvo.wr.usgs.gov/maunaloa/ http://www.cmdl.noaa.gov/obop/mlo/ http://www.volcano.si.edu/gvp/usgs/vol_archive/maunaloa.htm Astronaut photograph ISS005-E-7002 was provided by the Earth Sciences and Image Analysis Laboratory at Johnson Space Center. Additional images taken by astronauts and cosmonauts can be viewed at the NASA-JSC Gateway to Astronaut Photography of Earth.

The Many Faces of Patient-Centered Simulation: Implications for Researchers.

PubMed

Arnold, Jennifer L; McKenzie, Frederic Rick D; Miller, Jane Lindsay; Mancini, Mary E

2018-06-01

Patient-centered simulation for nonhealthcare providers is an emerging and innovative application for healthcare simulation. Currently, no consensus exists on what patient-centered simulation encompasses and outcomes research in this area is limited. Conceptually, patient-centered simulation aligns with the principles of patient- and family-centered care bringing this educational tool directly to patients and caregivers with the potential to improve patient care and outcomes. This descriptive article is a summary of findings presented at the 2nd International Meeting for Simulation in Healthcare Research Summit. Experts in the field delineated a categorization for better describing patient-centered simulation and reviewed the literature to identify a research agenda. Three types of patient-centered simulation patient-directed, patient-driven, and patient-specific are presented with research priorities identified for each. Patient-centered simulation has been shown to be an effective educational tool and has the potential to directly improve patient care outcomes. Presenting a typology for patient-centered simulation provides direction for future research.

Priorities of health policy: cost shifting or population health

PubMed Central

Richardson, Jeff RJ

2005-01-01

Background This paper is an edited version of an invited paper submitted to the Australian Health Care Summit on 17–19 August 2003. It comments upon the policies which have dominated recent debate and contrasts their importance with the importance of five issues which have received relatively little attention. Methods Policy is usually a response to identified problems and the paper examines the nature and size of the problems which heave led to recent policy initiatives. These are contrasted with the magnitude and potential cost effectiveness policies to address the problems in five areas of comparative neglect. Results It is argued that recent and proposed changes to the financing and delivery of health services in Australia have focused upon issues of relatively minor significance while failing to address adequately major inequities and system deficiencies. Conclusion There is a need for an independent review of the health system with the terms of reference focusing attention upon large system-wide failures. PMID:15679895

Improving the health status of Caribbean people: recommendations from the Triangulating on Health Equity summit.

PubMed

Sastre, Francisco; Rojas, Patria; Cyrus, Elena; De La Rosa, Mario; Khoury, Aysha H

2014-09-01

In 2011, Morehouse School of Medicine convened a summit in San Juan, Puerto Rico, to discuss issues related to the health status of people and communities in the Caribbean region. The summit provided a forum for transparent dialog among researchers, policymakers, and advocates from the Caribbean region and the United States. The summit's theme-improving the region's health outcomes through the adoption of effective practices linking health promotion and primary care, within the context of social and cultural determinants-called for a comprehensive and integrative model or a triangulation of methodologies to improve health outcomes. This article summarizes the recommendations of two workgroup sessions examining the challenges to improving health outcomes in the region and the opportunities to meet those challenges. The recommendations seek to develop action-oriented agendas that integrate research, practice, and policy. Outcomes of the summit highlight the importance of (a) community participation in planning interventions, (b) policymakers' commitment to prioritizing health, and (c) Caribbean governments' commitment to addressing the underlying social factors responsible for poor health outcomes. © The Author(s) 2014.

Academy of Osseointegration's Summit on Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Edentulous Maxilla: Overview, Process, and Outcomes-Changing the Face of Implant Dentistry.

PubMed

Stanford, Clark M

2016-01-01

Starting in 2012, the Academy of Osseointegration initiated the planning process for an AO Summit to develop clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for management of the edentulous maxilla. A planning committee led by Professor Clark Stanford and Dr Ole Jensen created a work plan based on five domain areas to be addressed by the summit. The five domain areas were defined as: (1) role of grafting for ridge development for implant placement, (2) role of implant design and systems in management of the edentulous maxilla, (3) role of imaging to guide implant placement, (4) role of biologics to assist in ridge development, and (5) role of prosthetic management. The summit was held in August 2014, and the results are presented in this overview. All of the supporting systematic reviews and the detailed CPGs are presented in this special edition of JOMI. While the evidence was observed to be weak in regard to the literature for most of the systematic reviews, the summit strived to establish the current best evidence and practical CPGs that will assist clinicians in practice.

Suspect screening and non-targeted analysis of drinking water using point-of-use filters.

PubMed

Newton, Seth R; McMahen, Rebecca L; Sobus, Jon R; Mansouri, Kamel; Williams, Antony J; McEachran, Andrew D; Strynar, Mark J

2018-03-01

Monitored contaminants in drinking water represent a small portion of the total compounds present, many of which may be relevant to human health. To understand the totality of human exposure to compounds in drinking water, broader monitoring methods are imperative. In an effort to more fully characterize the drinking water exposome, point-of-use water filtration devices (Brita ® filters) were employed to collect time-integrated drinking water samples in a pilot study of nine North Carolina homes. A suspect screening analysis was performed by matching high resolution mass spectra of unknown features to molecular formulas from EPA's DSSTox database. Candidate compounds with those formulas were retrieved from the EPA's CompTox Chemistry Dashboard, a recently developed data hub for approximately 720,000 compounds. To prioritize compounds into those most relevant for human health, toxicity data from the US federal collaborative Tox21 program and the EPA ToxCast program, as well as exposure estimates from EPA's ExpoCast program, were used in conjunction with sample detection frequency and abundance to calculate a "ToxPi" score for each candidate compound. From ∼15,000 molecular features in the raw data, 91 candidate compounds were ultimately grouped into the highest priority class for follow up study. Fifteen of these compounds were confirmed using analytical standards including the highest priority compound, 1,2-Benzisothiazolin-3-one, which appeared in 7 out of 9 samples. The majority of the other high priority compounds are not targets of routine monitoring, highlighting major gaps in our understanding of drinking water exposures. General product-use categories from EPA's CPCat database revealed that several of the high priority chemicals are used in industrial processes, indicating the drinking water in central North Carolina may be impacted by local industries. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Enhancing participatory approach in water resources management: development of a survey to evaluate stakeholders needs and priorities related to software capabilities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Foglia, L.; Rossetto, R.; Borsi, I.; Josef, S.; Boukalova, Z.; Triana, F.; Ghetta, M.; Sabbatini, T.; Bonari, E.; Cannata, M.; De Filippis, G.

2016-12-01

The EU H2020 FREEWAT project (FREE and open source software tools for WATer resource management) aims at simplifying the application of EU-water related Directives, by developing an open source and public domain, GIS-integrated platform for planning and management of ground- and surface-water resources. The FREEWAT platform is conceived as a canvas, where several distributed and physically-based simulation codes are virtually integrated. The choice of such codes was supported by the result of a survey performed by means of questionnaires distributed to 14 case study FREEWAT project partners and several stakeholders. This was performed in the first phase of the project within the WP 6 (Enhanced science and participatory approach evidence-based decision making), Task 6.1 (Definition of a "needs/tools" evaluation grid). About 30% among all the invited entities and institutions from several EU and non-EU Countries expressed their interest in contributing to the survey. Most of them were research institutions, government and geoenvironmental companies and river basin authorities.The result of the questionnaire provided a spectrum of needs and priorities of partners/stakeholders, which were addressed during the development phase of the FREEWAT platform. The main needs identified were related to ground- and surface-water quality, sustainable water management, interaction between groundwater/surface-water bodies, and design and management of Managed Aquifer Recharge schemes. Needs and priorities were then connected to the specific EU Directives and Regulations to be addressed.One of the main goals of the questionnaires was to collect information and suggestions regarding the use of existing commercial/open-source software tools to address needs and priorities, and regarding the needs to address specific water-related processes/problems.

National Tribal Building Codes Summit

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

National Tribal Building Codes summit statement developed to support tribes interested in adopting green and culturally-appropriate building systems to ensure safe, sustainable, affordable, and culturally-appropriate buildings on tribal lands.

Industry progress report on neuro-oncology: Biotech update 2013.

PubMed

Ottenhausen, Malte; Bodhinayake, Imithri; Banu, Matei; Kesavabhotla, Kartik; Ray, Ashley; Boockvar, John A

2013-11-01

For the second time, The Brain Tumor Center of the Weill Cornell Brain and Spine Center, in collaboration with Voices Against Brain Cancer, hosted The Brain Tumor Biotech Summit in New York City in June 2013. After a very successful first summit in 2012, this innovative event has established a platform for intensive networking between neuro-oncologists, neurosurgeons, neuroscientists, members of the biotechnology and pharmaceutical communities, members of the financial community and leaders of non-profit organizations. This year's summit highlighted dendritic cell vaccines, novel antibody, heat shock protein and targeted therapies as well as exosome technologies, MRI-guided therapies and other novel drug delivery tools. This report presents a short overview of the current progress in brain tumor research and therapy as presented at the 2013 Brain Tumor Biotech Summit.

sCO2 Power Cycles Summit Summary November 2017.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mendez Cruz, Carmen Margarita; Rochau, Gary E.; Lance, Blake

Over the past ten years, the Department of Energy (DOE) has helped to develop components and technologies for the Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (sCO2) power cycle capable of efficient operation at high temperatures and high efficiency. The DOE Offices of Fossil Energy, Nuclear Energy, and Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy collaborated in the planning and execution of the sCO2 Power Cycle Summit conducted in Albuquerque, NM in November 2017. The summit brought together participants from government, national laboratories, research, and industry to engage in discussions regarding the future of sCO 2 Power Cycles Technology. This report summarizes the work involved inmore » summit planning and execution, before, during, and after the event, including the coordination between three DOE offices and technical content presented at the event.« less

Controls on lava lake level at Halema`uma`u Crater, Kilauea Volcano

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Patrick, M. R.; Orr, T. R.

2013-12-01

Lava level is a fundamental measure of lava lake activity, but very little continuous long-term data exist worldwide to explore this aspect of lava lake behavior. The ongoing summit eruption at Kilauea Volcano began in 2008 and is characterized by an active lava lake within the eruptive vent. Lava level has been measured nearly continuously at Kilauea for several years using a combination of webcam images, laser rangefinder, and terrestrial LIDAR. Fluctuations in lava level have been a common aspect of the eruption and occur over several timescales. At the shortest timescale, the lava lake level can change over seconds to hours owing to two observed shallow gas-related processes. First, gas pistoning is common and is driven by episodic gas accumulation and release from the surface of the lava lake, causing the lava level to rise and fall by up to 20 m. Second, rockfalls into the lake trigger abrupt gas release, and lava level may drop as much as 10 m as a result. Over days, cyclic changes in lava level closely track cycles of deflation-inflation (DI) deformation events at the summit, leading to level changes up to 50 m. Rift zone intrusions have caused large (up to 140 m) drops in lava level over several days. On the timescale of weeks to months, the lava level follows the long-term inflation and deflation of the summit region, resulting in level changes up to 140 m. The remarkable correlation between lava level and deflation-inflation cycles, as well as the long-term deformation of the summit region, indicates that the lava lake acts as a reliable 'piezometer' (a measure of liquid pressure in the magma plumbing system); therefore, assessments of summit pressurization (and rift zone eruption potential) can now be carried out with the naked eye. The summit lava lake level is closely mirrored by the lava level within Pu`u `O`o crater, the vent area for the 30-year-long eruption on Kilauea's east rift zone, which is 20 km downrift of the summit. The coupling of these lava levels implies an efficient hydraulic connection between the summit and east rift zone vents. This connection has been indicated previously with geophysical data and is reinforced in a new quantitative manner with lava level data. Lastly, the current lava level at the summit is significantly lower than the mean level measured in the crater during continuous lava lake activity in the early 1900s. This is probably because the ongoing eruption at Pu`u `O`o 'taps' the magma supplied to the summit reservoir. Should the Pu`u `O`o eruption stop, the lava level at the summit would certainly rise in response. The precise correspondence between lava lake level and deformation of the summit implies that the lake level is a good indication of the pressure state of the magma reservoir. Tracking lava level over time may therefore provide an indication of the potential for future changes in eruptive activity. Such an observation has clear relevance for monitoring analogous open-vent basaltic volcanoes, especially where other measures of volcanic activity, like seismic or deformation measurements, may be lacking.

Full-wave Ambient Noise Tomography of Mt Rainier volcano, USA

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Flinders, Ashton; Shen, Yang

2015-04-01

Mount Rainier towers over the landscape of western Washington (USA), ranking with Fuji-yama in Japan, Mt Pinatubo in the Philippines, and Mt Vesuvius in Italy, as one of the great stratovolcanoes of the world. Notwithstanding its picturesque stature, Mt Rainier is potentially the most devastating stratovolcano in North America, with more than 3.5 million people living beneath is shadow in the Seattle-Tacoma area. The primary hazard posed by the volcano is in the form of highly destructive debris flows (lahars). These lahars form when water and/or melted ice erode away and entrain preexisting volcanic sediment. At Mt Rainier these flows are often initiated by sector collapse of the volcano's hydrothermally rotten flanks and compounded by Mt Rainier's extensive snow and glacial ice coverage. It is therefore imperative to ascertain the extent of the volcano's summit hydrothermal alteration, and determine areas prone to collapse. Despite being one of the sixteen volcanoes globally designated by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior as warranting detailed and focused study, Mt Rainier remains enigmatic both in terms of the shallow internal structure and the degree of summit hydrothermal alteration. We image this shallow internal structure and areas of possible summit alteration using ambient noise tomography. Our full waveform forward modeling includes high-resolution topography allowing us to accuratly account for the effects of topography on the propagation of short-period Rayleigh waves. Empirical Green's functions were extracted from 80 stations within 200 km of Mt Rainier, and compared with synthetic greens functions over multiple frequency bands from 2-28 seconds.

Investigating Mars: Ascraeus Mons

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-09-06

This image shows part of the complex caldera at the summit of the volcano. Calderas are found at the tops of volcanoes and are the source region for magma that rises from an underground lava source to erupt at the surface. Volcanoes are formed by repeated flows from the central caldera. The final eruptions can pool within the summit caldera, leaving a flat surface as they cool. Calderas are also a location of collapse, creating rings of tectonic faults that form the caldera rim. Ascraeus Mons has several caldera features at its summit. The Odyssey spacecraft has spent over 15 years in orbit around Mars, circling the planet more than 69000 times. It holds the record for longest working spacecraft at Mars. THEMIS, the IR/VIS camera system, has collected data for the entire mission and provides images covering all seasons and lighting conditions. Over the years many features of interest have received repeated imaging, building up a suite of images covering the entire feature. From the deepest chasma to the tallest volcano, individual dunes inside craters and dune fields that encircle the north pole, channels carved by water and lava, and a variety of other feature, THEMIS has imaged them all. For the next several months the image of the day will focus on the Tharsis volcanoes, the various chasmata of Valles Marineris, and the major dunes fields. We hope you enjoy these images! Orbit Number: 52847 Latitude: 11.2724 Longitude: 255.564 Instrument: VIS Captured: 2013-11-12 08:41 https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA21828

Investigating Mars: Ascraeus Mons

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-08-30

This image shows part of the complex caldera at the summit of the volcano. Calderas are found at the tops of volcanoes and are the source region for magma that rises from an underground lava source to erupt at the surface. Volcanoes are formed by repeated flows from the central caldera. The final eruptions can pool within the summit caldera, leaving a flat surface as they cool. Calderas are also a location of collapse, creating rings of tectonic faults that form the caldera rim. Ascraeus Mons has several caldera features at its summit. The Odyssey spacecraft has spent over 15 years in orbit around Mars, circling the planet more than 69000 times. It holds the record for longest working spacecraft at Mars. THEMIS, the IR/VIS camera system, has collected data for the entire mission and provides images covering all seasons and lighting conditions. Over the years many features of interest have received repeated imaging, building up a suite of images covering the entire feature. From the deepest chasma to the tallest volcano, individual dunes inside craters and dune fields that encircle the north pole, channels carved by water and lava, and a variety of other feature, THEMIS has imaged them all. For the next several months the image of the day will focus on the Tharsis volcanoes, the various chasmata of Valles Marineris, and the major dunes fields. We hope you enjoy these images! Orbit Number: 17440 Latitude: 11.128 Longitude: 255.731 Instrument: VIS Captured: 2005-11-19 08:59 https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA21822

December 1990 EPA/Corps Enforcement Priorities Guidance

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Document from 1990 providing guidance to EPA Regions and Army Corps of Engineers on enforcement priorities for unauthorized discharges of dredged or fill materials in violation of section 301 of the Clean Water Act (CWA).

Strategy of Water Pollution Control Base On Social Economic Activitiy, in Karang Mumus River, Samarinda East Kalimantan, Indonesia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pramaningsih, Vita; Suprayogi, Slamet; Purnama, Setyawan

2018-02-01

Water Pollution in Karang Mumus River caused society behavior along the river. Daily activity such as bath, washing and defecate at the river. Garbage, sediment, domestic waste and flood are river problems should be solved. Purpose this research is make strategy of water pollution control in the Karang Mumus River. Method used observation in the field, interview to the society, industry, public activity along the river and government of environment department. Further create data using tool of Analysis Hierarchy Process (AHP) to get the strategy to control water pollution in the river. Actors have contribute pollution control are government, industry and society. Criteria to pollution control are society participation, low, human resources and sustainable. Alternative of pollution control are unit garbage storage; license loyalty for industry and waste; communal waste water installation; monitoring of water quality. Result for actor priority are government (0.4); Industry (0.4); Society (0.2). Result for priority criteria are society participation (0.338), low (0.288), human resources (0.205) and sustainable (0.169). Result for priority alternative are unit garbage storage (0.433); license loyalty for industry and waste (0.238); communal waste water installation (0.169); monitoring of water quality (0.161).

The evaluation of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassiper) control program in Rawapening Lake, Central Java Indonesia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hidayati, N.; Soeprobowati, T. R.; Helmi, M.

2018-03-01

The existence of water hyacinths and other aquatic plants have been a major concern in Rawapening Lake for many years. Nutrient input from water catchment area and fish feed residues suspected to leads eutrophication, a condition that induces uncontrolled growth of aquatic plants. In dry season, aquatic plants cover almost 70% of lake area. This problem should be handled properly due to wide range of lake function such as water resources, fish farming, power plants, flood control, irrigation and many other important things. In 2011, Rawapening Lake was appointed as pilot project of Save Indonesian Lake Movement: the Indonesian movement for lakes ecosystem conservation and rehabilitation. This project consists of 6 super priority programs and 11 priority programs. This paper will evaluate the first super priority program which aims to control water hyacinth bloom. Result show that the three indicators in water hyacinth control program was not achieved. The coverage area of Water hyacinth was not reduced, tend to increase during period 2012 to 2016. We suggesting better coordination should be performed in order to avoid policies misinterpretation and to clarify the authority from each institution. We also give a support to the establishment of lake zonation plan and keep using all the three methods of cleaning water hyacinth with a maximum population remained at 20%.

A Foamy Lava Lake at Kilauea Volcano, Hawai`i

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Poland, M. P.; Carbone, D.

2012-12-01

Kilauea Volcano, in Hawai`i, is currently erupting from two locations simultaneously: along the east rift zone and at the summit. The east rift zone eruption began in 1983 and is characterized by lava effusion from the Pu`u `O`o and nearby vents, while the summit eruptive vent, which opened in 2008, persistently emits gas and small amounts of ash while hosting a lava lake. On March 5, 2011, a dike initiated from the east rift zone magma conduit and reached the surface, resulting in the 4.5-day-long Kamoamoa fissure eruption just uprift of Pu`u `O`o. The eruption was accompanied by summit deflation as magma withdrew from subsurface reservoirs to feed the fissure eruption. The level of the summit lava lake dropped as the summit deflated. A continuously recording gravimeter located at Kilauea's summit (about 150 m east of the center of the summit eruptive vent, 80 m above the vent rim, and about 140 m above the highest level reached by the lava lake) measured a gravity decrease of about 150 μGal during the lava level drop, after taking into account corrections for the solid Earth tide. The gravity signal is caused by a combination of three processes. First, subsidence of 15 cm due to summit deflation moved the gravimeter closer to the center of the Earth, resulting in a gravity increase. Second, mass removal from the subsurface magma reservoir at a depth of 1.4 km (based on a model from GPS and InSAR data) caused a gravity decrease. Third, the drop in the level of the lava lake, which reached a maximum of about 150 m, led to a gravity decrease. Assuming a simple point source of pressure change and a typical density for basaltic magma (2.3-2.7 g/cm3), the first two processes can only explain a small percent of the observed gravity decrease, which must therefore be mainly due to the drop in the level of the lava lake. We developed a numerical model of the summit eruptive vent that takes into account its complex geometry (as deduced from geological observations). Using the change in lava level over time (data courtesy of Matt Patrick), we estimated that a lava density of about 0.8 g/cm3 is required to fit the gravity time series. Gravity results, therefore, argue that the upper part of the vent is occupied by a low-density lava foam (in agreement with models of Kilauea's summit eruption from seismic, gas, and geologic data by Tim Orr and Matt Patrick) and provide the only means of quantifying the lava lake density.

Exploring Citizen Infrastructure and Environmental Priorities in Mumbai, India

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sperling, Joshua; Romero-Lankao, Patricia; Beig, Gufran

Many cities worldwide seek to understand local policy priorities among their general populations. This study explores how differences in local conditions and among citizens within and across Mumbai, India shape local infrastructure (e.g. energy, water, transport) and environmental (e.g. managing pollution, climate-related extreme weather events) policy priorities for change that may or may not be aligned with local government action or global environmental sustainability concerns such as low-carbon development. In this rapidly urbanizing city, multiple issues compete for prominence, ranging from improved management of pollution and extreme weather to energy and other infrastructure services. To inform a broader perspective ofmore » policy priorities for urban development and risk mitigation, a survey was conducted among over 1200 citizens. The survey explored the state of local conditions, the challenges citizens face, and the ways in which differences in local conditions (socio-institutional, infrastructure, and health-related) demonstrate inequities and influence how citizens perceive risks and rank priorities for the future design and implementation of local planning, policy, and community-based efforts. With growing discussion and tensions surrounding the new urban sustainable development goal, announced by the UN in late September 2015, and a new global urban agenda document to be agreed upon at 'Habitat III', issues on whether sustainable urbanization priorities should be set at the international, national or local level remain controversial. As such, this study aims to first understand determinants of and variations in local priorities across one city, with implications discussed for local-to-global urban sustainability. Findings from survey results indicate the determinants and variation in conditions such as age, assets, levels of participation in residential action groups, the health outcome of chronic asthma, and the infrastructure service of piped water provision to homes are significant in shaping the top infrastructure and environmental policy priorities that include water supply and sanitation, air pollution, waste, and extreme heat.« less

A Return To Europe: Poland And Western Security Structures Since 1991

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-02-26

allow it to possibly mediate the conflict between the EU and the Arab world. Third, Poland’s military was stretched thin and over-exerted after a...came a historic Anglo -French summit in St. Malo in December 1998. At this summit, Great Britain changed its position on European security and defense...and defense developed slowly in the EU, not gaining much traction until 1998 during the historic Anglo -French summit in St. Malo. By the time Poland

Zimbabwe: 2008 Elections and Implications for U.S. Policy

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-09-26

region.඀ President Mwanawasa reportedly suffered a stroke on the eve of the AU Summit in Sharm el- Sheikh and passed away on August 19, 2008. Since...stakeholders once the results are announced.59 At the June 29- July 1 AU Summit in Sharm el Sheikh, Egypt, Botswana’s Vice President joined leaders from...Zimbabwe, and he called on AU leaders not to allow Mugabe to attend the Sharm el-Sheikh summit. The African Union has some precedent for intervening

Conservation Below the Species Level: Suitable Evolutionarily Significant Units among Mountain Vipers (the Montivipera raddei complex) in Iran.

PubMed

Behrooz, Roozbeh; Kaboli, Mohammad; Arnal, Véronique; Nazarizadeh, Masoud; Asadi, Atefeh; Salmanian, Amin; Ahmadi, Mohsen; Montgelard, Claudine

2018-05-11

Northern and western mountains of Iran are among the most important biodiversity and endemism hot spots for reptiles in the Middle East. Among herpetofauna, the montivipers represent an emblematic and fragmented endemic group for which estimating their level of genetic differentiation and defining conservation priorities is urgently needed. Here, we present the most comprehensive phylogenetic study on the Montivipera raddei species group comprising all 5 known taxa, among which 3 are endemic to Iran. Based on 2 mitochondrial genes, phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses revealed 3 major lineages each presenting very contrasting distribution areas. The Iranian montivipers are highly structured in clades showing low genetic diversity and corresponding to high altitude summits. Molecular dating revealed the role of Quaternary paleo-climatic oscillations and altitudinal movements of montivipers in shaping genetic diversity and differentiation of these sky-island taxa. In addition, the best scenario of historical biogeography allowed identifying 3 possible refugial areas in Iran most likely arising by vicariance. Based on our mitochondrial results and pending additional data, we recognize 3 candidate species among the M. raddei complex: M. raddei, Montivipera latifii, and Montivipera kuhrangica that are coherent with their geographical distribution. We propose that the most appropriate evolutionary significant units for conservation of the montivipers are represented by 13 units among which 6 are recognized as high priority. Finally, we suggest some recommendations to the IUCN as well as to the Iranian conservation policies with respect to conservation prioritization.

High frequency and large deposition of acid fog on high elevation forest.

PubMed

Igawa, Manabu; Matsumura, Ko; Okochi, Hiroshi

2002-01-01

We have collected and analyzed fogwater on the mountainside of Mt. Oyama (1252 m) in the Tanzawa Mountains of Japan and observed the fog event frequency from the base of the mountain with a video camera. The fog event frequency increased with elevation and was observed to be present 46% of the year at the summit. The water deposition via throughfall increased with elevation because of the increase in fogwater interception and was about twice that via rain at the summit, where the air pollutant deposition via throughfall was several times that via rainwater. The dry deposition and the deposition via fogwater were dominant factors in the total ion deposition at high elevation sites. In a fog event, nitric acid, the major acid component on the mountain, is formed during the transport of the air mass from the base of the mountain along the mountainside, where gases including nitric acid deposit and are scavenged by fogwater. Therefore, high acidity caused by nitric acid and relatively low ion strength are observed in the fogwater at high elevation sites.

Port Stakeholder Summit: Advancing More Sustainable Ports (April 2014)

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

EPA's National Port Stakeholders Summit, Advancing More Sustainable Ports, focused on actions to protect air quality while reducing climate risk and supporting economic growth, making ports more environmentally sustainable.

Is Kīlauea's East Rift Zone eruption running out of gas?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sutton, A. J.; Elias, T.; Orr, T. R.; Patrick, M. R.; Poland, M. P.; Thornber, C. R.

2015-12-01

Gases exsolving from magma are a key force that drives eruptive activity, and emissions from Kīlauea's East Rift Zone (ERZ) dominated the volcano's gas release from the beginning of the long-running and voluminous Pu'u 'Ō'ō eruption in 1983, through February 2008. In the months prior to the March 2008 onset of eruptive activity within Halema'uma'u Crater, however, SO2 degassing at the summit climbed substantially, and summit gas release has remained elevated since. These unprecedented emissions associated with the new summit eruption effectively began robbing gas from magma destined for Kīlauea's ERZ. As a result, ERZ SO2discharge, which had averaged 1,700 +-380 t/d for the previous 15 years, declined sharply and steadily beginning in September, 2008, and reached a new steady low of 380 +- 100 t/d by early 2011. This level persisted through mid-2015. In the years since the late 2008 downturn in ERZ SO2 emissions, there has been an overall slowdown in ERZ eruptive activity. Elevated emissions and effusive activity occurred briefly during the 2011 Kamoamoa fissure eruption and two other outbreaks at Pu'u 'Ō'ō , but otherwise ERZ eruptive activity had waned by 2010, when effusion rates were measured at about half of the long-term rate. Also, the sulfur preserved in ERZ olivine melt-inclusions, which provides a record of pre-eruptive SO2degassing, has steadily declined along with equilibration temperatures of host olivine phenocrysts, since 2008. We suggest that the drop in gas content of magma reaching the ERZ, owing to summit pre-eruptive degassing, has contributed significantly to the downturn in ERZ activity. While SO2 emissions from the ERZ have dropped to sustained levels lower than anything seen in the past 20 years, summit emissions have remained some of the highest recorded since regular measurements began at Kīlauea in 1979. Overall, average total SO2 discharge from Kīlauea in 2014, summit and ERZ, is still about 50% higher than for the 15 years prior to 2008. The effects of summit pre-eruptive degassing observed at Kilauea may have application at other summit-rift shield volcanoes.

Recent uplift and hydrothermal activity at Tangkuban Parahu volcano, west Java, Indonesia

USGS Publications Warehouse

Dvorak, J.; Matahelumual, J.; Okamura, A.T.; Said, H.; Casadevall, T.J.; Mulyadi, D.

1990-01-01

Tangkuban Parahu is an active stratovolcano located 17 km north of the city of Bandung in the province west Java, Indonesia. All historical eruptive activity at this volcano has been confined to a complex of explosive summit craters. About a dozen eruptions-mostly phreatic events- and 15 other periods of unrest, indicated by earthquakes or increased thermal activity, have been noted since 1829. The last magmatic eruption occurred in 1910. In late 1983, several small phreatic explosions originated from one of the summit craters. More recently, increased hydrothermal and earthquake activity occurred from late 1985 through 1986. Tilt measurements, using a spirit-level technique, have been made every few months since February 1981 in the summit region and along the south and east flanks of the volcano. Measurements made in the summit region indicated uplift since the start of these measurements through at least 1986. From 1981 to 1983, the average tilt rate at the edges of the summit craters was 40-50 microradians per year. After the 1983 phreatic activity, the tilt rate decreased by about a factor of five. Trilateration surveys across the summit craters and on the east flank of the volcano were conducted in 1983 and 1986. Most line length changes measured during this three-year period did not exceed the expected uncertainty of the technique (4 ppm). The lack of measurable horizontal strain across the summit craters seems to contradict the several years of tilt measurements. Using a point source of dilation in an elastic half-space to model tilt measurements, the pressure center at Tangkuban Parahu is located about 1.5 km beneath the southern part of the summit craters. This is beneath the epicentral area of an earthquake swarm that occurred in late 1983. The average rate in the volume of uplift from 1981 to 1983 was 3 million m3 per year; from 1983 to 1986 it averaged about 0.4 million m3 per year. Possible causes for this uplift are increased pressure within a very shallow magma body or heating and expansion of a confined aquifier. ?? 1990 Springer-Verlag.

Investigating Mars: Arsia Mons

NASA Image and Video Library

2018-01-05

This THEMIS image shows part of the southern margin of the summit caldera. This image contains a variety of features representing the major events related to the formation of the volcano. At the top of the image a small linear vent has produced lava flows increasing the elevation of the surface around it. The flat floor of the caldera surrounds the vent and the cliff faces at the center of the image were created during the collapse event that formed the caldera. Depressions at the bottom illustrate collapse into empty voids like lava tubes. Arsia Mons is the southernmost of the Tharsis volcanoes. It is 270 miles (450 km) in diameter, almost 12 miles (20 km) high, and the summit caldera is 72 miles (120 km) wide. For comparison, the largest volcano on Earth is Mauna Loa. From its base on the sea floor, Mauna Loa measures only 6.3 miles high and 75 miles in diameter. A large volcanic crater known as a caldera is located at the summit of all of the Tharsis volcanoes. These calderas are produced by massive volcanic explosions and collapse. The Arsia Mons summit caldera is larger than many volcanoes on Earth. The Odyssey spacecraft has spent over 15 years in orbit around Mars, circling the planet more than 69000 times. It holds the record for longest working spacecraft at Mars. THEMIS, the IR/VIS camera system, has collected data for the entire mission and provides images covering all seasons and lighting conditions. Over the years many features of interest have received repeated imaging, building up a suite of images covering the entire feature. From the deepest chasma to the tallest volcano, individual dunes inside craters and dune fields that encircle the north pole, channels carved by water and lava, and a variety of other feature, THEMIS has imaged them all. For the next several months the image of the day will focus on the Tharsis volcanoes, the various chasmata of Valles Marineris, and the major dunes fields. We hope you enjoy these images! Orbit Number: 63900 Latitude: -10.0873 Longitude: 239.197 Instrument: VIS Captured: 2016-05-10 07:58 https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA22159

Full waveform ambient noise tomography of Mount Rainer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Flinders, A. F.; Shen, Y.

2014-12-01

Mount Rainier towers over the landscape of western Washington, ranking with Fuji-yama in Japan, Mt. Pinatubo in the Philippines, and Mt. Vesuvius in Italy, as one of the great stratovolcanoes of the world. Notwithstanding it's picturesque stature, Mt. Rainier is potentially the most devastating stratovolcano in North America, with more than 3.5 million people living beneath its shadow in the Seattle-Tacoma area. The primary hazard posed by the volcano is in the form of highly destructive volcanic debris flows (lahars). These lahars form when water and/or melted ice erode away and entrain preexisting volcanic sediment. At Mt. Rainier these flows are often initiated by sector collapse of the volcano's hydrothermally rotten flanks and compounded from Mt. Rainier's extensive snow and glacial ice coverage. It is therefore imperative to ascertain the extent of summit hydrothermal alteration within the volcano, and determine areas prone to collapse. Despite being one of the sixteen volcanoes globally designated by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior as warranting detailed and focused study, Mt. Rainier remains enigmatic both in terms of shallow internal structure and the degree of summit hydrothermal alteration. We image this shallow internal structure and areas of possible summit alteration using ambient noise tomography. Our full waveform forward modeling includes high-resolution topography, allowing us to accurately account for the effects of topography on the propagation of short-period Rayleigh waves. Empirical Green's functions were extracted from 80 stations within 200 km of Mount Rainier and compared with synthetic greens functions over multiple frequency bands from 2-28 seconds. The preliminary model shows a broad (60 km wide) low shear-wave velocity anomaly in the mid-crust beneath the volcano. The mid-crust low-velocity body extends to the surface beneath the volcano summit in a narrow near-vertical conduit, the likely path of magma ascent. There is a peculiar aseismic high Vs and low Vp/Vs zone (possibly indicative of a high quartz bearing lithology) beneath the eastern edifice. We interpret it as a possible remnant of a more felsic (and perhaps more explosive) proto Mount Rainier volcano.

Arsia Mons

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

(Released 20 May 2002) The Science This THEMIS visible image shows a portion of the summit region of Arsia Mons, one of the four giant volcanoes in the Tharsis region of Mars. This volcano stands over 20 km above the surrounding plains, and is approximately 450 km in diameter at its base. A large volcanic crater known as a 'caldera' is located at the summit of all of the Tharsis volcanoes. These calderas are produced by massive volcanic explosions and collapse. The Arsia Mons summit caldera alone is over 120 km in diameter, making it larger than many volcanoes on Earth. The THEMIS image shows a portion of the eastern wall of the caldera, revealing the steep walls and linear features associated with the collapse that formed the caldera. The ridge with linear faults that extends from the lower left toward the center right was formed at some stage during a collapse event. Several circular pits are present, and several of these pits appear to have coalesced into a long, unusual trough. These pits and troughs likely formed when lava was removed from beneath them and the overlying surface collapsed. Numerous lava flows can be seen on the floor of the caldera. Many of these flows occurred after the collapse that formed the caldera crater, and have buried many of the pre-existing features. The faulted, pitted ridge appears to have been partially flooded by these lava flows, indicating that the caldera of Arsia Mons has undergone a complex history of numerous events. The wispy bright features throughout the image are water-ice clouds that commonly form over the volcano summits during the early northern spring when this image was acquired. The Story When the Martian volcano Arsia Mons exploded long ago, it sent lava spewing out everywhere. With the removal of this molten material, the volcano then collapsed at its opening (the top of its cone) to form a sunken volcanic crater known as a caldera. You can see it more fully in the context image to the right. The eastern wall of the caldera is the pale white strip running diagonally across the bottom third of the image. By looking at this steep wall and the streaks running down its sides, you can imagine how all of the remaining material rushed down into the void left by expelled magma and ash to form the caldera depression. Numerous lava flows that occurred after the collapse texturize the floor of the caldera, and have buried many of its pre-existing features. These later lava flows might be a little harder to see, because wispy bright features blur this image slightly, giving it an almost marbled, hazy appearance. They are water-ice clouds that typically form over the volcano summits during the early northern spring. What they don't obscure very much is the raised ridge created during the collapse of the volcano's cone (running slightly north of the caldera wall along the same diagonal). Draped across the smoother caldera floor, this pitted ridge has been partially flooded by lava flows, indicating quite a complex history of geologic events has taken place here. Faults cut through the ridge, contributing to its streamer-like appearance. And, in a process somewhat like the formation of the caldera itself, all of the round and oblong pits and troughs in the ridge formed when lava was removed from underneath these areas, and the overlying surface then collapsed. Arsia Mons is one of the four giant Martian volcanoes found in a region called Tharsis. Arsia Mons is about 270 miles wide in diameter at its base, and rises 12 miles high above the surrounding plains. The caldera at its summit is more than 72 miles wide, making it larger than volcanoes on Earth. By comparison, the largest volcano on Earth is Mauna Loa on the island of Hawaii, which is about 6.3 miles high and 75 miles wide in diameter at its base.

The CI-Flow Project: A System for Total Water Level Prediction from the Summit to the Sea

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-11-01

round and may be applied to all types of coastal storms , including intense cool- season extratropical cyclones (i.e., nor’easters). In addition...associated with waves, tides, storm surge, rivers, and rainfall, including interactions at the tidal/surge interface Within this project, Cl-FLOW addresses...presented for Hurricane Isabel (2003), Hurricane Earl (20I0), and Tropical Storm Nicole (2010) for the Tar -Pamlico and Neuse River basins of North

1. Cruzatte Tank, view to southwest, 210mm lens. Undoubtedly one ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. Cruzatte Tank, view to southwest, 210mm lens. Undoubtedly one of the last wooden water tanks left on the former Southern Pacific system, the Cruzatte Tank would have been completed circa 1927 during the later construction phase of the Natron Cutoff. No longer in use, it originally supplied water to steam locomotives that stopped at Cruzatte Siding on the long climb up the grade from Oakridge to Cascade Summit. While not subject to effects from this undertaking, the Cruzatte Tank was recorded as a rare and increasingly ephemeral surviving representative of a Southern Pacific Common Standard 50,000 Gallon Wooden Water Tank, and as a contributor to the Southern Pacific Natron Cutoff. - Southern Pacific Railroad Natron Cutoff, Cruzatte Tank, Milepost 545.4, McCredie Springs, Lane County, OR

Tempest in Vailulu'u Crater

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hart, S. R.; Staudigel, H.; Koppers, A.; Young, C.; Baker, E.

2005-12-01

The summit crater of the Samoan submarine volcano, Vailulu'u, has been actively erupting since 2001. Based on water chemistry, CTD and temperature logger data from 2000 and 2001, we formulated a model for the hydrothermal system in the crater involving a tidally-modulated "breathing" (Staudigel et al., 2004). During low stands of internal waves (exterior to the crater), the crater exhales warm buoyant hydrothermal water that forms a "halo" around the crater rich in Mn, 3He, and particulates. During "high tides", cold dense external water is inhaled into the crater through the three breaches, and cascades to the crater floor. In April 2005, we used the HURL PISCES V submersible to deploy various temperature and particulate loggers and current meters in and around the crater; these were retrieved by Pisces V in July 2005. In addition, continuous CTD profiling was carried out over 12 hour tidal cycles at one location inside, and one outside, the crater. The accumulated data set fully reinforces our "breathing" model. An ADCP, deployed for 93 days in the NW breach at 752m, showed dominant easterly inflow currents and westerly outflow currents, with maximum velocities of approximately 25 cm/s. The flows were coherent for distances up to 50-60m above the ADCP; the mean inflow velocity and azimuth (20-40 m interval above the ADCP) was 7 cm/s due east; the mean outflow velocity and azimuth was 5 cm/s at 260 degrees. Mean inflows were consistently colder than outflows (5.00 C vs 5.20 C); the maximum observed range in temperature was 1.1 C, correlated with peak flow velocities. The coldest inflows would require very large regional internal wave amplitudes, up to 50-100 meters. A 2-D acoustic current meter was deployed on top of the west crater rim summit (582m) for 90 days, and in the S breach (697m) for 4 days. The summit flows are presumed to represent the regional scale currents; these were largely from the SW quadrant, with typical velocities of 8-15 cm/s, and peaks to 25 cm/s. The S breach flows had a clear semi-diurnal tidal modulation, with strong NE quadrant inflows at high velocity (15-30 cm/s), separated by short outflow spikes of 1-2 hour duration at much lower velocity (greater than10 cm/s). The outflow water was typically warmer by 0.1-0.2 C; the maximum temperature range was 0.6 C, about half of that observed at the NW breach. A 12-hour continuous profiling CTD-LBSS station was serendipitously sited on top of a large diffuse-venting hydrothermal field, in the crater moat just north of the new volcanic cone. The water column here was incredibly dynamic, with a 5-10m bottom boundary layer, 1 C above ambient, forming by diffuse flow from the basalt substrate in a matter of minutes; this layer would destabilize, detach, and rise with velocities of ~ 1 cm/sec. This buoyant water was both warmer and less saline than either the ambient crater water, or the cold outside water which occasionally cascaded onto this site from the nearby NW breach; it was also laden with particulates, with LBSS readings up to 1.7 NTU. Water chemistry and He isotope analyses are in progress.

NASA Education Stakeholder's Summit

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-09-12

NASA Administrator Charles Bolden gives keynote remarks at the NASA Education Stakeholders’ Summit One Stop Shopping Initiative (OSSI), Monday, Sep. 13, 2010, at the Westfields Marriott Conference Center in Chantilly, VA. (Photo Credit: NASA/Carla Cioffi)

2012 ARPA-E Energy Innovation Summit: Profiling General Compression: A River of Wind

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Marcus, David; Ingersoll, Eric

The third annual ARPA-E Energy Innovation Summit was held in Washington D.C. in February, 2012. The event brought together key players from across the energy ecosystem - researchers, entrepreneurs, investors, corporate executives, and government officials - to share ideas for developing and deploying the next generation of energy technologies. A few videos were selected for showing during the Summit to attendees. These 'performer videos' highlight innovative research that is ongoing and related to the main topics of the Summit's sessions. Featured in this video are David Marcus, Founder of General Compression, and Eric Ingersoll, CEO of General Compression. General Compression,more » with the help of ARPA-E funding, has created an advanced air compression process which can store and release more than a weeks worth of the energy generated by wind turbines.« less

2012 ARPA-E Energy Innovation Summit: Profiling General Compression: A River of Wind

ScienceCinema

Marcus, David; Ingersoll, Eric

2018-05-30

The third annual ARPA-E Energy Innovation Summit was held in Washington D.C. in February, 2012. The event brought together key players from across the energy ecosystem - researchers, entrepreneurs, investors, corporate executives, and government officials - to share ideas for developing and deploying the next generation of energy technologies. A few videos were selected for showing during the Summit to attendees. These 'performer videos' highlight innovative research that is ongoing and related to the main topics of the Summit's sessions. Featured in this video are David Marcus, Founder of General Compression, and Eric Ingersoll, CEO of General Compression. General Compression, with the help of ARPA-E funding, has created an advanced air compression process which can store and release more than a weeks worth of the energy generated by wind turbines.

Macrobiotic Communities of Vailulu'u Seamount, Samoan Archipelago

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Young, C. M.; Lee, R. W.; Pile, A. J.; Hudson, I. R.; Brooke, S. D.; Ted, P.; Staudigel, H.; Hart, S.; Bailey, B. E.; Haucke, L.; Koppers, A.; Konter, J.; Templeton, A.; Tebo, B.

2005-12-01

Vailulu'u, the active seamount on the hotspot at the Eastern end of the Samoan volcanic chain, was the focus of two research cruises in April and June 2005 using the Pisces V submersible. Warm-water vents on the summit of a newly formed volcanic cone in the crater supported a low-diversity community dominated by thick microbial mats and the synaphobranchid eel Dysommina rugosa. Isotope and gut analyses indicated that the eels feed not on the mats but on planktonic crustaceans imported to the system from the overlying water column. The microbial mat exhibited isotopic signatures consistent with local chemosynthesis, but not methane-based chemosynthesis; A<

The Mount Logan (Yukon) Ice Cores: Preliminary Results

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fisher, D. A.

2004-05-01

Three ice cores were taken at different elevations on or near My Logan in the years 2001 and 2002. The summit core (PRCol) comes from the summit plateau ( 5340 masl, length 187 m to bedrock, mean temperature -29 C ) and was done by the Geological Survey of Canada. The NIPR group cored 210m on the flanks of the mountain at King Col (4200 masl mean temperature -16C) and the UNH group cored 20 km from the mountain at Eclipse "Dome" (3015 masl,length 345 m mean temperature -5C) . The three cores were done cooperatively by GSC, NIPR and UNH and cover nominally 30 ka, 1 ka and 2ka respectively . Located very close to the Gulf of Alaska these core records are thought to reflect the climate history of the Pacific Ocean and having three widely spaced elevations, the sites "see" different distances to different sources. The lowest site (Eclipse) has excellent seasonals but a very muted δ 18O history with no obvious little ice age, whereas the most recent 1ka of the PRCol summit sites contains two very large and sudden δ 18O and d (deuterium excess) shifts at 1850 AD and ~ 800 AD. The δ 18O shifts which happen from one year to the next are about 4 o/oo . The summit site (PRCol) δ 18O response is "backwards", ie the Little Ice Age δ 18O values are 4 o/oo more positive than recent ones. The PRCol δ 18O and d suggest that the source water can either be ëlocalí (Gulf of Alaska) or very distant (tropics) . The Eclipse site seems only to get the local water . A massive dust storm originating in central Asia (Gobi) in April 2001 dumped a visible layer all over the St Elias Mountains and this layer was sampled, to provide a calibration "Asian dust event". The satellite and isotoic signatures both agreed that Gobi was the source. The PRCol record covers the Holocene and well back into the ice age. The transition is defined by a sudden ECM shift on the flanks of a more gradual O18 shift. Acknowledgements. Logan consortium consists of : Geological Survey of Canada : Jocelyne Bourgeois, Mike Demuth, David Fisher, Roy Koerner,Chris Zdanowicz, James Zheng. University of Ottawa: Ian Clarke,Raphaelle Cardyn. National Institute of Polar Research (Japan): Kumiko Goto-Azuma University of New Hampshire: Cam Wake, Kaplan Yalcin. University of Maine: Karl Kreutz, Paul Mayewski, Erich Osterberg. Arctic Institute of North America: Gerald Holdsworth. University of Washington: Eric J. Steig, Summer B. Rupper. University of Copenhagen: Dorthe Dahl-Jensen. David Fisher is the presenter but many contributed to what is a joint preliminary offering.

A Summary of the American Society of Echocardiography Foundation Value-Based Healthcare: Summit 2014: The Role of Cardiovascular Ultrasound in the New Paradigm.

PubMed

Byrd, Benjamin F; Abraham, Theodore P; Buxton, Denis B; Coletta, Anthony V; Cooper, James H S; Douglas, Pamela S; Gillam, Linda D; Goldstein, Steven A; Graf, Thomas R; Horton, Kenneth D; Isenberg, Alexis A; Klein, Allan L; Kreeger, Joseph; Martin, Randolph P; Nedza, Susan M; Navathe, Amol; Pellikka, Patricia A; Picard, Michael H; Pilotte, John C; Ryan, Thomas J; Rychik, Jack; Sengupta, Partho P; Thomas, James D; Tucker, Leslie; Wallace, William; Ward, R Parker; Weissman, Neil J; Wiener, David H; Woodruff, Sarah

2015-07-01

Value-Based Healthcare: Summit 2014 clearly achieved the three goals set forth at the beginning of this document. First, the live event informed and educated attendees through a discussion of the evolving value-based healthcare environment, including a collaborative effort to define the important role of cardiovascular ultrasound in that environment. Second, publication of these Summit proceedings in the Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography will inform a wider audience of the important insights gathered. Third, moving forward, the ASE will continue to build a ‘‘living resource’’ on its website, http://www.asecho.org, for clinicians, researchers, and administrators to use in advocating for the value of cardiovascular ultrasound in the new value-based healthcare environment. The ASE looks forward to incorporating many of the Summit recommendations as it works with its members, legislators, payers, hospital administrators, and researchers to demonstrate and increase the value of cardiovascular ultrasound. All Summit attendees shared in the infectious enthusiasm generated by this proactive approach to ensuring cardiovascular ultrasound’s place as ‘‘The Value Choice’’ in cardiac imaging.

Communication strategies to help reduce the prevalence of non-communicable diseases: Proceedings from the inaugural IFIC Foundation Global Diet and Physical Activity Communications Summit

PubMed Central

Fernstrom, Madelyn H; Reed, Kimberly A; Rahavi, Elizabeth B; Dooher, Carrie C

2012-01-01

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), which include cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes, all of which are associated with the common risk factors of poor diet and insufficient physical activity, caused 63% of all deaths globally in 2008. The increasing discussion of global NCDs, including at the 2011 United Nations General Assembly High-level Meeting on the Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases, and a request for multi-stakeholder engagement, prompted the International Food Information Council Foundation to sponsor the Global Diet and Physical Activity Communications Summit: “Insights to Motivate Healthful, Active Lifestyles” on September 19, 2011, in New York City. The Summit brought together a diverse group of stakeholders, representing 34 nations from governments; communication, health, nutrition, and fitness professions; civil society; nonprofits; academia; and the private sector. The Summit provided expert insights and best practices for the use of science-based, behavior-focused communications to motivate individuals to achieve healthful, active lifestyles, with the goal of reducing the prevalence of NCDs. Presented here are some of the highlights and key findings from the Summit. PMID:22537216

Computational fluid dynamic modeling of the summit of Mt. Hopkins for the MMT Observatory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Callahan, S.

2010-07-01

Over the past three decades, the staff of the MMT observatory used a variety of techniques to predict the summit wind characteristics including wind tunnel modeling and the release of smoke bombs. With the planned addition of a new instrument repair facility to be constructed on the summit of Mt. Hopkins, new computational fluid dynamic (CFD) models were made to determine the building's influence on the thermal environment around the telescope. The models compared the wind profiles and density contours above the telescope enclosure with and without the new building. The results show the steeply-sided Mount Hopkins dominates the summit wind profiles. In typical winds, the height of the telescope remains above the ground layer and is sufficiently separated from the new facility to insure the heat from the new building does not interfere with the telescope. The results also confirmed the observatories waste heat exhaust duct location needs to be relocated to prevent heat from being trapped in the wind shadow of the new building and lofting above the telescope. These useful models provide many insights into understanding the thermal environment of the summit.

An estimate of gas emissions and magmatic gas content from Kilauea volcano

USGS Publications Warehouse

Greenland, L.P.; Rose, William I.; Stokes, J.B.

1985-01-01

Emission rates of CO2 have been measured at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, in the east-rift eruptive plume and CO2 and SO2 have been measured in the plume from the noneruptive fumaroles in the summit caldera. These data yield an estimate of the loading of Kilauean eruptive gases to the atmosphere and suggest that such estimates may be inferred directly from measured lava volumes. These data, combined with other chemical and geologic data, suggest that magma arrives at the shallow summit reservoir containing (wt.%) 0.32% H2O, 0.32% CO2 and 0.09% S. Magma is rapidly degassed of most of its CO2 in the shallow reservoir before transport to the eruption site. Because this summit degassing yields a magma saturated and in equilibrium with volatile species and because transport of the magma to the eruption site occurs in a zone no shallower than the summit reservoir, we suggest that eruptive gases from Kilauea characteristically should be one of two types: a 'primary' gas from fresh magma derived directly from the mantle and a carbon-depleted gas from magma stored in the summit reservoir. ?? 1995.

Energy Department to Host First Sustainable Transportation Summit

ScienceCinema

Sarkar, Reuben

2018-01-16

On July 11-12, mobility and transportation leaders from across the country are coming to Washington, D.C. for the inaugural Sustainable Transportation Summit hosted by the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE).

TRIBAL LEADERS ENVIRONMENTAL SUMMIT

EPA Science Inventory

This annual conference includes general and breakout sessions relating to science or environmental management in such areas as solid waste, community planning, environmental education, contaminants, capacity building and more. The October 2000 Tribal Summit was held in Anchorage...

36 CFR 1253.6 - Records Centers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...., Chicago, IL 60629-5898. The telephone number is 773-948-9000. (h) NARA—Central Plains Region (Lee's Summit, MO) is located at 200 Space Center Drive, Lee's Summit, MO 64064-1182. The telephone number is 816...

Energy Department to Host First Sustainable Transportation Summit

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sarkar, Reuben

2016-06-29

On July 11-12, mobility and transportation leaders from across the country are coming to Washington, D.C. for the inaugural Sustainable Transportation Summit hosted by the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE).

FRAMEWORK FOR DEVELOPING AMBIENT WATER ...

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Currently, Ambient Water Quality Criteria (AWQC) for aquatic life protection are derived according to the Guidelines for Derivation of Ambient Water Quality Criteria for the Protection of Aquatic Life and Their Uses, published in 1985. To ensure that AWQC are derived from the best available science, Office of Water assessed the need to update the Guidelines and identified issues that should be addressed in the revisions. In December 2002, EPA's Science Advisory Board concurred with EPA's assessment of the need to update the Guidelines as well as with the issues EPA identified to address. Updating the Guidelines is a Priority Strategic Action included in OST's Strategy for Water Quality Standards and Criteria (Next Priority Strategic Action #1). To revise existing methodology for deriving ambient water quality criteria for the protection of aquatic life.

A Summit of Sages exploring social justice and nursing: an interview with Marie Manthey and Joanne Disch.

PubMed

Manthey, Marie; Disch, Joanne

2008-01-01

Beth Beaty discusses with Marie Manthey and Joanne Disch, organizers of the recent Summit of Sages, their efforts to bring nurses from around the world together to think and talk about social justice. They share their belief that social justice is a part of the fabric of nursing. A Summit of Sages encouraged participants to a higher level of involvement in their communities. Marie and Joanne hope their example will lead to expanded cooperation between businesses and academic institutions.

Airborne Magnetic and Electromagnetic Data map Rock Alteration and Water Content at Mount Adams, Mount Baker and Mount Rainier, Washington: Implications for Lahar Hazards and Hydrothermal Systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Finn, C. A.; Deszcz-Pan, M.; Horton, R.; Breit, G.; John, D.

2007-12-01

High resolution helicopter-borne magnetic and electromagnetic (EM) data flown over the rugged, ice-covered, highly magnetic and mostly resistive volcanoes of Mount Rainier, Mount Adams and Mount Baker, along with rock property measurements, reveal the distribution of alteration, water and hydrothermal fluids that are essential to evaluating volcanic landslide hazards and understanding hydrothermal systems. Hydrothermally altered rocks, particularly if water saturated, can weaken stratovolcanoes, thereby increasing the potential for catastrophic sector collapses that can lead to far-traveled, destructive debris flows. Intense hydrothermal alteration significantly reduces the magnetization and resistivity of volcanic rock resulting in clear recognition of altered rock by helicopter magnetic and EM measurements. Magnetic and EM data, combined with geological mapping and rock property measurements, indicate the presence of appreciable thicknesses of hydrothermally altered rock west of the modern summit of Mount Rainier in the Sunset Amphitheater region, in the central core of Mount Adams north of the summit, and in much of the central cone of Mount Baker. We identify the Sunset Amphitheater region and steep cliffs at the western edge of the central altered zone at Mount Adams as likely sources for future debris flows. In addition, the EM data identified water-saturated rocks in the upper 100-200 m of the three volcanoes. The water-saturated zone could extend deeper, but is beyond the detection limits of the EM data. Water in hydrothermal fluids reacts with the volcanic rock to produce clay minerals. The formation of clay minerals and presence of free water reduces the effective stress, thereby increasing the potential for slope failure, and acts, with entrained melting ice, as a lubricant to transform debris avalanches into lahars. Therefore, knowing the distribution of water is also important for hazard assessments. Finally, modeling requires extremely low resistivities (< 20 ohm-m) that laboratory electrical resistivity measurements indicate are most easily explained by sulfuric acid solutions permeating altered rocks. The acid is the result of oxidation of magmatic H2S to sulfuric acid and highlights the continued alteration of volcanoes during periods of relative quiescence. Our results demonstrate that high resolution geophysical and geological observations can yield unprecedented views of the three-dimensional distribution of altered rock and shallow pore water and hydrothermal fluids within active stratovolcanoes.

Puhimau thermal area: a window into the upper east rift zone of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii?

USGS Publications Warehouse

McGee, K.A.; Sutton, A.J.; Elias, T.; Doukas, M.P.; Gerlach, T.M.

2006-01-01

We report the results of two soil CO2 efflux surveys by the closed chamber circulation method at the Puhimau thermal area in the upper East Rift Zone (ERZ) of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii. The surveys were undertaken in 1996 and 1998 to constrain how much CO2 might be reaching the ERZ after degassing beneath the summit caldera and whether the Puhimau thermal area might be a significant contributor to the overall CO2 budget of Kilauea. The area was revisited in 2001 to determine the effects of surface disturbance on efflux values by the collar emplacement technique utilized in the earlier surveys. Utilizing a cutoff value of 50 g m−2 d−1 for the surrounding forest background efflux, the CO2 emission rates for the anomaly at Puhimau thermal area were 27 t d−1 in 1996 and 17 t d−1 in 1998. Water vapor was removed before analysis in all cases in order to obtain CO2 values on a dry air basis and mitigate the effect of water vapor dilution on the measurements. It is clear that Puhimau thermal area is not a significant contributor to Kilauea's CO2 output and that most of Kilauea's CO2 (8500 t d−1) is degassed at the summit, leaving only magma with its remaining stored volatiles, such as SO2, for injection down the ERZ. Because of the low CO2 emission rate and the presence of a shallow water table in the upper ERZ that effectively scrubs SO2 and other acid gases, Puhimau thermal area currently does not appear to be generally well suited for observing temporal changes in degassing at Kilauea.

Liquid and Emulsified Sulfur in Submarine Solfatara Fields of two Northern Mariana Arc Volcanoes.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nakamura, K.; Embley, R. W.; Chadwick, W. W.; Butterfield, D. A.; Takano, B.; Resing, J. A.; de Ronde, C. E.; Lilley, M. D.; Lupton, J. E.; Merle, S. G.; Inagaki, F.

2006-12-01

Because elemental sulfur melting point is ca 100 deg C (depend on allotropes and heating rate, S8 triple point temperature: 115 deg C), the evidence of liquid sulfur has been known for many subaerial crater lakes and small ponds in geothermal regions throughout the world. But the milky nature of water (sulfur-in- water emulsion in limited water mass) prohibited the direct observation of on-going processes at the bottom of these subaerial lakes. In the passive degassing environment at the summit craters of Daikoku and Nikko Seamounts of the northern Mariana Arc, the continuous flushing of sulfur emulsion by seawater allowed us to observe on- going submarine solfatara processes and associated chemistry through dives with ROVs during the NT05-18 cruise (JAMSTEC R/V Natsushima and ROV hyper-Dolphin) and the Submarine Ring of Fire 2006 cruise (R/V Melville and ROV JASON II). A higher viscosity for liquid elemental sulfur relative to that of seawater, as well as a limited stability of sulfur emulsion (aqueous sulfur sol) at high temperatures in electrolyte solution (seawater), ensures limited mobility of liquid sulfur in the conduits of hydrothermal vents. The subseafloor boiling depth of hydrothermal fluid limits the locus of any liquid sulfur reservoir. It was observed in an exposed liquid sulfur pond that the penetration of gas bubbles (mostly CO2) created sulfur emulsion while collapsing liquid sulfur film between seawater and gas bubbles. Liquid sulfur pits, encrusted sulfur, liquid sulfur fountain structure, sulfur stalactites and stalagmites, mini-pillow lava-like sulfur flows, accretionary sulfur lapilli and sulfur deltas were also observed at the summits of two volcanoes. Note: Solfatara: Italian. A type of fumarole, the gases of which are characteristically sulfurous. In 'Glossary of geology.'

Cl/B ratio of geothermal fluid around Slamet Volcano, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Harijoko, Agung; Juhri, Saefudin

2017-12-01

Geothermal manifestations occurred in four areas surrounding Slamet Volcano, such as Guci, Baturraden, Paguyangan, and Bantarkawung. These areas are located of about 7.5 km, 8 km, 25 km and 33 km from the summit of Slamet volcano, respectively. We analyzed the chemical composition of cold and hot hater in order to understand the genesis and hydrological the relationship of the hot springs. The plot on HCO3-Cl-SO4 ternary diagram classified the hot water into four water types i.e. chloride-bicarbonate water (Bantarkawung), chloride water (Paguyangan), sulfate-chloride water (Baturraden), and bicarbonate water (Guci). The Cl/B ratio values indicate that the southern part of the Slamet volcano (Baturaden) hot springs have high Cl/B ratio compared to that of the northern hot springs (Guci area). While the hot springs in the western part (Paguyangan and Bantarkawung) are classified into high and low Cl/B ratio. This indicates that the hot springs in Paguyangan and Bantarkawung are the outflow of Baturraden and Guci.

Priorities for Water Quality Criteria and Standards Programs FY 2017-2018

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This document recommends priorities for states and authorized tribes as they plan WQS actions and updates in the upcoming two fiscal years. The document addresses new regulatory requirements in 40 CFR part 131 issued in August 2015.

Joint analysis of deformation, gravity, and lava lake elevation reveals temporal variations in lava lake density at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Carbone, Daniele; Poland, Michael; Patrick, Matthew

2015-04-01

We find a tight correlation between (i) changes in lava level within the summit eruptive vent at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, observed for at least 2 years since early 2011, and (ii) ground deformation in the vicinity of the vent. The observed correlation indicates that changing pressure within the shallow magma reservoir feeding the lava lake influences both deformation and lava level. However, those two parameters are related to chamber pressure through different properties, namely, the density of the lava filling the vent (for the lava level) and the size/position of the reservoir plus the elastic parameters of the host rock (for the deformation). Joint analyses in the time and frequency domains of lava level (determined from thermal camera imagery of the lava lake) and tilt measured on a borehole instrument (~2 km from the summit vent) reveal a good correlation throughout the studied period. The highest correlation occurs over periods ranging between 1 and 20 days. The ratio between lava level and tilt is not constant over time, however. Using data from a continuously recording gravimeter located near the rim of the summit eruptive vent, we demonstrate that the tilt-lava level ratio is controlled by the fluctuations in the density of the lava inside the vent (i.e., its degree of vesicularity). A second continuous gravimeter was installed near the summit eruptive vent in 2014, providing a new observation point for gravity change associated with summit lava lave activity to test models developed from the previously existing instrument. In addition, a continuous gravimeter was installed on the rim of the Puu Oo eruptive vent on Kilauea's East Rift Zone in 2013. Puu Oo is connected via the subvolcanic magma plumbing system to the summit eruptive vent and often deforms in concert with the summit. This growing network of continuously recording gravimeters at Kilauea can be used to examine correlations in gravity change associated with variations in eruptive activity across the volcano.

Geophysical observations of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, 2. Constraints on the magma supply during November 1975-September 1977

USGS Publications Warehouse

Dzurisin, D.; Anderson, L.A.; Eaton, G.P.; Koyanagi, R.Y.; Lipman, P.W.; Lockwood, J.P.; Okamura, R.T.; Puniwai, G.S.; Sako, M.K.; Yamashita, K.M.

1980-01-01

Following a 22-month hiatus in eruptive activity, Kilauea volcano extruded roughly 35 ?? 106 m3 of tholeiitic basalt from vents along its middle east rift zone during 13 September-1 October, 1977. The lengthy prelude to this eruption began with a magnitude 7.2 earthquake on 29 November, 1975, and included rapid summit deflation episodes in June, July, and August 1976 and February 1977. Synthesis of seismic, geodetic, gravimetric, and electrical self-potential observations suggests the following model for this atypical Kilauea eruptive cycle. Rapid summit deflation initiated by the November 1975 earthquake reflected substantial migration of magma from beneath the summit region of Kilauea into the east and southwest rift zones. Simultaneous leveling and microgravity observations suggest that 40-90 ?? 106 m3 of void space was created within the summit magma chamber as a result of the earthquake. If this volume was filled by magma from depth before the east rift zone intrusive event of June 1976, the average rate of supply was 6-13 ?? 106 m3/month, a rate that is consistent with the value of 9 ?? 106 m3/month suggested from observations of long-duration Kilauea eruptions. Essentially zero net vertical change was recorded at the summit during the 15-month period beginning with the June 1976 intrusion and ending with the September 1977 eruption. This fact suggests that most magma supplied from depth during this interval was eventually delivered to the east rift zone, at least in part during four rapid summit deflation episodes. Microearthquake epicenters migrated downrift to the middle east rift zone for the first time during the later stages of the February 1977 intrusion, an occurrence presumably reflecting movement of magma into the eventual eruptive zone. This observation was confirmed by tilt surveys in May 1977 that revealed a major inflation center roughly 30 km east of the summit in an area of anomalous steaming and forest kill first noted in March 1976. ?? 1980.

President Barack Obama at UN Climate Change Summit

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Obama, Barack

2009-09-22

In his first address to the United Nations as Commander-in- Chief, President Obama addresses the pressing issue of climate change. The one-day UN summit brought together delegations from 90 nations. September 22, 2009 (Public Domain)

1. Historic American Buildings Survey Photocopy of old view, date ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. Historic American Buildings Survey Photocopy of old view, date unknown From collection of Anna B. Scherer, Lees Summit, Mo. NORTH FACADE - Longview Farm, Hog & Sale Barn, Longview Road, Lees Summit, Jackson County, MO

Don't wait for Paris summit to improve health.

PubMed

Soares, Andréia Azevedo; Figueres, Christiana

2015-11-01

How developing countries will make the transition to sustainable clean-energy economies is a major challenge for the United Nations summit that opens in Paris this month. Christiana Figueres talks to Andréia Azevedo Soares.

Kayenta Township Building & Safety Department, Tribal Green Building Code Summit Presentation

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Tribal Green Building Code Summit Presentation by Kayenta Township Building & Safety Department showing how they established the building department, developed a code adoption and enforcement process, and hired staff to carry out the work.

NASA Education Stakeholder's Summit

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-09-12

Marion C. Blakey, President and CEO, Aerospace Industries Association, addresses guests at the NASA Education Stakeholders’ Summit One Stop Shopping Initiative (OSSI), Monday, Sep. 13, 2010, at the Westfields Marriott Conference Center in Chantilly, VA. (Photo Credit: NASA/Carla Cioffi)

NASA Education Stakeholder's Summit

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-09-12

Leland Melvin, right, Education Design Team Co-Chair and NASA Astronaut, speaks at the NASA Education Stakeholders’ Summit One Stop Shopping Initiative (OSSI), Monday, Sep. 13, 2010, at the Westfields Marriott Conference Center in Chantilly, VA. (Photo Credit: NASA/Carla Cioffi)

President Barack Obama at UN Climate Change Summit

ScienceCinema

Obama, Barack

2018-02-13

In his first address to the United Nations as Commander-in- Chief, President Obama addresses the pressing issue of climate change. The one-day UN summit brought together delegations from 90 nations. September 22, 2009 (Public Domain)

Application of photogrammetry to the study of volcano-glacier interactions on Mount Wrangell, Alaska

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Benson, C. S.; Follett, A. B.

1986-01-01

Most Alaskan volcanoes are glacier covered and provide excellent opportunities to study interactions between glaciers and volcanoes. The present paper is concerned with such a study, taking into account the Mt. Wrangell (4317 m) which is the northernmost active volcano (solfatara activity) on the Pacific Rim (62 deg N; 144 deg W). While the first photographs on the summit of Mt. Wrangell were published more than 75 years ago, research there began in 1953 and 1954. Satellite images reveal activity at the summit of Mt. Wrangell. However, the resolution is not sufficient for conducting important measurements regarding ice volume losses. For this reason, vertical aerial photographs of the summit were obtained, and a field trip to the summit was conducted. Aspects of photogrammetry are discussed, taking into account questions of ground control, aerial photography, topographic mapping, digital cross sections, and orthophotos.

2012 ARPA-E Energy Innovation Summit: Profiling Foro Energy: High Power Lasers - Long Distances (Performer Video)

ScienceCinema

Moxley, John; Zediker, Mark; Chu, Steven; Deutch, Paul

2018-05-30

The third annual ARPA-E Energy Innovation Summit was held in Washington D.C. in February, 2012. The event brought together key players from across the energy ecosystem - researchers, entrepreneurs, investors, corporate executives, and government officials - to share ideas for developing and deploying the next generation of energy technologies. A few videos were selected for showing during the Summit to attendees. These "performer videos" highlight innovative research that is ongoing and related to the main topics of the Summit's sessions. Featured in this video from Foro Energy are Joel Moxley, Founder and CEO, Mark Zediker, Founder and CTO, and Paul Deutch, President and COO. Steven Chu, Secretary of Energy, also appears briefly in this video to praise the accomplishment of a high powered laser that can transmit that power long distances for faster and more powerful drilling of geothermal, oil, and gas wells.

Elongate summit calderas as Neogene paleostress indicators in Antarctica

USGS Publications Warehouse

Paulsen, T.S.; Wilson, T.J.

2007-01-01

The orientations and ages of elongate summit calderas on major polygenetic volcanoes were compiled to document Miocene to Pleistocene Sh (minimum horizontal stress) directions on the western and northern flanks of the West Antarctic rift system. Miocene to Pleistocene summit calderas along the western Ross Sea show relatively consistent ENE long axis trends, which are at a high angle to the Transantarctic Mountain Front and parallel to the N77ºE Sh direction at Cape Roberts. The elongation directions of many Miocene to Pleistocene summit calderas in Marie Byrd Land parallel the alignment of polygenetic volcanoes in which they occur, except several Pleistocene calderas with consistent NNE to NE trends. The overall pattern of elongate calderas in Marie Byrd Land is probably due to a combination of structurally controlled orientations and regional stress fields in which Sh is oriented NNE to NE at a moderate to high angle to the trace of the West Antarctic rift system.

2012 ARPA-E Energy Innovation Summit: Profiling Foro Energy: High Power Lasers - Long Distances (Performer Video)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Moxley, John; Zediker, Mark; Chu, Steven

The third annual ARPA-E Energy Innovation Summit was held in Washington D.C. in February, 2012. The event brought together key players from across the energy ecosystem - researchers, entrepreneurs, investors, corporate executives, and government officials - to share ideas for developing and deploying the next generation of energy technologies. A few videos were selected for showing during the Summit to attendees. These "performer videos" highlight innovative research that is ongoing and related to the main topics of the Summit's sessions. Featured in this video from Foro Energy are Joel Moxley, Founder and CEO, Mark Zediker, Founder and CTO, and Paulmore » Deutch, President and COO. Steven Chu, Secretary of Energy, also appears briefly in this video to praise the accomplishment of a high powered laser that can transmit that power long distances for faster and more powerful drilling of geothermal, oil, and gas wells.« less

Kilauea volcano eruption seen from orbit

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1993-01-01

The STS-51 crew had a clear view of the erupting Kilauea volcano during the early morning pass over the Hawaiian islands. Kilauea, on the southwest side of the island of Hawaii, has been erupting almost continuously since January, 1983. Kilauea's summit caldera, with the smaller Halemaumau crater nestled within, is highlighted in the early morning sun (just above the center of the picture). The lava flows which covered roads and subdivisions in 1983-90 can be seen as dark flows to the east (toward the upper right) of the steam plumes on this photo. The summit crater and lava flows of Mauna Loa volcano make up the left side of the photo. Features like the Volcano House and Kilauea Visitor Center on the edge of the caldera, the small subdivisions east of the summit, Ola's Rain Forest north of the summit, and agricultural land along the coast are easily identified.

The "Ethics Rupture" Summit, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada, October 25-28, 2012.

PubMed

van den Hoonaard, Will C

2013-02-01

This report explains the background of the "Ethics Rupture" Summit held in New Brunswick, Canada, October 2012, focusing on the disconnect between research-ethics policies and the nature and purpose of social-science research-an unintended "rupture" in ethics governance. Ethics is about human relationships, and the governance of ethics must reflect that fact rather than function as a bureaucratic, self-legitimating system of control. The themes that emerged from the Summit point to: structural problems with the current system; an undermining of the original, historical mission of some social-science disciplines; a discomfort with new methodologies; ethics committees and the well-being and education of social-science students; the possibilities of reform and renewal; and the next steps. Finally, the report refers in broad outlines to a "New Brunswick Declaration," which is currently being considered by participants of the Summit.

Investigations of the Hydrologic Cycle in the Arctic Climate System Using Water Isotopes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kopec, Ben Gordon

Warming has caused widespread changes to the Arctic hydrologic cycle, indicated by sea ice reductions, the Greenland Ice Sheet (GIS) mass loss, and permafrost degradation. Understanding Arctic hydrologic processes is essential for quantifying hydrological responses to climate change. A valuable tool to study these responses is the hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios of water. Studies presented here aim to both innovatively apply water isotopes with existing understanding, and gain new knowledge in isotope systematics. I present several studies here. First, I show that Arctic precipitation increases with enhanced evaporation due to sea ice reduction; each 100,000 km2 loss in sea ice area increases the fraction of Arctic sourced moisture in total precipitation by 11 to 18%. Second, I argue that vapor sublimated from the GIS significantly contributes to summer precipitation at Summit, Greenland. This conclusion is first supported by isotopic variations in the daily precipitation collected at Summit for three years, and then further verified by 30 annual isotopic cycles in a shallow ice core. The result is not only important for quantifying the current ice sheet mass balance, but also for inferences of paleoclimate from ice cores. Third, I demonstrate that local scale atmospheric circulation in the glacier-free strip of West Greenland is dominated by convergence of dry glacial air masses from the east and moist marine air masses from the west. The dynamics of this convergence are affected by both regional radiation balance differences and broader circulation patterns such as the North Atlantic Oscillation. Humidity variations associated with these air masses control local precipitation and lake evaporation. Finally, along the east-west moisture gradient in West Greenland, lake evaporation also exhibits systematic changes in rate and isotopic enrichment, a result that is important for lake sediment core research. I have made advances in understanding water isotope systematics, mostly related to deuterium excess. In particular, variations in the deltaD-delta 18O slope, both for meteoric water and for lake water, are shown to contain interpretable environmental information. I also show that simple equilibrium Rayleigh distillation alters deuterium excess, an effect that was underappreciated in previous work.

Chemical and isotopic compositions of thermal springs, fumaroles and bubbling gases at Tacaná Volcano (Mexico-Guatemala): implications for volcanic surveillance

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rouwet, Dmitri; Inguaggiato, Salvatore; Taran, Yuri; Varley, Nicholas; Santiago S., José A.

2009-04-01

This study presents baseline data for future geochemical monitoring of the active Tacaná volcano-hydrothermal system (Mexico-Guatemala). Seven groups of thermal springs, related to a NW/SE-oriented fault scarp cutting the summit area (4,100m a.s.l.), discharge at the northwest foot of the volcano (1,500-2,000m a.s.l.); another one on the southern ends of Tacaná (La Calera). The near-neutral (pH from 5.8 to 6.9) thermal ( T from 25.7°C to 63.0°C) HCO3-SO4 waters are thought to have formed by the absorption of a H2S/SO2-CO2-enriched steam into a Cl-rich geothermal aquifer, afterwards mixed by Na/HCO3-enriched meteoric waters originating from the higher elevations of the volcano as stated by the isotopic composition (δD and δ18O) of meteoric and spring waters. Boiling temperature fumaroles (89°C at ~3,600m a.s.l. NW of the summit), formed after the May 1986 phreatic explosion, emit isotopically light vapour (δD and δ18O as low as -128 and -19.9‰, respectively) resulting from steam separation from the summit aquifer. Fumarolic as well as bubbling gases at five springs are CO2-dominated. The δ13CCO2 for all gases show typical magmatic values of -3.6 ± 1.3‰ vs V-PDB. The large range in 3He/4He ratios for bubbling, dissolved and fumarolic gases [from 1.3 to 6.9 atmospheric 3He/4He ratio ( R A)] is ascribed to a different degree of near-surface boiling processes inside a heterogeneous aquifer at the contact between the volcanic edifice and the crystalline basement (4He source). Tacaná volcano offers a unique opportunity to give insight into shallow hydrothermal and deep magmatic processes affecting the CO2/3He ratio of gases: bubbling springs with lower gas/water ratios show higher 3He/4He ratios and consequently lower CO2/3He ratios (e.g. Zarco spring). Typical Central American CO2/3He and 3He/4He ratios are found for the fumarolic Agua Caliente and Zarco gases (3.1 ± 1.6 × 1010 and 6.0 ± 0.9 R A, respectively). The L/ S (5.9 ± 0.5) and ( L + S)/ M ratios (9.2 ± 0.7) for the same gases are almost identical to the ones calculated for gases in El Salvador, suggesting an enhanced slab contribution as far as the northern extreme of the Central American Volcanic Arc, Tacaná.

Investigating the Source Mechanisms of Deflation-Inflation Events at Kilauea Volcano, Hawai`i

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Johnson, J. H.; Anderson, K. R.; Poland, M. P.; Miklius, A.

2012-12-01

At Kilauea Volcano, Hawai`i, cyclic deflation-inflation ("DI") events have been observed on tiltmeters since 1988. Most DI events begin with deflation at the summit that generally lasts 12-72 hours and accumulate ~1-5 microradians of tilt as measured on the rim of Kilauea Caldera, followed by inflation that is initially rapid but wanes over the course of 12-48 hours as the net deformation approaches pre-event levels. This gives the tilt events a V- or U-shaped appearance in the tilt time series, depending on the onset deflation rates. DI events are also manifested at the Pu`u `O`o eruptive vent on Kilauea's east rift zone, about 20 km along the rift from the summit, and lag summit deformation by approximately 30-90 minutes (except during 2005-2007, when summit DI events were not detected at Pu`u `O`o). The temporal correlation of tilt at the caldera and east rift zone indicates that these events affect much of Kilauea's magma plumbing system, from the summit magma reservoir to the eruption site. Large-magnitude DI events are visible in data from continuously-recording GPS stations both at Kilauea's summit and at Pu`u `O`o, and some DI events have been imaged using InSAR. Tilt events with long-lived (several days) deflation phases are usually associated with decreases in lava effusion or even eruptive pauses on the east rift zone, while large inflationary phases are often accompanied by surges in lava effusion, new breakouts, and thus increased lava flow hazard. The lava level within the summit eruptive vent, which has been continuously visible since early 2010, correlates with tilt deformation associated with DI events. Seismic tremor levels measured at Kilauea summit at times also display a relation with DI events, sometimes correlated and sometimes anti-correlated. Tilt events have become more common since the onset of Kilauea's summit eruption in March 2008, increasing from about 5-10 per year before 2008 to more than 80 in the 8 months of 2012. Two possibly inter-related mechanisms have been suggested to explain the DI events: (1) blockage and subsequent clearing of the transport pathway that feeds the shallow summit magma system and conduit to Pu`u `O`o, and (2) convective overturns caused by replacement of degassed magma with gas-rich magma. Using a simple kinematic forward model, we invert deformation data from more than 400 DI events to estimate the location and volume change of the shallow summit source generating the ground tilt, and look for changes associated with the evolution of eruptive behaviour at Kilauea. More insight into the DI events can be gained by developing a physics-based model capable of linking magmatic processes with the temporal evolution of individual DI events. We will construct multiphysics finite element models (FEMs) to simulate deformation caused by the two proposed mechanisms to link the observations to the physical processes that drive DI events. The FEMs allow us to investigate complicated model configurations that account for 3D geometric configurations, distributions of rheologic properties, and multiple deformation sources. Crucially, the models also allow for temporal variation of fluid flow and subsurface pressurization, which will provide insights into the unique patterns of tilt observed at Kilauea.

The clinical academic workforce in Australia and New Zealand: report on the second binational summit to implement a sustainable training pathway.

PubMed

Windsor, John; Garrod, Tamsin; Talley, Nicholas J; Tebbutt, Carmel; Churchill, James; Farmer, Elizabeth; Baur, Louise; Smith, Julian A

2017-04-01

There has been a decline in the proportion of clinical academics compared with full-time clinicians, since 2004. A Working Party was established to help develop and implement a model for the training of clinical academics. After a highly successful first summit in 2014 that summarised the challenges faced by clinical academics in Australia and New Zealand, a second summit was convened late in 2015 to report on progress and to identify key areas for further action. The second summit provided survey results that identified the varied training pathways currently offered to clinical academics and the institutions willing to be involved in developing improved pathways. A literature review also described the contributions that clinical academics make to the health sector and the challenges faced by this workforce sector. Current training pathways created for clinical academics by Australasian institutions were presented as examples of what can be done. The perspectives of government and research organisations presented at the summit helped define how key stakeholders can contribute. Following the summit, there was a strong commitment to continue to work towards developing a sustainable and defined training pathway for clinical academics. The need for a coordinated and integrated approach was highlighted. Some key objectives were agreed upon for the next phase, including identifying and engaging key advocates within government and leading institutions; publishing and profiling the contributions of successful clinical academics to healthcare outcomes; defining the stages of a clinical academic training pathway; and establishing a mentoring programme for training clinical academics. © 2017 Royal Australasian College of Physicians.

Earth Observations taken by Expedition 38 crewmember

NASA Image and Video Library

2014-01-05

ISS038-E-025895 (5 Jan. 2014) --- Bazman volcano in Iran is featured in this image photographed by an Expedition 38 crew member on the International Space Station. Bazman volcano is located in a remote southern region within the Bazman Protected Area of Sistan and Baluchestan Provinces. While the volcano has the classic cone shape associated with stratovolcanoes, it is also heavily dissected by channels that extend downwards from the 3,490-meter-above-sea-level summit. This radial drainage pattern - looking similar to the spokes of a bicycle wheel - is readily observed in this photograph. Such patterns can form around high, symmetric peaks when water runoff and erosion is not constrained by the resistance of geologic materials or barriers to flow, leading to essentially even distribution of water runoff channels around the central peak. While there is no historical record of volcanism at Bazman, and no geologic record of eruptive activity within the past 10,000 years, some fumarolic activity - gas and steam emissions - have been reported, according to the Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History's Global Volcanism Program. The summit of the volcano is marked by a well-formed explosion crater, and lava cones formed on the flanks of the main volcano are associated with well-preserved lava flows-a particularly striking example is visible on the north flank of Bazman at center. Together, these observations and features are suggestive that Bazman may be a dormant, rather than extinct, volcano.

15 CFR 700.18 - Limitations on placing rated orders.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... transportation (Department of Transportation); (v) Water resources (Department of Defense/U.S. Army Corps of... (Continued) BUREAU OF INDUSTRY AND SECURITY, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NATIONAL SECURITY INDUSTRIAL BASE REGULATIONS DEFENSE PRIORITIES AND ALLOCATIONS SYSTEM Industrial Priorities § 700.18 Limitations on placing...

15 CFR 700.18 - Limitations on placing rated orders.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... transportation (Department of Transportation); (v) Water resources (Department of Defense/U.S. Army Corps of... (Continued) BUREAU OF INDUSTRY AND SECURITY, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NATIONAL SECURITY INDUSTRIAL BASE REGULATIONS DEFENSE PRIORITIES AND ALLOCATIONS SYSTEM Industrial Priorities § 700.18 Limitations on placing...

15 CFR 700.18 - Limitations on placing rated orders.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... transportation (Department of Transportation); (v) Water resources (Department of Defense/U.S. Army Corps of... (Continued) BUREAU OF INDUSTRY AND SECURITY, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NATIONAL SECURITY INDUSTRIAL BASE REGULATIONS DEFENSE PRIORITIES AND ALLOCATIONS SYSTEM Industrial Priorities § 700.18 Limitations on placing...

International Summit on Integrated Environmental Modeling

EPA Science Inventory

This report describes the International Summit on Integrated Environmental Modeling (IEM), held in Washington, DC 7th-9th December 2010. The meeting brought together 57 scientists and managers from leading US and European government and non-governmental organizations, universitie...

18 CFR 1304.6 - Appeals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37902. Otherwise, the initial decision of the Vice President's designee... W. Summit Hill Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37902. Otherwise, the Vice President's decision becomes..., Tennessee Valley Authority, 400 West Summit Hill Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37902. If within 60 days of...

2013 Summit on Reducing Exposure to Dust from Treated Seed

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The Pollinator Summit was part of EPA's ongoing collaboration with stakeholders to manage pesticide risks to bees. Focus: how to protect bees from unintended pesticide exposure, esp. dust in agricultural planting operations using pesticide-coated seeds.

NASA Education Stakeholder's Summit

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-09-12

James Stofan, right, NASA Acting Associate Administrator for Education, introduces the keynote speakers at the NASA Education Stakeholders’ Summit One Stop Shopping Initiative (OSSI), Monday, Sep. 13, 2010, at the Westfields Marriott Conference Center in Chantilly, VA. (Photo Credit: NASA/Carla Cioffi)

NASA Education Stakeholder's Summit

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-09-12

Cora B. Marrett, right, PhD, Acting Director, National Science Foundation gives keynote remarks at the NASA Education Stakeholders’ Summit One Stop Shopping Initiative (OSSI), Monday, Sep. 13, 2010, at the Westfields Marriott Conference Center in Chantilly, VA. (Photo Credit: NASA/Carla Cioffi)

NASA Education Stakeholder's Summit

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-09-12

Cora B. Marrett, PhD, Acting Director, National Science Foundation gives keynote remarks at the NASA Education Stakeholders’ Summit One Stop Shopping Initiative (OSSI), Monday, Sep. 13, 2010, at the Westfields Marriott Conference Center in Chantilly, VA. (Photo Credit: NASA/Carla Cioffi)

29. ROAD TO SUMMIT SHOWING VISITOR OVERLOOK AND SCIENCE CITY, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

29. ROAD TO SUMMIT SHOWING VISITOR OVERLOOK AND SCIENCE CITY, FROM ATOP WHITE HILL. NOTE THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL REMAINS OF WHAT APPEARS TO BE A CIRCULAR SHELTER AT LOWER RIGHT. - Haleakala National Park Roads, Pukalani, Maui County, HI

3. ROAD TO SUMMIT SHOWING VISITOR OVERLOOK AND SCIENCE CITY, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

3. ROAD TO SUMMIT SHOWING VISITOR OVERLOOK AND SCIENCE CITY, FROM ATOP WHITE HILL. NOTE THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL REMAINS OF WHAT APPEARS TO BE A CIRCULAR SHELTER AT LOWER RIGHT. - Haleakala National Park Roads, Pukalani, Maui County, HI

Earth observation taken by the Expedition 29 crew

NASA Image and Video Library

2011-10-07

ISS029-E-020003 (7 Oct. 2011) --- Parinacota Volcano in the Chile-Bolivia border region, South America is featured in this image photographed by an Expedition 29 crew member on the International Space Station. Volcan Parinacota (?flamingo lake? in the regional Aymara language) is a potentially active stratovolcano located on the Altiplano, a high plateau situated within the Andes Mountains of west-central South America. While no direct observations of eruptive activity are recorded, surface exposure age-dating of lava flows suggests that activity occurred as recently as 290 AD approximately 300 years, according to scientists. Local Aymara stories also suggest that the volcano has erupted during the past 1,000 years. This detailed photograph highlights the symmetrical cone of Parinacota, with its well-developed summit crater (elevation 6,348 meters above sea level) at center. Dark brown to dark gray surfaces to the east and west of the summit include lava flows, pyroclastic deposits, and ash. A companion volcano, Pomerape, is located across a low saddle to the north ? scientists believe this volcano last erupted during the Pleistocene Epoch (extending from approximately 3 million to 12,000 years ago). The summits of both volcanoes are covered by white permanent snowpack and small glaciers. Together, the two volcanoes form the Nevados de Payachata volcanic area. Eruptive activity at Parinacota has directly influenced development of the local landscape beyond the emplacement of volcanic deposits ? approximately 8,000 years ago the western flank of the volcano collapsed, creating a debris avalanche that traveled 22 kilometers to the west. This debris avalanche blocked drainages, leading to the formation of Lake Chungara to the south (upper right). The uneven, hummocky surface of the debris avalanche deposit provides ample catchments for water, as evidenced by the numerous small ponds and Cotacotani Lake to the west.

Investigating Mars: Ascraeus Mons

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-09-07

This image shows the eastern part of the complex caldera at the summit of the volcano. Calderas are found at the tops of volcanoes and are the source region for magma that rises from an underground lava source to erupt at the surface. Volcanoes are formed by repeated flows from the central caldera. The final eruptions can pool within the summit caldera, leaving a flat surface as they cool. Calderas are also a location of collapse, creating rings of tectonic faults that form the caldera rim. This image is dominated by the ring of faults that defines the outer margin of the caldera. Ascraeus Mons has several caldera features at its summit. The Odyssey spacecraft has spent over 15 years in orbit around Mars, circling the planet more than 69000 times. It holds the record for longest working spacecraft at Mars. THEMIS, the IR/VIS camera system, has collected data for the entire mission and provides images covering all seasons and lighting conditions. Over the years many features of interest have received repeated imaging, building up a suite of images covering the entire feature. From the deepest chasma to the tallest volcano, individual dunes inside craters and dune fields that encircle the north pole, channels carved by water and lava, and a variety of other feature, THEMIS has imaged them all. For the next several months the image of the day will focus on the Tharsis volcanoes, the various chasmata of Valles Marineris, and the major dunes fields. We hope you enjoy these images! Orbit Number: 53334 Latitude: 11.2134 Longitude: 255.911 Instrument: VIS Captured: 2013-12-22 10:29 https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA21829

The Consequences of Increased Magma Supply to Kilauea Volcano, Hawai`i

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Poland, M.; Miklius, A.; Sutton, A. J.; Orr, T.

2007-12-01

The summer of 2007 was a time of intense activity at Kilauea. By mid-2007, ~4 years of summit inflation had uplifted and extended the caldera by 30 cm and 55 cm, respectively. Lava continued to erupt from the Pu`u `O`o vent on the east rift zone (ERZ) during the inflation. On May 24, 2007, two M4+ normal-faulting earthquakes occurred on caldera-bounding faults southeast of the summit. The seismicity did not affect summit inflation, which continued until June 17 when a dike intruded the upper and middle ERZ, causing a pause in the eruption, collapse of Pu`u `O`o's floor, and a small eruption 6 km uprift of Pu`u `O`o. The inflated state of the summit, relative timing of summit deflation and east rift zone extension, and abundant co-intrusive earthquake activity suggest forcible intrusion of magma. Lava returned to Pu`u `O`o by July 2, forming a lake that gradually refilled much of the collapsed crater. Early on July 21, the lake drained suddenly, the cone began to collapse, and a 2-km-long series of discontinuous eruptive fissures opened on and beyond the east flank of Pu`u `O`o. Sesimicity in Kilauea's south flank has been elevated since June and several M3+ earthquakes have occurred there, including a M5.4 on August 13. An increase in magma supply to Kilauea's shallow magmatic system is the probable cause for the events of summer 2007. Summit inflation since 2003 occurred during a period of constant or increasing magma supply to Pu`u `O`o, based on SO2 emissions from the ERZ. The rate of inflation increased markedly in early 2006, and uplift also began in the southwest rift zone. CO2 emissions at the summit, indicative of the quantity of magma degassing beneath Kilauea's caldera, more than doubled between 2003 and 2006. Also since 2003, the ERZ immediately downrift of Pu`u `O`o extended, and subsidence in the lower ERZ ceased. Together, these factors suggest that the magma supply rate to Kilauea's shallow magmatic system (the summit and rift zones above about 5 km depth) approximately doubled between 2003 and 2006. Subsequent volcanic and earthquake activity, including the events of mid-2007, are probably a result (either directly or indirectly) of this increase.

Recent Inflation of Kilauea Volcano During the Ongoing Eruption - Harbinger of Change?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Miklius, A.

2005-12-01

Since the start of the Pu`u `O`o-Kupaianaha eruption on Kilauea's east rift zone in 1983, the volcano's summit has subsided over 1.5 m. Over the last two years, however, leveling and GPS networks have recorded substantial inflation of the summit magma system. Since late 2003, the summit has extended almost 20 cm and risen about 5 cm. Leveling surveys suggest that the locus of inflation has been variable, with maximum uplift shifting from an area in the caldera near Halemaumau to an area in the southeastern part of the caldera, near Keanakako`i crater. Inflation rates have also been highly variable. Starting in mid-January 2005, the inflation rate accelerated for approximately a month, with extension rates across the summit reaching over 60 cm/yr. During this accelerated inflation, on January 25, a brief inflation-deflation transient was recorded on the tiltmeter network, accompanied by volcanic tremor. This event was followed by rapid slip of Kilauea's south flank, raising intriguing possibilities about the relationship between the magmatic system and the rapid slip events. Tiltmeters at the eruption site also recorded inflation, but only until early February, when a deflationary trend began, accompanied by increased eruptive output. The summit continued to inflate until late February, deflated slightly, then resumed inflation in April. These observations suggest that the high inflation rate in January-February was a result of increased magma supply to the summit magma system. In contrast, the most recent previous episode of inflation in 2002 was related to decreased outflow at the eruption site, effectively backing up pressure in the system. That inflation episode ended with the opening of new vents on the flank of Pu`u `O`o that produced high volumes of lava. The two previous, prolonged periods of uplift at the summit were in 1985-1986, before the eruption moved downrift from Pu`u `O`o to Kupaianaha, and 1990-1992, when eruptive activity shifted back to Pu`u `O`o. The current inflation of Kilauea is likely a combination of decreased efficiency of the transport system from the summit to the eruption site and an increase in magma supply. Past behavior of the volcano suggests that such conditions favor a shift in the location of the eruptive vent.

The prioritisation of invasive alien plant control projects using a multi-criteria decision model informed by stakeholder input and spatial data.

PubMed

Forsyth, G G; Le Maitre, D C; O'Farrell, P J; van Wilgen, B W

2012-07-30

Invasions by alien plants are a significant threat to the biodiversity and functioning of ecosystems and the services they provide. The South African Working for Water program was established to address this problem. It needs to formulate objective and transparent priorities for clearing in the face of multiple and sometimes conflicting demands. This study used the analytic hierarchy process (a multi-criteria decision support technique) to develop and rank criteria for prioritising alien plant control operations in the Western Cape, South Africa. Stakeholder workshops were held to identify a goal and criteria and to conduct pair-wise comparisons to weight the criteria with respect to invasive alien plant control. The combination of stakeholder input (to develop decision models) with data-driven model solutions enabled us to include many alternatives (water catchments), that would otherwise not have been feasible. The most important criteria included the capacity to maintain gains made through control operations, the potential to enhance water resources and conserve biodiversity, and threats from priority invasive alien plant species. We selected spatial datasets and used them to generate weights that could be used to objectively compare alternatives with respect to agreed criteria. The analysis showed that there are many high priority catchments which are not receiving any funding and low priority catchments which are receiving substantial allocations. Clearly, there is a need for realigning priorities, including directing sufficient funds to the highest priority catchments to provide effective control. This approach provided a tractable, consensus-based solution that can be used to direct clearing operations. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Family planning: a basic development need.

PubMed

1994-06-01

The 1994 Human Development Report from the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) proposes a 20-20 Human Development Compact based on shared responsibilities between poor and rich nations, whereby poor and rich nations would help unmet basic human development needs such as primary education, primary health care, safe drinking water, and family planning over the next 10 years. This would require an additional US $30 to US $40 billion annually. Developing countries would commit 20% of their budgets to human priority concerns instead of the current 10% by reducing military expenditure, selling off unprofitable public enterprises and abandoning wasteful prestige projects. Donor countries would increase foreign aid from the current average of 7% to 20%. The report will propose a new concept of human security at the World Summit for Social Development to be held in March 1995, calling widespread human insecurity a universal problem. On average, poor nations have 19 soldiers for every one doctor. Global military spending has been declining since 1987 at the rate of 3.6% a year, resulting in a cumulative peace dividend of US $935 billion from 1987 to 1994. But this money has not been expended on unmet human needs. India ordered fighter planes at a cost that could have provided basic education to the 15 million Indian girls now out of school. Nigeria bought tanks from the UK at a cost that could have immunized all 2 million unimmunized children while also providing family planning to nearly 17 million couples. UNDP proposes a phasing out of all military assistance, military bases, and subsidies to arms exporters over a 3-year period. It also recommends the major restructuring of existing aid funds, and proposes a serious study on new institutions for global governance in the next century.

Decadal time scale variability recorded in the Quelccaya summit ice core δ18O isotopic ratio series and its relation with the sea surface temperature

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mélice, J. L.; Roucou, P.

The spectral characteristics of the δ18O isotopic ratio time series of the Quelccaya ice cap summit core are investigated with the multi taper method (MTM), the singular spectrum analysis (SSA) and the wavelet transform (WT) techniques for the 500 y long 1485-1984 period. The most significant (at the 99.8% level) cycle according to the MTM F-test has a period centered at 14.4 y while the largest variance explaining oscillation according to the SSA technique has a period centered at 12.9 y. The stability over time of these periods is investigated by performing evolutive MTM and SSA on the 500 y long δ18O series with a 100 y wide moving window. It is shown that the cycles with largest amplitude and that the oscillations with largest extracting variance have corresponding periods aggregated around 13.5 y that are very stable over the period between 1485 and 1984. The WT of the same isotopic time series reveals the existence of a main oscillation around 12 y which are also very stable in time. The relation between the isotopic data at Quelccaya and the annual sea surface temperature (SST) field anomalies is then evaluated for the overlapping 1919-1984 period. Significant global correlation and significant coherency at 12.1 y are found between the isotopic series and the annual global sea surface temperature (GSST) series. Moreover, the correlation between the low (over 8 y) frequency component of the isotopic time series and the annual SST field point out significant values in the tropical North Atlantic. This region is characterized by a main SST variability at 12.8 y. The Quelccaya δ18O isotopic ratio series may therefore be considered as a good recorder of the tropical North Atlantic SSTs. This may be explained by the following mechanism: the water vapor amount evaporated by the tropical North Atlantic is function of the SST. So is the water vapor δ18O isotopic ratio. This water vapor is advected during the rainy season by northeast winds and precipitates at the Quelccaya summit with its tropical North Atlantic isotopic signature. It is also suggested from this described stability of the decadal time scale variability observed in the Quelccaya isotopic series, that the decadal time scale GSST variability was also stable during the last five centuries.

Planning attitudes, lay philosophies, and water allocation: A preliminary analysis and research agenda

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Syme, Geoffrey J.; Nancarrow, Blair E.

Despite the important societal consequences of water policy, community attitudes toward planning, ethics, and equity for allocation of water have received little research attention. This preliminary research was conducted to assess the range and structure of planning attitudes and equity and ethical considerations which might be relevant to the general public's evaluation of water allocation systems. The relationship of these to priorities for water allocation were also examined. The results showed a complex structure for planning attitudes. There were also generalized but clearly defined community approaches to water allocation. A number of significant relationships between planning attitudes and philosophies of allocation were shown. Planning attitudes also related to priorities for water allocation. In practical terms the research provides some preliminary, ethically based evaluative criteria which could be applied to allocation decision-making systems. Theoretical research possibilities are also outlined.

The Cancer Moonshot Summit: Reaching New Heights

Cancer.gov

An NCI Cancer Currents blog from acting NCI Director Dr. Doug Lowy on the Cancer Moonshot national summit hosted by Vice President Joe Biden in Washington, D.C., including a summary of the NCI-related activities stimulated by the Cancer Moonshot.

75 FR 49550 - Notice of Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-13

.... FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Thomas Bolle, Office of Governmental, International and Public... this year's Summit will be handled separately by the National Organizations for Youth Safety. Thus, anyone who wishes to request exhibit space for the Summit should contact the National Organizations for...

The UAB University Transportation Center update : Vol. 4, No. 1.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-01-01

Dr. Russ Fine, Dr. Despina Stavrinos and Ms. Crystal Franklin were invited by US DOT Secretary Ray LaHood to attend the 2010 Distracted Driving Summit held in Washington, DC in September. The Summit brought together leading transportation officials, ...

Spotlight on the Tribal Indoor Air Quality Summit Workgroup in Midwest Region 5

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The Tribal IAQ Summit Workgroup uses a collaborative approach to increase the impact of tribes’ efforts to manage indoor air quality and improve community health for tribes in Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio and Wisconsin.

Episodic deflation-inflation events at Kīlauea Volcano and implications for the shallow magma system: Chapter 11

USGS Publications Warehouse

Anderson, Kyle R.; Poland, Michael; Johnson, Jessica H.; Miklius, Asta; Carey, Rebecca; Cayol, Valérie; Poland, Michael P.; Weis, Dominique

2015-01-01

Episodic variations in magma pressures and flow rates at Kīlauea Volcano, defined by a characteristic temporal evolution and termed deflation-inflation (DI) events, have been observed since at least the 1990s. DI events consist of transient, days-long deflations and subsequent reinflations of the summit region, accompanied since 2008 by fluctuations in the surface height of Kīlauea's summit lava lake. After a delay of minutes to hours, these events also often appear along the volcano's East Rift Zone in ground deformation data and as temporary reductions in eruption rate (sometimes followed by brief surges). Notable pauses in DI activity have preceded many eruptive events at Kīlauea. We analyzed more than 500 DI events recorded by borehole tiltmeters at the summit during 2000–2013. Inverse modeling suggests that DI-related ground deformation at the summit is generated by pressure transients in a shallow magma reservoir located beneath the east margin of Halema‘uma‘u Crater and that this reservoir has remained remarkably stable for more than a decade. Utilizing tilt data and variation in the level of the summit lava lake during a large DI event, we estimate a reservoir volume of approximately 1 km3 (0.2–5.5 km3 at 95% confidence).

A call to action: bold ideas from the Minnesota Women's Heart Summit.

PubMed

Ali, Nora; Lindquist, Ruth; Boucher, Jackie L; Witt, Dawn; Ambroz, Teresa; Konety, Suma H; Luepker, Russell; Windenburg, Denise; Hayes, Sharonne N

2012-05-01

Minnesota has the lowest overall coronary heart disease mortality rate in the United States. Yet disparities between men and women persist with regard to prevention, detection, and treatment. This has led to a gender gap not only in terms of care but also in survival rates. In an effort to better understand and close the gender gap, the Minneapolis Heart Institute, the Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation, the University of Minnesota, and Mayo Clinic hosted a multidisciplinary Women's Heart Summit in April 2010. The goals of the summit were to stimulate dialogue and devise strategies to eliminate untimely deaths of women from heart disease. Summit participants were asked to contribute suggestions--called "Bold Ideas"--to address sex-based differences in the prevention, detection, and treatment of heart disease. Ideas were categorized according to three themes: educational programming, modifications to the health care system, and government involvement and funding. From these, several solutions emerged: 1) Involve obstetric/gynecologic physicians in providing heart-health education; 2) involve mid-level providers (midwives and other advanced practice women's health care providers) and other health professionals in women's heart health education, and 3) maximize the use of social media and online newsfeeds to raise awareness of heart disease in women. This article summarizes the discussion of the main ideas submitted by summit participants.

7 CFR 1780.17 - Selection priorities and process.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

...) Projects that primarily recycle solid waste products thereby limiting the need for solid waste disposal—5..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) WATER AND WASTE LOANS AND GRANTS General Policies and Requirements... solid waste violations—15 points. (c) Median household income priorities. The median household income of...

7 CFR 1780.17 - Selection priorities and process.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

...) Projects that primarily recycle solid waste products thereby limiting the need for solid waste disposal—5..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) WATER AND WASTE LOANS AND GRANTS General Policies and Requirements... solid waste violations—15 points. (c) Median household income priorities. The median household income of...

7 CFR 1780.17 - Selection priorities and process.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

...) Projects that primarily recycle solid waste products thereby limiting the need for solid waste disposal—5..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) WATER AND WASTE LOANS AND GRANTS General Policies and Requirements... solid waste violations—15 points. (c) Median household income priorities. The median household income of...

OCCURRENCE OF A NEW GENERATION OF DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS

EPA Science Inventory

A survey of disinfection by-product (DBP) occurrence in the United States was conducted at 12 drinking water treatment plants. In addition to currently regulated DBPs, more than 50 DBPs that rated a high priority for potential toxicity were studied. These priority DBPs included...

Fluvial processes in Ma'adim Vallis and the potential of Gusev crater as a high priority site

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cabrol, Nathalie; Landheim, Ragnild; Greeley, Ronald; Farmer, Jack

1994-01-01

According to exobiology site selection criteria for Mars, the search for potential extinct/extant water dependent life should focus on sites were water flowed and ponded. The Ma'adim Vallis/Gusev crater system is of high priority for exobiology research, because it appears to have involved long term flooding, different periods and rates of sedimentation, and probable episodic ponding. The topics covered include the following: evidence of nonuniform fluvial processes and early overflooding of the plateau and ponding.

Climate change, water rights, and water supply: The case of irrigated agriculture in Idaho

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xu, Wenchao; Lowe, Scott E.; Adams, Richard M.

2014-12-01

We conduct a hedonic analysis to estimate the response of agricultural land use to water supply information under the Prior Appropriation Doctrine by using Idaho as a case study. Our analysis includes long-term climate (weather) trends and water supply conditions as well as seasonal water supply forecasts. A farm-level panel data set, which accounts for the priority effects of water rights and controls for diversified crop mixes and rotation practices, is used. Our results indicate that farmers respond to the long-term surface and ground water conditions as well as to the seasonal water supply variations. Climate change-induced variations in climate and water supply conditions could lead to substantial damages to irrigated agriculture. We project substantial losses (up to 32%) of the average crop revenue for major agricultural areas under future climate scenarios in Idaho. Finally, farmers demonstrate significantly varied responses given their water rights priorities, which imply that the distributional impact of climate change is sensitive to institutions such as the Prior Appropriation Doctrine.

A Vision for the Next Ten Years for Integrated Ocean Observing Data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Willis, Z. S.

2012-12-01

Ocean observing has come a long way since the Ocean Sciences Decadal Committee met over a decade ago. Since then, our use of the ocean and coast and their vast resources has increased substantially - with increased shipping, fishing, offshore energy development and recreational boating. That increased use has also spearheaded advances in observing systems. Cutting-edge autonomous and remotely operated vehicles scour the surface and travel to depths collecting essential biogeochemical data for better managing our marine resources. Satellites enable the global mapping of practically every physical ocean variable imaginable. A nationally-integrated coastal network of high-frequency radars lines the borders of the U.S. feeding critical navigation, response, and environmental information continuously. Federal, academic, and industry communities have joined in unique partnerships at regional, national, and global levels to address common challenges to monitoring our ocean. The 2002 Workshop, Building Consensus: Toward an Integrated and Sustained Ocean Observing System laid the framework for the current United States Integrated Ocean Observing System (U.S. IOOS). Ten years later, U.S. IOOS has moved from concept to reality, though much work remains to meet the nation's ocean observing needs. Today, new research and technologies, evolving users and user requirements, economic and funding challenges, and diverse institutional mandates all influence the future growth and implementation of U.S. IOOS. In light of this new environment, the Interagency Ocean Observation Committee (IOOC) will host the 2012 Integrated Ocean Observing System Summit in November 2012, providing a forum to develop a comprehensive ocean observing vision for the next decade, utilizing the knowledge and expertise gained by the IOOS-wide community over the past ten years. This effort to bring together ocean observing stakeholders at the regional, national, and global levels to address these challenges going forward: - Enhancing information delivery and integration to save lives, enhance the economy and protect the environment - Disseminating seamless information across regional and national boundaries - Harnessing technological innovations for new frontiers and opportunities The anticipated outcomes of the IOOS Summit include a highlight of the past decade of progress towards an integrated system, revisiting and updating user requirements, an assessment of existing observing system capabilities and gaps, identifying integration challenges/opportunities, and, establishing an U.S. IOOS-community-wide vision for the next 10 years of ocean observing. Most important will be the execution of priorities identified before and during the Summit, carrying them forward into a new decade of an enhanced Integrated and Sustained Ocean Observing System.

Investigating Mars: Arsia Mons

NASA Image and Video Library

2018-01-01

The three large aligned Tharsis volcanoes are Arsia Mons, Pavonis Mons and Ascreaus Mons (from south to north). There are collapse features on all three volcanoes, on the southwestern and northeastern flanks. This alignment may indicate a large fracture/vent system was responsible for the eruptions that formed all three volcanoes. The flows originating from Arsia Mons are thought to be the youngest of the region. This VIS image shows part of the northeastern flank of Arsia Mons at the summit caldera. In this region the summit caldera does not have a steep margin most likely due to renewed volcanic flows within this region of the caldera. The scalloped depressions at the top of the image are most likely created by collapse of the roof of lava tubes. Lava tubes originate during eruption event, when the margins of a flow harden around a still flowing lava stream. When an eruption ends these can become hollow tubes within the flow. With time, the roof of the tube may collapse into the empty space below. The tubes are linear, so the collapse of the roof creates a linear depression. Arsia Mons is the southernmost of the Tharsis volcanoes. It is 270 miles (450km) in diameter, almost 12 miles (20km) high, and the summit caldera is 72 miles (120km) wide. For comparison, the largest volcano on Earth is Mauna Loa. From its base on the sea floor, Mauna Loa measures only 6.3 miles high and 75 miles in diameter. A large volcanic crater known as a caldera is located at the summit of all of the Tharsis volcanoes. These calderas are produced by massive volcanic explosions and collapse. The Arsia Mons summit caldera is larger than many volcanoes on Earth. The Odyssey spacecraft has spent over 15 years in orbit around Mars, circling the planet more than 69000 times. It holds the record for longest working spacecraft at Mars. THEMIS, the IR/VIS camera system, has collected data for the entire mission and provides images covering all seasons and lighting conditions. Over the years many features of interest have received repeated imaging, building up a suite of images covering the entire feature. From the deepest chasma to the tallest volcano, individual dunes inside craters and dune fields that encircle the north pole, channels carved by water and lava, and a variety of other feature, THEMIS has imaged them all. For the next several months the image of the day will focus on the Tharsis volcanoes, the various chasmata of Valles Marineris, and the major dunes fields. We hope you enjoy these images! Orbit Number: 17716 Latitude: -8.11179 Longitude: 240.245 Instrument: VIS Captured: 2005-12-12 00:29 https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA22155

18 CFR 740.4 - State water management planning program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false State water management planning program. 740.4 Section 740.4 Conservation of Power and Water Resources WATER RESOURCES COUNCIL...) Describe water and related land resources problems, needs and opportunities, and the priorities proposed...

18 CFR 740.4 - State water management planning program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false State water management planning program. 740.4 Section 740.4 Conservation of Power and Water Resources WATER RESOURCES COUNCIL...) Describe water and related land resources problems, needs and opportunities, and the priorities proposed...

18 CFR 740.4 - State water management planning program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false State water management planning program. 740.4 Section 740.4 Conservation of Power and Water Resources WATER RESOURCES COUNCIL...) Describe water and related land resources problems, needs and opportunities, and the priorities proposed...

18 CFR 740.4 - State water management planning program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 2 2013-04-01 2012-04-01 true State water management planning program. 740.4 Section 740.4 Conservation of Power and Water Resources WATER RESOURCES COUNCIL...) Describe water and related land resources problems, needs and opportunities, and the priorities proposed...

Recovery Potential Screening for Prioritizing Restoration in Maryland Watersheds

EPA Science Inventory

States’ responsibilities under the Clean Water Act include identifying impaired waters (those not achieving Water Quality Standards) and ultimately restoring them. The high numbers of impaired waters in most states calls for yearly priority-setting decisions on restoration fundin...

Volcano Observations Using an Unmanned Autonomous Helicopter : seismic and GPS observations near the active summit area of Sakurajima and Kirishima volcano, Japan

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ohminato, T.; Kaneko, T.; Koyama, T.; Watanabe, A.; Takeo, M.; Iguchi, M.; Honda, Y.

2012-04-01

Observations in the vicinity of summit area of active volcanoes are very important from various viewpoints such as understanding physical processes in the volcanic conduit. It is, however, highly difficult to install observation sensors near active vents because of the risk of sudden eruptions. We have been developing a safe volcano observation system based on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). As an UAV, we adopted an unmanned autonomous helicopter manufactured by Yamaha-Motor Co., Ltd. We have also developed earthquake observation modules and GPS receiver modules that are exclusively designed for UAV installation at summit areas of active volcanoes. These modules are light weight, compact size, and solar powered. For data transmission, a commercial cellular-phone network is used. Our first application of the sensor installation by the UAV is Sakurajima, one of the most active volcanos in Japan. In November 2009, 2010, and 2011, we installed up to four seismic sensors within 2km from the active summit crater. In the 2010 and 2011 operations, we succeeded in pulling up and collecting the sensor modules by using the UAV. In the 2011 experiment, we installed two GPS receivers near the summit area of Sakurajima volcano. We also applied the UAV installation to another active volcano, Shinmoedake in Kirishima volcano group. Since the sub-plinian eruption in February 2011, entering the area 3km from the summit of Shinmoe-dake has been prohibited. In May and November 2011, we installed seismic sensors and GPS receivers in the off-limit zone. Although the ground coupling of the seismic modules is not perfect due to the way they are installed, the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic signals recorded by these modules is fairly good. Despite the low antenna height of 50 cm from the ground surface, the location errors in horizontal and vertical GPS components are 1cm and 3cm, respectively. For seismic signals associated with eruptions at Sakurajima from November 2010 to November 2011, we measure temporal variation of the amplitude ratio among the summit stations. In order to correct the amplitude variation due to the source amplitude variation, the amplitude of the recorded signals are normalized by using the amplitude of a permanent station, located on the western flank of Sakurajima 5km from the summit. The daily average of the normalized amplitude ratios among the summit stations shows clear temporal variation. The amplitude ratio variation can be classified to three stages. In the first stage, the amplitude ratios among the summit stations are nearly constant. The 2nd stage is characterized by a gradual increase in the amplitude ratio. The third stage is slightly difficult to define but we can say that the amplitude ratios are almost constant with fluctuations larger than that in the first stage. These changes strongly suggest a change in the source depth, probably migration of the source to the shallower portion in the volcanic conduit. Small change in the source position would have been observed as a big change in the observed amplitude ratio due to the closeness of the sensors to the source.

Humans to Mars Summit 2014

NASA Image and Video Library

2014-04-22

NASA Administrator Charles Bolden delivers the opening keynote address at the Humans to Mars Summit on April 22, 2014 at George Washington University in Washington, DC. Administrator Bolden spoke of NASA's path to the human exploration of Mars during his remarks. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

8. Historic American Buildings Survey Photocopy of an old view, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

8. Historic American Buildings Survey Photocopy of an old view, ca. 1920 From collection of Anna B. Scherer, Lees Summit, Mo. SOUTHEAST AND NORTHEAST FACADES WITH GARAGE/POWERHOUSE PRIOR TO GREENHOUSE MANGER'S HOUSE - Longview Farm, Greenhouses, Lees Summit, Jackson County, MO

78 FR 65210 - National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan; National Priorities List...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-31

..., Intergovernmental relations, Penalties, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, Superfund, Water pollution control...] National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan; National Priorities List: Deletion of the... Substances Pollution Contingency Plan (NCP). The EPA and the State of California, through the California...

Women's human rights at the World Summit for Social Development.

PubMed

Fried, S

1995-01-01

The Copenhagen Hearing on Economic Justice and Women's Human Rights was held on March 7, 1995 in conjunction with the NGO (nongovernmental organization) Forum during the UN World Summit on Social Development (the Social Summit). During the Copenhagen Hearing, 10 women from around the world testified on a wide range of topics connected with the issue of providing tangible meaning to the indivisibility of women's human rights. Also emphasized was the complexity of the US government in perpetrating abuses against women's human rights, either directly or indirectly. The NGO Forum resulted in several hundred NGOs signing The Quality Benchmark for the Social Summit and The Copenhagen Alternative Declaration, which pointed out the need to critique conventional economic and social policies. While many of the concerns raised at the NGO Forum were not reflected in the Summit's Programme of Action, one of the Programme's 10 commitments called for the promotion of gender equality and improvement in the status of women. The Programme also recognized the burden placed on women by poverty and social disintegration; accepted a broad definition of "family"; called for a quantitative consideration of the value of unremunerated work; and advanced the rights of workers in general, migrant workers, and indigenous people. The capacity of NGOs and other grassroots groups to demand implementation of international agreements and adherence to international human rights standards was also strengthened. Specifically, such groups may urge governments to 1) meet with women's NGOs to discuss implementation of the Social Summit Declaration and Programme of Action; 2) make a national commitment to implement the Platform of Action of the Fourth World Conference on Women; and 3) commit to the Pledge to Gender Justice, particularly to the implementation of international agreements in local and national laws and policies.

Mortality on Mount Everest, 1921-2006: descriptive study

PubMed Central

Zheng, Hui; Windsor, Jeremy S; Sutherland, Andrew I; Imray, Christopher H; Moore, G W K; Semple, John L; Roach, Robert C; Salisbury, Richard A

2008-01-01

Objective To examine patterns of mortality among climbers on Mount Everest over an 86 year period. Design Descriptive study. Setting Climbing expeditions to Mount Everest, 1921-2006. Participants 14 138 mountaineers; 8030 climbers and 6108 sherpas. Main outcome measure Circumstances of deaths. Results The mortality rate among mountaineers above base camp was 1.3%. Deaths could be classified as involving trauma (objective hazards or falls, n=113), as non-traumatic (high altitude illness, hypothermia, or sudden death, n=52), or as a disappearance (body never found, n=27). During the spring climbing seasons from 1982 to 2006, 82.3% of deaths of climbers occurred during an attempt at reaching the summit. The death rate during all descents via standard routes was higher for climbers than for sherpas (2.7% (43/1585) v 0.4% (5/1231), P<0.001; all mountaineers 1.9%). Of 94 mountaineers who died after climbing above 8000 m, 53 (56%) died during descent from the summit, 16 (17%) after turning back, 9 (10%) during the ascent, 4 (5%) before leaving the final camp, and for 12 (13%) the stage of the summit bid was unknown. The median time to reach the summit via standard routes was earlier for survivors than for non-survivors (0900-0959 v 1300-1359, P<0.001). Profound fatigue (n=34), cognitive changes (n=21), and ataxia (n=12) were the commonest symptoms reported in non-survivors, whereas respiratory distress (n=5), headache (n=0), and nausea or vomiting (n=3) were rarely described. Conclusions Debilitating symptoms consistent with high altitude cerebral oedema commonly present during descent from the summit of Mount Everest. Profound fatigue and late times in reaching the summit are early features associated with subsequent death. PMID:19074222

MEETING REPORT: UNESCO-MERCK AFRICA RESEARCH SUMMIT 2015- ACCELERATING ACCESS AND SUSTAINING INNOVATION ‘FROM AFRICA FOR AFRICA’

PubMed Central

Omange, R.W.; Ocholla, A.O.; Kwallah., A.O; Kageha, S. N.; Mwangi, J.; Cherutich, R. K; T.A., Odeny.; Nzomo, T.; Angwenyi, S.; Yonga., P; Kariuki, F.; Kyalo, M.; Mutai, P.C.; Nindo, F.; Songok, E.M

2017-01-01

Background: The Ebola virus disease outbreak of 2014 was the largest, longest and most devastating in the history of the disease. It demonstrated the social and economic impact an emerging infectious disease can have in a globalized world. Health systems in affected countries were stretched to the point of near collapse, while social relations and traditional practices were negatively impacted. Heads of African research institutions, African government representatives, leaders of global pharmaceutical companies, global infectious disease experts and close to 100 young African researchers from 25 countries; Assembled in Geneva on 19 and 20th October 2015, for the inaugural UNESCO-Merck Africa Summit sponsored by the United Nations Educational, Science and Culture Organization and Merck KGA Goal of Summit: The primary goal of the summit was to develop strategies to increase health research capacity in Africa, with special focus on Ebola and enhancing pandemic preparation for emerging infectious diseases. The summit was also provide a forum to showcase the research taking place in Africa, and provided platform for African researchers to network. Some of the key issues discussed included; strategies for enhancing policy frameworks to promote knowledge translation, strengthening of health systems, enhancing knowledge and data sharing, and increasing innovation in Africa. Conclusions: Summit attendees recognized that Africa still bore the heaviest burden of infectious disease, and increased commitment by African governments to fund health research, offered the best hope for developing health solutions and interventions to improve the health of Africans. Improved health in turn would enhance the productivity of Africans, further supporting the socio-economic transformation currently taking place on the continent. PMID:28337491

Elevation, Substrate, & Climate effects on Alpine & Sub-Alpine Plant Distribution in California & Nevada's High Mountains: Preliminary Data from the California and Nevada GLORIA Project

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Barber, A.; Millar, C.

2014-12-01

Documenting plant response to global climate change in sensitive zones, such as the alpine, is a major goal for global change biology. Basic information on alpine plant distribution by elevation and substrate provides a basis for anticipating which species may decline in a warming climate. The Global Observation Research Initiative in Alpine Environments (GLORIA) is a worldwide effort to document vegetation changes over time in alpine settings using permanent multi-summit plots. The California/Nevada group currently monitors seven permanent GLORIA target regions, composed of 29 summits in alpine and subalpine zones. Summits range in elevations from 2918m to 4325m on substrates including dolomite, granite, quartzite, and volcanics. High-resolution plant occurrence and cover data from the upper 10 meters of each summit are presented. Plants from our target regions can be divided into three groups: summit specialists found only on the highest peaks, alpine species found predominantly within the alpine zone, and broadly distributed species found in the alpine zone and below. Rock substrate and microsite soil development have a strong influence on plant communities and species richness. We present the first set of five-year resurvey and temperature data from 18 summits. We have documented some annual variation in species presence/absence at almost all sites, but no dramatic changes in total diversity. Consistent with the expectation of rising global temperatures, our soil temperature loggers have documented temperature increases at most of our sites. These data are a baseline for assessing bioclimatic shifts and future plant composition in California and Nevada's alpine zone.

Science to Sustain Terminal Lakes: The Walker River Basin Study

USGS Publications Warehouse

,

2005-01-01

Section 2507 of Public Law 107-171 (2002 Farm Bill) provided $200,000,000 to be used by the Secretary of the Interior, acting through the Commissioner of Reclamation, to provide water to at-risk natural desert terminal lakes. This bill was later amended under Public Law 108-7, Section 207 to include language 'Restoration of fish, wildlife, and associated habitats in watersheds of certain lakes'. The amendment specified that only Pyramid, Summit, and Walker Lakes in the State of Nevada were to be considered under Section 2507, Public Law 107-171.

Concentrations and loads of nutrients in the tributaries of the Lake Okeechobee watershed, south-central Florida, water years 2004-2008

USGS Publications Warehouse

Byrne, Michael J.; Wood, Molly S.

2011-01-01

Lake Okeechobee in south-central Florida is the second largest freshwater lake in the contiguous United States. Excessive phosphorus loading, harmful high and low water levels, and rapid expansion of non-native vegetation have threatened the health of the lake in recent decades. A study was conducted to monitor discharge and nutrient concentrations from selected tributaries into Lake Okeechobee and to evaluate nutrient loads. The data analysis was performed at 16 monitoring stations from December 2003 to September 2008. Annual and seasonal discharge measured at monitoring stations is affected by rainfall. Hurricanes affected three wet years (2004, 2005, and the latter part of 2008) and resulted in substantially greater discharge than the drought years of 2006, 2007, and the early part of 2008. Rainfall supplies about 50 percent of the water to Lake Okeechobee, discharge from the Kissimmee River supplies about 25 percent, and discharge from tributaries and groundwater seepage along the lake perimeter collectively provide the remaining 25 percent. Annually, tributary discharge from basins located on the west side of the Kissimmee River is about 5 to 6 times greater than that from basins located on the east side. For the purposes of this study, the basins on the east side of the Kissimmee River are called "priority basins" because of elevated phosphorus concentrations, while those on the west side are called "nonpriority" basins. Total annual discharge in the non-priority basins ranged from 245,000 acre-feet (acre-ft) in 2007 to 1,322,000 acre-ft in 2005, while annual discharge from the priority basins ranged from 41,000 acre-ft in 2007 to 219,000 acre-ft in 2005. Mean total phosphorus concentrations ranged from 0.10 to 0.54 milligrams per liter (mg/L) at the 16 tributaries during 2004–2008. Mean concentrations were significantly higher at priority basin sites than at non-priority basin sites, particularly at Arbuckle Creek and C 41A Canal. Concentrations of organic nitrogen plus ammonia ranged from 1.27 to 2.96 mg/L at the 16 tributaries during 2004–2008. Mean concentrations were highest at Fisheating Creek at Lake Placid (a non-priority site), and lowest at Wolff Creek, Taylor Creek near Grassy Island, and Otter Creek (three priority basin sites), and at Arbuckle Creek (a non-priority basin site). Mean concentrations of nitrite plus nitrate ranged from 0.01 to 0.55 mg/L at the 16 tributaries during 2004–2008. Mean concentrations measured in priority basins were significantly higher than those measured in non-priority basins. Nutrient concentrations were substantially lower in the non-priority basins; however, total loads were substantially higher due to discharge that was 5 to 6 times greater than from the priority basins. Total phosphorus, organic nitrogen plus ammonia, and nitrite plus nitrate loads from the non-priority basins were 1.5, 4.5, and 3.5 times greater, respectively, than were loads from the priority basins. In the non-priority basins, total phosphorus loads ranged from 35 metric tons (MT) in 2007 to 247 MT in 2005. In the priority basins, the loads ranged from 18 MT in 2007 to 136 MT in 2005. In the non-priority basins, organic nitrogen plus ammonia loads ranged from 337 MT in 2007 to 2,817 MT in 2005. In the priority basins, organic nitrogen plus ammonia loads ranged from 85 MT in 2007 to 503 MT in 2005. In the non-priority basins, nitrite plus nitrate loads ranged from 34 MT in 2007 to 143 MT in 2005. In the priority basins, nitrite plus nitrate loads ranged from 4 MT in 2007 to 27 MT in 2005.

Hydrology and snowmelt simulation of Snyderville Basin, Park City, and adjacent areas, Summit County, Utah

USGS Publications Warehouse

Brooks, Lynette E.; Mason, James L.; Susong, David D.

1998-01-01

Increasing residential and commercial development is placing increased demands on the ground- and surface-water resources of Snyderville Basin, Park City, and adjacent areas in the southwestern corner of Summit County, Utah. Data collected during 1993-95 were used to assess the quantity and quality of the water resources in the study area.Ground water within the study area is present in consolidated rocks and unconsolidated valley fill. The complex geology makes it difficult to determine the degree of hydraulic connection between different blocks of consolidated rocks. Increased ground-water withdrawal during 1983- 95 generally has not affected ground-water levels. Ground-water withdrawal in some areas, however, caused seasonal fluctuations and a decline in ground-water levels from 1994 to 1995, despite greater-than-normal recharge in the spring of 1995.Ground water generally has a dissolved-solids concentration that ranges from 200 to 600 mg/L. Higher sulfate concentrations in water from wells and springs near Park City and in McLeod Creek and East Canyon Creek than in other parts of the study area are the result of mixing with water that discharges from the Spiro Tunnel. The presence of chloride in water from wells and springs near Park City and in streams and wells near Interstate Highway 80 is probably caused by the dissolution of applied road salt. Chlorofluorocarbon analyses indicate that even though water levels rise within a few weeks of snowmelt, the water took 15 to 40 years to move from areas of recharge to areas of discharge.Water budgets for the entire study area and for six subbasins were developed to better understand the hydrologic system. Ground-water recharge from precipitation made up about 80 percent of the ground-water recharge in the study area. Ground-water discharge to streams made up about 40 percent of the surface water in the study area and ground-water discharge to springs and mine tunnels made up about 25 percent. Increasing use of ground water has the potential to decrease discharge to streams and affect both the amount and quality of surface water in the study area. A comparison of the 1995 to 1994 water budgets emphasizes that the hydrologic system in the study area is very dependent upon the amount of annual precipitation. Although precipitation on the study area was much greater in 1995 than in 1994, most of the additional water resulted in additional streamflow and spring discharge that flows out of the study area. Ground-water levels and groundwater discharge are dependent upon annual precipitation and can vary substantially from year to year.Snowmelt runoff was simulated to assist in estimating ground-water recharge to consolidated rock and unconsolidated valley fill. A topographically distributed snowmelt model controlled by independent inputs of net radiation, meteorological parameters, and snowcover properties was used to calculate the energy and mass balance of the snowcover.

Volatiles and energy released by Puracé volcano

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Maldonado, Luisa Fernanda Meza; Inguaggiato, Salvatore; Jaramillo, Marco Tulio; Valencia, Gustavo Garzón; Mazot, Agnes

2017-12-01

Total CO2 output of Puracé volcano (Colombia) was estimated on the basis of fluids discharged by fumaroles, soil gases, and dissolved carbon species in the aquifer. The soil CO2 emission was computed from a field survey of 512 points of CO2 soil flux measurements at the main degassing areas of Puracé volcano. The CO2 flux from Puracé's plume was estimated using an indirect method, that used the SO2 plume flux and CO2/SO2 ratio of the main high temperature fumarole. The total output of CO2 was estimated at ≅ 1500 t/day. The main contribution of CO2 comes from the plume (summit degassing) and from soil degassing that emit 673 and 812 t/day, respectively. The contributions of summit and soil degassing areas are comparable, indicating an intermediate degassing style partitioned between closed and open conduit systems. The estimated water vapor discharge (as derived from the chemical composition of the fumaroles, the H2O/CO2 ratio, and the SO2 plume flux) allowed calculation of the total thermal energy (fumarolic, soil degassing, and aquifer) released from the Puracé volcanic system. This was 360 MW.

Investigation of contributing factors regarding wrong-way driving on freeways, phase II.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-09-01

In the second phase of this project, two major tasks were completed: (1) organizing a national wrong-way driving : (WWD) summit and (2) developing guidelines for reducing WWD on freeways. The first national WWD summit was : held in Edwardsville, Illi...

Senior executive transportation & public safety summit : national traffic incident management leadership & innovation roadmap for success

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-09-05

This report summarizes the proceedings, findings, and recommendations from a two-day Senior Executive Summit on Transportation and Public Safety, held June 26 and 27, 2012 at the United States Department of Transportation (USDOT) in Washington, D.C. ...

Administrator Bridenstine Speaks at Humans to Mars Summit

NASA Image and Video Library

2018-05-09

NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine delivered the keynote address at the Humans to Mars Summit 2018, on Wednesday, May 9 at The George Washington University, in Washington. The annual event addresses the technical, scientific and policy challenges of making human exploration of Mars a reality.

Climate Controlled?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harney, John O.

2014-01-01

More than 250 higher education leaders from campuses across the U.S. met last week in Boston for the 2014 Presidential Summit on Climate Leadership. The summit was organized by Second Nature, the supporting organization for the American College & University Presidents' Climate Commitment (ACUPCC). Almost 700 colleges and universities have…

Humans to Mars Summit 2014

NASA Image and Video Library

2014-04-22

William Gerstenmaier, NASA Associatate Administrator for Human Exploration and Operations, right, answers a question during a panel discussion moderated by PBS NewsHour's Miles O'Brien at the Humans to Mars Summit on April 22, 2014 at George Washington University in Washington, DC. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

Higher Ambitions Summit. Rapporteur Report

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nash, Ian

2014-01-01

The Sutton Trust and Pearson two-day summit on higher ambitions in apprenticeships and vocational education drew more than 120 leaders in education, training and employment, policy makers, academics, and researchers to London. Delegates heard from political leaders stressing the importance they attach to high-quality apprenticeships. Presentations…

Achieving transformational change: using appreciative inquiry for strategic planning in a school of nursing.

PubMed

Harmon, Rebecca Bouterie; Fontaine, Dorrie; Plews-Ogan, Margaret; Williams, Anne

2012-01-01

To achieve transformational change, a transformational approach is needed. The Appreciative Inquiry (AI) summit is a method that has been used to achieve transformational change in business for at least 20 years, but this innovative alternative approach is unknown to nursing. At the University of Virginia School of Nursing, an AI Summit was designed to bring all staff, faculty, student representatives, and members of the community together to rewrite the school's strategic plan. New connections within the school, the university, and the community were made when 135 participants engaged in the appreciative, 4-step AI process of discovering, dreaming, designing, and creating the school's future. During the summit, 7 strategic teams formed to move the school toward the best possible future while building on the existing positive core. This article describes 10 steps needed to design an AI summit and implications for using this method at other schools of nursing. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Mock climate summit: teaching and assessing learning

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schweizer, D.; Gautier, C.; Bazerman, C.

2003-04-01

This paper will demonstrate the effectiveness of a Mock Climate Summit as a pedagogical approach for teaching the science and policy aspects of global climate change. The Mock Climate Summit is a student-centered course simulating the Conference of the Parties (COP) where international environmental protocols are negotiated. Compared to traditional lecture-based methods common in the geoscience classroom, the Mock Climate Summit uses negotiations and arguments to teach the interactions between these two “spheres” and demonstrate the depth and breadth of these interactions. Through a detailed assessment of students’ dialogue transcribed from video and audio tapes, we found that the nature of the student dialogue matures rapidly as they are given multiple opportunities to present, negotiate and argue a specific topic. Students’ dialogue progress from hypothetical (what-if) scenarios to action-oriented scenarios and implementation plans. The progression of the students’ dialogue shows increased comfort with the communities’ discourse as they take ownership of the point-of-view associated with their assumed roles.

Mock Climate Summit: Teaching and Assessing Learning

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schweizer, D.; Gautier, C.; Bazerman, C.

2003-04-01

This paper will demonstrate the effectiveness of a Mock Climate Summit as a pedagogical for teaching the science and policy aspects of global climate change. The Mock Climate Summit is a student-centered course simulating the Conference of the Parties (COP) where international environmental protocols are negotiated. Compared to traditional lecture-based methods common in the geoscience classroom, the Mock Climate Summit uses negotiations and arguments to teach the interactions between these two "spheres" and demonstrate the depth and breadth of these interactions. Through a detailed assessment of students' dialogue transcribed from video and audio tapes, we found that the nature of the student dialogue matures rapidly as they are given multiple opportunities to present, negotiate and argue a specific topic. Students' dialogue progress from hypothetical (what-if) scenarios to action-oriented scenarios and implementation plans. The progression of the students' dialogue shows increased comfort with the communities' discourse as they take ownership of the point-of-view associated with their assumed roles.

Consensus statement of the International Summit on Intellectual Disability and Dementia on valuing the perspectives of persons with intellectual disability.

PubMed

Watchman, Karen; Janicki, Matthew P; Udell, Leslie; Hogan, Mary; Quinn, Sam; Beránková, Anna

2018-01-01

The International Summit on Intellectual Disability and Dementia covered a range of issues related to dementia and intellectual disability, including the dearth of personal reflections of persons with intellectual disability affected by dementia. This article reflects on this deficiency and explores some of the personal perspectives gleaned from the literature, from the Summit attendees and from the experiences of persons with intellectual disability recorded or scribed in advance of the two-day Summit meeting. Systemic recommendations included reinforcing the value of the involvement of persons with intellectual disability in (a) research alongside removing barriers to inclusion posed by institutional/ethics review boards, (b) planning groups that establish supports for dementia and (c) peer support. Practice recommendations included (a) valuing personal perspectives in decision-making, (b) enabling peer-to-peer support models, (c) supporting choice in community-dwelling arrangements and (d) broadening availability of materials for persons with intellectual disability that would promote understanding of dementia.

The appeasement effect of a United Nations climate summit on the German public

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brüggemann, Michael; de Silva-Schmidt, Fenja; Hoppe, Imke; Arlt, Dorothee; Schmitt, Josephine B.

2017-11-01

The annual UN climate summits receive intense global media coverage, and as such could engage local publics around the world, stimulate debate and knowledge about climate politics, and, ultimately, mobilize people to combat climate change. Here we show that, in contrast to these hopes, although the German public were exposed to news about the 2015 Paris summit, they did not engage with it in a more active way. Comparing knowledge and attitudes before, during and after the summit using a three-wave online panel survey (quota sample, N = 1,121), we find that respondents learnt a few basic facts about the conference but they continue to lack basic background knowledge about climate policy. Trust in global climate policy increased a little, but citizens were less inclined to support a leading role for Germany in climate politics. Moreover, they were not more likely to engage personally in climate protection. These results suggest that this global media event had a modest appeasing rather than mobilizing effect.

Water data to answer urgent water policy questions: Monitoring design, available data and filling data gaps for determining the effectiveness of agricultural management practices for reducing tributary nutrient loads to Lake Erie

USGS Publications Warehouse

Bentanzo, Elin A.; Choquette, Anne F.; Reckhow, Kenneth H.; Hayes, Laura; Hagan, Erik R; Argue, Denise M.; Cangelosi, A.A.

2015-01-01

Throughout its history, the United States has made major investments in assessing natural resources, such as soils, timber, oil and gas, and water. These investments allow policy makers, the private sector and the American public to make informed decisions about cultivating, harvesting or conserving these resources to maximize their value for public welfare, environmental conservation and the economy. As policy issues evolve, new priorities and challenges arise for natural resource assessment, and new approaches to monitoring are needed. For example, informed conservation and use of the nation’s finite fresh water resources in the context of increasingly intensive land development is a priority for today’s policy decisionmakers. There is a need to evaluate whether today’s water monitoring programs are generating the information needed to answer questions surrounding these new policy priorities. The Northeast-Midwest Institute (NEMWI), in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program, initiated this project to explore the types and amounts of water data needed to address water-quality related policy questions of critical concern to today’s policy makers. The collaborating entities identified two urgent water policy questions and conducted case studies in the Northeast-Midwest region to determine the water data needed, water data available, and the best ways to fill the data gaps relative to those questions. This report details the output from one case study and focuses on the Lake Erie drainage basin, a data-rich area expected to be a best-case scenario in terms of water data availability.

7TH JAPAN - U.S. CONFERENCE ON DRINKING WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT AND WASTEWATER CONTROL

EPA Science Inventory

Update on U.S. Drinking Water and Water Quality Research

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (U.S. EPA) Office of Research and development continues to conduct drinking water and water quality related research to address high priority environmental problems. Curr...

Upward migration of the explosion sources at Sakurajima volcano, Japan, revield by a seismic network in the close vocinity of the summit crater

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ohminato, T.; Kaneko, T.; Koyama, T.; Watanabe, A.; Takeo, M.; Iguchi, M.

2011-12-01

Observations in the vicinity of summit area of active volcanoes are important not only for understanding physical processes in the volcanic conduit but also for eruption prediction and volcanic hazards mitigation. It is, however, challenging to install observation sensors near active vents because of the danger of sudden eruptions. We have been developing a volcano observation system based on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for safe observations near active volcanic vents. We deployed an unmanned autonomous helicopter which can aviate autonomously along a previously programmed path within a meter accuracy using real-time kinematics differential GPS equipment. The maximum flight time, flight distance, and payload are 90 minutes, 5km, and 10kg, respectively. By using the UAV, we installed seismic stations at the summit area of Sakurajima volcano, Japan. Since 2006, explosive eruptions have been continuing at the reopened Showa crater at the eastern flank near the summit of Sakurajima. Entering the area within 2 km from the active craters is prohibited, and thus there were no observation station in the summit area. From November 2nd to 12th, 2009, and from November 2nd to 12th, 2010, we conducted seismic station installation in Sakurajima summit area using UAV and successfully installed four seismic stations within 2km from the active craters. Since the installation of the seismic stations, we have succeeded in acquiring waveform data accompanying more than 500 moderate eruptions at Showa-crater. Except for the mechanical resonance contamination at 35Hz, the recorded waveforms are as good as that recorded at permanent stations in Sakurajima. Since the beginning of the observation in the vicinity of the summit crater, the normalized amplitudes of the signals accompanying eruptions at Showa crater had been almost steady. However, after early April 2011, gradual increase of the normalized amplitude started, and this increasing trend is continuing at the time of the abstract submission. This increasing trend of the normalized amplitude strongly suggests upward migration of the source of the explosive eruptions at Showa-crater. The upward migration may suggest further intensification of the activity of Sakurajima in the near future.

Summit Lake landslide and geomorphic history of Summit Lake basin, northwestern Nevada

USGS Publications Warehouse

Curry, B. Brandon; Melhorn, W.N.

1990-01-01

The Summit Lake landslide, northwestern Nevada, composed of Early Miocene pyroclastic debris, Ashdown Tuff, and basalt and rhyolite of the Black Rock Range, blocked the upper Soldier Creek-Snow Creek drainage and impounded Summit Lake sometimes prior to 7840 yr B.P. The slide covers 8.2 km2 and has geomorphic features characteristic of long run-out landslides, such as lobate form, longitudinal and transverse ridges, low surface gradient (7.1 ??), and preservation of original stratigraphic position of transported blocks. However, estimated debris volume is the smallest reported (2.5 ?? 105 m3) for a landslide of this type. The outflow channel of the Summit Lake basin was a northward-flowing stream valley entrenched by Mahogany Creek. Subsequent negative tectonic adjustment of the basin by about 35 m, accompanied by concommitant progradation of a prominent alluvial fan deposited by Mahogany Creek, argues for a probable diversion of drainage from the Alvord basin southward into the Lahontan basin. The landslide occurred while the creek flowed southward, transferring about 147 km2 of watershed from the Lahontan basin back to the Alvord basin. Overflow northward occurred during high stands of Pluvial Lake Parman in the basin; otherwise, under drier climates, the Summit Lake basin has been closed. Within large depressions on the slide surface, the ca. 6800 yr old Mazama Bed and other sediments have buried a weakly developed soil. Disseminated humus in the soil yields an age of 7840 ?? 310 yr B.P. Absence of older tephra (such as St. Helens M) brackets the slide age between 7840 and 19,000 yr B.P. Projectile points found on the highest strandlines of Pluvial Lake Parman suggest a ca 8700 yr B.P. age by correlation with cultural artifacts and radiocarbon ages from nearby Last Supper Cave, Nevada. Organic matter accumulation in landslide soils suggests ages ranging from 9100 to 16,250 yr B.P. Estimation of the age of the slide from morphologic data for the isolated Summit Lake population of Lahontan cutthroat trout does not conflict with the radiometric ages. ?? 1990.

The contribution of atmospheric proxies to the vertical distribution of ozone over Summit Station, Greenland

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bahramvash Shams, S.; Walden, V. P.; Oltmans, S. J.; Petropavlovskikh, I. V.; Kivi, R.; Thölix, L.

2017-12-01

The current trend and future concentrations of atmospheric ozone are active areas of research as the effect of the Montreal Protocol is realized. The trend of ozone is due to various chemical and dynamical parameters that create, destroy, and transport atmospheric ozone. These important parameters can be represented by different proxies, but their effects on ozone concentration are not completely understood. Previous studies show that proxies related to ozone have different contributions depending on latitude and altitude. In this study, we use vertical profiles of ozone derived from ozonesondes launched by the NOAA Global Monitoring Division at Summit Station, Greenland from 2005 to 2016. The effects of different proxies on ozone are investigated. Summit Station is located at 3,200 meters above sea level on the Greenland Ice Sheet and is a unique place in the Arctic. We use a stepwise multiple regression (MLR) technique to remove the seasonal cycle of ozone and investigate how the different proxies [solar flux (SF), the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO), the El Nino-Southern Oscillation index (ENSO), the Arctic Oscillation (AO), eddy heat flux (EHF), the volume of polar stratospheric clouds (VPSC), equivalent latitude (EL), and the tropopause pressure (TP)] affect the vertical distribution of ozone over Summit. The MLR is applied separately to total column ozone (TCO) as well as partial ozone columns (PCO) in the troposphere and the lower, middle, and upper stratosphere. Our results show that dynamical processes are important contributors to ozone concentrations over Summit Station. Tropospheric pressure and the QBO are effective predictors of ozone in the troposphere, lower and middle stratosphere, and to the TCO. The VPSC is an important contributor to changes in ozone in the middle stratosphere. AO explains part of low/mid stratospheric and TCO ozone cycle. A simulation model of ozone over Summit built from the MLR results explains the seasonal cycle and the trends in TCO over Summit with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 82% for TCO. Simulations of PCO in the lower and middle stratosphere range from R2 = 62% to 85%.

40 CFR 35.925-3 - Priority determination.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Priority determination. 35.925-3 Section 35.925-3 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER FEDERAL ASSISTANCE STATE AND LOCAL ASSISTANCE Grants for Construction of Treatment Works-Clean Water Act § 35.925-3...

40 CFR 35.925-3 - Priority determination.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Priority determination. 35.925-3 Section 35.925-3 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER FEDERAL ASSISTANCE STATE AND LOCAL ASSISTANCE Grants for Construction of Treatment Works-Clean Water Act § 35.925-3...

25 CFR 170.420 - What is the tribal priority list?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false What is the tribal priority list? 170.420 Section 170.420 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAND AND WATER INDIAN RESERVATION ROADS PROGRAM Planning, Design, and Construction of Indian Reservation Roads Program Facilities Transportation...

76 FR 11350 - National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan; National Priorities List...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-02

... and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan; National Priorities List: Partial Deletion of the... appendix of the National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan (NCP). This partial deletion pertains to the soil and ground water associated with the northern 62-acre parcel. After this...

77 FR 31215 - National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan; National Priorities List...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-25

... and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan; National Priorities List: Partial Deletion of the... National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan (NCP). This partial deletion pertains to the surface soil, unsaturated subsurface soil, surface water and sediments of Operable Unit (OU) 1...

78 FR 44512 - National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan; National Priorities List...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-24

... and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan; National Priorities List: Deletion of the Sola... Pollution Contingency Plan (NCP). The EPA and the State of California, through the Regional Water Quality...., Inc. Superfund Site without prior Notice of Intent to Delete because we view this as a...

Focused Field Investigations for Sewer Condition Assessment with EPA SSOAP Toolbox - abstract

EPA Science Inventory

The Nation’s sanitary sewer infrastructure is aging, and it is currently one of the top national water program priorities, and is one of the top priorities of the U.S. Conference of Mayors. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency developed the Sanitary Sewer Overflow Analysis a...

Focused Field Investigations for Sewer Condition Assessment with EPA SSOAP Toolbox

EPA Science Inventory

The Nation’s sanitary sewer infrastructure is aging, and it is currently one of the top national water program priorities, and is one of the top priorities of the U.S. Conference of Mayors. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) developed the Sanitary Sewer Overflow Anal...

2012 ARPA-E Energy Innovation Summit Keynote Presentation (Bill Clinton, 42nd President of the United States)

ScienceCinema

Clinton, William J.

2018-05-03

The third annual ARPA-E Energy Innovation Summit was held in Washington D.C. in February, 2012. The event brought together key players from across the energy ecosystem - researchers, entrepreneurs, investors, corporate executives, and government officials - to share ideas for developing and deploying the next generation of energy technologies. Former President Bill Clinton, the 42nd President of the United States, gave the final keynote address of the 2012 Summit on February 29. He addressed the importance of government investment in research that will help move the world toward a cleaner and more secure energy future.

2012 ARPA-E Energy Innovation Summit Keynote Presentation (Bill Clinton, 42nd President of the United States)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Clinton, William J.

The third annual ARPA-E Energy Innovation Summit was held in Washington D.C. in February, 2012. The event brought together key players from across the energy ecosystem - researchers, entrepreneurs, investors, corporate executives, and government officials - to share ideas for developing and deploying the next generation of energy technologies. Former President Bill Clinton, the 42nd President of the United States, gave the final keynote address of the 2012 Summit on February 29. He addressed the importance of government investment in research that will help move the world toward a cleaner and more secure energy future.

Earth Summit Science, policy discussed

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Leath, Audrey T.

The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, the “Earth Summit,” convenes in Rio de Janeiro on June 3. President Bush has pledged to attend part of the 2-week conference. The highlight of the summit will be the signing of an international framework convention to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases. The final elements of the agreement were negotiated in New York last week by representative of 143 countries. In anticipation of the Rio conference, the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources held two standing-roomonly hearings, reviewing the scientific basis for global warming due to greenhouse gases and discussing the details of the proposed convention.

Rehabilitation Medicine Summit: Building Research Capacity

PubMed Central

Frontera, Walter R; Fuhrer, Marcus J; Jette, Alan M; Chan, Leighton; Cooper, Rory A; Duncan, Pamela W; Kemp, John D; Ottenbacher, Kenneth J; Peckham, P Hunter; Roth, Elliot J; Tate, Denise G

2006-01-01

Summary: The general objective of the “Rehabilitation Medicine Summit: Building Research Capacity” was to advance and promote research in medical rehabilitation by making recommendations to expand research capacity. The five elements of research capacity that guided the discussions were: 1) researchers; 2) research culture, environment, and infrastructure; 3) funding; 4) partnerships; and 5) metrics. The 100 participants included representatives of professional organizations, consumer groups, academic departments, researchers, governmental funding agencies, and the private sector. The small group discussions and plenary sessions generated an array of problems, possible solutions, and recommended actions. A post-Summit, multi-organizational initiative is called to pursue the agendas outlined in this report. PMID:16572568

Maximizing grain sorghum water use efficiency under deficit irrigation

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Development and evaluation of sustainable and efficient irrigation strategies is a priority for producers faced with water shortages resulting from aquifer depletion, reduced base flows, and reallocation of water to non-agricultural sectors. Under a limited water supply, yield maximization may not b...