Geothermal state and fluid flow within ODP Hole 843B: results from wireline logging

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wiggins, Sean M.; Hildebrand, John A.; Gieskes, Joris M.

2002-02-01

Borehole fluid temperatures were measured with a wireline re-entry system in Ocean Drilling Program Hole 843B, the site of the Ocean Seismic Network Pilot Experiment. These temperature data, recorded more than 7 years after drilling, are compared to temperature data logged during Leg 136, approximately 1 day after drilling had ceased. Qualitative interpretations of the temperature data suggest that fluid flowed slowly downward in the borehole immediately following drilling, and flowed slowly upward 7 years after drilling. Quantitative analysis suggests that the upward fluid flow rate in the borehole is approximately 1 m/h. Slow fluid flow interpreted from temperature data only, however, requires estimates of other unmeasured physical properties. If fluid flows upward in Hole 843B, it may have led to undesirable noise for the borehole seismometer emplaced in this hole as part of the Ocean Seismic Network Pilot Experiment. Estimates of conductive heat flow from ODP Hole 843B are 51 mW/m 2 for the sediment and the basalt. These values are lower than the most recent Hawaiian Arch seafloor heat flow studies.

Characterization of the Marcellus Shale based on computer-assisted correlation of wireline logs in Virginia and West Virginia

USGS Publications Warehouse

Enomoto, Catherine B.; Olea, Ricardo A.; Coleman, James L.

2014-01-01

The Middle Devonian Marcellus Shale in the Appalachian basin extends from central Ohio on the west to eastern New York on the east, and from north-central New York on the north to northern Tennessee on the south. Its thickness ranges from 0 feet (ft) where it pinches out to the west to as much as 700 ft in its eastern extent. Within the Broadtop synclinorium, the thickness of the Marcellus Shale ranges from 250 to 565 ft. Although stratigraphic complexities have been documented, a significant range in thickness most likely is because of tectonic thickening from folds and thrust faults. Outcrop studies in the Valley and Ridge and Appalachian Plateaus provinces illustrate the challenges of interpreting the relation of third-order faults, folds, and “disturbed” zones to the regional tectonic framework. Recent field work within the Valley and Ridge province determined that significant faulting and intraformational deformation are present within the Marcellus Shale at the outcrop scale. In an attempt to determine if this scale of deformation is detectable with conventional wireline logs, petrophysical properties (primarily mineralogy and porosity) were measured by interpretation of gamma-ray and bulk-density logs. The results of performing a statistical correlation of wireline logs from nine wells indicated that there are discontinuities within the Millboro Shale (undifferentiated Marcellus Shale and Mahantango Formation) where there are significant thickness differences between wells. Also, some intervals likely contain mineralogy that makes these zones more prone to layer-shortening cleavage duplexes. The Correlator program proved to be a useful tool in a region of contractional deformation.

Three-dimensional trend mapping from wire-line logs

USGS Publications Warehouse

Doveton, J.H.; Ke-an, Z.

1985-01-01

Mapping of lithofacies and porosities of stratigraphic units is complicated because these properties vary in three dimensions. The method of moments was proposed by Krumbein and Libby (1957) as a technique to aid in resolving this problem. Moments are easily computed from wireline logs and are simple statistics which summarize vertical variation in a log trace. Combinations of moment maps have proved useful in understanding vertical and lateral changes in lithology of sedimentary rock units. Although moments have meaning both as statistical descriptors and as mechanical properties, they also define polynomial curves which approximate lithologic changes as a function of depth. These polynomials can be fitted by least-squares methods, partitioning major trends in rock properties from finescale fluctuations. Analysis of variance yields the degree of fit of any polynomial and measures the proportion of vertical variability expressed by any moment or combination of moments. In addition, polynomial curves can be differentiated to determine depths at which pronounced expressions of facies occur and to determine the locations of boundaries between major lithologic subdivisions. Moments can be estimated at any location in an area by interpolating from log moments at control wells. A matrix algebra operation then converts moment estimates to coefficients of a polynomial function which describes a continuous curve of lithologic variation with depth. If this procedure is applied to a grid of geographic locations, the result is a model of variability in three dimensions. Resolution of the model is determined largely by number of moments used in its generation. The method is illustrated with an analysis of lithofacies in the Simpson Group of south-central Kansas; the three-dimensional model is shown as cross sections and slice maps. In this study, the gamma-ray log is used as a measure of shaliness of the unit. However, the method is general and can be applied, for example, to suites of neutron, density, or sonic logs to produce three-dimensional models of porosity in reservoir rocks. ?? 1985 Plenum Publishing Corporation.

Log ASCII Standard (LAS) Files for Geophysical Wireline Well Logs and Their Application to Geologic Cross Sections Through the Central Appalachian Basin

USGS Publications Warehouse

Crangle, Robert D.

2007-01-01

Introduction The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) uses geophysical wireline well logs for a variety of purposes, including stratigraphic correlation (Hettinger, 2001, Ryder, 2002), petroleum reservoir analyses (Nelson and Bird, 2005), aquifer studies (Balch, 1988), and synthetic seismic profiles (Kulander and Ryder, 2005). Commonly, well logs are easier to visualize, manipulate, and interpret when available in a digital format. In recent geologic cross sections E-E' and D-D', constructed through the central Appalachian basin (Ryder, Swezey, and others, in press; Ryder, Crangle, and others, in press), gamma ray well log traces and lithologic logs were used to correlate key stratigraphic intervals (Fig. 1). The stratigraphy and structure of the cross sections are illustrated through the use of graphical software applications (e.g., Adobe Illustrator). The gamma ray traces were digitized in Neuralog (proprietary software) from paper well logs and converted to a Log ASCII Standard (LAS) format. Once converted, the LAS files were transformed to images through an LAS-reader application (e.g., GeoGraphix Prizm) and then overlain in positions adjacent to well locations, used for stratigraphic control, on each cross section. This report summarizes the procedures used to convert paper logs to a digital LAS format using a third-party software application, Neuralog. Included in this report are LAS files for sixteen wells used in geologic cross section E-E' (Table 1) and thirteen wells used in geologic cross section D-D' (Table 2).

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mukul M. Sharma; Steven L. Bryant; Carlos Torres-Verdin

The petrophysical properties of rocks, particularly their relative permeability and wettability, strongly influence the efficiency and the time-scale of all hydrocarbon recovery processes. However, the quantitative relationships needed to account for the influence of wettability and pore structure on multi-phase flow are not yet available, largely due to the complexity of the phenomena controlling wettability and the difficulty of characterizing rock properties at the relevant length scales. This project brings together several advanced technologies to characterize pore structure and wettability. Grain-scale models are developed that help to better interpret the electric and dielectric response of rocks. These studies allow themore » computation of realistic configurations of two immiscible fluids as a function of wettability and geologic characteristics. These fluid configurations form a basis for predicting and explaining macroscopic behavior, including the relationship between relative permeability, wettability and laboratory and wireline log measurements of NMR and dielectric response. Dielectric and NMR measurements have been made show that the response of the rocks depends on the wetting and flow properties of the rock. The theoretical models can be used for a better interpretation and inversion of standard well logs to obtain accurate and reliable estimates of fluid saturation and of their producibility. The ultimate benefit of this combined theoretical/empirical approach for reservoir characterization is that rather than reproducing the behavior of any particular sample or set of samples, it can explain and predict trends in behavior that can be applied at a range of length scales, including correlation with wireline logs, seismic, and geologic units and strata. This approach can substantially enhance wireline log interpretation for reservoir characterization and provide better descriptions, at several scales, of crucial reservoir flow properties that govern oil recovery.« less

30 CFR 250.116 - How do I determine producibility if my well is in the Gulf of Mexico?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

..., REGULATION, AND ENFORCEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR OFFSHORE OIL AND GAS AND SULPHUR OPERATIONS IN THE... oil or gas. (3) Wireline formation test and/or mud-logging analyses that show that the section is capable of producing oil or gas. (4) A resistivity or induction electric log of the well showing a minimum...

High Temperature Logging and Monitoring Instruments to Explore and Drill Deep into Hot Oceanic Crust.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Denchik, N.; Pezard, P. A.; Ragnar, A.; Jean-Luc, D.; Jan, H.

2014-12-01

Drilling an entire section of the oceanic crust and through the Moho has been a goal of the scientific community for more than half of a century. On the basis of ODP and IODP experience and data, this will require instruments and strategies working at temperature far above 200°C (reached, for example, at the bottom of DSDP/ODP Hole 504B), and possibly beyond 300°C. Concerning logging and monitoring instruments, progress were made over the past ten years in the context of the HiTI ("High Temperature Instruments") project funded by the european community for deep drilling in hot Icelandic geothermal holes where supercritical conditions and a highly corrosive environment are expected at depth (with temperatures above 374 °C and pressures exceeding 22 MPa). For example, a slickline tool (memory tool) tolerating up to 400°C and wireline tools up to 300°C were developed and tested in Icelandic high-temperature geothermal fields. The temperature limitation of logging tools was defined to comply with the present limitation in wireline cables (320°C). As part of this new set of downhole tools, temperature, pressure, fluid flow and casing collar location might be measured up to 400°C from a single multisensor tool. Natural gamma radiation spectrum, borehole wall ultrasonic images signal, and fiber optic cables (using distributed temperature sensing methods) were also developed for wireline deployment up to 300°C and tested in the field. A wireline, dual laterolog electrical resistivity tool was also developed but could not be field tested as part of HiTI. This new set of tools constitutes a basis for the deep exploration of the oceanic crust in the future. In addition, new strategies including the real-time integration of drilling parameters with modeling of the thermo-mechanical status of the borehole could be developed, using time-lapse logging of temperature (for heat flow determination) and borehole wall images (for hole stability and in-situ stress determination) as boundary conditions for the models. In all, and with limited integration of existing tools, to deployment of high-temperature downhole tools could contribute largely to the success of the long awaited Mohole project.

An interpretation of core and wireline logs for the Petrophysical evaluation of Upper Shallow Marine sandstone reservoirs of the Bredasdorp Basin, offshore South Africa

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Magoba, Moses; Opuwari, Mimonitu

2017-04-01

This paper embodies a study carried out to assess the Petrophysical evaluation of upper shallow marine sandstone reservoir of 10 selected wells in the Bredasdorp basin, offshore, South Africa. The studied wells were selected randomly across the upper shallow marine formation with the purpose of conducting a regional study to assess the difference in reservoir properties across the formation. The data sets used in this study were geophysical wireline logs, Conventional core analysis and geological well completion report. The physical rock properties, for example, lithology, fluid type, and hydrocarbon bearing zone were qualitatively characterized while different parameters such as volume of clay, porosity, permeability, water saturation ,hydrocarbon saturation, storage and flow capacity were quantitatively estimated. The quantitative results were calibrated with the core data. The upper shallow marine reservoirs were penetrated at different depth ranging from shallow depth of about 2442m to 3715m. The average volume of clay, average effective porosity, average water saturation, hydrocarbon saturation and permeability range from 8.6%- 43%, 9%- 16%, 12%- 68% , 32%- 87.8% and 0.093mD -151.8mD respectively. The estimated rock properties indicate a good reservoir quality. Storage and flow capacity results presented a fair to good distribution of hydrocarbon flow.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cashion, Avery Ted; Cieslewski, Grzegorz

New generations of high-temperature (HT) sensors and electronics are enabling increased measurement speed and accuracy allowing collection of more accurate and relevant data by downhole tools. Unfortunately, this increased capability is often not realized due to the bottleneck in the uplink data transmission rates due to poor signal characteristics of HT wireline. The objective of this project is to enable the high transmission rate of raw data from downhole tools such as acoustic logging tools and seismic measurement devices to minimize the need for downhole signal processing. To achieve this objective, Sandia has undertaken the effort to develop an asymmetricmore » high-temperature (HT), highspeed data link system for downhole tools capable of operating at temperatures of 210°C while taking advantage of existing wireline transmission channels. Current data rates over HT single-conductor wireline are limited to approximately 200 kbps. The goal system will be capable of transmitting data from the tool to the surface (uplink) at rates of > 1Mbps over 5,000 feet of single-conductor wireline as well as automatically adapt the data rate to the longer wirelines by adapting modern telecommunications techniques to operate on high temperature electronics. The data rate from the surface to the tool (downlink) will be significantly smaller but sufficient for command and control functions. While 5,000 feet of cable is the benchmark for this effort, improvements apply to all lengths of cable.« less

Oil-bearing sediments of Gondwana glaciation in Oman

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Levell, B.K.; Braakman, J.H.; Rutten, K.W.

1988-07-01

More than 3.5 billion bbl of oil in place have so far been discovered in reservoirs of the Al Khlata Formation of the Permian-Carboniferous lower Haushi Group in south Oman. Glacially striated pavements and boulders in exposures at Al Khlata in east-central Oman confirmed previous interpretations that the formation is, at least partly, of glacial origin. Core and wireline-log data from some 500 wells that penetrate the formation show that glacial facies are widespread in the subsurface. Shales with varvelike laminations and dropstones are present in two main layers, which extend over the larger part of south Oman and aremore » perhaps the most diagnostic facies. Diamictites are also widespread, and some, which can be correlated as sheets over thousands of square kilometers, are interpreted as true tillites. Other diamictites are interbedded with shales with varvelike laminations or unbedded siltstones and are interpreted as subaqueous glacial deposits. Ten sedimentary facies have been described in cores and outcrops. An important result of this study is a formal scheme to interpret these facies from wireline logs using quantitative analysis of density and neutron logs and qualitative information from other logs. Lateral facies relationships are complicated by syndepositional salt withdrawal and dissolution, paleorelief on the basal unconformity, and intraformational unconformities beneath regionally extensive tillites. At least three glacial phases can be recognized: an early phase, represented only by erosional remnants of diamictites, and two later phases, the last of which extended over the whole of Oman south of the Oman Mountains. Deglaciation is represented by a regional shale bed sharply overlying the diamictite sheet of this last glaciation. 19 figures, 1 table.« less

30 CFR 250.601 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... installed: (a) Cutting paraffin; (b) Removing and setting pump-through-type tubing plugs, gas-lift valves...) Corrosion inhibitor treatment; (i) Removing or replacing subsurface pumps; (j) Through-tubing logging (diagnostics); (k) Wireline fishing; and (l) Setting and retrieving other subsurface flow-control devices...

30 CFR 250.601 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... installed: (a) Cutting paraffin; (b) Removing and setting pump-through-type tubing plugs, gas-lift valves...) Corrosion inhibitor treatment; (i) Removing or replacing subsurface pumps; (j) Through-tubing logging (diagnostics); (k) Wireline fishing; and (l) Setting and retrieving other subsurface flow-control devices...

30 CFR 250.601 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... installed: (a) Cutting paraffin; (b) Removing and setting pump-through-type tubing plugs, gas-lift valves...) Corrosion inhibitor treatment; (i) Removing or replacing subsurface pumps; (j) Through-tubing logging (diagnostics); (k) Wireline fishing; and (l) Setting and retrieving other subsurface flow-control devices...

Integrated petrophysical and reservoir characterization workflow to enhance permeability and water saturation prediction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Al-Amri, Meshal; Mahmoud, Mohamed; Elkatatny, Salaheldin; Al-Yousef, Hasan; Al-Ghamdi, Tariq

2017-07-01

Accurate estimation of permeability is essential in reservoir characterization and in determining fluid flow in porous media which greatly assists optimize the production of a field. Some of the permeability prediction techniques such as Porosity-Permeability transforms and recently artificial intelligence and neural networks are encouraging but still show moderate to good match to core data. This could be due to limitation to homogenous media while the knowledge about geology and heterogeneity is indirectly related or absent. The use of geological information from core description as in Lithofacies which includes digenetic information show a link to permeability when categorized into rock types exposed to similar depositional environment. The objective of this paper is to develop a robust combined workflow integrating geology and petrophysics and wireline logs in an extremely heterogeneous carbonate reservoir to accurately predict permeability. Permeability prediction is carried out using pattern recognition algorithm called multi-resolution graph-based clustering (MRGC). We will bench mark the prediction results with hard data from core and well test analysis. As a result, we showed how much better improvements are achieved in the permeability prediction when geology is integrated within the analysis. Finally, we use the predicted permeability as an input parameter in J-function and correct for uncertainties in saturation calculation produced by wireline logs using the classical Archie equation. Eventually, high level of confidence in hydrocarbon volumes estimation is reached when robust permeability and saturation height functions are estimated in presence of important geological details that are petrophysically meaningful.

Color images of Kansas subsurface geology from well logs

USGS Publications Warehouse

Collins, D.R.; Doveton, J.H.

1986-01-01

Modern wireline log combinations give highly diagnostic information that goes beyond the basic shale content, pore volume, and fluid saturation of older logs. Pattern recognition of geology from logs is made conventionally through either the examination of log overlays or log crossplots. Both methods can be combined through the use of color as a medium of information by setting the three color primaries of blue, green, and red light as axes of three dimensional color space. Multiple log readings of zones are rendered as composite color mixtures which, when plotted sequentially with depth, show lithological successions in a striking manner. The method is extremely simple to program and display on a color monitor. Illustrative examples are described from the Kansas subsurface. ?? 1986.

Application of Formation Testing While Drilling (GeoTap) for acquiring formation pressure data from the Azeri, Chirag and Guneshli wells which were drilled in the Khazarian-Caspian Sea of the Azerbaijan Republic

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Amirov, Elnur

2016-04-01

A new technology to acquire wireline quality pressure tests using a Logging While Drilling approach has been successfully implemented few years ago in Azeri, Chirag and Guneshli wells which were drilled in the Khazarian-Caspian Sea of the Azerbaijan Republic. The Formation Tester While Drilling tool (GeoTap) uses a testing sequence similar to wireline tools. A single probe is extended to the borehole wall and a small pretest volume withdrawn from the formation. The resulting pressure transient is then analyzed for formation pressure, formation permeability and mobility information. Up-link and down-link capabilities have been added to achieve test control and quality feedback. An efficient downlink algorithm is used downhole to analyze the data. The parameters and pressure data are transmitted to the surface in real-time for continuous monitoring of the test. More detailed pressure data is recorded and retrieved after returning to surface. Use of a quartz gauge allows excellent accuracy. Azeri, Chirag and Guneshli fields consist of layered sand reservoirs alternation with shale sequences and detailed pressure data is acquired on a high percentage of wells in order to understand lateral and vertical continuity of different flow units. The formation tester can be utilized with the 'triple combo' Logging While Drilling string which eliminates the need to rig up wireline on many wells. Wireline formation tester runs are time consuming - particularly if high deviation or high overbalance conditions are encountered requiring pipe conveyed techniques. Non-Productive Time is high when the wireline tools are stuck and fishing operations are required. The Sperry Drilling GeoTap formation pressure tester service provides real-time formation pressure measurements. It bridges the critical gap between drilling safety and optimization, by providing early and reliable measurements of key reservoir properties, while improving reservoir understanding and completion design in real time. The GeoTap tester obtains direct pore-pressure measurements as the well is being drilled, with accuracy and precision comparable to that of wireline testers. The GeoTap service can eliminate the time, risk, and cost associated with running pipe-conveyed wireline test tools. It also measures annular and bore pressure while drilling, providing accurate, continuous, real-time hydrostatic pressure, and equivalent circulating density (ECD) information. This aids in determining and maintaining optimal mud weight, reduces formation damage, increases the rate of penetration, and increases operational safety. GeoTap benefits can be improvement of formation evaluation, real-time fluid gradients and fluid mobility (permeability/viscosity indicator), identification of fluid contact points, determination of reservoir connectivity/compartmentalization and depletion, increase safety of operation, determination of optimal mud weight and manage of ECD. We can also continuously monitor wellbore stability for assessments in order to reduce formation damage which in turns will help to increase drilling effectiveness (determine precise overbalance for maximizing ROP and continuously monitor hole-cleaning effectiveness with pressure-while-drilling, while reducing formation damage due to swab/surge). Save time and money by reducing rig down time associated with wireline testing. GeoTap Tool capable of performing more than 150 pressure tests per run and optional orientation of pressure measurement is available (top, right, bottom or left). GeoTap testing has been completed with encouraging results in many wells up to circa 3000m deep. Data has been acquired successfully both in a "Drill-Test-Drill' mode and a "Post-Drill-Test" mode. GeoTap tests have spanned wide ranges of borehole temperature, pressure, mobility as well as formation permeability and overbalance conditions. GeoTap tests in Azeri, Chirag and Guneshli wells which were drilled in the Khazarian-Caspian Sea of the Azerbaijan Republic have proved that a logging while drilling approach can be successfully employed to acquire formation pressure data in open hole (which is also very useful for fluid gradient analysis, oil water and gas oil contacts delineation/identification).

Armored instrumentation cable for geothermal well logging

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dennis, B.R.; Johnson, J.; Todd, B.

1981-01-01

Multiconductor armored well-logging cable is used extensively by the oil and natural gas industry to lower various instruments used to measure the geological and geophysical parameters into deep wellbores. Advanced technology in oil-well drilling makes it possible to achieve borehole depths of 9 km (30,000 ft). The higher temperatures in these deeper boreholes demand advancements in the design and manufacturing of wireline cable and in the electrical insulating and armoring materials used as integral components. If geothermal energy is proved an abundant economic resource, drilling temperatures approaching and exceeding 300/sup 0/C will become commonplace. The adaptation of teflons as electricalmore » insulating material permitted use of armored cable in geothermal wellbores where temperatures are slightly in excess of 200/sup 0/C, and where the concentrations of corrosive minerals and gases are high. Teflon materials presently used in wireline cables, however, are not capable of continuous operation at the anticipated higher temperatures.« less

Logging while fishing technique results in substantial savings

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tollefsen, E.; Everett, M.

1996-12-01

During wireline logging operations, tools occasionally become stuck in the borehole and require fishing. A typical fishing job can take anywhere from 1{1/2}--4 days. In the Gulf of Mexico, a fishing job can easily cost between $100,000 and $500,000. These costs result from nonproductive time during the fishing trip, associated wiper trip and relogging the well. Logging while fishing (LWF) technology is a patented system capable of retrieving a stuck fish and completing the logging run during the same pipe descent. Completing logging operations using LWF method saves time and money. The technique also provides well information where data maymore » not otherwise have been obtained. Other benefits include reduced fishing time and an increased level of safety.« less

The snake geothermal drilling project. Innovative approaches to geothermal exploration

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shervais, John W.; Evans, James P.; Liberty, Lee M.

2014-02-21

The goal of our project was to test innovative technologies using existing and new data, and to ground-truth these technologies using slim-hole core technology. The slim-hole core allowed us to understand subsurface stratigraphy and alteration in detail, and to correlate lithologies observed in core with surface based geophysical studies. Compiled data included geologic maps, volcanic vent distribution, structural maps, existing well logs and temperature gradient logs, groundwater temperatures, and geophysical surveys (resistivity, magnetics, gravity). New data included high-resolution gravity and magnetic surveys, high-resolution seismic surveys, three slimhole test wells, borehole wireline logs, lithology logs, water chemistry, alteration mineralogy, fracture distribution,more » and new thermal gradient measurements.« less

Electrofacies vs. lithofacies sandstone reservoir characterization Campanian sequence, Arshad gas/oil field, Central Sirt Basin, Libya

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Burki, Milad; Darwish, Mohamed

2017-06-01

The present study focuses on the vertically stacked sandstones of the Arshad Sandstone in Arshad gas/oil field, Central Sirt Basin, Libya, and is based on the conventional cores analysis and wireline log interpretation. Six lithofacies types (F1 to F6) were identified based on the lithology, sedimentary structures and biogenic features, and are supported by wireline log calibration. From which four types (F1-F4) represent the main Campanian sandstone reservoirs in the Arshad gas/oil field. Lithofacies F5 is the basal conglomerates at the lower part of the Arshad sandstones. The Paleozoic Gargaf Formation is represented by lithofacies F6 which is the source provenance for the above lithofacies types. Arshad sediments are interpreted to be deposited in shallow marginal and nearshore marine environment influenced by waves and storms representing interactive shelf to fluvio-marine conditions. The main seal rocks are the Campanian Sirte shale deposited in a major flooding events during sea level rise. It is contended that the syn-depositional tectonics controlled the distribution of the reservoir facies in time and space. In addition, the post-depositional changes controlled the reservoir quality and performance. Petrophysical interpretation from the porosity log values were confirmed by the conventional core measurements of the different sandstone lithofacies types. Porosity ranges from 5 to 20% and permeability is between 0 and 20 mD. Petrophysical cut-off summary of the lower part of the clastic dominated sequence (i. e. Arshad Sandstone) calculated from six wells includes net pay sand ranging from 19.5‧ to 202.05‧, average porosity from 7.7 to 15% and water saturation from 19 to 58%.

Applications for evaluation of physical properties - An example of siliceous rock permeability -

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ojima, T.

2015-12-01

ODP Leg. 186, two sites (Site 1150 and Site 1151) were drilled on the continental slope of the deep-sea forearc basin of northern Japan. Diatomaceous sediments were recovered Site 1150 and Site 1151, and the depth of each site is 1181.60 mbsf and 1113.60 mbsf, respectively. This area is under the influence of the Oyashio current and is one of the highly bio-productive regions of the North Pacific Ocean (Motoyama et al., 2004). The combination of high productivity and active tectonic deformation that often caused high rate accumulating of fossil and organic rich sediments. Likewise, IODP Exp. 341 was implemented on off South Alaska. Pelagic and MTD 's layer were recognized with IRD(Ice Rafted Debris). In Tohoku, The onboard results of porosity measurements show high value (50-70 %) down to 1000 mbsf, and obviously higher than nearby subduction trench, Nankai Trough (Taylor and Fisher, 1993). There is a possibility that diatomaceous shell keep a frame structure from effective stress and load pressure. On another drilling site result, DSDP Leg. 19 located 60 km to the north of ODP sites, was reported high value of porosity, but recognized only shallow range (>500 mbsf) (Shephard and Bryant, 1980). Also, South Alaska sediments show high sedimentation rate and cyclic MTD's Layer. Permeability was lower than Tohoku sediments in spite of upper depth. We focused on the relationships between physical property, microstructure, and logging data at deep range(-1000 mbsf). Logging data were collected using wireline logging (Sacks and Suyehiro, 2003; IODP Prel. Rept., 341., 2014). Based on these results, it is expected that microstructure and logging can be integrated into a general model of core-log correlation. In this presentation, We show results of microstructure using SEM, measured physical properties, and wireline logging data, respectively.

Recognition and delineation of Paleokarst zones by the use of wireline logs in the bitumen-saturated upper Devonian Grosmont formation of Northeastern Alberta, Canada

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dembicki, E.A.; Machel, H.G.

1996-05-01

The Upper Devonian Grosmont Formation in northeastern Alberta, Canada, is a shallow-marine carbonate platform complex that was subaerially exposed for hundreds of millions of years between the Mississippian(?) and Cretaceous. During this lengthy exposure period, an extensive karst system developed that is characterized by an irregular erosional surface, meter-size (several feet) dissolution cavities, collapse breccias, sinkholes, paleosols, and fractures. The karsted Grosmont Formation, which contains giant reserves of bitumen, sub-crops beneath Cretaceous clastic sediments of the giant Athabasca tar sands deposit. The paleokarst in the Grosmont Formation can be recognized on wireline logs in relatively nonargillaceous carbonate intervals (<30 APImore » units on the gamma-ray log) as excursions of the caliper log, off-scale neutron-density porosity readings, and severe cycle skipping of the acoustic log. The paleokarst is more prevalent in the upper units of the Grosmont Formation, and the effects of karstification decrease toward stratigraphically older and deeper units. The paleokarst usually occurs within 35 m (115 ft) of the erosional surface. The reservoir properties of the Grosmont Formation (e.g., thickness, porosity, permeability, and seal effectiveness) are significantly influenced by karstification. Depending upon the location, karstification has either benefited or degraded the reservoir characteristics. Benefits include porosity values greater than 40% (up to 100% in caverns) and permeability values of 30,000 md in severely fractured intervals. Detrimental reservoir characteristics include erosion, porosity and permeability reduction, and seal ineffectiveness.« less

Quantification of Organic richness through wireline logs: a case study of Roseneath shale formation, Cooper basin, Australia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ahmad, Maqsood; Iqbal, Omer; Kadir, Askury Abd

2017-10-01

The late Carboniferous-Middle Triassic, intracratonic Cooper basin in northeastern South Australia and southwestern Queensland is Australia's foremost onshore hydrocarbon producing region. The basin compromises Permian carbonaceous shale like lacustrine Roseneath and Murteree shale formation which is acting as source and reservoir rock. The source rock can be distinguished from non-source intervals by lower density, higher transit time, higher gamma ray values, higher porosity and resistivity with increasing organic content. In current dissertation we have attempted to compare the different empirical approaches based on density relation and Δ LogR method through three overlays of sonic/resistivity, neutron/resistivity and density/resistivity to quantify Total organic content (TOC) of Permian lacustrine Roseneath shale formation using open hole wireline log data (DEN, GR, CNL, LLD) of Encounter 1 well. The TOC calculated from fourteen density relations at depth interval between 3174.5-3369 meters is averaged 0.56% while TOC from sonic/resistivity, neutron/resistivity and density/resistivity yielded an average value of 3.84%, 3.68%, 4.40%. The TOC from average of three overlay method is yielded to 3.98%. According to geochemical report in PIRSA the Roseneath shale formation has TOC from 1 - 5 wt %.There is unpromising correlations observed for calculated TOC from fourteen density relations and measured TOC on samples. The TOC from average value of three overlays using Δ LogR method showed good correlation with measured TOC on samples.

Interlake production established using quantitative hydrocarbon well-log analysis

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lancaster, J.; Atkinson, A.

1988-07-01

Production was established in a new pay zone of the basal Interlake Formation adjacent to production in Midway field in Williams County, North Dakota. Hydrocarbon saturation, which was computed using hydrocarbon well-log (mud-log) data, and computed permeability encouraged the operator to run casing and test this zone. By use of drilling rig parameters, drilling mud properties, hydrocarbon-show data from the mud log, drilled rock and porosity descriptions, and wireline log porosity, this new technique computes oil saturation (percent of porosity) and permeability to the invading filtrate, using the Darcy equation. The Leonardo Fee well was drilled to test the Devonianmore » Duperow, the Silurian upper Interlake, and the Ordovician Red River. The upper two objectives were penetrated downdip from Midway production and there were no hydrocarbon shows. It was determined that the Red River was tight, based on sample examination by well site personnel. The basal Interlake, however, liberated hydrocarbon shows that were analyzed by this new technology. The results of this evaluation accurately predicted this well would be a commercial success when placed in production. Where geophysical log analysis might be questionable, this new evaluation technique may provide answers to anticipated oil saturation and producibility. The encouraging results of hydrocarbon saturation and permeability, produced by this technique, may be largely responsible for the well being in production today.« less

Preliminary Fracture Description from Core, Lithological Logs, and Borehole Geophysical Data in Slimhole Wells Drilled for Project Hotspot: the Snake River Geothermal Drilling Project

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kessler, J. A.; Evans, J. P.; Shervais, J. W.; Schmitt, D.

2011-12-01

The Snake River Geothermal Drilling Project (Project Hotspot) seeks to assess the potential for geothermal energy development in the Snake River Plain (SRP), Idaho. Three deep slimhole wells are drilled at the Kimama, Kimberly, and Mountain Home sites in the central SRP. The Kimama and Kimberly wells are complete and the Mountain Home well is in progress. Total depth at Kimama is 1,912 m while total depth at Kimberly is 1,958 m. Mountain Home is expected to reach around 1,900 m. Full core is recovered and complete suites of wireline borehole geophysical data have been collected at both Kimama and Kimberly sites along with vertical seismic profiles. Part of the geothermal assessment includes evaluating the changes in the nature of fractures with depth through the study of physical core samples and analysis of the wireline geophysical data to better understand how fractures affect permeability in the zones that have the potential for geothermal fluid migration. The fracture inventory is complete for the Kimama borehole and preliminary analyses indicate that fracture zones are related to basaltic flow boundaries. The average fracture density is 17 fractures/3 m. The maximum fracture density is 110 fractures/3 m. Fracture density varies with depth and increases considerably in the bottom 200 m of the well. Initial indications are that the majority of fractures are oriented subhorizontally but a considerable number are oriented subvertically as well. We expect to statistically evaluate the distribution of fracture length and orientation as well as analyze local alteration and secondary mineralization that might indicate fluid pathways that we can use to better understand permeability at depth in the borehole. Near real-time temperature data from the Kimama borehole indicate a temperature gradient of 82°C/km below the base of the Snake River Plain aquifer at a depth of 960 m bgs. The measured temperature at around 1,400 m depth is 55°C and the projected temperature at 2,000 m depth is 102°C. The rock types at Kimama and Kimberly are primarily basalt and rhyolite, respectively, with interbedded thin sedimentary layers. We identify anomalies in the physical properties of igneous rocks using porosity logs (neutron and acoustic), lithology logs (gamma ray and magnetic susceptibility) and fracture/saturation logs (televiewer and electrical resistivity). The core will be used to constrain the geophysical data and confirm the ability to identify permeability in fracture zones and saturated zones through analysis of the wireline log data. The matrix porosity of these igneous lithologies is near zero aside from porosity from vugs and vesicles. However, open and sealed fractures indicate that mineralizing fluids form connected pathways in the rock. Core samples show a series of alteration phases, including amygdaloidal fine-grained calcite and secondary clays. The geophysical data will be used to predict anomalies in lithology and identify open fractures and saturated zones with high permeability.

Fracture characteristics of gas hydrate-bearing sediments in the Ulleung Basin, East Sea

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kim, Gil Young; Narantsetseg, Buyanbat; Yoo, Dong Geun; Ryu, Byong Jae

2015-04-01

The LWD (Logging-While-Drilling) logging (including wireline logging) and coring (including pressure coring) were conducted during UBGH2 (Ulleung Basin Gas Hydrate) expedition. The LWD data from 13 logged sites were obtained and most of the sites showed typical log data indicating the presence of gas hydrate. In particular, prominent fractures were clearly identified on the resistivity borehole images from the seismic chimney structures. The strike and dip of each fracture in all sites was calculated and displayed on the stereographic plot and rosette diagram. Fracture orientations on the stereographic plot are more broadly distributed, indicating that the fracture pattern is not well-ordered on the rosette diagram, although the maximum horizontal stress dominates NW-SE direction at most sites. This indicates that accurate horizontal stress directions cannot be completely resolved from the fractures. Moreover, the fractures may be developed from overburden (e.g., gravitational effect) compaction associated with sediment dewatering after deposition. Thus we should consider various factors affecting formation of fractures in order to interpret the origin of fractures. Nevertheless, the results of fracture analysis can be used to interpret distribution pattern and type of gas hydrate in the Ulleung Basin. .

What's new in well logging and formation evaluation

USGS Publications Warehouse

Prensky, S.

2011-01-01

A number of significant new developments is emerging in well logging and formation evaluation. Some of the new developments include an ultrasonic wireline imager, an electromagnetic free-point indicator, wired and fiber-optic coiled tubing systems, and extreme-temperature logging-while-drilling (LWD) tools. The continued consolidation of logging and petrophysical service providers in 2010 means that these innovations are increasingly being provided by a few large companies. Weatherford International has launched a slimhole cross-dipole tool as part of the company's line of compact logging tools. The 26-ft-long Compact Cross-Dipole Sonic (CXD) tool can be run as part of a quad-combo compact logging string. Halliburton has introduced a version of its circumferential acoustic scanning tool (CAST) that runs on monoconductor cable (CAST-M) to provide high-resolution images in open hole and in cased hole for casing and cement evaluation.

Integrated NMR Core and Log Investigations With Respect to ODP LEG 204

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Arnold, J.; Pechnig, R.; Clauser, C.; Anferova, S.; Blümich, B.

2005-12-01

NMR techniques are widely used in the oil industry and are one of the most suitable methods to evaluate in-situ formation porosity and permeability. Recently, efforts are directed towards adapting NMR methods also to the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) and the upcoming Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP). We apply a newly developed light-weight, mobile NMR core scanner as a non-destructive instrument to determine routinely rock porosity and to estimate the pore size distribution. The NMR core scanner is used for transverse relaxation measurements on water-saturated core sections using a CPMG sequence with a short echo time. A regularized Laplace-transform analysis yields the distribution of transverse relaxation times T2. In homogeneous magnetic fields, T2 is proportional to the pore diameter of rocks. Hence, the T2 signal maps the pore-size distribution of the studied rock samples. For fully saturated samples the integral of the distribution curve and the CPMG echo amplitude extrapolated to zero echo time are proportional to porosity. Preliminary results show that the NMR core scanner is a suitable tool to determine rock porosity and to estimate pore size distribution of limestones and sandstones. Presently our investigations focus on Leg 204, where NMR Logging-While-Drilling (LWD) was performed for the first time in ODP. Leg 204 was drilled into Hydrate Ridge on the Cascadia accretionary margin, offshore Oregon. All drilling and logging operations were highly successful, providing excellent core, wireline, and LWD data from adjacent boreholes. Cores recovered during Leg 204 consist mainly of clay and claystone. As the NMR core scanner operates at frequencies higher than that of the well-logging sensor it has a shorter dead time. This advantage makes the NMR core scanner sensitive to signals with T2 values down to 0.1 ms as compared to 3 ms in NMR logging. Hence, we can study even rocks with small pores, such as the mudcores recovered during Leg 204. We present a comparison of data from core scanning and NMR logging. Future integration of conventional wireline data and electrical borehole wall images (RAB/FMS) will provide a detailed characterization of the sediments in terms of lithology, petrophysics and, fluid flow properties.

A proven record in changing attitudes about MWD logs

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cantrell, L.; Paxson, K.B.; Keyser, W.L.

1993-07-01

Measurement while drilling (MWD) logs for quantitative reservoir characterization were evaluated during drilling of Gulf of Mexico flexure trend projects, Kilauea (Green Canyon Blocks 6 and 50) and Tick (Garden Banks Block 189). Comparisons confirmed that MWD can be used as an accurate replacement for wireline logging when borehole size is not a limiting factor. Texaco MWD experience evolved from last resort' to primary formation evaluation logging, which resulted in rigtime and associated cost savings. Difficult wells are now drilled and evaluated with confidence, geopressure is safely monitored, conventional core interval tops are selected, and geologic interpretations and operational decisionsmore » are made before wells TD. This paper reviews the performance, accuracy, and limitations of the MWD systems and compares the results to standard geophysical well logging techniques. Four case histories are presented.« less

Modified method for estimating petroleum source-rock potential using wireline logs, with application to the Kingak Shale, Alaska North Slope

USGS Publications Warehouse

Rouse, William A.; Houseknecht, David W.

2016-02-11

In 2012, the U.S. Geological Survey completed an assessment of undiscovered, technically recoverable oil and gas resources in three source rocks of the Alaska North Slope, including the lower part of the Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous Kingak Shale. In order to identify organic shale potential in the absence of a robust geochemical dataset from the lower Kingak Shale, we introduce two quantitative parameters, $\\Delta DT_\\bar{x}$ and $\\Delta DT_z$, estimated from wireline logs from exploration wells and based in part on the commonly used delta-log resistivity ($\\Delta \\text{ }log\\text{ }R$) technique. Calculation of $\\Delta DT_\\bar{x}$ and $\\Delta DT_z$ is intended to produce objective parameters that may be proportional to the quality and volume, respectively, of potential source rocks penetrated by a well and can be used as mapping parameters to convey the spatial distribution of source-rock potential. Both the $\\Delta DT_\\bar{x}$ and $\\Delta DT_z$ mapping parameters show increased source-rock potential from north to south across the North Slope, with the largest values at the toe of clinoforms in the lower Kingak Shale. Because thermal maturity is not considered in the calculation of $\\Delta DT_\\bar{x}$ or $\\Delta DT_z$, total organic carbon values for individual wells cannot be calculated on the basis of $\\Delta DT_\\bar{x}$ or $\\Delta DT_z$ alone. Therefore, the $\\Delta DT_\\bar{x}$ and $\\Delta DT_z$ mapping parameters should be viewed as first-step reconnaissance tools for identifying source-rock potential.

REAL-TIME TRACER MONITORING OF RESERVOIR STIMULATION PROCEDURES VIA ELECTRONIC WIRELINE AND TELEMETRY DATA TRANSMISSION

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

George L. Scott III

2005-01-01

Finalized Phase 2-3 project work has field-proven two separate real-time reservoir processes that were co-developed via funding by the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL). Both technologies are presently patented in the United States and select foreign markets; a downhole-commingled reservoir stimulation procedure and a real-time tracer-logged fracturing diagnostic system. Phase 2 and early Phase 3 project work included the research, development and well testing of a U.S. patented gamma tracer fracturing diagnostic system. This stimulation logging process was successfully field-demonstrated; real-time tracer measurement of fracture height while fracturing was accomplished and proven technically possible. However, after the initial well tests,more » there were several licensing issues that developed between service providers that restricted and minimized Realtimezone's (RTZ) ability to field-test the real-time gamma diagnostic system as was originally outlined for this project. Said restrictions were encountered after when one major provider agreed to license their gamma logging tools to another. Both of these companies previously promised contributory support toward Realtimezone's DE-FC26-99FT40129 project work, however, actual support was less than desired when newly-licensed wireline gamma logging tools from one company were converted by the other from electric wireline into slickline, batter-powered ''memory'' tools for post-stimulation logging purposes. Unfortunately, the converted post-fracture measurement memory tools have no applications in experimentally monitoring real-time movement of tracers in the reservoir concurrent with the fracturing treatment. RTZ subsequently worked with other tracer gamma-logging tool companies for basic gamma logging services, but with lessened results due to lack of multiple-isotope detection capability. In addition to real-time logging system development and well testing, final Phase 2 and Phase 3 project work included the development of a real-time reservoir stimulation procedure, which was successfully field-demonstrated and is presently patented in the U.S. and select foreign countries, including Venezuela, Brazil and Canada. Said patents are co-owned by RTZ and the National Energy Technology Lab (NETL). In 2002, Realtimezone and the NETL licensed said patents to Halliburton Energy Services (HES). Additional licensing agreements (LA) are anticipated with other service industry companies in 2005. Final Phase 3 work has led to commercial applications of the real-time reservoir stimulation procedure. Four successfully downhole-mixed well tests were conducted with commercially expected production results. The most recent, fourth field test was a downhole-mixed stimulated well completed in June, 2004, which currently produces 11 BOPD with 90 barrels of water per day. Conducted Phase 2 and Phase 3 field-test work to date has resulted in the fine-tuning of a real-time enhanced stimulation system that will significantly increase future petroleum well recoveries in the United States and foreign petroleum fields, both onshore and offshore, and in vertical and horizontal wells.« less

A portable borehole temperature logging system using the four-wire resistance method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Erkan, Kamil; Akkoyunlu, Bülent; Balkan, Elif; Tayanç, Mete

2017-12-01

High-quality temperature-depth information from boreholes with a depth of 100 m or more is used in geothermal studies and in studies of climate change. Electrical wireline tools with thermistor sensors are capable of measuring borehole temperatures with millikelvin resolution. The use of a surface readout mode allows analysis of the thermally conductive state of a borehole, which is especially important for climatic and regional heat flow studies. In this study we describe the design of a portable temperature logging tool that uses the four-wire resistance measurement method. The four-wire method enables the elimination of cable resistance effects, thus allowing millikelvin resolution of temperature data at depth. A preliminary two-wire model of the system is also described. The portability of the tool enables one to collect data from boreholes down to 300 m, even in locations with limited accessibility.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

W. Lynn Watney; John H. Doveton

GEMINI (Geo-Engineering Modeling through Internet Informatics) is a public-domain web application focused on analysis and modeling of petroleum reservoirs and plays (http://www.kgs.ukans.edu/Gemini/index.html). GEMINI creates a virtual project by ''on-the-fly'' assembly and analysis of on-line data either from the Kansas Geological Survey or uploaded from the user. GEMINI's suite of geological and engineering web applications for reservoir analysis include: (1) petrofacies-based core and log modeling using an interactive relational rock catalog and log analysis modules; (2) a well profile module; (3) interactive cross sections to display ''marked'' wireline logs; (4) deterministic gridding and mapping of petrophysical data; (5) calculation and mappingmore » of layer volumetrics; (6) material balance calculations; (7) PVT calculator; (8) DST analyst, (9) automated hydrocarbon association navigator (KHAN) for database mining, and (10) tutorial and help functions. The Kansas Hydrocarbon Association Navigator (KHAN) utilizes petrophysical databases to estimate hydrocarbon pay or other constituent at a play- or field-scale. Databases analyzed and displayed include digital logs, core analysis and photos, DST, and production data. GEMINI accommodates distant collaborations using secure password protection and authorized access. Assembled data, analyses, charts, and maps can readily be moved to other applications. GEMINI's target audience includes small independents and consultants seeking to find, quantitatively characterize, and develop subtle and bypassed pays by leveraging the growing base of digital data resources. Participating companies involved in the testing and evaluation of GEMINI included Anadarko, BP, Conoco-Phillips, Lario, Mull, Murfin, and Pioneer Resources.« less

Characterization of the Hydrocarbon Potential and Non-Potential Zones Using Wavelet-Based Fractal Analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mukherjee, Bappa; Roy, P. N. S.

The identification of prospective and dry zone is of major importance from well log data. Truthfulness in the identification of potential zone is a very crucial issue in hydrocarbon exploration. In this line, the problem has received considerable attention and many conventional techniques have been proposed. The purpose of this study is to recognize the hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon bearing portion within a reservoir by using the non-conventional technique. The wavelet based fractal analysis (WBFA) has been applied on the wire-line log data in order to obtain the pre-defined hydrocarbon (HC) and non-hydrocarbon (NHC) zones by their self-affine signal nature is demonstrated in this paper. The feasibility of the proposed technique is tested with the help of most commonly used logs, like self-potential, gamma ray, resistivity and porosity log responses. These logs are obtained from the industry to make out several HC and NHC zones of all wells in the study region belonging to the upper Assam basin. The results obtained in this study for a particular log response, where in the case of HC bearing zones, it is found that they are mainly situated in a variety of sandstones lithology which leads to the higher Hurst exponent. Further, the NHC zones found to be analogous to lithology with higher shale content having lower Hurst exponent. The above proposed technique can overcome the chance of miss interpretation in conventional reservoir characterization.

Description and correlation of reservoir heterogenity within the Big Injun sandstone, Granny Creek field, West Virginia

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Vargo, A.; McDowell, R.; Matchen, D.

1992-01-01

The Granny Creek field (approximately 6 sq. miles in area), located in Clay and Roane counties, West Virginia, produces oil from the Big Injun sandstone (Lower Mississippian). Analysis of 15 cores, 22 core analyses, and approximately 400 wireline logs (gamma ray and bulk density) show that the Big Injun (approximately 12 to 55 feet thick) can be separated into an upper, coarse-grained sandstone and a lower, fine-grained sandstone. The Big Injun is truncated by an erosional unconformity of Early to Middle Mississippian age which removes the coarse-grain upper unit in the northwest portion of the field. The cores show nodulesmore » and zones (1 inch to 6 feet thick) of calcite and siderite cement. Where the cements occur as zones, porosity and permeability are reduced. Thin shales (1 inch to 1 foot thick) are found in the coarse-grained member of the Big Injun, whereas the bottom of the fine-grained, lower member contains intertongues of dark shale which cause pinchouts in porosity at the bottom of the reservoir. Calcite and siderite cement are recognized on wireline logs as high bulk density zones that form horizontal, inclined, and irregular pods of impermeable sandstone. At a 400 foot well spacing, pods may be confined to a single well or encompass as many as 30 wells creating linear and irregular barriers to flow. These pods increase the length of the fluid flow path and may divide the reservoir into discrete compartments. The combination of sedimentologic and diagenetic features contribute to the heterogeneity observed in the field.« less

Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope: Coring operations, core sedimentology, and lithostratigraphy

USGS Publications Warehouse

Rose, K.; Boswell, R.; Collett, T.

2011-01-01

In February 2007, BP Exploration (Alaska), the U.S. Department of Energy, and the U.S. Geological Survey completed the BPXA-DOE-USGS Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well (Mount Elbert well) in the Milne Point Unit on the Alaska North Slope. The program achieved its primary goals of validating the pre-drill estimates of gas hydrate occurrence and thickness based on 3-D seismic interpretations and wireline log correlations and collecting a comprehensive suite of logging, coring, and pressure testing data. The upper section of the Mount Elbert well was drilled through the base of ice-bearing permafrost to a casing point of 594??m (1950??ft), approximately 15??m (50??ft) above the top of the targeted reservoir interval. The lower portion of the well was continuously cored from 606??m (1987??ft) to 760??m (2494??ft) and drilled to a total depth of 914??m. Ice-bearing permafrost extends to a depth of roughly 536??m and the base of gas hydrate stability is interpreted to extend to a depth of 870??m. Coring through the targeted gas hydrate bearing reservoirs was completed using a wireline-retrievable system. The coring program achieved 85% recovery of 7.6??cm (3??in) diameter core through 154??m (504??ft) of the hole. An onsite team processed the cores, collecting and preserving approximately 250 sub-samples for analyses of pore water geochemistry, microbiology, gas chemistry, petrophysical analysis, and thermal and physical properties. Eleven samples were immediately transferred to either methane-charged pressure vessels or liquid nitrogen for future study of the preserved gas hydrate. Additional offsite sampling, analyses, and detailed description of the cores were also conducted. Based on this work, one lithostratigraphic unit with eight subunits was identified across the cored interval. Subunits II and Va comprise the majority of the reservoir facies and are dominantly very fine to fine, moderately sorted, quartz, feldspar, and lithic fragment-bearing to -rich sands. Lithostratigraphic and palynologic data indicate that this section is most likely early Eocene to late Paleocene in age. The examined units contain evidence for both marine and non-marine lithofacies, and indications that the depositional environment for the reservoir facies may have been shallower marine than originally interpreted based on pre-drill wireline log interpretations. There is also evidence of reduced salinity marine conditions during deposition that may be related to the paleo-climate and depositional conditions during the early Eocene. ?? 2010.

Field project to obtain pressure core, wireline log, and production test data for evaluation of CO/sub 2/ flooding potential, Conoco MCA unit well No. 358, Maljamar Field, Lea County, New Mexico

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Swift, T.E.; Marlow, R.E.; Wilhelm, M.H.

1981-11-01

This report describes part of the work done to fulfill a contract awarded to Gruy Federal, Inc., by the Department of Energy (DOE) on Feburary 12, 1979. The work includes pressure-coring and associated logging and testing programs to provide data on in-situ oil saturation, porosity and permeability distribution, and other data needed for resource characterization of fields and reservoirs in which CO/sub 2/ injection might have a high probability of success. This report details the second such project. Core porosities agreed well with computed log porosities. Core water saturation and computed log porosities agree fairly well from 3692 to 3712more » feet, poorly from 3712 to 3820 feet and in a general way from 4035 to 4107 feet. Computer log analysis techniques incorporating the a, m, and n values obtained from Core Laboratories analysis did not improve the agreement of log versus core derived water saturations. However, both core and log analysis indicated the ninth zone had the highest residual hydrocarbon saturations and production data confirmed the validity of oil saturation determinations. Residual oil saturation, for the perforated and tested intervals were 259 STB/acre-ft for the interval from 4035 to 4055 feet, and 150 STB/acre-ft for the interval from 3692 to 3718 feet. Nine BOPD was produced from the interval 4035 to 4055 feet and no oil was produced from interval 3692 to 3718 feet, qualitatively confirming the relative oil saturations as calculated. The low oil production in the zone from 4022 to 4055 and the lack of production from 3692 to 3718 feet indicated the zone to be at or near residual waterflood conditions as determined by log analysis. This project demonstrates the usefulness of integrating pressure core, log, and production data to realistically evaluate a reservoir for carbon dioxide flood.« less

Defining Lithological Units by Cuttings, Core and Logging Data at Site C0009A in the Nankai Trough, Japan: IODP Expedition 319

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Efimenko, N.; Schleicher, A. M.; Buchs, D. M.; Buret, C.; Kawabata, K.; Boutt, D. F.; Underwood, M.; Araki, E.; Byrne, T. B.; McNeill, L. C.; Saffer, D. M.; Eguchi, N. O.; Takahashi, K.; Toczko, S.; Scientists, E.

2009-12-01

The use of cuttings as an alternative or addition to core material is broadly debated in on-shore and off-shore drilling expeditions. Expedition 319 is the first IODP based Nankai Trough Seismogenic Zone Experiment (NanTroSEIZE) project using the riser-drilling method to collect cutting and core samples for scientific studies. One major scientific objective for this site was to characterise the lithology and deformation history of the Kumano forearc basin sediments and its underlying units through comparison of (i) cuttings, (ii) core, (iii) measurements while drilling, and (iv) wireline logging data. Cuttings were retrieved from each 5 m intervals from 703.9 to 1604 m, and cores were recovered from 1509.7 to 1593.9 m below sea floor. As core availability was limited, the study of cuttings was a crucial step in improving our understanding of their potential and limits for lithostratigraphical interpretations compared to core. Mineralogical and chemical analysis of cuttings and core, wireline logging data, and gamma ray data from MWD were available to define four lithostratigraphic units. These units are composed of mud and mudstone with coarser silty and sandy interbeds, and volcanic ash/tuff. Consistency between unit boundaries determined from cuttings and those determined from log data is good in terms of depth, with typical mismatches of less than 10m. Three significant problems affecting the preservation of cuttings were (1) mixing of cuttings as they travel from the drill face to the surface, (2) alteration of natural mineral and structure signatures, and (3) possible contamination from natural clay minerals with the polymer/bentonite drill mud. These difficulties can be overcome in part through the analysis of cuttings of similar sizes (1-4 mm), guided by the analyses of bulk cuttings. A more accurate quantitative characterisation of cuttings through the use of digital imaging might improve the description of lithofacies. Although the quality of cuttings is affected by caving and drilling mud contamination, our results clearly indicate that cuttings retrieval is a viable alternative to coring in ocean drilling. However, to improve the precision of lithostratigraphical observations and interpretations in critical intervals, the study of cores is needed.

30 CFR 550.116 - How do I determine producibility if my well is in the Gulf of Mexico?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR OFFSHORE OIL AND GAS AND SULPHUR OPERATIONS IN THE OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF General... analyses that show that the section is capable of producing oil or gas. (3) Wireline formation test and/or mud-logging analyses that show that the section is capable of producing oil or gas. (4) A resistivity...

30 CFR 550.116 - How do I determine producibility if my well is in the Gulf of Mexico?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR OFFSHORE OIL AND GAS AND SULPHUR OPERATIONS IN THE OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF General... analyses that show that the section is capable of producing oil or gas. (3) Wireline formation test and/or mud-logging analyses that show that the section is capable of producing oil or gas. (4) A resistivity...

30 CFR 550.116 - How do I determine producibility if my well is in the Gulf of Mexico?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR OFFSHORE OIL AND GAS AND SULPHUR OPERATIONS IN THE OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF General... analyses that show that the section is capable of producing oil or gas. (3) Wireline formation test and/or mud-logging analyses that show that the section is capable of producing oil or gas. (4) A resistivity...

CORRELATOR 5.2 - A program for interactive lithostratigraphic correlation of wireline logs

USGS Publications Warehouse

Olea, R.A.

2004-01-01

The limited radius of investigation of petrophysical measurements made in boreholes and the relatively large distances between wells result in an incomplete sensing of the subsurface through well logging. CORRELATOR is a program for estimating geological properties between logged boreholes. An initial and fundamental step is the lithostratigraphic correlation of logs in different wells. The method employed by the program closely emulates the process of visual inspection used by experienced subsurface geologists in manual correlation. Mathematically, the determination of lithostratigraphical equivalence is based on the simultaneous assessment of similarity in shale content, similarity in the patterns of vertical variation in a petrophysical property that is measured with high vertical resolution, and spatial consistency of stratigraphic relationships as determined by an expert system. Multiple additional options for processing log readings allow maximization in the extraction of information from pairs of logs per well and great flexibility in the final display of results in the form of cross sections and dip diagrams. ?? 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Subsurface recognition of oolitic facies in carbonate sequence: Exploration and development applications: Ste. Genevieve Formation (Mississippian), Illinois basin

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bandy, W.F.

1989-08-01

The oolitic grainstone facies of the Ste. Genevieve Limestone is a widespread and highly productive reservoir in the Illinois basin. However, exploration and development of these oolitic facies are hampered by the inability to recognize the reservoir on logs. In many areas, the only log data available are old wireline electric logs. Comparison of cores with log response in northern Lawrence field, Lawrence County, Illinois, indicates a subjective but predictable relationship between log signature and carbonate lithology. Two productive lithologies, dolomite and oolitic grainstone, display well-developed SP curves. However, resistivity response is greatest in dense limestone, less well developed inmore » oolitic grainstone, and poorly developed in dolomites. On gamma-ray logs, oolitic facies can be differentiated from dolomites by their lower radioactivity. Oolitic sands are most easily recognized on porosity logs, where their average porosity is 13.7%, only half the average porosity of dolomites. In a new well, the best information for subsequent offset and development of an oolitic reservoir is provided by porosity and dipmeter logs.« less

Deformation Analyses and Lithologic Characterization in Overpressured Basins Based on Logging While Drilling and Wireline Results from the Gulf of Mexico

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Iturrino, G. J.; Pirmez, C.; Moore, J. C.; Reichow, M. K.; Dugan, B. E.; Sawyer, D. E.; Flemings, P. B.; Shipboard Scientific Party, I.

2005-12-01

IODP Expedition 308 drilled transects along the Brazos-Trinity IV and Ursa Basins in the western and eastern Gulf of Mexico, respectively, for examining how sedimentation, overpressure, fluid flow, and deformation are coupled in passive margin settings. A total of eight holes were logged using either logging while drilling (LWD) or wireline techniques to evaluate the controls on slope stability, understand the timing of sedimentation and slumping, establish the petrophysical properties of shallow sediments, and provide a better understanding of turbidite systems. Overall, the log responses vary for the different lithostratigraphic units and associated regional seismic reflectors. The data acquired also make bed-to-bed correlation between sites possible, which is valuable for the study of sandy turbidites and studies of regional deformation. The thick sedimentary successions drilled at these basins show records of the evolution of channel-levee systems composed of low relief channels that were incapable of confining the turbidity currents causing an overspill of sand and silt. In addition, mass transport deposits at shallow depths, and transitions between interbedded silt, sand, and mud units are common features identified in many of the downhole logging data. In the Ursa Basin sediments, resistivity-at-the-bit images show significant deformation of the overlying hemipelagic drape and distal turbidites that were drilled in these areas. Numerous dipping beds throughout these intervals with dips ranging from 5 to 55 degrees confirm core observations. Steeply deformed beds, with dips as high as 65 degrees, and folded and faulted beds suggest down slope remobilization as mass-transport deposits. Resistivity images also show evidence of these mass-transport deposits where steep dips and folds suggest the presence of overturned beds within a series of cyclic intervals that we interpret as a succession of sand-silt-mud lamina. Preliminary structural analyses suggest that many of the deformation features trend in an E-W direction with the majority dipping to the north.

Wallula Basalt Pilot Demonstration Project: Post-injection Results and Conclusions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

McGrail, Bernard Pete; Schaef, Herbert T.; Spane, Frank A.

Deep underground geologic formations are emerging as a reasonable option for long-term storage of CO 2, including large continental flood basalt formations. At the GHGT-11 and GHGT-12 conferences, progress was reported on the initial phases for Wallula Basalt Pilot demonstration test (located in Eastern Washington state), where nearly 1,000 metric tons of CO 2 were injected over a 3-week period during July/August 2013. The target CO 2 injection intervals were two permeable basalt interflow reservoir zones with a combined thickness of ~20 m that occur within a layered basalt sequence between a depth of 830-890 m below ground surface. Duringmore » the two-year post-injection period, downhole fluid samples were periodically collected during this post-injection monitoring phase, coupled with limited wireline borehole logging surveys that provided indirect evidence of on-going chemical geochemical reactions/alterations and CO 2 disposition. A final detailed post-closure field characterization program that included downhole fluid sampling, and performance of hydrologic tests and wireline geophysical surveys. Included as part of the final wireline characterization activities was the retrieval of side-wall cores from within the targeted injection zones. These cores were examined for evidence of in-situ mineral carbonization. Visual observations of the core material identified small globular nodules, translucent to yellow in color, residing within vugs and small cavities of the recovered basalt side-wall cores, which were not evident in pre-injection side-wall cores obtained from the native basalt formation. Characterization by x-ray diffraction identified these nodular precipitates as ankerite, a commonly occurring iron and calcium rich carbonate. Isotopic characterization (δ 13C, δ 18O) conducted on the ankerite nodules indicate a distinct isotopic signature that is closely aligned with that of the injected CO 2. Both the secondary mineral nodules and injected CO 2 are measurably different from the isotopic content of basalt, injection zone groundwater and for naturally occurring calcite. Final post-injection wireline geophysical logging results also indicate the presence of free-phase CO 2 at the top of the two injection interflow zones, with no vertical migration of CO 2 above the injection horizons. Furthermore, these findings are significant and demonstrate the feasibility of sequestering CO 2 in a basalt formation.« less

Wallula Basalt Pilot Demonstration Project: Post-injection Results and Conclusions

DOE PAGES

McGrail, Bernard Pete; Schaef, Herbert T.; Spane, Frank A.; ...

2017-08-18

Deep underground geologic formations are emerging as a reasonable option for long-term storage of CO 2, including large continental flood basalt formations. At the GHGT-11 and GHGT-12 conferences, progress was reported on the initial phases for Wallula Basalt Pilot demonstration test (located in Eastern Washington state), where nearly 1,000 metric tons of CO 2 were injected over a 3-week period during July/August 2013. The target CO 2 injection intervals were two permeable basalt interflow reservoir zones with a combined thickness of ~20 m that occur within a layered basalt sequence between a depth of 830-890 m below ground surface. Duringmore » the two-year post-injection period, downhole fluid samples were periodically collected during this post-injection monitoring phase, coupled with limited wireline borehole logging surveys that provided indirect evidence of on-going chemical geochemical reactions/alterations and CO 2 disposition. A final detailed post-closure field characterization program that included downhole fluid sampling, and performance of hydrologic tests and wireline geophysical surveys. Included as part of the final wireline characterization activities was the retrieval of side-wall cores from within the targeted injection zones. These cores were examined for evidence of in-situ mineral carbonization. Visual observations of the core material identified small globular nodules, translucent to yellow in color, residing within vugs and small cavities of the recovered basalt side-wall cores, which were not evident in pre-injection side-wall cores obtained from the native basalt formation. Characterization by x-ray diffraction identified these nodular precipitates as ankerite, a commonly occurring iron and calcium rich carbonate. Isotopic characterization (δ 13C, δ 18O) conducted on the ankerite nodules indicate a distinct isotopic signature that is closely aligned with that of the injected CO 2. Both the secondary mineral nodules and injected CO 2 are measurably different from the isotopic content of basalt, injection zone groundwater and for naturally occurring calcite. Final post-injection wireline geophysical logging results also indicate the presence of free-phase CO 2 at the top of the two injection interflow zones, with no vertical migration of CO 2 above the injection horizons. Furthermore, these findings are significant and demonstrate the feasibility of sequestering CO 2 in a basalt formation.« less

Elevated gas hydrate saturation within silt and silty clay sediments in the Shenhu area, South China Sea

USGS Publications Warehouse

Wang, Xiujuan; Hutchinson, Deborah R.; Wu, Shiguo; Yang, Shengxiong; Guo, Yiqun

2011-01-01

Gas hydrate saturations were estimated using five different methods in silt and silty clay foraminiferous sediments from drill hole SH2 in the South China Sea. Gas hydrate saturations derived from observed pore water chloride values in core samples range from 10 to 45% of the pore space at 190–221 m below seafloor (mbsf). Gas hydrate saturations estimated from resistivity (Rt) using wireline logging results are similar and range from 10 to 40.5% in the pore space. Gas hydrate saturations were also estimated by P wave velocity obtained during wireline logging by using a simplified three-phase equation (STPE) and effective medium theory (EMT) models. Gas hydrate saturations obtained from the STPE velocity model (41.0% maximum) are slightly higher than those calculated with the EMT velocity model (38.5% maximum). Methane analysis from a 69 cm long depressurized core from the hydrate-bearing sediment zone indicates that gas hydrate saturation is about 27.08% of the pore space at 197.5 mbsf. Results from the five methods show similar values and nearly identical trends in gas hydrate saturations above the base of the gas hydrate stability zone at depths of 190 to 221 mbsf. Gas hydrate occurs within units of clayey slit and silt containing abundant calcareous nannofossils and foraminifer, which increase the porosities of the fine-grained sediments and provide space for enhanced gas hydrate formation. In addition, gas chimneys, faults, and fractures identified from three-dimensional (3-D) and high-resolution two-dimensional (2-D) seismic data provide pathways for fluids migrating into the gas hydrate stability zone which transport methane for the formation of gas hydrate. Sedimentation and local canyon migration may contribute to higher gas hydrate saturations near the base of the stability zone.

Gulf of Mexico Gas Hydrate Joint Industry Project Leg II logging-while-drilling data acquisition and analysis

USGS Publications Warehouse

Collett, Timothy S.; Lee, Wyung W.; Zyrianova, Margarita V.; Mrozewski, Stefan A.; Guerin, Gilles; Cook, Ann E.; Goldberg, Dave S.

2012-01-01

One of the objectives of the Gulf of Mexico Gas Hydrate Joint Industry Project Leg II (GOM JIP Leg II) was the collection of a comprehensive suite of logging-while-drilling (LWD) data within gas-hydrate-bearing sand reservoirs in order to make accurate estimates of the concentration of gas hydrates under various geologic conditions and to understand the geologic controls on the occurrence of gas hydrate at each of the sites drilled during this expedition. The LWD sensors just above the drill bit provided important information on the nature of the sediments and the occurrence of gas hydrate. There has been significant advancements in the use of downhole well-logging tools to acquire detailed information on the occurrence of gas hydrate in nature: From using electrical resistivity and acoustic logs to identify gas hydrate occurrences in wells to where wireline and advanced logging-while-drilling tools are routinely used to examine the petrophysical nature of gas hydrate reservoirs and the distribution and concentration of gas hydrates within various complex reservoir systems. Recent integrated sediment coring and well-log studies have confirmed that electrical resistivity and acoustic velocity data can yield accurate gas hydrate saturations in sediment grain supported (isotropic) systems such as sand reservoirs, but more advanced log analysis models are required to characterize gas hydrate in fractured (anisotropic) reservoir systems. In support of the GOM JIP Leg II effort, well-log data montages have been compiled and presented in this report which includes downhole logs obtained from all seven wells drilled during this expedition with a focus on identifying and characterizing the potential gas-hydrate-bearing sedimentary section in each of the wells. Also presented and reviewed in this report are the gas-hydrate saturation and sediment porosity logs for each of the wells as calculated from available downhole well logs.

Artificial neural network modeling and cluster analysis for organic facies and burial history estimation using well log data: A case study of the South Pars Gas Field, Persian Gulf, Iran

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alizadeh, Bahram; Najjari, Saeid; Kadkhodaie-Ilkhchi, Ali

2012-08-01

Intelligent and statistical techniques were used to extract the hidden organic facies from well log responses in the Giant South Pars Gas Field, Persian Gulf, Iran. Kazhdomi Formation of Mid-Cretaceous and Kangan-Dalan Formations of Permo-Triassic Data were used for this purpose. Initially GR, SGR, CGR, THOR, POTA, NPHI and DT logs were applied to model the relationship between wireline logs and Total Organic Carbon (TOC) content using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). The correlation coefficient (R2) between the measured and ANN predicted TOC equals to 89%. The performance of the model is measured by the Mean Squared Error function, which does not exceed 0.0073. Using Cluster Analysis technique and creating a binary hierarchical cluster tree the constructed TOC column of each formation was clustered into 5 organic facies according to their geochemical similarity. Later a second model with the accuracy of 84% was created by ANN to determine the specified clusters (facies) directly from well logs for quick cluster recognition in other wells of the studied field. Each created facies was correlated to its appropriate burial history curve. Hence each and every facies of a formation could be scrutinized separately and directly from its well logs, demonstrating the time and depth of oil or gas generation. Therefore potential production zone of Kazhdomi probable source rock and Kangan- Dalan reservoir formation could be identified while well logging operations (especially in LWD cases) were in progress. This could reduce uncertainty and save plenty of time and cost for oil industries and aid in the successful implementation of exploration and exploitation plans.

Gulf of Mexico Gas Hydrate Joint Industry Project Leg II logging-while-drilling data acquisition and anaylsis

USGS Publications Warehouse

Collett, Timothy S.; Lee, Myung W.; Zyrianova, Margarita V.; Mrozewski, Stefan A.; Guerin, Gilles; Cook, Ann E.; Goldberg, Dave S.

2012-01-01

One of the objectives of the Gulf of MexicoGasHydrateJointIndustryProjectLegII (GOM JIP LegII) was the collection of a comprehensive suite of logging-while-drilling (LWD) data within gas-hydrate-bearing sand reservoirs in order to make accurate estimates of the concentration of gashydrates under various geologic conditions and to understand the geologic controls on the occurrence of gashydrate at each of the sites drilled during this expedition. The LWD sensors just above the drill bit provided important information on the nature of the sediments and the occurrence of gashydrate. There has been significant advancements in the use of downhole well-logging tools to acquire detailed information on the occurrence of gashydrate in nature: From using electrical resistivity and acoustic logs to identify gashydrate occurrences in wells to where wireline and advanced logging-while-drilling tools are routinely used to examine the petrophysical nature of gashydrate reservoirs and the distribution and concentration of gashydrates within various complex reservoir systems. Recent integrated sediment coring and well-log studies have confirmed that electrical resistivity and acoustic velocity data can yield accurate gashydrate saturations in sediment grain supported (isotropic) systems such as sand reservoirs, but more advanced log analysis models are required to characterize gashydrate in fractured (anisotropic) reservoir systems. In support of the GOM JIP LegII effort, well-log data montages have been compiled and presented in this report which includes downhole logs obtained from all seven wells drilled during this expedition with a focus on identifying and characterizing the potential gas-hydrate-bearing sedimentary section in each of the wells. Also presented and reviewed in this report are the gas-hydrate saturation and sediment porosity logs for each of the wells as calculated from available downhole well logs.

Nuclear Tools For Oilfield Logging-While-Drilling Applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Reijonen, Jani

2011-06-01

Schlumberger is an international oilfield service company with nearly 80,000 employees of 140 nationalities, operating globally in 80 countries. As a market leader in oilfield services, Schlumberger has developed a suite of technologies to assess the downhole environment, including, among others, electromagnetic, seismic, chemical, and nuclear measurements. In the past 10 years there has been a radical shift in the oilfield service industry from traditional wireline measurements to logging-while-drilling (LWD) analysis. For LWD measurements, the analysis is performed and the instruments are operated while the borehole is being drilled. The high temperature, high shock, and extreme vibration environment of LWD imposes stringent requirements for the devices used in these applications. This has a significant impact on the design of the components and subcomponents of a downhole tool. Another significant change in the past few years for nuclear-based oilwell logging tools is the desire to replace the sealed radioisotope sources with active, electronic ones. These active radiation sources provide great benefits compared to the isotopic sources, ranging from handling and safety to nonproliferation and well contamination issues. The challenge is to develop electronic generators that have a high degree of reliability for the entire lifetime of a downhole tool. LWD tool testing and operations are highlighted with particular emphasis on electronic radiation sources and nuclear detectors for the downhole environment.

Fallon, Nevada FORGE Lithology Logs and Well 21-31 Drilling Data

DOE Data Explorer

Blankenship, Doug; Hinz, Nicholas; Faulds, James

2018-03-11

This submission includes lithology logs for all Fallon FORGE area wells; determined from core, cuttings, and thin section. Wells included are 84-31, 21-31, 82-36, FOH-3D, 62-36, 18-5, 88-24, 86-25, FOH-2, 14-36, 17-16, 34-33, 35A-11, 51A-20, 62-15, 72-7, 86-15, Carson_Strat_1_36-32, and several others. Lithology logs last updated 3/13/2018 with confirmation well 21-31 data, and revisited existing wells. Also included is well logging data for Fallon FORGE 21-31. Well logging data includes daily reports, well logs (drill rate, lithology, fractures, mud losses, minerals, temperature, gases, and descriptions), mud reports, drilling parameter plots, daily mud loss summaries, survey reports, progress reports, plan view maps (easting, northing), and wireline logs (caliper [with GR], triple combo [GR, caliper, SP, resistivity, array induction, density, photoelectric factor, and neutron porosity], array induction with linear correlation [GR, SP, Array Induction, caliper, conductivity], and monopole compression dipole shear [GR, SP, Caliper, sonic porosity, delta-T compressional, and delta-T shear])

Complete suite of geochemical values computed using wireline logs

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lancaster, J.R.; Atkinson, A.

1996-12-31

Geochemical values of {open_quotes}black shale{close_quotes} source rocks can be computed from a complete suite of wireline log data. The computed values are: Total Organic Carbon (Wt%). S1, S2, S3, Hydrogen Index, Oxygen Index, Atomic H/C and O/C ratios, Genetic Potential (S1+S2), S2/S3, and Transfomation Ratio (S1/(S1+S2)). The results are most reliable when calibrated to laboratory analyses of samples in the study area. However, in the absence of samples, reasonable estimates can be made using calibration data from analogous depositional and thermal environments and/or professional judgement and experience. The evaluations provide answers to critical geochemical questions relative to: (1) Organic Mattermore » Quantity; T.O.C. (Wt%), S1, and S2. (2) Kerogen Types; I, II, and III, based on T.O.C. vs S2 cross plot and the van Krevelen diagram of Atomic O/C vs Atomic H/C ratios. (3) Thermal Maturation levels; Transfomation Ratio can be converted to Level of Organic Metamorphism (LOM), pyrolysis Tmax (degC), Vitrinite Reflectance (Ro), Time Temperature Index (TTI) and others. Various analog plots and cross plots can be prepared for interpretation. Case history examples are shown and discussed. Lowstand fan deposits on Barbados were studied in outcrop to construct a conceptual reservoir model for prediction of facies assemblages.« less

Complete suite of geochemical values computed using wireline logs

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lancaster, J.R.; Atkinson, A.

1996-01-01

Geochemical values of [open quotes]black shale[close quotes] source rocks can be computed from a complete suite of wireline log data. The computed values are: Total Organic Carbon (Wt%). S1, S2, S3, Hydrogen Index, Oxygen Index, Atomic H/C and O/C ratios, Genetic Potential (S1+S2), S2/S3, and Transfomation Ratio (S1/(S1+S2)). The results are most reliable when calibrated to laboratory analyses of samples in the study area. However, in the absence of samples, reasonable estimates can be made using calibration data from analogous depositional and thermal environments and/or professional judgement and experience. The evaluations provide answers to critical geochemical questions relative to: (1)more » Organic Matter Quantity; T.O.C. (Wt%), S1, and S2. (2) Kerogen Types; I, II, and III, based on T.O.C. vs S2 cross plot and the van Krevelen diagram of Atomic O/C vs Atomic H/C ratios. (3) Thermal Maturation levels; Transfomation Ratio can be converted to Level of Organic Metamorphism (LOM), pyrolysis Tmax (degC), Vitrinite Reflectance (Ro), Time Temperature Index (TTI) and others. Various analog plots and cross plots can be prepared for interpretation. Case history examples are shown and discussed. Lowstand fan deposits on Barbados were studied in outcrop to construct a conceptual reservoir model for prediction of facies assemblages.« less

Quantitative characterization and modeling of lithologic heterogeneity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Deshpande, Anil

The fundamental goal of this thesis is to gain a better understanding of the vertical and lateral stratigraphic heterogeneities in sedimentary deposits. Two approaches are taken: Statistical characterization of lithologic variation recorded by geophysical data such as reflection seismic and wireline logs, and stochastic forward modeling of sediment accumulation in basins. Analysis of reflection seismic and wireline log data from Pleistocene fluvial and deltaic deposits in the Eugene Island 330 field, offshore Gulf of Mexico reveal scale-invariant statistics and strong anisotropy in rock properties. Systematic quantification of lateral lithologic heterogeneity within a stratigraphic framework, using reflection seismic data, indicates that fluvial and deltaic depositional systems exhibit statistical behavior related to stratigraphic fabric. Well log and seismic data profiles show a decay in power spectra with wavenumber, k, according to ksp{-beta} with beta between 1 and 2.3. The question of how surface processes are recorded in bed thickness distributions as a function of basin accommodation space is addressed with stochastic sedimentation model. In zones of high accommodation, random, uncorrelated, driving events produce a range of spatially correlated lithology fields. In zones of low accommodation, bed thickness distributions deviate from the random forcing imposed (an exponential thickness distribution). Model results are similar to that of a shallowing upward parasequence recorded in 15 meters of offshore Gulf of Mexico Pleistocene core. These data record a deviation from exponentially distributed bed thicknesses from the deeper water part of the cycle to the shallow part of the cycle where bed amalgamation dominates. Finally, a stochastic basin-fill model is used to explore the primary controls on stratigraphic architecture of turbidite channel-fill in the South Timbalier 295 field, offshore Louisiana Gulf Coast. Spatial and temporal changes in topography and subsidence rate are shown to be the main controls on turbidite channel stacking pattern within this basin. The model predicts the deposition of thick, amalgamated turbidite channel sands in the basin during a period of high initial subsidence followed by deposition of thinner, less connected sands when basin subsidence rate and accommodation space are low.

Generating porosity spectrum of carbonate reservoirs using ultrasonic imaging log

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Jie; Nie, Xin; Xiao, Suyun; Zhang, Chong; Zhang, Chaomo; Zhang, Zhansong

2018-03-01

Imaging logging tools can provide us the borehole wall image. The micro-resistivity imaging logging has been used to obtain borehole porosity spectrum. However, the resistivity imaging logging cannot cover the whole borehole wall. In this paper, we propose a method to calculate the porosity spectrum using ultrasonic imaging logging data. Based on the amplitude attenuation equation, we analyze the factors affecting the propagation of wave in drilling fluid and formation and based on the bulk-volume rock model, Wyllie equation and Raymer equation, we establish various conversion models between the reflection coefficient β and porosity ϕ. Then we use the ultrasonic imaging logging and conventional wireline logging data to calculate the near-borehole formation porosity distribution spectrum. The porosity spectrum result obtained from ultrasonic imaging data is compared with the one from the micro-resistivity imaging data, and they turn out to be similar, but with discrepancy, which is caused by the borehole coverage and data input difference. We separate the porosity types by performing threshold value segmentation and generate porosity-depth distribution curves by counting with equal depth spacing on the porosity image. The practice result is good and reveals the efficiency of our method.

Impact of Micro-to Meso-scale Fractures on Sealing Behavior of Argillaceous Cap Rocks For CO 2 Sequestration

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Evans, James

This multi-disciplinary project evaluated seal lithologies for the safety and security of long-term geosequestration of CO 2. We used integrated studies to provide qualitative risk for potential seal failure; we integrated data sets from outcrop, core, geochemical analysis, rock failure properties from mechanical testing, geophysical wireline log analysis, and geomechanical modeling to understand the effects of lithologic heterogeneity and changing mechanical properties have on the mechanical properties of the seal. The objectives of this study were to characterize cap rock seals using natural field analogs, available drillhole logging data and whole-rock core, geochemical and isotopic analyses. Rock deformation experiments weremore » carried out on collected samples to develop better models of risk estimation for potential cap rock seal failure. We also sampled variably faulted and fractured cap rocks to examine the impacts of mineralization and/or alteration on the mechanical properties. We compared CO 2 reacted systems to non-CO 2 reacted seal rock types to determine response of each to increased pore fluid pressures and potential for the creation of unintentional hydrofractures at depth.« less

Architecture and sedimentology of turbidite reservoirs from Miocene Moco T and Webster zones, Midway-Sunset field, California

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Link, M.H.; Hall, B.R.

1989-03-01

Thirty-five turbidite sandstone bodies from the Moco T and Webster reservoir zones were delineated for enhanced oil recovery projects in Mobil's MOCO FEE property, south Midway-Sunset field. The recognition of these sand bodies is based on mappable geometries determined from wireline log correlations, log character, core facies, reservoir characteristics, and comparison to nearby age-equivalent outcrops. These turbidite sands are composed of unconsolidated arkosic late Miocene sandstones (Stevens equivalent, Monterey Formation). They were deposited normal to paleoslope and trend southwest-northeast in an intraslope basin. Reservoir quality in the sandstone is very good, with average porosities of 33% and permeabilities of 1more » darcy.« less

The Frio Brine Pilot Experiment Managing CO2 Sequestration in a Brine Formation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sakurai, S.

2005-12-01

Funded by the U.S. Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory, the Frio Brine Pilot Experiment was begun in 2002. The increase in greenhouse gas emissions, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), is thought to be a major cause of climate change. Sequestration of CO2 in saline aquifers below and separate from fresh water is considered a promising method of reducing CO2 emissions. The objectives of the experiment are to (1) demonstrate CO2 can be injected into a brine formation safely; (2) measure subsurface distribution of injected CO2; (3) test the validity of conceptual, hydrologic, and geochemical models, and (4) develop experience necessary for larger scale CO2 injection experiments. The Bureau of Economic Geology (BEG) is the leading institution on the project and is collaborating with many national laboratories and private institutes. BEG reviewed many saline formations in the US to identify candidates for CO2 storage. The Frio Formation was selected as a target that could serve a large part of the Gulf Coast and site was selected for a brine storage pilot experiment in the South Liberty field, Dayton, Texas. Most wells were drilled in the 1950's, and the fluvial sandstone of the upper Frio Formation in the Oligocene is our target, at a depth of 5,000 ft. An existing well was used as the observation well. A new injection well was drilled 100 ft away, and 30 ft downdip from the observation well. Conventional cores were cut, and analysis indicated 32 to 35 percent porosity and 2,500 md permeability. Detailed core description was valuable as better characterization resulted in design improvements. A bed bisecting the interval originally thought to be a significant barrier to flow is a sandy siltstone having a permeability of about 100 md. As a result, the upper part of the sandstone was perforated. Because of changes in porosity, permeability, and the perforation zone, input for the simulation model was updated and the model was rerun to estimate timing of CO2 breakthrough and saturation changes. A pulsed neutron tool was selected as the primary wireline log for monitoring saturation changes, because of high formation water salinity, along with high porosity. Baseline logs were recorded as preinjection values. We started injection of CO2 on October 4, 2004, and injected 1,600 tons of CO2 for 10 days. Breakthrough of CO2 to the observation well was observed on the third day by geochemical measurement of recovered fluids, including gas analysis and decreased pH value. Multiple capture logs were run to monitor saturation changes. The first log run after CO2 breakthrough on the fourth day showed a significant decrease in sigma was recorded within the upper part of the porous section (6 ft) correlative with the injection interval. Postinjection logs were compared with baseline logs to determine CO2 distribution as CO2 migrated away from the injection point. The dipole acoustic tool was used to estimate saturation changes to improve geophysical data interpretation using VSP and crosswell tomography. Compared with the baseline log, wireline sonic log made 3 months later showed a weak and slower arrival of compressional wave over the perforated interval. Results from crosswell tomography data also showed changes in compressional velocity. Successful measurement of plume evolution documents an effective method to monitor CO2 in reservoirs and document migration.

Elevated gas hydrate saturation within silt and silty clay sediments in the Shenhu area, South China Sea

USGS Publications Warehouse

Wang, X.; Hutchinson, D.R.; Wu, S.; Yang, S.; Guo, Y.

2011-01-01

Gas hydrate saturations were estimated using five different methods in silt and silty clay foraminiferous sediments from drill hole SH2 in the South China Sea. Gas hydrate saturations derived from observed pore water chloride values in core samples range from 10 to 45% of the pore space at 190-221 m below seafloor (mbsf). Gas hydrate saturations estimated from resistivity (Rt) using wireline logging results are similar and range from 10 to 40.5% in the pore space. Gas hydrate saturations were also estimated by P wave velocity obtained during wireline logging by using a simplified three-phase equation (STPE) and effective medium theory (EMT) models. Gas hydrate saturations obtained from the STPE velocity model (41.0% maximum) are slightly higher than those calculated with the EMT velocity model (38.5% maximum). Methane analysis from a 69 cm long depressurized core from the hydrate-bearing sediment zone indicates that gas hydrate saturation is about 27.08% of the pore space at 197.5 mbsf. Results from the five methods show similar values and nearly identical trends in gas hydrate saturations above the base of the gas hydrate stability zone at depths of 190 to 221 mbsf. Gas hydrate occurs within units of clayey slit and silt containing abundant calcareous nannofossils and foraminifer, which increase the porosities of the fine-grained sediments and provide space for enhanced gas hydrate formation. In addition, gas chimneys, faults, and fractures identified from three-dimensional (3-D) and high-resolution two-dimensional (2-D) seismic data provide pathways for fluids migrating into the gas hydrate stability zone which transport methane for the formation of gas hydrate. Sedimentation and local canyon migration may contribute to higher gas hydrate saturations near the base of the stability zone. Copyright 2011 by the American Geophysical Union.

Analysis of Critical Permeabilty, Capillary Pressure and Electrical Properties for Mesaverde Tight Gas Sandstones from Western U.S. Basins

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Alan Byrnes; Robert Cluff; John Webb

2008-06-30

Although prediction of future natural gas supply is complicated by uncertainty in such variables as demand, liquefied natural gas supply price and availability, coalbed methane and gas shale development rate, and pipeline availability, all U.S. Energy Information Administration gas supply estimates to date have predicted that Unconventional gas sources will be the dominant source of U.S. natural gas supply for at least the next two decades (Fig. 1.1; the period of estimation). Among the Unconventional gas supply sources, Tight Gas Sandstones (TGS) will represent 50-70% of the Unconventional gas supply in this time period (Fig. 1.2). Rocky Mountain TGS aremore » estimated to be approximately 70% of the total TGS resource base (USEIA, 2005) and the Mesaverde Group (Mesaverde) sandstones represent the principal gas productive sandstone unit in the largest Western U.S. TGS basins including the basins that are the focus of this study (Washakie, Uinta, Piceance, northern Greater Green River, Wind River, Powder River). Industry assessment of the regional gas resource, projection of future gas supply, and exploration programs require an understanding of reservoir properties and accurate tools for formation evaluation. The goal of this study is to provide petrophysical formation evaluation tools related to relative permeability, capillary pressure, electrical properties and algorithms for wireline log analysis. Detailed and accurate moveable gas-in-place resource assessment is most critical in marginal gas plays and there is need for quantitative tools for definition of limits on gas producibility due to technology and rock physics and for defining water saturation. The results of this study address fundamental questions concerning: (1) gas storage; (2) gas flow; (3) capillary pressure; (4) electrical properties; (5) facies and upscaling issues; (6) wireline log interpretation algorithms; and (7) providing a web-accessible database of advanced rock properties. The following text briefly discusses the nature of these questions. Section I.2 briefly discusses the objective of the study with respect to the problems reviewed.« less

Hydraulic Properties of Diatomaceous Structure on Physical Properties and Wire-line Logging - An example of off Sanriku, North Japan -

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ojima, T.; Saito, S.

2013-12-01

During Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg. 186, two sites (Site 1150 and Site 1151) were drilled on the continental slope of the deep-sea forearc basin of northern Japan. Diatomaceous sediments were recovered Site 1150 (39° 10.9' N, 143° 19.9' E) and Site 1151 (38° 45.1' N, 143° 20.0' E), and the depth of each site is 1181.60 mbsf and 1113.60 mbsf, respectively. This area is under the influence of the Oyashio current and is one of the highly bio-productive regions of the North Pacific Ocean (Motoyama et al., 2004). The combination of high productivity and active tectonic deformation that often caused high rate accumulating of fossil and organic rich sediments. The onboard results of porosity measurements show high value (50-70 %) down to 1000 mbsf, and obviously higher than nearby subduction trench, Nankai Trough (Taylor and Fisher, 1993). There is a possibility that diatomaceous shell keep a frame structure from effective stress and load pressure. On another drilling site result, DSDP (Deep Sea Drilling Project) Leg. 19 located 60 km to the north of ODP sites, was reported high value of porosity, but recognized only shallow range (>500 mbsf) (Shephard and Bryant, 1980). We focused on the relationships between physical property, microstructure, and logging data at deep range(~1000 mbsf). We picked 14 samples to observe microstructure using SEM and measure permeability using flow-ump approach (1.5-4.5 MPa). Logging data were collected using wireline logging (Sacks and Suyehiro, 2003). Based on these results, it is expected that microstructure and logging can be integrated into a general model of core-log correlation. We observed many pores in and around diatom fossils using SEM even in the sample from deeper than 1000 mbsf, and measured pore size distribution and permeability at each depth. Generally, porosity decreases by effective stress and load pressure, and permeability also decrease with down hole. In this site, we recognized down hole decreases of pore space and preservations of diatom shell by using SEM. However, measured permeability displayed subtle patterns in downhole. These results can be considered that intact diatom shells don't always contribute to permeability, while fractured fabrics play good correlation with consolidation. Furthermore, correlations between water content ratio, permeability, and ithostratigraphic variance can be considered as a good index for hydraulic sedimental conditions. In this presentation, We show results of data integration of lithostratigraphy, measurements values, logging data, and physical properties.

New LWD tools are just in time to probe for baby elephants

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ghiselin, D.

Development of sophisticated formation evaluation instrumentation for use while drilling has led to a stratification of while-drilling services. Measurements while drilling (MWD) comprises measurements of mechanical parameters like weight-on-bit, mud pressures, torque, vibration, hole angle and direction. Logging while drilling (LWD) describes resistivity, sonic, and radiation logging which rival wireline measurements in accuracy. A critical feature of LWD is the rate that data can be telemetered to the surface. Early tools could only transmit 3 bits per second one way. In the last decade, the data rate has more than tripled. Despite these improvements, LWD tools have the ability tomore » make many more measurements than can be telemetered in real-time. The paper discusses the development of this technology and its applications.« less

A continuous structural characterisation of Atlantis Massif using an integrated analysis of oriented downhole imagery and logging data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pressling, Nicola; Morris, Antony; John, Barbara; MacLeod, Christopher

2010-05-01

Continuous wireline logging data are invaluable when less than 100% of drilled core material is recovered. The data provide information on missing units, record the true depth of features and uniquely constrain spatial orientation. Only by fully integrating continuous, oriented logging data and discrete, finer-scale core data can we develop a complete structural interpretation for drill holes that is not limited by sampling bias. Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 304/305 sampled the Atlantis Massif oceanic core complex at the intersection between the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the Atlantis Transform fault at 30°N. Hole U1309D penetrated 1415.5m into the central dome of the massif, which exposes the corrugated detachment fault surface denuding the lower crust and upper mantle. The recovered section is dominated by gabbro compositions that are complexly faulted and layered on a variety of scales, reflecting the complicated interplay between magmatic and tectonic processes controlling the formation, evolution and deformation of oceanic crust at slow-spreading ridges. The average core recovery at Atlantis Massif was 74%. Therefore, to augment and constrain structural interpretations based on limited core material, we used the Formation MicroScanner (FMS) wireline logging tool that measures microresistivity contrasts in the immediate vicinity of the borehole wall formation. The data are presented as an unwrapped image of the borehole cylinder, and inclined planar structural features that intersect the borehole, such as faults or veins, are shown as darker (more conductive) sinusoidal traces. The true dip and azimuth of these features can be calculated directly due to the inclusion of an accelerometer and magnetometer on the toolstring, which record the position and spatial orientation (with respect to magnetic north) of the tool within the borehole, respectively. 4324 distinct structural features have been identified in the FMS images between 97 and 1415mbsf (metres below sea floor). Distinctly different structural trends are seen across the five sub-units that are based on petrological and geochemical observations of the recovered core. In addition, variations in the borehole dimensions are used to define 115 zones of borehole breakout, with a cumulative extent of 434.76m (31% of the total drilled). Such regions often correspond to areas of poor recovery and are consequently poorly characterised using core samples. The extensive FMS-based structural database allows the variation in fracture networks and areas of weakness to be quantified at a high-resolution, leading to improved understanding of the hydrothermal fluid flow and melt pathways in the footwall section.

Fishing tool retrieves MWD nuclear source from deep well

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

A new wire line tool has successfully retrieved the nuclear sources and formation data from a measurement-while-drilling (MWD) tool stuck in a deep, highly deviated well in the Gulf of Mexico. On Nov. 8, 1993, Schlumberger Wireline and Testing and Anadrill ran a logging-while-drilling inductive coupling (LINC) tool on conventional wire line to fish the gamma ray and neutron sources from a compensated density neutron (CDN) tool stuck in a well at 19,855 ft with an inclination greater than 80[degree]. The paper briefly describes the operation and equipment.

A composite lithology log while drilling

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tannenbaum, E.; Sutcliffe, B.; Franks, A.

A new method for producing a computerized composite lithology log (CLL) while drilling by integrating MWD (measurement while drilling) and surface data is described. At present, lithology logs are produced at the well site by mud loggers. They provide basic description and relative amounts of lithologies. Major difficulties are encountered in relating the cuttings to their original formations due to mixing in the drilling mud while transporting to the surface, sloughing shales, flawed sampling, etc. This results in a poor control on the stratigraphic sequence and on the depth of formation boundaries. A composite log can be produced after drillingmore » this additional inputs such as wireline, petrography, and paleontology. This process is labor intensive and expensive. The CLL integrates three types of data (MWD mechanical, MWD geophysical, and surface cuttings) acquired during drilling, in three time stages: (1) Real Time. MWD drilling mechanical data including the rate of penetration and the downhole torque. This stage would provide bed boundaries and some inferred lithology. This would assist the driller with immediate drilling decisions and determine formation tops for coring, casing point, and correlation. (2) MWD Time. Recomputation of the above by adding MWD geophysical data (gamma-ray, resistivity, neutron-density). This stage would upgrade the lithology inference, and give higher resolution to bed boundaries, (3) Lag Time. Detailed analysis of surface cuttings to confirm the inferred lithologies. This last input results in a high-quality CLL with accurate lithologies and bed boundaries.« less

Gas hydrate distribution identified from wireline logging data and seismic data in the Pearl River Mouth Basin,northern slope of South China Sea

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, X.; Wu, S.; Yang, S.

2012-12-01

Wireline logging data acquired during China's first gas hydrate drilling expedition (GMGS-1) in April-June of 2007 and seismic data indicate the occurrences of gas hydrate above the base of gas hydrate stability (BGHS). Bottom simulating reflectors (BSRs) are widespread in the drilling zone, predominantly occurring beneath the ridges of migrating submarine canyons. Higher P-wave velocities and higher resistivity above BGHS at sites SH3, SH2 and SH7 indicate the presence of gas hydrate in the thickness range from 10 to 25 meters below seafloor. However, the measured compressional (P-wave) velocities at site SH3 show there are three abnormal P-wave velocities zones above the BGHS, which are lower than those of water-saturated sediments, indicating the presence of free gas in the pore space. The P-wave velocities drop as low as 1.0 m/s at the depth of 125 m. While the recovered core at 100 bars degassed show that methane was under unsaturated. Below the BSR, seismic data show enhanced reflections and the P-impedances have lower values, which inferred these reflections to be caused by free gas. To determine whether the low well-log P-wave velocity is caused by in-situ gas, synthetic seismograms were generated using the measured well-log P-wave velocity and calculated assuming water-saturated in the pore space. Comparing the surface seismic data with synthetic seismograms suggests that low P-wave velocities are likely caused by migrating gas due to borehole drilling. Three dimensional (3D) multi-channel seismic (MCS) data, inverted P-wave velocity, and RMS amplitude are used to study the detailed distribution and occurrences of the BSR and associated with the migration of gas in this basin. Three types of BSR and amplitude anomalies zones are identified from 3D seismic data. Gas hydrate in this basin are linked to and associated with gas accumulation below gas hydrate stability zone, which has a closerelationship with focused fluid flow features such as gas chimneys, faults, diapir, pipe.

47 CFR 11.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... television stations, and wired and wireless cable television systems, DBS, DTV, SDARS, digital cable and DAB, and wireline video systems. (d) Wireline Video System. The system of a wireline common carrier used to provide video programming service. (e) Participating National (PN). PN stations are broadcast stations...

47 CFR 68.106 - Notification to provider of wireline telecommunications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Notification to provider of wireline telecommunications. 68.106 Section 68.106 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON... of Terminal Equipment § 68.106 Notification to provider of wireline telecommunications. (a) General...

47 CFR 68.106 - Notification to provider of wireline telecommunications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Notification to provider of wireline telecommunications. 68.106 Section 68.106 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON... of Terminal Equipment § 68.106 Notification to provider of wireline telecommunications. (a) General...

47 CFR 68.106 - Notification to provider of wireline telecommunications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Notification to provider of wireline telecommunications. 68.106 Section 68.106 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON... of Terminal Equipment § 68.106 Notification to provider of wireline telecommunications. (a) General...

47 CFR 68.106 - Notification to provider of wireline telecommunications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Notification to provider of wireline telecommunications. 68.106 Section 68.106 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON... of Terminal Equipment § 68.106 Notification to provider of wireline telecommunications. (a) General...

47 CFR 68.106 - Notification to provider of wireline telecommunications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Notification to provider of wireline telecommunications. 68.106 Section 68.106 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON... of Terminal Equipment § 68.106 Notification to provider of wireline telecommunications. (a) General...

Geological controls on the occurrence of gas hydrate from core, downhole log, and seismic data in the Shenhu area, South China Sea

USGS Publications Warehouse

Xiujuan Wang,; ,; Collett, Timothy S.; Lee, Myung W.; Yang, Shengxiong; Guo, Yiqun; Wu, Shiguo

2014-01-01

Multi-channel seismic reflection data, well logs, and recovered sediment cores have been used in this study to characterize the geologic controls on the occurrence of gas hydrate in the Shenhu area of the South China Sea. The concept of the "gas hydrate petroleum system" has allowed for the systematic analysis of the impact of gas source, geologic controls on gas migration, and the role of the host sediment in the formation and stability of gas hydrates as encountered during the 2007 Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey Gas Hydrate Expedition (GMGS-1) in the Shenhu area. Analysis of seismic and bathymetric data identified seventeen sub-linear, near-parallel submarine canyons in this area. These canyons, formed in the Miocene, migrated in a northeasterly direction, and resulted in the burial and abandonment of canyons partially filled by coarse-grained sediments. Downhole wireline log (DWL) data were acquired from eight drill sites and sediment coring was conducted at five of these sites, which revealed the presence of suitable reservoirs for the occurrence of concentrated gas hydrate accumulations. Gas hydrate-bearing sediment layers were identified from well log and core data at three sites mainly within silt and silt clay sediments. Gas hydrate was also discovered in a sand reservoir at one site as inferred from the analysis of the DWL data. Seismic anomalies attributed to the presence of gas below the base of gas hydrate stability zone, provided direct evidence for the migration of gas into the overlying gas hydrate-bearing sedimentary sections. Geochemical analyses of gas samples collected from cores confirmed that the occurrence of gas hydrate in the Shenhu area is controlled by the presence thermogenic methane gas that has migrated into the gas hydrate stability zone from a more deeply buried source.

Sampling system and method

DOEpatents

Decker, David L; Lyles, Brad F; Purcell, Richard G; Hershey, Ronald Lee

2014-05-20

An apparatus and method for supporting a tubing bundle during installation or removal. The apparatus includes a clamp for securing the tubing bundle to an external wireline. The method includes deploying the tubing bundle and wireline together, The tubing bundle is periodically secured to the wireline using a clamp.

Electrical Properties of the Hanging Wall of the Alpine Fault, New Zealand, from DFDP-2 Wireline Data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Remaud, L.; Doan, M. L.; Pezard, P. A.; Celerier, B. P.; Townend, J.; Sutherland, R.; Toy, V.

2015-12-01

The DFDP-2B borehole drilled at Whataroa, New Zealand, provides a first-hand rare opportunity to investigate the damage pattern next to a major active fault. It was drilled along more than 893 m (820 m TVD) within hanging-wall protomylonites and mylonites. The interval between 264 m and 886 m (measured depth) was intensively investigated by wireline logging. Notably, electrical laterolog data were recorded over almost 3 km of cumulative logs, providing a homogeneous, uniformly sampled recording of the electrical properties of the borehole wall. The laterolog tool measures resistivity with two different electrode configurations, and hence achieves two different depths of penetration. Numerical simulations of the tool's response show that the true resistivity of the rock is close to the deep resistivity measurement, which in DFDP-2 varies between 300 Ω.m and 700 Ω.m. The shallow resistivity is about 75% of this value, as it is more sensitive to the presence of conductive borehole fluid. However, the large borehole diameter (averaging 8.5 inch = or 21.59 cm) only partially explains this value. The strong anisotropy suggested by laboratory measurements on outcrop samples also contributes to the separation between deep and shallow resistivity. The shallow and deep resistivities exhibit many significant drops that are coincident with the presence of fractures detected in borehole televiewer data. More than 700 electrical anomalies have been manually picked. The major ones are correlated with attenuation of the sonic data and sometimes with anomalies in fluid conductivity (temperature and conductivity). Their frequency gradually increases with depth, reaching a plateau below 700 m. This increase with depth may be related to closer proximity to the Alpine Fault.

78 FR 17624 - Wireline Competition Bureau Adds New Discussion Topic To Connect America Cost Model Virtual Workshop

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-22

... FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION 47 CFR Part 54 [WC Docket No. 10-90; DA 13-311] Wireline... Communications Commission. ACTION: Proposed rule. SUMMARY: In this document, the Wireline Competition Bureau adds... . Follow the instructions for submitting comments. [ssquf] Federal Communications Commission's Web Site...

78 FR 23192 - Wireline Competition Bureau Adds New Discussion Topic to Connect America Cost Model Virtual Workshop

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-18

... FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION 47 CFR Part 54 [WC Docket No. 10-90; DA 13-704] Wireline... Communications Commission. ACTION: Proposed rule. SUMMARY: In this document, the Wireline Competition Bureau adds...://www.regulations.gov . Follow the instructions for submitting comments. [ssquf] Federal Communications...

78 FR 68061 - Wireline Competition Bureau Seeks Comment on the Lifeline Biennial Audit Plan

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-13

... Bureau), in conjunction with the Office of Managing Director (OMD), seeks to develop standard procedures..., directed the Wireline Competition Bureau (WCB), in conjunction with the Office of Managing Director (OMD... 5. The Wireline Competition Bureau (Bureau), in conjunction with the Office of Managing Director...

Geologic implications of gas hydrates in the offshore of India: results of the National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition 01

USGS Publications Warehouse

Collett, Timothy S.; Boswell, Ray; Cochran, J.R.; Kumar, Pushpendra; Lall, Malcolm; Mazumdar, Aninda; Ramana, Mangipudi Venkata; Ramprasad, Tammisetti; Riedel, Michael; Sain, Kalachand; Sathe, Arun Vasant; Vishwanath, Krishna

2014-01-01

One of the specific objectives of this expedition was to test gas hydrate formation models and constrain model parameters, especially those that account for the formation of concentrated gas hydrate accumulations. The necessary data for characterizing the occurrence of in situ gas hydrate, such as interstitial water chlorinities, core-derived gas chemistry, physical and sedimentological properties, thermal images of the recovered cores, and downhole measured logging data (LWD and/or conventional wireline log data), were obtained from most of the drill sites established during NGHP-01. Almost all of the drill sites yielded evidence for the occurrence of gas hydrate; however, the inferred in situ concentration of gas hydrate varied substantially from site to site. For the most part, the interpretation of downhole logging data, core thermal images, interstitial water analyses, and pressure core images from the sites drilled during NGHP-01 indicate that the occurrence of concentrated gas hydrate is mostly associated with the presence of fractures in the sediments, and in some limited cases, by coarser grained (mostly sand-rich) sediments.

Lacustrine Environment Reservoir Properties on Sandstone Minerals and Hydrocarbon Content: A Case Study on Doba Basin, Southern Chad

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sumery, N. F. Mohd; Lo, S. Z.; Salim, A. M. A.

2017-10-01

The contribution of lacustrine environment as the hydrocarbon reservoir has been widely known. However, despite its growing importance, the lacustrine petroleum geology has received far less attention than marine due to its sedimentological complexity. This study therefore aims in developing an understanding of the unique aspects of lacustrine reservoirs which eventually impacts the future exploration decisions. Hydrocarbon production in Doba Basin, particularly the northern boundary, for instance, has not yet succeeded due to the unawareness of its depositional environment. The drilling results show that the problems were due to the: radioactive sand and waxy oil/formation damage, which all are related to the lacustrine depositional environment. Detailed study of geological and petrophysical integration on wireline logs and petrographic thin sections analysis of this environment helps in distinguishing reservoir and non-reservoir areas and determining the possible mechanism causing the failed DST results. The interpretations show that the correlation of all types> of logs and rho matrix analysis are capable in identifying sand and shale bed despite of the radioactive sand present. The failure of DST results were due to the presence of arkose in sand and waxy oil in reservoir bed. This had been confirmed by the petrographic thin section analysis where the arkose has mineral twinning effect indicate feldspar and waxy oil showing bright colour under fluorescent light. Understanding these special lacustrine environment characteristics and features will lead to a better interpretation of hydrocarbon prospectivity for future exploration.

78 FR 38265 - Wireline Competition Bureau Adds Two New Discussion Topics to Connect America Cost Model Virtual...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-26

... information from parties that post material in the virtual workshop will be publicly available for inspection... FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION 47 CFR Part 54 [WC Docket No. 10-90; DA 13-1396] Wireline...: Federal Communications Commission. ACTION: Proposed rule. SUMMARY: In this document, the Wireline...

Heterogeneity of fluvial-deltaic reservoirs in the Appalachian basin: A case study from a Lower Mississippian oil field in central West Virginia

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hohn, M.E.; McDowell, R.R.; Matchen, D.L.

1997-06-01

Since discovery in 1924, Granny Creek field in central West Virginia has experienced several periods of renewed drilling for oil in a fluvial-deltaic sandstone in the Lower Mississippian Price Formation. Depositional and diagenetic features leading to reservoir heterogeneity include highly variable grain size, thin shale and siltstone beds, and zones containing large quantities of calcite, siderite, or quartz cement. Electrofacies defined through cluster analysis of wireline log responses corresponded approximately to facies observed in core. Three-dimensional models of porosity computed from density logs showed that zones of relatively high porosity were discontinuous across the field. The regression of core permeabilitymore » on core porosity is statistically significant, and differs for each electrofacies. Zones of high permeability estimated from porosity and electrofacies tend to be discontinuous and aligned roughly north-south. Cumulative oil production varies considerably between adjacent wells, and corresponds very poorly with trends in porosity and permeability. Original oil in place, estimated for each well from reservoir thickness, porosity, water saturation, and an assumed value for drainage radius, is highly variable in the southern part of the field, which is characterized by relatively complex interfingering of electrofacies and similar variability in porosity and permeability.« less

Downhole measurements in the AND-1B borehole, ANDRILL McMurdo Ice Shelf Project, Antarctica

USGS Publications Warehouse

Morin, R.; Williams, T.; Henrys, S.; Crosby, T.; Hansaraj, D.

2007-01-01

A comprehensive set of downhole measurements was collected in the AND-1B drillhole as part of the on-ice scientific programme defined for the McMurdo Ice Shelf (MIS) Project. Geophysical logs were recorded over two operation phases and consisted of calliper, temperature, fluid conductivity, induction resistivity, magnetic susceptibility, natural gamma activity, acoustic televiewer, borehole deviation, and dipmeter. In addition, two standard vertical seismic profiles (VSP) and one walk-away VSP were obtained. Radioactive logs (porosity and density) were not run because of unstable borehole conditions. Although the total depth of the hole is 1285 metres below seafloor (mbsf), the depth range for in situ measurements was limited by the length of the wireline (1018 mbsf) and by the nullification of some geophysical logs due to the presence of steel casing. A depth correction was derived to account for systematic discrepancies in depth between downhole measurements and cores; consequently, log responses can be directly compared to core properties. The resulting data are amenable to studies of cyclicity and climate, heat flux and fluid flow, and stricture and stress. When integrated with physical properties and fractures measured on the core, this information should play a significant role in addressing many of the scientific objectives of the ANDRILL programme.

Gas hydrate identified in sand-rich inferred sedimentary section using downhole logging and seismic data in Shenhu area, South China Sea

USGS Publications Warehouse

Wang, Xiujuan; Lee, Myung W.; Collett, Timothy S.; Yang, Shengxiong; Guo, Yiqun; Wu, Shiguo

2014-01-01

Downhole wireline log (DWL) data was acquired from eight drill sites during China's first gas hydrate drilling expedition (GMGS-1) in 2007. Initial analyses of the acquired well log data suggested that there were no significant gas hydrate occurrences at Site SH4. However, the re-examination of the DWL data from Site SH4 indicated that there are two intervals of high resistivity, which could be indicative of gas hydrate. One interval of high resistivity at depth of 171–175 m below seafloor (mbsf) is associated with a high compressional- wave (P-wave) velocities and low gamma ray log values, which suggests the presence of gas hydrate in a potentially sand-rich (low clay content) sedimentary section. The second high resistivity interval at depth of 175–180 mbsf is associated with low P-wave velocities and low gamma values, which suggests the presence of free gas in a potentially sand-rich (low clay content) sedimentary section. Because the occurrence of free gas is much shallower than the expected from the regional depth of the bottom simulating reflector (BSR), the free gas could be from the dissociation of gas hydrate during drilling or there may be a local anomaly in the depth to the base of the gas hydrate stability zone. In order to determine whether the low P-wave velocity with high resistivity is caused by in-situ free gas or dissociated free gas from the gas hydrate, the surface seismic data were also used in this analysis. The log analysis incorporating the surface seismic data through the construction of synthetic seismograms using various models indicated the presence of free gas directly in contact with an overlying gas hydrate-bearing section. The occurrence of the anomalous base of gas hydrate stability at Site SH4 could be caused by a local heat flow conditions. This paper documents the first observation of gas hydrate in what is believed to be a sand-rich sediment in Shenhu area of the South China Sea.

Invasion of drilling mud into gas-hydrate-bearing sediments. Part I: effect of drilling mud properties

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ning, Fulong; Zhang, Keni; Wu, Nengyou; Zhang, Ling; Li, Gang; Jiang, Guosheng; Yu, Yibing; Liu, Li; Qin, Yinghong

2013-06-01

To our knowledge, this study is the first to perform a numerical simulation and analysis of the dynamic behaviour of drilling mud invasion into oceanic gas-hydrate-bearing sediment (GHBS) and to consider the effects of such an invasion on borehole stability and the reliability of well logging. As a case study, the simulation background sets up the conditions of mud temperature over hydrate equilibrium temperature and overbalanced drilling, considering the first Chinese expedition to drill gas hydrate (GMGS-1). The results show that dissociating gas may form secondary hydrates in the sediment around borehole by the combined effects of increased pore pressure (caused by mud invasion and flow resistance), endothermic cooling that accompanies hydrate dissociation compounded by the Joule-Thompson effect and the lagged effect of heat transfer in sediments. The secondary hydrate ring around the borehole may be more highly saturated than the in situ sediment. Mud invasion in GHBS is a dynamic process of thermal, fluid (mud invasion), chemical (hydrate dissociation and reformation) and mechanical couplings. All of these factors interact and influence the pore pressure, flow ability, saturation of fluid and hydrates, mechanical parameters and electrical properties of sediments around the borehole, thereby having a strong effect on borehole stability and the results of well logging. The effect is particularly clear in the borehole SH7 of GMGS-1 project. The borehole collapse and resistivity distortion were observed during practical drilling and wireline logging operations in borehole SH7 of the GMGS-1.mud density (i.e. the corresponding borehole pressure), temperature and salinity have a marked influence on the dynamics of mud invasion and on hydrate stability. Therefore, perhaps well-logging distortion caused by mud invasion, hydrate dissociation and reformation should be considered for identifying and evaluating gas hydrate reservoirs. And some suitable drilling measurements need to be adopted to reduce the risk of well-logging distortion and borehole instability.

Quantitative Analysis of Thermal Anomalies in the DFDP-2B Borehole, New Zealand

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Janků-Čápová, Lucie; Sutherland, Rupert; Townend, John

2017-04-01

The DFDP-2B borehole, which was drilled in the Whataroa Valley, South Island, New Zealand in late 2014, provides a unique opportunity to study the conditions in the hanging wall of a plate boundary fault, the Alpine Fault, which is late in its seismic cycle. High geothermal gradient of > 125°C/km encountered in the borehole drew attention to the thermal structure of the valley, as well as of the Alpine Fault's hanging wall as a whole. A detailed analysis of temperature logs measured during drilling of the DFDP-2B borehole, reveals two distinct portions of the signal containing information on different processes. The long-wavelength portion of the temperature signal, i.e. the overall trend (hundreds of metres), reflects the response of the rock environment to the disturbance caused by drilling and permits an estimation of the thermal diffusivity of the rock based on the rate of temperature recovery. The short-wavelength (tens of metres to tens of centimetres) signal represents the local anomalies caused by lithological variations or, more importantly, by fluid flow into or out of the borehole along fractures. By analysing these distinct features, we can identify anomalous zones that manifest in other wireline data (resistivity, BHTV) and are likely attributable to permeable fractures. Here we present a novel method of quantitative analysis of the short-wavelength temperature anomalies. This method provides a precise and objective way to determine the position, width and amplitude of temperature anomalies and facilitates the interpretation of temperature logs, which is of a particular importance in estimation of flow in a fractured aquifer.

Gas hydrate saturations estimated from fractured reservoir at Site NGHP-01-10, Krishna-Godavari Basin, India

USGS Publications Warehouse

Lee, M.W.; Collett, T.S.

2009-01-01

During the Indian National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition 01 (NGHP-Ol), one of the richest marine gas hydrate accumulations was discovered at Site NGHP-01-10 in the Krishna-Godavari Basin. The occurrence of concentrated gas hydrate at this site is primarily controlled by the presence of fractures. Assuming the resistivity of gas hydratebearing sediments is isotropic, th?? conventional Archie analysis using the logging while drilling resistivity log yields gas hydrate saturations greater than 50% (as high as ???80%) of the pore space for the depth interval between ???25 and ???160 m below seafloor. On the other hand, gas hydrate saturations estimated from pressure cores from nearby wells were less than ???26% of the pore space. Although intrasite variability may contribute to the difference, the primary cause of the saturation difference is attributed to the anisotropic nature of the reservoir due to gas hydrate in high-angle fractures. Archie's law can be used to estimate gas hydrate saturations in anisotropic reservoir, with additional information such as elastic velocities to constrain Archie cementation parameters m and the saturation exponent n. Theory indicates that m and n depend on the direction of the measurement relative to fracture orientation, as well as depending on gas hydrate saturation. By using higher values of m and n in the resistivity analysis for fractured reservoirs, the difference between saturation estimates is significantly reduced, although a sizable difference remains. To better understand the nature of fractured reservoirs, wireline P and S wave velocities were also incorporated into the analysis.

Sedimentology and Sedimentary Dynamics of the Desmoinesian Cherokee Group, Deep Anadarko Basin, Texas Panhandle

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hu, N.; Loucks, R.; Frebourg, G.

2015-12-01

Understanding the spatial variability of deep-water facies is critical to deep-water research because of its revealing information about the relationship between desity flow processes and their resultant sedimentary sequences. The Cherokee Group in the Anadarko Basin, northeastern Texas Panhandle, provides an opportunity to investigate an icehouse-greenhouse Pennsylvanian hybrid system that well demonstrates the intricacies of vertical and lateral facies relationships in an unconfined fan-delta fed deep-water slope to basinal setting. The stratigraphic section ranges in thickness from 150 to 460 m. The cyclic sedimentation and foreland basin tectonics resulted in a complex stratal architecture that was sourced by multiple areas of sediment input. This investigation consists of wireline-log and core data. Five-thousand wireline logs were correlated in an area of over 9500 sq km to map out six depositional sequences that are separated by major flooding events. These events are correlative over the whole area of study. Six cores, that sample nearly the complete section, were described for lithofacies. Lithofacies are recognized based on depositional features and mineralogy:(1) Subarkose, (2) Lithicarkoses, (3) Sandy siliciclastic conglomerate, (4) Muddy calcareous conglomerate, (5) Crinoidal packstone, (6) Oodic grainstone, (7)Pelodic grainstone, (8) Ripple laminated mudrock, (9) faint laminated mudrock. The integration of isopachs of depositional sequences with the lithofacies has allowed the delineation of the spatial and temporal evolution of the slope to basin-floor system. Thin-to-thick bedded turbidites, hyperconcentrated density flow deposits (slurry beds), and debris and mud flow deposits were observed and can be used to better predicte lithofacies distributions in areas that have less data control. These mixed siliciclastic and carbonate deposits can be carrier beds for the hydrocarbons generated from the enclosing organic-rich (TOC ranges from 0.55 to 6.77wt%), dysareobic to anaerobic mudstones.

Modeling dolomitized carbonate-ramp reservoirs: A case study of the Seminole San Andres unit. Part 2 -- Seismic modeling, reservoir geostatistics, and reservoir simulation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wang, F.P.; Dai, J.; Kerans, C.

1998-11-01

In part 1 of this paper, the authors discussed the rock-fabric/petrophysical classes for dolomitized carbonate-ramp rocks, the effects of rock fabric and pore type on petrophysical properties, petrophysical models for analyzing wireline logs, the critical scales for defining geologic framework, and 3-D geologic modeling. Part 2 focuses on geophysical and engineering characterizations, including seismic modeling, reservoir geostatistics, stochastic modeling, and reservoir simulation. Synthetic seismograms of 30 to 200 Hz were generated to study the level of seismic resolution required to capture the high-frequency geologic features in dolomitized carbonate-ramp reservoirs. Outcrop data were collected to investigate effects of sampling interval andmore » scale-up of block size on geostatistical parameters. Semivariogram analysis of outcrop data showed that the sill of log permeability decreases and the correlation length increases with an increase of horizontal block size. Permeability models were generated using conventional linear interpolation, stochastic realizations without stratigraphic constraints, and stochastic realizations with stratigraphic constraints. Simulations of a fine-scale Lawyer Canyon outcrop model were used to study the factors affecting waterflooding performance. Simulation results show that waterflooding performance depends strongly on the geometry and stacking pattern of the rock-fabric units and on the location of production and injection wells.« less

47 CFR 52.35 - Porting Intervals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... “telecommunications carrier” includes an interconnected Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) provider as that term in... ports” includes (i) Wireline-to-wireless ports; (ii) Wireless-to-wireline ports; and (iii) Ports...

47 CFR 52.35 - Porting Intervals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... work week of Monday through Friday represents mandatory business days and 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. represents... ports” includes (i) Wireline-to-wireless ports; (ii) Wireless-to-wireline ports; and (iii) Ports...

47 CFR 52.35 - Porting Intervals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... work week of Monday through Friday represents mandatory business days and 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. represents... ports” includes (i) Wireline-to-wireless ports; (ii) Wireless-to-wireline ports; and (iii) Ports...

Analysis of some seismic expressions of Big Injun sandstone and its adjacent interval

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Xiangdong, Zou; Wilson, T.A.; Donaldson, A.C.

1991-08-01

The Big Injun sandstone is an important oil and gas reservoir in western West Virginia. The pre-Greenbrier unconformity has complicated correlations, and hydrocarbon explorationists commonly have misidentified the Big Injun in the absence of a regional stratigraphic study. Paleogeologic maps on this unconformity show the West Virginia dome, with the Price/Pocono units truncated resulting in pinch-outs of different sandstones against the overlying Big Lime (Greenbrier Limestone). Drillers have named the first sandstone below the Big Lime as Big Injun, and miscorrelated the real Big Injun with Squaw, upper Weir, and even the Berea sandstone. In this report, an 8-mi (13-km)more » seismic section extending from Kanawha to Clay counties was interpreted. The study area is near the pinch-out of the Big Injun sandstone. A stratigraphic cross section was constructed from gamma-ray logs for comparison with the seismic interpretation. The modeling and interpretation of the seismic section recognized the relief on the unconformity and the ability to determine facies changes, too. Both geophysical wireline and seismic data can be used for detailed stratigraphic analysis within the Granny Creek oil field of Clay and Roane countries.« less

Sampling system and method

DOEpatents

Decker, David L.; Lyles, Brad F.; Purcell, Richard G.; Hershey, Ronald Lee

2017-03-07

In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides an apparatus and method for supporting a tubing bundle during installation or removal. The apparatus includes a clamp for securing the tubing bundle to an external wireline. In various examples, the clamp is external to the tubing bundle or integral with the tubing bundle. According to one method, a tubing bundle and wireline are deployed together and the tubing bundle periodically secured to the wireline using a clamp. In another embodiment, the present disclosure provides an apparatus and method for coupling conduit segments together. A first pump obtains a sample and transmits it through a first conduit to a reservoir accessible by a second pump. The second pump further conducts the sample from the reservoir through a second conduit. In a specific example, one or more clamps are used to connect the first and/or second conduits to an external wireline.

Scale-dependent gas hydrate saturation estimates in sand reservoirs in the Ulleung Basin, East Sea of Korea

USGS Publications Warehouse

Lee, Myung Woong; Collett, Timothy S.

2013-01-01

Through the use of 2-D and 3-D seismic data, several gas hydrate prospects were identified in the Ulleung Basin, East Sea of Korea and thirteen drill sites were established and logging-while-drilling (LWD) data were acquired from each site in 2010. Sites UBGH2–6 and UBGH2–10 were selected to test a series of high amplitude seismic reflections, possibly from sand reservoirs. LWD logs from the UBGH2–6 well indicate that there are three significant sand reservoirs with varying thickness. Two upper sand reservoirs are water saturated and the lower thinly bedded sand reservoir contains gas hydrate with an average saturation of 13%, as estimated from the P-wave velocity. The well logs at the UBGH2–6 well clearly demonstrated the effect of scale-dependency on gas hydrate saturation estimates. Gas hydrate saturations estimated from the high resolution LWD acquired ring resistivity (vertical resolution of about 5–8 cm) reaches about 90% with an average saturation of 28%, whereas gas hydrate saturations estimated from the low resolution A40L resistivity (vertical resolution of about 120 cm) reaches about 25% with an average saturation of 11%. However, in the UBGH2–10 well, gas hydrate occupies a 5-m thick sand reservoir near 135 mbsf with a maximum saturation of about 60%. In the UBGH2–10 well, the average and a maximum saturation estimated from various well logging tools are comparable, because the bed thickness is larger than the vertical resolution of the various logging tools. High resolution wireline log data further document the role of scale-dependency on gas hydrate calculations.

Porosity estimates on basaltic basement samples using the neutron absorption cross section (Σ): Implications for fluid flow and alteration of the oceanic crust

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Reichow, M. K.; Brewer, T. S.; Marvin, L. G.; Lee, S. V.

2008-12-01

Little information presently exists on the heterogeneity of hydrothermal alteration in the oceanic crust or the variability of the associated thermal, fluid, and chemical fluxes. Formation porosities are important controls on these fluxes and porosity measurements are routinely collected during wireline logging operations. These estimates on the formation porosity are measures of the moderating power of the formation in response to bombardment by neutrons. The neutron absorption macroscopic cross-section (Σ = σρ) is a representation of the ability of the rock to slow down neutrons, and as such can be used to invert the porosity of a sample. Boron, lithium and other trace elements are important controls on σ-values, and the distribution of these is influenced by secondary low-temperature alteration processes. Consequently, computed σ-values may be used to discriminate between various basalt types and to identify areas of secondary alteration. Critical in this analysis is the degree of alteration, since elements such as B and Li can dramatically affect the sigma value and leading to erroneous porosity values. We analysed over 150 'pool-samples' for S, Li, Be and B element concentrations to estimate their contribution to the measured neutron porosity. These chemical analyses allow the calculation of the model sigma values for individual samples. Using a range of variably altered samples recovered during IODP Expeditions 309 and 312 we provide bulk estimates of alteration within the drilled section using the measured neutron porosity. B concentration in Hole 1256D increases with depth, with sharp rises at 959 and 1139 mbsf. Elevated wireline neutron porosities cannot always be directly linked with high B content. However, our preliminary results imply that increased neutron porosity (~15) at depths below 1100 mbsf may reflect hydrothermal alteration rather than formation porosity. This interpretation is supported when compared with generally lower computed porosity estimates derived from resistivity measurements for the same intervals.

Seismic lateral prediction in chalky limestone reservoirs offshore Qatar

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rubbens, I.B.H.M.; Murat, R.C.; Vankeulen, J.

Following the discovery of non-structurally trapped oil accumulations in Cretaceous chalky reservoirs on the northern flank of the North Dome offshore QATAR, a seismic lateral prediction study was carried out for QATAR GENERAL PETROLEUM CORPORATION (Offshore Operations). The objectives of this study were to assist in the appraisal of these oil accumulations by predicting their possible lateral extent and to investigate if the technique applied could be used as a basis for further exploration of similar oil prospects in the area. Wireline logs of eight wells and some 1000 km of high quality seismic data were processed into acoustic impedancemore » (A.I.) logs and seismic A.I. sections. Having obtained a satisfactory match of the A.I. well logs and the A.I. of the seismic traces at the well locations, relationships were established by the use of well log data which allowed the interpretation of the seismic A.I. in terms of reservoir quality. Measurements of the relevant A.I. characteristics were then carried out by computer along all seismic lines and porosity distribution maps prepared for some of the reservoirs. These maps, combined with detailed seismic depth contour maps at reservoir tops, lead to definition of good reservoir development areas downdip from poor reservoir quality zones i.e. of the stratigraphic trap areas, and drilling locations could thus be proposed. The system remains to be adequately calibrated when core material becomes available in the area of study.« less

Digital signal processing and interpretation of full waveform sonic log for well BP-3-USGS, Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve, Alamosa County, Colorado

USGS Publications Warehouse

Burke, Lauri

2011-01-01

Along the Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve boundary (fig. 1), 10 monitoring wells were drilled by the National Park Service in order to monitor water flow in an unconfined aquifer spanning the park boundary. Adjacent to the National Park Service monitoring well named Boundary Piezometer Well No. 3, or BP-3, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) drilled the BP-3-USGS well. This well was drilled from September 14 through 17, 2009, to a total depth of 99.4 meters (m) in order to acquire additional subsurface information. The BP-3-USGS well is located at lat 37 degrees 43'18.06' and long -105 degrees 43'39.30' at a surface elevation of 2,301 m. Approximately 23 m of core was recovered beginning at a depth of 18 m. Drill cuttings were also recovered. The wireline geophysical logs acquired in the well include natural gamma ray, borehole caliper, temperature, full waveform sonic, density, neutron, resistivity, and induction logs. The BP-3-USGS well is now plugged and abandoned. This report details the full waveform digital signal processing methodology and the formation compressional-wave velocities determined for the BP-3-USGS well. These velocity results are compared to several velocities that are commonly encountered in the subsurface. The density log is also discussed in context of these formation velocities.

47 CFR 1.20007 - Additional assistance capability requirements for wireline, cellular, and PCS telecommunications...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Additional assistance capability requirements for wireline, cellular, and PCS telecommunications carriers. 1.20007 Section 1.20007 Telecommunication... telecommunications carriers. (a) Definition—(1) Call-identifying information. Call identifying information means...

47 CFR 1.20007 - Additional assistance capability requirements for wireline, cellular, and PCS telecommunications...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Additional assistance capability requirements for wireline, cellular, and PCS telecommunications carriers. 1.20007 Section 1.20007 Telecommunication... telecommunications carriers. (a) Definition—(1) Call-identifying information. Call identifying information means...

Preliminary evaluation of the shale gas prospectivity of the Lower Cretaceous Pearsall Formation in the onshore Gulf Coast region, United States

USGS Publications Warehouse

Enomoto, Catherine B.; Scott, Kristina; Valentine, Brett J.; Hackley, Paul C.; Dennen, Kristin; Lohr, Celeste D.

2012-01-01

Recent work by the U.S. Geological Survey indicated that the Lower Cretaceous Pearsall Formation contains an estimated mean undiscovered, technically recoverable unconventional gas resource of 8.8 trillion cubic ft in the Maverick Basin, South Texas. Cumulative gas production from horizontal wells in the core area of the emerging play has exceeded 5 billion cubic ft since 2008. However, very little information is available to characterize the Pearsall Formation as an unconventional gas resource beyond the Maverick Basin in the greater Gulf Coast region. Therefore, this reconnaissance study examines spatial distribution, thickness, organic richness and thermal maturity of the Pearsall Formation in the onshore U.S. Gulf states using wireline logs and drill cuttings sample analysis. Spontaneous potential and resistivity curves of approximately forty wireline logs from wells in five Gulf Coast states were correlated to ascertain the thickness of the Pearsall Formation and delineate its three members: Pine Island Shale, James Limestone or Cow Creek Limestone, and Bexar Shale, in ascending stratigraphic order. In Florida and Alabama the Pearsall Formation is up to about 300 ft thick; in Mississippi, Louisiana, Arkansas, and East Texas, thickness is up to as much as 800 ft. Drill cuttings sampled from 11 wells at depths ranging from 4600 to 19,600 feet subsurface indicate increasingly oxygenated depositional environments (predominance of red shale) towards the eastern part of the basin. Cuttings vary widely in lithology but indicate interbedded clastics and limestones throughout the Pearsall Formation, consistent with previous regional studies. Organic petrographic and geochemical analyses of 17 cutting samples in the Pearsall Formation indicate a wide range in thermal maturity, from immature (0.43% Ro [vitrinite reflectance]) in paleo-high structural locations to the peak oil window (0.99% Ro) in the eastern portion of the Gulf Coast Basin. This is in contrast to dry gas thermal maturity throughout the Pearsall Formation in the South Texas Maverick Basin. Organic carbon content is low overall, even in immature samples, with a range of 0.17 to 1.08 wt.% by Leco in 22 Pearsall Formation samples. The pyrolysis output range was 0.23 to 2.33 mg hydrocarbon/g rock. The thermal maturity and Rock-Eval pyrolysis data and organic petrologic observations from this study will be used to better focus specific areas of investigation where the Pearsall Formation may be prospective as an unconventional hydrocarbon source and reservoir.

78 FR 50415 - Wireline Competition Bureau Seeks Comment on Proposed Sample Reseller Certification Language for...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-19

... FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION [WC Docket No. 06-122; DA 13-1700] Wireline Competition Bureau...: Federal Communications Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: In this document, the Federal Communications... comments. Federal Communications Commission's Web site: http://fjallfoss.fcc.gov/ecfs2/ . Follow the...

78 FR 14957 - Wireline Competition Bureau Releases Further Discussion Topics and Seeks Additional Comment in...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-08

... FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION 47 CFR Part 54 [WC Docket No. 10-90; DA 13-276] Wireline... Model Virtual Workshop AGENCY: Federal Communications Commission. ACTION: Proposed rule. SUMMARY: In... comments. [ssquf] Federal Communications Commission's Web Site: http://fjallfoss.fcc.gov/ecfs2/ . Follow...

75 FR 27779 - Sunshine Act Meeting; Open Commission Meeting; Thursday, May 20, 2010

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-18

... of Rules and Policies for the Digital Audio Radio Satellite Service in the 2310-2360 MHz Frequency... licensees. 3 WIRELINE TITLE: Schools and COMPETITION. Libraries Universal Service Support Mechanism (CC... broadband more accessible in schools and libraries, and to cut red tape. 4 WIRELINE TITLE: COMPETITION...

78 FR 12271 - Wireline Competition Bureau Seeks Additional Comment In Connect America Cost Model Virtual Workshop

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-22

... Competition Bureau seeks public input on additional questions relating to modeling voice capability and Annual... submitting comments and additional information on the rulemaking process, see the SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION section of this document. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Katie King, Wireline Competition Bureau at (202...

A regional view of urban sedimentary basins in Northern California based on oil industry compressional-wave velocity and density logs

USGS Publications Warehouse

Brocher, T.M.

2005-01-01

Compressional-wave (sonic) and density logs from 119 oil test wells provide knowledge of the physical properties and impedance contrasts within urban sedimentary basins in northern California, which is needed to better understand basin amplification. These wire-line logs provide estimates of sonic velocities and densities for primarily Upper Cretaceous to Pliocene clastic rocks between 0.1 - and 5.6-km depth to an average depth of 1.8 km. Regional differences in the sonic velocities and densities in these basins largely 1reflect variations in the lithology, depth of burial, porosity, and grain size of the strata, but not necessarily formation age. For example, Miocene basin filling strata west of the Calaveras Fault exhibit higher sonic velocities and densities than older but finer-grained and/or higher-porosity rocks of the Upper Cretaceous Great Valley Sequence. As another example, hard Eocene sandstones west of the San Andreas Fault have much higher impedances than Eocene strata, mainly higher-porosity sandstones and shales, located to the east of this fault, and approach those expected for Franciscan Complex basement rocks. Basement penetrations define large impedence contrasts at the sediment/basement contact along the margins of several basins, where Quaternary, Pliocene, and even Miocene deposits directly overlie Franciscan or Salinian basement rocks at depths as much as 1.7 km. In contrast, in the deepest, geographic centers of the basins, such logs exhibit only a modest impedance contrast at the sediment/basement contact at depths exceeding 2 km. Prominent (up to 1 km/sec) and thick (up to several hundred meters) velocity and density reversals in the logs refute the common assumption that velocities and densities increase monotonically with depth.

47 CFR 52.35 - Porting Intervals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... telephone numbers must complete a simple wireline-to-wireline or simple intermodal port request within one... work week of Monday through Friday represents mandatory business days and 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. represents... complete Local Service Request (LSR) must be received by the current service provider between 8 a.m. and 1...

47 CFR 52.35 - Porting Intervals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... telephone numbers must complete a simple wireline-to-wireline or simple intermodal port request within one... work week of Monday through Friday represents mandatory business days and 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. represents... complete Local Service Request (LSR) must be received by the current service provider between 8 a.m. and 1...

77 FR 38804 - Wireline Competition Bureau Seeks Comment on Model Design and Data Inputs for Phase II of the...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-29

...In this document, the Wireline Competition Bureau (the Bureau) seeks comment on a number of threshold decisions regarding the design of and data inputs to the forward looking cost model, and on other assumptions in the cost models currently in the record.

Wireline-rotary air coring of the Bandelier Tuff, Los Alamos, New Mexico

USGS Publications Warehouse

Teasdale, W.E.; Pemberton, R.R.

1984-01-01

This paper describes experiments using wireline-rotary air-coring techniques conducted in the Bandelier Tuff using a modified standard wireline core-barrel system. The modified equipment was used to collect uncontaminated cores of unconsolidated ash and indurated tuff at Los Alamos, New Mexico. Core recovery obtained from the 210-foot deep test hole was about 92 percent. A standard HQ-size, triple-tube wireline core barrel (designed for the passage of liquid drilling fluids) was modified for air coring as follows: (1) Air passages were milled in the latch body part of the head assembly; (2) the inside dimension of the outer core barrel tube was machined and honed to provide greater clearance between the inner and outer barrels; (3) oversized reaming devices were added to the outer core barrel and the coring bit to allow more clearance for air and cuttings return; (4) the eight discharge ports in the coring bit were enlarged. To control airborne-dust pollution, a dust-and-cuttings discharge subassembly, designed and built by project personnel, was used. (USGS)

Heterogeneous wireless/wireline optical access networks with the R-EAT as backend component

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hagedorn, Klaus; Gindera, Ralf; Stohr, Andreas; Jager, Dieter

2004-09-01

A heterogeneous wireless/wireline optical transmission link using a reflection type electroabsorption transceiver (R-EAT) is presented. Simultaneous transmission of full-duplex broadband wireless LAN (WLAN) channels and 1Gb/s base band data is experimentally demonstrated. The system link employs sub-carrier multiplexing (SCM) and two optical channels for full duplex transmission of various analog WLAN channels and downlink digital base band data. The developed link architecture is suitable for simultaneous transmission of broadband wireline and wireless signals, it enables the coexistence and interoperability between wireline and wireless access technologies. The developed R-EAT component employed in this wireline/wireless access system, features "single-chip-component" base stations in access networks with star type topology where only a single optical fiber is used for bidirectional optical transmission. The R-EAT can be used within the optical C-band (1530- 1560nm) and is suitable for (D)WDM networks. Bit error rate measurements demonstrate the capabilities of the R-EAT for 1Gb/s base band transmission. The analog performance for WLAN transmission is characterised by a spurious free dynamic range (SFDR) of more than 75dB and 90dB for uplink and downlink transmission, respectively. The link gain for uplink and downlink transmission is -42dB and -37dB, respectively. The demonstrates the analog performances of the R-EAT for being used in wireless access networks such as W-LAN.

Reservoir characteristics of two minter oil sands based on continuous core, E-logs, and geochemical data: Bee Brake field, East-Central Louisiana

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Echols, J.B.; Goddard, D.A.; Bouma, A.

The Bee Brake field area, located in township 4N/6E and 4N/7E in Concordia Parish, has been one of the more prolific oil-producing areas in east-central Louisiana. Production decline in various fields, however, has sparked interest in the economic feasibility of locating and producing the remaining bypassed oil in the lower Wilcox. For this purpose, the Angelina BBF No. 1 well was drilled, and a 500-ft conventional core and a complete suite of state-of-the-are wireline logs were recovered. Production tests were run on the Minter interval of interest. The 16-ft Minter interval (6742-6758 ft depth), bounded at its top and basemore » by lignite seams, consists of an upper 4-ft oil sand (Bee Brake) and a lower 3-ft oil sand (Angelina). The oil sands are separated by approximately 5 ft of thinly laminated silty shale and 4 ft of very fine-grained silty sandstone. Detailed sedimentologic and petrographic descriptions of the Minter interval provide accurate facies determinations of this lower delta-plain sequence. Petrophysical evaluation, combining core plug and modern electric-log data show differences between reservoir quality of the Bee Brake and Angelina sands. This data will also be useful for correlating and interpolating old electric logs. Organic geochemistry of the oil, lignites, and shales provides insight as to the source of the Minter oils and the sourcing potential of the lignites.« less

Deep Borehole Emplacement Mode Hazard Analysis Revision 0

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sevougian, S. David

This letter report outlines a methodology and provides resource information for the Deep Borehole Emplacement Mode Hazard Analysis (DBEMHA). The main purpose is identify the accident hazards and accident event sequences associated with the two emplacement mode options (wireline or drillstring), to outline a methodology for computing accident probabilities and frequencies, and to point to available databases on the nature and frequency of accidents typically associated with standard borehole drilling and nuclear handling operations. Risk mitigation and prevention measures, which have been incorporated into the two emplacement designs (see Cochran and Hardin 2015), are also discussed. A key intent ofmore » this report is to provide background information to brief subject matter experts involved in the Emplacement Mode Design Study. [Note: Revision 0 of this report is concentrated more on the wireline emplacement mode. It is expected that Revision 1 will contain further development of the preliminary fault and event trees for the drill string emplacement mode.]« less

Borehole Tool for the Comprehensive Characterization of Hydrate-bearing Sediments

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dai, Sheng; Santamarina, J. Carlos

Reservoir characterization and simulation require reliable parameters to anticipate hydrate deposits responses and production rates. The acquisition of the required fundamental properties currently relies on wireline logging, pressure core testing, and/or laboratory observations of synthesized specimens, which are challenged by testing capabilities and innate sampling disturbances. The project reviews hydrate-bearing sediments, properties, and inherent sampling effects, albeit lessen with the developments in pressure core technology, in order to develop robust correlations with index parameters. The resulting information is incorporated into a tool for optimal field characterization and parameter selection with uncertainty analyses. Ultimately, the project develops a borehole tool formore » the comprehensive characterization of hydrate-bearing sediments at in situ, with the design recognizing past developments and characterization experience and benefited from the inspiration of nature and sensor miniaturization.« less

Enhanced characterization of faults and fractures at EGS sites by CO2 injection coupled with active seismic monitoring, pressure-transient testing, and well logging

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Oldenburg, C. M.; Daley, T. M.; Borgia, A.; Zhang, R.; Doughty, C.; Jung, Y.; Altundas, B.; Chugunov, N.; Ramakrishnan, T. S.

2016-12-01

Faults and fractures in geothermal systems are difficult to image and characterize because they are nearly indistinguishable from host rock using traditional seismic and well-logging tools. We are investigating the use of CO2 injection and production (push-pull) in faults and fractures for contrast enhancement for better characterization by active seismic, well logging, and push-pull pressure transient analysis. Our approach consists of numerical simulation and feasibility assessment using conceptual models of potential enhanced geothermal system (EGS) sites such as Brady's Hot Spring and others. Faults in the deep subsurface typically have associated damage and gouge zones that provide a larger volume for uptake of CO2 than the slip plane alone. CO2 injected for push-pull well testing has a preference for flowing in the fault and fractures because CO2 is non-wetting relative to water and the permeability of open fractures and fault gouge is much higher than matrix. We are carrying out numerical simulations of injection and withdrawal of CO2 using TOUGH2/ECO2N. Simulations show that CO2 flows into the slip plane and gouge and damage zones and is driven upward by buoyancy during the push cycle over day-long time scales. Recovery of CO2 during the pull cycle is limited because of buoyancy effects. We then use the CO2 saturation field simulated by TOUGH2 in our anisotropic finite difference code from SPICE-with modifications for fracture compliance-that we use to model elastic wave propagation. Results show time-lapse differences in seismic response using a surface source. Results suggest that CO2 can be best imaged using time-lapse differencing of the P-wave and P-to-S-wave scattering in a vertical seismic profile (VSP) configuration. Wireline well-logging tools that measure electrical conductivity show promise as another means to detect and image the CO2-filled fracture near the injection well and potential monitoring well(s), especially if a saline-water pre-flush is carried out to enhance conductivity contrast. Pressure-transient analysis is also carried out to further constrain fault zone characteristics. These multiple complementary characterization approaches are being used to develop working models of fault and fracture zone characteristics relevant to EGS energy recovery.

78 FR 42699 - Application for Review of a Decision of the Wireline Competition Bureau by Dooly County School...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-17

...] Application for Review of a Decision of the Wireline Competition Bureau by Dooly County School System; Schools... part and dismisses in part an Application for Review filed by the Dooly County School System and..., in April 2003, the Commission released the Schools and Libraries Second Report and Order, 68 FR 36931...

Physical properties of fault zone rocks from SAFOD: Tying logging data to high-pressure measurements on drill core

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jeppson, T.; Tobin, H. J.

2013-12-01

In the summer of 2005, Phase 2 of the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) borehole was completed and logged with wireline tools including a dipole sonic tool to measure P- and S-wave velocities. A zone of anomalously low velocity was detected from 3150 to 3414 m measured depth (MD), corresponding with the subsurface location of the San Andreas Fault Zone (SAFZ). This low velocity zone is 5-30% slower than the surrounding host rock. Within this broad low-velocity zone, several slip surfaces were identified as well as two actively deforming shear zones: the southwest deformation zone (SDZ) and the central deformation zone (CDZ), located at 3192 and 3302 m MD, respectively. The SAFZ had also previously been identified as a low velocity zone in seismic velocity inversion models. The anomalously low velocity was hypothesized to result from either (a) brittle deformation in the damage zone of the fault, (b) high fluid pressures with in the fault zone, or (c) lithological variation, or a combination of the above. We measured P- and S-wave velocities at ultrasonic frequencies on saturated 2.5 cm diameter core plug samples taken from SAFOD core obtained in 2007 from within the low velocity zone. The resulting values fall into two distinct groups: foliated fault gouge and non-gouge. Samples of the foliated fault gouge have P-wave velocities between 2.3-3.5 km/s while non-gouge samples lie between 4.1-5.4 km/s over a range of effective pressures from 5-70 MPa. There is a good correlation between the log measurements and laboratory values of P-and S wave velocity at in situ pressure conditions especially for the foliated fault gouge. For non-gouge samples the laboratory values are approximately 0.08-0.73 km/s faster than the log values. This difference places the non-gouge velocities within the Great Valley siltstone velocity range, as measured by logs and ultrasonic measurements performed on outcrop samples. As a high fluid pressure zone was not encountered during SAFOD drilling, we use the ultrasonic velocities of SAFOD core and analogous outcrop samples to determine if the velocity reduction is due to lithologic variations or the presence of deformational fabrics and alteration in the fault zone. Preliminary analysis indicates that while the decrease in velocity across the broad fault zone is heavily influenced by fractures, the extremely low velocities associated with the actively deforming zones are more likely caused by the development of scaly fabric with clay coatings on the fracture surfaces. Analysis of thin sections and well logs are used to support this interpretation.

On coincident loop transient electromagnetic induction logging

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Swidinsky, Andrei; Weiss, Chester J.

Coincident loop transient induction wireline logging is examined as the borehole analog of the well-known land and airborne time-domain electromagnetic (EM) method. The concept of whole-space late-time apparent resistivity is modified from the half-space version commonly used in land and airborne geophysics and applied to the coincident loop voltages produced from various formation, borehole, and invasion models. Given typical tool diameters, off-time measurements with such an instrument must be made on the order of nanoseconds to microseconds — much more rapidly than for surface methods. Departure curves of the apparent resistivity for thin beds, calculated using an algorithm developed tomore » model the transient response of a loop in a multilayered earth, indicate that the depth of investigation scales with the bed thickness. Modeled resistivity logs are comparable in accuracy and resolution with standard frequency-domain focused induction logs. However, if measurement times are longer than a few microseconds, the thicknesses of conductors can be overestimated, whereas resistors are underestimated. Thin-bed resolution characteristics are explained by visualizing snapshots of the EM fields in the formation, where a conductor traps the electric field while two current maxima are produced in the shoulder beds surrounding a resistor. Radial profiling is studied using a concentric cylinder earth model. Results found that true formation resistivity can be determined in the presence of either oil- or water-based mud, although in the latter case, measurements must be taken several orders of magnitude later in time. Lastly, the ability to determine true formation resistivity is governed by the degree that the EM field heals after being distorted by borehole fluid and invasion, a process visualized and particularly evident in the case of conductive water-based mud.« less

On coincident loop transient electromagnetic induction logging

DOE PAGES

Swidinsky, Andrei; Weiss, Chester J.

2017-05-31

Coincident loop transient induction wireline logging is examined as the borehole analog of the well-known land and airborne time-domain electromagnetic (EM) method. The concept of whole-space late-time apparent resistivity is modified from the half-space version commonly used in land and airborne geophysics and applied to the coincident loop voltages produced from various formation, borehole, and invasion models. Given typical tool diameters, off-time measurements with such an instrument must be made on the order of nanoseconds to microseconds — much more rapidly than for surface methods. Departure curves of the apparent resistivity for thin beds, calculated using an algorithm developed tomore » model the transient response of a loop in a multilayered earth, indicate that the depth of investigation scales with the bed thickness. Modeled resistivity logs are comparable in accuracy and resolution with standard frequency-domain focused induction logs. However, if measurement times are longer than a few microseconds, the thicknesses of conductors can be overestimated, whereas resistors are underestimated. Thin-bed resolution characteristics are explained by visualizing snapshots of the EM fields in the formation, where a conductor traps the electric field while two current maxima are produced in the shoulder beds surrounding a resistor. Radial profiling is studied using a concentric cylinder earth model. Results found that true formation resistivity can be determined in the presence of either oil- or water-based mud, although in the latter case, measurements must be taken several orders of magnitude later in time. Lastly, the ability to determine true formation resistivity is governed by the degree that the EM field heals after being distorted by borehole fluid and invasion, a process visualized and particularly evident in the case of conductive water-based mud.« less

Optimizing Fracture Treatments in a Mississippian "Chat" Reservoir, South-Central Kansas

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

K. David Newell; Saibal Bhattacharya; Alan Byrnes

2005-10-01

This project is a collaboration of Woolsey Petroleum Corporation (a small independent operator) and the Kansas Geological Survey. The project will investigate geologic and engineering factors critical for designing hydraulic fracture treatments in Mississippian ''chat'' reservoirs. Mississippian reservoirs, including the chat, account for 159 million m3 (1 billion barrels) of the cumulative oil produced in Kansas. Mississippian reservoirs presently represent {approx}40% of the state's 5.6*106m3 (35 million barrels) annual production. Although geographically widespread, the ''chat'' is a heterogeneous reservoir composed of chert, cherty dolomite, and argillaceous limestone. Fractured chert with micro-moldic porosity is the best reservoir in this 18- tomore » 30-m-thick (60- to 100-ft) unit. The chat will be cored in an infill well in the Medicine Lodge North field (417,638 m3 [2,626,858 bbls] oil; 217,811,000 m3 [7,692,010 mcf] gas cumulative production; discovered 1954). The core and modern wireline logs will provide geological and petrophysical data for designing a fracture treatment. Optimum hydraulic fracturing design is poorly defined in the chat, with poor correlation of treatment size to production increase. To establish new geologic and petrophysical guidelines for these treatments, data from core petrophysics, wireline logs, and oil-field maps will be input to a fracture-treatment simulation program. Parameters will be established for optimal size of the treatment and geologic characteristics of the predicted fracturing. The fracturing will be performed and subsequent wellsite tests will ascertain the results for comparison to predictions. A reservoir simulation program will then predict the rate and volumetric increase in production. Comparison of the predicted increase in production with that of reality, and the hypothetical fracturing behavior of the reservoir with that of its actual behavior, will serve as tests of the geologic and petrophysical characterization of the oil field. After this feedback, a second well will be cored and logged, and procedure will be repeated to test characteristics determined to be critical for designing cost-effective fracture treatments. Most oil and gas production in Kansas, and that of the Midcontinent oil industry, is dominated by small companies. The overwhelming majority of these independent operators employ less than 20 people. These companies have limited scientific and engineering expertise and they are increasingly needing guidelines and technical examples that will help them to not be wasteful of their limited financial resources and petroleum reserves. To aid these operators, the technology transfer capabilities of the Kansas Geological Survey will disseminate the results of this study to the local, regional, and national oil industry. Internet access, seminars, presentations, and publications by Woolsey Petroleum Company and Kansas Geological Survey geologists and engineers are anticipated.« less

A sensitivity analysis on seismic tomography data with respect to CO2 saturation of a CO2 geological sequestration field

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Park, Chanho; Nguyen, Phung K. T.; Nam, Myung Jin; Kim, Jongwook

2013-04-01

Monitoring CO2 migration and storage in geological formations is important not only for the stability of geological sequestration of CO2 but also for efficient management of CO2 injection. Especially, geophysical methods can make in situ observation of CO2 to assess the potential leakage of CO2 and to improve reservoir description as well to monitor development of geologic discontinuity (i.e., fault, crack, joint, etc.). Geophysical monitoring can be based on wireline logging or surface surveys for well-scale monitoring (high resolution and nallow area of investigation) or basin-scale monitoring (low resolution and wide area of investigation). In the meantime, crosswell tomography can make reservoir-scale monitoring to bridge the resolution gap between well logs and surface measurements. This study focuses on reservoir-scale monitoring based on crosswell seismic tomography aiming describe details of reservoir structure and monitoring migration of reservoir fluid (water and CO2). For the monitoring, we first make a sensitivity analysis on crosswell seismic tomography data with respect to CO2 saturation. For the sensitivity analysis, Rock Physics Models (RPMs) are constructed by calculating the values of density and P and S-wave velocities of a virtual CO2 injection reservoir. Since the seismic velocity of the reservoir accordingly changes as CO2 saturation changes when the CO2 saturation is less than about 20%, while when the CO2 saturation is larger than 20%, the seismic velocity is insensitive to the change, sensitivity analysis is mainly made when CO2 saturation is less than 20%. For precise simulation of seismic tomography responses for constructed RPMs, we developed a time-domain 2D elastic modeling based on finite difference method with a staggered grid employing a boundary condition of a convolutional perfectly matched layer. We further make comparison between sensitivities of seismic tomography and surface measurements for RPMs to analysis resolution difference between them. Moreover, assuming a similar reservoir situation to the CO2 storage site in Nagaoka, Japan, we generate time-lapse tomographic data sets for the corresponding CO2 injection process, and make a preliminary interpretation of the data sets.

First results from the in-situ temperature measurements by the newly developed downhole tool during the drilling cruise in the hydrothermal fields of the mid-Okinawa Trough

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kitada, K.; Wu, H. Y.; Miyazaki, J.; Akiyama, K.; Nozaki, T.; Ishibashi, J. I.; Kumagai, H.; Maeda, L.

2016-12-01

The Okinawa trough is an active backarc basin behind the Ryukyu subduction zone and exhibits active rifting associated with extension of the continental margin. The temperature measurement in this area is essential for understanding hydrothermal system and hydraulic structure. During the CK16-01 cruise this March, we have conducted the in-situ temperature measurements by the newly developed downhole tool, TRDT (Thermo-Resistant Downhole Thermometer) in hydrothermal fields of the mid-Okinawa Trough. The purpose of this measurement is to investigate the in-situ temperature structure in deep-hot zones and its variation after coring and/or drilling. TRDT was designed by JAMSTEC as a memory downhole tool to measure in-situ borehole temperature under the extreme high temperature environment. First trial was conducted in the CK14-04 cruise by the free fall deployment to reduce the operation time. However, there was no temperature data recorded due to the strong vibration during the operation. After CK14-04 cruise, TRDT was modified to improve the function against vibration and shock. The improved TRDT passed the high temperature, vibration and shock tests to ensure the data acquisition of borehole logging. During the CK16-01 cruise, we have first successfully collected the in-situ temperature data from hydrothermal borehole in the Iheya North Knoll with wireline system. The temperature at depth of 187mbsf continued to increase almost linearly from 220 to 245°C during the 20 minute measurements time. This suggests that the inside borehole was cooled down by pumping seawater through drill pipes during the coring and lowering down the TRDT tool to the bottom hole. The in-situ temperature were extrapolated with exponential curve using nonlinear least squares fitting and the estimated equilibrium temperature was 278°C. To recover the in-situ temperature more precisely, the measurement time should kept as long as possible by considering the temperature rating. The operational procedure is also important to succeed in temperature logging. TRDT was deployed by wireline system to avoid damage from the strong vibration and shock. In order to get in-situ temperature data, the key factors are: 1) keeping the borehole for recovering the in-situ temperature after the coring; 2) TRDT sensor deployment without pumping seawater.

Subsurface multidisciplinary research results at ICTJA-CSIC downhole lab and test site

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jurado, Maria Jose; Crespo, Jose; Salvany, Josep Maria; Teixidó, Teresa

2017-04-01

Two scientific boreholes, Almera-1 and Almera-2 were drilled in the Barcelona University campus area in 2011. The main purpose for this drilling was to create a new geophysical logging and downhole monitoring research facility and infrastructure. We present results obtained in the frame of multidisciplinary studies and experiments carried out since 2011 at the ICTJA "Borehole Geophysical Logging Lab - Scientific Boreholes Almera" downhole lab facilities. First results obtained from the scientific drilling, coring and logging allowed us to characterize the urban subsurface geology and hydrology adjacent to the Institute of Earth Sciences Jaume Almera (ICTJA-CSIC) in Barcelona. The subsurface geology and structural picture has been completed with recent geophysical studies and monitoring results. The upper section of Almera-1 214m deep hole was cased with PVC after drilling and after the logging operations. An open hole interval was left from 112m to TD (Paleozoic section). Almera-2 drilling reached 46m and was cased also with PVC to 44m. Since completion of the drilling in 2011, both Almera-1 and Almera-2 have been extensively used for research purposes, tests, training, hydrological and geophysical monitoring. A complete set of geophysical logging measurements and borehole oriented images were acquired in open hole mode of the entire Almera-1 section. Open hole measurements included acoustic and optical imaging, spectral natural gamma ray, full wave acoustic logging, magnetic susceptibility, hydrochemical-temperature logs and fluid sampling. Through casing (PVC casing) measurements included spectral gamma ray logging, full wave sonic and acoustic televiewer. A Quaternary to Paleozoic section was characterized based on the geophysical logging and borehole images interpretation and also on the complete set of (wireline) cores of the entire section. Sample availability was intended for geological macro and micro-facies detailed characterization, mineralogical and petrophysical tests and analyses. The interpretation of the geophysical logging data and borehole oriented images, and core data allowed us to define the stratigraphy, structures and petrophysical properties in the subsurface. Quaternary sediments overlie unconformably weathered, deformed and partially metamorphosed Paleozoic rocks. A gap of the Tertiary rocks at the drillsite was detected. Structures at intensely fractured and faulted sections were measured and have yielded valuable data to understand the subsurface geology, hydrology and geological evolution in that area. Logging, borehole imaging and monitoring carried out in the scientific boreholes Almera-1 and Almera-2 has allowed also to identify three preferential groundwater flow paths in the subsurface. Geophysical logging data combined with groundwater monitoring allowed us to identify three zones of high permeability in the subsurface. Logging data combined with core analysis were used to characterize the aquifers lithology and their respective petrophysical properties. We also analyzed the aquifer dynamics and potential relationships between the variations in groundwater levels and the rainfalls by comparing the groundwater monitoring results and the rainfall. A seismic survey was carried out to outline the geological structures beyond Almera-1 borehole, a vertical reverse pseudo-3D (2.5D) seismic tomography experiment. The results allowed us to define the geological structure beyond the borehole wall and also a correlation between the different geological units in the borehole and their geometry and spatial geophysical and seismic image.

Sedimentary architecture of a sub-lacustrine debris fan: Eocene Dongying Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, east China

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Jianping; Xian, Benzhong; Wang, Junhui; Ji, Youliang; Lu, Zhiyong; Liu, Saijun

2017-12-01

The sedimentary architectures of submarine/sublacustrine fans are controlled by sedimentary processes, geomorphology and sediment composition in sediment gravity flows. To advance understanding of sedimentary architecture of debris fans formed predominantly by debris flows in deep-water environments, a sub-lacustrine fan (Y11 fan) within a lacustrine succession has been identified and studied through the integration of core data, well logging data and 3D seismic data in the Eocene Dongying Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, east China. Six types of resedimented lithofacies can be recognized, which are further grouped into five broad lithofacies associations. Quantification of gravity flow processes on the Y11 fan is suggested by quantitative lithofacies analysis, which demonstrates that the fan is dominated by debris flows, while turbidity currents and sandy slumps are less important. The distribution, geometry and sedimentary architecture are documented using well data and 3D seismic data. A well-developed depositional lobe with a high aspect ratio is identified based on a sandstone isopach map. Canyons and/or channels are absent, which is probably due to the unsteady sediment supply from delta-front collapse. Distributary tongue-shaped debris flow deposits can be observed at different stages of fan growth, suggesting a lobe constructed by debrite tongue complexes. Within each stage of the tongue complexes, architectural elements are interpreted by wireline log motifs showing amalgamated debrite tongues, which constitute the primary fan elements. Based on lateral lithofacies distribution and vertical sequence analysis, it is proposed that lakefloor erosion, entrainment and dilution in the flow direction lead to an organized distribution of sandy debrites, muddy debrites and turbidites on individual debrite tongues. Plastic rheology of debris flows combined with fault-related topography are considered the major factors that control sediment distribution and fan architecture. An important implication of this study is that a deep-water depositional model for debrite-dominated systems was proposed, which may be applicable to other similar deep-water environments.

Reservoir geology of Landslide field, southern San Joaquin basin, California

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Carr, T.R.; Tucker, R.D.; Singleton, M.T.

1991-02-01

The Landslide field, which is located on the southern margin of the San Joaquin basin, was discovered in 1985 and consists of 13 producers and six injectors. Cumulative production as of mid-1990 was approximately 10 million bbl of oil with an average daily production of 4700 BOPD. Production is from a series of late Miocene turbidite sands (Stevens Sand) that were deposited as a small constructional submarine fan (less than 2 mi in diameter). Based on interpretation of wireline logs and engineering data, deposition of the fan and of individual lobes within the fan was strongly influenced by preexisting paleotopographymore » and small syndepositional slump features. Based on mapping of individual depositional units and stratigraphic dipmeter analysis, transport direction of the sand was to the north-north across these paleotopographic breaks in slope. Dipmeter data and pressure data from individual sands are especially useful for recognition and mapping of individual flow units between well bores. Detailed engineering, geophysical and geological studies have increased our understanding of the dimensions, continuity, geometry, and inherent reservoir properties of the individual flow units within the reservoir. Based on the results of these studies a series of water isolation workovers and extension wells were proposed and successfully undertaken. This work has increased recoverable reserves and arrested the rapid production decline.« less

Surface horizontal logging for uranium and its decay products at a Superfund site

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gadeken, L.L.; Madigan, W.P.

1995-12-31

The United States Department of Energy (DOE) is now responsible for the environmental restoration and management of a number of sites where nuclear activities occurred during the Cold War. The DOE sponsored an Expedited Site Characterization performed by Ames Laboratory at the St. Louis (Missouri) Airport Site (SLAPS) during August--September, 1994. Uranium processing occurred at SLAPS during the Cold War and there is now significant residual radioactive contamination. Surveys associated the highest radioactivity levels at SLAPS with the ``barium cake`` (AJ-4) waste areas. This paper reports on continuous gamma ray spectroscopy measurements to identify the emitting, isotopes and to quantifymore » the amount of radioactivity present for each. An oilfield wireline gamma ray spectrometry sonde (the Compensated Spectral Natural Gamma instrument) was adapted to perform horizontal measurements with the detector section 3 ft above the soil surface. The CSNG detector is a 2-in.-diameter by 12-in.-long sodium iodide crystal. The spectrometry data are processed by a weighted-least-squares algorithm that incorporates whole spectrum responses for the radioisotopes of interest. The radioactivities are reported in pCi/g units for each isotope, and a depth-of-emission estimate is found by Compton-downscattering spectral shape analysis.« less

Feasibility of real-time geochemical analysis using LIBS (Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy) in oil wells

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shahin, Mohamed

2014-05-01

The oil and gas industry has attempted for many years to find new ways to analyze and determine the type of rocks drilled on a real time basis. Mud analysis logging is a direct method of detecting oil and gas in formations drilled, it depends on the "feel" of the bit to decide formation type, as well as, geochemical analysis which was introduced 30 years ago, starting with a pulsed-neutron generator (PNG) based wireline tool upon which LWD technology was based. In this paper, we are studying the feasibility of introducing a new technology for real-time geochemical analysis. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a type of atomic emission spectroscopy, It is a cutting-edge technology that is used for many applications such as determination of alloy composition, origin of manufacture (by monitoring trace components), and molecular analysis (unknown identification). LIBS can analyze any material regardless of its state (solid, liquid or gas), based upon that fact, we can analyze rocks, formation fluids' types and contacts between them. In cooperation with the National Institute of Laser Enhanced Science, Cairo University in Egypt, we've done tests on sandstone, limestone and coal samples acquired from different places using Nd: YAG Laser with in addition to other components that are explained in details through this paper to understand the ability of Laser to analyze rock samples and provide their elemental composition using LIBS technique. We've got promising results from the sample analysis via LIBS and discussed the possibility of deploying this technology in oilfields suggesting many applications and giving a base for achieving a quantitative elemental analysis method in view of its shortcomings and solutions.

Auto-Gopher-II: an autonomous wireline rotary-hammer ultrasonic drill

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Badescu, Mircea; Lee, Hyeong Jae; Sherrit, Stewart; Bao, Xiaoqi; Bar-Cohen, Yoseph; Jackson, Shannon; Chesin, Jacob; Zacny, Kris; Paulsen, Gale L.; Mellerowicz, Bolek; Kim, Daniel

2017-04-01

Developing technologies that would enable future NASA exploration missions to penetrate deeper into the subsurface of planetary bodies for sample collection is of great importance. Performing these tasks while using minimal mass/volume systems and with low energy consumption is another set of requirements imposed on such technologies. A deep drill, called Auto-Gopher II, is currently being developed as a joint effort between JPL's NDEAA laboratory and Honeybee Robotics Corp. The Auto-Gopher II is a wireline rotary-hammer drill that combines formation breaking by hammering using an ultrasonic actuator and cuttings removal by rotating a fluted auger bit. The hammering mechanism is based on the Ultrasonic/Sonic Drill/Corer (USDC) mechanism that has been developed as an adaptable tool for many drilling and coring applications. The USDC uses an intermediate free-flying mass to transform high frequency vibrations of a piezoelectric transducer horn tip into sonic hammering of the drill bit. The USDC concept was used in a previous task to develop an Ultrasonic/Sonic Ice Gopher and then integrated into a rotary hammer device to develop the Auto-Gopher-I. The lessons learned from these developments are being integrated into the development of the Auto- Gopher-II, an autonomous deep wireline drill with integrated cuttings and sample management and drive electronics. Subsystems of the wireline drill are being developed in parallel at JPL and Honeybee Robotics Ltd. This paper presents the development efforts of the piezoelectric actuator, cuttings removal and retention flutes and drive electronics.

Mechanical and chemical processes affecting the chalk during burial, insights from combined reflection seismics, well data and field work

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Moreau, Julien; Boussaha, Myriam; Nielsen, Lars; Thibault, Nicolas; Stemmerik, Lars

2014-05-01

The chalk must undergo several phases of grain reorganisation and chemical reactions during its diagenetic evolution from a carbonaceous ooze to a sedimentary rock. Some of these transformations could be observed on structures from the kilometre- to the micrometre-scale with seismic reflection and cores analyses, respectively. However, few sites allow to combine all the different scale of observation for chalk diagenesis. Onshore and offshore high resolution seismics, two fully cored >350 m wells with wireline logging tools and very high quality exposures from a coastal cliff and a quarry form such an exceptional dataset in the Stevns peninsula area, eastern Danish Basin (Denmark). The studied chalk interval in the area is of Maastrichtian to Danian age. The chalk has been divided in 4 lithofacies, chalk-marl alternations, white chalk, white chalk with flint layers and bryozoan chalk. Advanced stratigraphic works have been performed with astronomical calibration based on stable isotope stratigraphy, wireline logs as well as several palaeontological proxies and detailed sedimentological analysis. Since a couple of decades, a specific kind of fractures has been described in the Chalk of Denmark, the so-called hairline fractures. They have recently been interpreted as compaction bands associated with the pore collapse of the chalk. We have observed these fractures on the field and on the cores in specific intervals. At depth, these fractures are in genetic relation with the formation of some stylolithes. The pressure-solution allows the formation of carbonate seams in the hairline fractures. At larger scale, on the field are observed faults which are sealed with flint precipitations. They slightly offset (<1 m) strata underlined by flint bands. On the onshore and offshore seismic reflection profiles, numerous strata-bound faults form noisy intervals as well as amplitude anomalies. Their normal offsets are less than 25 m. Their branching patterns, and their restriction to certain stratigraphic intervals (mainly white chalk) is comparable to the observations made on the cores and on the field. We consider that all these features observed at different scales record different diagenetic phases responsible of the transformation of a soft ooze into a rock. It is suggested that after deposition of nanofossil ooze, the water starts to escapes and the ooze compacts into a granular sediment. This phenomenon is associated with the strata bound faults. Later on, the flint starts to precipitate along the strata but also the faults. The pore space continuously reduces with burial and the compaction bands form. Ultimately, stylolithes appear and the remobilised carbonates seal the remaining pore space preferentially along the fractures (the compaction bands). The link between these different features has been realised thanks to the simultaneous analyses of large-scale geophysical data and small-scale core and field geological observations, providing a better understanding of the complex processes of lithification of carbonates.

Emerging Technologies for Real-Time Continuous Monitoring of Wellbore Integrity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Freifeld, B. M.

2017-12-01

Assessment of a well's integrity has traditionally been carried out through periodic wireline logging, often performed only when an operational problem was noted at the surface. There are several emerging technologies that can be installed permanently as part of the well completion and offer the ability to monitor operations while providing continuous indicators to evaluate the structural health of a well. Permanent behind casing instrumentation, such as pressure and temperature gauges can monitor for behind casing leakage. Similarly, fiber-optic distributed temperature and acoustic sensing provide additional information for assessing unwanted movement of fluid, which is indicative of problems either inside or outside of casing. Furthermore, these technologies offer the benefit of providing real-time continuous streams of information that serve as leading-indicators of wellbore problems to allow for early intervention. Additional research is still needed to develop best practices for the installation and operation of these technologies, as they increase cost and add additional risks that must be managed.

Hydraulic and acoustic properties of the active Alpine Fault, New Zealand: Laboratory measurements on DFDP-1 drill core

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Carpenter, B. M.; Kitajima, H.; Sutherland, R.; Townend, J.; Toy, V. G.; Saffer, D. M.

2014-03-01

We report on laboratory measurements of permeability and elastic wavespeed for a suite of samples obtained by drilling across the active Alpine Fault on the South Island of New Zealand, as part of the first phase of the Deep Fault Drilling Project (DFDP-1). We find that clay-rich cataclasite and principal slip zone (PSZ) samples exhibit low permeabilities (⩽10-18 m), and that the permeability of hanging-wall cataclasites increases (from c. 10-18 m to 10-15 m) with distance from the fault. Additionally, the PSZ exhibits a markedly lower P-wave velocity and Young's modulus relative to the wall rocks. Our laboratory data are in good agreement with in situ wireline logging measurements and are consistent with the identification of an alteration zone surrounding the PSZ defined by observations of core samples. The properties of this zone and the low permeability of the PSZ likely govern transient hydrologic processes during earthquake slip, including thermal pressurization and dilatancy strengthening.

Discriminant function analysis as tool for subsurface geologist

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chesser, K.

1987-05-01

Sedimentary structures such as cross-bedding control porosity, permeability, and other petrophysical properties in sandstone reservoirs. Understanding the distribution of such structures in the subsurface not only aids in the prediction of reservoir properties but also provides information about depositional environments. Discriminant function analysis (DFA) is a simple yet powerful method incorporating petrophysical data from wireline logs, core analyses, or other sources into groups that have been previously defined through direct observation of sedimentary structures in cores. Once data have been classified into meaningful groups, the geologist can predict the distribution of specific sedimentary structures or important reservoir properties in areasmore » where cores are unavailable. DFA is efficient. Given several variables, DFA will choose the best combination to discriminate among groups. The initial classification function can be computed from relatively few observations, and additional data may be included as necessary. Furthermore, DFA provides quantitative goodness-of-fit estimates for each observation. Such estimates can be used as mapping parameters or to assess risk in petroleum ventures. Petrophysical data from the Skinner sandstone of Strauss field in southeastern Kansas tested the ability of DFA to discriminate between cross-bedded and ripple-bedded sandstones. Petroleum production in Strauss field is largely restricted to the more permeable cross-bedded sandstones. DFA based on permeability correctly placed 80% of samples into cross-bedded or ripple-bedded groups. Addition of formation factor to the discriminant function increased correct classifications to 83% - a small but statistically significant gain.« less

Using pressure transient analysis to improve well performance and optimize field development in compartmentalized shelf margin deltaic reservoirs

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Badgett, K.L.; Crawford, G.E.; Mills, W.H.

1996-12-31

BP Exploration`s Gulf of Mexico group developed procedures to conduct effective well tests on conventional production wells and employed them during the development drilling phase of the Mississippi Canyon 109 (MC109) field. Bottomhole pressure data were recorded during the initial few weeks of production. Typically, a 48 hour pressure buildup survey (surface shut-in) was obtained near the end of data acquisition. Data from these tests were analyzed for completion efficiency, reservoir flow capacity, reservoir heterogeneities, and drainage area. Initially wells were gravel packed for sand control, until buildup interpretations indicated skins greater than 20. Frac packing technology was then employed,more » and an immediate improvement was observed with skins dropping into the teens. Over a period of time frac packs were optimized using the test derived skins as a metric. Analysis of pressure data also played an important role in identifying reservoir compartmentalization. The two major reservoir horizons at MC 109 are interpreted as shelf margin deltas. However, each of these has distinctly different compartmentalization issues. The continuous character of the G Sand made it easier to define the depositional system and investigate reservoir compartmentalization issues using a combination of well log, 3D seismic, static pressure trends, and fluid information. In the more distal deltaic reservoirs of the J Sand however, complications with seismic amplitudes and a less reliable tie between wireline and seismic data required the use of pressure transient analysis to efficiently exploit the reservoir.« less

New Era of Scientific Ocean Drilling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Eguchi, N.; Toczko, S.; Sanada, Y.; Igarashi, C.; Kubo, Y.; Maeda, L.; Sawada, I.; Takase, K.; Kyo, N.

2014-12-01

The D/V Chikyu, committed to scientific ocean drilling since 2007, has completed thirteen IODP expeditions, and Chikyu's enhanced drilling technology gives us the means to reach deep targets, enhanced well logging, deep water riserless drilling, and state of the art laboratory. Chikyu recovered core samples from 2466 meters below sea floor (mbsf) in IODP Exp. 337, and drilled to 3058.5 mbsf in IODP Exp. 348, but these are still not the limit of Chikyu's capability. As deep as these depths are, they are just halfway to the 5200 mbsf plate boundary target for the NanTroSEIZE deep riser borehole. There are several active IODP proposals in the pipeline. Each has scientific targets requiring several thousand meters of penetration below the sea floor. Riser technology is the only way to collect samples and data from that depth. Well logging has been enhanced with the adoption of riser drilling, especially for logging-while-drilling (LWD). LWD has several advantages over wireline logging, and provides more opportunities for continuous measurements even in unstable boreholes. Because of the larger diameter of riser pipes and enhanced borehole stability, Chikyu can use several state-of-the-art downhole tools, e.g. fracture tester, fluid sampling tool, wider borehole imaging, and the latest sonic tools. These new technologies and tools can potentially expand the envelope of scientific ocean drilling. Chikyu gives us access to ultra-deep water riserless drilling. IODP Exp. 343/343T investigating the March 2011 Tohoku Oki Earthquake, explored the toe of the landward slope of the Japan Trench. This expedition reached the plate boundary fault target at more than 800 mbsf in water depths over 6900 m for logging-while-drilling, coring, and observatory installation. This deep-water drilling capability also expands the scientific ocean drilling envelope and provides access to previously unreachable targets. On top of these operational capabilities, Chikyu's onboard laboratory is equipped with state-of-the-art instruments to analyze all science samples. X-ray CT creates non-destructive 3D images of core samples providing high resolution structural detail. The microbiology laboratory offers clean and contamination-free work environments required for microbiological samples.

Comparison of Fracture Gradient Methods for the FutureGen 2.0 Carbon Storage Site, Ill., USA.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Appriou, D.; Spane, F.; Wurstner White, S.; Kelley, M. E.; Sullivan, E. C.; Bonneville, A.; Gilmore, T. J.

2014-12-01

As part of a first-of-its-kind carbon dioxide storage project, FutureGen Industrial Alliance is planning to inject 1.1 MMt/yr of supercritical CO2 over a 20-year period within a 1240 m deep saline aquifer (Mount Simon Sandstone) located in Morgan County, Illinois, USA. Numerous aspects of the design and operational activities of the CO2 storage site are dependent on the geomechanical properties of the targeted reservoir zone, as well as of the overlying confining zone and the underlying crystalline Precambrian basement. Detailed determination of the state-of-stress within the subsurface is of paramount importance in successfully designing well drilling/completion aspects, as well as assessing the risk of induced seismicity and the potential for creating and/or reopening pre-existing fractures; all of which help ensure the safe long-term storage of injected CO2. The quantitative determination of the subsurface fracture gradient is one of the key geomechanical parameters for the site injection design and operational limits (e.g., maximum safe injection pressure). A characterization well drilled in 2011 provides subsurface geomechanical characterization information for the FutureGen 2.0 site, and includes: 1) continuous elastic properties inferred from sonic/acoustic wireline logs 2) discrete depth geomechanical laboratory core measurements and 3) results obtained from hydraulic fracturing tests of selected borehole/depth-intervals. In this paper, the precise fracture gradients derived from borehole geomechanical test results are compared with semi-empirical, fracture gradient calculation/relationships based on elastic property wireline surveys and laboratory geomechanical core test results. Implications for using various fracture-gradients obtained from the different methods are assessed using PNNL's subsurface multiphase flow and transport simulator STOMP-CO2. The implications for operational activities at the site (based on using different fracture gradients) are also discussed.

Seismic imaging and hydrogeologic characterization of the Potomac Formation in northern New Castle County, Delaware

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zullo, Claudia Cristina

Water supply demands of a growing population in the Coastal Plain of Delaware make detailed understanding of aquifers increasingly important. Previous studies indicate that the stratigraphy of the non-marine Potomac Formation, which includes the most important confined aquifers in the area, is complex and lithologically heterogeneous, making sands difficult to correlate. This study aimed to delineate the stratigraphic architecture of these sediments with a focus on the sand bodies that provide significant volumes of groundwater to northern Delaware. This project utilized an unconventional seismic system, a land streamer system, for collecting near-surface, high-resolution seismic reflection data on unpaved and paved public roadways. To calibrate the 20 km of seismic data to lithologies, a corehole and wireline geophysical logs were obtained. Six lithofacies (paleosols, lake, frequently flooded lake/abandoned channel, splay/levee, splay channel, fluvial channel) and their respective geophysical log patterns were identified and then correlated with the seismic data to relate seismic facies to these environments. Using seismic attribute analysis, seismic facies that correspond to four of the lithofacies were identified: fluvial channel seismic facies, paleosol seismic facies, splay/levee seismic facies, and a frequently flooded lake/abandoned channel and splay/levee combined seismic facies. Correlations for eleven horizons identified in the seismic sections and cross sections show local changes in thickness and erosional relief. The analysis of seismic facies sections provides a two-dimensional basis for detailed understanding of the stratigraphy of the Potomac Formation, and suggests an anastomosing fluvial style with poorly connected winding channel sands encased in fine-grained overbank sediments that produced a complex, labyrinth-style heterogeneity. The results indicate that the 2D lateral connectivity of the sand bodies of the Potomac Formation is limited to short distances, contrary to correlations in previous studies that have indicated connection of sands at distances of at least 3 km. The results highlight the importance of integrating multiple sources of geologic information for the interpretation of the stratigraphic architecture of non-marine sediments, and the value of roadway-based land-streamer seismic data for the interpretation of near-surface (less than 300-m-depth) aquifer sand characteristics in developed areas.

Sediment classification using neural networks: An example from the site-U1344A of IODP Expedition 323 in the Bering Sea

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ojha, Maheswar; Maiti, Saumen

2016-03-01

A novel approach based on the concept of Bayesian neural network (BNN) has been implemented for classifying sediment boundaries using downhole log data obtained during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 323 in the Bering Sea slope region. The Bayesian framework in conjunction with Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC)/hybrid Monte Carlo (HMC) learning paradigm has been applied to constrain the lithology boundaries using density, density porosity, gamma ray, sonic P-wave velocity and electrical resistivity at the Hole U1344A. We have demonstrated the effectiveness of our supervised classification methodology by comparing our findings with a conventional neural network and a Bayesian neural network optimized by scaled conjugate gradient method (SCG), and tested the robustness of the algorithm in the presence of red noise in the data. The Bayesian results based on the HMC algorithm (BNN.HMC) resolve detailed finer structures at certain depths in addition to main lithology such as silty clay, diatom clayey silt and sandy silt. Our method also recovers the lithology information from a depth ranging between 615 and 655 m Wireline log Matched depth below Sea Floor of no core recovery zone. Our analyses demonstrate that the BNN based approach renders robust means for the classification of complex lithology successions at the Hole U1344A, which could be very useful for other studies and understanding the oceanic crustal inhomogeneity and structural discontinuities.

Gas Hydrate Estimation Using Rock Physics Modeling and Seismic Inversion

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dai, J.; Dutta, N.; Xu, H.

2006-05-01

ABSTRACT We conducted a theoretical study of the effects of gas hydrate saturation on the acoustic properties (P- and S- wave velocities, and bulk density) of host rocks, using wireline log data from the Mallik wells in the Mackenzie Delta in Northern Canada. We evaluated a number of gas hydrate rock physics models that correspond to different rock textures. Our study shows that, among the existing rock physics models, the one that treats gas hydrate as part of the solid matrix best fits the measured data. This model was also tested on gas hydrate hole 995B of ODP leg 164 drilling at Blake Ridge, which shows adequate match. Based on the understanding of rock models of gas hydrates and properties of shallow sediments, we define a procedure that quantifies gas hydrate using rock physics modeling and seismic inversion. The method allows us to estimate gas hydrate directly from seismic information only. This paper will show examples of gas hydrates quantification from both 1D profile and 3D volume in the deepwater of Gulf of Mexico.

The optimized log interpretation method and sweet-spot prediction of gas-bearing shale reservoirs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tan, Maojin; Bai, Ze; Xu, Jingjing

2017-04-01

Shale gas is one of the most important unconventional oil and gas resources, and its lithology and reservoir type are both different from conventional reservoirs [1,2]. "Where are shale reservoirs" "How to determine the hydrocarbon potential" "How to evaluate the reservoir quality", these are some key problems in front of geophysicists. These are sweet spots prediction and quantitative evaluation. As we known, sweet spots of organic shale include geological sweet spot and engineering sweet spot. Geophysical well logging can provide a lot of in-site formation information along the borehole, and all parameters describing the sweet spots of organic shale are attained by geophysical log interpretation[2]. Based on geological and petrophysical characteristics of gas shale, the log response characteristics of gas shales are summarized. Geological sweet spot includes hydrocarbon potential, porosity, fracture, water saturation and total gas content, which can be calculated by using wireline logs[3]. Firstly, the based-logging hydrocarbon potential evaluation is carried out, and the RBF neural network method is developed to estimate the total organic carbon content (TOC), which was proved more effective and suitable than empirical formula and ΔlogR methods [4]. Next, the optimized log interpretation is achieved by using model-searching, and the mineral concentrations of kerogen, clay, feldspar and pyrite and porosity are calculated. On the other hand, engineering sweet spot of shale refers to the rock physical properties and rock mechanism parameters. Some elastic properties including volume module, shear modulus and Poisson's ratio are correspondingly determined from log interpretation, and the brittleness index (BI), effective stress and pore pressure are also estimated. BI is one of the most important engineering sweet spot parameters. A large number of instances show that the summarized log responses can accurately identify the gas-bearing shale, and the proposed RBF method for TOC prediction has more suitable and flexibility. The mineral contents and porosity from the optimized log interpretation are in good agreement with core XRD experiment and other core experiments. In some polite wells of Jiaoshiba area, china, some parameters in Wufeng-Longmaxi formation are calculated, and geological and engineering sweet spots are finally determined. For the best sweet spot, TOC is about 6%, the porosity is about 8%,the volume of kerogen is about 3%, total gas content is 8m3/t, and the brittleness index is about 90%, and the minimum and maximum horizon stress are about 30MPa and 45 MPa. Therefore, the optimized log interpretation provide an important support for sweet spots prediction and quantitative evaluation of shale gas. References: [1] Sondergeld CH, Ambrose RJ, Rai CS, Moncrieff J. Micro-structure studies of gas shales: in SPE 2012; 131771: 150-166. [2] Ellis D V, Singer J M. 2012. Well Logging for Earth Scientists (2rd edition): Springer Press. [3]Fertl W H, Chillngar G V. 1988. Total organic carbon content determined from well logs: SPE formation evaluation, 407-419. [4] Tan M J, Liu Q, and Zhang S. 2002. A dynamic adaptive radial basis function approach for total organic carbon content prediction in organic shale. Geophysics, 2013, 78(6): 445-459. Acknowledgments: This paper is sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1403191, 41172130), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (292015209), and National Major Projects "Development of Major Oil& Gas Fields and Coal Bed Methane" (2016ZX05014-001).

Application of MRIL-WD (Magnetic Resonance Imaging Logging While Drilling) for irreducible water saturation, total reservoir, free-fluid, bound-fluid porosity measurements and its value for the petrophysical analysis of RT/RM data from the Shah Deniz well

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Amirov, Elnur

2016-04-01

Sperry-Sun (Sperry Drilling Services) is the leader in MWD/LWD reliability, has developed the industry's first LWD NMR/MRIL-WD (nuclear magnetic resonance) tool. The MRIL-WD (magnetic resonance imaging logging-while-drilling) service directly measures the T1 component of hydrogen in subsurface rock units while drilling to obtain total reservoir porosity and to dissect the observed total porosity into its respective components of free fluid and bound fluid porosity. These T1 data are used to secure accurate total, free-fluid, capillary-bound water, and clay-bound water porosity of the reservoir sections which can be drilled in the several Runs. Over the last decade, results from Magnetic Resonance Imaging logs (NMR) have added significant value to petrophysical analysis and understanding by providing total, free-fluid and bound-fluid porosities, combined with fluid typing capabilities. With MRIL-WD very valuable Real-Time or Recorded Memory data/information is now available during or shortly after the drilling operation (formation properties measurement can be taken right after a drill bit penetration), while trip in and trip out as well. A key point in utilizing MRIL in an LWD environment is motion-tolerant measurements. Recent MRIL-WD logging runs from the Shah Deniz wells located in the Khazarian-Caspian Sea of the Azerbaijan Republic helped to delineate and assess hydrocarbon bearing zones. Acquired results demonstrate how MRIL data can be acquired while-drilling and provide reliable/high quality measurements. Magnetic Resonance Imaging logs at some developments wells have become a cornerstone in formation evaluation and petrophysical understanding. By providing total, free-fluid, and bound-fluid porosities together with fluid typing, MRIL results have significantly added to the assessment of reservoirs. In order to reduce NPT (Non-Productive Time) and save the rig operations time, there is always the desire to obtain logging results as soon as possible, preferably while the drilling of the brand new wells (logging-while-drilling, LWD). The MRIL-WD Tool can accomplish any tasks reliably and in a timely manner thus saving drilling time and reducing the overall risk for the well. Control of water production and identification of pay zones with high irreducible water saturation are also very important for formation evaluation and petrophysical analysis in oil fields located in the Azerbaijan Republic and also other fields around the world. Sometimes above-mentioned problems can cause delay in completion decisions which will create additional expenses for field management. In many wells, breakthroughs in reservoir characterization have been achieved in directly determining hydrocarbon volumes, net permeability thickness, and hydrocarbon type, thus circumventing the problems associated with obtaining wireline data and the considerable amount of rig time required (so MRIL-WD can considerably reduce the NPT). Some reservoir zones with relatively low water saturation, which calculated from the other conventional logs, can produce with relatively high percentage of water cut, primarily because much of the water is movable. However, other zones with high calculated water saturation produce water free hydrocarbons. The difficulty in predicting water production can be related with the producing from the complex lithology, which can contain low-permeability, medium- to fine-grained shaly sands. Where grains are small, the formations have high surface to volume ratios that result in high irreducible water saturation and due to this we can see low resistivity values. As a result the use of resistivity logs as pay indicator, sometimes can cause low resistivity pay zones might be overlooked and consequently net field pay could be underestimated. In the last few years, nuclear magnetic resonance logs have shown great promise in solving problems of formation evaluation that could not be directly resolved with conventional logs. The capability of MRIL-WD can help many engineers to differentiate between the immovable and movable water in oil reservoirs in many fields. Sometimes MRIL-WD have also been capable of providing better formation permeability than conventional logs, a feature which can save time and expense in well-completion decisions. The RT & RM bound fluid and total porosity measurements can provide a tremendous new insight into the formation evaluation of shaly sands and low resistivity pays. Unlike traditional porosity devices, which are affected by rock matrix changes, the MRIL-WD tool can be used in complex or mixed lithology sequences and provide measurements of porosity that are lithology independent.

Mechanical Behavior of PBO Fiber Used for Lunar Soil Sampler

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gao, Xingwen; Tang, Dewei; Yue, Honghao; Qiao, Fei; Li, Yanwei

2017-06-01

The stability of the mechanical properties of the materials used for lunar soil sampler at different temperatures is one of the key factors to ensure the success of the lunar sampling task. In this paper, two kinds of poly(pphenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole) (PBO) fiber fabric used for lunar soil sampler, flexible tube and wireline, are tested for mechanical properties. The results show that the mechanical properties of the PBO flexible tube and wireline raised 8.3% and 5.7% respectively in -194°C environment comparing with the room temperature of 25°C. When the temperature rises to 300°C, the deviation is -38.6% and -46.4% respectively.

Computer simulator for a mobile telephone system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schilling, D. L.

1981-01-01

A software simulator was developed to assist NASA in the design of the land mobile satellite service. Structured programming techniques were used by developing the algorithm using an ALCOL-like pseudo language and then encoding the algorithm into FORTRAN 4. The basic input data to the system is a sine wave signal although future plans call for actual sampled voice as the input signal. The simulator is capable of studying all the possible combinations of types and modes of calls through the use of five communication scenarios: single hop systems; double hop, signal gateway system; double hop, double gateway system; mobile to wireline system; and wireline to mobile system. The transmitter, fading channel, and interference source simulation are also discussed.

Walkaway-VSP survey using distributed optical fiber in China oilfield

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, Junjun; Yu, Gang; Zhang, Qinghong; Li, Yanpeng; Cai, Zhidong; Chen, Yuanzhong; Liu, Congwei; Zhao, Haiying; Li, Fei

2017-10-01

Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) is a new type of replacement technology for geophysical geophone. DAS system is similar to high-density surface seismic geophone array. In the stage of acquisition, DAS can obtain the full well data with one shot. And it can provide enhanced vertical seismic profile (VSP) imaging and monitor fluids and pressures changes in the hydrocarbon production reservoir. Walkaway VSP data acquired over a former producing well in north eastern China provided a rich set of very high quality data. A standard VSP data pre-processing workflow was applied, followed by pre-stack Kirchhoff time migration. In the DAS pre-processing step we were faced with additional and special challenges: strong coherent noise due to cable slapping and ringing along the borehole casing. The single well DAS Walkaway VSP images provide a good result with higher vertical and lateral resolution than the surface seismic in the objective area. This paper reports on lessons learned in the handling of the wireline cable and subsequent special DAS data processing steps developed to remediate some of the practical wireline deployment issues. Optical wireline cable as a conveyance of fiber optic cables for VSP in vertical wells will open the use of the DAS system to much wider applications.

Recent Developments and Adaptations in Diamond Wireline Core Drilling Technology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Thomas, D. M.; Nielson, D. L.; Howell, B. B.; Pardey, M.

2001-05-01

Scientific drilling using diamond wireline technology is presently undergoing a significant expansion and extension of activities that has allowed us to recover geologic samples that have heretofore been technically or financially unattainable. Under the direction and management of DOSECC, a high-capacity hybrid core drilling system was designed and fabricated for the Hawaii Scientific Drilling Project (HSDP) in 1998. This system, the DOSECC Hybrid Coring System (DHCS), has the capacity to recover H-sized core from depths of more than 6 km. In 1999, the DHCS completed the first phase of the HSDP to a depth of 3100 m at a substantially lower cost per foot than any previous scientific borehole to comparable depths and, in the process, established a new depth record for recovery of H-sized wireline core. This system has been offered for use in the Unzen Scientific Drilling Project, the Chicxulub (impact crater) Scientific Drilling Project, and the Geysers Deep Geothermal Reservoir Project. More recently, DOSECC has developed a smaller barge-mounted wireline core drilling system, the GLAD800, that is capable of recovering P-sized sediment core to depths of up to 800 m. The GLAD800 has been successfully deployed on Great Salt Lake and Bear Lake in Utah and is presently being mobilized to Lake Titicaca in South America for an extensive core recovery effort there. The coring capabilities of the GLAD800 system will be available to the global lakes drilling community for acquisition of sediment cores from many of the world's deep lakes for use in calibrating and refining global climate models. Presently under development by DOSECC is a heave-compensation system that will allow us to expand the capabilities of the moderate depth coring system to allow us to collect sediment and bottom core from the shallow marine environment. The design and capabilities of these coring systems will be presented along with a discussion of their potential applications for addressing a range of earth sciences questions.

47 CFR 11.1 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... broadcast stations, digital broadcast stations, analog cable systems, digital cable systems, wireline video systems, wireless cable systems, Direct Broadcast Satellite (DBS) services, Satellite Digital Audio Radio...

High Resolution Vertical Seismic Profile from the Chicxulub IODP/ICDP Expedition 364 Borehole: Wave Speeds and Seismic Reflectivity.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nixon, C.; Kofman, R.; Schmitt, D. R.; Lofi, J.; Gulick, S. P. S.; Christeson, G. L.; Saustrup, S., Sr.; Morgan, J. V.

2017-12-01

We acquired a closely-spaced vertical seismic profile (VSP) in the Chicxulub K-Pg Impact Crater drilling program borehole to calibrate the existing surface seismic profiles and provide complementary measurements of in situ seismic wave speeds. Downhole seismic records were obtained at spacings ranging from 1.25 m to 5 m along the borehole from 47.5 m to 1325 mwsf (meters wireline below sea floor) (Fig 1a) using a Sercel SlimwaveTM geophone chain (University of Alberta). The seismic source was a 30/30ci Sercel Mini GI airgun (University of Texas), fired a minimum of 5 times per station. Seismic data processing used a combination of a commercial processing package (Schlumberger's VISTA) and MatlabTM codes. The VSP displays detailed reflectivity (Fig. 1a) with the strongest reflection seen at 600 mwsf (280 ms one-way time), geologically corresponding to the sharp contact between the post-impact sediments and the target peak ring rock, thus confirming the pre-drilling interpretations of the seismic profiles. A two-way time trace extracted from the separated up-going wavefield matches the major reflection both in travel time and character. In the granitic rocks that form the peak ring of the Chicxulub impact crater, we observe P-wave velocities of 4000-4500 m/s which are significantly less than the expected values of granitoids ( 6000 m/s) (Fig. 1b). The VSP measured wave speeds are confirmed against downhole sonic logging and in laboratory velocimetry measurements; these data provide additional evidence that the crustal material displaced by the impact experienced a significant amount of damage. Samples and data provided by IODP. Samples can be requested at http://web.iodp.tamu.edu/sdrm after 19 October 2017. Expedition 364 was jointly funded by ECORD, ICDP, and IODP with contributions and logistical support from the Yucatan State Government and UNAM. The downhole seismic chain and wireline system is funded by grants to DRS from the Canada Foundation for Innovation and the Alberta Enterprise and Advanced Education Grants Program.

Modeling complex aquifer systems: a case study in Baton Rouge, Louisiana (USA)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pham, Hai V.; Tsai, Frank T.-C.

2017-05-01

This study targets two challenges in groundwater model development: grid generation and model calibration for aquifer systems that are fluvial in origin. Realistic hydrostratigraphy can be developed using a large quantity of well log data to capture the complexity of an aquifer system. However, generating valid groundwater model grids to be consistent with the complex hydrostratigraphy is non-trivial. Model calibration can also become intractable for groundwater models that intend to match the complex hydrostratigraphy. This study uses the Baton Rouge aquifer system, Louisiana (USA), to illustrate a technical need to cope with grid generation and model calibration issues. A grid generation technique is introduced based on indicator kriging to interpolate 583 wireline well logs in the Baton Rouge area to derive a hydrostratigraphic architecture with fine vertical discretization. Then, an upscaling procedure is developed to determine a groundwater model structure with 162 layers that captures facies geometry in the hydrostratigraphic architecture. To handle model calibration for such a large model, this study utilizes a derivative-free optimization method in parallel computing to complete parameter estimation in a few months. The constructed hydrostratigraphy indicates the Baton Rouge aquifer system is fluvial in origin. The calibration result indicates hydraulic conductivity for Miocene sands is higher than that for Pliocene to Holocene sands and indicates the Baton Rouge fault and the Denham Springs-Scotlandville fault to be low-permeability leaky aquifers. The modeling result shows significantly low groundwater level in the "2,000-foot" sand due to heavy pumping, indicating potential groundwater upward flow from the "2,400-foot" sand.

Modeling CO 2 Sequestration in Saline Aquifer and Depleted Oil Reservoir To Evaluate Regional CO 2 Sequestration Potential of Ozark Plateau Aquifer System, South-Central Kansas

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Watney, W. Lynn

2014-09-30

1. Drilled, cored, and logged three wells to the basement and collecting more than 2,700 ft of conventional core; obtained 20 m i2 of multicomponent 3D seismic imaging and merged and reprocessed more than 125 mi 2 of existing 3D seismic data for use in modeling CO 2- EOR oil recovery and CO 2 storage in five oil fields in southern Kansas. 2. Determined the technical feasibility of injecting and sequestering CO 2 in a set of four depleted oil reservoirs in the Cutter, Pleasant Prairie South, Eubank, and Shuck fields in southwest Kansas; of concurrently recovering oil from thosemore » fields; and of quantifying the volumes of CO2 sequestered and oil recovered during the process. 3. Formed a consortium of six oil operating companies, five of which own and operate the four fields. The consortium became part of the Southwest Kansas CO 2-EOR Initiative for the purpose of sharing data, knowledge, and interest in understanding the potential for CO 2-EOR in Kansas. 4. Built a regional well database covering 30,000 mi 2 and containing stratigraphic tops from ~90,000 wells; correlated 30 major stratigraphic horizons; digitized key wells, including wireline logs and sample logs; and analyzed more than 3,000 drill stem tests to establish that fluid levels in deep aquifers below the Permian evaporites are not connected to the surface and therefore pressures are not hydrostatic. Connectivity with the surface aquifers is lacking because shale aquitards and impermeable evaporite layers consist of both halite and anhydrite. 5. Developed extensive web applications and an interactive mapping system that do the following: a. Facilitate access to a wide array of data obtained in the study, including core descriptions and analyses, sample logs, digital (LAS) well logs, seismic data, gravity and magnetics maps, structural and stratigraphic maps, inferred fault traces, earthquakes, Class I and II disposal wells, and surface lineaments. b. Provide real-time analysis of the project dataset, including automated integration and viewing of well logs, core, core analyses, brine chemistry, and stratigraphy using the Java Profile app. A cross-section app allows for the display of log data for up to four wells at a time. 6. Integrated interpretations from the project’s interactive web-based mapping system to gain insights to aid in assessing the efficacy of geologic CO 2 storage in Kansas and insights toward understanding recent seismicity to aid in evaluating induced vs. naturally occurring earthquakes. 7. Developed a digital type-log system, including web-based software to modify and refine stratigraphic nomenclature to provide stakeholders a common means for communication about the subsurface. 8. Contracted use of a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) log and ran it slowly to capture response and characterize larger pores common for carbonate reservoirs. Used NMR to extend core analyses to apply permeability, relative permeability to CO 2, and capillary pressure to the major rock types, each uniquely expressed as a reservoir quality index (RQI), present in the Mississippian and Arbuckle rocks. 9. Characterized and evaluated the possible role of microbes in dense brines. Used microbes to compliment H/O stable isotopes to fingerprint brine systems. Used perforation/swabbing to obtain samples from multiple hydrostratigraphic units and confirmed equivalent results using less expensive drill stem tests (DST). 10. Used an integrated approach from whole core, logs, tests, and seismic to verify and quantify properties of vuggy, brecciated, and fractured carbonate intervals. 11. Used complex geocellular static and dynamic models to evaluate regional storage capacity using large parallel processing. 12. Carbonates are complex reservoirs and CO 2-EOR needs to move to the next generation to increase effectiveness of CO 2 and efficiency and safety of the injection.« less

Quantitative Characterisation of Fracturing Around the Damage Zone Surrounding New Zealand's Alpine Fault Using X-ray CT Scans of DFDP-1 Core

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Williams, J. N.; Toy, V.; Massiot, C.; Mcnamara, D. D.; Wang, T.

2015-12-01

X-ray computer tomography (CT) scans of core recovered from the first phase of the Deep Fault Drilling Project (DFDP-1) through the Alpine Fault provide an excellent opportunity to analyse brittle deformation around the fault. In particular, assessment can be made of the heavily fractured protolith constituting the damage zone. Damage zone structures are divided into two types that result from two distinct processes: (1) "off fault damage" formed by stress changes induced by the passage of a seismic rupture and (2) "off fault deformation" that represent structures, which accommodate strain around the fault that was not localised on the principal slip zone (PSZ). The distribution of these damage zones structures within CT scans of the recovered core was measured along a scanline parallel to the core axis and assessed using a weighted moving average technique to account for orientation bias. The results of this analysis reveal that within the part of the fault rocks sampled by DFDP-1 there is no increase in density of these structures towards the PSZ. This is in agreement with independent analysis using Borehole Televiewer Data of the DFDP-1B borehole. Instead, we consider the density of these structures to be controlled to the first order by lithology, which modulates the mechanical properties of the fault rocks such as its frictional strength and cohesion. Comparisons of fracture density to p-wave velocities obtained from wireline logs indicate they are independent of each other, therefore, for the cores sampled in this study fractures impart no influence on the elastic properties of the rock. This is consistent with the observation from core that the majority of fractures are cemented. We consider how this might influence future rupture dynamics.

7 CFR 1735.12 - Nonduplication.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... GENERAL POLICIES, TYPES OF LOANS, LOAN REQUIREMENTS-TELECOMMUNICATIONS PROGRAM Loan Purposes and Basic... of existing wireline local exchange service or similar fixed-station voice service. RUS may finance...

Geophysical logs and water-quality data collected for boreholes Kimama-1A and -1B, and a Kimama water supply well near Kimama, southern Idaho

USGS Publications Warehouse

Twining, Brian V.; Bartholomay, Roy C.

2011-01-01

In September 2010, a research consortium led by scientists from Utah State University began drilling the first of three continuously cored boreholes on the Snake River Plain in southern Idaho. The goals of this effort, the Snake River Scientific Drilling Project, are to study the interaction between the Earth's crust and mantle, to identify potential geothermal energy sources, and to track the evolution of the Yellowstone hotspot on the Snake River Plain. The first borehole, located near Kimama, Idaho, is about 50 miles southwest of the U.S. Department of Energy's Idaho National Laboratory. Because geohydrologic data are scarce for that area of the central Snake River Plain, the Kimama borehole, completed in January 2011, provided a unique opportunity to collect geophysical and water-chemistry data from the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer system, downgradient of the laboratory. Therefore, in conjunction with the Snake River Scientific Drilling Project, scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey's Idaho National Laboratory Project Office conducted geophysical logging and collected water samples at the Kimama site. Wireline geophysical logs were collected for the diverging borehole, Kimama-1A and -1B, from land surface to 976 and 2,498 feet below land surface (BLS), respectively. Water samples were collected from Kimama-1A at depths near 460 and 830 feet BLS, and from the Kimama Water Supply (KWS) well located about 75 feet away. Geophysical log data included a composite of natural gamma, neutron, gamma-gamma dual density, and gyroscopic analysis for boreholes Kimama-1A and -1B. Geophysical logs depicted eight sediment layers (excluding surficial sediment) ranging from 4 to 60 feet in thickness. About 155 individual basalt flows were identified, ranging from less than 3 feet to more than 175 feet in thickness (averaging 15 feet) for borehole Kimama-1B (0 to 2,498 feet BLS). Sediment and basalt contacts were selected based on geophysical traces and were confirmed with visual inspection of core photographs. Temperature logs from the water table surface (about 260 feet BLS) to the bottom of borehole Kimama-1B (2,498 feet BLS) were nearly isothermal, ranging from about 62 to 64 degrees Fahrenheit. Gyroscopic data revealed that borehole Kimama-1B begins to separate from borehole Kimama-1A near a depth of 676 feet BLS. Drillhole azimuth and horizontal deviation at total logged depth for boreholes Kimama-1A and -1B were 172.6 and 188.3 degrees and 25.9 and 82.0 feet, respectively. Water samples were collected and analyzed for common ions; selected trace elements; nutrients; isotopes of hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon; and selected radionuclides. One set of water samples was collected from the KWS well and the two other sample sets were collected from borehole Kimama-1A near 460 and 830 feet BLS. With one exception, data for all three zones sampled near Kimama generally indicated that the water chemistry was similar. The exception was found in the deepest zone in borehole Kimama-1A (830 feet BLS) where concentrations probably were affected by the drilling mud. A comparison of the inorganic, organic, and stable chemistry data between the KWS well and the 460-foot zone in borehole Kimama-1A indicated similar chemistry of the aquifer water, except for some variability with nitrate plus nitrite, orthophosphate, iron, zinc, and carbon-14. Radionuclide concentrations were either less than reporting levels or at background levels for the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer.

Wireless intelligent network: infrastructure before services?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chu, Narisa N.

1996-01-01

The Wireless Intelligent Network (WIN) intends to take advantage of the Advanced Intelligent Network (AIN) concepts and products developed from wireline communications. However, progress of the AIN deployment has been slow due to the many barriers that exist in the traditional wireline carriers' deployment procedures and infrastructure. The success of AIN has not been truly demonstrated. The AIN objectives and directions are applicable to the wireless industry although the plans and implementations could be significantly different. This paper points out WIN characteristics in architecture, flexibility, deployment, and value to customers. In order to succeed, the technology driven AIN concept has to be reinforced by the market driven WIN services. An infrastructure suitable for the WIN will contain elements that are foreign to the wireline network. The deployment process is expected to seed with the revenue generated services. Standardization will be achieved by simplifying and incorporating the IS-41C, AIN, and Intelligent Network CS-1 recommendations. Integration of the existing and future systems impose the biggest challenge of all. Service creation has to be complemented with service deployment process which heavily impact the carriers' infrastructure. WIN deployment will likely start from an Intelligent Peripheral, a Service Control Point and migrate to a Service Node when sufficient triggers are implemented in the mobile switch for distributed call control. The struggle to move forward will not be based on technology, but rather on the impact to existing infrastructure.

7 CFR 1735.10 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... hardship loans, RUS cost-of-money loans, or RTB loans for any wireline local exchange service or similar... provide mobile telecommunications services or special telecommunications services shall be considered to...

7 CFR 1735.10 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... hardship loans, RUS cost-of-money loans, or RTB loans for any wireline local exchange service or similar... provide mobile telecommunications services or special telecommunications services shall be considered to...

7 CFR 1735.10 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... hardship loans, RUS cost-of-money loans, or RTB loans for any wireline local exchange service or similar... provide mobile telecommunications services or special telecommunications services shall be considered to...

30 CFR 250.1500 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... well that are intended to establish or restore production to a well. It includes small tubing operations but does not include well servicing. Well servicing means snubbing, coil tubing, and wireline...

Linking downhole logging data with geology and drilling /coring operations - Example from Chicxulub Expedition 364.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lofi, Johanna; Smith, Dave; Delahunty, Chris; Le Ber, Erwan; Mellet, Claire; Brun, Laurent; Henry, Gilles; Paris, Jehanne

2017-04-01

Expedition 364 was a joint IODP/ICDP mission specific platform expedition to explore the Chicxulub impact crater buried below the Yucatán continental shelf. In April and May 2016, our Expedition drilled a single borehole at Site M0077A into the crater's peak ring. It allowed recovering 303 excellent quality cores from 505.7 to 1334.7 meters below sea floor and acquiring more than 5.8 km of high resolution open hole logs. Downhole logs are rapidly collected, continuous with depth, and measured in situ; these data are classically interpreted in terms of stratigraphy, lithology, porosity, fluid content, geochemical composition and structure of the formation drilled. Downhole logs also allow assessing borehole quality (eg. shape and trajectory), and can provide assistance for decision support during drilling operations. In this work, Expedition 364 downhole logs are used to improve our understanding of the drilling/coring operation history. Differentiating between natural geological features and borehole artifacts are also critical for data quality assessment. The set of downhole geophysical tools used during Expedition 364 was constrained by the scientific objectives, drilling/coring technique, hole conditions and temperature at the drill site. Wireline logging data were acquired with slimline tools in three logging phases at intervals 0-503, 506-699 and 700-1334 mbsf. Logs were recorded either with standalone logging tools or, for the first time in IODP, with stackable slimline tools. Log data included total gamma radiation, sonic velocity, acoustic and optical borehole images, resistivity, conductivity, magnetic susceptibility, caliper and borehole fluid parameters. The majority of measurements were performed in open borehole conditions. During the drilling operations some problems were encountered directly linked to the geology of the drilled formation. For example, two zones of mud circulation losses correlate in depth with the presence of karst cavities or open faults, as evidenced from borehole wall images. Both form conduits probably open at a large scale as suggested by associated anomalies in the borehole fluid temperature profiles. When coring the basement, pieces of metal trapped outside the drill bit apparently led to an increase of the borehole tilt as well as to an enlargement of the hole, although this later remained sub-circular. In the post impact carbonates, 6-7 m long apparent cyclic oscillations in the magnetic field coupled to a spiral shape trajectory of the same wavelength suggest drilling induced artifacts and formation re-magnetization. Acknowledgements: Expedition 364 was funded by IODP with co-funding from ICDP and implemented by ECORD, with contributions and logistical support from the Yucatán state government and Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Drilling Services were provided by DOSECC Exploration Services. The downhole logging program was coordinated by EPC, as part of ESO. Expedition 364 Scientists: S. Gulick, J.V. Morgan, E. Chenot, G. Christeson, P. Claeys, C. Cockell, M.J. L. Coolen, L. Ferrière, C. Gebhardt, K. Goto, H. Jones, D.A. Kring, J. Lofi, X. Long, C. Lowery, C. Mellett, R. Ocampo-Torres, L. Perez-Cruz, A. Pickersgill, M. Poelchau, A. Rae, C. Rasmussen, M. Rebolledo-Vieyra, U. Riller, H. Sato, J. Smit, S. Tikoo, N. Tomioka, M. Whalen, A. Wittmann, J. Urrutia-Fucugauchi, K.E. Yamaguchi, W. Zylberman.

7 CFR 1735.10 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... cost-of-money loans, or RTB loans for any wireline local exchange service or similar fixed-station... plan is not technically or economically feasible. (c) A borrower receiving a loan to provide mobile...

7 CFR 1735.10 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... cost-of-money loans, or RTB loans for any wireline local exchange service or similar fixed-station... plan is not technically or economically feasible. (c) A borrower receiving a loan to provide mobile...

47 CFR 61.33 - Letters of transmittal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... inches (21.6 cm×27.9 cm) in size. All letters of transmittal must (1) Concisely explain the nature and... No. Secretary, Federal Communications Commission; Washington, DC 20554 Attention: Wireline...

Scientific results of the Second Gas Hydrate Drilling Expedition in the Ulleung Basin (UBGH2)

USGS Publications Warehouse

Ryu, Byong-Jae; Collett, Timothy S.; Riedel, Michael; Kim, Gil-Young; Chun, Jong-Hwa; Bahk, Jang-Jun; Lee, Joo Yong; Kim, Ji-Hoon; Yoo, Dong-Geun

2013-01-01

As a part of Korean National Gas Hydrate Program, the Second Ulleung Basin Gas Hydrate Drilling Expedition (UBGH2) was conducted from 9 July to 30 September, 2010 in the Ulleung Basin, East Sea, offshore Korea using the D/V Fugro Synergy. The UBGH2 was performed to understand the distribution of gas hydrates as required for a resource assessment and to find potential candidate sites suitable for a future offshore production test, especially targeting gas hydrate-bearing sand bodies in the basin. The UBGH2 sites were distributed across most of the basin and were selected to target mainly sand-rich turbidite deposits. The 84-day long expedition consisted of two phases. The first phase included logging-while-drilling/measurements-while-drilling (LWD/MWD) operations at 13 sites. During the second phase, sediment cores were collected from 18 holes at 10 of the 13 LWD/MWD sites. Wireline logging (WL) and vertical seismic profile (VSP) data were also acquired after coring operations at two of these 10 sites. In addition, seafloor visual observation, methane sensing, as well as push-coring and sampling using a Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) were conducted during both phases of the expedition. Recovered gas hydrates occurred either as pore-filling medium associated with discrete turbidite sand layers, or as fracture-filling veins and nodules in muddy sediments. Gas analyses indicated that the methane within the sampled gas hydrates is primarily of biogenic origin. This paper provides a summary of the operational and scientific results of the UBGH2 expedition as described in 24 papers that make up this special issue of the Journal of Marine and Petroleum Geology.

Slump dominated upper slope reservoir facies, Intra Qua Iboe (Pliocene), Edop Field, offshore Nigeria

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shanmugam, G.; Hermance, W.E.; Olaifa, J.O.

An integration of sedimentologic and 3D seismic data provides a basis for unraveling complex depositional processes and sand distribution of the Intra Qua Iboe (IQI) reservoir (Pliocene), Edop Field, offshore Nigeria. Nearly 3,000 feet of conventional core was examined in interpreting slump/slide/debris flow, bottom current, turbidity current, pelagic/hemipelagic, wave and tide dominated facies. The IQI was deposited on an upper slope in close proximity to the shelf edge. Through time, as the shelf edge migrated seaward, deposition began with a turbidite channel dominated slope system (IQI 1 and 2) and progressed through a slump/debris flow dominated slope system (IQI 3,more » the principal reservoir) to a tide and wave dominated, collapsed shelf-edge deltaic system (IQI 4). Using seismic time slices and corresponding depositional facies in the core, a sandy {open_quotes}fairway{open_quotes} has been delineated in the IQI 3. Because of differences in stacking patterns of sandy and muddy slump intervals, seismic facies show: (1) both sheet-like and mounded external forms (geometries), and (2) parallel/continuous as well as chaotic/hummocky internal reflections. In wireline logs, slump facies exhibits blocky, coarsening-up, fining-up, and serrated motifs. In the absence of conventional core, slump facies may be misinterpreted and even miscorrelated because seismic facies and log motifs of slumps and debris flows tend to mimic properties of turbidite fan deposits. The slump dominated reservoir facies is composed of unconsolidated fine-grained sand. Thickness of individual units varies from 1 to 34 feet, but amalgamated intervals reach a thickness of up to 70 feet and apparently form connected sand bodies. Porosity commonly ranges from 20 to 35%. Horizontal permeability commonly ranges from 1,000 to 3,000 md.« less

Can We Estimate Injected Carbon Dioxide Prior to the Repeat Survey in 4D Seismic Monitoring Scheme?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sakai, A.

2005-12-01

To mitigate global climate change, the geologic sequestration by injecting carbon dioxide in the aquifer and others is one of the most promising scenarios. Monitoring is required to verify the long-term safe storage of carbon dioxide in the subsurface. As evidenced in the oil industry, monitoring by time-lapse 3D seismic survey is the most effective to spatially detect fluid movements and change of pore pressure. We have conducted 3D seismic survey onshore Japan surrounding RITE/METI Iwanohara carbon dioxide injection test site. Target aquifer zone is at 1100m deep in the Pleistocene layer with 60m thick and most permeable zone is approx. 12m thick. Baseline 3D seismic survey was conducted in July-August 2003 and a monitor 3D seismic survey was in July-August 2005 by vibrating source with 10-120Hz sweep frequency band. Prior to the monitor survey, we evaluated seismic data with integrating wireline logging data. As target carbon dioxide injection layer is thin, high-resolution seismic data is required to estimate potential spreading of injected carbon dioxide. To increase seismic resolution, spectrally enhancing method was in use. The procedure is smoothing number of seismic spectral amplitude, computing well log spectrum, and constructing matching filter between seismic and well spectrum. Then it was applied to the whole seismic traces after evaluating test traces. Synthetic seismograms from logging data were computed with extracting optimal wavelets. Fitting between spectrally enhanced seismic traces and synthetic seismograms was excellent even for deviated monitor wells. Acoustic impedance was estimated by inversion of these 3D seismic traces. In analyzing logging data of sonic, density, CMR, and others, the elastic wave velocity was reconstructed by rock physics approach after estimating compositions. Based on models, velocity changes by carbon dioxide injection was evaluated. The correlation of acoustic impedance with porosity and logarithmic permeability was good and relying on this relation and geological constraints with inversion techniques, porosity and permeability was estimated in 3D volume. If the carbon dioxide movement was solely controlled by permeability, estimated permeability volume might predict the time-lapse seismic data prior to a repeat survey. We compare the estimate with the actual 4D changes and discuss related variations.

Present-day stress state analysis on the Big Island of Hawaíi, USA

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pierdominici, Simona; Kueck, Jochem; Millett, John; Planke, Sverre; Jerram, Dougal A.; Haskins, Eric; Thomas, Donald

2017-04-01

We analyze and interpret the stress features from a c. 1.5 km deep fully cored borehole (PTA2) on the Big Island of Hawaíi within the Humúula saddle region, between the Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa volcanoes. The Big Island of Hawaii comprises the largest and youngest island of the Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain and is volumetrically dominated by shield stage tholeiitic volcanic rocks. Mauna Kea is dormant whereas Mauna Loa is still active. There are also a series of normal faults on Mauna Loa's northern and western slopes, between its two major rift zones, that are believed to be the result of combined circumferential tension from the two rift zones and from added pressure due to the westward growth of the neighboring Kīlauea volcano. The PTA2 borehole was drilled in 2013 into lava dominated formation (Pahoehoe and Aā) as part of the Humúula Groundwater Research Project (HGPR) with the purpose of characterizing the groundwater resource potential in this area. In 2016 two downhole logging campaigns were performed by the Operational Support Group of the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) to acquire a set of geophysical data as part of the Volcanic Margin Petroleum Prospectivity (VMAPP) project. The main objective of the logging campaign was to obtain high quality wireline log data to enable a detailed core-log integration of the volcanic sequence and to improve understanding of the subsurface expression of volcanic rocks. We identify stress features (e.g. borehole breakouts) and volcanic structures (e.g. flow boundaries, vesicles and jointing) at depth using borehole images acquired with an ABI43 acoustic borehole televiewer. We analyzed and interpreted the stress indicators and compared their orientation with the regional stress pattern. We identified a set of stress indicators along the hole dominantly concentrated within the lower logged interval of the PTA2 borehole. Two primary horizontal stress indicators have been taken into account: borehole breakouts (bidirectional enlargements) (BB) and drilling induced tensile fractures (DIF). BB and DIF occur when the stresses around the borehole exceed the compressive and tensile yield stress of the borehole wall rock respectively causing failure. A breakout is caused by the development of intersecting conjugate shear planes that cause pieces of the borehole wall to spall off. For a breakout to develop, the stress concentration around a vertical borehole is largest in the direction of the minimum horizontal stress. Hence, BB develops approximately parallel to the orientation of the minimum horizontal stress. For the DIF, the stress concentration around a vertical borehole is at a minimum in the maximum horizontal stress direction. Hence, DIF develop approximately parallel to the orientation of the maximum horizontal stress. Based on the World Stress Map, the present-day stress in this area is defined only by focal mechanism solutions. These data give a unique opportunity to characterize the orientation of the present-day stress field between two large volume shield volcanoes on an active volcanic island using a different approach and stress indicators.

78 FR 45533 - Data on Service Contracts Included in Record of Inmate Calling Service Rates Proceeding

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-29

..., Pricing Policy Division, (202) 418-1520 or [email protected] . SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: This is... Communications Commission. Kalpak Gude, Division Chief, Pricing Policy Division, Wireline Competition Bureau...

47 CFR 11.1 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... broadcast stations, digital broadcast stations, analog cable systems, digital cable systems, wireline video systems, wireless cable systems, Direct Broadcast Satellite (DBS) services, Satellite Digital Audio Radio... local government, or their designated representatives, with a means of emergency communication with the...

Analytic Simulation of the Elastic Waves Propagation in the Neighborhood of Fluid Filled Wells with Monopole Sources

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ávila-Carrera, R.; Sánchez-Sesma, F. J.; Spurlin, James H.; Valle-Molina, C.; Rodríguez-Castellanos, A.

2014-09-01

An analytic formulation to understand the scattering, diffraction and attenuation of elastic waves at the neighborhood of fluid filled wells is presented. An important, and not widely exploited, technique to carefully investigate the wave propagation in exploration wells is the logging of sonic waveforms. Fundamental decisions and production planning in petroleum reservoirs are made by interpretation of such recordings. Nowadays, geophysicists and engineers face problems related to the acquisition and interpretation under complex conditions associated with conducting open-hole measurements. A crucial problem that directly affects the response of sonic logs is the eccentricity of the measuring tool with respect to the center of the borehole. Even with the employment of centralizers, this simple variation, dramatically changes the physical conditions on the wave propagation around the well. Recent works in the numerical field reported advanced studies in modeling and simulation of acoustic wave propagation around wells, including complex heterogeneities and anisotropy. However, no analytical efforts have been made to formally understand the wireline sonic logging measurements acquired with borehole-eccentered tools. In this paper, the Graf's addition theorem was used to describe monopole sources in terms of solutions of the wave equation. The formulation was developed from the three-dimensional discrete wave-number method in the frequency domain. The cylindrical Bessel functions of the third kind and order zero were re-derived to obtain a simplified set of equations projected into a bi-dimensional plane-space for displacements and stresses. This new and condensed analytic formulation allows the straightforward calculation of all converted modes and their visualization in the time domain via Fourier synthesis. The main aim was to obtain spectral surfaces of transfer functions and synthetic seismograms that might be useful to understand the wave motion produced by the eccentricity of the source and explain in detail the new arising borehole propagation modes. Finally, time histories and amplitude spectra for relevant examples are presented and the validation of time traces using the spectral element method is reported.

New insights on late stage volcanism in the Pigafetta basin, western Pacific

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stadler, T.; Tominaga, M.

2014-12-01

We document observations of late stage volcanism in the western Pacific Pigafetta Basin by integrating previously published and new multichannel seismic (MCS) reflection profiles, Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) drill core, and well log data. We examine data from three seismic experiments (FM35-12, MESOPAC II, and MTr5) conducted in the Pigafetta Basin, one of the oldest, deepest abyssal basins in the world, where crustal age is suggested to range from M29 (~157 Ma) to M44 (~169.8 Ma) based on Japanese Mesozoic magnetic lineations. We use a total of ~2150 km of MCS lines along with core and wire-line logging data from ODP Hole 801C. As a basis for our interpretation, we use previously defined seismic stratigraphy for the Pigafetta Basin, including Horizon B (basement) and lower transparent unit (volcaniclastic turbidites) terminology. We build synthetic seismograms from density and p-wave velocity logs using OpendTect v 4.6.0 tie well to seismic feature. We then incorporate energy and similarity attributes of the MCS profiles with the modeled seismogram to correlate reflectors to ODP Hole 801C lithostratigraphy. From this correlation, to be consistent with previous studies, we assign lithology and age to prominent sedimentary and basement reflectors throughout all survey lines. We characterize widely distributed deformation of Horizon B and lower sedimentary unit reflectors based on coherency of wiggle traces, lateral and vertical energy attenuation, and dip of reflectors over a range of scales (>10 km to <1 km). Our findings provide new evidence of late stage volcanism occurring in the Pigafetta Basin during the mid-Cretaceous (110 - 90 Ma). We classify late stage volcanism into 3 types of volcanic related features: (1) seamounts, (2) sills, and (3) vertical seismic disturbance zones (<<1 km wide) characterized by bilateral upward drag of reflectors (indicating a thin, vertical volcanic intrusion). The distribution of these features provide new insights into Cretaceous volcanism in the Pigafetta Basin: (i) late stage volcanism is more widely distributed and younger than previously reported, (ii) findings indicate a local source of magma, and (iii) the modes of volcanism differ from previously documented flood basalts and massive flows.

Microseismic Monitoring of the Mounds Drill Cuttings Injection Tests

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Branagan, P.T.; Mahrer, K.D.; Moschovidis, Z.A.

This paper describes the microseismic mapping of repeated injections of drill cuttings into two separate formations at a test site near Mounds, OK. Injections were performed in sandstone and shale formations at depths of 830 and 595 m, respectively. Typical injection disposal was simulated using multiple small-volume injections over a three-day period, with long shut-in periods interspersed between the injections. Microseismic monitoring was achieved using a 5-level array of wireline-run, triaxial- accelerometer receivers in a monitor well 76 m from the disposed well. Results of the mapped microseismic locations showed that the disposal domti W= generally aligns with the majormore » horizontal stress with some variations in azimuth and that wide variations in height and length growth occurred with continued injections. These experiments show that the cuttings injection process cm be adequately monitored from a downhole, wireline-run receiver array, thus providing process control and environmental assurance.« less

75 FR 40833 - Sunshine Act Meeting; Open Commission Meeting; Thursday, July 15, 2010

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-14

... OFFICE OF TITLE: Fixed and ENGINEERING AND Mobile services TECHNOLOGY, in the Mobile WIRELESS TELE... investment in the 2 GHz, Big LEO, and L-bands of the Mobile Satellite Service. 3 WIRELINE TITLE: Electronic...

75 FR 19559 - Public Safety and Homeland Security Bureau Seeks Informal Comment Regarding Revisions to the...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-15

..., cell phones and electronic highway signs. CAP will also allow an alert initiator to send alerts... CAP-formatted alerts delivered via any new delivery systems, whether wireline, internet, satellite, or...

7 CFR 1751.101 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM PLANNING AND DESIGN CRITERIA, AND PROCEDURES State Telecommunications Modernization Plan... Plan must, at a minimum, apply to RUS Borrowers' wireline service areas. If a Modernization Plan is...

Comparison of four approaches to a rock facies classification problem

USGS Publications Warehouse

Dubois, M.K.; Bohling, Geoffrey C.; Chakrabarti, S.

2007-01-01

In this study, seven classifiers based on four different approaches were tested in a rock facies classification problem: classical parametric methods using Bayes' rule, and non-parametric methods using fuzzy logic, k-nearest neighbor, and feed forward-back propagating artificial neural network. Determining the most effective classifier for geologic facies prediction in wells without cores in the Panoma gas field, in Southwest Kansas, was the objective. Study data include 3600 samples with known rock facies class (from core) with each sample having either four or five measured properties (wire-line log curves), and two derived geologic properties (geologic constraining variables). The sample set was divided into two subsets, one for training and one for testing the ability of the trained classifier to correctly assign classes. Artificial neural networks clearly outperformed all other classifiers and are effective tools for this particular classification problem. Classical parametric models were inadequate due to the nature of the predictor variables (high dimensional and not linearly correlated), and feature space of the classes (overlapping). The other non-parametric methods tested, k-nearest neighbor and fuzzy logic, would need considerable improvement to match the neural network effectiveness, but further work, possibly combining certain aspects of the three non-parametric methods, may be justified. ?? 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

North Dakota`s Dickinson Lodgepole discovery: A Preliminary exploration model

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

LeFever, J.A.; Halabura, S.P.; Martiniuk, C.D.

1995-08-14

Interest in the Mississippian Lodgepole formation of North Dakota has intensified since the successful completion of the Duncan Oil Inc. 1-11 Knopik flowing 2,707 b/d of oil and 1.55 MMcfd of gas 430 cu m of oil and 43,891 cu m of gas. The play began when Conoco drilled an in-field wildcat in an attempt to establish deeper production in Dickinson oil field. The discovery well, 74 Dickinson State, was completed in a clean lower Lodgepole limestone section that is thought to represent a Waulsortian mound. The most important questions asked concerning the Lodgepole play are whether or not itmore » will step out of the Dickinson area, what are the factors that control the development of these mounds, what controlled the development of the reservoir and trap, and how it was charged with oil. Other than the reservoir section, the most significant feature observed from wireline logs of the area is the anomalously thick Bakken formation (Mississippian-Devonian). This observation is important to understanding the Lodgepole play and can be used to help explore for similar features elsewhere in the basin. The paper describes the regional setting, the Lodgepole stratigraphy, deposition, regional equivalents, and a salt collapse model that can readily explain the features observed at the Dickinson field.« less

75 FR 4557 - Next Meeting of the North American Numbering Council

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-28

... FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION [CC Docket No. 92-237; DA 10-101] Next Meeting of the North American Numbering Council AGENCY: Federal Communications Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: On January.... ADDRESSES: Competition Policy Division, Wireline Competition Bureau, Federal Communications Commission...

Wireless shared resources : sharing of right-of-way for wireless technology : guidance on legal and institutional issues

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1997-06-06

Shared resource projects offer an opportunity for public transportation agencies to leverage property assets in exchange for support for transportation programs. Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) require wireline infrastructure in roadway ROW ...

77 FR 43773 - Wireline Competition Bureau Seeks Further Comment on Issues in the Rural Health Care Reform...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-26

... and Primary programs in supporting any recommendations for streamlined application procedures. b. Post... ineligible HCPs) by taking into account a variety of healthcare-specific factors. We note that in the Pilot...

77 FR 37402 - Data Specifications for Collecting Study Area Boundaries

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-21

... for Collecting Study Area Boundaries AGENCY: Federal Communications Commission. ACTION: Notice... specifications for collecting study area boundaries for purposes of implementing various reforms adopted as part..., the Wireline Competition Bureau (Bureau) proposes data specifications for collecting study area...

The role of access policies in wireline shared resource projects

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2001-09-11

This report is a research review of potential safety implications of electronic billboards (EBBs) on driving safety. The review covers the interval from a similar review published in 1980 to the present. The present review focuses on the safety aspec...

75 FR 25113 - High-Cost Universal Service Support, Federal-State Joint Board on Universal Service, Lifeline and...

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2010-05-07

... is a virtual reality,'' because 92.8 percent of households surveyed in Puerto Rico had wireline or... providing service,'' so ``[i]t need not reflect physical reality in all aspects if it produces `reasonably...

77 FR 14012 - Eligible Telecommunications Carrier Designation for Participation in Mobility Fund Phase I

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-08

...; DA 12-271] Eligible Telecommunications Carrier Designation for Participation in Mobility Fund Phase I... Wireless Telecommunications and Wireline Competition Bureaus describe the process and requirements for applicants seeking Eligible Telecommunications Carrier (ETC) Designation from the Commission for...

78 FR 48851 - Wireline Competition Bureau Announces Closing of the Bureau's Cost Model Virtual Workshop

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-12

... questions through Public Notice. DATES: Virtual workshop closure effective August 12, 2013. ADDRESSES: You.... The filing hours are 8:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. All hand deliveries must be held together with rubber...

47 CFR 0.5 - General description of Commission organization and operations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false General description of Commission organization and operations. 0.5 Section 0.5 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION GENERAL COMMISSION...) Office of Workplace Diversity (11) Wireline Competition Bureau. (12) Wireless Telecommunications Bureau...

Auto-Gopher: A Wire-Line Rotary-Hammer Ultrasonic Drill

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Badescu, Mircea; Sherrit, Stewart; Bao, Xiaogi; Bar-Cohen, Yoseph; Chen, Beck

2011-01-01

Developing technologies that would enable NASA to sample rock, soil, and ice by coring, drilling or abrading at a significant depth is of great importance for a large number of in-situ exploration missions as well as for earth applications. Proven techniques to sample Mars subsurface will be critical for future NASA astrobiology missions that will search for records of past and present life on the planet, as well as, the search for water and other resources. A deep corer, called Auto-Gopher, is currently being developed as a joint effort of the JPL's NDEAA laboratory and Honeybee Robotics Corp. The Auto-Gopher is a wire-line rotary-hammer drill that combines rock breaking by hammering using an ultrasonic actuator and cuttings removal by rotating a fluted bit. The hammering mechanism is based on the Ultrasonic/Sonic Drill/Corer (USDC) that has been developed as an adaptable tool for many of drilling and coring applications. The USDC uses an intermediate free-flying mass to transform the high frequency vibrations of the horn tip into a sonic hammering of a drill bit. The USDC concept was used in a previous task to develop an Ultrasonic/Sonic Ice Gopher. The lessons learned from testing the ice gopher were implemented into the design of the Auto-Gopher by inducing a rotary motion onto the fluted coring bit. A wire-line version of such a system would allow penetration of significant depth without a large increase in mass. A laboratory version of the corer was developed in the NDEAA lab to determine the design and drive parameters of the integrated system. The design configuration lab version of the design and fabrication and preliminary testing results are presented in this paper

Wireline Deep Drill for the Exploration of Icy Bodies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Paulsen, G.; Zacny, K.; Mellerowicz, B.; Craft, J.; Bar-Cohen, Y.; Beegle, L.; Sherrit, S.; Badescu, M.; Corsetti, F.; Ibarra, Y.

2013-01-01

One of the most pressing current questions in space science is whether life has ever arisen anywhere else in the universe. Water is a critical prerequisite for all life-as-we-know-it, thus the possible exploration targets for extraterrestrial life are bodies that have or had copious liquid: Mars, Europa, and Enceladus. Due to the oxidizing nature of Mars' surface, as well as subsurface liquid water reservoirs present on Europa and Enceladus, the search for evidence of existing life must likely focus on subsurface locations, at depths sufficient to support liquid water or retain biologic signatures. To address these questions, an Auto-Gopher sampler has been developed that is a wireline type drill. This drill is suspended on a tether and its motors and mechanisms are built into a tube that ends with a coring bit. The tether provides the mechanical connection to a rover/lander on a surface as well as power and data communication. Upon penetrating to a target depth, the drill is retracted from the borehole, the core is deposited into a sample transfer system, and the drill is lowered back into the hole. Wireline operation sidesteps one of the major drawbacks of traditional continuous drill string systems by obviating the need for multiple drill sections, which add significantly to the mass and the complexity of the system (i.e. penetration rate was 40 cm per hour). Drilling to 2 meter depth and recovering of cores every 10 cm took a total time of 15 hours (a single step of drilling 10 cm and retrieving the core was 45 minutes). Total energy to reach the 2 m depth was 500 Whr. The Weight on Bit was limited to less than 70 Newton. The core recovery was 100%.

A wireline piston core barrel for sampling cohesionless sand and gravel below the water table

USGS Publications Warehouse

Zapico, Michael M.; Vales, Samuel; Cherry, John A.

1987-01-01

A coring device has been developed to obtain long and minimally disturbed samples of saturated cohesionless sand and gravel. The coring device, which includes a wireline and piston, was developed specifically for use during hollow-stem auger drilling but it also offers possibilities for cable tool and rotary drilling. The core barrel consists of an inner liner made of inexpensive aluminum or plastic tubing, a piston for core recovery, and an exterior steel housing that protects the liner when the core barrel is driven into the aquifer. The core barrel, which is approximately 1.6m (5.6 feet) long, is advanced ahead of the lead auger by hammering at the surface on drill rods that are attached to the core barrel. After the sampler has been driven 1.5m (5 feet), the drill rods are detached and a wireline is used to hoist the core barrel, with the sample contained in the aluminum or plastic liner, to the surface. A vacuum developed by the piston during the coring operation provides good recovery of both the sediment and aquifer fluids contained in the sediment. In the field the sample tubes can be easily split along their length for on-site inspection or they can be capped with the pore water fluids inside and transported to the laboratory. The cores are 5cm (2 inches) in diameter by 1.5m (5 feet) long. Core acquisition to depths of 35m (115 feet), with a recovery greater than 90 percent, has become routine in University of Waterloo aquifer studies. A large diameter (12.7cm [5 inch]) version has also been used successfully. Nearly continuous sample sequences from sand and gravel aquifers have been obtained for studies of sedimentology, hydraulic conductivity, hydrogeochemistry and microbiology.

78 FR 4100 - Connect America Fund

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-18

... submit along with their acceptance notices. Should such carriers be required to specify the technology or... Wireline Competition Bureau (Bureau) the task of developing a forward-looking cost model to determine... recently announced the availability of version one of the Connect America Cost Model, which provides the...

47 CFR 0.304 - Authority for determinations of exempt telecommunications company status.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Authority for determinations of exempt telecommunications company status. 0.304 Section 0.304 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION GENERAL... determinations of exempt telecommunications company status. Authority is delegated to the Chief, Wireline...

47 CFR 0.304 - Authority for determinations of exempt telecommunications company status.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Authority for determinations of exempt telecommunications company status. 0.304 Section 0.304 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION GENERAL... determinations of exempt telecommunications company status. Authority is delegated to the Chief, Wireline...

78 FR 35632 - Wireline Competition Bureau Provides Guidance Regarding the 2013 Lifeline Recertification Process

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-13

... the Universal Service Administrative Company perform the recertification process. DATES: Effective... about their service. 11. USAC will complete the recertification process over a series of months, by... Provides Guidance Regarding the 2013 Lifeline Recertification Process AGENCY: Federal Communications...

47 CFR 0.304 - Authority for determinations of exempt telecommunications company status.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Authority for determinations of exempt telecommunications company status. 0.304 Section 0.304 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION GENERAL... determinations of exempt telecommunications company status. Authority is delegated to the Chief, Wireline...

47 CFR 0.304 - Authority for determinations of exempt telecommunications company status.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Authority for determinations of exempt telecommunications company status. 0.304 Section 0.304 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION GENERAL... determinations of exempt telecommunications company status. Authority is delegated to the Chief, Wireline...

47 CFR 0.304 - Authority for determinations of exempt telecommunications company status.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Authority for determinations of exempt telecommunications company status. 0.304 Section 0.304 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION GENERAL... determinations of exempt telecommunications company status. Authority is delegated to the Chief, Wireline...

KeyWare: an open wireless distributed computing environment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shpantzer, Isaac; Schoenfeld, Larry; Grindahl, Merv; Kelman, Vladimir

1995-12-01

Deployment of distributed applications in the wireless domain lack equivalent tools, methodologies, architectures, and network management that exist in LAN based applications. A wireless distributed computing environment (KeyWareTM) based on intelligent agents within a multiple client multiple server scheme was developed to resolve this problem. KeyWare renders concurrent application services to wireline and wireless client nodes encapsulated in multiple paradigms such as message delivery, database access, e-mail, and file transfer. These services and paradigms are optimized to cope with temporal and spatial radio coverage, high latency, limited throughput and transmission costs. A unified network management paradigm for both wireless and wireline facilitates seamless extensions of LAN- based management tools to include wireless nodes. A set of object oriented tools and methodologies enables direct asynchronous invocation of agent-based services supplemented by tool-sets matched to supported KeyWare paradigms. The open architecture embodiment of KeyWare enables a wide selection of client node computing platforms, operating systems, transport protocols, radio modems and infrastructures while maintaining application portability.

78 FR 8353 - Rural Broadband Access Loans and Loan Guarantees

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-06

.... Other associated rural issues, such as environmental challenges or providing wireless service through... proposed regulations, the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008, more commonly known as the 2008 Farm... wireline and wireless technologies is in violation of the agency's ``technology neutral'' mandate and...

47 CFR 95.1313 - Interconnection prohibited.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... points in the wireline or radio network of a public telephone company and persons served by multi-use... licensees or other authorized persons for transmitter control (including dial-up transmitter control circuits) or as an integral part of an authorized, private, internal system of communication or as an...

78 FR 26572 - Rural Call Completion and List of Rural Operating Carrier Numbers

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-07

... FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION 47 CFR Part 64 [WC Docket No. 13-39; DA 13-780] Rural Call Completion and List of Rural Operating Carrier Numbers AGENCY: Federal Communications Commission. ACTION: Proposed rule. SUMMARY: In this document, the Federal Communications Commission's Wireline Competition...

Survey of Rural Information Infrastructure Technologies.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Allen, Kenneth C.; And Others

Communication and information technologies can reduce the barriers of distance and space that disadvantage rural areas. This report defines a set of distinct voice, computer, and video telecommunication services; describes several rural information applications that make use of these services; and surveys various wireline and wireless systems and…

76 FR 69738 - Revised 2011 Annual Telecommunications Reporting Worksheet (FCC Form 499-A) and Accompanying...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-09

... Telecommunications Reporting Worksheet (FCC Form 499-A) and Accompanying Instructions AGENCY: Federal Communications... Telecommunications Reporting Worksheet (FCC Form 499-A) and accompanying instructions that have been approved by the... INFORMATION CONTACT: Ernesto Beckford, Wireline Competition Bureau, Telecommunications Access Policy Division...

75 FR 24700 - Next Meeting of the North American Numbering Council

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-05

... FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION [CC Docket No. 92-237; DA 10-717] Next Meeting of the North American Numbering Council AGENCY: Federal Communications Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: On April 28..., Wireline Competition Bureau, Federal Communications Commission, Portals II, 445 Twelfth Street, SW., Room 5...

47 CFR 54.723 - Standard of review.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Competition Bureau shall conduct de novo review of request for review of decisions issue by the Administrator. (b) The Federal Communications Commission shall conduct de novo review of requests for review of... the Commission shall not conduct de novo review of decisions issued by the Wireline Competition Bureau...

47 CFR 54.723 - Standard of review.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Competition Bureau shall conduct de novo review of request for review of decisions issue by the Administrator. (b) The Federal Communications Commission shall conduct de novo review of requests for review of... the Commission shall not conduct de novo review of decisions issued by the Wireline Competition Bureau...

Formation pressure testing at the Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope: Operational summary, history matching, and interpretations

USGS Publications Warehouse

Anderson, B.; Hancock, S.; Wilson, S.; Enger, C.; Collett, T.; Boswell, R.; Hunter, R.

2011-01-01

In February 2007, the U.S. Department of Energy, BP Exploration (Alaska), and the U.S. Geological Survey, collected open-hole pressure-response data, as well as gas and water sample collection, in a gas hydrate reservoir (the BPXA-DOE-USGS Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well) using Schlumberger's Modular Dynamics Formation Tester (MDT) wireline tool. Four such MDT tests, ranging from six to twelve hours duration, and including a series of flow, sampling, and shut-in periods of various durations, were conducted. Locations for the testing were selected based on NMR and other log data to assure sufficient isolation from reservoir boundaries and zones of excess free water. Test stages in which pressure was reduced sufficiently to mobilize free water in the formation (yet not cause gas hydrate dissociation) produced readily interpretable pressure build-up profiles. Build-ups following larger drawdowns consistently showed gas-hydrate dissociation and gas release (as confirmed by optical fluid analyzer data), as well as progressive dampening of reservoir pressure build-up during sequential tests at a given MDT test station.History matches of one multi-stage, 12-h test (the C2 test) were accomplished using five different reservoir simulators: CMG-STARS, HydrateResSim, MH21-HYDRES, STOMP-HYD, and TOUGH. +. HYDRATE. Simulations utilized detailed information collected across the reservoir either obtained or determined from geophysical well logs, including thickness (11.3. m, 37 ft.), porosity (35%), hydrate saturation (65%), both mobile and immobile water saturations, intrinsic permeability (1000 mD), pore water salinity (5 ppt), and formation temperature (3.3-3.9 ??C). This paper will present the approach and preliminary results of the history-matching efforts, including estimates of initial formation permeability and analyses of the various unique features exhibited by the MDT results. ?? 2010 Elsevier Ltd.

Seismic imaging of a fractured gas hydrate system in the Krishna-Godavari Basin offshore India

USGS Publications Warehouse

Riedel, M.; Collett, T.S.; Kumar, P.; Sathe, A.V.; Cook, A.

2010-01-01

Gas hydrate was discovered in the Krishna-Godavari (KG) Basin during the India National Gas Hydrate Program (NGHP) Expedition 1 at Site NGHP-01-10 within a fractured clay-dominated sedimentary system. Logging-while-drilling (LWD), coring, and wire-line logging confirmed gas hydrate dominantly in fractures at four borehole sites spanning a 500m transect. Three-dimensional (3D) seismic data were subsequently used to image the fractured system and explain the occurrence of gas hydrate associated with the fractures. A system of two fault-sets was identified, part of a typical passive margin tectonic setting. The LWD-derived fracture network at Hole NGHP-01-10A is to some extent seen in the seismic data and was mapped using seismic coherency attributes. The fractured system around Site NGHP-01-10 extends over a triangular-shaped area of ~2.5 km2 defined using seismic attributes of the seafloor reflection, as well as " seismic sweetness" at the base of the gas hydrate occurrence zone. The triangular shaped area is also showing a polygonal (nearly hexagonal) fault pattern, distinct from other more rectangular fault patterns observed in the study area. The occurrence of gas hydrate at Site NGHP-01-10 is the result of a specific combination of tectonic fault orientations and the abundance of free gas migration from a deeper gas source. The triangular-shaped area of enriched gas hydrate occurrence is bound by two faults acting as migration conduits. Additionally, the fault-associated sediment deformation provides a possible migration pathway for the free gas from the deeper gas source into the gas hydrate stability zone. It is proposed that there are additional locations in the KG Basin with possible gas hydrate accumulation of similar tectonic conditions, and one such location was identified from the 3D seismic data ~6 km NW of Site NGHP-01-10. ?? 2010.

Recent scientific and operational achievements of D/V Chikyu

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Taira, Asahiko; Toczko, Sean; Eguchi, Nobu; Kuramoto, Shin'ichi; Kubo, Yusuke; Azuma, Wataru

2014-12-01

The D/V Chikyu, a scientific drilling vessel, is equipped with industry-standard riser capabilities. Riser drilling technology enables remarkable drilling and downhole logging capabilities and provides unprecedented hole-stability, enabling the shipboard team to retrieve high-quality wire-line logging data as well as well-preserved core samples. The 11 March 2011 Tohoku Oki mega-earthquake and tsunami cost over 18,000 casualties in NE Japan. Chikyu, docked in the Port of Hachinohe, was damaged by the tsunami. By April 2012, the ship was back in operation; drilling the toe of the Japan Trench fault zone where topographic surveys suggested there was up to 50 m eastward motion, the largest earthquake rupture ever recorded. During Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expeditions 343 and 343 T, Chikyu drilled 850 m below sea floor (mbsf) in 6,900+ m water depth and recovered core samples of a highly brecciated shear zone composed of pelagic claystone. A subseafloor observatory looking for temperature signatures caused by the fault friction during the earthquake, was installed and later successfully recovered. The recovered temperature loggers recorded data from which the level of friction during the mega-earthquake slip could be determined. Following Exp. 343, Chikyu began IODP Exp. 337, a riser drilling expedition into the Shimokita coal beds off Hachinohe, to study the deep subsurface biosphere in sedimentary units including Paleogene-Neogene coal beds. New records in scientific ocean drilling were achieved in deepest penetration (drilling reached 2,466 mbsf) and sample recovery. Currently Chikyu is conducting deep riser drilling at the Nankai Trough in the final stage of the NanTroSEIZE campaign. During the years 2011 to 2013, including drilling in the Okinawa Hydrothermal System, Chikyu's operational and scientific achievements have demonstrated that the ship's capabilities are vital for opening new frontiers in earth and biological sciences.

75 FR 62818 - Sunshine Act Meeting; FCC To Hold Open Commission Meeting Thursday, October 14, 2010

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-13

... FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION Sunshine Act Meeting; FCC To Hold Open Commission Meeting Thursday, October 14, 2010 October 7, 2010. The Federal Communications Commission will hold an Open Meeting...; Mobility Fund Communications and Wireline Competition. Summary: The Commission will consider a Notice of...

78 FR 48640 - Special Access Proceeding; Comment Deadline Extension

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-09

... CONTACT: William Layton, Pricing Policy Division, Wireline Competition Bureau, 202-418-0868 or William...-198. See 44 U.S.C. 3506(c)(4). For further information, please contact William Layton, Pricing Policy... its rules for granting pricing flexibility for the special access services provided by incumbent local...

78 FR 44091 - Petition for Reconsideration of Action in Rulemaking Proceeding

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-23

... the Wireless Internet Service Providers Association. DATES: Oppositions to the Petition must be filed... INFORMATION CONTACT: Ryan Yates, Wireline Competition Bureau (202) 418-7400--voice or (202) 418-0484--TTY. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: This is a summary of Commission's document, Report No. 2986, released July 12, 2013...

Development of lunar drill to take core samples to 100-foot depths

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1967-01-01

Lunar drill takes lunar surface cores to depths of 100 feet and is being developed to the samples at greater depths. The wireline drill system has been adapted to operate in the lunar environment by providing a sealed dc motor and solid metallic base lubricants.

76 FR 20976 - Wireline Competition Bureau Releases 2011 Annual Telecommunications Reporting Worksheet (FCC Form...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-14

... Releases 2011 Annual Telecommunications Reporting Worksheet (FCC Form 499-A) and Accompanying Instructions... Competition Bureau released the revised annual Telecommunications Reporting Worksheet (FCC Form 499-A) and... telecommunications activities) into Appendix B. (5) Noting that email addresses are generally required so that the...

75 FR 57465 - Sunshine Act Meeting; Open Commission Meeting; Thursday, September 23, 2010

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-21

... WIRELINE TITLE: Schools and COMPETITION. Libraries Universal Service Support Mechanism (CC Docket No. 02- 6... PUBLIC SAFETY & TITLE: Wireless HOMELAND SECURITY. E911 Location Accuracy Requirements (PS Docket No. 07... SAFETY & TITLE: Wireless HOMELAND SECURITY. E911 Location Accuracy Requirements (PS Docket No. 07- 114...

78 FR 16675 - First Technology Transitions; Policy Task Force Workshop

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-18

... FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION [GN Docket No. 13-5; DA 13-383] First Technology Transitions... workshops to analyze technology transitions from narrowband to broadband; from time-division multiplexing... capabilities of wireless and wireline (copper, fiber and coax) technologies today and in the future. 11:30 a.m...

47 CFR 1.20007 - Additional assistance capability requirements for wireline, cellular, and PCS telecommunications...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... under surveillance maintain a circuit connection to the call. (4) Destination. A party or place to which... features to support lawfully authorized electronic surveillance, and specifies interfaces necessary to... provide to a LEA the assistance capability requirements regarding wire and electronic communications and...

47 CFR 1.20007 - Additional assistance capability requirements for wireline, cellular, and PCS telecommunications...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... under surveillance maintain a circuit connection to the call. (4) Destination. A party or place to which... features to support lawfully authorized electronic surveillance, and specifies interfaces necessary to... provide to a LEA the assistance capability requirements regarding wire and electronic communications and...

47 CFR 1.20007 - Additional assistance capability requirements for wireline, cellular, and PCS telecommunications...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... under surveillance maintain a circuit connection to the call. (4) Destination. A party or place to which... features to support lawfully authorized electronic surveillance, and specifies interfaces necessary to... provide to a LEA the assistance capability requirements regarding wire and electronic communications and...

78 FR 12006 - Wireline Competition Bureau Seeks Comment on Connect America Phase II Support for Price Cap Areas...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-21

... requirements be modified for carriers receiving frozen support? What measures would need to be in place to... certifications or local OVS franchises. The Commission does not have financial or employment information.... Description of Projected Reporting, Recordkeeping, and Other Compliance Requirements for Small Entities 31. In...

77 FR 16899 - Jurisdictional Separations and Referral to the Federal-State Joint Board

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-22

... Advisor, at 202- 418-1577, Pricing Policy Division, Wireline Competition Bureau. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION... the policies and rules proposed in this FNPRM. Written public comments are requested on this IRFA... estimates that most incumbent LECs are small entities that may be affected by the rules and policies adopted...

Deep Borehole Disposal Remediation Costs for Off-Normal Outcomes

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Finger, John T.; Cochran, John R.; Hardin, Ernest

2015-08-17

This memo describes rough-order-of-magnitude (ROM) cost estimates for a set of off-normal (accident) scenarios, as defined for two waste package emplacement method options for deep borehole disposal: drill-string and wireline. It summarizes the different scenarios and the assumptions made for each, with respect to fishing, decontamination, remediation, etc.

78 FR 5765 - Wireline Competition Bureau Releases Connect America Phase II Cost Model Virtual Workshop...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-28

... variation by geography; inter-office transport cost; voice capability; wire center facilities; sizing of... through traditional channels at the FCC, such as the Commission's Electronic Comment Filing System (ECFS... Electronic Comment Filing System (ECFS). In the meantime, parties are encouraged to examine both the Virtual...

77 FR 14364 - Comment Sought on Funding Pilot Program Participants Transitioning Out of the Rural Health Care...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-09

... Program Participants Transitioning Out of the Rural Health Care Pilot Program in Funding Year 2012 AGENCY..., the Wireline Competition Bureau seeks comment on whether to fund Rural Health Care Pilot Program... transition them into the permanent Rural Health Care support mechanism (RHC support mechanism). DATES...

47 CFR 52.26 - NANC Recommendations on Local Number Portability Administration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

.... Within 90 days of the conclusion of the comment cycle, the Chief of the Wireline Competition Bureau may... days of the conclusion of the comment cycle, the recommendation will be deemed to have been adopted by....com, and can be inspected during normal business hours at the following locations: Reference...

75 FR 55297 - Further Inquiry Into Two Under-Developed Issues in the Open Internet Proceeding

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-10

... facilities as broadband Internet access service (commonly called ``managed'' or ``specialized'' services). The second is the application of open Internet rules to mobile wireless Internet access services... Framework for Broadband Access to the Internet Over Wireline Facilities et al., CC Docket Nos. 02-33, 01-337...

76 FR 11407 - Review of Wireline Competition Bureau Data Practices, Computer III Further Remand Proceedings...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-02

... removal of the narrowband comparably efficient interconnection (CEI) and open network architecture (ONA... and copying during normal business hours in the FCC Reference Information Center, Portals II, 445 12th... addition, pursuant to the Small Business Paperwork Relief Act of 2002, we will seek specific comment on how...

78 FR 12269 - Wireline Competition Bureau Seeks Updates and Corrections to TelcoMaster Table for Connect...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-22

... Competition Bureau Seeks Updates and Corrections to TelcoMaster Table for Connect America Cost Model AGENCY... centers to particular holding companies for purposes of Connect America Phase II implementation. DATES... companies for purposes of Connect America Phase II implementation. 2. The USF/ICC Transformation Order, 76...

47 CFR 54.316 - Rate comparability review and certification for areas served by non-rural carriers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Rates, Price Indices, and Expenditures for Telephone Service published by the Wireline Competition... areas served by non-rural carriers. 54.316 Section 54.316 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS... High Cost Areas § 54.316 Rate comparability review and certification for areas served by non-rural...

Seamless integration of 57.2-Gb/s signal wireline transmission and 100-GHz wireless delivery.

PubMed

Li, Xinying; Yu, Jianjun; Dong, Ze; Cao, Zizheng; Chi, Nan; Zhang, Junwen; Shao, Yufeng; Tao, Li

2012-10-22

We experimentally demonstrated the seamless integration of 57.2-Gb/s signal wireline transmission and 100-GHz wireless delivery adopting polarization-division-multiplexing quadrature-phase-shift-keying (PDM-QPSK) modulation with 400-km single-mode fiber-28 (SMF-28) transmission and 1-m wireless delivery. The X- and Y-polarization components of optical PDM-QPSK baseband signal are simultaneously up-converted to 100 GHz by optical polarization-diversity heterodyne beating, and then independently transmitted and received by two pairs of transmitter and receiver antennas, which make up a 2x2 multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless link based on microwave polarization multiplexing. At the wireless receiver, a two-stage down conversion is firstly done in analog domain based on balanced mixer and sinusoidal radio frequency (RF) signal, and then in digital domain based on digital signal processing (DSP). Polarization de-multiplexing is realized by constant modulus algorithm (CMA) based on DSP in heterodyne coherent detection. Our experimental results show that more taps are required for CMA when the X- and Y-polarization antennas have different wireless distance.

Characterization of the mississippian chat in South-central Kansas

USGS Publications Warehouse

Watney, W.L.; Guy, W.J.; Byrnes, A.P.

2001-01-01

To understand production from low resistivity-high porosity Mississippian chat reservoirs in south-central Kansas it is necessary to understand the nature of deposition and diagenesis, how tectonics is a factor, the lithofacies controls on petrophysical properties, and log response to these properties. The initial mudstones to sponge-spicule wacke-packstones were deposited in transgressive-regressive (T-R) cycles on a shelf to shelf margin setting, resulting in a series of shallowing-upward cycles. Sponge-spicule content appears to increase upward with increasing cycle thickness. After early silicification, inter- and post-Mississippian subaerial exposure resulted in further diagenesis, including sponge-spicule dissolution, vuggy porosity development in moldic-rich rocks, and autobrecciation. Meteoric water infiltration is limited in depth below the exposure surface and in distance downdip into unaltered, cherty Cowley Formation facies. Areas of thicker preserved chat and increased diagenesis can be correlated with structural lineaments and, in some areas, with recurrent basement block movement. Combination of folding or block fault movement prior to or during development of the basal Pennsylvanian unconformity, sponge-spicule concentration, and possibly thickness of overlying bioclastic wacke-grainstones resulted in variable reservoir properties and the creation of pods of production separated by nonproductive cherty dolomite mudstones. These events also resulted in alteration of the depositional cycles to produce a series of lithofacies that exhibit unique petrophysical properties. From bottom to top in a complete cycle seven lithofacies are present: (1) argillaceous dolomite mudstone, (2) argillaceous dolomite mudstone that has chert nodules, (3) clean dolomite mudstone that has nodular chert, (4) nodular to bedded chert, (5) autoclastic chert, (6) autoclastic chert that has clay infill, and (7) bioclastic wacke-grainstone. The uppermost cycle was terminated by another lithofacies, a chert conglomerate of Mississippian and/or Pennsylvanian age. The chert facies exhibit porosities ranging from 25 to 50% and permeabilities greater than 5 md. The cherty dolomite mudstones, argillaceous dolomite mudstones, and bioclastic wacke-grainstones exhibit nonreservoir properties. Reservoir production, numerical simulation, and whole core data indicate fracturing can be present in chat reservoirs and can enhance permeability by as much as an order of magnitude. Capillary pressure data indicate the presence of microporosity and can explain high water saturations and low resistivity observed in wire-line logs. Relative permeabilities to oil decrease rapidly for saturations greater than 60% and may be influenced by dual pore systems. Archie cementation exponents increase from 1.8 for mudstones to more than 2.5 in the cherts that have increasing sponge-spicule mold and vug content. Detailed modified Pickett plot analysis of logs reveals critical aspects of chat character and can provide reliable indices of reservoir properties and pay delineation. Models developed provide additional insight into the chat of south-central Kansas and understanding of the nature of controls on shallow-shelf chert reservoir properties.

The wavefield of acoustic logging in a cased-hole with a single casing - Part I: a monopole tool

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Hua; Fehler, Michael

2018-01-01

The bonding quality of the seal formed by the cement or collapse material between casing and formation rock is critical for the hydraulic isolation of reservoir layers with shallow aquifers, production and environmental safety, and plug and abandonment issues. Acoustic logging is a very good tool for evaluating the condition of the bond between different interfaces. The understanding of the acoustic logging wavefields in wells with single casing is still incomplete. We use a 3-D finite difference method to simulate wireline monopole wavefields in a single cased borehole with different bonding conditions at two locations: (1) between the cement and casing and (2) between the cement and formation. Pressure snapshots and waveforms for different models are shown, which allow us to better understand the wave propagation. Modal dispersion curves and data processing methods such as velocity-time semblance and dispersion analysis facilitate the identification of propagation modes in the different models. We find that the P wave is submerged in the casing modes and the S wave has poor coherency when the cement is replaced with fluid. The casing modes are strong when cement next to the casing is partially or fully replaced with fluid. The amplitude of these casing modes can be used to determine the bonding condition of the interface between casing and cement. However, the limited variation of the amplitude with fluid thickness means that amplitude measurements may lead to an ambiguous interpretation. When the cement next to the formation is partially replaced with fluid, the modes propagate in the combination of steel casing and cement and the velocities are highly dependent on the cement thickness. However, if the cement thickness is large (more than 2/3 of the annulus between casing and rock), the arrival time of the first arrival approximates that of the formation compressional wave when cement is good. It would highly likely that an analyst could misjudge cement quality because the amplitudes of these modes are very small and their arrival times are very near to the formation P arrival time. It is possible to use the amplitude to estimate the thickness of the cement sheath because the variation of amplitude with thickness is strong. While the Stoneley mode (ST1) propagates in the borehole fluid, a slow Stoneley mode (ST2) appears when there is a fluid column in the annulus between the casing and formation rock. The velocity of ST2 is sensitive to the total thickness of the fluid column in the annulus independent of the location of the fluid in the casing annulus. We propose a full waveform method, which includes the utilization of the amplitude of the first arrival and also the velocity of the ST2 wave, to estimate the bonding condition of multiple interfaces. These two measurements provide more information than the current method that uses only the first arrival to evaluate the bonding interfa next to the casing.

78 FR 34016 - Wireline Competition Bureau Seeks Comment on Options To Promote Rural Broadband in Rate-Of-Return...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-06

... document is available for inspection and copying during normal business hours in the FCC Reference... carriers supports such networks, and indeed, under the USF/ICC Transformation Order, 76 FR 73830, November... originally sought comment on this proposal in the USF/ICC Transformation Order FNPRM, 76 FR 73830, November...

77 FR 52279 - Wireline Competition Bureau Seeks Comment on Proposed Urban Rates Survey and Issues Relating to...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-29

... Competition Bureau Seeks Comment on Proposed Urban Rates Survey and Issues Relating to Reasonable... urban rates for fixed voice and fixed broadband residential services. The Bureau also seeks comment concerning how, using data from the urban rates survey, to determine the local voice rate floor and the...

76 FR 76623 - Connect America Fund; Developing a Unified Intercarrier Compensation Regime

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-08

...-109; GN Docket No. 09-51, CC Docket Nos. 01-92, 96-45, WT Docket No. 10-208, FCC 11-161] Connect... Policy Division, Wireline Competition Bureau, at (202) 418-1520, or email: [email protected]fcc.gov... relating to the access stimulation rules contained in the Commission's Order, FCC 11-161, published at 76...

77 FR 12951 - Lifeline and Link Up Reform and Modernization, Advancing Broadband Availability Through Digital...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-02

... marketplace in which more than half of the support is provided to wireless providers that do not charge a SLC... per household, consisting of either wireline or wireless service; and consumers who willfully make... effect on small entities within this category. 2. Wireless Carriers and Service Providers 51. Below, for...

Emulation of Equal Open Access and Competition Creation in the Wireline Telecommunications Local and Last Mile Market Segments

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Van Epps, Daniel L.

2013-01-01

Expanded telecommunications was deemed a serious need for end users. The "Local Market" and "Last Mile" market segments have largely consolidated into "natural utilities". Competition and access problems occur if new providers enter the local market and desire competitive access and service to end users. Local and…

77 FR 32113 - Wireline Competition Bureau Announces Support Amounts for Connect America Fund Phase One...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-31

.... US Telecom, on behalf of nine holding companies of price cap carriers serving that area, filed... use mapping data and business count data submitted by Micronesian Telecom for its wire centers in that... submitted by US Telecom, which filed on behalf of the price cap carriers serving those areas. For Puerto...

75 FR 63473 - Notice of Public Information Collection(s) Being Reviewed by the Federal Communications...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-15

... to further reduce the information collection burden on small business concerns with fewer than 25...: Business or other for-profit, not-for-profit institutions, and State, local or tribal government. Number of... of our Nation, and in view of the increasing importance of non-wireline communications in the Nation...

78 FR 9020 - Wireline Competition Bureau Seeks Further Comment on Specific Issues Related to the...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-07

... adjust the Remote Areas Fund usage allowance requirement to reflect consumer behavior, and if so, how... files, audio format), send an email to [email protected] or call the Consumer & Governmental Affairs Bureau... issues relating to the implementation of the Remote Areas Fund as a portable consumer subsidy program, as...

47 CFR 1.742 - Place of filing, fees, and number of copies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Place of filing, fees, and number of copies. 1..., fees, and number of copies. All applications which do not require a fee shall be filed at the... then forwarded to the Wireline Competition Bureau. All applications accompanied by a fee payment should...

Quantification of subsurface pore pressure through IODP drilling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Saffer, D. M.; Flemings, P. B.

2010-12-01

It is critical to understand the magnitude and distribution of subsurface pore fluid pressure: it controls effective stress and thus mechanical strength, slope stability, and sediment compaction. Elevated pore pressures also drive fluid flows that serve as agents of mass, solute, and heat fluxes. The Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) and Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) have provided important avenues to quantify pore pressure in a range of geologic and tectonic settings. These approaches include 1) analysis of continuous downhole logs and shipboard physical properties data to infer compaction state and in situ pressure and stress, 2) laboratory consolidation testing of core samples collected by drilling, 3) direct downhole measurements using pore pressure probes, 3) pore pressure and stress measurements using downhole tools that can be deployed in wide diameter pipe recently acquired for riser drilling, and 4) long-term monitoring of formation pore pressure in sealed boreholes within hydraulically isolated intervals. Here, we summarize key advances in quantification of subsurface pore pressure rooted in scientific drilling, highlighting with examples from subduction zones, the Gulf of Mexico, and the New Jersey continental shelf. At the Nankai, Costa Rican, and Barbados subduction zones, consolidation testing of cores samples, combined with analysis of physical properties data, indicates that even within a few km landward of the trench, pore pressures in and below plate boundary décollement zones reach a significant fraction of the lithostatic load (λ*=0.25-0.91). These results document a viable and quantifiable mechanism to explain the mechanical weakness of subduction décollements, and are corroborated by a small number of direct measurements in sealed boreholes and by inferences from seismic reflection data. Recent downhole measurements conducted during riser drilling using the modular formation dynamics tester wireline tool (MDT) in a forearc basin ~50 km from the trench document hydrostatic pore pressures in the basin fill down to ~1500 mbsf, and illustrate a promising technique for obtaining pore pressure and stress magnitude. In the Gulf of Mexico, we used pore pressure penetrometers to measure severe overpressures (λ*=0.7); a comprehensive program of consolidation testing on recovered core samples confirms elevated pore pressures due to rapid sedimentation, reflecting disequilibrium compaction. Similarly, along the New Jersey continental shelf, analysis of porosity data from downhole logs and augmented by geotechnical testing of cores demonstrates elevated pore pressures in the shallow subsurface. In both offshore New Jersey and the Gulf of Mexico, integration of direct measurements, geotechnical testing, and hydrodynamic modeling illustrate how flow is focused along permeable layers to reduce effective stress and drive submarine landslides. In sum, pore pressure observations made through the ODP and IODP provide insight into how pore pressure controls the large-scale form of passive and active continental margins, how submarine landslides form, and provide strategies for engineering deep boreholes.

Preliminary Hydrogeologic Characterization Results from the Wallula Basalt Pilot Study

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

B.P. McGrail; E. C. Sullivan; F. A. Spane

2009-12-01

The DOE's Big Sky Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership has completed drilling the first continental flood basalt sequestration pilot borehole to a total depth (TD) of 4,110 feet on the Boise White Paper Mill property at Wallula, Washington. Site suitability was assessed prior to drilling by the 2007-2008 acquisition, processing and analysis of a four-mile, five-line three component seismic swath, which was processed as a single data-dense line. Analysis of the seismic survey data indicated a composite basalt formation thickness of {approx}8,000 feet and absence of major geologic structures (i.e., faults) along the line imaged by the seismic swath. Drilling ofmore » Wallula pilot borehole was initiated on January 13, 2009 and reached TD on April 6, 2009. Based on characterization results obtained during drilling, three basalt breccia zones were identified between the depth interval of 2,716 and 2,910 feet, as being suitable injection reservoir for a subsequent CO2 injection pilot study. The targeted injection reservoir lies stratigraphically below the massive Umtanum Member of the Grande Ronde Basalt, whose flow-interior section possesses regionally recognized low-permeability characteristics. The identified composite injection zone reservoir provides a unique and attractive opportunity to scientifically study the reservoir behavior of three inter-connected reservoir intervals below primary and secondary caprock confining zones. Drill cuttings, wireline geophysical logs, and 31one-inch diameter rotary sidewall cores provided geologic data for characterization of rock properties. XRF analyses of selected rock samples provided geochemical characterizations of the rocks and stratigraphic control for the basalt flows encountered by the Wallula pilot borehole. Based on the geochemical results, the pilot borehole was terminated in the Wapshilla Ridge 1 flow of the Grande Ronde Basalt Formation. Detailed hydrologic test characterizations of 12 basalt interflow reservoir zones and 3 flow-interior/caprock intervals were performed during drilling and immediately following reaching the final borehole drilling depth (i.e., 4,110 ft). In addition, six of the 12 basalt interflow zones were selected for detailed hydrochemical characterization. Results from the detailed hydrologic test characterization program provided the primary information on basalt interflow zone transmissivity/injectivity, and caprock permeability characteristics.« less

CO{sub 2} Injectivity, Storage Capacity, Plume Size, and Reservoir and Seal Integrity of the Ordovician St. Peter Sandstone and the Cambrian Potosi Formation in the Illnois Basin

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Leetaru, Hannes; Brown, Alan; Lee, Donald

2012-05-01

The Cambro-Ordovician strata of the Illinois and Michigan Basins underlie most of the states of Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, and Michigan. This interval also extends through much of the Midwest of the United States and, for some areas, may be the only available target for geological sequestration of CO{sub 2}. We evaluated the Cambro-Ordovician strata above the basal Mt. Simon Sandstone reservoir for sequestration potential. The two targets were the Cambrian carbonate intervals in the Knox and the Ordovician St. Peter Sandstone. The evaluation of these two formations was accomplished using wireline data, core data, pressure data, and seismic data frommore » the USDOE-funded Illinois Basin Decatur Project being conducted by the Midwest Geological Sequestration Consortium in Macon County, Illinois. Interpretations were completed using log analysis software, a reservoir flow simulator, and a finite element solver that determines rock stress and strain changes resulting from the pressure increase associated with CO{sub 2} injection. Results of this research suggest that both the St. Peter Sandstone and the Potosi Dolomite (a formation of the Knox) reservoirs may be capable of storing up to 2 million tonnes of CO{sub 2} per year for a 20-year period. Reservoir simulation results for the St. Peter indicate good injectivity and a relatively small CO{sub 2} plume. While a single St. Peter well is not likely to achieve the targeted injection rate of 2 million tonnes/year, results of this study indicate that development with three or four appropriately spaced wells may be sufficient. Reservoir simulation of the Potosi suggest that much of the CO{sub 2} flows into and through relatively thin, high permeability intervals, resulting in a large plume diameter compared with the St. Peter.« less

Use of micro-resistivity imaging tools in developing lower Pennsylvanian Morrow channel sandstone reservoirs, Cheyenne, Kiowa and Lincoln Counties, Colorado

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Germinario, M.P.

1996-01-01

In southeastern Colorado, Lower Pennsylvanian Morrow channel sandstones are part of complex valley-fill sequences incised into Morrow marine deposits. Morrow valleys are approximately [1/2] to 1 mile wide. Valley-fill consists of floodplain and channel filling shales, very fine-grained estuarine sandstones and fine- to coarse-grained channel sandstones that are up to 50' thick. Channel sandstones represent a sequence of stacked fluvial bars deposited in braided, anastomosing and meandering fluvial environments. Cross-stratification in channel sandstones can be imaged by micro-resistivity wireline logging tools and interpreted interactively on various workstation software packages. Recognition, interpretation and measurement of current, stoss face, and lateral accretionmore » beds in these sandstones can result in an estimated direction of paleocurrent flow of the channel. Determination of the channel's local paleoflow direction can provide significant sand risk reduction in developmental drilling, especially in 80 acre or less spacing patterns. As the distance between offset drilling locations increases, the reliability of paleoflow prediction decreases, and the corresponding sand risk rises. Lateral accretion bedding in Morrow channel sandstones has proven to be a poor indicator of sand thickening direction, due to the complex stacking of multiple channel sandstones within any given valley-fill sequence. Micro-resistivity imaging reduces risk in Morrow channel sandstone development drilling programs. Furthermore, these interpretation techniques could be applicable in other fluvial channel sandstone plays.« less

Use of micro-resistivity imaging tools in developing lower Pennsylvanian Morrow channel sandstone reservoirs, Cheyenne, Kiowa and Lincoln Counties, Colorado

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Germinario, M.P.

1996-12-31

In southeastern Colorado, Lower Pennsylvanian Morrow channel sandstones are part of complex valley-fill sequences incised into Morrow marine deposits. Morrow valleys are approximately {1/2} to 1 mile wide. Valley-fill consists of floodplain and channel filling shales, very fine-grained estuarine sandstones and fine- to coarse-grained channel sandstones that are up to 50` thick. Channel sandstones represent a sequence of stacked fluvial bars deposited in braided, anastomosing and meandering fluvial environments. Cross-stratification in channel sandstones can be imaged by micro-resistivity wireline logging tools and interpreted interactively on various workstation software packages. Recognition, interpretation and measurement of current, stoss face, and lateral accretionmore » beds in these sandstones can result in an estimated direction of paleocurrent flow of the channel. Determination of the channel`s local paleoflow direction can provide significant sand risk reduction in developmental drilling, especially in 80 acre or less spacing patterns. As the distance between offset drilling locations increases, the reliability of paleoflow prediction decreases, and the corresponding sand risk rises. Lateral accretion bedding in Morrow channel sandstones has proven to be a poor indicator of sand thickening direction, due to the complex stacking of multiple channel sandstones within any given valley-fill sequence. Micro-resistivity imaging reduces risk in Morrow channel sandstone development drilling programs. Furthermore, these interpretation techniques could be applicable in other fluvial channel sandstone plays.« less

Plio-quaternary deposits in the Eastern Rharb (Nw Morocco): Electrosequential characterization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Al Mazini, Imane; Mridekh, Abdelaziz; Kili, Malika; El Mansouri, Bouâbid; El Bouhaddioui, Mohamed; Magrane, Bouchaib

2018-02-01

The Rharb basin, of which our study area is part, is located at the western extremity of the south Rif corridor. It corresponds to a subsiding zone that appeared in the Upper Miocene, between two major structural domains: the Rif to the north and east and the Meseta domain to the south. The eastern part of this basin is characterized by a Plio-Quaternary continental fill. Its geographical position and its structural and paleo-environmental contexts are reflected by a great facies heterogeneity. This work aims to image the subsurface structure and to characterize the distribution mode of Plio-Quaternary deposits of the eastern Rharb. The use of a database consisting of geo-electrical cross sections, hydrogeological drilling and wireline logging integrated in a Geographic Information System (GIS) allowed us to establish a new three-dimensional model of the top of the Mio-Pliocene substratum, new geo-electrical cross sections, as well as the isopach maps of lower, intermediate, upper and superficial geo-electric interval. This approach allowed us to characterize the Plio-Quaternary deposits of the study area and to highlight the effects of the tectonic regime and the relative sea level fluctuations on the sequential organization of these deposits. Our new model shows the development of prograding, aggrading and retrograding parasequences denoting the existence of autogenic mechanisms in the organization of plio-quaternary deposits of the eastern part of the Rharb basin. Therefore, it opens new perspectives for the exploration of water resources and monitoring their quality throughout the basin.

3D geological modeling for complex aquifer system conception and groundwater storage assessment: Case of Sisseb El Alem Nadhour Saouaf basin, northeastern Tunisia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hamdi, Mohamed; Zagrarni, Mohamed Faouzi; Djamai, Najib; Jerbi, Hamza; Goita, Kalifa; Tarhouni, Jamila

2018-07-01

With water table drop, managers got extremely concerned about the future of the groundwater resources sustainability of the Sisseb El Alem Nadhour Saouaf aquifer (SANS). In order to understand the groundwater flow dynamic and to assess the functioning of the aquifer system, a three-dimensional (3D) regional geological model of the SANS basin was carried on. The 3D geological model was developed by the combination of 2D seismic reflection profiles, calibrated by wireline logging data of oil wells, hydraulic wells and geological field sections. The 3D geological model shows that the Oligo-Neogene and Eocene aquifers in the study area represent important geometric variations and cumulated thickness affected by intensive fractures. The modeled stratigraphic units were combined with the hydraulic properties to estimate the groundwater storage. The estimated storage in 2016 was around 11 × 109 m3 and in 1971, it was 16 × 109 m3, so, 30% of the groundwater stored previously was consumed in 45 years. Yet, a variable spatial distribution of storativity was demonstrated, ranging from 1 to 3.4 × 106 m3/km2. These results prove the importance of hydro-geophysical investigation and numerical modeling to depicting hydrostratigraphic trends and suggest, that the fate of groundwater resources in the SANS aquifer seems though to be more a matter of the disparity of the groundwater storage than a matter of quantity.

Quantifying structural states of soft mudrocks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, B.; Wong, R. C. K.

2016-05-01

In this paper, a cm model is proposed to quantify structural states of soft mudrocks, which are dependent on clay fractions and porosities. Physical properties of natural and reconstituted soft mudrock samples are used to derive two parameters in the cm model. With the cm model, a simplified homogenization approach is proposed to estimate geomechanical properties and fabric orientation distributions of soft mudrocks based on the mixture theory. Soft mudrocks are treated as a mixture of nonclay minerals and clay-water composites. Nonclay minerals have a high stiffness and serve as a structural framework of mudrocks when they have a high volume fraction. Clay-water composites occupy the void space among nonclay minerals and serve as an in-fill matrix. With the increase of volume fraction of clay-water composites, there is a transition in the structural state from the state of framework supported to the state of matrix supported. The decreases in shear strength and pore size as well as increases in compressibility and anisotropy in fabric are quantitatively related to such transition. The new homogenization approach based on the proposed cm model yields better performance evaluation than common effective medium modeling approaches because the interactions among nonclay minerals and clay-water composites are considered. With wireline logging data, the cm model is applied to quantify the structural states of Colorado shale formations at different depths in the Cold Lake area, Alberta, Canada. Key geomechancial parameters are estimated based on the proposed homogenization approach and the critical intervals with low strength shale formations are identified.

Stress magnitude and orientation in deep coalbed biosphere off Shimokita ~IODP Expedition337 drilling project

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, H. Y.; Lin, W.; Yamada, Y.

2015-12-01

One of IODP expedition (Borehole C0020A) is located in the forearc basin formed by the subducting between Pacific plate and Eurasian plate off Shimokita Peninsula. This ~2.5km deep scientific drilling collected the high-resolution wire-line resistivity logging, caliper data, Dipole Sonic waveforms; geophysical properties measurements and core samples. The riser drilling operations produced one good conditions borehole even this drilling operation was applied right after 311 Tohoku earthquake. Based on the high-resolutions Formation Micro Imager (FMI) images, both breakout and tensile fractures along the borehole wall indicating the in-situ stress orientation are detected in the unwrapped resistivity images. In this research, a reasonable geomechanical model based on the breakout width and physical properties is constructed to estimate the stress magnitude profile in this borehole. Besides, the openhole leak-off test revealed the information of Shmin magnitude. In general, stress direction along the borehole is slight rotated to east with drilling to the bottom of the borehole. Geomechanical model constarined the principal stresses in Strike-slip stress regime to satisfy the occurrences of borehole enlargements and tensile fractures. Some blank zones with no borehole wall failure and vertical fractures indicated the stress anomaly might be controlled by local lithological facies. Comparing to the JFAST drilling, this site is out of Japan trench slip zone and shows almost parallel stress direcion to the trench (~90 degree apart of Shmin with Site C0019).

78 FR 56188 - Wireline Competition Bureau Announces Availability of Version 3.2 of the Connect America Fund...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-12

... Communications Systems Group, Inc. (ACS) for Alaska, and using the default value of ``1'' for the regional cost adjustment for the U.S. Virgin Islands, which has the effect of increasing labor costs. Lastly, the Bureau... Puerto Rico Telephone Company, Inc. (PRTC) and Virgin Islands Telephone Corporation d/b/a Innovative...

Scaling Laws for Heterogeneous Wireless Networks

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-09-01

planned and the size of communication networks that are fundamentally understood. On the one hand, wireline networks (like the Internet) have grown from...Franceschetti, Marco D. Migliore, and Paolo Minero . The capacity of wireless networks: Information-theoretic and physical limits. In Proceedings of the...Allerton Conference on Communication, Control, and Computing, September 2007. [12] Massimo Franceschetti, Marco D. Migliore, and Paolo Minero . The

47 CFR 1.1105 - Schedule of charges for applications and other filings for the wireline competition services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... of Part 69 Tariff Rules (per request) Corres & 159 815.00 CQK 3. Accounting: a. Review of...,130.00 CVA b. Petition for Waiver (per petition): (i) Waiver of Part 69 Accounting Rules & Part 32 Accounting Rules, Part 43 Reporting Requirements, Part 64 Allocation of Costs Rules, Part 65 Rate of Return...

Automated lithology prediction from PGNAA and other geophysical logs.

PubMed

Borsaru, M; Zhou, B; Aizawa, T; Karashima, H; Hashimoto, T

2006-02-01

Different methods of lithology predictions from geophysical data have been developed in the last 15 years. The geophysical logs used for predicting lithology are the conventional logs: sonic, neutron-neutron, gamma (total natural-gamma) and density (backscattered gamma-gamma). The prompt gamma neutron activation analysis (PGNAA) is another established geophysical logging technique for in situ element analysis of rocks in boreholes. The work described in this paper was carried out to investigate the application of PGNAA to the lithology interpretation. The data interpretation was conducted using the automatic interpretation program LogTrans based on statistical analysis. Limited test suggests that PGNAA logging data can be used to predict the lithology. A success rate of 73% for lithology prediction was achieved from PGNAA logging data only. It can also be used in conjunction with the conventional geophysical logs to enhance the lithology prediction.

Performance of optimum detector structures for noisy intersymbol interference channels

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Womer, J. D.; Fritchman, B. D.; Kanal, L. N.

1971-01-01

The errors which arise in transmitting digital information by radio or wireline systems because of additive noise from successively transmitted signals interfering with one another are described. The probability of error and the performance of optimum detector structures are examined. A comparative study of the performance of certain detector structures and approximations to them, and the performance of a transversal equalizer are included.

Sensor sentinel computing device

DOEpatents

Damico, Joseph P.

2016-08-02

Technologies pertaining to authenticating data output by sensors in an industrial environment are described herein. A sensor sentinel computing device receives time-series data from a sensor by way of a wireline connection. The sensor sentinel computing device generates a validation signal that is a function of the time-series signal. The sensor sentinel computing device then transmits the validation signal to a programmable logic controller in the industrial environment.

Taming Log Files from Game/Simulation-Based Assessments: Data Models and Data Analysis Tools. Research Report. ETS RR-16-10

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hao, Jiangang; Smith, Lawrence; Mislevy, Robert; von Davier, Alina; Bauer, Malcolm

2016-01-01

Extracting information efficiently from game/simulation-based assessment (G/SBA) logs requires two things: a well-structured log file and a set of analysis methods. In this report, we propose a generic data model specified as an extensible markup language (XML) schema for the log files of G/SBAs. We also propose a set of analysis methods for…

Separate-channel analysis of two-channel microarrays: recovering inter-spot information.

PubMed

Smyth, Gordon K; Altman, Naomi S

2013-05-26

Two-channel (or two-color) microarrays are cost-effective platforms for comparative analysis of gene expression. They are traditionally analysed in terms of the log-ratios (M-values) of the two channel intensities at each spot, but this analysis does not use all the information available in the separate channel observations. Mixed models have been proposed to analyse intensities from the two channels as separate observations, but such models can be complex to use and the gain in efficiency over the log-ratio analysis is difficult to quantify. Mixed models yield test statistics for the null distributions can be specified only approximately, and some approaches do not borrow strength between genes. This article reformulates the mixed model to clarify the relationship with the traditional log-ratio analysis, to facilitate information borrowing between genes, and to obtain an exact distributional theory for the resulting test statistics. The mixed model is transformed to operate on the M-values and A-values (average log-expression for each spot) instead of on the log-expression values. The log-ratio analysis is shown to ignore information contained in the A-values. The relative efficiency of the log-ratio analysis is shown to depend on the size of the intraspot correlation. A new separate channel analysis method is proposed that assumes a constant intra-spot correlation coefficient across all genes. This approach permits the mixed model to be transformed into an ordinary linear model, allowing the data analysis to use a well-understood empirical Bayes analysis pipeline for linear modeling of microarray data. This yields statistically powerful test statistics that have an exact distributional theory. The log-ratio, mixed model and common correlation methods are compared using three case studies. The results show that separate channel analyses that borrow strength between genes are more powerful than log-ratio analyses. The common correlation analysis is the most powerful of all. The common correlation method proposed in this article for separate-channel analysis of two-channel microarray data is no more difficult to apply in practice than the traditional log-ratio analysis. It provides an intuitive and powerful means to conduct analyses and make comparisons that might otherwise not be possible.

Who Goes There? Measuring Library Web Site Usage.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bauer, Kathleen

2000-01-01

Discusses how libraries can gather data on the use of their Web sites. Highlights include Web server log files, including the common log file, referrer log file, and agent log file; log file limitations; privacy concerns; and choosing log analysis software, both free and commercial. (LRW)

The Auto-Gopher: A Wireline Rotary-Percussive Deep Sampler

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bar-Cohen, Yoseph; Zacny, Kris; Badescu, Mircea; Lee, Hyeong Jae; Sherrit, Stewart; Bao, Xiaoqi; Paulsen, Gale L.; Beegle, Luther

2016-01-01

Accessing regions on planetary bodies that potentially preserved biosignatures or are presently habitable is vital to meeting NASA solar system "Search for Life" exploration objectives. To address these objectives, a wireline deep rotary-percussive corer called Auto-Gopher was developed. The percussive action provides effective material fracturing and the rotation provides effective cuttings removal. To increase the drill's penetration rate, the percussive and rotary motions are operated simultaneously. Initially, the corer was designed as a percussive mechanism for sampling ice and was demonstrated in 2005 in Antarctica reaching about 2 m deep. The lessons learned suggested the need to use a combination of rotation and hammering to maximize the penetration rate. This lesson was implemented into the Auto-Gopher-I deep drill which was demonstrated to reach 3-meter deep in gypsum. The average drilling power that was used has been in the range of 100-150 Watt, while the penetration rate was approximately 2.4 m/hr. Recently, a task has started with the goal to develop Auto-Gopher-II that is equipped to execute all the necessary functions in a single drilling unit. These functions also include core breaking, retention and ejection in addition drilling. In this manuscript, the Auto-Gopher-II, its predecessors and their capability are described and discussed.

Thresholds of logging intensity to maintain tropical forest biodiversity.

PubMed

Burivalova, Zuzana; Sekercioğlu, Cağan Hakkı; Koh, Lian Pin

2014-08-18

Primary tropical forests are lost at an alarming rate, and much of the remaining forest is being degraded by selective logging. Yet, the impacts of logging on biodiversity remain poorly understood, in part due to the seemingly conflicting findings of case studies: about as many studies have reported increases in biodiversity after selective logging as have reported decreases. Consequently, meta-analytical studies that treat selective logging as a uniform land use tend to conclude that logging has negligible effects on biodiversity. However, selectively logged forests might not all be the same. Through a pantropical meta-analysis and using an information-theoretic approach, we compared and tested alternative hypotheses for key predictors of the richness of tropical forest fauna in logged forest. We found that the species richness of invertebrates, amphibians, and mammals decreases as logging intensity increases and that this effect varies with taxonomic group and continental location. In particular, mammals and amphibians would suffer a halving of species richness at logging intensities of 38 m(3) ha(-1) and 63 m(3) ha(-1), respectively. Birds exhibit an opposing trend as their total species richness increases with logging intensity. An analysis of forest bird species, however, suggests that this pattern is largely due to an influx of habitat generalists into heavily logged areas while forest specialist species decline. Our study provides a quantitative analysis of the nuanced responses of species along a gradient of logging intensity, which could help inform evidence-based sustainable logging practices from the perspective of biodiversity conservation. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Geophysical Characterization of Serpentinite Hosted Hydrogeology at the McLaughlin Natural Reserve, Coast Range Ophiolite

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ortiz, Estefania; Tominaga, Masako; Cardace, Dawn; Schrenk, Matthew O.; Hoehler, Tori M.; Kubo, Michael D.; Rucker, Dale F.

2018-01-01

Geophysical remote sensing both on land and at sea has emerged as a powerful approach to characterize in situ water-rock interaction processes in time and space. We conducted 2-D Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) surveys to investigate in situ hydrogeological architecture within the Jurassic age tectonic mélange portion of the Coast Range Ophiolite Microbial Observatory (CROMO) during wet and dry seasons, where water-rock interactive processes are thought to facilitate a subsurface biosphere. Integrating survey tracks traversing two previously drilled wells, QV1,1 and CSW1,1 at the CROMO site with wireline and core data, and the Serpentine Valley site, we successfully documented changes in hydrogeologic properties in the CROMO formation, i.e., lateral and vertical distribution of conductive zones and their temporal behavior that are dependent upon seasonal hydrology. Based on the core-log-ERT integration, we propose a hydrogeological architectural model, in which the formation is composed of three distinct aquifer systems: perched serpentinite aquifer without seasonal dependency (shallow system), well-cemented serpentine confining beds with seasonal dependency (intermediate system), serpentinite aquifer (deep system), and the ultramafic basement that acts as a quasi-aquiclude (below the deep system). The stunning contrast between the seasonality in the surface water availability and groundwater storativity in the formation allowed us to locate zones where serpentinite weathering and possibly deeper serpentinization processes might have taken place. We based our findings primarily on lithological composition and the distribution of the conductive formation, our work highlights the link between serpentinite weathering processes and possible sources of water in time and space.

Reservoir description is key to steamflood planning and implementation, Webster Reservoir, Midway-Sunset Field, Kern County, California

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hall, B.R.; Link, M.H.

1988-01-01

The Webster reservoir at Midway-Sunset field, Kern County, California, is an unconsolidated sand reservoir of Miocene age (''Stevens equivalent,'' Monterey Formation). The Webster was discovered in 1910 but, due to poor heavy oil (14/sup 0/ API) economics, development for primary production and subsequent enhanced recovery were sporadic. Currently, the reservoir produces by cyclic steam stimulation in approximately 35 wells. Cumulative oil production for the Webster since 1910 is about 13 million bbl. The Webster is subdivided into two reservoirs - the Webster Intermediate and Webster Main. The Webster Intermediate directly overlies the Webster Main in one area but it ismore » separated by up to 300 ft of shale elsewhere. The combined thickness of both Webster reservoirs averages 250 ft and is located at a drilling depth of 1,100-1,800 ft. From evaluation of modern core data and sand distribution maps, the Webster sands are interpreted to have been deposited by turbidity currents that flowed from southwest to northeast in this area. Oil is trapped in the Webster reservoir where these turbidites were subsequently folded on a northwest-southeast-trending anticline. Detailed recorrelation on wireline logs, stratigraphic zonation, detailed reservoir description by zone, and sedimentary facies identification in modern cores has led to development of a geologic model for the Webster. This model indicates that the Webster Intermediate was deposited predominately by strongly channelized turbidity currents, resulting in channel-fill sands, and that the Webster Main was deposited by less restricted flows, resulting in more lobate deposits.« less

Volcanic Structure of the Gakkel Ridge at 85°E

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Willis, C.; Humphris, S.; Soule, S. A.; Reves-Sohn, R.; Shank, T.; Singh, H.

2007-12-01

We present an initial volcanologic interpretation of a magmatically-robust segment of the ultra-slow spreading (3- 7 mm/yr) Gakkel Ridge at 85°E in the eastern Arctic Basin based on surveys conducted during the July 2007 Arctic GAkkel Vents Expedition (AGAVE). A previous expedition (2001 AMORE) and seismic stations in the area found evidence for active hydrothermal circulation and seismicity that suggested volcanic activity may be ongoing at 85°E. We examine multi-beam bathymetric data, digital imagery, and rock and sediment samples in order to determine the nature of volcanic accretion that is occurring in this environment including the distribution of flow types and their relationship to features of the axial valley. Raw multi-beam bathymetric data was logged by the Kongsberg EM 120 1°x1° multi-beam echo sounder aboard the icbreaker IB Oden. Digital imagery was recorded on five video and still cameras mounted on the CAMPER fiber-optic wireline vehicle, which was towed 1-3m above the seafloor. Digital imagery was recorded on thirteen CAMPER drift-dives over interesting bathymetry including: a volcanic ridge in the axial valley named Duque's Hill, and Oden and Loke volcanoes that are part of the newly discovered Asgard volcanic chain. Talus, lava flows, and volcaniclastics were sampled with the clamshell grabber and slurp suction sampler on CAMPER. A variety of lava morphologies are identified in the imagery including large basalt pillows with buds and other surface ornamentation, lava tubes, lobates, sheet flows, and a thick cover of volcaniclastic sediment over extensive areas suggestive of explosive volcanic activity.

Reservoir description and future development plans for the Unam/Mfem Fields, OML 67, Nigeria

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kofron, B.M.; Jenkinson, J.T.; Maxwell, G.S.

1995-08-01

The Unam/Mfem fields, which are currently produced from three platforms, are, located 25 km offshore (southeastern Nigeria) in water depths of 60 feet to 100 feet. Over 100 MMBO have been produced to date from both unconformity bounded and fault trap reservoirs in the Upper and Middle Biafra Sands. These structural and stratigraphic geometries define at least eleven different reservoirs that are not interconnected. STOIIP for all eleven reservoirs is estimated to exceed 900 MMBO based on a recently completed reservoir characterization study. A two year reservoir description study followed the acquisition of a 1991 3-D seismic survey and resultedmore » in the drilling of six successful wells and two sidetracks. A 3-D model of reservoir geometries and fluid flow properties was generated by integrating geologic, geophysical, and reservoir engineering data. These diverse data sets were interpreted using a combination of workstations, software packages, and displays that included Landmark, IREX, wireline log and seismic correlation charts. A detailed stratigraphic zonation scheme with 28 zones was defined and correlated field wide and subregionally to build the reservoir framework. Twenty seismic horizons were created. More than 300 critical compute, generated grids were then used to calculate STOIIP volumes. This study led to the identification of new pay zones along with a much better understanding of the spatial distribution of all pays within the fields. A revised exploitation strategy has subsequently been proposed which calls for 5 new platforms and the drilling of 21 additional wells over the next few years.« less

Petrophysical evaluation of subterranean formations

DOEpatents

Klein, James D; Schoderbek, David A; Mailloux, Jason M

2013-05-28

Methods and systems are provided for evaluating petrophysical properties of subterranean formations and comprehensively evaluating hydrate presence through a combination of computer-implemented log modeling and analysis. Certain embodiments include the steps of running a number of logging tools in a wellbore to obtain a variety of wellbore data and logs, and evaluating and modeling the log data to ascertain various petrophysical properties. Examples of suitable logging techniques that may be used in combination with the present invention include, but are not limited to, sonic logs, electrical resistivity logs, gamma ray logs, neutron porosity logs, density logs, NRM logs, or any combination or subset thereof.

The leading edge of basement logging science: The detailed in situ volcanic architecture, crustal construction processes, vacancy for water, minerals, and microbes, and beyond

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tominaga, M.

2010-12-01

Understanding the detailed architecture of the upper ocean crust is one of the key components to advance our knowledge on numerous events occurring in the oceanic lithosphere from spreading ridges to subduction zones. Studies on crustal characterization are limited to either the crustal or hand-specimen scales so far, and little has been done at centimeter - meter scale, which potentially ties those two end-member prospects. The lack of this scale is due mainly to the difficulties in direct sampling and the limited resolution of geophysical experiments; as a consequence, critical questions remain unanswered, e.g., what does the cross-section of actual ocean crust look like and what does it tell us?; where exactly in the lithosphere does fluid exist and promote the deep hydration and biosphere?; to what extent do we average out the heterogeneity in the crustal properties depending on the scale? Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Hole 1256D is located at the 15 Ma super-fast spreading Cocos Plate and the first drilled hole that successfully penetrate through the intact upper ocean crust. Coring in the Hole 1256D basement is suffered from the low core recovery rates (~ 32 %) and the origins of recovered cores are mostly biased toward formations with minimal fractures. Wire-line logging in this hole becomes, thus, extremely useful for both the physical and chemical characterization of the crust. In particular, Formation MicroScanner (FMS) data acquired from multiple paths during three drilling expeditions have unprecedented lateral coverage of the borehole wall. The FMS images are the first realization of the cross-section of in situ architecture of the intact upper ocean crust with a centimeter-meter scale resolution. A lithostratigraphy model is reconstructed by integrating the analyses on FMS electrofacies, other physical property logs, and recovered cores. The new lithostratigraphy reveals that nearly 50 % of the in situ lithofacies in the Hole 1256D crust consists of either breccias or highly fractured lava flows, inferring that the shipboard stratigraphy with mostly massive flows is inaccurate. The meticulously deciphered lava morphology tie the lava deposition history in Hole 1256D to the East Pacific Rise surface volcanology, and with this, the upper ocean crustal construction processes in the Hole 1256D crust, from the spreading axis to the abyssal plain, can be proposed. Furthermore, the vacancy in the crustal matrix, where water and minerals can be stored and microbes can exist, is determined from the FMS images. The distribution and areas of the surface void calculated by ImageJ image processor reveals that the visible void in the 1256D crust vary 10 to 60 % depending on lithofacies, with the average of 37 %. This downhole distribution of the void areas also shows the positive correlation with previously observed lab-based porosity and 1-D sonic-log based fractional porosity data. Further study is in progress on scaling of the porosity structure from hand-specimen to crustal scales in the Hole 1256D crust: from the lab porosity data, to 1D sonic-log, to the areas of surface void detected observed in the FMS images, and ultimately to the vertical seismic experiments.

New Mexico Play Fairway Analysis: Gamma Ray Logs and Heat Generation Calculations for SW New Mexico

DOE Data Explorer

Shari Kelley

2015-10-23

For the New Mexico Play fairway Analysis project, gamma ray geophysical well logs from oil wells penetrating the Proterozoic basement in southwestern New Mexico were digitized. Only the portion of the log in the basement was digitized. The gamma ray logs are converted to heat production using the equation (Bucker and Rybach, 1996) : A[µW/m3] = 0.0158 (Gamma Ray [API] – 0.8).

Brief: Multizone subsea completions in the Dai Hung field, Vietnam

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lay, K.R.

1996-04-01

The early production phase of the Dai Hung field development involved drilling and completion of five subsea wells. Owing to the complex nature of the reservoirs, selective multizone completions were installed for effective reservoir data acquisition and reservoir management. Downhole completion designs used equipment that was primarily of existing proven design, and downhole equipment was installed in a single trip. Ongoing reservoir management will be aided by use of a subsea wireline system to facilitate data acquisition.

Auto-Gopher: A Wireline Deep Sampler Driven by Piezoelectric Percussive Actuator and EM Rotary Motor

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Badescu, Mircea; Ressa, Aaron; Jae Lee, Hyeong; Bar-Cohen, Yoseph; Sherrit, Stewart; Zacny, Kris; Paulsen, Gale L.; Beegle, Luther; Bao, Xiaoqi

2013-01-01

The ability to penetrate subsurfaces and perform sample acquisition at depth of meters may be critical for future NASA in-situ exploration missions to bodies in the solar system, including Mars and Europa. A corer/sampler was developed with the goal of enabling acquisition of samples from depths of several meters where if used on Mars would be beyond the oxidized and sterilized zone. For this purpose, we developed a rotary-hammering coring drill, called Auto-Gopher, which employs a piezoelectric actuated percussive mechanism for breaking formations and an electric motor that rotates the bit to remove the powdered cuttings. This sampler is a wireline mechanism that can be fed into and retrieved from the drilled hole using a winch and a cable. It includes an inchworm anchoring mechanism allowing the drill advancement and weight on bit control without twisting the reeling and power cables. The penetration rate is being optimized by simultaneously activating the percussive and rotary motions of the Auto-Gopher. The percussive mechanism is based on the Ultrasonic/Sonic Drill/Corer (USDC) mechanism that is driven by piezoelectric stack and that was demonstrated to require low axial preload. The design and fabrication of this device were presented in previous publications. This paper presents the results of laboratory and field tests and lessons learned from this development.

Review of CMOS Integrated Circuit Technologies for High-Speed Photo-Detection

PubMed Central

Jeong, Gyu-Seob

2017-01-01

The bandwidth requirement of wireline communications has increased exponentially because of the ever-increasing demand for data centers and high-performance computing systems. However, it becomes difficult to satisfy the requirement with legacy electrical links which suffer from frequency-dependent losses due to skin effects, dielectric losses, channel reflections, and crosstalk, resulting in a severe bandwidth limitation. In order to overcome this challenge, it is necessary to introduce optical communication technology, which has been mainly used for long-reach communications, such as long-haul networks and metropolitan area networks, to the medium- and short-reach communication systems. However, there still remain important issues to be resolved to facilitate the adoption of the optical technologies. The most critical challenges are the energy efficiency and the cost competitiveness as compared to the legacy copper-based electrical communications. One possible solution is silicon photonics which has long been investigated by a number of research groups. Despite inherent incompatibility of silicon with the photonic world, silicon photonics is promising and is the only solution that can leverage the mature complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technologies. Silicon photonics can be utilized in not only wireline communications but also countless sensor applications. This paper introduces a brief review of silicon photonics first and subsequently describes the history, overview, and categorization of the CMOS IC technology for high-speed photo-detection without enumerating the complex circuital expressions and terminologies. PMID:28841154

Review of CMOS Integrated Circuit Technologies for High-Speed Photo-Detection.

PubMed

Jeong, Gyu-Seob; Bae, Woorham; Jeong, Deog-Kyoon

2017-08-25

The bandwidth requirement of wireline communications has increased exponentially because of the ever-increasing demand for data centers and high-performance computing systems. However, it becomes difficult to satisfy the requirement with legacy electrical links which suffer from frequency-dependent losses due to skin effects, dielectric losses, channel reflections, and crosstalk, resulting in a severe bandwidth limitation. In order to overcome this challenge, it is necessary to introduce optical communication technology, which has been mainly used for long-reach communications, such as long-haul networks and metropolitan area networks, to the medium- and short-reach communication systems. However, there still remain important issues to be resolved to facilitate the adoption of the optical technologies. The most critical challenges are the energy efficiency and the cost competitiveness as compared to the legacy copper-based electrical communications. One possible solution is silicon photonics which has long been investigated by a number of research groups. Despite inherent incompatibility of silicon with the photonic world, silicon photonics is promising and is the only solution that can leverage the mature complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technologies. Silicon photonics can be utilized in not only wireline communications but also countless sensor applications. This paper introduces a brief review of silicon photonics first and subsequently describes the history, overview, and categorization of the CMOS IC technology for high-speed photo-detection without enumerating the complex circuital expressions and terminologies.

Deep Drilling and Sampling via the Wireline Auto-Gopher Driven by Piezoelectric Percussive Actuator and EM Rotary Motor

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bar-Cohen, Yoseph; Badescu, Mircea; Sherrit, Stewart; Zacny, Kris; Paulsen, Gale L; Beegle, Luther; Bao, Xiaoqi

2012-01-01

The ability to penetrate subsurfaces and perform sample acquisition at depths of meters is critical for future NASA in-situ exploration missions to bodies in the solar system, including Mars and Europa. A corer/sampler was developed with the goal of acquiring pristine samples by reaching depths on Mars beyond the oxidized and sterilized zone. To developed rotary-hammering coring drill, called Auto-Gopher, employs a piezoelectric actuated percussive mechanism for breaking formations and an electric motor rotates the bit to remove the powdered cuttings. This sampler is a wireline mechanism that is incorporated with an inchworm mechanism allowing thru cyclic coring and core removal to reach great depths. The penetration rate is being optimized by simultaneously activating the percussive and rotary motions of the Auto-Gopher. The percussive mechanism is based on the Ultrasonic/Sonic Drill/Corer (USDC) mechanism that is driven by piezoelectric stack and that was demonstrated to require low axial preload. The Auto-Gopher has been produced taking into account the a lessons learned from the development of the Ultrasonic/Sonic Gopher that was designed as a percussive ice drill and was demonstrated in Antarctica in 2005 to reach about 2 meters deep. A field demonstration of the Auto-Gopher is currently being planned with objective of reaching as deep as 3 to 5 meters in tufa subsurface.

Using Web Server Logs in Evaluating Instructional Web Sites.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ingram, Albert L.

2000-01-01

Web server logs contain a great deal of information about who uses a Web site and how they use it. This article discusses the analysis of Web logs for instructional Web sites; reviews the data stored in most Web server logs; demonstrates what further information can be gleaned from the logs; and discusses analyzing that information for the…

The Feasibility of Using Cluster Analysis to Examine Log Data from Educational Video Games. CRESST Report 790

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kerr, Deirdre; Chung, Gregory K. W. K.; Iseli, Markus R.

2011-01-01

Analyzing log data from educational video games has proven to be a challenging endeavor. In this paper, we examine the feasibility of using cluster analysis to extract information from the log files that is interpretable in both the context of the game and the context of the subject area. If cluster analysis can be used to identify patterns of…

Lithology and mineralogy recognition from geochemical logging tool data using multivariate statistical analysis.

PubMed

Konaté, Ahmed Amara; Ma, Huolin; Pan, Heping; Qin, Zhen; Ahmed, Hafizullah Abba; Dembele, N'dji Dit Jacques

2017-10-01

The availability of a deep well that penetrates deep into the Ultra High Pressure (UHP) metamorphic rocks is unusual and consequently offers a unique chance to study the metamorphic rocks. One such borehole is located in the southern part of Donghai County in the Sulu UHP metamorphic belt of Eastern China, from the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Main hole. This study reports the results obtained from the analysis of oxide log data. A geochemical logging tool provides in situ, gamma ray spectroscopy measurements of major and trace elements in the borehole. Dry weight percent oxide concentration logs obtained for this study were SiO 2 , K 2 O, TiO 2 , H 2 O, CO 2 , Na 2 O, Fe 2 O 3 , FeO, CaO, MnO, MgO, P 2 O 5 and Al 2 O 3 . Cross plot and Principal Component Analysis methods were applied for lithology characterization and mineralogy description respectively. Cross plot analysis allows lithological variations to be characterized. Principal Component Analysis shows that the oxide logs can be summarized by two components related to the feldspar and hydrous minerals. This study has shown that geochemical logging tool data is accurate and adequate to be tremendously useful in UHP metamorphic rocks analysis. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

SU-E-T-142: Automatic Linac Log File: Analysis and Reporting

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gainey, M; Rothe, T

Purpose: End to end QA for IMRT/VMAT is time consuming. Automated linac log file analysis and recalculation of daily recorded fluence, and hence dose, distribution bring this closer. Methods: Matlab (R2014b, Mathworks) software was written to read in and analyse IMRT/VMAT trajectory log files (TrueBeam 1.5, Varian Medical Systems) overnight, and are archived on a backed-up network drive (figure). A summary report (PDF) is sent by email to the duty linac physicist. A structured summary report (PDF) for each patient is automatically updated for embedding into the R&V system (Mosaiq 2.5, Elekta AG). The report contains cross-referenced hyperlinks to easemore » navigation between treatment fractions. Gamma analysis can be performed on planned (DICOM RTPlan) and treated (trajectory log) fluence distributions. Trajectory log files can be converted into RTPlan files for dose distribution calculation (Eclipse, AAA10.0.28, VMS). Results: All leaf positions are within +/−0.10mm: 57% within +/−0.01mm; 89% within 0.05mm. Mean leaf position deviation is 0.02mm. Gantry angle variations lie in the range −0.1 to 0.3 degrees, mean 0.04 degrees. Fluence verification shows excellent agreement between planned and treated fluence. Agreement between planned and treated dose distribution, the derived from log files, is very good. Conclusion: Automated log file analysis is a valuable tool for the busy physicist, enabling potential treated fluence distribution errors to be quickly identified. In the near future we will correlate trajectory log analysis with routine IMRT/VMAT QA analysis. This has the potential to reduce, but not eliminate, the QA workload.« less

Meta-Analysis of the Reduction of Norovirus and Male-Specific Coliphage Concentrations in Wastewater Treatment Plants.

PubMed

Pouillot, Régis; Van Doren, Jane M; Woods, Jacquelina; Plante, Daniel; Smith, Mark; Goblick, Gregory; Roberts, Christopher; Locas, Annie; Hajen, Walter; Stobo, Jeffrey; White, John; Holtzman, Jennifer; Buenaventura, Enrico; Burkhardt, William; Catford, Angela; Edwards, Robyn; DePaola, Angelo; Calci, Kevin R

2015-07-01

Human norovirus (NoV) is the leading cause of foodborne illness in the United States and Canada. Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents impacting bivalve mollusk-growing areas are potential sources of NoV contamination. We have developed a meta-analysis that evaluates WWTP influent concentrations and log10 reductions of NoV genotype I (NoV GI; in numbers of genome copies per liter [gc/liter]), NoV genotype II (NoV GII; in gc/liter), and male-specific coliphage (MSC; in number of PFU per liter), a proposed viral surrogate for NoV. The meta-analysis included relevant data (2,943 measurements) reported in the scientific literature through September 2013 and previously unpublished surveillance data from the United States and Canada. Model results indicated that the mean WWTP influent concentration of NoV GII (3.9 log10 gc/liter; 95% credible interval [CI], 3.5, 4.3 log10 gc/liter) is larger than the value for NoV GI (1.5 log10 gc/liter; 95% CI, 0.4, 2.4 log10 gc/liter), with large variations occurring from one WWTP to another. For WWTPs with mechanical systems and chlorine disinfection, mean log10 reductions were -2.4 log10 gc/liter (95% CI, -3.9, -1.1 log10 gc/liter) for NoV GI, -2.7 log10 gc/liter (95% CI, -3.6, -1.9 log10 gc/liter) for NoV GII, and -2.9 log10 PFU per liter (95% CI, -3.4, -2.4 log10 PFU per liter) for MSCs. Comparable values for WWTPs with lagoon systems and chlorine disinfection were -1.4 log10 gc/liter (95% CI, -3.3, 0.5 log10 gc/liter) for NoV GI, -1.7 log10 gc/liter (95% CI, -3.1, -0.3 log10 gc/liter) for NoV GII, and -3.6 log10 PFU per liter (95% CI, -4.8, -2.4 PFU per liter) for MSCs. Within WWTPs, correlations exist between mean NoV GI and NoV GII influent concentrations and between the mean log10 reduction in NoV GII and the mean log10 reduction in MSCs. Copyright © 2015, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Interpretation of well logs in a carbonate aquifer

USGS Publications Warehouse

MacCary, L.M.

1978-01-01

This report describes the log analysis of the Randolph and Sabial core holes in the Edwards aquifer in Texas, with particular attention to the principles that can be applied generally to any carbonate system. The geologic and hydrologic data were obtained during the drilling of the two holes, from extensive laboratory analysis of the cores, and from numerous geophysical logs run in the two holes. Some logging methods are inherently superiors to others for the analysis of limestone and dolomite aquifers. Three such systems are the dentistry, neutron, and acoustic-velocity (sonic) logs. Most of the log analysis described here is based on the interpretation of suites of logs from these three systems. In certain instances, deeply focused resistivity logs can be used to good advantage in carbonate rock studies; this technique is used to computer the water resistivity in the Randolph core hole. The rocks penetrated by the Randolph core hole are typical of those carbonates that have undergone very little solution by recent ground-water circulation. There are few large solutional openings; the water is saline; and the rocks are dark, dolomitic, have pore space that is interparticle or intercrystalline, and contain unoxidized organic material. The total porosity of rocks in the saline zone is higher than that of rocks in the fresh-water aquifer; however, the intrinsic permeability is much less in the saline zone because there are fewer large solutional openings. The Sabinal core hole penetrates a carbonate environment that has experienced much solution by ground water during recent geologic time. The rocks have high secondary porosities controlled by sedimentary structures within the rock; the water is fresh; and the dominant rock composition is limestone. The relative percentages of limestone and dolomite, the average matrix (grain) densities of the rock mixtures , and the porosity of the rock mass can be calculated from density, neutron, and acoustic logs. With supporting data from resistivity logs, the formation water quality can be estimated, as well as the relative cementation or tortuosity of the rock. Many of these properties calculated from logs can be verified by analysis of the core available from test holes drilled in the saline and fresh water zones.

Methodology for locating defects within hardwood logs and determining their impact on lumber-value yield

Treesearch

Thomas Harless; Francis G. Wagner; Phillip Steele; Fred Taylor; Vikram Yadama; Charles W. McMillin

1991-01-01

A precise research methodology is described by which internal log-defect locations may help select hardwood log ortentation and sawing procedure to improve lumber value. Procedures for data collection, data handling, simulated sawing, and data analysis are described. A single test log verified the methodology. Results from this log showed significant differences in...

Web Log Analysis: A Study of Instructor Evaluations Done Online

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Klassen, Kenneth J.; Smith, Wayne

2004-01-01

This paper focuses on developing a relatively simple method for analyzing web-logs. It also explores the challenges and benefits of web-log analysis. The study of student behavior on this site provides insights into website design and the effectiveness of this site in particular. Another benefit realized from the paper is the ease with which these…

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

McCord, Jason

WLS gathers all known relevant contextual data along with standard event log information, processes it into an easily consumable format for analysis by 3rd party tools, and forwards the logs to any compatible log server.

Multicriteria evaluation of simulated logging scenarios in a tropical rain forest.

PubMed

Huth, Andreas; Drechsler, Martin; Köhler, Peter

2004-07-01

Forest growth models are useful tools for investigating the long-term impacts of logging. In this paper, the results of the rain forest growth model FORMIND were assessed by a multicriteria decision analysis. The main processes covered by FORMIND include tree growth, mortality, regeneration and competition. Tree growth is calculated based on a carbon balance approach. Trees compete for light and space; dying large trees fall down and create gaps in the forest. Sixty-four different logging scenarios for an initially undisturbed forest stand at Deramakot (Malaysia) were simulated. The scenarios differ regarding the logging cycle, logging method, cutting limit and logging intensity. We characterise the impacts with four criteria describing the yield, canopy opening and changes in species composition. Multicriteria decision analysis was used for the first time to evaluate the scenarios and identify the efficient ones. Our results plainly show that reduced-impact logging scenarios are more 'efficient' than the others, since in these scenarios forest damage is minimised without significantly reducing yield. Nevertheless, there is a trade-off between yield and achieving a desired ecological state of logged forest; the ecological state of the logged forests can only be improved by reducing yields and enlarging the logging cycles. Our study also demonstrates that high cutting limits or low logging intensities cannot compensate for the high level of damage caused by conventional logging techniques.

Financial and Economic Analysis of Reduced Impact Logging

Treesearch

Tom Holmes

2016-01-01

Concern regarding extensive damage to tropical forests resulting from logging increased dramatically after World War II when mechanized logging systems developed in industrialized countries were deployed in the tropics. As a consequence, tropical foresters began developing logging procedures that were more environmentally benign, and by the 1990s, these practices began...

Multizone subsea completions in the Dai Hung field, Vietnam

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lay, K.R.

1996-09-01

The early production phase of the Dai Hung field development resulted in the drilling and completion of five subsea wells. Because of the complex nature of the reservoirs, selective multizone completions were installed for effective reservoir data acquisition and reservoir management. The downhole completion designs used equipment that was primarily of existing proven design and downhole equipment installation was successfully achieved in a single trip. Ongoing reservoir management will be aided by the use of a subsea wireline system to facilitate data acquisition.

Coil tubing fishing operations utilize a first time technique to strip over and recover 9500 feet of stuck slickline wire

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Forgenie, V.H.; Heiberger, E.M.; Kelso, L.K.

1995-12-31

Coil tubing was utilized to perform a modified strip over operation and recover 9500 ft. of stuck slickline (0.108 in.) wire. The technique, thought to be an industry first, eliminated the risky option of recovering the wire piecemeal via conventional wireline fishing operations. This paper documents the background that lead to the development of the technique. An operational summary details its implementation and illustrations are included of the special tools and techniques employed.

75 FR 48629 - Electronic Tariff Filing System (ETFS)

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-11

...In this document, the Federal Communications Commission (Commission) seeks comment on extending the electronic tariff filing requirement for incumbent local exchange carriers to all carriers that file tariffs and related documents. Additionally, the Commission seeks comment on the appropriate time frame for implementing this proposed requirement. The Commission also seeks comment on the proposal that the Chief of the Wireline Competition Bureau administer the adoption of this extended electronic filing requirement. Also, the Commission seeks comment on proposed rule changes to implement mandatory electronic tariff filing.

An Analysis of the Differences among Log Scaling Methods and Actual Log Volume

Treesearch

R. Edward Thomas; Neal D. Bennett

2017-01-01

Log rules estimate the volume of green lumber that can be expected to result from the sawing of a log. As such, this ability to reliably predict lumber recovery forms the foundation of log sales and purchase. The more efficient a sawmill, the less the scaling methods reflect the actual volume recovery and the greater the overrun factor. Using high-resolution scanned...

Flow unit modeling and fine-scale predicted permeability validation in Atokan sandstones: Norcan East Kansas

USGS Publications Warehouse

Bhattacharya, S.; Byrnes, A.P.; Watney, W.L.; Doveton, J.H.

2008-01-01

Characterizing the reservoir interval into flow units is an effective way to subdivide the net-pay zone into layers for reservoir simulation. Commonly used flow unit identification techniques require a reliable estimate of permeability in the net pay on a foot-by-foot basis. Most of the wells do not have cores, and the literature is replete with different kinds of correlations, transforms, and prediction methods for profiling permeability in pay. However, for robust flow unit determination, predicted permeability at noncored wells requires validation and, if necessary, refinement. This study outlines the use o f a spreadsheet-based permeability validation technique to characterize flow units in wells from the Norcan East field, Clark County, Kansas, that produce from Atokan aged fine- to very fine-grained quartzarenite sandstones interpreted to have been deposited in brackish-water, tidally dominated restricted tidal-flat, tidal-channel, tidal-bar, and estuary bay environments within a small incised-valley-fill system. The methodology outlined enables the identification of fieldwide free-water level and validates and refines predicted permeability at 0.5-ft (0.15-m) intervals by iteratively reconciling differences in water saturation calculated from wire-line log and a capillary-pressure formulation that models fine- to very fine-grained sandstone with diagenetic clay and silt or shale laminae. The effectiveness of this methodology was confirmed by successfully matching primary and secondary production histories using a flow unit-based reservoir model of the Norcan East field without permeability modifications. The methodologies discussed should prove useful for robust flow unit characterization of different kinds of reservoirs. Copyright ?? 2008. The American Association of Petroleum Geologists. All rights reserved.

Wireless networks of opportunity in support of secure field operations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stehle, Roy H.; Lewis, Mark

1997-02-01

Under funding from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) for joint military and law enforcement technologies, demonstrations of secure information transfer in support of law enforcement and military operations other than war, using wireless and wired technology, were held in September 1996 at several locations in the United States. In this paper, the network architecture, protocols, and equipment supporting the demonstration's scenarios are presented, together with initial results, including lessons learned and desired system enhancements. Wireless networks of opportunity encompassed in-building (wireless-LAN), campus-wide (Metricom Inc.), metropolitan (AMPS cellular, CDPD), and national (one- and two-way satellite) systems. Evolving DARPA-sponsored packet radio technology was incorporated. All data was encrypted, using multilevel information system security initiative (MISSI)FORTEZZA technology, for carriage over unsecured and unclassified commercial networks. The identification and authentication process inherent in the security system permitted logging for database accesses and provided an audit trail useful in evidence gathering. Wireless and wireline communications support, to and between modeled crisis management centers, was demonstrated. Mechanisms for the guarded transport of data through the secret-high military tactical Internet were included, to support joint law enforcement and crisis management missions. A secure World Wide Web (WWW) browser forms the primary, user-friendly interface for information retrieval and submission. The WWW pages were structured to be sensitive to the bandwidth, error rate, and cost of the communications medium in use (e.g., the use of and resolution for graphical data). Both still and motion compressed video were demonstrated, along with secure voice transmission from laptop computers in the field. Issues of network bandwidth, airtime costs, and deployment status are discussed.

The Northern Gulf of Mexico During OAE2 and the Relationship Between Water Depth and Black Shale Development

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lowery, Christopher M.; Cunningham, Robert; Barrie, Craig D.; Bralower, Timothy; Snedden, John W.

2017-12-01

Despite their name, Oceanic Anoxic Events (OAEs) are not periods of uniform anoxia and black shale deposition in ancient oceans. Shelf environments account for the majority of productivity and organic carbon burial in the modern ocean, and this was likely true in the Cretaceous as well. However, it is unlikely that the mechanisms for such an increase were uniform across all shelf environments. Some, like the northwest margin of Africa, were characterized by strong upwelling, but what might drive enhanced productivity on shelves not geographically suited for upwelling? To address this, we use micropaleontology, carbon isotopes, and sedimentology to present the first record of Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 (OAE2) from the northern Gulf of Mexico shelf. Here OAE2 occurred during the deposition of the well-oxygenated, inner neritic/lower estuarine Lower Tuscaloosa Sandstone. The overlying organic-rich oxygen-poor Marine Tuscaloosa Shale is entirely Turonian in age. We trace organic matter enrichment from the Spinks Core into the deepwater Gulf of Mexico, where wireline log calculations and public geochemical data indicate organic enrichment and anoxia throughout the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary interval. Redox change and organic matter preservation across the Gulf of Mexico shelf were driven by sea level rise prior to the early Turonian highstand, which caused the advection of nutrient-rich, oxygen-poor waters onto the shelf. This results in organic matter mass accumulation rates 1-2 orders of magnitude lower than upwelling sites like the NW African margin, but it likely occurred over a much larger geographic area, suggesting that sea level rise was an important component of the overall increase in carbon burial during OAE2.

The association in a two-way contingency table through log odds ratio analysis: the case of Sarno river pollution.

PubMed

Camminatiello, Ida; D'Ambra, Antonello; Sarnacchiaro, Pasquale

2014-01-01

In this paper we are proposing a general framework for the analysis of the complete set of log Odds Ratios (ORs) generated by a two-way contingency table. Starting from the RC (M) association model and hypothesizing a Poisson distribution for the counts of the two-way contingency table we are obtaining the weighted Log Ratio Analysis that we are extending to the study of log ORs. Particularly we are obtaining an indirect representation of the log ORs and some synthesis measures. Then for studying the matrix of log ORs we are performing a generalized Singular Value Decomposition that allows us to obtain a direct representation of log ORs. We also expect to get summary measures of association too. We have considered the matrix of complete set of ORs, because, it is linked to the two-way contingency table in terms of variance and it allows us to represent all the ORs on a factorial plan. Finally, a two-way contingency table, which crosses pollution of the Sarno river and sampling points, is to be analyzed to illustrate the proposed framework.

Petrophysical analysis of geophysical logs of the National Drilling Company-U.S. Geological Survey ground-water research project for Abu Dhabi Emirate, United Arab Emirates

USGS Publications Warehouse

Jorgensen, Donald G.; Petricola, Mario

1994-01-01

A program of borehole-geophysical logging was implemented to supply geologic and geohydrologic information for a regional ground-water investigation of Abu Dhabi Emirate. Analysis of geophysical logs was essential to provide information on geohydrologic properties because drill cuttings were not always adequate to define lithologic boundaries. The standard suite of logs obtained at most project test holes consisted of caliper, spontaneous potential, gamma ray, dual induction, microresistivity, compensated neutron, compensated density, and compensated sonic. Ophiolitic detritus from the nearby Oman Mountains has unusual petrophysical properties that complicated the interpretation of geophysical logs. The density of coarse ophiolitic detritus is typically greater than 3.0 grams per cubic centimeter, porosity values are large, often exceeding 45 percent, and the clay fraction included unusual clays, such as lizardite. Neither the spontaneous-potential log nor the natural gamma-ray log were useable clay indicators. Because intrinsic permeability is a function of clay content, additional research in determining clay content was critical. A research program of geophysical logging was conducted to determine the petrophysical properties of the shallow subsurface formations. The logging included spectral-gamma and thermal-decay-time logs. These logs, along with the standard geophysical logs, were correlated to mineralogy and whole-rock chemistry as determined from sidewall cores. Thus, interpretation of lithology and fluids was accomplished. Permeability and specific yield were calculated from geophysical-log data and correlated to results from an aquifer test. On the basis of results from the research logging, a method of lithologic and water-resistivity interpretation was developed for the test holes at which the standard suite of logs were obtained. In addition, a computer program was developed to assist in the analysis of log data. Geohydrologic properties were estimated, including volume of clay matrix, volume of matrix other than clay, density of matrix other than clay, density of matrix, intrinsic permeability, specific yield, and specific storage. Geophysical logs were used to (1) determine lithology, (2) correlate lithologic and permeable zones, (3) calibrate seismic reprocessing, (4) calibrate transient-electromagnetic surveys, and (5) calibrate uphole-survey interpretations. Logs were used at the drill site to (1) determine permeability zones, (2) determine dissolved-solids content, which is a function of water resistivity, and (3) design wells accordingly. Data and properties derived from logs were used to determine transmissivity and specific yield of aquifer materials.

Keystroke Analysis: Reflections on Procedures and Measures

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Baaijen, Veerle M.; Galbraith, David; de Glopper, Kees

2012-01-01

Although keystroke logging promises to provide a valuable tool for writing research, it can often be difficult to relate logs to underlying processes. This article describes the procedures and measures that the authors developed to analyze a sample of 80 keystroke logs, with a view to achieving a better alignment between keystroke-logging measures…

Electronic Warfare M-on-N Digital Simulation Logging Requirements and HDF5: A Preliminary Analysis

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-04-12

LOGGING STREAM The goal of this report is to investigate logging of EW simulations not at the level of implementation in a database management ...differences of the logging stream and relational models.  A hierarchical navigation query style appears very natural for our application. Yet the

Selective logging in the Brazilian Amazon.

Treesearch

G. P. Asner; D. E. Knapp; E. N. Broadbent; P. J. C. Oliveira; M Keller; J. N. Silva

2005-01-01

Amazon deforestation has been measured by remote sensing for three decades. In comparison, selective logging has been mostly invisible to satellites. We developed a large-scale, high-resolution, automated remote-sensing analysis of selective logging in the top five timber-producing states of the Brazilian Amazon. Logged areas ranged from 12,075 to 19,823 square...

Technoeconomic analysis of conventional logging systems operating from stump to landing

Treesearch

Raymond L. Sarles; William G. Luppold; William G. Luppold

1986-01-01

Analyzes technical and economic factors for six conventional logging systems suitable for operation in eastern forests. Discusses financial risks and business implications for loggers investing in high-production, state-of-the-art logging systems. Provides logging contractors with information useful as a preliminary guide for selection of equipment and systems....

Locating knots by industrial tomography- A feasibility study

Treesearch

Fred W. Taylor; Francis G. Wagner; Charles W. McMillin; Ira L. Morgan; Forrest F. Hopkins

1984-01-01

Industrial photon tomography was used to scan four southern pine logs and one red oak log. The logs were scanned at 16 cross-sectional slice planes located 1 centimeter apart along their longitudinal axes. Tomographic reconstructions were made from the scan data collected at these slice planes, and a cursory image analysis technique was developed to locate the log...

Incidence of Russian log export tax: A vertical log-lumber model

Treesearch

Ying Lin; Daowei Zhang

2017-01-01

In 2007, Russia imposed an ad valorem tax on its log exports that lasted until 2012. In this paper, weuse a Muth-type equilibrium displacement model to investigate the market and welfare impacts of this tax, utilizing a vertical linkage between log and lumber markets and considering factor substitution. Our theoretical analysis indicates...

Geophysical log analysis of selected test and residential wells at the Shenandoah Road National Superfund Site, East Fishkill, Dutchess County, New York

USGS Publications Warehouse

Reynolds, Richard J.; Anderson, J. Alton; Williams, John H.

2015-01-01

The geophysical logs and their analyses are available for display and download from the U.S. Geological Survey, New York Water Science Center, online geophysical log archive (http://ny.water.usgs.gov/maps/geologs/) in LAS (Log ASCII Standard), PDF, and WellCad formats.

Interactive machine learning for postprocessing CT images of hardwood logs

Treesearch

Erol Sarigul; A. Lynn Abbott; Daniel L. Schmoldt

2003-01-01

This paper concerns the nondestructive evaluation of hardwood logs through the analysis of computed tomography (CT) images. Several studies have shown that the commercial value of resulting boards can be increased substantially if log sawing strategies are chosen using prior knowledge of internal log defects. Although CT imaging offers a potential means of obtaining...

Evaluation of residual oil saturation after waterflood in a carbonate reservoir

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Verma, M.K.; Boucherit, M.; Bouvier, L.

Four different approaches, including special core analysis (SCAL), log-inject-log, thermal-decay-time (TDT) logs, and material balance, were used to narrow the range of residual oil saturation (ROS) after waterflood, S[sub orw], in a carbonate reservoir in Qatar to between 23% and 27%. An equation was developed that relates S[sub orw] with connate-water saturation, S[sub wi], and porosity. This paper presents the results of S[sub orw] determinations with four different techniques: core waterflood followed by centrifuging, log-inject-log, TDT logging, and material balance.

A new method for correlation analysis of compositional (environmental) data - a worked example.

PubMed

Reimann, C; Filzmoser, P; Hron, K; Kynčlová, P; Garrett, R G

2017-12-31

Most data in environmental sciences and geochemistry are compositional. Already the unit used to report the data (e.g., μg/l, mg/kg, wt%) implies that the analytical results for each element are not free to vary independently of the other measured variables. This is often neglected in statistical analysis, where a simple log-transformation of the single variables is insufficient to put the data into an acceptable geometry. This is also important for bivariate data analysis and for correlation analysis, for which the data need to be appropriately log-ratio transformed. A new approach based on the isometric log-ratio (ilr) transformation, leading to so-called symmetric coordinates, is presented here. Summarizing the correlations in a heat-map gives a powerful tool for bivariate data analysis. Here an application of the new method using a data set from a regional geochemical mapping project based on soil O and C horizon samples is demonstrated. Differences to 'classical' correlation analysis based on log-transformed data are highlighted. The fact that some expected strong positive correlations appear and remain unchanged even following a log-ratio transformation has probably led to the misconception that the special nature of compositional data can be ignored when working with trace elements. The example dataset is employed to demonstrate that using 'classical' correlation analysis and plotting XY diagrams, scatterplots, based on the original or simply log-transformed data can easily lead to severe misinterpretations of the relationships between elements. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Logging impacts on avian species richness and composition differ across latitudes relative to foraging and breeding habitat preferences

USGS Publications Warehouse

LaManna, Joseph A.; Martin, Thomas E.

2017-01-01

Understanding the causes underlying changes in species diversity is a fundamental pursuit of ecology. Animal species richness and composition often change with decreased forest structural complexity associated with logging. Yet differences in latitude and forest type may strongly influence how species diversity responds to logging. We performed a meta-analysis of logging effects on local species richness and composition of birds across the world and assessed responses by different guilds (nesting strata, foraging strata, diet, and body size). This approach allowed identification of species attributes that might underlie responses to this anthropogenic disturbance. We only examined studies that allowed forests to regrow naturally following logging, and accounted for logging intensity, spatial extent, successional regrowth after logging, and the change in species composition expected due to random assembly from regional species pools. Selective logging in the tropics and clearcut logging in temperate latitudes caused loss of species from nearly all forest strata (ground to canopy), leading to substantial declines in species richness (up to 27% of species). Few species were lost or gained following any intensity of logging in lower-latitude temperate forests, but the relative abundances of these species changed substantially. Selective logging at higher-temperate latitudes generally replaced late-successional specialists with early-successional specialists, leading to no net changes in species richness but large changes in species composition. Removing less basal area during logging mitigated the loss of avian species from all forests and, in some cases, increased diversity in temperate forests. This meta-analysis provides insights into the important role of habitat specialization in determining differential responses of animal communities to logging across tropical and temperate latitudes.

Logging impacts on avian species richness and composition differ across latitudes and foraging and breeding habitat preferences.

PubMed

LaManna, Joseph A; Martin, Thomas E

2017-08-01

Understanding the causes underlying changes in species diversity is a fundamental pursuit of ecology. Animal species richness and composition often change with decreased forest structural complexity associated with logging. Yet differences in latitude and forest type may strongly influence how species diversity responds to logging. We performed a meta-analysis of logging effects on local species richness and composition of birds across the world and assessed responses by different guilds (nesting strata, foraging strata, diet, and body size). This approach allowed identification of species attributes that might underlie responses to this anthropogenic disturbance. We only examined studies that allowed forests to regrow naturally following logging, and accounted for logging intensity, spatial extent, successional regrowth after logging, and the change in species composition expected due to random assembly from regional species pools. Selective logging in the tropics and clearcut logging in temperate latitudes caused loss of species from nearly all forest strata (ground to canopy), leading to substantial declines in species richness (up to 27% of species). Few species were lost or gained following any intensity of logging in lower-latitude temperate forests, but the relative abundances of these species changed substantially. Selective logging at higher-temperate latitudes generally replaced late-successional specialists with early-successional specialists, leading to no net changes in species richness but large changes in species composition. Removing less basal area during logging mitigated the loss of avian species from all forests and, in some cases, increased diversity in temperate forests. This meta-analysis provides insights into the important role of habitat specialization in determining differential responses of animal communities to logging across tropical and temperate latitudes. © 2016 Cambridge Philosophical Society.

Using low-grade hardwoods for CLT production: a yield analysis

Treesearch

R. Edward Thomas; Urs Buehlmann

2017-01-01

Low-grade hardwood logs are the by-product of logging operations and, more frequently today, urban tree removals. The market prices for these logs is low, as is the value recovered from their logs when producing traditional forest products such as pallet parts, railroad ties, landscaping mulch, or chips for pulp. However, the emergence of cross-laminated timber (CLT)...

Predicting internal yellow-poplar log defect features using surface indicators

Treesearch

R. Edward Thomas

2008-01-01

Determining the defects that are located within the log is crucial to understanding the tree/log resource for efficient processing. However, existing means of doing this non-destructively requires the use of expensive X-ray/CT, MRI, or microwave technology. These methods do not lend themselves to fast, efficient, and cost-effective analysis of logs and tree stems in...

Opening the Black Box of Electronic Health: Collecting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Log Data

PubMed Central

Kelders, Saskia; Poel, Mannes; van Gemert-Pijnen, Lisette

2017-01-01

In electronic health (eHealth) research, limited insight has been obtained on process outcomes or how the use of technology has contributed to the users’ ability to have a healthier life, improved well-being, or activate new attitudes in their daily tasks. As a result, eHealth is often perceived as a black box. To open this black box of eHealth, methodologies must extend beyond the classic effect evaluations. The analyses of log data (anonymous records of real-time actions performed by each user) can provide continuous and objective insights into the actual usage of the technology. However, the possibilities of log data in eHealth research have not been exploited to their fullest extent. The aim of this paper is to describe how log data can be used to improve the evaluation and understand the use of eHealth technology with a broader approach than only descriptive statistics. This paper serves as a starting point for using log data analysis in eHealth research. Here, we describe what log data is and provide an overview of research questions to evaluate the system, the context, the users of a technology, as well as the underpinning theoretical constructs. We also explain the requirements for log data, the starting points for the data preparation, and methods for data collection. Finally, we describe methods for data analysis and draw a conclusion regarding the importance of the results for both scientific and practical applications. The analysis of log data can be of great value for opening the black box of eHealth. A deliberate log data analysis can give new insights into how the usage of the technology contributes to found effects and can thereby help to improve the persuasiveness and effectiveness of eHealth technology and the underpinning behavioral models. PMID:28784592

Performance analysis of MIMO wireless optical communication system with Q-ary PPM over correlated log-normal fading channel

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Huiqin; Wang, Xue; Lynette, Kibe; Cao, Minghua

2018-06-01

The performance of multiple-input multiple-output wireless optical communication systems that adopt Q-ary pulse position modulation over spatial correlated log-normal fading channel is analyzed in terms of its un-coded bit error rate and ergodic channel capacity. The analysis is based on the Wilkinson's method which approximates the distribution of a sum of correlated log-normal random variables to a log-normal random variable. The analytical and simulation results corroborate the increment of correlation coefficients among sub-channels lead to system performance degradation. Moreover, the receiver diversity has better performance in resistance of spatial correlation caused channel fading.

Establishing the Relationship between Fracture-Related Dolomite and Primary Rock Fabric on the Distribution of Reservoirs in the Michigan Basin

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

G. Michael Grammer

2006-09-30

This topical report covers the year 2 of the subject 3-year grant, evaluating the relationship between fracture-related dolomite and dolomite constrained by primary rock fabric in the 3 most prolific reservoir intervals in the Michigan Basin (Ordovician Trenton-Black River Formations; Silurian Niagara Group; and the Devonian Dundee Formation). The characterization of select dolomite reservoirs has been the major focus of our efforts in Phase II/Year 2. Fields have been prioritized based upon the availability of rock data for interpretation of depositional environments, fracture density and distribution as well as thin section, geochemical, and petrophysical analyses. Structural mapping and log analysismore » in the Dundee (Devonian) and Trenton/Black River (Ordovician) suggest a close spatial relationship among gross dolomite distribution and regional-scale, wrench fault related NW-SE and NE-SW structural trends. A high temperature origin for much of the dolomite in the 3 studied intervals (based upon initial fluid inclusion homogenization temperatures and stable isotopic analyses,) coupled with persistent association of this dolomite in reservoirs coincident with wrench fault-related features, is strong evidence for these reservoirs being influenced by hydrothermal dolomitization. For the Niagaran (Silurian), a comprehensive high resolution sequence stratigraphic framework has been developed for a pinnacle reef in the northern reef trend where we had 100% core coverage throughout the reef section. Major findings to date are that facies types, when analyzed at a detailed level, have direct links to reservoir porosity and permeability in these dolomites. This pattern is consistent with our original hypothesis of primary facies control on dolomitization and resulting reservoir quality at some level. The identification of distinct and predictable vertical stacking patterns within a hierarchical sequence and cycle framework provides a high degree of confidence at this point that results will be exportable throughout the basin. Ten petrophysically significant facies have been described in the northern reef trend, providing significantly more resolution than the standard 4-6 that are used most often in the basin (e.g. Gill, 1977). Initial petrophysical characterization (sonic velocity analysis under confining pressures) shows a clear pattern that is dependent upon facies and resulting pore architecture. Primary facies is a key factor in the ultimate diagenetic modification of the rock and the resulting pore architecture. Facies with good porosity and permeability clearly show relatively slow velocity values as would be expected, and low porosity and permeability samples exhibit fast sonic velocity values, again as expected. What is significant is that some facies that have high porosity values, either measured directly or from wireline logs, also have very fast sonic velocity values. This is due to these facies having a pore architecture characterized by more localized pores (vugs, molds or fractures) that are not in communication.« less

Harmonic Phase Responses of Radio Frequency Electronics: Wireline Test

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-12-01

sinusoids to port 1; the output from port 1 (forward-traveling wave) is measured as A1. The N-VNA measures the reflection back into port 1 (reverse...2 different input power levels: –10 and 0 dBm. In all of the reported data, frequency is given in Hz, f = ω/2π. Figures 3–15 contain measured data...for 6 targets and the no-target (open-circuit) case. In Figs. 4–15, the upper plot is data measured when the target is directly connected to port 1

Comparison of logging residue from lump sum and log scale timber sales.

Treesearch

James O Howard; Donald J. DeMars

1985-01-01

Data from 1973 and 1980 logging residues studies were used to compare the volume of residue from lump sum and log scale timber sales. Covariance analysis was used to adjust the mean volume for each data set for potential variation resulting from differences in stand conditions. Mean residue volumes from the two sale types were significantly different at the 5-percent...

Tractor-logging costs and production in old-growth redwood forests

Treesearch

Kenneth N. Boe

1963-01-01

A cost accounting analysis of full-scale logging operations in old-growth redwood during 2 years revealed that it cost $12.24 per M bd. ft. (gross Scribner log scale) to get logs on trucks. Road development costs averaged another $5.19 per M bd. ft. Felling-bucking production was calculated by average tree d.b.h. Both skidding and loading outputs per hour were...

Financial feasibility of a log sort yard handling small-diameter logs: A preliminary study

Treesearch

Han-Sup Han; E. M. (Ted) Bilek; John (Rusty) Dramm; Dan Loeffler; Dave Calkin

2011-01-01

The value and use of the trees removed in fuel reduction thinning and restoration treatments could be enhanced if the wood were effectively evaluated and sorted for quality and highest value before delivery to the next manufacturing destination. This article summarizes a preliminary financial feasibility analysis of a log sort yard that would serve as a log market to...

Long-term effects of eliminating illegal logging on the world forest industries, trade, and inventory

Treesearch

Ruhong Li; J. Buongiorno; J.A. Turner; S. Zhu; J. Prestemon

2008-01-01

We assessed the impact on the world forest sector of a progressive elimination of illegal logging. The analysis compared predictions from 2007 to 2020, with and without a gradual reduction of illegally logged industrial roundwood from 2007 to 2011. A large part of the curtailment of timber supply due to the stoppage of illegal logging would be compensated by increased...

Analysis of alcohol-based hand sanitizer delivery systems: efficacy of foam, gel, and wipes against influenza A (H1N1) virus on hands.

PubMed

Larson, Elaine L; Cohen, Bevin; Baxter, Kathleen A

2012-11-01

Minimal research has been published evaluating the effectiveness of hand hygiene delivery systems (ie, rubs, foams, or wipes) at removing viruses from hands. The purposes of this study were to determine the effect of several alcohol-based hand sanitizers in removing influenza A (H1N1) virus, and to compare the effectiveness of foam, gel, and hand wipe products. Hands of 30 volunteers were inoculated with H1N1 and randomized to treatment with foam, gel, or hand wipe applied to half of each volunteer's finger pads. The log(10) count of each subject's treated and untreated finger pads were averaged. Log(10) reductions were calculated from these differences and averaged within treatment group. Between-treatment analysis compared changes from the untreated finger pads using analysis of covariance with treatment as a factor and the average log(10) untreated finger pads as the covariate. Log(10) counts on control finger pads were 2.7-5.3 log(10) of the 50% infectious dose for tissue culture (TCID(50)/0.1 mL) (mean, 3.8 ± 0.5 log(10) TCID(50)/0.1 mL), and treated finger pad counts for all test products were 0.5-1.9 log(10) TCID(50)/0.1 mL (mean, 0.53 ± 0.17 log(10) TCID(50)/0.1 mL). Treatments with all products resulted in a significant reduction in viral titers (>3 logs) at their respective exposure times that were statistically comparable. All 3 delivery systems (foam, gel, and wipe) produced significantly reduced viral counts on hands. Copyright © 2012 Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

Stress and Pore Pressure Measurement in IODP Riser Drilling: An Example from Expedition 319, Kumano Basin offshore SW Honshu, Japan

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Saffer, D. M.; McNeill, L. C.; Byrne, T. B.; Araki, E.; Flemings, P. B.; Conin, M.; Eguchi, N. O.; Takahashi, K.; Toczko, S.; Boutt, D. F.; Doan, M.; Kano, Y.; Ito, T.; Lin, W.

2009-12-01

In summer 2009, Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 319 drilled a 1600 m deep riser borehole (Site C0009) in the Kumano Basin offshore SW Japan, to investigate the properties, structure and state of stress in the hanging wall above the subduction plate boundary. The first riser-based scientific drilling in IODP history allowed us to make several new scientific measurements including in situ stress magnitude, pore pressure and permeability using the Modular Formation Dynamics Tester (MDT) wireline tool, and measurement of minimum stress magnitude from Leak-off Tests (LOT). In addition, continuous monitoring of mud weight, mud gas, annular pressure, and mud losses provided data to constrain formation pore fluid pressure and stress. At Site C0009, we conducted 2 LOTs below a casing shoe at 708.6 m depth and 11 successful MDT measurements, including 9 single probe tests to measure pore pressure and fluid mobility and 2 dual packer tests: 1 to measure permeability by a drawdown test, and 1 to measure in situ stress. Measured pore pressures are approximately hydrostatic to 1463.7 m depth. We observed only minor gas shows when drilling ahead (as in-place methane was liberated from the rock at the bit) but little or no gas during pipe connections. This indicates that the borehole mud pressure exceeded the formation pore pressure, and is consistent with the MDT measurements. Permeabilities range from ~10-16 m2 - 10-14 m2, and the observed variation is consistent with lithologic changes defined in gamma ray logs. The MDT measurement at 874.3 mbsf and the LOT at 708.6 m yield values for the least principal stress of 34.8 MPa and 30.2 MPa, respectively. Both are less than the vertical stress (Sv) computed from density logs. Partial mud circulation losses occurred when the borehole mud pressure exceeded the leak-off stress measured at the base of the casing shoe; this provides an additional indirect constraint on Shmin magnitude. Mud pressure slightly in excess of the leak-off stress may have also generated poorly-developed drilling-induced tensile fractures (DITF) observed in resistivity image logs between ~750 - 1000 m. From the presence of DITF, Shmin measurements, and assuming a rock tensile strength of 1 MPa, we determine that SHmax is 35.1 MPa for the MDT stress measurement, and 30.2 MPa for the LOT. Using the MDT measurement of Shmin, the resulting principal stress magnitudes define a strike-slip faulting regime with effective stresses of Shmax’ = 14 MPa, Sv' = 7.3 MPa, and Shmin’ = 6.4 MPa. In contrast, using the LOT measurement of Shmin, the stress magnitudes indicate a normal faulting regime in which Sv’ = 6.2 MPa, Shmax’ = 2.8 MPa, and Shmin’ = 2.6 MPa.

Borehole geophysics applied to ground-water investigations

USGS Publications Warehouse

Keys, W.S.

1990-01-01

The purpose of this manual is to provide hydrologists, geologists, and others who have the necessary background in hydrogeology with the basic information needed to apply the most useful borehole-geophysical-logging techniques to the solution of problems in ground-water hydrology. Geophysical logs can provide information on the construction of wells and on the character of the rocks and fluids penetrated by those wells, as well as on changes in the character of these factors over time. The response of well logs is caused by petrophysical factors, by the quality, temperature, and pressure of interstitial fluids, and by ground-water flow. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of analog records and computer analysis of digitized logs are used to derive geohydrologic information. This information can then be extrapolated vertically within a well and laterally to other wells using logs. The physical principles by which the mechanical and electronic components of a logging system measure properties of rocks, fluids, and wells, as well as the principles of measurement, must be understood if geophysical logs are to be interpreted correctly. Plating a logging operation involves selecting the equipment and the logs most likely to provide the needed information. Information on well construction and geohydrology is needed to guide this selection. Quality control of logs is an important responsibility of both the equipment operator and the log analyst and requires both calibration and well-site standardization of equipment. Logging techniques that are widely used in ground-water hydrology or that have significant potential for application to this field include spontaneous potential, resistance, resistivity, gamma, gamma spectrometry, gamma-gamma, neutron, acoustic velocity, acoustic televiewer, caliper, and fluid temperature, conductivity, and flow. The following topics are discussed for each of these techniques: principles and instrumentation, calibration and standardization, volume of investigation, extraneous effects, and interpretation and applications.

Borehole geophysics applied to ground-water investigations

USGS Publications Warehouse

Keys, W.S.

1988-01-01

The purpose of this manual is to provide hydrologists, geologists, and others who have the necessary training with the basic information needed to apply the most useful borehole-geophysical-logging techniques to the solution of problems in ground-water hydrology. Geophysical logs can provide information on the construction of wells and on the character of the rocks and fluids penetrated by those wells, in addition to changes in the character of these factors with time. The response of well logs is caused by: petrophysical factors; the quality; temperature, and pressure of interstitial fluids; and ground-water flow. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the analog records and computer analysis of digitized logs are used to derive geohydrologic information. This information can then be extrapolated vertically within a well and laterally to other wells using logs.The physical principles by which the mechanical and electronic components of a logging system measure properties of rocks, fluids and wells, and the principles of measurement need to be understood to correctly interpret geophysical logs. Planning the logging operation involves selecting the equipment and the logs most likely to provide the needed information. Information on well construction and geohydrology are needed to guide this selection. Quality control of logs is an important responsibility of both the equipment operator and log analyst and requires both calibration and well-site standardization of equipment.Logging techniques that are widely used in ground-water hydrology or that have significant potential for application to this field include: spontaneous potential, resistance, resistivity, gamma, gamma spectrometry, gamma-gamma, neutron, acoustic velocity, acoustic televiewer, caliper, and fluid temperature, conductivity, and flow. The following topics are discussed for each of these techniques: principles and instrumentation, calibration and standardization, volume of investigation, extraneous effects, and interpretation and applications.

BOREHOLE FLOWMETERS: FIELD APPLICATION AND DATA ANALYSIS

EPA Science Inventory

This paper reviews application of borehole flowmeters in granular and fractured rocks. Basic data obtained in the field are the ambient flow log and the pumping-induced flow log. These basic logs may then be used to calculate other quantities of interest. The paper describes the ...

Study on fracture identification of shale reservoir based on electrical imaging logging

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yu, Zhou; Lai, Fuqiang; Xu, Lei; Liu, Lin; Yu, Tong; Chen, Junyu; Zhu, Yuantong

2017-05-01

In recent years, shale gas exploration has made important development, access to a major breakthrough, in which the study of mud shale fractures is extremely important. The development of fractures has an important role in the development of gas reservoirs. Based on the core observation and the analysis of laboratory flakes and laboratory materials, this paper divides the lithology of the shale reservoirs of the XX well in Zhanhua Depression. Based on the response of the mudstone fractures in the logging curve, the fracture development and logging Response to the relationship between the conventional logging and electrical imaging logging to identify the fractures in the work, the final completion of the type of fractures in the area to determine and quantify the calculation of fractures. It is concluded that the fracture type of the study area is high and the microstructures are developed from the analysis of the XX wells in Zhanhua Depression. The shape of the fractures can be clearly seen by imaging logging technology to determine its type.

Statistical methods of fracture characterization using acoustic borehole televiewer log interpretation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Massiot, Cécile; Townend, John; Nicol, Andrew; McNamara, David D.

2017-08-01

Acoustic borehole televiewer (BHTV) logs provide measurements of fracture attributes (orientations, thickness, and spacing) at depth. Orientation, censoring, and truncation sampling biases similar to those described for one-dimensional outcrop scanlines, and other logging or drilling artifacts specific to BHTV logs, can affect the interpretation of fracture attributes from BHTV logs. K-means, fuzzy K-means, and agglomerative clustering methods provide transparent means of separating fracture groups on the basis of their orientation. Fracture spacing is calculated for each of these fracture sets. Maximum likelihood estimation using truncated distributions permits the fitting of several probability distributions to the fracture attribute data sets within truncation limits, which can then be extrapolated over the entire range where they naturally occur. Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Schwartz Bayesian Criterion (SBC) statistical information criteria rank the distributions by how well they fit the data. We demonstrate these attribute analysis methods with a data set derived from three BHTV logs acquired from the high-temperature Rotokawa geothermal field, New Zealand. Varying BHTV log quality reduces the number of input data points, but careful selection of the quality levels where fractures are deemed fully sampled increases the reliability of the analysis. Spacing data analysis comprising up to 300 data points and spanning three orders of magnitude can be approximated similarly well (similar AIC rankings) with several distributions. Several clustering configurations and probability distributions can often characterize the data at similar levels of statistical criteria. Thus, several scenarios should be considered when using BHTV log data to constrain numerical fracture models.

Using EHR audit trail logs to analyze clinical workflow: A case study from community-based ambulatory clinics.

PubMed

Wu, Danny T Y; Smart, Nikolas; Ciemins, Elizabeth L; Lanham, Holly J; Lindberg, Curt; Zheng, Kai

2017-01-01

To develop a workflow-supported clinical documentation system, it is a critical first step to understand clinical workflow. While Time and Motion studies has been regarded as the gold standard of workflow analysis, this method can be resource consuming and its data may be biased due to the cognitive limitation of human observers. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the feasibility and validity of using EHR audit trail logs to analyze clinical workflow. Specifically, we compared three known workflow changes from our previous study with the corresponding EHR audit trail logs of the study participants. The results showed that EHR audit trail logs can be a valid source for clinical workflow analysis, and can provide an objective view of clinicians' behaviors, multi-dimensional comparisons, and a highly extensible analysis framework.

Amplitude Analysis and Modeling of Regional Phases in PNE Profiles in Northern Eurasia and Seismic Regionalization

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-06-30

ratios (Lg/Pn, Lg/Pg, Lg/Sn, and Lg/ Pcod ,), a constant window length was used to measure the phase amplitudes. The phases were identified by correlating...log(ýo-) = (Yp + yp,,o-dLg)(log( 2) -log ))+Q( + p.o-71Lg)(x 2 - (2.9) ’ 4 pcod ,2 APCoda Therefore, the difference of log(ALg/Apcoda) between

BOREHOLE FLOWMETERS: FIELD APPLICATION AND DATA ANALYSIS

EPA Science Inventory

This paper reviews application of borehole flowmeters in granular and fractured rocks. asic data obtained in the field are the ambient flow log and the pumping-induced flow log. hese basic logs may then be used to calculate other quantities of interest. he paper describes the app...

Improving log transportation with data based monitoring and analysis in northern Wisconsin and upper peninsula of Michigan.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-02-01

Minimizing transportation cost is essential in the forest products industry. Logs and wood chips are relatively low value. Logs are a dense heavy weight product to transport, while chips are light and bulky. These handling characteristics along with ...

Avian responses to selective logging shaped by species traits and logging practices

PubMed Central

Burivalova, Zuzana; Lee, Tien Ming; Giam, Xingli; Şekercioğlu, Çağan Hakkı; Wilcove, David S.; Koh, Lian Pin

2015-01-01

Selective logging is one of the most common forms of forest use in the tropics. Although the effects of selective logging on biodiversity have been widely studied, there is little agreement on the relationship between life-history traits and tolerance to logging. In this study, we assessed how species traits and logging practices combine to determine species responses to selective logging, based on over 4000 observations of the responses of nearly 1000 bird species to selective logging across the tropics. Our analysis shows that species traits, such as feeding group and body mass, and logging practices, such as time since logging and logging intensity, interact to influence a species' response to logging. Frugivores and insectivores were most adversely affected by logging and declined further with increasing logging intensity. Nectarivores and granivores responded positively to selective logging for the first two decades, after which their abundances decrease below pre-logging levels. Larger species of omnivores and granivores responded more positively to selective logging than smaller species from either feeding group, whereas this effect of body size was reversed for carnivores, herbivores, frugivores and insectivores. Most importantly, species most negatively impacted by selective logging had not recovered approximately 40 years after logging cessation. We conclude that selective timber harvest has the potential to cause large and long-lasting changes in avian biodiversity. However, our results suggest that the impacts can be mitigated to a certain extent through specific forest management strategies such as lengthening the rotation cycle and implementing reduced impact logging. PMID:25994673

A Generalized Approach for the Interpretation of Geophysical Well Logs in Ground-Water Studies - Theory and Application

USGS Publications Warehouse

Paillet, Frederick L.; Crowder, R.E.

1996-01-01

Quantitative analysis of geophysical logs in ground-water studies often involves at least as broad a range of applications and variation in lithology as is typically encountered in petroleum exploration, making such logs difficult to calibrate and complicating inversion problem formulation. At the same time, data inversion and analysis depend on inversion model formulation and refinement, so that log interpretation cannot be deferred to a geophysical log specialist unless active involvement with interpretation can be maintained by such an expert over the lifetime of the project. We propose a generalized log-interpretation procedure designed to guide hydrogeologists in the interpretation of geophysical logs, and in the integration of log data into ground-water models that may be systematically refined and improved in an iterative way. The procedure is designed to maximize the effective use of three primary contributions from geophysical logs: (1) The continuous depth scale of the measurements along the well bore; (2) The in situ measurement of lithologic properties and the correlation with hydraulic properties of the formations over a finite sample volume; and (3) Multiple independent measurements that can potentially be inverted for multiple physical or hydraulic properties of interest. The approach is formulated in the context of geophysical inversion theory, and is designed to be interfaced with surface geophysical soundings and conventional hydraulic testing. The step-by-step procedures given in our generalized interpretation and inversion technique are based on both qualitative analysis designed to assist formulation of the interpretation model, and quantitative analysis used to assign numerical values to model parameters. The approach bases a decision as to whether quantitative inversion is statistically warranted by formulating an over-determined inversion. If no such inversion is consistent with the inversion model, quantitative inversion is judged not possible with the given data set. Additional statistical criteria such as the statistical significance of regressions are used to guide the subsequent calibration of geophysical data in terms of hydraulic variables in those situations where quantitative data inversion is considered appropriate.

Analysis of Hospital Processes with Process Mining Techniques.

PubMed

Orellana García, Arturo; Pérez Alfonso, Damián; Larrea Armenteros, Osvaldo Ulises

2015-01-01

Process mining allows for discovery, monitoring, and improving processes identified in information systems from their event logs. In hospital environments, process analysis has been a crucial factor for cost reduction, control and proper use of resources, better patient care, and achieving service excellence. This paper presents a new component for event logs generation in the Hospital Information System or HIS, developed at University of Informatics Sciences. The event logs obtained are used for analysis of hospital processes with process mining techniques. The proposed solution intends to achieve the generation of event logs in the system with high quality. The performed analyses allowed for redefining functions in the system and proposed proper flow of information. The study exposed the need to incorporate process mining techniques in hospital systems to analyze the processes execution. Moreover, we illustrate its application for making clinical and administrative decisions for the management of hospital activities.

Study on the stability of adrenaline and on the determination of its acidity constants

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Corona-Avendaño, S.; Alarcón-Angeles, G.; Rojas-Hernández, A.; Romero-Romo, M. A.; Ramírez-Silva, M. T.

2005-01-01

In this work, the results are presented concerning the influence of time on the spectral behaviour of adrenaline (C 9H 13NO 3) (AD) and of the determination of its acidity constants by means of spectrophotometry titrations and point-by-point analysis, using for the latter freshly prepared samples for each analysis at every single pH. As the catecholamines are sensitive to light, all samples were protected against it during the course of the experiments. Each method rendered four acidity constants corresponding each to the four acid protons belonging to the functional groups present in the molecule; for the point-by-point analysis the values found were: log β 1=38.25±0.21 , log β 2=29.65±0.17 , log β 3=21.01±0.14 , log β 4=11.34±0.071 .

A Computer Program for Flow-Log Analysis of Single Holes (FLASH)

USGS Publications Warehouse

Day-Lewis, F. D.; Johnson, C.D.; Paillet, Frederick L.; Halford, K.J.

2011-01-01

A new computer program, FLASH (Flow-Log Analysis of Single Holes), is presented for the analysis of borehole vertical flow logs. The code is based on an analytical solution for steady-state multilayer radial flow to a borehole. The code includes options for (1) discrete fractures and (2) multilayer aquifers. Given vertical flow profiles collected under both ambient and stressed (pumping or injection) conditions, the user can estimate fracture (or layer) transmissivities and far-field hydraulic heads. FLASH is coded in Microsoft Excel with Visual Basic for Applications routines. The code supports manual and automated model calibration. ?? 2011, The Author(s). Ground Water ?? 2011, National Ground Water Association.

Using Log Linear Analysis for Categorical Family Variables.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moen, Phyllis

The Goodman technique of log linear analysis is ideal for family research, because it is designed for categorical (non-quantitative) variables. Variables are dichotomized (for example, married/divorced, childless/with children) or otherwise categorized (for example, level of permissiveness, life cycle stage). Contingency tables are then…

Nature and origin of upper crustal seismic velocity fluctuations and associated scaling properties: Combined stochastic analyses of KTB velocity and lithology logs

USGS Publications Warehouse

Goff, J.A.; Holliger, K.

1999-01-01

The main borehole of the German Continental Deep Drilling Program (KTB) extends over 9000 m into a crystalline upper crust consisting primarily of interlayered gneiss and metabasite. We present a joint analysis of the velocity and lithology logs in an effort to extract the lithology component of the velocity log. Covariance analysis of lithology log, approximated as a binary series, indicates that it may originate from the superposition of two Brownian stochastic processes (fractal dimension 1.5) with characteristic scales of ???2800 m and ???150 m, respectively. Covariance analysis of the velocity fluctuations provides evidence for the superposition of four stochastic process with distinct characteristic scales. The largest two scales are identical to those derived from the lithology, confirming that these scales of velocity heterogeneity are caused by lithology variations. The third characteristic scale, ???20 m, also a Brownian process, is probably related to fracturing based on correlation with the resistivity log. The superposition of these three Brownian processes closely mimics the commonly observed 1/k decay (fractal dimension 2.0) of the velocity power spectrum. The smallest scale process (characteristic scale ???1.7 m) requires a low fractal dimension, ???1.0, and accounts for ???60% of the total rms velocity variation. A comparison of successive logs from 6900-7140 m depth indicates that such variations are not repeatable and thus probably do not represent true velocity variations in the crust. The results of this study resolve disparity between the differing published estimates of seismic heterogeneity based on the KTB sonic logs, and bridge the gap between estimates of crustal heterogeneity from geologic maps and borehole logs. Copyright 1999 by the American Geophysical Union.

An analysis technique for testing log grades

Treesearch

Carl A. Newport; William G. O' Regan

1963-01-01

An analytical technique that may be used in evaluating log-grading systems is described. It also provides means of comparing two or more grading systems, or a proposed change with the system from which it was developed. The total volume and computed value of lumber from each sample log are the basic data used.

Financial Indicators of Reduced Impact Logging Performance in Brazil: Case Study Comparisons

Treesearch

Thomas P. Holmes; Frederick Boltz; Douglas R. Carter

2001-01-01

Indicators of financial performance are compared for three case studies in the Brazilian Amazon. Each case study presents parameters obtained from monitoring initial harvest entries into primary forests for reduced impact logging (RIL) and conventional logging (CL) operations. Differences in cost definitions and data collection protocols complicate the analysis, and...

Analysis of web-related threats in ten years of logs from a scientific portal

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Santos, Rafael D. C.; Grégio, André R. A.; Raddick, Jordan; Vattki, Vamsi; Szalay, Alex

2012-06-01

SkyServer is an Internet portal to data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, the largest online archive of astronomy data in the world. provides free access to hundreds of millions of celestial objects for science, education and outreach purposes. Logs of accesses to SkyServer comprise around 930 million hits, 140 million web services accesses and 170 million SQL submitted queries, collected over the past 10 years. These logs also contain indications of compromise attempts on the servers. In this paper, we show some threats that were detected in ten years of stored logs, and compare them with known threats in those years. Also, we present an analysis of the evolution of those threats over these years.

Web usage data mining agent

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Madiraju, Praveen; Zhang, Yanqing

2002-03-01

When a user logs in to a website, behind the scenes the user leaves his/her impressions, usage patterns and also access patterns in the web servers log file. A web usage mining agent can analyze these web logs to help web developers to improve the organization and presentation of their websites. They can help system administrators in improving the system performance. Web logs provide invaluable help in creating adaptive web sites and also in analyzing the network traffic analysis. This paper presents the design and implementation of a Web usage mining agent for digging in to the web log files.

Confined compressive strength analysis can improve PDC bit selection. [Polycrystalline Diamond Compact

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Fabain, R.T.

1994-05-16

A rock strength analysis program, through intensive log analysis, can quantify rock hardness in terms of confined compressive strength to identify intervals suited for drilling with polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) bits. Additionally, knowing the confined compressive strength helps determine the optimum PDC bit for the intervals. Computing rock strength as confined compressive strength can more accurately characterize a rock's actual hardness downhole than other methods. the information can be used to improve bit selections and to help adjust drilling parameters to reduce drilling costs. Empirical data compiled from numerous field strength analyses have provided a guide to selecting PDC drillmore » bits. A computer analysis program has been developed to aid in PDC bit selection. The program more accurately defines rock hardness in terms of confined strength, which approximates the in situ rock hardness downhole. Unconfined compressive strength is rock hardness at atmospheric pressure. The program uses sonic and gamma ray logs as well as numerous input data from mud logs. Within the range of lithologies for which the program is valid, rock hardness can be determine with improved accuracy. The program's output is typically graphed in a log format displaying raw data traces from well logs, computer-interpreted lithology, the calculated values of confined compressive strength, and various optional rock mechanic outputs.« less

Neuromorphic log-domain silicon synapse circuits obey bernoulli dynamics: a unifying tutorial analysis

PubMed Central

Papadimitriou, Konstantinos I.; Liu, Shih-Chii; Indiveri, Giacomo; Drakakis, Emmanuel M.

2014-01-01

The field of neuromorphic silicon synapse circuits is revisited and a parsimonious mathematical framework able to describe the dynamics of this class of log-domain circuits in the aggregate and in a systematic manner is proposed. Starting from the Bernoulli Cell Formalism (BCF), originally formulated for the modular synthesis and analysis of externally linear, time-invariant logarithmic filters, and by means of the identification of new types of Bernoulli Cell (BC) operators presented here, a generalized formalism (GBCF) is established. The expanded formalism covers two new possible and practical combinations of a MOS transistor (MOST) and a linear capacitor. The corresponding mathematical relations codifying each case are presented and discussed through the tutorial treatment of three well-known transistor-level examples of log-domain neuromorphic silicon synapses. The proposed mathematical tool unifies past analysis approaches of the same circuits under a common theoretical framework. The speed advantage of the proposed mathematical framework as an analysis tool is also demonstrated by a compelling comparative circuit analysis example of high order, where the GBCF and another well-known log-domain circuit analysis method are used for the determination of the input-output transfer function of the high (4th) order topology. PMID:25653579

Neuromorphic log-domain silicon synapse circuits obey bernoulli dynamics: a unifying tutorial analysis.

PubMed

Papadimitriou, Konstantinos I; Liu, Shih-Chii; Indiveri, Giacomo; Drakakis, Emmanuel M

2014-01-01

The field of neuromorphic silicon synapse circuits is revisited and a parsimonious mathematical framework able to describe the dynamics of this class of log-domain circuits in the aggregate and in a systematic manner is proposed. Starting from the Bernoulli Cell Formalism (BCF), originally formulated for the modular synthesis and analysis of externally linear, time-invariant logarithmic filters, and by means of the identification of new types of Bernoulli Cell (BC) operators presented here, a generalized formalism (GBCF) is established. The expanded formalism covers two new possible and practical combinations of a MOS transistor (MOST) and a linear capacitor. The corresponding mathematical relations codifying each case are presented and discussed through the tutorial treatment of three well-known transistor-level examples of log-domain neuromorphic silicon synapses. The proposed mathematical tool unifies past analysis approaches of the same circuits under a common theoretical framework. The speed advantage of the proposed mathematical framework as an analysis tool is also demonstrated by a compelling comparative circuit analysis example of high order, where the GBCF and another well-known log-domain circuit analysis method are used for the determination of the input-output transfer function of the high (4(th)) order topology.

Reconciling timber extraction with biodiversity conservation in tropical forests using reduced-impact logging

PubMed Central

Bicknell, Jake E; Struebig, Matthew J; Davies, Zoe G; Baraloto, Christopher

2015-01-01

Over 20% of the world's tropical forests have been selectively logged, and large expanses are allocated for future timber extraction. Reduced-impact logging (RIL) is being promoted as best practice forestry that increases sustainability and lowers CO2 emissions from logging, by reducing collateral damage associated with timber extraction. RIL is also expected to minimize the impacts of selective logging on biodiversity, although this is yet to be thoroughly tested. We undertake the most comprehensive study to date to investigate the biodiversity impacts of RIL across multiple taxonomic groups. We quantified birds, bats and large mammal assemblage structures, using a before-after control-impact (BACI) design across 20 sample sites over a 5-year period. Faunal surveys utilized point counts, mist nets and line transects and yielded >250 species. We examined assemblage responses to logging, as well as partitions of feeding guild and strata (understorey vs. canopy), and then tested for relationships with logging intensity to assess the primary determinants of community composition. Community analysis revealed little effect of RIL on overall assemblages, as structure and composition were similar before and after logging, and between logging and control sites. Variation in bird assemblages was explained by natural rates of change over time, and not logging intensity. However, when partitioned by feeding guild and strata, the frugivorous and canopy bird ensembles changed as a result of RIL, although the latter was also associated with change over time. Bats exhibited variable changes post-logging that were not related to logging, whereas large mammals showed no change at all. Indicator species analysis and correlations with logging intensities revealed that some species exhibited idiosyncratic responses to RIL, whilst abundance change of most others was associated with time. Synthesis and applications. Our study demonstrates the relatively benign effect of reduced-impact logging (RIL) on birds, bats and large mammals in a neotropical forest context, and therefore, we propose that forest managers should improve timber extraction techniques more widely. If RIL is extensively adopted, forestry concessions could represent sizeable and important additions to the global conservation estate – over 4 million km2. PMID:25954054

SU-E-T-392: Evaluation of Ion Chamber/film and Log File Based QA to Detect Delivery Errors

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nelson, C; Mason, B; Kirsner, S

2015-06-15

Purpose: Ion chamber and film (ICAF) is a method used to verify patient dose prior to treatment. More recently, log file based QA has been shown as an alternative for measurement based QA. In this study, we delivered VMAT plans with and without errors to determine if ICAF and/or log file based QA was able to detect the errors. Methods: Using two VMAT patients, the original treatment plan plus 7 additional plans with delivery errors introduced were generated and delivered. The erroneous plans had gantry, collimator, MLC, gantry and collimator, collimator and MLC, MLC and gantry, and gantry, collimator, andmore » MLC errors. The gantry and collimator errors were off by 4{sup 0} for one of the two arcs. The MLC error introduced was one in which the opening aperture didn’t move throughout the delivery of the field. For each delivery, an ICAF measurement was made as well as a dose comparison based upon log files. Passing criteria to evaluate the plans were ion chamber less and 5% and film 90% of pixels pass the 3mm/3% gamma analysis(GA). For log file analysis 90% of voxels pass the 3mm/3% 3D GA and beam parameters match what was in the plan. Results: Two original plans were delivered and passed both ICAF and log file base QA. Both ICAF and log file QA met the dosimetry criteria on 4 of the 12 erroneous cases analyzed (2 cases were not analyzed). For the log file analysis, all 12 erroneous plans alerted a mismatch in delivery versus what was planned. The 8 plans that didn’t meet criteria all had MLC errors. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that log file based pre-treatment QA was able to detect small errors that may not be detected using an ICAF and both methods of were able to detect larger delivery errors.« less

The Successful Deployment of a New Sub-Seafloor Observatory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lado Insua, T.; Moran, K.; Kulin, I.; Farrington, S.; Newman, J. B.; Riedel, M.; Iturrino, G. J.; Masterson, W. A.; Furman, C. R.; Klaus, A.; Storms, M.; Attryde, J.; Hetmaniak, C.; Huey, D.

2013-12-01

The Simple Cabled Instrument for Measuring Parameters In-Situ (SCIMPI) is a new ocean observatory instrument designed to study dynamic processes in the sub-seafloor. The first SCIMPI prototype comprises nine modules that collect time series measurements of temperature, pressure and electrical resistivity of sediments at pre-selected depths below seafloor. These modules are joined in an array by flexible cables. Floats are attached to the cables of the system to keep the cabling taught against the weight of a sinker bar at the bottom of the string. The system was designed for deployment through drillpipe using D/V JOIDES Resolution. SCIMPI is designed for sediments that will collapse around the observatory after deployment. After five years in development, SCIMPI was successfully deployed within the NEPTUNE Canada observatory in May 2013. The IODP Expedition 341S took place on the Cascadia Margin. The deployment Site U1416 is within an active gas hydrate vent field. Spacing of SCIMPI modules was tailored to measure parameters in the accreted sediment and above and below the Bottom Simulating Reflector (BSR). The location of the modules was dimensioned based on a multivariate analysis of physical properties derived from IODP boreholes located nearby. Members of the SCIMPI team, science party, technical support, crew and participants of the School of Rock assembled the instrument on deck during the days leading up to the deployment. During deployment, SCIMPI was connected to the Multi-Function-Telemetry-Module (from LDEO) and was lowered through drillpipe on the wireline logging cable. SCIMPI communicated data to a shipboard computer until its release, providing assurance that measurements were active on all sensors. The observatory was released with the Electronic Release System (ERS) and the drillpipe was pulled out of the borehole. A camera system was used to check on the installation immediately after deployment. An Ocean Networks Canada expedition revisited the site a month later to assess the borehole collapse around SCIMPI. Its four year battery life will allow SCIMPI to record data on its command module while waiting to be connected to the NEPTUNE Canada observatory in 2014. The modular design of SCIMPI allows adapting its configuration for different situations and environments. SCIMPI is now available for exploring other dynamic sub-seafloor settings in future expeditions.

Advanced Cyber Attack Modeling Analysis and Visualization

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-03-01

Graph Analysis Network Web Logs Netflow Data TCP Dump Data System Logs Detect Protect Security Management What-If Figure 8. TVA attack graphs for...Clustered Graphs,” in Proceedings of the Symposium on Graph Drawing, September 1996. [25] K. Lakkaraju, W. Yurcik, A. Lee, “NVisionIP: NetFlow

Working with Data: Discovering Knowledge through Mining and Analysis; Systematic Knowledge Management and Knowledge Discovery; Text Mining; Methodological Approach in Discovering User Search Patterns through Web Log Analysis; Knowledge Discovery in Databases Using Formal Concept Analysis; Knowledge Discovery with a Little Perspective.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Qin, Jian; Jurisica, Igor; Liddy, Elizabeth D.; Jansen, Bernard J; Spink, Amanda; Priss, Uta; Norton, Melanie J.

2000-01-01

These six articles discuss knowledge discovery in databases (KDD). Topics include data mining; knowledge management systems; applications of knowledge discovery; text and Web mining; text mining and information retrieval; user search patterns through Web log analysis; concept analysis; data collection; and data structure inconsistency. (LRW)

Wireline system for multiple direct push tool usage

DOEpatents

Bratton, Wesley L.; Farrington, Stephen P.; Shinn, II, James D.; Nolet, Darren C.

2003-11-11

A tool latching and retrieval system allows the deployment and retrieval of a variety of direct push subsurface characterization tools through an embedded rod string during a single penetration without requiring withdrawal of the string from the ground. This enables the in situ interchange of different tools, as well as the rapid retrieval of soil core samples from multiple depths during a single direct push penetration. The system includes specialized rods that make up the rod string, a tool housing which is integral to the rod string, a lock assembly, and several tools which mate to the lock assembly.

Choice of Stimulus Range and Size Can Reduce Test-Retest Variability in Glaucomatous Visual Field Defects

PubMed Central

Swanson, William H.; Horner, Douglas G.; Dul, Mitchell W.; Malinovsky, Victor E.

2014-01-01

Purpose To develop guidelines for engineering perimetric stimuli to reduce test-retest variability in glaucomatous defects. Methods Perimetric testing was performed on one eye for 62 patients with glaucoma and 41 age-similar controls on size III and frequency-doubling perimetry and three custom tests with Gaussian blob and Gabor sinusoid stimuli. Stimulus range was controlled by values for ceiling (maximum sensitivity) and floor (minimum sensitivity). Bland-Altman analysis was used to derive 95% limits of agreement on test and retest, and bootstrap analysis was used to test the hypotheses about peak variability. Results Limits of agreement for the three custom stimuli were similar in width (0.72 to 0.79 log units) and peak variability (0.22 to 0.29 log units) for a stimulus range of 1.7 log units. The width of the limits of agreement for size III decreased from 1.78 to 1.37 to 0.99 log units for stimulus ranges of 3.9, 2.7, and 1.7 log units, respectively (F = 3.23, P < 0.001); peak variability was 0.99, 0.54, and 0.34 log units, respectively (P < 0.01). For a stimulus range of 1.3 log units, limits of agreement were narrowest with Gabor and widest with size III stimuli, and peak variability was lower (P < 0.01) with Gabor (0.18 log units) and frequency-doubling perimetry (0.24 log units) than with size III stimuli (0.38 log units). Conclusions Test-retest variability in glaucomatous visual field defects was substantially reduced by engineering the stimuli. Translational Relevance The guidelines should allow developers to choose from a wide range of stimuli. PMID:25371855

Choice of Stimulus Range and Size Can Reduce Test-Retest Variability in Glaucomatous Visual Field Defects.

PubMed

Swanson, William H; Horner, Douglas G; Dul, Mitchell W; Malinovsky, Victor E

2014-09-01

To develop guidelines for engineering perimetric stimuli to reduce test-retest variability in glaucomatous defects. Perimetric testing was performed on one eye for 62 patients with glaucoma and 41 age-similar controls on size III and frequency-doubling perimetry and three custom tests with Gaussian blob and Gabor sinusoid stimuli. Stimulus range was controlled by values for ceiling (maximum sensitivity) and floor (minimum sensitivity). Bland-Altman analysis was used to derive 95% limits of agreement on test and retest, and bootstrap analysis was used to test the hypotheses about peak variability. Limits of agreement for the three custom stimuli were similar in width (0.72 to 0.79 log units) and peak variability (0.22 to 0.29 log units) for a stimulus range of 1.7 log units. The width of the limits of agreement for size III decreased from 1.78 to 1.37 to 0.99 log units for stimulus ranges of 3.9, 2.7, and 1.7 log units, respectively ( F = 3.23, P < 0.001); peak variability was 0.99, 0.54, and 0.34 log units, respectively ( P < 0.01). For a stimulus range of 1.3 log units, limits of agreement were narrowest with Gabor and widest with size III stimuli, and peak variability was lower ( P < 0.01) with Gabor (0.18 log units) and frequency-doubling perimetry (0.24 log units) than with size III stimuli (0.38 log units). Test-retest variability in glaucomatous visual field defects was substantially reduced by engineering the stimuli. The guidelines should allow developers to choose from a wide range of stimuli.

A cross-site comparison of methods used for hydrogeologic characterization of the Galena-Platteville aquifer in Illinois and Wisconsin, with examples from selected Superfund sites

USGS Publications Warehouse

Kay, Robert T.; Mills, Patrick C.; Dunning, Charles P.; Yeskis, Douglas J.; Ursic, James R.; Vendl, Mark

2004-01-01

The effectiveness of 28 methods used to characterize the fractured Galena-Platteville aquifer at eight sites in northern Illinois and Wisconsin is evaluated. Analysis of government databases, previous investigations, topographic maps, aerial photographs, and outcrops was essential to understanding the hydrogeology in the area to be investigated. The effectiveness of surface-geophysical methods depended on site geology. Lithologic logging provided essential information for site characterization. Cores were used for stratigraphy and geotechnical analysis. Natural-gamma logging helped identify the effect of lithology on the location of secondary- permeability features. Caliper logging identified large secondary-permeability features. Neutron logs identified trends in matrix porosity. Acoustic-televiewer logs identified numerous secondary-permeability features and their orientation. Borehole-camera logs also identified a number of secondary-permeability features. Borehole ground-penetrating radar identified lithologic and secondary-permeability features. However, the accuracy and completeness of this method is uncertain. Single-point-resistance, density, and normal resistivity logs were of limited use. Water-level and water-quality data identified flow directions and indicated the horizontal and vertical distribution of aquifer permeability and the depth of the permeable features. Temperature, spontaneous potential, and fluid-resistivity logging identified few secondary-permeability features at some sites and several features at others. Flowmeter logging was the most effective geophysical method for characterizing secondary-permeability features. Aquifer tests provided insight into the permeability distribution, identified hydraulically interconnected features, the presence of heterogeneity and anisotropy, and determined effective porosity. Aquifer heterogeneity prevented calculation of accurate hydraulic properties from some tests. Different methods, such as flowmeter logging and slug testing, occasionally produced different interpretations. Aquifer characterization improved with an increase in the number of data points, the period of data collection, and the number of methods used.

Analysis of Effects of Sensor Multithreading to Generate Local System Event Timelines

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-03-27

works on logs highlights the importance of logs [17, 18]. The two aforementioned works both reference the same 2009 Data Breach Investigations Report...the data breaches report on, the logs contained evidence of events leading up to 82% of those data breaches . This means that preventing 82% of the data ...report states that of the data breaches reported on, the logs contained evidence of events leading up to 66% of those data breaches . • The 2010 DBIR

Reducing Uncertainties in Hydrocarbon Prediction through Application of Elastic Domain

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shamsuddin, S. Z.; Hermana, M.; Ghosh, D. P.; Salim, A. M. A.

2017-10-01

The application of lithology and fluid indicators has helped the geophysicists to discriminate reservoirs to non-reservoirs from a field. This analysis is conducted to select the most suitable lithology and fluid indicator for the Malaysian basins that could lead to better eliminate pitfalls of amplitude. This paper uses different rock physics analysis such as elastic impedance, Lambda-Mu-Rho, and SQp-SQs attribute. Litho-elastic impedance log is generated by correlating the gamma ray log with extended elastic impedance log. The same application is used for fluid-elastic impedance by correlation of EEI log with water saturation or resistivity. The work is done on several well logging data collected from different fields in Malay basin and its neighbouring basin. There's an excellent separation between hydrocarbon sand and background shale for Well-1 from different cross-plot analysis. Meanwhile, the Well-2 shows good separation in LMR plot. The similar method is done on the Well-3 shows fair separation of silty sand and gas sand using SQp-SQs attribute which can be correlated with well log. Based on the point distribution histogram plot, different lithology and fluid can be separated clearly. Simultaneous seismic inversion results in acoustic impedance, Vp/Vs, SQp, and SQs volumes. There are many attributes available in the industry used to separate the lithology and fluid, however some of the methods are not suitable for the application to the basins in Malaysia.

Assessing the feasibility and profitability of cable logging in southern upland hardwood forests

Treesearch

Chris B. LeDoux; Dennis M. May; Tony Johnson; Richard H. Widmann

1995-01-01

Procedures developed to assess available timber supplies from upland hardwood forest statistics reported by the USDA Forest Services' Forest Inventory and Analysis unit were modified to assess the feasibility and profitability of cable logging in southern upland hardwood forests. Depending on the harvest system and yarding distance used, cable logging can be...

Selective logging in the Brazilian Amazon.

PubMed

Asner, Gregory P; Knapp, David E; Broadbent, Eben N; Oliveira, Paulo J C; Keller, Michael; Silva, Jose N

2005-10-21

Amazon deforestation has been measured by remote sensing for three decades. In comparison, selective logging has been mostly invisible to satellites. We developed a large-scale, high-resolution, automated remote-sensing analysis of selective logging in the top five timber-producing states of the Brazilian Amazon. Logged areas ranged from 12,075 to 19,823 square kilometers per year (+/-14%) between 1999 and 2002, equivalent to 60 to 123% of previously reported deforestation area. Up to 1200 square kilometers per year of logging were observed on conservation lands. Each year, 27 million to 50 million cubic meters of wood were extracted, and a gross flux of approximately 0.1 billion metric tons of carbon was destined for release to the atmosphere by logging.

The three-dimensional structure of "Lonely Guy" from Claviceps purpurea provides insights into the phosphoribohydrolase function of Rossmann fold-containing lysine decarboxylase-like proteins.

PubMed

Dzurová, Lenka; Forneris, Federico; Savino, Simone; Galuszka, Petr; Vrabka, Josef; Frébort, Ivo

2015-08-01

The recently discovered cytokinin (CK)-specific phosphoribohydrolase "Lonely Guy" (LOG) is a key enzyme of CK biosynthesis, converting inactive CK nucleotides into biologically active free bases. We have determined the crystal structures of LOG from Claviceps purpurea (cpLOG) and its complex with the enzymatic product phosphoribose. The structures reveal a dimeric arrangement of Rossmann folds, with the ligands bound to large pockets at the interface between cpLOG monomers. Structural comparisons highlight the homology of cpLOG to putative lysine decarboxylases. Extended sequence analysis enabled identification of a distinguishing LOG sequence signature. Taken together, our data suggest phosphoribohydrolase activity for several proteins of unknown function. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Role of Large Clinical Datasets From Physiologic Monitors in Improving the Safety of Clinical Alarm Systems and Methodological Considerations: A Case From Philips Monitors.

PubMed

Sowan, Azizeh Khaled; Reed, Charles Calhoun; Staggers, Nancy

2016-09-30

Large datasets of the audit log of modern physiologic monitoring devices have rarely been used for predictive modeling, capturing unsafe practices, or guiding initiatives on alarm systems safety. This paper (1) describes a large clinical dataset using the audit log of the physiologic monitors, (2) discusses benefits and challenges of using the audit log in identifying the most important alarm signals and improving the safety of clinical alarm systems, and (3) provides suggestions for presenting alarm data and improving the audit log of the physiologic monitors. At a 20-bed transplant cardiac intensive care unit, alarm data recorded via the audit log of bedside monitors were retrieved from the server of the central station monitor. Benefits of the audit log are many. They include easily retrievable data at no cost, complete alarm records, easy capture of inconsistent and unsafe practices, and easy identification of bedside monitors missed from a unit change of alarm settings adjustments. Challenges in analyzing the audit log are related to the time-consuming processes of data cleaning and analysis, and limited storage and retrieval capabilities of the monitors. The audit log is a function of current capabilities of the physiologic monitoring systems, monitor's configuration, and alarm management practices by clinicians. Despite current challenges in data retrieval and analysis, large digitalized clinical datasets hold great promise in performance, safety, and quality improvement. Vendors, clinicians, researchers, and professional organizations should work closely to identify the most useful format and type of clinical data to expand medical devices' log capacity.

TENSOR DECOMPOSITIONS AND SPARSE LOG-LINEAR MODELS

PubMed Central

Johndrow, James E.; Bhattacharya, Anirban; Dunson, David B.

2017-01-01

Contingency table analysis routinely relies on log-linear models, with latent structure analysis providing a common alternative. Latent structure models lead to a reduced rank tensor factorization of the probability mass function for multivariate categorical data, while log-linear models achieve dimensionality reduction through sparsity. Little is known about the relationship between these notions of dimensionality reduction in the two paradigms. We derive several results relating the support of a log-linear model to nonnegative ranks of the associated probability tensor. Motivated by these findings, we propose a new collapsed Tucker class of tensor decompositions, which bridge existing PARAFAC and Tucker decompositions, providing a more flexible framework for parsimoniously characterizing multivariate categorical data. Taking a Bayesian approach to inference, we illustrate empirical advantages of the new decompositions. PMID:29332971

Development of Cross-Platform Software for Well Logging Data Visualization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Akhmadulin, R. K.; Miraev, A. I.

2017-07-01

Well logging data processing is one of the main sources of information in the oil-gas field analysis and is of great importance in the process of its development and operation. Therefore, it is important to have the software which would accurately and clearly provide the user with processed data in the form of well logs. In this work, there have been developed a software product which not only has the basic functionality for this task (loading data from .las files, well log curves display, etc.), but can be run in different operating systems and on different devices. In the article a subject field analysis and task formulation have been performed, and the software design stage has been considered. At the end of the work the resulting software product interface has been described.

Serum Spot 14 concentration is negatively associated with thyroid-stimulating hormone level

PubMed Central

Chen, Yen-Ting; Tseng, Fen-Yu; Chen, Pei-Lung; Chi, Yu-Chao; Han, Der-Sheng; Yang, Wei-Shiung

2016-01-01

Abstract Spot 14 (S14) is a protein involved in fatty acid synthesis and was shown to be induced by thyroid hormone in rat liver. However, the presence of S14 in human serum and its relations with thyroid function status have not been investigated. The objectives of this study were to compare serum S14 concentrations in patients with hyperthyroidism or euthyroidism and to evaluate the associations between serum S14 and free thyroxine (fT4) or thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels. We set up an immunoassay for human serum S14 concentrations and compared its levels between hyperthyroid and euthyroid subjects. Twenty-six hyperthyroid patients and 29 euthyroid individuals were recruited. Data of all patients were pooled for the analysis of the associations between the levels of S14 and fT4, TSH, or quartile of TSH. The hyperthyroid patients had significantly higher serum S14 levels than the euthyroid subjects (median [Q1, Q3]: 975 [669, 1612] ng/mL vs 436 [347, 638] ng/mL, P < 0.001). In univariate linear regression, the log-transformed S14 level (logS14) was positively associated with fT4 but negatively associated with creatinine (Cre), total cholesterol (T-C), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and TSH. The positive associations between logS14 and fT4 and the negative associations between logS14 and Cre, TG, T-C, or TSH remained significant after adjustment with sex and age. These associations were prominent in females but not in males. The logS14 levels were negatively associated with the TSH levels grouped by quartile (ß = −0.3020, P < 0.001). The association between logS14 and TSH quartile persisted after adjustment with sex and age (ß = −0.2828, P = 0.001). In stepwise multivariate regression analysis, only TSH grouped by quartile remained significantly associated with logS14 level. We developed an ELISA to measure serum S14 levels in human. Female patients with hyperthyroidism had higher serum S14 levels than the female subjects with euthyroidism. The serum logS14 concentrations were negatively associated with TSH levels. Changes of serum S14 level in the whole thyroid function spectrum deserve further investigation. PMID:27749565

Monitoring User Search Success through Transaction Log Analysis: The WolfPAC Example.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zink, Steven D.

1991-01-01

Describes the use of transaction log analysis of the online catalog at the University of Nevada, Reno, libraries to help evaluate reasons for unsuccessful user searches. Author, title, and subject searches are examined; problems with Library of Congress subject headings are discussed; and title keyword searching is suggested. (11 references) (LRW)

Computer planning tools applied to a cable logging research study

Treesearch

Chris B. LeDoux; Penn A. Peters

1985-01-01

Contemporary harvest planning software was used in planning the layout of cable logging units for a production study of the Clearwater Yarder in upstate New York. Planning software, including payload analysis and digital terrain models, allowed researchers to identify layout and yarding problems before the experiment. Analysis of proposed ground profiles pinpointed the...

Petrophysical approach for S-wave velocity prediction based on brittleness index and total organic carbon of shale gas reservoir: A case study from Horn River Basin, Canada

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kim, Taeyoun; Hwang, Seho; Jang, Seonghyung

2017-01-01

When finding the "sweet spot" of a shale gas reservoir, it is essential to estimate the brittleness index (BI) and total organic carbon (TOC) of the formation. Particularly, the BI is one of the key factors in determining the crack propagation and crushing efficiency for hydraulic fracturing. There are several methods for estimating the BI of a formation, but most of them are empirical equations that are specific to particular rock types. We estimated the mineralogical BI based on elemental capture spectroscopy (ECS) log and elastic BI based on well log data, and we propose a new method for predicting S-wave velocity (VS) using mineralogical BI and elastic BI. The TOC is related to the gas content of shale gas reservoirs. Since it is difficult to perform core analysis for all intervals of shale gas reservoirs, we make empirical equations for the Horn River Basin, Canada, as well as TOC log using a linear relation between core-tested TOC and well log data. In addition, two empirical equations have been suggested for VS prediction based on density and gamma ray log used for TOC analysis. By applying the empirical equations proposed from the perspective of BI and TOC to another well log data and then comparing predicted VS log with real VS log, the validity of empirical equations suggested in this paper has been tested.

A Preliminary Analysis of Keystroke Log Data from a Timed Writing Task. Research Report. ETS RR-12-23

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Almond, Russell; Deane, Paul; Quinlan, Thomas; Wagner, Michael; Sydorenko, Tetyana

2012-01-01

The Fall 2007 and Spring 2008 pilot tests for the "CBAL"™ Writing assessment included experimental keystroke logging capabilities. This report documents the approaches used to capture the keystroke logs and the algorithms used to process the outputs. It also includes some preliminary findings based on the pilot data. In particular, it…

Adjusting Quality index Log Values to Represent Local and Regional Commercial Sawlog Product Values

Treesearch

Orris D. McCauley; Joseph J. Mendel; Joseph J. Mendel

1969-01-01

The primary purpose of this paper is not only to report the results of a comparative analysis as to how well the Q.I. method predicts log product values when compared to commercial sawmill log output values, but also to develop a methodology which will facilitate the comparison and provide the adjustments needed by the sawmill operator.

British Columbia log export policy: historical review and analysis.

Treesearch

Craig W. Shinn

1993-01-01

Log exports have been restricted in British Columbia for over 100 years. The intent of the restriction is to use the timber in British Columbia to encourage development of forest industry, employment, and well-being in the Province. Logs have been exempted from the within-Province manufacturing rule at various times, in varying amounts, for different reasons, and by...

Make Log Yield Analysis Part of Your Daily Routine

Treesearch

Jan Wiedenbeck; Jeff Palmer; Robert Mayer

2006-01-01

You haven't been conducting regular log yield studies because you don't have extra people to assign to the task. Besides, you've been around sawmills your whole life and have an innate sense of how your logs are yielding relative to the price you paid for them. Right? At the USDA Forest Service's hardwood marketing and utilization research lab in...

Auditory Environment across the Life Span of Cochlear Implant Users: Insights from Data Logging

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Busch, Tobias; Vanpoucke, Filiep; van Wieringen, Astrid

2017-01-01

Purpose: We describe the natural auditory environment of people with cochlear implants (CIs), how it changes across the life span, and how it varies between individuals. Method: We performed a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of Cochlear Nucleus 6 CI sound-processor data logs. The logs were obtained from 1,501 people with CIs (ages 0-96…

When Smart People Fail: An Analysis of the Transaction Log of an Online Public Access Catalog.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Peters, Thomas A.

1989-01-01

Describes a low cost study of the transaction logs of an online catalog at an academic library that examined failure rates, usage patterns, and probable causes of patron problems. The implications of the findings for bibliographic instruction and collection development are discussed and the benefits of analyzing transaction logs are identified.…

Nonuniversality of the Archie exponent due to multifractality of resistivity well logs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dashtian, Hassan; Yang, Yafan; Sahimi, Muhammad

2015-12-01

Archie's law expresses a relation between the formation factor F of porous media and their porosity ϕ, F∝ϕ-m, where m is the Archie or the cementation exponent. Despite widespread use of Archie's law, the value of m and whether it is universal and independent of the type of reservoir have remained controversial. We analyze various porosity and resistivity logs along 36 wells in six Iranian oil and gas reservoirs using wavelet transform coherence and multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis. m is estimated for two sets of data: one set contains the resistivity data that include those segments of the well that contain significant clay content and one without. The analysis indicates that the well logs are multifractal and that due to the multifractality the exponent m is nonuniversal. Thus, analysis of the resistivity of laboratory or outcrop samples that are not multifractal yields estimates of m that are not applicable to well logs in oil or gas reservoirs.

Logarithmic amplifiers.

PubMed

Gandler, W; Shapiro, H

1990-01-01

Logarithmic amplifiers (log amps), which produce an output signal proportional to the logarithm of the input signal, are widely used in cytometry for measurements of parameters that vary over a wide dynamic range, e.g., cell surface immunofluorescence. Existing log amp circuits all deviate to some extent from ideal performance with respect to dynamic range and fidelity to the logarithmic curve; accuracy in quantitative analysis using log amps therefore requires that log amps be individually calibrated. However, accuracy and precision may be limited by photon statistics and system noise when very low level input signals are encountered.

Beyond Logging of Fingertip Actions: Analysis of Collaborative Learning Using Multiple Sources of Data

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Avouris, N.; Fiotakis, G.; Kahrimanis, G.; Margaritis, M.; Komis, V.

2007-01-01

In this article, we discuss key requirements for collecting behavioural data concerning technology-supported collaborative learning activities. It is argued that the common practice of analysis of computer generated log files of user interactions with software tools is not enough for building a thorough view of the activity. Instead, more…

A Spreadsheet for a 2 x 3 x 2 Log-Linear Analysis. AIR 1991 Annual Forum Paper.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Saupe, Joe L.

This paper describes a personal computer spreadsheet set up to carry out hierarchical log-linear analyses, a type of analysis useful for institutional research into multidimensional frequency tables formed from categorical variables such as faculty rank, student class level, gender, or retention status. The spreadsheet provides a concrete vehicle…

Users' Perceptions of the Web As Revealed by Transaction Log Analysis.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moukdad, Haidar; Large, Andrew

2001-01-01

Describes the results of a transaction log analysis of a Web search engine, WebCrawler, to analyze user's queries for information retrieval. Results suggest most users do not employ advanced search features, and the linguistic structure often resembles a human-human communication model that is not always successful in human-computer communication.…

Catching errors with patient-specific pretreatment machine log file analysis.

PubMed

Rangaraj, Dharanipathy; Zhu, Mingyao; Yang, Deshan; Palaniswaamy, Geethpriya; Yaddanapudi, Sridhar; Wooten, Omar H; Brame, Scott; Mutic, Sasa

2013-01-01

A robust, efficient, and reliable quality assurance (QA) process is highly desired for modern external beam radiation therapy treatments. Here, we report the results of a semiautomatic, pretreatment, patient-specific QA process based on dynamic machine log file analysis clinically implemented for intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) treatments delivered by high energy linear accelerators (Varian 2100/2300 EX, Trilogy, iX-D, Varian Medical Systems Inc, Palo Alto, CA). The multileaf collimator machine (MLC) log files are called Dynalog by Varian. Using an in-house developed computer program called "Dynalog QA," we automatically compare the beam delivery parameters in the log files that are generated during pretreatment point dose verification measurements, with the treatment plan to determine any discrepancies in IMRT deliveries. Fluence maps are constructed and compared between the delivered and planned beams. Since clinical introduction in June 2009, 912 machine log file analyses QA were performed by the end of 2010. Among these, 14 errors causing dosimetric deviation were detected and required further investigation and intervention. These errors were the result of human operating mistakes, flawed treatment planning, and data modification during plan file transfer. Minor errors were also reported in 174 other log file analyses, some of which stemmed from false positives and unreliable results; the origins of these are discussed herein. It has been demonstrated that the machine log file analysis is a robust, efficient, and reliable QA process capable of detecting errors originating from human mistakes, flawed planning, and data transfer problems. The possibility of detecting these errors is low using point and planar dosimetric measurements. Copyright © 2013 American Society for Radiation Oncology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Fuzzy inference system for identification of geological stratigraphy off Prydz Bay, East Antarctica

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Singh, Upendra K.

2011-12-01

The analysis of well logging data plays key role in the exploration and development of hydrocarbon reservoirs. Various well log parameters such as porosity, gamma ray, density, transit time and resistivity, help in classification of strata and estimation of the physical, electrical and acoustical properties of the subsurface lithology. Strong and conspicuous changes in some of the log parameters associated with any particular geological stratigraphy formation are function of its composition, physical properties that help in classification. However some substrata show moderate values in respective log parameters and make difficult to identify the kind of strata, if we go by the standard variability ranges of any log parameters and visual inspection. The complexity increases further with more number of sensors involved. An attempt is made to identify the kinds of stratigraphy from well logs over Prydz bay basin, East Antarctica using fuzzy inference system. A model is built based on few data sets of known stratigraphy and further the network model is used as test model to infer the lithology of a borehole from their geophysical logs, not used in simulation. Initially the fuzzy based algorithm is trained, validated and tested on well log data and finally identifies the formation lithology of a hydrocarbon reservoir system of study area. The effectiveness of this technique is demonstrated by the analysis of the results for actual lithologs and coring data of ODP Leg 188. The fuzzy results show that the training performance equals to 82.95% while the prediction ability is 87.69%. The fuzzy results are very encouraging and the model is able to decipher even thin layer seams and other strata from geophysical logs. The result provides the significant sand formation of depth range 316.0- 341.0 m, where core recovery is incomplete.

Rule Systems for Runtime Verification: A Short Tutorial

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Barringer, Howard; Havelund, Klaus; Rydeheard, David; Groce, Alex

In this tutorial, we introduce two rule-based systems for on and off-line trace analysis, RuleR and LogScope. RuleR is a conditional rule-based system, which has a simple and easily implemented algorithm for effective runtime verification, and into which one can compile a wide range of temporal logics and other specification formalisms used for runtime verification. Specifications can be parameterized with data, or even with specifications, allowing for temporal logic combinators to be defined. We outline a number of simple syntactic extensions of core RuleR that can lead to further conciseness of specification but still enabling easy and efficient implementation. RuleR is implemented in Java and we will demonstrate its ease of use in monitoring Java programs. LogScope is a derivation of RuleR adding a simple very user-friendly temporal logic. It was developed in Python, specifically for supporting testing of spacecraft flight software for NASA’s next 2011 Mars mission MSL (Mars Science Laboratory). The system has been applied by test engineers to analysis of log files generated by running the flight software. Detailed logging is already part of the system design approach, and hence there is no added instrumentation overhead caused by this approach. While post-mortem log analysis prevents the autonomous reaction to problems possible with traditional runtime verification, it provides a powerful tool for test automation. A new system is being developed that integrates features from both RuleR and LogScope.

Unusual Physical Properties of the Chicxulub Crater Peak Ring: Results from IODP/ICDP Expedition 364

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Christeson, G. L.; Gebhardt, C.; Gulick, S. P. S.; Le Ber, E.; Lofi, J.; Morgan, J. V.; Nixon, C.; Rae, A.; Schmitt, D. R.

2017-12-01

IODP/ICDP Expedition 364 Hole M0077A drilled into the peak ring of the Chicxulub impact crater, recovering core between 505.7 and 1334.7 m below the seafloor (mbsf). Physical property measurements include wireline logging data, a vertical seismic profile (VSP), Multi-Sensor Core Logger (MSCL) measurements, and discrete sample measurements. The Hole M0077A peak ring rocks have unusual physical properties. Across the boundary between post-impact sediment and crater breccia we measure a sharp decrease in velocities and densities, and an increase in porosity. Mean crater breccia values are 3000-3300 m/s, 2.14-2.15 g/cm3, and 31% for velocity, density, and porosity, respectively. This zone is also associated with a low-frequency reflector package on MCS profiles and a low-velocity layer in FWI images, both confirmed from the VSP dataset. The thin (24 m) crater melt unit has mean velocity measurements of 3800-4150 m/s, density measurements of 2.32-2.34 g/cm3, and porosity measurements of 20%; density and porosity values are intermediate between the overlying impact breccia and underlying granitic basement, while the velocity values are similar to those for the underlying basement. The Hole M0077A crater melt unit velocities and densities are considerably less than values of 5800 m/s and 2.68 g/cm3 measured at an onshore well located in the annular trough. The uplifted granitic peak ring materials have mean values of 4100-4200 m/s, 2.39-2.44 g/cm3, and 11% for compressional wave velocity, density, and porosity, respectively; these values differ significantly from typical granite which has higher velocities (5400-6000 m/s) and densities (2.62-2.67 g/cm3), and lower porosities (<1%). All Hole M0077A peak-ring velocity, density, and porosity measurements indicate considerable fracturing, and are consistent with numerical models for peak-ring formation.

Facies-controlled fluid migration patterns and subsequent reservoir collapse by depressurization - the Entrada Sandstone, Utah

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sundal, A.; Skurtveit, E.; Midtkandal, I.; Hope, I.; Larsen, E.; Kristensen, R. S.; Braathen, A.

2016-12-01

The thick and laterally extensive Middle Jurassic Entrada Sandstone forms a regionally significant reservoir both in the subsurface and as outcrops in Utah. Individual layers of fluvial sandstone within otherwise fine-grained aeolian dunes and silty inter-dune deposits of the Entrada Earthy Member are of particular interest as CO2 reservoir analogs to study injectivity, reservoir-caprock interaction and bypass systems. Detailed mapping of facies and deformation structures, including petrographic studies and core plug tests, show significant rock property contrasts between layers of different sedimentary facies. Beds representing fluvial facies appear as white, medium-grained, well-sorted and cross-stratified sandstone, displaying high porosity, high micro-scale permeability, low tensile strength, and low seismic velocity. Subsequent to deposition, these beds were structurally deformed and contain a dense network of deformation bands, especially in proximity to faults and injectites. Over- and underlying low-permeability layers of inter-dune aeolian facies contain none or few deformation bands, display significantly higher rock strengths and high seismic velocities compared to the fluvial inter-beds. Permeable units between low-permeability layers are prone to become over-pressured during burial, and the establishment of fluid escape routes during regional tectonic events may have caused depressurization and selective collapse of weak layers. Through-cutting, vertical sand pipes display large clasts of stratified sandstone suspended in remobilized sand matrix, and may have served as permeable fluid conduits and pressure vents before becoming preferentially cemented and plugged. Bleached zones around faults and fractures throughout the succession indicate leakage and migration of reducing fluids. The fluvial beds are porous and would appear in wireline logs and seismic profiles as excellent reservoirs; whereas due to dense populations of deformation bands they may in fact display reduced horizontal and vertical permeability locally. Facies-related differences in geomechanical properties, pressure distribution and selective structural collapse have significant implications for injectivity and reservoir behavior.

Architecture and reservoir quality of low-permeable Eocene lacustrine turbidite sandstone from the Dongying Depression, East China

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Munawar, Muhammad Jawad; Lin, Chengyan; Chunmei, Dong; Zhang, Xianguo; Zhao, Haiyan; Xiao, Shuming; Azeem, Tahir; Zahid, Muhammad Aleem; Ma, Cunfei

2018-05-01

The architecture and quality of lacustrine turbidites that act as petroleum reservoirs are less well documented. Reservoir architecture and multiscale heterogeneity in turbidites represent serious challenges to production performance. Additionally, establishing a hierarchy profile to delineate heterogeneity is a challenging task in lacustrine turbidite deposits. Here, we report on the turbidites in the middle third member of the Eocene Shahejie Formation (Es3), which was deposited during extensive Middle to Late Eocene rifting in the Dongying Depression. Seismic records, wireline log responses, and core observations were integrated to describe the reservoir heterogeneity by delineating the architectural elements, sequence stratigraphic framework and lithofacies assemblage. A petrographic approach was adopted to constrain microscopic heterogeneity using an optical microscope, routine core analyses and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. The Es3m member is interpreted as a sequence set composed of four composite sequences: CS1, CS2, CS3 and CS4. A total of forty-five sequences were identified within these four composite sequences. Sand bodies were mainly deposited as channels, levees, overbank splays, lobes and lobe fringes. The combination of fining-upward and coarsening-upward lithofacies patterns in the architectural elements produces highly complex composite flow units. Microscopic heterogeneity is produced by diagenetic alteration processes (i.e., feldspar dissolution, authigenic clay formation and quartz cementation). The widespread kaolinization of feldspar and mobilization of materials enhanced the quality of the reservoir by producing secondary enlarged pores. In contrast, the formation of pore-filling authigenic illite and illite/smectite clays reduced its permeability. Recovery rates are higher in the axial areas and smaller in the marginal areas of architectural elements. This study represents a significant insight into the reservoir architecture and heterogeneity of lacustrine turbidites, and the understanding of compartmentalization and distribution of high-quality sand reservoirs can be applied to improve primary and secondary production in these fields.

Characterizing a complex aquifer system using geophysics, hydrodynamics and geochemistry: A new distribution of Miocene aquifers in the Zéramdine and Mahdia-Jébéniana blocks (east-central Tunisia)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lachaal, Fethi; Bédir, Mourad; Tarhouni, Jamila; Gacha, Ayadi Ben; Leduc, Christian

2011-06-01

The Zéramdine and Mahdia-Jébéniana blocks are located in the Sahel region in east-central Tunisia. Active tectonics have divided the region into numerous sub-units, as result of multiple phases of distension and compression. The Miocene fluvio-deltaic sediment sandy layers have aquiferous capacities but their hydraulic properties are still unknown, due to the lack of investigation wells. This study proposes a new description of the regional hydrogeology of Miocene deposits. Seismic-reflection and wireline logging of petroleum and water wells were used to understand the structure and the geometry of the Miocene reservoirs. The groundwater flow and its relationship to the sedimentary and tectonic context were then identified by studying piezometry and hydrochemistry. Two Miocene deep aquifer systems were identified: (1) Zéramdine-Béni Hassen to the north and (2) Jébéniana-Ksour Essef to the south. These aquifers are separated by the Mahdia graben. Other major tectonic structures, such as the Zéramdine fault corridor, the Moknine graben, and the El-Jem half-graben represent lateral boundaries for these aquifers. Other deeper sandy and clayey-sandy reservoirs were also identified in the area. Their repartition, thickness and depth vary from one block to other. Hydrodynamics of the deep aquifers seems to be controlled by geological structures. Two independent compartments were identified: in the northern block groundwater flows from West to East and from Northwest to Southeast, while in the southern block it flows from Northwest to Southeast. Geochemical facies are of two types: Na-Ca-Cl-SO 4 for the Zéramdine-Béni Hassen deep aquifer and Na-Cl for the Jébéniana-Ksour Essef deep aquifer. The hydrodynamic and geochemical results confirm the sharing of the Miocene sediments into two aquifers.

"Geo-statistics methods and neural networks in geophysical applications: A case study"

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rodriguez Sandoval, R.; Urrutia Fucugauchi, J.; Ramirez Cruz, L. C.

2008-12-01

The study is focus in the Ebano-Panuco basin of northeastern Mexico, which is being explored for hydrocarbon reservoirs. These reservoirs are in limestones and there is interest in determining porosity and permeability in the carbonate sequences. The porosity maps presented in this study are estimated from application of multiattribute and neural networks techniques, which combine geophysics logs and 3-D seismic data by means of statistical relationships. The multiattribute analysis is a process to predict a volume of any underground petrophysical measurement from well-log and seismic data. The data consist of a series of target logs from wells which tie a 3-D seismic volume. The target logs are neutron porosity logs. From the 3-D seismic volume a series of sample attributes is calculated. The objective of this study is to derive a set of attributes and the target log values. The selected set is determined by a process of forward stepwise regression. The analysis can be linear or nonlinear. In the linear mode the method consists of a series of weights derived by least-square minimization. In the nonlinear mode, a neural network is trained using the select attributes as inputs. In this case we used a probabilistic neural network PNN. The method is applied to a real data set from PEMEX. For better reservoir characterization the porosity distribution was estimated using both techniques. The case shown a continues improvement in the prediction of the porosity from the multiattribute to the neural network analysis. The improvement is in the training and the validation, which are important indicators of the reliability of the results. The neural network showed an improvement in resolution over the multiattribute analysis. The final maps provide more realistic results of the porosity distribution.

Lumber grades from old-growth Douglas-fir sawmill logs.

Treesearch

E.E. Matson

1956-01-01

The Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station has made in recent years several studies to determine the grades of lumber that could be expected from various sizes and grades of logs. Data on No. 2 and No. 3 Sawmill logs obtained in four Oregon old-growth Douglas-fir studies have been analyzed and combined in this report. Included in this analysis are data...

An interactive machine-learning approach for defect detection in computed tomogaraphy (CT) images of hardwood logs

Treesearch

Erol Sarigul; A. Lynn Abbott; Daniel L. Schmoldt; Philip A. Araman

2005-01-01

This paper describes recent progress in the analysis of computed tomography (CT) images of hardwood logs. The long-term goal of the work is to develop a system that is capable of autonomous (or semiautonomous) detection of internal defects, so that log breakdown decisions can be optimized based on defect locations. The problem is difficult because wood exhibits large...

Gas Hydrate Research Site Selection and Operational Research Plans

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Collett, T. S.; Boswell, R. M.

2009-12-01

In recent years it has become generally accepted that gas hydrates represent a potential important future energy resource, a significant drilling and production hazard, a potential contributor to global climate change, and a controlling factor in seafloor stability and landslides. Research drilling and coring programs carried out by the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP), the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP), government agencies, and several consortia have contributed greatly to our understanding of the geologic controls on the occurrence of gas hydrates in marine and permafrost environments. For the most part, each of these field projects were built on the lessons learned from the projects that have gone before them. One of the most important factors contributing to the success of some of the more notable gas hydrate field projects has been the close alignment of project goals with the processes used to select the drill sites and to develop the project’s operational research plans. For example, IODP Expedition 311 used a transect approach to successfully constrain the overall occurrence of gas hydrate within the range of geologic environments within a marine accretionary complex. Earlier gas hydrate research drilling, including IODP Leg 164, were designed primarily to assess the occurrence and nature of marine gas hydrate systems, and relied largely on the presence of anomalous seismic features, including bottom-simulating reflectors and “blanking zones”. While these projects were extremely successful, expeditions today are being increasingly mounted with the primary goal of prospecting for potential gas hydrate production targets, and site selection processes designed to specifically seek out anomalously high-concentrations of gas hydrate are needed. This approach was best demonstrated in a recently completed energy resource focused project, the Gulf of Mexico Gas Hydrate Joint Industry Project Leg II (GOM JIP Leg II), which featured the collection of a comprehensive set of logging-while-drilling (LWD) data through expected gas-hydrate-bearing sand reservoirs in seven wells at three sites in the Gulf of Mexico. The discovery of thick hydrate-bearing sands at two of the sites drilled in the Gulf Mexico validated the integrated geological and geophysical approach used in the pre-drill site selection process to identify gas hydrate reservoirs that may be conducive to energy production. The results of the GOM JIP Leg II LWD expedition are also being used to support the selection of sites for a future drilling, logging, and coring program. Operationally, recent drilling programs, such as ODP Leg 204, IODP Expedition 311, the Japanese Toaki-oki to Kumano-nada drilling leg, the Indian NGHP Expedition 01, and the South Korean Gas Hydrate Research and Development Organization Expedition 01 have demonstrated the great benefit of a multi-leg drilling approach, including the initial acquisition of LWD data that was used to then select sites for the drilling of complex core and wireline logging test holes. It is obvious that a fully integrated site selection approach and a “goal based” operational plan, possibly including numerous drill sites and drilling legs, are required considerations for any future gas hydrate research project.

Investigative clinical study on prostate cancer part IX and X: estradiol and the pituitary-testicular-prostate axis at the time of initial diagnosis and subsequent cluster selection of the patient population after radical prostatectomy.

PubMed

Porcaro, Antonio B; Ghimenton, Claudio; Petrozziello, Aldo; Sava, Teodoro; Migliorini, Filippo; Romano, Mario; Caruso, Beatrice; Cocco, Claudio; Antoniolli, Stefano Zecchinini; Lacola, Vincenzo; Rubilotta, Emanuele; Monaco, Carmelo

2012-10-01

To evaluate estradiol (E(2)) physiopathology along the pituitary-testicular-prostate axis at the time of initial diagnosis of prostate cancer (PC) and subsequent cluster selection of the patient population. Records of the diagnosed (n=105) and operated (n=91) patients were retrospectively reviewed. Age, percentage of positive cores at-biopsy (P+), biopsy Gleason score (bGS), E(2), prolactin (PRL), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), total testosterone (TT), free-testosterone (FT), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), pathology Gleason score (pGS), estimated tumor volume in relation to percentage of prostate volume (V+), overall prostate weight (Wi), clinical stage (cT), biopsy Gleason pattern (bGP) and pathology stage (pT), were the investigated variables. None of the patients had previously undergone hormonal manipulations. E(2) correlation and prediction by multiple linear regression analysis (MLRA) was performed. At diagnosis, the log E(2)/log bGS ratio clustered the population into groups A (log E(2)/log bGS ≤ 2.25), B (2.25

SU-F-T-295: MLCs Performance and Patient-Specific IMRT QA Using Log File Analysis

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Osman, A; American University of Biuret Medical Center, Biuret; Maalej, N

2016-06-15

Purpose: To analyze the performance of the multi-leaf collimators (MLCs) from the log files recorded during the intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) treatment and to construct the relative fluence maps and do the gamma analysis to compare the planned and executed MLCs movement. Methods: We developed a program to extract and analyze the data from dynamic log files (dynalog files) generated from sliding window IMRT delivery treatments. The program extracts the planned and executed (actual or delivered) MLCs movement, calculates and compares the relative planned and executed fluences. The fluence maps were used to perform the gamma analysis (with 3% dosemore » difference and 3 mm distance to agreement) for 3 IMR patients. We compared our gamma analysis results with those obtained from portal dose image prediction (PDIP) algorithm performed using the EPID. Results: For 3 different IMRT patient treatments, the maximum difference between the planned and the executed MCLs positions was 1.2 mm. The gamma analysis results of the planned and delivered fluences were in good agreement with the gamma analysis from portal dosimetry. The maximum difference for number of pixels passing the gamma criteria (3%/3mm) was 0.19% with respect to portal dosimetry results. Conclusion: MLC log files can be used to verify the performance of the MLCs. Patientspecific IMRT QA based on MLC movement log files gives similar results to EPID dosimetry results. This promising method for patient-specific IMRT QA is fast, does not require dose measurements in a phantom, can be done before the treatment and for every fraction, and significantly reduces the IMRT workload. The author would like to thank King Fahd University of petroleum and Minerals for the support.« less

Lithology identification of aquifers from geophysical well logs and fuzzy logic analysis: Shui-Lin Area, Taiwan

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hsieh, Bieng-Zih; Lewis, Charles; Lin, Zsay-Shing

2005-04-01

The purpose of this study is to construct a fuzzy lithology system from well logs to identify formation lithology of a groundwater aquifer system in order to better apply conventional well logging interpretation in hydro-geologic studies because well log responses of aquifers are sometimes different from those of conventional oil and gas reservoirs. The input variables for this system are the gamma-ray log reading, the separation between the spherically focused resistivity and the deep very-enhanced resistivity curves, and the borehole compensated sonic log reading. The output variable is groundwater formation lithology. All linguistic variables are based on five linguistic terms with a trapezoidal membership function. In this study, 50 data sets are clustered into 40 training sets and 10 testing sets for constructing the fuzzy lithology system and validating the ability of system prediction, respectively. The rule-based database containing 12 fuzzy lithology rules is developed from the training data sets, and the rule strength is weighted. A Madani inference system and the bisector of area defuzzification method are used for fuzzy inference and defuzzification. The success of training performance and the prediction ability were both 90%, with the calculated correlation of training and testing equal to 0.925 and 0.928, respectively. Well logs and core data from a clastic aquifer (depths 100-198 m) in the Shui-Lin area of west-central Taiwan are used for testing the system's construction. Comparison of results from core analysis, well logging and the fuzzy lithology system indicates that even though the well logging method can easily define a permeable sand formation, distinguishing between silts and sands and determining grain size variation in sands is more subjective. These shortcomings can be improved by a fuzzy lithology system that is able to yield more objective decisions than some conventional methods of log interpretation.

Isotropic, anisotropic, and borehole washout analyses in Gulf of Mexico Gas Hydrate Joint Industry Project Leg II, Alaminos Canyon well 21-A

USGS Publications Warehouse

Lee, Myung W.

2012-01-01

Through the use of three-dimensional seismic amplitude mapping, several gas hydrate prospects were identified in the Alaminos Canyon area of the Gulf of Mexico. Two of the prospects were drilled as part of the Gulf of Mexico Gas Hydrate Joint Industry Program Leg II in May 2009, and a suite of logging-while-drilling logs was acquired at each well site. Logging-while-drilling logs at the Alaminos Canyon 21–A site indicate that resistivities of approximately 2 ohm-meter and P-wave velocities of approximately 1.9 kilometers per second were measured in a possible gas-hydrate-bearing target sand interval between 540 and 632 feet below the sea floor. These values are slightly elevated relative to those measured in the hydrate-free sediment surrounding the sands. The initial well log analysis is inconclusive in determining the presence of gas hydrate in the logged sand interval, mainly because large washouts in the target interval degraded well log measurements. To assess gas-hydrate saturations, a method of compensating for the effect of washouts on the resistivity and acoustic velocities is required. To meet this need, a method is presented that models the washed-out portion of the borehole as a vertical layer filled with seawater (drilling fluid). Owing to the anisotropic nature of this geometry, the apparent anisotropic resistivities and velocities caused by the vertical layer are used to correct measured log values. By incorporating the conventional marine seismic data into the well log analysis of the washout-corrected well logs, the gas-hydrate saturation at well site AC21–A was estimated to be in the range of 13 percent. Because gas hydrates in the vertical fractures were observed, anisotropic rock physics models were also applied to estimate gas-hydrate saturations.

Statistics, Structures & Satisfied Customers: Using Web Log Data to Improve Site Performance.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Peacock, Darren

This paper explores some of the ways in which the National Museum of Australia is using Web analysis tools to shape its future directions in the delivery of online services. In particular, it explores the potential of quantitative analysis, based on Web server log data, to convert these ephemeral traces of user experience into a strategic…

VizieR Online Data Catalog: CoRoT red giants abundances (Morel+, 2014)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Morel, T.; Miglio, A.; Lagarde, N.; Montalban, J.; Rainer, M.; Poretti, E.; Eggenberger, P.; Hekker, S.; Kallinger, T.; Mosser, B.; Valentini, M.; Carrier, F.; Hareter, M.; Mantegazza, L.

2014-02-01

The equivalent widths were measured manually assuming Gaussian profiles or Voigt profiles for the few lines with extended damping wings. Lines with an unsatisfactory fit or significantly affected by telluric features were discarded. Only values eventually retained for the analysis are provided. For the chemical abundances, the usual notation is used: [X/Y]=[log({epsilon}(X))-log({epsilon}(Y))]star - [log({epsilon}(X))-log({epsilon}(Y))]⊙ with log{epsilon}(X)=12+log[N(X)/N(H)] (N is the number density of the species). For lithium, the following notation is used: [Li/H]=log(N(Li))star-log(N(Li))⊙. The adopted solar abundances are taken from Grevesse & Sauval (1998SSRv...85..161G), except for Li for which we adopt our derived values: log({epsilon}(Li))⊙=1.09 and 1.13 in LTE and NLTE, respectively (see text). All the abundances are computed under the assumption of LTE, except Li for which values corrected for departures from LTE using the data of Lind et al. (2009A&A...503..541L) are also provided. All the quoted error bars are 1-sigma uncertainties. (6 data files).

Analysis of geophysical logs from six boreholes at Lariat Gulch, former U.S. Air Force site PJKS, Jefferson County, Colorado

USGS Publications Warehouse

Paillet, Frederick L.; Hodges, Richard E.; Corland, Barbara S.

2002-01-01

This report presents and describes geophysical logs for six boreholes in Lariat Gulch, a topographic gulch at the former U.S. Air Force site PJKS in Jefferson County near Denver, Colorado. Geophysical logs include gamma, normal resistivity, fluid-column temperature and resistivity, caliper, televiewer, and heat-pulse flowmeter. These logs were run in two boreholes penetrating only the Fountain Formation of Pennsylvanian and Permian age (logged to depths of about 65 and 570 feet) and in four boreholes (logged to depths of about 342 to 742 feet) penetrating mostly the Fountain Formation and terminating in Precambrian crystalline rock, which underlies the Fountain Formation. Data from the logs were used to identify fractures and bedding planes and to locate the contact between the two formations. The logs indicated few fractures in the boreholes and gave no indication of higher transmissivity in the contact zone between the two formations. Transmissivities for all fractures in each borehole were estimated to be less than 2 feet squared per day.

Extracting the Textual and Temporal Structure of Supercomputing Logs

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jain, S; Singh, I; Chandra, A

2009-05-26

Supercomputers are prone to frequent faults that adversely affect their performance, reliability and functionality. System logs collected on these systems are a valuable resource of information about their operational status and health. However, their massive size, complexity, and lack of standard format makes it difficult to automatically extract information that can be used to improve system management. In this work we propose a novel method to succinctly represent the contents of supercomputing logs, by using textual clustering to automatically find the syntactic structures of log messages. This information is used to automatically classify messages into semantic groups via an onlinemore » clustering algorithm. Further, we describe a methodology for using the temporal proximity between groups of log messages to identify correlated events in the system. We apply our proposed methods to two large, publicly available supercomputing logs and show that our technique features nearly perfect accuracy for online log-classification and extracts meaningful structural and temporal message patterns that can be used to improve the accuracy of other log analysis techniques.« less

Scientific publishing in non industrialized countries: a pilot wireless internet project for Africa.

PubMed

Azzi, Angelo

2005-01-01

There is general agreement that the internet is the major means of future scientific communication and education. However not everybody appreciates that the development of electronic communication in industrialized societies is not matched, even to a small extent, in developing countries. Several new technologies offer the potential for developing countries to provide connectivity. Terrestrial wireless and satellite technologies offer many advantages in that they do not require installation of wire-line networks. Satellite facilities can also be installed where communication is needed, even in remote and isolated areas, rather than waiting for terrestrial networks to be extended from the cities.

WILSON-BAPPU EFFECT: EXTENDED TO SURFACE GRAVITY

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Park, Sunkyung; Kang, Wonseok; Lee, Jeong-Eun

2013-10-01

In 1957, Wilson and Bappu found a tight correlation between the stellar absolute visual magnitude (M{sub V} ) and the width of the Ca II K emission line for late-type stars. Here, we revisit the Wilson-Bappu relationship (WBR) to claim that the WBR can be an excellent indicator of stellar surface gravity of late-type stars as well as a distance indicator. We have measured the width (W) of the Ca II K emission line in high-resolution spectra of 125 late-type stars obtained with the Bohyunsan Optical Echelle Spectrograph and adopted from the Ultraviolet and Visual Echelle Spectrograph archive. Based onmore » our measurement of the emission line width (W), we have obtained a WBR of M{sub V} = 33.76 - 18.08 log W. In order to extend the WBR to being a surface gravity indicator, stellar atmospheric parameters such as effective temperature (T{sub eff}), surface gravity (log g), metallicity ([Fe/H]), and micro-turbulence ({xi}{sub tur}) have been derived from self-consistent detailed analysis using the Kurucz stellar atmospheric model and the abundance analysis code, MOOG. Using these stellar parameters and log W, we found that log g = -5.85 log W+9.97 log T{sub eff} - 23.48 for late-type stars.« less

Identification Method of Mud Shale Fractures Base on Wavelet Transform

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xia, Weixu; Lai, Fuqiang; Luo, Han

2018-01-01

In recent years, inspired by seismic analysis technology, a new method for analysing mud shale fractures oil and gas reservoirs by logging properties has emerged. By extracting the high frequency attribute of the wavelet transform in the logging attribute, the formation information hidden in the logging signal is extracted, identified the fractures that are not recognized by conventional logging and in the identified fracture segment to show the “cycle jump”, “high value”, “spike” and other response effect is more obvious. Finally formed a complete wavelet denoising method and wavelet high frequency identification fracture method.

3-Dimensional Root Cause Diagnosis via Co-analysis

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zheng, Ziming; Lan, Zhiling; Yu, Li

2012-01-01

With the growth of system size and complexity, reliability has become a major concern for large-scale systems. Upon the occurrence of failure, system administrators typically trace the events in Reliability, Availability, and Serviceability (RAS) logs for root cause diagnosis. However, RAS log only contains limited diagnosis information. Moreover, the manual processing is time-consuming, error-prone, and not scalable. To address the problem, in this paper we present an automated root cause diagnosis mechanism for large-scale HPC systems. Our mechanism examines multiple logs to provide a 3-D fine-grained root cause analysis. Here, 3-D means that our analysis will pinpoint the failure layer,more » the time, and the location of the event that causes the problem. We evaluate our mechanism by means of real logs collected from a production IBM Blue Gene/P system at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. It successfully identifies failure layer information for 219 failures during 23-month period. Furthermore, it effectively identifies the triggering events with time and location information, even when the triggering events occur hundreds of hours before the resulting failures.« less

Analyzing engagement in a web-based intervention platform through visualizing log-data.

PubMed

Morrison, Cecily; Doherty, Gavin

2014-11-13

Engagement has emerged as a significant cross-cutting concern within the development of Web-based interventions. There have been calls to institute a more rigorous approach to the design of Web-based interventions, to increase both the quantity and quality of engagement. One approach would be to use log-data to better understand the process of engagement and patterns of use. However, an important challenge lies in organizing log-data for productive analysis. Our aim was to conduct an initial exploration of the use of visualizations of log-data to enhance understanding of engagement with Web-based interventions. We applied exploratory sequential data analysis to highlight sequential aspects of the log data, such as time or module number, to provide insights into engagement. After applying a number of processing steps, a range of visualizations were generated from the log-data. We then examined the usefulness of these visualizations for understanding the engagement of individual users and the engagement of cohorts of users. The visualizations created are illustrated with two datasets drawn from studies using the SilverCloud Platform: (1) a small, detailed dataset with interviews (n=19) and (2) a large dataset (n=326) with 44,838 logged events. We present four exploratory visualizations of user engagement with a Web-based intervention, including Navigation Graph, Stripe Graph, Start-Finish Graph, and Next Action Heat Map. The first represents individual usage and the last three, specific aspects of cohort usage. We provide examples of each with a discussion of salient features. Log-data analysis through data visualization is an alternative way of exploring user engagement with Web-based interventions, which can yield different insights than more commonly used summative measures. We describe how understanding the process of engagement through visualizations can support the development and evaluation of Web-based interventions. Specifically, we show how visualizations can (1) allow inspection of content or feature usage in a temporal relationship to the overall program at different levels of granularity, (2) detect different patterns of use to consider personalization in the design process, (3) detect usability issues, (4) enable exploratory analysis to support the design of statistical queries to summarize the data, (5) provide new opportunities for real-time evaluation, and (6) examine assumptions about interactivity that underlie many summative measures in this field.

Analyzing Engagement in a Web-Based Intervention Platform Through Visualizing Log-Data

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

Background Engagement has emerged as a significant cross-cutting concern within the development of Web-based interventions. There have been calls to institute a more rigorous approach to the design of Web-based interventions, to increase both the quantity and quality of engagement. One approach would be to use log-data to better understand the process of engagement and patterns of use. However, an important challenge lies in organizing log-data for productive analysis. Objective Our aim was to conduct an initial exploration of the use of visualizations of log-data to enhance understanding of engagement with Web-based interventions. Methods We applied exploratory sequential data analysis to highlight sequential aspects of the log data, such as time or module number, to provide insights into engagement. After applying a number of processing steps, a range of visualizations were generated from the log-data. We then examined the usefulness of these visualizations for understanding the engagement of individual users and the engagement of cohorts of users. The visualizations created are illustrated with two datasets drawn from studies using the SilverCloud Platform: (1) a small, detailed dataset with interviews (n=19) and (2) a large dataset (n=326) with 44,838 logged events. Results We present four exploratory visualizations of user engagement with a Web-based intervention, including Navigation Graph, Stripe Graph, Start–Finish Graph, and Next Action Heat Map. The first represents individual usage and the last three, specific aspects of cohort usage. We provide examples of each with a discussion of salient features. Conclusions Log-data analysis through data visualization is an alternative way of exploring user engagement with Web-based interventions, which can yield different insights than more commonly used summative measures. We describe how understanding the process of engagement through visualizations can support the development and evaluation of Web-based interventions. Specifically, we show how visualizations can (1) allow inspection of content or feature usage in a temporal relationship to the overall program at different levels of granularity, (2) detect different patterns of use to consider personalization in the design process, (3) detect usability issues, (4) enable exploratory analysis to support the design of statistical queries to summarize the data, (5) provide new opportunities for real-time evaluation, and (6) examine assumptions about interactivity that underlie many summative measures in this field. PMID:25406097

Adjustments to forest inventory and analysis estimates of 2001 saw-log volumes for Kentucky

Treesearch

Stanley J. Zarnoch; Jeffery A. Turner

2005-01-01

The 2001 Kentucky Forest Inventory and Analysis survey overestimated hardwood saw-log volume in tree grade 1. This occurred because 2001 field crews classified too many trees as grade 1 trees. Data collected by quality assurance crews were used to generate two types of adjustments, one based on the proportion of trees misclassified and the other on the proportion of...

Understanding Academic Information Seeking Habits through Analysis of Web Server Log Files: The Case of the Teachers College Library Website

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Asunka, Stephen; Chae, Hui Soo; Hughes, Brian; Natriello, Gary

2009-01-01

Transaction logs of user activity on an academic library website were analyzed to determine general usage patterns on the website. This paper reports on insights gained from the analysis, and identifies and discusses issues relating to content access, interface design and general functionality of the website. (Contains 13 figures and 8 tables.)

The Use of OPAC in a Large Academic Library: A Transactional Log Analysis Study of Subject Searching

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Villen-Rueda, Luis; Senso, Jose A.; de Moya-Anegon, Felix

2007-01-01

The analysis of user searches in catalogs has been the topic of research for over four decades, involving numerous studies and diverse methodologies. The present study looks at how different types of users effect queries in the catalog of a university library. For this purpose, we analyzed log files to determine which was the most frequent type of…

Remote sensing of selective logging in Amazonia Assessing limitations based on detailed field observations, Landsat ETM+, and textural analysis.

Treesearch

Gregory P. Asner; Michael Keller; Rodrigo Pereira; Johan C. Zweede

2002-01-01

We combined a detailed field study of forest canopy damage with calibrated Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) reflectance data and texture analysis to assess the sensitivity of basic broadband optical remote sensing to selective logging in Amazonia. Our field study encompassed measurements of ground damage and canopy gap fractions along a chronosequence of...

Statistical Analysis of the Exchange Rate of Bitcoin.

PubMed

Chu, Jeffrey; Nadarajah, Saralees; Chan, Stephen

2015-01-01

Bitcoin, the first electronic payment system, is becoming a popular currency. We provide a statistical analysis of the log-returns of the exchange rate of Bitcoin versus the United States Dollar. Fifteen of the most popular parametric distributions in finance are fitted to the log-returns. The generalized hyperbolic distribution is shown to give the best fit. Predictions are given for future values of the exchange rate.

Log Analysis Using Splunk Hadoop Connect

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-06-01

running a logging service puts a performance tax on the system and may cause the degradation of performance. More thorough 8 logging will cause a...several nodes. For example, a disk failure would affect all the tasks running on a particular node and generate an alert message not only for the disk...the commands that were executed from the " Run " command. The keylogger installation did not create any registry keys for the program itself. However

The application of PGNAA borehole logging for copper grade estimation at Chuquicamata mine.

PubMed

Charbucinski, J; Duran, O; Freraut, R; Heresi, N; Pineyro, I

2004-05-01

The field trials of a prompt gamma neutron activation (PGNAA) spectrometric logging method and instrumentation (SIROLOG) for copper grade estimation in production holes of a porphyry type copper ore mine, Chuquicamata in Chile, are described. Examples of data analysis, calibration procedures and copper grade profiles are provided. The field tests have proved the suitability of the PGNAA logging system for in situ quality control of copper ore.

Geophysical evaluation of sandstone aquifers in the Reconcavo-Tucano Basin, Bahia -- Brazil

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lima, O.A.L. de

1993-11-01

The upper clastic sediments in the Reconcavo-Tucano basin comprise a multilayer aquifer system of Jurassic age. Its groundwater is normally fresh down to depths of more than 1,000 m. Locally, however, there are zones producing high salinity or sulfur geothermal water. Analysis of electrical logs of more than 150 wells enabled the identification of the most typical sedimentary structures and the gross geometries for the sandstone units in selected areas of the basin. Based on this information, the thick sands are interpreted as coalescent point bars and the shales as flood plain deposits of a large fluvial environment. The resistivitymore » logs and core laboratory data are combined to develop empirical equations relating aquifer porosity and permeability to log-derived parameters such as formation factor and cementation exponent. Temperature logs of 15 wells were useful to quantify the water leakage through semiconfining shales. The groundwater quality was inferred from spontaneous potential (SP) log deflections under control of chemical analysis of water samples. An empirical chart is developed that relates the SP-derived water resistivity to the true water resistivity within the formations. The patterns of salinity variation with depth inferred from SP logs were helpful in identifying subsurface flows along major fault zones, where extensive mixing of water is taking place. A total of 49 vertical Schlumberger resistivity soundings aid in defining aquifer structures and in extrapolating the log derived results. Transition zones between fresh and saline waters have also been detected based on a combination of logging and surface sounding data. Ionic filtering by water leakage across regional shales, local convection and mixing along major faults and hydrodynamic dispersion away from lateral permeability contrasts are the main mechanisms controlling the observed distributions of salinity and temperature within the basin.« less

Anisotropic models to account for large borehole washouts to estimate gas hydrate saturations in the Gulf of Mexico Gas Hydrate Joint Industry Project Leg II Alaminos 21 B well

USGS Publications Warehouse

Lee, M.W.; Collett, T.S.; Lewis, K.A.

2012-01-01

Through the use of 3-D seismic amplitude mapping, several gashydrate prospects were identified in the Alaminos Canyon (AC) area of the Gulf of Mexico. Two locations were drilled as part of the Gulf of MexicoGasHydrate Joint Industry Project Leg II (JIP Leg II) in May of 2009 and a comprehensive set of logging-while-drilling (LWD) logs were acquired at each well site. LWD logs indicated that resistivity in the range of ~2 ohm-m and P-wave velocity in the range of ~1.9 km/s were measured in the target sand interval between 515 and 645 feet below sea floor. These values were slightly elevated relative to those measured in the sediment above and below the target sand. However, the initial well log analysis was inconclusive regarding the presence of gashydrate in the logged sand interval, mainly because largewashouts caused by drilling in the target interval degraded confidence in the well log measurements. To assess gashydratesaturations in the sedimentary section drilled in the Alaminos Canyon 21B (AC21-B) well, a method of compensating for the effect of washouts on the resistivity and acoustic velocities was developed. The proposed method models the washed-out portion of the borehole as a vertical layer filled with sea water (drilling fluid) and the apparent anisotropic resistivity and velocities caused by a vertical layer are used to correct the measured log values. By incorporating the conventional marine seismic data into the well log analysis, the average gashydratesaturation in the target sand section in the AC21-Bwell can be constrained to the range of 8–28%, with 20% being our best estimate.

Image analysis for the automated estimation of clonal growth and its application to the growth of smooth muscle cells.

PubMed

Gavino, V C; Milo, G E; Cornwell, D G

1982-03-01

Image analysis was used for the automated measurement of colony frequency (f) and colony diameter (d) in cultures of smooth muscle cells, Initial studies with the inverted microscope showed that number of cells (N) in a colony varied directly with d: log N = 1.98 log d - 3.469 Image analysis generated the complement of a cumulative distribution for f as a function of d. The number of cells in each segment of the distribution function was calculated by multiplying f and the average N for the segment. These data were displayed as a cumulative distribution function. The total number of colonies (fT) and the total number of cells (NT) were used to calculate the average colony size (NA). Population doublings (PD) were then expressed as log2 NA. Image analysis confirmed previous studies in which colonies were sized and counted with an inverted microscope. Thus, image analysis is a rapid and automated technique for the measurement of clonal growth.

On comparison of net survival curves.

PubMed

Pavlič, Klemen; Perme, Maja Pohar

2017-05-02

Relative survival analysis is a subfield of survival analysis where competing risks data are observed, but the causes of death are unknown. A first step in the analysis of such data is usually the estimation of a net survival curve, possibly followed by regression modelling. Recently, a log-rank type test for comparison of net survival curves has been introduced and the goal of this paper is to explore its properties and put this methodological advance into the context of the field. We build on the association between the log-rank test and the univariate or stratified Cox model and show the analogy in the relative survival setting. We study the properties of the methods using both the theoretical arguments as well as simulations. We provide an R function to enable practical usage of the log-rank type test. Both the log-rank type test and its model alternatives perform satisfactory under the null, even if the correlation between their p-values is rather low, implying that both approaches cannot be used simultaneously. The stratified version has a higher power in case of non-homogeneous hazards, but also carries a different interpretation. The log-rank type test and its stratified version can be interpreted in the same way as the results of an analogous semi-parametric additive regression model despite the fact that no direct theoretical link can be established between the test statistics.

Delineating chalk sand distribution of Ekofisk formation using probabilistic neural network (PNN) and stepwise regression (SWR): Case study Danish North Sea field

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Haris, A.; Nafian, M.; Riyanto, A.

2017-07-01

Danish North Sea Fields consist of several formations (Ekofisk, Tor, and Cromer Knoll) that was started from the age of Paleocene to Miocene. In this study, the integration of seismic and well log data set is carried out to determine the chalk sand distribution in the Danish North Sea field. The integration of seismic and well log data set is performed by using the seismic inversion analysis and seismic multi-attribute. The seismic inversion algorithm, which is used to derive acoustic impedance (AI), is model-based technique. The derived AI is then used as external attributes for the input of multi-attribute analysis. Moreover, the multi-attribute analysis is used to generate the linear and non-linear transformation of among well log properties. In the case of the linear model, selected transformation is conducted by weighting step-wise linear regression (SWR), while for the non-linear model is performed by using probabilistic neural networks (PNN). The estimated porosity, which is resulted by PNN shows better suited to the well log data compared with the results of SWR. This result can be understood since PNN perform non-linear regression so that the relationship between the attribute data and predicted log data can be optimized. The distribution of chalk sand has been successfully identified and characterized by porosity value ranging from 23% up to 30%.

Spectral Analysis of the sdO Standard Star Feige 34

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Latour, M.; Chayer, P.; Green, E. M.; Fontaine, G.

2017-03-01

We present our current work on the spectral analysis of the hot sdO star Feige 34. We combine high S/N optical spectra and fully-blanketed non-LTE model atmospheres to derive its fundamental parameters (Teff, log g) and helium abundance. Our best fits indicate Teff = 63 000 K, log g = 6.0 and log N(He)/N(H) = -1.8. We also use available ultraviolet spectra (IUE and FUSE) to measure metal abundances. We find the star to be enriched in iron and nickel by a factor of ten with respect to the solar values, while lighter elements have subsolar abundances. The FUSE spectrum suggests that the spectral lines could be broadened by rotation.

Prediction of octanol-air partition coefficients for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) using 3D-QSAR models.

PubMed

Chen, Ying; Cai, Xiaoyu; Jiang, Long; Li, Yu

2016-02-01

Based on the experimental data of octanol-air partition coefficients (KOA) for 19 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners, two types of QSAR methods, comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA), are used to establish 3D-QSAR models using the structural parameters as independent variables and using logKOA values as the dependent variable with the Sybyl software to predict the KOA values of the remaining 190 PCB congeners. The whole data set (19 compounds) was divided into a training set (15 compounds) for model generation and a test set (4 compounds) for model validation. As a result, the cross-validation correlation coefficient (q(2)) obtained by the CoMFA and CoMSIA models (shuffled 12 times) was in the range of 0.825-0.969 (>0.5), the correlation coefficient (r(2)) obtained was in the range of 0.957-1.000 (>0.9), and the SEP (standard error of prediction) of test set was within the range of 0.070-0.617, indicating that the models were robust and predictive. Randomly selected from a set of models, CoMFA analysis revealed that the corresponding percentages of the variance explained by steric and electrostatic fields were 23.9% and 76.1%, respectively, while CoMSIA analysis by steric, electrostatic and hydrophobic fields were 0.6%, 92.6%, and 6.8%, respectively. The electrostatic field was determined as a primary factor governing the logKOA. The correlation analysis of the relationship between the number of Cl atoms and the average logKOA values of PCBs indicated that logKOA values gradually increased as the number of Cl atoms increased. Simultaneously, related studies on PCB detection in the Arctic and Antarctic areas revealed that higher logKOA values indicate a stronger PCB migration ability. From CoMFA and CoMSIA contour maps, logKOA decreased when substituents possessed electropositive groups at the 2-, 3-, 3'-, 5- and 6- positions, which could reduce the PCB migration ability. These results are expected to be beneficial in predicting logKOA values of PCB homologues and derivatives and in providing a theoretical foundation for further elucidation of the global migration behaviour of PCBs. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Use of biopartitioning micellar chromatography and RP-HPLC for the determination of blood-brain barrier penetration of α-adrenergic/imidazoline receptor ligands, and QSPR analysis.

PubMed

Vucicevic, J; Popovic, M; Nikolic, K; Filipic, S; Obradovic, D; Agbaba, D

2017-03-01

For this study, 31 compounds, including 16 imidazoline/α-adrenergic receptor (IRs/α-ARs) ligands and 15 central nervous system (CNS) drugs, were characterized in terms of the retention factors (k) obtained using biopartitioning micellar and classical reversed phase chromatography (log k BMC and log k wRP , respectively). Based on the retention factor (log k wRP ) and slope of the linear curve (S) the isocratic parameter (φ 0 ) was calculated. Obtained retention factors were correlated with experimental log BB values for the group of examined compounds. High correlations were obtained between logarithm of biopartitioning micellar chromatography (BMC) retention factor and effective permeability (r(log k BMC /log BB): 0.77), while for RP-HPLC system the correlations were lower (r(log k wRP /log BB): 0.58; r(S/log BB): -0.50; r(φ 0 /P e ): 0.61). Based on the log k BMC retention data and calculated molecular parameters of the examined compounds, quantitative structure-permeability relationship (QSPR) models were developed using partial least squares, stepwise multiple linear regression, support vector machine and artificial neural network methodologies. A high degree of structural diversity of the analysed IRs/α-ARs ligands and CNS drugs provides wide applicability domain of the QSPR models for estimation of blood-brain barrier penetration of the related compounds.

Emergency medicine clerkship encounter and procedure logging using handheld computers.

PubMed

Penciner, Rick; Siddiqui, Sanam; Lee, Shirley

2007-08-01

Tracking medical student clinical encounters is now an accreditation requirement of medical schools. The use of handheld computers for electronic logging is emerging as a strategy to achieve this. To evaluate the technical feasibility and student satisfaction of a novel electronic logging and feedback program using handheld computers in the emergency department. This was a survey study of fourth-year medical student satisfaction with the use of their handheld computers for electronic logging of patient encounters and procedures. The authors also included an analysis of this technology. Forty-six students participated in this pilot project, logging a total of 2,930 encounters. Students used the logs an average of 7.6 shifts per rotation, logging an average of 8.3 patients per shift. Twenty-nine students (63%) responded to the survey. Students generally found it easy to complete each encounter (69%) and easy to synchronize their handheld computer with the central server (83%). However, half the students (49%) never viewed the feedback Web site and most (79%) never reviewed their logs with their preceptors. Overall, only 17% found the logging program beneficial as a learning tool. Electronic logging by medical students during their emergency medicine clerkship has many potential benefits as a method to document clinical encounters and procedures performed. However, this study demonstrated poor compliance and dissatisfaction with the process. In order for electronic logging using handheld computers to be a beneficial educational tool for both learners and educators, obstacles to effective implementation need to be addressed.

INSPIRE and SPIRES Log File Analysis

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Adams, Cole; /Wheaton Coll. /SLAC

2012-08-31

SPIRES, an aging high-energy physics publication data base, is in the process of being replaced by INSPIRE. In order to ease the transition from SPIRES to INSPIRE it is important to understand user behavior and the drivers for adoption. The goal of this project was to address some questions in regards to the presumed two-thirds of the users still using SPIRES. These questions are answered through analysis of the log files from both websites. A series of scripts were developed to collect and interpret the data contained in the log files. The common search patterns and usage comparisons are mademore » between INSPIRE and SPIRES, and a method for detecting user frustration is presented. The analysis reveals a more even split than originally thought as well as the expected trend of user transition to INSPIRE.« less

Application of Fracture Distribution Prediction Model in Xihu Depression of East China Sea

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yan, Weifeng; Duan, Feifei; Zhang, Le; Li, Ming

2018-02-01

There are different responses on each of logging data with the changes of formation characteristics and outliers caused by the existence of fractures. For this reason, the development of fractures in formation can be characterized by the fine analysis of logging curves. The well logs such as resistivity, sonic transit time, density, neutron porosity and gamma ray, which are classified as conventional well logs, are more sensitive to formation fractures. In view of traditional fracture prediction model, using the simple weighted average of different logging data to calculate the comprehensive fracture index, are more susceptible to subjective factors and exist a large deviation, a statistical method is introduced accordingly. Combining with responses of conventional logging data on the development of formation fracture, a prediction model based on membership function is established, and its essence is to analyse logging data with fuzzy mathematics theory. The fracture prediction results in a well formation in NX block of Xihu depression through two models are compared with that of imaging logging, which shows that the accuracy of fracture prediction model based on membership function is better than that of traditional model. Furthermore, the prediction results are highly consistent with imaging logs and can reflect the development of cracks much better. It can provide a reference for engineering practice.

Looking into a volcanic area: An overview on the 350 m scientific drilling at Colli Albani (Rome, Italy)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mariucci, M. Teresa; Pierdominici, Simona; Pizzino, Luca; Marra, Fabrizio; Montone, Paola

2008-09-01

A 350 m deep borehole was drilled in the Colli Albani volcanic district (Central Italy) in order to: understand the shallow crust structure beneath the volcanic complex; characterize the rock physical properties especially through in-situ measurements and, afterward, laboratory experiments; assess the local present-day stress field; install a broad-band seismometer at depth. The borehole is located adjacent to the western rim of the Tuscolano-Artemisio caldera, where several phenomena of unrest recently occurred. In 1989-90 a seismic swarm affected this area and a related uplift was recognized. In addition, high gas concentrations (mainly CO 2 and H 2S), in aquifers and soils, caused illnesses and casualties among inhabitants and animals in the past. We describe the investigations carried out at the drill site and the results achieved from data analysis. Wire-line drilling produced a complete stratigraphic record of the Quaternary volcanic units down to the Plio-Pleistocene sedimentary sequence and geophysical logs allowed a characterization of the rock physical properties. From a tectonic point of view, data provided by Dipmeter and Borehole Televiewer were used for investigations on the recent and present-day stress field and the results are compared to those available in the literature. In the volcanic units we recognized two main fracture systems, SW and NW dipping. Several faults intersecting the borehole show planes with oblique striae, indicating a prevalent strike-slip component of the movement. Finally, borehole breakout analysis defined an active stress field with a ˜ E-W oriented minimum horizontal component. At the end of the drilling, a blow-out occurred, due to pressurized fluids trapped into the sandy unit drilled in the last few meters of the hole. Sampling these fluids gave an additional value to the borehole, providing information about the deep volcanic circulation and its possible connection to a deep-seated magma chamber. The main results show water with a Na-HCO 3 chemistry and the highest salinity ever recognised in the area (Electrical Conductivity = 10.12 mS/cm). Stable O and H isotopes reveal a meteoric origin of water and the absence of tritium points out a long residence time in the aquifer. Emitted gas is CO 2-dominated, with N 2 as second most important component. Helium isotopic composition of the gas allows us to estimate a magmatic component ranging in the interval 40-50%, one of the highest in the Colli Albani. Carbon isotopes of CO 2 (- 0.53‰ vs. PDB) suggest that it could derive partly from a magmatic source and partly by the thermal decarbonation of the carbonatic basement.

Geological and geochemical characterization of the Lower Cretaceous Pearsall Formation, Maverick Basin, south Texas: A future shale gas resource?

USGS Publications Warehouse

Hackley, Paul C.

2012-01-01

As part of an assessment of undiscovered hydrocarbon resources in the northern Gulf of Mexico onshore Mesozoic section, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) evaluated the Lower Cretaceous Pearsall Formation of the Maverick Basin, south Texas, as a potential shale gas resource. Wireline logs were used to determine the stratigraphic distribution of the Pearsall Formation and to select available core and cuttings samples for analytical investigation. Samples used for this study spanned updip to downdip environments in the Maverick Basin, including several from the current shale gas-producing area of the Pearsall Formation.The term shale does not adequately describe any of the Pearsall samples evaluated for this study, which included argillaceous lime wackestones from more proximal marine depositional environments in Maverick County and argillaceous lime mudstones from the distal Lower Cretaceous shelf edge in western Bee County. Most facies in the Pearsall Formation were deposited in oxygenated environments as evidenced by the presence of biota preserved as shell fragments and the near absence of sediment laminae, which is probably caused by bioturbation. Organic material is poorly preserved and primarily consists of type III kerogen (terrestrial) and type IV kerogen (inert solid bitumen), with a minor contribution from type II kerogen (marine) based on petrographic analysis and pyrolysis. Carbonate dominates the mineralogy followed by clays and quartz. The low abundance and broad size distribution of pyrite are consistent with the presence of oxic conditions during sediment deposition. The Pearsall Formation is in the dry gas window of hydrocarbon generation (mean random vitrinite reflectance values, Ro = 1.2–2.2%) and contains moderate levels of total organic carbon (average 0.86 wt. %), which primarily resides in the inert solid bitumen. Solid bitumen is interpreted to result from in-situ thermal cracking of liquid hydrocarbon generated from original type II kerogen that was prevented from expulsion and migration by low permeability. The temperature of maximum pyrolysis output (Tmax) is a poor predictor of thermal maturity because the pyrolysis (S2) peaks from Rock-Eval analysis are ill defined. Vitrinite reflectance values are consistent with the dry gas window and are the preferred thermal maturity parameter.A Maverick Basin Pearsall shale gas assessment unit was defined using political and geologic boundaries to denote its spatial extent and was evaluated following established USGS hydrocarbon assessment methodology. The assessment estimated a mean undiscovered technically recoverable natural gas resource of 8.8 tcf of gas and 3.4 and 17.8 tcf of gas at the F95 and F5 fractile confidence levels, respectively. Significant engineering challenges will likely need to be met in determining the correct stimulation and completion combination for the successful future development of undiscovered natural gas resources in the Pearsall Formation.

Efficient Merge and Insert Operations for Binary Heaps and Trees

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kuszmaul, Christopher Lee; Woo, Alex C. (Technical Monitor)

2000-01-01

Binary heaps and binary search trees merge efficiently. We introduce a new amortized analysis that allows us to prove the cost of merging either binary heaps or balanced binary trees is O(l), in the amortized sense. The standard set of other operations (create, insert, delete, extract minimum, in the case of binary heaps, and balanced binary trees, as well as a search operation for balanced binary trees) remain with a cost of O(log n). For binary heaps implemented as arrays, we show a new merge algorithm that has a single operation cost for merging two heaps, a and b, of O(absolute value of a + min(log absolute value of b log log absolute value of b. log absolute value of a log absolute value of b). This is an improvement over O(absolute value of a + log absolute value of a log absolute value of b). The cost of the new merge is so low that it can be used in a new structure which we call shadow heaps. to implement the insert operation to a tunable efficiency. Shadow heaps support the insert operation for simple priority queues in an amortized time of O(f(n)) and other operations in time O((log n log log n)/f (n)), where 1 less than or equal to f (n) less than or equal to log log n. More generally, the results here show that any data structure with operations that change its size by at most one, with the exception of a merge (aka meld) operation, can efficiently amortize the cost of the merge under conditions that are true for most implementations of binary heaps and search trees.

Users' information-seeking behavior on a medical library Website

PubMed Central

Rozic-Hristovski, Anamarija; Hristovski, Dimitar; Todorovski, Ljupco

2002-01-01

The Central Medical Library (CMK) at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia, started to build a library Website that included a guide to library services and resources in 1997. The evaluation of Website usage plays an important role in its maintenance and development. Analyzing and exploring regularities in the visitors' behavior can be used to enhance the quality and facilitate delivery of information services, identify visitors' interests, and improve the server's performance. The analysis of the CMK Website users' navigational behavior was carried out by analyzing the Web server log files. These files contained information on all user accesses to the Website and provided a great opportunity to learn more about the behavior of visitors to the Website. The majority of the available tools for Web log file analysis provide a predefined set of reports showing the access count and the transferred bytes grouped along several dimensions. In addition to the reports mentioned above, the authors wanted to be able to perform interactive exploration and ad hoc analysis and discover trends in a user-friendly way. Because of that, we developed our own solution for exploring and analyzing the Web logs based on data warehousing and online analytical processing technologies. The analytical solution we developed proved successful, so it may find further application in the field of Web log file analysis. We will apply the findings of the analysis to restructuring the CMK Website. PMID:11999179

Binary Logistic Regression Analysis for Detecting Differential Item Functioning: Effectiveness of R[superscript 2] and Delta Log Odds Ratio Effect Size Measures

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hidalgo, Mª Dolores; Gómez-Benito, Juana; Zumbo, Bruno D.

2014-01-01

The authors analyze the effectiveness of the R[superscript 2] and delta log odds ratio effect size measures when using logistic regression analysis to detect differential item functioning (DIF) in dichotomous items. A simulation study was carried out, and the Type I error rate and power estimates under conditions in which only statistical testing…

Statistical Analysis of the Exchange Rate of Bitcoin

PubMed Central

Chu, Jeffrey; Nadarajah, Saralees; Chan, Stephen

2015-01-01

Bitcoin, the first electronic payment system, is becoming a popular currency. We provide a statistical analysis of the log-returns of the exchange rate of Bitcoin versus the United States Dollar. Fifteen of the most popular parametric distributions in finance are fitted to the log-returns. The generalized hyperbolic distribution is shown to give the best fit. Predictions are given for future values of the exchange rate. PMID:26222702

Prediction of passive blood-brain partitioning: straightforward and effective classification models based on in silico derived physicochemical descriptors

PubMed Central

Vilar, Santiago; Chakrabarti, Mayukh; Costanzi, Stefano

2010-01-01

The distribution of compounds between blood and brain is a very important consideration for new candidate drug molecules. In this paper, we describe the derivation of two linear discriminant analysis (LDA) models for the prediction of passive blood-brain partitioning, expressed in terms of log BB values. The models are based on computationally derived physicochemical descriptors, namely the octanol/water partition coefficient (log P), the topological polar surface area (TPSA) and the total number of acidic and basic atoms, and were obtained using a homogeneous training set of 307 compounds, for all of which the published experimental log BB data had been determined in vivo. In particular, since molecules with log BB > 0.3 cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) readily while molecules with log BB < −1 are poorly distributed to the brain, on the basis of these thresholds we derived two distinct models, both of which show a percentage of good classification of about 80%. Notably, the predictive power of our models was confirmed by the analysis of a large external dataset of compounds with reported activity on the central nervous system (CNS) or lack thereof. The calculation of straightforward physicochemical descriptors is the only requirement for the prediction of the log BB of novel compounds through our models, which can be conveniently applied in conjunction with drug design and virtual screenings. PMID:20427217

Prediction of passive blood-brain partitioning: straightforward and effective classification models based on in silico derived physicochemical descriptors.

PubMed

Vilar, Santiago; Chakrabarti, Mayukh; Costanzi, Stefano

2010-06-01

The distribution of compounds between blood and brain is a very important consideration for new candidate drug molecules. In this paper, we describe the derivation of two linear discriminant analysis (LDA) models for the prediction of passive blood-brain partitioning, expressed in terms of logBB values. The models are based on computationally derived physicochemical descriptors, namely the octanol/water partition coefficient (logP), the topological polar surface area (TPSA) and the total number of acidic and basic atoms, and were obtained using a homogeneous training set of 307 compounds, for all of which the published experimental logBB data had been determined in vivo. In particular, since molecules with logBB>0.3 cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) readily while molecules with logBB<-1 are poorly distributed to the brain, on the basis of these thresholds we derived two distinct models, both of which show a percentage of good classification of about 80%. Notably, the predictive power of our models was confirmed by the analysis of a large external dataset of compounds with reported activity on the central nervous system (CNS) or lack thereof. The calculation of straightforward physicochemical descriptors is the only requirement for the prediction of the logBB of novel compounds through our models, which can be conveniently applied in conjunction with drug design and virtual screenings. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Comparison of Survival Models for Analyzing Prognostic Factors in Gastric Cancer Patients

PubMed

Habibi, Danial; Rafiei, Mohammad; Chehrei, Ali; Shayan, Zahra; Tafaqodi, Soheil

2018-03-27

Objective: There are a number of models for determining risk factors for survival of patients with gastric cancer. This study was conducted to select the model showing the best fit with available data. Methods: Cox regression and parametric models (Exponential, Weibull, Gompertz, Log normal, Log logistic and Generalized Gamma) were utilized in unadjusted and adjusted forms to detect factors influencing mortality of patients. Comparisons were made with Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) by using STATA 13 and R 3.1.3 softwares. Results: The results of this study indicated that all parametric models outperform the Cox regression model. The Log normal, Log logistic and Generalized Gamma provided the best performance in terms of AIC values (179.2, 179.4 and 181.1, respectively). On unadjusted analysis, the results of the Cox regression and parametric models indicated stage, grade, largest diameter of metastatic nest, largest diameter of LM, number of involved lymph nodes and the largest ratio of metastatic nests to lymph nodes, to be variables influencing the survival of patients with gastric cancer. On adjusted analysis, according to the best model (log normal), grade was found as the significant variable. Conclusion: The results suggested that all parametric models outperform the Cox model. The log normal model provides the best fit and is a good substitute for Cox regression. Creative Commons Attribution License

Log Normal Distribution of Cellular Uptake of Radioactivity: Statistical Analysis of Alpha Particle Track Autoradiography

PubMed Central

Neti, Prasad V.S.V.; Howell, Roger W.

2008-01-01

Recently, the distribution of radioactivity among a population of cells labeled with 210Po was shown to be well described by a log normal distribution function (J Nucl Med 47, 6 (2006) 1049-1058) with the aid of an autoradiographic approach. To ascertain the influence of Poisson statistics on the interpretation of the autoradiographic data, the present work reports on a detailed statistical analyses of these data. Methods The measured distributions of alpha particle tracks per cell were subjected to statistical tests with Poisson (P), log normal (LN), and Poisson – log normal (P – LN) models. Results The LN distribution function best describes the distribution of radioactivity among cell populations exposed to 0.52 and 3.8 kBq/mL 210Po-citrate. When cells were exposed to 67 kBq/mL, the P – LN distribution function gave a better fit, however, the underlying activity distribution remained log normal. Conclusions The present analysis generally provides further support for the use of LN distributions to describe the cellular uptake of radioactivity. Care should be exercised when analyzing autoradiographic data on activity distributions to ensure that Poisson processes do not distort the underlying LN distribution. PMID:16741316

Age-standardized Incidence Rates for Leukemia Associated with Consanguineous Marriages in 68 Countries, an Ecological Study

PubMed Central

Saadat, Mostafa

2015-01-01

Consanguineous marriage that defines as a union between biologically related persons has a variety of known deleterious correlations with factors that affect public health within human populations. To investigate the association between the mean of inbreeding coefficient (α) and incidence of leukemia, the present ecological study on 68 countries was carried out. Statistical analysis showed that the age-standardized incidence rate of leukemia positively correlated with log10GNI per capita (r=0.699, df=66, P<0.001) and negatively correlated with log10α (r=−0.609, df=66, P<0.001). Controlling log10GNI per capita, a significant negative correlation between log10α and the age-standardized incidence rate of leukemia was observed (r=−0.392, df=65, P=0.001). The countries were stratified according to their annual GNI per capita, low and high-income countries with GNI per capita less than and more than 10,000$, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that in high-income countries, after controlling for log10GNI per capita, the correlation between the age-standardized incidence rate of leukemia and log10α was still significant (r=−0.600, df=36, P<0.001). It should be noted that there was no significant association between the age-standardized mortality rate due to leukemia and log10α (P>0.05). The present finding indicates that the rate of leukemia, age-standardized for incidence, is lower in countries with a high prevalence of consanguineous marriages. PMID:25960855

Estimation of norovirus infection risks to consumers of wastewater-irrigated food crops eaten raw.

PubMed

Mara, Duncan; Sleigh, Andrew

2010-03-01

A quantitative microbial risk analysis-Monte Carlo method was used to estimate norovirus infection risks to consumers of wastewater-irrigated lettuce. Using the same assumptions as used in the 2006 WHO guidelines for the safe use of wastewater in agriculture, a norovirus reduction of 6 log units was required to achieve a norovirus infection risk of approximately 10(-3) per person per year (pppy), but for a lower consumption of lettuce (40-48 g per week vs. 350 g per week) the required reduction was 5 log units. If the tolerable additional disease burden is increased from a DALY (disability-adjusted life year) loss of 10(-6) pppy (the value used in the WHO guidelines) to 10(-5) pppy, the required pathogen reduction is one order of magnitude lower. Reductions of 4-6 log units can be achieved by very simple partial treatment (principally settling to achieve a 1-log unit reduction) supplemented by very reliable post-treatment health-protection control measures such as pathogen die-off (1-2 log units), produce washing in cold water (1 log unit) and produce disinfection (3 log units).

Amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein but not cystatin C predict cardiovascular events in male patients with peripheral artery disease independently of ambulatory pulse pressure.

PubMed

Skoglund, Per H; Arpegård, Johannes; Ostergren, Jan; Svensson, Per

2014-03-01

Patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) are at high risk for cardiovascular (CV) events. We have previously shown that ambulatory pulse pressure (APP) predicts CV events in PAD patients. The biomarkers amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and cystatin C are related to a worse outcome in patients with CV disease, but their predictive values have not been studied in relation to APP. Blood samples and 24-hour measurements of ambulatory blood pressure were examined in 98 men referred for PAD evaluation during 1998-2001. Patients were followed for a median of 71 months. The outcome variable was CV events defined as either CV mortality or any hospitalization for myocardial infarction, stroke, or coronary revascularization. The predictive values of log(NT-proBNP), log(hs-CRP), and log(cystatin C) alone and together with APP were assessed by multivariable Cox regression. Area under the curve (AUC) and net reclassification improvement (NRI) were calculated compared with a model containing other significant risk factors. During follow-up, 36 patients had at least 1 CV event. APP, log(NT-proBNP), and log(hs-CRP) all predicted CV events in univariable analysis, whereas log(cystatin C) did not. In multivariable analysis log(NT-proBNP) (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.62; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.05-2.51) and log(hs-CRP) (HR = 1.63; 95% CI = 1.19-2.24) predicted events independently of 24-hour PP. The combination of log(NT-proBNP), log(hs-CRP), and average day PP improved risk discrimination (AUC = 0.833 vs. 0.736; P < 0.05) and NRI (37%; P < 0.01) when added to other significant risk factors. NT-proBNP and hs-CRP predict CV events independently of APP and the combination of hs-CRP, NT-proBNP, and day PP improves risk discrimination in PAD patients.

3-D visualisation of palaeoseismic trench stratigraphy and trench logging using terrestrial remote sensing and GPR - combining techniques towards an objective multiparametric interpretation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schneiderwind, S.; Mason, J.; Wiatr, T.; Papanikolaou, I.; Reicherter, K.

2015-09-01

Two normal faults on the Island of Crete and mainland Greece were studied to create and test an innovative workflow to make palaeoseismic trench logging more objective, and visualise the sedimentary architecture within the trench wall in 3-D. This is achieved by combining classical palaeoseismic trenching techniques with multispectral approaches. A conventional trench log was firstly compared to results of iso cluster analysis of a true colour photomosaic representing the spectrum of visible light. Passive data collection disadvantages (e.g. illumination) were addressed by complementing the dataset with active near-infrared backscatter signal image from t-LiDAR measurements. The multispectral analysis shows that distinct layers can be identified and it compares well with the conventional trench log. According to this, a distinction of adjacent stratigraphic units was enabled by their particular multispectral composition signature. Based on the trench log, a 3-D-interpretation of GPR data collected on the vertical trench wall was then possible. This is highly beneficial for measuring representative layer thicknesses, displacements and geometries at depth within the trench wall. Thus, misinterpretation due to cutting effects is minimised. Sedimentary feature geometries related to earthquake magnitude can be used to improve the accuracy of seismic hazard assessments. Therefore, this manuscript combines multiparametric approaches and shows: (i) how a 3-D visualisation of palaeoseismic trench stratigraphy and logging can be accomplished by combining t-LiDAR and GRP techniques, and (ii) how a multispectral digital analysis can offer additional advantages and a higher objectivity in the interpretation of palaeoseismic and stratigraphic information. The multispectral datasets are stored allowing unbiased input for future (re-)investigations.

Lessons Learned From the Analysis of the SAFOD Downhole Instrument Package.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Johnson, Wade; Mencin, David; Mattioli, Glen

2013-04-01

In September of 2008 a downhole instrument package (DIP) consisting of a string of seismometers and tilt meters in isolated pressure vessels (PODs) was installed in the SAFOD main borehole. This package was designed to protect the sensors from the corrosive borehole environment and to operate for two years. The SAFOD borehole is not sealed at the bottom allowing borehole gasses and fluids infiltratration. Previous short-term installations of instruments in the SAFOD main borehole had also failed as a result of corrosion of the wireline cable head. The average failure time for these installations was two weeks. The use of stainless steel tubing connected to the pressure vessels through gas tight fittings was designed to block borehole fluid and gas infiltration of the individual instruments within the PODs. Unfortunately, the DIP completely failed within a month of its installation. In October of 2010, the DIP was removed from the borehole and a failure analysis was performed. This analysis involved to following steps: 1. Analysis of data to understand timeline of failure 2. Remove instrument safely, maintaining integrity of spliced section and documenting any external clues. Test instrument at surface 3. Open PODs in a way that allows for sampling and avoids damaging instruments. 4. Chemical analysis of fluids recovered from splices and PODs. 5. Instrument failure analysis by the instrument manufacturers. The analysis found that there were several design flaws in the DIP. This included the use of motor oil to take up air space in the individual PODs, use of a large number of gas tight seals, lack of internal seals, poorly done solder joints, use of non-temperature rated sensors, and lack of management oversight. The lessons learned from the attempts to instrument the SAFOD borehole are critical to the success of future deep borehole projects.

A Multi-temporal Analysis of Logging Impacts on Tropical Forest Structure Using Airborne Lidar Data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Keller, M. M.; Pinagé, E. R.; Duffy, P.; Longo, M.; dos-Santos, M. N.; Leitold, V.; Morton, D. C.

2017-12-01

The long-term impacts of selective logging on carbon cycling and ecosystem function in tropical-forests are still uncertain. Despite improvements in selective logging detection using satellite data, quantifying changes in forest structure from logging and recovery following logging is difficult using orbital data. We analyzed the dynamics of forest structure comparing logged and unlogged forests in the Eastern Brazilian Amazon (Paragominas Municipality, Pará State) using small footprint discrete return airborne lidar data acquired in 2012 and 2014. Logging operations were conducted at the 1200 ha study site from 2006 through 2013 using reduced impact logging techniques—management practices that minimize canopy and ground damage compared to more common conventional logging. Nevertheless, logging still reduced aboveground biomass by 10% to 20% in logged areas compared to intact forests. We aggregated lidar point-cloud data at spatial scales ranging from 50 m to 250 m and developed a binomial classification model based on the height distribution of lidar returns in 2012 and validated the model against the 2014 lidar acquisition. We accurately classified intact and logged forest classes compared with field data. Classification performance improved as spatial resolution increased (AUC = 0.974 at 250 m). We analyzed the differences in canopy gaps, understory damage (based on a relative density model), and biomass (estimated from total canopy height) of intact and logged classes. As expected, logging greatly increased both canopy gap formation and understory damage. However, while the area identified as canopy gap persisted for at least 8 years (from the oldest logging treatments in 2006 to the most recent lidar acquisition in 2014), the effects of ground damage were mostly erased by vigorous understory regrowth after about 5 years. The rate of new gap formation was 6 to 7 times greater in recently logged forests compared to undisturbed forests. New gaps opened at a rate of 1.8 times greater than background even 8 years following logging demonstrating the occurrence of delayed tree mortality. Our study showed that even low-intensity anthropogenic disturbances can cause persistent changes in tropical forest structure and dynamics.

76 FR 42130 - Agency Information Collection Activities: BioWatch Filter Holder Log

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-18

... DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY Agency Information Collection Activities: BioWatch Filter Holder...) assigned responsibility for installing and removing filters from aerosol collection devices and transportation to local laboratories for sample analysis. A standard filter log form is completed for each sample...

76 FR 24504 - Agency Information Collection Activities: BioWatch Filter Holder Log

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-02

... DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY Agency Information Collection Activities: BioWatch Filter Holder...) assigned responsibility for installing and removing filters from aerosol collection devices and transportation to local laboratories for sample analysis. A standard filter log form is completed for each sample...

Atmospheric concentrations, sources and gas-particle partitioning of PAHs in Beijing after the 29th Olympic Games.

PubMed

Ma, Wan-Li; Sun, De-Zhi; Shen, Wei-Guo; Yang, Meng; Qi, Hong; Liu, Li-Yan; Shen, Ji-Min; Li, Yi-Fan

2011-07-01

A comprehensive sampling campaign was carried out to study atmospheric concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Beijing and to evaluate the effectiveness of source control strategies in reducing PAHs pollution after the 29th Olympic Games. The sub-cooled liquid vapor pressure (logP(L)(o))-based model and octanol-air partition coefficient (K(oa))-based model were applied based on each seasonal dateset. Regression analysis among log K(P), logP(L)(o) and log K(oa) exhibited high significant correlations for four seasons. Source factors were identified by principle component analysis and contributions were further estimated by multiple linear regression. Pyrogenic sources and coke oven emission were identified as major sources for both the non-heating and heating seasons. As compared with literatures, the mean PAH concentrations before and after the 29th Olympic Games were reduced by more than 60%, indicating that the source control measures were effective for reducing PAHs pollution in Beijing. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

IODP Exp 362T: Additional Coring and Remediation in Hole U1473A - Continuing the Journey to the Moho

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Blum, P.; Dick, H. J.; MacLeod, C. J.; Expedition 360 Scientists, I.

2016-12-01

IODP Hole U1473A, located at 32°42.362'S, 057°16.688'E in the central part of the Atlantis Bank, SW Indian Ridge, at 710.2 m water depth, was drilled to a depth of 789.7 m below seafloor during Exp. 360 (11/30/15 - 1/30/16) and recovered 469.2 m of gabbroic rocks. Following successful wireline logging, a mechanical bit release retainer sleeve (MBR-RS) appeared to have been lost in the hole, raising question about the feasibility of deepening the hole in the future.. We are here reporting the successful remediation operation carried out 12 - 21 Jul, which left the hole ready for deepening on a future expedition. Hole U1473A is serendipitously located on the scheduled Transit 362T from Cape Town to Colombo (4 Jul - 6 Aug) and had 14 days of redundant time and a nearly full technical contingent on board. This led to a request and approval to use the time to "fish" for the MBR-RS, cement the hole to stabilize fault zones, and recover up to 20 m of core to establish the feasibility for future deep drilling. An initial attempt at taking a temperature log in the hole was terminated at 277 m due an obstruction. Subsequent reaming successfully reached the bottom of the hole and removed all cuttings. To our surprise, deployment of the fishing tool recovered an 18-cm dia., 36-cm long rock core but no MBR-RS. The latter must have fallen to the seafloor unnoticed at the end of Exp. 360. Given the immaculate hole conditions, we went on to recover four additional cores with excellent recovery (86%), deepening the hole to 809.4 m. The new cores from 789.7 to 809.5 m consist mostly of medium to coarse-grained subophitic olivine gabbro with a weak magmatic fabric and irregular contacts between medium and coarse-grained size domains. From 795 - 797 m, a zone of Fe-Ti oxide gabbro results in high magnetic susceptibility (MS) and significant natural gamma radiation (NGR) with sheared contacts and an associated porphyroclastic interval. The interval below 797 m is more isotropic with low MS and no NGR. At 803 m a 40-cm thick Fe-Ti oxide-rich mylonitic band is underlain by a porphyroclastic interval indicating that zones of crystal plastic deformation continue to the bottom of the hole. Two of the fault zones located with Exp. 360 data above 580 m were cemented, leaving a plug from 584-443 m and the hole ready and in good condition to continue the journey to the Moho.

Potential sulfate reduction in deeply buried coalbeds 2 km below the seafloor off the Shimokita Peninsula (Japan)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Glombitza, C.; Inagaki, F.; Lever, M. A.; Jørgensen, B. B.

2013-12-01

Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 337 aboard the drilling vessel Chikyu in summer 2012 was the first IODP expedition to drill into a deeply buried hydrocarbon system by riser drilling and, in the process, extended the depth record of scientific ocean drilling to 2466 meters below seafloor (mbsf). A main scientific goal of Expedition 337 was to explore microbial communities associated with deeply buried coalbeds 2 km below the seafloor at Site C0020 off the Shimokita Peninsula of Japan, northwestern coast of the Pacific Ocean. Four lithological units were defined according to sedimentological observations (Inagaki et al. 2012). Temperature measurements during wireline logging revealed in-situ temperatures in the range habitable for life, with ~40-45°C in 2km-deep coalbeds and 60°C at the bottom of the hole. To determine potential sulfate reduction rates (pSRRs) throughout the lower half of the borehole (1200-2466 mbsf; Units II - IV), we prepared slurries from fresh core material in artificial seawater medium containing 1 mM of sulfate and incubated these onboard with 35S-labeled sulfate at approximate in-situ temperatures (i.e., 25, 35, and 45°C). A duplicate set of incubations was started from each sample, one with only N2 in the headspace, and one with N2 + CH4 in the headspace. We incubated samples with 3.7 MBq 35S for a period of 10 days to achieve a detection limit of ca. 10 fmol sulfate cm-3 d-1. pSRRs were close to the detection limit in Unit II and increased by two orders of magnitude up to 2 pmol cm-3 d-1 in the coal-bearing strata (Unit III), decreasing again below in Unit IV. Maximum rates in Unit III reached values similar to those determined during the Chikyu shakedown cruise at 350 mbsf at the same site in 2006. In contrast to the pSRRs determined previously, however, addition of methane did not stimulate pSRRs, suggesting that potential sulfate reduction was supported by electron donors other than methane. The increase of pSRR in the coal-bearing unit is in accordance with other indicators of increased microbial activity in this depth interval, such as high C1/C2 ratios with low 13C/12C isotope ratios of methane observed by real-time mud gas logging during riser drilling. Inagaki, F., K.-U. Hinrichs, Y. Kubo, and the Expedition 337 Scientists (2012), Deep coalbed biosphere off Shimokita: microbial processes and hydrocarbon system associated with deeply buried coalbed in the ocean, IODP Prel. Rept., 337, doi: 10.2204/iodp.pr.337.2012

Task Order 22 – Engineering and Technical Support, Deep Borehole Field Test. AREVA Summary Review Report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Denton, Mark A.

Under Task Order 22 of the industry Advisory and Assistance Services (A&AS) Contract to the Department of Energy (DOE) DE-NE0000291, AREVA has been tasked with providing assistance with engineering, analysis, cost estimating, and design support of a system for disposal of radioactive wastes in deep boreholes (without the use of radioactive waste). As part of this task order, AREVA was requested, through a letter of technical direction, to evaluate Sandia National Laboratory’s (SNL’s) waste package borehole emplacement system concept recommendation using input from DOE and SNL. This summary review report (SRR) documents this evaluation, with its focus on the primarymore » input document titled: “Deep Borehole Field Test Specifications/M2FT-15SN0817091” Rev. 1 [1], hereafter referred to as the “M2 report.” The M2 report focuses on the conceptual design development for the Deep Borehole Field Test (DBFT), mainly the test waste packages (WPs) and the system for demonstrating emplacement and retrieval of those packages in the Field Test Borehole (FTB). This SRR follows the same outline as the M2 report, which allows for easy correlation between AREVA’s review comments, discussion, potential proposed alternatives, and path forward with information established in the M2 report. AREVA’s assessment focused on three primary elements of the M2 report: the conceptual design of the WPs proposed for deep borehole disposal (DBD), the mode of emplacement of the WP into DBD, and the conceptual design of the DBFT. AREVA concurs with the M2 report’s selection of the wireline emplacement mode specifically over the drill-string emplacement mode and generically over alternative emplacement modes. Table 5-1 of this SRR compares the pros and cons of each emplacement mode considered viable for DBD. The primary positive characteristics of the wireline emplacement mode include: (1) considered a mature technology; (2) operations are relatively simple; (3) probability of a radiological release due to off-normal events are relatively low; (4) costs are relatively low; and (5) maintenance activities are relatively simple. The primary drawback associated with the wireline emplacement mode for DBD is the number of emplacement trips-in to the borehole, which results in a relatively higher probability for a drop event. Fortunately, the WPs can be engineered with impact limiters that will minimize the likelihood of a breach of the WP due to a drop. The WP designs presented in the M2 report appear to be focused on compatibility with the drill-string emplacement mode (e.g., the threaded connections). With the recommendation that the wireline emplacement mode be utilized for the DBFT, some changes may be warranted to these WPs. For example, the development of a WP release connection that is more reliable than the currently credited connection, which is considered to have a high failure probability, and the integration of an impact limiter into its design. The M2 report states the engineering demonstration of the DBFT will occur in the FTB over a 4-year period. AREVA recommends development and testing of the WP emplacement handling equipment occur separately (but concurrently, if not earlier) from the FTB at a mock-up facility. The separation of this activity would prevent schedule interference between the science and engineering thrusts of the project. Performing tests in a mock-up facility would allow additional control and observation compared to the FTB. The mock-up facility could also be utilized as a training facility for future operations. Terminal velocity and impact limiter testing would require the FTB for testing, since these areas would be difficult to reproduce in a limited depth mock-up. Although only at the end of the conceptual stage of design development, DBD appears to be a viable solution for some waste forms produced by the nuclear industry. However, regulatory requirements have yet to be established for pre- and post-closure performance of DBD and should be established as soon as possible. Some of the main areas of focus from a regulatory perspective include: (1) establishing acceptable performance requirements for the long-term behavior of DBD; (2) determining acceptable borehole abandonment criteria; (3) establishing retrievability requirements; (4) developing a consensus on the factor of safety (FoS) for the emplacement mode and WP; and (5) establishing safety and safeguards performance requirements for DBD. Although conservative requirements have been utilized to provide the foundation for the conceptual design of DBD, regulatory requirements and feedback are necessary to confirm recommendations made herein and to ensure the long-term performance of DBD is acceptable. The combination of the M2 report and this SRR is intended to facilitate the completion of the conceptual design for DBD for the Cs and Sr capsules and calcined waste forms. Using the conceptual design, preliminary design activities (the second stage of a three-stage process described in the M2 report) can proceed and the DBFT utilized to support, demonstrate, and confirm engineering elements of this design.« less

Data for four geologic test holes in the Sacramento Valley, California

USGS Publications Warehouse

Berkstresser, C.F.; French, J.J.; Schaal, M.E.

1985-01-01

The report provides geological and geophysical data for four of seven test holes drilled as a part of the Central Valley Aquifer Project, which is part of the Regional Aquifer Systems Analysis. The holes were drilled with a rotary well drilling machine to depths of 900 feet in the southwestern part of the Sacramento Valley in Solano and Yolo Counties. Geologic data for each well include lithology, texture, color, character of the contact, sorting, rounding, and cementation, determined from cuttings, cores, and sidewall covers. Fifty cores, 3 feet long, were obtained from each hole, and from eight to fourteen sidewall cores were collected. Geophysical data include a dual-induction log, spherically focused log (SFL), compensated neutron-formation density log, gamma-ray log, and a caliper log. These data are presented in four tables and on four plates. (USGS)

Assessment of the Technical Training Received by Source Selection Participants in Air Force Systems Command.

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-09-01

60 48.4 Systems 200/400 15 12.1 Contract Administration (PPM 152) 13 10.5 Logistics Management (Log 224) 2 1.6 Government Contract Law (PPM 302) 20...detail. 1. Systems 200/400 2. Contract Administration (PPM 152) 3. Logistics Management (LOG 224) 4. Government Contract Law (PPM 302) 5. Technical...152 Contract Administration o Log 224 Logistics Management o PPM 302 Government Contract Law o QMT 345 Quantitative Technical, Cost, and Price Analysis

Drilling and geophysical logs of the tophole at an oil-and-gas well site, Central Venango County, Pennsylvania

USGS Publications Warehouse

Williams, John H.; Bird, Philip H.; Conger, Randall W.; Anderson, J. Alton

2014-01-01

Collection and integrated analysis of drilling and geophysical logs provided an efficient and effective means for characterizing the geohydrologic framework and conditions penetrated by the tophole at the selected oil-and-gas well site. The logging methods and lessons learned at this well site could be applied at other oil-and-gas drilling sites to better characterize the shallow subsurface with the overall goal of protecting freshwater aquifers during hydrocarbon development.

A Fast Chromatographic Method for Estimating Lipophilicity and Ionization in Nonpolar Membrane-Like Environment.

PubMed

Caron, Giulia; Vallaro, Maura; Ermondi, Giuseppe; Goetz, Gilles H; Abramov, Yuriy A; Philippe, Laurence; Shalaeva, Marina

2016-03-07

This study describes the design and implementation of a new chromatographic descriptor called log k'80 PLRP-S that provides information about the lipophilicity of drug molecules in the nonpolar environment, both in their neutral and ionized form. The log k'80 PLRP-S obtained on a polymeric column with acetonitrile/water mobile phase is shown to closely relate to log Ptoluene (toluene dielectric constant ε ∼ 2). The main intermolecular interactions governing log k'80 PLRP-S were deconvoluted using the Block Relevance (BR) analysis. The information provided by this descriptor was compared to ElogD and calclog Ptol, and the differences are highlighted. The "charge-flush" concept is introduced to describe the sensitivity of log k'80 PLRP-S to the ionization state of compounds in the pH range 2 to 12. The ability of log k'80 PLRP-S to indicate the propensity of neutral molecules and monoanions to form Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonds (IMHBs) is proven through a number of examples.

Evidence for a gene influencing the TG/HDL-C ratio on chromosome 7q32.3-qter: a genome-wide scan in the Framingham study.

PubMed

Shearman, A M; Ordovas, J M; Cupples, L A; Schaefer, E J; Harmon, M D; Shao, Y; Keen, J D; DeStefano, A L; Joost, O; Wilson, P W; Housman, D E; Myers, R H

2000-05-22

Some studies show that plasma triglyceride (TG) levels are a significant independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). TG levels are inversely correlated with high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, and their metabolism may be closely interrelated. Therefore, the TG/HDL-C ratio may be a relevant CVD risk factor. Our analysis of families in the Framingham Heart Study gave a genetic heritability estimate for log(TG) of 0.40 and for log(TG/HDL-C) of 0.49, demonstrating an important genetic component for both. A 10 cM genome-wide scan for log(TG) level and log(TG/HDL-C) was carried out for the largest 332 extended families of the Framingham Heart Study (1702 genotyped individuals). The highest multipoint variance component LOD scores obtained for both log(TG) and log(TG/HDL-C) were on chromosome 7 (at 155 cM), where the results for the two phenotypes were 1.8 and 2.5, respectively. The 7q32.3-qter region contains several candidate genes. Four other regions with multipoint LOD scores greater than one were identified on chromosome 3 [LOD score for log(TG/HDL-C) = 1.8 at 140 cM], chromosome 11 [LOD score for log(TG/HDL-C) = 1.1 at 125 cM], chromosome 16 [LOD score for log(TG) = 1.5 at 70 cM, LOD score for log(TG/HDL-C) = 1.1 at 75 cM] and chromosome 20 [LOD score for log(TG/HDL-C) = 1.7 at 35 cM, LOD score for log(TG) = 1.3 at 40 cM]. These results identify loci worthy of further study.

Operator product expansion in Liouville field theory and Seiberg-type transitions in log-correlated random energy models

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cao, Xiangyu; Le Doussal, Pierre; Rosso, Alberto; Santachiara, Raoul

2018-04-01

We study transitions in log-correlated random energy models (logREMs) that are related to the violation of a Seiberg bound in Liouville field theory (LFT): the binding transition and the termination point transition (a.k.a., pre-freezing). By means of LFT-logREM mapping, replica symmetry breaking and traveling-wave equation techniques, we unify both transitions in a two-parameter diagram, which describes the free-energy large deviations of logREMs with a deterministic background log potential, or equivalently, the joint moments of the free energy and Gibbs measure in logREMs without background potential. Under the LFT-logREM mapping, the transitions correspond to the competition of discrete and continuous terms in a four-point correlation function. Our results provide a statistical interpretation of a peculiar nonlocality of the operator product expansion in LFT. The results are rederived by a traveling-wave equation calculation, which shows that the features of LFT responsible for the transitions are reproduced in a simple model of diffusion with absorption. We examine also the problem by a replica symmetry breaking analysis. It complements the previous methods and reveals a rich large deviation structure of the free energy of logREMs with a deterministic background log potential. Many results are verified in the integrable circular logREM, by a replica-Coulomb gas integral approach. The related problem of common length (overlap) distribution is also considered. We provide a traveling-wave equation derivation of the LFT predictions announced in a precedent work.

Managing the stands of the future based on the lessons of the past: estimating Western timber species product recovery by using historical data.

Treesearch

James A. Stevens; R. James Barbour

2000-01-01

Researchers at the Pacific Northwest Research Station have completed over 100 forest product recovery studies over the past 40 years. Tree, log, and product data from these studies have been entered into a database, which will allow further analysis within, between, and across studies. Opportunities for analysis include stand-to-log-to-final product estimates of volume...

User Evaluation of the NASA Technical Report Server Recommendation Service

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nelson, Michael L.; Bollen, Johan; Calhoun, JoAnne R.; Mackey, Calvin E.

2004-01-01

We present the user evaluation of two recommendation server methodologies implemented for the NASA Technical Report Server (NTRS). One methodology for generating recommendations uses log analysis to identify co-retrieval events on full-text documents. For comparison, we used the Vector Space Model (VSM) as the second methodology. We calculated cosine similarities and used the top 10 most similar documents (based on metadata) as recommendations . We then ran an experiment with NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) staff members to gather their feedback on which method produced the most quality recommendations. We found that in most cases VSM outperformed log analysis of co-retrievals. However, analyzing the data revealed the evaluations may have been structurally biased in favor of the VSM generated recommendations. We explore some possible methods for combining log analysis and VSM generated recommendations and suggest areas of future work.

User Evaluation of the NASA Technical Report Server Recommendation Service

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nelson, Michael L.; Bollen, Johan; Calhoun, JoAnne R.; Mackey, Calvin E.

2004-01-01

We present the user evaluation of two recommendation server methodologies implemented for the NASA Technical Report Server (NTRS). One methodology for generating recommendations uses log analysis to identify co-retrieval events on full-text documents. For comparison, we used the Vector Space Model (VSM) as the second methodology. We calculated cosine similarities and used the top 10 most similar documents (based on metadata) as 'recommendations'. We then ran an experiment with NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) staff members to gather their feedback on which method produced the most 'quality' recommendations. We found that in most cases VSM outperformed log analysis of co-retrievals. However, analyzing the data revealed the evaluations may have been structurally biased in favor of the VSM generated recommendations. We explore some possible methods for combining log analysis and VSM generated recommendations and suggest areas of future work.

Integrated analysis of well logs and seismic data to estimate gas hydrate concentrations at Keathley Canyon, Gulf of Mexico

USGS Publications Warehouse

Lee, M.W.; Collett, T.S.

2008-01-01

Accurately detecting and quantifying gas hydrate or free gas in sediments from seismic data require downhole well-log data to calibrate the physical properties of the gas hydrate-/free gas-bearing sediments. As part of the Gulf of Mexico Joint Industry Program, a series of wells were either cored or drilled in the Gulf of Mexico to characterize the physical properties of gas hydrate-bearing sediments, to calibrate geophysical estimates, and to evaluate source and transport mechanisms for gas within the gas hydrates. Downhole acoustic logs were used sparingly in this study because of degraded log quality due to adverse wellbore conditions. However, reliable logging while drilling (LWD) electrical resistivity and porosity logs were obtained. To tie the well-log information to the available 3-D seismic data in this area, a velocity log was calculated from the available resistivity log at the Keathley Canyon 151-2 well, because the acoustic log or vertical seismic data acquired at the nearby Keathley Canyon 151-3 well were either of poor quality or had limited depth coverage. Based on the gas hydrate saturations estimated from the LWD resistivity log, the modified Biot-Gassmann theory was used to generate synthetic acoustic log and a synthetic seismogram was generated with a fairly good agreement with a seismic profile crossing the well site. Based on the well-log information, a faintly defined bottom-simulating reflection (BSR) in this area is interpreted as a reflection representing gas hydrate-bearing sediments with about 15% saturation overlying partially gas-saturated sediments with 3% saturation. Gas hydrate saturations over 30-40% are estimated from the resistivity log in two distinct intervals at 220-230 and 264-300 m below the sea floor, but gas hydrate was not physically recovered in cores. It is speculated that the poor recovery of cores and gas hydrate morphology are responsible for the lack of physical gas hydrate recovery.

Identifying training needs of logging truck drivers using a skill inventory.

PubMed

Carnahan, B J

2004-11-01

The purpose of this research was to determine if the Driver Skill Inventory (DSI) could be used to characterize the self-assessed driving performance of commercial logging truck drivers. The DSI requires respondents to subjectively evaluate their own ability in regard to 15 different driving skills. The DSI responses of 1000 logging truck drivers were collected across three southeastern states. The underlying hypothesis in the current study was that DSI responses of these drivers would have similar reliability and factor structure as those DSI responses collected from non-commercial drivers in previous studies. Factor analysis of the data confirmed this hypothesis. Statistical analysis revealed that low self-ratings on various safety skill items within the DSI inventory were associated with: (1) inconsistency in using seat belts, (2) inconsistency in performing pre-trip inspections on logging trucks, and (3) committing moving violations. Conversely, high self-ratings ratings on various perceptual-motor skill items were associated with these same at-risk behaviors. The perceptual-motor skill items were also positively associated with negative attitudes toward driving regulations and the number of moving violations incurred over a three-year period. Non-parametric statistical analysis revealed that self-assessments were lowest for DSI skills pertaining to controlling one's anger while driving and managing the truck through a skid or slide. Results of the study confirmed that the DSI can be successfully applied to commercial logging truck drivers as part of an overall comprehensive training needs assessment.

10 CFR 39.13 - Specific licenses for well logging.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... applicant will use to demonstrate the logging supervisor's knowledge and understanding of and ability to... and understanding of and ability to comply with the applicant's operating and emergency procedures. (c... performing the analysis; and (3) Pertinent experience of the person who will analyze the wipe samples. ...

Characterization of structures of the Nankai Trough accretionary prism from integrated analyses of LWD log response, resistivity images and clay mineralogy of cuttings: Expedition 338 Site C0002

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jurado, Maria Jose; Schleicher, Anja

2014-05-01

The objective of our research is a detailed characterization of structures on the basis of LWD oriented images and logs,and clay mineralogy of cuttings from Hole C0002F of the Nankai Trough accretionary prism. Our results show an integrated interpretation of structures derived from borehole images, petrophysical characterization on LWD logs and cuttings mineralogy. The geometry of the structure intersected at Hole C0002F has been characterized by the interpretation of oriented borehole resistivity images acquired during IODP Expedition 338. The characterization of structural features, faults and fracture zones is based on a detailed post-cruise interpretation of bedding and fractures on borehole images and also on the analysis of Logging While Drilling (LWD) log response (gamma radioactivity, resistivity and sonic logs). The interpretation and complete characterization of structures (fractures, fracture zones, fault zones, folds) was achieved after detailed shorebased reprocessing of resistivity images, which allowed to enhance bedding and fracture's imaging for geometry and orientation interpretation. In order to characterize distinctive petrophysical properties based on LWD log response, it could be compared with compositional changes derived from cuttings analyses. Cuttings analyses were used to calibrate and to characterize log response and to verify interpretations in terms of changes in composition and texture at fractures and fault zones defined on borehole images. Cuttings were taken routinely every 5 m during Expedition 338, indicating a clay-dominated lithology of silty claystone with interbeds of weakly consolidated, fine sandstones. The main mineralogical components are clay minerals, quartz, feldspar and calcite. Selected cuttings were taken from areas of interest as defined on LWD logs and images. The clay mineralogy was investigated on the <2 micron clay-size fraction, with special focus on smectite and illite minerals. Based on X-ray diffraction analysis measured at room temperature and a relative humidity of ~30%, we compared the shape and size of illite and smectite, as well as their water content and their polytypes. The comparison of cuttings mineralogy with logging while drilling (LWD) data allowed us to characterize structural, petrophysical and mineralogical properties at fracture and fault zones. We also analyzed the relationship between deformation structures and compositional and mineralogical changes. We established a correlation between observed results on clay mineralogy and log responses in relation with the structures and trends characterized on logging data. In general, the log data provide a good correlation with the actual mineralogy and the relative abundance of clay. In particular we analyzed trends characterized by smectite water layers as indication of compaction. These trends were correlated with log response (on sonic velocity) within Unit IV. Our results show the integration of logging data and cutting sample analyses as a valuable tool for characterization of petrophysical and mineralogical changes of the structures of the Nankai accretionary prism.

Impact of silica diagenesis on the porosity of fine-grained strata: An analysis of Cenozoic mudstones from the North Sea

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wrona, Thilo; Taylor, Kevin G.; Jackson, Christopher A.-L.; Huuse, Mads; Najorka, Jens; Pan, Indranil

2017-04-01

Silica diagenesis has the potential to drastically change the physical and fluid flow properties of its host strata and therefore plays a key role in the development of sedimentary basins. The specific processes involved in silica diagenesis are, however, still poorly explained by existing models. This knowledge gap is addressed by investigating the effect of silica diagenesis on the porosity of Cenozoic mudstones of the North Viking Graben, northern North Sea through a multiple linear regression analysis. First, we identify and quantify the mineralogy of these rocks by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, respectively. Mineral contents and host rock porosity data inferred from wireline data of two exploration wells are then analyzed by multiple linear regressions. This robust statistical analysis reveals that biogenic opal-A is a significant control and authigenic opal-CT is a minor influence on the porosity of these rocks. These results suggest that the initial porosity of siliceous mudstones increases with biogenic opal-A production during deposition and that the porosity reduction during opal-A/CT transformation results from opal-A dissolution. These findings advance our understanding of compaction, dewatering, and lithification of siliceous sediments and rocks. Moreover, this study provides a recipe for the derivation of the key controls (e.g., composition) on a rock property (e.g., porosity) that can be applied to a variety of problems in rock physics.

The NetLogger Toolkit V2.0

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gunter, Dan; Lee, Jason; Stoufer, Martin

2003-03-28

The NetLogger Toolkit is designed to monitor, under actual operating conditions, the behavior of all the elements of the application-to-application communication path in order to determine exactly where time is spent within a complex system Using NetLogger, distnbuted application components are modified to produce timestamped logs of "interesting" events at all the critical points of the distributed system Events from each component are correlated, which allov^ one to characterize the performance of all aspects of the system and network in detail. The NetLogger Toolkit itself consists of four components an API and library of functions to simplify the generation ofmore » application-level event logs, a set of tools for collecting and sorting log files, an event archive system, and a tool for visualization and analysis of the log files In order to instrument an application to produce event logs, the application developer inserts calls to the NetLogger API at all the critical points in the code, then links the application with the NetLogger library All the tools in the NetLogger Toolkit share a common log format, and assume the existence of accurate and synchronized system clocks NetLogger messages can be logged using an easy-to-read text based format based on the lETF-proposed ULM format, or a binary format that can still be used through the same API but that is several times faster and smaller, with performance comparable or better than binary message formats such as MPI, XDR, SDDF-Binary, and PBIO. The NetLogger binary format is both highly efficient and self-describing, thus optimized for the dynamic message construction and parsing of application instrumentation. NetLogger includes an "activation" API that allows NetLogger logging to be turned on, off, or modified by changing an external file This IS useful for activating logging in daemons/services (e g GndFTP server). The NetLogger reliability API provides the ability to specify backup logging locations and penodically try to reconnect broken TCP pipe. A typical use for this is to store data on local disk while net is down. An event archiver can log one or more incoming NetLogger streams to a local disk file (netlogd) or to a mySQL database (netarchd). We have found exploratory, visual analysis of the log event data to be the most useful means of determining the causes of performance anomalies The NetLogger Visualization tool, niv, has been developed to provide a flexible and interactive graphical representation of system-level and application-level events.« less

Ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus) drumming log and habitat use in Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming

USGS Publications Warehouse

Buhler, M.L.; Anderson, S.H.

2001-01-01

We described 15 Ruffed Grouse (Bonasa umbellus) drumming logs and adjacent habitat within Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming. Drumming logs and adjacent habitat differed from 30 random non-drumming sites. Drumming logs had fewer limbs (8; P = 0.003) and a smaller percentage of bark remaining (12%; P = 0.0001). These logs were in advanced stages of decay but were still firm to the touch. Additionally, drumming logs were found close to clearings but in areas with increased amounts of undergrowth and mature trees. Adjacent habitat analysis (0.04-ha circular plot centered on logs) indicated drumming locations had significantly greater average canopy height, more vegetative cover consisting of conifer and total canopy cover, and more vertical foliage between 0.3 m and 3.0 m in height. Adjacent habitat was in advanced stages of maturity as indicated by significant numbers of both large-diameter logs and large-diameter lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) and quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) snags. Tree species dominating the canopy and subcanopy were large-diameter Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii), lodgepole pine, and quaking aspen. Subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) and quaking aspen saplings were more numerous at used sites. Ruffed Grouse drummed in coniferous areas within close proximity of quaking aspen.

Short communication: bulk tank total bacterial count in dairy sheep: factors of variation and relationship with somatic cell count.

PubMed

Gonzalo, C; Carriedo, J A; Beneitez, E; Juárez, M T; De La Fuente, L F; San Primitivo, F

2006-02-01

A total of 9,353 records for bulk tank total bacterial count (TBC) were obtained over 1 yr from 315 dairy ewe flocks belonging to the Sheep Improvement Consortium (CPO) in Castilla-León (Spain). Analysis of variance showed significant effects of flock, breed, month within flock, dry therapy, milking type and installation, and logSCC on logTBC. Flock and month within flock were important variation factors as they accounted for 22.0 and 22.1% of the variance, respectively. Considerable repeatability values were obtained for both random factors. Hand milking and bucket-milking machines elicited highest logTBC (5.31), whereas parlor systems with looped milkline (5.01) elicited the lowest logTBC. The implementation of dry therapy practice (5.12) showed significantly lower logTBC than when not used (5.25). Variability in logTBC among breeds ranged from 5.24 (Awassi) to 5.07 (Churra). However, clinical outbreaks of contagious agalactia did not increase TBC significantly. A statistically significant relationship was found between logTBC and logSCC, the correlation coefficient between the variables being r = 0.23. Programs for improving milk hygiene should be implemented for both total bacterial count and somatic cell count variables at the same time.

Porosity and permeability evolution of vesicular basalt reservoirs with increasing depth: constraints from the Big Island of Hawai'i

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Millett, John; Haskins, Eric; Thomas, Donald; Jerram, Dougal; Planke, Sverre; Healy, Dave; Kück, Jochem; Rossetti, Lucas; Farrell, Natalie; Pierdominici, Simona

2017-04-01

Volcanic reservoirs are becoming increasingly important in the targeting of petroleum, geothermal and water resources globally. However, key areas of uncertainty in relation to volcanic reservoir properties during burial in different settings remain. In this contribution, we present results from borehole logging and sampling operations within two fully cored c. 1.5 km deep boreholes, PTA2 and KMA1, from the Humúula saddle region on the Big Island of Hawai'i. The boreholes were drilled as part of the Humu'ula Groundwater Research Project (HGRP) between 2013-2016 and provide unique insights into the evolution of pore structure with increasing burial in a basaltic dominated lava sequence. The boreholes encounter mixed sequences of 'a'ā, pāhoehoe and transitional lava flows along with subsidiary intrusions and sediments from the shield to post-shield phases of Mauna Kea. Borehole wireline data including sonic, spectral gamma and Televiewer imagery were collected along with density, porosity, permeability and ultrasonic velocity laboratory measurements from core samples. A range of intra-facies were sampled for analysis from various depths within the two boreholes. By comparison with core data, the potential for high resolution Televiewer imaging to reveal spectacular intra-facies features including individual vesicles, vesicle segregations, 'a'ā rubble zones, intrusive contacts, and intricate pāhoehoe lava flow lobe morphologies is demonstrated. High quality core data enables the calibration of Televiewer facies enabling improved interpretation of volcanic reservoir features in the more common exploration scenario where core is absent. Laboratory results record the ability of natural vesicular basalt samples to host very high porosity (>50%) and permeability (>10 darcies) within lava flow top facies which we demonstrate are associated with vesicle coalescence and not micro-fractures. These properties may be maintained to depths of c. 1.5 km in regions of limited alteration and secondary mineralization and, therefore, additional to fractures, may comprise important fluid pathways at depth. Alteration and porosity occlusion by secondary minerals is highly vertically compartmentalized and does not increase systematically with depth, implying a strong but heterogeneous lateral component in the migration and effects of hydrothermal fluids in these systems. The distribution and timing of dyke feeder zones coupled with the scale and spatial distribution of lava flows making up the lava pile form first order influences on the preservation potential of volcanic reservoir properties during burial. Our results demonstrate the complex relationship between the primary hydrogeology of lava flow fields and the resulting effects of hydrothermal fluid circulation on reservoir property evolution with burial.

Linking log files with dosimetric accuracy--A multi-institutional study on quality assurance of volumetric modulated arc therapy.

PubMed

Pasler, Marlies; Kaas, Jochem; Perik, Thijs; Geuze, Job; Dreindl, Ralf; Künzler, Thomas; Wittkamper, Frits; Georg, Dietmar

2015-12-01

To systematically evaluate machine specific quality assurance (QA) for volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) based on log files by applying a dynamic benchmark plan. A VMAT benchmark plan was created and tested on 18 Elekta linacs (13 MLCi or MLCi2, 5 Agility) at 4 different institutions. Linac log files were analyzed and a delivery robustness index was introduced. For dosimetric measurements an ionization chamber array was used. Relative dose deviations were assessed by mean gamma for each control point and compared to the log file evaluation. Fourteen linacs delivered the VMAT benchmark plan, while 4 linacs failed by consistently terminating the delivery. The mean leaf error (±1SD) was 0.3±0.2 mm for all linacs. Large MLC maximum errors up to 6.5 mm were observed at reversal positions. Delivery robustness index accounting for MLC position correction (0.8-1.0) correlated with delivery time (80-128 s) and depended on dose rate performance. Dosimetric evaluation indicated in general accurate plan reproducibility with γ(mean)(±1 SD)=0.4±0.2 for 1 mm/1%. However single control point analysis revealed larger deviations and attributed well to log file analysis. The designed benchmark plan helped identify linac related malfunctions in dynamic mode for VMAT. Log files serve as an important additional QA measure to understand and visualize dynamic linac parameters. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

10 CFR 39.13 - Specific licenses for well logging.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... training; (2) On-the-job training; (3) Annual safety reviews provided by the licensee; (4) Means the... annual inspections of the job performance of each logging supervisor to ensure that the Commission's... performing the analysis; and (3) Pertinent experience of the person who will analyze the wipe samples. ...

National Centers for Environmental Prediction

Science.gov Websites

Organization Search Enter text Search Navigation Bar End Cap Search EMC Go Branches Global Climate and Weather Modeling Mesoscale Modeling Marine Modeling and Analysis Teams Climate Data Assimilation Ensembles and Post Configuration Collaborators Documentation and Code FAQ Operational Change Log Parallel Experiment Change Log

National Centers for Environmental Prediction

Science.gov Websites

Organization Search Enter text Search Navigation Bar End Cap Search EMC Go Branches Global Climate and Weather Modeling Mesoscale Modeling Marine Modeling and Analysis Teams Climate Data Assimilation Ensembles and Post Collaborators Documentation and Code FAQ Operational Change Log Parallel Experiment Change Log Contacts

40 CFR 147.2104 - Requirements for all wells.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Section 147.2104 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS... analysis log; or (2) A caliper log. (b) The owner or operator of a new injection well cased with plastic... injection zone; and (3) Use cement: (i) Of sufficient quantity and quality to withstand the maximum...

40 CFR 147.2104 - Requirements for all wells.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Section 147.2104 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS... analysis log; or (2) A caliper log. (b) The owner or operator of a new injection well cased with plastic... injection zone; and (3) Use cement: (i) Of sufficient quantity and quality to withstand the maximum...

40 CFR 147.2104 - Requirements for all wells.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Section 147.2104 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS... analysis log; or (2) A caliper log. (b) The owner or operator of a new injection well cased with plastic... injection zone; and (3) Use cement: (i) Of sufficient quantity and quality to withstand the maximum...

10 CFR 39.13 - Specific licenses for well logging.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... applicant will use to demonstrate the logging supervisor's knowledge and understanding of and ability to... and understanding of and ability to comply with the applicant's operating and emergency procedures. (c... performing the analysis; and (3) Pertinent experience of the person who will analyze the wipe samples. [52 FR...

10 CFR 39.13 - Specific licenses for well logging.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... applicant will use to demonstrate the logging supervisor's knowledge and understanding of and ability to... and understanding of and ability to comply with the applicant's operating and emergency procedures. (c... performing the analysis; and (3) Pertinent experience of the person who will analyze the wipe samples. [52 FR...

10 CFR 39.13 - Specific licenses for well logging.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... applicant will use to demonstrate the logging supervisor's knowledge and understanding of and ability to... and understanding of and ability to comply with the applicant's operating and emergency procedures. (c... performing the analysis; and (3) Pertinent experience of the person who will analyze the wipe samples. [52 FR...

Analysis of the two-point velocity correlations in turbulent boundary layer flows

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Oberlack, M.

1995-01-01

The general objective of the present work is to explore the use of Rapid Distortion Theory (RDT) in analysis of the two-point statistics of the log-layer. RDT is applicable only to unsteady flows where the non-linear turbulence-turbulence interaction can be neglected in comparison to linear turbulence-mean interactions. Here we propose to use RDT to examine the structure of the large energy-containing scales and their interaction with the mean flow in the log-region. The contents of the work are twofold: First, two-point analysis methods will be used to derive the law-of-the-wall for the special case of zero mean pressure gradient. The basic assumptions needed are one-dimensionality in the mean flow and homogeneity of the fluctuations. It will be shown that a formal solution of the two-point correlation equation can be obtained as a power series in the von Karman constant, known to be on the order of 0.4. In the second part, a detailed analysis of the two-point correlation function in the log-layer will be given. The fundamental set of equations and a functional relation for the two-point correlation function will be derived. An asymptotic expansion procedure will be used in the log-layer to match Kolmogorov's universal range and the one-point correlations to the inviscid outer region valid for large correlation distances.

Meta-analysis of the Effects of Sanitizing Treatments on Salmonella, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Listeria monocytogenes Inactivation in Fresh Produce

PubMed Central

Prado-Silva, Leonardo; Cadavez, Vasco; Gonzales-Barron, Ursula; Rezende, Ana Carolina B.

2015-01-01

The aim of this study was to perform a meta-analysis of the effects of sanitizing treatments of fresh produce on Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Listeria monocytogenes. From 55 primary studies found to report on such effects, 40 were selected based on specific criteria, leading to more than 1,000 data on mean log reductions of these three bacterial pathogens impairing the safety of fresh produce. Data were partitioned to build three meta-analytical models that could allow the assessment of differences in mean log reductions among pathogens, fresh produce, and sanitizers. Moderating variables assessed in the meta-analytical models included type of fresh produce, type of sanitizer, concentration, and treatment time and temperature. Further, a proposal was done to classify the sanitizers according to bactericidal efficacy by means of a meta-analytical dendrogram. The results indicated that both time and temperature significantly affected the mean log reductions of the sanitizing treatment (P < 0.0001). In general, sanitizer treatments led to lower mean log reductions when applied to leafy greens (for example, 0.68 log reductions [0.00 to 1.37] achieved in lettuce) compared to other, nonleafy vegetables (for example, 3.04 mean log reductions [2.32 to 3.76] obtained for carrots). Among the pathogens, E. coli O157:H7 was more resistant to ozone (1.6 mean log reductions), while L. monocytogenes and Salmonella presented high resistance to organic acids, such as citric acid, acetic acid, and lactic acid (∼3.0 mean log reductions). With regard to the sanitizers, it has been found that slightly acidic electrolyzed water, acidified sodium chlorite, and the gaseous chlorine dioxide clustered together, indicating that they possessed the strongest bactericidal effect. The results reported seem to be an important achievement for advancing the global understanding of the effectiveness of sanitizers for microbial safety of fresh produce. PMID:26362982

SU-E-T-184: Clinical VMAT QA Practice Using LINAC Delivery Log Files

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Johnston, H; Jacobson, T; Gu, X

2015-06-15

Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy of volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) treatment delivery dose clouds by comparing linac log data to doses measured using an ionization chamber and film. Methods: A commercial IMRT quality assurance (QA) process utilizing a DICOM-RT framework was tested for clinical practice using 30 prostate and 30 head and neck VMAT plans. Delivered 3D VMAT dose distributions were independently checked using a PinPoint ionization chamber and radiographic film in a solid water phantom. DICOM RT coordinates were used to extract the corresponding point and planar doses from 3D log file dose distributions. Point doses were evaluatedmore » by computing the percent error between log file and chamber measured values. A planar dose evaluation was performed for each plan using a 2D gamma analysis with 3% global dose difference and 3 mm isodose point distance criteria. The same analysis was performed to compare treatment planning system (TPS) doses to measured values to establish a baseline assessment of agreement. Results: The mean percent error between log file and ionization chamber dose was 1.0%±2.1% for prostate VMAT plans and −0.2%±1.4% for head and neck plans. The corresponding TPS calculated and measured ionization chamber values agree within 1.7%±1.6%. The average 2D gamma passing rates for the log file comparison to film are 98.8%±1.0% and 96.2%±4.2% for the prostate and head and neck plans, respectively. The corresponding passing rates for the TPS comparison to film are 99.4%±0.5% and 93.9%±5.1%. Overall, the point dose and film data indicate that log file determined doses are in excellent agreement with measured values. Conclusion: Clinical VMAT QA practice using LINAC treatment log files is a fast and reliable method for patient-specific plan evaluation.« less

Monte Carlo based, patient-specific RapidArc QA using Linac log files.

PubMed

Teke, Tony; Bergman, Alanah M; Kwa, William; Gill, Bradford; Duzenli, Cheryl; Popescu, I Antoniu

2010-01-01

A Monte Carlo (MC) based QA process to validate the dynamic beam delivery accuracy for Varian RapidArc (Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA) using Linac delivery log files (DynaLog) is presented. Using DynaLog file analysis and MC simulations, the goal of this article is to (a) confirm that adequate sampling is used in the RapidArc optimization algorithm (177 static gantry angles) and (b) to assess the physical machine performance [gantry angle and monitor unit (MU) delivery accuracy]. Ten clinically acceptable RapidArc treatment plans were generated for various tumor sites and delivered to a water-equivalent cylindrical phantom on the treatment unit. Three Monte Carlo simulations were performed to calculate dose to the CT phantom image set: (a) One using a series of static gantry angles defined by 177 control points with treatment planning system (TPS) MLC control files (planning files), (b) one using continuous gantry rotation with TPS generated MLC control files, and (c) one using continuous gantry rotation with actual Linac delivery log files. Monte Carlo simulated dose distributions are compared to both ionization chamber point measurements and with RapidArc TPS calculated doses. The 3D dose distributions were compared using a 3D gamma-factor analysis, employing a 3%/3 mm distance-to-agreement criterion. The dose difference between MC simulations, TPS, and ionization chamber point measurements was less than 2.1%. For all plans, the MC calculated 3D dose distributions agreed well with the TPS calculated doses (gamma-factor values were less than 1 for more than 95% of the points considered). Machine performance QA was supplemented with an extensive DynaLog file analysis. A DynaLog file analysis showed that leaf position errors were less than 1 mm for 94% of the time and there were no leaf errors greater than 2.5 mm. The mean standard deviation in MU and gantry angle were 0.052 MU and 0.355 degrees, respectively, for the ten cases analyzed. The accuracy and flexibility of the Monte Carlo based RapidArc QA system were demonstrated. Good machine performance and accurate dose distribution delivery of RapidArc plans were observed. The sampling used in the TPS optimization algorithm was found to be adequate.

Completed Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition: a Robust Signal Processing Tool to Identify Sequence Strata

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Purba, H.; Musu, J. T.; Diria, S. A.; Permono, W.; Sadjati, O.; Sopandi, I.; Ruzi, F.

2018-03-01

Well logging data provide many geological information and its trends resemble nonlinear or non-stationary signals. As long well log data recorded, there will be external factors can interfere or influence its signal resolution. A sensitive signal analysis is required to improve the accuracy of logging interpretation which it becomes an important thing to determine sequence stratigraphy. Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (CEEMD) is one of nonlinear and non-stationary signal analysis method which decomposes complex signal into a series of intrinsic mode function (IMF). Gamma Ray and Spontaneous Potential well log parameters decomposed into IMF-1 up to IMF-10 and each of its combination and correlation makes physical meaning identification. It identifies the stratigraphy and cycle sequence and provides an effective signal treatment method for sequence interface. This method was applied to BRK- 30 and BRK-13 well logging data. The result shows that the combination of IMF-5, IMF-6, and IMF-7 pattern represent short-term and middle-term while IMF-9 and IMF-10 represent the long-term sedimentation which describe distal front and delta front facies, and inter-distributary mouth bar facies, respectively. Thus, CEEMD clearly can determine the different sedimentary layer interface and better identification of the cycle of stratigraphic base level.

Well log analysis to assist the interpretation of 3-D seismic data at Milne Point, north slope of Alaska

USGS Publications Warehouse

Lee, Myung W.

2005-01-01

In order to assess the resource potential of gas hydrate deposits in the North Slope of Alaska, 3-D seismic and well data at Milne Point were obtained from BP Exploration (Alaska), Inc. The well-log analysis has three primary purposes: (1) Estimate gas hydrate or gas saturations from the well logs; (2) predict P-wave velocity where there is no measured P-wave velocity in order to generate synthetic seismograms; and (3) edit P-wave velocities where degraded borehole conditions, such as washouts, affected the P-wave measurement significantly. Edited/predicted P-wave velocities were needed to map the gas-hydrate-bearing horizons in the complexly faulted upper part of 3-D seismic volume. The estimated gas-hydrate/gas saturations from the well logs were used to relate to seismic attributes in order to map regional distribution of gas hydrate inside the 3-D seismic grid. The P-wave velocities were predicted using the modified Biot-Gassmann theory, herein referred to as BGTL, with gas-hydrate saturations estimated from the resistivity logs, porosity, and clay volume content. The effect of gas on velocities was modeled using the classical Biot-Gassman theory (BGT) with parameters estimated from BGTL.

Potosi Reservoir Modeling; History and Recommendations

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Smith, Valerie; Leetaru, Hannes

2014-09-30

As a part of a larger project co-funded by the United States Department of Energy (US DOE) to evaluate the potential of formations within the Cambro-Ordovician strata above the Mt. Simon as potential targets for carbon sequestration in the Illinois and Michigan Basins, the Illinois Clean Coal Institute (ICCI) requested Schlumberger to evaluate the potential injectivity and carbon dioxide (CO₂) plume size of the Cambrian Potosi Formation. The evaluation of this formation was accomplished using wireline data, core data, pressure data, and seismic data from two projects: the US DOE-funded Illinois Basin–Decatur Project being conducted by the Midwest Geological Sequestrationmore » Consortium in Macon County, Illinois, as well as data from the Illinois – Industrial Carbon Capture and Sequestration (IL-ICCS) project funded through the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. In 2010, technical performance evaluations on the Cambrian Potosi Formation were performed through reservoir modeling. The data included formation tops from mud logs, well logs from the Verification Well 1 (VW1) and the Injection Well (CCS1), structural and stratigraphic formation from three dimensional (3D) seismic data, and field data from several waste water injection wells for the Potosi Formation. The intention was for two million tonnes per annum (MTPA) of CO₂ to be injected for 20 years into the Potosi Formation. In 2013, updated reservoir models for the Cambrian Potosi Formation were evaluated. The data included formation tops from mud logs, well logs from the CCS1, VW1, and Verification Well 2 (VW2) wells, structural and stratigraphic formation from a larger 3D seismic survey, and field data from several waste water injection wells for Potosi Formation. The objective is to simulate the injection of CO₂ at a rate 3.5 million tons per annum (3.2 million tonnes per annum [MTPA]) for 30 years 106 million tons (96 MT total) into the Potosi Formation. The Potosi geomodeling efforts have evolved from using data from a single well in 2010 to the inclusion of data from three wells in 2013 which largely leverage the porosity and permeability logs plus knowledge of lost circulation zones. The first Potosi model (Potosi Geobody Model 2010) attempted to use the available seismic inversion data to inform the geomodel and predict vugular zones in advance of drilling VW1. Lost circulation zones in VW1 came in as the geologists predicted. The model was not implemented in subsequent simulation work. To date, reservoir models used for flow simulation work have relied predominately on Gaussian distributed properties (porosity and permeability) and have employed a single injection well. Potosi Model 2013b incorporated the new VW2 logs, and exhibited an extra level of sophistication by delineating the vugular intervals. This method added further realism that likely represents the best reservoir approximation to date. Where the 2010 reservoir models were 10 by 10 mi (16 by 16 km) in area, the 2013 models were expanded in size to 30 by 30 mi (48 by 48 km). The latest reservoir simulations show that a minimum of four injectors might be required to meet target injection rates. Still, there is data that requires further scrutiny and modeling methodologies that require testing for the Potosi Formation. This work is currently ongoing, and the next phase of the reservoir modeling intends to implement valuable data like porosity derived from seismic inversion, seismically derived geobodies, or a combination of both to further define vugular zones and the porosity distribution within the Potosi Formation. Understanding the dual porosity, dual permeability character of the Potosi remains the greatest challenge in representing this formation. Further analysis of the FMI* fullbore formation microimager data may aid in assessing this uncertainty. The Potosi Formation is indeed an interesting formation, and recommendations to further characterize it are included in the following list: - Data acquisition to identify the vugs permeability, distribution, and interconnectivity could be considered to perform a more rigorous evaluation of the Potosi Formation injectivity and capacity. This could be achieved by performing an injection test on a vugular interval to determine the vugs permeability, and an interference test between wells to evaluate the local vugs extent and interconnectivity. - A thorough study of the available FMI data may reveal specifics on estimating the vug to matrix ratio. This estimate could be used to further condition the porosity distribution. Porosity logs alone might underestimate the formation’s porosity associated with vugs. Porosity mapping derived from the seismic inversion could also be used in the succeeding task to characterize the lateral porosity distribution within the reservoir. This could involve the geobody methodology previously attempted in 2010. With or without seismic inversion porosity mapping, it is worth exploring whether increased lateral heterogeneity plays a significant role in Potosi injectivity. Investigations on vugular, dolomitic outcrops suggest that there may be significantly greater lateral heterogeneity than what has been modeled here. - The FMI data also reveals the presence of and helps describe open fractures. The presence of fractures will further enhance the formation’s permeability. The task of leveraging this data in the geomodeling effort still remains. Under the best of circumstances, this data describing open fractures may be combined with seismic attributes to delineate fracture corridors. Fracture modeling would certainly add another layer of sophistication to the model. Its contribution and applicability remain to be explored. - Facies modeling within the Potosi has yet to be thoroughly addressed. The carbonates during the time of deposition are believed to be regionally extensive. However, it may be worth delineating the reservoir with other regional wells or modern day analogues to understand the extent of the Potosi. More specifically, the model could incorporate lateral changes or trends if deemed necessary to represent facies transition. - Currently there is no fracture gradient data available for the Potosi in the Decatur project area. The acquisition of the fracture pressure data could be considered to determine an appropriate maximum allowable bottomhole injection pressure. This would allow the evaluation of injectivity and the required number of wells in a more precise manner. - Special core analysis (SCAL) to determine the relative permeability and capillary pressure of the vugs and matrix could be considered to have a better estimation of the reservoir injectivity and plume extent. - Formation water sampling and analysis could be considered for the Potosi to estimate the water salinity and properties. A vertical flow performance evaluation could be considered for the succeeding task to determine the appropriate tubing size, the required injection tubing head pressure, and to investigate whether the corresponding well injection rate falls within the tubing erosional velocity limit. - A simulation using several injectors could also be considered to determine the required number of wells to achieve the injection target while taking into account the pressure interference.« less

Design and analysis of linear oscillatory single-phase permanent magnet generator for free-piston stirling engine systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kim, Jeong-Man; Choi, Jang-Young; Lee, Kyu-Seok; Lee, Sung-Ho

2017-05-01

This study focuses on the design and analysis of a linear oscillatory single-phase permanent magnet generator for free-piston stirling engine (FPSE) systems. In order to implement the design of linear oscillatory generator (LOG) for suitable FPSEs, we conducted electromagnetic analysis of LOGs with varying design parameters. Then, detent force analysis was conducted using assisted PM. Using the assisted PM gave us the advantage of using mechanical strength by detent force. To improve the efficiency, we conducted characteristic analysis of eddy-current loss with respect to the PM segment. Finally, the experimental result was analyzed to confirm the prediction of the FEA.

Productivity and quality improvements in health care through airboss mobile messaging services.

PubMed

Shah, P J; Martinez, R; Cooney, E

1997-01-01

The US health care industry is in the midst of revolutionary changes. Under tremendous pressures from third-party payers and managed care programs to control costs while providing high quality medical services, health care entities are now looking at information technologies to help them achieve their goals. These goals typically include improved productivity, efficiency and decision-making capabilities among staff members. Moreover, hospitals and other health care facilities that provide a broad and integrated range of inpatient and outpatient care, wellness and home care services are in the best position to offer comprehensive packages to managed care and private insurers. Many health care providers and administrators are considered mobile employees. This mobility can range from intra-building and intra-campus to multi-site and metropolitan areas. This group often relies on a variety of information technologies such as personal computers, communicating laptops, pagers, cellular phones, wireline phones, cordless phones and fax machines to stay in touch and handle information needs. These health care professionals require mobile information access and messaging tools to improve communications, control accessibility and enhance decision-making capabilities. AirBoss mobile messaging services could address the health care industry's need for improved messaging capabilities for its mobile employees. The AirBoss family of services supports integrated voice services, data messaging, mobile facsimile and customized information delivery. This paper describes overview of the current mobile data networking capability, the AirBoss architecture, the health care-related applications it addresses and long-term benefits. In addition, a prototype application for mobile home health care workers is illustrated. This prototype application provides integrated e-mail, information services, web access, real-time access and update of patient records from wireline or wireless networks, and cross media delivery and notification. It provides seamless wide area access to patient data in a secure environment, thus providing a continuity of care from the hospital to home.

Geological Carbon Sequestration Storage Resource Estimates for the Ordovician St. Peter Sandstone, Illinois and Michigan Basins, USA

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Barnes, David; Ellett, Kevin; Leetaru, Hannes

The Cambro-Ordovician strata of the Midwest of the United States is a primary target for potential geological storage of CO2 in deep saline formations. The objective of this project is to develop a comprehensive evaluation of the Cambro-Ordovician strata in the Illinois and Michigan Basins above the basal Mount Simon Sandstone since the Mount Simon is the subject of other investigations including a demonstration-scale injection at the Illinois Basin Decatur Project. The primary reservoir targets investigated in this study are the middle Ordovician St Peter Sandstone and the late Cambrian to early Ordovician Knox Group carbonates. The topic of thismore » report is a regional-scale evaluation of the geologic storage resource potential of the St Peter Sandstone in both the Illinois and Michigan Basins. Multiple deterministic-based approaches were used in conjunction with the probabilistic-based storage efficiency factors published in the DOE methodology to estimate the carbon storage resource of the formation. Extensive data sets of core analyses and wireline logs were compiled to develop the necessary inputs for volumetric calculations. Results demonstrate how the range in uncertainty of storage resource estimates varies as a function of data availability and quality, and the underlying assumptions used in the different approaches. In the simplest approach, storage resource estimates were calculated from mapping the gross thickness of the formation and applying a single estimate of the effective mean porosity of the formation. Results from this approach led to storage resource estimates ranging from 3.3 to 35.1 Gt in the Michigan Basin, and 1.0 to 11.0 Gt in the Illinois Basin at the P10 and P90 probability level, respectively. The second approach involved consideration of the diagenetic history of the formation throughout the two basins and used depth-dependent functions of porosity to derive a more realistic spatially variable model of porosity rather than applying a single estimate of porosity throughout the entire potential reservoir domains. The second approach resulted in storage resource estimates of 3.0 to 31.6 Gt in the Michigan Basin, and 0.6 to 6.1 Gt in the Illinois Basin. The third approach attempted to account for the local-scale variability in reservoir quality as a function of both porosity and permeability by using core and log analyses to calculate explicitly the net effective porosity at multiple well locations, and interpolate those results throughout the two basins. This approach resulted in storage resource estimates of 10.7 to 34.7 Gt in the Michigan Basin, and 11.2 to 36.4 Gt in the Illinois Basin. A final approach used advanced reservoir characterization as the most sophisticated means to estimating storage resource by defining reservoir properties for multiple facies within the St Peter formation. This approach was limited to the Michigan Basin since the Illinois Basin data set did not have the requisite level of data quality and sampling density to support such an analysis. Results from this approach led to storage resource estimates of 15.4 Gt to 50.1 Gt for the Michigan Basin. The observed variability in results from the four different approaches is evaluated in the context of data and methodological constraints, leading to the conclusion that the storage resource estimates from the first two approaches may be conservative, whereas the net porosity based approaches may over-estimate the resource.« less

Global and Local Approaches Describing Critical Phenomena on the Developing and Developed Financial Markets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Grech, Dariusz

We define and confront global and local methods to analyze the financial crash-like events on the financial markets from the critical phenomena point of view. These methods are based respectively on the analysis of log-periodicity and on the local fractal properties of financial time series in the vicinity of phase transitions (crashes). The log-periodicity analysis is made in a daily time horizon, for the whole history (1991-2008) of Warsaw Stock Exchange Index (WIG) connected with the largest developing financial market in Europe. We find that crash-like events on the Polish financial market are described better by the log-divergent price model decorated with log-periodic behavior than by the power-law-divergent price model usually discussed in log-periodic scenarios for developed markets. Predictions coming from log-periodicity scenario are verified for all main crashes that took place in WIG history. It is argued that crash predictions within log-periodicity model strongly depend on the amount of data taken to make a fit and therefore are likely to contain huge inaccuracies. Next, this global analysis is confronted with the local fractal description. To do so, we provide calculation of the so-called local (time dependent) Hurst exponent H loc for the WIG time series and for main US stock market indices like DJIA and S&P 500. We point out dependence between the behavior of the local fractal properties of financial time series and the crashes appearance on the financial markets. We conclude that local fractal method seems to work better than the global approach - both for developing and developed markets. The very recent situation on the market, particularly related to the Fed intervention in September 2007 and the situation immediately afterwards is also analyzed within fractal approach. It is shown in this context how the financial market evolves through different phases of fractional Brownian motion. Finally, the current situation on American market is analyzed in fractal language. This is to show how far we still are from the end of recession and from the beginning of a new boom on US financial market or on other world leading stocks.

Hydraulic head applications of flow logs in the study of heterogeneous aquifers

USGS Publications Warehouse

Paillet, Frederick L.

2001-01-01

Permeability profiles derived from high-resolution flow logs in heterogeneous aquifers provide a limited sample of the most permeable beds or fractures determining the hydraulic properties of those aquifers. This paper demonstrates that flow logs can also be used to infer the large-scale properties of aquifers surrounding boreholes. The analysis is based on the interpretation of the hydraulic head values estimated from the flow log analysis. Pairs of quasi-steady flow profiles obtained under ambient conditions and while either pumping or injecting are used to estimate the hydraulic head in each water-producing zone. Although the analysis yields localized estimates of transmissivity for a few water-producing zones, the hydraulic head estimates apply to the farfield aquifers to which these zones are connected. The hydraulic head data are combined with information from other sources to identify the large-scale structure of heterogeneous aquifers. More complicated cross-borehole flow experiments are used to characterize the pattern of connection between large-scale aquifer units inferred from the hydraulic head estimates. The interpretation of hydraulic heads in situ under steady and transient conditions is illustrated by several case studies, including an example with heterogeneous permeable beds in an unconsolidated aquifer, and four examples with heterogeneous distributions of bedding planes and/or fractures in bedrock aquifers.

Borehole prototype for seismic high-resolution exploration

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Giese, Rüdiger; Jaksch, Katrin; Krauß, Felix; Krüger, Kay; Groh, Marco; Jurczyk, Andreas

2014-05-01

Target reservoirs for the exploitation of hydrocarbons or hot water for geothermal energy supply can comprise small layered structures, for instance thin layers or faults. The resolution of 2D and 3D surface seismic methods is often not sufficient to determine and locate these structures. Borehole seismic methods like vertical seismic profiling (VSP) and seismic while drilling (SWD) use either receivers or sources within the borehole. Thus, the distance to the target horizon is reduced and higher resolution images of the geological structures can be achieved. Even these methods are limited in their resolution capabilities with increasing target depth. To localize structures more accuracy methods with higher resolution in the range of meters are necessary. The project SPWD -- Seismic Prediction While Drilling aims at s the development of a borehole prototype which combines seismic sources and receivers in one device to improve the seismic resolution. Within SPWD such a prototype has been designed, manufactured and tested. The SPWD-wireline prototype is divided into three main parts. The upper section comprises the electronic unit. The middle section includes the upper receiver, the upper clamping unit as well as the source unit and the lower clamping unit. The lower section consists of the lower receiver unit and the hydraulic unit. The total length of the prototype is nearly seven meters and its weight is about 750 kg. For focusing the seismic waves in predefined directions of the borehole axis the method of phased array is used. The source unit is equipped with four magnetostrictive vibrators. Each can be controlled independently to get a common wave front in the desired direction of exploration. Source signal frequencies up to 5000 Hz are used, which allows resolutions up to one meter. In May and September 2013 field tests with the SPWD-wireline prototype have been carried out at the KTB Deep Crustal Lab in Windischeschenbach (Bavaria). The aim was to proof the pressure-tightness and the functionality of the hydraulic system components of the borehole device. To monitor the prototype four cameras and several moisture sensors were installed along the source and receiver units close to the extendable coupling stamps where an infiltration of fluid is most probably. The tests lasted about 48 hours each. It was possible to extend and to retract the coupling stamps of the prototype up to a depth of 2100 m. No infiltration of borehole fluids in the SPWD-tool was observed. In preparation of the acoustic calibration measurements in the research and education mine of the TU Bergakademie Freiberg seismic sources and receivers as well as the recording electronic devices were installed in the SPWD-wireline prototype at the GFZ. Afterwards, the SPWD-borehole device was transported to the GFZ-Underground-Lab and preliminary test measurements to characterize the radiation pattern characteristics have been carried out in the newly drilled vertical borehole in December 2013. Previous measurements with a laboratory borehole prototype have demonstrated a dependency of the radiated seismic energy from the predefined amplification direction, the wave type and the signal frequencies. SPWD is funded by the German Federal Environment Ministry

A New Essential Functions Installed DWH in Hospital Information System: Process Mining Techniques and Natural Language Processing.

PubMed

Honda, Masayuki; Matsumoto, Takehiro

2017-01-01

Several kinds of event log data produced in daily clinical activities have yet to be used for secure and efficient improvement of hospital activities. Data Warehouse systems in Hospital Information Systems used for the analysis of structured data such as disease, lab-tests, and medications, have also shown efficient outcomes. This article is focused on two kinds of essential functions: process mining using log data and non-structured data analysis via Natural Language Processing.

Petrophysical rock properties of the Bazhenov Formation of the South-Eastern part of Kaymysovsky Vault (Tomsk Region)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gorshkov, A. M.; Kudryashova, L. K.; Lee-Van-Khe, O. S.

2016-09-01

The article presents the results of studying petrophysical rock properties of the Bazhenov Formation of the South-Eastern part of Kaymysovsky Vault with the Gas Research Institute (GRI) method. The authors have constructed dependence charts for bulk and grain density, open porosity and matrix permeability vs. depth. The results of studying petrophysical properties with the GRI method and core description have allowed dividing the entire section into three intervals each of which characterized by different conditions of Bazhenov Formation rock formation. The authors have determined a correlation between the compensated neutron log and the rock density vs. depth chart on the basis of complex well logging and petrophysical section analysis. They have determined a promising interval for producing hydrocarbons from the Bazhenov Formation in the well under study. Besides, they have determined the typical behavior of compensated neutron logs and SP logs on well logs for this interval. These studies will allow re-interpreting available well logs in order to determine the most promising interval to be involved in Bazhenov Formation development in Tomsk Region.

Analyzing Response Times in Tests with Rank Correlation Approaches

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ranger, Jochen; Kuhn, Jorg-Tobias

2013-01-01

It is common practice to log-transform response times before analyzing them with standard factor analytical methods. However, sometimes the log-transformation is not capable of linearizing the relation between the response times and the latent traits. Therefore, a more general approach to response time analysis is proposed in the current…

Automated Analysis of CT Images for the Inspection of Hardwood Logs

Treesearch

Harbin Li; A. Lynn Abbott; Daniel L. Schmoldt

1996-01-01

This paper investigates several classifiers for labeling internal features of hardwood logs using computed tomography (CT) images. A primary motivation is to locate and classify internal defects so that an optimal cutting strategy can be chosen. Previous work has relied on combinations of low-level processing, image segmentation, autoregressive texture modeling, and...

National Centers for Environmental Prediction

Science.gov Websites

Modeling Mesoscale Modeling Marine Modeling and Analysis Teams Climate Data Assimilation Ensembles and Post missed NDAS cycles since 1 Apr 1995 Log of NAM model code changes Log of NAM model test runs Problems and Prediction (NCWCP) 5830 University Research Court College Park, MD 20740 Page Author: EMC Webmaster Page