Stress induced near fault-zone breakout rotation: Two case studies in TCDP and JFAST

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, H. Y.; Brodsky, E. E.; Moe, K.; Kinoshita, M.

2014-12-01

Within the past decade, two successful rapid-response drilling projects have measured breakouts within the nearfault of a recently ruptured fault. Breakout observation is the direct way to detect the far and near filed stress orientation in drilling. Here we compare those data. In 2006, ICDP performed an inland drilling project to penetrate Chelungpu fault plane in central of Taiwan, which had recently slipped in 1999 Mw 7.6 Chi-Chi earthquake. This drilling project succeeded in full coring and collecting comprehensive logging data in the borehole. The resistivity images run by Formation Micro Imager (FMI) indicated that a breakout rotation in the vicinity of the fault (1111mbf). Leak-off tests on site constrained the magnitude of minimum horizontal principal stress. Here we use these data to determine the stress variation in the fault plane in our breakout dislocation model. Based on the amount of breakout azimuth, rotation and fault geometry, the stress drop can be estimated in this model. In 2012, IODP initiated a rapid drilling project after the 2011 Mw9.0 Tohoku earthquake in Japan Trench. Due to the deep-water depth, only a real-time resistivity image recorded by Logging While Drilling (LWD) and few core samples are recovered by this expedition. However, the breakout azimuth occurred near the plate boundary (820mbsf) represents the stress disturbance after the dramatic slip comparing to TCDP case. In this research, we are attempting to discuss the possible effect factors and reconstruct the geo-mechanical models to interpret the breakout distribution observed from logging data and the stress state after these huge earthquakes.

Perceptual Measurement in Schizophrenia: Promising Electrophysiology and Neuroimaging Paradigms From CNTRICS

PubMed Central

Butler, Pamela D.; Chen, Yue; Ford, Judith M.; Geyer, Mark A.; Silverstein, Steven M.; Green, Michael F.

2012-01-01

The sixth meeting of the Cognitive Neuroscience Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (CNTRICS) focused on selecting promising imaging paradigms for each of the cognitive constructs selected in the first CNTRICS meeting. In the domain of perception, the 2 constructs of interest were “gain control” and “visual integration.” CNTRICS received 6 task nominations for imaging paradigms for gain control and 3 task nominations for integration. The breakout group for perception evaluated the degree to which each of these tasks met prespecified criteria. For gain control, the breakout group believed that one task (mismatch negativity) was already mature and was being incorporated into multisite clinical trials. The breakout group recommended that 1 visual task (steady-state visual evoked potentials to magnocellular- vs parvocellular-biased stimuli) and 2 auditory measures (an event-related potential (ERP) measure of corollary discharge and a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) version of prepulse inhibition of startle) be adapted for use in clinical trials in schizophrenia research. For visual integration, the breakout group recommended that fMRI and ERP versions of a contour integration test and an fMRI version of a coherent motion test be adapted for use in clinical trials. This manuscript describes the ways in which each of these tasks met the criteria used in the breakout group to evaluate and recommend tasks for further development. PMID:21890745

Simulations of Flare Reconnection in Breakout Coronal Mass Ejections

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

DeVore, C. Richard; Karpen, J. T.; Antiochos, S. K.

2009-05-01

We report 3D MHD simulations of the flare reconnection in the corona below breakout coronal mass ejections (CMEs). The initial setup is a single bipolar active region imbedded in the global-scale background dipolar field of the Sun, forming a quadrupolar magnetic configuration with a coronal null point. Rotational motions applied to the active-region polarities at the base of the atmosphere introduce shear across the polarity inversion line (PIL). Eventually, the magnetic stress and energy reach the critical threshold for runaway breakout reconnection, at which point the sheared core field erupts outward at high speed. The vertical current sheet formed by the stretching of the departing sheared field suffers reconnection that reforms the initial low-lying arcade across the PIL, i.e., creates the flare loops. Our simulation model, the Adaptively Refined MHD Solver, exploits local grid refinement to resolve the detailed structure and evolution of the highly dynamic current sheet. We are analyzing the numerical experiments to identify and interpret observable signatures of the flare reconnection associated with CMEs, e.g., the flare loops and ribbons, coronal jets and shock waves, and possible origins of solar energetic particles. This research was supported by NASA and ONR.

Human Mars Mission: Weights and Mass Properties. Pt. 1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Brothers, Bobby

1999-01-01

This paper presents a final report on The Human Mars Mission Weights and Measures. The topics included in this report are: 1) Trans-Earth Injection Storage Human Mars Mission (HMM) Chemical Design Reference Mission (DRM) v4.0a Weight Breakout; 2) Ascent Stage HMM Chemical DRM v4.0a Weight Breakout; 3) Descent Stages HMM Chemical DRM v4.0a Weight Breakout; 4) Trans-Mars Injection Stages HMM Chemical DRM v4.0a Weight Breakout; 5) Trans-Earth Injection Stage HMM Solar Electric Propulsion (SEP) DRM v4.0a Weight Breakout; 6) Ascent Stage HMM SEP DRM v4.0a Weight Breakout; 7) Descent Stages HMM SEP DRM v4.0a Weight Breakout; 8) Trans-Mars Injection Stages HMM SEP DRM v4.0a Weight Breakout; 9) Crew Taxi Stage HMM SEP DRM v4.0 Weight Breakout; 10)Trans-Earth Injection Stage HMM Nuclear DRM v4.0a Weight Breakout; 11) Ascent Stage HMM Nuclear DRM v4.0a Weight Breakout; 12) Descent Stages HMM Nuclear DRM v4.0a Weight Breakout; 13) Trans-Mars Injection Stages HMM Nuclear DRM v4.0a Weight Breakout; and 14) HMM Mass Properties Coordinate System.

In situ stress magnitude and rock strength in the Nankai accretionary complex: a novel approach using paired constraints from downhole data in two wells

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huffman, K. A.; Saffer, D. M.; Dugan, B.

2016-07-01

We present a method to simultaneously constrain both far-field horizontal stress magnitudes ( S hmin and S Hmax) and in situ rock unconfined compressive strength (UCS), using geophysical logging data from two boreholes located 70 m apart that access the uppermost accretionary prism of the Nankai subduction zone . The boreholes sample the same sediments and are affected by the same tectonic stress field, but were drilled with different annular pressures, thus providing a unique opportunity to refine estimates of both in situ stress magnitudes and rock strength. We develop a forward model to predict the angular width of compressional wellbore failures (borehole breakouts), and identify combinations of S Hmax and UCS that best match breakout widths observed in resistivity images from the two boreholes. The method requires knowledge of S hmin, which is defined by leak-off tests conducted during drilling. Our results define a normal to strike-slip stress regime from 900 to 1386 m below seafloor, consistent with observations from seismic and core data. Our analysis also suggests that in situ values of UCS are generally slightly lower that commonly assumed on the basis of published empirical relations between UCS and P-wave velocity.

Radiative transfer calculations of ultra-relativistic shock breakout in circumstellar medium: Dependence on the central engine activity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ohtani, Yukari; Suzuki, Akihiro; Shigeyama, Toshikazu

2015-08-01

Core collapse supernovae radiate bright X-ray or UV flashes imediately after their explosion, because shock waves emerge on the surfaces of the progenitors. Due to their short duration, a very small number of such events (so called shock breakouts) have been observed, and the maximum shock velocities are likely to be significantly smaller than the speed of light. In principle, we can consider the shocks with ultra-relativistic velocities breakout stellar surfaces and generate gamma-ray photons. A recently popular theory of gamma-ray bursts argues that the thermal radiation produced in the jet may play important roles in the prompt emission. Therefore, for understanding of the relation between jets and the central engine, studying properties of breakouts in the relativistic limit will be interesting. To obtain some information concerning the temporal evolution of the photospheric emission from jets, we make a radiative transfer calculation of ultra-relativistic shock breakout in circumstellar medium by using a Monte Carlo method. We use a self-similar solution constructed by Blandford & McKee (1976), in which the shock Lorentz factor is assumed to follow a simple power law relation determined by the central engine activity. By comparing the calculation results of the accelerating shock and the decelerating shock, we find that influence of the beaming effect and the scattering angular distribution cause two apparent differences in light curves and temporal spectral evolution. One is that the ratio of the time between the onset and the peak to the duration is much smaller in light curves of decelerating shocks. The other one is that the spectral shape does not significantly change with time if the shock accelerates, otherwise the first half of the emerging photons contains much more high energy photons (above 1 MeV) than the second half.

Stress estimation from borehole scans for prediction of excavation overbreak in brittle rock

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

LeRiche, Andrew Campbell

In the field of geomechanics, one of the most important considerations during design is the state of stress that exists at the location of a project. Despite this, stress is often the most poorly understood site characteristic, given the current challenges in accurately measuring it. This stems from the fact that stress can't be directly measured, but must be inferred by disturbing the rockmass and recording its response. Although some methods do exist for the prediction of in situ stress, this only provides a point estimate and is often plagued with uncertain results and practical limitations in the field. This research proposes a methodology of continuously predicting stress along a borehole through the back analysis of borehole breakout and how this same approach could be employed to predict excavation overbreak. KGHM's Victoria Project in Sudbury, Canada, was the location of data collection, which firstly involved site characterization through common geotechnical core logging procedures and laboratory scale intact core testing. Testing comprised Brazilian tensile strength and unconfined compressive strength testing, which involved the characterization of crack accumulation in both cases. From two pilot holes, acoustic televiewer surveys were completed to characterize the occurrence and geometry of breakout. This was done to predict the orientation of major principal stresses in the horizontal axis, with the results being further validated by the geometry of stress-induced core disking. From the lab material properties and breakout geometries, a continuum based, back analysis of breakout was done through the creation of a generic database of stress dependent numerical models. When compared with the in situ breakout profiles, this created an estimate of stress as a function of depth along each hole. The consideration of the presence of borehole fluid on the estimate of stress was also made. This provided the upper-bound estimate of stress from this methodology. Given the generic nature of the numerical models, potential shaft overbreak was also assessed using this technique and from the previously described estimate of stress.

Understanding tectonic stress and rock strength in the Nankai Trough accretionary prism, offshore SW Japan

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huffman, Katelyn A.

Understanding the orientation and magnitude of tectonic stress in active tectonic margins like subduction zones is important for understanding fault mechanics. In the Nankai Trough subduction zone, faults in the accretionary prism are thought to have historically slipped during or immediately following deep plate boundary earthquakes, often generating devastating tsunamis. I focus on quantifying stress at two locations of interest in the Nankai Trough accretionary prism, offshore Southwest Japan. I employ a method to constrain stress magnitude that combines observations of compressional borehole failure from logging-while-drilling resistivity-at-the-bit generated images (RAB) with estimates of rock strength and the relationship between tectonic stress and stress at the wall of a borehole. I use the method to constrain stress at Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 808 and Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Site C0002. At Site 808, I consider a range of parameters (assumed rock strength, friction coefficient, breakout width, and fluid pressure) in the method to constrain stress to explore uncertainty in stress magnitudes and discuss stress results in terms of the seismic cycle. I find a combination of increased fluid pressure and decreased friction along the frontal thrust or other weak faults could produce thrust-style failure, without the entire prism being at critical state failure, as other kinematic models of accretionary prism behavior during earthquakes imply. Rock strength is typically inferred using a failure criterion and unconfined compressive strength from empirical relations with P-wave velocity. I minimize uncertainty in rock strength by measuring rock strength in triaxial tests on Nankai core. I find strength of Nankai core is significantly less than empirical relations predict. I create a new empirical fit to our experiments and explore implications of this on stress magnitude estimates. I find using the new empirical fit can decrease stress predicted in the method by as much as 4 MPa at Site C0002. I constrain stress at Site C0002 using geophysical logging data from two adjacent boreholes drilled into the same sedimentary sequence with different drilling conditions in a forward model that predicts breakout width over a range of horizontal stresses (where SHmax is constrained by the ratio of stresses that would produce active faulting and Shmin is constrained from leak-off-tests) and rock strength. I then compare predicted breakout widths to observations of breakout widths from RAB images to determine the combination of stresses in the model that best match real world observations. This is the first published method to constrain both stress and strength simultaneously. Finally, I explore uncertainty in rock behavior during compressional breakout formation using a finite element model (FEM) that predicts Biot poroelastic changes in fluid pressure in rock adjacent to the borehole upon its excavation and explore the effect this has on rock failure. I test a range of permeability and rock stiffness. I find that when rock stiffness and permeability are in the range of what exists at Nankai, pore fluid pressure increase +/- 45° from Shmin and can lead to weakening of wall rock and a wider compressional failure zone than what would exist at equilibrium conditions. In a case example at, we find this can lead to an overestimate of tectonic stress using compressional failures of ~2 MPa in the area of the borehole where fluid pressure increases. In areas around the borehole where pore fluid decreases (+/- 45° from SHmax), the wall rock can strengthen which suppresses tensile failure. The implications of this research is that there are many potential pitfalls in the method to constrain stress using borehole breakouts in Nankai Trough mudstone, mostly due to uncertainty in parameters such as strength and underlying assumptions regarding constitutive rock behavior. More laboratory measurement and/or models of rock properties and rock constitutive behavior is needed to ensure the method is accurately providing constraints on stress magnitude. (Abstract shortened by ProQuest.).

Formation of slot-shaped borehole breakout within weakly cementedsandstones

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nakagawa, Seiji; Tomutsa, Liviu; Myer, Larry R.

2005-06-10

Breakout (wall failure) of boreholes within the earth can take several forms depending upon physical properties of the surrounding rock and the stress and flow conditions. Three distinctive modes of breakout are (I) extensile breakout observed in brittle rocks (e.g., Haimson and Herrick, 1986), (II) shear breakout in soft and clastic rocks (Zoback et al., 1985), and (III) fracture-like, slot-shaped breakout within highly porous granular rocks (Bessinger et al., 1997; Haimson and Song, 1998). During fluid production and injection within weakly cemented high-porosity rocks, the third type of failure could result in sustained and excessive sand production (disintegration of themore » rock's granular matrix and debris production). An objective of this research is to investigate the physical conditions that result in the formation of slot-shaped borehole breakout, via laboratory experiments. Our laboratory borehole breakout experiment was conducted using synthetic high-porosity sandstone with controlled porosity and strength. Block samples containing a single through-goring borehole were subjected to anisotropic stresses within a specially designed tri-axial loading cell. A series of studies was conducted to examine the impact of (1) stress anisotropy around the borehole, (2) rock strength, and (3) fluid flow rate within the borehole on the formation of slot-shaped borehole breakout. The geometry of the breakout was determined after the experiment using X-ray CT. As observed in other studies (Hamison and Song, 1998; Nakagawa and Myer, 2001), flow within a borehole plays a critical role in extending the slot-shaped breakout. The results of our experiments indicated that the width of the breakout was narrower for stronger rock, possibly due to higher resistance to erosion, and the orientation of the breakout plane was better defined for a borehole subjected to stronger stress anisotropy. In most cases, the breakout grew rapidly once the borehole wall started to fail. This 'run-away' failure growth is induced by monotonically increasing stress concentration at the breakout tips, although this effect may be augmented by the finite size of the sample.« less

Shot H3837: Darht's First Dual-Axis Explosive Experiment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mendez, Jacob; McNeil, Wendy Vogan; Harsh, James; Hull, Lawrence

2011-06-01

Test H3837 was the first explosive shot performed in front of both flash x-ray axes at the Los Alamos Dual Axis Radiographic HydroTest (DARHT) facility. Executed in November 2009, the shot was an explosively-driven metal flyer plate in a series of experiments designed to explore equation-of-state properties of shocked materials. Imaging the initial shock wave traveling through the flyer plate, DARHT Axis II captured the range of motion from the shock front emergence in the flyer to breakout at the free surface; the Axis I pulse provided a perpendicular perspective of the shot at a time coinciding with the third pulse of Axis II. Since the days of the Manhattan Project, penetrating radiography with multiple frames from different viewing angles has remained a high-profile goal at the Laboratory. H3837 is merely the beginning of a bright future for two-axis penetrating radiography.

Shock break-out: how a GRB revealed the beginnings of a supernova.

PubMed

Blustin, Alexander J

2007-05-15

In February 2006, Swift caught a gamma-ray burst (GRB) in the act of turning into a supernova, and made the first ever direct observations of the break-out and early expansion of a supernova shock wave. GRB 060218 began with an exceptionally long burst of non-thermal gamma-rays, lasting over 2000s, as a jet erupted through the surface of the star. While this was in progress, an optically-thick thermal component from the shock wave of the supernova explosion grew to prominence, and we were able to track the mildly relativistic expansion of this shell as the blackbody peak moved from the X-rays into the UV and optical bands. The initial radius of the shock implied that it was a blue supergiant that had exploded, but the lack of hydrogen emission lines in the supernova spectrum indicated a more compact star. The most likely scenario is that the shock ploughed into the massive stellar wind of a Wolf-Rayet progenitor, with the shock breaking-out and becoming visible to us once it reached the radius where the wind became optically-thin. I present the Swift observations of this landmark event, and discuss the new questions and answers it leaves us with.

Borehole Breakout Growth and In-Situ Stress Orientation in the Central Scandinavian Caledonides: Results from the Cosc-1 Borehole

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wenning, Q.; Zappone, A.; Berthet, T.; Ask, M. V. S.; Rosberg, J. E.; Almqvist, B. S. G.

2017-12-01

Borehole breakouts are often assumed to form near instantaneously due to stress perturbations around boreholes after the rock mass was removed. Recent observations in sediments [e.g., Moore et al., 2011] and crystalline rocks [e.g., Berard and Cornet, 2003], as well as numerical modelling results [e.g., Schoenball et al., 2014], suggest that there are cases in which borehole breakout grows radially over time, forcing us to reconsider subsurface stress estimation. These observations are rare due to drilling difficulties (i.e., cementing and casing the borehole after drilling), often only allowing a single image logging campaign. In 2014, the Collisional Orogeny in the Scandinavian Caledonides deep scientific borehole (COSC-1) was drilled to a depth of 2.5 km. To date the borehole is open and uncased, allowing two acoustic televiewer logging campaigns, with more than one year between campaigns. The borehole is still available for supplementary data collactions. These logs provide detailed images along the full length of the 2.5 km deep borehole with 1.6 km of overlapping logs for breakout and drilling induced tensile fracture analysis. The results show from the sparse occurrence of breakouts and drilling induced tensile fractures a NW-SE average maximum horizontal stress direction, consistent with the general trend in Scandinavia. The unique acquisition of image logs in two successions allows for analysis of time-dependent borehole deformation, indicating that six breakout zones have crept, both along the borehole axis and radially (up to 20° growth) around the borehole. While some breakouts have grown, the formation of new breakouts has not occurred. The occurrence of breakouts and their growth appear to be independent of lithology. The observed growth after the second logging campaign suggests that under conditions where the stress exceeded the strength of the rock, the resulting breakout causes perturbations in the stresses around the borehole in the near vicinity. As those stresses are redistributed around the breakouts over the course of the year, the breakouts widen. The fact that no new breakout zones have formed suggests that the brittle creeping is not likely to initiate breakouts and that an initial perturbation during drilling (i.e., a breakout) is required to observe such a phenomenon.

Comparison of Procedures for Dual and Triple Closely Spaced Parallel Runways

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Verma, Savita; Ballinger, Deborah; Subramanian Shobana; Kozon, Thomas

2012-01-01

A human-in-the-loop high fidelity flight simulation experiment was conducted, which investigated and compared breakout procedures for Very Closely Spaced Parallel Approaches (VCSPA) with two and three runways. To understand the feasibility, usability and human factors of two and three runway VCSPA, data were collected and analyzed on the dependent variables of breakout cross track error and pilot workload. Independent variables included number of runways, cause of breakout and location of breakout. Results indicated larger cross track error and higher workload using three runways as compared to 2-runway operations. Significant interaction effects involving breakout cause and breakout location were also observed. Across all conditions, cross track error values showed high levels of breakout trajectory accuracy and pilot workload remained manageable. Results suggest possible avenues of future adaptation for adopting these procedures (e.g., pilot training), while also showing potential promise of the concept.

Learning an EMG Controlled Game: Task-Specific Adaptations and Transfer

PubMed Central

van Dijk, Ludger; van der Sluis, Corry K.; van Dijk, Hylke W.; Bongers, Raoul M.

2016-01-01

Video games that aim to improve myoelectric control (myogames) are gaining popularity and are often part of the rehabilitation process following an upper limb amputation. However, direct evidence for their effect on prosthetic skill is limited. This study aimed to determine whether and how myogaming improves EMG control and whether performance improvements transfer to a prosthesis-simulator task. Able-bodied right-handed participants (N = 28) were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups. The intervention group was trained to control a video game (Breakout-EMG) using the myosignals of wrist flexors and extensors. Controls played a regular Mario computer game. Both groups trained 20 minutes a day for 4 consecutive days. Before and after training, two tests were conducted: one level of the Breakout-EMG game, and grasping objects with a prosthesis-simulator. Results showed a larger increase of in-game accuracy for the Breakout-EMG group than for controls. The Breakout-EMG group moreover showed increased adaptation of the EMG signal to the game. No differences were found in using a prosthesis-simulator. This study demonstrated that myogames lead to task-specific myocontrol skills. Transfer to a prosthesis task is therefore far from easy. We discuss several implications for future myogame designs. PMID:27556154

Learning an EMG Controlled Game: Task-Specific Adaptations and Transfer.

PubMed

van Dijk, Ludger; van der Sluis, Corry K; van Dijk, Hylke W; Bongers, Raoul M

2016-01-01

Video games that aim to improve myoelectric control (myogames) are gaining popularity and are often part of the rehabilitation process following an upper limb amputation. However, direct evidence for their effect on prosthetic skill is limited. This study aimed to determine whether and how myogaming improves EMG control and whether performance improvements transfer to a prosthesis-simulator task. Able-bodied right-handed participants (N = 28) were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups. The intervention group was trained to control a video game (Breakout-EMG) using the myosignals of wrist flexors and extensors. Controls played a regular Mario computer game. Both groups trained 20 minutes a day for 4 consecutive days. Before and after training, two tests were conducted: one level of the Breakout-EMG game, and grasping objects with a prosthesis-simulator. Results showed a larger increase of in-game accuracy for the Breakout-EMG group than for controls. The Breakout-EMG group moreover showed increased adaptation of the EMG signal to the game. No differences were found in using a prosthesis-simulator. This study demonstrated that myogames lead to task-specific myocontrol skills. Transfer to a prosthesis task is therefore far from easy. We discuss several implications for future myogame designs.

Technical Interchange Meeting Guidelines Breakout

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fong, Rob

2002-01-01

Along with concept developers, the Systems Evaluation and Assessment (SEA) sub-element of VAMS will develop those scenarios and metrics required for testing the new concepts that reside within the System-Level Integrated Concepts (SLIC) sub-element in the VAMS project. These concepts will come from the NRA process, space act agreements, a university group, and other NASA researchers. The emphasis of those concepts is to increase capacity while at least maintaining the current safety level. The concept providers will initially develop their own scenarios and metrics for self-evaluation. In about a year, the SEA sub-element will become responsible for conducting initial evaluations of the concepts using a common scenario and metric set. This set may derive many components from the scenarios and metrics used by the concept providers. Ultimately, the common scenario\\metric set will be used to help determine the most feasible and beneficial concepts. A set of 15 questions and issues, discussed below, pertaining to the scenario and metric set, and its use for assessing concepts, was submitted by the SEA sub-element for consideration during the breakout session. The questions were divided among the three breakout groups. Each breakout group deliberated on its set of questions and provided a report on its discussion.

Influence of edge conditions on material ejection from periodic grooves in laser shock-loaded tin

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rességuier, T. de; Roland, C.; Prudhomme, G.

2016-05-14

In a material subjected to high dynamic compression, the breakout of a shock wave at a rough free surface can lead to the ejection of high velocity debris. Anticipating the ballistic properties of such debris is a key safety issue in many applications involving shock loading, including pyrotechnics and inertial confinement fusion experiments. In this paper, we use laser driven shocks to investigate particle ejection from calibrated grooves of micrometric dimensions and approximately sinusoidal profile in tin samples, with various boundary conditions at the groove edges, including single groove and periodic patterns. Fast transverse shadowgraphy provides ejection velocities after shockmore » breakout. They are found to depend not only on the groove depth and wavelength, as predicted theoretically and already observed in the past, but also, unexpectedly, on the edge conditions, with a jet tip velocity significantly lower in the case of a single groove than behind a periodic pattern.« less

Illuminating Gravitational Waves

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kasliwal, Mansi; GROWTH (Global Relay of Observatories Watching Transients Happen) Team

2018-01-01

On August 17 2017, for the first time, an electromagnetic counterpart to gravitational waves was detected. Two neutron stars merged and lit up the entire electromagnetic spectrum, from gamma-rays to the radio. The infrared signature vividly demonstrates that neutron star mergers are indeed the long-sought production sites that forge heavy elements by r-process nucleosynthesis. The weak gamma-rays are dissimilar to classical short gamma-ray bursts with ultra-relativistic jets. Instead, by synthesizing a panchromatic dataset, we suggest that break-out of a wide-angle, mildly-relativistic cocoon engulfing the jet elegantly explains the low-luminosity gamma-rays, the high-luminosity ultraviolet-optical-infrared and the delayed radio/X-ray emission. I conclude with the promise of a literally bright and loud future, thanks to even more sensitive survey telescopes and gravitational wave interferometers.

The Role of Active Fractures on Borehole Breakout Development

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sahara, D.; Kohl, T.; Schoenball, M.; Müller, B.

2013-12-01

The properties of georeservoirs are strongly related to the stress field and their interpretation is a major target in geotechnical management. Borehole breakouts are direct indicators of the stress field as they develop due to the concentration of the highest compressional stress toward the minimum horizontal stress direction. However, the interaction with fractures might create local perturbations. Such weakened zones are often observed by localized anomalies of the borehole breakout orientation. We examined high-quality acoustic borehole televiewer (UBI) logs run in the entire granite sections at the deep well GPK4 at Soultz-sous-Forêts, France. The borehole is moderately inclined (15° - 35°) in its middle section. Detailed analysis of 1221 borehole elongation pairs in the vicinity of 1871 natural fractures observed in GPK4 well is used to infer the role of fractures on the borehole breakouts shape and orientation. Patterns of borehole breakout orientation in the vicinity of active fractures suggest that the wavelength of the borehole breakout orientation anomalies in this granite rock depend on the scale of the fracture while the rotation amplitude and direction is strongly influenced by the fracture orientation. In the upper and middle part of the well even a linear trend between fracture and breakout orientations could be established. In addition to the rotation, breakouts typically are found to be asymmetrically formed in zones of high fracture density. We find that major faults tend to create a systematic rotation of borehole breakout orientation with long spatial wavelength while abrupt changes are often observed around small fractures. The finding suggest that the borehole breakout heterogeneities are not merely governed by the principal stress heterogeneities, but that the effect of mechanical heterogeneities like elastic moduli changes, rock strength anisotropy and fracturing must be taken into account. Thus, one has to be careful to infer the principal stress orientation from borehole breakout data observed in fractured rock.

Scaling and volatility of breakouts and breakdowns in stock price dynamics.

PubMed

Liu, Lu; Wei, Jianrong; Huang, Jiping

2013-01-01

Because the movement of stock prices is not only ubiquitous in financial markets but also crucial for investors, extensive studies have been done to understand the law behind it. In particular, since the financial crisis in 2008, researchers have a more interest in investigating large market volatilities in order to grasp changing market trends. In this work, we analyze the breakouts and breakdowns of both the Standard & Poor's 500 Index in the US stock market and the Shanghai Composite Index in the Chinese stock market. The breakout usually represents an ongoing upward trend in technical analysis while the breakdown represents an ongoing downward trend. Based on the renormalization method, we introduce two parameters to quantize breakouts and breakdowns, respectively. We discover scaling behavior, characterized by power-law distributions for both the breakouts and breakdowns in the two financial markets with different power-law exponents, which reflect different market volatilities. In detail, the market volatility for breakdowns is usually larger than that for breakouts. Moreover, as an emerging market, the Chinese stock market has larger market volatilities for both the breakouts and breakdowns than the US stock market (a mature market). Further, the short-term volatilities show similar features for both the US stock market and the Chinese stock market. However, the medium-term volatilities in the US stock market are almost symmetrical for the breakouts and breakdowns, whereas those in the Chinese stock market appear to be asymmetrical for the breakouts and breakdowns. The methodology presented here provides a way to understand scaling and hence volatilities of breakouts and breakdowns in stock price dynamics. Our findings not only reveal the features of market volatilities but also make a comparison between mature and emerging financial markets.

Scaling and Volatility of Breakouts and Breakdowns in Stock Price Dynamics

PubMed Central

Liu, Lu; Wei, Jianrong; Huang, Jiping

2013-01-01

Background Because the movement of stock prices is not only ubiquitous in financial markets but also crucial for investors, extensive studies have been done to understand the law behind it. In particular, since the financial crisis in 2008, researchers have a more interest in investigating large market volatilities in order to grasp changing market trends. Methodology/Principal Findings In this work, we analyze the breakouts and breakdowns of both the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index in the US stock market and the Shanghai Composite Index in the Chinese stock market. The breakout usually represents an ongoing upward trend in technical analysis while the breakdown represents an ongoing downward trend. Based on the renormalization method, we introduce two parameters to quantize breakouts and breakdowns, respectively. We discover scaling behavior, characterized by power-law distributions for both the breakouts and breakdowns in the two financial markets with different power-law exponents, which reflect different market volatilities. In detail, the market volatility for breakdowns is usually larger than that for breakouts. Moreover, as an emerging market, the Chinese stock market has larger market volatilities for both the breakouts and breakdowns than the US stock market (a mature market). Further, the short-term volatilities show similar features for both the US stock market and the Chinese stock market. However, the medium-term volatilities in the US stock market are almost symmetrical for the breakouts and breakdowns, whereas those in the Chinese stock market appear to be asymmetrical for the breakouts and breakdowns. Conclusions/Signicance The methodology presented here provides a way to understand scaling and hence volatilities of breakouts and breakdowns in stock price dynamics. Our findings not only reveal the features of market volatilities but also make a comparison between mature and emerging financial markets. PMID:24376577

Evaluation of In-Situ Stress Assessment from Deep Borehole in the Middle Coastal Plain and Its implication for Taiwan Tectonics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yeh, E. C.; Li, W. C.; Chiang, T. C.; Lin, W.; Wang, T. T.; Yu, C. W.; Chiao, C. H.; Yang, M. W.

2014-12-01

Scientific study in deep boreholes has paid more attention as the demand of natural resources and waste disposal and risk evaluation of seismic hazard dramatically increases, such as petroleum exploitation, geothermal energy, carbon sequestration, nuclear waste disposal and seismogenic faulting. In the deep borehole geoengineering, knowledge of in-situ stress is essential for the design of drilling-casing plan. Understanding the relationship between fracture and in-situ stress is the key information to evaluate the potential of fracture seal/conduit and fracture reactivity. Also, assessment of in-situ stress can provide crucial information to investigate mechanism of earthquake faulting and stress variationfor earthquake cycles. Formations under the Coastal Plain in Taiwan have evaluated as saline-water formations with gently west-dipping and no distinct fractures endured by regional tectonics of arc-continental collision with N35W compression. The situation is characterized as a suitable place for carbon sequestration. In this study, we will integrate results from different in-situ stress determinations such as anelastic strain recovery (ASR), borehore breakout, hydraulic fracturing from a 3000m borehole of carbon sequestration testing site and further evaluate the seal feasibility and tectonic implication. Results of 30 ASR experiments between the depth of 1500m and 3000m showed the consistent normal faulting stress regime. Stress gradient of vertical stress, horizontal maximum stress and horizontal minimum stress with depth is estimated. Borehole breakout is not existed throughout 1500-3000m. The mean orientation of breakout is about 175deg and mean width of breakout is 84 deg. Based on rock mechanical data, maximum injection pressure of carbon sequestration can be evaulated. Furthermore, normal faulting stress regime is consistent with core observations and image logging, the horizontal maximum stress of 85deg inferred from breakout suggested that this place has been affected by the compression of oblique collision. The comparison of stress magnitudes estimated from ASR, breakout and hydraulic fracturing cab further verified current results.

DEFORMATION AND FRACTURE OF POORLY CONSOLIDATED MEDIA - Borehole Failure Mechanisms in High-Porosity Sandstone

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bezalel c. Haimson

2005-06-10

We investigated failure mechanisms around boreholes and the formation of borehole breakouts in high-porosity sandstone, with particular interest to grain-scale micromechanics of failure leading to the hitherto unrecognized fracture-like borehole breakouts and apparent compaction band formation in poorly consolidated granular materials. We also looked at a variety of drilling-related factors that contribute to the type, size and shape of borehole breakouts. The objective was to assess their effect on the ability to establish correlations between breakout geometry and in situ stress magnitudes, as well as on borehole stability prediction, and hydrocarbon/water extraction in general. We identified two classes of mediummore » to high porosity (12-30%) sandstones, arkosic, consisting of 50-70% quartz and 15 to 50% feldspar, and quartz-rich sandstones, in which quartz grain contents varied from 90 to 100%. In arkose sandstones critical far-field stress magnitudes induced compressive failure around boreholes in the form of V-shaped (dog-eared) breakouts, the result of dilatant intra-and trans-granular microcracking subparallel to both the maximum horizontal far-field stress and to the borehole wall. On the other hand, boreholes in quartz-rich sandstones failed by developing fracture-like breakouts. These are long and very narrow (several grain diameters) tabular failure zones perpendicular to the maximum stress. Evidence provided mainly by SEM observations suggests a failure process initiated by localized grain-bond loosening along the least horizontal far-field stress springline, the packing of these grains into a lower porosity compaction band resembling those discovered in Navajo and Aztec sandstones, and the emptying of the loosened grains by the circulating drilling fluid starting from the borehole wall. Although the immediate several grain layers at the breakout tip often contain some cracked or even crushed grains, the failure mechanism enabled by the formation of the compaction band is largely non-dilatant, a major departure from the dilatant mechanism observed in Tablerock sandstone. The experimental results suggest that unlike our previous assertion, the strength of grain bonding and the mineral composition, rather than the porosity, are major factors in the formation of compaction bands and the ensuing fracture-like breakouts. Some breakout dimensions in all rocks were correlatable to the far-field principal stresses, and could potentially be used (in conjunction with other information) as indicators of their magnitudes. However, we found that several factors can significantly influence breakout geometry. Larger boreholes and increased drilling-fluid flow rates produce longer fracture-like breakouts, suggesting that breakouts in field-scale wellbores could reach considerable lengths. On the other hand, increased drilling-fluid weight and increased drill-bit penetration rate resulted in a decrease in breakout length. These results indicate that breakout growth can be controlled to some degree by manipulating drilling variables. Realizing how drilling variables impact borehole breakout formation is important in understanding the process by which breakouts form and their potential use as indicators of the far-field in situ stress magnitudes and as sources of sand production. As our research indicates, the final breakout size and mechanism of formation can be a function of several variables and conditions, meaning there is still much to be understood about this phenomenon.« less

49 CFR 195.432 - Inspection of in-service breakout tanks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... low-pressure steel aboveground breakout tanks according to API Standard 653 (incorporated by reference... breakout tanks built to API Standard 2510 according to section 6 of API 510. (d) The intervals of...

49 CFR 195.432 - Inspection of in-service breakout tanks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... low-pressure steel aboveground breakout tanks according to API Standard 653 (incorporated by reference... breakout tanks built to API Standard 2510 according to section 6 of API 510. (d) The intervals of...

49 CFR 195.432 - Inspection of in-service breakout tanks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... low-pressure steel aboveground breakout tanks according to API Standard 653 (incorporated by reference... breakout tanks built to API Standard 2510 according to section 6 of API 510. (d) The intervals of...

49 CFR 195.432 - Inspection of in-service breakout tanks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... low-pressure steel aboveground breakout tanks according to API Standard 653 (incorporated by reference... breakout tanks built to API Standard 2510 according to section 6 of API 510. (d) The intervals of...

49 CFR 195.432 - Inspection of in-service breakout tanks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... low-pressure steel aboveground breakout tanks according to API Standard 653 (incorporated by reference... breakout tanks built to API Standard 2510 according to section 6 of API 510. (d) The intervals of...

Quantifying Changes in Los Angeles River Breakout Triggered by Sea Level Rise Using a Hydrodynamic Model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mallakpour, I.; Shakeri Majd, M.; AghaKouchak, A.; Moftakhari, H.; Sadegh, M.; Vahedifard, F.

2017-12-01

Sea Level Rise (SLR) has been identified as a global phenomenon that will challenge coastal communities and infrastructures through escalating risk of erosion and subsidence, as well as elevating storm surge heights. Overall, SLR not only increases frequency of future coastal flooding in low-land coastal areas, but also changes flow dynamics in rivers connected to oceans. Changes in flow dynamics (e.g., peaks, flow intensities) can elevate water surface profile locally, leading to river breakout and flooding. Quantifying river breakout provides invaluable information to local authorities when it comes to SLR mitigation and adaptation efforts. Los Angeles River (LAR) which is located in southern part of California is protected with levee systems. The focus of this study is about 18 miles of the river, starting from Pacific Ocean to Downtown Los Angeles, which protects residence and major infrastructures. We use the Hydrologic Engineering Center's River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) to simulate flow and its interactions with coastal water levels. HEC-RAS is capable of simulating flow in one- and two-dimensional systems, resolving Diffusive Wave Equation and Shallow Water Equation, respectively. In this study, the hydraulic model consists of one- and two-dimensional models connected through the LAR's levee system. This approach enables us to identify the onset of river breakout location alongside the LAR. The inflow data incorporated into the model obtained from a gage records and represents a significant event occurred in February 2005. This model utilizes a detail terrain model with 0.3 m LiDAR data. In order to explore effects of SLR associated with future climate changes on LAR and its levee system, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP of 4.5 and 8.5) are considered. Based on our RCPs, 24 projected SLRs are computed for future years (2030, 2050, and 2100) for three different quantiles. Our simulation results show SLR, which varies from 0.05 to 2.8 m, causes backwater at the mouth of the river, at Pacific Ocean. Consequently, flow velocities and depth changes in channel, which results in changes in onset and location of the river breakout. Our findings emphasize needs for incorporating effects of SLR in hydraulic models in order to support mitigation and adaption efforts.

Well bore breakouts and in situ stress

USGS Publications Warehouse

Zoback, Mark D.; Moos, Daniel; Mastin, Larry; Anderson, Roger N.

1985-01-01

The detailed cross-sectional shape of stress induced well bore breakouts has been studied using specially processed ultrasonic borehole televiewer data. Breakout shapes are shown for a variety of rock types and introduce a simple elastic failure model which explains many features of the observations. Both the observations and calculations indicate that the breakouts define relatively broad and flat curvilinear surfaces which enlarge the borehole in the direction of minimum horizontal compression. Refs.

75 FR 25867 - National Toxicology Program (NTP) Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-10

... validation studies. NICEATM and ICCVAM work collaboratively to evaluate new and improved test methods... for nomination of test methods for validation studies, and guidelines for submission of test methods... for human and veterinary vaccine post-licensing potency and safety testing. Plenary and breakout...

Acoustic-televiewer and acoustic-waveform logs used to characterize deeply buried basalt flows, Hanford site, Benton County, Washington

USGS Publications Warehouse

Paillet, Frederick L.

1985-01-01

Acoustic-waveform and acoustic-televiewer logs were obtained for a 400-meter interval of deeply buried basalt flows in three boreholes, and over shorter intervals in two additional boreholes located on the U.S. Department of Energy 's Hanford site in Benton County, Washington. Borehole-wall breakouts were observed in the unaltered interiors of a large part of individual basalt flows; however, several of the flows in one of the five boreholes had almost no breakouts. The distribution of breakouts observed on the televiewer logs correlated closely with the incidence of core disking in some intervals, but the correlation was not always perfect, perhaps because of the differences in the specific fracture mechanisms involved. Borehole-wall breakouts were consistently located on the east and west sides of the boreholes. The orientation is consistent with previous estimates of the principal horizontal-stress field in south-central Washington, if breakouts are assumed to form along the azimuth of the least principal stress. The distribution of breakouts repeatedly indicated an interval of breakout-free rock at the top and bottom of flows. Because breakouts frequently terminate at major low-angle fractures, the data indicate that fracturing may have relieved some of the horizontal stresses near flow tops and bottoms. Unaltered and unfractured basalt appeared to have a uniform compressional velocity of 6.0 + or - 0.1 km/sec and a uniform shear velocity of 3.35 + or - 0.1 km/sec throughout flow interiors. Acoustics-waveform logs also indicated that borehole-wall breakouts did not affect acoustic propagation along the borehole; so fracturing associated with the formation of breakouts appeared to be confined to a thin annulus of stress concentration around the borehole. Televiewer logs obtained before and after hydraulic fracturing in these boreholes indicated the extent of induced fractures, and also indicated minor changes to pre-existing fractures that may have been inflated during fracture generation. (USGS)

Detonation in TATB Hemispheres

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Druce, B; Souers, P C; Chow, C

2004-03-17

Streak camera breakout and Fabry-Perot interferometer data have been taken on the outer surface of 1.80 g/cm{sup 3} TATB hemispherical boosters initiated by slapper detonators at three temperatures. The slapper causes breakout to occur at 54{sup o} at ambient temperatures and 42{sup o} at -54 C, where the axis of rotation is 0{sup o}. The Fabry velocities may be associated with pressures, and these decrease for large timing delays in breakout seen at the colder temperatures. At room temperature, the Fabry pressures appear constant at all angles. Both fresh and decade-old explosive are tested and no difference is seen. Themore » problem has been modeled with reactive flow. Adjustment of the JWL for temperature makes little difference, but cooling to -54 C decreases the rate constant by 1/6th. The problem was run both at constant density and with density differences using two different codes. The ambient code results show that a density difference is probably there but it cannot be quantified.« less

Detecting the supernova breakout burst in terrestrial neutrino detectors

DOE PAGES

Wallace, Joshua; Burrows, Adam; Dolence, Joshua C.

2016-02-01

Here, we calculate the distance-dependent performance of a few representative terrestrial neutrino detectors in detecting and measuring the properties of the ν e breakout burst light curve in a Galactic core-collapse supernova. The breakout burst is a signature phenomenon of core collapse and offers a probe into the stellar core through collapse and bounce. We also examine cases of no neutrino oscillations and oscillations due to normal and inverted neutrino-mass hierarchies. For the normal hierarchy, other neutrino flavors emitted by the supernova overwhelm the νe signal, making a detection of the breakout burst difficult. Furthermore, for the inverted hierarchy (IH),more » some detectors at some distances should be able to see the ν e breakout burst peak and measure its properties. For the IH, the maximum luminosity of the breakout burst can be measured at 10 kpc to accuracies of ~30% for Hyper-Kamiokande (Hyper-K) and ~60% for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE). Super-Kamiokande (Super-K) and Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) lack the mass needed to make an accurate measurement. For the IH, the time of the maximum luminosity of the breakout burst can be measured in Hyper-K to an accuracy of ~3 ms at 7 kpc, in DUNE to ~2 ms at 4 kpc, and JUNO and Super-K can measure the time of maximum luminosity to an accuracy of ~2 ms at 1 kpc. Detector backgrounds in IceCube render a measurement of the νe breakout burst unlikely. For the IH, a measurement of the maximum luminosity of the breakout burst could be used to differentiate between nuclear equations of state.« less

Current Sheet Properties and Dynamics During Sympathetic Breakout Eruptions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lynch, B. J.; Edmondson, J. K.

2013-12-01

We present the continued analysis of the high-resolution 2.5D MHD simulations of sympathetic magnetic breakout eruptions from a pseudostreamer source region. We examine the generation of X- and O-type null points during the current sheet tearing and track the magnetic island formation and evolution during periods of reconnection. The magnetic breakout eruption scenario forms an overlying 'breakout' current sheet that evolves slowly and removes restraining flux from above the sheared field core that will eventually become the center of the erupting flux rope-like structure. The runaway expansion from the expansion-breakout reconnection positive feedback enables the formation of the second, vertical/radial current sheet underneath the rising sheared field core as in the standard CHSKP eruptive flare scenario. We will examine the flux transfer rates through the breakout and flare current sheets and compare the properties of the field and plasma inflows into the current sheets and the reconnection jet outflows into the flare loops and flux rope ejecta.

Why Do Some Estuaries Close: A Model of Estuary Entrance Morphodynamics.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

McSweeney, S. L.; Kennedy, D. M.; Rutherfurd, I.

2014-12-01

Intermittently Closed/Open Coastal Lakes/Lagoons (ICOLLs) are a form of wave-dominated, microtidal estuary that experience periodic closure in times of low river flow. ICOLL entrance morphodynamics are complex due to the interaction between wave, tidal and fluvial processes. Managers invest substantial funds to artificially open ICOLLs as they flood surrounding property and infrastructure, and have poor water quality. Existing studies examine broad scale processes but do not identify the main drivers of entrance condition. In this research, the changes in entrance geomorphology were surveyed before and after artificial entrance openings in three ICOLLs in Victoria, Australia. Changes in morphology were related to continuous measures of sediment volume, water level, tide and wave energy. A six-stage quantitative phase model of entrance geomorphology and hydrodynamics is presented to illustrate the spatio-temporal variability in ICOLL entrance morphodynamics. Phases include: breakout; channel expansion with rapid outflow; open with tidal exchange; initial berm rebuilding with tidal attenuation; partial berm recovery with rising water levels; closed with perched water levels. Entrance breakout initiates incision of a pilot channel to the ocean, whereby basin water levels then decline and channel expansion as the headcut migrates landwards. Peak outflow velocities of 5 m/s-3 were recorded and channel dimensions increased over 6 hrs to 3.5 m deep and 140 m wide. When tidal, a clear semi-diurnal signal is superimposed upon an otherwise stable water level. Deep-water wave energy was transferred 1.8 km upstream of the rivermouth with bores present in the basin. Berm rebuilding occurred by littoral drift and cross-shore transport once outflow ceased and microscale bedform features, particularly antidunes, contributed to sediment progradation. Phase duration is dependant on how high the estuary was perched above mean sea level, tidal prism extent, and onshore sediment supply. High offshore wave height and frequency, in addition to littoral drift magnitude, were main drivers of closure. This study presents a predictive model of entrance morphodynamics whereby managers can determine proximity to natural closure or opening, and as a result identify whether implementing an artificial opening is worthwhile.

Extreme Conditions Modeling Workshop Report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Coe, Ryan Geoffrey; Neary, Vincent Sinclair; Lawon, Michael J.

2014-07-01

Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) hosted the Wave Energy Converter (WEC) Extreme Conditions Modeling (ECM) Workshop in Albuquerque, New Mexico on May 13–14, 2014. The objective of the workshop was to review the current state of knowledge on how to numerically and experimentally model WECs in extreme conditions (e.g. large ocean storms) and to suggest how national laboratory resources could be used to improve ECM methods for the benefit of the wave energy industry. More than 30 U.S. and European WEC experts from industry, academia, and national research institutes attended the workshop, which consistedmore » of presentations from W EC developers, invited keynote presentations from subject matter experts, breakout sessions, and a final plenary session .« less

Relativistic shock breakout from a stellar wind

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Granot, Alon; Nakar, Ehud; Levinson, Amir

2018-06-01

We construct an analytic model for the breakout of a relativistic radiation mediated shock from a stellar wind, and exploit it to calculate the observational diagnostics of the breakout signal. The model accounts for photon escape through the finite optical depth wind, and treats the fraction of downstream photons escaping to infinity as an adiabatic parameter that evolves in a quasi-steady manner. It is shown that the shock is mediated by radiation even when a large fraction of the downstream photons escape, owing to self-generation and adjustment of opacity through accelerated pair creation. Relativistic breakout occurs at radii at which the total optical depth of the wind ahead of the shock is ˜(me/mp)Γsh, provided that the local shock Lorentz factor Γsh exceeds unity at this location. Otherwise the breakout occurs in the Newtonian regime. A relativistic breakout is expected in a highly energetic spherical explosion (1052-1053 erg) of a Wolf-Rayet star, or in cases where a smaller amount of energy (˜1051 erg) is deposited by a jet in the outer layers of the star. The properties of the emission observed in such explosions during the relativistic breakout are derived. We find that for typical parameters about 1048 ergs are radiated in the form of MeV gamma-rays over a duration that can range from a fraction of a second to an hour. Such a signal may be detectable out to 10-100 Mpc by current gamma-ray satellites.

On the existence of a luminosity threshold of GRB jets in massive stars

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aloy, M. A.; Cuesta-Martínez, C.; Obergaulinger, M.

2018-05-01

Motivated by the many associations of γ-ray bursts (GRBs) with energetic supernova (SN) explosions, we study the propagation of relativistic jets within the progenitor star in which a SN shock wave may be launched briefly before the jets start to propagate. Based on analytic considerations and verified with an extensive set of 2D axisymmetric relativistic hydrodynamic simulations, we have estimated a threshold intrinsic jet luminosity, L_j^thr, for successfully launching a jet. This threshold depends on the structure of the progenitor and, thus, it is sensitive to its mass and to its metallicity. For a prototype host of cosmological long GRBs, a low-metallicity star of 35 M⊙, it is L_j^thr˜eq 1.35× 10^{49} erg s-1. The observed equivalent isotropic γ-ray luminosity, L_{γ ,iso,BO} ˜eq 4 ɛ _γ L_j θ _BO^{-2}, crucially depends on the jet opening angle after breakout, θBO, and on the efficiency for converting the intrinsic jet luminosity into γ-radiation, ɛγ. Highly energetic jets can produce low-luminosity events if either their opening angle after the breakout is large, which is found in our models, or if the conversion efficiency of kinetic and internal energy into radiation is low enough. Beyond this theoretical analysis, we show how the presence of a SN shock wave may reduce this luminosity threshold by means of numerical simulations. We foresee that the high-energy transients released by jets produced near the luminosity threshold will be more similar to llGRBs or XRFs than to GRBs.

Similarities in basalt and rhyolite lava flow emplacement processes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Magnall, Nathan; James, Mike; Tuffen, Hugh; Vye-Brown, Charlotte

2016-04-01

Here we use field observations of rhyolite and basalt lava flows to show similarities in flow processes that span compositionally diverse lava flows. The eruption, and subsequent emplacement, of rhyolite lava flows is currently poorly understood due to the infrequency with which rhyolite eruptions occur. In contrast, the emplacement of basaltic lava flows are much better understood due to very frequent eruptions at locations such as Mt Etna and Hawaii. The 2011-2012 eruption of Cordón Caulle in Chile enabled the first scientific observations of the emplacement of an extensive rhyolite lava flow. The 30 to 100 m thick flow infilled a topographic depression with a negligible slope angle (0 - 7°). The flow split into two main channels; the southern flow advanced 4 km while the northern flow advanced 3 km before stalling. Once the flow stalled the channels inflated and secondary flows or breakouts formed from the flow front and margins. This cooling rather than volume-limited flow behaviour is common in basaltic lava flows but had never been observed in rhyolite lava flows. We draw on fieldwork conducted at Cordón Caulle and at Mt Etna to compare the emplacement of rhyolite and basaltic flows. The fieldwork identified emplacement features that are present in both lavas, such as inflation, breakouts from the flow font and margins, and squeeze-ups on the flow surfaces. In the case of Cordón Caulle, upon extrusion of a breakout it inflates due to a combination of continued lava supply and vesicle growth. This growth leads to fracturing and breakup of the breakout surface, and in some cases a large central fracture tens of metres deep forms. In contrast, breakouts from basaltic lava flows have a greater range of morphologies depending on the properties of the material in the flows core. In the case of Mt Etna, a range of breakout morphologies are observed including: toothpaste breakouts, flows topped with bladed lava as well as breakouts of pahoehoe or a'a lava. This range in breakout morphologies is in stark contrast to breakouts observed at Cordón Caulle. We also compare the cooled crusts that form on the surface of the flows; in basalts this is of order tens of centimetres thick, in rhyolite flows the crust is of order several metres thick (based on field observations and theoretical values). This surface crust may control the flow advance in the latter phases of the flow evolution, causing stalling of the flow front and subsequent breakout formation. The similarities in flow features between compositional end members hints at a more universal model for lava flow emplacement.

A Universal Model for Solar Eruptions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wyper, Peter; Antiochos, Spiro K.; DeVore, C. Richard

2017-08-01

We present a universal model for solar eruptions that encompasses coronal mass ejections (CMEs) at one end of the scale, to coronal jets at the other. The model is a natural extension of the Magnetic Breakout model for large-scale fast CMEs. Using high-resolution adaptive mesh MHD simulations conducted with the ARMS code, we show that so-called blowout or mini-filament coronal jets can be explained as one realisation of the breakout process. We also demonstrate the robustness of this “breakout-jet” model by studying three realisations in simulations with different ambient field inclinations. We conclude that magnetic breakout supports both large-scale fast CMEs and small-scale coronal jets, and by inference eruptions at scales in between. Thus, magnetic breakout provides a unified model for solar eruptions. P.F.W was supported in this work by an award of a RAS Fellowship and an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program. C.R.D and S.K.A were supported by NASA’s LWS TR&T and H-SR programs.

49 CFR 195.428 - Overpressure safety devices and overfill protection systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... months, but at least twice each calendar year, inspect and test each pressure limiting device, relief... reliability of operation for the service in which it is used. (b) In the case of relief valves on pressure breakout tanks containing highly volatile liquids, each operator shall test each valve at intervals not...

ISS-Lobster: A Proposed Wide-Field X-Ray Telescope on the International Space Station

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Camp, Jordan

2012-01-01

The Lobster wide-field imaging telescope combines simultaneous high FOV, high sensitivity and good position resolution. These characteristics can open the field of X-Ray time domain astronomy, which will study many interesting transient sources, including tidal disruptions of stars, supernova shock breakouts, and high redshift gamma-ray bursts. Also important will be its use for the X-ray follow-up of gravitational wave detections. I will describe our present effort to propose the Lobster concept for deployment on the International Space Station through a NASA Mission of Opportunity this fall.

MOST Observations of σ Ori E: Challenging the Centrifugal Breakout Narrative

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Townsend, R. H. D.; Rivinius, Th.; Rowe, J. F.; Moffat, A. F. J.; Matthews, J. M.; Bohlender, D.; Neiner, C.; Telting, J. H.; Guenther, D. B.; Kallinger, T.; Kuschnig, R.; Rucinski, S. M.; Sasselov, D.; Weiss, W. W.

2013-05-01

We present results from three weeks' photometric monitoring of the magnetic helium-strong star σ Ori E using the Microvariability and Oscillations of Stars microsatellite. The star's light curve is dominated by twice-per-rotation eclipse-like dimmings arising when magnetospheric clouds transit across and occult the stellar disk. However, no evidence is found for any abrupt centrifugal breakout of plasma from the magnetosphere, either in the residual flux or in the depths of the light minima. Motivated by this finding we compare the observationally inferred magnetospheric mass against that predicted by a breakout analysis. The large discrepancy between the values leads us to argue that centrifugal breakout does not play a significant role in establishing the magnetospheric mass budget of σ Ori E.

Structural Analysis of Silicic Lavas Reveals the Importance of Endogenous Flow During Emplacement

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Andrews, G. D.; Martens, A.; Isom, S.; Maxwell, A.; Brown, S. R.

2017-12-01

Recent observations of silicic lava flows in Chile strongly suggest sustained, endogeneous flow beneath an insulating carapace, where the flow advances through breakouts at the flow margin. New mapping of vertical exposures around the margin of Obsidian Dome, California, has identified discreet lobe structures in cross-section, suggesting that flow-front breakouts occured there during emplacement. The flow lobes are identified through structural measurements of flow-banding orientation and the stretching directions of vesicles. Newly acquired lidar of the Inyo Domes, including Obsidian Dome, is being analyzed to better understand the patterns of folding on the upper surface of the lavas, and to test for fold vergence patterns that may distinguish between endogenous and exogenous flow.

FLARE-GENERATED SHOCK WAVE PROPAGATION THROUGH SOLAR CORONAL ARCADE LOOPS AND AN ASSOCIATED TYPE II RADIO BURST

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kumar, Pankaj; Cho, Kyung-Suk; Innes, D. E., E-mail: pankaj@kasi.re.kr

2016-09-01

This paper presents multiwavelength observations of a flare-generated type II radio burst. The kinematics of the shock derived from the type II burst closely match a fast extreme ultraviolet (EUV) wave seen propagating through coronal arcade loops. The EUV wave was closely associated with an impulsive M1.0 flare without a related coronal mass ejection, and was triggered at one of the footpoints of the arcade loops in active region NOAA 12035. It was initially observed in the 335 Å images from the Atmospheric Image Assembly with a speed of ∼800 km s{sup −1} and it accelerated to ∼1490 km s{supmore » −1} after passing through the arcade loops. A fan–spine magnetic topology was revealed at the flare site. A small, confined filament eruption (∼340 km s{sup −1}) was also observed moving in the opposite direction to the EUV wave. We suggest that breakout reconnection in the fan–spine topology triggered the flare and associated EUV wave that propagated as a fast shock through the arcade loops.« less

Crustal Fracturing Field and Presence of Fluid as Revealed by Seismic Anisotropy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pastori, M.; Piccinini, D.; de Gori, P.; Margheriti, L.; Barchi, M. R.; di Bucci, D.

2010-12-01

In the last three years, we developed, tested and improved an automatic analysis code (Anisomat+) to calculate the shear wave splitting parameters, fast polarization direction (φ) and delay time (∂t). The code is a set of MatLab scripts able to retrieve crustal anisotropy parameters from three-component seismic recording of local earthquakes using horizontal component cross-correlation method. The analysis procedure consists in choosing an appropriate frequency range, that better highlights the signal containing the shear waves, and a length of time window on the seismogram centered on the S arrival (the temporal window contains at least one cycle of S wave). The code was compared to other two automatic analysis code (SPY and SHEBA) and tested on three Italian areas (Val d’Agri, Tiber Valley and L’Aquila surrounding) along the Apennine mountains. For each region we used the anisotropic parameters resulting from the automatic computation as a tool to determine the fracture field geometries connected with the active stress field. We compare the temporal variations of anisotropic parameters to the evolution of vp/vs ratio for the same seismicity. The anisotropic fast directions are used to define the active stress field (EDA model), finding a general consistence between fast direction and main stress indicators (focal mechanism and borehole break-out). The magnitude of delay time is used to define the fracture field intensity finding higher value in the volume where micro-seismicity occurs. Furthermore we studied temporal variations of anisotropic parameters and vp/vs ratio in order to explain if fluids play an important role in the earthquake generation process. The close association of anisotropic and vp/vs parameters variations and seismicity rate changes supports the hypothesis that the background seismicity is influenced by the fluctuation of pore fluid pressure in the rocks.

Mary, a Pipeline to Aid Discovery of Optical Transients

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Andreoni, I.; Jacobs, C.; Hegarty, S.; Pritchard, T.; Cooke, J.; Ryder, S.

2017-09-01

The ability to quickly detect transient sources in optical images and trigger multi-wavelength follow up is key for the discovery of fast transients. These include events rare and difficult to detect such as kilonovae, supernova shock breakout, and `orphan' Gamma-ray Burst afterglows. We present the Mary pipeline, a (mostly) automated tool to discover transients during high-cadenced observations with the Dark Energy Camera at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO). The observations are part of the `Deeper Wider Faster' programme, a multi-facility, multi-wavelength programme designed to discover fast transients, including counterparts to Fast Radio Bursts and gravitational waves. Our tests of the Mary pipeline on Dark Energy Camera images return a false positive rate of 2.2% and a missed fraction of 3.4% obtained in less than 2 min, which proves the pipeline to be suitable for rapid and high-quality transient searches. The pipeline can be adapted to search for transients in data obtained with imagers other than Dark Energy Camera.

A New Two-phase Flow Model Applied to the 2007 Crater Lake Break-out Lahar, Mt. Ruapehu, New Zealand

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sheridan, M. F.; Cordoba, G.; Pitman, E.; Cronin, S. J.; Procter, J.

2010-12-01

The 2007 Crater Lake break-out lahar, Mt. Ruapehu, New Zealand, is a complex but well-characterized natural debris flow that follows an intricate course over an array of topographic features (see Manville et al., this conference). Detailed digital terrain data (DEM) and accurate flow characterization allow us to test our computational model with an unusually high level of control for such a large natural flood wave. The new two-phase flow code is imbedded within the TITAN2D framework (Patra et al. 2005) that is widely used in hazard assessment for both dry (granular) and wet (debris flow) flows (Murcia et al., 2010). Because TITAN2D is actually valid for dry flows (avalanches) we developed a new two-phase model based on balance laws for mass and momentum for each phase. The granular material is assumed to obey a Coulomb constitutive relation and the fluid is assumed to be inviscid. The Darcy-Weisbach formulation is used to account for bed friction, and a phenomenological drag coefficient mediates the momentum exchange between phases. The resulting system of 6 partial differential equations are depth averaged and correspond to the Savage and Hutter model in the limit of no fluid, and to the typical shallow water solutions (Ortiz, et al., 2005) for pure water. This model is capable of simulating particle volumetric fractions as dilute as 0.001 and as concentrated as 0.55. To confirm the usefulness of the new code for complex flows we used data from four observation stations at Ruapehu located at runout distances of 2 km, 5 km, 7 km and 9 km. The specific flow data that we compare with the model outcomes include: 1) arrival time of the flood front, 2) maximum flood depth, and 3) flow velocity. The computed values for these flow characteristics are all within about ± 10% of the observed figures. References: Manville, V., et al., 2010, Anatomy of a basin break-out flood: The 2007 Crater Lake break-out lahar, Mt. Ruapehu, New Zealand, this conference. Murcia, H.F., Sheridan, M.F., Macías, J.L. and Cortés, G.P., 2010, TITAN2D simulations of pyroclastic flows at Cerro Machín Volcano, Colombia: Hazard implications, Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 29(2): 161-170. Patra, A.K., Bauer, A.C., Nichita, C., Pitman, E. B., Sheridan, M.F, and Bursik, M.I, Rupp, B., Weber, A., Stinton, A.J., Namikawa, L.M., and Renschler, C.S., 2005, Parallel adaptive simulation of dry avalanches over natural terrain. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 139(1-2):1-21. Ortiz, P., Shallow water problems. in Zienkiewicz, O.C., Taylor, R.L., and Nithiarasu, P., The finite element method for fluid dynamics, 2005, Elsevier, 6th Edition, 400 pp.

Development of the 1990 Kalapana Flow Field, Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii

USGS Publications Warehouse

Mattox, T.N.; Heliker, C.; Kauahikaua, J.; Hon, K.

1993-01-01

The 1990 Kalapana flow field is a complex patchwork of tube-fed pahoehoe flows erupted from the Kupaianaha vent at a low effusion rate (approximately 3.5 m3/s). These flows accumulated over an 11-month period on the coastal plain of Kilauea Volcano, where the pre-eruption slope angle was less than 2??. the composite field thickened by the addition of new flows to its surface, as well as by inflation of these flows and flows emplaced earlier. Two major flow types were identified during the development of the flow field: large primary flows and smaller breakouts that extruded from inflated primary flows. Primary flows advanced more quickly and covered new land at a much higher rate than breakouts. The cumulative area covered by breakouts exceeded that of primary flows, although breakouts frequently covered areas already buried by recent flows. Lava tubes established within primary flows were longer-lived than those formed within breakouts and were often reoccupied by lava after a brief hiatus in supply; tubes within breakouts were never reoccupied once the supply was interrupted. During intervals of steady supply from the vent, the daily areal coverage by lava in Kalapana was constant, whereas the forward advance of the flows was sporadic. This implies that planimetric area, rather than flow length, provides the best indicator of effusion rate for pahoehoe flow fields that form on lowangle slopes. ?? 1993 Springer-Verlag.

MOST OBSERVATIONS OF {sigma} Ori E: CHALLENGING THE CENTRIFUGAL BREAKOUT NARRATIVE

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Townsend, R. H. D.; Rivinius, Th.; Rowe, J. F.

2013-05-20

We present results from three weeks' photometric monitoring of the magnetic helium-strong star {sigma} Ori E using the Microvariability and Oscillations of Stars microsatellite. The star's light curve is dominated by twice-per-rotation eclipse-like dimmings arising when magnetospheric clouds transit across and occult the stellar disk. However, no evidence is found for any abrupt centrifugal breakout of plasma from the magnetosphere, either in the residual flux or in the depths of the light minima. Motivated by this finding we compare the observationally inferred magnetospheric mass against that predicted by a breakout analysis. The large discrepancy between the values leads us tomore » argue that centrifugal breakout does not play a significant role in establishing the magnetospheric mass budget of {sigma} Ori E.« less

INTEGRATING NEW TESTS OF SPERM GENETIC INTEGRITY INTO SEMEN ANALYSIS: BREAKOUT GROUP DISCUSSION

EPA Science Inventory

The First International Conference on Male-Mediated Developmental Toxicity, held in September 1992, reported that the spermatozoon can bring genetic damage into the oocyte at fertilization and thereby contribute to subsequent abnormal pregnancy outcomes. At that time, laboratory ...

Character and distribution of borehole breakouts and their relationship to in situ stresses in deep Columbia River Basalts ( Washington State, USA).

USGS Publications Warehouse

Paillet, Frederick L.; Kim, K.

1987-01-01

The character and distribution of borehole breakouts in deeply buried basalts at the Hanford Site in S central Washington State are examined in light of stress indicator data and hydraulic- fracturing stress data by means of acoustic televiewer and acoustic waveform logging systems. A series of boreholes penetrating the Grande Ronde Basalt of the Columbia River Basalt Group were logged to examine the extent of breakouts at depths near 1000 m. -from Authors

Understanding Acne: How to Banish Breakouts

MedlinePlus

... Issues Subscribe January 2010 Print this issue Understanding Acne How to Banish Breakouts Send us your comments ... Protect Your Skin from Sun Damage Wise Choices Acne Flare-ups The exact cause of acne is ...

Effects of Shock-Breakout Pressure on Ejection of Micron-Scale Material from Shocked Tin Surfaces

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zellner, Michael; Hammerberg, James; Hixson, Robert; Morley, Kevin; Obst, Andrew; Olson, Russell; Payton, Jeremy; Rigg, Paulo; Buttler, William; Grover, Michael; Iverson, Adam; Macrum, Gregory; Stevens, Gerald; Turley, William; Veeser, Lynn; Routley, Nathan

2007-06-01

Los Alamos National Lab (LANL) is actively engaged in the development of a model to predict the formation of micron-scale fragments ejected (ejecta) from shocked metal surfaces. The LANL ejecta model considers that the amount of ejecta is mainly related to the material's phase on shock release at the free-surface. This effort investigates the relation between ejecta production and shock-breakout pressure for Sn shocked with high explosives to pressures near the solid-on-release/partial-liquid-on-release phase transition region. We found that the amount of ejecta produced for shock-breakout pressures that resulted in partial-liquid-on-release increased significantly compared to that which resulted in solid-on-release. Additionally, we found that the amount of ejecta remained relatively constant within the partial-liquid-on-release, regardless of shock-breakout pressure.

Topological Evolution of a Fast Magnetic Breakout CME in 3-Dimensions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lynch, B. J.; Antiochos, S. K.; DeVore, C. R.; Luhmann, J. G.; Zurbuchen, T. H.

2008-01-01

W present the extension of the magnetic breakout model for CME initiation to a fully 3-dimensional, spherical geometry. Given the increased complexity of the dynamic magnetic field interactions in 3-dimensions, we first present a summary of the well known axisymmetric breakout scenario in terms of the topological evolution associated with the various phases of the eruptive process. In this context, we discuss the completely analogous topological evolution during the magnetic breakout CME initiation process in the simplest 3-dimensional multipolar system. We show that an extended bipolar active region embedded in an oppositely directed background dipole field has all the necessary topological features required for magnetic breakout, i.e. a fan separatrix surface between the two distinct flux systems, a pair of spine fieldlines, and a true 3-dimensional coronal null point at their intersection. We then present the results of a numerical MHD simulation of this 3-dimensional system where boundary shearing flows introduce free magnetic energy, eventually leading to a fast magnetic breakout CME. The eruptive flare reconnection facilitates the rapid conversion of this stored free magnetic energy into kinetic energy and the associated acceleration causes the erupting field and plasma structure to reach an asymptotic eruption velocity of greater than or approx. equal to 1100 km/s over an approx.15 minute time period. The simulation results are discussed using the topological insight developed to interpret the various phases of the eruption and the complex, dynamic, and interacting magnetic field structures.

Numeric spectral radiation hydrodynamic calculations of supernova shock breakouts

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sapir, Nir; Halbertal, Dorri

2014-12-01

We present here an efficient numerical scheme for solving the non-relativistic one-dimensional radiation-hydrodynamics equations including inelastic Compton scattering, which is not included in most codes and is crucial for solving problems such as shock breakout. The devised code is applied to the problems of a steady-state planar radiation mediated shock (RMS) and RMS breakout from a stellar envelope. The results are in agreement with those of a previous work on shock breakout, in which Compton equilibrium between matter and radiation was assumed and the 'effective photon' approximation was used to describe the radiation spectrum. In particular, we show that themore » luminosity and its temporal dependence, the peak temperature at breakout, and the universal shape of the spectral fluence derived in this earlier work are all accurate. Although there is a discrepancy between the spectral calculations and the effective photon approximation due to the inaccuracy of the effective photon approximation estimate of the effective photon production rate, which grows with lower densities and higher velocities, the difference in peak temperature reaches only 30% for the most discrepant cases of fast shocks in blue supergiants. The presented model is exemplified by calculations for supernova 1987A, showing the detailed evolution of the burst spectrum. The incompatibility of the stellar envelope shock breakout model results with observed properties of X-ray flashes (XRFs) and the discrepancy between the predicted and observed rates of XRFs remain unexplained.« less

True Triaxial Failure of Granite: Implications for Deep Borehole Waste Disposal

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Williams, M.; Ingraham, M. D.; Cheung, C.; Haimson, B. C.

2016-12-01

A series of tests have been completed to determine the failure of Sierra White Granite under a range of true triaxial stress conditions ranging from axisymmetric compression to axisymmetric extension. Tests were performed under constant mean stress conditions. Results show a significant difference in failure due to the intermediate principal stress. Borehole breakout, a significant issue for deep borehole disposal, occurs in line with the least principal stress, which in the United States at great depth is almost certainly a horizontal stress. This means that any attempt to dispose of waste in deep boreholes will have to overcome this phenomenon. This work seeks to determine the full 3D failure surface for granite such that it can be applied to determining the likelihood of borehole breakout occurring under different stress conditions. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000.

Black Hole Formation and Fallback during the Supernova Explosion of a 40 M ⊙ Star

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chan, Conrad; Müller, Bernhard; Heger, Alexander; Pakmor, Rüdiger; Springel, Volker

2018-01-01

Fallback in core-collapse supernovae is considered a major ingredient for explaining abundance anomalies in metal-poor stars and the natal kicks and spins of black holes (BHs). We present a first 3D simulation of BH formation and fallback in an “aborted” neutrino-driven explosion of a 40 solar mass zero-metallicity progenitor from collapse to shock breakout. We follow the phase up to BH formation using the relativistic COCONUT-FMT code. For the subsequent evolution to shock breakout we apply the moving-mesh code AREPO to core-collapse supernovae for the first time. Our simulation shows that despite early BH formation, neutrino-heated bubbles can survive for tens of seconds before being accreted, leaving them sufficient time to transfer part of their energy to sustain the shock wave as is propagates through the envelope. Although the initial net energy (∼2 Bethe) of the neutrino-heated ejecta barely equals the binding energy of the envelope, 11 {M}ȯ of hydrogen are still expelled with an energy of 0.23 Bethe. We find no significant mixing and only a modest BH kick and spin, but speculate that stronger effects could occur for slightly more energetic explosions or progenitors with less tightly bound envelopes.

ACHP | News | Native Hawaiian Federal Interagency Working Group Created

Science.gov Websites

Cultural Resources breakout session on Dec. 2 and as a panelist for the same breakout session on Dec. 3 roundtable discussion with tribal leaders about their concerns regarding cultural preservation issues in

Plaintiff or defendant: using legal cases to teach students pharmacy law.

PubMed

Spies, Alan R

2008-10-15

To demonstrate the value of students using actual legal cases during collaborative "breakout" sessions in a pharmacy law class. Students were broken into smaller groups and randomly assigned a legal case to arbitrate or defend. One week prior to the groups' presentation, all students were given the facts of a case that was reflective of issues covered during the lecture component of the course. Formative assessments were utilized in addition to an overall breakout satisfaction survey administered at the end of the course. Overall, students felt the breakout sessions enhanced their learning environment and reinforced material covered during the didactic portion of the course. Students also recommended the breakout sessions for future pharmacy law courses. Dividing a large pharmacy law class into 2 sections of 12 groups each and conducting mock trials resulted in increased student participation and interaction and deeper understanding of the course content.

Imaging a Magnetic-breakout Solar Eruption

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Yao; Du, Guohui; Zhao, Di; Wu, Zhao; Liu, Wei; Wang, Bing; Ruan, Guiping; Feng, Shiwei; Song, Hongqiang

2016-04-01

The fundamental mechanism initiating coronal mass ejections (CMEs) remains controversial. One of the leading theories is magnetic breakout, in which magnetic reconnection occurring high in the corona removes the confinement on an energized low-corona structure from the overlying magnetic field, thus allowing it to erupt. Here, we report critical observational evidence of this elusive breakout reconnection in a multi-polar magnetic configuration that leads to a CME and an X-class, long-duration flare. Its occurrence is supported by the presence of pairs of heated cusp-shaped loops around an X-type null point and signatures of reconnection inflows. Other peculiar features new to the breakout picture include sequential loop brightening, coronal hard X-rays at energies up to ˜100 keV, and extended high-corona X-rays above the later restored multi-polar structure. These observations, from a novel perspective with clarity never achieved before, present crucial clues to understanding the initiation mechanism of solar eruptions.

Laser-driven shock compression of gold foam in the terapascal pressure range

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Wei; Duan, Xiaoxi; Jiang, Shaoen; Wang, Zhebin; Sun, Liang; Liu, Hao; Yang, Weiming; Zhang, Huan; Ye, Qing; Wang, Peng; Li, Yulong; Yi, Lin; Dong, Suo

2018-06-01

Shock compression experiments are carried out on gold foam with an initial density of 3.2 g/cm3 through indirectly laser-driven shock waves at the SG-III prototype laser facility. The impedance-matching technique is applied to determine the equation-of-state (EOS) data of the shocked gold foam. A passive shock breakout diagnostic system is employed to obtain the shock velocities in both the standard material and gold foam. The gold foams are compressed to a maximum density of 20 g/cm3 under a shock pressure of about 2 TPa. The effects of the unsteadiness of shock waves on the EOS measurement are quantitatively analyzed and corrected. The correction of unsteady waves, as well as the good planarity of the shock waves and the low preheating of the gold foam, contributes high-confidence EOS data for the gold foam. The corrected experimental data are compared with the Hugoniot states from the SESAME library. The comparison suggests that the database is suitable for describing the states of gold foam with an initial density of 3.2 g/cm3 under a pressure of about 2 TPa.

A cocoon shock breakout as the origin of the γ-ray emission in GW170817

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gottlieb, Ore; Nakar, Ehud; Piran, Tsvi; Hotokezaka, Kenta

2018-06-01

The short Gamma-Ray Burst, GRB170817A, that followed the binary neutron star merger gravitational waves signal, GW170817, is not a usual sGRB. It is weaker by three orders of magnitude than the weakest sGRB seen before and its spectra, showing a hard early signal followed by a softer thermal spectrum, is unique. We show, first, that the γ-rays must have emerged from at least mildly relativistic outflow, implying that a relativistic jet was launched following the merger. We then show that the observations are consistent with the predictions of a mildly relativistic shock breakout: a minute γ-ray energy as compared with the total energy and a rather smooth light curve with a hard to soft evolution. We present here a novel analytic study and detailed numerical 2D and 3D relativistic hydrodynamic and radiation simulations that support the picture in which the observed γ-rays arose from a shock breakout of a cocoon from the merger's ejecta (Kasliwal et al. 2017). The cocoon can be formed by either a choked jet which does not generate a sGRB (in any direction) or by a successful jet which generates an undetected regular sGRB along the system's axis pointing away from us. Remarkably, for the choked jet model, the macronova signal produced by the ejecta (which is partially boosted to high velocities by the cocoon's shock) and the radio that is produced by the interaction of the shocked cocoon material with the surrounding matter, agree with the observed UV/optical/IR emission and with current radio observations. Finally, we discuss the possibility that the jet propagation within the ejecta may photodissociate some of of the heavy elements and may affect the composition of a fraction of ejecta and, in turn, the opacity and the early macronova light.

Perception Measurement in Clinical Trials of Schizophrenia: Promising Paradigms From CNTRICS

PubMed Central

Green, Michael F.; Butler, Pamela D.; Chen, Yue; Geyer, Mark A.; Silverstein, Steven; Wynn, Jonathan K.; Yoon, Jong H.; Zemon, Vance

2009-01-01

The third meeting of the Cognitive Neuroscience Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (CNTRICS) focused on selecting promising measures for each of the cognitive constructs selected in the first CNTRICS meeting. In the domain of perception, the 2 constructs of interest were gain control and visual integration. CNTRICS received 5 task nominations for gain control and three task nominations for visual integration. The breakout group for perception evaluated the degree to which each of these tasks met prespecified criteria. For gain control, the breakout group for perception believed that 2 of the tasks (prepulse inhibition of startle and mismatch negativity) were already mature and in the process of being incorporated into multisite clinical trials. However, the breakout group recommended that steady-state visual-evoked potentials be combined with contrast sensitivity to magnocellular vs parvocellular biased stimuli and that this combined task and the contrast-contrast effect task be recommended for translation for use in clinical trial contexts in schizophrenia research. For visual integration, the breakout group recommended the Contour Integration and Coherent Motion tasks for translation for use in clinical trials. This manuscript describes the ways in which each of these tasks met the criteria used by the breakout group to evaluate and recommend tasks for further development. PMID:19023123

Landfast Sea Ice Breakouts: Stabilizing Ice Features, Oceanic and Atmospheric Forcing at Barrow, Alaska

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jones, J.; Eicken, H.; Mahoney, A. R.; MV, R.; Kambhamettu, C.; Fukamachi, Y.; Ohshima, K. I.; George, C.

2016-12-01

Landfast sea ice is an important seasonal feature along most Arctic coastlines, such as that of the Chukchi Sea near Barrow, Alaska. Its stability throughout the ice season is determined by many factors but grounded pressure ridges are the primary stabilizing component. Landfast ice breakouts occur when these grounded ridges fail or unground, and previously stationary ice detaches from the coast and drifts away. Using ground-based radar imagery from a coastal ice and ocean observatory at Barrow, we have developed a method to estimate the extent of grounded ridges by tracking ice motion and deformation over the course of winter and have derived ice keel depth and potential for grounding from cumulative convergent ice motion. Estimates of landfast ice grounding strength have been compared to the atmospheric and oceanic stresses acting on the landfast ice before and during breakout events to determine prevailing causes for the failure of stabilizing features. Applying this approach to two case studies in 2008 and 2010, we conclude that a combination of atmospheric and oceanic stresses may have caused the breakouts analyzed in this study, with the latter as the dominant force. Preconditioning (as weakening) of grounded ridges by sea level variations may facilitate failure of the ice sheet leading to breakout events.

Landfast sea ice breakouts: Stabilizing ice features, oceanic and atmospheric forcing at Barrow, Alaska

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jones, Joshua; Eicken, Hajo; Mahoney, Andrew; MV, Rohith; Kambhamettu, Chandra; Fukamachi, Yasushi; Ohshima, Kay I.; George, J. Craig

2016-09-01

Landfast sea ice is an important seasonal feature along most Arctic coastlines, such as that of the Chukchi Sea near Barrow, Alaska. Its stability throughout the ice season is determined by many factors but grounded pressure ridges are the primary stabilizing component. Landfast ice breakouts occur when these grounded ridges fail or unground, and previously stationary ice detaches from the coast and drifts away. Using ground-based radar imagery from a coastal ice and ocean observatory at Barrow, we have developed a method to estimate the extent of grounded ridges by tracking ice motion and deformation over the course of winter and have derived ice keel depth and potential for grounding from cumulative convergent ice motion. Estimates of landfast ice grounding strength have been compared to the atmospheric and oceanic stresses acting on the landfast ice before and during breakout events to determine prevailing causes for the failure of stabilizing features. Applying this approach to two case studies in 2008 and 2010, we conclude that a combination of atmospheric and oceanic stresses may have caused the breakouts analyzed in this study, with the latter as the dominant force. Preconditioning (as weakening) of grounded ridges by sea level variations may facilitate failure of the ice sheet leading to breakout events.

Prediction of Compressional Wave Velocity Using Regression and Neural Network Modeling and Estimation of Stress Orientation in Bokaro Coalfield, India

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Paul, Suman; Ali, Muhammad; Chatterjee, Rima

2018-01-01

Velocity of compressional wave ( V P) of coal and non-coal lithology is predicted from five wells from the Bokaro coalfield (CF), India. Shear sonic travel time logs are not recorded for all wells under the study area. Shear wave velocity ( Vs) is available only for two wells: one from east and other from west Bokaro CF. The major lithologies of this CF are dominated by coal, shaly coal of Barakar formation. This paper focuses on the (a) relationship between Vp and Vs, (b) prediction of Vp using regression and neural network modeling and (c) estimation of maximum horizontal stress from image log. Coal characterizes with low acoustic impedance (AI) as compared to the overlying and underlying strata. The cross-plot between AI and Vp/ Vs is able to identify coal, shaly coal, shale and sandstone from wells in Bokaro CF. The relationship between Vp and Vs is obtained with excellent goodness of fit ( R 2) ranging from 0.90 to 0.93. Linear multiple regression and multi-layered feed-forward neural network (MLFN) models are developed for prediction Vp from two wells using four input log parameters: gamma ray, resistivity, bulk density and neutron porosity. Regression model predicted Vp shows poor fit (from R 2 = 0.28) to good fit ( R 2 = 0.79) with the observed velocity. MLFN model predicted Vp indicates satisfactory to good R2 values varying from 0.62 to 0.92 with the observed velocity. Maximum horizontal stress orientation from a well at west Bokaro CF is studied from Formation Micro-Imager (FMI) log. Breakouts and drilling-induced fractures (DIFs) are identified from the FMI log. Breakout length of 4.5 m is oriented towards N60°W whereas the orientation of DIFs for a cumulative length of 26.5 m is varying from N15°E to N35°E. The mean maximum horizontal stress in this CF is towards N28°E.

Evaluation of the break-out square post breakaway system.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-02-01

Determine the effectiveness of the Break-Out Square (BOS) Post coupler as a : possible alternative to other breakaway devices. This product is designed to (upon : impact) break flush with grade with no damage apparent to base or anchor and offer a : ...

Eruption of a Multiple-Turn Helical Magnetic Flux Tube in a Large Flare: Evidence for External and Internal Reconnection that Fits the Breakout Model of Solar Magnetic Eruptions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gary, G. Allen; Moore, R. L.

2003-01-01

We present observations and an interpretation of a unique multiple-turn spiral flux tube eruption from AR10030 on 2002 July 15. The TRACE CIV observations clearly show a flux tube that is helical and that is erupting from within a sheared magnetic field. These observations are interpreted in the context of the breakout model for magnetic field explosions. The initiation of the helix eruption starts 25 seconds after the peak of the flare s strongest impulsive spike of microwave gryosynchrotron radiation early in the flare s explosive phase, implying that the sheared core field is not the site of the initial reconnection. Within the quadrupolar configuration of the active region, the external and internal reconnection sites are identified in each of two consecutive eruptive flares that produce a double CME. The first external breakout reconnection apparently releases an underlying sheared core field and allows it to erupt, leading to internal reconnection in the wake of the erupting helix. This internal reconnection heats the two-ribbon flare and might or might not produce the helix. These events lead to the first CME and are followed by a second breakout that initiates a second and larger halo CME. The strong magnetic shear in the region is associated with rapid proper motion and evolution of the active region. The multiple-turn helix originates from above a sheared-field magnetic inversion line within a filament channel, and starts to erupt only after fast breakout reconnection has started. These observations are counter to the standard flare model and support the breakout model for eruptive flare initiation. However, the observations are compatible with internal reconnection in a sheared magnetic arcade in the formation and eruption of the helix.

Eruption of a Multiple-Turn Helical Magnetic Flux Tube in a Large Flare: Evidence for External and Internal Reconnection that Fits the Breakout Model of Solar Magnetic Eruptions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gary, G. Allen; Moore, R. L.

2004-01-01

We present observations and an interpretation of a unique multiple-turn spiral flux tube eruption from active region 10030 on 2002 July 15. The TRACE C IV observations clearly show a flux tube that is helical and erupting from within a sheared magnetic field. These observations are interpreted in the context of the breakout model for magnetic field explosions. The initiation of the helix eruption. as determined by a linear backward extrapolation, starts 25 s after the peak of the flare's strongest impulsive spike of microwave gyrosynchrotron radiation early in the flare s explosive phase, implying that the sheared core field is not the site of the initial reconnection. Within the quadrupolar configuration of the active region, the external and internal reconnection sites are identified in each of two consecutive eruptive flares that produce a double coronal mass ejection (CME). The first external breakout reconnection apparently releases an underlying sheared core field and allows it to erupt, leading to internal reconnection in the wake of the erupting helix. This internal reconnection releases the helix and heats the two-ribbon flare. These events lead to the first CME and are followed by a second breakout that initiates a second and larger halo CME. The strong magnetic shear in the region is compatible with the observed rapid proper motion and evolution of the active region. The multiple-turn helix originates from above a sheared-field magnetic inversion line within a filament channel. and starts to erupt only after fast breakout reconnection has started. These observations are counter to the standard flare model and support the breakout model for eruptive flare initiation.

Evidence for the Magnetic Breakout Model in AN Equatorial Coronal-Hole Jet

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kumar, P.; Karpen, J.; Antiochos, S. K.; Wyper, P. F.; DeVore, C. R.; DeForest, C. E.

2017-12-01

We analyzed an equatorial coronal-hole jet observed by Solar Dynamic Observatory (SDO)/AtmosphericImaging Assembly (AIA). The source-region magnetic field structure is consistent withthe embedded-bipole topology that we identified and modeled previously as a source of coronal jets. Theinitial brightening was observed below a sigmoid structure about 25 min before the onset of an untwisting jet.A circular magnetic flux rope with a mini-filament rose slowly at the speed of ˜15 km/s , then accelerated(˜126 km/s) during the onset of explosive breakout reconnection. Multiple plasmoids, propagating upward(˜135 km/s) and downward (˜55 km/s ), were detected behind the rising flux rope shortly before andduring explosive breakout reconnection. The jet was triggered when the rising flux rope interacted with theoverlying magnetic structures near the outer spine. This event shows a clear evidence of reconnection not onlybelow the flux rope but also a breakout reconnection above the flux rope. During the breakout reconnection,we observed heating of the flux rope, deflection of loops near the spine, and formation of multiple ribbons.The explosive breakout reconnection destroyed the flux rope that produced an untwisting jet with a speed of˜380 km/s . HMI magnetograms reveal the shear motion at theeruption site, but do not show any significant flux emergence or cancellation during or 2 hours before theeruption. Therefore, the free energy powering this jet most likely originated in magnetic shear concentratedat the polarity inversion line within the embedded bipole-a mini-filament channel-possibly created by helicitycondensation. The result of of a statistical study of multiple jets will also be discussed.

Elastic anisotropy and borehole stress estimation in the Seve Nappe Complex from the COSC-1 well, Åre, Sweden.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wenning, Quinn; Almquist, Bjarne; Ask, Maria; Schmitt, Douglas R.; Zappone, Alba

2015-04-01

The Caledonian orogeny, preserved in Scandinavia and Greenland, began with the closure of the Iapetus Ocean and culminated in the collision of Baltica and Laurentia cratons during the middle Paleozoic. The COSC scientific drilling project aims at understanding the crustal structure and composition of the Scandinavian Caledonides. The first well of the dual phase drilling program, completed in Summer of 2014, drilled through ~2.5 km of the Seve Nappe Complex near the town of Åre, Sweden. Newly acquired drill core and borehole logs provide fresh core material for physical rock property measurements and in-situ stress determination. This contribution presents preliminary data on compressional and shear wave ultrasonic velocities (Vp, Vs) determined from laboratory measurements on drill cores, together with in-situ stress orientation analysis using image logs from the first borehole of the Collisional Orogeny in the Scandinavian Caledonides project (COSC-1). An hydrostatically oil pressurized apparatus is used to test the ultrasonic Vp and Vs on three orthogonally cut samples of amphibolite, calcium bearing and felsic gneiss, meta-gabbro, and mylonitic schist from drill core. We measure directional anisotropy variability for each lithology using one sample cut perpendicular to the foliation and two additional plugs cut parallel to the foliation with one parallel to the lineation and the other perpendicular. Measurements are performed using the pulse transmission technique on samples subjected to hydrostatic pressure from 1-350 MPa at dry conditions. We present preliminary results relating Vp and Vs anisotropy to geologic units and degree of deformation. Additionally, we use acoustic borehole televiewer logs to estimate the horizontal stress orientation making use of well developed techniques for observed borehole breakouts (compressive failure) and drilling induced fractures (tensile failure). Preliminary observations show that very few drilling-induced tensile fractures are produced, and that borehole breakouts are episodic and suggests a NE-SW minimum horizontal stress direction

Reset and Healing Break-Out Session Summary. Warfighter Nutrition: Advanced Technologies and Opportunities

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-07-16

homocysteine, and perhaps CRP and Zn. This could be accomplished in a very short time frame. Develop and test a ketogenic diet (which includes omega-3...fatty acids) for critically ill and / TBA patients whose diet is completely controlled. Needed Research: Recommendations Trauma recovery study in a

Utilizing Technology for FCS Education: Selecting Appropriate Interactive Webinar Software

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zoumenou, Virginie; Sigman-Grant, Madeleine; Coleman, Gayle; Malekian, Fatemeh; Zee, Julia M. K.; Fountain, Brent J.; Marsh, Akela

2015-01-01

The purpose of this research was to identify commonly used interactive webinar software platforms and to conduct a testing session on best practices related to an interactive webinar. The study employed the Adobe Connect and the Maestro Conference platforms. The 15 participants experienced five best practices: pre-work, polling, breakout room,…

Proposed MIL Standard and Handbook - Flying Qualities of Air Vehicles. Volume I. Proposed MIL Standard

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-11-01

control 4centering and breakout forces 21 3.2.9.6 Pitch axis control forces- free play 21 3.2.9.7 Pitch axis control force limits 21 3.2.9.7.1 Pitch axis...axis control forces - control centering and breakout forces 31 *3.5.10.5 Roll axis control forces -- free play 31 3.5.10.6 Roll axis control force limits...vs. deflection 3.2.9.5 Control centering and -- no(-) to homin and hOax breakout forces no(*) 3.2.9.6 Free play I 3.2.9.7.1 Force limits -- takeoff

Head-up transition behavior of pilots during simulated low-visibility approaches

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Haines, R. F.

1980-01-01

Each of 13 commercial pilots from four airlines flew a total of 108 manual flight director approaches in a moving base simulation of a medium-sized turbojet (95,000 lb gross weight) which had a day and night Redifon external scene. Three levels of runway visual range (RVR) (1,600; 2,400; and greater than 8,000 ft), three wind-shear profiles, nine ceiling heights, and continuous and intermittent visibility after initial breakout were tested. The results indicated that: (1) mean decision time ranged from 2 to 4.6 sec for ceilings under 380 ft across the three RVR conditions; (2) mean vertical distance traveled during the visual-cue assessment period was a relatively constant proportion below the existing ceiling; (3) a significant three way interaction in mean decision time between wind shear, day-night, and ceiling RVR variables occurred; (4) mean number of head-up transitions to VFR conditions after breakout ranged from 4.6 to 13.4 and increased as a function of ceiling and severity of wind shear; the typical duration of fixation out the window was 1.5 sec; and (5) subjective pilot ratings of controllability and precision of control as well as amount of skill, attention, or effort required to make the landing were influenced significantly by the wind shear, night conditions, and low breakout ceiling conditions.

SN 2008D: A WOLF-RAYET EXPLOSION THROUGH A THICK WIND

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Svirski, Gilad; Nakar, Ehud

Supernova (SN) 2008D/XRT 080109 is considered to be the only direct detection of a shock breakout from a regular SN to date. While a breakout interpretation was favored by several papers, inconsistencies remain between the observations and current SN shock breakout theory. Most notably, the duration of the luminous X-ray pulse is considerably longer than expected for a spherical breakout through the surface of a type Ibc SN progenitor, and the X-ray radiation features, mainly its flat spectrum and its luminosity evolution, are enigmatic. We apply a recently developed theoretical model for the observed radiation from a Wolf-Rayet SN explodingmore » through a thick wind and show that it naturally explains all of the observed features of SN 2008D X-ray emission, including the energetics, the spectrum, and the detailed luminosity evolution. We find that the inferred progenitor and SN parameters are typical for an exploding Wolf-Rayet. A comparison of the wind density found at the breakout radius and the density at much larger radii, as inferred by late radio observations, suggests an enhanced mass-loss rate taking effect about 10 days prior to the SN explosion. This finding joins accumulating evidence for a possible late phase in the stellar evolution of massive stars, involving vigorous mass loss a short time before the SN explosion.« less

Summary of southeastern group breakout sessions

Treesearch

Bob Ford; Charles P. Nicholson

1993-01-01

The breakout sessions held by the southeastern representatives at the Partners In Flight meeting in Colorado were extremely well attended Most states were represented, as well as several federal agencies (including USFS, USFWS, TVA, EPA), and non-government organizations. Two sessions were held, one to discuss a strategy of management by...

Nike Experiment to Observe Strong Areal Mass Oscillations in a Rippled Target Hit by a Short Laser Pulse

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aglitskiy, Y.; Karasik, M.; Velikovich, A. L.; Serlin, V.; Weaver, J. L.; Kessler, T. J.; Schmitt, A. J.; Obenschain, S. P.; Metzler, N.; Oh, J.

2010-11-01

When a short (sub-ns) laser pulse deposits finite energy in a target, the shock wave launched into it is immediately followed by a rarefaction wave. If the irradiated surface is rippled, theory and simulations predict strong oscillations of the areal mass perturbation amplitude in the target [A. L. Velikovich et al., Phys. Plasmas 10, 3270 (2003).] The first experiment designed to observe this effect has become possible by adding short-driving-pulse capability to the Nike laser, and has been scheduled for the fall of 2010. Simulations show that while the driving pulse of 0.3 ns is on, the areal mass perturbation amplitude grows by a factor ˜2 due to ablative Richtmyer-Meshkov instability. It then decreases, reverses phase, and reaches another maximum, also about twice its initial value, shortly after the shock breakout at the rear target surface. This signature behavior is observable with the monochromatic x-ray imaging diagnostics fielded on Nike.

40 CFR 63.11089 - What requirements must I meet for equipment leak inspections if my facility is a bulk gasoline...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Source Category: Gasoline Distribution Bulk Terminals, Bulk Plants, and Pipeline Facilities Emission... equipment leak inspections if my facility is a bulk gasoline terminal, bulk plant, pipeline breakout station... if my facility is a bulk gasoline terminal, bulk plant, pipeline breakout station, or pipeline...

78 FR 6400 - Twenty Third Meeting: RTCA Special Committee 203, Unmanned Aircraft Systems

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-30

..., Washington, DC 20036, or by telephone at (202) 833- 9339, fax at (202) 833-9434, or Web site at http://www...-Morning/Afternoon Workgroup Breakout Sessions System Engineering Workgroup Human Factors Subgroup C&C... Breakout Sessions System Engineering Workgroup C&C Workgroup S&A Workgroup Safety Workgroup Friday...

48 CFR 19.403 - Small Business Administration breakout procurement center representatives.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... appropriate use of full and open competition, and (2) the breakout of items, when appropriate and while... than full and open competition and make recommendations with respect to such requirements to the... arising out of restrictions on the rights of the United States in technical data and, when appropriate...

KEY ISSUES FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF THE ALLERGENIC POTENTIAL OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOODS: BREAKOUT GROUP REPORTS

EPA Science Inventory

Abstract
On the final afternoon of the Workshop, Assessment of the Allergenic Potential of Genetically Modified Foods, speakers and participants met in breakout groups to discuss specific questions in the areas of 1) Use of Human Clinical Data; 2) Animal Models to Assess Food ...

48 CFR 19.403 - Small Business Administration breakout procurement center representatives.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... appropriate use of full and open competition, and (2) the breakout of items, when appropriate and while... than full and open competition and make recommendations with respect to such requirements to the... arising out of restrictions on the rights of the United States in technical data and, when appropriate...

48 CFR 19.403 - Small Business Administration breakout procurement center representatives.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... appropriate use of full and open competition, and (2) the breakout of items, when appropriate and while... than full and open competition and make recommendations with respect to such requirements to the... arising out of restrictions on the rights of the United States in technical data and, when appropriate...

The +vbar breakout during approach to Space Station Freedom

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dunham, Scott D.

1993-01-01

A set of burn profiles was developed to provide bounding jet firing histories for a +vbar breakout during approaches to Space Station Freedom. The delta-v sequences were designed to place the Orbiter on a safe trajectory under worst case conditions and to try to minimize plume impingement on Space Station Freedom structure.

49 CFR 195.264 - Impoundment, protection against entry, normal/emergency venting or pressure/vacuum relief for...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... devices must be provided for each low-pressure and high-pressure breakout tank. (e) For normal/emergency... and vacuum-relieving devices installed on high pressure tanks built to API Standard 2510 (incorporated.../emergency venting or pressure/vacuum relief for aboveground breakout tanks. 195.264 Section 195.264...

77 FR 69613 - International Energy Agency Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-20

... disruption scenario. The agenda for ERE6 is under the control of the IEA. ERE6 will involve break-out groups, the constitution of which is under the control of the IEA. The IEA anticipates that individual break-out groups will not include multiple IAB or IEA Reporting Company representatives that would qualify...

Local versus regional active stress field in 5900m San Gregorio Magno 1 well (southern Apennines, Italy).

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pierdominici, S.; Montone, P.; Mariucci, M. T.

2009-04-01

The aim of this work is to characterize the local stress field in a peculiar sector of the southern Apennines by analyzing borehole breakouts, fractures and logging data along the San Gregorio Magno 1 deep well, and to compare the achieved stress field with the regional one. The study area is characterized by diffuse low-Magnitude seismicity, although in historical times it has been repeatedly struck by moderate to large earthquakes. We have analyzed in detail the 5900m San Gregorio Magno 1 well drilled in 1996-97 by ENI S.p.A. and located very close (1.3 km away) to the Irpinia Fault. This fault was responsible of the strongest earthquake happened in this area, the 23rd November 1980 M6.9 earthquake that produced the first unequivocal historical surface faulting ever documented in Italy. The mainshock enucleated on a fault 38 km-long with a strike of 308° and 60-70° northeast-dipping, consistent with a NE-SW T-axis and a normal faulting tectonic regime. Borehole breakouts, active faults and focal mechanism solutions have allowed to define the present-day stress along and around the San Gregorio Magno 1 well and other analysis (logging data) to discriminate the presence of fracture zones and/or faults at depth. We have considered data from 1200m to the bottom of San Gregorio Magno 1 well. Our analysis of stress-induced wellbore breakouts shows an inhomogeneous direction of minimum horizontal stress (N359+-31°) orientation along the well. This direction is moderately consistent with the Shmin-trend determined from breakouts in other wells in this region and also with the regional active stress field inferred from active faults and earthquake focal plane solutions (N44 Shmin oriented). For this reason we have computed for each breakout zone the difference between the local trend and the regional one; comparing these breakout rotations with the spikes or changing trend of logs we have identified possible fractures or faults at different depths. We have correlated the scattering intervals of breakout orientations to fracture and/or active fault zones, to the presence of fluids and to the lithology to identify possible local source of stress.

Effects of shock-breakout pressure on ejection of micron-scale material from shocked tin surfaces

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zellner, M. B.; Grover, M.; Hammerberg, J. E.; Hixson, R. S.; Iverson, A. J.; Macrum, G. S.; Morley, K. B.; Obst, A. W.; Olson, R. T.; Payton, J. R.; Rigg, P. A.; Routley, N.; Stevens, G. D.; Turley, W. D.; Veeser, L.; Buttler, W. T.

2007-07-01

This effort investigates the relation between ejecta production and shock-breakout pressure (PSB) for Sn shocked with a Taylor shockwave (unsupported) to pressures near the solid-on-release/partial melt-on-release phase transition region. The shockwaves were created by detonation of high explosive (HE) PBX-9501 on the front side of Sn coupons. Ejecta production at the backside or free side of the Sn coupons was characterized through use of piezoelectric pins, optical shadowgraphy, x-ray attenuation radiography, and optical-heterodyne velocimetry. Ejecta velocities, dynamic volume densities, and areal densities were then correlated with the shock-breakout pressure of Sn surfaces characterized by roughness average of Ra=16 μin or Ra=32 μin.

Aspherical Supernovae and Oblique Shock Breakout

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Afsariardchi, Niloufar; Matzner, Christopher D.

2017-02-01

In an aspherical supernova explosion, shock emergence is not simultaneous and non-radial flows develop near the stellar surface. Oblique shock breakouts tend to be easily developed in compact progenitors like stripped-envelop core collapse supernovae. According to Matzner et al. (2013), non-spherical explosions develop non-radial flows that alters the observable emission and radiation of a supernova explosion. These flows can limit ejecta speed, change the distribution of matter and heat of the ejecta, suppress the breakout flash, and most importantly engender collisions outside the star. We construct a global numerical FLASH hydrodynamic simulation in a two dimensional spherical coordinate, focusing on the non-relativistic, adiabatic limit in a polytropic envelope to see how these fundamental differences affect the early light curve of core-collapse SNe.

Proton radiography measurements and models of ejecta structure in shocked Sn

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hammerberg, J. E.; Buttler, W. T.; Llobet, A.; Morris, C.; Goett, J.; Manzanares, R.; Saunders, A.; Schmidt, D.; Tainter, A.; Vogan-McNeil, W.; Wilde, C.

2017-06-01

We discuss experimental validation of ejecta source mass and velocity models using proton radiography. We have performed ejecta measurements at the Los Alamos proton radiography facility on 7 mm thick 81 mm diameter Sn samples driven with a plane-wave high explosive lens (PBX9501 + TNT). The surface of the Sn, in contact with He gas at an initial pressure of 7 atmospheres, was machined to have 4 concentric sinusoidal features with a wavelength of λ = 2 mm in the radial direction and amplitude h0 = 0.159 mm (kh0 = 2 πh0 / λ = 0.5). The shock pressure was 27 GPa. 42 images were obtained between 0 and 14 μs from the time of shock breakout at 275 and 400 ns intervals. The Abel inverted density profiles evolve to a self-similar density distribution that depends on a scaling variable z /vs t where vs is the spike tip velocity, z is the distance from the free surface and t is the time after shock breakout. Both the density profiles and the time dependence of the mass per unit area in the evolving spikes are in good agreement with a Richtmyer-Meshkov instability based model for ejecta production and evolution. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Dept. of Energy under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. The support of the LANL ASC-PEM and Science Campaign 2 programs is gratefully acknowledged.

A Comparison of Online and Face-to-Face Approaches to Teaching Introduction to American Government

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bolsen, Toby; Evans, Michael; Fleming, Anna McCaghren

2016-01-01

This article reports results from a large study comparing four different approaches to teaching Introduction to American Government: (1) traditional, a paper textbook with 100% face-to-face lecture-style teaching; (2) breakout, a paper textbook with 50% face-to-face lecture-style teaching and 50% face-to-face small-group breakout discussion…

Workforce Preparation - A Breakout Session for the Building Strong Geoscience Departments Visiting Workshop Program

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Doser, D. I.

2009-12-01

We have designed a workshop breakout session and accompanying web based materials to assist geoscience departments in better preparing their students for professional careers following graduation. The session explores ways to obtain feedback about career preparation from employers and alumni that can be used to develop more effective curriculum, as well as departmental activities to better prepare students for employment opportunities. In addition, it identifies sources outside a department that can be used in the workforce preparation process and methods to assess any changes implemented to prepare students for the workforce. Concrete examples include feedback from a survey of recent (< 5 years) alumni at the University of Texas at El Paso, student run research meetings with built-in assessment opportunities, and a wealth of on-line resources. The session was initially tested in June 2009 at the Strengthening Your Strong Geoscience Department workshop. Comments from the June participants have been used to improve the session for the 2009-2010 “visiting workshop” program.

Propulsion and Power Rapid Response Research and Development (R&D) Support. Delivery Order 0011: Advanced Propulsion Fuels R&D, Subtask: Evaluation of 50/50 Hydroprocessed Renewable Jet Fuel and JP8 in the Ford 6.7L High-Pressure Common Rail Design Engine

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-12-01

treated with 9ppm of a QPL-25017 additive. Testing was completed using a Ford 6.7L V8 turbocharged diesel engine. Testing was completed following a...Installation ................................................................................. 3 2. Ford 6.7L Fuel Injection Pump, Rail, & Injector ...5 4. Fuel Injector Component Break-Out

Borehole Breakout Derived Constraints on Stress Regimes in the Santa Barbara Channel, Offshore Southern California

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pritchard, E. H.; Persaud, P.; Stock, J. M.

2017-12-01

The Santa Barbara Channel is an E-W trending marine basin that serves as the southern extension of the Western Transverse Ranges block. Several active, E-W trending en echelon fault systems exist beneath the Channel with both N and S dips. These control a series of tight, asymmetric anticlinal folds along the North Channel and Mid-Channel regions. Although controversial, recent models have suggested that these systems are capable of producing large magnitude, tsunamigenic earthquakes. Not controversial, however, is the fact that further knowledge of the stress regime related to these systems would greatly contribute to our understanding of a potential rupture along them. In this study, oriented 4-arm caliper well log data obtained from industry are used to determine the orientations of stress induced shear failures along well bore walls, called borehole breakouts, beneath two offshore drill platforms in the Santa Barbara Channel. Analysis of breakout orientations along 18 differently oriented, highly deviated wells allows for constraint of the current in situ stress regime beneath each of the platforms. The best-fit stress regime can then be used to inform the nature of slip along nearby faults, many of which are blind and display no surface indications of slip. At the Holly platform, located roughly 19 km west of Santa Barbara, and proximate to the Pitas Point, North Channel, and Red Mountain fault systems, lower hemisphere polar projections of breakout orientations in deviated well sections indicate a mainly thrust faulting stress regime, although a strike-slip component is not currently excluded. At the Gail platform, located midway between Ventura and Santa Cruz Island, and proximate to the Western Deep Fault, polar projections of breakouts indicate that a predominantly thrust faulting stress regime also exists beneath this platform. However, a few inconsistencies in the breakout orientations at each platform suggest variability in the stress regime, leading to the hypothesis that the stress field beneath these regions may change with depth, from a shallow degenerate-like thrust faulting stress state, with the horizontal principal stresses roughly equal in magnitude yet greater than the vertical principal stress (SH = Sh > Sv), to a deeper, less degenerate regime.

United States Department of Defense: Agency Financial Report Fiscal Year 2014

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-01-01

Defense Review (QDR) 2014 to Congress in March 2014. The QDR is a legislatively -mandated report, issued every four years, that evaluates the...Operational Test & Evaluation General Counsel, DoD ASD ( Legislative Affairs) ATSD (Public Affairs) DoD Chief Information Officer Director, Net...in Billions Breakout Accounts Payable $19.8 1% Military Retirement and Employment Benefits $2,334.0 95% Environmental and Disposal Liabilities

A Sinuous Tumulus over an Active Lava Tube at Klauea Volcano: Evolution, Analogs, and Hazard Forecasts

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Orr, Tim R.; Bleacher, Jacob E.; Patrick, Matthew R.; Wooten, Kelly M.

2015-01-01

Inflation of narrow tube-fed basaltic lava flows (tens of meters across), such as those confined by topography, can be focused predominantly along the roof of a lava tube. This can lead to the development of an unusually long tumulus, its shape matching the sinuosity of the underlying lava tube. Such a situation occurred during Klauea Volcanos (Hawaii, USA) ongoing East Rift Zone eruption on a lava tube active from July through November 2010. Short-lived breakouts from the tube buried the flanks of the sinuous, ridge-like tumulus, while the tumulus crest, its surface composed of lava formed very early in the flows emplacement history, remained poised above the surrounding younger flows. At least several of these breakouts resulted in irrecoverable uplift of the tube roof. Confined sections of the prehistoric Carrizozo and McCartys flows (New Mexico, USA) display similar sinuous, ridge-like features with comparable surface age relationships. We contend that these distinct features formed in a fashion equivalent to that of the sinuous tumulus that formed at Kilauea in 2010. Moreover, these sinuous tumuli may be analogs for some sinuous ridges evident in orbital images of the Tharsis volcanic province on Mars. The short-lived breakouts from the sinuous tumulus at Kilauea were caused by surges in discharge through the lava tube, in response to cycles of deflation and inflation (DI events) at Kilauea's summit. The correlation between DI events and subsequent breakouts aided in lava flow forecasting. Breakouts from the sinuous tumulus advanced repeatedly toward the sparsely populated Kalapana Gardens subdivision, destroying two homes and threatening others. Hazard assessments, including flow occurrence and advance forecasts, were relayed regularly to the Hawai?i County Civil Defense to aid their lava flow hazard mitigation efforts while this lava tube was active.

Image log analysis of in situ stress orientation, breakout growth, and natural geologic structures to 2.5 km depth in central Scandinavian Caledonides: Results from the COSC-1 borehole

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wenning, Quinn C.; Berthet, Theo; Ask, Maria; Zappone, Alba; Rosberg, Jan-Erik; Almqvist, Bjarne S. G.

2017-05-01

Stress-induced borehole deformation analysis in the Collisional Orogeny in the Scandinavian Caledonide deep scientific borehole establishes in situ stress orientation in a poorly characterized region in central Sweden. Two acoustic televiewer logging campaigns, with more than 1 year between campaigns, provide detailed images along the full length of the 2.5 km deep borehole for breakout, drilling-induced tensile fracture (DITF), and natural occurring structural analysis. Borehole breakouts occur in 13 distinct zones along total length of 22 m, indicating an average maximum horizontal stress, SHmax, orientation of 127° ± 12°. Infrequent DITFs are constrained within one zone from 786 to 787 m depth (SHmax orientation: 121° ± 07°). These SHmax orientations are in agreement with the general trend in Scandinavia and are in accordance with many mechanisms that generate crustal stress (e.g., ridge push, topographic loading, and mantel driven stresses). The unique acquisition of image logs in two successions allows for analysis of time-dependent borehole deformation, indicating that six breakout zones have crept, both along the borehole axis and radially around the borehole. Strong dynamic moduli measured on core samples and an inferred weak in situ stress anisotropy inhibit the formation of breakouts and DITFs. Natural fracture orientation below 800 m is congruent to extensional or hybrid brittle shear failure along the same trend as the current SHmax. Analysis of foliation in the image logs reinforces the interpretation that the discontinuous seismic reflectors with fluctuating dip observed in seismic profiles are due to recumbent folding and boudinage.

Spiro K. Antiochos Receives 2013 John Adam Fleming Medal: Citation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Klimchuk, James A.

2014-01-01

The John Adam Fleming Medal is awarded for "original research and technical leadership in geomagnetism, atmospheric electricity, aeronomy, space physics, and related sciences." Originality and technical leadership are exactly the characteristics that distinguish the research of Spiro K. Antiochos. Spiro possesses a truly unique combination of physical insight, creativity, and mastery of the concepts and mathematical and numerical tools of space physics. These talents have allowed him to develop completely original theories for major observational problems and to test and refine those theories using sophisticated numerical simulation codes that he himself helped to develop. Spiro's physical insight is especially impressive. He has an uncanny ability to identify the fundamental aspects of complex problems and to see physical connections where others do not. This can sometimes involve ideas that may initially seem counterintuitive to those with less creativity. Many of Spiro's revolutionary advances have opened up whole new areas of study and shaped the course of space physics. Examples include the breakout model for coronal mass ejections (CMEs), the S-web model for the slow solar wind, and the thermal nonequilibrium model for solar prominences. The breakout model is of special significance to AGU as it strives to promote science for the betterment of humanity. CMEs are enormous explosions on the Sun that can have major "space weather" impacts here on Earth. They affect technologies ranging from communication and navigation systems to electrical power grids. Breakout is the leading theory for why CMEs occur and may one day be the foundation for more accurate space weather forecasting.

Pressure Effects on the Ejection of Material from Shocked Tin Surfaces

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zellner, M. B.; Grover, M.; Hammerberg, J. E.; Hixson, R. S.; Iverson, A. J.; Macrum, G. S.; Morley, K. B.; Obst, A. W.; Olson, R. T.; Payton, J. R.; Rigg, P. A.; Routley, N.; Stevens, G. D.; Turley, W. D.; Veeser, L.; Buttler, W. T.

2007-12-01

Los Alamos National Lab (LANL) is actively engaged in the development of a model to predict the formation of micron-scale fragments ejected (ejecta) from shocked metals that have surface defects. The LANL ejecta model considers that the amount of ejecta is mainly related to the material's phase on shock release at the free-surface. This effort investigates the relation between ejecta production and shock-breakout pressure for Sn shocked with high explosives to pressures near the solid-on-release/partial-liquid-on-release phase transition region. We found that the amount of ejecta produced for shock-breakout pressures that resulted in partial-liquid-on-release increased significantly compared to that which resulted in solid-on-release. Additionally, we found that the amount of ejecta remained relatively constant within the partial-liquid-on-release, regardless of shock-breakout pressure.

Breakout Reconnection Observed by the TESIS EUV Telescope

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Reva, A. A.; Ulyanov, A. S.; Shestov, S. V.; Kuzin, S. V.

2016-01-01

We present experimental evidence of the coronal mass ejection (CME) breakout reconnection, observed by the TESIS EUV telescope. The telescope could observe solar corona up to 2 R⊙ from the Sun center in the Fe 171 Å line. Starting from 2009 April 8, TESIS observed an active region (AR) that had a quadrupolar structure with an X-point 0.5 R⊙ above photosphere. A magnetic field reconstructed from the Michelson Doppler Imager data also has a multipolar structure with an X-point above the AR. At 21:45 UT on April 9, the loops near the X-point started to move away from each other with a velocity of ≈7 km s-1. At 01:15 UT on April 10, a bright stripe appeared between the loops, and the flux in the GOES 0.5-4 Å channel increased. We interpret the loops’ sideways motion and the bright stripe as evidence of the breakout reconnection. At 01:45 UT, the loops below the X-point started to slowly move up. At 15:10 UT, the CME started to accelerate impulsively, while at the same time a flare arcade formed below the CME. After 15:50 UT, the CME moved with constant velocity. The CME evolution precisely followed the breakout model scenario.

GRB 170817A as a jet counterpart to gravitational wave trigger GW 170817

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lamb, Gavin P.; Kobayashi, Shiho

2018-05-01

Fermi/GBM (Gamma-ray Burst Monitor) and INTEGRAL (the International Gamma-ray Astrophysics Laboratory) reported the detection of the γ-ray counterpart, GRB 170817A, to the LIGO (Light Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory)/Virgo gravitational wave detected binary neutron star merger, GW 170817. GRB 170817A is likely to have an internal jet or another origin such as cocoon emission, shock-breakout, or a flare from a viscous disc. In this paper we assume that the γ-ray emission is caused by energy dissipation within a relativistic jet and we model the afterglow synchrotron emission from a reverse- and forward-shock in the outflow. We show the afterglow for a low-luminosity γ-ray burst (GRB) jet with a high Lorentz-factor (Γ); a low-Γ and low-kinetic energy jet; a low-Γ, high kinetic energy jet; structured jets viewed at an inclination within the jet-half-opening angle; and an off-axis `typical' GRB jet. All jet models will produce observable afterglows on various timescales. The late-time afterglow from 10-110 days can be fit by a Gaussian structured jet viewed at a moderate inclination, however the GRB is not directly reproduced by this model. These jet afterglow models can be used for future GW detected NS merger counterparts with a jet afterglow origin.

Shock-induced perturbation evolution in planar laser targets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aglitskiy, Y.; Karasik, M.; Velikovich, A. L.; Serlin, V.; Weaver, J. L.; Kessler, T. J.; Schmitt, A. J.; Obenschain, S. P.; Metzler, N.; Oh, J.

2013-10-01

Experimental studies of hydrodynamic perturbation evolution triggered by a laser-driven shock wave in a planar target done on the KrF Nike laser facility are reported. The targets were made of solid plastic and/or plastic foam with single mode sinusoidal perturbation on the front or back surface or plastic/foam interface. Two specific cases are discussed. When a planar solid plastic target rippled at the front side is irradiated with a 350 ps long laser pulse, ablative Richtmyer-Meshkov (RM) oscillation of its areal mass modulation amplitude is detected while the laser is on, followed by observed strong oscillations of the areal mass in the unsupported shock flow after the laser pulse ends. When the target is rippled at the rear side, the nature of the perturbation evolution after the shock breakout is determined by the strength of the laser-driven shock wave. At pressure below 1 Mbar shock interaction with rear-surface ripples produces planar collimated jets manifesting the development of a classical RM instability in a weakly compressible shocked fluid. At shock pressure ~ 8 Mbar sufficient for vaporizing the shocked target material we observed instead the strong areal mass oscillations characteristic of a rippled centered rarefaction wave. Work supported by US DOE, Defense Programs.

Observed transition from Richtmyer-Meshkov jet formation through feedout oscillations to Rayleigh-Taylor instability in a laser target

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aglitskiy, Y.; Karasik, M.; Velikovich, A. L.; Serlin, V.; Weaver, J. L.; Kessler, T. J.; Schmitt, A. J.; Obenschain, S. P.; Nikitin, S. P.; Metzler, N.; Oh, J.

2012-10-01

Experimental study of hydrodynamic perturbation evolution triggered by a laser-driven shock wave breakout at the free rippled rear surface of a plastic target is reported. We observed a transition between two qualitatively distinct types of perturbation evolution: jet formation at low shock pressure and areal mass oscillations at high shock pressure, which correspond respectively to high and low values of effective adiabatic index. The experiments were done on the KrF Nike laser facility with laser wavelength 248 nm and a 4 ns pulse. We varied the number of beams overlapped on the plastic target to change the ablative pressure driving the shock wave through the target: 36 beams produce pressure of ˜8 Mbar, whereas a single beam irradiation reduces the pressure to ˜0.7 Mbar. With the help of side-on monochromatic x-ray imaging, planar jets manifesting the development of the Richtmyer-Meshkov-type instability in a non-accelerated target are observed at sub-megabar shock pressure. As the shock pressure exceeds 1 Mbar, instead of jet formation an oscillatory rippled expansion wave is observed, followed by the ``feedout'' of the rear-surface perturbations to the ablation front and the development of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability, which breaks up the accelerated target.

X-Ray Emission from Supernovae in Dense Circumstellar Matter Environments: A Search for Collisionless Shock

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ofek, E.O; Fox, D.; Cenko, B.; Sullivan, M.; Gnat, O.; Frail A.; Horesh, A.; Corsi, A; Quimby, R. M.; Gehrels, N.;

NOAA Climate Test Bed: CFSv.3 Planning Meeting (August 25-26, 2011)

Science.gov Websites

: Experience of porting CFSv2 NASA Ames SGI ICE platform (Marx) 12:30-14:00 Breakout discussion (1) Group 1A :00 NASA (Suarez) 09:00-09:20 GFDL (Rosati) 09:20-09:40 ECMWF (Molteni) 09:40-10:00 CMCC (Navarra) 10 modeling efforts at other modeling centers (e.g., GFDL, NCAR, NASA, COLA, DOE, ECMWF). Meeting Format: The

Incidence of Trench Breakouts Following Applications of Trench Insert Barriers to Control Root Transmission of Ceratocytis Fagacearum in Texas Live Oaks, 1998

Treesearch

A. Dan Wilson; D.G. Lester

1999-01-01

Fourth-year field evaluations of four trench insert materials, including water-permeable Typar® polypropylene spunbonded fabric, Biobarrier® or Typar® with trifluralin-impregnated nodules, and water-impermeable polyethylene Geomembrane liners of two thicknesses (20 and 30 mil), were conducted to further test the effectiveness of these physical and/or chemical...

The Observable Signatures of GRB Cocoons

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nakar, Ehud; Piran, Tsvi

2017-01-01

As a long gamma-ray burst (GRB) jet propagates within the stellar atmosphere it creates a cocoon composed of an outer Newtonian shocked stellar material and an inner (possibly relativistic) shocked jet. The jet deposits {10}51{--}{10}52 erg into this cocoon. This is comparable to the energies of the GRB and of the accompanying supernova, yet the cocoon’s signature has been largely ignored. The cocoon radiates a fraction of this energy as it expands, following the breakout from the star, and later as it interacts with the surrounding matter. We explore the possible signatures of this emission and outline a framework to calculate them from the conditions of the cocoon at the time of the jet breakout. The cocoon signature depends strongly on the, currently unknown, mixing between the shocked jet and shocked stellar material. With no mixing the γ-ray emission from the cocoon is so bright that it should have been already detected. The lack of such detections indicates that some mixing must take place. For partial and full mixing the expected signals are weaker than regular GRB afterglows. However, the latter are highly beamed while the former are wider. Future optical, UV, and X-ray transient searches, like LSST, ZTF, ULTRASAT, ISS-Lobster, and others, will most likely detect such signals, providing a wealth of information on the progenitors and jets of GRBs. While we focus on long GRBs, analogous (but weaker) cocoons may arise in short GRBs. Their signatures might be the most promising electromagnetic counterparts for gravitational wave signals from compact binary mergers.

Studying Petrophysical and Geomechanical Properties of Utica Point-Pleasant Shale and its Variations Across the Northern Appalachian Basin

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Raziperchikolaee, S.; Kelley, M. E.; Burchwell, A.

2017-12-01

Understanding petrophysical and geomechanical parameters of shale formations and their variations across the basin are necessary to optimize the design of a hydraulic fracturing program aimed at enhancing long term oil/gas production from unconventional wells. Dipole sonic logging data (compressional-wave and shear-wave slowness) from multiple wells across the study area, coupled with formation bulk density log data, were used to calculate dynamic elastic parameters, including shear modulus, bulk modulus, Poisson's ratio, and Young's modulus for the shale formations. The individual-well data were aggregated into a single histogram for each parameter to gain an understanding of the variation in the properties (including brittleness) of the Utica Point-Pleasant formations across the entire study area. A crossplot of the compressional velocity and bulk density and a crossplot between the compressional velocity, the shear velocity, and depth of the measurement were used for a high level petrophysical characterization of the Utica Point-Pleasant. Detailed interpretation of drilling induced fractures recorded in image logs, and an analysis of shear wave anisotropy using multi-receiver sonic logs were also performed. Orientation of drilling induced fractures was measured to determine the maximum horizontal stress azimuth. Also, an analysis of shear wave anisotropy to predict stress anisotropy around the wellbore was performed to determine the direction of maximum horizontal stress. Our study shows how the detailed interpretation of borehole breakouts, drilling induced fractures, and sonic wave data can be used to reduce uncertainty and produce a better hydraulic fracturing design in the Utica Point Pleasant formations across the northern Appalachian Basin region of Ohio.

Quasi-periodic Radio Bursts Associated with Fast-mode Waves near a Magnetic Null Point

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kumar, Pankaj; Nakariakov, Valery M.; Cho, Kyung-Suk, E-mail: pankaj.kumar@nasa.gov

This paper presents an observation of quasi-periodic rapidly propagating waves observed in the Atmospheric Image Assembly (AIA) 171/193 Å channels during the impulsive phase of an M1.9 flare that occurred on 2012 May 7. The instant period was found to decrease from 240 to 120 s, and the speed of the wavefronts was in the range of ∼664–1416 km s{sup −1}. Almost simultaneously, quasi-periodic bursts with similar instant periods, ∼70 and ∼140 s, occur in the microwave emission and in decimetric type IV and type III radio bursts, and in the soft X-ray emission. The magnetic field configuration of themore » flare site was consistent with a breakout topology, i.e., a quadrupolar field along with a magnetic null point. The quasi-periodic rapidly propagating wavefronts of the EUV emission are interpreted as a fast magnetoacoustic wave train. The observations suggest that the fast-mode waves are generated during the quasi-periodic magnetic reconnection in the cusp region above the flare arcade loops. For the first time, we provide evidence of a tadpole wavelet signature at about 70–140 s in decimetric (245/610 MHz) radio bursts, along with the direct observation of a coronal fast-mode wave train in EUV. In addition, at AIA 131/193 Å we observed quasi-periodic EUV disturbances with periods of 95 and 240 s propagating downward at apparent speeds of 172–273 km s{sup −1}. The nature of these downward propagating disturbances is not revealed, but they could be connected to magnetoacoustic waves or periodically shrinking loops.« less

Developing Dynamic Reference Models and a Decision Support Framework for Southeastern Ecosystems: An Integrated Approach

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-06-01

Tuesday afternoon, March 25, and the solution breakout group discussions took place on Wednesday morning, March 26. Each breakout group presented...UK. Creech, M. N., L. K. Kirkman, and L. A. Morris . 2012. Alteration and recovery of slash pile burn sites in the restoration of a fire...Lesica, W. Morris , G. Oostermeijer, P. Quintana-Ascencio, A. Stanely, T. Ticktin, R. Valverde, and J. Williams. 2011. How do plant ecologists use matric

Observing the Next Galactic Supernova

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Adams, Scott M.; Kochanek, C. S.; Beacom, John F.; Vagins, Mark R.; Stanek, K. Z.

2013-12-01

No supernova (SN) in the Milky Way has been observed since the invention of the optical telescope, instruments for other wavelengths, neutrino detectors, or gravitational wave observatories. It would be a tragedy to miss the opportunity to fully characterize the next one. To aid preparations for its observations, we model the distance, extinction, and magnitude probability distributions of a successful Galactic core-collapse supernova (ccSN), its shock breakout radiation, and its massive star progenitor. We find, at very high probability (sime 100%), that the next Galactic SN will easily be detectable in the near-IR and that near-IR photometry of the progenitor star very likely (sime 92%) already exists in the Two Micron All Sky Survey. Most ccSNe (98%) will be easily observed in the optical, but a significant fraction (43%) will lack observations of the progenitor due to a combination of survey sensitivity and confusion. If neutrino detection experiments can quickly disseminate a likely position (~3°), we show that a modestly priced IR camera system can probably detect the shock breakout radiation pulse even in daytime (64% for the cheapest design). Neutrino experiments should seriously consider adding such systems, both for their scientific return and as an added and internal layer of protection against false triggers. We find that shock breakouts from failed ccSNe of red supergiants may be more observable than those of successful SNe due to their lower radiation temperatures. We review the process by which neutrinos from a Galactic ccSN would be detected and announced. We provide new information on the EGADS system and its potential for providing instant neutrino alerts. We also discuss the distance, extinction, and magnitude probability distributions for the next Galactic Type Ia supernova (SN Ia). Based on our modeled observability, we find a Galactic ccSN rate of 3.2^{+7.3}_{-2.6} per century and a Galactic SN Ia rate of 1.4^{+1.4}_{-0.8} per century for a total Galactic SN rate of 4.6^{+7.4}_{-2.7} per century is needed to account for the SNe observed over the last millennium, which implies a Galactic star formation rate of 3.6^{+8.3}_{-3.0} M ⊙ yr-1.

Relationships among in-situ stress, fractures and faults, and fluid flow: Monterey formation, Santa Maria Basin, California

USGS Publications Warehouse

Finkbeiner, T.; Barton, C.A.; Zoback, M.D.

1997-01-01

We used borehole televiewer (BHTV) data from four wells within the onshore and offshore Santa Maria basin, California, to investigate the relationships among fracture distribution, orientation, and variation with depth and in-situ stress. Our analysis of stress-induced well-bore breakouts shows a uniform northeast maximum horizontal stress (SH max) orientation in each well. This direction is consistent with the SH max direction determined from well-bore breakouts in other wells in this region, the northwest trend of active fold axes, and kinematic inversion of nearby earthquake focal plane mechanisms. In contrast to the uniformity of the stress field, fracture orientation, dip, and frequency vary considerably from well to well and within each well. With depth, fractures can be divided into distinct subsets on the basis of fracture frequency and orientation, which correlate with changes of lithology and physical properties. Although factors such as tectonic history, diagenesis, and structural variations obviously have influenced fracture distribution, integration of the in-situ stress and fracture data sets indicates that many of the fractures, faults, and bedding planes are active, small-scale strike-slip and reverse faults in the current northeast-trending transpressive stress field. In fact, we observed local breakout rotations in the wells, providing kinematic evidence for recent shear motion along fracture and bedding-parallel planes. Only in the onshore well do steeply dipping fractures strike parallel to SHmax. Drill-stem tests from two of the offshore wells indicate that formation permeability is greatly enhanced in sections of the wells where fractures are favorably oriented for shear failure in the modern stress field. Thus, relatively small-scale active faults provide important conduits along which fluids migrate.

Department of Defense In-House RDT&E Activities. FY2000 Management Analysis Report

DTIC Science & Technology

2000-01-01

Blossom Point, Maryland * White Sands Missile Range (WSMR), WSMR, New Mexico . They are presented in this publication in that location breakout. ADELPHI... MEXICO ULTRA WIDEBAND (UWB) SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR (SAR) TESTBED A mobile UWB SAR testbed, featuring a 150-ft measurement system, is used to...Missile Range (WSMR) in New Mexico , this range performs assembly and live-fire testing of surface-to-air, surface-to-surface weapons, and research rockets

Active stress along the ne external margin of the Apennines: the Ferrara arc, northern Italy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Montone, Paola; Mariucci, M. Teresa

1999-09-01

We have analysed borehole breakout data from 12 deep wells in order to constrain the direction of the minimum and maximum horizontal stress in a part of the Po Plain, northern Italy, characterised by a ˜N-S prevailing compressional stress regime, and in order to shed light on the regional state of stress and on the correlation between the active stress field and the orientation of tectonic structures. The results have been compared with seismological data relating to 1988-1995 crustal seismicity (2.5< Md<4.8) and to the 1983 Parma ( Ms=5.0) and the 1996 Reggio Emilia ( Ms=5.1) events. Plio-Pleistocene mesostructural data are also described in order to better define the present-day stress field and to understand the active tectonic processes in particular stress provinces. The borehole breakout analysis, in accordance with the seismicity and mesostructural data, shows the presence of a predominant compression area, characterised by approximately N-S maximum horizontal stress, along the outer thrust of the Ferrara arc. Particularly, the breakout analysis indicates a minimum horizontal stress, N81W±22° relative to a total of eleven analysed wells, with 3746 m cumulative total length of breakout zones. Among these, nine wells are located in the same tectonic structure, consisting of an arc of asymmetric folds overthrust towards the NE. The breakout results for these wells are quite similar in terms of minimum horizontal stress direction (˜E-W oriented). The other two wells are located in the outside sector of the arc and one of them shows a different minimum horizontal stress direction, probably distinctive of another tectonic unit. On the basis of these new reliable stress indicators, the active compressive front in this area is located along the termination of the external northern Apenninic arc.

A sinuous tumulus over an active lava tube at Kīlauea Volcano: evolution, analogs, and hazard forecasts

USGS Publications Warehouse

Orr, Tim R.; Bleacher, Jacob E.; Patrick, Matthew R.; Wooten, Kelly M.

2015-01-01

Inflation of narrow tube-fed basaltic lava flows (tens of meters across), such as those confined by topography, can be focused predominantly along the roof of a lava tube. This can lead to the development of an unusually long tumulus, its shape matching the sinuosity of the underlying lava tube. Such a situation occurred during Kīlauea Volcano's (Hawai'i, USA) ongoing East Rift Zone eruption on a lava tube active from July through November 2010. Short-lived breakouts from the tube buried the flanks of the sinuous, ridge-like tumulus, while the tumulus crest, its surface composed of lava formed very early in the flow's emplacement history, remained poised above the surrounding younger flows. At least several of these breakouts resulted in irrecoverable uplift of the tube roof. Confined sections of the prehistoric Carrizozo and McCartys flows (New Mexico, USA) display similar sinuous, ridge-like features with comparable surface age relationships. We contend that these distinct features formed in a fashion equivalent to that of the sinuous tumulus that formed at Kīlauea in 2010. Moreover, these sinuous tumuli may be analogs for some sinuous ridges evident in orbital images of the Tharsis volcanic province on Mars. The short-lived breakouts from the sinuous tumulus at Kīlauea were caused by surges in discharge through the lava tube, in response to cycles of deflation and inflation (DI events) at Kīlauea's summit. The correlation between DI events and subsequent breakouts aided in lava flow forecasting. Breakouts from the sinuous tumulus advanced repeatedly toward the sparsely populated Kalapana Gardens subdivision, destroying two homes and threatening others. Hazard assessments, including flow occurrence and advance forecasts, were relayed regularly to the Hawai'i County Civil Defense to aid their lava flow hazard mitigation efforts while this lava tube was active.

A sinuous tumulus over an active lava tube at Kīlauea Volcano: Evolution, analogs, and hazard forecasts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Orr, Tim R.; Bleacher, Jacob E.; Patrick, Matthew R.; Wooten, Kelly M.

2015-01-01

Inflation of narrow tube-fed basaltic lava flows (tens of meters across), such as those confined by topography, can be focused predominantly along the roof of a lava tube. This can lead to the development of an unusually long tumulus, its shape matching the sinuosity of the underlying lava tube. Such a situation occurred during Kīlauea Volcano's (Hawai'i, USA) ongoing East Rift Zone eruption on a lava tube active from July through November 2010. Short-lived breakouts from the tube buried the flanks of the sinuous, ridge-like tumulus, while the tumulus crest, its surface composed of lava formed very early in the flow's emplacement history, remained poised above the surrounding younger flows. At least several of these breakouts resulted in irrecoverable uplift of the tube roof. Confined sections of the prehistoric Carrizozo and McCartys flows (New Mexico, USA) display similar sinuous, ridge-like features with comparable surface age relationships. We contend that these distinct features formed in a fashion equivalent to that of the sinuous tumulus that formed at Kīlauea in 2010. Moreover, these sinuous tumuli may be analogs for some sinuous ridges evident in orbital images of the Tharsis volcanic province on Mars. The short-lived breakouts from the sinuous tumulus at Kīlauea were caused by surges in discharge through the lava tube, in response to cycles of deflation and inflation (DI events) at Kīlauea's summit. The correlation between DI events and subsequent breakouts aided in lava flow forecasting. Breakouts from the sinuous tumulus advanced repeatedly toward the sparsely populated Kalapana Gardens subdivision, destroying two homes and threatening others. Hazard assessments, including flow occurrence and advance forecasts, were relayed regularly to the Hawai'i County Civil Defense to aid their lava flow hazard mitigation efforts while this lava tube was active.

Preliminary Success in the Characterization and Management of a Sudden Breakout of a Novel H7N9 Influenza A Virus

PubMed Central

Wu, Yan-Ling; Shen, Li-Wen; Ding, Yan-Ping; Tanaka, Yoshimasa; Zhang, Wen

2014-01-01

Influenza has always been one of the major threats to human health. The Spanish influenza in 1918, the pandemic influenza A/H1N1 in 2009, and the avian influenza A/H5N1 have brought about great disasters or losses to mankind. More recently, a novel avian influenza A/H7N9 broke out in China and until December 2, 2013, it had caused 139 cases of infection, including 45 deaths. Its risk and pandemic potential attract worldwide attention. In this article, we summarize epidemiology, virology characteristics, clinical symptoms, diagnosis methods, clinical treatment and preventive measures about the avian influenza A/H7N9 virus infection to provide a reference for a possible next wave of flu outbreak. PMID:24520209

The Connection between the Corona and Chromosphere during a Multiple Event Observation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cirtain, Jonathan

2008-01-01

NOAA AR 10940 (Jan 25 2007 - Feb 09 2007) rotated into view producing a CME and EIT wave, and followed by at least 27 B and C class flares as rotated across the disk. As it reached the west limb it proceeded to produce a sequence of jets and filament eruptions that were observed in unprecedented detail. I present observations from TRACE, EIT, HINODE XRT / SOT / EIS, RHESSI, GOES 12 and STEREO-A COR 1 to investigate part of the sequence of events that lead to a filament eruption and sympathetic jet at 02:30 - 03:00 02/09/07. I concentrate on the topology changes and infer that external breakout reconnection was the mechanism that lead to the removal of overlying field and subsequent filament eruption I will also discuss the instrument development activities at MSFC.

Debris flows from failures Neoglacial-age moraine dams in the Three Sisters and Mount Jefferson wilderness areas, Oregon

USGS Publications Warehouse

O'Connor, J. E.; Hardison, J.H.; Costa, J.E.

2001-01-01

The highest concentration of lakes dammed by Neoglacial moraines in the conterminous United States is in the Mount Jefferson and Three Sisters Wilderness Areas in central Oregon. Between 1930 and 1980, breakouts of these lakes have resulted in 11 debris flows. The settings and sequences of events leading to breaching and the downstream flow behavior of the resulting debris flows provide guidance on the likelihood and magnitude of future lake breakouts and debris flows.

Advanced Extravehicular Activity Breakout Group Summary

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kosmo, Joseph J.; Perka, Alan; Walz, Carl; Cobb, Sharon; Hanford, Anthony; Eppler, Dean

2005-01-01

This viewgraph document summarizes the workings of the Advanced Extravehicular Activity (AEVA) Breakout group in a Martian environment. The group was tasked with: identifying potential contaminants and pathways for AEVA systems with respect to forward and backward contamination; identifying plausible mitigation alternatives and obstacles for pertinent missions; identifying topics that require further research and technology development and discuss development strategies with uncertain Planetary Protection (PP) requirements; Identifying PP requirements that impose the greatest mission/development costs; Identifying PP requirements/topics that require further definition;

A Randomized Controlled Trial of Team-Based Learning Versus Lectures with Break-Out Groups on Knowledge Retention.

PubMed

Thrall, Grace C; Coverdale, John H; Benjamin, Sophiya; Wiggins, Anna; Lane, Christianne Joy; Pato, Michele T

2016-10-01

This goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of team-based learning (TBL) on knowledge retention compared to traditional lectures with small break-out group discussion (teaching as usual (TAU)) using a randomized controlled trial. This randomized controlled trial was conducted during a daylong conference for psychiatric educators on attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and the research literacy topic of efficacy versus effectiveness trials. Learners (n = 115) were randomized with concealed allocation to either TBL or TAU. Knowledge was measured prior to the intervention, immediately afterward, and 2 months later via multiple-choice tests. Participants were necessarily unblinded. Data enterers, data analysts, and investigators were blinded to group assignment in data analysis. Per-protocol analyses of test scores were performed using change in knowledge from baseline. The primary endpoint was test scores at 2 months. At baseline, there were no statistically significant differences between groups in pre-test knowledge. At immediate post-test, both TBL and TAU groups showed improved knowledge scores compared with their baseline scores. The TBL group performed better statistically on the immediate post-test than the TAU group (Cohen's d = 0.73; p < 0.001), although the differences in knowledge scores were not educationally meaningful, averaging just one additional test question correct (out of 15). On the 2-month remote post-test, there were no group differences in knowledge retention among the 42 % of participants who returned the 2-month test. Both TBL and TAU learners acquired new knowledge at the end of the intervention and retained knowledge over 2 months. At the end of the intervention day and after 2 months, knowledge test scores were not meaningfully different between TBL and TAU completers. In conclusion, this study failed to demonstrate the superiority of TBL over TAU on the primary outcome of knowledge retention at 2 months post-intervention.

X-ray Emission from Supernovae in Dense Circumstellar Matter Environments: a Search for Collisionless Shocks

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ofek, E. O.; Fox, D.; Cenko, Stephen B.; Sullivan, M; Gnat, O.; Frail, D. A.; Horesh, A.; Corsi, A.; Quimby, R. M.; Gehrels, N.;

The Origin and Evolution of the Infrared Light Curve of SN2010jl

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dwek, Eli; Sarangi, Arkaprabha; Arendt, Richard; Fox, Ori; Kallman, Timothy; Kazanas, Demosthenes

2018-01-01

SN2010jl is a luminous core-collapse supernova (CCSN) of Type IIn that is surrounded by a dense circumstellar medium (CSM). The supernova (SN) luminosity vastly exceeds the available power from radiactive elements in the ejecta, and is powered by the interaction of the SN shock wave with the ambient medium. Upper limits on the UV and near-IR (NIR) emission from pre-explosion images of the region suggest that any progenitor star was hidden by pre-existing CSM dust. After day ~80, the SN spectrum shows the development of an IR excess above the extrapolated UVO emission arising from the shocked CSM. This IR component is attributed to thermal emission from dust.After day ~300, the light curve exhibits a rise in the NIR luminosity, concurrent with a steep decline at UVO wavelengths. Ruling out any possible contribution of SN-condensed dust to the IR light curve, we show that the early IR emission arises from the pre-existing CSM dust that survived the flash of radiation from the shock breakout. The late IR emission arises from newly-formed CSM dust that condensed in the cooling dust-free postshock gas of the advancing SN shock wave. Our analysis presents the first detailed modeling of dust formation in a cooling postshock environment, and provides important insights into the interaction of the SN shock wave with the CSM.

Diffusive, Supersonic X-ray Transport in Foam Cylinders

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Back, Christina A.

1999-11-01

Diffusive supersonic radiation transport, where the ratio of the diffusive radiation front velocity to the material sound speed >2 has been studied in a series of laboratory experiments on low density foams. This work is of interest for radiation transport in basic science and astrophysics. The Marshak radiation wave transport is studied for both low and high Z foam materials and for different length foams in a novel hohlraum geometry that allows direct comparisons with 2-dimensional analytic models and code simulations. The radiation wave is created by a ~ 80 eV near blackbody 12-ns long drive or a ~ 200 eV 1.2-2.4 ns long drive generated by laser-heated Au hohlraums. The targets are SiO2 and Ta2O5 aerogel foams of varying lengths which span 10 to 50 mg/cc densities. Clean signatures of radiation breakout were observed by radially resolved face-on transmission measurements of the radiation flux at a photon energy of 250 eV or 550 eV. The high quality data provides new detailed information on the importance of both the fill and wall material opacities and heat capacities in determining the radiation front speed and curvature. note number.

Changes in In Situ Stress Across the Nankai and Cascadia Convergent Margins From Borehole Breakout Measurements During Ocean Drilling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

McNeill, L.; Moore, J. C.; Yamada, Y.; Chang, C.; Tobin, H.; Kinoshita, M.; Gulick, S.; Moore, G.; Iodp Exp. 314/315/316 Science Party, &

2008-12-01

Borehole breakouts are commonly observed in borehole images shortly after drilling of continental margin sites. This study aims to compile and compare these results to determine what in situ shallow stress measurements can tell us about the larger scale tectonic regime. Recent Logging While Drilling resistivity images across the Kumano transect of the Nankai subduction zone, during Expedition 314, Stage 1 of the IODP NanTroSEIZE project, add to this dataset. Expedition 314 site data within the prism (C0001, C0004, C0006, including the megasplay fault system which may overlie the seismogenic updip limit) suggest maximum compressive stress (SHmax) is perpendicular to the margin (not parallel to the convergence vector) but is rotated through 90° at the forearc basin site (C0002). These results may point to changes in stress state of the shallow forearc from east to west: compression in the aseismic active prism (with evidence of strain partitioning of oblique convergence); and extension above the updip seismogenic zone suggesting focus of plate coupling at the plate boundary and not in the shallow forearc. Further south, ODP Leg 196 drilled the prism toe (808) with breakouts indicating SHmax parallel to the convergence vector, in contrast to Exp. 314 results. The stress state in the shallow prism at Site 808 may be affected by nearby seamount subduction or may represent differences in strain partitioning. On the Cascadia margin, two drilling legs have collected LWD borehole images (Leg 204 and Exp. 311). Leg 204 drilled 3 sites at hydrate ridge in the C Cascadia outer prism with breakout orientations variable between closely spaced sites. Prism fold axes are parallel to the margin so we might expect SHmax perpendicular to the margin as in Exp. 314. Deviations from this orientation may reflect local and surface effects (Goldberg and Janik, 2006). Exp. 311, N Cascadia, drilled 5 sites across the prism with breakouts in LWD images. Subduction is not oblique here, in contrast to the other sites discussed, and most sites indicate SHmax almost parallel to convergence and normal to major fold axes. In one case, the in situ stress orientation is also compatible with shallow normal faulting from seismic data. Site 1325, in a slope basin, deviates from this orientation and may reflect local processes. Borehole breakouts within the shallow forearc of convergent margins are often in agreement with other indications of regional tectonic stress and may be indicative of processes at depth. Deviations may represent local stresses due to gravitational processes.

Integrated Fast-Ignition Core-Heating Experiments on OMEGA

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Theobald, W.

2010-11-01

Integrated fast-ignition core-heating experiments are carried out at the Omega Laser Facility. Plastic (CD) shell targets with a re-entrant gold cone are compressed with a ˜20-kJ, UV low-adiabat laser pulse. A 1-kJ, 10-ps pulse from OMEGA EP generates fast electrons in the hollow cone that are transported into the compressed core. The experiments demonstrate a significant enhancement of the neutron yield. The neutron-yield enhancement caused by the high-intensity pulse is 1.5 x 10^7, which is more than 150% of the implosion yield. For the first time, measurements of the breakout time of the compression-induced shock wave through the cone were performed for the same targets as used in the integrated experiments. The shock breakout was measured to be ˜100 ps after peak neutron production. The experiments demonstrate that the cone tip is intact at the time when the short-pulse laser interacts with the cone. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Inertial Confinement Fusion under Cooperative Agreement Nos. DE-FC52-08NA28302, DE-FC02-04ER54789, and DE-FG02-05ER54839. [4pt] In collaboration with A. A. Solodov, K. S. Anderson, R. Betti (LLE/FSC); C. Stoeckl, T.R. Boehly, R.S. Craxton, J.A. Delettrez, V.Yu. Glebov, J.P. Knauer, F.J. Marshall, K.L. Marshall, D.D. Meyerhofer,^ P.M. Nilson, T.C. Sangster, W. Seka (LLE); F.N. Beg (UCSD), H. Habara (ILE), P.K. Patel (LLNL), R.B. Stephens (GA); J.A. Frenje, N. Sinenian (PSFC/MIT).

Results of Performance Tests Performed on the John Watts WW Casing Connection on 7" Pipe

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

John D. Watts

2000-02-01

Stress Engineering Services (SES) was contracted by Mr. John Watts to test his ''WW'' threaded connection developed for oilfield oil and gas service. This work was a continuation of testing performed by SES as reported in August of 1999. The connection design tested was identified as ''WW''. The samples were all integral (no coupled connections) and contained a wedge thread form with 90{sup o} flank angles relative to the pipe centerline. The wedge thread form is a variable width thread that primarily engages on the flanks. This thread form provides very high torque capacity and good stabbing ability and makeup.more » The test procedure selected for one of the samples was the newly written ISO 13679 procedure for full scale testing of casing and tubing connections, which is currently going through the ISO acceptance process. The ISO procedure requires a variety of tests that includes makeup/breakout testing, internal gas sealability/external water sealability testing with axial tension, axial compression, bending, internal gas thermal cycle tests and limit load (failure) tests. This test procedure was performed with one sample. Four samples were tested to failure. Table 1 contains a summary of the tasks performed by SES. The project started with the delivery of test samples by Mr. Watts. Pipe from the previous round of tests was used for the new samples. Figure 1 shows the structural and sealing results relative to the pipe body. Sample 1 was used to determine the torque capacity of the connection. Torque was applied to the capacity of SES's equipment which was 28,424 ft-lbs. From this, an initial recommended torque range of 7,200 to 8,800 ft-lbs. was selected. The sample was disassembled and while there was no galling observed in the threads, the end of the pin had collapsed inward. Sample 2 received three makeups. Breakouts 1 and 2 also had collapsing of the pin end, with no thread galling. From these make/breaks, it was decided to reduce the amount of lubricant applied to the connection by applying it to the box or pin only and reducing the amount applied. Samples 3 and 4 received one makeup only. Sample 5 initially received two make/breaks to test for galling resistance before final makeup, No galling was observed. Later, three additional make/breaks were performed with no pin end collapse and galling over 1/2 a thread occurring on one of the breakouts. During the make/break tests, the stabbing and hand tight makeup of the WW connection was found to be very easy and trouble free. There was no tendency to crossthread, even when stabbed at an angle, and it screwed together very smoothly up to hand tight. During power tight makeup, there was no heat generated in the box (as checked by hand contact) and no jerkiness associated with any of the makeups or breakouts. Sample 2 was tested in pure compression. The maximum load obtained was 1,051 kips and the connection was beginning to significantly deform as the sample buckled. Actual pipe yield was 1,226 kips. Sample 3 was capped-end pressure tested to failure. The capped-end yield pressure of the pipe was 16,572 psi and the sample began to leak at 12,000 psi. Sample 4 was tested in pure tension. The maximum load obtained was 978 kips and the connection failed by fracture at the pin critical section. Actual pipe yield was 1,226 kips. Sample 5 was tested in combined tension/compression and internal gas pressure. The sample was assembled, setup and tested four times. The first time was with a torque of 7,298 ft-lbs and the connection leaked halfway to ISO Load Point 2 with loads of 693 kips and 4,312 psi. The second time the torque was increased to 14,488 ft-lbs and a leak occurred at 849 kips and 9,400 psi, which was ISO Load Point 2. The third time the makeup torque was again increased, to 20,456 ft-lbs, and a leak occurred at 716 kips and 11,342 psi, ISO Load Point 4. The fourth test was with the same torque as before, 20,617 ft-lbs, and the connection successfully tested up to load step 56, ISO Load Point 6 (second round) before leaking at 354 kips and 11,876 psi. At this point, time and funds prevented additional testing to be performed.« less

An extremely luminous X-ray outburst at the birth of a supernova

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Soderberg, A. M.; Berger, E.; Page, K. L.; Schady, P.; Parrent, J.; Pooley, D.; Wang, X.-Y.; Ofek, E. O.; Cucchiara, A.; Rau, A.; Waxman, E.; Simon, J. D.; Bock, D. C.-J.; Milne, P. A.; Page, M. J.; Barentine, J. C.; Barthelmy, S. D.; Beardmore, A. P.; Bietenholz, M. F.; Brown, P.; Burrows, A.; Burrows, D. N.; Byrngelson, G.; Cenko, S. B.; Chandra, P.; Cummings, J. R.; Fox, D. B.; Gal-Yam, A.; Gehrels, N.; Immler, S.; Kasliwal, M.; Kong, A. K. H.; Krimm, H. A.; Kulkarni, S. R.; Maccarone, T. J.; Mészáros, P.; Nakar, E.; O'Brien, P. T.; Overzier, R. A.; de Pasquale, M.; Racusin, J.; Rea, N.; York, D. G.

2008-05-01

Massive stars end their short lives in spectacular explosions-supernovae-that synthesize new elements and drive galaxy evolution. Historically, supernovae were discovered mainly through their `delayed' optical light (some days after the burst of neutrinos that marks the actual event), preventing observations in the first moments following the explosion. As a result, the progenitors of some supernovae and the events leading up to their violent demise remain intensely debated. Here we report the serendipitous discovery of a supernova at the time of the explosion, marked by an extremely luminous X-ray outburst. We attribute the outburst to the `break-out' of the supernova shock wave from the progenitor star, and show that the inferred rate of such events agrees with that of all core-collapse supernovae. We predict that future wide-field X-ray surveys will catch each year hundreds of supernovae in the act of exploding.

Exploring transient X-ray sky with Einstein Probe

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yuan, W.; Zhang, C.; Ling, Z.; Zhao, D.; Chen, Y.; Lu, F.; Zhang, S.

2017-10-01

The Einstein Probe is a small satellite in time-domain astronomy to monitor the soft X-ray sky. It is a small mission in the space science programme of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. It will carry out systematic survey and characterisation of high-energy transients at unprecedented sensitivity, spatial resolution, Grasp and monitoring cadence. Its wide-field imaging capability is achieved by using established technology of micro-pore lobster-eye X-ray focusing optics. Complementary to this is X-ray follow-up capability enabled by a narrow-field X-ray telescope. It is capable of on-board triggering and real time downlink of transient alerts, in order to trigger fast follow-up observations at multi-wavelengths. Its scientific goals are concerned with discovering and characterising diverse types of X-ray transients, including tidal disruption events, supernova shock breakouts, high-redshift GRBs, and of particular interest, X-ray counterparts of gravitational wave events.

An extremely luminous X-ray outburst at the birth of a supernova.

PubMed

Soderberg, A M; Berger, E; Page, K L; Schady, P; Parrent, J; Pooley, D; Wang, X-Y; Ofek, E O; Cucchiara, A; Rau, A; Waxman, E; Simon, J D; Bock, D C-J; Milne, P A; Page, M J; Barentine, J C; Barthelmy, S D; Beardmore, A P; Bietenholz, M F; Brown, P; Burrows, A; Burrows, D N; Bryngelson, G; Byrngelson, G; Cenko, S B; Chandra, P; Cummings, J R; Fox, D B; Gal-Yam, A; Gehrels, N; Immler, S; Kasliwal, M; Kong, A K H; Krimm, H A; Kulkarni, S R; Maccarone, T J; Mészáros, P; Nakar, E; O'Brien, P T; Overzier, R A; de Pasquale, M; Racusin, J; Rea, N; York, D G

2008-05-22

Massive stars end their short lives in spectacular explosions--supernovae--that synthesize new elements and drive galaxy evolution. Historically, supernovae were discovered mainly through their 'delayed' optical light (some days after the burst of neutrinos that marks the actual event), preventing observations in the first moments following the explosion. As a result, the progenitors of some supernovae and the events leading up to their violent demise remain intensely debated. Here we report the serendipitous discovery of a supernova at the time of the explosion, marked by an extremely luminous X-ray outburst. We attribute the outburst to the 'break-out' of the supernova shock wave from the progenitor star, and show that the inferred rate of such events agrees with that of all core-collapse supernovae. We predict that future wide-field X-ray surveys will catch each year hundreds of supernovae in the act of exploding.

X-Ray Radiography of Laser-Driven Shocks for Inertial Confinement Fusion

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kar, A.; Radha, P. B.; Edgell, D. H.; Hu, S. X.; Boehly, T. R.; Goncharov, V. N.; Regan, S. P.; Shvydky, A.

2017-10-01

Side-on x-ray radiography of shock waves transiting through the planar plastic ablator and cryogenic fuel layer will be used to study shock timing, shock coalescence, shock breakout, and hydrodynamic mixing at the ablator-fuel interface. The injection of ablator material into the fuel can potentially compromise implosion target performance. The difference in refractive indices of the ablator and the fuel can be exploited to image shocks transiting the interface. An experiment to probe the ablator-fuel interface and a postprocessor to the hydrodynamic code DRACO that uses refraction enhanced imaging to view shocks are presented. The advantages of this technique to view shocks are explored and additional applications such as viewing the spatial location of multiple shocks, or the evolution of nonuniformity on shock fronts are discussed. This material is based upon work supported by the Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration under Award Number DE-NA0001944.

Equation-of-state dependent features in shock-oscillation modulated neutrino and gravitational-wave signals from supernovae

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Marek, A.; Janka, H.-T.; Müller, E.

2009-03-01

We present two-dimensional (axisymmetric) neutrino-hydrodynamic simulations of the long-time accretion phase of a 15 M_⊙ progenitor star after core bounce and before the launch of a supernova explosion, when non-radial hydrodynamic instabilities like convection occur in different regions of the collapsing stellar core and the standing accretion shock instability (SASI) leads to large-amplitude oscillations of the stalled shock with a period of tens of milliseconds. Our simulations were performed with the Prometheus-Vertex code, which includes a multi-flavor, energy-dependent neutrino transport scheme and employs an effective relativistic gravitational potential. Testing the influence of a stiff and a soft equation of state for hot neutron star matter, we find that the non-radial mass motions in the supernova core impose a time variability on the neutrino and gravitational-wave signals with larger amplitudes, as well as higher frequencies in the case of a more compact nascent neutron star. After the prompt shock-breakout burst of electron neutrinos, a more compact accreting remnant produces higher neutrino luminosities and higher mean neutrino energies. The observable neutrino emission in the SASI sloshing direction exhibits a modulation of several ten percent in the luminosities and around 1 MeV in the mean energies with most power at typical SASI frequencies between roughly 20 and 100 Hz. The modulation is caused by quasi-periodic variations in the mass accretion rate of the neutron star in each hemisphere. At times later than ~50-100 ms after bounce, the gravitational-wave amplitude is dominated by the growing low-frequency (⪉200 Hz) signal associated with anisotropic neutrino emission. A high-frequency wave signal results from nonradial gas flows in the outer layers of the anisotropically accreting neutron star. Right after bounce such nonradial mass motions occur due to prompt post-shock convection in both considered cases and contribute mostly to the early wave production around 100 Hz. Later they are instigated by the SASI and by convective overturn that vigorously stir the neutrino-heating and cooling layers, and also by convective activity developing below the neutrinosphere. The gravitational-wave power then peaks at about 300-800 Hz, connected to changes in the mass quadrupole moment on a timescale of milliseconds. Distinctively higher spectral frequencies originate from the more compact and more rapidly contracting neutron star. Both the neutrino and gravitational-wave emission therefore carry information that is characteristic of the properties of the nuclear equation of state in the hot remnant. The detectability of the SASI effects in the neutrino and gravitational-wave signals is briefly discussed.

The Cordón Caulle rhyolite lava flow: an exceptional case study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Magnall, N.; James, M. R.; Tuffen, H.; Schipper, C. I.; Castro, J. M.; Vye-Brown, C.; Davies, A. G.; Farquharson, J.

2017-12-01

Rhyolites comprise the most silica-rich lavas, and rhyolitic lava flows can reach tens of kilometres in length. Interpretations of ancient and historic rhyolite lava flows suggest protracted emplacement due to relatively slow cooling of these massive bodies and have identified late stage events such as the formation of pumice diapirs. However, our understanding of emplacement processes has long remained limited by the lack of observations from an active flow. The 2011-2012 eruption of Puyehue-Cordón Caulle in southern Chile resulted in the first scientifically observed emplacement of an extensive (0.4 km3, 5 km long), crystal-poor rhyolite lava flow and has provided an unparalleled opportunity to further our understanding of flow dynamics. Here, we summarise our work on this lava flow, which has combined satellite and field observations, microstructural characterisation of samples, and numerical modelling. Early observations showed that advance of the 40 m thick flow stalled after 150 days of eruption, due to interactions with topographic barriers and the formation of a retarding surface crust. Following this, numerous breakouts formed from the flow fronts and margins, attaining lengths of ≤2 km. Microstructural characterisation supports the model that the breakouts formed due to continued lava supply to the stalled portions of the flow front along preferential thermal pathways, coupled with late-stage vesiculation of the flow core. This led to pressure increase, inflation, and eventual rupturing of the surface crust. These breakouts have been classified into four morphological types (domed, petaloid, rubbly, and cleft split) that reflect processes of advance and inflation. Some breakouts continued to advance and form after the eruption ended, with numerical modelling and direct observations suggesting mobility of the lava years after the eruption ended. Unlike other rhyolite flows, pumice diapirs were not observed at Cordón Caulle, instead late stage volatile exsolution (with associated vapour-phase cristobalite formation), core vesiculation, and resultant inflation contributed to breakout formation. Insights gained from Cordón Caulle aid in the interpretation of ancient silicic lavas and help anticipate the hazards posed by future, potentially lengthy, eruptions of rhyolitic lava.

Lunar Regolith Biomining: Workshop Report

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dalton, Bonnie P.; Roberto, Frank F.

2008-01-01

On May 5th and 6th, 2007, NASA Ames Research Center hosted a workshop entitled 'Lunar Regolith Biomining'. The workshop addressed the feasibility of biologically-based mining of the lunar regolith along with identification of views and concepts for moving this topic forward to NASA. Workshop presentations provided background in topics of interest that served as the foundation for discussion in the subsequent breakout sessions. The first topical area included the history, status, and issues with biomining on Earth to familiarize all attendees with current activities. These presentations related the primary considerations in existing biomining, e.g., microbes of choice, pH of reactions, time and temperature, specific mining applications and locations, and benefits and/or limitations of biomining. The second area reviewed existing research efforts addressing biomining of planetary surfaces (Mars, Moon), including microbial considerations, and chemical necessities in biomining and biofuel production. The last element pertained to other non-biological considerations and influences in biomining efforts on the lunar surface such as radiation fluxes and effects, and the application of small satellite experiments to learn more about the lunar and Martian surfaces. Following the presentations, the workshop attendees divided into three breakout sessions to discuss areas of interest in greater detail and to define next steps in determining the feasibility of lunar regolith biomining. Topics for each of the three breakout sessions included: 1) bio-communities of choice, target product(s), and suggested ground studies; 2) physical/environmental issues and ground studies; and 3) the development of reference experiments for the Astrobiology Small payloads Workshop. The results of the breakout sessions are summarized and a list of participants is included.

Aspherical Supernovae: Effects on Early Light Curves

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Afsariardchi, Niloufar; Matzner, Christopher D.

2018-04-01

Early light from core-collapse supernovae, now detectable in high-cadence surveys, holds clues to a star and its environment just before it explodes. However, effects that alter the early light have not been fully explored. We highlight the possibility of nonradial flows at the time of shock breakout. These develop in sufficiently nonspherical explosions if the progenitor is not too diffuse. When they do develop, nonradial flows limit ejecta speeds and cause ejecta–ejecta collisions. We explore these phenomena and their observational implications using global, axisymmetric, nonrelativistic FLASH simulations of simplified polytropic progenitors, which we scale to representative stars. We develop a method to track photon production within the ejecta, enabling us to estimate band-dependent light curves from adiabatic simulations. Immediate breakout emission becomes hidden as an oblique flow develops. Nonspherical effects lead the shock-heated ejecta to release a more constant luminosity at a higher, evolving color temperature at early times, effectively mixing breakout light with the early light curve. Collisions between nonradial ejecta thermalize a small fraction of the explosion energy; we will address emission from these collisions in a subsequent paper.

Kiso Supernova Survey (KISS): Survey strategy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Morokuma, Tomoki; Tominaga, Nozomu; Tanaka, Masaomi; Mori, Kensho; Matsumoto, Emiko; Kikuchi, Yuki; Shibata, Takumi; Sako, Shigeyuki; Aoki, Tsutomu; Doi, Mamoru; Kobayashi, Naoto; Maehara, Hiroyuki; Matsunaga, Noriyuki; Mito, Hiroyuki; Miyata, Takashi; Nakada, Yoshikazu; Soyano, Takao; Tarusawa, Ken'ichi; Miyazaki, Satoshi; Nakata, Fumiaki; Okada, Norio; Sarugaku, Yuki; Richmond, Michael W.; Akitaya, Hiroshi; Aldering, Greg; Arimatsu, Ko; Contreras, Carlos; Horiuchi, Takashi; Hsiao, Eric Y.; Itoh, Ryosuke; Iwata, Ikuru; Kawabata, Koji S.; Kawai, Nobuyuki; Kitagawa, Yutaro; Kokubo, Mitsuru; Kuroda, Daisuke; Mazzali, Paolo; Misawa, Toru; Moritani, Yuki; Morrell, Nidia; Okamoto, Rina; Pavlyuk, Nikolay; Phillips, Mark M.; Pian, Elena; Sahu, Devendra; Saito, Yoshihiko; Sano, Kei; Stritzinger, Maximilian D.; Tachibana, Yutaro; Taddia, Francesco; Takaki, Katsutoshi; Tateuchi, Ken; Tomita, Akihiko; Tsvetkov, Dmitry; Ui, Takahiro; Ukita, Nobuharu; Urata, Yuji; Walker, Emma S.; Yoshii, Taketoshi

2014-12-01

The Kiso Supernova Survey (KISS) is a high-cadence optical wide-field supernova (SN) survey. The primary goal of the survey is to catch the very early light of a SN, during the shock breakout phase. Detection of SN shock breakouts combined with multi-band photometry obtained with other facilities would provide detailed physical information on the progenitor stars of SNe. The survey is performed using a 2.2° × 2.2° field-of-view instrument on the 1.05-m Kiso Schmidt telescope, the Kiso Wide Field Camera (KWFC). We take a 3-min exposure in g-band once every hour in our survey, reaching magnitude g ˜ 20-21. About 100 nights of telescope time per year have been spent on the survey since 2012 April. The number of the shock breakout detections is estimated to be of the order of 1 during our three-year project. This paper summarizes the KISS project including the KWFC observing setup, the survey strategy, the data reduction system, and CBET-reported SNe discovered so far by KISS.

Galex and Pan-STARRS1 Discovery of SN IIP 2010aq: The First Few Days After Shock Breakout in a Red Supergiant Star

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-09-01

compare the late- time (φ > 3 d) UV/optical light curve of SN 2010aq with two nearby Type IIP SNe well studied in the UV and optical with the Swift satellite ...following SN shock breakout in a red supergiant star. SN 2010aq was discovered in joint monitoring between the Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) Time ...simultaneous UV and optical photometry allows us to fit for a progenitor star radius of 700± 200R, the size of a red supergiant star. An excess in UV emission

Application of ALD Images and Caliper Data for the breakout analysis from the wells which were drilled in the Caspian Sea of the Azerbaijan Republic

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Amirov, Elnur

2016-04-01

Wellbore instability while drilling, trip in or trip out can be cause of nonproductive time (NPT). Mainly this is the drilling surprises often encountered while drilling, trip in or trip out which were not predicted in advance, monitored, interpreted or recognized properly, which can give rise to wellbore instability problems. These surprises include also formation tops, overpressure zones occurring at different depths than predicted and the presence of unexpected faults or other fractured/fissile/compartmentalization zones. In general while drilling the wells, downhole PWD data cannot be very useful for understanding wellbore stability. Much of what we can use is indirect measurements such as torque and drag observations, rpm, vibrations, cavings, annular pressure measurements and etc. In order to understand what is going on in the subsurface and therefore mitigate the wellbore instability problems, we need more information from LWD (logging while drilling) tools. In order to monitor and get direct observations of the state of the borehole we need to determine where, how and in which direction the wellbore is failing and enlargement is taking place. LWD calipers and wellbore Azimuthal Lithodensity Images can provide such information for breakout analysis while drilling, trip in and trip out activity. The modes of wellbore instability can be generated in different ways and through different mechanisms. Therefore these zones of breakout can be potentially identified by the ALD imaging and LWD caliper tools. Instability can be governed by a combination of factors such as: the strength of the rock, the subsurface stress field, maximum and minimum horizontal stresses, pre-existing planes of weakness, the angle of the wellbore which intersects with these planes of weakness and chemical reaction of the rock (minerals) with the drilling fluid. Compressional failure (breakout) of an isotropic rock can occur when the compressive stresses around the borehole exceed the compressive strength of the rock. This can create the enlargement of the borehole with two failure zones opposite to each other with circumference at 180 degrees (for instance top side vs bottom side of the borehole or right side vs left side of the borehole). The image tracks for Rhob (density), Pe (photoelectric absorption) and Caliper can show the data such as edges of the track from the top, right, bottom and left sides of the hole (the center of the track is the bottom side of the borehole). Generally the color gradation (different spectrums) can be used in order to show the orientation change in the measurement around the wellbore. The azimuthal density, Pe, and Caliper data can be pointed and visualized as a log curves which can represent the average of all available data (an average of the top, right, bottom and left sides (or quadrants) or as 8 (RT) or 16 (RM) individual bins and as an ALD Image log. In addition, the Caliper data can give us information about the diameter and geometry of the borehole while drilling, trip in and trip out activities (for more detailed breakout analysis and interpretations). This paper (abstract) will present the results of a breakout analysis conducted from the wells which were drilled in the Caspian Sea of the Azerbaijan Republic in order to evaluate the available ALD images, caliper information and eventually incorporation of all available data into the wellbore stability monitoring service (breakout analysis).

Analysis of borehole televiewer measurements in the Vorotilov drillhole, Russia - First results

USGS Publications Warehouse

Huber, K.; Fuchs, K.; Palmer, J.; Roth, F.; Khakhaev, B.N.; Van-Kin, L. E.; Pevzner, L.A.; Hickman, S.; Moos, D.; Zoback, M.D.; Schmitt, D.

1997-01-01

In the Eurasian part of the World Stress Map almost the whole region east of the Tornquist-Teisseyre line is terra incognita. The closure of this information gap is of fundamental importance to the understanding of the geodynamics of the Eurasian continent. A detailed analysis of stress-induced wellbore breakouts has been performed over a 4.1-km-long depth interval in the Vorotilov drillhole (VGS). The borehole is located in the central part of the Russian platform, right in the center of the Vorotilov meteorite impact crater 60 km to the NNE of the city of Nizni Novgorod. An ultrasonic borehole televiewer (BHTV) was used to obtain high-resolution acoustical images from the borehole wall. With an interactive system for analyzing BHTV data the azimuth and shape of borehole breakouts occurring in the depth range of 1.3-4.8 km were analyzed. A statistical analysis of the resulting orientation profile of the breakout azimuths yields an overall direction of the maximum horizontal principal stress SH of N 137??E ?? 15??. Variations of breakout orientation with depth ranging from a few degrees up to more than 90?? are seen on various depth scales. The observed stress direction of N 137??E agrees very well with the average SH orientation of N 145??E in Central Europe. If this measurement is taken as representative for the Russian platform, the stress field in Russia is only slightly rotated in comparison to Central Europe. This can possibly be interpreted as indicative for the stress field to be governed by broad scale tectonic forces, such as a strong contribution from the forces exerted by the collision zone in the Alpine-Himalayan belt and by the Mid-Atlantic ridge.

Stress Orientations in the Fort Worth Basin, Texas, Determined from Earthquake Focal Mechanisms

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Quinones, L. A.; DeShon, H. R.

2017-12-01

Since October 2008 the Fort Worth Basin (FWB), an active shale gas production field in northeastern Texas, has experienced over 30 M3.0+ earthquakes, including one M4.0. These events have primarily occurred on faults in the Precambrian basement and within the overlying Ellenburger Limestone formation, which acts as the primary wastewater disposal unit in the FWB. We generate focal mechanism catalogs for the 2013-2015 Azle-Reno, 2014-present Irving-Dallas, and 2015 Venus earthquake sequences using P-wave first motion and S-to-P wave amplitude ratio data collected from the local seismic networks operating in the region. The mechanisms show little variability when compared to natural intraplate sequences, and are most consistent with failure on NE-SW striking normal faults. Stress inversions indicate maximum regional horizontal stress in the basement strikes 20-30° N of E, consistent with shallower borehole breakout data for the basin, and within this stress regime that all seismogenic faults in the FWB are optimally oriented for failure. We show via Mohr circle diagrams that small stress perturbations on these preexisting basement faults, of magnitudes similar to those observed or modeled to be associated with wastewater disposal, are capable of inducing the earthquakes that occurred in the Azle-Reno, Irving-Dallas, and Venus earthquake sequences.

Appraisal of Army Training Battle Simulation System (ARTBASS) Training Test Validation Phase

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-07-01

DISTRIBUTION: Primary di>i#*w«*QQof this report has betnmtUJn ARI. Please address corre- spondend^^ncerning dimfcution of re& tmj ^o: U.S...c. A penetration d. A breakout 41. A commander organizes his force into a rupture force, main body, reserves and rear guard in order to conduct...occupied by Tm A, 1st Bn (MECH), 77th Inf prior to an attack. B-18 26. It la best to’ conduct a minefield breaching operation a. At night . b. At dann

The DREO (Defence Research Establishment Ottawa) Inertial Navigation Laboratory: Development and Test Capabilities,

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-06-01

TABLE AND ASSOCIATED ELECTRONICS The laboratory motion table is a Contraves -Goerz Corporation Model 57CD, two-axis table controlled by a 30H MPACS...Figure 2-2 Contraves -Goerz 57CD/30H 2-axis Motion Table rr r Vr 14 Ow6 7.a Figr 2- Motion Tal oto lcrnc +,4W Figure 2-4 Table Top Breakouts and Fixturing...noted that both power supplies are synch loss and line power protected preventing overshoot during power supply recovery after failure. 2.4

Sleep medicine is coming of age in military medicine : Report from the Military Health System Research Symposium (2017) in Kissimmee, Florida.

PubMed

Eliasson, Arn H; Lettieri, Christopher; Netzer, Nikolaus

2018-05-01

In August 2017, the US Military Health System held its sixth annual Research Symposium for medical researchers from the US Army, Navy, Air Force, and Public Health Service. The symposium provides a collaborative environment for academia, industry, and military researchers who address advancement in areas of Combat Casualty Care, Military Operational Medicine, Clinical and Rehabilitative Medicine, and Military Infectious Diseases. This year, Sleep Medicine received substantial attention with presentations scattered throughout the program, poster presentations as well as a scheduled breakout session with podium presentations. A brief description of the breakout session follows.

Estimation of in-situ Stress Magnitudes and Orientations in a Deep South African Gold Mine: Applications to Fault Mechanics and Mine Safety

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lucier, A. M.; Heesakkers, V.; Zoback, M. D.; Reches, Z.

2006-12-01

As part of the Natural Earthquake Laboratory in South African Mines (NELSAM) project, we are investigating the far-field in-situ stress state around the TauTona gold mine. The far-field stress state is used as a boundary condition to quantify the stresses within the active mining area, and to evaluate the potential for reactivation of existing faults (or creation of new faults) in the NELSAM study area. Our main goals are to gain insight into earthquake processes under induced faulting conditions and to guide mining practices in improving underground seismic safety. To characterize in-situ stresses, we use an integrated stress measurement strategy that incorporates rock properties with breakout and drilling-induced tensile fracture observations from camera log images of several boreholes in the NELSAM study area at a depth of 3.5 km below the ground surface. The quantification of the far-field in-situ stress state is based on breakouts observed in a sub-horizontal borehole that extends 418 m away from the mined region and intersects the Pretorius fault, the largest fault-zone in the mine. The location, width and orientation of these breakouts were interpreted along the length of the borehole. Breakouts occur along most of the length of the borehole, with widths ranging from 25-95 deg and orientations fluctuating up to 45 deg around the sidewalls of the borehole. The fluctuations in breakout orientations are presumably due to slip on fault segments, and modeling these fluctuations provides constraints on the far-field stress state. Rock properties (uniaxial compressive strength, Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio) from on-going laboratory experiments will further constrain the stress magnitudes. The results of the stress characterization in this long borehole have been compared with independent stress determinations made in several 10-40 m long boreholes within the mined region to ensure consistency between the modeled far-field stress magnitudes and the observed near-field stresses. Our preliminary results indicate a normal faulting to normal/strike-slip stress state. Once a final stress model has been obtained, we will use it to assess the potential for fault reactivation and to predict future stress changes associated with further mining operations. The study was supported by NSF Continental Dynamics grant 0409605.

Thermal mapping of a pāhoehoe lava flow, Kīlauea Volcano

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Patrick, Matthew; Orr, Tim; Fisher, Gary; Trusdell, Frank; Kauahikaua, James

2017-02-01

Pāhoehoe lava flows are a major component of Hawaiian eruptive activity, and an important part of basaltic volcanism worldwide. In recent years, pāhoehoe lava has destroyed homes and threatened parts of Hawai'i with inundation and disruption. In this study, we use oblique helicopter-borne thermal images to create high spatial resolution ( 1 m) georeferenced thermal maps of the active pāhoehoe flow on Kīlauea Volcano's East Rift Zone. Thermal maps were created on 27 days during 2014-2016 in the course of operational monitoring, encompassing a phase of activity that threatened the town of Pāhoa. Our results illustrate and reinforce how pāhoehoe flows are multicomponent systems consisting of the vent, master tube, distributary tubes, and surface breakouts. The thermal maps accurately depict the distribution and character of pāhoehoe breakouts through time, and also delineate the subsurface lava tube. Surface breakouts were distributed widely across the pāhoehoe flow, with significant portions concurrently active well upslope of the flow front, often concentrated in clusters of activity that evolved through time. Gradual changes to surface breakout distribution and migration relate to intrinsic processes in the flow, including the slow evolution of the distributary tube system. Abrupt disruptions to this system, and the creation of new breakouts (and associated hazards), were triggered by extrinsic forcing-namely fluctuations in lava supply rate at the vent which disrupted the master lava tube. Although the total area of a pāhoehoe flow has been suggested to relate to effusion rate, our results show that changes in the proportion of expansion vs. overplating can complicate this relationship. By modifying existing techniques, we estimate time-averaged discharge rates for the flow during 2014-2016 generally in the range of 1-2 m3 s- 1 (mean: 1.3 ± 0.4 m3 s- 1)-less than half of Kīlauea's typical eruption rate on the East Rift Zone and suggestive of a weak eruptive regime during 2014-2016. We caution, however, that this discharge rate approach requires further independent corroboration. The thermal maps provide the first synoptic characterization of pāhoehoe flow activity at high spatial resolution, essential both for operational hazard assessment and fundamental understanding of pāhoehoe behavior.

Suicidality and risk of suicide--definition, drug safety concerns, and a necessary target for drug development: a brief report.

PubMed

Meyer, Roger E; Salzman, Carl; Youngstrom, Eric A; Clayton, Paula J; Goodwin, Frederick K; Mann, J John; Alphs, Larry D; Broich, Karl; Goodman, Wayne K; Greden, John F; Meltzer, Herbert Y; Normand, Sharon-Lise T; Posner, Kelly; Shaffer, David; Oquendo, Maria A; Stanley, Barbara; Trivedi, Madhukar H; Turecki, Gustavo; Beasley, Charles M; Beautrais, Annette L; Bridge, Jeffrey A; Brown, Gregory K; Revicki, Dennis A; Ryan, Neal D; Sheehan, David V

2010-08-01

To address issues concerning potential treatment-emergent "suicidality," a consensus conference was convened March 23-24, 2009. This gathering of participants from academia, government, and industry brought together experts in suicide prevention, clinical trial design, psychometrics, pharmacoepidemiology, and genetics, as well as research psychiatrists involved in studies in studies of psychiatric disorders associated with elevated suicide risk across the life cycle. The process involved reviews of the relevant literature, and a series of 6 breakout sessions focused on specific questions of interest. Each of the participants at the meeting received references relevant to the formal presentations (as well as the slides for the presentations) for their review prior to the meeting. In addition, the assessment instruments of suicidal ideation/behavior were reviewed in relationship to standard measures of validity, reliability, and clinical utility, and these findings were discussed at length in relevant breakout groups, in the final plenary session, and in the preparation of the article. Consensus and dissenting views were noted. Discussion and questions followed each formal presentation during the plenary sessions. Approximately 6 questions per breakout group were prepared in advance by members of the Steering Committee and each breakout group chair. Consensus in the breakout groups was achieved by nominal group process. Consensus recommendations and any dissent were reviewed for each breakout group at the final plenary session. All plenary sessions were recorded and transcribed by a court stenographer. Following the transcript, with input by each of the authors, the final paper went through 14 drafts. The output of the meeting was organized into this brief report and the accompanying full article from which it is distilled. The full article was developed by the authors with feedback from all participants at the meeting and represents a consensus view. Any areas of disagreement at the conference have been noted in the text. The term suicidality is not as clinically useful as more specific terminology (ideation, behavior, attempts, and suicide). Most participants applauded the FDA's encouragement of standard definitions and definable expectations for investigators and industry sponsors. Further research of available assessment instruments is needed to verify their utility, reliability, and validity in identifying suicide-associated treatment-emergent adverse effects and/or a signal of efficacy in suicide prevention trials. The FDA needs to systematically monitor postmarketing events by encouraging the development of a validated instrument for postmarketing surveillance of suicidal ideation, behavior, and risk. Over time, the FDA, industry, and clinical researchers should evaluate the impact of the requirement that all central nervous system clinical drug trials must include a Columbia Classification Algorithm of Suicide Assessment (C-CASA)-compatible screening instrument for assessing and documenting the occurrence of treatment-emergent suicidal ideation and behavior. Finally, patients at high risk for suicide can safely be included in clinical trials, if proper precautions are followed. Copyright 2010 Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc.

Single progenitor model for GW150914 and GW170104

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

D'Orazio, Daniel J.; Loeb, Abraham

2018-04-01

The merger of stellar-mass black holes (BHs) is not expected to generate detectable electromagnetic (EM) emission. However, the gravitational wave (GW) events GW150914 and GW170104, detected by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory to be the result of merging, ˜60 M⊙ binary black holes (BBHs), each have claimed coincident gamma-ray emission. Motivated by the intriguing possibility of an EM counterpart to BBH mergers, we construct a model that can reproduce the observed EM and GW signals for GW150914- and GW170104-like events, from a single-star progenitor. Following Loeb [Astrophys. J. Lett. 819, L21 (2016), 10.3847/2041-8205/819/2/L21], we envision a massive, rapidly rotating star within which a rotating-bar instability fractures the core into two overdensities that fragment into clumps which merge to form BHs in a tight binary with arbitrary spin-orbit alignment. Once formed, the BBH inspirals due to gas and gravitational-wave drag until tidal forces trigger strong feeding of the BHs with the surrounding stellar-density gas about 10 sec before merger. The resulting giga-Eddington accretion peak launches a jet that breaks out of the progenitor star and drives a powerful outflow that clears the gas from the orbit of the binary within 1 sec, preserving the vacuum GW waveform in the Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory band. The single-progenitor scenario predicts the existence of variability of the gamma-ray burst, modulated at the ˜0.2 sec chirping period of the BBH due to relativistic Doppler boost. The jet breakout should be accompanied by a low-luminosity supernova. Finally, because the BBHs of the single-progenitor model do not exist at large separations, they will not be detectable in the low-frequency gravitational-wave band of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna. Hence, the single-progenitor BBHs will be unambiguously discernible from BBHs formed through alternate, double-progenitor evolution scenarios.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mayer, J.

The U. S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Office of Environmental Management (EM) has the responsibility for cleaning up 60 sites in 22 states that were associated with the legacy of the nation's nuclear weapons program and other research and development activities. These sites are unique and many of the technologies needed to successfully disposition the associated wastes have yet to be developed or would require significant re-engineering to be adapted for future EM cleanup efforts. In 2008, the DOE-EM Engineering and Technology Program (EM-22) released the Engineering and Technology Roadmap in response to Congressional direction and the need to focusmore » on longer term activities required for the completion of the aforementioned cleanup program. One of the strategic initiatives included in the Roadmap was to enhance long term performance monitoring as defined by 'Develop and deploy cost effective long-term strategies and technologies to monitor closure sites (including soil, groundwater, and surface water) with multiple contaminants (organics, metals and radionuclides) to verify integrated long-term cleanup performance'. To support this long-term monitoring (LTM) strategic initiative, EM 22 and the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) organized and held an interactive symposia, known as the 2009 DOE-EM Long-Term Monitoring Technical Forum, to define and prioritize LTM improvement strategies and products that could be realized within a 3 to 5 year investment time frame. This near-term focus on fundamental research would then be used as a foundation for development of applied programs to improve the closure and long-term performance of EM's legacy waste sites. The Technical Forum was held in Atlanta, GA on February 11-12, 2009, and attended by 57 professionals with a focus on identifying those areas of opportunity that would most effectively advance the transition of the current practices to a more effective strategy for the LTM paradigm. The meeting format encompassed three break-out sessions, which focused on needs and opportunities associated with the following LTM technical areas: (1) Performance Monitoring Tools, (2) Systems, and (3) Information Management. The specific objectives of the Technical Forum were to identify: (1) technical targets for reducing EM costs for life-cycle monitoring; (2) cost-effective approaches and tools to support the transition from active to passive remedies at EM waste sites; and (3) specific goals and objectives associated with the lifecycle monitoring initiatives outlined within the Roadmap. The first Breakout Session on LTM performance measurement tools focused on the integration and improvement of LTM performance measurement and monitoring tools that deal with parameters such as ecosystems, boundary conditions, geophysics, remote sensing, biomarkers, ecological indicators and other types of data used in LTM configurations. Although specific tools were discussed, it was recognized that the Breakout Session could not comprehensively discuss all monitoring technologies in the time provided. Attendees provided key references where other organizations have assessed monitoring tools. Three investment sectors were developed in this Breakout Session. The second Breakout Session was on LTM systems. The focus of this session was to identify new and inventive LTM systems addressing the framework for interactive parameters such as infrastructure, sensors, diagnostic features, field screening tools, state of the art characterization monitoring systems/concepts, and ecosystem approaches to site conditions and evolution. LTM systems consist of the combination of data acquisition and management efforts, data processing and analysis efforts and reporting tools. The objective of the LTM systems workgroup was to provide a vision and path towards novel and innovative LTM systems, which should be able to provide relevant, actionable information on system performance in a cost-effective manner. Two investment sectors were developed in this Breakout Session. The last Breakout Session of the Technical Forum was on LTM information management. The session focus was on the development and implementation of novel information management systems for LTM including techniques to address data issues such as: efficient management of large and diverse datasets; consistency and comparability in data management and incorporation of accurate historical information; data interpretation and information synthesis including statistical methods, modeling, and visualization; and linage of data to site management objectives and leveraging information to forge consensus among stakeholders. One investment sector was developed in this Breakout Session.« less

Multiple light scattering in metallic ejecta produced under intense shockwave compression.

PubMed

Franzkowiak, J-E; Mercier, P; Prudhomme, G; Berthe, L

2018-04-10

A roughened metallic plate, subjected to intense shock wave compression, gives rise to an expanding ejecta particle cloud. Photonic Doppler velocimetry (PDV), a fiber-based heterodyne velocimeter, is often used to track ejecta velocities in dynamic compression experiments and on nanosecond time scales. Shortly after shock breakout at the metal-vacuum interface, a particular feature observed in many experiments in the velocity spectrograms is what appear to be slow-moving ejecta, below the free-surface velocity. Using Doppler Monte Carlo simulations incorporating the transport of polarization in the ejecta, we show that this feature is likely to be explained by the multiple scattering of light, rather than by possible collisions among particles, slowing down the ejecta. As the cloud expands in a vacuum, the contribution of multiple scattering decreases due to the limited field of view of the pigtailed collimator used to probe the ejecta, showing that the whole geometry of the system must be taken into account in the calculations to interpret and predict PDV measurements.

Coronal Structure of a Flaring Region and Associated Coronal Mass Ejection

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kundu, Mukul R.; Manoharan, P. K.

2003-01-01

We report the multiwavelength investigations of an eruptive flare event that occurred on 2001 April 2 at about 11 UT. The manifestations associated with this flare event have been studied from the near-Sun region to about 0.5 AU. The H-alpha images from the Meudon Spectroheliograph reveal a fast spectacular eruption of plasmoids from the flare site to the west and a Moreton wave disturbance propagating toward the south, A bright, fast, wide coronal mass ejection (CME) associated with this eruptive event was imaged by SOHO/LASCO and the remote-sensing interplanetary scintillation technique. The timings and positions of the Type II radio bursts, H-alpha eruption, and CME onset as well as the magnetic field configuration suggest a release of energy at the null point. The results seem to support the "breakout" scenario proposed by Antiochos and coworkers, and they are also suggestive that the energy release is followed by magnetic reconnection between the low-lying loops near the separatrix and the loop system above them.

The γ-rays that accompanied GW170817 and the observational signature of a magnetic jet breaking out of NS merger ejecta

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bromberg, O.; Tchekhovskoy, A.; Gottlieb, O.; Nakar, E.; Piran, T.

2018-04-01

We present the first relativistic magnetohydrodynamics numerical simulation of a magnetic jet that propagates through and emerges from the dynamical ejecta of a binary neutron star merger. Generated by the magnetized rotation of the merger remnant, the jet propagates through the ejecta and produces an energetic cocoon that expands at mildly relativistic velocities and breaks out of the ejecta. We show that if the ejecta has a low-mass (˜10-7 M⊙) high-velocity (v ˜ 0.85c) tail, the cocoon shock breakout will generate γ-ray emission that is comparable to the observed short GRB170817A that accompanied the recent gravitational wave event GW170817. Thus, we propose that this gamma-ray burst (GRB), which is quite different from all other short GRBs observed before, was produced by a different mechanism. We expect, however, that such events are numerous and many will be detected in coming LIGO-Virgo runs.

Diffusive, supersonic x-ray transport in radiatively heated foam cylinders

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Back, C. A.; Bauer, J. D.; Hammer, J. H.; Lasinski, B. F.; Turner, R. E.; Rambo, P. W.; Landen, O. L.; Suter, L. J.; Rosen, M. D.; Hsing, W. W.

2000-05-01

Diffusive supersonic radiation transport, where the ratio of the diffusive radiation front velocity to the material sound speed >2 has been studied in experiments on low density (40 mg/cc to 50 mg/cc) foams. Laser-heated Au hohlraums provided a radiation drive that heated SiO2 and Ta2O5 aerogel foams of varying lengths. Face-on emission measurements at 550 eV provided clean signatures of the radiation breakout. The high quality data provides new detailed information on the importance of both the fill and wall material opacities and heat capacities in determining the radiation front speed and curvature. The Marshak radiation wave transport is studied in a geometry that allows direct comparisons with analytic models and two-dimensional code simulations. Experiments show important effects that will affect even nondiffusive and transonic radiation transport experiments studied by others in the field. This work is of basic science interest with applications to inertial confinement fusion and astrophysics.

15O(alpha,gamma)19Ne breakout reaction and impact on X-ray bursts.

PubMed

Tan, W P; Fisker, J L; Görres, J; Couder, M; Wiescher, M

2007-06-15

The breakout reaction 15O(alpha,gamma)19Ne, which regulates the flow between the hot CNO cycle and the rp process, is critical for the explanation of the burst amplitude and periodicity of x-ray bursters. We report on the first successful measurement of the critical alpha-decay branching ratios of relevant states in 19Ne populated via 19F(3He,t)19Ne. Based on the experimental results and our previous lifetime measurements of these states, we derive the first experimental rate of 15O(alpha,gamma)19Ne. The impact of our experimental results on the burst pattern and periodicity for a range of accretion rates is analyzed.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mizuta, Akira; Ioka, Kunihito

We investigate the jet propagation and breakout from the stellar progenitor for gamma-ray burst (GRB) collapsars by performing two-dimensional relativistic hydrodynamic simulations and analytical modeling. We find that the jet opening angle is given by θ{sub j} ∼ 1/5Γ{sub 0} and infer the initial Lorentz factor of the jet at the central engine, Γ{sub 0}, is a few for existing observations of θ{sub j}. The jet keeps the Lorentz factor low inside the star by converging cylindrically via collimation shocks under the cocoon pressure and accelerates at jet breakout before the free expansion to a hollow-cone structure. In this newmore » picture, the GRB duration is determined by the sound crossing time of the cocoon, after which the opening angle widens, reducing the apparent luminosity. Some bursts violating the maximum opening angle θ{sub j,{sub max}} ∼ 1/5 ∼ 12° imply the existence of a baryon-rich sheath or a long-acting jet. We can explain the slopes in both Amati and Yonetoku spectral relations using an off-centered photosphere model, if we make only one assumption that the total jet luminosity is proportional to the initial Lorentz factor of the jet. We also numerically calibrate the pre-breakout model (Bromberg et al.) for later use.« less

Simulations of Fuel Assembly and Fast-Electron Transport in Integrated Fast-Ignition Experiments on OMEGA

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Solodov, A. A.; Theobald, W.; Anderson, K. S.; Shvydky, A.; Epstein, R.; Betti, R.; Myatt, J. F.; Stoeckl, C.; Jarrott, L. C.; McGuffey, C.; Qiao, B.; Beg, F. N.; Wei, M. S.; Stephens, R. B.

2013-10-01

Integrated fast-ignition experiments on OMEGA benefit from improved performance of the OMEGA EP laser, including higher contrast, higher energy, and a smaller focus. Recent 8-keV, Cu-Kα flash radiography of cone-in-shell implosions and cone-tip breakout measurements showed good agreement with the 2-D radiation-hydrodynamic simulations using the code DRACO. DRACO simulations show that the fuel assembly can be further improved by optimizing the compression laser pulse, evacuating air from the shell, and by adjusting the material of the cone tip. This is found to delay the cone-tip breakout by ~220 ps and increase the core areal density from ~80 mg/cm2 in the current experiments to ~500 mg/cm2 at the time of the OMEGA EP beam arrival before the cone-tip breakout. Simulations using the code LSP of fast-electron transport in the recent integrated OMEGA experiments with Cu-doped shells will be presented. Cu-doping is added to probe the transport of fast electrons via their induced Cu K-shell fluorescent emission. This material is based upon work supported by the Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration DE-NA0001944 and the Office of Science under DE-FC02-04ER54789.

Laboratory Experiments to Investigate Breakout and Bifurcation of Lava Flows on Mars

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Miyamoto, H.; Zimbelman, J. R.; Tokunaga, T.; Tosaka, H.

2001-05-01

Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) images show that many lava flows on Mars have morphologies quite similar to aa lava flows. Such flows often have many lobes and branches that overlap each other, making a compound flow unit. These features cannot be explained by any simple flow model because longer effusion duration will simply make the flow longer, although actual lavas often will bifurcate to make additonal flow units. Similarly, formation of a lava tube is difficult to predict by a model that does not contain preset conditions for their formation. Treatment of the surface crust is very important to the flow morphology, especially for effusion over a long duration. To understand the effect of a crust on flow morphology, paraffin wax is especially useful in laboratory experiments. In our experiments, a flow on a constant slope typically progresses with a constant width at first. Then, the flow front cools to form a crust, which inhibits the progress of the flow. At that time, the flow sometimes becomes sinuous or ceases its movement. With a sufficient flux after that, uplift of thickness (inflation) can occur. Uplift sometimes attains a sufficient thickening to produce a breakout at the side of the flow, bifurcating to form a new cooling unit. Bifurcated flows do not always follow the main flow (some branches moved several cm away from the initial flow). The bifurcations continue to develop into a complicated flow field, given a sufficiently long duration of effusion. Although the movement of the flow with a surface crust is difficult to predict, our simple analysis suggests that the maximum thickness attained by the inflation (by fluid continuing to enter a stopped flow) before a breakout can occur is roughly estimated by a balance between the overpressure and the crust tensile strength. The maximum extent of a bifurcated flow after a breakout can probably be constrained, which will be a significant goal for future modeling of compound flows.

ACHP | News

Science.gov Websites

for increased collaboration and communication between these critical partners in the federal historic ACHP participated in breakout sessions on the use of electronic information and communication systems

Evidence for the Magnetic Breakout Model in an Equatorial Coronal-hole Jet

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kumar, Pankaj; Karpen, Judith T.; Antiochos, Spiro K.; Wyper, Peter F.; DeVore, C. Richard; DeForest, Craig E.

2018-02-01

Small, impulsive jets commonly occur throughout the solar corona, but are especially visible in coronal holes. Evidence is mounting that jets are part of a continuum of eruptions that extends to much larger coronal mass ejections and eruptive flares. Because coronal-hole jets originate in relatively simple magnetic structures, they offer an ideal testbed for theories of energy buildup and release in the full range of solar eruptions. We analyzed an equatorial coronal-hole jet observed by the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO)/AIA on 2014 January 9 in which the magnetic-field structure was consistent with the embedded-bipole topology that we identified and modeled previously as an origin of coronal jets. In addition, this event contained a mini-filament, which led to important insights into the energy storage and release mechanisms. SDO/HMI magnetograms revealed footpoint motions in the primary minority-polarity region at the eruption site, but show negligible flux emergence or cancellation for at least 16 hr before the eruption. Therefore, the free energy powering this jet probably came from magnetic shear concentrated at the polarity inversion line within the embedded bipole. We find that the observed activity sequence and its interpretation closely match the predictions of the breakout jet model, strongly supporting the hypothesis that the breakout model can explain solar eruptions on a wide range of scales.

Methods for computational disease surveillance in infection prevention and control: Statistical process control versus Twitter's anomaly and breakout detection algorithms.

PubMed

Wiemken, Timothy L; Furmanek, Stephen P; Mattingly, William A; Wright, Marc-Oliver; Persaud, Annuradha K; Guinn, Brian E; Carrico, Ruth M; Arnold, Forest W; Ramirez, Julio A

2018-02-01

Although not all health care-associated infections (HAIs) are preventable, reducing HAIs through targeted intervention is key to a successful infection prevention program. To identify areas in need of targeted intervention, robust statistical methods must be used when analyzing surveillance data. The objective of this study was to compare and contrast statistical process control (SPC) charts with Twitter's anomaly and breakout detection algorithms. SPC and anomaly/breakout detection (ABD) charts were created for vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus, Acinetobacter baumannii, catheter-associated urinary tract infection, and central line-associated bloodstream infection data. Both SPC and ABD charts detected similar data points as anomalous/out of control on most charts. The vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus ABD chart detected an extra anomalous point that appeared to be higher than the same time period in prior years. Using a small subset of the central line-associated bloodstream infection data, the ABD chart was able to detect anomalies where the SPC chart was not. SPC charts and ABD charts both performed well, although ABD charts appeared to work better in the context of seasonal variation and autocorrelation. Because they account for common statistical issues in HAI data, ABD charts may be useful for practitioners for analysis of HAI surveillance data. Copyright © 2018 Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

β-delayed γ decay of 20Mg and the 19Ne(p , γ) 20 Na breakout reaction in Type I X-ray bursts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Glassman, B. E.; Pérez-Loureiro, D.; Wrede, C.; Allen, J.; Bardayan, D. W.; Bennett, M. B.; Brown, B. A.; Chipps, K. A.; Febbraro, M.; Friedman, M.; Fry, C.; Hall, M. R.; Hall, O.; Liddick, S. N.; O'Malley, P.; Ong, W. J.; Pain, S. D.; Prokop, C.; Schwartz, S. B.; Shidling, P.; Sims, H.; Thompson, P.; Zhang, H.

2018-03-01

Certain astrophysical environments such as thermonuclear outbursts on accreting neutron stars (Type-I X-ray bursts) are hot enough to allow for breakout from the Hot CNO hydrogen burning cycles to the rapid proton capture (rp) process. An important breakout reaction sequence is 15O(α,γ)19Ne(p,γ)20Na and the 19Ne(p,γ)20Na reaction rate is expected to be dominated by a single resonance at 457 keV above the proton threshold in 20Na. The resonance strength and, hence, reaction rate depends strongly on whether this 20Na state at an excitation energy of 2647 keV has spin and parity of 1+ or 3+. Previous 20Mg (Jπ =0+) β+ decay experiments have relied almost entirely on searches for β-delayed proton emission from this resonance in 20Na to limit the log ft value and, hence, Jπ. However there is a non-negligible γ-ray branch expected that must also be limited experimentally to determine the log ft value and constrain Jπ. We have measured the β-delayed γ decay of 20Mg to complement previous β-delayed proton decay work and provide the first complete limit based on all energetically allowed decay channels through the 2647 keV state. Our limit confirms that a 1+ assignment for this state is highly unlikely.

Evidence for the Magnetic Breakout Model in an Equatorial Coronal-Hole Jet

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kumar, Pankaj; Karpen, Judith T.; Antiochos, Spiro K.; Wyper, Peter F.; Devore, C. Richard; DeForest, Craig E.

2018-01-01

Small, impulsive jets commonly occur throughout the solar corona, but are especially visible in coronal holes. Evidence is mounting that jets are part of a continuum of eruptions that extends to much larger coronal mass ejections and eruptive flares. Because coronal-hole jets originate in relatively simple magnetic structures, they offer an ideal testbed for theories of energy buildup and release in the full range of solar eruptions. We analyzed an equatorial coronal-hole jet observed by the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO)/AIA (Atmospheric Imaging Assembly)) on 2014 January 9 in which the magnetic-field structure was consistent with the embedded-bipole topology that we identified and modeled previously as an origin of coronal jets. In addition, this event contained a mini-filament, which led to important insights into the energy storage and release mechanisms. SDO/HMI (Solar Dynamics Observatory/Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager) magnetograms revealed footpoint motions in the primary minority-polarity region at the eruption site, but show negligible flux emergence or cancellation for at least 16 hours before the eruption. Therefore, the free energy powering this jet probably came from magnetic shear concentrated at the polarity inversion line within the embedded bipole. We find that the observed activity sequence and its interpretation closely match the predictions of the breakout jet model, strongly supporting the hypothesis that the breakout model can explain solar eruptions on a wide range of scales.

Reconnection on the Sun

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kohler, Susanna

2016-05-01

Because the Sun is so close, it makes an excellent laboratory to study processes we cant examinein distant stars. One openquestion is that of how solar magnetic fields rearrange themselves, producing the tremendous releases of energy we observe as solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs).What is Magnetic Reconnection?Magnetic reconnection occurs when a magnetic field rearranges itself to move to a lower-energy state. As field lines of opposite polarity reconnect, magnetic energy is suddenly converted into thermal and kinetic energy.This processis believed to be behind the sudden releases of energy from the solar surface in the form of solar flares and CMEs. But there are many different models for how magnetic reconnection could occur in the magnetic field at the Suns surface, and we arent sure which one of these reconnection types is responsible for the events we see.Recently, however, several studies have been published presenting some of the first observational support of specific reconnection models. Taken together, these observations suggest that there are likely several different types of reconnection happening on the solar surface. Heres a closer look at two of these recent publications:A pre-eruption SDO image of a flaring region (b) looks remarkably similar to a 3D cartoon for typical breakout configuration (a). Click for a closer look! [Adapted from Chen et al. 2016]Study 1:Magnetic BreakoutLed by Yao Chen (Shandong University in China), a team of scientists has presented observations made by the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) of a flare and CME event that appears to have been caused by magnetic breakout.In the magnetic breakout model, a series of loops in the Suns lower corona are confined by a surrounding larger loop structure called an arcade higher in the corona. As the lower loops push upward, reconnection occurs in the upper corona, removing the overlying, confining arcade. Without that extra confinement, the lower coronal loops expand upward, erupting from the solar surface.Snapshots from the SDO side view (left and center) and STEREO overhead view (right). The three rows show the time evolution of the double-loop structure after the initial flare. In the STEREO view, you can see the central footpoints of the loops slip to the left. [Gou et al. 2016]In the SDO observations presented by Chen and collaborators, the pre-flare/CME structures look remarkably like the structures predicted in the breakout model. Sequential heating of loops can be seen as the breakout reconnection starts, followed by anenormous flare and CME as the lower loops erupt outward.Study 2: Slipping ReconnectionA team of scientists from the University of Science and Technology of China, led by Tingyu Gou and Rui Liu, have presented the first stereoscopic observation of slipping reconnection in the Sun, made by the two-spacecraft Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO).In slipping reconnection, magnetic field lines continuously exchange connectivities with their neighbors, causing them to slip through plasma. Observations by STEREO of a flaring double-loop system revealed that the central footpoints the endpoints where the loops are anchored to the solar surface slipped sideways after a flare.The authors model of the double-loop structure at two different times, during which the central footpoint slips from point C to D. Projections onto the XY and YZ planes show STEREOs and SDOs views, respectively. [Gou et al. 2016]The authors reconstructed a 3D model of the loop system using the overhead observations from STEREO and a simultaneous side view from SDO. They speculate that the slipping reconnection was likely triggered by the initial solar flare.Double BonusCheck out the videos belowto watch these processes happen!This first video is from Chen et al. 2016, and shows the SDO view of coronal loops in three wavelengths. If you watch carefully, you can see the sequential brightening of loops signs of the breakout reconnection before the flare and CME.http://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/breakout.mp4This second video is from Gou et al. 2016, and shows the SDO side view (left and center panels) and STEREO top view (right panel) of a flare and the slipping reconnection that occurred after. Keep your eye on the STEREO view between 0:02 and 0:04 to watch the central footpoint slide left.http://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/slipping.mp4CitationYao Chen et al 2016 ApJ 820 L37. doi:10.3847/2041-8205/820/2/L37Tingyu Gou et al 2016 ApJ 821 L28. doi:10.3847/2041-8205/821/2/L28

A detailed examination of laser-ion acceleration mechanisms in the relativistic transparency regime using tracers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stark, David J.; Yin, Lin; Albright, Brian J.; Nystrom, William; Bird, Robert

2018-04-01

We present a particle-in-cell study of linearly polarized laser-ion acceleration systems, in which we use both two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) simulations to characterize the ion acceleration mechanisms in targets which become transparent to the laser pulse during irradiation. First, we perform a target length scan to optimize the peak ion energies in both 2D and 3D, and the predictive capabilities of 2D simulations are discussed. Tracer analysis allows us to isolate the acceleration into stages of target normal sheath acceleration (TNSA), hole boring (HB), and break-out afterburner (BOA) acceleration, which vary in effectiveness based on the simulation parameters. The thinnest targets reveal that enhanced TNSA is responsible for accelerating the most energetic ions, whereas the thickest targets have ions undergoing successive phases of HB and TNSA (in 2D) or BOA and TNSA (in 3D); HB is not observed to be a dominant acceleration mechanism in the 3D simulations. It is in the intermediate optimal regime, both when the laser breaks through the target with appreciable amplitude and when there is enough plasma to form a sustained high density flow, that BOA is most effective and is responsible for the most energetic ions. Eliminating the transverse laser spot size effects by performing a plane wave simulation, we can isolate with greater confidence the underlying physics behind the ion dynamics we observe. Specifically, supplemented by wavelet and FFT analyses, we match the post-transparency BOA acceleration with a wave-particle resonance with a high-amplitude low-frequency electrostatic wave of increasing phase velocity, consistent with that predicted by the Buneman instability.

Combined effects of prevention and quarantine on a breakout in SIR model.

PubMed

Kato, Fuminori; Tainaka, Kei-Ichi; Sone, Shogo; Morita, Satoru; Iida, Hiroyuki; Yoshimura, Jin

2011-01-01

Recent breakouts of several epidemics, such as flu pandemics, are serious threats to human health. The measures of protection against these epidemics are urgent issues in epidemiological studies. Prevention and quarantine are two major approaches against disease spreads. We here investigate the combined effects of these two measures of protection using the SIR model. We use site percolation for prevention and bond percolation for quarantine applying on a lattice model. We find a strong synergistic effect of prevention and quarantine under local interactions. A slight increase in protection measures is extremely effective in the initial disease spreads. Combination of the two measures is more effective than a single protection measure. Our results suggest that the protection policy against epidemics should account for both prevention and quarantine measures simultaneously.

Suicidality and risk of suicide--definition, drug safety concerns, and a necessary target for drug development: a consensus statement.

PubMed

Meyer, Roger E; Salzman, Carl; Youngstrom, Eric A; Clayton, Paula J; Goodwin, Frederick K; Mann, J John; Alphs, Larry D; Broich, Karl; Goodman, Wayne K; Greden, John F; Meltzer, Herbert Y; Normand, Sharon-Lise T; Posner, Kelly; Shaffer, David; Oquendo, Maria A; Stanley, Barbara; Trivedi, Madhukar H; Turecki, Gustavo; Beasley, Charles M; Beautrais, Annette L; Bridge, Jeffrey A; Brown, Gregory K; Revicki, Dennis A; Ryan, Neal D; Sheehan, David V

2010-08-01

To address issues concerning potential treatment-emergent "suicidality," a consensus conference was convened March 23-24, 2009. This gathering of participants from academia, government, and industry brought together experts in suicide prevention, clinical trial design, psychometrics, pharmacoepidemiology, and genetics, as well as research psychiatrists involved in studies of major depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, substance abuse/dependence, and other psychiatric disorders associated with elevated suicide risk across the life cycle. The process involved reviews of the relevant literature, and a series of 6 breakout sessions focused on specific questions of interest. Each of the participants at the meeting received references relevant to the formal presentations (as well as the slides for the presentations) for their review prior to the meeting. In addition, the assessment instruments of suicidal ideation/behavior were reviewed in relationship to standard measures of validity, reliability, and clinical utility, and these findings were discussed at length in relevant breakout groups, in the final plenary session, and in the preparation of the article. Consensus and dissenting views were noted. Discussion and questions followed each formal presentation during the plenary sessions. Approximately 6 questions per breakout group were prepared in advance by members of the Steering Committee and each breakout group chair. Consensus in the breakout groups was achieved by nominal group process. Consensus recommendations and any dissent were reviewed for each breakout group at the final plenary session. All plenary sessions were recorded and transcribed by a court stenographer. Following the transcript, with input by each of the authors, the final paper went through 14 drafts. The output of the meeting was organized into this scholarly article, which has been developed by the authors with feedback from all participants at the meeting and represents a consensus view. Any areas of disagreement have been noted. The term suicidality is not as clinically useful as more specific terminology (ideation, behavior, attempts, and suicide). Most participants applauded the FDA's effort to promote standard definitions and definable expectations for investigators and industry sponsors by endorsing the terminology in the Columbia Classification Algorithm of Suicide Assessment (C-CASA). Further research of available assessment instruments is needed to verify their utility, reliability, and validity in identifying suicide-associated treatment-emergent adverse effects and/or a signal of efficacy in suicide prevention trials. The FDA needs to build upon its new authority to systematically monitor postmarketing events by encouraging the development of a validated instrument for postmarketing surveillance of suicidal ideation, behavior, and risk within informative large health care-related databases in the United States and abroad. Over time, the FDA, industry, and clinical researchers should evaluate the impact of the current Agency requirement that all CNS clinical drug trials must include a C-CASA-compatible screening instrument for assessing and documenting the occurrence of treatment-emergent suicidal ideation and behavior. Finally, patients at high risk for suicide can safely be included in clinical trials, if proper precautions are followed, and they need to be included to enable premarket assessments of the risks and benefits of medications related to suicidal ideation, suicidal behavior, and suicide in such patients. Copyright 2010 Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc.

Acoustic emission of rock mass under the constant-rate fluid injection

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shadrin Klishin, AV, VI

2018-03-01

The authors study acoustic emission in coal bed and difficult-to-cave roof under injection of fluid by pumps at a constant rate. The functional connection between the roof hydrofracture length and the total number of AE pulses is validated, it is also found that the coal bed hydroloosening time, injection rate and time behavior of acoustic emission activity depend on the fluid injection volume required until the fluid breakout in a roadway through growing fractures. In the formulas offered for the practical application, integral parameters that characterize permeability and porosity of rock mass and process parameters of the technology are found during test injection.

External and Internal Reconnection in Two Filament-Carrying Magnetic Cavity Solar Eruptions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sterling, Alphonse C.; Moore, Ronald L.

2004-01-01

We observe two near-limb solar filament eruptions. one of 2000 February 26 and the other of 2002 January 4. For both we use 195 A Fe XII images from the Extreme-Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (EIT) and magnetograms from the Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI). both of which are on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory. (SOHO). For the earlier event we also use soft X-ray telescope (SXT). hard X-ray telescope (HXT). and Bragg Crystal Spectrometer (BCS) data from the Yohkoh satellite. and hard X-ray data from the BATSE experiment on the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory. (CGRO). Both events occur in quadrupolar magnetic regions. and both have coronal features that we infer belong to the same magnetic cavity structures as the filaments. In both cases. the cavity and filament first rise slowly at approx. 10 km/s prior to eruption and then accelerate to approx. 100 km/s during the eruption. although the slow-rise movement for the higher altitude cavity elements is clearer in the later event. We estimate that both filaments and both cavities contain masses of approx. 10(exp14) - 1 0(exp 15) and approx. l0(exp 15) - l0(exp 16) g. respectively. We consider whether two specific magnetic reconnection-based models for eruption onset. the "tether cutting" and the "breakout" models. are consistent with our observations. In the earlier event, soft X-rays from SXT show an intensity increase during the 12 minute interval over which fast eruption begins. which is consistent with tether- cutting-model predictions. Substantial hard X-ray. however. do not occur until after fast eruption is underway. and so this is a constraint the tether-cutting model must satisfy. During the same 12 minute interval over which fast eruption begins, there are brightenings and topological changes in the corona indicative of high-altitude reconnection early in the eruption. and this is consistent with breakout predictions. In both eruptions. the state of the overlying loops at the time of onset of the fast-rise phase of the corresponding filament can be compared with expectations from the breakout model. thereby setting constraints that the breakout model must meet. Our findings are consistent with both runaway tether-cutting-type reconnection and fast breakout-type reconnection. occurring early in the fast phase of the February eruption and with both types of reconnection being important in unleashing the explosion, but we are not able to say which. if either, type of reconnection actually triggered the fast phase. In any case. we have found specific constraints that either model. or any other model. must satisfy if correct.

External and Internal Reconnection in Two Filament-Carrying Magnetic-Cavity Solar Eruptions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sterling, Alphonse C.; Moore, Ronald L.

2004-01-01

We observe two near-limb solar filament eruptions, one of 2000 February 26 and the other of 2002 January 4. For both we use 195 A Fe XII images from the Extreme-Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (EIT) and magnetograms from the Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI), both of which are on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO). For the earlier event we also use soft X-ray telescope (SXT), hard X-ray telescope (HXT), and Bragg Crystal Spectrometer (BCS) data from the Yohkoh satellite, and hard X-ray data from the BATSE experiment on the Compton Gamma Ra.v Observatory (CGRO). Both events occur in quadrupolar magnetic regions, and both have coronal features that we infer belong to the same magnetic cavity structures as the filaments. In both cases, the cavity and filament first rise slowly at approx.10 km/s prior to eruption and then accelerate to approx.100 km/s during the eruption, although the slow-rise movement for the higher altitude cavity elements is clearer in the later event. We estimate that both filaments and both cavities contain masses of approx.10(exp 14)-10(exp 15) and approx.10(exp 15)-10(exp 16) g, respectively. We consider whether two specific magnetic reconnection-based models for eruption onset, the "tether cutting" and the "breakout" models, are consistent with our observations. In the earlier event, soft X-rays from SXT show an intensity increase during the 12 minute interval over which fast eruption begins, which is consistent with tether- cutting-model predictions. Substantial hard X-rays, however, do not occur until after fast eruption is underway, and so this is a constraint the tether-cutting model must satisfy. During the same 12 minute interval over which fast eruption begins, there are brightenings and topological changes in the corona indicative of high-altitude reconnection early in the eruption, and this is consistent with breakout predictions. In both eruptions, the state of the overlying loops at the time of onset of the fast-rise phase of the corresponding filament can be compared with expectations from the breakout model, thereby setting constraints that the breakout model must meet. Our findings are consistent with both runaway tether-cutting-type reconnection and fast breakout-type reconnection, occurring early in the fast phase of the February eruption and with both types of reconnection being important in unleashing the explosion, but we are not able to say which, if either, type of reconnection actually triggered the fast phase. In any case, we have found specific constraints that either model, or any other model, must satisfy if correct.

External and Internal Reconnection in Two Filament-Carrying Magnetic-Cavity Solar Eruptions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sterling, Alphonse C.; Moore, Ronald L.

2004-01-01

We observe two near-limb solar filament eruptions, one of 2000 February 26 and the other of 2002 January 4. For both we use 195 Angstroms, Fe XII images from the Extreme-Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (EIT) and magnetograms from the Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI), both of which are on the Solar arid Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO). For the earlier event we also use soft X-ray telescope (SXT), hard X-ray telescope (HXT), and Bragg Crystal Spectrometer (BCS) data from the Yohkoh satellite, and hard X-ray data from the BATSE experiment on the Compton Gamma Ray Observation, (CGRO). Both events occur in quadrupolar magnetic regions, and both have coronal features that we infer belong to the same magnetic cavity structures as the filaments. In both cases, the cavity and filament first rise slowly at approximately 10 kilometers per second prior to eruption and then accelerate to approximately 100 kilometers per second during the eruption, although the slow-rise movement for the higher altitude cavity elements is clearer in the later event. We estimate that both filaments and both cavities contain masses of approximately 10(exp 14)-10(exp 15) and approximately 10(exp 15)-10(exp 16)g, respectively. We consider whether two specific magnetic reconnection-based models for eruption onset, the tether cutting and the breakout models, are consistent with our observations. In the earlier event, soft X-rays from SXT show an intensity increase during the 12 minute interval over which fast eruption begins, which is consistent with tether-cutting-model predictions. Substantial hard X-rays, however, do not occur until after fast eruption is underway, and so this is a constraint the tether-cutting model must satisfy. During the same 12 minute interval over which fast eruption begins, there are brightenings and topological changes in the corona indicative of high-altitude reconnection early in the eruption, and this is consistent with breakout predictions. In both eruptions, the state of the overlying loops at the time of onset of the fast-rise phase of the corresponding filament can be compared with expectations from the breakout model, thereby setting constraints that the breakout model must meet. Our findings are consistent with both runaway tether-cutting-type reconnection and fast breakout-type reconnection, occurring early in the fast phase of the February eruption and with both types of reconnection being important in unleashing the explosion, but we are not able to say which, if either, type of reconnection actually triggered the fast phase. In any case, we have found specific constraints that either model, or any other model, must satisfy if correct.

Nurse's Breakout Session Injury/Illness Case Management

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hesselgesser, Connie

2001-01-01

An overview of the work related injury and illness case management model developed at the Johnson Space Center was presented. The major accomplishments and the challenges of implementation were discussed.

Future Air Transportation System Breakout Series Report

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2001-01-01

This presentation discusses: AvSTAR Future System Effort Critically important; Investment in the future; Need to follow a systems engineering process; and Efforts need to be worked in worldwide context

Data Base On Cables And Connectors

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bowen, Arlen R.; Oliver, John D.

1995-01-01

Report describes Connector Adapter Cable Information Data Base (CONNAID) computer program, managing data base containing necessary information concerning electrical connectors, breakout boxes, adapter cables, backshells, and pertinent torque specifications for engineering project.

77 FR 3029 - Twentieth Meeting: RTCA Special Committee 203, Unmanned Aircraft Systems

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-20

... Aircraft Systems. The agenda will include the following: February 21, 2012 Welcome, Introductions, and... Breakout Sessions Systems Engineering Workgroup Command & Control Workgroup Sense & Avoid Workgroup Safety...

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pinard, William J.; Salazar, Carlos A.

The International Perspectives on Mitigating Laboratory Biorisks workshop, held at the Renaissance Polat Istanbul Hotel in Istanbul, Republic of Turkey, from October 25 to 27, 2010, sought to promote discussion between experts and stakeholders from around the world on issues related to the management of biological risk in laboratories. The event was organized by Sandia National Laboratories International Biological Threat Reduction program, on behalf of the US Department of State Biosecurity Engagement Program and the US Department of Defense Cooperative Biological Engagement Program. The workshop came about as a response to US Under Secretary of State Ellen O. Tauscher's statementsmore » in Geneva on December 9, 2009, during the Annual Meeting of the States Parties to the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC). Pursuant to those remarks, the workshop was intended to provide a forum for interested countries to share information on biorisk management training, standards, and needs. Over the course of the meeting's three days, participants discussed diverse topics such as the role of risk assessment in laboratory biorisk management, strategies for mitigating risk, measurement of performance and upkeep, international standards, training and building workforce competence, and the important role of government and regulation. The meeting concluded with affirmations of the utility of international cooperation in this sphere and recognition of positive prospects for the future. The workshop was organized as a series of short presentations by international experts on the field of biorisk management, followed by breakout sessions in which participants were divided into four groups and urged to discuss a particular topic with the aid of a facilitator and a set of guiding questions. Rapporteurs were present during the plenary session as well as breakout sessions and in particular were tasked with taking notes during discussions and reporting back to the assembled participants a brief summary of points discussed. The presentations and breakout sessions were divided into five topic areas: 'Challenges in Biorisk Management,' 'Risk Assessment and Mitigation Measures,' 'Biorisk Management System Performance,' 'Training,' and 'National Oversight and Regulations.' The topics and questions were chosen by the organizers through consultation with US Government sponsors. The Chattham House Rule on non-attribution was in effect during question and answer periods and breakout session discussions.« less

Eruption Dynamics and Flow Morphology during the 2005 Sierra Negra Eruption, Galapagos Islands

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rader, E.; Harpp, K.; Geist, D.

2006-12-01

Sierra Negra volcano began erupting on October 22nd, 2005. The eruption lasted nine days and provided an opportunity to examine emplacement of lava flows and their morphology. During the first two days, fire fountaining produced a broad, unchannelized flow that coated the northern caldera wall and benches directly below the vents as it moved onto the eastern caldera floor. After the first day of the eruption, the caldera floor a'a flow grew primarily by inflation, lateral spreading along linear upwelling regions, and pahoehoe breakouts at the perimeter. Simultaneously, four 4km long rootless flows formed on the northern flanks of the volcano, supplied by spatter from the vents inboard of the caldera rim. Samples from different morphological types of lava from the caldera floor, bench, and outer flanks were collected and examined by BSE imaging. Transitions from pahoehoe to a'a and back to pahoehoe were observed in a low viscosity flow on the caldera bench that cascaded over a steep escarpment. Plagioclase microlite content in the bench flow varies little, with 27% in pahoehoe and 33% in a'a, on average. Consequently, we propose that the transformation was driven by changes in strain rate rather than cooling. As the lava first flowed over the bench edge, the increased strain rate caused it to become a'a. The elevation drop was small enough, however, that the flow remained sufficiently hot to revert to pahoehoe as it pooled on the flat surface at the base of the drop; comparable flows have been described on Kilauea. Similarly, pahoehoe breakouts from the caldera floor a'a flow were driven by pressure from the inflating flow, causing well-insulated lava to emerge from the a'a body as pahoehoe. Quenched lava collected from the incandescent breakouts have higher crystal contents than those collected closer to the vents, indicating that they experienced ~30° cooling during transport within the inflating flow. At the southern tip of the caldera floor flow, several km from the vents, lavas with toothpaste morphology were observed in breakouts. The greater crystallinity and imbricated feldspar crystals in these samples also likely reflect cooling during transport in the flow.

Evidence for the Magnetic Breakout Model in an Equatorial Coronal-Hole Jet

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Karpen, Judith T.; Kumar, Pankaj; Antiochos, Spiro K.; Wyper, Peter; DeVore, C. Richard

2017-08-01

We have analyzed an equatorial coronal-hole jet observed by SDO/AIA on 09 January 2014. The source-region magnetic field structure is consistent with the embedded-bipole topology that we identified and modeled previously as a source of coronal jets (Pariat et al. 2009, 2010, 2015, 2016; Karpen et al. 2017; Wyper et al. 2016). Initial brightenings were observed below a small but distinct “mini-filament” about 25 min before jet onset. A bright circular structure, interpreted as magnetic flux rope (MFR), surrounded the mini-filament. The MFR and filament rose together slowly at first, with a speed of ˜15 km s-1. When bright footpoints and loops appeared below, analogous to flare ribbons and arcade, the MFR/mini-filament rose rapidly (˜126 km s-1), and a bright elongated feature interpreted as a current sheet appeared between the MFR and the growing arcade. Multiple plasmoids propagating upward (˜135 km s-1) and downward (˜55 km s-1) were detected in this sheet. The jet was triggered when the rising MFR interacted with the overlying magnetic structure, most likely at a stressed magnetic null distorted into a current sheet. This event thus exhibits clear evidence of “flare” reconnection below the MFR as well as breakout reconnection above it, consistent with the breakout model for a wide range of solar eruptions (Antiochos et al. 1999; Devore & Antiochos 2008; Karpen et al. 2012; Wyper et al. 2017). Breakout reconnection destroyed the MFR and enabled the entrained coronal plasma and mini-filament to escape onto open field lines, producing an untwisting jet. SDO/HMI magnetograms reveal small footpoint motions at the eruption site and its surroundings, but do not show significant flux emergence or cancellation during or 1-2 hours before the eruption. Therefore, the free energy powering this jet most likely originated in magnetic shear concentrated at the polarity inversion line within the embedded bipole - a mini-filament channel - possibly created by helicity condensation (Antiochos 2013; Knizhnik et al. 2015, 2017).This work was supported in part by a grant from the NASA H-SR program and the NASA Postdoctoral Program.

Lithology-dependent In Situ Stress in Heterogeneous Carbonate Reservoirs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pham, C. N.; Chang, C.

2017-12-01

Characterization of in situ stress state for various geomechanical aspects in petroleum development may be particularly difficult in carbonate reservoirs in which rock properties are generally heterogeneous. We demonstrate that the variation of in situ stress in highly heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs is closely related to the heterogeneity in rock mechanical property. The carbonate reservoir studied consists of numerous sequential layers gently folded, exhibiting wide ranges of porosity (0.01 - 0.29) and Young's modulus (25 - 85 GPa) depending on lithology. Wellbore breakouts and drilling-induced tensile fractures (DITFs) observed in the image logs obtained from several wells indicate that the in situ state of stress orientation changes dramatically with depth and location. Even in a wellbore, the azimuth of the maximum horizontal stress changes by as much as 60° within a depth interval of 500 m. This dramatic change in stress orientation is inferred to be due to the contrast in elastic properties between different rock layers which are bent by folding in the reservoir. The horizontal principal stress magnitudes are constrained by back-calculating stress conditions necessary to induce the observed wellbore failures using breakout width and the presence of DITFs. The horizontal stresses vary widely, which cannot be represented by a constant stress gradient with depth. The horizontal principal stress gradient increases with Young's modulus of layer monotonically, indicating that a stiffer layer conveys a higher horizontal stress. This phenomenon can be simulated using a numerical modelling, in which the horizontal stress magnitudes depend on stiffness of individual layers although the applied far-field stress conditions are constant. The numerical results also suggest that the stress concentration at the wellbore wall is essentially higher in a stiffer layer, promoting the possibility of wellbore breakout formation. These results are in agreement with our observation that breakouts are predominantly developed in the relatively stiff rocks, which corroborates the lithology-dependent in situ stress. Our study suggests that in situ stress may be estimated from rock mechanical properties if a unique relation can be found between stress and lithology.

Stress magnitude and orientation in deep coalbed biosphere off Shimokita ~IODP Expedition337 drilling project

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, H. Y.; Lin, W.; Yamada, Y.

2015-12-01

One of IODP expedition (Borehole C0020A) is located in the forearc basin formed by the subducting between Pacific plate and Eurasian plate off Shimokita Peninsula. This ~2.5km deep scientific drilling collected the high-resolution wire-line resistivity logging, caliper data, Dipole Sonic waveforms; geophysical properties measurements and core samples. The riser drilling operations produced one good conditions borehole even this drilling operation was applied right after 311 Tohoku earthquake. Based on the high-resolutions Formation Micro Imager (FMI) images, both breakout and tensile fractures along the borehole wall indicating the in-situ stress orientation are detected in the unwrapped resistivity images. In this research, a reasonable geomechanical model based on the breakout width and physical properties is constructed to estimate the stress magnitude profile in this borehole. Besides, the openhole leak-off test revealed the information of Shmin magnitude. In general, stress direction along the borehole is slight rotated to east with drilling to the bottom of the borehole. Geomechanical model constarined the principal stresses in Strike-slip stress regime to satisfy the occurrences of borehole enlargements and tensile fractures. Some blank zones with no borehole wall failure and vertical fractures indicated the stress anomaly might be controlled by local lithological facies. Comparing to the JFAST drilling, this site is out of Japan trench slip zone and shows almost parallel stress direcion to the trench (~90 degree apart of Shmin with Site C0019).

Core-log integration for rock mechanics using borehole breakouts and rock strength experiments: Recent results from plate subduction margins

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Saito, S.; Lin, W.

2014-12-01

Core-log integration has been applied for rock mechanics studies in scientific ocean drilling since 2007 in plate subduction margins such as Nankai Trough, Costa Rica margin, and Japan Trench. State of stress in subduction wedge is essential for controlling dynamics of plate boundary fault. One of the common methods to estimate stress state is analysis of borehole breakouts (drilling induced borehole wall compressive failures) recorded in borehole image logs to determine the maximum horizontal principal stress orientation. Borehole breakouts can also yield possible range of stress magnitude based on a rock compressive strength criterion. In this study, we constrained the stress magnitudes based on two different rock failure criteria, the Mohr-Coulomb (MC) criteria and the modified Wiebols-Cook (mWC) criteria. As the MC criterion is the same as that under unconfined compression state, only one rock parameter, unconfined compressive strength (UCS) is needed to constrain stress magnitudes. The mWC criterion needs the UCS, Poisson's ratio and internal frictional coefficient determined by triaxial compression experiments to take the intermediate principal stress effects on rock strength into consideration. We conducted various strength experiments on samples taken during IODP Expeditions 334/344 (Costa Rica Seismogenesis Project) to evaluate reliable method to estimate stress magnitudes. Our results show that the effects of the intermediate principal stress on the rock compressive failure occurred on a borehole wall is not negligible.

Results from the 2010 INMM International Containment and Surveillance Workshop focused on Concepts for the 21st Century

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pickett, Chris A; Tolk, Keith M; Keel, Frances M

2010-01-01

The Institute of Nuclear Materials Management (INMM) held an International Workshop, 'Containment & Surveillance (C/S): Concepts for the 21st Century,' June 6-11, 2010, at the Oak National Laboratory, in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. The National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) Office of Nonproliferation Research and Development and Office of Nonproliferation and International Security sponsored the event. The workshop focused on determining concepts and needs for 21st century containment and surveillance (C/S) systems that support International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) safeguards and future arms control agreements. Panel discussions by subject matter experts and international practitioners addressed daily topical themes encompassing the following areasmore » of C/S: authentication; tagging, sealing, and containment verification; and surveillance systems. Each panel discussion was followed by a question-and-answer session with the audience and an afternoon breakout session. The facilitated breakout sessions were used to compile information and determine future needs. Individuals attending the workshop included C/S experts and practitioners; IAEA and arms control inspectors; technology providers; vendors; students; and individuals with an interest in, or desire to learn about, future C/S system needs. The primary goal of the workshop was to produce a document that details the future research and development needs for C/S systems that support nuclear safeguards and arms control missions. This talk will present a compilation of the information obtained from breakout sessions at the workshop.« less

Simulation of Cooling and Pressure Effects on Inflated Pahoehoe Lava Flows

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Glaze, Lori S.; Baloga, Stephen M.

2016-01-01

Pahoehoe lobes are often emplaced by the advance of discrete toes accompanied by inflation of the lobe surface. Many random effects complicate modeling lobe emplacement, such as the location and orientation of toe breakouts, their dimensions, mechanical strength of the crust, micro-topography and a host of other factors. Models that treat the movement of lava parcels as a random walk have explained some of the overall features of emplacement. However, cooling of the surface and internal pressurization of the fluid interior has not been modeled. This work reports lobe simulations that explicitly incorporate 1) cooling of surface lava parcels, 2) the propensity of breakouts to occur at warmer margins that are mechanically weaker than cooler ones, and 3) the influence of internal pressurization associated with inflation. The surface temperature is interpreted as a surrogate for the mechanic strength of the crust at each location and is used to determine the probability of a lava parcel transfer from that location. When only surface temperature is considered, the morphology and dimensions of simulated lobes are indistinguishable from equiprobable simulations. However, inflation within a lobe transmits pressure to all connected fluid locations with the warmer margins being most susceptible to breakouts and expansion. Simulations accounting for internal pressurization feature morphologies and dimensions that are dramatically different from the equiprobable and temperature-dependent models. Even on flat subsurfaces the pressure-dependent model produces elongate lobes with distinct directionality. Observables such as topographic profiles, aspect ratios, and maximum extents should be readily distinguishable in the field.

Thermonuclear flashes on hydrogen/helium accreting carbon monoxide white dwarfs and structure of exotic nuclei

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mitchell, Joseph P.

We studied H-shell flashes on CO WDs accreting Hydrogen rich matter in regimes where they are believed to be on the border of stable accretion and of having dynamical mass loss. These systems are believed to be progenitors of SNe Ia, however, there is still some question of what range of accretion rates and WD masses allow for growth to the Chandrasekhar mass, if any do at all. Flashes that result in mass loss are also of interest as they enrich the Inter Stellar Medium. Use of an explicit hydro code has allowed for the observation of a new physical effect from wave dissipation. With our high time resolution, energy transport via waves, and detailed EOS, we found that at the onset of the flash, a reduction in the degeneracy pressure due to electron captures, results in a reduction of the total pressure. With a gravitational acceleration on the order of 108 in the shell, a reduction of the total pressure by 1% results in an in fall acceleration of 10 kms2 . With such a strong in fall, compressional heating results in a hotter flash, with results showing temperatures over a billion degrees in all models. These high temperatures had consequences on the nucleosynthesis, as they allowed for rp-breakout during the flash. The effect of a "double" flash was found in one model. This resulted when the flash stalled in the H-shell, resulting in high temperature burning in only a portion of the shell. Once the H was exhausted in the flash region, cooling occurred and there was contraction of the H exhausted region. This contraction caused an in fall of the un-exhausted region which via compressional heating resulted in the flash to occur in the un-exhausted region. Such an effect may happen in any progenitor system in which the flash stalls and compression afterwards is suitable for a re-start of the flash. This effect may be observable with the current generation of instruments. With the high temperatures found in the flashes, rp-breakout nucleosynthesis was found to occur. Occurrence of rp-nucleosynthesis in these objects may make important sources of the chemical enrichment of isotopes below the iron group that are not know to be synthesized in hydrostatic stellar burning. The existence of rp-breakout in the flashes, shows the importance of nuclear physics in these objects. More precise nuclear reaction rate data are needed for proper energy generation and chemical evolution. With the occurrence of rp-nucleosynthesis in our models, it is especially advantageous to study radioactive proton rich nuclei. These studies are not without many difficulties in the laboratory, as many of the studies require the use of low intensity radioactive beams making clean, high statistic studies difficult. To address this issue, the hybrid target technique was used. This target technique was found to be a great tool for studying resonant proton scattering with exotic beams. It has been used to measure elastic and inelastic excitation functions in the study of 8B via 7Be+p scattering, as well as 12N+p elastic scattering. With such success, the hybrid target technique can be a very useful tool for studying reactions that are important in the rp-process. We have studied the structure of the astrophysically important, radioactive isotope 8B. Three new resonances have been suggested, a 0+1,2+2 , and 1+2 which were predominantly in the inelastic channel and never before seen in previous studies. However, due to their high excitation energies and narrow width, none of the resonances are expected to effect the astrophysically important 7Be(p, gamma) reaction rate. Results were compared to continuum shell model as well as ab initio calculations and found to be in good agreement with both sets of predictions, with the notable exception of the 2+2 state. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

Recent results from experimental studies on laser-plasma coupling in a shock ignition relevant regime

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Koester, P.; Antonelli, L.; Atzeni, S.; Badziak, J.; Baffigi, F.; Batani, D.; Cecchetti, C. A.; Chodukowski, T.; Consoli, F.; Cristoforetti, G.; De Angelis, R.; Folpini, G.; Gizzi, L. A.; Kalinowska, Z.; Krousky, E.; Kucharik, M.; Labate, L.; Levato, T.; Liska, R.; Malka, G.; Maheut, Y.; Marocchino, A.; Nicolai, P.; O'Dell, T.; Parys, P.; Pisarczyk, T.; Raczka, P.; Renner, O.; Rhee, Y. J.; Ribeyre, X.; Richetta, M.; Rosinski, M.; Ryc, L.; Skala, J.; Schiavi, A.; Schurtz, G.; Smid, M.; Spindloe, C.; Ullschmied, J.; Wolowski, J.; Zaras, A.

2013-12-01

Shock ignition (SI) is an appealing approach in the inertial confinement scenario for the ignition and burn of a pre-compressed fusion pellet. In this scheme, a strong converging shock is launched by laser irradiation at an intensity Iλ2 > 1015 W cm-2 µm2 at the end of the compression phase. In this intensity regime, laser-plasma interactions are characterized by the onset of a variety of instabilities, including stimulated Raman scattering, Brillouin scattering and the two plasmon decay, accompanied by the generation of a population of fast electrons. The effect of the fast electrons on the efficiency of the shock wave production is investigated in a series of dedicated experiments at the Prague Asterix Laser Facility (PALS). We study the laser-plasma coupling in a SI relevant regime in a planar geometry by creating an extended preformed plasma with a laser beam at ˜7 × 1013 W cm-2 (250 ps, 1315 nm). A strong shock is launched by irradiation with a second laser beam at intensities in the range 1015-1016 W cm-2 (250 ps, 438 nm) at various delays with respect to the first beam. The pre-plasma is characterized using x-ray spectroscopy, ion diagnostics and interferometry. Spectroscopy and calorimetry of the backscattered radiation is performed in the spectral range 250-850 nm, including (3/2)ω, ω and ω/2 emission. The fast electron production is characterized through spectroscopy and imaging of the Kα emission. Information on the shock pressure is obtained using shock breakout chronometry and measurements of the craters produced by the shock in a massive target. Preliminary results show that the backscattered energy is in the range 3-15%, mainly due to backscattered light at the laser wavelength (438 nm), which increases with increasing the delay between the two laser beams. The values of the peak shock pressures inferred from the shock breakout times are lower than expected from 2D numerical simulations. The same simulations reveal that the 2D effects play a major role in these experiments, with the laser spot size comparable with the distance between critical and ablation layers.

78 FR 7476 - Fifth Meeting: RTCA Special Committee 227, Standards of Navigation Performance

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-01

..., DC, on January 25, 2013. Cara Hunter, NAS Business Management Branch, ANG-A14, Federal Aviation... Breakout Session (to occur daily as appropriate) Other Business Next Meeting Discussion Adjourn Attendance...

77 FR 25781 - Twenty-First Meeting: RTCA Special Committee 203, Unmanned Aircraft Systems

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-01

.... The agenda will include the following: May 22, 2012 Opening Plenary Session Welcome/Introductions... Breakout Sessions Systems Engineering Workgroup C&C Workgroup S&A Workgroup Safety Workgroup Wednesday, May...

TRIBAL LEADERS ENVIRONMENTAL SUMMIT

EPA Science Inventory

This annual conference includes general and breakout sessions relating to science or environmental management in such areas as solid waste, community planning, environmental education, contaminants, capacity building and more. The October 2000 Tribal Summit was held in Anchorage...

2017 Marine Hydrokinetic Instrumentation Workshop Report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Driscoll, Frederick R; Mauer, Erik; Rieks, Jeff

The third Marine Hydrokinetic Instrumentation Workshop was held at Florida Atlantic University's Sea Tech Campus in Dania Beach, Florida, from February 28 to March 1, 2017. The workshop brought together 37 experts in marine energy measurement, testing, and technology development to present and discuss the instrumentation and data-processing needs of the marine energy industry. The workshop was comprised of a plenary session followed by two focused breakout sessions. The half-day plenary session reviewed findings from prior instrumentation workshops, presented research activities that aim to fill previously identified gaps, and had industry experts present the state of the marine energy measurementmore » technologies. This report provides further detail on the workshop, objectives, and findings.« less

77 FR 27480 - Outer Continental Shelf Scientific Committee; Announcement of Plenary Session

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-10

... current issues. On Wednesday, May 23, the Committee will meet in discipline breakout groups (i.e., biology/ecology, physical sciences, and social sciences) to review the specific research plans of BOEM's regional...

LANDSLIDE DAMMED LAKES AT MOUNT ST. HELENS, WASHINGTON.

USGS Publications Warehouse

Meyer, William; Sabol, Martha A.; Schuster, Robert; ,

1986-01-01

The collapse of the north face of Mount St. Helens on May 18, 1980, and the debris avalanche that resulted blocked outflow from Spirit Lake and Coldwater and South Fork Castle Creeks. Spirit Lake began to increase in size and lakes began to form in the canyons of Coldwater and South Fork Castle Creeks. Coldwater and Castle Lakes would have overtopped their respective blockages in late 1981 or early 1982. Catastrophic flooding would have occurred from the breakout of Coldwater Lake while serious flooding probably would have resulted from the breakout of Castle Lake. As a result, the level of both lakes was stabilized with spillways in 1981. The three blockages are stable against liquefaction and gravitationally induced slope failure. The existence of groundwater in the blockages was observed in piezometers installed between 1981 and 1983. Groundwater mounds with water levels above lake level exist under the crest of all of the blockages.

Toward a definition of teamwork in emergency medicine.

PubMed

Fernandez, Rosemarie; Kozlowski, Steve W J; Shapiro, Marc J; Salas, Eduardo

2008-11-01

The patient safety literature from the past decade emphasizes the importance of teamwork skills and human factors in preventing medical errors. Simulation has been used within aviation, the military, and now health care domains to effectively teach and assess teamwork skills. However, attempts to expand and generalize research and training principles have been limited due to a lack of a well-defined, well-researched taxonomy. As part of the 2008 Academic Emergency Medicine Consensus Conference on "The Science of Simulation in Healthcare," a subset of the group expertise and group assessment breakout sections identified evidence-based recommendations for an emergency medicine (EM) team taxonomy and performance model. This material was disseminated within the morning session and was discussed both during breakout sessions and via online messaging. Below we present a well-defined, well-described taxonomy that will help guide design, implementation, and assessment of simulation-based team training programs.

kISMET: Stress analysis and intermediate-scale hydraulic fracturing at the Sanford Underground Research Facility

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dobson, P. F.; Oldenburg, C. M.; Wu, Y.; Cook, P. J.; Kneafsey, T. J.; Nakagawa, S.; Ulrich, C.; Siler, D. L.; Guglielmi, Y.; Ajo Franklin, J. B.; Rutqvist, J.; Daley, T. M.; Birkholzer, J. T.; Wang, H. F.; Lord, N.; Haimson, B. C.; Sone, H.; Vigilante, P.; Roggenthen, W.; Doe, T.; Lee, M.; Ingraham, M. D.; Huang, H.; Mattson, E.; Johnson, T. C.; Zhou, J.; Zoback, M. D.; Morris, J.; White, J. A.; Johnson, P. A.; Coblentz, D. D.; Heise, J.

2017-12-01

In 2015, we established a field test facility at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF), and in 2016 we carried out in situ hydraulic fracturing experiments to characterize the stress field, understand the effects of crystalline rock fabric on fracturing, and gain experience in monitoring using geophysical methods. The kISMET (permeability (k) and Induced Seismicity Management for Energy Technologies) project test site was established in the West Access Drift at the 4850 ft level, 1478 m below ground in phyllite of the Precambrian Poorman Formation. The kISMET team drilled and cored five near-vertical boreholes in a line on 3 m spacing, deviating the two outermost boreholes slightly to create a five-spot pattern around the test borehole centered in the test volume 40 m below the drift invert (floor) at a total depth of 1518 m. Laboratory measurements of core from the center test borehole showed P-wave velocity heterogeneity along each core indicating strong, fine-scale ( 1 cm or smaller) changes in the mechanical properties of the rock. Tensile strength ranges between 3‒7.5 MPa and 5‒12 MPa. Pre-fracturing numerical simulations with a discrete element code were carried out to predict fracture size and magnitude of microseismicity. Field measurements of the stress field were made using hydraulic fracturing, which produced remarkably uniformly oriented fractures suggesting rock fabric did not play a significant role in controlling fracture orientation. Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and continuous active seismic source monitoring (CASSM) were deployed in the four monitoring boreholes, and passive seismic accelerometer-based measurements in the West Access Drift were carried out during the generation of a larger fracture (so-called stimulation test). ERT was not able to detect the fracture created, nor did the accelerometers in the drift, but microseismicity was detected for the first (deepest) hydraulic-fracturing stress measurement. Analytical solutions suggest that the fracture radius of the large fracture (stimulation test) was more than 6 m, depending on the unknown amount of leak-off. Currently kISMET team members are analyzing a large number of borehole breakouts recorded in nearby boreholes at SURF to generate a more complete picture of the stress field and its variations at SURF.

Growth Hormone Research Society perspective on the development of long-acting growth hormone preparations

PubMed Central

Christiansen, Jens Sandahl; Backeljauw, Philippe F; Bidlingmaier, Martin; Biller, Beverly M K; Boguszewski, Margaret C S; Casanueva, Felipe F; Chanson, Philippe; Chatelain, Pierre; Choong, Catherine S; Clemmons, David R; Cohen, Laurie E; Cohen, Pinchas; Frystyk, Jan; Grimberg, Adda; Hasegawa, Yukihiro; Haymond, Morey W; Ho, Ken; Holly, Jeff M P; Horikawa, Reiko; Höybye, Charlotte; Jorgensen, Jens Otto L; Johannsson, Gudmundur; Juul, Anders; Katznelson, Laurence; Kopchick, John J; Lee, K O; Lee, Kuk-Wha; Luo, Xiaoping; Melmed, Shlomo; Miller, Bradley S; Misra, Madhusmita; Popovic, Vera; Rosenfeld, Ron G; Ross, Judith; Ross, Richard J; Saenger, Paul; Strasburger, Christian J; Thorner, Michael O; Werner, Haim; Yuen, Kevin

2016-01-01

Objective The Growth Hormone (GH) Research Society (GRS) convened a workshop to address important issues regarding trial design, efficacy, and safety of long-acting growth hormone preparations (LAGH). Participants A closed meeting of 55 international scientists with expertise in GH, including pediatric and adult endocrinologists, basic scientists, regulatory scientists, and participants from the pharmaceutical industry. Evidence Current literature was reviewed for gaps in knowledge. Expert opinion was used to suggest studies required to address potential safety and efficacy issues. Consensus process Following plenary presentations summarizing the literature, breakout groups discussed questions framed by the planning committee. Attendees reconvened after each breakout session to share group reports. A writing team compiled the breakout session reports into a draft document that was discussed and revised in an open forum on the concluding day. This was edited further and then circulated to attendees from academic institutions for review after the meeting. Participants from pharmaceutical companies did not participate in the planning, writing, or in the discussions and text revision on the final day of the workshop. Scientists from industry and regulatory agencies reviewed the manuscript to identify any factual errors. Conclusions LAGH compounds may represent an advance over daily GH injections because of increased convenience and differing phamacodynamic properties, providing the potential for improved adherence and outcomes. Better methods to assess adherence must be developed and validated. Long-term surveillance registries that include assessment of efficacy, cost-benefit, disease burden, quality of life, and safety are essential for understanding the impact of sustained exposure to LAGH preparations. PMID:27009113

Growth Hormone Research Society perspective on the development of long-acting growth hormone preparations.

PubMed

Christiansen, Jens Sandahl; Backeljauw, Philippe F; Bidlingmaier, Martin; Biller, Beverly M K; Boguszewski, Margaret C S; Casanueva, Felipe F; Chanson, Philippe; Chatelain, Pierre; Choong, Catherine S; Clemmons, David R; Cohen, Laurie E; Cohen, Pinchas; Frystyk, Jan; Grimberg, Adda; Hasegawa, Yukihiro; Haymond, Morey W; Ho, Ken; Hoffman, Andrew R; Holly, Jeff M P; Horikawa, Reiko; Höybye, Charlotte; Jorgensen, Jens Otto L; Johannsson, Gudmundur; Juul, Anders; Katznelson, Laurence; Kopchick, John J; Lee, K O; Lee, Kuk-Wha; Luo, Xiaoping; Melmed, Shlomo; Miller, Bradley S; Misra, Madhusmita; Popovic, Vera; Rosenfeld, Ron G; Ross, Judith; Ross, Richard J; Saenger, Paul; Strasburger, Christian J; Thorner, Michael O; Werner, Haim; Yuen, Kevin

2016-06-01

The Growth Hormone (GH) Research Society (GRS) convened a workshop to address important issues regarding trial design, efficacy, and safety of long-acting growth hormone preparations (LAGH). A closed meeting of 55 international scientists with expertise in GH, including pediatric and adult endocrinologists, basic scientists, regulatory scientists, and participants from the pharmaceutical industry. Current literature was reviewed for gaps in knowledge. Expert opinion was used to suggest studies required to address potential safety and efficacy issues. Following plenary presentations summarizing the literature, breakout groups discussed questions framed by the planning committee. Attendees reconvened after each breakout session to share group reports. A writing team compiled the breakout session reports into a draft document that was discussed and revised in an open forum on the concluding day. This was edited further and then circulated to attendees from academic institutions for review after the meeting. Participants from pharmaceutical companies did not participate in the planning, writing, or in the discussions and text revision on the final day of the workshop. Scientists from industry and regulatory agencies reviewed the manuscript to identify any factual errors. LAGH compounds may represent an advance over daily GH injections because of increased convenience and differing phamacodynamic properties, providing the potential for improved adherence and outcomes. Better methods to assess adherence must be developed and validated. Long-term surveillance registries that include assessment of efficacy, cost-benefit, disease burden, quality of life, and safety are essential for understanding the impact of sustained exposure to LAGH preparations. © 2016 The authors.

PCB-Based Break-Out Box

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lee, Jason H.

2011-01-01

Break-out boxes (BOBs) are necessary for all electrical integration/cable checkouts and troubleshooting. Because the price of a BOB is high, and no work can be done without one, often the procedure stops, simply waiting for a BOB. A less expensive BOB would take less time in the integration, testing, and troubleshooting process. The PCB-based BOB works and looks the same as a standard JPL BOB, called Gold Boxes. The only differences between the old BOB and the new PCB-based BOB is that the new one has 80 percent of its circuitry in a printed circuit board. This process reduces the time for fabrication, thus making the BOBs less expensive. Moreover, because of its unique design, the new BOBs can be easily assembled and fixed. About 80 percent of the new PCB-based BOB is in a $22 (at the time of this reporting) custom-designed, yet commercially available PCB. This device has been used successfully to verify that BOB cables were properly made. Also, upon completion, the BOB was beeped out via a multimeter to ensure that all sockets on the connectors were properly connected to the respective banana jack. When compared to the Gold Box BOBs, the new BOB has many advantages. It is much more cost efficient, it delivers equal usability at substantially lower cost of the BOB, and the Gold Box is much heavier when compared to the new BOB. The new BOB is also a bit longer and much more versatile in that connectors are easily changeable and if a banana jack is broken, it can be replaced instead of throwing away an entire BOB.

76 FR 38740 - Tenth Meeting: RTCA Special Committee 223: Airport Surface Wireless Communications

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-01

... Chapters 5,6,8--EUROCAE Chap 5--Service Specific CS Draft Chap 8--Physical Layer Discussion of Security Sub-layer--Honeywell MOPS Outline Wednesday, August 10, 2011 Wednesday Morning--MOPS WG Breakout Session...

New UK in-situ stress orientation for northern England and controls on borehole wall deformation identified using borehole imaging

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kingdon, Andrew; Fellgett, Mark W.; Waters, Colin N.

2016-04-01

The nascent development of a UK shale gas industry has highlighted the inadequacies of previous in-situ stress mapping which is fundamental to the efficacy and safety of potential fracturing operations. The limited number of stress inversions from earthquake focal plane mechanisms and overcoring measurements of in-situ stress in prospective areas increases the need for an up-to-date stress map. Borehole breakout results from 36 wells with newly interpreted borehole imaging data are presented. Across northern England these demonstrate a consistent maximum horizontal stress orientation (SHmax) orientation of 150.9° and circular standard deviation of 13.1°. These form a new and quality assured evidence base for both industry and its regulators. Widespread use of high-resolution borehole imaging tools has facilitated investigation of micro-scale relationships between stress and lithology, facilitating identification of breakouts as short as 25 cm. This is significantly shorter than those identified by older dual-caliper logging (typically 1-10+ m). Higher wall coverage (90%+ using the highest resolution tools) and decreasing pixel size (down to 4mm vertically by 2° of circumference) also facilitates identification of otherwise undetectable sub-centimetre width Drilling Induced Tensile Fractures (DIFs). Examination of borehole imaging from wells in North Yorkshire within the Carboniferous Pennine Coal Measures Group has showed that even though the stress field is uniform, complex micro-stress relationships exist. Different stress field indicators (SFI) are significantly affected by geology with differing failure responses from adjacent lithologies, highlighted by borehole imaging on sub-metre scales. Core-log-borehole imaging integration over intervals where both breakouts and DIFs have been identified allows accurate depth matching and thus allows a synthesis of failure for differing lithology and micro-structures under common in-situ conditions. Understanding these relationships requires detailed knowledge of the rock properties and how these affect deformation. Strength and brittleness of the facies are indicative of their likely failure-modes which are in turn controlled by their lithology, diagenesis and clay mineralisation, often highlighting dm-scale stress rotations around lithological boundaries. Breakouts are seen to concentrate within "seatearths" (palaeosol intervals directly under the coals), whereas intervals immediately above coals are marked disproportionately by DIFs. In-situ stress magnitude data information is not yet available for these wells, further work is required to quantify the geomechanical properties.

14 CFR 27.151 - Flight controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Flight controls. 27.151 Section 27.151 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS...) Longitudinal, lateral, directional, and collective controls may not exhibit excessive breakout force, friction...

14 CFR 29.151 - Flight controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Flight controls. 29.151 Section 29.151 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS...) Longitudinal, lateral, directional, and collective controls may not exhibit excessive breakout force, friction...

14 CFR 29.151 - Flight controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Flight controls. 29.151 Section 29.151 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS...) Longitudinal, lateral, directional, and collective controls may not exhibit excessive breakout force, friction...

14 CFR 29.151 - Flight controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Flight controls. 29.151 Section 29.151 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS...) Longitudinal, lateral, directional, and collective controls may not exhibit excessive breakout force, friction...

14 CFR 27.151 - Flight controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Flight controls. 27.151 Section 27.151 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS...) Longitudinal, lateral, directional, and collective controls may not exhibit excessive breakout force, friction...

14 CFR 27.151 - Flight controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Flight controls. 27.151 Section 27.151 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS...) Longitudinal, lateral, directional, and collective controls may not exhibit excessive breakout force, friction...

14 CFR 29.151 - Flight controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Flight controls. 29.151 Section 29.151 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS...) Longitudinal, lateral, directional, and collective controls may not exhibit excessive breakout force, friction...

14 CFR 27.151 - Flight controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Flight controls. 27.151 Section 27.151 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS...) Longitudinal, lateral, directional, and collective controls may not exhibit excessive breakout force, friction...

Closing Plenary Reports from Breakout Groups at the 5th ESA Workshop

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

EPA and its federal partner held a two-day meeting that provided a forum for stakeholder suggestions for refining some of the interim scientific methods used in the recently released draft Biological Evaluations for three pilot chemicals

DATAMAP upgrade version 4.0

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Watts, Michael E.; Dejpour, Shabob R.

1989-01-01

The changes made on the data analysis and management program DATAMAP (Data from Aeromechanics Test and Analytics - Management and Analysis Package) are detailed. These changes are made to Version 3.07 (released February, 1981) and are called Version 4.0. Version 4.0 improvements were performed by Sterling Software under contract to NASA Ames Research Center. The increased capabilities instituted in this version include the breakout of the source code into modules for ease of modification, addition of a more accurate curve fit routine, ability to handle higher frequency data, additional data analysis features, and improvements in the functionality of existing features. These modification will allow DATAMAP to be used on more data sets and will make future modifications and additions easier to implement.

Surface degassing and modifications to vesicle size distributions in active basalt flows

USGS Publications Warehouse

Cashman, K.V.; Mangan, M.T.; Newman, S.

1994-01-01

The character of the vesicle population in lava flows includes several measurable parameters that may provide important constraints on lava flow dynamics and rheology. Interpretation of vesicle size distributions (VSDs), however, requires an understanding of vesiculation processes in feeder conduits, and of post-eruption modifications to VSDs during transport and emplacement. To this end we collected samples from active basalt flows at Kilauea Volcano: (1) near the effusive Kupaianaha vent; (2) through skylights in the approximately isothermal Wahaula and Kamoamoa tube systems transporting lava to the coast; (3) from surface breakouts at different locations along the lava tubes; and (4) from different locations in a single breakout from a lava tube 1 km from the 51 vent at Pu'u 'O'o. Near-vent samples are characterized by VSDs that show exponentially decreasing numbers of vesicles with increasing vesicle size. These size distributions suggest that nucleation and growth of bubbles were continuous during ascent in the conduit, with minor associated bubble coalescence resulting from differential bubble rise. The entire vesicle population can be attributed to shallow exsolution of H2O-dominated gases at rates consistent with those predicted by simple diffusion models. Measurements of H2O, CO2 and S in the matrix glass show that the melt equilibrated rapidly at atmospheric pressure. Down-tube samples maintain similar VSD forms but show a progressive decrease in both overall vesicularity and mean vesicle size. We attribute this change to open system, "passive" rise and escape of larger bubbles to the surface. Such gas loss from the tube system results in the output of 1.2 ?? 106 g/day SO2, an output representing an addition of approximately 1% to overall volatile budget calculations. A steady increase in bubble number density with downstream distance is best explained by continued bubble nucleation at rates of 7-8/cm3s. Rates are ???25% of those estimated from the vent samples, and thus represent volatile supersaturations considerably less than those of the conduit. We note also that the small total volume represented by this new bubble population does not: (1) measurably deplete the melt in volatiles; or (2) make up for the overall vesicularity decrease resulting from the loss of larger bubbles. Surface breakout samples have distinctive VSDs characterized by an extreme depletion in the small vesicle population. This results in samples with much lower number densities and larger mean vesicle sizes than corresponding tube samples. Similar VSD patterns have been observed in solidified lava flows and are interpreted to result from either static (wall rupture) or dynamic (bubble rise and capture) coalescence. Through comparison with vent and tube vesicle populations, we suggest that, in addition to coalescence, the observed vesicle populations in the breakout samples have experienced a rapid loss of small vesicles consistent with 'ripening' of the VSD resulting from interbubble diffusion of volatiles. Confinement of ripening features to surface flows suggests that the thin skin that forms on surface breakouts may play a role in the observed VSD modification. ?? 1994.

NASA's Swift Satellite Catches First Supernova in The Act of Exploding

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

2008-05-01

GREENBELT, Md.- Thanks to a fortuitous observation with NASA’s Swift satellite, astronomers for the first time have caught a star in the act of exploding. Astronomers have previously observed thousands of stellar explosions, known as supernovae, but they have always seen them after the fireworks were well underway. "For years we have dreamed of seeing a star just as it was exploding, but actually finding one is a once in a lifetime event," says team leader Alicia Soderberg, a Hubble and Carnegie-Princeton Fellow at Princeton University in Princeton, N.J. "This newly born supernova is going to be the Rosetta stone of supernova studies for years to come." A typical supernova occurs when the core of a massive star runs out of nuclear fuel and collapses under its own gravity to form an ultradense object known as a neutron star. The newborn neutron star compresses and then rebounds, triggering a shock wave that plows through the star’s gaseous outer layers and blows the star to smithereens. Astronomers thought for nearly four decades that this shock "break-out" will produce bright X-ray emission lasting a few minutes. X-ray Image X-ray Images But until this discovery, astronomers have never observed this signal. Instead, they have observed supernovae brightening days or weeks later, when the expanding shell of debris is energized by the decay of radioactive elements forged in the explosion. "Seeing the shock break-out in X-rays can give a direct view of the exploding star in the last minutes of its life and also provide a signpost to which astronomers can quickly point their telescopes to watch the explosion unfold," says Edo Berger, a Carnegie-Princeton Fellow at Princeton University. Soderberg's discovery of the first shock breakout can be attributed to luck and Swift's unique design. On January 9, 2008, Soderberg and Berger were using Swift to observe a supernova known as SN 2007uy in the spiral galaxy NGC 2770, located 90 million light-years from Earth in the constellation Lynx. At 9:33 a.m. EST they spotted an extremely bright 5-minute X-ray outburst in NGC 2770. They quickly recognized that the X-rays were coming from another location in the same galaxy. People Who Read This Also Read... Black Holes Have Simple Feeding Habits Jet Power and Black Hole Assortment Revealed in New Chandra Image Chandra Data Reveal Rapidly Whirling Black Holes Ghostly Glow Reveals a Hidden Class of Long-Wavelength Radio Emitters In a paper submitted to Nature, Soderberg and 38 colleagues show that the energy and pattern of the X-ray outburst is consistent with a shock wave bursting through the surface of the progenitor star. This marks the birth of the supernova now known as SN 2008D. Although astronomers were lucky that Swift was observing NGC 2770 just at the moment when SN 2008D’s shock wave was blowing up the star, Swift is well equipped to study such an event because of its multiple instruments observing in gamma rays, X-rays, and ultraviolet light. "It was a gift of nature for Swift to be observing that patch of sky when the supernova exploded. But thanks to Swift's flexibility, we have been able to trace its evolution in detail every day since," says Swift lead scientist Neil Gehrels of NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md. Due to the significance of the X-ray outburst, Soderberg immediately mounted an international observing campaign to study SN 2008D. Observations were made with major telescopes such as the Hubble Space Telescope, the Chandra X-ray Observatory, the Very Large Array in New Mexico, the Gemini North telescope in Hawaii, the Keck I telescope in Hawaii, the 200-inch and 60-inch telescopes at the Palomar Observatory in California, and the 3.5-meter telescope at the Apache Point Observatory in New Mexico. The combined observations helped Soderberg and her colleagues pin down the energy of the initial X-ray outburst, which will help theorists better understand supernovae. The observations also show that SN 2008D is an ordinary Type Ibc supernova, which occurs when a massive, compact star explodes. Significantly, radio and X-ray observations found no evidence that a jet played a role in the explosion, ruling out a rare type of stellar explosion known as a gamma-ray burst. "This was a typical supernova," says Swift team member Stefan Immler of NASA Goddard. "The significance is not the explosion itself, but the fact that we were able to see the star blow up in real time, which gives us unprecedented insight into the explosion process."

48 CFR 207.171-3 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... it is anticipated that a prime contract will be awarded without adequate price competition, and the prime contractor is expected to acquire any component without adequate price competition, the agency... price competition, the agency shall consider breakout of the component if substantial net cost savings...

Summary of breakout session f: facility and equipment decontamination strategies.

PubMed

Norwood, Laurie P; Suvarna, Kalavati

2011-01-01

CONFERENCE PROCEEDING Proceedings of the PDA/FDA Adventitious Viruses in Biologics: Detection and Mitigation Strategies Workshop in Bethesda, MD, USA; December 1-3, 2010 Guest Editors: Arifa Khan (Bethesda, MD), Patricia Hughes (Bethesda, MD) and Michael Wiebe (San Francisco, CA).

14 CFR 27.151 - Flight controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Flight controls. 27.151 Section 27.151... STANDARDS: NORMAL CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Flight Flight Characteristics § 27.151 Flight controls. (a) Longitudinal, lateral, directional, and collective controls may not exhibit excessive breakout force, friction...

14 CFR 29.151 - Flight controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Flight controls. 29.151 Section 29.151... STANDARDS: TRANSPORT CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Flight Flight Characteristics § 29.151 Flight controls. (a) Longitudinal, lateral, directional, and collective controls may not exhibit excessive breakout force, friction...

Prompt gamma-ray emission of GRB 170817A associated to GW 170817: A consistent picture

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ziaeepour, Houri

2018-05-01

The short GRB 170817A associated to the first detection of gravitation waves from a Binary Neutron Star (BNS) merger was in many ways unusual. Possible explanations are emission from a cocoon or cocoon break out, off-axis view of a structured or uniform jet, and on-axis ultra-relativistic jet with reduced density and Lorentz factor. Here we use a phenomenological model of shock evolution and synchrotron/self-Compton emission to simulate the prompt emission of GRB 170817A and to test above proposals. We find that synchrotron emission from a mildly relativistic cocoon with a Lorentz factor of 2-3, as considered in the literature, generates a too soft, too long, and too bright prompt emission. Off-axis view of an structured jet with a Lorentz factor of about 10 can reproduce observations, but needs a very efficient transfer of kinetic energy to electrons in internal shocks, which is disfavored by particle in cell simulations. We also comment on cocoon breakout as a mechanism for generation of the prompt gamma-ray. A relativistic jet with a Lorentz factor of about 100 and a density lower than typical short GRBs seems to be the most plausible model and we conclude that GRB 170817A was intrinsically faint. Based on this result and findings of relativistic magnetohydrodynamics simulations of BNS merger in the literature we discuss physical and astronomical conditions, which may lead to such faint short GRBs. We identify small mass difference of progenitor neutron stars, their old age and reduced magnetic field, and anti-alignment of spin-orbit angular momentum induced by environmental gravitational disturbances during the lifetime of the BNS as causes for the faintness of GRB 170817A. We predict that BNS mergers at lower redshifts generate on average fainter GRBs.

Stress state and its anomaly observations in the vicinity of a fault in NanTroSEIZE Expedition 322

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, Hung-Yu; Saito, Saneatsu; Kinoshita, Masataka

2015-12-01

To better understand the stress state and geological properties within the shallow Shikoku Basin, southwest of Japan, two sites, C0011A and C0011B, were drilled in open-ocean sediments using Logging While Drilling (LWD) and coring, respectively. Resistivity image logging was performed at C0011A from sea floor to 950 m below sea floor (mbsf). At C0011B, the serial coring was obtained in order to determine physical properties from 340 to 880 mbsf. For the LWD images, a notable breakout anomaly was observed at a depth of 615 m. Using resistivity images and a stress polygon, the potential horizontal principal stress azimuth and its magnitude within the 500-750 mbsf section of the C0011A borehole were constrained. Borehole breakout azimuths were observed for the variation by the existence of a fault zone at a depth of 615 mbsf. Out of this fracture zone, the breakout azimuth was located at approximately 109° ± 12°, subparallel to the Nankai Trough convergence vector (300-315°). Our calculations describe a stress drop was determined based on the fracture geometry. A close 90° (73° ± 12°) rotation implied a 100% stress drop, defined as a maximum shear stress drop equal to 1 MPa. The magnitude of the horizontal principal stresses near the fracture stress anomaly ranged between 49 and 52 MPa, and the bearing to the vertical stress (Sv = 52 MPa) was found to be within the normal-faulting stress regime. Low rock strength and a low stress level are necessary to satisfy the observations.

Categorization of hyperspectral information (HSI) based on the distribution of spectra in hyperspace

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Resmini, Ronald G.

2003-09-01

Hyperspectral information (HSI) data are commonly categorized by a description of the dominant physical geographic background captured in the image cube. In other words, HSI categorization is commonly based on a cursory, visual assessment of whether the data are of desert, forest, urban, littoral, jungle, alpine, etc., terrains. Additionally, often the design of HSI collection experiments is based on the acquisition of data of the various backgrounds or of objects of interest within the various terrain types. These data are for assessing and quantifying algorithm performance as well as for algorithm development activities. Here, results of an investigation into the validity of the backgrounds-driven mode of characterizing the diversity of hyperspectral data are presented. HSI data are described quantitatively, in the space where most algorithms operate: n-dimensional (n-D) hyperspace, where n is the number of bands in an HSI data cube. Nineteen metrics designed to probe hyperspace are applied to 14 HYDICE HSI data cubes that represent nine different backgrounds. Each of the 14 sets (one for each HYDICE cube) of 19 metric values was analyzed for clustering. With the present set of data and metrics, there is no clear, unambiguous break-out of metrics based on the nine different geographic backgrounds. The break-outs clump seemingly unrelated data types together; e.g., littoral and urban/residential. Most metrics are normally distributed and indicate no clustering; one metric is one outlier away from normal (i.e., two clusters); and five are comprised of two distributions (i.e., two clusters). Overall, there are three different break-outs that do not correspond to conventional background categories. Implications of these preliminary results are discussed as are recommendations for future work.

The 18Ne(α,p)21Na breakout reaction in x-ray bursts: Experimental determination of spin-parities for α resonances in 22Mg via resonant elastic scattering of 21Na+p

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

He, J. J.; Zhang, L. Y.; Parikh, A.; Xu, S. W.; Yamaguchi, H.; Kahl, D.; Kubono, S.; Hu, J.; Ma, P.; Chen, S. Z.; Wakabayashi, Y.; Sun, B. H.; Wang, H. W.; Tian, W. D.; Chen, R. F.; Guo, B.; Hashimoto, T.; Togano, Y.; Hayakawa, S.; Teranishi, T.; Iwasa, N.; Yamada, T.; Komatsubara, T.

2013-07-01

The 18Ne(α,p)21Na reaction provides a pathway for breakout from the hot CNO cycles to the rp process in type-I x-ray bursts. To better determine this astrophysical reaction rate, the resonance parameters of the compound nucleus 22Mg have been investigated by measuring the resonant elastic scattering of 21Na+p. An 89 MeV 21Na radioactive ion beam was produced at the CNS Radioactive Ion Beam Separator and bombarded an 8.8 mg/cm2 thick polyethylene target. The recoiled protons were measured at scattering angles of θc.m.≈175∘ and 152∘ by three ΔE-E silicon telescopes. The excitation function was obtained with a thick-target method over energies Ex(22Mg) = 5.5-9.2 MeV. The resonance parameters have been determined through an R-matrix analysis. For the first time, the Jπ values for ten states above the α threshold in 22Mg have been experimentally determined in a single consistent measurement. We have made three new Jπ assignments and confirmed seven of the ten tentative assignments in the previous work. The 18Ne(α,p)21Na reaction rate has been recalculated, and the astrophysical impact of our new rate has been investigated through one-zone postprocessing x-ray burst calculations. We find that the 18Ne(α,p)21Na rate significantly affects the peak nuclear energy generation rate and the onset temperature of this breakout reaction in these phenomena.

SYMPATHETIC PARTIAL AND FULL FILAMENT ERUPTIONS OBSERVED IN ONE SOLAR BREAKOUT EVENT

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shen Yuandeng; Liu Yu; Su Jiangtao, E-mail: ydshen@ynao.ac.cn

2012-05-01

We report two sympathetic solar eruptions including a partial and a full flux rope eruption in a quadrupolar magnetic region where a large and a small filament resided above the middle and the east neutral lines, respectively. The large filament first rose slowly at a speed of 8 km s{sup -1} for 23 minutes; it then accelerated to 102 km s{sup -1}. Finally, this filament erupted successfully and caused a coronal mass ejection. During the slow rising phase, various evidence for breakout-like external reconnection has been identified at high and low temperature lines. The eruption of the small filament startedmore » around the end of the large filament's slow rising. This filament erupted partially, and no associated coronal mass ejection could be detected. Based on a potential field extrapolation, we find that the topology of the three-dimensional coronal field above the source region is composed of three low-lying lobes and a large overlying flux system, and a null point located between the middle lobe and the overlying antiparallel flux system. We propose a possible mechanism within the framework of the magnetic breakout model to interpret the sympathetic filament eruptions, in which the magnetic implosion mechanism is thought to be a possible link between the sympathetic eruptions, and the external reconnection at the null point transfers field lines from the middle lobe to the lateral lobes and thereby leads to the full (partial) eruption of the observed large (small) filament. Other possible mechanisms are also discussed briefly. We conclude that the structural properties of coronal fields are important for producing sympathetic eruptions.« less

Growth Hormone Research Society perspective on biomarkers of GH action in children and adults.

PubMed

Johannsson, Gudmundur; Bidlingmaier, Martin; Biller, Beverly M K; Boguszewski, Margaret; Casanueva, Felipe F; Chanson, Philippe; Clayton, Peter E; Choong, Catherine S; Clemmons, David; Dattani, Mehul; Frystyk, Jan; Ho, Ken; Hoffman, Andrew R; Horikawa, Reiko; Juul, Anders; Kopchick, John J; Luo, Xiaoping; Neggers, Sebastian; Netchine, Irene; Olsson, Daniel S; Radovick, Sally; Rosenfeld, Ron; Ross, Richard J; Schilbach, Katharina; Solberg, Paulo; Strasburger, Christian; Trainer, Peter; Yuen, Kevin C J; Wickstrom, Kerstin; Jorgensen, Jens O L

2018-03-01

The Growth Hormone Research Society (GRS) convened a Workshop in 2017 to evaluate clinical endpoints, surrogate endpoints and biomarkers during GH treatment of children and adults and in patients with acromegaly. GRS invited 34 international experts including clinicians, basic scientists, a regulatory scientist and physicians from the pharmaceutical industry. Current literature was reviewed and expert opinion was utilized to establish the state of the art and identify current gaps and unmet needs. Following plenary presentations, breakout groups discussed questions framed by the planning committee. The attendees re-convened after each breakout session to share the group reports. A writing team compiled the breakout session reports into a document that was subsequently discussed and revised by participants. This was edited further and circulated for final review after the meeting. Participants from pharmaceutical companies were not part of the writing process. The clinical endpoint in paediatric GH treatment is adult height with height velocity as a surrogate endpoint. Increased life expectancy is the ideal but unfeasible clinical endpoint of GH treatment in adult GH-deficient patients (GHDA) and in patients with acromegaly. The pragmatic clinical endpoints in GHDA include normalization of body composition and quality of life, whereas symptom relief and reversal of comorbidities are used in acromegaly. Serum IGF-I is widely used as a biomarker, even though it correlates weakly with clinical endpoints in GH treatment, whereas in acromegaly, normalization of IGF-I may be related to improvement in mortality. There is an unmet need for novel biomarkers that capture the pleiotropic actions of GH in relation to GH treatment and in patients with acromegaly. © 2018 Growth Hormone Research Society.

Inventing Our Future

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith, Glenn; Vosevich, Mary; O'Connor, Michael; Whitefield, Joe; Medlin, E. Lander

2011-01-01

Glenn Smith, APPA's Vice President for Professional Development, had the honor of introducing the closing panel discussion at APPA's annual conference in Boston last July--a discussion centered on the theme "Inventing Our Future." Previous general plenary sessions and related breakout sessions had explored the challenges people face in these…

78 FR 32579 - Airworthiness Directives; Bombardier, Inc. Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-31

... elevator control system. Investigation revealed that, the increase in the elevator breakout force induced by the introduction of a new elevator centering mechanism, in combination with the existing [[Page... behaviors of the elevator control system. This proposed AD would require repetitive replacement of the...

Major Martian Volcanoes from MOLA - Arsia Mons

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2000-01-01

Two views of Arsia Mons, the southern most of the Tharsis montes, shown as topography draped over a Viking image mosaic. MOLA topography clearly shows the caldera structure and the flank massive breakout that produced a major side lobe. The vertical exaggeration is 10:1.

76 FR 70165 - Ballistic-Resistant Body Armor Standard Workshop

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-10

...-on-one discussion with personnel leading development of the revised standard. Time slots for individual breakout sessions may be requested from the registration page indicated below. Additional time... the general session. Individual time slots will be available on the registration page. We request that...

Gasoline Distribution Facilities (Bulk Gasoline Terminals and Pipeline Breakout Stations) Air Toxics Rule Fact Sheets

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This page contains a November 1994 fact sheet for the final NESHAP for Gasoline Distribution Facilities. This page also contains a December fact sheet with information regarding the final amendments to the 2003 final rule for the NESHAP.

The Confinement and Breakout of Protostellar Winds: Time-Dependent Solution

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wilkin, F.; Stahler, S.

2000-01-01

Jets from embedded young stars may be collimated by the anisotropic infall of their cloud envelopes. To model this effect, we have followed numerically the motion of the shocked shell created by the impact of a spherical wind and a rotating, collapsing cloud.

V&V of Fault Management: Challenges and Successes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fesq, Lorraine M.; Costello, Ken; Ohi, Don; Lu, Tiffany; Newhouse, Marilyn

2013-01-01

This paper describes the results of a special breakout session of the NASA Independent Verification and Validation (IV&V) Workshop held in the fall of 2012 entitled "V&V of Fault Management: Challenges and Successes." The NASA IV&V Program is in a unique position to interact with projects across all of the NASA development domains. Using this unique opportunity, the IV&V program convened a breakout session to enable IV&V teams to share their challenges and successes with respect to the V&V of Fault Management (FM) architectures and software. The presentations and discussions provided practical examples of pitfalls encountered while performing V&V of FM including the lack of consistent designs for implementing faults monitors and the fact that FM information is not centralized but scattered among many diverse project artifacts. The discussions also solidified the need for an early commitment to developing FM in parallel with the spacecraft systems as well as clearly defining FM terminology within a project.

DOE Office of Energy Research laboratories self-asessment workshop: The nuts and bolts of implementation, July 27--28, 1993

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

Making self-assessment a ``cultural norm`` at the DOE Office of Energy Research (ER) laboratories has been a tremendous challenge. In an effort to provide a forum for the ER laboratories to share their self-assessment program implementation experiences, the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory hosted a Self-Assessment Workshop: July 1993. The workshop was organized to cover such areas as: DOE`s vision of self-assessment; what makes a workable program; line management experiences; how to identify root causes and trends; integrating quality assurance, conduct of operations, and self-assessment; and going beyond environment, safety, and health. Individuals from the ER laboratories wishing to participate in themore » workshop were invited to speak on topics of their choice. The workshop was organized to cover general topics in morning presentations to all attendees and to cover selected topics at afternoon breakout sessions. This report summarizes the presentations and breakout discussions.« less

New portal to the 15O(α ,γ )19Ne resonance triggering CNO-cycle breakout

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wrede, C.; Glassman, B. E.; Pérez-Loureiro, D.; Allen, J. M.; Bardayan, D. W.; Bennett, M. B.; Brown, B. A.; Chipps, K. A.; Febbraro, M.; Fry, C.; Hall, M. R.; Hall, O.; Liddick, S. N.; O'Malley, P.; Ong, W.-J.; Pain, S. D.; Schwartz, S. B.; Shidling, P.; Sims, H.; Thompson, P.; Zhang, H.

2017-09-01

The 15O(α ,γ )19Ne reaction is expected to trigger the initial path for breakout from the CNO hydrogen-burning cycles to the rapid proton capture (r p ) process in type I x-ray bursts on accreting neutron stars. The thermonuclear reaction rate has a major impact on models of type I x-ray burst observables and it depends on the small α -particle branching ratio, Γα/Γ , of the 4.03 MeV state in 19Ne. Attempts to measure Γα/Γ by populating the 4.03 MeV state using nuclear reactions have only led to strong upper limits. In the present work, we report the first experimental evidence that the 4.03 MeV 19Ne state is populated in 20Mg β -delayed proton emission. This new channel has the potential to provide the necessary sensitivity to detect a finite value of Γα/Γ .

Relativistic Jets from Collapsars

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aloy, M. A.; Müller, E.; Ibáñez, J. M.; Martí, J. M.; MacFadyen, A.

2000-03-01

Using a collapsar progenitor model of MacFadyen & Woosley, we have simulated the propagation of an axisymmetric jet through a collapsing rotating massive star with the GENESIS multidimensional relativistic hydrodynamic code. The jet forms as a consequence of an assumed (constant or variable) energy deposition in the range of 1050-1051 ergs s-1 within a 30 deg cone around the rotation axis. The jet flow is strongly beamed (approximately less than a few degrees), spatially inhomogeneous, and time dependent. The jet reaches the surface of the stellar progenitor (R*=2.98x1010 cm) intact. At breakout, the maximum Lorentz factor of the jet flow is 33. After breakout, the jet accelerates into the circumstellar medium, whose density is assumed to decrease exponentially and then become constant, ρext=10-5 g cm-3. Outside the star, the flow begins to expand laterally also (v~c), but the beam remains very well collimated. At a distance of 2.54 R*, where the simulation ends, the Lorentz factor has increased to 44.

The first ten years of Swift supernovae

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brown, Peter J.; Roming, Peter W. A.; Milne, Peter A.

2015-09-01

The Swift Gamma Ray Burst Explorer has proven to be an incredible platform for studying the multiwavelength properties of supernova explosions. In its first ten years, Swift has observed over three hundred supernovae. The ultraviolet observations reveal a complex diversity of behavior across supernova types and classes. Even amongst the standard candle type Ia supernovae, ultraviolet observations reveal distinct groups. When the UVOT data is combined with higher redshift optical data, the relative populations of these groups appear to change with redshift. Among core-collapse supernovae, Swift discovered the shock breakout of two supernovae and the Swift data show a diversity in the cooling phase of the shock breakout of supernovae discovered from the ground and promptly followed up with Swift. Swift observations have resulted in an incredible dataset of UV and X-ray data for comparison with high-redshift supernova observations and theoretical models. Swift's supernova program has the potential to dramatically improve our understanding of stellar life and death as well as the history of our universe.

Collapsar γ-ray bursts: how the luminosity function dictates the duration distribution

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Petropoulou, Maria; Barniol Duran, Rodolfo; Giannios, Dimitrios

2017-12-01

Jets in long-duration γ-ray bursts (GRBs) have to drill through the collapsing star in order to break out of it and produce the γ-ray signal while the central engine is still active. If the breakout time is shorter for more powerful engines, then the jet-collapsar interaction acts as a filter of less luminous jets. We show that the observed broken power-law GRB luminosity function is a natural outcome of this process. For a theoretically motivated breakout time that scales with jet luminosity as L-χ with χ ∼ 1/3-1/2, we show that the shape of the γ-ray duration distribution can be uniquely determined by the GRB luminosity function and matches the observed one. This analysis has also interesting implications about the supernova-central engine connection. We show that not only successful jets can deposit sufficient energy in the stellar envelope to power the GRB-associated supernovae, but also failed jets may operate in all Type Ib/c supernovae.

Consequences of the Breakout Model for Particle Acceleration in CMEs and Flares

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Antiochos, S. K.; Karpen, J. T.; DeVore, C. R.

2011-01-01

The largest and most efficient particle accelerators in the solar system are the giant events consisting of a fast coronal mass ejection (CME) and an intense X-class solar flare. Both flares and CMEs can produce l0(exp 32) ergs or more in nonthermal particles. Two general processes are believed to be responsible: particle acceleration at the strong shock ahead of the CME, and reconnection-driven acceleration in the flare current sheet. Although shock acceleration is relatively well understood, the mechanism by which flare reconnection produces nonthermal particles is still an issue of great debate. We address the question of CME/flare particle acceleration in the context of the breakout model using 2.5D MHD simulations with adaptive mesh refinement (AMR). The AMR capability allows us to achieve ultra-high numerical resolution and, thereby, determine the detailed structure and dynamics of the flare reconnection region. Furthermore, we employ newly developed numerical analysis tools for identifying and characterizing magnetic nulls, so that we can quantify accurately the number and location of magnetic islands during reconnection. Our calculations show that flare reconnection is dominated by the formation of magnetic islands. In agreement with many other studies, we find that the number of islands scales with the effective Lundquist number. This result supports the recent work by Drake and co-workers that postulates particle acceleration by magnetic islands. On the other hand, our calculations also show that the flare reconnection region is populated by numerous shocks and other indicators of strong turbulence, which can also accelerate particles. We discuss the implications of our calculations for the flare particle acceleration mechanism and for observational tests of the models.

75 FR 60495 - Eighteenth Plenary Meeting: RTCA Special Committee 203: Unmanned Aircraft Systems

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-30

..., 20036; telephone (202) 833-9339; fax (202) 833-9434; Web site http://www.rtca.org . SUPPLEMENTARY... Product Team Breakout Session. RTCA Workspace Web Tool. Closing Plenary Session. Plenary Adjourns until... Engineering Workgroup. Control and Communications Workgroup. Sense and Avoid Workgroup. Wednesday, October...

49 CFR 195.430 - Firefighting equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Firefighting equipment. 195.430 Section 195.430... PIPELINE Operation and Maintenance § 195.430 Firefighting equipment. Each operator shall maintain adequate firefighting equipment at each pump station and breakout tank area. The equipment must be— (a) In proper...

49 CFR 195.557 - Which pipelines must have coating for external corrosion control?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... corrosion control? 195.557 Section 195.557 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation...) PIPELINE SAFETY TRANSPORTATION OF HAZARDOUS LIQUIDS BY PIPELINE Corrosion Control § 195.557 Which pipelines must have coating for external corrosion control? Except bottoms of aboveground breakout tanks, each...

49 CFR 195.557 - Which pipelines must have coating for external corrosion control?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... corrosion control? 195.557 Section 195.557 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation...) PIPELINE SAFETY TRANSPORTATION OF HAZARDOUS LIQUIDS BY PIPELINE Corrosion Control § 195.557 Which pipelines must have coating for external corrosion control? Except bottoms of aboveground breakout tanks, each...

49 CFR 195.557 - Which pipelines must have coating for external corrosion control?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... corrosion control? 195.557 Section 195.557 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation...) PIPELINE SAFETY TRANSPORTATION OF HAZARDOUS LIQUIDS BY PIPELINE Corrosion Control § 195.557 Which pipelines must have coating for external corrosion control? Except bottoms of aboveground breakout tanks, each...

49 CFR 195.557 - Which pipelines must have coating for external corrosion control?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... corrosion control? 195.557 Section 195.557 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation...) PIPELINE SAFETY TRANSPORTATION OF HAZARDOUS LIQUIDS BY PIPELINE Corrosion Control § 195.557 Which pipelines must have coating for external corrosion control? Except bottoms of aboveground breakout tanks, each...

49 CFR 195.132 - Design and construction of aboveground breakout tanks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... SAFETY TRANSPORTATION OF HAZARDOUS LIQUIDS BY PIPELINE Design Requirements § 195.132 Design and... to withstand the internal pressure produced by the hazardous liquid to be stored therein and any...) and with internal vapor space pressures that are approximately atmospheric must be designed and...

49 CFR 195.132 - Design and construction of aboveground breakout tanks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... SAFETY TRANSPORTATION OF HAZARDOUS LIQUIDS BY PIPELINE Design Requirements § 195.132 Design and... to withstand the internal pressure produced by the hazardous liquid to be stored therein and any...) and with internal vapor space pressures that are approximately atmospheric must be designed and...

49 CFR 195.132 - Design and construction of aboveground breakout tanks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... SAFETY TRANSPORTATION OF HAZARDOUS LIQUIDS BY PIPELINE Design Requirements § 195.132 Design and... to withstand the internal pressure produced by the hazardous liquid to be stored therein and any...) and with internal vapor space pressures that are approximately atmospheric must be designed and...

49 CFR 195.132 - Design and construction of aboveground breakout tanks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... SAFETY TRANSPORTATION OF HAZARDOUS LIQUIDS BY PIPELINE Design Requirements § 195.132 Design and... to withstand the internal pressure produced by the hazardous liquid to be stored therein and any...) and with internal vapor space pressures that are approximately atmospheric must be designed and...

49 CFR 195.132 - Design and construction of aboveground breakout tanks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... SAFETY TRANSPORTATION OF HAZARDOUS LIQUIDS BY PIPELINE Design Requirements § 195.132 Design and... to withstand the internal pressure produced by the hazardous liquid to be stored therein and any...) and with internal vapor space pressures that are approximately atmospheric must be designed and...

75 FR 16157 - Pharmaceutical Supply Chain; Public Workshop

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-31

... supply of high quality, safe, and effective drug products and drug ingredients depends upon a series of... patients. Through a series of plenary sessions and working group breakout sessions, the workshop will... environment. Share improvements in programs and technology. Identify any barriers to securing the entire...

49 CFR 195.557 - Which pipelines must have coating for external corrosion control?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... corrosion control? 195.557 Section 195.557 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation...) PIPELINE SAFETY TRANSPORTATION OF HAZARDOUS LIQUIDS BY PIPELINE Corrosion Control § 195.557 Which pipelines must have coating for external corrosion control? Except bottoms of aboveground breakout tanks, each...

Evidence for Gradual External Reconnection Before Explosive Eruption of a Solar Filament

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sterling, Alphonse C.; Moore, Ronald L.

2004-01-01

We observe a slowly evolving quiet-region solar eruption of 1999 April 18, using extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) images from the EUV Imaging Telescope (EIT) on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) and soft X-ray images from the Soft X-ray Telescope (SXT) on Yohkoh. Using difference images, in which an early image is subtracted from later images, we examine dimmings and brightenings in the region for evidence of the eruption mechanism. A filament rose slowly at about 1 km/s for 6 hours before being rapidly ejected at about 16 km/s leaving flare brightenings and postflare loops in its wake. Magnetograms from the Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) on SOHO show that the eruption occurred in a large quadrupolar magnetic region with the filament located on the neutral line of the quadrupole s central inner lobe between the inner two of the four polarity domains. In step with the slow rise, subtle EIT dimmings commence and gradually increase over the two polarity domains on one side of the filament, i.e., in some of the loops of one of the two sidelobes of the quadrupole. Concurrently, soft X-ray brightenings gradually increase in both sidelobes. Both of these effects suggest heating in the sidelobe magnetic arcades. which gradually increase over several hours before the fast eruption. Also, during the slow pre- eruption phase, SXT dimmings gradually increase in the feet and legs of the central lobe, indicating expansion of the central-lobe magnetic arcade enveloping the filament. During the rapid ejection. these dimmings rapidly grow in darkness and in area, especially in the ends of the sigmoid field that erupts with the filament. and flare brightenings begin underneath the fast-moving but still low-altitude filament. We consider two models for explaining the eruption: "breakout. which says that reconnection occurs high above the filament prior to eruption, and tether cutting, which says that the eruption is unleashed by reconnection beneath the filament. The pre-eruption evolution is consistent with gradual breakout that led to (and perhaps caused) the fast eruption. Tether-cutting reconnection below the filament begins early in the rapid ejection. but our data are not complete enough to determine whether this reconnection began early enough to be the cause of the fast-phase onset. Thus, our observations are consistent with gradual breakout reconnection causing the long slow rise of the filament, but allow the cause of the sudden onset of the explosive fast phase to be either a jump in the breakout reconnection rate or the onset of runaway tether-cutting reconnection. or both.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Peter H. Titus, et. al.

The ITER vertical stability (VS) coils have been developed through the preliminary design phase by Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL). Final design, prototyping and construction will be carried out by the Chinese Participant Team contributing lab, Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ASIPP). The VS coils are a part of the in-vessel coil systems which include edge localized mode (ELM) coils as well as the VS coils. An overview of the ELM coils is provided in another paper at this conference. 15 The VS design employs four turns of stainless steel jacketed mineral insulated copper (SSMIC) conductors Themore » mineral insulation is Magnesium Oxide (MgO). Joule and nuclear heat is removed by water flowing at 3 m/s through the hollow copper conductor. A key element in the design is that slightly elevated temperatures in the conductor and its support spine during operation impose compressive stresses that mitigate fatigue damage. Away from joints, and break-outs, conductor thermal stresses are low because of the axisymmetry of the winding (there are no corner bends as in the ELM coils).The 120 degree segment joint, and break-out or terminal regions are designed with similar but imperfect constraint compared with the ring coil portion of the VS. The support for the break-out region is made from a high strength copper alloy, CuCrZr. This is needed to conduct nuclear heat to the actively cooled conductor and to the vessel wall. The support "spine" for the ring coil portion of the VS is 316 stainless steel, held to the vessel with preloaded 718 bolts. Lorentz loads resulting from normal operating loads, disruption loads and loads from disruption currents in the support spine shared with vessel, are applied to the VS coil. The transmission of the Lorentz and thermal expansion loads from the "spine" to the vessel rails is via friction augmented with a restraining "lip" to ensure the coil frictional slip is minimal and acceptable. Stresses in the coil, joints, and break-outs are presented. These are compared with static and fatigue allowables. Design for fatigue is much less demanding than for the ELM coils. A total of 30,000 cycles is required for VS design. Loads on the vessel due to the thermal expansion of the coil and spine are significant. Efforts to reduce these by reducing the cross section of the spine have been made but the vessel still must support loads resulting from restraint of thermal expansion.« less

Knowledge sharing to facilitate regulatory decision-making in regard to alternatives to animal testing: Report of an EPAA workshop.

PubMed

Ramirez, Tzutzuy; Beken, Sonja; Chlebus, Magda; Ellis, Graham; Griesinger, Claudius; De Jonghe, Sandra; Manou, Irene; Mehling, Annette; Reisinger, Kerstin; Rossi, Laura H; van Benthem, Jan; van der Laan, Jan Willem; Weissenhorn, Renate; Sauer, Ursula G

2015-10-01

The European Partnership for Alternative Approaches to Animal Testing (EPAA) convened a workshop Knowledge sharing to facilitate regulatory decision-making. Fifty invited participants from the European Commission, national and European agencies and bodies, different industry sectors (chemicals, cosmetics, fragrances, pharmaceuticals, vaccines), and animal protection organizations attended the workshop. Four case studies exemplarily revealed which procedures are in place to obtain regulatory acceptance of new test methods in different sectors. Breakout groups discussed the status quo identifying the following facilitators for regulatory acceptance of alternatives to animal testing: Networking and communication (including cross-sector collaboration, international cooperation and harmonization); involvement of regulatory agencies from the initial stages of test method development on; certainty on prerequisites for test method acceptance including the establishment of specific criteria for regulatory acceptance. Data sharing and intellectual property issues affect many aspects of test method development, validation and regulatory acceptance. In principle, all activities should address replacement, reduction and refinement methods (albeit animal testing is generally prohibited in the cosmetics sector). Provision of financial resources and education support all activities aiming at facilitating the acceptance and use of alternatives to animal testing. Overall, workshop participants recommended building confidence in new methodologies by applying and gaining experience with them. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Seismic anisotropy from walk-around VSP data in the Kumano basin south of Kii Peninsula (IODP Site C0009A)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tsuji, T.; Hino, R.; Sanada, Y.; Park, J.; No, T.; Araki, E.; Kinoshita, M.; Bangs, N. L.; von Huene, R.; Moore, G. F.

2010-12-01

We estimated seismic anisotropy from the walk-around Vertical Seismic Profiling (VSP) data in Site C0009A obtained during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 319. It is generally agreed that seismic anisotropy within sediments is related to the cracks. For vertical cracks (Horizontal Transverse Isotropy; HTI), the fast velocity direction coincides with the direction of crack alignment, while the degree of velocity difference provides information about crack density (Crampin, 1985). If cracks are produced by a regional tectonic stress field, seismic anisotropy can be used to estimate stress orientation and magnitude. In unconsolidated sequence, furthermore, the stress-induced anisotropy can be observed due to increasing contact between grains (Johnson et al., 1998). In this case (increasing grain-contact), the fast velocity direction from walk-around VSP experiment is also consistent with the principal horizontal stress direction. Site C0009A is located in the Kumano basin where ~1350m unconsolidated Kumano basin sediment overlies the accretionary prism. During VSP operations, we obtained walk-away, walk-around, and zero-offset VSP data (Saffer et al., 2009). We used mainly walk-around VSP data to study seismic anisotropy. In the walk-around VSP experiments, R/V Kairei deployed 4 air-gun strings (128 L total volume) and generated 275 shots. The shooting interval was 30s and the distance from the borehole was a constant 3.5 km. We deployed the Vertical Seismic Imager (VSI) wireline tool into the borehole between 2989 and 3218m below the sea surface (935-1164m below seafloor). This interval corresponds to the bottom of the Kumano basin sediment section. From the walk-around VSP data, we obtained the following anisotropic parameters: (1) P-wave velocity anisotropy derived from azimuthal velocity analysis (Grechka and Tsvankin, 1998), (2) P-wave amplitude variation with azimuth (AVAZ), and (3) S-wave amplitude variation with azimuth associated with S-wave splitting (Haacke et al., 2009). We observed the S-wave splitting both from the upgoing and downgoing converted S-waves. These analyses demonstrate that the P-wave velocity anisotropy within the Kumano basin sediment (above the VSI tool) is ~5 %. The fast velocity direction and strong amplitude direction are aligned with the convergence vector of the Philippine Sea plate. The fast velocity as well as strong amplitude is clearly observed for at 180 degree from the convergence vector. Therefore the dip of the Kumano basin sequence (Tilted Transverse Isotropy; TTI) should have only a subtle effect on our results. These results indicate that the maximum horizontal stress orientation is the subduction direction at Site C0009C. This observation is consistent with the principal stress orientation estimated from borehole breakout at same borehole (Kinoshita et al., 2008).

Antenatal Testing – A Reevaluation

PubMed Central

Signore, Caroline; Freeman, Roger K.; Spong, Catherine Y.

2009-01-01

In August 2007, the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, the National Institutes of Health Office of Rare Diseases, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, and the American Academy of Pediatrics cosponsored a 2-day workshop to reassess the body of evidence supporting antepartum assessment of fetal well-being, identify key gaps in the evidence, and formulate recommendations for further research. Participants included experts in obstetrics and fetal physiology, and representatives from relevant stakeholder groups and organizations. This article is a summary of the discussions at the workshop, including synopses of oral presentations on the epidemiology of stillbirth and fetal neurological injury, fetal physiology, techniques for antenatal monitoring, and maternal and fetal indications for monitoring. Finally, a synthesis of recommendations for further research compiled from three breakout workgroups is presented. PMID:19300336

Nanotechnology for forest products. Part 2

Treesearch

Theodore Wegner; Phil Jones

2005-01-01

In planning for the Nanotechnology for the Forest products Industry Workshop, we considered many different options for organizing technical focus areas for breakout discussion sessions. We felt the fallowing R&D focus areas provide the best path forward for a nanotechnology roadmap by identifying the underlying science and technology needed: also, they foster...

Research-Practice Integration in Real Practice Settings: Issues and Suggestions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cheung, Monit; Ma, Anny K.; Thyer, Bruce A.; Webb, Ann E.

2015-01-01

At the National Bridging the Research and Practice Gap Symposium to discuss evidence-based practice (EBP) in social work, 150 participants attended five breakout groups to address real practice setting applications. These participants from social work academia and practice communities addressed issues and looked for solutions to promote…

76 FR 24957 - Nineteenth Meeting: RTCA Special Committee 203: Unmanned Aircraft Systems

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-03

..., Washington, DC, 20036, telephone (202) 833-9339, fax (202) 833-9434, Web site http://www.rtca.org... Session Closing Plenary Session Plenary Adjourns RTCA Workspace Web Tool Mid-Morning/Afternoon--Workgroup Breakout Sessions Systems Engineering Workgroup Requirements Status and Overview AV2 Overview Control and...

ASSESSMENT OF ALLERGENIC POTENTIAL OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOODS: AN AGENDA FOR FUTURE RESEARCH

EPA Science Inventory

Abstract
Speakers and participants in the Workshop Assessment of the Allergenic Potential of Genetically Modified Foods met in breakout groups to discuss a number of issues including needs for future research. There was agreement that research should move forward quickly in t...

49 CFR 195.436 - Security of facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Security of facilities. 195.436 Section 195.436... PIPELINE Operation and Maintenance § 195.436 Security of facilities. Each operator shall provide protection for each pumping station and breakout tank area and other exposed facility (such as scraper traps...

Tomorrows' Air Transportation System Breakout Series Report

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2001-01-01

The purpose of this presentation is to discuss tomorrow's air transportation system. Section of this presentation includes: chair comments; other general comments; surface congestion alleviation; runway productivity; enhanced arrival/departure tools; integrated airspace decision support tools; national traffic flow management, runway independent operations; ATM TFM weather; and terminal weather.

40 CFR 63.424 - Standards: Equipment leaks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 9 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Standards: Equipment leaks. 63.424....424 Standards: Equipment leaks. (a) Each owner or operator of a bulk gasoline terminal or pipeline breakout station subject to the provisions of this subpart shall perform a monthly leak inspection of all...

Compressive Stress-Induced Microcracks and Effective Elastic Properties of Limestone and Concrete. Phase 1

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-04-19

McLennan (Technical Consultant) Ph.D. Rock Mechanics, University of Toronto, 1980. Thesis Title: " Hydraulic Fracturing : A Fracture Mechanics Approach...the principal stresses. Certain techniques such as micro- hydraulic fracturing , televiewer surveys and mapping of borehole breakouts have been used to

76 FR 69764 - Stab-Resistant Body Armor Standard Workshop

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-09

... standard. Time slots for individual breakout sessions may be requested from the registration page indicated below. Additional time slots will be made available if needed to accommodate attendee requests. Workshop... will be allowed to register for the general session. Individual time slots will be available on the...

48 CFR 307.7108 - Statement of work.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... projects frequently lie well beyond the present state of the art and entail procedures and techniques of... for guidance on preparation of a PWS. An SOW may include tasks and subtasks. The degree of breakout... degree of expertise. (6) Special requirements (as applicable). This includes providing, in a separate...

Special Report: Top 100 Degree Producers. Part II.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Black Issues in Higher Education, 1999

1999-01-01

Data on the colleges and universities producing the highest numbers of minority master's, doctoral, and first professional degrees in 1996-1997 are presented. Rankings are organized by degree level, ethnic group (African American, Hispanic American, Asian American, Native American), discipline group, and overall graduation rate. Breakouts are also…

40 CFR 63.423 - Standards: Storage vessels.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 10 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Standards: Storage vessels. 63.423....423 Standards: Storage vessels. (a) Each owner or operator of a bulk gasoline terminal or pipeline breakout station subject to the provisions of this subpart shall equip each gasoline storage vessel with a...

40 CFR 63.423 - Standards: Storage vessels.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 10 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Standards: Storage vessels. 63.423....423 Standards: Storage vessels. (a) Each owner or operator of a bulk gasoline terminal or pipeline breakout station subject to the provisions of this subpart shall equip each gasoline storage vessel with a...

40 CFR 63.423 - Standards: Storage vessels.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 9 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Standards: Storage vessels. 63.423....423 Standards: Storage vessels. (a) Each owner or operator of a bulk gasoline terminal or pipeline breakout station subject to the provisions of this subpart shall equip each gasoline storage vessel with a...

40 CFR 63.423 - Standards: Storage vessels.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 9 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Standards: Storage vessels. 63.423....423 Standards: Storage vessels. (a) Each owner or operator of a bulk gasoline terminal or pipeline breakout station subject to the provisions of this subpart shall equip each gasoline storage vessel with a...

Improving the Performance of MEMS GYROS via Redundant Measurements: Theory and Experiments

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-12-01

gyroscope arrays, improve performance inertial measurement unit ( IMU ), Sparkfun razor IMU , gyroscope, magnetometer, accelerometer, redundant IMU , angular...30 Figure 15 Sparkfun 9DOF razor IMU , after [21...43 Figure 27 Sparkfun razor IMU (bottom) connected to the FT232R breakout board (top) and then to a

49 CFR 195.428 - Overpressure safety devices and overfill protection systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... API Standard 2510 after October 2, 2000, must have an overfill protection system installed according to section 5.1.2 of API Standard 2510. Other aboveground breakout tanks with 600 gallons (2271 liters... have an overfill protection system installed according to API Recommended Practice 2350. However...

49 CFR 195.428 - Overpressure safety devices and overfill protection systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... API Standard 2510 after October 2, 2000, must have an overfill protection system installed according to section 5.1.2 of API Standard 2510. Other aboveground breakout tanks with 600 gallons (2271 liters... have an overfill protection system installed according to API Recommended Practice 2350. However...

49 CFR 195.428 - Overpressure safety devices and overfill protection systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... API Standard 2510 after October 2, 2000, must have an overfill protection system installed according to section 5.1.2 of API Standard 2510. Other aboveground breakout tanks with 600 gallons (2271 liters... have an overfill protection system installed according to API Recommended Practice 2350. However...

49 CFR 195.428 - Overpressure safety devices and overfill protection systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... API Standard 2510 after October 2, 2000, must have an overfill protection system installed according to section 5.1.2 of API Standard 2510. Other aboveground breakout tanks with 600 gallons (2271 liters... have an overfill protection system installed according to API Recommended Practice 2350. However...

Annual Cybersecurity & Resilience Workshop | Energy Systems Integration

Science.gov Websites

architecture for DER. Cross-Cutting Panels and Breakout Sessions Workshop attendees participated in three cross , business, and policy perspective. The below videos showcase one of the three cross-cutting panel Architecture: Toward a Buildable Architecture Supporting Fractal Microgrids Toby Considine, President, TC9 Inc

48 CFR 19.403 - Small Business Administration breakout procurement center representatives.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... center, technical data necessary for the preparation of a competitive solicitation package for any item... arising out of restrictions on the rights of the United States in technical data and, when appropriate... data; (5) Have access to procurement records and other data of the procurement center commensurate with...

On The Origin Of Two-Shell Supernova Remnants

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gvaramadze, V. V.

2006-08-01

It is known that proper motion of massive stars causes them to explode far from the geometric centers of their wind-driven bubbles and thereby affects the symmetry of the resulting diffuse supernova remnants (SNRs). We use this fact to explain the origin of SNRs consisting of two partially overlapping shells (e.g. 3C 400.2, Cygnus Loop, Kes32, etc.), whose unusual morphology is usually treated in terms of the collision (or superposition) of two separate SNRs or breakout phenomena in a region with a density discontinuity. We propose that a SNR of this type is a natural consequence of an off-centered cavity supernova (SN) explosion of a moving massive star, which ended its evolution near the edge of the main-sequence (MS) wind-driven bubble. Our proposal implies that one of the shells is the former MS bubble reenergized by the SN blast wave. The second shell, however, could originate in two somewhat different ways, depending on the initial mass of the SN progenitor star. It could be a shell swept-up by the SN blast wave expanding through the unperturbed ambient interstellar medium if the massive star ends its evolution as a red supergiant (RSG). Or it could be the remainder of a pre-existing shell (adjacent to the MS bubble) swept-up by the fast progenitor's wind during the late evolutionary phases if after the RSG phase the star evolves through the Wolf-Rayet phase. In both cases the resulting (two-shell) SNR should be associated only with one (young) neutron star (thus one can somewhat improve the statistics of neutron star/SNR associations since the two-shell SNRs are quite numerous). We discuss several criteria to discern the SNRs formed by SN explosion after the RSG or WR phase.

Comparison of detonation spreading in pressed ultra-fine and nano-TATB

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Olles, Joseph; Wixom, Ryan; Knepper, Robert; Yarrington, Cole; Patel, Rajen; Stepanov, Victor

2017-06-01

Detonation spreading behavior in insensitive high explosives is an important performance characteristic for initiation-train design. In the past, several variations of the floret test have been used to study this phenomenon. Commonly, dent blocks or multi-fiber optical probes were employed for reduced cost and complexity. We devised a floret-like test, using minimal explosive material, to study the detonation spreading in nano-TATB as compared to ultra-fine TATB. Our test uses a streak camera, combined with photonic Doppler velocimetry, to image the breakout timing and quantify the output particle velocity. The TATB acceptor pellets are initiated using an explosively-driven aluminum flyer with a well characterized velocity. We characterized the two types of TATB by assessing purity, particle morphology, and the microstructure of the consolidated pellets. Our results align with published data for ultra-fine TATB, however the nano-TATB shows a distinct difference where output has a strong dependence on density. The results indicate that control over pellet pore size and pressing density may be used to optimize detonation spreading behavior.

Alternative approaches for identifying acute systemic toxicity: Moving from research to regulatory testing.

PubMed

Hamm, Jon; Sullivan, Kristie; Clippinger, Amy J; Strickland, Judy; Bell, Shannon; Bhhatarai, Barun; Blaauboer, Bas; Casey, Warren; Dorman, David; Forsby, Anna; Garcia-Reyero, Natàlia; Gehen, Sean; Graepel, Rabea; Hotchkiss, Jon; Lowit, Anna; Matheson, Joanna; Reaves, Elissa; Scarano, Louis; Sprankle, Catherine; Tunkel, Jay; Wilson, Dan; Xia, Menghang; Zhu, Hao; Allen, David

2017-06-01

Acute systemic toxicity testing provides the basis for hazard labeling and risk management of chemicals. A number of international efforts have been directed at identifying non-animal alternatives for in vivo acute systemic toxicity tests. A September 2015 workshop, Alternative Approaches for Identifying Acute Systemic Toxicity: Moving from Research to Regulatory Testing, reviewed the state-of-the-science of non-animal alternatives for this testing and explored ways to facilitate implementation of alternatives. Workshop attendees included representatives from international regulatory agencies, academia, nongovernmental organizations, and industry. Resources identified as necessary for meaningful progress in implementing alternatives included compiling and making available high-quality reference data, training on use and interpretation of in vitro and in silico approaches, and global harmonization of testing requirements. Attendees particularly noted the need to characterize variability in reference data to evaluate new approaches. They also noted the importance of understanding the mechanisms of acute toxicity, which could be facilitated by the development of adverse outcome pathways. Workshop breakout groups explored different approaches to reducing or replacing animal use for acute toxicity testing, with each group crafting a roadmap and strategy to accomplish near-term progress. The workshop steering committee has organized efforts to implement the recommendations of the workshop participants. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Alternative Approaches for Identifying Acute Systemic Toxicity: Moving from Research to Regulatory Testing

PubMed Central

Hamm, Jon; Sullivan, Kristie; Clippinger, Amy J.; Strickland, Judy; Bell, Shannon; Bhhatarai, Barun; Blaauboer, Bas; Casey, Warren; Dorman, David; Forsby, Anna; Garcia-Reyero, Natàlia; Gehen, Sean; Graepel, Rabea; Hotchkiss, Jon; Lowit, Anna; Matheson, Joanna; Reaves, Elissa; Scarano, Louis; Sprankle, Catherine; Tunkel, Jay; Wilson, Dan; Xia, Menghang; Zhu, Hao; Allen, David

2017-01-01

Acute systemic toxicity testing provides the basis for hazard labeling and risk management of chemicals. A number of international efforts have been directed at identifying non-animal alternatives for in vivo acute systemic toxicity tests. A September 2015 workshop, Alternative Approaches for Identifying Acute Systemic Toxicity: Moving from Research to Regulatory Testing, reviewed the state-of-the-science of non-animal alternatives for this testing and explored ways to facilitate implementation of alternatives. Workshop attendees included representatives from international regulatory agencies, academia, nongovernmental organizations, and industry. Resources identified as necessary for meaningful progress in implementing alternatives included compiling and making available high-quality reference data, training on use and interpretation of in vitro and in silico approaches, and global harmonization of testing requirements. Attendees particularly noted the need to characterize variability in reference data to evaluate new approaches. They also noted the importance of understanding the mechanisms of acute toxicity, which could be facilitated by the development of adverse outcome pathways. Workshop breakout groups explored different approaches to reducing or replacing animal use for acute toxicity testing, with each group crafting a roadmap and strategy to accomplish near-term progress. The workshop steering committee has organized efforts to implement the recommendations of the workshop participants. PMID:28069485

Smart Grid Educational Series | Energy Systems Integration Facility | NREL

Science.gov Websites

generation through transmission, all the way to the distribution infrastructure. Download presentation | Text on key takeaways from breakout group discussions. Learn more about the workshop. Text Version Text presentation PDF | Text Version Using MultiSpeak Data Model Standard & Essence Anomaly Detection for ICS

Workshop on Artificial Intelligence Applied to Materials Discovery and Design

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

None

This workshop report summarizes the presentations, panel discussions, and breakout group discussions that took place at this event. Note that the results presented here are a snapshot of the viewpoints expressed by the experts who attended the workshop and do not necessarily reflect those of the broader materials development community.

The Challenge of Measurement: Statistics for Planning Human Resource Development. Conference Paper

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Karmel, Tom

2011-01-01

This presentation was made to a breakout session at the 2011 Skills Australia and Industry Skills Councils joint conference, "Putting Skills at the Heart of Economy". The paper addresses the challenge of measurement in workforce development planning and discusses the role of the various players in the labour and training…

49 CFR 195.438 - Smoking or open flames.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Smoking or open flames. 195.438 Section 195.438... PIPELINE Operation and Maintenance § 195.438 Smoking or open flames. Each operator shall prohibit smoking and open flames in each pump station area and each breakout tank area where there is a possibility of...

49 CFR 195.438 - Smoking or open flames.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Smoking or open flames. 195.438 Section 195.438... PIPELINE Operation and Maintenance § 195.438 Smoking or open flames. Each operator shall prohibit smoking and open flames in each pump station area and each breakout tank area where there is a possibility of...

49 CFR 195.438 - Smoking or open flames.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Smoking or open flames. 195.438 Section 195.438... PIPELINE Operation and Maintenance § 195.438 Smoking or open flames. Each operator shall prohibit smoking and open flames in each pump station area and each breakout tank area where there is a possibility of...

49 CFR 195.438 - Smoking or open flames.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Smoking or open flames. 195.438 Section 195.438... PIPELINE Operation and Maintenance § 195.438 Smoking or open flames. Each operator shall prohibit smoking and open flames in each pump station area and each breakout tank area where there is a possibility of...

49 CFR 195.438 - Smoking or open flames.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Smoking or open flames. 195.438 Section 195.438... PIPELINE Operation and Maintenance § 195.438 Smoking or open flames. Each operator shall prohibit smoking and open flames in each pump station area and each breakout tank area where there is a possibility of...

Report of an Army Workshop on Convergence Forecasting: Mechanochemical Transduction

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-07-01

Breakout Session 1, Group 1.........................................................................10  Figure 3. Potential Ultrasound -Mediated...Capabilities in Mechanochemical Transduction ..........10  Figure 4. Factors that Limit Potential Ultrasound -Mediated Mechanochemical Transduction... ultrasound as a mechanism to induce mechanochemical reactions. If ultrasound is to be used to provide the mechanical energy for subsequent chemical

48 CFR 19.403 - Small Business Administration breakout procurement center representatives.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... center, technical data necessary for the preparation of a competitive solicitation package for any item... availability and access to data needed for the preparation of offers to sell to the United States those... arising out of restrictions on the rights of the United States in technical data and, when appropriate...

76 FR 66685 - President's Export Council Subcommittee on Export Administration; Notice of Open Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-27

... public. 4. Review of Deliverables for the PEC. 5. Discussion of 2012 Workplan. 6. Subcommittee Breakout... which the United States has diplomatic or trading relations and of controlling trade for national....gov , no later than, November 7, 2011. A limited number of seats will be available for the public...

77 FR 8807 - President's Export Council, Subcommittee on Export Administration; Notice of Open Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-15

... diplomatic or trading relations and of controlling trade for national security and foreign policy reasons.... Welcome and remarks by Chairman and Vice Chair. 2. Presentation of Papers or Comments by the Public. 3. Review of Field Hearing. 4. Discussion/Status of 2012 Workplan. 5. Subcommittee Breakout Sessions. 6...

Improving genetic conservation of tree species

Treesearch

Pam Allenstein; Jennifer DeWoody; David Gwaze; Valerie Hipkins; Gary Man; Anna Schoettle; Kirsty Shaw; Murphy Westwood

2017-01-01

The aim of this workshop breakout group session was to review significant gaps within each of three major themes (In-situ Conservation, Ex-situ Conservation, and Restoration of Species and Ecosystems) and to identify actionable solutions to move genetic conservation efforts forward. In order to identify solutions and action items for the tree conservation community,...

Details from the Dashboard: Charter School Race/Ethnicity Demographics

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Alliance for Public Charter Schools, 2012

2012-01-01

This "Details from the Dashboard" report examines race/ethnicity breakouts for public charter schools and traditional public schools at the state and the school district level. The data in this report indicate that in the large majority of states, the race/ethnicity student demographics of charter schools are almost identical to those of the…

Inter-hospital communications and transport: turning one-way funnels into two-way networks.

PubMed

Rokos, Ivan C; Sanddal, Nels D; Pancioli, Arthur M; Wolff, Catherine; Gaieski, David F

2010-12-01

The Inter-hospital Communications and Transport workgroup was charged with exploring the current status, barriers, and data necessary to optimize the initial destination and subsequent transfer of patients between and among acute care settings. The subtitle, "Turning Funnels Into Two-way Networks," is descriptive of the approach that the workgroup took by exploring how and when smaller facilities in suburban, rural, and frontier areas can contribute to the daily business of caring for emergency patients across the lower-acuity spectrum-in some instances with consultant support from academic medical centers. It also focused on the need to identify high-acuity patients and expedite triage and transfer of those patients to facilities with specialty resources. Draft research recommendations were developed through an iterative writing process and presented to a breakout session of Academic Emergency Medicine's 2010 consensus conference, "Beyond Regionalization: Integrated Networks of Emergency Care." Priority research areas were determined by informal consensus of the breakout group. A subsequent iterative writing process was undertaken to complete this article. A number of broad research questions are presented. 2010 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine.

The cocoon emission - an electromagnetic counterpart to gravitational waves from neutron star mergers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gottlieb, Ore; Nakar, Ehud; Piran, Tsvi

2018-01-01

Short gamma-ray bursts are believed to arise from compact binary mergers (either neutron star-neutron star or black hole-neutron star). If so, their jets must penetrate outflows that are ejected during the merger. As a jet crosses the ejecta, it dissipates its energy, producing a hot cocoon that surrounds it. We present here 3D numerical simulations of jet propagation in mergers' outflows, and we calculate the resulting emission. This emission consists of two components: the cooling emission, the leakage of the thermal energy of the hot cocoon, and the cocoon macronova that arises from the radioactive decay of the cocoon's material. This emission gives a brief (∼1 h) blue, wide angle signal. While the parameters of the outflow and jet are uncertain, for the configurations we have considered, the signal is bright (∼-14 to -15 absolute magnitude) and outshines all other predicted ultraviolet-optical signals. The signal is brighter when the jet breakout time is longer, and its peak brightness does not depend strongly on the highly uncertain opacity. A rapid search for such a signal is a promising strategy to detect an electromagnetic merger counterpart. A detected candidate could be then followed by deep infrared searches for the longer but weaker macronova arising from the rest of the ejecta.

An Official American Thoracic Society Workshop Report: Climate Change and Human Health

PubMed Central

Pinkerton, Kent E.; Rom, William N.; Akpinar-Elci, Muge; Balmes, John R.; Bayram, Hasan; Brandli, Otto; Hollingsworth, John W.; Kinney, Patrick L.; Margolis, Helene G.; Martin, William J.; Sasser, Erika N.; Smith, Kirk R.; Takaro, Tim K.

2012-01-01

This document presents the proceedings from the American Thoracic Society Climate Change and Respiratory Health Workshop that was held on May 15, 2010, in New Orleans, Louisiana. The purpose of the one-day meeting was to address the threat to global respiratory health posed by climate change. Domestic and international experts as well as representatives of international respiratory societies and key U.S. federal agencies convened to identify necessary research questions concerning climate change and respiratory health and appropriate mechanisms and infrastructure needs for answering these questions. After much discussion, a breakout group compiled 27 recommendations for physicians, researchers, and policy makers. These recommendations are listed under main issues that the workshop participants deemed of key importance to respiratory health. Issues include the following: (1) the health impacts of climate change, with specific focus on the effect of heat waves, air pollution, and natural cycles; (2) mitigation and adaptation measures to be taken, with special emphasis on recommendations for the clinical and research community; (3) recognition of challenges specific to low-resource countries when coping with respiratory health and climate change; and (4) priority research infrastructure needs, with special discussion of international needs for cooperating with present and future environmental monitoring and alert systems. PMID:22421581

The 2016 Academic Emergency Medicine Consensus Conference, "Shared Decision Making in the Emergency Department: Development of a Policy-relevant Patient-centered Research Agenda" Diagnostic Testing Breakout Session Report.

PubMed

Barrett, Tyler W; Rising, Kristin L; Bellolio, M Fernanda; Hall, M Kennedy; Brody, Aaron; Dodd, Kenneth W; Grieser, Mira; Levy, Phillip D; Raja, Ali S; Self, Wesley H; Weingarten, Gail; Hess, Erik P; Hollander, Judd E

2016-12-01

Diagnostic testing is an integral component of patient evaluation in the emergency department (ED). Emergency clinicians frequently use diagnostic testing to more confidently exclude "worst-case" diagnoses rather than to determine the most likely etiology for a presenting complaint. Increased utilization of diagnostic testing has not been associated with reductions in disease-related mortality but has led to increased overall healthcare costs and other unintended consequences (e.g., incidental findings requiring further workup, unnecessary exposure to ionizing radiation or potentially nephrotoxic contrast). Shared decision making (SDM) presents an opportunity for clinicians to discuss the benefits and harms associated with diagnostic testing with patients to more closely tailor testing to patient risk. This article introduces the challenges and opportunities associated with incorporating SDM into emergency care by summarizing the conclusions of the diagnostic testing group at the 2016 Academic Emergency Medicine Consensus Conference on SDM. Three primary domains emerged: 1) characteristics of a condition or test appropriate for SDM, 2) critical elements of and potential barriers to SDM discussions on diagnostic testing, and 3) financial aspects of SDM applied to diagnostic testing. The most critical research questions to improve engagement of patients in their acute care diagnostic decisions were determined by consensus. © 2016 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine.

Fostering partnerships in survivorship care: report of the 2011 Canadian genitourinary cancers survivorship conference.

PubMed

Bender, Jacqueline L; Wiljer, David; Matthew, Andrew; Canil, Christina M; Legere, Laura; Loblaw, Andrew; Jewett, Michael A S

2012-09-01

New models of survivorship care are required to address the needs of genitourinary (GU) cancer survivors. Current approaches do not effectively engage cancer survivors or advocacy groups. A group of clinicians in collaboration with the Canadian Urologic Association held a forum for GU cancer survivors, advocacy groups, and health professionals to explore ways to collaboratively enhance survivorship care. Participants attended a 2-day conference that included presentations, breakout groups, and a postconference survey. Discussions by breakout groups were recorded and analyzed alongside open-ended survey responses for common themes. Basic statistics were calculated. Conference participants (n = 42) included 18 cancer survivors/caregivers, 21 health professionals, and 3 researchers representing bladder, kidney, prostate, and testis cancer groups. Breakout group discussions and responses to the postconference survey (83.3 % response rate) showed strong support for greater collaboration among all parties. Strategies to facilitate collaboration reflected a need to: (1) raise awareness of the shared and unique needs of GU cancer survivors and the expertise of cancer advocacy groups, (2) facilitate communication and collaborative opportunities among clinicians/researchers and cancer survivors/advocacy groups, (3) facilitate collaborative programming and fund-raising among GU advocacy groups, and (4) synthesize and facilitate access to GU cancer survivorship resources and services. There is strong support for formal collaboration to enhance survivorship care among a critical mass of GU cancer survivors, advocacy groups, clinicians, and researchers. Responsibility for collaboration lies with all stakeholder groups. Strategies to foster such partnerships should employ integrated knowledge translation approaches that actively engage all parties throughout the entire research to practice process. Successful partnerships between cancer survivors, advocacy groups, clinicians, and researchers require familiarity with each other's expertise, along with sufficient resources and organizational structures. GU survivorship advocacy groups need to work more closely together to ensure a strong, unified voice when interacting with clinicians and researchers.

Panchromatic Observations of SN2011dh Point to a Compact Progenitor Star

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Soderberg, A. M.; Margutti, R.; Zauerer, B. A.; Krauss, M.; Katz, B.; Chomiuk, L.; Dittmann, J. A.; Nakar, E.; Sakamoto, T.; Kawai, N.;

Present-day stress fields of the Gulf of Suez (Egypt) based on exploratory well data: Non-uniform regional extension and its relation to inherited structures and local plate motion

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bosworth, William; Durocher, Scott

2017-12-01

The Gulf of Suez is the prototype model of a failed or aborted continental rift. However, the basin is seismically active and the footwalls of several major extensional faults continue to rise at the present time. Furthermore, decadal-length Global Positioning System (GPS) datasets demonstrate that the Sinai micro-plate continues to separate from Africa in a northerly direction at ∼0.15 cm/yr with a Gulf of Suez rift-normal component of ∼0.05 cm/yr. Geologic and GPS observations both indicate that the rift is now undergoing highly-oblique extension. Previous interpretations of borehole breakouts in industry exploration wells suggested that the minimum horizontal stress (Shmin) in the southern Gulf of Suez is presently aligned ∼015°. New subsurface data from the accommodation zone boundary between the Central and Darag (northern) sub-basins similarly identifies an extension direction of approximately N-S. By contrast, in the Central sub-basin itself breakout and drilling-induced fracture (DIF) data indicate NE-SW extension, or rift-normal movement that is similar to the documented older Miocene history of the entire basin. Based on these observations the present-day stress field of the Gulf of Suez is spatially non-uniform. Variations are also present in local and teleseismic datasets. The northern Gulf of Suez shows relatively less seismicity, with very few events greater than M = 3. The central sub-basin is very active, with 17 events M ≥ 3 during the past 45 years, and these suggest NE-SW extension similar to the breakout data. The southern Gulf of Suez is the most seismically active and merges with an area of significant seismicity in the northern Red Sea. In the southern Gulf of Suez the seismicity is complex but focal plane analyses of the two largest historical events indicated NNE-SSW extension, in agreement with the breakout data. Differing interpretations have been proposed for the smaller magnitude seismicity. We suggest that each of the three sub-basins of the Gulf of Suez, whose fault geometries are inherited from the main phase of Miocene continental rifting, are now subject to differing shallow crustal stress fields with variation in orientation and perhaps magnitude of the principal stresses. We do not know what the long-term implications for displacement fields throughout the rift might be, but along-strike variation in extension has been suggested in other ancient continental rift settings. This study also highlights the danger in assuming that fault populations with different kinematics must represent different times in a region's geologic evolution.

Strategic Priorities for Increasing Physical Activity Among Adults Age 50 and Older: The National Blueprint Consensus Conference Summary Report

PubMed Central

Sheppard, Lisa; Senior, Jane; Park, Chae Hee; Mockenhaupt, Robin; Bazzarre, Terry; Chodzko-Zajko, Wojtek

2003-01-01

On May 1, 2001, a coalition of national organizations released a major planning document designed to develop a national strategy for the promotion of physically active lifestyles among the mid-life and older adult population. The National Blueprint: Increasing Physical Activity Among Adults Age 50 and Older was developed with input from 46 organizations with expertise in health, medicine, social and behavioral sciences, epidemiology, gerontology/geriatrics, clinical science, public policy, marketing, medical systems, community organization, and environmental issues. The Blueprint notes that, despite a wealth of evidence about the benefits of physical activity for mid-life and older persons, there has been little success in convincing age 50+ Americans to adopt physically active lifestyles. The Blueprint identifies barriers in the areas of research, home and community programs, medical systems, public policy and advocacy, and marketing and communications. In addition to identifying barriers, the Blueprint proposes a number of concrete strategies that could be employed in order to overcome the barriers to physical activity in society at large. This report summarizes the outcome of the National Blueprint Consensus Conference that was held in October 2002. In this conference, representatives of more than 50 national organizations convened in Washington, D.C. with the goal of identifying high priority and high feasibility strategies which would advance the National Blueprint and which could be initiated within the next 12 to 24 months. Participants in the consensus conference were assigned to one of five breakout groups: home and community, marketing, medical systems, public policy, and research. Each breakout group was charged with identifying the three highest priority strategies within their area for effectively increasing physical activity levels in the mid-life and older adult population. In addition to the 15 strategies identified by the breakout groups, three "cross-cutting" strategies were added which were considered to be broad-based in scope and which applied to more than one of the breakout themes. A national organization was identified to take the lead in planning and implementing each strategy. A summary of the 18 strategies and lead organizations is presented. The National Blueprint Consensus Conference has identified an ambitious agenda of strategies and tactics that will need to be implemented in order to overcome societal barriers to physical activity among the mid-life and older adult population. More than 50 national organizations have expressed a commitment to work towards the implementation of the Blueprint agenda. Eighteen priority strategies have been identified in the areas of home and community, marketing, medical systems, public policy, and research. The organizations charged with the task of implementing the high priority strategies will use professional networks and established delivery channels and communication systems to translate this plan into action. PMID:24688279

Strategic priorities for increasing physical activity among adults age 50 and older: the national blueprint consensus conference summary report.

PubMed

Sheppard, Lisa; Senior, Jane; Park, Chae Hee; Mockenhaupt, Robin; Bazzarre, Terry; Chodzko-Zajko, Wojtek

2003-12-01

On May 1, 2001, a coalition of national organizations released a major planning document designed to develop a national strategy for the promotion of physically active lifestyles among the mid-life and older adult population. The National Blueprint: Increasing Physical Activity Among Adults Age 50 and Older was developed with input from 46 organizations with expertise in health, medicine, social and behavioral sciences, epidemiology, gerontology/geriatrics, clinical science, public policy, marketing, medical systems, community organization, and environmental issues. The Blueprint notes that, despite a wealth of evidence about the benefits of physical activity for mid-life and older persons, there has been little success in convincing age 50+ Americans to adopt physically active lifestyles. The Blueprint identifies barriers in the areas of research, home and community programs, medical systems, public policy and advocacy, and marketing and communications. In addition to identifying barriers, the Blueprint proposes a number of concrete strategies that could be employed in order to overcome the barriers to physical activity in society at large. This report summarizes the outcome of the National Blueprint Consensus Conference that was held in October 2002. In this conference, representatives of more than 50 national organizations convened in Washington, D.C. with the goal of identifying high priority and high feasibility strategies which would advance the National Blueprint and which could be initiated within the next 12 to 24 months. Participants in the consensus conference were assigned to one of five breakout groups: home and community, marketing, medical systems, public policy, and research. Each breakout group was charged with identifying the three highest priority strategies within their area for effectively increasing physical activity levels in the mid-life and older adult population. In addition to the 15 strategies identified by the breakout groups, three "cross-cutting" strategies were added which were considered to be broad-based in scope and which applied to more than one of the breakout themes. A national organization was identified to take the lead in planning and implementing each strategy. A summary of the 18 strategies and lead organizations is presented. The National Blueprint Consensus Conference has identified an ambitious agenda of strategies and tactics that will need to be implemented in order to overcome societal barriers to physical activity among the mid-life and older adult population. More than 50 national organizations have expressed a commitment to work towards the implementation of the Blueprint agenda. Eighteen priority strategies have been identified in the areas of home and community, marketing, medical systems, public policy, and research. The organizations charged with the task of implementing the high priority strategies will use professional networks and established delivery channels and communication systems to translate this plan into action.

External and Internal Reconnection in Two Filament-Carrying Magnetic-Cavity Solar Eruptions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sterling, Alphonse C.; Moore, Ronald L.

2004-01-01

We observe two near-limb solar filament eruptions, one of 2000 February 26 and the other of 2002 January 4. For both we use 195 Angstroms Fe XII images from the Extreme-Ultraviolet (EUV) Imaging Telescope (EIT) and magnetograms from the Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI), both on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) satellite. For the earlier event we also use soft X-ray telescope (SXT), hard X-ray telescope (HXT), and Bragg Crystal Spectrometer (BCS) data from the Yohkoh satellite, and hard X-ray data from the BATSE experiment on the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO). Both events occur in quadrupolar magnetic regions, and both have coronal features that we infer belong to the same magnetic-cavity structures as the filaments. In both cases the cavity and filament first rise slowly at approximately 10 kilometers per second prior to eruption, and then accelerate to approximately 100 kilometers per second during the eruption, although the slow-rise movement for the higher-altitude cavity elements is clearer in the later event. We estimate both filaments and both cavities to contain masses of approximately 10(exp 14-15) g and approximately 10(exp 15-16) g respectively. We consider whether two specific magnetic-reconnection-based models for eruption onset, the tether cutting and the breakout models, are consistent with our observations. In the earlier event soft X-rays from SXT show an intensity increase during the 12-minute interval over whch fast eruption begins, which is consistent with tether-cutting-model predictions. Substantial hard X-rays, however, do not occur until after fast eruption is underway, and so this is a constraint the tether-cutting model must satisfy. During the same 12-minute interval over which fast eruption begins, there are brightenings and topological changes in the corona indicative of high-altitude reconnection early in the eruption, and this is consistent with breakout predictions. In both eruptions, however, the onset of the filament fast-rise phase occurs while overlying cavity-related coronal loops are still evolving from a "closed" state to an "open" state, and our observations of the time evolution of these loops compared to the eruption state in both events are constraints the breakout model must meet. Therefore our findings are consistent with runaway-tether-cutting-type reconnection and fast breakout-type reconnection both occurring early in the fast phase of the February eruption and with both types of reconnection being important in unleashing the explosion, but we are not able to say which, if either, type of reconnection actually triggered the fast phase. We have also found specific constraints that either model, or any other model, must satisfy if correct.

Evidence for Gradual External Reconnection Before Explosive Eruption of a Solar Filament

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sterling, Alphonse C.; Moore, Ronald L.

2003-01-01

We observe a slowly-evolving quiet region solar eruption of 1999 April 18, using EUV images from the EUV Imaging Telescope (EIT) on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO), and soft X-ray images from the Soft X-ray Telescope (SXT) on Yohkoh. Using difference images, where an early image is subtracted from later images, we examine dimmings and brightenings in the region for evidence of the eruption mechanism. A filament rose slowly at about 1 kilometer per second for six hours before being rapidly ejected at about 16 kilometers per second, leaving flare brightenings and post-flare loops in its wake. Magnetograms from the Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) on SOHO show that the eruption occurred in a large quadrupo1ar magnetic region, with the filament located on the neutral line of the quadrupole's central inner lobe, between the inner two of the four polarity domains. In step with the slow rise, subtle EIT dimmings commence and gradually increase over the two polarity domains on one side of the filament, i.e. in some of the loops of one of the two side lobes of the quadrupole. Concurrently, soft X-ray brightenings gradually increase in both side lobes. Both of these effects suggest heating in the side-lobe magnetic arcades, which gradually increase over several hours before the fast eruption. Also during the slow pre-eruption phase, SXT dimmings gradually increase in the feet and legs of the central lobe, indicating expansion of the central-lobe magnetic arcade enveloping the filament. During the rapid ejection, these dimmings rapidly grow in darkness and in area, especially in the ends of the sigmoid field that erupts with the filament, and flare brightenings begin underneath the fast-moving but still low-altitude filament. We consider two models for explaining the eruption: "breakout," which says that reconnection occurs high above the filament prior to eruption, and tether cutting, which says that the eruption is unleashed by reconnection beneath the filament. The pre-eruption evolution is consistent with gradual breakout that led to (and perhaps caused) the fast eruption. Tether-cutting reconnection below the filament begins early in the rapid ejection, but our data are not complete enough to determine whether this reconnection began early enough to be the cause of the fast-phase onset. Thus, our observations are consistent with gradual breakout reconnection causing the long slow rise of the filament, but allow the cause of the sudden onset of the explosive fast phase to be either a jump in the breakout reconnection rate or the onset of runaway tether-cutting reconnection, or both.

49 CFR 195.205 - Repair, alteration and reconstruction of aboveground breakout tanks that have been in service.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

..., examination, and material requirements of those respective standards. (3) For high pressure tanks built to API... service must be capable of withstanding the internal pressure produced by the hazardous liquid to be... approximately atmospheric pressure constructed of carbon and low alloy steel, welded or riveted, and non...

The Early Years: Embracing the Challenges. 1997 Early Years of Schooling Conference Proceedings (Melbourne, Australia, July 20-21, 1997).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Victoria Education Dept. (Australia).

These conference proceedings comprise 19 papers and the plenary session presented at the Early Years Schooling Conference held in Melbourne, Australia. The plenary session was "A Developmental Approach to Teaching Young Children" conducted by Lilian Katz. The keynote addresses and breakout sessions were: (1) "Developmental Learning:…

49 CFR 195.565 - How do I install cathodic protection on breakout tanks?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

...) capacity built to API Specification 12F, API Standard 620, or API Standard 650 (or its predecessor Standard 12C), you must install the system in accordance with API Recommended Practice 651. However, installation of the system need not comply with API Recommended Practice 651 on any tank for which you note in...

49 CFR 195.565 - How do I install cathodic protection on breakout tanks?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

...) capacity built to API Specification 12F, API Standard 620, or API Standard 650 (or its predecessor Standard 12C), you must install the system in accordance with API Recommended Practice 651. However, installation of the system need not comply with API Recommended Practice 651 on any tank for which you note in...

49 CFR 195.565 - How do I install cathodic protection on breakout tanks?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

...) capacity built to API Specification 12F, API Standard 620, or API Standard 650 (or its predecessor Standard 12C), you must install the system in accordance with API Recommended Practice 651. However, installation of the system need not comply with API Recommended Practice 651 on any tank for which you note in...

49 CFR 195.565 - How do I install cathodic protection on breakout tanks?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

...) capacity built to API Specification 12F, API Standard 620, or API Standard 650 (or its predecessor Standard 12C), you must install the system in accordance with API Recommended Practice 651. However, installation of the system need not comply with API Recommended Practice 651 on any tank for which you note in...

49 CFR 195.565 - How do I install cathodic protection on breakout tanks?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

...) capacity built to API Specification 12F, API Standard 620, or API Standard 650 (or its predecessor Standard 12C), you must install the system in accordance with API Recommended Practice 651. However, installation of the system need not comply with API Recommended Practice 651 on any tank for which you note in...

Summary of small group discussions: Regional themes and next steps

Treesearch

Rick Turner

2013-01-01

At the conclusion of the workshop, a breakout group session discussed common themes that had emerged regarding forest degradation monitoring in the Southeast Asia region. The participants were also asked to list any important issues that may not have been sufficiently addressed during the workshop and that may require further discussion, and recommendations for next...

A new setup for studying thermal microcracking through acoustic emission monitoring

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Griffiths, Luke; Heap, Michael; Baud, Patrick; Schmittbuhl, Jean

2016-04-01

Thermal stressing is common in geothermal environments and has been shown in the laboratory to induce changes in the physical and mechanical properties of rocks. These changes are generally considered to be a consequence of the generation of thermal microcracks and debilitating chemical reactions. Thermal microcracks form as a result of the build-up of internal stresses due to: (1) the thermal expansion mismatch between the different phases present in the material, (2) thermal expansion anisotropy within individual minerals, and (3) thermal gradients. The generation of cracks during thermal stressing has been monitored in previous studies using the output of acoustic emissions (AE), a common proxy for microcrack damage, and through microstructural observations. Here we present a new experimental setup which is optimised to record AE from a rock sample at high temperatures and under a servo-controlled uniaxial stress. The design is such that the AE transducer is embedded in the top of the piston, which acts as a continuous wave guide to the sample. In this way, we simplify the ray path geometry whilst minimising the number of interfaces between the microcrack and the transducer, maximising the quality of the signal. This allows for an in-depth study of waveform attributes such as energy, amplitude, counts and duration. Furthermore, the capability of this device to apply a servo-controlled load on the sample, whilst measuring strain in real time, leads to a spectrum of possible tests combining mechanical and thermal stress. It is also an essential feature to eliminate the build-up of stresses through thermal expansion of the pistons and the sample. We plan a systematic experimental study of the AE of thermally stressed rock during heating and cooling cycles. We present results from pilot tests performed on Darley Dale sandstone and Westerly granite. Understanding the effects of thermal stressing in rock is of particular interest at a geothermal site, where circulating fluids influence the temperature field in the surrounding rock mass. These stresses can, for example, provoke thermal borehole breakouts due to cooling-induced tensile microcracking or may be actively used to enhance the injectivity of geothermal wells.

Wave Energy Prize - 1/50th Testing - CalWave

DOE Data Explorer

Wesley Scharmen

2016-01-15

This submission of data includes all the 1/50th scale testing data completed on the Wave Energy Prize for the CalWave team, and includes: 1/50th test data (raw & processed) 1/50th test data video and pictures 1/50th Test plans and testing documents SSTF_Submission (summarized results)

A wave model test bed study for wave energy resource characterization

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yang, Zhaoqing; Neary, Vincent S.; Wang, Taiping

This paper presents a test bed study conducted to evaluate best practices in wave modeling to characterize energy resources. The model test bed off the central Oregon Coast was selected because of the high wave energy and available measured data at the site. Two third-generation spectral wave models, SWAN and WWIII, were evaluated. A four-level nested-grid approach—from global to test bed scale—was employed. Model skills were assessed using a set of model performance metrics based on comparing six simulated wave resource parameters to observations from a wave buoy inside the test bed. Both WWIII and SWAN performed well at themore » test bed site and exhibited similar modeling skills. The ST4 package with WWIII, which represents better physics for wave growth and dissipation, out-performed ST2 physics and improved wave power density and significant wave height predictions. However, ST4 physics tended to overpredict the wave energy period. The newly developed ST6 physics did not improve the overall model skill for predicting the six wave resource parameters. Sensitivity analysis using different wave frequencies and direction resolutions indicated the model results were not sensitive to spectral resolutions at the test bed site, likely due to the absence of complex bathymetric and geometric features.« less

Wave Energy Prize - 1/50th Testing - M3 Wave

DOE Data Explorer

Wesley Scharmen

2016-01-08

This submission of data includes all the 1/50th scale testing data completed on the Wave Energy Prize for the M3 Wave team, and includes: 1/50th test data (raw & processed) 1/50th test data video and pictures 1/50th Test plans and testing documents SSTF_Submission (summarized results)

Wave Energy Prize - 1/50th Testing - RTI Wave Power

DOE Data Explorer

Wesley Scharmen

2015-12-18

This submission of data includes all the 1/50th scale testing data completed on the Wave Energy Prize for the RTI Wave Power team, and includes: 1/50th test data (raw & processed) 1/50th test data video and pictures 1/50th Test plans and testing documents SSTF_Submission (summarized results)

Miniature Two-Axis Joystick Controller

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hollow, R.

1983-01-01

Novel movable-button-actuated self-centering controller uses optoelectronics to produce X and Y signals for aircraft control. In addition to be extremely compact, device puts our voltages having high signal-to-noise ratio, especially at critical center position where in many controllers this ratio is poorest. Combination of new saddle-shaped button and positive centering gives "feel" and "breakout" met with pilot approval.

An Examination of the Outporting Ship Program Implemented in Response to the Increased Program Size of the Ready Reserve Force.

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-06-01

conjunction with the NATO exercise Wintex- Cimex 83, in February 83. The Maritime Administration conducted a survey of facilities and tugboat availability, and...BREAKOUT-85 69 32 32 21 16 WINTEX- CIMEX 83 30 3 21 6 3 During this exercise, the Maritime Administration tasked its Eastern, Central and Western

40 CFR 63.11088 - What requirements must I meet for gasoline loading racks if my facility is a bulk gasoline...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... gasoline loading racks if my facility is a bulk gasoline terminal, pipeline breakout station, or pipeline... CATEGORIES (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Source Category: Gasoline... § 63.11088 What requirements must I meet for gasoline loading racks if my facility is a bulk gasoline...

40 CFR 63.11087 - What requirements must I meet for gasoline storage tanks if my facility is a bulk gasoline...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... gasoline storage tanks if my facility is a bulk gasoline terminal, pipeline breakout station, or pipeline... CATEGORIES (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Source Category: Gasoline... § 63.11087 What requirements must I meet for gasoline storage tanks if my facility is a bulk gasoline...

40 CFR 63.11087 - What requirements must I meet for gasoline storage tanks if my facility is a bulk gasoline...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... gasoline storage tanks if my facility is a bulk gasoline terminal, pipeline breakout station, or pipeline... CATEGORIES (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Source Category: Gasoline... § 63.11087 What requirements must I meet for gasoline storage tanks if my facility is a bulk gasoline...

40 CFR 63.11087 - What requirements must I meet for gasoline storage tanks if my facility is a bulk gasoline...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... gasoline storage tanks if my facility is a bulk gasoline terminal, pipeline breakout station, or pipeline... CATEGORIES (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Source Category: Gasoline... § 63.11087 What requirements must I meet for gasoline storage tanks if my facility is a bulk gasoline...

40 CFR 63.11088 - What requirements must I meet for gasoline loading racks if my facility is a bulk gasoline...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... gasoline loading racks if my facility is a bulk gasoline terminal, pipeline breakout station, or pipeline... CATEGORIES (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Source Category: Gasoline... § 63.11088 What requirements must I meet for gasoline loading racks if my facility is a bulk gasoline...

40 CFR 63.11088 - What requirements must I meet for gasoline loading racks if my facility is a bulk gasoline...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... gasoline loading racks if my facility is a bulk gasoline terminal, pipeline breakout station, or pipeline... CATEGORIES (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Source Category: Gasoline... § 63.11088 What requirements must I meet for gasoline loading racks if my facility is a bulk gasoline...

40 CFR 63.11087 - What requirements must I meet for gasoline storage tanks if my facility is a bulk gasoline...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... gasoline storage tanks if my facility is a bulk gasoline terminal, pipeline breakout station, or pipeline... CATEGORIES (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Source Category: Gasoline... § 63.11087 What requirements must I meet for gasoline storage tanks if my facility is a bulk gasoline...

40 CFR 63.11088 - What requirements must I meet for gasoline loading racks if my facility is a bulk gasoline...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... gasoline loading racks if my facility is a bulk gasoline terminal, pipeline breakout station, or pipeline... CATEGORIES (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Source Category: Gasoline... § 63.11088 What requirements must I meet for gasoline loading racks if my facility is a bulk gasoline...

40 CFR 63.11087 - What requirements must I meet for gasoline storage tanks if my facility is a bulk gasoline...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... gasoline storage tanks if my facility is a bulk gasoline terminal, pipeline breakout station, or pipeline... CATEGORIES (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Source Category: Gasoline... § 63.11087 What requirements must I meet for gasoline storage tanks if my facility is a bulk gasoline...

40 CFR 63.11088 - What requirements must I meet for gasoline loading racks if my facility is a bulk gasoline...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... gasoline loading racks if my facility is a bulk gasoline terminal, pipeline breakout station, or pipeline... CATEGORIES (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Source Category: Gasoline... § 63.11088 What requirements must I meet for gasoline loading racks if my facility is a bulk gasoline...

Scientists, Educators, and National Standards: Action at the Local Level. Sigma Xi Forum Proceedings (Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, April 14-15, 1994).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sigma XI, The Scientific Research Society.

This document contains conference papers on various aspects of science education. The document includes 12 plenary speeches, 11 workshop summaries, speaker vitas, breakout groups' conclusions and recommendations, and poster abstracts. Titles and authors of speeches and workshops are: "The National Education Reform Movement" (M. S.…

49 CFR 195.205 - Repair, alteration and reconstruction of aboveground breakout tanks that have been in service.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

...-refrigerated and tanks built to API Standard 650 or its predecessor Standard 12C, repair, alteration, and reconstruction must be in accordance with API Standard 653. (2) For tanks built to API Specification 12F or API..., examination, and material requirements of those respective standards. (3) For high pressure tanks built to API...

49 CFR 195.205 - Repair, alteration and reconstruction of aboveground breakout tanks that have been in service.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

...-refrigerated and tanks built to API Standard 650 or its predecessor Standard 12C, repair, alteration, and reconstruction must be in accordance with API Standard 653. (2) For tanks built to API Specification 12F or API..., examination, and material requirements of those respective standards. (3) For high pressure tanks built to API...

49 CFR 195.205 - Repair, alteration and reconstruction of aboveground breakout tanks that have been in service.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

...-refrigerated and tanks built to API Standard 650 or its predecessor Standard 12C, repair, alteration, and reconstruction must be in accordance with API Standard 653. (2) For tanks built to API Specification 12F or API..., examination, and material requirements of those respective standards. (3) For high pressure tanks built to API...

49 CFR 195.205 - Repair, alteration and reconstruction of aboveground breakout tanks that have been in service.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

...-refrigerated and tanks built to API Standard 650 or its predecessor Standard 12C, repair, alteration, and reconstruction must be in accordance with API Standard 653. (2) For tanks built to API Specification 12F or API..., examination, and material requirements of those respective standards. (3) For high pressure tanks built to API...

Today’s Crisis in Contracting

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-05-01

17 .............................................................................. 57 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 . Response to Question 2 , Career Field...indicates the breakout of the respondent’s career field. 12 Figure 1 . Response to Question 2 , Career Field (196 answered, 9 skipped) The...What is your pay grade? If other, please indicate your pay grade. 1 ) Temp GS-12 2 ) GS-08 Fill-In Answers to Question 7 (8 responses). In your

Meeting report: applied biopharmaceutics and quality by design for dissolution/release specification setting: product quality for patient benefit.

PubMed

Selen, Arzu; Cruañes, Maria T; Müllertz, Anette; Dickinson, Paul A; Cook, Jack A; Polli, James E; Kesisoglou, Filippos; Crison, John; Johnson, Kevin C; Muirhead, Gordon T; Schofield, Timothy; Tsong, Yi

2010-09-01

A biopharmaceutics and Quality by Design (QbD) conference was held on June 10-12, 2009 in Rockville, Maryland, USA to provide a forum and identify approaches for enhancing product quality for patient benefit. Presentations concerned the current biopharmaceutical toolbox (i.e., in vitro, in silico, pre-clinical, in vivo, and statistical approaches), as well as case studies, and reflections on new paradigms. Plenary and breakout session discussions evaluated the current state and envisioned a future state that more effectively integrates QbD and biopharmaceutics. Breakout groups discussed the following four topics: Integrating Biopharmaceutical Assessment into the QbD Paradigm, Predictive Statistical Tools, Predictive Mechanistic Tools, and Predictive Analytical Tools. Nine priority areas, further described in this report, were identified for advancing integration of biopharmaceutics and support a more fundamentally based, integrated approach to setting product dissolution/release acceptance criteria. Collaboration among a broad range of disciplines and fostering a knowledge sharing environment that places the patient's needs as the focus of drug development, consistent with science- and risk-based spirit of QbD, were identified as key components of the path forward.

Prediction of break-out sound from a rectangular cavity via an elastically mounted panel.

PubMed

Wang, Gang; Li, Wen L; Du, Jingtao; Li, Wanyou

2016-02-01

The break-out sound from a cavity via an elastically mounted panel is predicted in this paper. The vibroacoustic system model is derived based on the so-called spectro-geometric method in which the solution over each sub-domain is invariably expressed as a modified Fourier series expansion. Unlike the traditional modal superposition methods, the continuity of the normal velocities is faithfully enforced on the interfaces between the flexible panel and the (interior and exterior) acoustic media. A fully coupled vibro-acoustic system is obtained by taking into account the strong coupling between the vibration of the elastic panel and the sound fields on the both sides. The typical time-consuming calculations of quadruple integrals encountered in determining the sound power radiation from a panel has been effectively avoided by reducing them, via discrete cosine transform, into a number of single integrals which are subsequently calculated analytically in a closed form. Several numerical examples are presented to validate the system model, understand the effects on the sound transmissions of panel mounting conditions, and demonstrate the dependence on the size of source room of the "measured" transmission loss.

The resonant structure of ^18Ne and its relevance in the breakout of the Hot CNO cycle

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Almaraz-Calderon, S.; Tan, W.; Aprahamian, A.; Bucher, B.; Gorres, J.; Roberts, A.; Villano, A.; Wiescher, M.; Brune, C.; Heinen, Z.; Massey, T.; Mach, H.; Guray, N.; Guray, R. T.

2009-10-01

In explosive hydrogen burning environments such as Novae and X-ray bursts, temperatures and densities achieved are sufficiently high to bypass the beta decay of the waiting points of the hot CNO cycle by alpha captures, leading to a thermonuclear runaway via the rp-process. One of the two paths to a breakout from the hot CNO cycle is the route starting from ^14O(α,p)^17F followed by ^17F(p,γ)^18Ne and ^18Ne(α,p). The ^14O(α,p) reaction proceeds through resonant states in ^18Ne, making the reaction rate dependent on the excitation energies and spins as well as partial and total widths of these resonances. We used the ^16O(^3He,n) reaction and charged particle-neutron coincidences to measure the structure details of levels in ^18Ne. In particular, the α and proton decay branching ratios via ground state and excited states in ^17F were measured. The analysis of the data will allow us to provide crucial information to be included in the reaction network calculations that could have great impact on the nuclear energy generation and nucleosynthesis that occur in these explosive environments.

Wave Energy Prize - 1/50th Testing - Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge Team

DOE Data Explorer

Wesley Scharmen

2015-12-04

This submission of data includes all the 1/50th scale testing data completed on the Wave Energy Prize for the Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge team, and includes: 1/50th test data (raw & processed) 1/50th test data video and pictures 1/50th Test plans and testing documents SSTF_Submission (summarized results)

A linear induction motor with a coated conductor superconducting secondary

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Xin; Zheng, Shijun; Li, Jing; Ma, Guang Tong; Yen, Fei

2018-07-01

A linear induction motor system composed of a high-Tc superconducting secondary with close-ended coils made of REBCO coated conductor wire was designed and tested experimentally. The measured thrust, normal force and power loss are presented and explained by combining the flux dynamics inside superconductors with existing linear drive theory. It is found that an inherent capacitive component associated to the flux motion of vortices in the Type-II superconductor reduces the impedance of the coils; from such, the associated Lorentz forces are drastically increased. The resulting breakout thrust of the designed linear motor system was found to be extremely high (up to 4.7 kN/m2) while the associated normal forces only a fraction of the thrust. Compared to its conventional counterparts, high-Tc superconducting secondaries appear to be more feasible for use in maglev propulsion and electromagnetic launchers.

Antenatal testing-a reevaluation: executive summary of a Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development workshop.

PubMed

Signore, Caroline; Freeman, Roger K; Spong, Catherine Y

2009-03-01

In August 2007, the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, the National Institutes of Health Office of Rare Diseases, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, and the American Academy of Pediatrics cosponsored a 2-day workshop to reassess the body of evidence supporting antepartum assessment of fetal well-being, identify key gaps in the evidence, and formulate recommendations for further research. Participants included experts in obstetrics and fetal physiology and representatives from relevant stakeholder groups and organizations. This article is a summary of the discussions at the workshop, including synopses of oral presentations on the epidemiology of stillbirth and fetal neurological injury, fetal physiology, techniques for antenatal monitoring, and maternal and fetal indications for monitoring. Finally, a synthesis of recommendations for further research compiled from three breakout workgroups is presented.

Best practices for health and safety technology transfer in construction.

PubMed

Welch, Laura S; Russell, Dustin; Weinstock, Deborah; Betit, Eileen

2015-08-01

Construction continues to be a dangerous industry, yet solutions that would prevent injury and illness do exist. Prevention of injury and illness among construction workers requires dissemination, adoption, and implementation of these effective interventions, or "research to practice" (r2p). CPWR recruited participants with experience and insight into effective methods for diffusion of health and safety technologies in this industry for a symposium with 3 group sessions and 3 breakout groups. The organizers reviewed session notes and identified 141 recommendations, which were then assigned to 13 over-arching themes. Recommendations included a guide for researchers on patenting and licensing, a business case model, and in-depth case studies including development, testing, manufacturing, marketing, and diffusion. A more comprehensive understanding of the health and safety technology transfer landscape, the various actors, and their motivators and goals will help to foster the successful commercialization and diffusion of health and safety innovations. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Geomechanical Considerations for the Deep Borehole Field Test

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Park, B. Y.

2015-12-01

Deep borehole disposal of high-level radioactive waste is under consideration as a potential alternative to shallower mined repositories. The disposal concept consists of drilling a borehole into crystalline basement rocks to a depth of 5 km, emplacement of canisters containing solid waste in the lower 2 km, and plugging and sealing the upper 3 km of the borehole. Crystalline rocks such as granites are particularly attractive for borehole emplacement because of their low permeability and porosity at depth, and high mechanical strength to resist borehole deformation. In addition, high overburden pressures contribute to sealing of some of the fractures that provide transport pathways. We present geomechanical considerations during construction (e.g., borehole breakouts, disturbed rock zone development, and creep closure), relevant to both the smaller-diameter characterization borehole (8.5") and the larger-diameter field test borehole (17"). Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000.

Application and principles of photon-doppler velocimetry for explosives testing

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Briggs, Matthew Ellsworth; Hill, Larry; Hull, Larry

2010-01-01

The velocimetry technique PDV is easier to field than its predecessors VISAR and Fabry-Perot, works on a broader variety of experiments, and is more accurate and simple to analyze. Experiments and analysis have now demonstrated the accuracy, precision and interpretation of what PDV does and does not measure, and the successful application of POV to basic and applied detonation problems. We present a selection of results intended to help workers assess the capabilities of PDV. First we present general considerations about the technique: various PDV configurations, single-signal, multisignal (e.g., triature) and frequency-shifted PDV; what types of motion are sensed andmore » missed by PDV; analysis schemes for velocity and position extraction; accuracy and precision of the results; and, experimental considerations for probe selection and positioning. We then present the status of various applications: detonation speeds and wall motion in cylinder tests, breakout velocity distributions from bare HE, ejecta, measurements from fibers embedded in HE, projectile velocity, resolving 2 and 3-D velocity vectors. This paper is an overview of work done by many groups around the world.« less

Photogrammetric and Global Positioning System Measurements of Active Pahoehoe Lava Lobe Emplacement on Kilauea, Hawaii

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hamilton, Christopher W.; Glaze, Lori S.; James, Mike R.; Baloga, Stephen M.; Fagents, Sarah A.

2012-01-01

Basalt is the most common rock type on the surface of terrestrial bodies throughout the solar system and -- by total volume and areal coverage -- pahoehoe flows are the most abundant form of basaltic lava in subaerial and submarine environments on Earth. A detailed understanding of pahoehoe emplacement processes is necessary for developing accurate models of flow field development, assessing hazards associated with active lava flows, and interpreting the significance of lava flow morphology on Earth and other planetary bodies. Here, we examine the active emplacement of pahoehoe lobes along the margins of the Hook Flow from Pu'u 'O'o on Kilauea, Hawaii. Topographic data were acquired between 21 and 23 February 2006 using stereo-imaging and differential global positing system (DGPS) measurements. During this time, the average discharge rate for the Hook Flow was 0.01-0.05 cubic m/s. Using stereogrammetric point clouds and interpolated digital terrain models (DTMs), active flow fronts were digitized at 1 minute intervals. These areal spreading maps show that the lava lobe grew by a series of breakouts tha t broadly fit into two categories: narrow (0.2-0.6 m-wide) toes that grew preferentially down-slope, and broad (1.4-3.5 m-wide) breakouts that formed along the sides of the lobe, nearly perpendicular to the down-flow axis. These lobes inflated to half of their final thickness within approx 5 minutes, with a rate of inflation that generally deceased with time. Through a combination of down-slope and cross-slope breakouts, lobes developed a parabolic cross-sectional shape within tens of minutes. We also observed that while the average local discharge rate for the lobe was generally constant at 0.0064 +/- 0.0019 cubic m/s, there was a 2 to 6 fold increase in the areal coverage rate every 4.1 +/- 0.6 minutes. We attribute this periodicity to the time required for the dynamic pressurization of the liquid core of the lava lobe to exceed the cooling-induced strength of the lobe margins. Using DGPS-derived DTMs of the topography before and after pahoehoe lobe emplacement, we observed that the lava typically concentrated within existing topographic lows, with the lobe reaching a maximum thickness of approx 1.2 m above the lowest points of the initial topography and above reverse-facing slopes. Lobe margins were typically controlled by high-standing topography, with the zone directly adjacent to the final flow margin having average relief that is approx 4 cm higher than the lava-inundated region. This suggests that irregularities approx 25% of the height of the smallest breakout elements (i.e., toes) can exert a strong control on the paths of low-discharge pahoehoe lobes, with stagnated toes forming confining margins that allow interior portions of flow to topographically invert the landscape by inflation.

Wave Energy Prize MASK wave calibration data for the 1:20 scale testing at MASK

DOE Data Explorer

Driscoll, Rick

2017-05-08

Time series data, sensor layout, and wave calibration summaries for the wave height measurements for the 10 calibration sea states for the 1:20 scale testing of the Wave Energy Prize (WEP) at the US Navy's Maneuvering and Seakeeping (MASK) Basin at the Naval Surface Warfare Center in Carderock, Maryland. Measurements were made in the test area and upstream of the test area.

Wave Energy Prize - 1/20th Testing - M3 Wave

DOE Data Explorer

Wesley Scharmen

2016-08-12

Data from the 1/20th scale testing data completed on the Wave Energy Prize for the M3 Wave team, including the 1/20th scale test plan, raw test data, video, photos, and data analysis results. The top level objective of the 1/20th scale device testing is to obtain the necessary measurements required for determining Average Climate Capture Width per Characteristic Capital Expenditure (ACE) and the Hydrodynamic Performance Quality (HPQ), key metrics for determining the Wave Energy Prize (WEP) winners.

Wave Energy Prize - 1/20th Testing - RTI Wave Power

DOE Data Explorer

Scharmen, Wesley

2016-09-30

Data from the 1/20th scale testing data completed on the Wave Energy Prize for the RTI Wave Power team, including the 1/20th Test Plan, raw test data, video, photos, and data analysis results. The top level objective of the 1/20th scale device testing is to obtain the necessary measurements required for determining Average Climate Capture Width per Characteristic Capital Expenditure (ACE) and the Hydrodynamic Performance Quality (HPQ), key metrics for determining the Wave Energy Prize (WEP) winners.

Wave Energy Prize - 1/20th Testing - Harvest Wave Energy

DOE Data Explorer

Wesley Scharmen

2016-08-26

Data from the 1/20th scale testing data completed on the Wave Energy Prize for the Harvest Wave Energy team, including the 1/20th scale test plan, raw test data, video, photos, and data analysis results. The top level objective of the 1/20th scale device testing is to obtain the necessary measurements required for determining Average Climate Capture Width per Characteristic Capital Expenditure (ACE) and the Hydrodynamic Performance Quality (HPQ), key metrics for determining the Wave Energy Prize (WEP) winners.

Spatial distribution of radionuclides in 3D models of SN 1987A and Cas A

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Janka, Hans-Thomas; Gabler, Michael; Wongwathanarat, Annop

2017-02-01

Fostered by the possibilities of multi-dimensional computational modeling, in particular the advent of three-dimensional (3D) simulations, our understanding of the neutrino-driven explosion mechanism of core-collapse supernovae (SNe) has experienced remarkable progress over the past decade. First self-consistent, first-principle models have shown successful explosions in 3D, and even failed cases may be cured by moderate changes of the microphysics inside the neutron star (NS), better grid resolution, or more detailed progenitor conditions at the onset of core collapse, in particular large-scale perturbations in the convective Si and O burning shells. 3D simulations have also achieved to follow neutrino-driven explosions continuously from the initiation of the blast wave, through the shock breakout from the progenitor surface, into the radioactively powered evolution of the SN, and towards the free expansion phase of the emerging remnant. Here we present results from such simulations, which form the basis for direct comparisons with observations of SNe and SN remnants in order to derive constraints on the still disputed explosion mechanism. It is shown that predictions based on hydrodynamic instabilities and mixing processes associated with neutrino-driven explosions yield good agreement with measured NS kicks, light-curve properties of SN 1987A and asymmetries of iron and 44Ti distributions observed in SN 1987A and Cassiopeia A.

Project 1946

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-12-01

persuaded the Israelis to halt their advance and move to reinforce the war’s Southern Front, where the Egyptians were about to attempt their breakout...small, equipment was not up to date, and additionally, everyone in the community believed that just by having the Egyptian and the Syrian armies...militaries and governments. Egyptian President Gamal ’Abd Al- Nassir’s resignation was a direct result.22 There were similar movements in Syria, and

KSC-03pd0458

NASA Image and Video Library

2003-02-02

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - Former astronaut Sally Ride talks to young women at the Sally Ride Science Festival, held at the University of Central Florida, Orlando, Fla. The event promotes science, math and technology as future career paths for girls. Breakout sessions afforded closer interaction between Ride and festival attendees. Since it followed the tragic loss of the Columbia astronauts, a large poster was presented which attendees could sign as tribute..

Equal Pay for Working Families. National and State Data on the Pay Gap and Its Costs. A Joint Research Project.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hartmann, Heidi; Allen, Katherine; Owens, Christine

A national study, including state-by-state breakouts, analyzed Census Bureau and Bureau of Labor Statistics data to explore the wage gap. Median weekly earnings of men and women and of minorities and nonminorities were analyzed. Gender-based earnings differences and gender wage gaps were large for all women--and especially large for minority…

KSC-03PD-0458

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2003-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - Former astronaut Sally Ride talks to young women at the Sally Ride Science Festival, held at the University of Central Florida, Orlando, Fla. The event promotes science, math and technology as future career paths for girls. Breakout sessions afforded closer interaction between Ride and festival attendees. Since it followed the tragic loss of the Columbia astronauts, a large poster was presented which attendees could sign as tribute..

Beware the Ides of Coupland: Douglas Coupland's (Oh, so Very Canadian) Perspective on the Future and What It Means to Us

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Boyle-Taylor, Marilyn

2011-01-01

Douglas Coupland, a prolific author/artist/lecturer and now prognosticator, is in the forefront of the arts movement in both Canada and the US. His works, starting with his breakout novel "Generation X: Tales for an Accelerated Culture," have consistently worked as a bellwether of current perspectives and values, both noting our cultural…

Finding Faults: Tohoku and other Active Megathrusts/Megasplays

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Moore, J. C.; Conin, M.; Cook, B. J.; Kirkpatrick, J. D.; Remitti, F.; Chester, F.; Nakamura, Y.; Lin, W.; Saito, S.; Scientific Team, E.

2012-12-01

Current subduction-fault drilling procedure is to drill a logging hole, identify target faults, then core and instrument them. Seismic data may constrain faults but the additional resolution of borehole logs is necessary for efficient coring and instrumentation under difficult conditions and tight schedules. Thus, refining the methodology of identifying faults in logging data has become important, and thus comparison of log signatures of faults in different locations is worthwhile. At the C0019 (JFAST) drill site, the Tohoku megathrust was principally identified as a decollement where steep cylindrically-folded bedding abruptly flattens below the basal detachment. A similar structural contrast occurs across a megasplay fault in the NanTroSEIZE transect (Site C0004). At the Tohoku decollement, a high gamma-ray value from a pelagic clay layer, predicted as a likely decollement sediment type, strengthens the megathrust interpretation. The original identification of the pelagic clay as a decollement candidate was based on results of previous coring of an oceanic reference site. Negative density anomalies, often seen as low resistivity zones, identified a subsidiary fault in the deformed prism overlying the Tohoku megathrust. Elsewhere, at Barbados, Nankai (Moroto), and Costa Rica, negative density anomalies are associated with the decollement and other faults in hanging walls. Log-based density anomalies in fault zones provide a basis for recognizing in-situ fault zone dilation. At the Tohoku Site C0019, breakouts are present above but not below the megathrust. Changes in breakout orientation and width (stress magnitude) occur across megasplay faults at Sites C0004 and C0010 in the NantroSEIZE transect. Annular pressure anomalies are not apparent at the Tohoku megathrust, but are variably associated with faults and fracture zones drilled along the NanTroSEIZE transect. Overall, images of changes in structural features, negative density anomalies, and changes in breakout occurrence and orientation provide the most common log criteria for recognizing major thrust zones in ocean drilling holes at convergent margins. In the case of JFAST, identification of faults by logging was confirmed during subsequent coring activities, and logging data was critical for successful placement of the observatory down hole.

Pāhoa Near Miss: Serendipity? Or Science?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Trusdell, F.; Orr, T. R.; Lee, R. L.

2015-12-01

The "June 27th" flow, named for the date on which it started, threatened communities on the lower East Rift Zone (ERZ) of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaii, for several months during 2014-2015. The flow encroached on Pāhoa, threatening to cross the main street and sever Highway 130, which serves the rural communities on Kīlauea's south and east flanks. The rate of flow advance was influenced greatly by magma supply from the summit. Increases in ERZ discharge, presaged by inflationary summit tilt, resulted in flow advance of up to several hundred meters per day. When summit tilt switched to deflation, discharge waned and the flow slowed and often stalled, repeatedly stopping short of destroying critical infrastructure. When activity resumed, it typically did so as many small breakouts as far as a few km behind the flow front, which then had to resurface previously covered ground to extend the overall length of the flow. At the same time, lava near the flow front had a very spiny texture and was noticeably less fluid than lava closer to the vent, leading to speculation that physiochemical changes along the flow were limiting its length. In December 2014, we collected a suite of lava samples along the flow from near Pu`u `Ō`ō to its distal end (3 km to 18 km) to better understand the physiochemical changes along its length. The magma flux on that day was calculated at 90,000- 100,000 m3/day (~1 m3/s). Preliminary analyses of the samples reveal a down-flow decrease in lava vesicularity and temperature and a corresponding increase in density and microcrystallinity. We propose that the lava flow could only attain a length of ~21 km because of the changes in its apparent viscosity, for the calculated magma flux. The flows could not overcome the increasing downstream yield strength, and breakouts from the flow margins farther upslope were easier to achieve than forcing the front forward. These upslope breakouts were themselves limited in length by the same factors.

Wave Energy Prize - 1/20th Testing - CalWave Power Technologies

DOE Data Explorer

Scharmen, Wesley

2016-09-09

Data from the 1/20th scale testing data completed on the Wave Energy Prize for the CalWave Power Technologies team, including the 1/20th scale test plan, raw test data, video, photos, and data analysis results. The top level objective of the 1/20th scale device testing is to obtain the necessary measurements required for determining Average Climate Capture Width per Characteristic Capital Expenditure (ACE) and the Hydrodynamic Performance Quality (HPQ), key metrics for determining the Wave Energy Prize (WEP) winners.

Computing Optic Flow with ArduEye Vision Sensor

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-01-01

processing algorithm that can be applied to the flight control of other robotic platforms. 15. SUBJECT TERMS Optical flow, ArduEye, vision based ...2 Figure 2. ArduEye vision chip on Stonyman breakout board connected to Arduino Mega (8) (left) and the Stonyman vision chips (7...robotic platforms. There is a significant need for small, light , less power-hungry sensors and sensory data processing algorithms in order to control the

Proceedings of the Military Applications for Emerging Water Use Technologies Workshop

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-04-01

treatment sys- tem. • Developing bottles that are degradable , or made of material that is eas- ily reused. Graywater Treatment and disposal...occurs faster than re- charge; and contamination or degradation is occurring or threatened in many areas. Droughts and water restrictions are no...bioreactors. • Separate treatment for wastewater solids. • Recover energy from wastewater and water bottles . 4. All three breakout groups agreed that

Situation Awareness. Report of Break-Out Group 4.

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-10-01

abstraction of the objects and contents, which are displayed and analysed with a visualisation tool. To get a clear picture of the situation around you do...cities, villages etc.). It is possible for other types of information to be visualised /handled similarly for network and data analysis. A good example...interesting feature of a visualisation tool concerning reliability/uncertainty might be the possibility to show/hide uncertain information. This means that

Sally Ride Science Festival

NASA Image and Video Library

2003-02-01

Exhibits draw crowds of young women attending the Sally Ride Science Festival, held at the University of Central Florida, Orlando, Fla. The event promotes science, math and technology as future career paths for girls. Former astronaut Sally Ride addressed the girls, while breakout sessions afforded closer interaction between Ride and festival attendees. Since it followed the tragic loss of the Columbia astronauts, a large poster was presented which attendees could sign as tribute.

KSC-03pd0459

NASA Image and Video Library

2003-02-02

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- At the Sally Ride Science Festival, held at the University of Central Florida, Orlando, Fla., former astronaut Sally Ride talks to young women about their future. The event promotes science, math and technology as future career paths for girls. Breakout sessions afforded closer interaction between Ride and festival attendees. Since it followed the tragic loss of the Columbia astronauts, a large poster was presented which attendees could sign as tribute.

A Brownian Bridge Movement Model to Track Mobile Targets

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-09-01

breakout of Chinese forces in the South China Sea. Probability heat maps, depicting the probability of a target location at discrete times, are...achieve a higher probability of detection, it is more effective to have sensors cover a wider area at fewer discrete points in time than to have a...greater number of discrete looks using sensors covering smaller areas. 14. SUBJECT TERMS Brownian bridge movement models, unmanned sensors

Comparisons Of Two- And Three-Dimensional Convection In Type I X-Ray Bursts

DOE PAGES

Zingale, M.; Malone, C. M.; Nonaka, A.; ...

2015-07-01

We perform the first detailed three-dimensional simulation of low Mach number convection preceding runaway thermonuclear ignition in a mixed H/He X-ray burst. Our simulations include a moderate-sized, approximate network that captures hydrogen and helium burning up through rp-process breakout. We look at the difference between two- and three-dimensional convective fields, including the details of the turbulent convection.

40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart R of... - General Provisions Applicability to Subpart R

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Subpart R 1 Table 1 to Subpart R of Part 63 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... Pipeline Breakout Stations) Pt. 63, Subpt. R, Table 1 Table 1 to Subpart R of Part 63—General Provisions Applicability to Subpart R Reference Applies to subpart R Comment 63.1(a)(1) Yes 63.1(a)(2) Yes 63.1(a)(3) Yes...

40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart R of... - General Provisions Applicability to Subpart R

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Subpart R 1 Table 1 to Subpart R of Part 63 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... Pipeline Breakout Stations) Pt. 63, Subpt. R, Table 1 Table 1 to Subpart R of Part 63—General Provisions Applicability to Subpart R Reference Applies to subpart R Comment 63.1(a)(1) Yes 63.1(a)(2) Yes 63.1(a)(3) Yes...

40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart R of... - General Provisions Applicability to Subpart R

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Subpart R 1 Table 1 to Subpart R of Part 63 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... Pipeline Breakout Stations) Pt. 63, Subpt. R, Table 1 Table 1 to Subpart R of Part 63—General Provisions Applicability to Subpart R Reference Applies to subpart R Comment 63.1(a)(1) Yes 63.1(a)(2) Yes 63.1(a)(3) Yes...

40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart R of... - General Provisions Applicability to Subpart R

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Subpart R 1 Table 1 to Subpart R of Part 63 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... Pipeline Breakout Stations) Pt. 63, Subpt. R, Table 1 Table 1 to Subpart R of Part 63—General Provisions Applicability to Subpart R Reference Applies to subpart R Comment 63.1(a)(1) Yes 63.1(a)(2) Yes 63.1(a)(3) Yes...

40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart R of... - General Provisions Applicability to Subpart R

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Subpart R 1 Table 1 to Subpart R of Part 63 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... Pipeline Breakout Stations) Pt. 63, Subpt. R, Table 1 Table 1 to Subpart R of Part 63—General Provisions Applicability to Subpart R Reference Applies to subpart R Comment 63.1(a)(1) Yes 63.1(a)(2) Yes 63.1(a)(3) Yes...

Central Procurement Workload Projection Model

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-02-01

generated by the P&P Directorates such as procurement actions (PA’s) are pursued. Specifi- cally, Box-Jenkins Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average...Breakout of PA’s to over and under $10,000 23 IV. FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 24 A. General 24 B. Findings 24 C. Recommendations 25...the model will predict the actual values and hence the error will be zero . Therefore, after forecasting 3 quarters into the future no error

KSC-03PD-0459

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2003-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- At the Sally Ride Science Festival, held at the University of Central Florida, Orlando, Fla., former astronaut Sally Ride talks to young women about their future. The event promotes science, math and technology as future career paths for girls. Breakout sessions afforded closer interaction between Ride and festival attendees. Since it followed the tragic loss of the Columbia astronauts, a large poster was presented which attendees could sign as tribute.

Storage and Supply Activities: Physical Inventory Control

DTIC Science & Technology

2001-11-19

in appendix C. Small scale accountable supply distribution activities ( ASDAs ) (such as, service item control centers (SICC)), may be exempt from the...organizational breakout shown in appendix C. These ASDAs , however, will set up a single centralized organization. It will report directly to the chief...regulation. (a) SAs will set up standard inventory organizations as outlined in appendix D. (b) Where the ASDA and the SA are collocated and separate

Characterization of U.S. Wave Energy Converter (WEC) Test Sites: A Catalogue of Met-Ocean Data, 2nd Edition

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ann R. Dallman; Neary, Vincent S.

This report presents met-ocean data and wave energy characteristics at eight U.S. wave energy converter (WEC) test and potential deployment sites. Its purpose is to enable the comparison of wave resource characteristics among sites as well as the selection of test sites that are most suitable for a developer's device and that best meet their testing needs and objectives. It also provides essential inputs for the design of WEC test devices and planning WEC tests, including the planning of deployment, and operations and maintenance. For each site, this report catalogues wave statistics recommended in the International Electrotechnical Commission Technical Specimore » cation (IEC 62600-101 TS) on Wave Energy Characterization, as well as the frequency of occurrence of weather windows and extreme sea states, and statistics on wind and ocean currents. It also provides useful information on test site infrastructure and services.« less

Identifying opportunities for collaboration and growth of genetic counseling services in the Asia Region.

PubMed

Laurino, Mercy Y; Sternen, Darci L; Thompson, Jennifer K; Leppig, Kathleen A

2017-07-01

The Genetic Counseling Pre-Conference Workshop (GCPCW) was held on September 16, 2015, in Hanoi, Vietnam. We report the GCPCW outcomes obtained from pre- and post-conference questionnaires, case-review breakout session, and an open discussion of needs for genetic counseling services in the Asia region. The GCPCW participants completed questionnaires with closed- and open-ended questions regarding the status and needs of providing genetic counseling services in Asia. Utilizing thematic content analysis, common themes shared during the case-review breakout session are summarized and survey results are tabulated. Of the 71 participants, pre- and post-conference questionnaires were returned by 57 (80%) and 44 (62%) individuals, respectively. Of the 42 participants who did not identify themselves as students in training, 36 (86%) stated they are currently providing genetic counseling services. Participants cited that the most useful information obtained during the GCPCW related to the status of genetic counseling services in the region, discovery of shared challenges, professional networking, and the need to establish genetic counseling training programs and its accreditation. The GCPCW provided a collaborative forum to address current challenges and needs of genetic counseling services in the region. Strategies were identified to foster genetic counseling training and clinical service opportunities.

Proton radiography measurements of ejecta structure in shocked Sn

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hammerberg, J. E.; Buttler, W. T.; Llobet, A.; Morris, C.

We have performed ejecta measurements at the Los Alamos proton radiography facility on 7 mm thick 50 mm diameter Sn samples driven with a PBX9501 high explosive. The surface of the Sn, in contact with He gas at an initial pressure of 7 atmospheres, was machined to have 3 concentric sinusoidal features with a wavelength of λ = 2mm in the radial direction and amplitude h0 = 0.159mm (kh0 = 2 πh0/ λ = 0.5). The shock pressure was 27 GPa. 28 images were obtained between 0 and 14 μs from the time of shock breakout at 500 ns intervals. The Abel inverted density profiles evolve to a self-similar density distribution that depends on a scaling variable z/vst where vs is the spike tip velocity, z is the distance from the free surface and t is the time after shock breakout. Both the density profiles and the time dependence of the mass per unit area in the evolving spikes are in good agreement with a Richtmyer-Meshkov instability based model for ejecta production and evolution. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Dept. of Energy under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. The support of the LANL ASC- PEM and Science Campaign 2 programs is gratefully acknowledged.

The 2017 Academic Emergency Medicine Consensus Conference: Catalyzing System Change Through Healthcare Simulation: Systems, Competency, and Outcomes.

PubMed

Bond, William F; Hui, Joshua; Fernandez, Rosemarie

2018-02-01

Over the past decade, emergency medicine (EM) took a lead role in healthcare simulation in part due to its demands for successful interprofessional and multidisciplinary collaboration, along with educational needs in a diverse array of cognitive and procedural skills. Simulation-based methodologies have the capacity to support training and research platforms that model micro-, meso-, and macrosystems of healthcare. To fully capitalize on the potential of simulation-based research to improve emergency healthcare delivery will require the application of rigorous methods from engineering, social science, and basic science disciplines. The Academic Emergency Medicine (AEM) Consensus Conference "Catalyzing System Change Through Healthcare Simulation: Systems, Competency, and Outcome" was conceived to foster discussion among experts in EM, engineering, and social sciences, focusing on key barriers and opportunities in simulation-based research. This executive summary describes the overall rationale for the conference, conference planning, and consensus-building approaches and outlines the focus of the eight breakout sessions. The consensus outcomes from each breakout session are summarized in proceedings papers published in this issue of Academic Emergency Medicine. Each paper provides an overview of methodologic and knowledge gaps in simulation research and identifies future research targets aimed at improving the safety and quality of healthcare. © 2017 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine.

Proceedings of the U.S. Geological Survey Interdisciplinary Microbiology Workshop, Estes Park, Colorado, October 15-17, 2008

USGS Publications Warehouse

Briggs, Kay Marano

2010-01-01

Preface A U.S. Geological Survey Interdisciplinary Microbiology Workshop was held in Estes Park, Colorado, on October 15-17, 2008. Participants came from all USGS regions and disciplines. This report contains abstracts from 36 presentations and 35 poster sessions and notes from 5 breakout sessions. The seven presentation topics follow: Ecology of wildlife and fish disease Mechanisms of fish and wildlife disease Microbial ecology Geographic patterns/visualization Public health and water quality Geomicrobiology Ecosystem function The six poster session topics follow: Wildlife disease Disease detection methods Water quality Microbial ecology Metabolic processes Tools and techniques Five working groups met in breakout sessions on October 16, 2008. The highlights for each working group are summarized in this report, and their goals are listed below: Working Group I: to plan a Fact Sheet on interdisciplinary microbiology in the USGS Working Group II: to plan a USGS interdisciplinary microbiology Web site Working Group III: to suggest ways to broadcast and publicize the types of microbiology conducted at the USGS Working Group IV: to identify emerging issues in USGS interdisciplinary microbiology research Working Group V: to identify potential opportunities for interdisciplinary microbiology work at the USGS After the workshop, the USGS interdisciplinary microbiology Web site was activated in June 2009 at http://microbiology.usgs.gov/.

Meeting of the Central and Eastern U.S. (CEUS) Earthquake Hazards Program October 28–29, 2009

USGS Publications Warehouse

Tuttle, Martitia; Boyd, Oliver; McCallister, Natasha

2013-01-01

On October 28th and 29th, 2009, the U.S. Geological Survey Earthquake Hazards Program held a meeting of Central and Eastern United States investigators and interested parties in Memphis, Tennessee. The purpose of the meeting was to bring together the Central and Eastern United States earthquake-hazards community to present and discuss recent research results, to promote communication and collaboration, to garner input regarding future research priorities, to inform the community about research opportunities afforded by the 2010–2012 arrival of EarthScope/USArray in the central United States, and to discuss plans for the upcoming bicentennial of the 1811–1812 New Madrid earthquakes. The two-day meeting included several keynote speakers, oral and poster presentations by attendees, and breakout sessions. The meeting is summarized in this report and can be subdivided into four primary sections: (1) summaries of breakout discussion groups; (2) list of meeting participants; (3) submitted abstracts; and (4) slide presentations. The abstracts and slides are included “as submitted” by the meeting participants and have not been subject to any formal peer review process; information contained in these sections reflects the opinions of the presenter at the time of the meeting and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey.

Down syndrome: national conference on patient registries, research databases, and biobanks.

PubMed

Oster-Granite, Mary Lou; Parisi, Melissa A; Abbeduto, Leonard; Berlin, Dorit S; Bodine, Cathy; Bynum, Dana; Capone, George; Collier, Elaine; Hall, Dan; Kaeser, Lisa; Kaufmann, Petra; Krischer, Jeffrey; Livingston, Michelle; McCabe, Linda L; Pace, Jill; Pfenninger, Karl; Rasmussen, Sonja A; Reeves, Roger H; Rubinstein, Yaffa; Sherman, Stephanie; Terry, Sharon F; Whitten, Michelle Sie; Williams, Stephen; McCabe, Edward R B; Maddox, Yvonne T

2011-01-01

A December 2010 meeting, "Down Syndrome: National Conference on Patient Registries, Research Databases, and Biobanks," was jointly sponsored by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in Bethesda, MD, and the Global Down Syndrome Foundation (GDSF)/Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome based in Denver, CO. Approximately 70 attendees and organizers from various advocacy groups, federal agencies (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and various NIH Institutes, Centers, and Offices), members of industry, clinicians, and researchers from various academic institutions were greeted by Drs. Yvonne Maddox, Deputy Director of NICHD, and Edward McCabe, Executive Director of the Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome. They charged the participants to focus on the separate issues of contact registries, research databases, and biobanks through both podium presentations and breakout session discussions. Among the breakout groups for each of the major sessions, participants were asked to generate responses to questions posed by the organizers concerning these three research resources as they related to Down syndrome and then to report back to the group at large with a summary of their discussions. This report represents a synthesis of the discussions and suggested approaches formulated by the group as a whole. Copyright © 2011. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Initiation of Coronal Mass Ejections by Tether-Cutting Reconnection

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Moore, Ronald L.; Sterling, Alphonse C.; Falconer, David A.; Six, N. Frank (Technical Monitor)

2002-01-01

We present and interpret examples of the eruptive motion and flare brightening observed in the onset of magnetic explosions that produce coronal mass ejections. The observations are photospheric magnetograms and sequences of coronal and/or chromospheric images. In our examples, the explosion is apparently driven by the ejective eruption of a sigmoidal sheared-field flux rope from the core of an initially closed bipole. This eruption is initiated (triggered and unleashed) by reconnection located either (1) internally, low in the sheared core field, or (2) externally, at a magnetic null above the closed bipole. The internal reconnection is commonly called 'tether-cutting" reconnection, and the external reconnection is commonly called "break-out' reconnection. We point out that break-out reconnection amounts to external tether cutting. In one example, the eruptive motion of the sheared core field starts several minutes prior to any detectable brightening in the coronal images. We suggest that in this case the eruption is triggered by internal tether-cutting reconnection that at first is too slow and/or too localized to produce detectable heating in the coronal images. This work is supported by NASA's Office of Space Science through its Solar & Heliospheric Physics Supporting Research & Technology program and its Sun-Earth Connection Guest Investigator program.

Conference Proceedings: “Down Syndrome: National Conference on Patient Registries, Research Databases, and Biobanks”

PubMed Central

Oster-Granite, Mary Lou; Parisi, Melissa A.; Abbeduto, Leonard; Berlin, Dorit S.; Bodine, Cathy; Bynum, Dana; Capone, George; Collier, Elaine; Hall, Dan; Kaeser, Lisa; Kaufmann, Petra; Krischer, Jeffrey; Livingston, Michelle; McCabe, Linda L.; Pace, Jill; Pfenninger, Karl; Rasmussen, Sonja A.; Reeves, Roger H.; Rubinstein, Yaffa; Sherman, Stephanie; Terry, Sharon F.; Whitten, Michelle Sie; Williams, Stephen; McCabe, Edward R.B.; Maddox, Yvonne T.

2011-01-01

A December 2010 meeting, “Down Syndrome: National Conference on Patient Registries, Research Databases, and Biobanks,” was jointly sponsored by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in Bethesda, MD, and the Global Down Syndrome Foundation (GDSF)/Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome based in Denver, CO. Approximately 70 attendees and organizers from various advocacy groups, federal agencies (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and various NIH Institutes, Centers, and Offices), members of industry, clinicians, and researchers from various academic institutions were greeted by Drs. Yvonne Maddox, Deputy Director of NICHD, and Edward McCabe, Executive Director of the Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome. They charged the participants to focus on the separate issues of contact registries, research databases, and biobanks through both podium presentations and breakout session discussions. Among the breakout groups for each of the major sessions, participants were asked to generate responses to questions posed by the organizers concerning these three research resources as they related to Down syndrome and then to report back to the group at large with a summary of their discussions. This report represents a synthesis of the discussions and suggested approaches formulated by the group as a whole. PMID:21835664

Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative Science and Management Workshop Proceedings, May 12-14, 2009, Laramie, Wyoming

USGS Publications Warehouse

Nuccio, Vito F.; D'Erchia, Frank D.; Parady, K.(compiler); Mellinger, A.

2010-01-01

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) hosted the second Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative (WLCI) Science and Management Workshop at the University of Wyoming Conference Center and Hilton Garden Inn on May 12, 13, and 14, 2009, in Laramie, Wyo. The workshop focused on six topics seen as relevant to ongoing WLCI science and management activities: mapping and modeling resources for decisionmaking; data information and management; fish and wildlife research; changing landscapes; monitoring; and reclamation and offsite mitigation. Panelists gave presentations on ongoing research in these six areas during plenary sessions followed by audience discussions. Three breakout groups focused on discussing wildlife, reclamation, and monitoring. Throughout the plenary sessions, audience discussions, and breakout groups, several needs were repeatedly emphasized by panelists and workshop participants: developing a conservation plan and identifying priority areas and species for conservation actions; gaining a deeper understanding of sagebrush ecology; identifying thresholds for wildlife that can be used to create an 'early warning system' for managers; continuing to collect basic data across the landscape; facilitating even greater communication and partnership across agencies and between scientists and land managers; and engaging proactively in understanding new changes on the landscape such as wind energy development and climate change. Detailed proceedings from the workshop are captured and summarized in this report.

Space Solar Power Technical Interchange Meeting 2: SSP TIM 2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sanders, Jim; Hawk, Clark W.

1998-01-01

The 2nd Space Solar Power Technical Interchange Meeting (SSP TIM 2) was conducted September 21st through 24th with the first part consisting of a Plenary session. The summary results of this Plenary session are contained in part one of this report. The attendees were then organized into Working Breakout Sessions and Integrated Product Team (IPT) Sessions for the purpose of conducting in-depth discussions in specific topic areas and developing a consensus as to appropriate study plans and actions to be taken. The Second part covers the Plenary Summary Session, which contains the summary results of the Working Breakout Sessions and IPT Sessions. The appendix contains the list of attendees. The ob'jective was to provide an update for the study teams and develop plans for subsequent study activities. This SSP TIM 2 was initiated and the results reported electronically over the Internet. The International Space Station (ISS) could provide the following opportunities for conducting research and technology (R&T) which are applicable to SSP: (1) Automation and Robotics, (2) Advanced Power Generation, (3) Advanced Power Management & Distribution (PMAD), (4) Communications Systems and Networks, (5) Energy Storage, (6) In Space Propulsion (ISP), (7) Structural Dynamics and Control, and Assembly and (8) Wireless Power Transmission.

The breakout of the Hot CNO cycle via ^18Ne resonant states

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Almaraz-Calderon, S.; Tan, W.; Aprahamian, A.; Bucher, B.; Gorres, J.; Roberts, A.; Villano, A.; Wiescher, M.; Brune, C.; Heinen, Z.; Massey, T.; Ozkan, N.; Guray, R. T.; Mach, H.

2010-11-01

The energy generation rate in the HCNO cycle is limited by the β decay of the waiting point nuclei ^14O and ^15O. However, when the temperatures and densities are high enough (e.g. Novae and X-ray Bursts) it is possible to bypass them by p/α captures resulting in a thermonuclear runaway towards the rp-process. One of the two paths for breakouts from the HCNO cycle is the reaction chain ^14O(α,p)^17F(p,γ)^18Ne(α,p), which proceeds through resonant states on ^18Ne, making their reactions rates very sensitive on the partial and total widths, excitation energies and spins of such resonances. We studied the resonant states in ^18Ne via ^16O(^3He,n) reaction. The neutrons were measured with an array of liquid scintillators using Time-of-Flight and pulse-shape discrimination techniques. The charged particles were detected in coincidence with neutrons by an array of silicon detectors, allowing us to measure α, p, p' and 2p decay branching ratios. Tentative spin assignments were made in comparison with zero range DWBA calculations. This new information will be included in reaction network calculations to evaluate its impact on the nuclear energy generation that occurs in these stellar explosive environments.

Model Test Bed for Evaluating Wave Models and Best Practices for Resource Assessment and Characterization

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Neary, Vincent Sinclair; Yang, Zhaoqing; Wang, Taiping

A wave model test bed is established to benchmark, test and evaluate spectral wave models and modeling methodologies (i.e., best practices) for predicting the wave energy resource parameters recommended by the International Electrotechnical Commission, IEC TS 62600-101Ed. 1.0 ©2015. Among other benefits, the model test bed can be used to investigate the suitability of different models, specifically what source terms should be included in spectral wave models under different wave climate conditions and for different classes of resource assessment. The overarching goal is to use these investigations to provide industry guidance for model selection and modeling best practices depending onmore » the wave site conditions and desired class of resource assessment. Modeling best practices are reviewed, and limitations and knowledge gaps in predicting wave energy resource parameters are identified.« less

Present-day stress state analysis on the Big Island of Hawaíi, USA

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pierdominici, Simona; Kueck, Jochem; Millett, John; Planke, Sverre; Jerram, Dougal A.; Haskins, Eric; Thomas, Donald

2017-04-01

We analyze and interpret the stress features from a c. 1.5 km deep fully cored borehole (PTA2) on the Big Island of Hawaíi within the Humúula saddle region, between the Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa volcanoes. The Big Island of Hawaii comprises the largest and youngest island of the Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain and is volumetrically dominated by shield stage tholeiitic volcanic rocks. Mauna Kea is dormant whereas Mauna Loa is still active. There are also a series of normal faults on Mauna Loa's northern and western slopes, between its two major rift zones, that are believed to be the result of combined circumferential tension from the two rift zones and from added pressure due to the westward growth of the neighboring Kīlauea volcano. The PTA2 borehole was drilled in 2013 into lava dominated formation (Pahoehoe and Aā) as part of the Humúula Groundwater Research Project (HGPR) with the purpose of characterizing the groundwater resource potential in this area. In 2016 two downhole logging campaigns were performed by the Operational Support Group of the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) to acquire a set of geophysical data as part of the Volcanic Margin Petroleum Prospectivity (VMAPP) project. The main objective of the logging campaign was to obtain high quality wireline log data to enable a detailed core-log integration of the volcanic sequence and to improve understanding of the subsurface expression of volcanic rocks. We identify stress features (e.g. borehole breakouts) and volcanic structures (e.g. flow boundaries, vesicles and jointing) at depth using borehole images acquired with an ABI43 acoustic borehole televiewer. We analyzed and interpreted the stress indicators and compared their orientation with the regional stress pattern. We identified a set of stress indicators along the hole dominantly concentrated within the lower logged interval of the PTA2 borehole. Two primary horizontal stress indicators have been taken into account: borehole breakouts (bidirectional enlargements) (BB) and drilling induced tensile fractures (DIF). BB and DIF occur when the stresses around the borehole exceed the compressive and tensile yield stress of the borehole wall rock respectively causing failure. A breakout is caused by the development of intersecting conjugate shear planes that cause pieces of the borehole wall to spall off. For a breakout to develop, the stress concentration around a vertical borehole is largest in the direction of the minimum horizontal stress. Hence, BB develops approximately parallel to the orientation of the minimum horizontal stress. For the DIF, the stress concentration around a vertical borehole is at a minimum in the maximum horizontal stress direction. Hence, DIF develop approximately parallel to the orientation of the maximum horizontal stress. Based on the World Stress Map, the present-day stress in this area is defined only by focal mechanism solutions. These data give a unique opportunity to characterize the orientation of the present-day stress field between two large volume shield volcanoes on an active volcanic island using a different approach and stress indicators.

Present-day stress state in the Outokumpu deep drill hole, Finland

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pierdominici, Simona; Ask, Maria; Kukkonen, Ilmo; Kueck, Jochem

2017-04-01

This study aims to investigate the present-day stress field in the Outokumpu area, eastern Finland, using interpretation of borehole failure on acoustic image logs in a 2516 m deep hole. Two main objectives of this study are: i. to constrain the orientation of maximum horizontal stress by mapping the occurrence of stress-induced deformation features using two sets of borehole televiewer data, which were collected in 2006 and 2011; and ii. to investigate whether any time dependent deformation of the borehole wall has occurred (creep). The Outokumpu deep hole was drilled during 2004-2005 to study deep structures and seismic reflectors within the Outokumpu formation and conducted within the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP). The hole was continuously core-drilled into Paleoproterozoic formation of metasediments, ophiolite-derived altered ultrabasic rocks and pegmatitic granite. In 2006 and 2011 two downhole logging campaigns were performed by the Operational Support Group of ICDP to acquire a set of geophysical data. Here we focus on a specific downhole logging measurement, the acoustic borehole televiewer (BHTV), to determine the present-day stress field in the Outokumpu area. We constrain the orientation and magnitude of in situ stress tensor based on borehole wall failures detected along a 2516 m deep hole. Horizontal stress orientation was determined by interpreting borehole breakouts (BBs) and drilling-induced tensile fractures (DIFs) from BHTV logs. BBs are stress-induced enlargements of the borehole cross section and occur in two opposite zones at angles around the borehole where the wellbore stress concentration (hoop stress) exceeds the value required to cause compressive failure of intact rock. DIFs are caused by tensile failure of the borehole wall and form at two opposite spots on the borehole where the stress concentration is lower than the tensile strength of the rock. This occurs at angles 90° apart from the center of the breakout zone. Acoustic imaging logs provide a high-resolution oriented picture of the borehole wall that allows for the direct observation of BBs, which appear as two almost vertical swaths on the borehole image separated by 180°. BBs show poor sonic reflectivity and long travel times due to the many small brittle fractures and the resulting spalling. DIFs appear as two narrow stripes of low reflectivity separated by 180° and typically sub-parallel or slightly inclined to the borehole axis. The analysis of these images shows a distinct compressive failure area consistent with major geological and tectonic lineaments of the area. Deviations from this trend reflect local structural perturbations. Additionally, the 2006 and 2011 dataset are used to compare the changes of breakout geometry and to quantify the growth of the breakouts in this time span from differences in width, length and depth to estimate the magnitude of the horizontal stress tensors. Our study contributes to understand the structure of the shallow crust in the Outokumpu area by defining the current stress field. Furthermore, a detailed understanding of the regional stress field is a fundamental contribution in several research areas such as exploration and exploitation of underground resources, and geothermal reservoir studies.

Wave Resource Characterization at US Wave Energy Converter (WEC) Test Sites

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dallman, A.; Neary, V. S.

2016-02-01

The US Department of Energy's (DOE) Marine and Hydrokinetic energy (MHK) Program is supporting a diverse research and development portfolio intended to accelerate commercialization of the marine renewable industry by improving technology performance, reducing market barriers, and lowering the cost of energy. Wave resource characterization at potential and existing wave energy converter (WEC) test sites and deployment locations contributes to this DOE goal by providing a catalogue of wave energy resource characteristics, met-ocean data, and site infrastructure information, developed utilizing a consistent methodology. The purpose of the catalogue is to enable the comparison of resource characteristics among sites to facilitate the selection of test sites that are most suitable for a developer's device and that best meet their testing needs and objectives. It also provides inputs for the design of WEC test devices and planning WEC tests, including the planning of deployment and operations and maintenance. The first edition included three sites: the Pacific Marine Energy Center (PMEC) North Energy Test Site (NETS) offshore of Newport, Oregon, the Kaneohe Bay Naval Wave Energy Test Site (WETS) offshore of Oahu, HI, and a potential site offshore of Humboldt Bay, CA (Eureka, CA). The second edition was recently finished, which includes five additional sites: the Jennette's Pier Wave Energy Converter Test Site in North Carolina, the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Field Research Facility (FRF), the PMEC Lake Washington site, the proposed PMEC South Energy Test Site (SETS), and the proposed CalWave Central Coast WEC Test Site. The operational sea states are included according to the IEC Technical Specification on wave energy resource assessment and characterization, with additional information on extreme sea states, weather windows, and representative spectra. The methodology and a summary of results will be discussed.

Evidence of Standing Waves in Arc Jet Nozzle Flow

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Driver, David M.; Hartman, Joe; Philippidis, Daniel; Noyes, Eric; Hui, Frank; Terrazas-Salinas, Imelda

2017-01-01

Waves spawned by the nozzle in the NASA Ames 60 MW Interaction Heating Facility arc jet were experimentally observed in pressure surveys at the exit of the nozzle. The waves have been seen in past CFD simulations, but were away from the region where models were tested (for the existing nozzles). However, a recent test series with a new nozzle extension (229 mm exit diameter) revealed that these waves intersect the centerline of the jet in a region where it is desirable to put test articles, and that the waves may be contributing to non-uniform recession behavior seen in Teflon (trademark) sublimation test articles tested in this new nozzle. It is reasonable to assume the ablation recession of thermal protection models will also be nonuniform due to exposure to these waves. This work shows that ablation response is sensitive to the location of test samples in the free jet relative to the location of the wave interaction, and that the issues with these waves can be avoided by choosing an optimum position for a test article in the free jet. This work describes the experimental observations along with the CFD simulations that have identified the waves emanating from the nozzle, as well as the instrumentation used to detect them. The work describes a recommended solution, derived by CFD analysis, which if implemented, should significantly reduce these flow disturbance and pressure anomalies in future nozzles.

WEC-SIM Phase 1 Validation Testing -- Numerical Modeling of Experiments: Preprint

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ruehl, Kelley; Michelen, Carlos; Bosma, Bret

2016-08-01

The Wave Energy Converter Simulator (WEC-Sim) is an open-source code jointly developed by Sandia National Laboratories and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. It is used to model wave energy converters subjected to operational and extreme waves. In order for the WEC-Sim code to be beneficial to the wave energy community, code verification and physical model validation is necessary. This paper describes numerical modeling of the wave tank testing for the 1:33-scale experimental testing of the floating oscillating surge wave energy converter. The comparison between WEC-Sim and the Phase 1 experimental data set serves as code validation. This paper is amore » follow-up to the WEC-Sim paper on experimental testing, and describes the WEC-Sim numerical simulations for the floating oscillating surge wave energy converter.« less

Characterization of Regular Wave, Irregular Wave, and Large-Amplitude Wave Group Kinematics in an Experimental Basin

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-02-01

seakeeping was the transient wave technique, developed analytically by Davis and Zarnick (1964). At the David Taylor Model Basin, Davis and Zarnick, and...Gersten and Johnson (1969) applied the transient wave technique to regular wave model experiments for heave and pitch, at zero forward speed. These...tests demonstrated a potential reduction by an order of magnitude of the total necessary testing time. The transient wave technique was also applied to

KSC-03pd0463

NASA Image and Video Library

2003-02-02

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- At the Sally Ride Science Festival, held at the University of Central Florida, Orlando, Fla., young women gather to sign a large poster in tribute to the Columbia astronauts who were lost in the Shuttle's explosion the day before. The Sally Ride event promotes science, math and technology as future career paths for girls. Former astronaut Sally Ride addressed the girls, while breakout sessions afforded closer interaction between Ride and festival attendees.

KSC-03pd0462

NASA Image and Video Library

2003-02-02

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- At the Sally Ride Science Festival, held at the University of Central Florida, Orlando, Fla., young women gather to sign a large poster in tribute to the Columbia astronauts who were lost in the Shuttle's explosion the day before. The Sally Ride event promotes science, math and technology as future career paths for girls. Former astronaut Sally Ride addressed the girls, while breakout sessions afforded closer interaction between Ride and festival attendees.

KSC-03pd0461

NASA Image and Video Library

2003-02-02

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- At the Sally Ride Science Festival, held at the University of Central Florida, Orlando, Fla., young women gather to sign a large poster in tribute to the Columbia astronauts who were lost in the Shuttle's explosion the day before. The Sally Ride event promotes science, math and technology as future career paths for girls. Former astronaut Sally Ride addressed the girls, while breakout sessions afforded closer interaction between Ride and festival attendees.

KSC-03PD-0463

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2003-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- At the Sally Ride Science Festival, held at the University of Central Florida, Orlando, Fla., young women gather to sign a large poster in tribute to the Columbia astronauts who were lost in the Shuttle's explosion the day before. The Sally Ride event promotes science, math and technology as future career paths for girls. Former astronaut Sally Ride addressed the girls, while breakout sessions afforded closer interaction between Ride and festival attendees.

KSC-03PD-0462

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2003-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- At the Sally Ride Science Festival, held at the University of Central Florida, Orlando, Fla., young women gather to sign a large poster in tribute to the Columbia astronauts who were lost in the Shuttle's explosion the day before. The Sally Ride event promotes science, math and technology as future career paths for girls. Former astronaut Sally Ride addressed the girls, while breakout sessions afforded closer interaction between Ride and festival attendees.

KSC-03PD-0460

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2003-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Exhibits draw crowds of young women attending the Sally Ride Science Festival, held at the University of Central Florida, Orlando, Fla. The event promotes science, math and technology as future career paths for girls. Former astronaut Sally Ride addressed the girls, while breakout sessions afforded closer interaction between Ride and festival attendees. Since it followed the tragic loss of the Columbia astronauts, a large poster was presented which attendees could sign as tribute.

KSC-03PD-0461

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2003-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- At the Sally Ride Science Festival, held at the University of Central Florida, Orlando, Fla., young women gather to sign a large poster in tribute to the Columbia astronauts who were lost in the Shuttle's explosion the day before. The Sally Ride event promotes science, math and technology as future career paths for girls. Former astronaut Sally Ride addressed the girls, while breakout sessions afforded closer interaction between Ride and festival attendees.

Proceedings of the Fifth Integrated Communications, Navigation, and Surveillance (ICNS) Conference and Workshop

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fujikawa, Gene (Compiler)

2005-01-01

Contents includes papers on the following: JPDO: Inter-Agency Cooperation for the Next Generation ATS; R&T Programs; Integrated CNS Systems and Architectures; Datalink Communication Systems; Navigation, System Demonstrations and Operations; Safety and Security Initiatives Impacting CNS; Global Communications Initiatives; Airborne Internet; Avionics for System-Level Enhancements; SWIM (System Wide Information Management); Weather Products and Data Dissemination Technologies; Airsapce Communication Networks; Surveillance Systems; Workshop Breakouts Sessions and ; ICNS Conference Information.

Phase-shifting point diffraction interferometer

DOEpatents

Medecki, H.

1998-11-10

Disclosed is a point diffraction interferometer for evaluating the quality of a test optic. In operation, the point diffraction interferometer includes a source of radiation, the test optic, a beam divider, a reference wave pinhole located at an image plane downstream from the test optic, and a detector for detecting an interference pattern produced between a reference wave emitted by the pinhole and a test wave emitted from the test optic. The beam divider produces separate reference and test beams which focus at different laterally separated positions on the image plane. The reference wave pinhole is placed at a region of high intensity (e.g., the focal point) for the reference beam. This allows reference wave to be produced at a relatively high intensity. Also, the beam divider may include elements for phase shifting one or both of the reference and test beams. 8 figs.

Phase-shifting point diffraction interferometer

DOEpatents

Medecki, Hector

1998-01-01

Disclosed is a point diffraction interferometer for evaluating the quality of a test optic. In operation, the point diffraction interferometer includes a source of radiation, the test optic, a beam divider, a reference wave pinhole located at an image plane downstream from the test optic, and a detector for detecting an interference pattern produced between a reference wave emitted by the pinhole and a test wave emitted from the test optic. The beam divider produces separate reference and test beams which focus at different laterally separated positions on the image plane. The reference wave pinhole is placed at a region of high intensity (e.g., the focal point) for the reference beam. This allows reference wave to be produced at a relatively high intensity. Also, the beam divider may include elements for phase shifting one or both of the reference and test beams.

Final Report Feasibility Study for the California Wave Energy Test Center (CalWavesm)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Blakeslee, Samuel Norman; Toman, William I.; Williams, Richard B.

The California Wave Energy Test Center (CalWave) Feasibility Study project was funded over multiple phases by the Department of Energy to perform an interdisciplinary feasibility assessment to analyze the engineering, permitting, and stakeholder requirements to establish an open water, fully energetic, grid connected, wave energy test center off the coast of California for the purposes of advancing U.S. wave energy research, development, and testing capabilities. Work under this grant included wave energy resource characterization, grid impact and interconnection requirements, port infrastructure and maritime industry capability/suitability to accommodate the industry at research, demonstration and commercial scale, and macro and micro sitingmore » considerations. CalWave Phase I performed a macro-siting and down-selection process focusing on two potential test sites in California: Humboldt Bay and Vandenberg Air Force Base. This work resulted in the Vandenberg Air Force Base site being chosen as the most favorable site based on a peer reviewed criteria matrix. CalWave Phase II focused on four siting location alternatives along the Vandenberg Air Force Base coastline and culminated with a final siting down-selection. Key outcomes from this work include completion of preliminary engineering and systems integration work, a robust turnkey cost estimate, shoreside and subsea hazards assessment, storm wave analysis, lessons learned reports from several maritime disciplines, test center benchmarking as compared to existing international test sites, analysis of existing applicable environmental literature, the completion of a preliminary regulatory, permitting and licensing roadmap, robust interaction and engagement with state and federal regulatory agency personnel and local stakeholders, and the population of a Draft Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Preliminary Application Document (PAD). Analysis of existing offshore oil and gas infrastructure was also performed to assess the potential value and re-use scenarios of offshore platform infrastructure and associated subsea power cables and shoreside substations. The CalWave project team was well balanced and was comprised of experts from industry, academia, state and federal regulatory agencies. The result of the CalWave feasibility study finds that the CalWave Test Center has the potential to provide the most viable path to commercialization for wave energy in the United States.« less

Mechanical behavior in the Nankai inner accretionary prism, IODP Site C0002

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Valdez, R. D., II; Saffer, D. M.

2017-12-01

Understanding the processes that control seismogenesis and stress state at subduction zones requires knowledge of fault zone and sediment physical and mechanical properties. As part of the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Nankai Trough Seismogenic Zone Experiment (NanTroSEIZE), Expedition 348 drilled into the Kumano forearc basin and underlying inner accretionary prism at Site C0002, located 35 km landward of the trench. One primary objective was to sample and characterize the mechanical behavior of the inner accretionary prism. Here we report on the frictional and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of mudstone samples and a clay-rich shear zone recovered from 2182-2209 meters below sea floor (mbsf), determined from triaxial deformation tests at confining pressures from 1 to 7 MPa (UCS measurements on mudstones) and 36 MPa (strength of fault zone). Our results show that at a confining pressure of 1 MPa, the wall rock sediments fail at a peak differential stress of 9.1 MPa with a residual stress of 2.8 MPa. A clear peak and evolution to residual strength remains present at 7 MPa, and both the peak and residual strengths of the mudstones increases systematically with confining pressure. At a confining pressure of 36 MPa, the shear zone sediment yields at a differential stress of 25.2 MPa followed by strain-hardening to a maximum stress of 33.1 MPa. The shear zone is frictionally weaker than the surrounding mudstones, with a friction coefficient (μ) of 0.26-0.31, versus µ = 0.45 for the wall rock. The suite of tests defines a UCS for the mudstone of 7.9 MPa. Our friction data suggest that the inner wedge may be weaker than commonly assumed in applications of critical wedge theory to estimate the properties and conditions in accretionary prisms. One key implication is that for a given basal detachment friction coefficient, higher basal pore pressures (or lower wedge pore pressures) would be required to sustain observed taper angles. Additionally, the UCS we define is significantly lower than predicted by widely-adopted empirical relations between P wave velocity and UCS for shales (UCS of 15.5 MPa), suggesting that existing analyses of stress magnitudes from borehole breakout widths may overestimate horizontal stress magnitudes.

Stress estimation in reservoirs using an integrated inverse method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mazuyer, Antoine; Cupillard, Paul; Giot, Richard; Conin, Marianne; Leroy, Yves; Thore, Pierre

2018-05-01

Estimating the stress in reservoirs and their surroundings prior to the production is a key issue for reservoir management planning. In this study, we propose an integrated inverse method to estimate such initial stress state. The 3D stress state is constructed with the displacement-based finite element method assuming linear isotropic elasticity and small perturbations in the current geometry of the geological structures. The Neumann boundary conditions are defined as piecewise linear functions of depth. The discontinuous functions are determined with the CMA-ES (Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy) optimization algorithm to fit wellbore stress data deduced from leak-off tests and breakouts. The disregard of the geological history and the simplified rheological assumptions mean that only the stress field, statically admissible and matching the wellbore data should be exploited. The spatial domain of validity of this statement is assessed by comparing the stress estimations for a synthetic folded structure of finite amplitude with a history constructed assuming a viscous response.

Impact analysis of air gap motion with respect to parameters of mooring system for floating platform

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shen, Zhong-xiang; Huo, Fa-li; Nie, Yan; Liu, Yin-dong

2017-04-01

In this paper, the impact analysis of air gap concerning the parameters of mooring system for the semi-submersible platform is conducted. It is challenging to simulate the wave, current and wind loads of a platform based on a model test simultaneously. Furthermore, the dynamic equivalence between the truncated and full-depth mooring system is still a tuff work. However, the wind and current loads can be tested accurately in wind tunnel model. Furthermore, the wave can be simulated accurately in wave tank test. The full-scale mooring system and the all environment loads can be simulated accurately by using the numerical model based on the model tests simultaneously. In this paper, the air gap response of a floating platform is calculated based on the results of tunnel test and wave tank. Meanwhile, full-scale mooring system, the wind, wave and current load can be considered simultaneously. In addition, a numerical model of the platform is tuned and validated by ANSYS AQWA according to the model test results. With the support of the tuned numerical model, seventeen simulation cases about the presented platform are considered to study the wave, wind, and current loads simultaneously. Then, the impact analysis studies of air gap motion regarding the length, elasticity, and type of the mooring line are performed in the time domain under the beam wave, head wave, and oblique wave conditions.

Defining in-situ stress magnitude and the responses of geology to stress anisotropy in heterogeneous lithologies for the United Kingdom

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kingdon, A.; Fellgett, M. W.; Williams, J. D. O.

2017-12-01

Exploitation of shale gas in the USA has led to interest in similar UK deposits. After tremors at the Preese Hall well in 2011, the process of hydraulic fracturing has become contentious. In-situ stress orientation controls the direction that fractures propagate from a well. World Stress Map (WSM) data coverage for the UK has historically been sparse. Improvements to the stress orientations for the UK are vital for reducing risk levels of induced seismicity. In some offshore basins, maximum horizontal stress (SHMax) is sub-parallel to major inverted Permo-Triassic faults, episodically reactivated during the Cenozoic, indicating a degree of structural control. Understanding for UK stress magnitude has been poor. Data for Northern England has been augmented with new estimates of vertical stress (Sv), minimum horizontal stress (Shmin) and pore pressure, focussed on potentially prospective basins east and west of the Pennines. Calculated values combined with legacy hydraulic fracturing and overcoring data show vertical stress gradients vary from 23 to 26 MPa/Km-1. Cheshire and Scotland show higher Shmin values by 2 MPa/Km-1 compared to Yorkshire and South East England. SHMax values exceeds the Sv which in turn exceeds Shmin indicating a predominantly strike slip environment. Pore pressure appears to be uniformly hydrostatic across the studied regions. There is some evidence above 1200 m depth of reverse faulting in igneous rocks in Cornwall, Leicestershire and Cumbria. Analysis of borehole imaging for the lithologically heterogeneous Carboniferous Coal Measures, highlights variability failure modes over confined vertical intervals. Breakouts are disproportionately located in "seatearths", palaeosols located stratigraphically beneath coal seams. Drilling induced tensile fractures are located within close proximity in overbank silt/clay facies and relatively massive channel sands that typically over and underlie coal deposits. Strength tests show that breakouts occur in the "seatearth" facies because of high frequency pedogenic slickensides. Failure mode in response to stress, whilst consistent in orientation, are highly complex. Responses of individual facies are highly dependent upon the detailed lithology and diagenetic alteration of these materials.

Using Mauna Loa Atmospheric CO2 Data in Large General Education Geoscience Courses

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Richardson, R. M.; Kapp, J. L.

2007-12-01

We have been using the Mauna Loa atmospheric CO2 dataset (http://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/data/in_situ_co2/monthly_mlo.csv) in a large (up to 300) General Education Geoscience course, primarily in small breakout groups (30 students). The exercise is designed to address quantitative literacy including percentages, slopes and linear trends, issues of data completeness and bias, quality of extrapolations, as well as implications for climate change. We are significantly revising the course, which serves 600 students a semester, with help from a curriculum grant. A major goal is to improve student learning by incorporating inquiry based activities in the large lecture setting. Lectures now incorporate several activities throughout a given class period, in which students are asked to use critical thinking skills such as interpreting patterns in data and graphs, analyzing a scientific hypothesis for its coherence with the scientific method, and answering higher order synthesis questions in both verbal and written form. This differs from our past format where class periods were dominated by lecture, with a single short activity done individually about every other lecture. To test the effectiveness of the new course format we will give students the same atmospheric CO2 exercise in the lecture setting that they were given previously in breakout groups. Students will work in small groups in lecture after receiving a short introduction to the exercise by the instructor. They will plot CO2 concentrations, make extrapolations, and interpret patterns in the data. We will compare scores on the exercise with previous semesters. We expect that students will do better having had more experience with interpreting scientific data and practicing higher order thinking skills. We also expect working in small groups will foster better learning through peer teaching and discussion. We will incorporate responses from students who took part in the exercises from current and previous semesters. We administer a greenhouse effect concept inventory both before and after the CO2 exercise and other in-class greenhouse gas activities, and will present those results as well.

Storm wave buoy equipped with micromechanical inertial unit: Results of development and testing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gryazin, D. G.; Staroselcev, L. P.; Belova, O. O.; Gleb, K. A.

2017-07-01

The article describes the results of developing a wave buoy to measure the statistical characteristics of waves and the characteristics of directional spectra of three-dimensional waves. The device is designed for long-term measurements lasting up to a season, which can help solve problems in forecasting waves and preventing emergencies from wave impact on offshore platforms, hydraulic structures, and other marine facilities. The measuring unit involves triads of micromechanical gyroscopes, accelerometers, and a three-component magnetometer. A description of the device, results of laboratory research of its characteristics, and bench and full-scale tests are offered. It is noted that to assess the performance characteristics, comparative tests of the Storm wave buoy were conducted with a standard string wave probe installed on an offshore platform. It is shown that the characteristics and capabilities of the wave buoy make it possible to oust foreign devices from the domestic market.

How to test gravitation theories by means of gravitational-wave measurements

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Thorne, K. S.

1974-01-01

Gravitational-wave experiments are a potentially powerful tool for testing gravitation theories. Most theories in the literature predict rather different polarization properties for gravitational waves than are predicted by general relativity; and many theories predict anomalies in the propagation speeds of gravitational waves.

Point-source and diffuse high-energy neutrino emission from Type IIn supernovae

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Petropoulou, M.; Coenders, S.; Vasilopoulos, G.; Kamble, A.; Sironi, L.

2017-09-01

Type IIn supernovae (SNe), a rare subclass of core collapse SNe, explode in dense circumstellar media that have been modified by the SNe progenitors at their last evolutionary stages. The interaction of the freely expanding SN ejecta with the circumstellar medium gives rise to a shock wave propagating in the dense SN environment, which may accelerate protons to multi-PeV energies. Inelastic proton-proton collisions between the shock-accelerated protons and those of the circumstellar medium lead to multimessenger signatures. Here, we evaluate the possible neutrino signal of Type IIn SNe and compare with IceCube observations. We employ a Monte Carlo method for the calculation of the diffuse neutrino emission from the SN IIn class to account for the spread in their properties. The cumulative neutrino emission is found to be ˜10 per cent of the observed IceCube neutrino flux above 60 TeV. Type IIn SNe would be the dominant component of the diffuse astrophysical flux, only if 4 per cent of all core collapse SNe were of this type and 20-30 per cent of the shock energy was channeled to accelerated protons. Lower values of the acceleration efficiency are accessible by the observation of a single Type IIn SN as a neutrino point source with IceCube using up-going muon neutrinos. Such an identification is possible in the first year following the SN shock breakout for sources within 20 Mpc.

Wave Energy Prize -- Carderock Test Design and Rigging to Accommodate Diversity of Device Types

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Driscoll, Frederick R

Wave Energy Prize Carderock Test Design and Rigging to Accommodate Diversity of Device Types presentation from the Water Power Technologies Office Peer Review, FY14-FY16. The challenge was to determine testing conditions, develop processing algorithms, and execute tests for equitable and consistent evaluation of different wave energy converter (WEC) technologies.

Using SOHO to Understand CME-Producing Quiet-Region Filament Eruptions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sterling, A. C.; Moore, R. L.; Harra, L. K.

2006-01-01

In recent years we have been studying solar eruptions in an attempt to determine their primary initiation mechanism. We have focused on events involving filaments, because motions of the filaments just prior to their violent eruption are indicative of changes in the entire magnetic field system involved in the eruption. When the pre-eruption filament resides in a quiet region, the motions leading up to eruption are slower than in similar eruptions in active regions due to the weaker magnetic field strength and correspondingly lower Alfven velocities. These early motions manifest themselves in a slow rise (a few km/s) of the filament, in some cases lasting several hours. After this the filament and associated magnetic structures erupt rapidly, accelerating to speeds of a few 10 kmh over a few minutes. Because of their slow evolution, quiet-region eruptions such as these can be effectively studied in EUV with SOHO/EIT, with its regular cadence of about 12 min. For several cases we have combined EIT images with SOHO/MDI magnetograms and data from other other instruments, and compared our observations with predictions from various eruption scenarios, in particular the "breakout" (Antiochos 1998), "tether cutting" (e.g., Moore et al. 2001), and MHD instability mechanisms. Here we present a representative example of a quiet-region eruption involving a filament ejection, that occurred on 2001 February 28 in a magnetically quadrupolar region and produced a halo CME in SOHO/LASCO images. In addition to EIT and MDI, we analyzed spectral data from SOHO/CDS and soft X-ray (SXR) images from Yohkoh/SXT. We found that flux emergence occurred near one end of the filament, and that both this emergence and resulting microflaring in SXRs and EUV were temporally and spatially closely related to the start of the filament's slow rise. Intensity changes (dimmings and brightenings) in the EIT and SXT images indicate that fields far removed from the erupting core were involved in the eruption, and that breakout-type reconnection did occur. Our observations allow us to investigate whether breakout was the trigger of the eruption, or merely a consequence of a more fundamental eruption process such as tether cutting or MHD instability occurring in a complex magnetic environment.

Wave Energy Prize - 1/20th Testing - SEWEC

DOE Data Explorer

Wesley Scharmen

2016-10-07

Data from the 1/20th scale testing data completed on the Wave Energy Prize for the SEWEC team, including the 1/20th scale test plan, raw test data, video, photos, and data analysis results. The top level objective of the 1/20th scale device testing is to obtain the necessary measurements required for determining Average Climate Capture Width per Characteristic Capital Expenditure (ACE) and the Hydrodynamic Performance Quality (HPQ), key metrics for determining the Wave Energy Prize (WEP) winners. * Note: During the TG4 judging meeting, the Wave Energy Prize judges reviewed the data collected during the testing of SEWEC's device at Carderock and determined that the data were inconclusive and did not allow an ACE value to be calculated for the device. Consequently, the SEWEC device was deemed ineligible to be considered for the Wave Energy Prize.

How Can Catholic Higher Education Help K-12 Catholic Schools and School Systems Prepare for and Maximize Participation in Parental Choice Programs? "A Reflection on the 2013 Catholic Higher Education Collaborative Conference on Catholic School Financing"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ferguson, Susan M.

2014-01-01

Susan Ferguson reflects on the Catholic Higher Education Collaborative Conference of 2013 and the breakout group talk titled "Helping the Church Prepare for and Implement Publicly Funded Programs." The main point of the talk asked: "How Can Catholic Higher Education Help K-12 Catholic Schools and School Systems Prepare for and…

General Troy H. Middleton: Steadfast in Command

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-05-19

front, flanks and rear open…Bradley simply wants a bridgehead over the Selune River. What I want and intend to get is Brest and Angers.”77 Patton...during the Normandy breakout. He had ordered the 6th Armored Division to advance on Brest . However, Patton found Grow’s 6th Armored Division...approximately a hundred miles from Brest on August 3, 1944.78 Patton reviewed Middleton’s orders that assigned an intermediate objective of Dinan en route to St

Development of a Novel Guided Wave Generation System Using a Giant Magnetostrictive Actuator for Nondestructive Evaluation

PubMed Central

Luo, Mingzhang; Li, Weijie; Wang, Junming; Chen, Xuemin; Song, Gangbing

2018-01-01

As a common approach to nondestructive testing and evaluation, guided wave-based methods have attracted much attention because of their wide detection range and high detection efficiency. It is highly desirable to develop a portable guided wave testing system with high actuating energy and variable frequency. In this paper, a novel giant magnetostrictive actuator with high actuation power is designed and implemented, based on the giant magnetostrictive (GMS) effect. The novel GMS actuator design involves a conical energy-focusing head that can focus the amplified mechanical energy generated by the GMS actuator. This design enables the generation of stress waves with high energy, and the focusing of the generated stress waves on the test object. The guided wave generation system enables two kinds of output modes: the coded pulse signal and the sweep signal. The functionality and the advantages of the developed system are validated through laboratory testing in the quality assessment of rock bolt-reinforced structures. In addition, the developed GMS actuator and the supporting system are successfully implemented and applied in field tests. The device can also be used in other nondestructive testing and evaluation applications that require high-power stress wave generation. PMID:29510540

Development of a Novel Guided Wave Generation System Using a Giant Magnetostrictive Actuator for Nondestructive Evaluation.

PubMed

Luo, Mingzhang; Li, Weijie; Wang, Junming; Wang, Ning; Chen, Xuemin; Song, Gangbing

2018-03-04

As a common approach to nondestructive testing and evaluation, guided wave-based methods have attracted much attention because of their wide detection range and high detection efficiency. It is highly desirable to develop a portable guided wave testing system with high actuating energy and variable frequency. In this paper, a novel giant magnetostrictive actuator with high actuation power is designed and implemented, based on the giant magnetostrictive (GMS) effect. The novel GMS actuator design involves a conical energy-focusing head that can focus the amplified mechanical energy generated by the GMS actuator. This design enables the generation of stress waves with high energy, and the focusing of the generated stress waves on the test object. The guided wave generation system enables two kinds of output modes: the coded pulse signal and the sweep signal. The functionality and the advantages of the developed system are validated through laboratory testing in the quality assessment of rock bolt-reinforced structures. In addition, the developed GMS actuator and the supporting system are successfully implemented and applied in field tests. The device can also be used in other nondestructive testing and evaluation applications that require high-power stress wave generation.

THE PROPAGATION OF NEUTRINO-DRIVEN JETS IN WOLF-RAYET STARS

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nagakura, Hiroki, E-mail: hiroki@heap.phys.waseda.ac.jp; Advanced Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555

We numerically investigate the jet propagation through a rotating collapsing Wolf-Rayet star with detailed central engine physics constructed based on the neutrino-driven collapsar model. The collapsing star determines the evolution of the mass accretion rate, black hole mass, and spin, all of which are important ingredients for determining the jet luminosity. We reveal that neutrino-driven jets in rapidly spinning Wolf-Rayet stars are capable of breaking out from the stellar envelope, while those propagating in slower rotating progenitors fail to break out due to insufficient kinetic power. For progenitor models with successful jet breakouts, the kinetic energy accumulated in the cocoonmore » could be as large as {approx}10{sup 51} erg and might significantly contribute to the luminosity of the afterglow emission or to the kinetic energy of the accompanying supernova if nickel production takes place. We further analyze the post-breakout phase using a simple analytical prescription and conclude that the relativistic jet component could produce events with an isotropic luminosity L {sub p(iso)} {approx} 10{sup 52} erg s{sup -1} and isotropic energy E {sub j(iso)} {approx} 10{sup 54} erg. Our findings support the idea of rapidly rotating Wolf-Rayet stars as plausible progenitors of GRBs, while slowly rotational ones could be responsible for low-luminosity or failed GRBs.« less

Topographic stress perturbations in southern Davis Mountains, west Texas 1. Polarity reversal of principal stresses

USGS Publications Warehouse

Savage, W.Z.; Morin, R.H.

2002-01-01

We have applied a previously developed analytical stress model to interpret subsurface stress conditions inferred from acoustic televiewer logs obtained in two municipal water wells located in a valley in the southern Davis Mountains near Alpine, Texas. The appearance of stress-induced breakouts with orientations that shift by 90?? at two different depths in one of the wells is explained by results from exact solutions for the effects of valleys on gravity and tectonically induced subsurface stresses. The theoretical results demonstrate that above a reference depth termed the hinge point, a location that is dependent on Poisson's ratio, valley shape, and magnitude of the maximum horizontal tectonic stress normal to the long axis of the valley, horizontal stresses parallel to the valley axis are greater than those normal to it. At depths below this hinge point the situation reverses and horizontal stresses normal to the valley axis are greater than those parallel to it. Application of the theoretical model at Alpine is accommodated by the fact that nearby earthquake focal mechanisms establish an extensional stress regime with the regional maximum horizontal principal stress aligned perpendicular to the valley axis. We conclude that the localized stress field associated with a valley setting can be highly variable and that breakouts need to be examined in this context when estimating the orientations and magnitudes of regional principal stresses.

A universal model for solar eruptions.

PubMed

Wyper, Peter F; Antiochos, Spiro K; DeVore, C Richard

2017-04-26

Magnetically driven eruptions on the Sun, from stellar-scale coronal mass ejections to small-scale coronal X-ray and extreme-ultraviolet jets, have frequently been observed to involve the ejection of the highly stressed magnetic flux of a filament. Theoretically, these two phenomena have been thought to arise through very different mechanisms: coronal mass ejections from an ideal (non-dissipative) process, whereby the energy release does not require a change in the magnetic topology, as in the kink or torus instability; and coronal jets from a resistive process involving magnetic reconnection. However, it was recently concluded from new observations that all coronal jets are driven by filament ejection, just like large mass ejections. This suggests that the two phenomena have physically identical origin and hence that a single mechanism may be responsible, that is, either mass ejections arise from reconnection, or jets arise from an ideal instability. Here we report simulations of a coronal jet driven by filament ejection, whereby a region of highly sheared magnetic field near the solar surface becomes unstable and erupts. The results show that magnetic reconnection causes the energy release via 'magnetic breakout'-a positive-feedback mechanism between filament ejection and reconnection. We conclude that if coronal mass ejections and jets are indeed of physically identical origin (although on different spatial scales) then magnetic reconnection (rather than an ideal process) must also underlie mass ejections, and that magnetic breakout is a universal model for solar eruptions.

GRB 120422A: a Low-Luminosity Gamma-Ray Burst Driven by a Central Engine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zhang, Bin-Bin; Fan, Yi-Zhong; Shen, Rong-Feng; Xu, Dong; Zhang, Fu-Wen; Wei, Da-Ming; Burrows, David N.; Zhang, Bing; Gehrels, Neil

2012-01-01

GRB 120422A is a low-luminosity gamma-ray burst (GRB) associated with a bright supernova, which distinguishesitself by its relatively short T(sub 90) (approximately 5 s) and an energetic and steep-decaying X-ray tail. We analyze the Swift BurstAlert Telescope and X-ray Telescope data and discuss the physical implications. We show that the steep declineearly in the X-ray light curve can be interpreted as the curvature tail of a late emission episode around 58-86 s,with a curved instantaneous spectrum at the end of the emission episode. Together with the main activity in thefirst 20 s and the weak emission from 40 s to 60 s, the prompt emission is variable, which points to a centralengine origin in contrast to a shock-breakout origin, which is used to interpret some other nearby low-luminosity supernova GRBs. Both the curvature effect model and interpreting the early shallow decay as the coasting externalforward shock emission in a wind medium provide a constraint on the bulk Lorentz factor to be around several.Comparing the properties ofGRB 120422A and other supernova GRBs,we find that themain criterion to distinguish engine-driven GRBs from shock-breakout GRBs is the time-averaged -ray luminosity. Engine-driven GRBs likelyhave a luminosity above approximately 10(sup 48) erg s(sup -1).

Simultaneous Dual Species Matter Wave Interferometry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schlippert, Dennis; Albers, Henning; Richardson, Logan; Meiners, Christian; Hartwig, Jonas; Ertmer, Wolfgang; Rasel, Ernst

2014-05-01

We report on the first realization of a simultaneous 39K-87Rb-dual species matter wave interferometer measuring gravitational acceleration with the aim to test Einstein's Equivalence Principle (EEP). Compared to classical tests such as torsion pendulum experiments and Lunar Laser Ranging, chemical elements suitable for performing matter wave interferometry can provide complementary information. We show the performance of our apparatus and discuss current limitations and future improvements towards highly sensitive matter wave tests of EEP.

Remote Associates Test and Alpha Brain Waves

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Haarmann, Henk J.; George, Timothy; Smaliy, Alexei; Dien, Joseph

2012-01-01

Previous studies found that performance on the remote associates test (RAT) improves after a period of incubation and that increased alpha brain waves over the right posterior brain predict the emergence of RAT insight solutions. We report an experiment that tested whether increased alpha brain waves during incubation improve RAT performance.…

St. Paul Harbor, St. Paul Island, Alaska; Design for Wave and Shoaling Protection; Hydraulic Model Investigation

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-09-01

S P a .E REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE OMR;oJ ’ , CRR Eo Dale n2 ;R6 ’a 4EPOR- SCRFT CASS F.C.T ON ’b RES’RICTI’,E MARKINGS Unclassified a ECRIT y...and selection of test waves 30. Measured prototype wave data on which a comprehensive statistical analysis of wave conditions could be based were...Tests Existing conditions 32. Prior to testing of the various improvement plans, comprehensive tests were conducted for existing conditions (Plate 1

Nondestructive testing of CFRP plates by Lamb waves

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tsushima, Satoshi; Fukiage, Norio; Ono, Masao

1993-03-01

Nondestructive testing based on low frequency Lamb waves was used to analyze the thickness of plates, the delamination, the fiber contents, and the wave velocities in composite laminates. The thickness of plates was predicted and the delamination was detected using the relationship between the phase velocities of Lamb waves and the product of frequency and plate thickness. The fiber content was predicted from the stationary waves, and the wave velocity propagating at an angle to the fiber direction was calculated using the Young's modulus.

Final Report Feasibility Study for the California Wave Energy Test Center (CalWavesm) - Volume #2 - Appendices #16-17

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dooher, Brendan; Toman, William I.; Davy, Doug M.

The California Wave Energy Test Center (CalWave) Feasibility Study project was funded over multiple phases by the Department of Energy to perform an interdisciplinary feasibility assessment to analyze the engineering, permitting, and stakeholder requirements to establish an open water, fully energetic, grid connected, wave energy test center off the coast of California for the purposes of advancing U.S. wave energy research, development, and testing capabilities. Work under this grant included wave energy resource characterization, grid impact and interconnection requirements, port infrastructure and maritime industry capability/suitability to accommodate the industry at research, demonstration and commercial scale, and macro and micro sitingmore » considerations. CalWave Phase I performed a macro-siting and down-selection process focusing on two potential test sites in California: Humboldt Bay and Vandenberg Air Force Base. This work resulted in the Vandenberg Air Force Base site being chosen as the most favorable site based on a peer reviewed criteria matrix. CalWave Phase II focused on four siting location alternatives along the Vandenberg Air Force Base coastline and culminated with a final siting down-selection. Key outcomes from this work include completion of preliminary engineering and systems integration work, a robust turnkey cost estimate, shoreside and subsea hazards assessment, storm wave analysis, lessons learned reports from several maritime disciplines, test center benchmarking as compared to existing international test sites, analysis of existing applicable environmental literature, the completion of a preliminary regulatory, permitting and licensing roadmap, robust interaction and engagement with state and federal regulatory agency personnel and local stakeholders, and the population of a Draft Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Preliminary Application Document (PAD). Analysis of existing offshore oil and gas infrastructure was also performed to assess the potential value and re-use scenarios of offshore platform infrastructure and associated subsea power cables and shoreside substations. The CalWave project team was well balanced and was comprised of experts from industry, academia, state and federal regulatory agencies. The result of the CalWave feasibility study finds that the CalWave Test Center has the potential to provide the most viable path to commercialization for wave energy in the United States.« less

Mechanical Waves Conceptual Survey: Its Modification and Conversion to a Standard Multiple-Choice Test

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barniol, Pablo; Zavala, Genaro

2016-01-01

In this article we present several modifications of the mechanical waves conceptual survey, the most important test to date that has been designed to evaluate university students' understanding of four main topics in mechanical waves: propagation, superposition, reflection, and standing waves. The most significant changes are (i) modification of…

Development, Test, and Evaluation of Microwave Radar Water Level (MWWL) Sensors' Wave Measurement Capability

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Iyer, S. K.; Heitsenrether, R.

2015-12-01

Waves can have a significant impact on many coastal operations including navigational safety, recreation, and even the economy. Despite this, as of 2009, there were only 181 in situ real-time wave observation networks nationwide (IOOS 2009). There has recently been interest in adding real-time wave measurement systems to already existing NOAA Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services (CO-OPS) stations. Several steps have already been taken in order to achieve this, such as integrating information from existing wave measurement buoys and initial testing of multiple different wave measurement systems (Heitsenrether et al. 2012). Since wave observations can be derived from high frequency water level changes, we will investigate water level sensors' capability to measure waves. Recently, CO-OPS has been transitioning to new microwave radar water level (MWWL) sensors which have higher resolution and theoretically a greater potential wave measurement capability than the acoustic sensors in stilling wells. In this study, we analyze the wave measurement capability of MWWL sensors at two high energy wave environments, Duck, NC and La Jolla, CA, and compare results to two "reference" sensors (A Nortek acoustic waves and currents profiler (AWAC) at Duck and a single point pressure sensor at La Jolla). A summary of results from the two field test sites will be presented, including comparisons of wave energy spectra, significant wave height, and peak period measured by the test MWWL sensors and both reference AWAC and pressure sensors. In addition, relationships between MWWL versus reference wave sensor differences and specific wave conditions will be discussed. Initial results from spectral analysis and the calculation of bulk wave parameters indicate that MWWL sensors set to the "NoFilter" processing setting can produce wave measurements capability that compare well to the two reference sensors. These results support continued development to enable the installation of MWWL sensors at CO-OPS locations as a method of measuring waves.

Nornahraun lava morphology and mode of emplacement

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pedersen, Gro B. M.; Höskuldsson, Armann; Riishuus, Morten S.; Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg; Gudmundsson, Magnús T.; Sigmundsson, Freysteinn; Óskarsson, Birgir V.; Drouin, Vincent; Gallagher, Catherine; Askew, Rob; Moreland, William M.; Dürig, Tobias; Dumont, Stephanie; Þórdarson, Þór

2015-04-01

The ongoing Nornahraun eruption is the largest effusive eruption in Iceland since the Laki eruption in 1783-84, with an estimated lava volume of ~1.15 km3 covering an area of ~83.4 km2 (as of 5 JAN 2015). The eruption provides an unprecedented opportunity to study i) lava morphologies and their emplacement styles, ii) the transition from from open to closed lava pathways and iii) lava pond formation. Tracking of the lava advancement and morphology has been performed by GPS and GoPro cameras installed in 4×4 vehicles as well as video footage. Complimentary observations have been provided from aircraft platforms and by satellite data. Of particular importance for lava morphology observations are 1-12 m/pixel airborne SAR images (x-band). The Nornahraun flow field comprises a continuum of morphologies from pāhoehoe to 'a'ā, which have varied tem-porally and spatially. At the onset of the eruption 31 AUG, lava flows advanced rapidly (400-800 m/hr) from the 1.5 km long fissure as large slabby pāhoehoe [1-3] sheet lobes, 100-500 m wide and 0.3-1 m thick at the flow fronts. By 1 SEPT, the flows began channeling towards the NE constrained by the older Holuhraun I lava field and the to-pography of flood plain itself. A central open channel developed, feeding a 1-2 km wide active 'a'ā frontal lobe that advanced 1-2 km/day. In addition to its own caterpillar motion, the frontal lobe advanced in a series of 30-50 m long breakouts, predominantly slabby and rubbly pāhoehoe [4,5]. These breakouts had initial velocities of 10-30 m/hr and reached their full length within tens of minutes and subsequently inflated over hours. With the continuous advancement of the 'a'ā flow front, the breakouts were incorporated into the 'a'ā flow fronts and seldom preserved. At the margins of the frontal lava lobe, the breakouts were more sporadic, but predominantly rubbly pāhoehoe and slabby pāhoehoe, as at the flow front. The lava flow advanced ENE into Jökulsá á Fjöllum on 7 SEPT and the flow front came to halt on 12 SEPT 18 km from the source vent. Subsequently, a new lobe broke out S of the first lobe and migrated eastward until it came to a halt at a slightly shorter distance from the fissure. This mode of gradual clockwise propagation of new frontal lobes continued from mid-SEPT to end-NOV. Around 15 OCT, a ~0.8 km2 lava pond developed and persists into 2015. As the activity on the southern front dwindled toward end-NOV, verti-cal stacking of insulated flows had commenced and reached the edge of northern front on 26 NOV. Prior to that the entire northern flow front had hardly advanced for two weeks. The main lava channel partly crusted over and by end-NOV a series of insulated flows were overriding the previous emplaced flows, changing transport system to include closed/insultaed pathways in addition to open channels. Resultantly, the area now covered by the flow field has undergone several topographic inversions due to stacking of lava lobes. [1] Macdonald (1967) NY Wiley, 1-61. [2] Swanson (1973) GSAB, 84, 615-626. [3] Thordarson (2000) Surtsey Res. Prog. Rep., XI, 125-142. [4] Guilbaud et al. (2005) Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Pap., 396, 81-102. [5] Keszthelyi et al. (2004) GGG, 5, Q11014.

Yields of Soviet underground nuclear explosions from seismic surface waves: Compliance with the Threshold Test Ban Treaty

PubMed Central

Sykes, Lynn R.; Cifuentes, Inés L.

1984-01-01

Magnitudes of the larger Soviet underground nuclear weapons tests from the start of the Threshold Test Ban Treaty in 1976 through 1982 are determined for short- and long-period seismic waves. Yields are calculated from the surface wave magnitude for those explosions at the eastern Kazakh test site that triggered a small-to-negligible component of tectonic stress and are used to calibrate body wave magnitude-yield relationship that can be used to determine the sizes of other explosions at that test site. The results confirm that a large bias, related to differential attenuation of P waves, exists between Nevada and Central Asia. The yields of the seven largest Soviet explosions are nearly identical and are close to 150 kilotons, the limit set by the Threshold Treaty. PMID:16593440

Measurements of millimeter wave radar transmission and backscatter during dusty infrared test 2, dirt 2

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Petito, F. C.; Wentworth, E. W.

1980-05-01

Recently there has been much interest expressed to determine the ability of millimeter wave radar to perform target acquisition during degraded visibility conditions. In this regard, one of the primary issues of concern has been the potential of high-explosive artillery barrages to obscure the battlefield from millimeter wave radar systems. To address this issue 95 GHz millimeter wave radar measurements were conducted during the Dusty Infrared Test 2 (DIRT 2). This test was held at White Sands Missile Range, NM, 18-28 July 1979. Millimeter wave transmission and backscatter measurements were performed during singular live firings and static detonations of 155 mm and 105 mm high-explosive artillery rounds in addition to static detonations of C-4 explosives. A brief description of the millimeter wave portion of the test and instrumentation is given. The data along with some preliminary conclusions are presented.

The Lives and Deaths of Planets and Stars in the Value-Added UV Photon Catalog

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hogg, David

The lives and deaths of planets and stars in the Value-Added UV Photon Catalog Over its lifetime, the GALEX satellite has detected nearly two trillion photons with its ultraviolet- sensitive, photon-counting detectors. This time-tagged data set remains largely unexplored time-variable science. This proposal is to extract and calibrate the full photon time stream from the GALEX raw data products and to use that time stream to make discoveries in two rapidlydeveloping areas of astrophysical research: exoplanets around hot white dwarf stars and prompt ultraviolet emission from supernovae. It is only around white dwarf stars that rocky planets in the habitable zone generate frequent eclipses at large depth and with high likelihood. Theories of planet formation and evolution, now confronted with heterogeneous exoplanet discoveries around main-sequence stars, make strong predictions about planets around white dwarf stars, establishing unique and sensitive tests for ultraviolet surveys. Almost every GALEX pointing contains a bright white dwarf in the field of view. This project would be the first ever photon-limited and ultraviolet search for exoplanet eclipses. A preliminary study by the proposers has discovered new white-dwarf--main-sequence-star eclipsing binaries (and confirmed known systems) using time-resolved GALEX images, but because a calibrated photon stream is not available, it has not been possible to reach the photon limit. This proposal is to calibrate the photon time stream and perform the first UV search for planets, moons and asteroids around white dwarfs and other blue stars. The project will produce a statistically complete sample of exoplanets around white dwarfs and a similarly complete sample of binary stars. Although any exoplanet system is interesting in its own right, the proposers will also produce a probabilistic estimate of the frequency with which stellar remnants host planets of different kinds at different radii. Supernovae models have long predicted a "shock breakout" flash or prompt emission at ignition. The first shock- breakout detection in the UV was discovered a few years ago, in GALEX data with poor time resolution. Models of the prompt emission during shock-breakout predict that a photonlimited search will detect new events in the calibrated photon time stream. Using the same data set as that produced for exoplanet discovery, these predictions will be tested. Once again, each such event is individually interesting, but another outcome is an estimate of the frequency as a function of flash and host-galaxy properties, especially fluence and redshift. This study will employ generative modeling of the photon time stream--explicit approximation of the probability of the data given the model--using the latest models for exoplanet transits and supernovae prompt flares. Essential for obtaining high purity is to compete these models with models of more mundane or alternative phenomena that are confusing, including stellar variability of various kinds and hardware artifacts. Early results indicate that candidate lists can be produced with high completeness and purity. In addition to the exoplanet and supernova deliverables, the project will produce a publicly available, curated photon time stream (coordinates and time of arrival for every GALEX photon) along with the spacecraft field-of-view and sensitivity information that make it useful. It will also produce improved spacecraft calibration information, including especially improved flat-field modeling in the focal plane, and a time- and position-dependent sky background rate estimate. The proposed scientific investigations and deliverable data products will permit new kinds of timedomain astrophysics projects (including many ex-post-facto studies), and improve dramatically the legacy value of all GALEX data

Physician's Breakout Session

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Barry, William

2001-01-01

Dr. William Barry, Manager, NASA Occupational Health Program, moderated this session. As in one of the opening sessions, he re-iterated that the overall theme for the next year will be facilitating and implementing NIAT-1 (NASA Integrated Action Team - Action 1). He presented a candidate list of topics for consideration and discussion: (1) NIAT-1; (2) Skin cancer detection and the NASA Solar Safe Program; (3) Weapons of mass destruction; (4) Quality assurance; (5) Audits; (6) Environment of care; (7) Infection control; (8) Medication management; and (9) Confidentiality of medical records.

Revolutions in Science and Technology: Future Threats to US National Security

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-04-01

34Ultrafast ytterbium-doped bulk lasers and laser amplifiers, " Applied Physics B. Vol. 69, 1999. pp. 3-17. 47 See Martin Richardson et al. page 15...breakout and surprise 53 Martin Richardson, Timothy McComb, and Vikas Sudesh, "High Power Fiber Lasers and Applications to Manufacturing," Conference...Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 49, 2010. ss1n 2008, Martin Richardson, et al. stated that the "high power fiber laser market, currently estimated to

Organic geochemistry data of Alaska

USGS Publications Warehouse

complied by Threlkeld, Charles N.; Obuch, Raymond C.; Gunther, G.L.

2000-01-01

In order to archive the results of various petroleum geochemical analyses of the Alaska resource assessment, the USGS developed an Alaskan Organic Geochemical Data Base (AOGDB) in 1978 to house the data generated from USGS and subcontracted laboratories. Prior to the AOGDB, the accumulated data resided in a flat data file entitled 'PGS' that was maintained by Petroleum Information Corporation with technical input from the USGS. The information herein is a breakout of the master flat file format into a relational data base table format (akdata).

Possible Mechanisms for Electric-Field-Free Gas Breakdown

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-06-01

pressure is greater than the shock-breakout pressure ( PSB ) at the surface of the metal. The particle size varies from 20 to 200 µm. Based on the...1.5 km/s [10-12]. The shock-breakdown pressure for tin is PSB ≈ 27.5 GPa [12]. The PSB for aluminum is not known, but the theoretical pressure at the...shock front in C-4 is PSW = 36.7 GPa, which is well over the reported PSB value for tin. These experimental results enable us to propose a

The History of MIS-Y: U.S. Strategic Interrogation During World War II

DTIC Science & Technology

2002-08-01

27Ian Dear, Escape and Evasion, (London, UK: Arms and Armour Press, 1997), 11. 28Lloyd R. Shoemaker, The Escape Factory (New York: St. Martin’s...soldiers are beginning to understand that they are the underdogs carrying the weight of the bureaucracy. 11. Building up the Nazi Gangster Ideal. In...and Evasion: Prisoner of War Breakouts and the Routes to Safety in World War Two. New York: Arms and Armour Press, 1997. DeForest, Orrin, and David

Business resiliency and stakeholder management.

PubMed

Carey, Noel; Perry, Tony

2014-01-01

The authors facilitated separate round table discussions at the City and Financial Conference in London on 29th January, 2014. The theme of these discussions was business resiliency and stakeholder management. This topic attracted the largest group of all the breakout sessions, as the issue continues to generate much interest across the business resilience community. In this paper, the authors summarise the discussions held at the event and add their own insights into the subject of who are stakeholders, and the different means and messages to communicate to them.

Contracting Officer's Technical Representatives

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Brisbin, Steve

1997-01-01

The Breakout Session is a traditional conference instrument used by the NASA Occupational Health Program (OHP) as a method to convene people with common interests. Typically these sessions provide discussion of current topics of high priority and currency and allow multiple views and opinions to be shared and evaluated by all participants. Since the Contracting Officer's Technical Representatives (COTRs) occupy the technical focus of support contract management, this particular group, attended by 20 representatives, addressed issues and topics at the forefront of operational concerns.

KSC-03pd0464

NASA Image and Video Library

2003-02-02

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- A large poster in tribute to the Columbia astronauts who were lost in the Shuttle's explosion Feb. 1, is on display in the NASA News Center at KSC. The poster was signed by young women attending the Sally Ride Science Festival at the University of Central Florida, Orlando, Fla. The Sally Ride event promotes science, math and technology as future career paths for girls. Former astronaut Sally Ride addressed the girls at the festival, while breakout sessions afforded closer interaction between Ride and festival attendees.

Proceedings from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Engineering With Nature Workshop

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-03-01

opportunities emerged. It will be essential to capture and share lessons learned as the two organizations plan and implement selected EWN projects...their top five or six opportunities and subsequently selected the two highest priorities. Each of the three breakout groups then worked together to...will ensure agency buy-in, establish local reference sites, and promote EWN principles. Site selection will include an iterative process that factors

KSC-03PD-0464

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2003-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- A large poster in tribute to the Columbia astronauts who were lost in the Shuttle's explosion Feb. 1, is on display in the NASA News Center at KSC. The poster was signed by young women attending the Sally Ride Science Festival at the University of Central Florida, Orlando, Fla. The Sally Ride event promotes science, math and technology as future career paths for girls. Former astronaut Sally Ride addressed the girls at the festival, while breakout sessions afforded closer interaction between Ride and festival attendees.

Reference Manual on Interference Seals and Connectors for Undersea Electrical Applications

DTIC Science & Technology

1976-07-01

processes. It has a standard line of metal shell connectors, the ER and EB series, which are available with braided and laced harnass work and breakouts, and...Assemblies (RM) 4-10 4.3.2 Molded Plastic Assemblies (PM) 4-11 4.3.3 Metal Shell Assemblies (MS) 4-12 4.3.4 Pressure-balanced Oil-filled Assemblies...connectors according to material composition. The classes of connectors include: Rubber Molded (RM), Plastic Molded (PM), Metal Shell (MS), Pressure-Balanced

Operational Implications of Pivots of Maneuver,

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-09-05

Offensive from the Second World War , and Douglas MacArthur’s Inchon/Pusan Breakout operations will be examined to aid in the validation of the...different services together ;n a cohesive plan. Significant technological improvenentIS eare m a de du r IrI the Fi rst Worl d War , however i t was...AD-A240 322 ) Operational Implications of Pivots of Maneuver A Monograph by Major Paul C. Jussel Armor DTICS ~FIECTE D SEP 1 21991 D School of

The Guardian: The Source for Antiterrorism Information. Volume 9, Number 1, April 2007

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-04-01

the fuel in these research reactors is generally not highly radioactive . Unlike the fuel rods in a nuclear power plant, these fuel elements would...NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND...practices and lessons learned. In addition, we will include Service and issue-specific breakout sessions that will focus on critical AT program elements

A League of Airmen: IU. S. Air Power in the Gulf War

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-01-01

the urgency of the situation in early August 1990 persuaded General Schwarzkopf to deploy combat power to the Gulf rapidly and take a calculated risk...of the early 1980s. However, the urgency of this threat was gradually attenuated as a result of the Iran-Iraq War. Alter initial Iranian successes...ta:tics during the Gulf War were, for the most part, a depar - ture from post-Word War II experience. The closest analog was the breakout from the

Microwave and Millimeter Wave Testing for the Inspection of the Space Shuttle Spray on Foam Insulations (SOFI) and the Acreage Heat Tiles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zoughi, R.; Kharkovsky, S.; Hepburn, F. L.

2005-01-01

The utility of microwave and millimeter wave nondestructive testing and evaluation (NDT&E) methods, for testing the Space Shuttle's external he1 tank spray on foam insulation (SOFI) and the acreage heat tiles has been investigated during the past two years. Millimeter wave NDE techniques are capable of producing internal images of SOFI. This paper presents the results of testing several diverse panels with embedded voids and debonds at millimeter wave frequencies. Additionally, the results of testing a set of heat tiles are also presented. Finally, the attributes of these methods as well as the advantageous features associated with these systems are also provided.

Wave Energy Prize - 1/20th Testing - AquaHarmonics

DOE Data Explorer

Scharmen, Wesley

2016-09-02

Data from the 1/20th scale testing data completed on the Wave Energy Prize for the AquaHarmonics team, including the 1/20th scale test plan, raw test data, video, photos, and data analysis results. The top level objective of the 1/20th scale device testing is to obtain the necessary measurements required for determining Average Climate Capture Width per Characteristic Capital Expenditure (ACE) and the Hydrodynamic Performance Quality (HPQ), key metrics for determining the Wave Energy Prize (WEP) winners.

Wave Energy Prize - 1/20th Testing - Waveswing America

DOE Data Explorer

Scharmen, Wesley

2016-08-19

Data from the 1/20th scale testing data completed on the Wave Energy Prize for the Waveswing America team, including the 1/20th scale test plan, raw test data, video, photos, and data analysis results. The top level objective of the 1/20th scale device testing is to obtain the necessary measurements required for determining Average Climate Capture Width per Characteristic Capital Expenditure (ACE) and the Hydrodynamic Performance Quality (HPQ), key metrics for determining the Wave Energy Prize (WEP) winners.

Wave Energy Prize - 1/20th Testing - Sea Potential

DOE Data Explorer

Scharmen, Wesley

2016-09-23

Data from the 1/20th scale testing data completed on the Wave Energy Prize for the Sea Potential team, including the 1/20th scale test plan, raw test data, video, photos, and data analysis results. The top level objective of the 1/20th scale device testing is to obtain the necessary measurements required for determining Average Climate Capture Width per Characteristic Capital Expenditure (ACE) and the Hydrodynamic Performance Quality (HPQ), key metrics for determining the Wave Energy Prize (WEP) winners.

Langmuir-like waves and radiation in planetary foreshocks

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cairns, Iver H.; Robinson, P. A.; Anderson, R. R.; Gurnett, D. A.; Kurth, W. S.

1995-01-01

The basic objectives of this NASA Grant are to develop theoretical understandings (tested with spacecraft data) of the generation and characteristics of electron plasma waves, commonly known as Langmuir-like waves, and associated radiation near f(sub p) and 2f(sub p) in planetary foreshocks. (Here f(sub p) is plasma frequency.) Related waves and radiation in the source regions of interplanetary type III solar radio bursts provide a simpler observational and theoretical context for developing and testing such understandings. Accordingly, applications to type III bursts constitute a significant fraction of the research effort. The testing of the new Stochastic Growth Theory (SGT) for type III bursts, and its extension and testing for foreshock waves and radiation, constitutes a major longterm strategic goal of the research effort.

Space-Based Gravitational-Wave Observations as Tools for Testing General Relativity

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Will, Clifford M.

2004-01-01

We continued a project, to analyse the ways in which detection and study of gravitational waves could provide quantitative tests of general relativity, with particular emphasis on waves that would be detectable by space-based observatories, such as LISA. This work had three foci: 1) Tests of scalar-tensor theories of gravity that, could be done by analyzing gravitational waves from neutron stars inspiralling into massive black holes, as detectable by LISA; 2) Study of alternative theories of gravity in which the graviton could be massive, and of how gravitational-wave observations by space-based detectors, solar-system tests, and cosmological observations could constrain such theories; and 3) Study of gravitational-radiation back reaction of particles orbiting black holes in general relativity, with emphasis on the effects of spin.

Testing General Relativity with Low-Frequency, Space-Based Gravitational-Wave Detectors.

PubMed

Gair, Jonathan R; Vallisneri, Michele; Larson, Shane L; Baker, John G

2013-01-01

We review the tests of general relativity that will become possible with space-based gravitational-wave detectors operating in the ∼ 10 -5 - 1 Hz low-frequency band. The fundamental aspects of gravitation that can be tested include the presence of additional gravitational fields other than the metric; the number and tensorial nature of gravitational-wave polarization states; the velocity of propagation of gravitational waves; the binding energy and gravitational-wave radiation of binaries, and therefore the time evolution of binary inspirals; the strength and shape of the waves emitted from binary mergers and ringdowns; the true nature of astrophysical black holes; and much more. The strength of this science alone calls for the swift implementation of a space-based detector; the remarkable richness of astrophysics, astronomy, and cosmology in the low-frequency gravitational-wave band make the case even stronger.

Development and Testing of the Rigidizable Inflatable Get-Away-Special Experiment

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-06-01

assigned three different drawing numbers: RIGEX- WAVE1-D, RIGEX- WAVE2 -D, and RIGEX-WAVE3-D. The end of wave #3 leaves 20 RIGEX with all structural...intact RIGEX- WAVE2 -P Wave 2 Assembly Complete, main structure and various subassemblies RIGEX-WAVE3-P Wave 3 Assembly Complete RIGEX-HAN2007-P Wave

Study on Correlation Between Shear Wave Velocity and Ground Properties for Ground Liquefaction Investigation of Silts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Che, Ailan; Luo, Xianqi; Qi, Jinghua; Wang, Deyong

Shear wave velocity (Vs) of soil is one of the key parameters used in assessment of liquefaction potential of saturated soils in the base with leveled ground surface; determination of shear module of soils used in seismic response analyses. Such parameter can be experimentally obtained from laboratory soil tests and field measurements. Statistical relation of shear wave velocity with soil properties based on the surface wave survey investigation, and resonant column triaxial tests, which are taken from more than 14 sites within the depth of 10 m under ground surface, is obtained in Tianjin (China) area. The relationship between shear wave velocity and the standard penetration test N value (SPT-N value) of silt and clay in the quaternary formation are summarized. It is an important problem to research the effect of shear wave velocity on liquefaction resistance of saturated silts (sandy loams) for evaluating liquefaction resistance. According the results of cyclic triaxial tests, a correlation between liquefaction resistance and shear wave velocity is presented. The results are useful for ground liquefaction investigation and the evaluation of liquefaction resistance.

Accurate Cold-Test Model of Helical TWT Slow-Wave Circuits

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kory, Carol L.; Dayton, James A., Jr.

1997-01-01

Recently, a method has been established to accurately calculate cold-test data for helical slow-wave structures using the three-dimensional electromagnetic computer code, MAFIA. Cold-test parameters have been calculated for several helical traveling-wave tube (TWT) slow-wave circuits possessing various support rod configurations, and results are presented here showing excellent agreement with experiment. The helical models include tape thickness, dielectric support shapes and material properties consistent with the actual circuits. The cold-test data from this helical model can be used as input into large-signal helical TWT interaction codes making it possible, for the first time, to design a complete TWT via computer simulation.

Numerical Modelling of Solitary Wave Experiments on Rubble Mound Breakwaters

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guler, H. G.; Arikawa, T.; Baykal, C.; Yalciner, A. C.

2016-12-01

Performance of a rubble mound breakwater protecting Haydarpasa Port, Turkey, has been tested under tsunami attack by physical model tests conducted at Port and Airport Research Institute (Guler et al, 2015). It is aimed to understand dynamic force of the tsunami by conducting solitary wave tests (Arikawa, 2015). In this study, the main objective is to perform numerical modelling of solitary wave tests in order to verify accuracy of the CFD model IHFOAM, developed in OpenFOAM environment (Higuera et al, 2013), by comparing results of the numerical computations with the experimental results. IHFOAM is the numerical modelling tool which is based on VARANS equations with a k-ω SST turbulence model including realistic wave generation, and active wave absorption. Experiments are performed using a Froude scale of 1/30, measuring surface elevation and flow velocity at several locations in the wave channel, and wave pressure around the crown wall of the breakwater. Solitary wave tests with wave heights of H=7.5 cm and H=10 cm are selected which represent the results of the experiments. The first test (H=7.5 cm) is the case that resulted in no damage whereas the second case (H=10 cm) resulted in total damage due to the sliding of the crown wall. After comparison of the preliminary results of numerical simulations with experimental data for both cases, it is observed that solitary wave experiments could be accurately modeled using IHFOAM focusing water surface elevations, flow velocities, and wave pressures on the crown wall of the breakwater (Figure, result of sim. at t=29.6 sec). ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThe authors acknowledge developers of IHFOAM, further extend their acknowledgements for the partial supports from the research projects MarDiM, ASTARTE, RAPSODI, and TUBITAK 213M534. REFERENCESArikawa (2015) "Consideration of Characteristics of Pressure on Seawall by Solitary Waves Based on Hydraulic Experiments", Jour. of Japan. Soc. of Civ. Eng. Ser. B2 (Coast. Eng.), Vol 71, p I889-I894 Guler, Arikawa, Oei, Yalciner (2015) "Performance of Rubble Mound Breakwaters under Tsunami Attack, A Case Study: Haydarpasa Port, Istanbul, Turkey", Coast. Eng. 104, 43-53 Higuera, Lara, Losada (2013) "Realistic Wave Generation and Active Wave Absorption for Navier-Stokes Models, Application to OpenFOAM", Coast. Eng. 71, 102-118

Time-domain full-waveform inversion of Rayleigh and Love waves in presence of free-surface topography

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pan, Yudi; Gao, Lingli; Bohlen, Thomas

2018-05-01

Correct estimation of near-surface seismic-wave velocity when encountering lateral heterogeneity and free surface topography is one of the challenges to current shallow seismic. We propose to use time-domain full-waveform inversion (FWI) of surface waves, including both Rayleigh and Love waves, to solve this problem. We adopt a 2D time-domain finite-difference method with an improved vacuum formulation (IVF) to simulate shallow-seismic Rayleigh wave in presence of free-surface topography. We modify the IVF for SH-wave equation for the simulation of Love wave in presence of topographic free surface and prove its accuracy by benchmark tests. Checkboard model tests are performed in both cases when free-surface topography is included or neglected in FWI. Synthetic model containing a dipping planar free surface and lateral heterogeneity was then tested, in both cases of considering and neglecting free-surface topography. Both checkerboard and synthetic models show that Rayleigh- and Love-wave FWI have similar ability of reconstructing near-surface structures when free-surface topography is considered, while Love-wave FWI could reconstruct near-surface structures better than Rayleigh-wave when free-surface topography is neglected.

Optical Production and Detection of Ultrasonic Waves in Metals for Nondestructive Testing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Morrison, R. A.

1972-01-01

Ultrasonic waves were produced by striking the surface of a metal with the focused one-joule pulse of a Q-switched ruby laser. Rayleigh (surface) waves and longitudinal waves were detected with conventional transducers. Optical methods of detection were tested and developed. Rayleigh waves were produced with an oscillator and transducer. They were optically detected on curved polished surfaces, and on unpolished surfaces. The technique uses a knife edge to detect small angle changes of the surface as the wave pulse passes the illuminated spot. Optical flaw detection using pulse echo and attenuation is demonstrated.

Assessment of decay in standing timber using stress wave timing nondestructive evaluation tools : a guide for use and interpretation

Treesearch

Xiping Wang; Ferenc Divos; Crystal Pilon; Brian K. Brashaw; Robert J. Ross; Roy F. Pellerin

2004-01-01

This guide was prepared to assist field foresters in the use of stress wave timing instruments to locate and define areas of decay in standing timber. The first three sections provide background information, the principles of stress wave nondestructive testing, and measurement techniques for stress wave nondestructive testing. The last section is a detailed description...

Comparing the Robustness of High-Frequency Traveling-Wave Tube Slow-Wave Circuits

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chevalier, Christine T.; Wilson, Jeffrey D.; Kory, Carol L.

2007-01-01

A three-dimensional electromagnetic field simulation software package was used to compute the cold-test parameters, phase velocity, on-axis interaction impedance, and attenuation, for several high-frequency traveling-wave tube slow-wave circuit geometries. This research effort determined the effects of variations in circuit dimensions on cold-test performance. The parameter variations were based on the tolerances of conventional micromachining techniques.

Wave Energy Prize - 1/50th Testing - Waveswing America

DOE Data Explorer

Wesley Scharmen

2016-01-22

This submission of data includes all the 1/50th scale testing data completed on the Wave Energy Prize for the Waveswing America team, and includes: 1/50th test data (raw & processed) 1/50th test data video and pictures 1/50th Test plans and testing documents Results

Method for Ultrasonic Imaging and Device for Performing the Method

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Madaras, Eric I. (Inventor)

1997-01-01

A method for ultrasonic imaging of interior structures and flaws in a test specimen with a smooth or irregular contact surfaces, in which an ultrasonic transducer is coupled acoustically to the contact surface via a plurality of ultrasonic wave guides with equal delay times. The wave guides are thin and bendable, so they adapt to variations in the distance between the transducer and different parts of the contact surface by bending more or less. All parts of the irregular contact surface accordingly receive sound waves that are in phase, even when the contact surface is irregular, so a coherent sound wave is infused in the test specimen. The wave guides can be arranged in the form of an ultrasonic brush, with a flat head for coupling to a flat transducer, and free bristles that can be pressed against the test specimen. By bevelling the bristle ends at a suitable angle, shear mode waves can be infused into the test specimen from a longitudinal mode transducer.

Gravitational-Wave Tests of General Relativity with Ground-Based Detectors and Pulsar-Timing Arrays.

PubMed

Yunes, Nicolás; Siemens, Xavier

2013-01-01

This review is focused on tests of Einstein's theory of general relativity with gravitational waves that are detectable by ground-based interferometers and pulsar-timing experiments. Einstein's theory has been greatly constrained in the quasi-linear, quasi-stationary regime, where gravity is weak and velocities are small. Gravitational waves will allow us to probe a complimentary, yet previously unexplored regime: the non-linear and dynamical strong-field regime . Such a regime is, for example, applicable to compact binaries coalescing, where characteristic velocities can reach fifty percent the speed of light and gravitational fields are large and dynamical. This review begins with the theoretical basis and the predicted gravitational-wave observables of modified gravity theories. The review continues with a brief description of the detectors, including both gravitational-wave interferometers and pulsar-timing arrays, leading to a discussion of the data analysis formalism that is applicable for such tests. The review ends with a discussion of gravitational-wave tests for compact binary systems.

On the Piezoelectric Detection of Guided Ultrasonic Waves

PubMed Central

2017-01-01

In order to quantify the wave motion of guided ultrasonic waves, the characteristics of piezoelectric detectors, or ultrasonic transducers and acoustic emission sensors, have been evaluated systematically. Such guided waves are widely used in structural health monitoring and nondestructive evaluation, but methods of calibrating piezoelectric detectors have been inadequate. This study relied on laser interferometry for the base displacement measurement of bar waves, from which eight different guided wave test set-ups are developed with known wave motion using piezoelectric transmitters. Both plates and bars of 12.7 and 6.4 mm thickness were used as wave propagation media. The upper frequency limit was 2 MHz. Output of guided wave detectors were obtained on the test set-ups and their receiving sensitivities were characterized and averaged. While each sensitivity spectrum was noisy for a detector, the averaged spectrum showed a good convergence to a unique receiving sensitivity. Twelve detectors were evaluated and their sensitivity spectra determined in absolute units. Generally, these showed rapidly dropping sensitivity with increasing frequency due to waveform cancellation on their sensing areas. This effect contributed to vastly different sensitivities to guided wave and to normally incident wave for each one of the 12 detectors tested. Various other effects are discussed and recommendations on methods of implementing the approach developed are provided. PMID:29156579

A Universal Model for Solar Eruptions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wyper, Peter F.; Antiochos, Spiro K.; Devore, C. Richard

2017-01-01

Magnetically driven eruptions on the Sun, from stellar-scale coronal mass ejections1 to small-scale coronal X-ray and extreme-ultraviolet jets, have frequently been observed to involve the ejection of the highly stressed magnetic flux of a filament. Theoretically, these two phenomena have been thought to arise through very different mechanisms: coronal mass ejections from an ideal (non-dissipative) process, whereby the energy release does not require a change in the magnetic topology, as in the kink or torus instability; and coronal jets from a resistive process, involving magnetic reconnection. However, it was recently concluded from new observations that all coronal jets are driven by filament ejection, just like large mass ejections. This suggests that the two phenomena have physically identical origin and hence that a single mechanism may be responsible, that is, either mass ejections arise from reconnection, or jets arise from an ideal instability. Here we report simulations of a coronal jet driven by filament ejection, whereby a region of highly sheared magnetic field near the solar surface becomes unstable and erupts. The results show that magnetic reconnection causes the energy release via 'magnetic breakout', a positive feedback mechanism between filament ejection and reconnection. We conclude that if coronal mass ejections and jets are indeed of physically identical origin (although on different spatial scales) then magnetic reconnection (rather than an ideal process) must also underlie mass ejections, and that magnetic breakout is a universal model for solar eruptions.

Dynamic Changes of QRS Morphology of Premature Ventricular Contractions During Ablation in the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract: A Case Report.

PubMed

Yue-Chun, Li; Jia-Feng, Lin; Jia-Xuan, Lin

2015-10-01

Electrocardiographic characteristics can be useful in differentiating between right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) and aortic sinus cusp (ASC) ventricular arrhythmias. Ventricular arrhythmias originating from ASC, however, show preferential conduction to RVOT that may render the algorithms of electrocardiographic characteristics less reliable. Even though there are few reports describing ventricular arrhythmias with ASC origins and endocardial breakout sites of RVOT, progressive dynamic changes in QRS morphology of the ventricular arrhythmias during ablation obtained were rare.This case report describes a patient with symptomatic premature ventricular contractions of left ASC origin presenting an electrocardiogram (ECG) characteristic of right ventricular outflow tract before ablation. Pacing at right ventricular outflow tract reproduced an excellent pace map. When radiofrequency catheter ablation was applied to the right ventricular outflow tract, the QRS morphology of premature ventricular contractions progressively changed from ECG characteristics of right ventricular outflow tract origin to ECG characteristics of left ASC origin.Successful radiofrequency catheter ablation was achieved at the site of the earliest ventricular activation in the left ASC. The distance between the successful ablation site of the left ASC and the site with an excellent pace map of the RVOT was 20 mm.The ndings could be strong evidence for a preferential conduction via the myocardial bers from the ASC origin to the breakout site in the right ventricular outflow tract. This case demonstrates that ventricular arrhythmias with a single origin and exit shift may exhibit QRS morphology changes.

A Self-Replication Model for Long Channelized Lava Flows on the Mars Plains

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Baloga, S. M.; Glaze, L. S.

2008-01-01

A model is presented for channelized lava flows emplaced by a self-replicating, levee-building process over long distances on the plains of Mars. Such flows may exhibit morphologic evidence of stagnation, overspills, and upstream breakouts. However, these processes do not inhibit the formation and persistence of a prominent central channel that can often be traced for more than 100 km. The two central assumptions of the self-replication model are (1) the flow advances at the average upstream velocity of the molten core and (2) the fraction of the lava that travels faster than the average upstream velocity forms stationary margins in the advancing distal zone to preserve the self-replication process. For an exemplary 300 km long flow north of Pavonis Mons, the model indicates that 8 m of crust must have formed during emplacement, as determined from the channel and levee dimensions. When combined with independent thermal dynamic estimates for the crustal growth rate, relatively narrow constraints are obtained for the flow rate (2250 m3 s 1), emplacement duration (600 d), and the lava viscosity of the molten interior (106 Pa s). Minor, transient overspills and breakouts increase the emplacement time by only a factor of 2. The primary difference between the prodigious channelized Martian flows and their smaller terrestrial counterparts is that high volumetric flow rates must have persisted for many hundreds of days on Mars, in contrast to a few hours or days on Earth.

Test particle simulation study of whistler wave packets observed near Comet Giacobini-Zinner

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kaya, N.; Matsumoto, H.; Tsurutani, B. T.

1989-01-01

Nonlinear interactions of water group ions with large-amplitude whistler wave packets detected at the leading edge of steepened magnetosonic waves observed near Comet Giacobini-Zinner (GZ) are studied using test particle simulations of water-ion interactions with a model wave based on GZ data. Some of the water ions are found to be decelerated in the steepened portion of the magnetosonic wave to the resonance velocity with the whistler wave packets. Through resonance and related nonlinear interaction with the large-amplitude whistler waves, the water ions become trapped by the packet. An energy balance calculation demonstrates that the trapped ions lose their kinetic energy during the trapped motion in the packet. Thus, the nonlinear trapping motion in the wave structure leads to effective energy transfer from the water group ions to the whistler wave packets in the leading edge of the steepened MHD waves.

A high spatial resolution X-ray and Hα study of hot gas in the halos of star-forming disk galaxies -- testing feedback models

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Strickland, D. K.; Heckman, T. M.; Colbert, E. J. M.; Hoopes, C. G.; Weaver, K. A.

2002-12-01

We present arcsecond resolution Chandra X-ray and ground-based optical Hα imaging of a sample of ten edge-on star-forming disk galaxies (seven starburst and three ``normal'' spiral galaxies), a sample which covers the full range of star-formation intensity found in disk galaxies. The X-ray observations make use of the unprecented spatial resolution of the Chandra X-ray observatory to robustly remove X-ray emission from point sources, and hence obtain the X-ray properties of the diffuse thermal emission alone. This data has been combined with existing, comparable-resolution, ground-based Hα imaging. We compare these empirically-derived diffuse X-ray properties with various models for the generation of hot gas in the halos of star-forming galaxies: supernova feedback-based models (starburst-driven winds, galactic fountains), cosmologically-motivated accretion of the IGM and AGN-driven winds. SN feedback models best explain the observed diffuse X-ray emission. We then use the data to test basic, but fundamental, aspects of wind and fountain theories, e.g. the critical energy required for disk "break-out." DKS is supported by NASA through Chandra Postdoctoral Fellowship Award Number PF0-10012.

Analysis of Saccular Function With Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential Test in Meniere's Disease.

PubMed

Dabiri, Sasan; Yazdani, Nasrin; Esfahani, Mahdis; Tari, Niloufar; Adil, Susan; Mahvi, Zahra; Rezazadeh, Nima

2017-02-01

Meniere's disease is the disorder of inner ear characterized by vertigo, tinnitus and sensorineural hearing loss. The vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) test could be useful in the analysis of saccular function, and diagnosis of Meniere's disease. In this study, we've analyzed the saccular function, using VEMP test in different groups of Meniere's disease. Patients were categorized as possible, probable or definite Meniere's disease groups according to the guideline of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. The exclusion criteria were neuromuscular system diseases, diseases of central nervous system, inner ear disorders, conductive hearing loss, a history of ototoxic drug consumption, being a drug abuser and a positive history of inner ear surgery or manipulations. The VEMP test is the recording of positive and negative waves from sternocleidomastoid muscle that is made by an auditory click to the ear. From the total of 100 patients, the waves of VEMP test was seen in 59 patients which 19 patients had abnormal amplitude, and latency and 40 patients were with normally recorded waves. There was a significant relationship between the severity of hearing loss and a VEMP test without any recorded waves. Most of the cases with 'no wave recorded' VEMP test, were patients with severe hearing loss. However, there wasn't any relation between the pattern of hearing loss and 'no wave recorded' VEMP test. VEMP test could be a valuable diagnostic clue especially in patients with definite Meniere's disease.

Wave Energy Prize - 1/50th Testing - Iowec

DOE Data Explorer

Wesley Scharmen

2015-12-18

This submission of data includes all the 1/50th scale testing data completed on the Wave Energy Prize for the Iowec team, and includes: 1/50th test data (raw & processed) 1/50th test data video and pictures 1/50th Test plans and testing documents SSTF_Submission (summarized results)

Wave Energy Prize - 1/50th Testing - Oscilla Power

DOE Data Explorer

Wesley Scharmen

2016-01-08

This submission of data includes all the 1/50th scale testing data completed on the Wave Energy Prize for the Oscilla Power team, and includes: 1/50th test data (raw & processed) 1/50th test data video and pictures 1/50th Test plans and testing documents SSTF_Submission (summarized results)

Wave Energy Prize - 1/50th Testing - SEWEC

DOE Data Explorer

Wesley Scharmen

2015-12-11

This submission of data includes all the 1/50th scale testing data completed on the Wave Energy Prize for the SEWEC team, and includes: 1/50th test data (raw & processed) 1/50th test data video and pictures 1/50th Test plans and testing documents SSTF_Submission (summarized results)

Wave Energy Prize - 1/50th Testing - Principle Power

DOE Data Explorer

Wesley Scharmen

2016-01-08

This submission of data includes all the 1/50th scale testing data completed on the Wave Energy Prize for the Principle Power team, and includes: 1/50th test data (raw & processed) 1/50th test data video and pictures 1/50th Test plans and testing documents SSTF_Submission (summarized results)

Wave Energy Prize - 1/50th Testing - WECCA

DOE Data Explorer

Wesley Scharmen

2016-01-15

This submission of data includes all the 1/50th scale testing data completed on the Wave Energy Prize for the WECCA team, and includes: 1/50th test data (raw & processed) 1/50th test data video and pictures 1/50th Test plans and testing documents SSTF_Submission (summarized results)

Wave Energy Prize - 1/50th Testing - Team Flapper/Harvest

DOE Data Explorer

Wesley Scharmen

2015-12-18

This submission of data includes all the 1/50th scale testing data completed on the Wave Energy Prize for the Team Flapper/Harvest, and includes: 1/50th test data (raw & processed) 1/50th test data video and pictures 1/50th Test plans and testing documents SSTF_Submission (summarized results)

Wave Energy Prize - 1/50th Testing - Sea Potential

DOE Data Explorer

Wesley Scharmen

2015-12-04

This submission of data includes all the 1/50th scale testing data completed on the Wave Energy Prize for the Sea Potential team, and includes: 1/50th test data (raw & processed) 1/50th test data video and pictures 1/50th Test plans and testing documents SSTF_Submission (summarized results)

Wave Energy Prize - 1/50th Testing - Mocean Energy

DOE Data Explorer

Wesley Scharmen

2016-01-08

This submission of data includes all the 1/50th scale testing data completed on the Wave Energy Prize for the Mocean Energy team, and includes: 1/50th test data (raw & processed) 1/50th test data video and pictures 1/50th Test plans and testing documents SSTF_Submission (summarized results)

Wave Energy Prize - 1/50th Testing - AquaHarmonics

DOE Data Explorer

Wesley Scharmen

2016-01-15

This submission of data includes all the 1/50th scale testing data completed on the Wave Energy Prize for the AquaHarmonics team, and includes: 1/50th test data (raw & processed) 1/50th test data video and pictures 1/50th Test plans and testing documents SSTF_Submission (summarized results)