Species hybridization in the genus Pinus

Treesearch

Peter W. Garrett

1979-01-01

Results of a breeding program in which a large number of pine species were tested indicate that a number of species and hybrids may be useful in the northeastern United States. Austrian black pine x Japanese black pine and hybrids containing Japanese red pine all had good growth rates. While none of the soft pines grew faster than eastern white pine, a number of...

AmeriFlux US-Wi4 Mature red pine (MRP)

DOE Data Explorer

Chen, Jiquan [Michigan State University

2016-01-01

This is the AmeriFlux version of the carbon flux data for the site US-Wi4 Mature red pine (MRP). Site Description - The Wisconsin Mature Red Pine site is located in the Washburn Ranger District of the northeastern section of Chequamegon National Forest. A member of the northern coniferous-deciduous biome, surveys from the mid-19th century indicate the region consisted of a mixed stand of red, white, and jack pines. After extensive timber harvesting, wildfires, and farming activity, the region turned into a fragmented mosaic of stands of various ages and composition. As an assemblage, the ten Wisconsin sites are indicative of the successional stages of development in the predominant stand types of a physically homogeneous landscape. Thinned every 7 years until they reach 100 to 150 years of age, the red pine plantations of all ages occupy approximately 25% of the region.

AmeriFlux US-Wi0 Young red pine (YRP)

DOE Data Explorer

Chen, Jiquan [Michigan State University

2016-01-01

This is the AmeriFlux version of the carbon flux data for the site US-Wi0 Young red pine (YRP). Site Description - The Wisconsin Young Red Pine site is located in the Washburn Ranger District of the northeastern section of Chequamegon National Forest. A member of the northern coniferous-deciduous biome, surveys from the mid-19th century indicate the region consisted of a mixed stand of red, white, and jack pines. After extensive timber harvesting, wildfires, and farming activity, the region turned into a fragmented mosaic of stands of various ages and composition. As an assemblage, the ten Wisconsin sites are indicative of the successional stages of development in the predominant stand types of a physically homogeneous landscape. Thinned every 7 years until they reach 100 to 150 years of age, the red pine plantations of all ages occupy approximately 25% of the region.

Percent crown cover tables for applying the shelterwood system in New England

Treesearch

W. B. Leak; C. H. Tubbs

1983-01-01

Provides tables for estimating residual percent crown cover, using a 10-factor prism, of three species groups: (1) sugar and red maples, yellow and paper birches; (2) white ash, white pine, red spruce, balsam fir, and hemlock; and (3) beech.

Potential for long-term seed storage for ex situ genetic conservation of high elevation white pine species – whitebark pine and foxtail pine case study

Treesearch

R.A. Sniezko; A.J. Kegley

2017-01-01

Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) and foxtail pine (P. balfouriana) are conifers native to western North America. Due to several threats, including a non-native pathogen (Cronartium ribicola) and a changing climate, whitebark pine and foxtail pine are classified on the IUCN Red List as ‘endangered’ and ‘...

Tomicus piniperda (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) reproduction and development in Scots, jack, red and eastern white pine under laboratory conditions

Treesearch

Hui Ye; Robert A. Haack; Toby R. Petrice

2005-01-01

The pine shoot beetle, Tomicus piniperda (L.) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), is an exotic bark beetle in North America that was first found in the Great Lakes region in 1992. We evaluated T. piniperda reproduction and development in one Eurasian pine (Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris L.) and three North American...

Biological growth functions describe published site index curves for Lake States timber species.

Treesearch

Allen L. Lundgren; William A. Dolid

1970-01-01

Two biological growth functions, an exponential-monomolecular function and a simple monomolecular function, have been fit to published site index curves for 11 Lake States tree species: red, jack, and white pine, balsam fir, white and black spruce, tamarack, white-cedar, aspen, red oak, and paper birch. Both functions closely fit all published curves except those for...

Explanation of pole blight from responses of seedlings grown in modified environments

Treesearch

Charles D. Leaphart; Ed F. Wicker

1966-01-01

Seedlings of Douglas fir, grand fir, western larch, western red cedar, and western white pine were grown in modified environments for four growing seasons to see whether characteristic growth responses of roots and shoots might suggest a cause for pole blight of white pine. Environments included three soil profiles (topsoil, hardpan, and rock) and two moisture regimes...

Natural regeneration of whitebark pine: Factors affecting seedling density

Treesearch

S. Goeking; D. Izlar

2014-01-01

Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) is an ecologically important species in high-altitude areas of the western United States and Canada due to the habitat and food source it provides for Clark’s nutcrackers, red squirrels, grizzly bears, and other animals. Whitebark pine stands have recently experienced high mortality due to wildfire, white pine blister rust, and a...

Resistance of 22 southern hardwoods to wood-decay fungi and subterranean termites

Treesearch

F.Y. Carter; T.L. Amburgey; F.G. Manwiller

1976-01-01

Of 22 hardwood species growing on southern pine sites, blackjack, white, and post oaks proved most resistant to attack by the brown-rot fungus, Lenzites trabea. The amount of decay ranged from 8 percent for blackjack and white oak to 67 percent for red maple. Winged elm, yellow-poplar, and post, black, white, and southern red oaks were the most...

Soil Properties Related to Coniferous Seedling Height Growth in Northern Wisconsin

Treesearch

John J. Rawinski; James A. Bowles; Nonan V. Noste

1980-01-01

Soil properties (organic matter content, pH, texture, and microclimate) were related to early height growth of jack pine (Pinus banksiana, Lamb.), red pine (Pinus resinosa, Ait.), white spruce (Picea glauca, (Moench) Voss), and hybrid larch (Larix leptolepis x Larizx decidua) planted in northern Wisconsin. Based on 2-year height growth, jack pine and hybrid larch...

Direct seeding in northern forest types

Treesearch

Ralph H. Griffin

1977-01-01

Two direct-seeding experiments were established to determine the effect of time of seeding (spring 1962 versus fall 1962), type of seedbed (prepared versus unprepared), and species (red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) versus white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss)) upon the success attained in the reforestation of a pine-barren site...

Site Investigation Report Fort Devens Groups 3,5, and 6. Volume 1 of 2: Report Text

DTIC Science & Technology

1996-01-01

and slippery , and samplers were belayed by rope and harness to prevent accidents. Location ABB Environmental Services, Inc. GRP356.SI 6917.07 0 01/19...red maple (Acer rubrum), American elm (Ulmus americana), and white pine (Pinus strobus). Other trees observed include pitch pine (Pinus rigida

Confined Disposal Facility and Maintenance Dredging of the Les Cheneaux Island Federal Navigation Channels, Michigan.

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-01-01

Methylation of mercury at levels > 1 mg/kg has been documented (1,2). Methyl mercury is directly available for bioaccumulation in the food chain. Elevated...White Pine, Pinus strobus L. Red Pine, Pinus resinosa Ait. Sugar Maple, Acer saccharum Marsh Yellow Birch, Betula alleghaniensis Britton Basswood

Suitability of pines and other conifers as hosts for the invasive Mediterranean pine engraver (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in North America.

PubMed

Lee, Jana C; Flint, Mary Louise; Seybold, Steven J

2008-06-01

The invasive Mediterranean pine engraver, Orthotomicus erosus (Wollaston) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), was detected in North America in 2004, and it is currently distributed in the southern Central Valley of California. It originates from the Mediterranean region, the Middle East, and Asia, and it reproduces on pines (Pinus spp.). To identify potentially vulnerable native and adventive hosts in North America, no-choice host range tests were conducted in the laboratory on 22 conifer species. The beetle reproduced on four pines from its native Eurasian range--Aleppo, Canary Island, Italian stone, and Scots pines; 11 native North American pines--eastern white, grey, jack, Jeffrey, loblolly, Monterey, ponderosa, red, Sierra lodgepole, singleleaf pinyon, and sugar pines; and four native nonpines--Douglas-fir, black and white spruce, and tamarack. Among nonpines, fewer progeny developed and they were of smaller size on Douglas-fir and tamarack, but sex ratios of progeny were nearly 1:1 on all hosts. Last, beetles did not develop on white fir, incense cedar, and coast redwood. With loblolly pine, the first new adults emerged 42 d after parental females were introduced into host logs at temperatures of 20-33 degrees C and 523.5 or 334.7 accumulated degree-days based on lower development thresholds of 13.6 or 18 degrees C, respectively.

Atlantic white-cedar being eliminated by excessive animal damage in south Jersey

Treesearch

S. Little; H. A. Somes

1965-01-01

Atlantic white-cedar, which grows in the swamps of the New Jersey Pine Region, is a prized timber species. Most areas now growing white-cedar have been clearcut 4 or 5 times since 1700. In contrast, the associated swamp hardwoods-red maple, blackgum, and sweetbay-rarely produce wood that is valuable enough to harvest.

Understory Density Characteristics in Several Midlatitude Temperature Forests

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-03-01

Vaccinium corymbosum ), black gum (Nyssa sylvatica), white oak (Q. alba), mockemut hickory (Carya tomentosa), American beech (Fagus grandifolia), and...Cedar Juniperis virginiana Red Juniper U Fraser Magnolia Magnolia fraseri Umbrella-tree U Highbush Blueberry Vaccinium corymbosum Unkn. U Loblolly Pine...plants and shrubs include ferns (many species), lowbush blueberry ( Vaccinium augustifolium), southern running-pine (Lycopodium digitatum), poison ivy

Behavior and sensitivity of an optimal tree diameter growth model under data uncertainty

Treesearch

Don C. Bragg

2005-01-01

Using loblolly pine, shortleaf pine, white oak, and northern red oak as examples, this paper considers the behavior of potential relative increment (PRI) models of optimal tree diameter growth under data uncertainity. Recommendations on intial sample size and the PRI iteractive curve fitting process are provided. Combining different state inventories prior to PRI model...

Hazardous fuels management in mixed red pine and eastern white pine forest in the northern Lake States: A synthesis of knowledge

Treesearch

Eric Toman; David M. Hix; P. Charles Goebel; Stanley D. Gehrt; Robyn S. Wilson; Jennifer A. Sherry; Alexander Silvis; Priscilla Nyamai; Roger A. Williams; Sarah McCaffrey

2014-01-01

Fuels reduction decisions are made within a larger context of resource management characterized by multiple objectives including ecosystem restoration, wildlife management, commodity production (from timber to nontraditional forest products), and provision of recreation opportunities and amenity values. Implementation of fuels treatments is strongly influenced by their...

Response of cone and twig beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) and a predator (Coleoptera: Cleridae) to pityol, conophthorin, and verbenone

Treesearch

Peter De Groot; Gary L. DeBarr

2000-01-01

Field studies were conducted in the United States and Canada to determine the response of the white pine cone beetle, Conophthorus coniperda (Schwarz), and the red pine cone beetle, Conophthorus resinosae Hopkins, to two potential inhibitors, conophthorin and verbenone, of pheromone communication. Trap catches of male C....

Delayed conifer tree mortality following fire in California

Treesearch

Sharon M. Hood; Sheri L. Smith; Daniel R. Cluck

2007-01-01

Fire injury was characterized and survival monitored for 5,246 trees from five wildfires in California that occurred between 1999 and 2002. Logistic regression models for predicting the probability of mortality were developed for incense-cedar, Jeffrey pine, ponderosa pine, red fir and white fir. Two-year post-fire preliminary models were developed for incense-cedar,...

The Germination of Several Tree Species in Plastic Greenhouses

Treesearch

Howard M. Phipps

1969-01-01

The technique of growing tree seedlings in plastic greenhouses is being evaluated for red pine, jack pine, white spruce, and yellow birch at the Chittenden Nursery in northern Lower Michigan. Both a long growing season and a normal-length growing season in plastic greenhouses were compared with standard outdoor nursery beds (control). First-year results showed that...

76 FR 70899 - Suspension of Community Eligibility

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-16

...: Indianola, City of, Red 310382 October 20, 1975, ......do Do. Willow County. Emerg; November 16, 1990, Reg; November 16, 2011, Susp Red Willow County, 310469 June 18, 1984, ......do Do. Unincorporated Areas. Emerg.... County. Emerg; May 9, 1997, Reg; November 16, 2011, Susp Region IX Nevada: Ely, City of, White Pine...

Diplodia Tip Blight and Canker of Pines (Pest Alert)

Treesearch

USDA Forest Service

The fungus Diplodia pinea can cause serious damage to Austrian, ponderosa, red, Scots, mugo, jack, and white pine. Although it is considered a weak pathogen, it may successfully attack and kill trees. It may be more serious on trees growing out of their natural range or stressed by adverse climatic conditions or air pollution. Infection can occur as a result of hail...

Ten-year performance of treated northeastern softwoods in aboveground and ground-contact exposures

Treesearch

Douglas M. Crawford; Rodney C. De Groot; Lee R. Gjovik

The commercial value of several softwood species of the northeastern United States could be increased if these woods could be treated to meet existing American Wood Preserversa Association (AWPA) Standards and used in durable structures. We evaluated the long-term durability of incised and unincised white pine, red pine, eastern spruce, balsam fir, and eastern hemlock...

Effect of site treatments on soil temperature and moisture and oak and pine growth and nutrient concentrations

Treesearch

Felix, Jr. Ponder

2003-01-01

Five years after planting, measurements of soil moisture and temperature, leaf nutrient concentrations and growth, were compared for plots of northern red oak, white oak, and shortleaf pine for treatment combinations that included two levels each of harvesting intensity (organic matter removal), site disturbance (soil compaction), and weed control (control of the...

Effect of plantation establishment on soil and soil water in southwestern Wisconsin.

Treesearch

Richard S. Sartz

1976-01-01

Changes in litter weight, soil bulk density, soil nitrogen and organic carbon contents, soil water depletion, and snowpack accumulation were evaluated over 14 years of plantation growth on three different sites. The species studied were white and red pines, white spruce, and European larch, along with unplanted controls.

Toxicity of pyrolysis gases from wood

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hilado, C. J.; Huttlinger, N. V.; Oneill, B. A.; Kourtides, D. A.; Parker, J. A.

1977-01-01

The toxicity of the pyrolysis gases from nine wood samples was investigated. The samples of hardwoods were aspen poplar, beech, yellow birch, and red oak. The samples of softwoods were western red cedar, Douglas fir, western hemlock, eastern white pine, and southern yellow pine. There was no significant difference between the wood samples under rising temperature conditions, which are intended to simulate a developing fire, or under fixed temperature conditions, which are intended to simulate a fully developed fire. This test method is used to determine whether a material is significantly more toxic than wood under the preflashover conditions of a developing fire.

Vegetation of forested uplands in the Massabesic Experimental Forest

Treesearch

Alison C. Dibble; Catherine A. Rees; Paul E. Sendak; John C. Brissette

2004-01-01

A summary of an inventory of vascular plants in the 3,700-acre Massabesic Experimental Forest in York County, Maine. We identified about 500 species and subspecies. The most common overstory trees were eastern white pine, eastern hemlock, northern red oak, and red maple. Hemlock was the most abundant tree seedling. Shrub density was greatest for beaked hazlenut,...

Forest Health Monitoring in Maine, 1996-1999.

Treesearch

Northeastern Research Station

2002-01-01

Maine has mixed-age forests dominated by softwood species. Most of the trees are healthy, with full crowns (low transparency, high density), little dieback and little damage. Red maple had higher amounts of dieback but seemed to maintain crown fullness. Eastern white pine and northern white cedar had lower densities as well as higher rates of damage.

Maine's forests 2008

Treesearch

George L. McCaskill; William H. McWilliams; Charles J. Barnett; Brett J. Butler; Mark A. Hatfield; Cassandra M. Kurtz; Randall S. Morin; W. Keith Moser; Charles H. Perry; Christopher W. Woodall

2011-01-01

The second annual inventory of Maine's forests was completed in 2008 after more than 3,160 forested plots were measured. Forest land occupies almost 17.7 million acres, which represents 82 percent of the total land area of Maine. The dominant forest-type groups are maple/beech/yellow birch, spruce/fir, white/red/jack pine, and aspen/white birch. Statewide volume...

Effectiveness of electric deer fences to protect planted seedlings in Pennsylvania

Treesearch

D.W. George; T.W. Bowersox; L.H. McCormick

1991-01-01

Electric fences are used in Pennsylvania following a timber harvest to reduce deer browse on natural regeneration. In 1984, five-strand electric deer fences were constructed around two central Pennsylvania clearcuts. Northern red oak, white ash, white pine, and yellow-poplar seedlings were planted inside each fenced clearcut area in 1984 and 1985. One-half of the 1280...

Grass or fern competition reduce growth and survival of planted tree seedlings

Treesearch

Larry H. McCormick; Todd W. Bowersox

1997-01-01

Bareroot seedlings of northern red oak, white ash, yellow-poplar and white pine were planted into herbaceous communities at three forested sites in central Pennsylvania that were clearcut 0 to 1 year earlier. Seedlings were grown 4 years in the presence and absence of either an established grass or hay-scented fern community. Survival and height growth were measured...

New Introduction: The Red-haired Bark Beetle, Hylurgus ligniperda Fabricius (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), NA-PR-03-02

Treesearch

US Forest service, Northeastern Area, State & Private Forestry

2002-01-01

Discovery: An overwintering colony of adult Red-haired Bark Beetles (Hylurgus ligniperda Fabricius) was discovered in November 2000 near Rochester, New York. These European beetles were found during an evaluation of white pine root decline in a Christmas tree plantation. Hylurgus ligniperda was intercepted 169 times at ports of entry in the United States between 1985...

Impact of Market-Based Disturbance on the Composition of West Virginia's Forest Resource

Treesearch

William G. Luppold; John E. Baumgras; John E. Baumgras

2000-01-01

The eastern hardwood resource has been shaped by a combination of human and natural disturbances. This impact on the forest resources of West Virginia has been especially dramatic. This resource has changed from a virgin forest dominated white oak, chestnut, spruce, white pine, and hemlock in the late 19th century, to one dominated by red oak in the 1950's, to...

Summary of green weights and volumes for five tree species in Michigan.

Treesearch

Sharon A. Winsauer; Helmuth M. Steinhilb

1980-01-01

Presents and summarizes the green weights and volumes of trees, boles and residue for sugar maple, white spruce, aspen, balsam fir and red pine in Northern Michigan. Equations, tables and graphs are included for each of the five species.

AmeriFlux US-Wi6 Pine barrens #1 (PB1)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chen, Jiquan

This is the AmeriFlux version of the carbon flux data for the site US-Wi6 Pine barrens #1 (PB1). Site Description - The Wisconsin Pine Barrens site is located in the Washburn Ranger District of the northeastern section of Chequamegon National Forest. A member of the northern coniferous-deciduous biome, surveys from the mid-19th century indicate the region consisted of a mixed stand of red, white, and jack pines. After extensive timber harvesting, wildfires, and farming activity, the region turned into a fragmented mosaic of stands of various ages and composition. As an assemblage, the ten Wisconsin sites are indicative of themore » successional stages of development in the predominant stand types of a physically homogeneous landscape. In order to establish and maintain both natural and plantation jack pine stands, pine barrens undergo prescribed burns and harvesting rotations. Pine Barrens occupy 17% of the region in 2001.« less

Effect of artificial ageing using different wood chips on the antioxidant activity, resveratrol and catechin concentration, sensory properties and colour of two Greek red wines.

PubMed

Gortzi, Olga; Metaxa, Xenia; Mantanis, George; Lalas, Stavros

2013-12-01

Two Greek red wines (Syrah and Cabernet) were artificially aged with different wood chips (white oak, red oak, Turkey oak, chestnut, Bosnian pine, cherry, common juniper, common walnut, white mulberry, black locust and apricot). The influence of each wood species was tested for up to 20 days. The optimum duration for the extraction of total polyphenols was 20 days (Syrah) or 10 days (Cabernet) when chips of white oak, chestnut, cherry, white mulberry, black locust and apricot where used. Resveratrol and catechin concentrations ranged within the limits previously reported in literature. A high antioxidant activity was established after 10 days of artificial ageing. The sensory evaluation showed that the best results were produced by the apricot chips after 5 days (Syrah) or black locust and apricot after 5 days (Cabernet). Colour was seen to increase with both time of ageing and number of wood chips added. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

AmeriFlux US-Wi9 Young Jack pine (YJP)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chen, Jiquan

This is the AmeriFlux version of the carbon flux data for the site US-Wi9 Young Jack pine (YJP). Site Description - The Wisconsin Young Jack Pine site is located in the Washburn Ranger District of the northeastern section of Chequamegon National Forest. A member of the northern coniferous-deciduous biome, surveys from the mid-19th century indicate the region consisted of a mixed stand of red, white, and jack pines. After extensive timber harvesting, wildfires, and farming activity, the region turned into a fragmented mosaic of stands of various ages and composition. As an assemblage, the ten Wisconsin sites are indicative ofmore » the successional stages of development in the predominant stand types of a physically homogeneous landscape. Clearcut on 40 to 70 year intervals, jack pine stands occupy approximately 13% of the region.« less

Red Pine in the Northern Lake States

Treesearch

Thomas L. Schmidt

2003-01-01

Red pine is an important tree species for the Northern Lake States. About 4 percent of the total area of timberland is dominated by red pine but most other forest types also have red pine as a component. The red pine forest type in the region has dramatically increased in area since the 1930s. Stand-size class distribution of the red pine forest type has changed over...

Restoring southern Ontario forests by managing succession in conifer plantations

Treesearch

William C. Parker; Ken A. Elliott; Daniel C. Dey; Eric Boysen

2008-01-01

Thinning and underplanting of conifer plantations to promote natural succession in southern Ontario's forests for restoration purposes was examined in a young red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) plantation. Eleven years after application of five thinning treatments, seedling diameter, height, and stem volume of planted white ash (Fraxinus...

Diversity and decay ability of basidiomycetes isolated from lodgepole pines killed by the mountain pine beetle.

PubMed

Son, E; Kim, J-J; Lim, Y W; Au-Yeung, T T; Yang, C Y H; Breuil, C

2011-01-01

When lodgepole pines (Pinus contorta Douglas ex Louden var. latifolia Engelm. ex S. Watson) that are killed by the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) and its fungal associates are not harvested, fungal decay can affect wood and fibre properties. Ophiostomatoids stain sapwood but do not affect the structural properties of wood. In contrast, white or brown decay basidiomycetes degrade wood. We isolated both staining and decay fungi from 300 lodgepole pine trees killed by mountain pine beetle at green, red, and grey stages at 10 sites across British Columbia. We retained 224 basidiomycete isolates that we classified into 34 species using morphological and physiological characteristics and rDNA large subunit sequences. The number of basidiomycete species varied from 4 to 14 species per site. We assessed the ability of these fungi to degrade both pine sapwood and heartwood using the soil jar decay test. The highest wood mass losses for both sapwood and heartwood were measured for the brown rot species Fomitopsis pinicola and the white rot Metulodontia and Ganoderma species. The sap rot species Trichaptum abietinum was more damaging for sapwood than for heartwood. A number of species caused more than 50% wood mass losses after 12 weeks at room temperature, suggesting that beetle-killed trees can rapidly lose market value due to degradation of wood structural components.

White-pine weevil attack: susceptibility of western white pine in the Northeast

Treesearch

Ronald C. Wilkinson

1981-01-01

Heights were measured and white-pine weevil (Pissodes strobi (Peck)) attacks were recorded on 668 western white pines (Pinus monticola Douglas) interplanted among 109 eastern white pines (Pinus strobus L.) in a 10-year-old plantation in southern Maine. Less than 13 percent of the western white pines were...

Northward migrating trees establish in treefall gaps at the northern limit of the temperate-boreal ecotone, Ontario, Canada.

PubMed

Leithead, Mark D; Anand, Madhur; Silva, Lucas C R

2010-12-01

Climate change is expected to promote migration of species. In ecotones, areas of ecological tension, disturbances may provide opportunities for some migrating species to establish in otherwise competitive environments. The size of and time since disturbance may determine the establishment ability of these species. We investigated gap dynamics of an old-growth red pine (Pinus resinosa Sol. ex Aiton) forest in the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence forest in northern Ontario, Canada, a transition zone between temperate and boreal forest. We investigated the effects of gaps of different sizes and ages on tree species abundance and basal area. Our results show that tree species from the temperate forest further south, such as red maple (Acer rubrum L.), red oak (Quercus rubra L.), and white pine (Pinus strobus L.), establish more often in large, old gaps; however, tree species that have more northern distributions, such as black spruce (Picea mariana Mill.), paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.), and red pine show no difference in establishment ability with gap size or age. These differences in composition could not be attributed to autogenic succession. We conclude that treefall gaps in this forest facilitate the establishment of northward migrating species, potentially providing a pathway for future forest migration in response to recent changes in climate.

Description and Evaluation of the Cultural Resources within Mathews Canyon and Pine Canyon, Lincoln County, Nevada. Cultural Resources Report. Appendix,

DTIC Science & Technology

1977-09-30

U cm. (Fire cracked rock, charcoal). 28. Burials 29. Artifacts White chert scraper, obsidian biface; broken tool blanks. Flakes: obsidian , core...mostly obsidian ; 1 red chert. 30. Remarks Deer tracks & trail; horse manure; rabbit. 31. Published references 32. Accession No. __________33. Sketch map...Burials 29. Artifacts Dozens of flakes: chert, obsidian , chalcedony, basalt chert is various colors; obsidian core, red chert biface obsidian drill

Putting white pine in its place on the Hiawatha National Forest

Treesearch

Allen D. Saberniak

1995-01-01

White pine was once a very important part of the ecosysystem in the northern lake states. Turn of the century logging and wildfires removed white pine from many of the ecosystems of which it was an integral part. Early reforestation efforts were largely unsuccessful. The native white pine weevil and the exotic white pine blister rust made white pine establishment...

AmeriFlux US-Wi5 Mixed young jack pine (MYJP)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chen, Jiquan

This is the AmeriFlux version of the carbon flux data for the site US-Wi5 Mixed young jack pine (MYJP). Site Description - The Wisconsin Mixed Young Jack Pine site is located in the Washburn Ranger District of the northeastern section of Chequamegon National Forest. A member of the northern coniferous-deciduous biome, surveys from the mid-19th century indicate the region consisted of a mixed stand of red, white, and jack pines. After extensive timber harvesting, wildfires, and farming activity, the region turned into a fragmented mosaic of stands of various ages and composition. As an assemblage, the ten Wisconsin sites aremore » indicative of the successional stages of development in the predominant stand types of a physically homogeneous landscape. Clearcut on 40 to 70 year intervals, jack pine stands occupy approximately 13% of the region.« less

Forest Health Monitoring in New Hampshire, 1996-1999

Treesearch

Northeastern Research Station

2002-01-01

New Hampshire has mature forests dominated by hardwood species but with significant softwood resources. The majority of the trees are healthy with full crowns (low transparency, high density), little dieback and little damage. Red maple had higher dieback and more damage than other species. Eastern white pine had lower crown densities and little damage.

Hemlock Looper

Treesearch

USDA Forest Service Northern Area State & Private Forestry and Region 8

1992-01-01

The hemlock looper Lambdina fiscellaria is a defoliating insect native to North America. It occurs in the eastern United States from Maine to Georgia and west to Wisconsin. The larvae can be extremely destructive to hemlock, balsam fir, and white spruce. During an outbreak it will also feed on many other species including: larch, red and black spruce, cedar, jack pine...

Slash prediction: a test in commercial thinnings in northeasrern California

Treesearch

C. Phillip Weatherspoon; Gary O. Fiddler

1984-01-01

Two slash prediction handbooks commonly used in California do not use data from California. To test predictions of the handbooks in northeastern California, logging residues from commercially thinned young-growth stands were surveyed. Measured residues were compared to handbook predictions. Species represented were ponderosa pine, California white fir, California red...

Forest tree improvement in California-1970

Treesearch

M. Thompson Conkle

1972-01-01

Foresters in California were surveyed in 1970 to determine the extent of artificial regeneration and tree improvement efforts in the State. Seeding of Douglas-fir was the prevailing practice in the North Coast. Inland areas were being planted with conifers, including ponderosa, Jeffrey, Monterey, and sugar pines, Douglas-fir, and red and white firs. Manpower devoted to...

HOW to Manage Eastern White Pine to Minimize Damage from Blister Rust and White Pine Weevil

Treesearch

Steven Katovich; Manfred E. Mielke

1993-01-01

White pine was once a dominant forest species in the north central and northeastern United States. Following logging in the late 1800's and the early part of this century, two major pests, white pine blister rust, Cronartium ribicola J.C.Fisch., and white pine weevil, Pissodes strobi (Peck), combined to reduce the value of white pine. Blister rust was introduced...

HOW to Identify and Minimize Red Pine Shoot Moth Damage

Treesearch

Steven Katovich; David J. Hall

1992-01-01

The red pine shoot moth, Dioryctria resinosella, feeds on newly expanding shoots and cones of red pine, Pinus resinosa. Damage has been reported from Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin, and southern Ontario. The red pine shoot moth is now considered a pest due to the large increase in the number and overall acreage of red pine plantations greater than 20 years of...

Jackson Mills and Mine Falls Dams, Nashua, New Hampshire. Reconnaissance Report, Hydroelectric Feasibility. Volume 1, Jackson Mills Dam.

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-12-01

Catalpa Solidago sp. Goldenrod Aster novae - angliae New England Aster Acer saccharum Sugar Maple Ulmus rubra Slippery elm Solanum hi rum Common...red pine, and hemlock are the common softwood species, and the common hardwood species include red maple, silver maple, white oak, willow, slippery ... elm and birch. In 1972, between 70 and 7S percent of the total area of the watershed consisted of forests and primarily wooded land. (Reference 3

Structural Engineering. Loads. Design Manual 2.2.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-11-01

cast, rolled 534 Locust 46 Bronze, 7.9 to 14% Sn 509 Maple, hard 43 Bronze, aluminum 481 Maple, white 33 Copper , cast, rolled 556 Oak, chestnut 54... Copper ore, pyrites 262 Oak, live 59 Gold, cast, hammered 1205 Oak, red, black 41 Gold, bars, stacked 1133 Oak, white 46 Gold, coin in bags 1084 Pine...Phosphate rock, apatite 200 Glass, crystal 184 Porphyry 172 Hay and straw - bales 20 Pumice, natural 40 Leather 59 Quartz, flint 165 Paper 58 Sandstone

Cronartium ribicola resistance in whitebark pine, southwestern white pine, limber pine and Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine - preliminary screening results from first tests at Dorena GRC

Treesearch

Richard A. Sniezko; Angelia Kegley; Robert Danchok; Anna W. Schoettle; Kelly S. Burns; Dave Conklin

2008-01-01

All nine species of white pines (five-needle pines) native to the United States are highly susceptible to Cronartium ribicola, the fungus causing white pine blister rust. The presence of genetic resistance will be the key to maintaining or restoring white pines in many ecosystems and planning gene conservation activities. Operational genetic...

Influence of seed weight on early development of eastern white pine

Treesearch

M. E., Jr. Demeritt; H. W., Jr. Hocker

1975-01-01

In the Northeast, eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) cannot be relied upon to consistently regenerate naturally due to the destruction of the cone crops by the white pine cone beetle (Conopthorus coniperda Schwarz). The white pine cone beetle has been reported to have destroyed the white pine cone crops for nine consecutive...

Effect of species and panel density on durability of structural flakeboard

Treesearch

M. W. Kelly; Eddie W. Price

1985-01-01

Structural flakeboard panels made with species of sweetgum, hickories, red oaks, white oaks, and southern pines, and with a 20 percent mixture of each species group, were subjected to a series of exposure conditions. One of the exposure conditions consisted of a Xenon arc lamp with an intermittent water spray from conventional weatherometer test equipment. Other...

Maximum stand density for ponderosa pine and red and white fir in northern California

Treesearch

William.W. Oliver; Fabian C.C. Uzoh

1997-01-01

Why are forest managers interested in quantifying maximum stand density? Nearly all conceivable management objectives dictate a stand density less than a biological maximum. Certainly, the notion that thinning dense stands increases growth on the remaining trees and reduces mortality is well-established in the literature. The interest in quantifying maximum stand...

Survival and growth of Pinus echinata and Quercus seedlings in response to simulated summer and winter prescribed burns

Treesearch

Michael D. Cain; Michael G. Shelton

2000-01-01

First-year seedlings of shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.), southern red oak (Quercus falcata Michx.), and white oak (Quercus alba L.) were subjected to simulated prescribed burns during August (growing season) or January (dormant season) on an Upper Coastal Plain site in southeastern Arkansas, U.S.A. Survival...

The climatic distribution of blister rust on white pine in Wisconsin

Treesearch

E.P. Van Arsdel; A.J. Riker; T.F. Kouba; V.E. Suomi; R.A. Bryson

1961-01-01

White pine blister rust limits the reproduction of white pine in many areas by killing young trees. In other extensive areas unjustified fear of the disease limits white pine planting. An ability to differentiate the sites on which white pine blister rust (caused by Cronartium ribicola Fischer) might be serious from those on which the disease might...

Some recent developments in white-pine weevil research in the Northeast

Treesearch

H. A. Jaynes

1958-01-01

Eastern white pine is one of the most important sawtimber species in the Northeast. This species would have still greater potential value were it not for the white-pine weevil, Pissodes strobi (Peck), its most serious insect pest. This is a native insect that occurs throughout the range of eastern white pine. A large percentage of the white pines in...

White pine blister rust resistance of 12 western white pine families at three field sites in the Pacific Northwest

Treesearch

Richard A. Sniezko; Robert Danchok; Jim Hamlin; Angelia Kegley; Sally Long; James Mayo

2012-01-01

Western white pine (Pinus monticola Douglas ex D. Don) is highly susceptible to the non-native, invasive pathogen Cronartium ribicola, the causative agent of white pine blister rust. The susceptibility of western white pine to blister rust has limited its use in restoration and reforestation throughout much of western North...

White pine blister rust resistance in Pinus monticola and P. albicaulis in the Pacific Northwest U.S. – A tale of two species

Treesearch

Richard A. Sniezko; Angelia Kegley; Robert Danchok

2012-01-01

Western white pine (Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don) and whitebark pine (P. albicaulis Engelm.) are white pine species with similar latitudinal and longitudinal geographic ranges in Oregon and Washington (figs. 1 and 2). Throughout these areas, whitebark pine generally occurs at higher elevations than western white pine. Both...

Strategies for managing whitebark pine in the presence of white pine blister rust [Chapter 17

Treesearch

Raymond J. Hoff; Dennis E. Ferguson; Geral I. McDonald; Robert E. Keane

2001-01-01

Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) is one of many North American white pine species (Pinus subgenus Strobus) susceptible to the fungal disease white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola). Blister rust has caused severe mortality (often reaching nearly 100 percent) in many stands of white bark pine north of 45° latitude in western North America. The rust is slowly...

The Austrian x red pine hybrid

Treesearch

W. B. Critchfield

1963-01-01

The genetic improvement of red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) presents tree breeders with one of their most difficult problems. Not only is this valuable species remarkably uniform, but until 1955 it resisted all attempts to cross it with other pines. In that year red pine and Austrian pine (P. nigra var. austriaca [...

Age, size and regeneration of old growth white pine at Dividing Lake Nature Reserve, Algonquin Park, Ontario

Treesearch

Richard P. Guyette; Daniel C. Dey

1995-01-01

The age, mode of regeneration and diameter growth of white pine were determined in an old growth stand near Dividing Lake, Algonquin Provincial Park. The white pine ranged in age from 267 to 486 years. There was no significant relationship between white pine age and diameter (DBH). The distribution of tree ages indicated that the white pine component in this mixed...

Long-term impact of shoot blight disease on red pine saplings

Treesearch

Linda M. Haugen; Michael E. Ostry

2013-01-01

Damage from Sirococcus and Diplodia shoot blights of red pine is widespread and periodically severe in the Lake States. An outbreak of shoot blight occurred in red pine sapling plantations across northern Wisconsin, northern Minnesota, and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan in 1993. We established monitoring plots in red pine sapling...

Introduction to the Red Pine SAF Region V Technical Conference, March 26-27, 2002

Treesearch

Thomas R. Crow

2002-01-01

Research on managing red pine has been ongoing for some time and management guides that incorporate information resulting from this research such as Buckman's (1962) Growth and Yield of Red Pine in Minnesota and Benzie's (1977) Manager's Handbook for Red Pine have been widely applied. Despite this extensive knowledge...

White pine blister rust in the interior Mountain West

Treesearch

Kelly Burns; Jim Blodgett; Dave Conklin; Brian Geils; Jim Hoffman; Marcus Jackson; William Jacobi; Holly Kearns; Anna Schoettle

2010-01-01

White pine blister rust is an exotic, invasive disease of white, stone, and foxtail pines (also referred to as white pines or five-needle pines) in the genus Pinus and subgenus Strobus (Price and others 1998). Cronartium ribicola, the fungus that causes WPBR, requires an alternate host - currants and gooseberries in the genus Ribes and species of Pedicularis...

Photosynthesis and xanthophyll cycle-mediated photoprotection in leaves of Quercus rubra and Q. alba seedlings of different light environments

Treesearch

Shi-Jean S. Sung; Dianpeng Xu; Paul P. Kormanik; Clanton C. Black

1997-01-01

Two and three years after the outplanting of 1-0 northern red oak (Quercus rubra, NRO) and white oak (Q. alba, WO) nursery stocks, the highest net photosynthetic rates (Amax) were observed from seedlings growing on a clearcut site, followed by those under a pine stand. Both NRO and WO...

Semivolatile and volatile organic compound emissions from wood-fired hydronic heaters.

PubMed

Aurell, Johanna; Gullett, Brian K; Tabor, Dennis; Touati, Abderrahmane; Oudejans, Lukas

2012-07-17

Emissions including polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), were sampled from different wood-fired hydronic heater (HH) technologies. Four commercially available HH technologies were studied: a single-stage conventional combustor with natural updraft, a three-stage downdraft combustion system, a bottom-fed pellet burner, and a two-stage heater with both a combustion and gasification chamber. The fuel consisted of three wood types (red oak, white pine, and white ash), one hardwood pellet brand, and one fuel mixture containing 95% red oak and 5% residential refuse by weight. The various HHs and fuel combinations were tested in a realistic homeowner fuel-charging scenario. Differences in emission levels were found between HH technologies and fuel types. PCDD/PCDF emissions ranged from 0.004 to 0.098 ng toxic equivalency/MJ(input) and PAHs from 0.49 to 54 mg/MJ(input). The former was increased by the presence of 5% by weight refuse. The white pine fuel had the highest PAH emission factor, while the bottom fed pellet burner had the lowest. The major VOCs emitted were benzene, acetylene, and propylene. The highest emissions of PAHs, VOCs, and PCDDs/PCDFs were observed with the conventional unit, likely due to the rapid changes in combustion conditions effected by the damper opening and closing.

Designing Forest Adaptation Experiments through Manager-Scientist Partnerships

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nagel, L. M.; Swanston, C.; Janowiak, M.

2014-12-01

Three common forest adaptation options discussed in the context of an uncertain future climate are: creating resistance, promoting resilience, and enabling forests to respond to change. Though there is consensus on the broad management goals addressed by each of these options, translating these concepts into management plans specific for individual forest types that vary in structure, composition, and function remains a challenge. We will describe a decision-making framework that we employed within a manager-scientist partnership to develop a suite of adaptation treatments for two contrasting forest types as part of a long-term forest management experiment. The first, in northern Minnesota, is a red pine-dominated forest with components of white pine, aspen, paper birch, and northern red oak, with a hazel understory. The second, in southwest Colorado, is a warm-dry mixed conifer forest dominated by ponderosa pine, white fir, and Douglas-fir, with scattered aspen and an understory of Gambel oak. The current conditions at both sites are characterized by overstocking with moderate-to-high fuel loading, vulnerability to numerous forest health threats, and are generally uncharacteristic of historic structure and composition. The desired future condition articulated by managers for each site included elements of historic structure and natural range of variability, but were greatly tempered by known vulnerabilities and projected changes to climate and disturbance patterns. The resultant range of treatments we developed are distinct for each forest type, and address a wide range of management objectives.

Investigation of Polarization Phase Difference Related to Forest Fields Characterizations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Majidi, M.; Maghsoudi, Y.

2013-09-01

The information content of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data significantly included in the radiometric polarization channels, hence polarimetric SAR data should be analyzed in relation with target structure. The importance of the phase difference between two co-polarized scattered signals due to the possible association between the biophysical parameters and the measured Polarization Phase Difference (PPD) statistics of the backscattered signal recorded components has been recognized in geophysical remote sensing. This paper examines two Radarsat-2 images statistics of the phase difference to describe the feasibility of relationship with the physical properties of scattering targets and tries to understand relevance of PPD statistics with various types of forest fields. As well as variation of incidence angle due to affecting on PPD statistics is investigated. The experimental forest pieces that are used in this research are characterized white pine (Pinus strobus L.), red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.), jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.), white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench Voss), black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill) B.S.P.), poplar (Populus L.), red oak (Quercus rubra L.) , aspen and ground vegetation. The experimental results show that despite of biophysical parameters have a wide diversity, PPD statistics are almost the same. Forest fields distributions as distributed targets have close to zero means regardless of the incidence angle. Also, The PPD distribution are function of both target and sensor parameters, but for more appropriate examination related to PPD statistics the observations should made in the leaf-off season or in bands with lower frequencies.

Conifers growing on anthracite mine soils respond to fertilization

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Davidson, W.H.; Sowa, E.A.

1982-12-01

Anthracite mine soils will support vegetation. To confirm this one needs only to look at the sizeable number of acres revegetated since passage of the 1963 Pennsylvania Anthracite Strip Mine and Conservation Act. In spite of the large number of acres revegetated, many planted trees, particularly conifers, grow poorly on anthracite mine soils. It is not uncommon for trees of a single species to differ widely in growth, not only from one mine soil to another but even on the same one. Studies were conducted on anthracite mine soils and breaker refuse to examine the growth response of some plantedmore » conifers to 1) slow-release fertilizer and 2) granular fertilizer. Annual height growth was used to measure response. Japanese larch (Larix leptolepis) growing on mine soil responded to slow-release fertilizer in the first year. Red (Pinus resinosa), white (P. strobus), and Austrian (P. nigra) pines did not respond until the second year after treatment. The response lasted for 3 years. This fertilizer did not affect growth of white spruce (Picea glauca) on mine soil, but it had a significant effect for the full, 4 year term of the study on Austrian pine growing on coal breaker refuse. Red and Scotch (P. sylvestris) pines on breaker refuse did not respond to granular fertilizer until the third year and the response was short-lived. Even though significant growth responses were obtained with these treatments, the height differences were relatively small.« less

AmeriFlux CA-TPD Ontario - Turkey Point Mature Deciduous

DOE Data Explorer

Arain, M. Altaf [McMaster University

2016-01-01

This is the AmeriFlux version of the carbon flux data for the site CA-TPD Ontario - Turkey Point Mature Deciduous. Site Description - The forest is approximately 90 years old. Naturally regenerated on sandy terrain and abandoned agricultural land. Predominantly hardwood species with a few scattered conifers. Site has been managed (thinned) in the past. It has a high biodiversity with 573 tree and plant species, 102 bird species, 23 mamal species and 22 reptile and amphibian species (SWALSREP Report, 1999). The dominant tree species is white oak (Quercus alba), with other scattered broadleaf Carolinian species including sugar and red maple (Acer saccharum, A. rubrum), American beech (Fagus grandifolia), black and red oak (Q. velutina, Q. rubra) and white ash (Fraxinus americana) . There are also scattered conifers, mostly white and red pine (Pinus strobes, P. resinosa), comprising about 5% of the trees. Average tree height is 25.7 m with a stand density of 504 ± 18 trees per hectare. Average tree diameter at breast height is 22.3 cm and basal area is 0.06 m2 or approximately 29 square meters per hectare.

Sugar pine and its hybrids

Treesearch

W. B. Critchfield; B. B. Kinloch

1986-01-01

Unlike most white pines, sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana) is severely restricted in its ability to hybridize with other species. It has not been successfully crossed with any other North American white pine, nor with those Eurasian white pines it most closely resembles. Crosses with the dissimilar P. koraiensis and P....

Composition, Structure, and Tree Reproduction at White Pine Hollow, Iowa, USA: A Remnant Old-Growth Forest

Treesearch

Lynn M. Roovers; Stephen R. Shifley

2003-01-01

A relict population of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) occurs at White Pine Hollow State Preserve in northeastern Iowa, USA. White pine was not self-replacing in our study plots here, and without disturbances that alter the successional trend the species will eventually disappear from the flat to rolling uplands where most pines currently occur...

Status of white pine blister rust and seed collections in california's high-elevation white pine species

Treesearch

J. Dunlap

2011-01-01

White pine blister rust (caused by the non-native pathogen Cronartium ribicola) reached northern California about 80 years ago. Over the years its spread southward had been primarily recorded on sugar pine. However, observations on its occurrence had also been reported in several of the higher elevation five-needled white pine species in California. Since the late...

A revised managers handbook for red pine in the North Central Region

Treesearch

Daniel W. Gilmore; Brian J. Palik

2006-01-01

This new version of the Red Pine Managers Guide gathers up-to-date information from many disciplines to address a wide range of red pine management issues. It provides guidance on managing red pine on extended rotations with a focus on landscape-scale objectives along with the traditional forest management tools focusing on production silviculture. The insect and...

Hybridization and classification of the white pines (Pinus section strobus)

Treesearch

William B. Critchfield

1986-01-01

Many North American and Eurasian white pines retain their ability to hybridize even after long isolation, and about half of all white pine hybrids from controlled pollinations are inter-hemisphere crosses. Within the morphologically homogeneous and otherwise highly crossable core group of white pines, an exception in crossing behavior is Pinus lambertiana...

75 FR 23666 - Huron-Manistee National Forests, White Pines Wind Farm Project, Mason County, MI

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-04

... DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Forest Service Huron-Manistee National Forests, White Pines Wind Farm... environmental impact statement for the White Pines Wind Farm Project on National Forest System (NFS) lands... terminates the environmental analysis process for the White Pines Wind Farm Project. DATES: The Notice of...

Dose and Enantiospecific Responses of White Pine Cone Beetles, Conophthorus coniperda, to a-Pinene in an Eastern White Pine Seed Orchard

Treesearch

Daniel R. Miller; Christopher M. Crowe; Christopher Asaro; Gary L. DeBarr

2003-01-01

The white pine cone beetle, Conophthorus coniperda, exhibited dose and enantiospecific responses to a-pinene in stands of mature eastern white pine, Pinus strobus, in a seed orchard near Murphy, North Carolina, USA. (-)-a-Pinene significantly increased catches of cone beetles to...

Histology of white pine blister rust in needles of resistant and susceptible eastern white pine

Treesearch

Joel A. Jurgens; Robert A. Blanchette; Paul J. Zambino; Andrew David

2003-01-01

White pine blister rust, Cronartium ribicola, has plagued the forests of North America for almost a century. Over past decades, eastern white pine (Pinus strobus) that appear to tolerate the disease have been selected and incorporated into breeding programs. Seeds from P. strobus with putative resistance were...

Do Red-cockaded Woodpeckers Select Cavity Trees Based on Chemical Composition of Pine Resin?

Treesearch

Richard N. Conner; Robert H. Johnson; D. Craig Rudolph; Daniel Saenz

2003-01-01

We examined resin chemistry of loblolly (Pinus taeda) and shortleaf (P. echinata) pines selected as cavity trees by Red-cockaded Woodpeckers (Picoides borealis) in eastern Texas. We sampled resin from (1) pines selected by Red-cockaded Woodpeckers that contained naturally excavated active cavities, (2) pines...

Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Fire in Whitebark Pine Stands on two Mountains in the Lolo National Forest, Montana, USA.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Larson, E. R.; Grissino-Mayer, H. D.

2004-12-01

Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) is a long-lived tree species that exists throughout high elevation and treeline forest communities of western North America. It is the foundation of a diminishing ecosystem that supports Clark's nutcrackers (Nucifraga columbiana), red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus), grizzly bears (Ursus arctos), and black bears (U. americana). Several factors are directly linked to the decline of the whitebark pine ecosystem: mortality from recent and widespread mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) outbreaks, infestation by the invasive white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola, an exotic fungal canker that weakens and eventually kills white pines), and fire suppression that may have altered the historic fire regime and enabled fire-intolerant tree species to encroach upon whitebark pine stands. The synergistic effects of these factors have led to a dramatic decline in whitebark pine communities throughout its native range, and in response land managers and conservationists have called for research to better understand the ecological dynamics of this little studied ecosystem. My research uses dendrochronology to investigate the fire history of whitebark pine stands on three mountains in the Lolo National Forest, Montana, via fire-scar and age structure analyses. I present here the results from the fire-scar analyses from Morrell Mountain where I obtained 40 cross sections from dead and down whitebark pines. Individual tree mean fire return intervals (MFRI) range from 33 to 119 years, with a stand MFRI of 49 years that includes fire scars dating to the 16th century. Fire events scarred multiple trees in AD 1754, 1796, and 1843, indicating a mixed-severity fire regime. The majority of the samples recorded a frost event in AD 1601, perhaps evidence of the AD 1600 eruption of Mt. Huaynapatina in the Peruvian Andes. My research not only provides an historical framework for land managers, but also provides an opportunity to examine long-term spatiotemporal dynamics of fire activity over the northern Rocky Mountains in terms of climate change and atmospheric teleconnections.

Emerging hardwood pest problems and implications for the Central Hardwood region

Treesearch

Bruce D. Moltzan

2003-01-01

Over the last 100 years of human action there has been a correlated increase in the movement of insects and disease to the new world. Chestnut Blight, Dutch Elm Disease, Gypsy Moth, Butternut Canker, and White Pine Blister Rust are stern reminders of historically devastating exotic invasions. Sudden Oak Death, Asian Long-horned Beetle, Oak Wilt, Red Oak Borer, and Oak...

White pine blister rust resistance research in Minnesota and Wisconsin

Treesearch

Andrew David; Paul Berrang; Carrie Pike

2012-01-01

The exotic fungus Cronartium ribicola causes the disease white pine blister rust on five-needled pines throughout North America. Although the effects of this disease are perhaps better known on pines in the western portion of the continent, the disease has also impacted regeneration and growth of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L. ...

Growth of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) related to forest floor consumption by prescribed fire in the Southern Appalachians

Treesearch

Katherine J. Elliott; James M. Vose; Barton D. Clinton

2002-01-01

Chainsaw felling, burning, and planting of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) have been prescribed on degraded pine/hardwood stands in the Southern Appalachians to improve overstory composition and productivity. The desired future condition of the overstory is a productive pine/hardwood mixture, with white pine, which is resistant to southern pine...

Assessment of urban tree growth from structure, nutrients and composition data derived from airborne lidar and imaging spectroscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gu, H.; Townsend, P. A.; Singh, A.

2014-12-01

Urban forests provide important ecosystem services related to climate, nutrients, runoff and aesthetics. Assessment of variations in urban forest growth is critical to urban management and planning, as well as to identify responses to climate and other environmental changes. We estimated annual relative basal area increment by tree rings from 37 plots in Madison, Wisconsin and neighboring municipalities. We related relative basal area growth to variables of vegetation traits derived from remote sensing, including structure (aboveground biomass, diameter, height, basal area, crown width and crown length) from discrete-return airborne lidar, and biochemical variables (foliar nitrogen, carbon, lignin, cellulose, fiber and LMA), spectral indices (NDVI, NDWI, PRI, NDII etc.) and species composition from AVIRIS hyperspectral imagery. Variations in tree growth was mainly correlated with tree species composition (R2 = 0.29, RMSE = 0.004) with coniferous stands having a faster growth rate than broadleaf plots. Inclusion of stand basal area improved model prediction from R2 = 0.29 to 0.35, with RMSE = 0.003. Then, we assessed the growth by functional type, we found that foliar lignin concentration and the proportion of live coniferous trees explained 57% variance in the growth of conifer stands. In contrast, broadleaf forest growth was more strongly correlated with species composition and foliar carbon (R2 = 0.59, RMSE = 0.003). Finally, we compared the relative basal area growth by species. In our study area, red pine and white pine exhibited higher growth rates than other species, while white oak plots grew slowest. There is a significant negative relationship between tree height and the relative growth in red pine stands (r = -0.95), as well as a strong negative relationship between crown width and the relative growth in white pine stands (r = -0.87). Growth declines as trees grow taller and wider may partly be the result of reduced photosynthesis and water availability. We also found that canopy cellulose content was negatively correlated with growth in white oak (r = -0.59), which could be caused by trade off of carbon allocation from shoot storage to leaves. These results demonstrate the potential of lidar and hyperspectral imagery to characterize important traits associated with biomass accumulation in urban forests.

Examining possible causes of mortality in white pine seedlings

Treesearch

Elizabeth Gilles; Ronald Reitz; Greg Hoss; David. Gwaze

2011-01-01

White pine (Pinus strobus L.) is one of the most important timber trees in the northeastern United States and eastern Canada (Demeritt and Garrett 1996). White pine is not native to Missouri; it is commonly planted for wind breaks and erosion control and as an ornamental. Unusual mortality of bare-root seedlings of white pine purchased from the...

Can microscale meteorological conditions predict the impact of white pine blister rust in Colorado and Wyoming?

Treesearch

William R. Jacobi; Betsy A. Goodrich; Holly S. J. Kearns; Kelly S. Burns; Brian W. Geils

2011-01-01

White pine blister rust occurs when there are compatible interactions between susceptible hosts (white pines and Ribes spp.), inoculum (Cronartium ribicola spores), and local weather conditions during infection. The five spore stages of the white pine blister rust (WPBR) fungus have specific temperature and moisture conditions necessary for production, germination, and...

Insect-induced crystallization of white pine resins. II. white-pine cone beetle

Treesearch

Frank S., Jr. Santamour

1965-01-01

The white-pine cone beetle (Conophthoras coniperda ( Schwarz ) ) can cause extensive damage to cones of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) and can severely hamper natural reproduction of this species (Graber 1964). This insect also will be a potential pest of seed orchards for the production of genetically superior seed if and...

Natural regeneration in the western white pine type

Treesearch

Irvine T. Haig; Kenneth P. Davis; Robert H. Weidman

1941-01-01

The purpose of this bulletin is to bring together the available information on natural regeneration of the western white pine type, based on about 25 years of forest research and 30 years of national-forest timber-cutting experience. Western white pine (Pinus monticola) forms the key species of the valuable western white pine type of northern Idaho and contiguous...

White pines, blister rust, and management in the Southwest

Treesearch

D. A. Conklin; M Fairweather; D Ryerson; B Geils; D Vogler

2009-01-01

White pines in New Mexico and Arizona are threatened by the invasive disease white pine blister rust, Cronartium ribicola. Blister rust is already causing severe damage to a large population of southwestern white pine in the Sacramento Mountains of southern New Mexico. Recent detection in northern and western New Mexico suggests that a major expansion of the...

First report of the white pine blister rust pathogen, Cronartium ribicola, in Arizona

Treesearch

M. L. Fairweather; Brian Geils

2011-01-01

White pine blister rust, caused by Cronartium ribicola J.C. Fisch., was found on southwestern white pine (Pinus flexilis James var. reflexa Engelm., synonym P. strobiformis Engelm.) near Hawley Lake, Arizona (Apache County, White Mountains, 34.024°N, 109.776°W, elevation 2,357 m) in April 2009. Although white pines in the Southwest (Arizona and New Mexico) have been...

Whitebark pine mortality related to white pine blister rust, mountain pine beetle outbreak, and water availability

USGS Publications Warehouse

Shanahan, Erin; Irvine, Kathryn M.; Thoma, David P.; Wilmoth, Siri K.; Ray, Andrew; Legg, Kristin; Shovic, Henry

2016-01-01

Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) forests in the western United States have been adversely affected by an exotic pathogen (Cronartium ribicola, causal agent of white pine blister rust), insect outbreaks (Dendroctonus ponderosae, mountain pine beetle), and drought. We monitored individual trees from 2004 to 2013 and characterized stand-level biophysical conditions through a mountain pine beetle epidemic in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. Specifically, we investigated associations between tree-level variables (duration and location of white pine blister rust infection, presence of mountain pine beetle, tree size, and potential interactions) with observations of individual whitebark pine tree mortality. Climate summaries indicated that cumulative growing degree days in years 2006–2008 likely contributed to a regionwide outbreak of mountain pine beetle prior to the observed peak in whitebark mortality in 2009. We show that larger whitebark pine trees were preferentially attacked and killed by mountain pine beetle and resulted in a regionwide shift to smaller size class trees. In addition, we found evidence that smaller size class trees with white pine blister rust infection experienced higher mortality than larger trees. This latter finding suggests that in the coming decades white pine blister rust may become the most probable cause of whitebark pine mortality. Our findings offered no evidence of an interactive effect of mountain pine beetle and white pine blister rust infection on whitebark pine mortality in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. Interestingly, the probability of mortality was lower for larger trees attacked by mountain pine beetle in stands with higher evapotranspiration. Because evapotranspiration varies with climate and topoedaphic conditions across the region, we discuss the potential to use this improved understanding of biophysical influences on mortality to identify microrefugia that might contribute to successful whitebark pine conservation efforts. Using tree-level observations, the National Park Service-led Greater Yellowstone Interagency Whitebark Pine Long-term Monitoring Program provided important ecological insight on the size-dependent effects of white pine blister rust, mountain pine beetle, and water availability on whitebark pine mortality. This ongoing monitoring campaign will continue to offer observations that advance conservation in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem.

Histological observations on needle colonization by Cronartium ribicola in susceptible and resistant seedlings of whitebark pine and limber pine

Treesearch

Jeffrey Stone; Anna Schoettle; Richard Sniezko; Angelia Kegley

2011-01-01

Resistance to white pine blister rust based on a hypersensitive response (HR) that is conferred by a dominant gene has been identified as functioning in needles of blister rust-resistant families of sugar pine, western white pine and southwestern white pine. The typical HR response displays a characteristic local necrosis at the site of infection in the needles during...

Limonene: attractant kairomone for white pine cone beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in an Eastern white pine seed orchard in Western North Carolina

Treesearch

Daniel R. Miller

2007-01-01

I report on the attraction of the white pine cone beetle, Canophthorus coniperda (Schwarz) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), to traps baited with the host monoterpene limonene in western North Carolina. Both (+)- and (-)-limonene attracted male and female cone beetles to Japenese beetle traps in an eastern white pine, Pinus strobus L. seed...

Silvicultural approaches for management of eastern white pine to minimize impacts of damaging agents

Treesearch

M.E. Ostry; G. Laflamme; S.A. Katovich

2010-01-01

Since the arrival to North America of Cronartium ribicola, management of eastern white pine has been driven by the need to avoid the actual or, in many areas, the perceived damage caused by white pine blister rust. Although white pine has lost much of its former dominance, it remains a valuable species for biotic diversity, aesthetics, wildlife...

Blister rust control in the management of western white pine

Treesearch

Kenneth P. Davis; Virgil D. Moss

1940-01-01

The forest industry of the western white pine region depends on the production of white pine as a major species on about 2,670,000 acres of commercial forest land. Continued production of this species and maintenance of the forest industry at anything approaching its present level is impossible unless the white pine blister rust is controlled. Existing merchantable...

White pine blister rust in high-elevation white pines: Screening for simply-inherited, hypersensitive resistance

Treesearch

Detlev R. Vogler; Annette Delfino-Mix; Anna W. Schoettle

2006-01-01

Recent concern about survival and recovery of high-elevation white pine ecosystems has returned white pine blister rust (caused by Cronartiurn ribicola) to prominence as a significant threat to forest health in the western U.S. (Sainman et al., 2003). This, in turn, has spurred new research into potential rust-resistance mechanisms in high-elevation...

A field test of procedures for evaluating and scheduling white-pine weevil control

Treesearch

Robert P. Ford; Robert L. Talerico; D. Gordon Mott

1965-01-01

Procedures have recently been developed that permit economic and biological information to be integrated in making decisions about the need for control against the white-pine weevil, and in scheduling control in young white pine plantations. The procedures are based upon studies of the magnitude of economic losses that result from weevil attack in white pine and upon...

Influence of host resistance on the genetic structure of the white pine blister rust fungus in the western United States

Treesearch

B. A. Richardson; N. B. Klopfenstein; P. J. Zambino; G. I. McDonald; B. W. Geils; L. M. Carris

2008-01-01

Cronartium ribicola, the causal agent of white pine blister rust, has been devastating to five-needled white pines in North America since its introduction nearly a century ago. However, dynamic and complex interactions occur among C. ribicola, five-needled white pines, and the environment. To examine potential evolutionary...

Extent of Phellinus pini decay in loblolly pines and red-cockaded woodpecker cavity trees in eastern Texas.

Treesearch

Richard N. Conner; Daniel Saenz; D. Craig Rudolph; Richard R. Schaefer

2004-01-01

Extent of Phellinus pini decay in loblolly pines and red-cockaded woodpecker cavity trees in eastern Texas. Memoirs of The New York Botanical Garden 89: 315-321, 2004. To determine the prevalence of Phellinus pini in pines generally and red-cockaded woodpecker cavity trees specifically, we dissected 24 loblolly pines (...

First report of the white pine blister rust fungus, Cronartium ribicola, infecting Pinus flexilis on Pine Mountain, Humboldt National Forest, Elko County, northeastern Nevada, U.S.A.

Treesearch

Detlev R. Vogler; Patricia E. Maloney; Tom Burt; Jacob W. Snelling

2017-01-01

In 2013, while surveying for five-needle white pine cone crops in northeastern Nevada, we observed white pine blister rust, caused by the rust pathogen Cronartium ribicola Fisch., infecting branches and stems of limber pines (Pinus flexilis James) on Pine Mountain (41.76975°N, 115.61622°W), Humboldt National Forest,...

Red Pine Shoot Moth

Treesearch

John Hainze; David Hall

The red pine shoot moth recently caused significant damage to red pine plantations in Minnesota, Wisconsin and Michigan. Trees of all ages have been attacked, but the most severe damage has occurred in 20-40 year old plantations growing on sandy soils.

How to control the white pine weevil with a hand sprayer

Treesearch

David Crosby

1954-01-01

The white pine weevil is the most serious insect enemy of white pine in the Northeast, where more than 75 percent of these valuable trees are weeviled. Weevil larvae feed just beneath the bark; this kills the leader, causing folks, crooks, and a subsequent degrade of timber. In fact, widespread damage by the weevil has reduced the demand for white pine planting stock...

Cleaning to favor western white pine - its effects upon composition, growth, and potential values

Treesearch

Raymond J. Boyd

1959-01-01

The management of western white pine (Pinus monticola) requires the production of a high proportion of valuable white pine crop trees in order to defray the costs of protection from blister rust. Current average selling prices of lumber give white pine about $50 per m.b.f. advantage over western larch (Larix occidentalis) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), the...

White Pine Weevil

Treesearch

Abdul Hamid; Thomas M. O' Dell; Steven Katovich

1995-01-01

The white pine weevil - Pissodes strobi (Peck) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) - is a native insect attacking eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.). The latest cytogenetic and breeding studies indicate that two other North American pine weevil species - the Sitka spruce weevil and the Engelmann spruce weevil-also should be classified as Pissodes strobi. The present...

Mass loss and nutrient concentrations of buried wood as a function of organic matter removal, soil compaction, and vegetation control in a regenerating oak-pine forest

Treesearch

Felix Ponder; John M. Kabrick; Mary Beth Adams; Deborah S. Page-Dumroese; Marty F. Jurgensen

2017-01-01

Mass loss and nutrient concentrations of northern red oak (Quercus rubra) and white oak (Q. alba) wood stakes were measured 30 months after their burial in the upper 10 cm of soil in a regenerating forest after harvesting and soil disturbance. Disturbance treatments were two levels of organic matter (OM) removal (only...

Contrasting Patterns of Diterpene Acid Induction by Red Pine and White Spruce to Simulated Bark Beetle Attack, and Interspecific Differences in Sensitivity Among Fungal Associates

Treesearch

Charles J. Mason; Kier D. Klepzig; Brian J. Kopper; Philip J. Kersten; Barbara L. Illman; Kenneth F. Raffa

2015-01-01

Conifers possess a suite of physiochemical defenses that protect their subcortical tissues from bark beetle -fungal complexes. These defenses include rapid induction of terpenoids and phenolics at the site of attack. Studies of the distribution, induction, and bioactivity of conifer terpenoids have focused heavily on monoterpenes. We assessed induction of diterpene...

Effect of cement/wood ratios and wood storage conditions on hydration temperature, hydration time, and compressive strength of wood-cement mixtures

Treesearch

Andy W.C. Lee; Zhongli Hong; Douglas R. Phillips; Chung-Yun Hse

1987-01-01

This study investigated the effect of cement/wood ratios and wood storage conditions on hydration temperature, hydration time, and compressive strength of wood-cement mixtures made from six wood species: southern pine, white oak, southern red oak, yellow-poplar, sweetgum, and hickory. Cement/wood ratios varied from 13/1 to 4/1. Wood storage conditions consisted of air-...

Southern pine beetle-induced mortality of pines with natural and artificial red-cockaded woodpecker cavities in Texas

Treesearch

Richard N. Conner; Daniel Saenz; D. Craig Rudolph; Robert N. Coulson

1998-01-01

Southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis) infestation is the major cause of mortality for red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis) cavity trees in loblolly (Pinus taeda) and shortleaf (P. echinata) pines. Recent intensive management for red-cockaded woodpeckers includes the use of artificial cavity inserts. Between 1991 and 1996 the authors examined southern...

European Pine Shoot Moth

Treesearch

William E. Miller; Arthur R. Hastings; John F. Wootten

1961-01-01

In the United States, the European pine shoot moth has caused much damage in young, plantations of red pine. It has been responsible for reduced planting of red pine in many areas. Although attacked trees rarely if ever die, their growth is inhibited and many are, deformed. Scotch pine and Austrian pine (Pinus nigra Arnold) are usually not so badly damaged. Swiss...

Fire effects in northeastern forests: red pine.

Treesearch

Cary Rouse

1988-01-01

Fire and red pine are closely associated. Fires can provide red pine with the mineral soil and freedom from competition it needs to become well established. Fire can also be used to control pests, increase tree growth, enhance aesthetics, and improve wildlife habitat.

Death of an ecosystem: perspectives on western white pine ecosystems of North America at the end of the twentieth century

Treesearch

Alan E. Harvey; James W. Byler; Geral I. McDonald; Leon F. Neuenschwander; Jonalea R. Tonn

2008-01-01

The effective loss of western white pine (Pinus monticola Dougl.) in the white pine ecosystem has far-reaching effects on the sustainability of local forests and both regional and global forestry issues. Continuing trends in management of this forest type has the potential to put western white pine, as well as the ecosystem it once dominated, at very...

White pine blister rust in northern ldaho and western Montana: alternatives for integrated management

Treesearch

Susan K. Hagle; Geral I. McDonald; Eugene A. Norby

1989-01-01

This report comprises a handbook for managing western white pine in northern ldaho and western Montana, under the threat of white pine blister rust. Various sections cover the history of the disease and efforts to combat it, the ecology of the white pine and Ribes, alternate host of the rust, and techniques for evaluating the rust hazard and attenuating it. The authors...

Ecology of whitebark pine populations in relation to white pine blister rust infection in subalpine forests of the Lake Tahoe Basin: Implications for restoration

Treesearch

Patricia E. Maloney; Detlev R. Vogler; Camille E. Jensen; Annette Delfino Mix

2012-01-01

For over a century, white pine blister rust (WPBR), caused by the introduced fungal pathogen, Cronartium ribicola J.C. Fisch., has affected white pine (Subgenus Strobus) individuals, populations, and associated forest communities in North America. We surveyed eight populations of whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis Engelm.) across a range of environmental conditions in...

Understory biomass from southern pine forests as a fuel source

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ku, T.T.; Baker, J.B.

1993-12-31

The energy crisis in the US in the late 1970s led to accelerated research on renewable energy resources. The use of woody biomass, harvested from pine forests in the southern US, as a renewable energy source would not only provide an efficient energy alternative to forest industries, but its use would also reduce understory competition and accelerate growth of overstory crop trees. This study was initiated in the early 1980s to investigate the feasibility and applicability of the use of understory vegetation as a possible energy fuel resource. All woody understory vegetation [<14 cm (<5.5 in) in dbh], on 0.2more » ha (0.5 ac) plots that represented a range of stand/site conditions of pine stands located in twelve southern Arkansas counties and two northern Louisiana parishes were characterized, quantified, and harvested. Based on the biomass yield from 720 subplots nested within 40 main plots, the top five dominant species in the understory, based on number and size were: Red maple, red oaks, pines, sweetgum, and winged elm. Some other species occurring, but in smaller proportions, were flowering dogwood, beautyberry, white oaks, black gum, wax myrtle, hickories, persimmon, and ashes. Most of these species are deciduous hardwoods that provide high BTU output upon burning. The average yield of chipped understory biomass was 23.5 T/ha with no difference occurring between summer and winter harvests. A predictive model of understory biomass production was developed using a step-wise multivariate regression analysis. In relation to forest type, high density pine stands produced 53% more understory biomass than high density pine-hardwood stands. The average moisture content of biomass was significantly lower when harvested in winter than when harvested in summer.« less

Proposed Operational Base Site, Steptoe Valley, Ely Area, Nevada.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-03-31

1629, respectively (White Pine Chamber of Commerce , WPCC, 1980). The city of Ely is incorporated; the suburb of East Ely is not. For purposes of this...Site SAF Security Alert Facility WPCC White Pine Chamber of Commerce WPPP White Pine Power Project IL__ _ FN-TR-35 38 BIBLIOGRAPHY Cardinalli, J., 1979...Nevada Forecasts for the Future--Agriculture, State Engineer’s Office, Carson City, Nevada. *1 White Pine Chamber of Commerce , 1980, Oral

Composition of mixed-species foraging flocks associated with red-cockaded woodpeckers

Treesearch

Richard R. Schaefer; D. Craig Rudolph; Richard N. Conner; Daniel Saenz

2004-01-01

Red-cockaded woodpeckers (Picoides borealis are known to be regular members of mixed species foraging flocks. We censused avian species associated with foraging red-cockaded woodpeckers in longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) habitat and in mixed loblolly pine (P. taeda)-shortleaf pine (P. echinata...

White pine in the American West: A vanishing species - can we save it?

Treesearch

Leon F. Neuenschwander; James W. Byler; Alan E. Harvey; Geral I. McDonald; Denise S. Ortiz; Harold L. Osborne; Gerry C. Snyder; Arthur Zack

1999-01-01

Forest scientists ask that everyone, from the home gardener to the forest manager, help revive western white pine by planting it everywhere, even in nonforest environments such as our neighborhood streets, parks, and backyards. White pine, long ago considered the "King Pine," once dominated the moist inland forests of the Northwest, eventually spawning whole...

White pines, Ribes, and blister rust: integration and action

Treesearch

R. S. Hunt; B. W. Geils; K. E. Hummer

2010-01-01

The preceding articles in this series review the history, biology and management of white pine blister rust in North America, Europe and eastern Asia. In this integration, we connect and discuss seven recurring themes important for understanding and managing epidemics of Cronartium ribicola in the white pines (five-needle pines in subgenus Strobus). Information and...

Ecological roles of five-needle pine in Colorado: Potential consequences of their loss

Treesearch

Anna Schoettle

2004-01-01

Limber pine (Pinus flexilis James) and Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine (Pinus aristata Engelm.) are two white pines that grow in Colorado. Limber pine has a broad distribution throughout western North America while bristlecone pine’s distribution is almost entirely within the state of Colorado. White pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola J. C. Fisch.) was...

User's guide: RPGrow$: a red pine growth and analysis spreadsheet for the Lake States.

Treesearch

Carol A. Hyldahl; Gerald H. Grossman

1993-01-01

Describes RPGrow$, a stand-level, interactive spreadsheet for projecting growth and yield and estimating financial returns of red pine plantations in the Lake States. This spreadsheet is based on published growth models for red pine. Financial analyses are based on discounted cash flow methods.

AmeriFlux CA-TP3 Ontario - Turkey Point 1974 Plantation White Pine

DOE Data Explorer

Arain, M. Altaf [McMaster University

2016-01-01

This is the AmeriFlux version of the carbon flux data for the site CA-TP3 Ontario - Turkey Point 1974 Plantation White Pine. Site Description - White pine plantation established in 1974 over sandy abandoned land

AmeriFlux CA-TP4 Ontario - Turkey Point 1939 Plantation White Pine

DOE Data Explorer

Arain, M. Altaf [McMaster University

2016-01-01

This is the AmeriFlux version of the carbon flux data for the site CA-TP4 Ontario - Turkey Point 1939 Plantation White Pine. Site Description - White pine plantation established in 1939 over sandy abandoned land

Landscape biology of western white pine: implications for conservation of a widely-distributed five-needle pine at its southern range limit

Treesearch

Patricia Maloney; Andrew Eckert; Detlev Vogler; Camille Jensen; Annette Delfino Mix; David Neale

2016-01-01

Throughout much of the range of western white pine, Pinus monticola Dougl., timber harvesting, fire exclusion and the presence of Cronartium ribicola J. C. Fisch., the white pine blister rust (WPBR) pathogen, have led to negative population and genetic consequences. To address these interactions, we examined population dynamics...

An investigation into western white pine partial resistance against the rust pathogen Cronartium ribicola using in vitro screening method

Treesearch

D. Noshad; J.N. King

2012-01-01

Cronartium ribicola is one of the most destructive forest pathogens of North American white pines. The pathogen infects pine trees through their stomata, colonizes the stem, and produces stem cankers the following growing season. In this research, we collected samples from different white pine populations across Canada and the United States to...

Evaluation of white-rot fungal growth on southern yellow pine wood chips pretreated with blue-stain fungi

Treesearch

Suki C. Croan

2000-01-01

White-rotting basidiomycetes do not colonize on southern yellow pine. This study seeks to reduce the resinous extractive content of southern yellow pine by treating it with blue stain fungi. The mycelial growth of wood-inhabiting ligninolytic white-rot fungi can be achieved on pretreated southern yellow pine wood. Aureobasidium, Ceratocystis, and Ophiostoma spp....

Strategies, tools, and challenges for sustaining and restoring high elevation five-needle white pine forests in western North America

Treesearch

Robert E. Keane; Anna W. Schoettle

2011-01-01

Many ecologically important, five-needle white pine forests that historically dominated the high elevation landscapes of western North America are now being heavily impacted by mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus spp.) outbreaks, the exotic disease white pine blister rust (WPBR), and altered high elevation fire regimes. Management intervention using specially designed...

Red-cockaded woodpecker nestling provisioning and reproduction in two different pine habitats

Treesearch

Richard R. Schaefer; Richard N. Conner; D. Craig Rudolph; Daniel Saenz

2004-01-01

We obtained nestling provisioning and rcpntductive data from 24 Red-cockaded Woodpecker (Picoides borealis) groups occupying two different pine habitats-longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) and a mixture of loblolly (P. taeda) and shortleaf pine (P. echinata)--in eastern Texas during 1990 and 1901....

Red Pine Seedling Establishment after Shelterwood-Strip Harvesting

Treesearch

John W. Benzie; Alvin A. Alm

1977-01-01

Shelterwood-strip harvesting in a mature red pine stand provided favorable growing conditions for red pine seedlings established by planting nursery stock, by planting 10-week-old to 1-year-old tubelings, and by direct seeding. How long the shelterwood-strips can be left standing before they seriously affect seedling development to be determined

The red-cockaded woodpecker: interactions with fire, snags, fungi, rat snakes and pileated woodpeckers

Treesearch

Richard N. Conner; Daniel Saenz; D. Craig Rudolph

2004-01-01

Red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis) adaptation to fire-maintained southern pine ecosystems has involved several important interactions: (1) the reduction of hardwood frequency in the pine ecosystem because of frequent tires, (2) the softening of pine heartwood by red heart fungus (Phellinus pini) that hastens cavity...

Relationships of red pine seed source, seed weight, seedling weight, and height growth in Kane test plantation

Treesearch

A. F. Hough

1952-01-01

In 1928 the Lake States Forest Experiment Station of the U. S. Forest Service began studies of various races or strains of red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.), to find out how well red pine is adapted to climatic regions distant from its natural seed sources.

Restoration planting options for limber pines impacted by mountain pine beetles and/or white pine blister rust in the Southern Rocky Mountains

Treesearch

Anne Marie Casper; William R. Jacobi; Anna W. Schoettle; Kelly S. Burns

2010-01-01

Limber Pine (Pinus flexilis) populations in the southern Rock Mountains are severely threatened by the combined impacts of mountain pine beetles and white pine blister rust. Limber pine’s critical role these high elevation ecosystems heightens the importance of mitigating impacts. To develop forest-scale planting methods six seedling planting trial sites were installed...

Limber pine forests on the leading edge of white pine blister rust distribution in Northern Colorado

Treesearch

Jennifer G. Klutsch; Betsy A. Goodrich; Anna W. Schoettle

2011-01-01

The combined threats of the current mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae, MPB) epidemic with the imminent invasion of white pine blister rust (caused by the non-native fungus Cronartium ribicola, WPBR) in limber pine (Pinus flexilis) forests in northern Colorado threatens the limber pine's regeneration cycle and ecosystem function. Over one million...

Growing white pine in the Lake States to avoid blister rust

Treesearch

Eugene P. Van Arsdel

1961-01-01

Since white pine is one of the most desirable tree species for the Lake States region, it is unfortunate that fear of the blister rust disease has greatly limited the amount of white pine planted. Research has shown that, in many areas, loss from the disease has not been great even where pine stands have not been protected through ribes eradication. Conversely, in...

A paradigm shift for white pine blister rust: Non-Ribes alternate hosts for Cronartium ribicola in North America

Treesearch

Paul J. Zambino; Bryce A. Richardson; Geral I. McDonald; Ned B. Klopfenstein; Mee-Sook Kim

2007-01-01

Naturally occurring Cronartium ribicola infections were discovered in August and September, 2004 on Pedicularis racemosa and Castilleja miniata in a mixed stand of white pine blister rust-infected whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) and western white pine (P. monticola) in northern Idaho, at Roman Nose Lakes, ca 30 km west of Bonners Ferry. Infections were confirmed by...

The U.S. Forest Service's renewed focus on gene conservation of five-needle pine species

Treesearch

2011-01-01

The U.S. Forest Service (FS) has been actively working with five-needle pine species for decades. The main focus of this interest has been in restoration efforts involving disease-resistance screening activities in western white (Pinus monticola), sugar (Pinus lambertiana), and eastern white (Pinus strobus) pines in the face of white pine blister rust (WPBR), caused by...

Preparing the landscape for invasion - Early intervention approaches for threatened high elevation white pine ecosystems

Treesearch

Anna W. Schoettle; Richard A. Sniezko; Kelly S. Burns; Freeman Floyd

2007-01-01

White pine blister rust is now a permanent resident of North America. The disease continued to cause tree mortality and impact ecosystems in many areas. However, not all high elevation white pine ecosystems have been invaded; the pathogen is still spreading within the distributions of the whitebark, limber, foxtail, Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine and has yet to infect...

Options for the management of white pine blister rust in the Rocky Mountain Region

Treesearch

Kelly S. Burns; Anna W. Schoettle; William R. Jacobi; Mary F. Mahalovich

2008-01-01

This publication synthesizes current information on the biology, distribution, and management of white pine blister rust (WPBR) in the Rocky Mountain Region. In this Region, WPBR occurs within the range of Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine (Pinus aristata), limber pine (P. flexilis), and whitebark pine (P. albicaulis...

Control of the white-pine weevil with insecticidal emulsions

Treesearch

David Crosby

1958-01-01

Excellent control of the white-pine weevil in young white pine plantations, by applying concentrated lead arsenate spray with knapsack sprayers, was demonstrated and reported several years ago. Since then, research has shown that a number of newer insecticides, used as emulsions, are also very effective.

Effect of treatment pressure on treatment quality and bending properties of red pine lumber

Treesearch

Patricia K. Lebow; Stan T. Lebow; William J. Nelson

2010-01-01

Although higher treatment pressures have the potential to improve preservative penetration, higher pressures may possibly result in greater reduction in mechanical properties. The present study evaluated the effect of treatment pressure on the treatment quality and mechanical properties of red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) lumber. End-matched sections of red pine lumber...

Pocket Guide to Red Pine Diseases and their Management

Treesearch

Thomas H. Nicholls; Darroll D. Skillings

1990-01-01

Red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) is one of our most valuable tree species. Therefore, it is imperative for land managers to be familiar with red pine diseases that have the potential to cause major economic losses. This knowledge combined with adequate dollars, teamwork, early detection, positive pest identification, and proper timing, selection, and applications of...

Heat sterilization times of red pine boards

Treesearch

William T. Simpson

2004-01-01

The objective of this study was to determine the time required to heat the center of red pine boards to various temperatures for sterilization. This information will serve as a guideline for those concerned with heat sterilizing wood pallets and other wood shipping containers to meet heat treatment requirements for protection against invasive pests. Red pine boards, 4...

Estimating the probability of mountain pine beetle red-attack damage

Treesearch

Michael A Wulder; J. C. White; Barbara J Bentz; M. F. Alvarez; N. C. Coops

2006-01-01

Accurate spatial information on the location and extent of mountain pine beetle infestation is critical for the planning of mitigation and treatment activities. Areas of mixed forest and variable terrain present unique challenges for the detection and mapping of mountain pine beetle red-attack damage, as red-attack has a more heterogeneous distribution under these...

Non-Ribes alternate hosts of white pine blister rust: What this discovery means to whitebark pine

Treesearch

Paul J. Zambino; Bryce A. Richardson; Geral I. McDonald; Ned B. Klopfenstein; Mee-Sook Kim

2006-01-01

From early to present-day outbreaks, white pine blister rust caused by the fungus Cronartium ribicola, in combination with mountain pine beetle outbreaks and fire exclusion has caused ecosystem-wide effects for all five-needled pines (McDonald and Hoff 2001). To be successful, efforts to restore whitebark pine will require sound management decisions that incorporate an...

Do deer and shrubs override canopy gap size effects on growth and survival of yellow birch, northern red oak, eastern white pine, and eastern hemlock seedlings?

Treesearch

Cristel C. Kern; Peter B. Reich; Rebecca A. Montgomery; Terry F. Strong

2012-01-01

Innovative forestry practices that use natural disturbance and stand developmental processes as models to increase forest complexity are now being considered as a way to conserve biodiversity while managing for a range of objectives.We evaluated the influence of harvest-created gap size (6, 10, 20, 30, and 46 m diameter gaps and uncut references) over 12 growing...

Vegetation dynamics after spring and summer fires in red and white pine stands at Voyageurs National Park

USGS Publications Warehouse

Weyenberg, Scott A.; Pavlovic, Noel B.

2014-01-01

Conducting dormant season or springtime prescribed fire treatments has become a common practice in many regions of the United States to restore ecosystems to their natural state. Despite the knowledge that historically, fires often occurred during the summer, the application of summer burns has been deterred, in part, by a lack of understanding of fire season effects on vegetation. We explored the differences in fire effects between spring and summer burns at Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota. The fire season effects on the ground layer vegetation were clearly different among the treatments: pre-burn, spring, and summer. Vegetation composition of pre-burn and after spring fires was similar, but differed significantly from the summer fires. Spring fires propagated the same species that were present prior to the fire, whereas summer fires promoted a new suite of species through the germination of seedbank and high seed dispersal species. Cover and richness of seed bank and intolerant species were greatest after the summer fires, which contributed to the peak in richness found across all reproductive and tolerance attributes five years after these fires. Post summer fire composition showed shifts in composition through time. Substantial differences in the effects of burn seasonality on ground layer vegetation should be considered in long term restoration efforts to help maintain species diversity in red and white pine forest ecosystems.

Pheromones in White Pine Cone Beetle, Conophthorus coniperdu (Schwarz) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

Treesearch

Goran Birgersson; Gary L. DeBarr; Peter de Groot; Mark J. Dalusky; Harold D. Pierce; John H. Borden; Holger Meyer; Wittko Francke; Karl E. Espelie; C. Wayne Berisford

1995-01-01

Female white pine cone beetles, Conophrhorus coniperda, attacking second-year cones of eastern white pine, Pinus strobus L., produced a sex-specific pheromone that attracted conspecific males in laboratory bioassays and to field traps. Beetle response was enhanced by host monoterpenes. The female-produced compound was identified in...

The red-cockaded woodpecker cavity tree: A very special pine

Treesearch

Richard N. Conner; D. Craig Rudolph; Daniel Saenz; Robert H. Johnson

2004-01-01

The adaptation of red-cockaded woodpeckers (Picoides borealis) to fire-maintained southern pine ecosystems has included the development of behaviors that permit the species to use living pines for their cavity trees. Their adaptation to pine ecosystems has also involved a major adjustment in the species' breeding system to cooperative breeding,...

White pine blister rust at mountain home demonstration state forest: a case study of the epidemic and prospects for genetic control.

Treesearch

Bohun B. Kinloch; Dulitz Jr.

1990-01-01

The behavior of white pine blister rust at Mountain Home State Demonstration Forest and surrounding areas in the southern Sierra Nevada of California indicates that the epidemic has not yet stabilized and that the most likely prognosis is a pandemic on white pines in this region within the next few decades. The impact on sugar pines, from young regeneration to old...

Helicopter spraying with 2,4,5-T to release young white pines

Treesearch

Thomas W. McConkey

1958-01-01

When forest fires swept over southwestern Maine in 1947, some 130,000 acres of forest land were burned over. This was mostly white pine land--sites too poor to grow good hardwood stands. After the fire, white pine reproduction became established on 5,000 to 6,000 acres of this land. But by 1954 most of the young pine was suppressed or at least was in competition with...

Effects of competition from young northern hardwoods on red pine seedling growth, nutrient use efficiency, and leaf morphology

Treesearch

Katherine J. Elliott; Alan S. White

1993-01-01

The effects of competition from three northern hardwood tree species on red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) seedlings were examined on two clear-cut sites in western Maine. We examined how planted red pine seedlings altered their nutrient use efficiency and shoot morphology under changing environmental conditions and how these changes related to their...

Growth patterns of red pine on fine-textured soils.

Treesearch

David H. Alban; Donald H. Prettyman; Gary J. Brand

1987-01-01

Compares growth of 28- to 49-year-old red pine plantations on sandy and fine-textured soils. Red pine growing on these two contrasting soils did not differ in bole form, live crown ratio, or mortality, and tree growth predicted by models (STEMS and REDPINE) developed from trees growing on sandy soils worked equally well for trees growing on fine-textured soils.

Squirrel Damage to Pines

Treesearch

USDA Forest Service

1981-01-01

Flagging (dead branch tips) on jack pine and red pine may be caused by insects, diseases, or mechanical damage. In the Lake States, flagging is often the result of mechanical damage, sometimes girdling, caused when the cones are torn off by red squirrels.

Colonization behaviors of mountain pine beetle on novel hosts: Implications for range expansion into northeastern North America

PubMed Central

Venette, Robert C.; Maddox, Mitchell P.; Aukema, Brian H.

2017-01-01

As climates change, thermal limits may no longer constrain some native herbivores within their historical ranges. The mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, is a tree-killing bark beetle native to western North America that is currently expanding its range. Continued eastward expansion through the newly invaded and novel jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) trees of the Canadian boreal forest could result in exposure of several species of novel potential host pines common in northeastern North America to this oligophagous herbivore. Due to the tightly co-evolved relationship between mountain pine beetle and western pine hosts, in which the insect utilizes the defensive chemistry of the host to stimulate mass attacks, we hypothesized that lack of co-evolutionary association would affect the host attraction and acceptance behaviors of this insect among novel hosts, particularly those with little known historical association with an aggressive stem-infesting insect. We studied how beetle behavior differed among the various stages of colonization on newly cut logs of four novel potential pine host species; jack, red (P. resinosa Ait.), eastern white (P. strobus L.) and Scots (P. sylvestris L.) pines, as well as two historical hosts, ponderosa (P. ponderosa Dougl. ex. Laws. var. scopulorum Engelm.) and lodgepole (P. contorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.) pines. Overall, we found that beetle colonization behaviors at each stage in the colonization process differ between pine hosts, likely due to differing chemical and physical bark traits. Pines without co-evolved constitutive defenses against mountain pine beetle exhibited reduced amounts of defensive monoterpenoid chemicals; however, such patterns also reduced beetle attraction and colonization. Neither chemical nor physical defenses fully defended trees against the various stages of host procurement that can result in tree colonization and death. PMID:28472047

Colonization behaviors of mountain pine beetle on novel hosts: Implications for range expansion into northeastern North America.

PubMed

Rosenberger, Derek W; Venette, Robert C; Maddox, Mitchell P; Aukema, Brian H

2017-01-01

As climates change, thermal limits may no longer constrain some native herbivores within their historical ranges. The mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, is a tree-killing bark beetle native to western North America that is currently expanding its range. Continued eastward expansion through the newly invaded and novel jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) trees of the Canadian boreal forest could result in exposure of several species of novel potential host pines common in northeastern North America to this oligophagous herbivore. Due to the tightly co-evolved relationship between mountain pine beetle and western pine hosts, in which the insect utilizes the defensive chemistry of the host to stimulate mass attacks, we hypothesized that lack of co-evolutionary association would affect the host attraction and acceptance behaviors of this insect among novel hosts, particularly those with little known historical association with an aggressive stem-infesting insect. We studied how beetle behavior differed among the various stages of colonization on newly cut logs of four novel potential pine host species; jack, red (P. resinosa Ait.), eastern white (P. strobus L.) and Scots (P. sylvestris L.) pines, as well as two historical hosts, ponderosa (P. ponderosa Dougl. ex. Laws. var. scopulorum Engelm.) and lodgepole (P. contorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.) pines. Overall, we found that beetle colonization behaviors at each stage in the colonization process differ between pine hosts, likely due to differing chemical and physical bark traits. Pines without co-evolved constitutive defenses against mountain pine beetle exhibited reduced amounts of defensive monoterpenoid chemicals; however, such patterns also reduced beetle attraction and colonization. Neither chemical nor physical defenses fully defended trees against the various stages of host procurement that can result in tree colonization and death.

Developing blister rust resistance in white pines

Treesearch

Bohun B. Kinloch Jr.

2000-01-01

After a century since introduction to North America from Europe, white pine blister rust, caused by Cronartium ribicola J.C. Fisch., is recognized as one of the catastrophic plant disease epidemics in history. It has not yet stabilized and continues to spread and intensify. Its nine native white pine hosts comprise major timber producers, important...

Cubic-Foot Volume Tables for Southern Applachian White Pine Plantations

Treesearch

John P. Vimmerstedt

1961-01-01

Some of the earliest successful forest plantations in the United States were those of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus) established about 1900 on the Biltmore Estate near Asheville, North Carolina. Since that time white pine has played an increasingly important role in reforestation in the southern Appalachians. Growth is rapid, the wood is...

Southern Appalachian White Pine Plantations Site, volume, and yield

Treesearch

John P. Vimmerstedt

1962-01-01

In the early 1930's several publications focused attention on the desirable characteristics of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L. ) growing in the Southern Appalachians. In 1932 Copea reported on the excellent growth of natural and planted stands and their relative freedom from blister rust and white pine weevil. After an extensive survey he...

Genetic interactions in the white pine/blister rust pathosystem

Treesearch

Bohun B. Kinloch Jr.

2000-01-01

The nine white pine species native to North America have very different ecological roles and values, which include high quality timber production, important watershed protection, keystone ecological species, and the oldest and some of the most picturesque trees on earth. All are highly susceptible to white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola), and...

Resistance of three interspecific white pine hybrids to blister rust

Treesearch

R. Z. Callaham

1962-01-01

Three white pine hybrids exposed to infection by white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola Fischer) since 1946 have inherited the relative resistance of their parental species. The hybrids were produced from controlled pollinations in 1940 and 1941 at the Institute of Forest Genetics, Placerville, Calif. Twelve seedlings of each hybrid were...

Selection for resistance to white pine blister rust affects the abiotic stress tolerances of limber pine

Treesearch

Patrick J. Vogan; Anna W. Schoettle

2015-01-01

Limber pine (Pinus flexilis) mortality is increasing across the West as a result of the combined stresses of white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola; WPBR), mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae), and dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium cyanocarpum) in a changing climate. With the continued spread of WPBR, extensive mortality will continue with strong selection...

Monitoring white pine blister rust infection and mortality in whitebark pine in the Greater Yellowstone ecosystem

Treesearch

Cathie Jean; Erin Shanahan; Rob Daley; Gregg DeNitto; Dan Reinhart; Chuck Schwartz

2011-01-01

There is a critical need for information on the status and trend of whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE). Concerns over the combined effects of white pine blister rust (WPBR, Cronartium ribicola), mountain pine beetle (MPB, Dendroctonus ponderosae), and climate change prompted an interagency working group to design and implement...

The relationship between whitebark pine health, cone production, and nutcracker occurrence across four National Parks

Treesearch

Lauren E. Barringer; Diana F. Tomback; Michael B. Wunder

2011-01-01

Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) is declining in the central and northern Rocky Mountains from infection by the exotic pathogen Cronartium ribicola, which causes white pine blister rust, and from outbreaks of mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae). White pine blister rust has been present in Glacier and Waterton Lakes National Parks (NP) about two decades...

The influence of white pine blister rust on seed dispersal in whitebark pine

Treesearch

Shawn T. McKinney; Diana F. Tomback

2007-01-01

We tested the hypotheses that white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola J.C. Fisch.) damage in whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis Engelm.) stands leads to reduced (1) seed cone density, (2) predispersal seed survival, and (3) likelihood of Clark's Nutcracker (Nucifraga columbiana (Wilson, 1811)) seed...

AmeriFlux US-Ha1 Harvard Forest EMS Tower (HFR1)

DOE Data Explorer

Munger, J. William [Harvard University

2016-01-01

This is the AmeriFlux version of the carbon flux data for the site US-Ha1 Harvard Forest EMS Tower (HFR1). Site Description - The Harvard Forest tower is on land owned by Harvard University. The site is designated as an LTER site. Most of the surrounding area was cleared for agrigulture during European settlement in 1600-1700. The site has been regrowing since before 1900 (based on tree ring chronologies) and is now predominantly red oak and red maple, with patches of mature hemlock stand and individual white pine. Overstory trees were uprooted by hurricane in 1938. Climate measurements have been made at Harvard Forest since 1964.

Multiple diseases impact survival of pine species planted in red spine stands harvested in spatially variable retention patterns

Treesearch

M.E. Ostry; M.J. Moore; C.C. Kern; R.C. Venette; B.J. Palik

2012-01-01

Increasing the diversity of species and structure of red pine (Pinus resinosa) is often a management goal in stands simplified by practices such as fire suppression and plantation management in many areas of the Great Lakes Region. One approach to diversification is to convert predominantly even-aged, pure red pine stands to multi-cohort, mixed-...

A case study showing potential supplies of red pine sawtimber in the Lake States.

Treesearch

Thomas C. Marcin; Darrell M. Frogness

1975-01-01

Red pine sawtimber mills will increase significantly in the Lake States in the next 50 years as young stands established since the 1930's mature. The long-range effects of this increase for the Chippewa National Forest in northern Minnesota are analyzed using Timber RAM. Red pine sawtimber cut may increase eightfold in the next 50 years for the Forest.

The use of four band multispectral photography to identify forest cover types

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Downs, S. W., Jr.

1977-01-01

Four-band multispectral aerial photography and a color additive viewer were employed to identify forest cover types in Northern Alabama. The multispectral photography utilized the blue, green, red and near-infrared spectral regions and was made with black and white infrared film. On the basis of color differences alone, a differentiation between conifers and hardwoods was possible; however, supplementary information related to forest ecology proved necessary for the differentiation of various species of pines and hardwoods.

Natural regeneration in relation to environment in the mixed conifer forest type of California

Treesearch

H. A. Fowells; N. B Stark

1965-01-01

Germination, survival, and growth of ponderosa pine, sugar pine, white fir, and incense-cedar were studied in relation to such environmental factors as air and soil temperatures, light intensity, and soil moisture. The germination of ponderosa pine was best, followed by sugar pine, incense-cedar, and white fir. After 5 years, sugar pine had the highest survival rate,...

White Pine Site Index for the Southern Forest Survey

Treesearch

Bernard R. Parresol; John S. Vissage

1998-01-01

Second-growth white pine age-height data a A base-ageinvariant polymorphic site index equation was used to model the white pine (Pinus strobus L.) site-quality data provided by Frothingham (1914). These data are the accepted standard used by the Southern Forest Inventory and Analysis unit of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. An all...

Effect of white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola) and rust-resistance breeding on genetic variation in western white pine Pinus monticola)

Treesearch

M. -S. Kim; S. J. Brunsfeld; G. I. McDonald; N. B. Klopfenstein

2003-01-01

Western white pine (Pinus monticola) is an economically and ecologically important species from western North America that has declined over the past several decades mainly due to the introduction of blister rust (Cronartium ribicola) and reduced opportunities for regeneration. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) was used...

Insect-induced crystallization of white pine resins. I. white-pine weevil

Treesearch

Frank S., Jr. Santamour

1965-01-01

In breeding programs designed to produce insect-resistant plants, a serious obstacle to progress often is the lack of efficient selection and testing criteria. Natural infestations of some insects are large and severe enough to allow selection of resistant plants directly from the natural plant population. However, the attacks of the white-pine weevil (...

Possibilities of breeding weevil-resistant white pine strains

Treesearch

Jonathan W. Wright; William J. Gabriel

1959-01-01

Eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) is a highly versatile species. It is easily planted, adaptable to a wide variety of soils and climates, and reproduces itself well. Also it grows rapidly and is capable of producing high-quality lumber. These characteristics once entitled white pine to a top position in the forest economy throughout much of the...

Characteristics of Blister Rust Cankers on Eastern White Pine

Treesearch

William R. Phelps; Ray Weber

1969-01-01

The growth, development, and sporulation of white pine blister rust cankers were studied on eastern white pine in Wisconsin and Minnesota. Three district canker types were identified on the basis of physical appearance, growth rate, and sporulation. Canker growth rate and sporulation decreased as tree size or age increased, and many cankers apparently became inactive...

First report of the white pine blister rust fungus, Cronartium ribicola, infecting Ribes inerme in north-central Utah

Treesearch

D. R. Vogler; B. W. Geils; K. Coats

2017-01-01

Cronartium ribicola Fisch. has not been found infecting any of the five-needle white pines (Pinus subgenus Strobus) in Utah, despite being established on both white pine and Ribes hosts in the other 10 western states, defined as those west of the 102° meridian.

Silicone antitranspirant increases susceptibility of eastern white pine to the white pine weevil

Treesearch

Ronald C. Wilkinson

1975-01-01

Spraying 16-year-old eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) growing in a geographic seed-source test plantation with 10-percent silicone antitranspirant emulsion effectively increased internal water balance during the growing season when compared to control trees of the same seed sources that received no treatment. Extreme silicone toxicity was...

Managing western white pine plantations for multiple resource objectives

Treesearch

Russell T. Graham; Jonalea R. Tonn; Theresa B. Jain

1994-01-01

Western white pine (Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don) continues to be one of the most important coniferous tree species growing in Northern Rocky Mountain forests. Because large wildfires occurred early in the 1900s, many plantations of western white pine with varying levels of resistance to blister rust (Cronartium ribicola Fisch.) were established. Thinning these...

Second-growth western white pine stands

Treesearch

Richard F. Watt

1960-01-01

The western white pine type is the most valuable timber cover type of the Inland Empire. The large volumes per acre, greater than those found in any associated type, and the high value of the type species, western white pine (Pinus monticola Dougl.), combine to give stumpage returns that greatly exceed those of other regional types, lagging in the mountainous country...

Evaluation of promoters and visual markers for transformation of eastern white pine

Treesearch

Allan Zipf; Alex M. Diner; Rufina Ward; Suman Bharara; George Brown; R. Nagmani; L.K. Pareek; Govind C. Sharma

2001-01-01

This report serves to evaluate possible promoters for use in the production of trmsgenic eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.). Embryogenic cultures of eastern white pine were bombarded with gold particles coated separately with a variety of gene constructs containing the Uida B-glucoronidase (GUS) or green flourescent protein (GFP) reporter gene....

Early evidence of weevil resistance in some clones and hybrids of white pine

Treesearch

Peter W. Garrett

1970-01-01

White pine species and hybrids are being tested for inherent resistance to the white-pine weevil. First-year results offer hopes of finding or developing resistance in this group. Pinus monticola had a low level of weeviling, while the hybrid between P. strobes X P. wallichiana was heavily weeviled. There is...

Molecular and genetic basis for partial resistance of western white pine against Cronartium ribicola.

Treesearch

Jun-Jun Liu; Arezoo Zamany; Richard Sniezko

2012-01-01

Western white pine (Pinus monticola Douglas ex D. Don) is an important forest species in North America. Forest genetics programs have been breeding for durable genetic resistance against white pine blister rust (WPBR) caused by Cronartium ribicola in the past few decades. As various genetic resistance resources are screened and...

Genetic structure, diversity, and inbreeding of eastern white pine under different management conditions

Treesearch

Paula E. Marquardt; Craig S. Echt; Bryan K. Epperson; Dan M. Pubanz

2007-01-01

Resource sustainability requires a thorough understanding of the influence of forest management programs on the conservation of genetic diversity in tree populations. To observe how differences in forest structure affect the genetic structure of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.), we evaluated six eastern white pine sites across the 234000 acre (1...

Pruning to manage white pine blister rust in the southern Rocky Mountains

Treesearch

Amanda Crump; William R. Jacobi; Kelly S. Burns; Brian E. Howell

2011-01-01

White pine blister rust is an exotic, invasive disease that severely damages and kills white pines in the southern Rocky Mountains. We evaluated the efficacy of preventive pruning (removing lower branches) and/or sanitation pruning (removing cankered branches) to reduce disease impacts in limber (Pinus flexilis James) and Rocky Mountain bristlecone (P. aristata Englm...

White pines, Ribes, and blister rust: a review and synthesis

Treesearch

Brian W. Geils; Kim E. Hummer; Richard S. Hunt

2010-01-01

For over a century, white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola) has linked white pines (Strobus) with currants and gooseberries (Ribes) in a complex and serious disease epidemic in Asia, Europe, and North America. Because of ongoing changes in climate, societal demands for forests and their amenities, and scientific advances in genetics and proteomics, our current...

Western white pine growth relative to forest openings

Treesearch

Theresa B. Jain; Russell T. Graham; Penelope Morgan

2004-01-01

In northern Rocky Mountains moist forests, timber harvesting, fire exclusion, and an introduced stem disease have contributed to the decline in western white pine (Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don) abundance (from 90% to 10% of the area). Relations between canopy openings (0.1-15 ha) and western white pine growth within different physical settings are identified....

Nonhost angiosperm volatiles and verbenone protect individual ponderosa pines from attack by western pine beetle and red turpentine beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae)

Treesearch

Christopher J. Fettig; Christopher P. Dabney; Stepehen R. McKelvey; Dezene P.W. Huber

2008-01-01

Nonhost angiosperm volatiles (NAV) and verbenone were tested for their ability to protect individual ponderosa pines, Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex. Laws., from attack by western pine beetle (WPB), Dendroctonus brevicomis LeConte, and red turpentine beetle (RTB), Dendroctonus valens LeConte (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae). A combination of (

Eastern Pine Shoot Borer

Treesearch

Louis F. Wilson

1978-01-01

The eastern pineshoot borer Eucosma gloriola Heinrich 2, also known as the white pine tip moth, American pine shoot moth, white pine shoot borer, and Tordeuse americaine, du pin, injures young conifers in Northeastern North America. Because it infests the new shoots of sapling conifers, this insect is particularly destructive on planted trees destined for the Christmas...

Soil variation and sampling intensity under red pine and aspen in Minnesota.

Treesearch

David H. Alban

1974-01-01

In red pine or aspen stands only two soil samples were needed to estimate (+/- 10%, 95% confidence) pH, bulk density, or sand, but 25 to 60 samples were required to estimate N, P, K, Ca, Mg, available water, or silt + clay. To estimate most forest floor properties required 30 to 50 samples in red pine stands, but only about half as many in aspen stands.

The Introduced Pine Sawfly, a Defoliator of White Pine New to North Carolina

Treesearch

A.T. Drooz; C.A. Doggett; H.C. Coppel

1979-01-01

The introduced pine sawfly, Diprion similis (Hartig), was reported in North Carolina for the first time in 1978. The initial finding was of the cocoon stage in the autumn of 1977 at Linville Falls. It is a European species that defoliates eastern white pine in this country and is capable of damaging hard pines. A brief account of its description, hosts, life history,...

Species-site suitability of shortleaf, white, and Virginia pine

Treesearch

J. K. Francis

1979-01-01

Three important pines of the interior South, shortleaf, white, and Virginia pines, have somewhat different habitat requirements. This paper is a literature review of their natural range, growth rates, and edaphic and climatic requirements for establishment and growth.

Value loss from weevil-caused defects in eastern white pine lumber

Treesearch

Myron D. Ostrander; Carl H. Stoltenberg

1957-01-01

Owners of eastern white pine stands suffer financially in several ways from attacks by the white-pine weevil (Pissodes strobi). Crooks, forks, and other weevil-caused tree-bole deformities increase bucking, logging, and sawing costs, and they reduce recoverable volumes. The injuries also reduce the average value of the lumber recovered. It is only with this reduction...

77 FR 76516 - Notice of Availability of the Record of Decision for the Clark, Lincoln, and White Pine Counties...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-28

... Clark, Lincoln, and White Pine Counties Groundwater Development Project Right- of-Way, NV AGENCY: Bureau... (BLM) announces the availability of the Record of Decision (ROD) for the Clark, Lincoln, and White Pine... in Lincoln, and Clark counties, Nevada for this project. The ROW grant will authorize the use of...

Modeling the potential distribution of white pine blister rust in the central Rocky Mountains.

Treesearch

Holly S. J. Kearns; William R. Jacobi

2006-01-01

Cronartium ribicola (J. C. Fischer ex Rabh.), the causal agent of white pine blister rust (WPBR), was introduced to western North America via infected nursery stock imported from France to Point Grey near Vancouver, British Columbia (Mielke 1943). Primary infection of white pines occurs on the needles where fungal spores land, enter through stomata,...

Biology and pathology of Ribes and their implications for management of white pine blister rust

Treesearch

P. J. Zambino

2010-01-01

Ribes (currants and gooseberries) are telial hosts for the introduced and invasive white pine blister rust fungus, Cronartium ribicola. Knowledge of wild and introduced Ribes helps us understand the epidemiology of blister rust on its aecial hosts, white pines, and develop disease control and management strategies. Ribes differ by species in their contribution to...

Current and future molecular approaches to investigate the white pine blister rust pathosystem

Treesearch

B. A. Richardson; A. K. M. Ekramoddoulah; J.-J. Liu; M.-S. Kim; N. B. Klopfenstein

2010-01-01

Molecular genetics is proving to be especially useful for addressing a wide variety of research and management questions on the white pine blister rust pathosystem. White pine blister rust, caused by Cronartium ribicola, is an ideal model for studying biogeography, genetics, and evolution because: (1) it involves an introduced pathogen; (2) it includes multiple primary...

Early Growth of Eastern White Pine Seed Sources in the Lake States

Treesearch

James P. King; Hans Nienstaedt

1968-01-01

In 5-year-old test plantations in Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan, eastern white pine seedlings from seed sources that are fast-growing in one location are not necessarily fast-growing in other locations. Until more intensive studies of the Lake States seed sources can be made, foresters should confine collection of white pine seed to local stands.

Second-growth white pine in Wisconsin

Treesearch

S.R. Gervorkiantz; Raphael. Zon

1930-01-01

If white pine forests are to be made an important source of timber in the state either through planting or the proper handling of stands already established, it is essential to have the facts regarding the commercial possibilities of this tree. The facts which must be ascertained first of all are, how long does it take white pine to become merchantable, and what are...

HOW TO Identify White Pine Blister Rust and Remove Cankers

Treesearch

Thomas H. Nicholls; Robert L. Anderson

1977-01-01

White pine blister rust (caused by the fungus Cronartium ribicola J. C. Fisch. ex Rabenh.) was introduced into the United States about 1900 and has since spread throughout the range of white pine. The disease intensity varies throughout the range but is normally most severe where late summers (July-September) are cool (below 67? F) and damp, conditions necessary for...

Aiding blister rust control by silvicultural measures in the western white pine type

Treesearch

Virgil D. Moss; Charles A. Wellner

1953-01-01

The forest industry of the Inland Empire depends on the production of western white pine (Pinus monticola Dougl.) as a major species. Continued production of this tree is impossible unless white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola Fischer) is controlled. Existing merchantable timber can and probably will be harvested before serious losses occur, but the young growth...

White pine blister rust resistance in limber pine: Evidence for a major gene

Treesearch

A. W. Schoettle; R. A. Sniezko; A. Kegley; K. S. Burns

2014-01-01

Limber pine (Pinus flexilis) is being threatened by the lethal disease white pine blister rust caused by the non-native pathogen Cronartium ribicola. The types and frequencies of genetic resistance to the rust will likely determine the potential success of restoration or proactive measures. These first extensive inoculation trials using individual tree seed collections...

Resistance to white pine blister rust in Pinus flexilis and P

Treesearch

Anna W. Schoettle; Richard A. Sniezko; Angelia Kegley; Jerry Hill; Kelly S. Burns

2010-01-01

The non-native fungus Cronartium ribicola, that causes white pine blister rust (WPBR), is impacting or threatening limber pine, Pinus flexilis, and Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine, Pinus aristata. In the Southern Rockies, where the rust invasion is still expanding, we have the opportunity to be proactive and prepare the landscape for invasion. Genetic...

Biodiversity losses: The downward spiral

USGS Publications Warehouse

Tomback, Diana F.; Kendall, Katherine C.; Tomback, Diana F.; Arno, Stephen F.; Keane, Robert E.

2001-01-01

The dramatic decline of whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) populations in the northwestern United States and southwestern Canada from the combined effects of fire exclusion, mountain pine beetles (Dendroctonus ponderosae), and white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola), and the projected decline of whitebark pine populations rangewide (Chapters 10 and 11) do not simply add up to local extirpations of a single tree species. Instead, the loss of whitebark pine has broad ecosystem-level consequences, eroding local plant and animal biodiversity, changing the time frame of succession, and altering the distribution of subalpine vegetation (Chapter 1). One potential casualty of this decline may be the midcontinental populations of the grizzly bear (Ursus arctos horribilis), which use whitebark pine seeds as a major food source (Chapter 7). Furthermore, whitebark pine is linked to other white pine ecosystems in the West through its seed-disperser, Clark's nutcracker (Nucifraga columbiana) (Chapter 5). Major declines in nutcracker populations ultimately seal the fate of several white pine ecosystems, and raise the question of whether restoration is possible once a certain threshold of decline is reached.

Sphaeropsis Collar Rot of Red and Jack Pines

Treesearch

Glen Stanosz; Linda Haugen; Joseph O' Brien

2002-01-01

Sphaeropsis collar rot has been detected in red and jack pines in Wisconsin and Michigan, and it could be affecting pines in other states. This disease may be less familiar than Sphaeropsis shoot blight, but both the incidence and the distribution of collar rot appear to be increasing.

Forest Watch: A K-12 Outreach Program to Engage Pre-College Students in Authentic, Hands-On Science

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gagnon, M. T.; Rock, B. N.

2009-12-01

The Forest Watch Program is a K-12 hands-on science outreach program developed at the University of New Hampshire (UNH) in 1991. The program has engaged students and their teachers in assisting researchers at UNH in the assessment of the state-of-health of white pine (Pinus strobus), a known bio-indicator species for exposure to elevated levels of ground-level ozone. Students are introduced to the scientific method while participating in an authentic on-going research program. The program was designed in partnership with participating teachers, and thus the field and classroom activities meet specific New England state science and mathematics curricula standards for K-12 education. Student participation in Forest Watch has resulted in an improved understanding and characterization of inter-annual white pine response to changes in air quality across the region over the past two decades. Forest Watch, students participate in three types of activities: 1. the analysis of remote sensing data (Landsat TM) provided for their local area using MultiSpec freeware. Through image processing, students learn the concepts of spatial and spectral resolution; how to identify landcover features; how plants interact with visible and infrared energy; and how to use this information to determine vegetation types and identify vegetation conditions. 2. students select 5 white pine trees to be permanently tagged near their school within a 30x30 meter (pixel sized sampling plot - the spatial resolution of the TM dataset), followed by collection and analysis of needle samples, and a suite of forest plot biometric measurements such as tree height, diameter at breast height (DBH), and canopy closure and ground cover. 3. the students send a set of their needle samples to UNH for spectral analysis of key reflectance features such as the Red Edge Inflection Point (REIP), the TM 5/4 moisture stress index, and the NIR 3/1. Over 250 schools from all six New England states have participated in the program over the past 19 years. Combining student-derived data plus the reflectance indices and other spectral measures, allows UNH researchers to characterize annual variations in tree state-of-health and relate it to the previous summer’s ozone levels. Results from annual student-provided data between 1991 and 2008 suggest that regional air quality and the state-of-health of white pine have improved since 1991. This improvement in white pine health corresponds with improved regional air quality, in part due to the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendment.

Restoration and management of eastern white pine within high blister rust hazard zones in the Lake States

Treesearch

S. A. Katovich; J. G. O' Brien; M. E. Mielke; M. E. Ostry

2004-01-01

In areas considered high hazard for blister rust in the northern Lake States, six white pine plantings were established between 1989 and 1999 to: (1) evaluate the impacts of blister rust, white pine weevil, browsing, and competition stress on tree growth and survival, and (2) evaluate the effectiveness of genetic and silvicultural strategies to minimize damage. The...

Sex Pheromone of Conophthorus ponderosae (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in a Coastal Stand of Western White Pine (Pinaceae)

Treesearch

Daniel R. Miller; Harold D. Pierce; Peter de Groot; Nicole Jeans-Williams; Robb Bennett; John H. Borden

2000-01-01

An isolated stand of western white pine, Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don, on Texada Island (49°40'N, 124°10'W), British Columbia, is extremely valuable as a seed-production area for progeny resistant to white pine blister rust, Cronartium ribicola J.C. Fisch. (Cronartiaceae). During the past 5 years, cone beetles, ...

Assessment of abiotic and biotic factors associated with eastern white pine ( Pinus strobus L.) dieback in the Southern Appalachian Mountains

Treesearch

Ashley N. Schulz; Angela M. Mech; Christopher Asaro; David R. Coyle; Michelle M. Cram; Rima D. Lucardi; Kamal J.K. Gandhi

2018-01-01

A novel and emerging eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) dieback phenomenon is occurring in the Southern Appalachian Mountains in the eastern United States. Symptomatic eastern white pine trees exhibit canopy thinning, branch dieback, and cankers on the branches and bole. These symptoms are often associated with the presence of a scale insect, Matsucoccus...

Eastern White Pine Flowering in Response to Spray Application of Gibbrellin A4/7 or ProconeTM

Treesearch

Paula M. Pijut

2002-01-01

Eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) is an important forestry species in the northeastern and midwestern United States and in eastern Canada. Induction of early and reliable flowering and cone production will shorten the breeding cycle and aid in the development of genetically improved white pine. The objective of this study was to determine if a...

Needle reactions in resistance to Cronartium ribicola: Hypersensitivity response or not?

Treesearch

Katarina Sweeney; Jeffrey Stone; Kathy Cook; Richard A. Sniezko; Angelia Kegley; Anna W. Schoettle

2012-01-01

White pine blister rust (WPBR) is caused by the fungal pathogen Cronartium ribicola. The pathogen is native to Eurasia and was introduced to North America early in the 20th century and is still spreading destructively throughout the range of native western white pines (Douglas ex D. Don) (McDonald and Hoff 2001). All of the North American five-needle (white) pines are...

4.4.5S: Genetic interactions of white pines and blister rust in western North America

Treesearch

Bohun B. Kinloch Jr.

1998-01-01

A century since its introduction to North America from Europe, white pine blister rust has come to be recognized as one of the catastrophic plant disease epidemics in history. It has yet to stabilize, continuing to spread and intensify. The nine native white pine hosts comprise major timber producers, important watershed protectors, keystone ecological species, and the...

Field levels of infection of progenies of western white pines selected for blister rust resistance

Treesearch

R. J. Steinhoff

1971-01-01

Western white pine trees resulting from crosses of parents selected for phenotypic resistance to Cronartium ribicola J. C. Fisch. ex Rabenh., the white pine blister rust, were inspected for rust infection after 11 to 15 years in two field plots. When compared to controls and to natural reproduction, the progenies of crosses involving trees that exhibited general...

A preliminary hazard model of white pine blister rust for the Sacramento Ranger District, Lincoln National Forest

Treesearch

Brian W. Geils; David A. Conklin; Eugene P. van Arsdel

1999-01-01

Blister rust, caused by the introduced fungus Cronartium ribicola, is a serious disease of white pines in North America. Since about 1970, an outbreak has been increasing in the Sacramento Mountains of southern New Mexico and threatens southwestern white pine. To help determine the expected extent and impact of blister rust, we propose a preliminary...

Strong partial resistance to white pine blister rust in sugar pine

Treesearch

Bohun B. Kinloch, Jr.; Deems Burton; Dean A. Davis; Robert D. Westfall; Joan Dunlap; Detlev Vogler

2012-01-01

Quantitative resistance to white pine blister rust in 128 controlled- and open-pollinated sugar pine families was evaluated in a “disease garden”, where alternate host Ribes bushes were interplanted among test progenies. Overall infection was severe (88%), but with great variation among and within families: a 30-fold range in numbers of infections...

Distribution and frequency of a gene for resistance to white pine blister rust in natural populations of sugar pine

Treesearch

Bohun B. Kinloch Jr.

1992-01-01

The gametic frequency of a dominant allcle (R) for resistance to white pine blister rust, a disease caused by an introduced pathogen (Cronartium ribicola), in natural populations of sugar pine was estimated by the kind of leaf symptom expressed after artificial inoculation of wind-pollinated seedlings from susceptible seed-parent...

Random amplified polymorphic DNA markers tightly linked to a gene for resistance to white pine blister rust in sugar pine

Treesearch

Michael E. Devey; Annette Delfino-Mix1; Bohun B. Kinloch; David B. NEALEt

1995-01-01

We have genetically mapped a gene for resistance to white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola Fisch.) in sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana Dougl.) by using an approach which relies on three factors: (i) the ability to assay for genetic markers in the haploid stage of the host's life cycle, using...

Threats, status & management options for bristlecone pines and limber pines in Southern Rockies

Treesearch

A. W. Schoettle; K. S. Burns; F. Freeman; R. A. Sniezko

2006-01-01

High-elevation white pines define the most remote alpine-forest ecotones in western North America yet they are not beyond the reach of a lethal non-native pathogen. The pathogen (Cronartium ribicola), a native to Asia, causes the disease white pine blister rust (WPBR) and was introduced into western Canada in 1910. Whitebark (Pinus albicaulis) and...

Expanding options for reforestation of the Cumberland Plateau

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

McGee, C.E.

1980-01-01

Stems of d.b.h. 4 inches or greater in a low quality stand in Tennessee dominated by white and scarlet oak (Quercus coccinea) were sheared in September-November 1976, chipped, and removed. Sawtimber quality trees (30) in the 37-acre area were felled separately by conventional methods. Residual trees (2-3 inches d.b.h., ht. over 4.5 ft) in some areas were injected with herbicide. One-acre plots were planted with 1+0 loblolly pine, 2+0 white pine (Pinus strobus), or 1+0 yellow poplar, or left to regenerate naturally. After 2 years, survival of all trees was good (83% or over) and average height of loblolly pine,more » yellow poplar and desirable natural stems (white, scarlet or black oak, Quercus velutina) was 3.3 ft, significantly different from that of white pine (1.5 ft). It is concluded that poor quality stands can be cheaply improved by this method, although release from competing vegetation may be necessary, especially in the case of white pine.« less

Pole blight - a new disease of western white pine

Treesearch

C. A. Wellner

1947-01-01

Pole blight is a killer. Apparently attacking pole-size western white pine trees of any vigor or crown class, it seems to require from one to ten years to kill a tree. White pine is generally believed to be the only species susceptible, although there is a possibility that grand fir and Douglas-fir also may be attacked. Not enough time has elapsed for us to say how...

Genetic diversity and structure of western white pine (Pinus monticola) in North America: A baseline study for conservation, restoration, and addressing impacts of climate change

Treesearch

Mee-Sook Kim; Bryce A. Richardson; Geral I. McDonald; Ned B. Klopfenstein

2010-01-01

Western white pine (Pinus monticola) is an economically and ecologically important species in western North America that has declined in prominence over the past several decades, mainly due to the introduction of Cronartium ribicola (cause of white pine blister rust) and reduced opportunities for regeneration. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers were...

Oleoresin crystallization in eastern white pine: relationships with chemical components of cortical oleoresin and resistance to the white-pine weevil

Treesearch

Ronald C. Wilkinson

1979-01-01

Natural and weevil-larva-induced crystallization of oleoresin from 45 eastern white pine trees with known resin acid and monoterpene composition, and from 59 pairs of nonweeviled and heavily weeviled trees from the same seed sources, was examined in mid- and late spring. Very little difference was found between larva-induced and natural crystallization. Strobic acid-...

Release of 7-year-old underplanted white pine using hexazinone applied with a spot gun

Treesearch

G. W. Wendel; J. N. Kochenderfer; J. N. Kochenderfer

1988-01-01

Hexazinone, Velpar-L?, applied at rates of 1 .O, 1.5, and 1.75 ml per spot, controlled competing hardwoods around 7-year-old underplanted white pine. Growth response was more pronounced when hexazinone was applied to release individual pines than when the entire area was treated on a 6 by 6- foot grid. In most cases, hexazinone killed white oak, chestnut oak, American...

Converting hardwoods on poor sites to white pine by planting and direct seeding

Treesearch

G.W. Wendel; G.W. Wendel

1971-01-01

Until recently, conversion of hardwood stands on poor sites to white pine (Pinus strobus L.) was limited mostly to natural white pine reproduction released from a hardwood overstory, either by killing the hardwoods or by removing them through a timber sale. However, in our effort to increase the returns from poor sites in West Virginia (oak site index 45 to 60) we have...

Landscape-scale effects of fire severity on mixed-conifer and red fir forest structure in Yosemite National Park

USGS Publications Warehouse

Kane, Van R.; Lutz, James A.; Roberts, Susan L.; Smith, Douglas F.; McGaughey, Robert J.; Povak, Nicholas A.; Brooks, Matthew L.

2013-01-01

While fire shapes the structure of forests and acts as a keystone process, the details of how fire modifies forest structure have been difficult to evaluate because of the complexity of interactions between fires and forests. We studied this relationship across 69.2 km2 of Yosemite National Park, USA, that was subject to 32 fires ⩾40 ha between 1984 and 2010. Forests types included ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), white fir-sugar pine (Abies concolor/Pinus lambertiana), and red fir (Abies magnifica). We estimated and stratified burned area by fire severity using the Landsat-derived Relativized differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (RdNBR). Airborne LiDAR data, acquired in July 2010, measured the vertical and horizontal structure of canopy material and landscape patterning of canopy patches and gaps. Increasing fire severity changed structure at the scale of fire severity patches, the arrangement of canopy patches and gaps within fire severity patches, and vertically within tree clumps. Each forest type showed an individual trajectory of structural change with increasing fire severity. As a result, the relationship between estimates of fire severity such as RdNBR and actual changes appears to vary among forest types. We found three arrangements of canopy patches and gaps associated with different fire severities: canopy-gap arrangements in which gaps were enclosed in otherwise continuous canopy (typically unburned and low fire severities); patch-gap arrangements in which tree clumps and gaps alternated and neither dominated (typically moderate fire severity); and open-patch arrangements in which trees were scattered across open areas (typically high fire severity). Compared to stands outside fire perimeters, increasing fire severity generally resulted first in loss of canopy cover in lower height strata and increased number and size of gaps, then in loss of canopy cover in higher height strata, and eventually the transition to open areas with few or no trees. However, the estimated fire severities at which these transitions occurred differed for each forest type. Our work suggests that low severity fire in red fir forests and moderate severity fire in ponderosa pine and white fir-sugar pine forests would restore vertical and horizontal canopy structures believed to have been common prior to the start of widespread fire suppression in the early 1900s. The fusion of LiDAR and Landsat data identified post-fire structural conditions that would not be identified by Landsat alone, suggesting a broad applicability of combining Landsat and LiDAR data for landscape-scale structural analysis for fire management.

Genetic mapping of Pinus flexilis major gene (Cr4) for resistance to white pine blister rust using transcriptome-based SNP genotyping

Treesearch

Jun-Jun Liu; Anna W. Schoettle; Richard A. Sniezko; Rona N. Sturrock; Arezoo Zamany; Holly Williams; Amanda Ha; Danelle Chan; Bob Danchok; Douglas P. Savin; Angelia Kegley

2016-01-01

Linkage of DNA markers with phenotypic traits provides essential information to dissect clustered genes with potential phenotypic contributions in a target genome region. Pinus flexilis E. James (limber pine) is a keystone five-needle pine species in mountain-top ecosystems of North America. White pine blister rust (WPBR), caused by a non-native fungal...

The distribution and incidence of white pine blister rust in central and southeastern Wyoming and northern Colorado

Treesearch

Holly S. J. Kearns; William R. Jacobi

2007-01-01

A survey of limber pine (Pinus flexilis James) to determine the geographic distribution, incidence, and severity of white pine blister rust (WPBR) throughout 13 study areas in central and southeastern Wyoming and northern Colorado was conducted from 2002 to 2004. The majority (81.1%) of the 18719 surveyed limber pines>1.37 m tall were classified...

Injury to white pine crowns in northern New England in 1955

Treesearch

R. W., Jr. Wilson

1956-01-01

Unusual development of white pine terminal shoots - due to some sort of damage - was observed during the summer of 1955 throughout northern New England. In at least one instance it was also observed in pitch pine, and it may have occurred in other species.

Habitat selection of a declining white-tailed deer herd in the central Black Hills, South Dakota and Wyoming

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Deperno, Christopher Shannon

Habitat selection, survival rates, the Black Hills National Forest Habitat Capability Model (HABCAP), and the USDA Forest Service Geographic Information System (GIS) data base were evaluated for a declining white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus dacotensis) herd in the central Black Hills of South Dakota and Wyoming. From July 1993 through July 1996, 73 adult and yearling female and 12 adult and yearling male white-tailed deer were radiocollared and visually monitored. Habitat information was collected at 4,662 white-tailed deer locations and 1,087 random locations. Natural mortality (71%) was the primary cause of female mortality, followed by harvest (22.5%) and accidental causes (6.5%). More females died in spring (53.2%) than in fall (22.6%), winter (14.5%), or summer (9.7%). Male mortality resulted from hunting in fall (66.7%) and natural causes in spring (33.3%). Survival rates for all deer by year were 62.1% in 1993, 51.1% in 1994, 56.4% in 1995, and 53.9% in 1996 and were similar (P = 0.691) across years. During winter, white-tailed deer selected ponderosa pine- (Pinus ponderosa ) deciduous and burned pine cover types. Overstory-understory habitats selected included pine/grass-forb, pine/bearberry (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi), pine/snowberry (Symphoricarpos albus), burned pine/grass-forb, and pine/shrub habitats. Structural stages selected included sapling-pole pine stands with >70% canopy cover, burned pine sapling-pole and saw-timber stands with <40% canopy cover. Bedding locations were represented by saw-timber pine structural stages with >40% canopy cover and all sapling-pole pine structural stages; sapling-pole stands with >70% canopy cover received the greatest use. White-tailed deer primarily fed in pine saw-timber structural stage with less than 40% canopy cover. Overall, selected habitats contained lower amounts of grass/forb, shrubs, and litter than random locations. Male and female deer generally bedded in areas that were characterized by greater horizontal cover than feeding and random sites. When feeding and bedding sites were combined males selected areas that were characterized by greater levels of horizontal cover than females. During summer, white-tailed deer selected pine-deciduous, aspen (Populus tremuloides), aspen-coniferous, spruce (Picea glauca), and spruce-deciduous cover types. Overstory-understory habitats selected included pine/juniper (Juniperus communis), aspen/shrubs, spruce/juniper, and spruce/shrub habitats. Structural stages selected included pine, aspen, and spruce sapling pole stands with all levels (0--40%, 41--70%, 71--100%) of canopy cover. All habitat types (i.e., pine, aspen, and spruce) were used as bedding locations with pine sapling-pole structural stages with >70% canopy cover used most, whereas pine saw-timber structural stage with less than 40% canopy cover was primarily used for feeding. Females bedded in areas that were characterized by greater horizontal cover than feeding and random sites, whereas male feeding sites had greater horizontal cover characteristics than bedding or random locations.

Effect of compression wood on leaching of chromium, copper, and arsenic from CCA-C treated red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.)

Treesearch

S. Nami. Kartal; Stan. Lebow

2000-01-01

In this study, the effect of compression wood formation on the release rate of chromium, copper, and arsenic elements from red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait) was investigated. Wood blocks from red pine containing compression and normal wood portions were treated with a 1.0% CCA-C solution and were then allowed to fix at 23 * 2*C (74 * 4*F) for 0, 6, 24, 48, 96, 192, and 336...

Survival and growth of direct-seeded and natural northern red oak after c1earcutting a mature red pine plantation

Treesearch

R.D. Shipman; D.B. Dimarcello

1991-01-01

Initiated in 1985, a study was designed to evaluate the effects of site preparation (rototilling) and logging slash on 5-year survival and growth of natural and direct-seeded northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) after clearcutting a mature, 45-year-old red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) plantation in central Pennsylvania.

Restoring of white pine in Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan

Treesearch

Michael E. Ostry

2000-01-01

White pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola J. C. Fisch) (WPBR) was discovered on Ribes L. in New York in 1906, although it was accidentially introduced from Europe on pine (Pinus L.) seedlings. The spread of this destructive fungus has changed the focus in North America. After decades of reduced planting...

Spatial and population genetic structure of microsatellites in white pine

Treesearch

Paula E. Marquardt; Bryan K. Epperson

2004-01-01

We evaluated the population genetic structure of seven microsatellite loci for old growth and second growth populations of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus). From each population, located within Hartwick Pines State Park, Grayling, Michigan, USA, 120-122 contiguous trees were sampled for genetic analysis. Within each population, genetic diversity...

Avian community response to southern pine ecosystem restoration for red-cockaded woodpeckers

Treesearch

Richard N. Conner; Clifford E. Shackelford; Richard R. Schaefer; Daniel Saenz; D. Craig Rudolph

2002-01-01

The effects of Red-cockaded Woodpecker (Picoides borealis) management on nontarget birds is not widely known. Intensive managentcnt for pine specialists such as the Red-cockaded Woodpecker may negatively impact both Nearctic-Neotropical and Temperate Zone migrants associated with hardwood vegetation. To evaluate possible positive and...

Habitat use and avoidance by foraging red-cockaded woodpeckers in east Texas

Treesearch

John N. Macey; D. Brent Burt; Daniel Saenz; Richard N. Conner

2016-01-01

Picoides borealis (Red-cockaded Woodpecker) is an endangered bird endemic to the Pinus (pine) ecosystems of the southeastern US. Mature pine savannahs with a minimal midstory and lush herbaceous groundcover represent high-quality habitat. This study examines the foraging-habitat patterns of Red-cockaded Woodpeckers in East...

Status of the Red-cockaded Woodpecker in Texas, 1985-1987

Treesearch

Brent Ortego; Richard N. Conner; Craig Rudolph

1988-01-01

The Red-cockaded Woodpecker (Picoides borealis) was once a common species across the Southeastern United States. The species is specialized to live in old growth, open, park-like stands of pine. As the virgin pine forests in Texas were harvested, Red-cockaded Woodpecker populations declined (Hooper et al. 1980).

Losses of red-cockaded woodpecker cavity trees to southern pine beetles

Treesearch

Richard N. Conner; D. Craig Rudolph

1995-01-01

Over an 1 l-year period (1983-1993), we examined the southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis) infestation rate of single Red-cockaded Woodpecker (Picoides borealis) cavity trees on the Angelina National Forest in Texas. Southern pine beetles infested and killed 38 cavity trees during this period. Typically, within each cavity tree cluster, beetles infested only...

Red band needle blight of pines...a tentative appraisal for California

Treesearch

Willis W. Wagener

1967-01-01

Since it first appeared in Tanganyika in 1957, red band needle blight has become a major forest disease around the world. Apparently spread by high altitude winds, the blight has been found killing Monterey and other pines in California's northwest coastal counties. About 30 pine species are susceptible. Caused by the fungus Dothistroma pini (...

Longleaf pine characteristics associated with arthropods available for red-cockaded woodpeckers

Treesearch

James L. Hanula; Kathleen E. Franzreb; William D Pepper

2000-01-01

Red-cockaded woodpeckers (Picoides borealis) forage on the boles of living pine trees for a variety of arthropods. To assess the availability of prey under differing stand conditions, the authors sampled arthropods that crawled up the boles of 300 living longleaf pine trees (Pinus palustris) ranging in age from 20 to 100 years with...

Effect of source, drying method and treatment schedule on treatability of red pine

Treesearch

Stan Lebow; Cherilyn Hatfield; Steve Halverson

2006-01-01

Although sapwood of pine species is generally considered to be readily treated with preservatives, penetration is sometimes variable. The cause of this variability is poorly understood. This study evaluated the effect of geographic source, method of drying, and treatment parameters on penetration of a preservative in red pine lumber. Lumber from Wisconsin and Michigan...

Comparison of arthropod prey of red-cockaded woodpeckers on the boles of long-leaf and loblolly pines

Treesearch

Scott Horn; James L. Hanula

2002-01-01

Red-cockaded woodpeckers (Picoides borealis) forage on the boles of most southern pines. Woodpeckers may select trees based on arthropod availability, yet no published studies have evaluated differences in arthropod abundance on different species of pines. We used knockdown insecticides to sample arthropods on longleaf (Pinus palustris...

A method for estimating white pine blister rust canker age on limber pine in the central Rocky Mountains

Treesearch

Holly S. J. Kearns; William R. Jacobi; Brian W. Geils

2009-01-01

Epidemiological studies of white pine blister rust on limber pine require a temporal component to explain variations in incidence of infection and mortality. Unfortunately, it is not known how long the pathogen has been present at various sites in the central Rocky Mountains of North America. Canker age, computed from canker length and average expansion rate, can be...

A population genetic model for high-elevation five-needle pines: Projecting population outcomes in the presence of white pine blister rust

Treesearch

A. W. Schoettle; J. G. Klutsch; M. F. Antolin; S. Field

2011-01-01

The slow growth and long generation time of the five-needle pines have historically enabled these trees to persist on the landscape for centuries, but without sufficient regeneration opportunities these same traits hinder the species' ability to adapt to novel stresses such as the non-native disease white pine blister rust (WPBR). Increasing the frequency of...

Mountain pine beetle in southwestern white pine in the Pinaleno Mountains

Treesearch

Ann M. Lynch; Christopher D. O' Connor

2013-01-01

Mountain pine beetle has rarely been found in the Madrean Sky Island Archipelago and has not been reported from the Pinaleño Mountains until recently. This insect began killing southwestern white pine in 1996 or earlier, with additional mortality each year since. Activity has increased in the last 2 years. The life cycle in the Pinaleños during this time has been...

7 CFR 301.50-10 - Treatments and management method.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... chapter to neutralize the pine shoot beetle. (b) Management method for pine bark products. The following... pine (P. sylvestris), red pine (P. resinosa), and jack pine (P. banksiana) trees. Pine bark products... following procedures are followed: (1) For pine bark products produced from trees felled during the period...

7 CFR 301.50-10 - Treatments and management method.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... chapter to neutralize the pine shoot beetle. (b) Management method for pine bark products. The following... pine (P. sylvestris), red pine (P. resinosa), and jack pine (P. banksiana) trees. Pine bark products... following procedures are followed: (1) For pine bark products produced from trees felled during the period...

7 CFR 301.50-10 - Treatments and management method.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... chapter to neutralize the pine shoot beetle. (b) Management method for pine bark products. The following... pine (P. sylvestris), red pine (P. resinosa), and jack pine (P. banksiana) trees. Pine bark products... following procedures are followed: (1) For pine bark products produced from trees felled during the period...

7 CFR 301.50-10 - Treatments and management method.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... chapter to neutralize the pine shoot beetle. (b) Management method for pine bark products. The following... pine (P. sylvestris), red pine (P. resinosa), and jack pine (P. banksiana) trees. Pine bark products... following procedures are followed: (1) For pine bark products produced from trees felled during the period...

Fire, red squirrels, whitebark pine, and Yellowstone grizzly bears

USGS Publications Warehouse

Podruzny, Shannon; Reinhart, Daniel P.; Mattson, David J.

1999-01-01

Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) habitats are important to Yellowstone grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) as refugia and sources of food. Ecological relationships between whitebark pine, red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus), and grizzly bear use of pine seeds on Mt. Washburn in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, were examined during 1984-86. Following large-scale fires in 1988, we repeated the study in 1995-97 to examine the effects of fire on availability of whitebark pine seed in red squirrel middens and on bear use of middens. Half of the total length of the original line transects burned. We found no red squirrel middens in burned areas. Post-fire linear-abundance (no./km) of active squirrel middens that were pooled from burned and unburned areas decreased 27% compared to pre-fire abundance, but increased in unburned portions of some habitat types. Mean size of active middens decreased 54% post-fire. Use of pine seeds by bears (linear abundance of excavated middens) in pooled burned and unburned habitats decreased by 64%, likely due to the combined effects of reduced midden availability and smaller midden size. We discourage any further large-scale losses of seed producing trees from management-prescribed fires or timber harvesting until the effects of fire on ecological relationships in the whitebark pine zone are better understood.

Nutrient accumulation in planted red and jack pine.

Treesearch

David H. Alban

1988-01-01

Compares nutrient accumulation in adjacent plantations of red and jack pine in the upper Great Lakes. Describes equations developed to predict biomass and nutrient accumulation based on stand basal area and height.

Comparative Transcriptomics Among Four White Pine Species

PubMed Central

Baker, Ethan A. G.; Wegrzyn, Jill L.; Sezen, Uzay U.; Falk, Taylor; Maloney, Patricia E.; Vogler, Detlev R.; Delfino-Mix, Annette; Jensen, Camille; Mitton, Jeffry; Wright, Jessica; Knaus, Brian; Rai, Hardeep; Cronn, Richard; Gonzalez-Ibeas, Daniel; Vasquez-Gross, Hans A.; Famula, Randi A.; Liu, Jun-Jun; Kueppers, Lara M.; Neale, David B.

2018-01-01

Conifers are the dominant plant species throughout the high latitude boreal forests as well as some lower latitude temperate forests of North America, Europe, and Asia. As such, they play an integral economic and ecological role across much of the world. This study focused on the characterization of needle transcriptomes from four ecologically important and understudied North American white pines within the Pinus subgenus Strobus. The populations of many Strobus species are challenged by native and introduced pathogens, native insects, and abiotic factors. RNA from the needles of western white pine (Pinus monticola), limber pine (Pinus flexilis), whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis), and sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana) was sampled, Illumina short read sequenced, and de novo assembled. The assembled transcripts and their subsequent structural and functional annotations were processed through custom pipelines to contend with the challenges of non-model organism transcriptome validation. Orthologous gene family analysis of over 58,000 translated transcripts, implemented through Tribe-MCL, estimated the shared and unique gene space among the four species. This revealed 2025 conserved gene families, of which 408 were aligned to estimate levels of divergence and reveal patterns of selection. Specific candidate genes previously associated with drought tolerance and white pine blister rust resistance in conifers were investigated. PMID:29559535

Modeling of SAR returns from a red pine stand

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lang, R. H.; Kilic, O.; Chauhan, N. S.; Ranson, J.

1992-01-01

Bright P-band radar returns from red pine forests have been observed on synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images in Bangor, Maine. A plot of red pine trees was selected for the characterization and modeling to understand the cause of the high P-band returns. The red pine stand under study consisted of mature trees. Diameter at breast height (DBH) measurements were made to determine stand density as a function of tree diameter. Soil moisture and bulk density measurements were taken along with ground rough surface profiles. Detailed biomass measurements of the needles, shoots, branches, and trunks were also taken. These site statistics have been used in a distorted Born approximation model of the forest. Computations indicate that the direct-reflected or the double-bounce contributions from the ground are responsible for the high observed P-band returns for HH polarization.

Return of the giants: Restoring white pine ecosystems by breeding and aggressive planting of blister rust-resistant white pines

Treesearch

Lauren Fins; James Byler; Dennis Ferguson; Al Harvey; Mary Francis Mahalovich; Geral I. McDonald; Dan Miller; John Schwandt; Art Zack

2001-01-01

In 1883, when the Northern Pacific Railroad made its way through northern Idaho, western white pines dominated the moist, mid-elevation, mixed-species forests of the Inland Northwest between 2,000 and 6,000 feet. These majestic trees often lived to 350 years but could reach the ripe old ages of 400 and even 500 years. They were an integral part of the most productive...

Computer simulation of white pine blister rust epidemics

Treesearch

Geral I. McDonald; Raymond J. Hoff; William R. Wykoff

1981-01-01

A simulation of white pine blister rust is described in both word and mathematical models. The objective of this first generation simulation was to organize and analyze the available epidemiological knowledge to produce a foundation for integrated management of this destructive rust of 5-needle pines. Verification procedures and additional research needs are also...

Variation in microclimate and early growth of planted pines under dispersed and aggregated overstory retention in mature managed red pine in Minnesota

Treesearch

JeriLynn E. Peck; Eric K. Zenner; Brian Palik

2012-01-01

Retention harvests are proposed as mechanisms for introducing two-aged structure into even-aged red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) stands, yet little is known about seedling responses to overstory abundance and resource availability under potential harvesting treatments. We related spatially explicit measurements of overstory abundance, proportional...

Forest floor fuels in red and jack pine stands

Treesearch

James K. Brown

1966-01-01

An investigation to determine the quantity and density of forest floor fuels in red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) stands was conducted on National Forests in Michigan and Minnesota. The study was designed to answer three questions: How much fuel per acre exits in individual layers of the forest floor? How reliably can weight of...

Antifungal activity of the essential oils from some species of the genus Pinus.

PubMed

Krauze-Baranowska, Mirosława; Mardarowicz, Marek; Wiwart, Marian; Pobłocka, Loretta; Dynowska, Maria

2002-01-01

The chemical composition of the essential oils from the needles of Pinus ponderosa (north american pine), P. resinosa (red pine) and P. strobus (eastern white pine) has been determined by GC/MS (FID). The essential oils from P. resinosa and P. ponderosa in comparison to P. strobus have been characterized by the higher content of beta-pinene (42.4%, 45.7% and 7.9% respectively). On the other hand, a-pinene (17.7%) and germacrene D (12.2%) were dominant compounds of P strobus. Moreover the essential oil from P. resinosa was more rich in myrcene-15.9%. Estragole and delta-3-carene, each one in amount ca 8% were identified only in P. ponderosa. The content of essential oils in the needles slightly varied--0.65%--P. resinosa, 0.4%--P strobus, 0.3%--P. ponderosa. The antifungal activity has been investigated towards Fusarium culmorum, F solani and F. poae. The strongest activity was observed for the essential oil from P. ponderosa, which fully inhibited the growth of fungi at the following concentrations--F. culmorum, F. solani at 2% and F. poae at 5%.

Planting Technique and Care of Stock Affect Survival of Planted Red Pine

Treesearch

John H. Cooley

1974-01-01

Careless planting was found to be the most important of several possible causes of excessive mortality of newly planted red pine. Distribution procedures and high shoot/root ratios were also implicated.

Combustion characteristics of Douglas Fir planer shavings. Technical progress report No. 4, September 16, 1977--September 15, 1978

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Junge, D.C.

1978-12-01

Significant quantities of wood residue fuels are presently being used in industrial steam generating facilities. Recent studies indicate that substantial additional quantities of wood residue fuels are available for energy generation in the form of steam and/or electricity. A limited data base on the combustion characteristics of wood residue fuels has resulted in the installation and operation of inefficient combustion systems for these fuels. This investigation of the combustion characteristics of wood residue fuels was undertaken to provide a data base which could be used to optimize the combustion of such fuels. Optimization of the the combustion process in industrialmore » boilers serves to improve combustion efficiency and to reduce air pollutant emissions generated in the combustion process. This report presents data on the combustion characteristics of Douglas Fir planer shavings. The data were obtained in a pilot scale combustion test facility at Oregon State Univerisity. Other technical reports present data on the combustion characteristics of: Douglas Fir bark, Red Alder sawdust, Red Alder bark, Ponderosa pine bark, Hemlock bark, and Eastern White Pine bark. An executive summary report is also available which compares the combustion characteristics of the various fuel species.« less

Blister rust resistance among 19 families of whitebark pine, Pinus albicaulis, from Oregon and Washington – early results from an artificial inoculation trial

Treesearch

Angelia Kegley; Richard A. Sniezko; Robert Danchok; Douglas P. Savin

2012-01-01

Whitebark pine is considered one of the most susceptible white pine species to white pine blister rust, the disease caused by the non-native pathogen Cronartium ribicola. High mortality from blister rust and other factors in much of the range in the United States and Canada have raised serious concerns about the future viability of this high-...

Tall oil precursors and turpentine in Jack and Eastern White Pine

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Conner, A.H.; Diehl, M.A.; Rowe, J.W.

1980-04-01

The tall oil precursors and turpentine from jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) and eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) were investigated. The tall oil precursors (resin acids, fatty acids, and unsaponifiables were determined by chemical fractionation of the nonvolatile diethyl ether extractives (NVEE) of these speices: (approximate % resin acids, % fatty acids, % unsaponifiables, and % acids other that fatty and resin acids) - jack pine sapwood (10, 60, 10, 20%), heartwood (38, 12, 6, 44%); eastern white pine sapwood (11, 57, 9, 22%), and heartwood (11, 18, 10, 62%). The resin acids were a mixture of the pimaricmore » and abietic acids common to pines. In addition, eastern white pine contained major amounts of the resin acid, anticopalic acid. The fatty acids were predominately oleic, linoleic, and 5, 9, 12-octadecatrienoic acids. The unsaponsiables were a complex mixture of diterpenes and sterols (mainly campesterol and sitosterol). On treating these species with paraquat, lightwood occurred in the sapwood but not in the heartwood areas as we have oberved with other pines. The NVEE of the lightwood areas contained increased amounts of resin acids, unsaponifiables, and acids other than fatty and resin acids. The total fatty acid content was essentially unchanged. Since fatty acid components are preferentially lost by esterification with neutral alcoholic constituents in the unsaponifiables during the distillation refining of crude tall oil, the increased unsaponifiables relative to the constant fatty acid content might result in a net reduction in fatty acid recovery from lightered trees. The turpentine content of both jack and eastern white pine increased on lightering and was primarily a mixture of ..cap alpha..- and ..beta..-pinene.« less

Reciprocal selection causes a coevolutionary arms race between crossbills and lodgepole pine.

PubMed

Benkman, Craig W; Parchman, Thomas L; Favis, Amanda; Siepielski, Adam M

2003-08-01

Few studies have shown both reciprocal selection and reciprocal adaptations for a coevolving system in the wild. The goal of our study was to determine whether the patterns of selection on Rocky Mountain lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta spp. latifolia) and red crossbills (Loxia curvirostra complex) were concordant with earlier published evidence of reciprocal adaptations in lodgepole pine and crossbills on isolated mountain ranges in the absence of red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus). We found that selection (directional) by crossbills on lodgepole pine where Tamiasciurus are absent was divergent from the selection (directional) exerted by Tamiasciurus on lodgepole pine. This resulted in divergent selection between areas with and without Tamiasciurus that was congruent with the geographic patterns of cone variation. In the South Hills, Idaho, where Tamiasciurus are absent and red crossbills are thought to be coevolving with lodgepole pine, crossbills experienced stabilizing selection on bill size, with cone structure as the agent of selection. These results show that crossbills and lodgepole pine exhibit reciprocal adaptations in response to reciprocal selection, and they provide insight into the traits mediating and responding to selection in a coevolutionary arms race.

Pine polyphenols from Pinus koraiensis prevent injuries induced by gamma radiation in mice

PubMed Central

Li, Hui; Xu, Yier; Sun, Guicai

2016-01-01

Pine polyphenols (PPs) are bioactive dietary constituents that enhance health and help prevent diseases through antioxidants. Antioxidants reduce the level of oxidative damages caused by ionizing radiation (IR). The main purpose of this paper is to study the protective effect of PPs on peripheral blood, liver and spleen injuries in mice induced by IR. ICR (Institute of Cancer Research) male mice were administered orally with PPs (200 mg/kg b.wt.) once daily for 14 consecutive days prior to 7 Gy γ-radiations. PPs showed strong antioxidant activities. PPs significantly increased white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets counts. PPs also significantly reduced lipid peroxidation and increased the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidases, and the level of glutathione. PPs reduced the spleen morphologic injury. In addition, PPs inhibited mitochondria-dependent apoptosis pathways in splenocytes induced by IR. These results indicate that PPs are radioprotective promising reagents. PMID:27069807

Response of Planted Eastern White Pine (Pinus strobus L.) to Mechanical Release, Competition, and Drought in the Southern Appalachians

Treesearch

Barton D. Clinton; Katherine J. Elliott; Wayne T. Swank

1997-01-01

Conversion of low-quality, natural mixed pine hardwood ecosystems, containing a mountain laurel (Kalmia latifolia L.) dominated understory, to more productive eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.)/mixed-hardwood systems is a common prescription on relatively xeric southern Appalachian forest sites. We examined the effects of...

Conversion of conifer wastes into edible and medicinal mushrooms.

Treesearch

Suki C. Croan

2004-01-01

Mushroom-producing white-rot fungi can be used to convert woodwaste into gourmet and medicinal mushrooms. White-rot fungi do not always readily colonize on conifer wood because of its extractives content. This study evaluated the resinous extractive content of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), and an unknown species of southern yellow pine...

A multi-century analysis of disturbance dynamics in pine-oak forests of the Missouri Ozark Highlands

Treesearch

Chad King; Rose-Marie Muzika

2013-01-01

Using dendrochronology and growth release approaches, we analyzed the disturbance history of shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mich.) white oak (Quercus alba L.) forests in the Missouri Ozark Highlands. The objectives of this study were to (1) identify growth release events using living and remnant shortleaf pine and white oak, (2)...

Proactive intervention to sustain high-elevation pine ecosystems threatened by white pine blister rust

Treesearch

Anna W. Schoettle; Richard A. Sniezko

2007-01-01

Only recently have efforts begun to address how management might prepare currently healthy forests to affect the outcome of invasion by established non-native pests. Cronartium ribicola, the fungus that causes the disease white pine blister rust (WPBR), is among the introductions into North America where containment and eradication have failed; the...

High elevation white pines educational website

Treesearch

Anna W. Schoettle; Michele Laskowski

2011-01-01

The high elevation five-needle white pines are facing numerous challenges ranging from climate change to invasion by a non-native pathogen to escalation of pest outbreaks. This website (http://www.fs.fed.us/rm/highelevationwhitepines/) serves as a primer for managers and the public on the high elevation North American five-needle pines. It presents information on each...

The red-cockaded woodpecker's role in the southern pine ecosystem, population trends and relationships with southern pine beetles

Treesearch

Richard N. Conner; D. Craig Rudolph; Daniel Saenz; Robert N. Coulson

1997-01-01

This study reviews the overall ecological role of the Red-cockaded Woodpecker (Picoides borealis)in the southern pine ecosystem. It is the only North American woodpecker species to become well adapted to a landscape that was relatively devoid of the substrate typically used by woodpeckers for cavity excavation (i.e. snags and decayed, living hardwoods). Its adaptation...

Comparison of red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis) nestling diet in old-growth and old-field longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) habitats

Treesearch

James L. Hanula; R. Todd Engstrom

2000-01-01

Automatic cameras were used to record adult red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis) nest visits with food for nestlings. Diet of nestlings on or near an old-growth longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) remnant in southern Georgia was compared to that in longleaf pine stands established on old farm fields in western South Carolina....

"Reversed" intraguild predation: red fox cubs killed by pine marten.

PubMed

Brzeziński, Marcin; Rodak, Lukasz; Zalewski, Andrzej

2014-01-01

Camera traps deployed at a badger Meles meles set in mixed pine forest in north-eastern Poland recorded interspecific killing of red fox Vulpes vulpes cubs by pine marten Martes martes . The vixen and her cubs settled in the set at the beginning of May 2013, and it was abandoned by the badgers shortly afterwards. Five fox cubs were recorded playing in front of the den each night. Ten days after the first recording of the foxes, a pine marten was filmed at the set; it arrived in the morning, made a reconnaissance and returned at night when the vixen was away from the set. The pine marten entered the den several times and killed at least two fox cubs. It was active at the set for about 2 h. This observation proves that red foxes are not completely safe from predation by smaller carnivores, even those considered to be subordinate species in interspecific competition.

Comparative Transcriptomics Among Four White Pine Species.

PubMed

Baker, Ethan A G; Wegrzyn, Jill L; Sezen, Uzay U; Falk, Taylor; Maloney, Patricia E; Vogler, Detlev R; Delfino-Mix, Annette; Jensen, Camille; Mitton, Jeffry; Wright, Jessica; Knaus, Brian; Rai, Hardeep; Cronn, Richard; Gonzalez-Ibeas, Daniel; Vasquez-Gross, Hans A; Famula, Randi A; Liu, Jun-Jun; Kueppers, Lara M; Neale, David B

2018-05-04

Conifers are the dominant plant species throughout the high latitude boreal forests as well as some lower latitude temperate forests of North America, Europe, and Asia. As such, they play an integral economic and ecological role across much of the world. This study focused on the characterization of needle transcriptomes from four ecologically important and understudied North American white pines within the Pinus subgenus Strobus The populations of many Strobus species are challenged by native and introduced pathogens, native insects, and abiotic factors. RNA from the needles of western white pine ( Pinus monticola ), limber pine ( Pinus flexilis ), whitebark pine ( Pinus albicaulis) , and sugar pine ( Pinus lambertiana ) was sampled, Illumina short read sequenced, and de novo assembled. The assembled transcripts and their subsequent structural and functional annotations were processed through custom pipelines to contend with the challenges of non-model organism transcriptome validation. Orthologous gene family analysis of over 58,000 translated transcripts, implemented through Tribe-MCL, estimated the shared and unique gene space among the four species. This revealed 2025 conserved gene families, of which 408 were aligned to estimate levels of divergence and reveal patterns of selection. Specific candidate genes previously associated with drought tolerance and white pine blister rust resistance in conifers were investigated. Copyright © 2018 Baker et al.

Growing Media Affect Size of Container-Grown Red Pine

Treesearch

Howard M. Phipps

1974-01-01

Red pine seedlings were grown in nine different soil media and in two types of containers in a greenhouse. Growth differed significantly among the media after 16 weeks, with the largest seedlings produced in a peat-vermiculite mix

Influence on soil properties of prescribed burning under mature red pine.

Treesearch

1977-01-01

Prescribed fires in mature red pine stands reduced shrub competition and the organic layer thickness. The fires reduced nutrient in the forest floor, increased them in the mineral soil, but had no effect on overstory growth.

Heterogeneous nonmarket benefits of managing white pine bluster rust in high-elevation pine forests

Treesearch

James R. Meldrum; Patricia A. Champ; Craig A. Bond

2013-01-01

This article describes a nonmarket valuation study about benefits of managing the invasive disease white pine blister rust in highelevation forests in the Western United States. Results demonstrate that, on average, households in the Western United States are willing to pay $154 to improve the resiliency of these forests. Factor analysis shows that long-run protection...

Dynamics of whlte pine in New England

Treesearch

William B. Leak; J.B. Cullen; Thomas S. Frieswyk

1995-01-01

Analysis of growth, regeneration, and quality changes for white pine between the 1970's and 1980's in the six-state New England region. Growth rates seemed comparable among ail states except Rhode Island, where the percentage of growth (1.71%) seemed low. Over all states, the proportion of acreage in seedling/sapling white pine stands averaged too low (8%) to...

The future of high-elevation, five-needle white pines in Western North America: Proceedings of the High Five Symposium

Treesearch

Robert E. Keane; Diana F. Tomback; Michael P. Murray; Cyndi M. Smith

2011-01-01

High elevation five-needle pines are rapidly declining throughout North America. The six species, whitebark (Pinus albicaulis Engelm.), limber (P. flexilis James), southwestern white (P. strobiformis Engelm.), foxtail (P. balfouriana Grev. & Balf.), Great Basin bristlecone (P. longaeva D.K. Bailey), and Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine (P. aristata Engelm.), have...

Environment in relation to white pine blister rust infection

Treesearch

E.P. Van Arsdel

1972-01-01

Pine trees can be free of blister rust infection either because they are growing in a climate unfavorable to rust or because they are genetically resistant to the rust. The climatic escape is hundreds of times more common than genetic resistance in the American white pines. The minimum time and temperature required for penetration by an isolate of the rice blast fungus...

Thinning and fertilizing red pine to increase growth and cone production.

Treesearch

John H. Cooley

1970-01-01

Cone production and growth were increased more by heavy thinning than by fertilizing in 53- and 55-year-old natural red pine stands growing on medium sites, and in a 20-year-old plantation on a good site.

Red Rot of Ponderosa Pine (FIDL)

Treesearch

Stuart R. Andrews

1971-01-01

Red rot caused by the fungus Polyporus anceps Peck is the most important heart rot of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) in the Southwest (in Arizona and New Mexico), the Black Hills of South Dakota, and some localities in Colorado, Montana, and Idaho. It causes only insignificant losses to this species elsewhere in the West. The red rot fungus rarely attacks other...

Removal of anionic dye Congo red from aqueous solution by raw pine and acid-treated pine cone powder as adsorbent: equilibrium, thermodynamic, kinetics, mechanism and process design.

PubMed

Dawood, Sara; Sen, Tushar Kanti

2012-04-15

Pine cone a natural, low-cost agricultural by-product in Australia has been studied for its potential application as an adsorbent in its raw and hydrochloric acid modified form. Surface study of pine cone and treated pine cone was investigated using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The modification process leads to increases in the specific surface area and decreases mean particle sizes of acid-treated pine cone when compared to raw pine cone biomass. Batch adsorption experiments were performed to remove anionic dye Congo red from aqueous solution. It was found that the extent of Congo red adsorption by both raw pine cone biomass and acid-treated biomass increased with initial dye concentration, contact time, temperature but decreased with increasing solution pH and amount of adsorbent of the system. Overall, kinetic studies showed that the dye adsorption process followed pseudo-second-order kinetics based on pseudo-first-order and intra-particle diffusion models. The different kinetic parameters including rate constant, half-adsorption time, and diffusion coefficient were determined at different physico-chemical conditions. Equilibrium data were best represented by Freundlich isotherm model among Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models. It was observed that the adsorption was pH dependent and the maximum adsorption of 32.65 mg/g occurred at pH of 3.55 for an initial dye concentration of 20 ppm by raw pine cone, whereas for acid-treated pine cone the maximum adsorption of 40.19 mg/g for the same experimental conditions. Freundlich constant 'n' also indicated favourable adsorption. Thermodynamic parameters such as ∆G(0), ∆H(0), and ∆S(0) were calculated. A single-stage batch absorber design for the Congo red adsorption onto pine cone biomass also presented based on the Freundlich isotherm model equation. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

AmeriFlux US-Bar Bartlett Experimental Forest

DOE Data Explorer

Richardson, Andrew [Harvard University

2016-01-01

This is the AmeriFlux version of the carbon flux data for the site US-Bar Bartlett Experimental Forest. Site Description - The Bartlett Experimental Forest (448170 N, 71830 W) is located within the White Mountains National Forest in north-central New Hampshire, USA. The 1050 ha forest extends across an elevational range from 200 to 900 m a.s.l. It was established in 1931 and is managed by the USDA Forest Service Northeastern Research Station in Durham, NH. The climate is humid continental with short, cool summers (mean July temperature, 19.8C) and long, cold winters (mean January temperature, 9.8C). Annual precipitation averages 130 cm and is distributed evenly throughout the year. Soils are developed from glacial till and are predominantly shallow, well-drained spodosols. At lowto mid-elevation, vegetation is dominated by northern hardwoods (American beech, Fagus grandifolia; sugar maple, Acer saccharum; yellow birch, Betula alleghaniensis; with some red maple, Acer rubrum and paper birch, Betula papyrifera). Conifers (eastern hemlock, Tsuga canadensis; eastern white pine, Pinus strobus; red spruce, Picea rubens) are occasionally found intermixed with the more abundant deciduous species but are generally confined to the highest (red spruce) and lowest (hemlock and pine) elevations. In 2003, the site was adopted as a NASA North American Carbon Program (NACP) Tier-2 field research and validation site. A 26.5 m high tower was installed in a low-elevation northern hardwood stand in November, 2003, for the purpose of making eddy covariance measurements of the forest–atmosphere exchange of CO2, H2O and radiant energy. Continuous flux and meteorological measurements began in January, 2004, and are ongoing. Average canopy height in the vicinity of the tower is approximately 20–22 m. In the tower footprint, the forest is predominantly classified into red maple, sugar maple, and American beech forest types. Leaf area index in the vicinity of the tower is 3.6 as measured by seasonal litterfall collection, and 4.5 as measured by the optically based Li-Cor LAI-2000 instrument. Further site information: http://www.fs.fed.us/ne/durham/4155/bartlett.htm

The health of loblolly pine stands at Fort Benning, GA

Treesearch

Soung-Ryoul Ryu; G. Geoff Wang; Joan L. Walker

2013-01-01

Approximately two-thirds of the red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis) (RCW) groups at Fort Benning, GA, depend on loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) stands for nesting or foraging. However, loblolly pine stands are suspected to decline. Forest managers want to replace loblolly pine with longleaf pine (P. palustris...

A comparison of postburn woodpecker foraging use of white fir (Abies concolor) and Jeffrey Pine (Pinus jeffreyi)

Treesearch

Kerry L. Farris; Steve Zack

2008-01-01

We examined the temporal patterns of the structural decay, insect infestation and woodpecker foraging patterns on white-fir and yellow pine following a prescribed burn in Lassen National Park, CA. Our objectives were to: 1) describe how pine and fir differ in their decay patterns and insect activity, and 2) determine how these differences reflect woodpecker foraging...

Rust resistance in seedling families of Pinus albicaulis and Pinus strobiformis and implications for restoration

Treesearch

R. A. Sniezko; A. Kegley; R. Danchok; J. Hamlin; J. Hill; D. Conklin

2011-01-01

Infection and mortality levels from Cronartium ribicola, the fungus causing white pine blister rust, are very high in parts of the geographic range of Pinus albicaulis (whitebark pine) and P. strobiformis (Southwestern white pine). Genetic resistance to this non-native fungus will be one of the key factors in maintaining or restoring populations of these species in...

Involvement of allelopathy in inhibition of understory growth in red pine forests.

PubMed

Kato-Noguchi, Hisashi; Kimura, Fukiko; Ohno, Osamu; Suenaga, Kiyotake

2017-11-01

Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc.) forests are characterized by sparse understory vegetation although sunlight intensity on the forest floor is sufficient for undergrowth. The possible involvement of pine allelopathy in the establishment of the sparse understory vegetation was investigated. The soil of the red pine forest floor had growth inhibitory activity on six test plant species including Lolium multiflorum, which was observed at the edge of the forest but not in the forest. Two growth inhibitory substances were isolated from the soil and characterized to be 15-hydroxy-7-oxodehydroabietate and 7-oxodehydroabietic acid. Those compounds are probably formed by degradation process of resin acids. Resin acids are produced by pine and delivered into the soil under the pine trees through balsam and defoliation. Threshold concentrations of 15-hydroxy-7-oxodehydroabietate and 7-oxodehydroabietic acid for the growth inhibition of L. multiflorum were 30 and 10μM, respectively. The concentrations of 15-hydroxy-7-oxodehydroabietate and 7-oxodehydroabietic acid in the soil were 312 and 397μM, respectively, which are sufficient concentrations to cause the growth inhibition because of the threshold. These results suggest that those compounds are able to work as allelopathic agents and may prevent from the invasion of herbaceous plants into the forests by inhibiting their growth. Therefore, allelopathy of red pine may be involved in the formation of the sparse understory vegetation. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Restoration planting options for limber pines in the southern Rocky Mountains

Treesearch

Anne Marie Casper; William R. Jacobi; Anna W. Schoettle; Kelly S. Burns

2011-01-01

Limber Pine (Pinus flexilis) populations in the southern Rocky Mountains are severely threatened by the combined impacts of mountain pine beetles and white pine blister rust. Limber pine's critical role in these high elevation ecosystems heightens the importance of mitigating these impacts.

Manager's handbook for red pine in the north-central states.

Treesearch

John W. Benzie

1977-01-01

Provides a key for the resource manager to use in choosing silvicultural practices for the management of red pine. Control of stand composition and growth, regulating the forest, and control of stand establishment for timber production, water, wildlife, and recreation are discussed.

Mechanized Red Pine Tree Planting Operation -- A Time Study

Treesearch

Joseph B. Sturos; Edwin S. Miyata

1984-01-01

Projected softwood shortages and high costs of mechanized tree planting indicate that more efficient planting equipment and systems are needed. This paper presents cost and productivity data for mechanically planting red pine seelings on a site previously occupied by hardwoods in northern Wisconsin

Army Industrial Operations: Budgeting and Management of Carryover Could Be Improved

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-06-01

Pine Bluff Arsenal, Pine Bluff, Arkansas; the Red River Army Depot, Texarkana , Texas; the Rock Island Arsenal-Joint Manufacturing and Technology Center...the Corpus Christi Army Depot, Corpus Christi, Texas; the Letterkenny Army Depot, Chambersburg, Pennsylvania; the Red River Army Depot, Texarkana

Treatment of understory hemlock in the western white pine type

Treesearch

I. T. Haig

1933-01-01

Silvicultural practice for the national forests in the mixed western white pine stands of northern Idaho has long been complicated by the economic problems arising from the presence of aggressive, tolerant, low-value species, such as western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) and lowland white fir (Abies grandis), in association with the less tolerant, faster-growing, high-...

Whitebark and limber pine restoration and monitoring in Glacier National Park

Treesearch

Jennifer M. Asebrook; Joyce Lapp; Tara. Carolin

2011-01-01

Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) and limber pine (Pinus flexilis) are keystone species important to watersheds, grizzly and black bears, squirrels, birds, and other wildlife. Both high elevation five-needled pines have dramatically declined in Glacier National Park primarily due to white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola) and fire exclusion, with mountain pine...

AmeriFlux CA-TP2 Ontario - Turkey Point 1989 Plantation White Pine

DOE Data Explorer

Arain, M. Altaf [McMaster University

2016-01-01

This is the AmeriFlux version of the carbon flux data for the site CA-TP2 Ontario - Turkey Point 1989 Plantation White Pine. Site Description - Plantation established in 1989 over sandy agriculture land

Asymmetry in Food Handling Behavior of a Tree-Dwelling Rodent (Sciurus vulgaris)

PubMed Central

Polo-Cavia, Nuria; Vázquez, Zoraida; de Miguel, Francisco Javier

2015-01-01

Asymmetry in motor patterns is present in a wide variety of animals. Many lateralized behaviors seem to depend on brain asymmetry, as it is the case of different tasks associated to food handling by several bird and mammal species. Here, we analyzed asymmetry in handling behavior of pine cones by red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris). Red squirrels devote most of their daily activity to feeding, thus this species constitutes an appropriate model for studying asymmetry in food processing. We aimed to explore 1) the potential lateralization in handling of pine cones by squirrels, 2) the dominant pattern for this behavior (left- vs. right-handed), and 3) whether this pattern varies among populations and depending on the pine tree species available. Results revealed that red squirrels handle pine cones in an asymmetrical way, and that direction of asymmetry varies among populations and seems to be determined more by local influences rather than by the pine tree species. PMID:25714614

Effects of Grosmannia clavigera and Leptographium longiclavatum on Western White Pine seedlings and the fungicidal activity of Alamo®, Arbotect®, and TREE-age®

Treesearch

Stephen A. Wyka; Joseph J. Doccola; Brian L. Strom; Sheri L. Smith; Douglas W. McPherson; Srdan G. Acimovic; Kier D. Klepzig

2016-01-01

Bark beetles carry a number of associated organisms that are transferred to the host tree upon attack that are thought to play a role in tree decline. To assess the pathogenicity to western white pine (WWP; Pinus monticola) of fungi carried by the mountain pine beetle (MPB; Dendroctonus ponderosae), and to evaluate the...

Past and current investigations of the genetic resistance to cronartium ribicola in high-elevation five-needle pines

Treesearch

Richard A. Sniezko; Mary F. Mahalovich; Anna W. Schoettle; Detlev R. Vogler

2011-01-01

All nine species of white pines native to the U.S. or Canada are susceptible to the introduced pathogen Cronartium ribicola. Of the six high elevation white pine species, the severe infection and mortality levels of Pinus albicaulis have been the most documented, but blister rust also impacts P. aristata, P. balfouriana, P. flexilis and P. strobiformis; only P....

Predicting the effects of tropospheric ozone on regional productivity of ponderosa pine and white fir.

Treesearch

D.A. Weinstein; J.A. Laurence; W.A. Retzlaff; J.S. Kern; E.H. Lee; W.E. Hogsett; J. Weber

2005-01-01

We simulated forest dynamics of the regional ponderosa pine-white fir conifer forest of the San Bernadino and Sierra Nevada mountains of California to determine the effects of high ozone concentrations over the next century and to compare the responses to our similar study for loblolly pine forests of the southeast. As in the earlier study, we linked two models, TREGRO...

Characteristics of a Direct-Seeded Eastern White Pine Plantation on the Mid-Cumberland Plateau at Four Ages

Treesearch

Glendon W. Smalley; James M. Hollingsworth

1997-01-01

Growth and yield of a direct-seeded eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) plantation established in 1959 on a broad undulating sandstone upland (Landtype 1) are summarized. Average heights of dominant and codominant pines were 35,56,65, and 76 ft at ages 15,25,30, and 34 years, respectively. Equivalent site indices (base age 25 years from seed)...

Seasonal variations in red pine (Pinus resinosa) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana) foliar physio-chemistry and their potential influence on stand-scale wildland fire behavior

Treesearch

Matt Jolly; John Hintz; Rodman L. Linn; Rachael C. Kropp; Elliot T. Conrad; Russell A. Parsons; Judith Winterkamp

2016-01-01

The 'Spring Dip' in conifer live foliar moisture content (LFMC) has been well documented but the actual drivers of these variations have not been fully investigated. Here we span this knowledge gap by measuring LFMC, foliar chemistry, foliar density and foliar flammability on new and old foliage for an entire year from both Pinus resinosa (red pine) and Pinus...

Growth and Hydrologic Influence of European Larch and Red Pine 10 Years After Planting

Treesearch

Alfred Ray Harris; Richard S. Sartz

1972-01-01

Ten years after planting, European larch and red pine diameters averaged 11.2 and 9.6 cm, and heights averaged 9.7 and 5.1 m. Litter on the larch plots was twice as heavy as on the pine and unplanted conrtol plots. Organic carbon content of the top 5 cm of soil appeared to reflect vegetation differences, but soil bulk density did not. The amount of water depleted by...

Neuroprotective Effects of Korean Red Pine(Pinus densiflora) Bark Extract and Its Phenolics.

PubMed

Kim, Ji-Won; Im, Sungbin; Jeong, Ha-Ram; Jung, Young-Seung; Lee, Inil; Kim, Kwan Joong; Park, Seung Kook; Kim, Dae-Ok

2018-03-15

Korean red pine ( Pinus densiflora ) is one of the major Pinus species in Korea. Red pine barkis removed prior to the chipping process in the wood industry and discarded aswaste. However, red pine bark contains a considerable amount of naturally occurring phenolics including flavonoids and therefore may have a variety of biological effects. In this study, we investigated if Korean red pine bark extract (KRPBE) could protect neuronal PC-12 cells from oxidative stress and inhibit cholinesterase activity.Analysis of reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography results revealed four phenolics in KRPBE:vanillin, protocatechuic acid, catechin and taxifolin.Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of KRPBE were 397.9 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dry weight (DW) and 248.7 mg catechin equivalents/g DW, respectively. Antioxidant capacities of KRPBE measured using ABTS, DPPH, and ORAC assays were 697.3, 521.8, and 2,627.7 mg vitamin C equivalents/g DW, respectively. KRPBE and its identified phenolics protected against H 2 O 2 -induced oxidative cell death in a dose-dependent manner. Acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase, which degrade the neurotransmitter acetylcholine to terminate neurotransmission in synaptic clefts, were inhibited by treatment with KRPBE and its identified phenolics. Taken together, these results suggest that KRPBE and its constituent antioxidative phenolics are potent neuroprotective agents that can maintain cell viability in the context of oxidative stress and inhibit cholinesterase activity.

Incidence of the pine wood nematode in green coniferous sawn wood in Oregon and California. Forest Service research note

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dwinell, L.D.

1993-05-01

Samples of green sawn Douglas-fir, redwood, ponderosa pine, and white fir were collected in August and September 1992 from seven mills in Oregon and California, and assayed for the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. The mills produced about 108 million board feet during the survey period. The pine wood nematode was not found in any of the 424 samples of Douglas-fir, the 192 of redwood, or the 3 of white fir. The nematode was recovered from 8 of 105 samples of green ponderosa pine lumber from a mill in Oregon. These eight samples contained an average of 54 pine woodmore » nematodes per gram of dry weight. This is the first report of the pine wood nematode in Oregon.« less

Fusarium species associated with rhizosphere soil and diseased roots of eastern white pine seedlings and associated nursery soil

Treesearch

Cynthia M. Ocamb; Jennifer Juzwik

1995-01-01

Fusarium species isolated from necrotic roots of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus) seedlings in two nurseries included F. acuminatum, F. equiseti, F. oxysporum, F. oxysporum var. redolens, F. proliferatum, F....

Final Technical Report: Renewable Energy Feasibility Study and Resources Assessment

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rivero, Mariah

In March 2011, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) awarded White Pine County, Nevada, a grant to assess the feasibility of renewable resource-related economic development activities in the area. The grant project included a public outreach and training component and was to include a demonstration project; however, the demonstration project was not completed due to lack of identification of an entity willing to locate a project in White Pine County. White Pine County completed the assessment of renewable resources and a feasibility study on the potential for a renewable energy-focused economic sector within the County. The feasibility study concluded "allmore » resources studied were present and in sufficient quantity and quality to warrant consideration for development" and there were varying degrees of potential economic impact based on the resource type and project size. The feasibility study and its components were to be used as tools to attract potential developers and other business ventures to the local market. White Pine County also marketed the County’s resources to the renewable energy business community in an effort to develop contracts for demonstration projects. The County also worked to develop partnerships with local educational institutions, including the White Pine County School District, conducted outreach and training for the local community.« less

Pinus glabra Walt. Spruce Pine

Treesearch

Susan V. Kossuth; J.L. Michael

1991-01-01

Spruce pine (Pinus glabra), also called cedar pine, Walter pine, or bottom white pine, is a medium-sized tree that grows in limited numbers in swamps, river valleys, on hummocks, and along river banks of the southern Coastal Plain. Its wood is brittle, close-grained, nondurable, and is of limited commercial importance.

Restoration planting options for limber pines in Colorado and Wyoming

Treesearch

Anne Marie Casper; William R. Jacobi; Anna W. Schoettle; Kelly S. Burns

2011-01-01

Limber Pine (Pinus flexilis) populations in the southern Rocky Mountains are severely threatened by the combined impacts of mountain pine beetles and white pine blister rust. Limber pineʼs critical role in these high elevation ecosystems heightens the importance of mitigating these impacts. To develop forest-scale planting methods, six limber pine seedling...

Genetic variation at allozyme and RAPD markers in Pinus longaeva (Pinaceae) of the White Mountains, California

Treesearch

Seok-Woo Lee; F. Thomas Ledig; David R. Johnson

2002-01-01

We compared genetic diversity estimated from allozymes and from random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPDs) in a sample of 210 Great Basin bristlecone pines (Pinus longaeva Bailey) from three groves in the White Mountains, California, USA. The White Mountains are the most westerly extension of bristlecone pine and home to the oldest known living trees....

Heartwood, sapwood, and fungal decay associated with red-cockaded woodpecker cavity trees

Treesearch

Richard N. Conner; D. Craig Rudolph; Daniel Saenz; Richard R. Schaefer

1994-01-01

Provision of suitable sites for red-cockaded woodpecker (Picotdes borealis) cavity excavation is essential for successful management of the woodpecker. To evaluate internal characteristics of pines used by the woodpecker, we increment-cored longleaf pines (Pinus palustris) to determine heartwood diameter, sapwood thickness, and...

Economics of Red Pine Management for Utility Pole Timber

Treesearch

Gerald H. Grossman; Karen Potter-Witter

1991-01-01

Including utility poles in red pine management regimes leads to distinctly different management recommendations. Where utility pole markets exist, managing for poles will maximize net returns. To do so, plantations should be maintained above 110 ft2/ac, higher than usually recommended. In Michigan's northern lower peninsula, approximately...

Predicting the effects of hardwood competition on red pine seedling growth

Treesearch

Alan S. White; Katherine J. Elliott

1992-01-01

Pin cherry (Prunus pensylvanica L.f.) and striped maple (Acer pensylvanicum L.) are potentially important competitors of red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait) planted on recently clear-cut hardwood sites. By experimentally manipulating initial competitor densities on 2.0-m2 plots, we were able to...

Forest floor and mineral soil respiration rates in a northern Minnesota red pine chronosequence

Treesearch

Matthew Powers; Randall Kolka; John Bradford; Brian Palik; Martin Jurgensen

2017-01-01

We measured total soil CO2 efflux (RS) and efflux from the forest floor layers (RFF) in red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) stands of different ages to examine relationships between stand age and belowground C cycling. Soil temperature and RS were often lower in...

Modeling aspen and red pine shoot growth to daily weather variations.

Treesearch

Donald A. Perala

1983-01-01

Quantifies daily shoot growth of quaking aspen and red pine in response to daily variation in air temperature, soil moisture, solar radiation, evapotranspiration, and inherent seasonal plant growth rhythm. Discusses potential application of shoot growth equations to silvicultural problems related to microclimatic variation. Identifies limitations and areas for...

Mammal caching of oak acorns in a red pine and a mixed oak stand

Treesearch

E.R. Thorn; W.M. Tzilkowski

1991-01-01

Small mammal caching of oak (Quercus spp.) acorns in adjacent red pine (Pinus resinosa) and mixed-oak stands was investigated at The Penn State Experimental Forest, Huntingdon Co., Pennsylvania. Gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) and mice (Peromyscus spp.) were the most common acorn-caching...

Climate influences on whitebark pine mortality from mountain pine beetle in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem

Treesearch

Polly C. Buotte; Jeffrey A. Hicke; Haiganoush K. Preisler; John T. Abatzoglou; Kenneth F. Raffa; Jesse A. Logan

2016-01-01

Extensive mortality of whitebark pine, beginning in the early to mid-2000s, occurred in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE) of the western USA, primarily from mountain pine beetle but also from other threats such as white pine blister rust. The climatic drivers of this recent mortality and the potential for future whitebark pine mortality from mountain pine beetle...

Effects of different wavelengths of light on the biology, behavior, and production of grow-out Pekin ducks.

PubMed

Campbell, C L; Colton, S; Haas, R; Rice, M; Porter, A; Schenk, A; Meelker, A; Fraley, S M; Fraley, G S

2015-08-01

Previous research has shown that red light conditions may improve growth and decrease aggressive behaviors in chickens and turkeys; however, more recent studies suggest that blue-green light may improve production of broilers over red light. To date, no research has been conducted to examine whether different wavelengths of light have an impact on production in the Pekin duck. To determine this, we raised Pekin ducks under aviary conditions that were similar to standard commercial barns. The ducks were kept in 3 different pens: red light (approximately 625 nm), blue light (approximately 425 nm), and white light. Light sources in each pen were standardized to produce a peak energy at 1.6 × 10³ μM photons/m²/s at the level of the ducks' heads. Ducks were given ad libitum access to water and commercial duck diet, and were housed on pine shavings at a density of 0.43 m²/duck. Ducks were evaluated weekly for BW and condition and a subjective measure of the duck's anxiety levels was determined. We found that ducks housed under blue light had significantly (P < 0.01) reduced BW at every age until the end of the study (processing age; 35 d). Unlike ducks housed under red or white light, ducks housed in the blue pen showed a higher level of anxiety; while evaluators were in the pen a majority of them began panting, they were much less inquisitive than other ducks, they took longer to exhibit normal social behavior once evaluation was completed, and they frequently "swarmed" when no people were present. There were no differences in any measurements between the red and white-lighted pens. These data suggest that unlike the chicken, blue lights may be inappropriate for raising Pekin ducks in a commercial setting. © 2015 Poultry Science Association Inc.

Observations on fire-damaged white pine in southwestern Maine July 1948

Treesearch

A. D. Nutting; John R. McGuire

1948-01-01

In October 1947 forest fires over-ran about 130,000 acres of forest land in southwestern Maine. Some 48,000 acres of merchantable timber were included in the fire area. Three-quarters of the saw-timber volume was white pine.

Control of brown stain: in Eastern white pine

Treesearch

Robert E. Stutz; Peter Koch; Millard L. Oldham

1961-01-01

Degrade caused by brown stain and blue stain in eastern white pine was virtually eliminated by the use of sap stain chemicals and sodium azide. Combinations of buffered sodium azide with both sodium pentachlorophenate plus borax and buffered ethyl mercury phosphate were effective.

A stocking guide for eastern white pine

Treesearch

James S. Philbrook; James P. Barrett; William B. Leak

1973-01-01

A stocking chart for eastern white pine is presented and described. The chart shows basal areas and numbers of trees by mean stand diameter, representing the upper limit in stocking for practical management (A curve) and minimum stocking for full site utilization (B curve).

Excavation of red squirrel middens by grizzly bears in the whitebark pine zone

USGS Publications Warehouse

Mattson, D.J.; Reinhart, Daniel P.

1997-01-01

Whitebark pine seeds Pinus albicaulis are an important food of grizzly Ursus arctos horribilis bears wherever whitebark pine is abundant in the contiguous United States of America; availability of seeds affects the distribution of bears, and the level of conflict between bears and humans. Almost all of the seeds consumed by bears are excavated from middens where red squirrels Tamiasciurus hudsonicus have cached whitebark pine cones.Relationships among the occupancy of middens by squirrels, the excavation of middens by bears, and site features were investigated in this study. Data were collected from radio-marked bears and from middens located from line transects on two study sites in the Yellowstone ecosystem.Densities of active middens were positively related to lodgepole pine Pinus contorta basal area and negatively related to steepness of slope.The probability that a midden was occupied by a squirrel (i.e. active) was positively related to lodgepole pine basal area in the surrounding stand, size of the midden and size of the whitebark pine cone crop, and negatively related to elevation and to bear excavation during the previous 2-12 months.The probability that a midden had been excavated by a bear during the previous 12 months was positively related to size of the midden, and to whitebark pine basal area and cone crop, and negatively related to nearness of roads and town sites.The influence of midden size on bear use was attributable to a positive relationship with the number of excavated cones. The positive association between bear excavations and whitebark pine basal area or cone crops was attributable to availability of pine seeds.Grizzly bears would benefit from the minimization of roads and other human facilities in the whitebark pine zone and from increases in the availability of whitebark pine seeds, potentially achieved by increasing the numbers of cone-producing whitebark pine trees, especially in lower elevations of the whitebark pine zone where red squirrels are more abundant.

Evaluation of natural succession of reclaimed coal mine land in western Kentucky

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Williamson, D.L.; Gray, R.B.

1996-12-31

In 1989 Peabody Coal Company began a comprehensive inventory program on roughly 2000 acres of reclaimed land in various stages of reforestation. Although the information gathered was intended for in-house use, accurate maps and records were created. Since the inception of public law 95-87, reclamation managers have discussed their observations that compaction and ground cover requirements make the establishment of tree seedlings extremely difficult and the role that this has played in natural regeneration. To examine this situation more closely an isolated area that had been seeded in 1987 to a tree compatible grass/legume ground cover was selected. The areamore » was tree planted in the spring of 1988 and again in the spring of 1989. The area is approximately 250 acres and is surrounded by unmined remnants of upland forest and cast overburden areas planted to trees in the late 1950`s. Trees observed in the unmined area included Red oak (Quercus rubra), white ash (Fraxinus americans) and Sugar maple (Acersaccharum). Trees observed on the previously mined area include Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), White pine (Pinus strobus), Sycamore (Platanus occidentalis), Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) and various other reclamation type species planted in the late 1950`s.« less

Phylogeography of Pinus armandii and Its Relatives: Heterogeneous Contributions of Geography and Climate Changes to the Genetic Differentiation and Diversification of Chinese White Pines

PubMed Central

Liu, Liu; Hao, Zhen-Zhen; Liu, Yan-Yan; Wei, Xiao-Xin; Cun, Yu-Zhi; Wang, Xiao-Quan

2014-01-01

Geographic barriers and Quaternary climate changes are two major forces driving the evolution, speciation, and genetic structuring of extant organisms. In this study, we used Pinus armandii and eleven other Asian white pines (subsection Strobus, subgenus Pinus) to explore the influences of geographic factors and Pleistocene climatic oscillations on species in South China, a region known to be centers of plant endemism and biodiversity hotspots. Range-wide patterns of genetic variation were investigated using chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA markers, with extensive sampling throughout the entire range of P. armandii. Both cpDNA and mtDNA revealed that P. armandii exhibits high levels of genetic diversity and significant population differentiation. Three geographically distinct subdivisions corresponding to the Qinling-Daba Mountains (QDM), Himalaya-Hengduan Mountains (HHM) and Yungui Plateau (YGP) were revealed in mainland China by cpDNA. Their break zone was located in the southeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). A series of massive mountains, induced by the QTP uplift, imposed significant geographic barriers to genetic exchange. The disjunct distribution patterns of ancestral haplotypes suggest that a large continuous population of the white pines may have existed from southwest to subtropical China. Repeated range shifts in response to the Pleistocene glaciations led to the isolation and diversification of the subtropical species. The two Taiwanese white pines share a common ancestor with the species in mainland China and obtain their chloroplasts via long-distance pollen dispersal from North Asian pines. Distinct genetic patterns were detected in populations from the Qinling-Daba Mountains, Yungui Plateau, Himalaya-Hengduan Mountains, and subtropical China, indicating significant contributions of geographic factors to the genetic differentiation in white pines. Our study depicts a clear picture of the evolutionary history of Chinese white pines and highlights the heterogeneous contributions of geography and Pleistocene climatic fluctuations to the extremely high plant species diversity and endemism in South China. PMID:24465789

Four Pine Species Grown at Four Spacings on the Eastern Highland Rim, Tennessee, After 30 Years

Treesearch

Martin R. Schubert; John C. Rennie; Scott E. Schlarbaum

2004-01-01

In 1966, four pine species [loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.), Virginia pine (P. virginiana Mill.), shortleaf pine (P. echinata Mill.) and eastern white pine (P. strobus L.)] were planted at four spacings (6 x 6 foot 9 x 9 foot 12 x 12 feet and 15 x 15 feet) on the eastern Highland Rim near...

Health of whitebark pine forests after mountain pine beetle outbreaks

Treesearch

Sandra Kegley; John Schwandt; Ken Gibson; Dana Perkins

2011-01-01

Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis), a keystone high-elevation species, is currently at risk due to a combination of white pine blister rust (WPBR) (Cronartium ribicola), forest succession, and outbreaks of mountain pine beetle (MPB) (Dendroctonus ponderosae). While recent mortality is often quantified by aerial detection surveys (ADS) or ground surveys, little...

Mountain pine beetle in high-elevation five-needle white pine ecosystems

Treesearch

Barbara Bentz; Elizabeth Campbell; Ken Gibson; Sandra Kegley; Jesse Logan; Diana Six

2011-01-01

Across western North America mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae), populations are growing at exponential rates in pine ecosystems that span a wide range of elevations. As temperature increased over the past several decades, the flexible, thermally-regulated life-history strategies of mountain pine beetle have allowed...

Gypsy moth impacts in pine-hardwood mixtures

Treesearch

Kurt W. Gottschalk; Mark J. Twery

1989-01-01

Gypsy moth has affected pine-hardwood mixtures, especially oak-pine stands, since the late 1800's. Several old and new studies on impacts in mixed stands are reviewed. When pines are heavily defoliated, considerable growth loss and mortality can occur. Mortality is heaviest in understory white pine trees, Impact information is used to suggest silvicultural...

Mountain Pine Beetle

Treesearch

Gene D. Amman; Mark D. McGregor; Robert E. Jr. Dolph

1989-01-01

The mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, is a member of a group of beetles known as bark beetles: Except when adults emerge and attack new trees, the mountain pine beetle completes its life cycle under the bark. The beetle attacks and kills lodgepole, ponderosa, sugar, and western white pines. Outbreaks frequently develop in lodgepole pine stands that...

Monitoring limber pine health in the Rocky Mountains and North Dakota

Treesearch

Kelly Burns; Jim Blodgett; Marcus Jackson; Brian Howell; William Jacobi; Anna Schoettle; Anne Marie Casper; Jennifer Klutsch

2011-01-01

Ecological impacts are occurring as white pine blister rust spreads and intensifies through ecologically and culturally important limber pine ecosystems of the Rocky Mountains and surrounding areas. The imminent threat of mountain pine beetle has heightened concerns. Therefore, information on the health status of limber pine is needed to facilitate management and...

Re-measurement of whitebark pine infection and mortality in the Canadian Rockies

Treesearch

Cyndi M. Smith; Brenda Shepherd; Cameron Gillies; Jon Stuart-Smith

2011-01-01

Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) populations are under threat across the species' range from white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola), mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae), fire exclusion and climate change (Tomback and Achuff 2010). Loss of whitebark pine is predicted to have cascading effects on the following ecological services: provision of...

Six-year results of a white pine seed-source test in West Virginia

Treesearch

G. W. Wendel; Franklin Cech

1976-01-01

The best white pine growth during a 6-year period in a West Virginia outplanting was obtained with seedlings grown from seed collected in Tennessee, Georgia, and North Carolina. These seed sources are recommended for plantings in West Virginia.

Girdling as a means of removing undesirable tree species from the western white pine type

Treesearch

Donald R. Brewster; Julius A. Larsen

1925-01-01

Western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) and white or grand fir (Abies grandis), two shade-tolerating species which are found in more or less abundance in the western white pine type in northern Idaho and northwestern Montana, must usually be classified as undesirable species silviculturally, and for several reasons. In both species the liability to infection by heart-rot...

Dimension lumber grades from white fir in Lakeview area.

Treesearch

E.E. Matson

1955-01-01

Production of white fir lumber in the western pine region amounted to a little more than a billion board feet in 1954, or about 13 percent of the output of pine-region sawmills. Moreover, production of the white fir lumber is expanding, and it is important to know what grades of lumber can be expected so that timber and log values can be more accurately appraised....

Plant community and white-tailed deer nutritional carrying capacity response to intercropping switchgrass in loblolly pine plantations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Greene, Ethan Jacob

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a cellulosic feedstock for alternative energy production that could grow well between planted pines (Pinus spp.). Southeastern planted pine occupies 15.8 million hectares and thus, switchgrass intercropping could affect biodiversity if broadly implemented. Therefore, I evaluated effects of intercropping switchgrass in loblolly pine (P. taeda L.) plantations on plant community diversity, plant biomass production, and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus Zimmerman) nutritional carrying capacity. In a randomized complete block design, I assigned three treatments (switchgrass intercropped, switchgrass monoculture, and a "control" of traditional pine management) to 4 replicates of 10-ha experimental units in Kemper County, Mississippi during 2014-2015. I detected 246 different plant species. Switchgrass intercropping reduced plant species richness and diversity but maintained evenness. I observed reduced forb and high-use deer forage biomass but only in intercropped alleys (interbeds). Soil micronutrient interactions affected forage protein of deer plants. White-tailed deer nutritional carrying capacity remained unaffected.

Shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) and hardwood regeneration after thinning natural shortleaf pine forests in southern United States

Treesearch

Anup KC; Thomas B. Lynch; James M. Guldin

2016-01-01

Understory pine and hardwood regeneration in the Ozark and Ouachita National Forests were measured in 1995 for the first time following thinning and hardwood control at plot establishment 1985-87. Red maple (Acer rubrum), shortleaf pine and flowering dogwood (Cornus florida) were the most frequently recorded species. Understory shortleaf pine stems have declined...

Red Pine Pocket Mortality - Unknown Cause (Pest Alert)

Treesearch

USDA Forest Service

1985-01-01

Continuing mortality of red pine from an unknown cause has been observed in 30 to 40 year old plantations in southern and west central Wisconsin. A single tree or small group of trees die, followed by mortality of adjacent trees. These circular pockets of dead trees expand up to 0.3 acre per year.

A dendrochronological fire history of Opeongo lookout in Algonquin Park, Ontario

Treesearch

Richard P. Guyette; Daniel C. Dey

1995-01-01

Fire-scarred stumps and natural snags of red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) on a 70-m tall bluff along Costello Creek, 2 km south of Lake Opeongo, were dated using dendrochronological methods. A fire scar chronology was constructed from 18 of the red pine samples that contained 34 dated fire scars.

Association of an insect-fungal complex with red pine decline in Wisconsin

Treesearch

Kier D. Klepzig; K.F. Raffa; E.B. Smalley

1991-01-01

Red pine decline, characterized by an expanding circular area of dead and declining trees, is becoming increasingly prevalent in Lake States plantations. A 3-year study was conducted to determine whether any insects, fungi, andor soil parameters were assoctated with this syndrome. The root collar weevil-Hylobius radicis, the pales weevil-...

An Ecological Context for Regenerating Mult-cohort, Mixed-species Red Pine Forests

Treesearch

Brian Palik; John Zasada

2003-01-01

Human disturbances have simplified the structure and composition of red pine forest, relative to historical conditions. A greater understanding of natureal disturbances and their role in generating complex stand structures, and their associated benefits, has increased interest in managing for mixed-species, multi-aged stands. We outline a conceptual approach for...

Species using red-cockaded woodpecker cavities in eastern Texas

Treesearch

Richard N. Conner; D. Craig Rudolph; Daniel Saenz; Richard R. Schaefer

1997-01-01

Because of its ability to excavate cavities in living pines, the Red-cockaded Woodpecker (Picoides borealis) is a keystone species in the tire-disclimax, pine ecosystems of the southeastern United States. Many species representing multiple taxonomic classes are dependent on this woodpecker species for the cavities it creates. We examined the...

Height growth of red pine on fine-textured soils.

Treesearch

David H. Alban; Donald H. Prettyman

1984-01-01

Height growth was determined by stem analysis for red pine in 12 natural and 10 planted stands on well-drained, fine textured soils. Growth closely followed the Gervorkiantz site index curves. When calculating site index, an age adjustment is desirable if the trees take longer than 8 years to attain breast height.

Effects of soil temperature and elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration on gas exchange, in vivo carboxylation and chlorophyll fluorescence in jack pine and white birch seedlings.

PubMed

Zhang, Shouren; Dang, Qing-Lai

2005-05-01

One-year-old jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) and current-year white birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.) seedlings were grown in ambient (360 ppm) or twice ambient (720 ppm) atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) and at three soil temperatures (Tsoil = 7, 17 and 27 degrees C initially, increased to 10, 20 and 30 degrees C two months later, respectively) in a greenhouse for 4 months. In situ foliar gas exchange, in vivo carboxylation characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence were measured after 2.5 and 4 months of treatment. Low Tsoil suppressed net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (g(s)) and transpiration rate (E) in jack pine in both CO2 treatments and g(s) and E in white birch in ambient [CO2], but enhanced instantaneous water-use efficiency (IWUE) in both species after 2.5 months of treatment. Treatment effects on g(s) and E remained significant throughout the 4-month study. Low Tsoil reduced maximal carboxylation rate (Vcmax) and PAR-saturated electron transport rate (Jmax) in jack pine in elevated [CO2] after 2.5 months of treatment, but not after 4 months of treatment. Low Tsoil increased actual photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) in the light (DeltaF/Fm') in jack pine, but decreased DeltaF/Fm' in white birch after 4 months of treatment. In response to low Tsoil, photosynthetic linear electron transport to carboxylation (Jc) decreased in jack pine after 2.5 months and in white birch after 4 months of treatment. Low Tsoil increased the ratio of the photosynthetic linear electron transport to oxygenation (Jo) to the total photosynthetic linear electron transport rate through PSII (Jo/J(T)) in both species after 2.5 months of treatment, but the effects became statistically insignificant in white birch after 4 months of treatment. High Tsoil decreased foliar N concentration in white birch. Elevated [CO2] increased Pn, IWUE and Jc but decreased Jo/J(T) in both species at both measurement times except Jc in white birch after 2.5 months of treatment. Elevated [CO2] also decreased g(s) and E in white birch at high Tsoil, Vcmax in both species and triose phosphate utilization in white birch at low Tsoil after 4 months of treatment, and DeltaF/Fm' in white birch after 2.5 months of treatment. Elevated [CO2] also increased foliar N concentration in both species. Low Tsoil caused no permanent damage to PSII in either species, but jack pine responded and acclimated to low Tsoil more quickly than white birch. Photosynthetic down-regulation and a decrease in photosynthetic electron transport to photorespiration occurred in both species in response to elevated [CO2].

How to recognize blister rust infection on whitebark pine

Treesearch

Ray J. Hoff

1992-01-01

Color photographs show how white pine blister rust can be identified. In addition, the photographs show how pines resistant to the fungus could be identified. Such trees could be used to develop a new variety of whitebark pine that is resistant to blister rust.

Antibiotic Treatment of Blister Rust Cankers in Eastern White Pine

Treesearch

William R. Phelps; Ray Weber

1970-01-01

Cycloheximide (Acti-dione) and Phytoactin antibiotics, applied as basal stem treatments, aerial spray treatments, and complete foliar drenches were not effective in controlling blister rust cankers in eastern white pine. Cycloheximide was effective in suppressing canker activity and growth if directly applied to scarified cankers.

Dead western white pine: characteristics, product recovery, and problems associated with utilization.

Treesearch

Thomas A. Snellgrove; James M. Cahill

1980-01-01

When a western white pine (Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don) tree dies, it undergoes a series of physical changes. The effects of these changes on product recovery are evaluated. Tabular information and prediction equations provide the tools necessary for using this resource.

Antibiotics Do Not Control Blister Rust in Eastern White Pine Seedlings

Treesearch

William R. Phelps; Ray Weber

1968-01-01

To prevent blister rust infections in Eastern white pine seedlings, the antibiotics, cycloheximide (acti-dione) and Phytoactin, were tested in root dips, root slurries, and foliar drenches before planting and after planting the trees. None of the methods and materials tested was effective.

Growth-climate relationships across topographic gradients in the northern Great Lakes

USGS Publications Warehouse

Dymond, S.F.; D'Amato, A.W.; Kolka, R.K.; Bolstad, P.V.; Sebestyen, S.D.; Bradford, John B.

2016-01-01

Climatic conditions exert important control over the growth, productivity, and distribution of forests, and characterizing these relationships is essential for understanding how forest ecosystems will respond to climate change. We used dendrochronological methods to develop climate–growth relationships for two dominant species, Populus tremuloides (quaking aspen) and Pinus resinosa (red pine), in the upper Great Lakes region to understand how climate and water availability influence annual forest productivity. Trees were sampled along a topographic gradient at the Marcell Experimental Forest (Minnesota, USA) to assess growth response to variations in temperature and different water availability metrics (precipitation, potential evapotranspiration (PET), cumulative moisture index (CMI), and soil water storage). Climatic variables were able to explain 33–58% of the variation in annual growth (as measured by ring-width increment) for quaking aspen and 37–74% of the variation for red pine. Climate–growth relationships were influenced by topography for quaking aspen but not for red pine. Annual ring growth for quaking aspen decreased with June CMI on ridges, decreased with temperature in the November prior to the growing season on sideslopes, and decreased with June PET on toeslopes. Red pine growth increased with increasing July PET across all topographic positions. These results indicate the sensitivity of both quaking aspen and red pine to local climate and show several vulnerabilities of these species to shifts in water supply and temperature because of climate change.

Lignin-modifying enzymes of the white rot basidiomycete Ganoderma lucidum

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

D /Souza, T.M.; Merritt, C.S.; Reddy, C.A.

1999-12-01

Ganoderma lucidum, a white rot basidiomycete widely distributed worldwide, was studied for the production of the lignin-modifying enzymes laccase, manganese-dependent peroxidase (MnP), and lignin peroxidase (LiP). Laccase levels observed in high-nitrogen shaken cultures were much greater than those seen in low-nitrogen, malt extract, or wool-grown cultures and those reported for most other white rot fungi to date. Laccase production was readily seen in cultures grown with pine or poplar as the sole carbon and energy source. Cultures containing both pine and poplar showed 5- to 10-fold-higher levels of laccase than cultures containing pine or poplar alone. Since syringyl units aremore » structural components important in poplar lignin and other hardwoods but much less so in pine lignin and other softwoods, pine cultures were supplemented with syringic acid, and this resulted in laccase levels comparable to those seen in pine-plus-poplar cultures. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of concentrated extracellular culture fluid from HM cultures showed two laccase activity bands, where as isoelectric focusing revealed five major laccase activity bands with estimated pIs of 3.0, 4.25, 4.5, and 5.1. Low levels of MnP activity were detected in poplar-grown cultures but not in cultures grown with pine, with pine plus syringic acid, or in HN medium. No LiP activity was seen in any of the media tested; however, probing the genomic DNA with the LiP cDNA (CLG4) from the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium showed distinct hybridization bands suggesting the presence of lip-like sequences in G. lucidum.« less

Deer prefer pine seedlings growing near black locust

Treesearch

Walter H. Davidson

1970-01-01

The presence of volunteer black locust seems to make some pine species on a bituminous coal spoil more palatable to white-tailed deer. Seedlings of jack pine, pitch pine, and Austrian pine were browsed more heavily when within 10 feet of a black locust than when farther away. The nitrogen produced by the black locust may have caused more succulent tissue in the pines....

Regeneration of Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine (Pinus aristata) and limber pine (Pinus flexilis) three decades after stand-replacing fires

Treesearch

Jonathan D. Coop; Anna W. Schoettle

2009-01-01

Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine (Pinus aristata) and limber pine (Pinus flexilis) are important highelevation pines of the southern Rockies that are forecast to decline due to the recent spread of white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola) into this region. Proactive management strategies to promote the evolution of rust resistance and maintain ecosystem function...

Native ectomycorrhizal fungi of limber and whitebark pine: Necessary for forest sustainability?

Treesearch

Cathy L. Cripps; Robert K. Antibus

2011-01-01

Ectomycorrhizal fungi are an important component of northern coniferous forests, including those of Pinus flexilis (limber pine) and P. albicaulis (whitebark pine) which are being decimated by white pine blister rust and mountain pine beetles. Ectomycorrhizal fungi are known to promote seedling establishment, tree health, and may play a role in forest sustainability....

Regenerating Longleaf Pine on Hydric Soils: Short- and Long-term Effects on Native Ground-Layer Vegetation

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-06-16

trees required for red - cockaded woodpecker foraging. On landscapes where foraging habitat is extremely limited, site preparation choices that...inkberry) and Persea borbonia ( red bay) are evergreen with somewhat waxy green leaves and the potential to grow taller than 3 m. Of the deciduous taxa...shrub abundance in a pine savanna. Ecology 87:1331-1337. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2004. Red -cockaded woodpecker recovery plan. Washington , DC

Cone Analysis of Southern Pines - A Guidebook

Treesearch

D.L. Bramlett; E.W. Belcher; G.L. DeBarr; G.D. Hertel; Robert P. Karrfalt; C.W. Lantz; T. Miller; K.D. Ware; H.O. Yates

1977-01-01

Southern pine tree improvement programs require an ample supply of improved seeds, but productron from southern pine seed orchards has often been disappointing. If high productron is to be malntained yields must be monitored and causes of seed losses must be identified. Techniques for determining seed efficiency were first used for red pine, Pinus resinosa...

AmeriFlux US-Ha2 Harvard Forest Hemlock Site

DOE Data Explorer

Munger, William [Harvard University

2016-01-01

This is the AmeriFlux version of the carbon flux data for the site US-Ha2 Harvard Forest Hemlock Site. Site Description - The forest surrounding the Hemlock site has remained pristine with two exceptions. In the early to mid-1700s, European settlers cleared the majority of the forest for agricultural purposes. Selective harvesting of hemlock and chestnut trees occurred up until the early 1900s, when the chestnut blight killed all of the chestnut trees. In the current forest, about 83% of the total basal area of trees is hemlock. The remainder is equally divided between eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) and deciduous species, including red maple (Acer rubrum), red oak (Quercus rubra) and black birch (Betula lenta). A very thick organic layer (10-20 cm or more) covers the soil surface, and highly decayed coarse woody debris is abundant.

Fusarium spp. and Pinus strobus seedlings: root disease pathogens and taxa associated with seed

Treesearch

C. M. Ocamb; J. Juzwik; F. B. Martin

2002-01-01

Eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L .) seeds were sown in soil infested wlth Fusarium proliferatum, root necrosis developed on seedling roots, and F. proliferatum as reisolated from symptomatic roots; thus, demonstrating that F. proliferatum is pathogenic to eastern white pine seedling. Soils...

Release, browse damage, and growth of young white pines

Treesearch

Thomas W. McConkey

1960-01-01

Exactly what happens to young white pine seedlings that have been released from hardwood competition and allowed to grow, subject to browse damage, for a 7-year period? Some indications of the results of such treatment can be seen from recent work on the Massabesic Experimental Forest in Maine.

Effect of pruning on growth of western white pine

Treesearch

Austin E. Helmers

1946-01-01

Pruning for production of clear lumber is being recognized more and more as a desirable silvicultural measure. The author's study on western white pine confirms earlier findings on other species that not more than one-third of the line crown should be removed in any pruning operation.

AmeriFlux CA-TP1 Ontario - Turkey Point 2002 Plantation White Pine

DOE Data Explorer

Arain, M. Altaf [McMaster University

2016-01-01

This is the AmeriFlux version of the carbon flux data for the site CA-TP1 Ontario - Turkey Point 2002 Plantation White Pine. Site Description - Plantation established in 2002 on a former sandy agricultural field, which was abandoned three years prior to planting

A holistic approach to genetic conservation of Pinus strobiformis

Treesearch

K.M. Waring; R. Sniezko; B.A. Goodrich; C. Wehenkel; J.J. Jacobs

2017-01-01

Pinus strobiformis (southwestern white pine) is threatened by both a rapidly changing climate and the tree disease white pine blister rust, caused by an introduced fungal pathogen, Cronartium ribicola. We began a proactive program in ~2009 to sustain P. strobiformis that includes genetic conservation, research, and management strategies. Research...

Congruent climate-related genecological responses from molecular markers and quantitative traits for western white pine (Pinus monticola)

Treesearch

Bryce A. Richardson; Gerald E. Rehfeldt; Mee-Sook Kim

2009-01-01

Analyses of molecular and quantitative genetic data demonstrate the existence of congruent climate-related patterns in western white pine (Pinus monticola). Two independent studies allowed comparisons of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers with quantitative variation in adaptive traits. Principal component analyses...

Eastern White Pine Seed Source Trials: Ten-Year Results From Three Midwestern Plantations

Treesearch

David T. Funk

1971-01-01

Ten-year-old eastern white pine trees from southern Appalachian sources growing in southern Illinois and southern Indiana are taller and have fewer branches for their size than trees from other sources. In a northeastern Iowa plantation, the "best" seed source is not yet apparent.

Management

Treesearch

L.J. Barrett

1934-01-01

The Station has received recent inquiries regarding site index curves for species other than the mixed hardwood stands for which such data are already available, The attached curves for second growth yellow poplar and white pine will be found suitable for approximate site determinations in the Southern Appachians. The white pine curves are based upon measurements of...

Epidemiology for hazard rating of white pine blister rust

Treesearch

Eugene P. Van Arsdel; Brian W. Geils; Paul J. Zambino

2006-01-01

The ability to assess the potential for a severe infestation of white pine blister rust is an important management tool. Successful hazard rating requires a proper understanding of blister rust epidemiology, including environmental and genetic factors. For the blister rust caused by Cronartium ribicola, climate and meteorology, and the ecology,...

Distribution of Ribes, an alternate host of white pine blister rust, in Colorado and Wyoming

Treesearch

Holly S. J. Kearns; William R. Jacobi; Kelly S. Burns; Brian W. Geils

2008-01-01

Ribes (currants and gooseberries) are alternate hosts for Cronartium ribicola, the invasive fungus that causes blister rust of white pines (Pinus, subgenus Strobus) in the Rocky Mountain region of Colorado and Wyoming. The location, species, and density of Ribes can affect...

White pine provenances for Christmas trees in eastern Kentucky and Ohio

Treesearch

Russell S. Walters; Russell S. Walters

1971-01-01

In a study of trees grown from seed obtained from 16 regions throughout the natural range of white pine (Pinus strobus L.), the best Christmas tree qualities were found in trees grown from seed that came from the Appalachian Mountain regions and from lower Michigan.

Identification of the botanical origin of pine nuts found in food products by gas-liquid chromatography analysis of fatty acid profile.

PubMed

Destaillats, Frédéric; Cruz-Hernandez, Cristina; Giuffrida, Francesca; Dionisi, Fabiola

2010-02-24

Pine nuts are traditionally used in various part of the world for the preparation of desserts or sauces or in salads. Local production is not sufficient to cope with the high demand of pine nuts around the world, and countries such as China or Pakistan are exporting much of their production to Western countries. Almost all the nuts that are traditionally consumed belong to the Pinus genus, but over the past years, the number of consumer complaints following consumption of commercial pine nuts increased. Some consumers experienced taste disturbance lasting for up to two weeks after consumption. Food safety agencies raised some concerns regarding pine nuts imported from Asia and their association with taste disturbance. However, even though a formal association has not been found to date, the Pinus genus comprises species that are not classified as edible and could be eventually used to adulterate edible species. Pinus spp. seed lipids are known to contain very specific polyunsaturated fatty acids know as Delta5-olefinic acids. Seed fatty acid profile of conifers had been used in the past as a taxonomic marker, and in the present study to identify the botanical origin of pine nut in nine commercial products. Fast gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) was used to resolve the complete fatty acid profile of Pinus spp. samples in less than 5 min. A diagnostic index based on the relative levels of the main fatty acids including distinctive Delta5-olefinic acids was used to identify botanical origins. Results revealed the occurrence of the following Pinus spp. in commercial products: P. pinea, P. koraiensis, P. gerardiana, P. armandii and P. massoniana. The later two species, known as Chinese white pine and Chinese red pine, are only cultivated in China and are not listed as common source of edible pine nuts by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). The present study shows that the botanical origin of pine nuts can be identified in products based on the fatty acid profile.

Performance of red pine and Japanese larch planted on anthracite coal-breaker refuse

Treesearch

Miroslaw M. Czapowskyj

1973-01-01

Red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) and Japanese larch (Larix leptolepis (Sieb. and Zucc.) Gord.) seedlings were planted on coal-breaker refuse with all combinations of two levels of lime, two levels of fertilizer, and four mulch treatments. The site was highly unfavorable as a medium for tree growth, and the 4-year results show...

Stand conditions and tree characteristics affect quality of longleaf pine for red-cockaded woodpecker cavity trees

Treesearch

W.G. Ross; D.L. Kulhavy; R.N. Conner

1997-01-01

We measured resin flow of longleaf (Pinus palustris Mill.) pines in red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis Vieillot) clusters in the Angelina National Forest in Texas, and the Apalachicola National Forest in Florida. Sample trees were categorized as active cavity trees, inactive cavity trees and control trees. Sample trees were further...

The problem of site variation within red pine provenance experiments

Treesearch

Mark J. Holst

1966-01-01

In spite of care taken in the selection of site and experimental design of provenance experiments, site heterogenity within the experimental area may be more complex than was anticipated when the experiment was established. The present paper describes a problem of this nature encountered in a red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) provenance experiment at...

Estimating investment returns from growing red pine.

Treesearch

Allen L. Lundgren

1966-01-01

This paper describes how to estimate present values of incomes and costs in growing red pine trees for sale as cordwood or sawtimber, and how to calculate expectation values and rates of return for a wide range of timber-growing conditions, using the tables of expectation value indexes and interest rate multipliers provided. It illustrates how to compare investment...

Chloroplast microsatellites reveal population genetic diversity in red pine, Pinus resinosa Ait

Treesearch

Craig S. Echt; L.L. DeVerno; M. Anzidei; G.G. Vendramin

1998-01-01

Variation in paternally inherited chloroplast microsatellite (cpSSR) DNA was used to study population genetic structure in red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.), a species characterized by morphological uniformity, no allozyme variation, and limited RAPD variation. Using nine cpSSR loci, a total of 23 chloroplast haplotypes and 25 cpSSR alleles were were...

Initial thinning in red pine plantations.

Treesearch

John H. Cooley

1969-01-01

Response to thinning in six red pine plantations in Lower Michigan supported previous findings by showing basal area growth to vary little over a wide range of residual densities. Furthermore, the method of selecting trees for removal in the first thinning had little or no influence on basal area growth. However, the immediate effect of thinning on average stand...

Long-term management impacts on carbon storage in Lake States forests

Treesearch

Matthew Powers; Randall Kolka; Brian Palik; Rachel McDonald; Martin Jurgensen

2011-01-01

We examined carbon storage following 50+ years of forest management in two long-term silvicultural studies in red pine and northern hardwood ecosystems of North America’s Great Lakes region. The studies contrasted various thinning intensities (red pine) or selection cuttings, shelterwoods, and diameter-limit cuttings (northern hardwoods) to unmanaged controls of...

Red-cockaded woodpeckers and silvicultural practice: is uneven-aged silviculture preferable to even-aged?

Treesearch

D. Craig Rudolph; Richard N. Conner

1996-01-01

The endangered red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis) has become a high-profile management issue in the southeastern United States. Suitable habitat consists of mature to old pine, or mixed pine-hardwood forest, with minimal hardwood midstory vegetation. Loss of habitat, detrimental silvicultural practices, and changes in the fire regime have...

Distribution of bark beetle attacks after whitebark pine restoration treatments: A case study

Treesearch

Kristen M. Waring; Diana L. Six

2005-01-01

Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis Engelm.), an important component of high elevation ecosystems in the western United States and Canada, is declining due to fire exclusion, white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola J.C. Fisch.), and mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins). This study was...

Proceedings of the Eighth Lake States Forest Tree Improvement conference, Sept. 12-13, 1967.

Treesearch

NCFES

1968-01-01

Presents 11 papers concerning recent research in forest genetics, physiology, and allied fields. Species discussed include red pine, jack pine, Scotch pine, black spruce, larch, yellow birch, sugar maple, silver maple, cottonwood, and walnut.

Developing proactive management options to sustain bristlecone and limber pine ecosystems in the presence of a non-native pathogen

Treesearch

A. W. Schoettle

2004-01-01

Limber pine and Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine are currently threatened by the non-native pathogen white pine blister rust (WPBR). Limber pine is experiencing mortality in the Northern Rocky Mountains and the infection front continues to move southward. The first report of WPBR on Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine was made in 2003 (Blodgett and Sullivan 2004), at a site...

A review of the literature on seed fate in whitebark pine and the life history traits of Clark’s nutcracker and pine squirrels.

Treesearch

Teresa J. Lorenz; Carol Aubry; Robin. Shoal

2008-01-01

Whitebark pine is a critical component of subalpine ecosystems in western North America, where it contributes to biodiversity and ecosystem function and in some communities is considered a keystone species. Whitebark pine is undergoing rangewide population declines attributed to the combined effects of mountain pine beetle, white pine blister rust, and fire suppression...

Impact of weed control and fertilization on growth of four species of pine in the Virginia Piedmont

Treesearch

Dzhamal Y. Amishev; Thomas R. Fox

2006-01-01

During 1999, a mixed stand of Virginia pine and hardwoods in the Piedmont of Virginia was clearcut and site prepared by burning. Three replications, containing strips of loblolly pine, shortleaf pine, Virginia pine, and Eastern white pine, were planted at a 3 m x 1.5 m spacing during February to June, 2000. The strips were subsequently split to accommodate four...

Differential response of Scots pine seedlings to variable intensity and ratio of red and far-red light.

PubMed

Razzak, Abdur; Ranade, Sonali Sachin; Strand, Åsa; García-Gil, M R

2017-08-01

We investigated the response to increasing intensity of red (R) and far-R (FR) light and to a decrease in R:FR ratio in Pinus sylvestris L. (Scots pine) seedling. The results showed that FR high-irradiance response for hypocotyl elongation may be present in Scots pine and that this response is enhanced by increasing light intensity. However, both hypocotyl inhibition and pigment accumulation were more strongly affected by the R light compared with FR light. This is in contrast to previous reports in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. In the angiosperm, A. thaliana R light shows an overall milder effect on inhibition of hypocotyl elongation and on pigment biosynthesis compared with FR suggesting conifers and angiosperms respond very differently to the different light regimes. Scots pine shade avoidance syndrome with longer hypocotyls, shorter cotyledons and lower chlorophyll content in response to shade conditions resembles the response observed in A. thaliana. However, anthocyanin accumulation increased with shade in Scots pine, which again differs from what is known in angiosperms. Overall, the response of seedling development and physiology to R and FR light in Scots pine indicates that the regulatory mechanism for light response may differ between gymnosperms and angiosperms. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Site preparation as an aid to sugar pine regeneration

Treesearch

H.A. Fowells

1944-01-01

On many thousands of acres of cut-over timber lands in California, brush of various species has gained such control of the soil that the success of natural reproduction is problematical. This condition is particularly serious in the high site quality sugar pine-white fir and sugar pine-ponderosa pine types, where the maintenance of sugar pine in the stands is a...

Limber Pine and White Pine Blister Rust Monitoring and Assessment Guide for Rocky Mountain National Park

Treesearch

Christy M. Cleaver; Kelly S. Burns; Anna W. Schoettle

2017-01-01

Limber pine, designated by Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP) as a Species of Management Concern, is a keystone species that maintains ecosystem structure, function, and biodiversity. Limber pine is declining in the park due to the interacting effects of recent severe droughts and the climate-exasperated mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) outbreak, and is...

Influence of fire on mycorrhizal colonization of planted and natural whitebark pine seedlings: Ecology and management implications

Treesearch

Paul E. Trusty; Cathy L. Cripps

2011-01-01

Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) is a threatened keystone species in subalpine zones of Western North America that plays a role in watershed dynamics and maintenance of high elevation biodiversity (Schwandt, 2006). Whitebark pine has experienced significant mortality due to white pine blister rust, mountain pine beetle outbreaks and successional replacement possibly...

Limber pine seed and seedling planting experiment in Waterton Lakes National Park, Canada

Treesearch

Cyndi M. Smith; Graeme Poll; Cameron Gillies; Celina Praymak; Eileen Miranda; Justin Hill

2011-01-01

Limber pine plays an important role in the harsh environments in which it lives, providing numerous ecological services, especially because its large, wingless seeds serve as a high energy food source for many animals. Limber pine populations are declining due to a combination of white pine blister rust, mountain pine beetle, drought, and fire suppression. Outplanting...

Western yellow pine in Arizona and New Mexico

Treesearch

Theodore S. Woolsey

1911-01-01

Western yellow pine is to the Southwest what white pine is to the Northeast, or longleaf pine to the Southeast. The commercial forests of Arizona and New Mexico are three-fourths western yellow pine, which furnishes by far the greater part of the lumber used locally as well as that shipped to outside markets. To describe the characteristics of the species and to...

Characterization of microsatellite markers in eastern white pine

Treesearch

C. S. Echt; P. May-Marquardt; M. Hseih; R. Zahorchak

1996-01-01

An enrichment cloning method was evaluated for the isolation of microsatellite loci from eastern white pine and the resulting markers were examined for polymorphisms. A 200-fold enrichment was achieved for highly abundant (AC)n repeats, but for much less abundant (ACAG)n repeats an enrichment of only 20-fold was obtained....

Silvics of western white pine

Treesearch

Charles A. Wellner

1962-01-01

Western white pine grows along west coast mountain ranges from Vancouver Island and the Homathko River on the adjacent mainland in British Columbia southward to the San Bernardino Mountains of southern California (13, 65, 75, 83). In the interior its range is from Quesnel Lake through the Selkirk Mountains of British Columbia southward into northern Idaho, western...

Root Disease Incidence in Eastern White Pine Plantations With and Without Symptoms of Ozone Injury in the Coweeta Basin of North Carolina

Treesearch

Theodor D. Leininger; W.E. Winner; S.A. Alexander

1990-01-01

A survey was conducted in the Coweeta Basin, Macon County, North Carolina, to determine the incidence of root diseases and their relatedness to ozone symptomatology in two eastern white pine (Pinus strobes) plantations. Heterobasidion annosum was isolated from

What's known about managing eastern white pine

Treesearch

Charles R. Lockard

1959-01-01

At the 1957 meeting of the Northeastern Forest Research Advisory Council the comment was made that although Eastern white pine has been the most studied forest tree species in the Northeast, the only literature on the management of the species was in reports on isolated and uncoordinated studies. There was no comprehensive compendium of knowledge.

Eastern white pine secondary manufacturers: consumption, markets, and marketing

Treesearch

Delton Alderman; Robert Smith; Scott Bowe

2007-01-01

In the United States, eastern white pine (EWP) is used in the manufacture of interior planks, clapboards, furniture, doors and windows, decorative veneers, and moulding/millwork. Additional value-added markets for EWP raw material include toys, woodenware, novelties, signs, caskets, and products used in building construction (EWP furring was formerly a leading...

Field Bioassays of Synthetic Pheromones and Host Monoterpenes for Conophthorus coniperda (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

Treesearch

Peter de Groot; Gary L. DeBarr; Goran Birgersson

1998-01-01

Four major monoterpenes, (±)-a-pinene,1 (S)-(-)-ß-pinene,(R)-(+)-limonene, and myrcene are found in the cones of eastern white pines, Pinus strobus L. Mixtures ofthese, as well as. a-pinene or ß-pinene alone. increased catches of male white pine cone...

Deception Creek Experimental Forest

Treesearch

Theresa B. Jain; Russell T. Graham

1996-01-01

Deception Creek Experimental Forest is in one of the most productive forests in the Rocky Mountains. When the forest was established in 1933, large, old-age western white pine (Pinus monticola) were important for producing lumber products. The forest, located in the Coeur d'Alene Mountains, is in the heart of the western white pine forest type. Therefore, research...

Deception Creek Experimental Forest (Idaho)

Treesearch

Russell T. Graham; Theresa B. Jain

2004-01-01

Deception Creek Experimental Forest is located in one of the most productive forests of the Rocky Mountains. When the forest was established in 1933, large, old western white pines were important for producing lumber products, matches, and toothpicks. Deception Creek is located in the heart of the western white pine forest type, allowing researchers to focus on the...

Attraction of Pissodes affinis and P. fasciatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) to pityol and a-pinene in a Coastal Stand of Western White Pine and Douglas-fir

Treesearch

Daniel R. Miller; Don Heppner

1999-01-01

Lindgren multiple-funnel traps, baited with (-)-a-pinene and (±)-pityol, captured significant numbers of the weevils, Pissodes affinis Randall and P. fasciatus LeConte, in a coastal stand of Douglas-fir and western white pine.

76 FR 34097 - Notice of Availability of the Draft Environmental Impact Statement, Including a Draft...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-10

... Impact Statement, Including a Draft Programmatic Agreement, for the Clark, Lincoln, and White Pine...), which is included as an Appendix to the EIS, for the Southern Nevada Water Authority's (SNWA) Clark...--Central Nevada Regional Water Authority, White Pine, Lincoln, and Clark counties (NV); and Juab, Millard...

Pole blight of western white pine

Treesearch

Charles D. Leaphart; Otis L. Copeland; Donald P. Graham

1957-01-01

Pole blight is one of the most serious diseases of western white pine (Pinus monticola Dougl.) and is restricted to that species. The disease is given this name because it affects pole-size trees primarily, usually those within the 40- to 100-year age class, although trees both younger and older are occasionally affected.

Size-density metrics, leaf area, and productivity in eastern white pine

Treesearch

J. C. Innes; M. J. Ducey; J. H. Gove; W. B. Leak; J. P. Barrett

2005-01-01

Size-density metrics are used extensively for silvicultural planning; however, they operate on biological assumptions that remain relatively untested. Using data from 12 even-aged stands of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) growing in southern New Hampshire, we compared size-density metrics with stand productivity and its biological components,...

77 FR 46516 - Notice of Availability of the Final Environmental Impact Statement, Including a Programmatic...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-03

... Groundwater Development Project, Nevada AGENCY: Bureau of Land Management, Interior. ACTION: Notice of... White Pine Counties Groundwater Development Project (SNWA Project), and by this notice is announcing the... Drive, Las Vegas Libraries in Nevada: Nevada State Library, 100 N. Stewart St., Carson City White Pine...

Variation in monoterpene content among geographic sources of eastern white pine

Treesearch

A.R. Gilmore; J.J. Jokela

1977-01-01

Variations of monoterpenes in cortical oleoresins and foliar samples were determined for seed from 16 provenances of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.). The experiment was analyzed using the "raw" and the arcsine "transformed" data. Alpha-pinene, camphene, and β-pinene varied between seed sources when "raw" data were analyzed...

A guide for salvaging white pine injured by forest fires

Treesearch

Thomas W. McConkey; Donald R. Gedney

1951-01-01

White pine forests are severely damaged by forest fires. Generally a fire kills all trees less than 20 feet high immediately. Larger trees may die later, depending on the degree of injury. Salvage operations must be started soon after a fire, because insects and fungi quickly attack trees that are killed.

Natural regeneration following timber harvest in interior cedar-hemlock-white pine forests

Treesearch

Dennis E. Ferguson

1994-01-01

Natural regeneration of interior cedar-hemlock-white pine forests is usually prompt and abundant. These productive sites support up to 10 commercial timber species. Retrospective examination of cutover forest stands allowed determination of variables that are important predictors of regeneration. This report discusses variables such as habitat type, slope, aspect,...

Controlled burning in the western white pine type

Treesearch

Kenneth P. Davis; Karl A. Klehm

1939-01-01

Controlled burning admittedly is a highly controversial procedure, but the authors show that under certain conditions when adequate precautionary measures are taken it has a definite place in western white pine forest management. More important still, the authors describe the conditions under which it is useful, the precautionary measures that must he taken, the...

Height growth in western white pine progenies

Treesearch

G. E. Rehfeldt; R. J. Steinhoff

1970-01-01

Heights of 31 progenies of western white pines from four geographic localities and four crosses between localities were assessed on 14-year-old trees at two sites. Differences in height among individual progenies were detected but could not be related to localities or crosses between localities. Although differential effects of sites on tree height became apparent...

OVERVIEW OF GOLD HILL MILL, ROAD, AND WHITE PINE TALC ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

OVERVIEW OF GOLD HILL MILL, ROAD, AND WHITE PINE TALC MINE LOOKING EAST. THE OPENING TO THE TALC MINE IS IN THE DARK AREA AT CENTER LEFT EDGE. WARM SPRINGS CAMP IS OUT OF FRAME TO THE RIGHT. - Gold Hill Mill, Warm Spring Canyon Road, Death Valley Junction, Inyo County, CA

A summary of white pine blister rust research in the Lake States.

Treesearch

Ralph L. Anderson

1973-01-01

Summarizes white pine blister rust research in the Lake States and present status of knowledge. Important microclimatic relations are described. Antibiotics are not effective, whereas pruning provides some control. Genetic resistance shows much promise but may be complicated by pathogenic races. The effectiveness of ribes eradication is open to question.

Joint proceedings of the 10th Lake States Forest Tree Improvement Conference & 7th Central States Forest Tree Improvement Conference, September 22-24, 1971.

Treesearch

USDA FS

1973-01-01

Presents 12 papers concerning recent research in forest genetics, physiology, and allied fields. Species discussed include cottonwood, white spruce, jack pine, white pine, aspen, and others. Emphasizes the role of tree improvement in increasing wood-fiber production.

Hybridization in naturally regenerated shortleaf pine as affected by the distance to nearby artificially regenerated stands of loblolly pine

Treesearch

John F. Stewart; Charles G. Tauer; James M. Guldin; C. Dana Nelson

2013-01-01

The natural range of shortleaf pine encompasses 22 states from New York to Texas, second only to eastern white pine in the eastern United States. It is a species of minor and varying occurrence in most of these states usually found in association with other pines, but it is the only naturally occurring pine in the northwestern part of its range in Oklahoma, Arkansas,...

Management of Maritime Communities for Threatened and Endangered Species.

DTIC Science & Technology

1998-05-01

S) mulletbush (B. halimifolia) (S) American barberry (Berchemia scandens) (L) Virginia creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia) (L) winged sumac...include coastal red cedar {Juniperus silicicola), red bay ( Persea borbonia), live oak (Quercus virginiana) and cabbage palm (Sabal palmetto; Stalter...scattered pines. The canopy is composed of live oak, slash pine, myrtle oak (Quercus myrtifolia), American olive (Osmanthus americanus), Chapman’s oak

The Impact of Insects on Second-Year Cone Crops in Red Pine Seed-Production Areas

Treesearch

William J. Mattson

1968-01-01

Second-year cone crops in red pine seed-production areas have been severely damaged by five species of insects. Control of the two most destructive pests could increase present seed yields in most areas by at least 50 percent. Some seed-production areas may not produce harvestable seed crops until cone-insect populations are suppressed.

Distribution of the cone insect, Dioryctria disclusa, in red pine.

Treesearch

William J. Mattson

1976-01-01

Within the crowns of red pine, Pinus resinosa Ait., trees, larvae of the cone insect, Dioryctria disclusa Heinrich, tended to follow the distributions of their foods. Between-tree distributions of larvae, however, were relatable to food distributions in only two of five years. Cone damage/tree by D. disclusa increased linearly with cone abundance per tree when insect...

Detection and mapping of mountain pine beetle red attack: Matching information needs with appropriate remotely sensed data

Treesearch

M. A. Wulder; J. C. White; B. J. Bentz

2005-01-01

Estimates of the location and extent of the red attack stage of mountain pine beetle (Dentroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) infestations are critical for forest management. The degree of spatial and temporal precision required for these estimates varies according to the management objectives and the nature of the infestation. This paper outlines a hierarchy of information...

A new look at red pine financial returns in the Lake States.

Treesearch

David C. Lothner; Dennis P. Bradley

1984-01-01

Describes the financial performance of red pine on site index 60, 70, and 80 lands by using new yield evidence and up-to-date cost and revenue assumptions. Best combinations of initial stocking, residual basal area after thinning, an rotation age are identified for two different financial criteria: soil expectation value and internal rate of return.

Augmenting the existing survey hierarchy for mountain pine beetle red-attack damage with satellite remotely sensed data

Treesearch

M. A. Wulder; J. C. White; B. J. Bentz; T. Ebata

2006-01-01

Estimates of the location and extent of the red-attack stage of mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) infestations are critical for forest management. The degree of spatial and temporal precision required for these estimates varies according to the management objectives and the nature of the infestation. This paper outlines the range...

An improved growth intercept method for estimating site index of red pine.

Treesearch

David H. Alban

1972-01-01

Equations for predicting red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) site index from various internode lengths were developed from ring counts on sectioned trees form 69 natural stands in Minnesota. The precision of estimating site index was much improved by measuring the 5-year growth intercept beginning at 7 feet above the ground rather than at the conventional breast height....

Specific gravity relationships in plantation-grown red pine

Treesearch

Gregory Baker; James E. Shottafer

1968-01-01

Norway or red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) has been popular in Maine for forest planting because it will rapidly convert grass and weed cover to a forest floor and because it is relatively free from attack by insects and diseases. Since the first commercial thinnings consist of small-sized trees, the most logical market outlet is for pulpwood. Yield of...

Effect of Fertilization on Survival and Early Growth of Direct-Seeded Red Pine

Treesearch

David H. Alban

1971-01-01

Fertilization resulted in increased height and top weight of red pine seedlings by the end of the second growing season, but also resulted in considerable seedling mortality. A high level of watering also increased seedling growth but to a much less extent than fertilization. Fertilization of 1-year-old seedlings resulted in dramatic changes in their chemical...

Growth in relation to canopy light interception in a red pine (Pinus resinosa) thinning study

Treesearch

Beverly E. Law; Kurt H. Riitters; Lewis F. Ohmann

1992-01-01

Growth data from the most recent 5 years of a 40-year thinning study in an even-aged red pine (Pinus resinosa) forest in cutfoot sioux experimental forest, Minnesota, were used with intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (IPAR) data to determine the relationship between light interception and growth for a range ofstand densities. Stand basal...

Bionomics of Eucosma monitorana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) attacking red pine cones in Wisconsin

Treesearch

Stanley J. Barras; Dale M. Norris

1969-01-01

A localized infestation of Eucosma monitorama Heinrich was studied in 1963 and 1964 in southern Wisconsin. Adults are secretive, weak flyers but several were collected in May with sticky trap-boards and light traps. Adult emergence and flight occur at time of red pine pollen release. Eggs were not found in macro- and micro-scopic examinations of...

Effects of plantation density on wood density and anatomical properties of red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.)

Treesearch

J. Y. Zhu; C. Tim Scott; Karen L. Scallon; Gary C. Myers

2007-01-01

This study demonstrated that average ring width (or average annual radial growth rate) is a reliable parameter to quantify the effects of tree plantation density (growth suppression) on wood density and tracheid anatomical properties. The average ring width successfully correlated wood density and tracheid anatomical properties of red pines (Pinus resinosa Ait.) from a...

Shelterwood-Strip Harvesting Pattern With Full-Tree Skidding to Regenerate Red Pine

Treesearch

John W. Benzie; Z.A. Zasada

1972-01-01

Describes a harvesting and regeneration pattern for red pine stands to make efficient use of mechanized full-tree harvesting. The system is not just an engineering operation to extract trees, but a forest management operatioin to harvest mature timber, prepare the site for regeneration, and provide environmental conditions favoring tree growth and multiple-use of the...

Growth and yield of red pine in the Lake States

Treesearch

Robert E. Buckman; Badege Bishaw; T.J. Hanson; Frank A. Benford

2006-01-01

This review examines the entire portfolio of active and inactive red pine growth and yield studies maintained by the USDA Forest Service, North Central Research Station and several of its cooperators. The oldest studies date back to the mid-1920s. Available for analysis are 31 experiments and sets of monitoring plots in both planted and natural forests. These contain 3...

The influence of canopy, sky condition, and solar angle on light quality in a longleaf pine woodland

Treesearch

Stephen D. Pecot; Stephen B. Horsley; Michael A. Battaglia; Robert J. Mitchell

2005-01-01

Light transmittance estimates under open, heterogeneous woodland canopies such as those of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) forests report high spatial and temporal variation in the quantity of the light environment. In addition, light quality, that is, the ratio of red to far-red light (R:FR), regulates important aspects of plant...

Whitebark pine direct seeding trials in the Pacific Northwest

Treesearch

John Schwandt; Kristen Chadwick; Holly Kearns; Chris Jensen

2011-01-01

Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) is a critical species in many high elevation ecosystems and is currently in serious decline due to white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola), mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae), and competition from other species (Schwandt 2006; Tomback and Achuff 2010; Tomback and others 2001). Many areas needing restoration are very...

Restoring whitebark pine ecosystems in the face of climate change

Treesearch

Robert E. Keane; Lisa M. Holsinger; Mary F. Mahalovich; Diana F. Tomback

2017-01-01

Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) forests have been declining throughout their range in western North America from the combined effects of mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) outbreaks, fire exclusion policies, and the exotic disease white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola). Projected warming and drying trends in climate may exacerbate this decline;...

The effects of seed source health on whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) regeneration density after wildfire

Treesearch

Signe B. Leirfallom; Robert E. Keane; Diana F. Tomback; Solomon Z. Dobrowski

2015-01-01

Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis Engelm.) populations are declining nearly rangewide from a combination of factors, including mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, 1902) outbreaks, the exotic pathogen Cronartium ribicola J.C. Fisch. 1872, which causes the disease white pine blister rust, and successional replacement due to historical fire...

Post-glacial phylogeography and evolution of a wide-ranging highly-exploited keystone forest tree, eastern white pine (Pinus strobus) in North America: single refugium, multiple routes.

PubMed

Zinck, John W R; Rajora, Om P

2016-03-02

Knowledge of the historical distribution and postglacial phylogeography and evolution of a species is important to better understand its current distribution and population structure and potential fate in the future, especially under climate change conditions, and conservation of its genetic resources. We have addressed this issue in a wide-ranging and heavily exploited keystone forest tree species of eastern North America, eastern white pine (Pinus strobus). We examined the range-wide population genetic structure, tested various hypothetical population history and evolutionary scenarios and inferred the location of glacial refugium and post-glacial recolonization routes. Our hypothesis was that eastern white pine survived in a single glacial refugium and expanded through multiple post-glacial recolonization routes. We studied the range-wide genetic diversity and population structure of 33 eastern white pine populations using 12 nuclear and 3 chloroplast microsatellite DNA markers. We used Approximate Bayesian Computation approach to test various evolutionary scenarios. We observed high levels of genetic diversity, and significant genetic differentiation (F ST = 0.104) and population structure among eastern white pine populations across its range. A south to north trend of declining genetic diversity existed, consistent with repeated founder effects during post-glaciation migration northwards. We observed broad consensus from nuclear and chloroplast genetic markers supporting the presence of two main post-glacial recolonization routes that originated from a single southern refugium in the mid-Atlantic plain. One route gave rise to populations at the western margin of the species' range in Minnesota and western Ontario. The second route gave rise to central-eastern populations, which branched into two subgroups: central and eastern. We observed minimal sharing of chloroplast haplotypes between recolonization routes but there was evidence of admixture between the western and west-central populations. Our study reveals a single southern refugium, two recolonization routes and three genetically distinguishable lineages in eastern white pine that we suggest to be treated as separate Evolutionarily Significant Units. Like many wide-ranging North American species, eastern white pine retains the genetic signatures of post-glacial recolonization and evolution, and its contemporary population genetic structure reflects not just the modern distribution and effects of heavy exploitation but also routes northward from its glacial refugium.

Vegetation and Water Level Changes for the Northeast U.S. During the "8.2 ka Event"

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Newby, P. E.; Donnelly, J. P.; Shuman, B.; MacDonald, D.

2006-12-01

Cool conditions, known as the "8.2 ka event", occurred between 8400 and 7900 cal yr B.P. in Greenland, Europe and elsewhere in the North Atlantic. The impact of this brief cool interval on local forests is recorded in radiocarbon-dated, high-resolution pollen stratigraphies for New Long Pond (41^{0}50'N, 70^{0}42'W) and Davis Pond (42^{0}30'N, 73^{0}19'W), Massachusetts. The vegetation response to the event is recorded differently for regions with contrasting soil types. At New Long Pond, the sandy outwash derived soils are associated with changes in jack/red, white and pitch pine populations, whereas the dominant changes in vegetation for the clay-rich, proglacial lake derived soils around Davis Pond are among oak, hemlock, and beech. At both sites, pollen evidence for the "8.2 ka event" may be easily overlooked within the more dominant regional pattern for the Northeast, which shows a shift from dry to moist conditions in conjunction with changes from predominantly white pine to oak with more mesic plant taxa between 9000 and 8000 cal yr B.P. At New Long Pond, the "8.2 ka event" is brief, preceded by a low-stand in water-level during the early Holocene and dominated by white pine pollen. After 9000 cal yr B.P., pitch pine with beech, maple, hop/hornbeam, elm and ash pollen indicate a mixed mesophytic forest. A radiocarbon-dated decrease in loss-on-ignition values at 8400 cal yr B.P., likely related to a drawdown in lake level, distinguishes the "8.2 event" and helps highlight subtle shifts in vegetation that favor colder and drier conditions than before the event. Following this brief episode, the pollen data indicate a return to warm and moist conditions until about 5600 years ago. At Davis Pond, increased oak and decreased hemlock pollen abundances, followed by an increase in beech pollen abundance is evident and show what may be the dominant regional pollen signature for the "8.2 ka event" in the Northest. This pattern is also recorded at nearby Berry and North Ponds in western Massachusetts. The appearance of ragweed pollen at both Davis and New Long Pond may indicate perturbations to the vegetation that also relate to the "8.2 ka event".

Litter dynamics in two Sierran mixed conifer forests. I. Litterfall and decomposition rates

USGS Publications Warehouse

Stohlgren, Thomas J.

1988-01-01

Litterfall was measured for 4 years and leaf litter decomposition rates were studied for 3.6 years in two mixed conifer forest (giant sequoia-fir and fir-pine) in the southern Sierra Nevada of California. The giant sequoia-fir forest (GS site) was dominated by giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum (Lindl.) Buchh.), white fir (Abies concolor Lindl. & Gord.), and sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana Dougl.). The fir-pine forest (FP site) was dominated by white fir, sugar pine, and incense cedar (Calocedrus decurrens (Torr.) Florin). Litterfall, including large woody debris -1•year-1 compared with 4355 kg•ha-1•year-1 at the FP site (3.4:1). In the GS site, leaf litter decomposition after 3.6 years was slowest for giant sequoia (28.2% mass loss), followed by sugar pine (34.3%) and white fie (45.1%). In the FP site, mass loss was slowest for sugar pine (40.0%), followed by white fir (45.1%), while incense cedar showed the greatest mass loss (56.9%) after 3.6 years. High litterfall rates of large woody debris (i.e., 2.5-15.2 cm diameter) and slow rates of leaf litter decomposition in the giant sequoia-fir forest type may result in higher litter accumulation rates than in the fir-pine type. Leaf litter times to 95% decay for the GS and FP sites were 30 and 27 years, respectively, if the initial 0.7-year period (a short period of rapid mass decay) was ignored in the calculation. A mass balance approach for total litterfall (<15.2 cm diameter) decomposition yielded lower decay constants than did the litterbag study and therefore longer times to 95% decay (57 years for the GS site and 62 years for the FP site).

The white pine - oak forests of the anthracite region

Treesearch

C. F. Burnham; M. J. Ferree; F. E. Cunningham

1947-01-01

The white pine - oak forests in the Anthracite Region occupy approximately one-fifth of the forested area. They occur chiefly in the central and southern counties of the region and are characteristic of the fairly fertile agricultural sections in the rolling foothills. Sixty-nine percent are located in these farming areas, another 23 percent are in less accessible...

The chronic response of yellow-poplar and eastern white pine to ozone and elevated carbon dioxide: three-year summary

Treesearch

Joanne Rebbeck

1996-01-01

The objective of this study was to determine the long-term effects of ozone (O3) and carbon dioxide (CO2) on the growth and physiology of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus) and yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) under plantation conditions. Two separate plantations of each species...

Returns from a white pine woodlot

Treesearch

Thomas W. McConkey

1954-01-01

Most of the forest land in the white pine region of the Northeast is owned in relatively small blocks or woodlots. The way these many small woodlots are managed can affect the forest economy of the entire region. Good forest management can increase the owner's income and provide more and better raw material for the wood processing industries.

A photographic technique for estimating egg density of the white pine weevil, Pissodes strobi (Peck)

Treesearch

Roger T. Zerillo

1975-01-01

Compares a photographic technique with visual and dissection techniques for estimating egg density of the white pine weevil, Pissodes strobi (Peck). The relatively high correlations (.67 and .79) between counts from photographs and those obtained by dissection indicate that the non-destructive photographic technique could be a useful tool for...

Thinning in mature eastern white pine: 43-year case study

Treesearch

Paul D. Anderson; John C. Zasada; Glen W. Erickson; Zigmond A. Zasada

2002-01-01

A white pine (Pinus strobus L.) stand at the western margin of the species range, approximately 125 years of age at present, was thinned in 1953 from 33.5 m2 ha-1 to target residual basal areas of 18.4, 23.0, 27.5. and 32.1 m2 ha-1. Repeated measurement over...

Effects of thinning and fertilizing on production of western white pine seed

Treesearch

Burton V. Barnes

1969-01-01

In a 40-year-old western white pine plantation developed as a seed production area, heavy thinning and application of fertilizer in the fall significantly increased strobilus production the following spring. Applying fertilizer increased seed weight and cone length significantly, but thinning did not. Insects severely damaged the cone crop in the thinned...

Identification and evaluation of defects in eastern white pine logs and trees

Treesearch

M.D. Ostrander; M.D. Ostrander

1971-01-01

The grade of eastern white pine lumber is determined primarily by the condition, size, and frequency of natural blemishes characteristic of the species. These include bark pockets, cross grain, rot, knots, pitch pockets, and shake. Mismanufacture and seasoning defects also affect lumber grade. This guide, based on our latest knowledge about the identification and...

Specific gravity and wood moisture variation of white pine

Treesearch

Glenn L. Gammon

1969-01-01

A report on results of a study to develop a means for estimating specific gravity and wood moisture content of white pine. No strong relationships were found by using either the single or combined factors of age and dimensional stem characteristics. Inconsistent patterns of specific gravity and moisture over height in tree are graphically illustrated.

The white pine - hemlock forests of the anthracite region

Treesearch

C. F. Burnham; M. J. Ferree; F. E. Cunningham

1947-01-01

The white pine - hemlock forests are found chiefly on well drained slopes and along the sides of ravines. Though the area occupied by this type is less than 8 percent of the forest land in the region, it accounts for a quarter of the saw-timber area and 29 percent of the volume in saw-timber stands.

Intraspecific variation in himalayan white pine, Pinus griffithii

Treesearch

John B. Genys

1977-01-01

Twenty-one seed sources of Himalayan white pine (Pinus griffithii McClel.) (11 from native stands and 10 from planted trees) were studied in Maryland's State Forest Tree Nursery and in 11 plantations in Maine, Maryland, Michigan, Illinois and North Carolina. In the nursery, intraspecific variations were observed in leaf lengths, time of bud-set, tendency for...

Genetic subpopulation structuring and its implications in a mature eastern white pine stand

Treesearch

Samuel E. Nijensohn; Paul G. Schaberg; Gary J. Hawley; Donald H. DeHayes; Donald H. DeHayes

2005-01-01

We examined patterns of genetic structuring within a mature eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) forest, using geographic information system (GIS)-based data and maps that combined genetic (isozyme analysis of 46 loci) and other tree-specific information (e.g., size, growth, age, and location) for 220 trees in Jericho, Vermont. Interconnections between genotypic...

Efficacy of esfenvalerate for control of insects harmful to seed production in disease-resistant western white pines.

Treesearch

N.G. Rappaport; M.I. Haverty; P.J. Shea; R.E. Sandquist

1994-01-01

We tested the pyrethroid insecticide esfenvalerate in single, double, and triple applications for control of insects affecting seed production of blister rust-resistant western white pine, Pinus monticola Douglas. All treatments increased the proportion of normal seed produced and reduced the proportion of seed damaged by the western conifer seed...

Eastern white pine: production, markets, and marketing of primary manufacturers

Treesearch

Delton Alderman; Paul Duvall; Robert Smith; Scott Bowe

2007-01-01

Eastern white pine (EWP) production and manufacturing have been a staple of the forest products industry since the arrival of the first settlers in the United States. Current EWP market segments range from cabinets to flooring to log cabins to moulding to toys. Today's EWP producers and manufacturers are faced with unprecedented challenges from substitute products...

Distribution of pole blight of western white pine

Treesearch

Donald P. Graham

1955-01-01

Disease surveys conducted in 1953 and 1954 to determine the distribution of pole blight of western white pine (Pinus monticola, Dougl.) reveal that most areas of damage have now been found. During 1953 extensive surveys of pole blight distribution disclosed 20 new diseased areas and a number of affected stands adjacent to or near old disease centers. The 1954...

Geographic Variation of Eastern White Pine in the Northeast

Treesearch

Peter W. Garrett; Ernst J. Schreiner; Harry Kettlewood

1973-01-01

Eastern white pine is the most valuable conifer in the Northeast, and its large botanical range has provided ample opportunity for the development of ecotypes. Provenance plantings in nine states provided information on variability within the species and recommendations for moving seed from one region to another. Good growth was obtained on southern Appalachian sources...

Frequency of hypersensitive-like reaction and stem infections in a large full-sib family of Pinus monticola

Treesearch

Robert S. Danchok; R.A. Sniezko; S. Long; A. Kegley; D. Savin; J.B. Mayo; J.J. Liu; J. Hill

2012-01-01

Western white pine (WWP) (Pinus monticola Douglas ex D. Don) is a long-lived forest tree species with a large native range in western North America. The tree species is highly susceptible to the non-native fungal pathogen, Cronartium ribicola, the causative agent of white pine blister rust (WPBR)....

Anatomical and cellular responses of Pinus monticola stem tissues to invasion by Cronartium ribicola

Treesearch

J. W. Hudgins; G. I . McDonald; P. J. Zambino; N. B. Klopfenstein; V. R. Franceschi

2005-01-01

White pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola) causes extensive damage to white pines and their associated ecosystems across North America. The anatomical and cellular characteristics of C. ribicola colonization in Pinus monticola branch and stem tissues were studied as a basis for understanding host tree reactions that may be related to resistance. Samples examined...

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) applications in white pine blister rust resistance screening

Treesearch

Sam Hendricks; Wendy Sutton; Jeffrey Stone; Richard Sniezko; Angelia Kegley; Anna Schoettle

2011-01-01

A goal of breeding programs for resistance to white pine blister rust is the development of multigenic resistance, even if the genetics and mechanisms of resistance may be imperfectly understood. The goal of multigenic resistance has prompted efforts to categorize host resistance reactions at increasingly finer scales, to identify heritable traits that may confer...

Molecular dissection of white pine genetic resistance to Cronartium ribicola

Treesearch

Jun-Jun Liu; Richard Sniezko

2011-01-01

Pinus monticola (Dougl. ex D. Don.) maintains a complex defence system that detects white pine blister rust pathogen (Cronartium ribicola J.C.Fisch.) and activates resistance responses. A thorough understanding of how it functions at the molecular level would provide us new strategies for creating forest trees with durable disease resistance. Our research focuses on...

A natural history of Cronartium ribicola

Treesearch

Brian W. Geils; Detlev R. Vogler

2011-01-01

Cronartium ribicola is a fungal pathogen that causes a blister rust disease of white pines, Ribes, and other hosts in the genera Castilleja and Pedicularis. Although blister rust can damage white pine trees and stands, the severity and significance of these impacts vary with time, place, and management. We use a natural history approach to describe the history, biology...

Characterization of microsatellite markers in eastern white pine

Treesearch

Craig S. Echt; P. May-Marquardt; M. Hseih; R. Zahorchak

1996-01-01

An enrichment cloning method was evaluated for the isolation of microsatellite loci from eastern white pine and the resulting markers were examined for polymorphisms. A 200-fold enrichment was achieved for highly abundant (AC), repeats, but for much less abundant (ACAG), repeats an enrichment of only 20-fold was obtained. Using a single set of PCR conditions, 19...

Needle Mottle in Eastern White Pine Seedlings: A Selective Parameter for Air Pollution Sensitivity

Treesearch

Leon S. Dochinger; Stanford L. Arner

1978-01-01

Positive correlations were established between morphological characteristics in eastern white pine seedlings and subsequent tolerance or sensitivity to air pollution 5 and 7 years after outplanting in Ohio plantations. Of 11 seedling variables, needle mottling was an accurate indicator of sensitivity or tolerance to air pollution. This characteristic, which may be...

Proceedings of the 12th Lake States Forest Tree Improvement Conference, August 1975.

Treesearch

USDA FS

1976-01-01

Presents 20 papers concerning recent research in forest genetics, physiology, and allied fields. Species discussed include cottonwood, white spruce, jack pine, white pine, aspen, and others. Emphasizes the role of tree improvement in increasing wood-fiber production. Includes abstracts from papers presented at the 15th Canadian Tree Improvement Association Meeting...

Birds of shortleaf pine forests in Missouri: an historical and contemporary perspective

Treesearch

William R. Eddleman; Richard L. Clawson; Jody Eberly

2007-01-01

Knowledge of the original bird communities in Missouri's shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata) is limited to accounts of early travelers, and infrequent observations between 1907 and 1946. Prior to logging and fire protection, red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis), pine warbler (Dendroica pinus), and Bachman...

Annual observations of conspicuous canker activity on whitebark pine (2003 to 2007)

Treesearch

Michael P. Murray

2011-01-01

Whitebark pine's (Pinus albicaulis) notable ecological values, combined with its precarious state, underscore the need for monitoring its health and dynamics. Populations of whitebark pine are in decline throughout most of its range. White pine blister rust, caused by the fungus Cronartium ribicola, has denuded stands since introduction during the early 1900s (...

Pre-dispersal seed predator dynamics at the northern limits of limber pine distribution

Treesearch

Vernon S. Peters

2011-01-01

Limber pine (Pinus flexilis) is listed provincially as endangered in the northern part of its geographic range (Alberta) due to the high mortality caused by white pine blister rust (WPBR) (Cronartium ribicola) and mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae), and limited regeneration opportunities due to fire exclusion. In the case of an endangered species, seed...

Height growth determinants in pines: A case study of Pinus contorta and Pinus monticola

Treesearch

Isabelle Chuine; Gerald E. Rehfeldt; Sally N. Aitken

2006-01-01

In this study we aimed to compare and explain the height growth performance of two contrasting pine species: lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex. Loud) and western white pine (Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don.). We compiled measurements of total height growth at different ages and shoot elongation phenology realized in several...

Crossing the western pines at Placerville, California

Treesearch

W. B. Critchfield; S. L. Krugman

1967-01-01

The results of hybridizing the western pine species by the Institute of Forest Genetics are described and discussed. It has been found that the hard, (yellow) pines can generally be crossed successfully only with similar species native to the same part of the world. In contrast, the soft (white) pines of the Western Hemisphere have been crossed successfully with soft...

A range-wide restoration strategy for whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis)

Treesearch

Robert E. Keane; D. F. Tomback; C. A. Aubry; A. D. Bower; E. M. Campbell; C. L. Cripps; M. B. Jenkins; M. F. Mahalovich; M. Manning; S. T. McKinney; M. P. Murray; D. L. Perkins; D. P. Reinhart; C. Ryan; A. W. Schoettle; C. M. Smith

2012-01-01

Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis), an important component of western high-elevation forests, has been declining in both the United States and Canada since the early Twentieth Century from the combined effects of mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) outbreaks, fire exclusion policies, and the spread of the exotic disease white pine blister rust (caused by the...

Restoration planting options for limber pine (Pinus flexilis James) in the Southern Rocky Mountains

Treesearch

A. M. A. Casper; W. R. Jacobi; Anna Schoettle; K. S. Burns

2016-01-01

Limber pine Pinus flexilis James populations in the southern Rocky Mountains are threatened by the combined impacts of mountain pine beetles and white pine blister rust. To develop restoration planting methods, six P. flexilis seedling planting trial sites were installed along a geographic gradient from southern Wyoming to southern Colorado. Experimental...

Development and Evaluation of an Expert System for Diagnosing Pest Damage of Red Pine

Treesearch

Daniel L Schmoldt; George L. Martin

1989-01-01

An expert system for diagnosing pest damage of red pine stands in Wisconsin, PREDICT, runs on IBM or compatible microcomputers and is designed to be useful for field foresters with no advanced training in forest pathology or entomology. PREDICT recognizes 28 damaging agents including species of mammals, insects, and pathogens, as well as two types of abiotic damage....

Forest landscapes: Their effect on the interaction of the southern pine beetle and red-cockaded woodpecker

Treesearch

Robert N. Coulson; Maria D. Guzman; Karen Skordinski; Jeffrey W. Fitzgerald; Richard N. Conner; D. Craig Rudolph; Forrest L. Oliveria; Douglas F. Wunneburger; Paul E. Pulley

1999-01-01

The nature of the interaction of the southern pine beetle and red-cockaded woodpecker was investidgated using spatially explicit information on the structure of a forest landscape mosiac and knowledge of the behavior of the two organisms. This interaction is the basis for defind functional heterogeneity - how an organism perceives and responds to the elements forming...

Effect of plantation density on kraft pulp production from red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.)

Treesearch

J.Y. Zhu; G.C. Myers

2006-01-01

Red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) butt logs from 38 year old research plots were used to study the effect of plantation stand density on kraft pulp production. Results indicate that plantation stand density can affect pulp yield, unrefined pulp mean fibre length, and the response of pulp fibre length to pulp refining. However, the effect of plantation stand density on...

Constructing Artifical Red-Cockaded Woodpecker Cavities

Treesearch

David H. Allen

1991-01-01

A complete guide is provided for excavating red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis) cavities. A hole 4 inches wide by 10 inches high by 6 inches deep is cut from a live pine(Pinusspp.) tree with a chainsaw, and a prefabricated cavity is inserted. Cavities can be excavated in pines of any age, but the diameter of the tree at the height of insertion must be greater...

Damaged to knobcone x monterey pine hybrids and parents ... by red band needle blight in California redwood sites.

Treesearch

Kenneth N. Boe

1971-01-01

The knobcone X Monterey pine hybrid (Pinus attenuata Lemm. X P. radiata D. Don) has been outplanted in many places in California, among them the Redwood Experimental Forest and vicinity in north coastal California. Survival and growth in the early years were satisfactory. In 1966, red band needle blight was found to be infecting...

Effects of Ground Preparation on Planted Red Pine in Southwestern Wisconsin

Treesearch

M. Dean Knighton

1972-01-01

Red pine was planted in 1962 using five ground preparation methods and two classes of planting stock. After 9 years, 3-0 trees planted by a Lowther machine with scalpers and by hand in single plowed furrows had 37 percent more survival than trees hand planted in scalps. Planting method did not afect survival 2-1 transplants. Height growth for both classes of stock...

Relation of snowpack Accumulation to Red Pine Stocking

Treesearch

Edward A. Hansen

1969-01-01

A snow accumulation study was conducted in a 33-year-old red pine plantation thinned to different stocking levels. Snowpack water content increased an average of 2 percent for each 10 square feet of basal area reduction, within the range of 60 to 180 square feet of basal area. Reducing plantation stocking from 180 to 60 square feet of basal area per acre would result...

A 20-year reassessment of the health and status of whitebark pine forests in the Bob Marshall Wilderness Complex, Montana

Treesearch

Molly L. Retzlaff; Signe B. Leirfallom; Robert E. Keane

2016-01-01

Whitebark pine plays a prominent role in high elevation ecosystems of the northern Rocky Mountains. It is an important food source for many birds and mammals as well as an essential component of watershed stabilization. Whitebark pine is vanishing from the landscape due to three main factors: white pine blister rust, mountain pine beetle outbreaks, and successional...

Evaluating the influence of fire history on dissolved pyrogenic C exported from coniferous and deciduous forest soils in northern Great Lakes Region

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Santos, F.; Wagner, S.; Rothstein, D.; Miesel, J. R.; Jaffe, R.

2015-12-01

Pyrogenic carbon (PyC) is formed from the thermal decomposition of plant biomass and fossil fuels, and accounts for a significant portion of the dissolved organic matter pool in rivers worldwide. While PyC mobilization and leaching from fire-impacted terrestrial ecosystems are thought to be the primary source of dissolved PyC (DPC) in riverine environments, the influence of recent biomass burning on the fluxes of DPC leached from soils remains poorly quantified. Here we examined differences in DPC leaching fluxes between (1) red pine sites that experienced post-logging slash burning in the late 19th century, and (2) sugar maple sites that show no evidence of burning in the past 200 years. We collected spring snowmelt leachates from zero-tension lysimeters installed underneath O and E soil horizons of Spodosols in both red pine and sugar maple ecosystems. We quantified DPC in leachates by measuring Benzene Polycarboxylic Acids. We also determined DPC in leachates collected from lysimeters installed beneath B horizons in the red pine ecosystem. Average concentrations of DPC leached from O and E horizons in red pine and sugar maple sites were 1.22 ± 0.33 mg L-1 and 0.96 ±0.58 mg L-1, respectively. Although DPC concentrations in either the O or E horizon leachates did not differ between the two ecosystem types, the proportion of DPC in the dissolved organic C pool was 62% higher in red pine than in sugar maple in E horizon leachates. In red pine sites, DPC concentrations were significantly lower in the B horizon leachates than in the upper soil horizons leachates, likely due to DPC immobilization in the mineral subsoil. Our preliminary results showed that a single production of PyC was not the main source of DPC exported from soils, suggesting that DPC mobilized and released from the ecosystems studied here likely integrates PyC produced at a millennial time-scale in the Great Lakes Region.

Sugar Pine Seedlings not protected from blister rust by chemotherapeutants

Treesearch

George M. Harvey

1975-01-01

None of several types of chemotherapeutants applied before inoculation (antibiotics, metallic salts, systemic fungicides) prevented infection of sugar pine seedlings by white pine blister rust. DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) did not enhance the action of any material with which it was applied.

A presettlement fire history in an oak-pine forest near Basin Lake, Algonquin Park, Ontario

Treesearch

Richard P. Guyette; Daniel C. Dey

1995-01-01

Fire scars from natural remnants of red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) in an oak-pine forest near Basin Lake, Algonquin Park, Ontario, were dated using dendrochronological methods. A fire scar chronology was constructed from 28 dated fire scars on 26 pine remnants found in a 1 km2 area of this forest. From pith and outside ring...

Influence of mine spoil type, fertilizer, and mycorrhizae on pines seeded in greenhouse trays

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Preve, R.E.; Burger, J.A.; Kreh, R.E.

Growth and mycorrhizal colonization of surface-seeded pine (Pinus sp.) as affected by two different mine spoil types (siltstone and sandstone), two fertilizer treatments (control and 100 kg/ha each of N, P, and K), and three mycorrhizal inoculation treatments (control, 56 kg/ha pine litter, and 250 g/ha Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers.) Coker and Couch (PT) basidioxpores) were evaluated in a greenhouse experiment. Emergence was highest (12, 55, and 34% for P. strobus, P. virginiana, and P. taeda, respectively) in nonfertilized siltstone, but growth performance was greatest in fertilized sandstone. Fertilization increased shoot weight of white, Virginia, and loblolly pine growing in sandstonemore » spoil two-, ten-, and eightfold, respectively. Fertilization had no effect on seedlings growing in siltstone spoil. Mycorrhizal inoculation of Virginia pine was effective in sandstone but not in siltstone spoil. Addition of pine litter and Pisolithus tinctorius spores to sandstone spoil increased the percentage of colonized Virginia pines by 27 and 33%, respectively. Inoculation had no effect on the number of white and loblolly trees colonized.« less

The Old Orchard white pine plantation at Biltmore

Treesearch

W. Henry McNab; Brian A. Ritter

2000-01-01

A pioneering case study in the Old Orchard Plantation on Biltmore Estate near Asheville, North Carolina, considered current yields and the effects of periodic thinning on height and basal area growth, as well as cubic volume and board-foot yields. Established in 1899, one of three plots of this eastern white pine stand was first thinned in 1916. Beyond providing growth...

Radial growth and wood density of white pine in relation to fossil-fired power plant operations

Treesearch

W. T. Lawhon; F. W. Woods

1976-01-01

The objectives of this study were twofold: (1) to develop a gamma densitometry technique for measuring the relative wood density and radial growth of trees from 12 mm increment cores; and (2) to determine whether changes in the relative wood density and radial growth of "resistant" eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) occurred after...

Synoptic climatology of the long-distance dispersal of white pine blister rust II. Combination of surface and upper level conditions

Treesearch

K. L. Frank; B. W. Geils; L. S. Kalkstein; H. W. Thistle

2008-01-01

An invasive forest pathogen, Cronartium ribicola, white pine blister rust (WPBR), is believed to have arrived in the Sacramento Mountains of south-central New Mexico about 1970. Epidemiological and genetic evidence supports the hypothesis that introduction was the result of long-distance dispersal (LDD) by atmospheric transport from California. This...

Seasonal growth in white pine seedlings from different provenances

Treesearch

Frank S., Jr. Santamour

1960-01-01

The Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, in cooperation with other experiment stations in the United States and Canada, began a range-wide provenance test of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) in 1955. Seed was collected from 31 different locations in 17 states and 4 Canadian provinces. In most places collections were made from 10 trees at each location. The seed...

Internal and external control of net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance of mature eastern white pine (Pinus strobus)

Treesearch

Chris A. Maier; R.O. Teskey

1992-01-01

Leaf gas exchange and water relations were monitored in the upper canopy of two 25 m tall eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) trees over two consecutive growing seasons (1986 and 1987). Examination of the seasonal and diurnal patterns of net photosynthesis and leaf conductance showed that both internal and external (environmental) factors were...

Seed zones and breeding zones for white pine in the Cascade Range of Washington and Oregon.

Treesearch

Robert K. Campbell; Albert I. Sugano

1989-01-01

Provisional seed zones and breeding zones were developed for white pine (Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don) in the Cascade Range of western Washington and Oregon. Recommendations were based on genetic variation patterns obtained by evaluating genotypes of trees from 115 locations. Genotypes controlling growth vigor and growth rhythm were assessed in...

Estimating yields of unthinned eastern white pine plantations from current stocking in the Southern Appalachians

Treesearch

Todd E. Hepp; John P. Vimmerstedt; Glendon W. Smalley; W. Henry McNab

2015-01-01

Eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) is a highly productive native conifer of the southern Appalachian Mountains that has long been established in plantations for conventional purposes of afforestation and timber production and potentially for carbon sequestration both within and outside its natural range. Growth-and-yield models are not available, however, for use by...

Preliminary report on soil-rootlet relationships to pole blight of western white pine

Treesearch

Otis L. Copeland; Charles D. Leaphart

1955-01-01

Results of a coordinated soil-rootlet mortality study in 1954 indicate that the severity of the pole blight disease of western white pine (Pinus monticola Dougl.) is significantly correlated with certain physical soil characteristics and rootlet mortality. The finding of this relationship does not necessarily imply that these factors are the cause of pole blight....

Silvicultural potential for pre-comercial treatment in northern forest type

Treesearch

H. W.,Jr Hocker

1977-01-01

It is proposed that pre-commercial thinning of young northern hardwood, oak, white pine and spruce-fir stands be carried out using appropriate stocking guides to regulate stand density. Thinning should be carried out when stands are-between 1" and 2" dbh. Pruning of eastern white pine is recommended, while pruning of spruce and yellow birch seems feasible,...