26 CFR 1.141-6 - Allocation and accounting rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

.... Thus, allocations generally may be made using any reasonable, consistently applied accounting method... of proceeds to property. [Reserved] (c) Special rules for mixed use facilities. [Reserved] (d...

77 FR 59793 - Prioritization and Allocation Authority Exercised by the Secretary of Transportation Under the...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-01

...This final rule clarifies the priorities and allocation authorities exercised by the Secretary of Transportation (Secretary) under title I of the Defense Production Act of 1950 (Defense Production Act), and establishes the administrative procedures by which the Secretary will exercise this authority. In addition, in this final rule the Department is seeking comments on certain revised definitions found in section 33.20. This rule complies with the requirement in the Defense Production Act Reauthorization of 2009 (Pub. L. 111-67) to issue final rules establishing standards and procedures by which the priorities and allocations authority is used to promote the national defense, under both emergency and nonemergency conditions, and is part of a multi-agency effort that forms the Federal Priorities and Allocations System.

40 CFR Appendix B to Part 97 - Final Section 126 Rule: Non-EGU Allocations, 2004-2007

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Lawrence SOUTH POINT ETHANOL 0744000009 B007 107 OH Lucas SUN REFINING & MARKETING CO, TOLEDO REF 0448010246 B044 47 OH Lucas SUN REFINING & MARKETING CO, TOLEDO REF 0448010246 B046 34 OH Lucas SUN REFINING... SHENANGO IRON & COKE WORKS 0050 006 18 PA Allegheny SHENANGO IRON & COKE WORKS 0050 009 15 PA Delaware SUN...

40 CFR Appendix B to Part 97 - Final Section 126 Rule: Non-EGU Allocations, 2004-2007

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Lawrence SOUTH POINT ETHANOL 0744000009 B007 107 OH Lucas SUN REFINING & MARKETING CO, TOLEDO REF 0448010246 B044 47 OH Lucas SUN REFINING & MARKETING CO, TOLEDO REF 0448010246 B046 34 OH Lucas SUN REFINING... SHENANGO IRON & COKE WORKS 0050 006 18 PA Allegheny SHENANGO IRON & COKE WORKS 0050 009 15 PA Delaware SUN...

40 CFR Appendix B to Part 97 - Final Section 126 Rule: Non-EGU Allocations, 2004-2007

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Lawrence SOUTH POINT ETHANOL 0744000009 B007 107 OH Lucas SUN REFINING & MARKETING CO, TOLEDO REF 0448010246 B044 47 OH Lucas SUN REFINING & MARKETING CO, TOLEDO REF 0448010246 B046 34 OH Lucas SUN REFINING... SHENANGO IRON & COKE WORKS 0050 006 18 PA Allegheny SHENANGO IRON & COKE WORKS 0050 009 15 PA Delaware SUN...

40 CFR Appendix B to Part 97 - Final Section 126 Rule: Non-EGU Allocations, 2004-2007

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Lawrence SOUTH POINT ETHANOL 0744000009 B007 107 OH Lucas SUN REFINING & MARKETING CO, TOLEDO REF 0448010246 B044 47 OH Lucas SUN REFINING & MARKETING CO, TOLEDO REF 0448010246 B046 34 OH Lucas SUN REFINING... SHENANGO IRON & COKE WORKS 0050 006 18 PA Allegheny SHENANGO IRON & COKE WORKS 0050 009 15 PA Delaware SUN...

A decision-analytic approach to the optimal allocation of resources for endangered species consultation

USGS Publications Warehouse

Converse, Sarah J.; Shelley, Kevin J.; Morey, Steve; Chan, Jeffrey; LaTier, Andrea; Scafidi, Carolyn; Crouse, Deborah T.; Runge, Michael C.

2011-01-01

The resources available to support conservation work, whether time or money, are limited. Decision makers need methods to help them identify the optimal allocation of limited resources to meet conservation goals, and decision analysis is uniquely suited to assist with the development of such methods. In recent years, a number of case studies have been described that examine optimal conservation decisions under fiscal constraints; here we develop methods to look at other types of constraints, including limited staff and regulatory deadlines. In the US, Section Seven consultation, an important component of protection under the federal Endangered Species Act, requires that federal agencies overseeing projects consult with federal biologists to avoid jeopardizing species. A benefit of consultation is negotiation of project modifications that lessen impacts on species, so staff time allocated to consultation supports conservation. However, some offices have experienced declining staff, potentially reducing the efficacy of consultation. This is true of the US Fish and Wildlife Service's Washington Fish and Wildlife Office (WFWO) and its consultation work on federally-threatened bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus). To improve effectiveness, WFWO managers needed a tool to help allocate this work to maximize conservation benefits. We used a decision-analytic approach to score projects based on the value of staff time investment, and then identified an optimal decision rule for how scored projects would be allocated across bins, where projects in different bins received different time investments. We found that, given current staff, the optimal decision rule placed 80% of informal consultations (those where expected effects are beneficial, insignificant, or discountable) in a short bin where they would be completed without negotiating changes. The remaining 20% would be placed in a long bin, warranting an investment of seven days, including time for negotiation. For formal consultations (those where expected effects are significant), 82% of projects would be placed in a long bin, with an average time investment of 15. days. The WFWO is using this decision-support tool to help allocate staff time. Because workload allocation decisions are iterative, we describe a monitoring plan designed to increase the tool's efficacy over time. This work has general application beyond Section Seven consultation, in that it provides a framework for efficient investment of staff time in conservation when such time is limited and when regulatory deadlines prevent an unconstrained approach. ?? 2010.

26 CFR 1.1254-5 - Special rules for partnerships and their partners.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... K, and that all other items of income, gain, or loss will be allocated equally between the two... income under section 1254(a). The remaining $5,000 of gain allocated to K and $55,000 of gain allocated... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Special Rules for Determining Capital Gains and Losses § 1...

47 CFR 74.5 - Cross reference to rules in other parts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Regulations: (a) Part 1, “Practice and procedure”. (1) Subpart A, “General Rules of Practice and Procedure... Allocations and Radio Treaty Matters, General Rules and Regulations”, including subparts A, “Terminology”; B, “Allocation, Assignments and Use of Radio Frequencies”; C, “Emissions”; D, “Call Signs and Other Forms of...

47 CFR 74.5 - Cross reference to rules in other parts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Regulations: (a) Part 1, “Practice and procedure”. (1) Subpart A, “General Rules of Practice and Procedure... Allocations and Radio Treaty Matters, General Rules and Regulations”, including subparts A, “Terminology”; B, “Allocation, Assignments and Use of Radio Frequencies”; C, “Emissions”; D, “Call Signs and Other Forms of...

47 CFR 74.5 - Cross reference to rules in other parts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Regulations: (a) Part 1, “Practice and procedure”. (1) Subpart A, “General Rules of Practice and Procedure... Allocations and Radio Treaty Matters, General Rules and Regulations”, including subparts A, “Terminology”; B, “Allocation, Assignments and Use of Radio Frequencies”; C, “Emissions”; D, “Call Signs and Other Forms of...

26 CFR 1.911-6 - Disallowance of deductions, exclusions, and credits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... related to a class of gross income are personal and family medical expenses, qualified retirement... place of work is in a foreign country, deductible moving expenses will be allocable to foreign earned... received or accrued. This rule applies for all individuals, regardless of their method of accounting. (iii...

75 FR 76758 - Program for Allocation of Regulatory Responsibilities Pursuant to Rule 17d-2; Order Approving and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-09

... SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION [Release No. 34-63430; File No. 4-618] Program for Allocation of Regulatory Responsibilities Pursuant to Rule 17d-2; Order Approving and Declaring Effective a Plan for the Allocation of Regulatory Responsibilities Between BATS Exchange, Inc., BATS Y-Exchange, Inc., Chicago Board Options Exchange, Inc., Chicago...

Assessment of Impact of Consent Decree Annual Tonnage Limits on Transport Rule Allocations

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This Technical Support Document (TSD) provides information that supports EPA’s analysis of the impact of emission constraints specified in existing federally-enforceable judicial consent decrees on allowance allocations under the Transport Rule.

Evaluation for the Allocation of University Research Project Funding: Can Rules Improve the Peer Review?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reale, Emanuela; Zinilli, Antonio

2017-01-01

Evaluation for the allocation of project-funding schemes devoted to sustain academic research often undergoes changes of the rules for the ex-ante selection, which are supposed to improve the capability of peer review to select the best proposals. How modifications of the rules realize a more accountable evaluation result? Do the changes suggest…

76 FR 76464 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE Arca, Inc.; Notice of Filing of Proposed Rule Change Relating...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-07

... Global Allocation ETF; SPDR SSgA Global Allocation ETF; and SPDR SSgA Aggressive Global Allocation ETF... Global Allocation ETF; SPDR SSgA Global Allocation ETF; and SPDR SSgA Aggressive Global Allocation ETF... Allocation ETF; SPDR SSgA Global Allocation ETF; and SPDR SSgA Aggressive Global Allocation ETF (each, a...

Availability of Data on Allocations of Cross-State Air Pollution Rule Allowances From New Unit Set-Asides for the 2015 Compliance Year

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) provides notice of the availability of preliminary calculations of emission allowance allocations to certain units under the Cross-State Air Pollution Rule (CSAPR).

Increasing organ donation via changes in the default choice or allocation rule

PubMed Central

Li, Danyang; Hawley, Zackary; Schnier, Kurt

2013-01-01

This research utilizes a laboratory experiment to evaluate the effectiveness of alternative public policies targeted at increasing the rate of deceased donor organ donation. The experiment includes treatments across different default choices and organ allocation rules inspired by the donor registration systems applied in different countries. Our results indicate that the opt-out with priority rule system generates the largest increase in organ donation relative to an opt-in only program. However, sizeable gains are achievable using either a priority rule or opt-out program separately, with the opt-out rule generating approximately 80% of the benefits achieved under a priority rule program. PMID:24135615

76 FR 29083 - Agriculture Priorities and Allocations System

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-19

... Vol. 76 Thursday, No. 97 May 19, 2011 Part III Department of Agriculture Farm Service Agency 7 CFR Part 789 Agriculture Priorities and Allocations System; Proposed Rule #0;#0;Federal Register / Vol. 76 , No. 97 / Thursday, May 19, 2011 / Proposed Rules#0;#0; [[Page 29084

14 CFR 93.130 - Suspension of allocations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Suspension of allocations. 93.130 Section 93.130 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES High Density Traffic Airports § 93...

14 CFR 93.130 - Suspension of allocations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Suspension of allocations. 93.130 Section 93.130 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES High Density Traffic Airports § 93...

14 CFR 93.130 - Suspension of allocations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Suspension of allocations. 93.130 Section 93.130 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES High Density Traffic Airports § 93...

14 CFR 93.130 - Suspension of allocations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Suspension of allocations. 93.130 Section 93.130 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES High Density Traffic Airports § 93...

14 CFR 93.130 - Suspension of allocations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Suspension of allocations. 93.130 Section 93.130 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES High Density Traffic Airports § 93...

75 FR 32122 - Revisions to Defense Priorities and Allocations System Regulations

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-07

...This proposed rule would reorganize and clarify existing standards and procedures by which the Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) may require that certain contracts or orders that promote the national defense be given priority over other contracts or orders. This rule also sets new standards and procedures by which BIS may allocate materials, services and facilities to promote the national defense. BIS is publishing this rule to comply with a requirement of the Defense Production Act Reauthorization of 2009 to publish regulations providing standards and procedures for prioritization of contracts and orders and for allocation of materials, services and facilities to promote the national defense.

26 CFR 1.904(g)-3T - Ordering rules for the allocation of net operating losses, net capital losses, U.S. source losses...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

...(g)-3T Section 1.904(g)-3T Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY....904(g)-3T Ordering rules for the allocation of net operating losses, net capital losses, U.S. source... domestic losses. The rules must be applied in the order set forth in paragraphs (b) through (g) of this...

26 CFR 1.904(g)-3T - Ordering rules for the allocation of net operating losses, net capital losses, U.S. source losses...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

...(g)-3T Section 1.904(g)-3T Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY....904(g)-3T Ordering rules for the allocation of net operating losses, net capital losses, U.S. source... domestic losses. The rules must be applied in the order set forth in paragraphs (b) through (g) of this...

78 FR 51559 - Commercial Operations in the 1695-1710 MHz, 1755-1780 MHz, and 2155-2180 MHz Bands

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-20

... 2020-2025 MHz band for uplink/ mobile operations. Both of these bands are currently allocated for non... Federal/non-Federal spectrum sharing. NTIA anticipates receiving final reports from CSMAC working groups... the scope of this NPRM, i.e., spectrum for which we seek comment regarding service rules for non...

15 CFR 700.4 - Priorities and allocations in a national emergency.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

..., including domestic emergency preparedness requirements, of approved programs. (b) The special rules... national emergency. 700.4 Section 700.4 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and... allocations in a national emergency. (a) In the event of a national emergency, special rules may be...

26 CFR 1.514(e)-1 - Allocation rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 7 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true Allocation rules. 1.514(e)-1 Section 1.514(e)-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Taxation of Business Income of Certain Exempt Organizations § 1.514(e)-1...

78 FR 56603 - Allocation of Assets in Single-Employer Plans; Benefits Payable in Terminated Single-Employer...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-13

... PENSION BENEFIT GUARANTY CORPORATION 29 CFR Parts 4022 and 4044 Allocation of Assets in Single... Paying Benefits AGENCY: Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This final rule amends the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation's regulations on Benefits Payable in Terminated...

76 FR 34847 - Allocation of Assets in Single-Employer Plans; Benefits Payable in Terminated Single-Employer...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-15

... PENSION BENEFIT GUARANTY CORPORATION 29 CFR Parts 4022 and 4044 Allocation of Assets in Single... Paying Benefits AGENCY: Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This final rule amends the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation's regulations on Benefits Payable in Terminated...

26 CFR 1.148-0 - Scope and table of contents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... method. (b) Allocation of gross proceeds to an issue. (1) One-issue rule and general ordering rules. (2... for which the bonds were issued. To accomplish these purposes, section 148 restricts the direct and... substance. (4) Reasonable charge. (5) Guarantee of purpose investments. (6) Allocation of qualified...

26 CFR 1.514(e)-1 - Allocation rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 7 2011-04-01 2009-04-01 true Allocation rules. 1.514(e)-1 Section 1.514(e)-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Taxation of Business Income of Certain Exempt Organizations § 1.514(e)-1...

47 CFR 64.901 - Allocation of costs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... cost categories) for which a direct assignment or allocation is available. (iii) When neither direct... 47 Telecommunication 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Allocation of costs. 64.901 Section 64.901... RULES RELATING TO COMMON CARRIERS Allocation of Costs § 64.901 Allocation of costs. (a) Carriers...

47 CFR 64.903 - Cost allocation manuals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Cost allocation manuals. 64.903 Section 64.903... RULES RELATING TO COMMON CARRIERS Allocation of Costs § 64.903 Cost allocation manuals. (a) Each incumbent local exchange carrier having annual revenues from regulated telecommunications operations that...

26 CFR 1.148-6 - General allocation and accounting rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... organization, the governing body of the 501(c)(3) organization designates and consistently operates the fund as... allocation methods include, without limitation, methods that allocate these items in proportion to either— (A...

26 CFR 1.148-6 - General allocation and accounting rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... organization, the governing body of the 501(c)(3) organization designates and consistently operates the fund as... allocation methods include, without limitation, methods that allocate these items in proportion to either— (A...

26 CFR 1.148-6 - General allocation and accounting rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... organization, the governing body of the 501(c)(3) organization designates and consistently operates the fund as... allocation methods include, without limitation, methods that allocate these items in proportion to either— (A...

26 CFR 1.148-6 - General allocation and accounting rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... organization, the governing body of the 501(c)(3) organization designates and consistently operates the fund as... allocation methods include, without limitation, methods that allocate these items in proportion to either— (A...

26 CFR 1.148-6 - General allocation and accounting rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... organization, the governing body of the 501(c)(3) organization designates and consistently operates the fund as... allocation methods include, without limitation, methods that allocate these items in proportion to either— (A...

50 CFR Table 2b to Part 660... - 2012, and beyond, Allocations by Species or Species Group (final 2012 allocations for assessed...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... or Species Group (final 2012 allocations for assessed flatfish are contingent upon potential changes to flatfish status determination criteria and the harvest control rule, and, for overfished species... Part 660, Subpart C—2012, and beyond, Allocations by Species or Species Group (final 2012 allocations...

26 CFR 1.42-14 - Allocation rules for post-2000 State housing credit ceiling amount.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... credit ceiling amount. 1.42-14 Section 1.42-14 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY INCOME TAX INCOME TAXES Credits Against Tax § 1.42-14 Allocation rules for post-2000..., Estimates of the Population of States. For convenience, the Internal Revenue Service publishes the...

78 FR 52587 - Program for Allocation of Regulatory Responsibilities Pursuant to Rule 17d-2; Order Approving and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-23

... SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION [Release No. 34-70228; File No. 4-663] Program for Allocation of Regulatory Responsibilities Pursuant to Rule 17d-2; Order Approving and Declaring Effective a Plan..., Inc. and the Topaz Exchange, LLC August 19, 2013. On July 2, 2013, the Financial Industry Regulatory...

76 FR 23637 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE Amex LLC; Order Approving a Proposed Rule Change Amending...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-27

... Equities To Modify the Application of the Exchange's Designated Market Maker Allocation Policy in the Event... Maker (``DMM'') allocation policy in the event of a merger involving one or more listed companies. The... Equities Rule 103B provides that when two NYSE Amex listed companies merge, the post- merger listed company...

Motivation and Competence as Determinants of Young Children's Reward Allocation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nelson, Sharon A.; Dweck, Carol S.

1977-01-01

This study examined the effects of allocation instructions and self-interest on preschool children's use of the rule of equity in situations involving reward allocation. Results showed that when the demand for equity was explicit and self-interest was removed, all children used equity in allocating rewards. (Author/JMB)

Sharing the cost of river basin adaptation portfolios to climate change: Insights from social justice and cooperative game theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Girard, Corentin; Rinaudo, Jean-Daniel; Pulido-Velazquez, Manuel

2016-10-01

The adaptation of water resource systems to the potential impacts of climate change requires mixed portfolios of supply and demand adaptation measures. The issue is not only to select efficient, robust, and flexible adaptation portfolios but also to find equitable strategies of cost allocation among the stakeholders. Our work addresses such cost allocation problems by applying two different theoretical approaches: social justice and cooperative game theory in a real case study. First of all, a cost-effective portfolio of adaptation measures at the basin scale is selected using a least-cost optimization model. Cost allocation solutions are then defined based on economic rationality concepts from cooperative game theory (the Core). Second, interviews are conducted to characterize stakeholders' perceptions of social justice principles associated with the definition of alternatives cost allocation rules. The comparison of the cost allocation scenarios leads to contrasted insights in order to inform the decision-making process at the river basin scale and potentially reap the efficiency gains from cooperation in the design of river basin adaptation portfolios.

The Neural Mechanism Exploration of Adaptive Motor Control: Dynamical Economic Cell Allocation in the Primary Motor Cortex.

PubMed

Li, Wei; Guo, Yangyang; Fan, Jing; Ma, Chaolin; Ma, Xuan; Chen, Xi; He, Jiping

2017-05-01

Adaptive flexibility is of significance for the smooth and efficient movements in goal attainment. However, the underlying work mechanism of the cerebral cortex in adaptive motor control still remains unclear. How does the cerebral cortex organize and coordinate the activity of a large population of cells in the implementation of various motor strategies? To explore this issue, single-unit activities from the M1 region and kinematic data were recorded simultaneously in monkeys performing 3D reach-to-grasp tasks with different perturbations. Varying motor control strategies were employed and achieved in different perturbed tasks, via the dynamic allocation of cells to modulate specific movement parameters. An economic principle was proposed for the first time to describe a basic rule for cell allocation in the primary motor cortex. This principle, defined as the Dynamic Economic Cell Allocation Mechanism (DECAM), guarantees benefit maximization in cell allocation under limited neuronal resources, and avoids committing resources to uneconomic investments for unreliable factors with no or little revenue. That is to say, the cells recruited are always preferentially allocated to those factors with reliable return; otherwise, the cells are dispatched to respond to other factors about task. The findings of this study might partially reveal the working mechanisms underlying the role of the cerebral cortex in adaptive motor control, wherein is also of significance for the design of future intelligent brain-machine interfaces and rehabilitation device.

14 CFR 93.217 - Allocation of slots for international operations and applicable limitations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... TRAFFIC RULES Allocation of Commuter and Air Carrier IFR Operations at High Density Traffic Airports § 93... available, additional slots during the high density hours shall be allocated at Kennedy Airport for new...

14 CFR 93.217 - Allocation of slots for international operations and applicable limitations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... TRAFFIC RULES Allocation of Commuter and Air Carrier IFR Operations at High Density Traffic Airports § 93... available, additional slots during the high density hours shall be allocated at Kennedy Airport for new...

14 CFR 93.217 - Allocation of slots for international operations and applicable limitations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... TRAFFIC RULES Allocation of Commuter and Air Carrier IFR Operations at High Density Traffic Airports § 93... available, additional slots during the high density hours shall be allocated at Kennedy Airport for new...

14 CFR 93.217 - Allocation of slots for international operations and applicable limitations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... TRAFFIC RULES Allocation of Commuter and Air Carrier IFR Operations at High Density Traffic Airports § 93... available, additional slots during the high density hours shall be allocated at Kennedy Airport for new...

14 CFR 93.217 - Allocation of slots for international operations and applicable limitations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... TRAFFIC RULES Allocation of Commuter and Air Carrier IFR Operations at High Density Traffic Airports § 93... available, additional slots during the high density hours shall be allocated at Kennedy Airport for new...

26 CFR 20.2056(b)-5 - Marital deduction; life estate with power of appointment in surviving spouse.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... apportionment between the income and remainder beneficiaries of the total return of the trust and that meets the... absence, by the rules for the management of the trust property and the allocation of receipts and... assets and the rules provided for management of the trust that the allocation to income of such receipts...

76 FR 40950 - Public Company Accounting Oversight Board; Notice of Filing of Proposed Board Funding Final Rules...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-12

... Accounting Oversight Board; Notice of Filing of Proposed Board Funding Final Rules for Allocation of the...'' means the portion of the accounting support fee established by the Board that is to be allocated among... support fee'' means the portion of the accounting support fee established by the Board that is to be...

40 CFR Appendix B to Part 97 - Final Section 126 Rule: Non-EGU Allocations, 2004-2007

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Final Section 126 Rule: Non-EGU Allocations, 2004-2007 B Appendix B to Part 97 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... COASTAL EAGLE POINT OIL COMPAN 55004 001 3 NJ Gloucester COASTAL EAGLE POINT OIL COMPAN 55004 038 11 NJ...

78 FR 14230 - Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Atlantic Mackerel, Squid, and Butterfish Fisheries...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-05

... mortality cap allocation for 2013. Final Research Set-Aside (RSA) allocations for a given year are typically not available until final specifications, and the exclusion of the final RSA allocation results in... to account for allocated butterfish RSA. The proposed rule included the 13-percent reduction to the...

26 CFR 1.162-28 - Allocation of costs to lobbying activities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... lobbying activities and prescribes rules permitting a taxpayer to use a reasonable method to allocate those... method of allocating costs—(1) In general. A taxpayer must use a reasonable method to allocate the costs described in paragraph (c) of this section to lobbying activities. A method is not reasonable unless it is...

29 CFR 4211.36 - Modifications to the determination of initial liabilities, the amortization of initial...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., the amortization of initial liabilities, and the allocation fraction. 4211.36 Section 4211.36 Labor... initial liabilities, and the allocation fraction. (a) General rule. A plan using any of the allocation... participation under their prior plans. An amendment under this paragraph must include an allocation fraction...

New accounting rules: asset allocation and portfolio management.

PubMed

Andrew, B K

1997-01-01

New accounting rules went into effect at the end of 1995 that are now starting to affect how medical practices must report income from equity and fixed income investments. This article explores the new accounting rules and considers the other factors that help practices determine investment strategies, including desired investment return, comfort with level of risk, appropriate time horizons, liquidity needs and legal restrictions. The author also presents an example that examines the different considerations that may affect an asset allocation decision, including endowments and operating reserve funds.

How Family Status and Social Security Claiming Options Shape Optimal Life Cycle Portfolios

PubMed Central

Hubener, Andreas; Maurer, Raimond; Mitchell, Olivia S.

2017-01-01

We show how optimal household decisions regarding work, retirement, saving, portfolio allocations, and life insurance are shaped by the complex financial options embedded in U.S. Social Security rules and uncertain family transitions. Our life cycle model predicts sharp consumption drops on retirement, an age-62 peak in claiming rates, and earlier claiming by wives versus husbands and single women. Moreover, life insurance is mainly purchased on men’s lives. Our model, which takes Social Security rules seriously, generates wealth and retirement outcomes that are more consistent with the data, in contrast to earlier and less realistic models. PMID:28659659

26 CFR 1.861-14T - Special rules for allocating and apportioning certain expenses (other than interest expense) of...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... moratorium. The rules of this section do not apply to research and experimental expenses allocated under... assume that section 482 has not been applied by the Commissioner. Example 1: (i) Facts. P owns all of the....020 Research expense apportioned to United States income: EC07OC91.021 Example 2: (i) Facts. P owns...

77 FR 66897 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Fixed Income Clearing Corporation; Notice of Filing and Immediate...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-07

... responses that FICC has provided to firms that have raised questions about the Divisions' loss-allocation... allocation methods described in that Section. There are two potential losses that FICC may allocate to its... Proposed Rule Changes To Clarify a Stated Policy With Regard to Existing Provisions of the Loss Allocation...

26 CFR 1.338-6 - Allocation of ADSP and AGUB among target assets.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... allocated among Class II acquisition date assets of target in proportion to the fair market values of such... 26 Internal Revenue 4 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Allocation of ADSP and AGUB among target assets... among target assets. (a) Scope—(1) In general. This section prescribes rules for allocating ADSP and...

77 FR 54482 - Allocation of Costs Under the Simplified Methods

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-05

... Allocation of Costs Under the Simplified Methods AGENCY: Internal Revenue Service (IRS), Treasury. ACTION... certain costs to the property and that allocate costs under the simplified production method or the simplified resale method. The proposed regulations provide rules for the treatment of negative additional...

77 FR 22515 - Allocation of Earnings and Profits in Tax-Free Transfers From One Corporation to Another

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-16

... follows: PART 1--INCOME TAXES Paragraph 1. The authority citation for part 1 continues to read, in part... contains proposed amendments to 26 CFR part 1 concerning the allocation of earnings and profits in tax-free... the allocation of earnings and profits should conform to the rules for the allocation of other tax...

26 CFR 1.1254-5 - Special rules for partnerships and their partners.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... allocated to partner K, and that all other items of income, gain, or loss will be allocated equally between... gain is allocated equally between K and L. Because K's section 1254 costs are $65,000 and L's section... $15,000 as ordinary income under section 1254(a). The remaining $5,000 of gain allocated to K and $55...

26 CFR 1.1254-5 - Special rules for partnerships and their partners.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... allocated to partner K, and that all other items of income, gain, or loss will be allocated equally between... gain is allocated equally between K and L. Because K's section 1254 costs are $65,000 and L's section... $15,000 as ordinary income under section 1254(a). The remaining $5,000 of gain allocated to K and $55...

26 CFR 1.1254-5 - Special rules for partnerships and their partners.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... allocated to partner K, and that all other items of income, gain, or loss will be allocated equally between... gain is allocated equally between K and L. Because K's section 1254 costs are $65,000 and L's section... $15,000 as ordinary income under section 1254(a). The remaining $5,000 of gain allocated to K and $55...

26 CFR 1.1254-5 - Special rules for partnerships and their partners.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... allocated to partner K, and that all other items of income, gain, or loss will be allocated equally between... gain is allocated equally between K and L. Because K's section 1254 costs are $65,000 and L's section... $15,000 as ordinary income under section 1254(a). The remaining $5,000 of gain allocated to K and $55...

New rules for visual selection: Isolating procedural attention.

PubMed

Ramamurthy, Mahalakshmi; Blaser, Erik

2017-02-01

High performance in well-practiced, everyday tasks-driving, sports, gaming-suggests a kind of procedural attention that can allocate processing resources to behaviorally relevant information in an unsupervised manner. Here we show that training can lead to a new, automatic attentional selection rule that operates in the absence of bottom-up, salience-driven triggers and willful top-down selection. Taking advantage of the fact that attention modulates motion aftereffects, observers were presented with a bivectorial display with overlapping, iso-salient red and green dot fields moving to the right and left, respectively, while distracted by a demanding auditory two-back memory task. Before training, since the motion vectors canceled each other out, no net motion aftereffect (MAE) was found. However, after 3 days (0.5 hr/day) of training, during which observers practiced selectively attending to the red, rightward field, a significant net MAE was observed-even when top-down selection was again distracted. Further experiments showed that these results were not due to perceptual learning, and that the new rule targeted the motion, and not the color of the target dot field, and global, not local, motion signals; thus, the new rule was: "select the rightward field." This study builds on recent work on selection history-driven and reward-driven biases, but uses a novel paradigm where the allocation of visual processing resources are measured passively, offline, and when the observer's ability to execute top-down selection is defeated.

Costs of task allocation with local feedback: Effects of colony size and extra workers in social insects and other multi-agent systems.

PubMed

Radeva, Tsvetomira; Dornhaus, Anna; Lynch, Nancy; Nagpal, Radhika; Su, Hsin-Hao

2017-12-01

Adaptive collective systems are common in biology and beyond. Typically, such systems require a task allocation algorithm: a mechanism or rule-set by which individuals select particular roles. Here we study the performance of such task allocation mechanisms measured in terms of the time for individuals to allocate to tasks. We ask: (1) Is task allocation fundamentally difficult, and thus costly? (2) Does the performance of task allocation mechanisms depend on the number of individuals? And (3) what other parameters may affect their efficiency? We use techniques from distributed computing theory to develop a model of a social insect colony, where workers have to be allocated to a set of tasks; however, our model is generalizable to other systems. We show, first, that the ability of workers to quickly assess demand for work in tasks they are not currently engaged in crucially affects whether task allocation is quickly achieved or not. This indicates that in social insect tasks such as thermoregulation, where temperature may provide a global and near instantaneous stimulus to measure the need for cooling, for example, it should be easy to match the number of workers to the need for work. In other tasks, such as nest repair, it may be impossible for workers not directly at the work site to know that this task needs more workers. We argue that this affects whether task allocation mechanisms are under strong selection. Second, we show that colony size does not affect task allocation performance under our assumptions. This implies that when effects of colony size are found, they are not inherent in the process of task allocation itself, but due to processes not modeled here, such as higher variation in task demand for smaller colonies, benefits of specialized workers, or constant overhead costs. Third, we show that the ratio of the number of available workers to the workload crucially affects performance. Thus, workers in excess of those needed to complete all tasks improve task allocation performance. This provides a potential explanation for the phenomenon that social insect colonies commonly contain inactive workers: these may be a 'surplus' set of workers that improves colony function by speeding up optimal allocation of workers to tasks. Overall our study shows how limitations at the individual level can affect group level outcomes, and suggests new hypotheses that can be explored empirically.

Costs of task allocation with local feedback: Effects of colony size and extra workers in social insects and other multi-agent systems

PubMed Central

Dornhaus, Anna; Su, Hsin-Hao

2017-01-01

Adaptive collective systems are common in biology and beyond. Typically, such systems require a task allocation algorithm: a mechanism or rule-set by which individuals select particular roles. Here we study the performance of such task allocation mechanisms measured in terms of the time for individuals to allocate to tasks. We ask: (1) Is task allocation fundamentally difficult, and thus costly? (2) Does the performance of task allocation mechanisms depend on the number of individuals? And (3) what other parameters may affect their efficiency? We use techniques from distributed computing theory to develop a model of a social insect colony, where workers have to be allocated to a set of tasks; however, our model is generalizable to other systems. We show, first, that the ability of workers to quickly assess demand for work in tasks they are not currently engaged in crucially affects whether task allocation is quickly achieved or not. This indicates that in social insect tasks such as thermoregulation, where temperature may provide a global and near instantaneous stimulus to measure the need for cooling, for example, it should be easy to match the number of workers to the need for work. In other tasks, such as nest repair, it may be impossible for workers not directly at the work site to know that this task needs more workers. We argue that this affects whether task allocation mechanisms are under strong selection. Second, we show that colony size does not affect task allocation performance under our assumptions. This implies that when effects of colony size are found, they are not inherent in the process of task allocation itself, but due to processes not modeled here, such as higher variation in task demand for smaller colonies, benefits of specialized workers, or constant overhead costs. Third, we show that the ratio of the number of available workers to the workload crucially affects performance. Thus, workers in excess of those needed to complete all tasks improve task allocation performance. This provides a potential explanation for the phenomenon that social insect colonies commonly contain inactive workers: these may be a ‘surplus’ set of workers that improves colony function by speeding up optimal allocation of workers to tasks. Overall our study shows how limitations at the individual level can affect group level outcomes, and suggests new hypotheses that can be explored empirically. PMID:29240763

75 FR 37883 - Transmission Planning and Cost Allocation by Transmission Owning and Operating Public Utilities

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-30

... Planning and Cost Allocation by Transmission Owning and Operating Public Utilities; Proposed Rule #0;#0...] Transmission Planning and Cost Allocation by Transmission Owning and Operating Public Utilities Issued June 17... Transmission Services by Public Utilities; Recovery of Stranded Costs by Public Utilities and Transmitting...

26 CFR 26.2642-2 - Valuation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... of property transferred during life is its fair market value on the effective date of the allocation... chapter 12. (2) Special rule for late allocations during life. If a transferor makes a late allocation of... a life insurance policy or a trust holding a life insurance policy, if the insured individual has...

76 FR 64085 - Post-2014 Resource Pool-Loveland Area Projects, Final Power Allocation

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-17

... power allocation. SUMMARY: The Western Area Power Administration (Western), a Federal power marketing..., Final Power Allocation developed under the requirements of subpart C-Power Marketing Initiative of the Energy Planning and Management Program (Program) Final Rule, 10 CFR part 905. These final power...

Allocating application to group of consecutive processors in fault-tolerant deadlock-free routing path defined by routers obeying same rules for path selection

DOEpatents

Leung, Vitus J [Albuquerque, NM; Phillips, Cynthia A [Albuquerque, NM; Bender, Michael A [East Northport, NY; Bunde, David P [Urbana, IL

2009-07-21

In a multiple processor computing apparatus, directional routing restrictions and a logical channel construct permit fault tolerant, deadlock-free routing. Processor allocation can be performed by creating a linear ordering of the processors based on routing rules used for routing communications between the processors. The linear ordering can assume a loop configuration, and bin-packing is applied to this loop configuration. The interconnection of the processors can be conceptualized as a generally rectangular 3-dimensional grid, and the MC allocation algorithm is applied with respect to the 3-dimensional grid.

Auction-based bandwidth allocation in the Internet

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wei, Jiaolong; Zhang, Chi

2002-07-01

It has been widely accepted that auctioning which is the pricing approach with minimal information requirement is a proper tool to manage scare network resources. Previous works focus on Vickrey auction which is incentive compatible in classic auction theory. In the beginning of this paper, the faults of the most representative auction-based mechanisms are discussed. And then a new method called uniform-price auction (UPA), which has the simplest auction rule is proposed and it's incentive compatibility in the network environment is also proved. Finally, the basic mode is extended to support applications which require minimum bandwidth guarantees for a given time period by introducing derivative market, and a market mechanism for network resource allocation which is predictable, riskless, and simple for end-users is completed.

Essays on electricity transmission investment and financial transmission rights

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shang, Wenzhuo

The U.S. electric power industry has been going through fundamental restructuring and realignment since the 1990's. Many issues and problems have emerged during the transition, and both economists and engineers have been looking for the solutions fervently. In this dissertation, which consists primarily of three essays, we apply economics theory and techniques to the power industry and address two related issues, transmission investment and financial transmission rights (FTRs). The first essay takes the decentralized perspective and investigates the efficiency attribute of market-based transmission investment under perfect competition. We clarify, for the first time, the nature of the externality created by loop flows that causes transmission investment to be inefficient. Our findings have important implications for better understanding of transmission market design and creating incentives for efficient transmission investment. In the second essay, we define several rules for allocating transmission investment cost within the framework of cooperative game theory. These rules provide fair, stable or efficient cost allocations in theory and are good benchmarks against which the allocation mechanism in practice can be compared and improved upon. In the last essay, we make exploratory efforts in analyzing and assessing empirically the performance of the Midwest independent system operator (MISO) FTR auction market. We reveal some stylized facts about this young market and find that it is not efficient under the risk-neutrality assumption. We also point out and correct the drawbacks in previous related work and suggest about more complete empirical work in future. In all, this dissertation makes both theoretic and empirical analysis of the two hot issues related to the power industry and comes up with findings that have important implications for the development of this industry.

State Budgets, Unit Allocations, and Unit Emissions Rates

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This Technical Support Document (TSD) provides information that supports EPA’s determination of state emissions budgets, unit-level allocations, direct control rate limits, and new unit set-asides for the Transport Rule proposal.

26 CFR 1.338-7 - Allocation of redetermined ADSP and AGUB among target assets.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Effects on Corporation § 1.338-7... tax law for the elements of ADSP or AGUB. This section provides rules for allocating redetermined ADSP... different from the original allocation to it, the difference is added to or subtracted from the original...

26 CFR 1.338-7 - Allocation of redetermined ADSP and AGUB among target assets.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (Continued) Effects on Corporation § 1.338-7... tax law for the elements of ADSP or AGUB. This section provides rules for allocating redetermined ADSP... different from the original allocation to it, the difference is added to or subtracted from the original...

26 CFR 1.338-7 - Allocation of redetermined ADSP and AGUB among target assets.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Effects on Corporation § 1.338-7... tax law for the elements of ADSP or AGUB. This section provides rules for allocating redetermined ADSP... different from the original allocation to it, the difference is added to or subtracted from the original...

76 FR 13688 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; C2 Options Exchange, Incorporated; Notice of Filing and Immediate...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-14

... class-by-class basis which electronic allocation algorithm \\6\\ would apply for rotations. Currently Rule... opening price (with multiple quotes and orders being ranked in accordance with the allocation algorithm in... and quotes ranked in accordance with the allocation algorithm in effect for the class). Any remaining...

Synaptic Tagging During Memory Allocation

PubMed Central

Rogerson, Thomas; Cai, Denise; Frank, Adam; Sano, Yoshitake; Shobe, Justin; Aranda, Manuel L.; Silva, Alcino J.

2014-01-01

There is now compelling evidence that the allocation of memory to specific neurons (neuronal allocation) and synapses (synaptic allocation) in a neurocircuit is not random and that instead specific mechanisms, such as increases in neuronal excitability and synaptic tagging and capture, determine the exact sites where memories are stored. We propose an integrated view of these processes, such that neuronal allocation, synaptic tagging and capture, spine clustering and metaplasticity reflect related aspects of memory allocation mechanisms. Importantly, the properties of these mechanisms suggest a set of rules that profoundly affect how memories are stored and recalled. PMID:24496410

12 CFR 227.23 - Unfair acts or practices regarding allocation of payments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Credit Card Account Practices Rule § 227.23 Unfair acts or practices regarding allocation of payments. When different annual percentage rates apply to different balances on a consumer credit card account...

Perceived Relationship, Sex-Role Orientation, and Gender Differences in Reward Allocation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bowden, Maryanne; Zanna, Mark P.

Lerner has proposed an equity model used in the determination of fair allocations which suggests that if two individuals are perceived as being similar to and in a positive relationship with each other, there are two possible rules that give fair allocation of rewards. If individuals see each other as occupants of positions the characteristics of…

26 CFR 1.1561-2 - Special rules for allocating reductions of certain section 1561(a) tax-benefit items.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... members are required to apportion the amount of the additional tax using the proportionate method... proportionate method, the additional tax is allocated to each component member in the same proportion as the... steps for applying the proportionate method of allocation are as follows: (1) Step 1. The regular tax...

76 FR 20426 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness of Proposed Rule...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-12

... provides for the equitable allocation of reasonable dues, fees, and other charges among its members and other persons using its facilities. The Exchange believes the proposal is an equitable allocation of... equitable allocation of reasonable credits among BOX Options Participants. \\5\\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b). \\6\\ 15 U.S...

47 CFR 74.5 - Cross reference to rules in other parts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... applicable to other services, are set forth in the following parts of the FCC Rules and Regulations: (a) Part 1, “Practice and procedure”. (1) Subpart A, “General Rules of Practice and Procedure”. (§§ 1.1 to 1... Allocations and Radio Treaty Matters, General Rules and Regulations”, including subparts A, “Terminology”; B...

47 CFR 74.5 - Cross reference to rules in other parts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... applicable to other services, are set forth in the following parts of the FCC Rules and Regulations: (a) Part 1, “Practice and procedure”. (1) Subpart A, “General Rules of Practice and Procedure”. (§§ 1.1 to 1... Allocations and Radio Treaty Matters, General Rules and Regulations”, including subparts A, “Terminology”; B...

42 CFR 412.22 - Excluded hospitals and hospital units: General rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... must meet the governance and control requirements at paragraphs (e)(1)(i) through (e)(1)(iv) of this... allocates costs and maintains adequate statistical data to support the basis of allocation. (G) It reports...

Ramsey waits: allocating public health service resources when there is rationing by waiting.

PubMed

Gravelle, Hugh; Siciliani, Luigi

2008-09-01

The optimal allocation of a public health care budget across treatments must take account of the way in which care is rationed within treatments since this will affect their marginal value. We investigate the optimal allocation rules for public health care systems where user charges are fixed and care is rationed by waiting. The optimal waiting time is higher for treatments with demands more elastic to waiting time, higher costs, lower charges, smaller marginal welfare loss from waiting by treated patients, and smaller marginal welfare losses from under-consumption of care. The results hold for a wide range of welfarist and non-welfarist objective functions and for systems in which there is also a private health care sector. They imply that allocation rules based purely on cost effectiveness ratios are suboptimal because they assume that there is no rationing within treatments.

[Organ allocation system: between efficiency and equity].

PubMed

Antoine, Corinne

2007-02-15

Despite considerable efforts to promote organ donation and increase the amount of organ retrieval, demand for grafts is increasing and remains much higher then availability. This short supply is noticeable for all organ transplantation whether for heart, lungs, liver or pancreas but mainly for kidneys. The objective of graft allocation and attribution rules is to insure an allocation as fair as possible, to find the best recipient, to take into account the emergency of the need for grafting or the access difficulty for certain patients, and to seek optimal graft usage. These rules are based on the setting up of priority categories for patients whose lives are threatened on a very short-term basis or for those having difficult access to transplantation. This implies the issue of seeking the balance between an allocation as fair as possible and technical constraints associated with organ retrieval, transportation and graft quality preservation.

10 CFR 218.10 - Rule.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Rule. 218.10 Section 218.10 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OIL STANDBY MANDATORY INTERNATIONAL OIL ALLOCATION Supply Orders § 218.10 Rule. (a) Upon the determination by the President that an international energy supply emergency exists, firms engaged in producing...

14 CFR 93.219 - Allocation of slots for essential air service operations and applicable limitations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES Allocation of Commuter and Air Carrier IFR Operations at High Density Traffic... or from a High Density Traffic Airport under the Department of Transportation's Essential Air Service...

14 CFR 93.219 - Allocation of slots for essential air service operations and applicable limitations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES Allocation of Commuter and Air Carrier IFR Operations at High Density Traffic... or from a High Density Traffic Airport under the Department of Transportation's Essential Air Service...

14 CFR 93.219 - Allocation of slots for essential air service operations and applicable limitations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES Allocation of Commuter and Air Carrier IFR Operations at High Density Traffic... or from a High Density Traffic Airport under the Department of Transportation's Essential Air Service...

14 CFR 93.219 - Allocation of slots for essential air service operations and applicable limitations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES Allocation of Commuter and Air Carrier IFR Operations at High Density Traffic... or from a High Density Traffic Airport under the Department of Transportation's Essential Air Service...

14 CFR 93.219 - Allocation of slots for essential air service operations and applicable limitations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES Allocation of Commuter and Air Carrier IFR Operations at High Density Traffic... or from a High Density Traffic Airport under the Department of Transportation's Essential Air Service...

Analysis of pediatric lung donor allocation policy: a call for change?

PubMed

Gajarski, Robert; Bowman, Diana M

2015-04-01

In an unprecedented legal ruling in June 2013, a US federal district court judge decided that the existing policy for donor lung allocation be vacated to save the life of a ten-year-old girl dying from cystic fibrosis. This case has fueled much controversy in the United States among policy makers, ethicists, and physicians who treat other patients awaiting transplant. This article examines the creation of the current US lung allocation policy and its impact on outcomes and analyzes the multidimensionality of the ruling. After analyzing the current policy and investigating alternatives for donor pool expansion, the article concludes by articulating options that may mitigate the need for current policy revision. Copyright © 2015 by Duke University Press.

45 CFR 95.515 - Effective date of a cost allocation plan amendment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... general rule, the effective date of a cost allocation plan amendment shall be the first day of the... the defect. (c) It is impractical for the State to implement the amendment on the first day of the... 45 Public Welfare 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Effective date of a cost allocation plan amendment...

45 CFR 95.515 - Effective date of a cost allocation plan amendment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... general rule, the effective date of a cost allocation plan amendment shall be the first day of the... the defect. (c) It is impractical for the State to implement the amendment on the first day of the... 45 Public Welfare 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Effective date of a cost allocation plan amendment...

45 CFR 95.515 - Effective date of a cost allocation plan amendment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... general rule, the effective date of a cost allocation plan amendment shall be the first day of the... the defect. (c) It is impractical for the State to implement the amendment on the first day of the... 45 Public Welfare 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Effective date of a cost allocation plan amendment...

45 CFR 95.515 - Effective date of a cost allocation plan amendment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... general rule, the effective date of a cost allocation plan amendment shall be the first day of the... the defect. (c) It is impractical for the State to implement the amendment on the first day of the... 45 Public Welfare 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Effective date of a cost allocation plan amendment...

45 CFR 95.515 - Effective date of a cost allocation plan amendment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... general rule, the effective date of a cost allocation plan amendment shall be the first day of the... the defect. (c) It is impractical for the State to implement the amendment on the first day of the... 45 Public Welfare 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Effective date of a cost allocation plan amendment...

77 FR 40129 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE MKT LLC; Notice of Filing of Rule Change, as Modified by...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-06

... Delete Obsolete Text and To Clarify and Update the Description of the Allocation of Market and Limit... Orders in the Allocation of Orders in Closing Transactions, and (4) Making Other Technical and Conforming... delete obsolete text and to clarify and update the description of the allocation of market and limit...

77 FR 40133 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; New York Stock Exchange LLC; Notice of Filing of Rule Change, as...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-06

... Obsolete Text and To Clarify and Update the Description of The Allocation of Market and Limit Interest in... Allocation of Orders in Closing Transactions, and (4) Making Other Technical and Conforming Changes June 29... description of the allocation of market and limit interest in opening and reopening transactions, (3) amend...

76 FR 59470 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; C2 Options Exchange, Incorporated; Notice of Filing and Immediate...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-26

... allocation algorithm shall apply for COB and/or COA executions on a class-by-class basis, subject to certain conditions. Currently, as described in more detail below, the allocation algorithms for COB and COA default to the allocation algorithms in effect for a given options class. As proposed, the rule change would...

47 CFR 1.1105 - Schedule of charges for applications and other filings for the wireline competition services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... of Part 69 Tariff Rules (per request) Corres & 159 815.00 CQK 3. Accounting: a. Review of...,130.00 CVA b. Petition for Waiver (per petition): (i) Waiver of Part 69 Accounting Rules & Part 32 Accounting Rules, Part 43 Reporting Requirements, Part 64 Allocation of Costs Rules, Part 65 Rate of Return...

Proposal of Constraints Analysis Method Based on Network Model for Task Planning

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tomiyama, Tomoe; Sato, Tatsuhiro; Morita, Toyohisa; Sasaki, Toshiro

Deregulation has been accelerating several activities toward reengineering business processes, such as railway through service and modal shift in logistics. Making those activities successful, business entities have to regulate new business rules or know-how (we call them ‘constraints’). According to the new constraints, they need to manage business resources such as instruments, materials, workers and so on. In this paper, we propose a constraint analysis method to define constraints for task planning of the new business processes. To visualize each constraint's influence on planning, we propose a network model which represents allocation relations between tasks and resources. The network can also represent task ordering relations and resource grouping relations. The proposed method formalizes the way of defining constraints manually as repeatedly checking the network structure and finding conflicts between constraints. Being applied to crew scheduling problems shows that the method can adequately represent and define constraints of some task planning problems with the following fundamental features, (1) specifying work pattern to some resources, (2) restricting the number of resources for some works, (3) requiring multiple resources for some works, (4) prior allocation of some resources to some works and (5) considering the workload balance between resources.

PSOLA: A Heuristic Land-Use Allocation Model Using Patch-Level Operations and Knowledge-Informed Rules.

PubMed

Liu, Yaolin; Peng, Jinjin; Jiao, Limin; Liu, Yanfang

2016-01-01

Optimizing land-use allocation is important to regional sustainable development, as it promotes the social equality of public services, increases the economic benefits of land-use activities, and reduces the ecological risk of land-use planning. Most land-use optimization models allocate land-use using cell-level operations that fragment land-use patches. These models do not cooperate well with land-use planning knowledge, leading to irrational land-use patterns. This study focuses on building a heuristic land-use allocation model (PSOLA) using particle swarm optimization. The model allocates land-use with patch-level operations to avoid fragmentation. The patch-level operations include a patch-edge operator, a patch-size operator, and a patch-compactness operator that constrain the size and shape of land-use patches. The model is also integrated with knowledge-informed rules to provide auxiliary knowledge of land-use planning during optimization. The knowledge-informed rules consist of suitability, accessibility, land use policy, and stakeholders' preference. To validate the PSOLA model, a case study was performed in Gaoqiao Town in Zhejiang Province, China. The results demonstrate that the PSOLA model outperforms a basic PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) in the terms of the social, economic, ecological, and overall benefits by 3.60%, 7.10%, 1.53% and 4.06%, respectively, which confirms the effectiveness of our improvements. Furthermore, the model has an open architecture, enabling its extension as a generic tool to support decision making in land-use planning.

PSOLA: A Heuristic Land-Use Allocation Model Using Patch-Level Operations and Knowledge-Informed Rules

PubMed Central

Liu, Yaolin; Peng, Jinjin; Jiao, Limin; Liu, Yanfang

2016-01-01

Optimizing land-use allocation is important to regional sustainable development, as it promotes the social equality of public services, increases the economic benefits of land-use activities, and reduces the ecological risk of land-use planning. Most land-use optimization models allocate land-use using cell-level operations that fragment land-use patches. These models do not cooperate well with land-use planning knowledge, leading to irrational land-use patterns. This study focuses on building a heuristic land-use allocation model (PSOLA) using particle swarm optimization. The model allocates land-use with patch-level operations to avoid fragmentation. The patch-level operations include a patch-edge operator, a patch-size operator, and a patch-compactness operator that constrain the size and shape of land-use patches. The model is also integrated with knowledge-informed rules to provide auxiliary knowledge of land-use planning during optimization. The knowledge-informed rules consist of suitability, accessibility, land use policy, and stakeholders’ preference. To validate the PSOLA model, a case study was performed in Gaoqiao Town in Zhejiang Province, China. The results demonstrate that the PSOLA model outperforms a basic PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) in the terms of the social, economic, ecological, and overall benefits by 3.60%, 7.10%, 1.53% and 4.06%, respectively, which confirms the effectiveness of our improvements. Furthermore, the model has an open architecture, enabling its extension as a generic tool to support decision making in land-use planning. PMID:27322619

78 FR 9602 - Amendment of the Commission's Rules To Allocate Spectrum and Adopt Service Rules and Procedures...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-11

... such licensees and operators, and thus are unable to estimate the number of geostationary space station... apply any rules providing special consideration for geostationary space station licensees and operators... communicate with geostationary satellite orbit FSS space stations but must accept interference from stations...

76 FR 52997 - Public Company Accounting Oversight Board; Order Approving Proposed Board Funding Final Rules for...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-24

... Accounting Oversight Board; Order Approving Proposed Board Funding Final Rules for Allocation of the Board's Accounting Support Fee Among Issuers, Brokers, and Dealers, and Other Amendments to the Board's Funding Rules August 18, 2011. I. Introduction On June 21, 2011, the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (the...

77 FR 73711 - Program for Allocation of Regulatory Responsibilities Pursuant to Rule 17d-2; Notice of Filing...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-11

... 240.17d-2. I. Introduction Section 19(g)(1) of the Act,\\3\\ among other things, requires every self... associated persons; (c) Discharge of its duties and obligations as a DEA; and (d) Evaluation of advertising... Customer Communications (Advertising) NYSE MKT [Amex] Rules 991 and 1106 BATS Rule 26.16 BOX Rule 4170 CBOE...

A random walk rule for phase I clinical trials.

PubMed

Durham, S D; Flournoy, N; Rosenberger, W F

1997-06-01

We describe a family of random walk rules for the sequential allocation of dose levels to patients in a dose-response study, or phase I clinical trial. Patients are sequentially assigned the next higher, same, or next lower dose level according to some probability distribution, which may be determined by ethical considerations as well as the patient's response. It is shown that one can choose these probabilities in order to center dose level assignments unimodally around any target quantile of interest. Estimation of the quantile is discussed; the maximum likelihood estimator and its variance are derived under a two-parameter logistic distribution, and the maximum likelihood estimator is compared with other nonparametric estimators. Random walk rules have clear advantages: they are simple to implement, and finite and asymptotic distribution theory is completely worked out. For a specific random walk rule, we compute finite and asymptotic properties and give examples of its use in planning studies. Having the finite distribution theory available and tractable obviates the need for elaborate simulation studies to analyze the properties of the design. The small sample properties of our rule, as determined by exact theory, compare favorably to those of the continual reassessment method, determined by simulation.

Simultaneous Liver-Kidney Allocation Policy: A Proposal to Optimize Appropriate Utilization of Scarce Resources.

PubMed

Formica, R N; Aeder, M; Boyle, G; Kucheryavaya, A; Stewart, D; Hirose, R; Mulligan, D

2016-03-01

The introduction of the Mayo End-Stage Liver Disease score into the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) deceased donor liver allocation policy in 2002 has led to a significant increase in the number of simultaneous liver-kidney transplants in the United States. Despite multiple attempts, clinical science has not been able to reliably predict which liver candidates with renal insufficiency will recover renal function or need a concurrent kidney transplant. The problem facing the transplant community is that currently there are almost no medical criteria for candidacy for simultaneous liver-kidney allocation in the United States, and this lack of standardized rules and medical eligibility criteria for kidney allocation with a liver is counter to OPTN's Final Rule. Moreover, almost 50% of simultaneous liver-kidney organs come from a donor with a kidney donor profile index of ≤0.35. The kidneys from these donors could otherwise be allocated to pediatric recipients, young adults or prior organ donors. This paper presents the new OPTN and United Network of Organ Sharing simultaneous liver-kidney allocation policy, provides the supporting evidence and explains the rationale on which the policy was based. © Copyright 2015 The American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons.

77 FR 74707 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE Arca, Inc.; Order Approving a Proposed Rule Change To List...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-17

... the Pring Turner Business Cycle ETF Under NYSE Arca Equities Rule 8.600 December 11, 2012. On October... Pring Turner Business Cycle ETF (``Fund''). The proposed rule change was published for comment in the... proprietary business cycle research, the Sub-Adviser proactively will change the Fund's asset allocation and...

75 FR 57998 - Program for Allocation of Regulatory Responsibilities Pursuant to Rule 17d-2; Notice of Filing of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-23

... financial condition. BYX shall make available to FINRA any information coming to its attention that reflects... respect to such complaints. 10. Advertising. FINRA shall assume responsibility to review the advertising... Fraudulent Device Rule 3.5(a) Advertising Practices...... NASD Rule 2210(d)(1)(B) Communications with the...

New Unit Set-aside Notices of Data Availability (NUSA NODA) For the Cross-State Air Pollution Rule

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Units that are subject to the CSAPR but don't receive allowance allocations as existing units are eligible for a new unit set aside (NUSA) allowance allocation. This page contains links to those NUSA Notices of Data Availability.

Incremental cost effectiveness evaluation in clinical research.

PubMed

Krummenauer, Frank; Landwehr, I

2005-01-28

The health economic evaluation of therapeutic and diagnostic strategies is of increasing importance in clinical research. Therefore also clinical trialists have to involve health economic aspects more frequently. However, whereas they are quite familiar with classical effect measures in clinical trials, the corresponding parameters in health economic evaluation of therapeutic and diagnostic procedures are still not this common. The concepts of incremental cost effectiveness ratios (ICERs) and incremental net health benefit (INHB) will be illustrated and contrasted along the cost effectiveness evaluation of cataract surgery with monofocal and multifocal intraocular lenses. ICERs relate the costs of a treatment to its clinical benefit in terms of a ratio expression (indexed as Euro per clinical benefit unit). Therefore ICERs can be directly compared to a pre-specified willingness to pay (WTP) benchmark, which represents the maximum costs, health insurers would invest to achieve one clinical benefit unit. INHBs estimate a treatment's net clinical benefit after accounting for its cost increase versus an established therapeutic standard. Resource allocation rules can be formulated by means of both effect measures. Both the ICER and the INHB approach enable the definition of directional resource allocation rules. The allocation decisions arising from these rules are identical, as long as the willingness to pay benchmark is fixed in advance. Therefore both strategies crucially call for a priori determination of both the underlying clinical benefit endpoint (such as gain in vision lines after cataract surgery or gain in quality-adjusted life years) and the corresponding willingness to pay benchmark. The use of incremental cost effectiveness and net health benefit estimates provides a rationale for health economic allocation discussions and founding decisions. It implies the same requirements on trial protocols as yet established for clinical trials, that is the a priori definition of primary hypotheses (formulated as an allocation rule involving a pre-specified willingness to pay benchmark) and the primary clinical benefit endpoint (as a rationale for effectiveness evaluation).

75 FR 16987 - Trade Adjustment Assistance; Merit Staffing of State Administration and Allocation of Training...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-02

...The Employment and Training Administration (ETA) of the Department of Labor (Department) issues this final rule to implement changes to the regulations for the Trade Adjustment Assistance for Workers (TAA) program under the Trade Act of 1974, as amended (Trade Act). This rule requires that personnel engaged in TAA-funded functions undertaken to carry out the worker adjustment assistance provisions must be State employees covered by a merit system of personnel administration. This rule also prescribes the system for allocating training funds to the States, as required by amendments to the Trade Act contained in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, commonly called the Recovery Act. The Recovery Act included provisions which reauthorized and significantly amended the TAA program.

Proposed Unit Level Ozone Season NOx Allowance Allocations to Existing Units in Six States: Supplemental Proposed Rule TSD

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This Technical Support Document (TSD) presents the proposed unit-level allocations based on the existing-unit portion of each state’s ozone season NOx emission budget to covered existing units in Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Missouri, Oklahoma, and Wisconsin.

76 FR 81295 - Cost Accounting Standards: Cost Accounting Standards 412 and 413-Cost Accounting Standards...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-27

... accounting standards governing measurement, assignment, and allocation of costs to contracts with the United... contracting parties; Measurement of pension costs must be objectively verifiable; Accounting rules must keep... cost accounting that preclude their use for the appropriate measurement, assignment and allocation of...

26 CFR 1.460-5 - Cost allocation rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... must be allocated to a long-term contract when dedicated to the contract under principles similar to... component is dedicated, under principles similar to those in § 1.263A-11(b)(2). A taxpayer maintaining... exempt construction contract reported using the CCM— (A) Marketing and selling expenses, including...

76 FR 77900 - Allocation of Assets in Single-Employer Plans; Benefits Payable in Terminated Single-Employer...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-15

... PENSION BENEFIT GUARANTY CORPORATION 29 CFR Parts 4022 and 4044 Allocation of Assets in Single-Employer Plans; Benefits Payable in Terminated Single-Employer Plans; Interest Assumptions for Valuing and Paying Benefits AGENCY: Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This final...

76 FR 13883 - Allocation of Assets in Single-Employer Plans; Benefits Payable in Terminated Single-Employer...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-15

... PENSION BENEFIT GUARANTY CORPORATION 29 CFR Parts 4022 and 4044 Allocation of Assets in Single-Employer Plans; Benefits Payable in Terminated Single-Employer Plans; Interest Assumptions for Valuing and Paying Benefits AGENCY: Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This final...

78 FR 16401 - Allocation of Assets in Single-Employer Plans; Benefits Payable in Terminated Single-Employer...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-15

... PENSION BENEFIT GUARANTY CORPORATION 29 CFR Parts 4022 and 4044 Allocation of Assets in Single-Employer Plans; Benefits Payable in Terminated Single-Employer Plans; Interest Assumptions for Valuing and Paying Benefits AGENCY: Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This final...

78 FR 35754 - Allocation of Assets in Single-Employer Plans; Benefits Payable in Terminated Single-Employer...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-14

... PENSION BENEFIT GUARANTY CORPORATION 29 CFR Parts 4022 and 4044 Allocation of Assets in Single-Employer Plans; Benefits Payable in Terminated Single-Employer Plans; Interest Assumptions for Valuing and Paying Benefits AGENCY: Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This final...

77 FR 56770 - Allocation of Assets in Single-Employer Plans; Benefits Payable in Terminated Single-Employer...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-14

... PENSION BENEFIT GUARANTY CORPORATION 29 CFR Parts 4022 and 4044 Allocation of Assets in Single-Employer Plans; Benefits Payable in Terminated Single-Employer Plans; Interest Assumptions for Valuing and Paying Benefits AGENCY: Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This final...

75 FR 33688 - Allocation of Assets in Single-Employer Plans; Benefits Payable in Terminated Single-Employer...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-15

... PENSION BENEFIT GUARANTY CORPORATION 29 CFR Parts 4022 and 4044 Allocation of Assets in Single-Employer Plans; Benefits Payable in Terminated Single-Employer Plans; Interest Assumptions for Valuing and Paying Benefits AGENCY: Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: Pension...

75 FR 12121 - Allocation of Assets in Single-Employer Plans; Benefits Payable in Terminated Single-Employer...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-15

... PENSION BENEFIT GUARANTY CORPORATION 29 CFR Parts 4022 and 4044 Allocation of Assets in Single-Employer Plans; Benefits Payable in Terminated Single-Employer Plans; Interest Assumptions for Valuing and Paying Benefits AGENCY: Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: Pension...

Managed care and shadow price.

PubMed

Ma, Ching-To A

2004-02-01

A managed-care company must decide on allocating resources of many services to many groups of enrollees. The profit-maximizing allocation rule is characterized. For each group, the marginal utilities across all services are equalized. The equilibrium has an enrollee group shadow price interpretation. The equilibrium spending allocation can be implemented by letting utilitarian physicians decide on service spending on an enrollee group subject to a budget for the group. Copyright 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

47 CFR 2.301 - Station identification requirement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Section 2.301 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION GENERAL FREQUENCY ALLOCATIONS AND RADIO TREATY MATTERS; GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS Call Signs and Other Forms of Identifying Radio... the enforcement of the Communications Act of 1934, as amended, and the Commission's rules. [34 FR 5104...

Effect of individual thinking styles on item selection during study time allocation.

PubMed

Jia, Xiaoyu; Li, Weijian; Cao, Liren; Li, Ping; Shi, Meiling; Wang, Jingjing; Cao, Wei; Li, Xinyu

2018-04-01

The influence of individual differences on learners' study time allocation has been emphasised in recent studies; however, little is known about the role of individual thinking styles (analytical versus intuitive). In the present study, we explored the influence of individual thinking styles on learners' application of agenda-based and habitual processes when selecting the first item during a study-time allocation task. A 3-item cognitive reflection test (CRT) was used to determine individuals' degree of cognitive reliance on intuitive versus analytical cognitive processing. Significant correlations between CRT scores and the choices of first item selection were observed in both Experiment 1a (study time was 5 seconds per triplet) and Experiment 1b (study time was 20 seconds per triplet). Furthermore, analytical decision makers constructed a value-based agenda (prioritised high-reward items), whereas intuitive decision makers relied more upon habitual responding (selected items from the leftmost of the array). The findings of Experiment 1a were replicated in Experiment 2 notwithstanding ruling out the possible effects from individual intelligence and working memory capacity. Overall, the individual thinking style plays an important role on learners' study time allocation and the predictive ability of CRT is reliable in learners' item selection strategy. © 2016 International Union of Psychological Science.

42 CFR 415.55 - General payment rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... for reasonable availability services furnished for emergency rooms and the services of standby... § 415.55 General payment rules. (a) Allowable costs. Except as specified otherwise in §§ 413.102 of this chapter (concerning compensation of owners), 415.60 (concerning allocation of physician compensation costs...

42 CFR 415.55 - General payment rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... for reasonable availability services furnished for emergency rooms and the services of standby... § 415.55 General payment rules. (a) Allowable costs. Except as specified otherwise in §§ 413.102 of this chapter (concerning compensation of owners), 415.60 (concerning allocation of physician compensation costs...

A decision-theoretic approach to identifying future high-cost patients.

PubMed

Pietz, Kenneth; Byrne, Margaret M; Petersen, Laura A

2006-09-01

The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a method of allocating funding for very-high-cost (VHC) patients among hospitals. Diagnostic cost groups (DCGs) were used for risk adjustment. The patient population consisted of 253,013 veterans who used Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) medical care services in fiscal year (FY) 2003 (October 1, 2002-September 30, 2003) in a network of 8 VA hospitals. We defined VHC as greater than 75,000 dollars (0.81%). The upper fifth percentile was also used for comparison. A Bayesian decision rule for classifying patients as VHC/not VHC using DCGs was developed and evaluated. The method uses FY 2003 DCGs to allocate VHC funds for FY 2004. We also used FY 2002 DCGs to allocate VHC funds for FY 2003 for comparison. The resulting allocation was compared with using the allocation of VHC patients among the hospitals in the previous year. The decision rule identified DCG 17 as the optimal cutoff for identifying VHC patients for the next year. The previous year's allocation came closest to the actual distribution of VHC patients. The decision-theoretic approach may provide insight into the economic consequences of classifying a patient as VHC or not VHC. More research is needed into methods of identifying future VHC patients so that capitation plans can fairly reimburse healthcare systems for appropriately treating these patients.

76 FR 24548 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE Arca, Inc.; Notice of Filing of Proposed Rule Change Relating...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-02

... committee uses third-party analyst research and a proprietary fundamental process to make allocation... investment process: Step 1: The Sub-Adviser's use of third-party research consists of analyzing the consensus... analyst research and a proprietary fundamental process to make allocation decisions. Changes to the Fund's...

26 CFR 1.148-9 - Arbitrage rules for refunding issues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... par bond, its stated principal amount, and in reference to any other bond, its present value. (3... allocated to the refunding of a separate prior issue is based on the present value of the refunded debt... satisfying the representative allocation method if that investment is valued at fair market value on the...

26 CFR 1.163-8T - Allocation of interest expense among expenditures (temporary).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... rules in paragraphs (c)(4) and (j) of this section, however, compound interest accruing on such debt (other than compound interest accruing on interest that accrued before the beginning of the year) may be... 26 Internal Revenue 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Allocation of interest expense among...

75 FR 54530 - Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservations: Administrative Funding Allocations

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-08

... could this description be more helpful in making the rule easier to understand? II. Procedural Matters... rational basis for allocating funds to the Regional Offices. FDPIR State agencies expressed concern that... participants served by each State agency. The decision to pilot a new funding methodology in fiscal year 2008...

78 FR 72255 - Medicare and Medicaid Programs; Home Health Prospective Payment System Rate Update for CY 2014...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-02

... Allocation of Home Health Survey Expenses; Final Rule #0;#0;Federal Register / Vol. 78 , No. 231 / Monday... Requirements, and Cost Allocation of Home Health Survey Expenses AGENCY: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid... HHAs, the state's designated survey agency carry out certain other responsibilities that already apply...

Applications of artificial intelligence to mission planning

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ford, Donnie R.; Floyd, Stephen A.; Rogers, John S.

1990-01-01

The following subject areas are covered: object-oriented programming task; rule-based programming task; algorithms for resource allocation; connecting a Symbolics to a VAX; FORTRAN from Lisp; trees and forest task; software data structure conversion; software functionality modifications and enhancements; portability of resource allocation to a TI MicroExplorer; frontier of feasibility software system; and conclusions.

26 CFR 1.263A-14 - Rules for related persons.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

....263A-14 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Items Not Deductible § 1.263A-14 Rules for related persons. Taxpayers must account for average excess expenditures allocated to related persons under applicable...

26 CFR 1.263A-14 - Rules for related persons.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

....263A-14 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Items Not Deductible § 1.263A-14 Rules for related persons. Taxpayers must account for average excess expenditures allocated to related persons under applicable administrative...

Work-family conflict and self-discrepant time allocation at work.

PubMed

Dahm, Patricia C; Glomb, Theresa M; Manchester, Colleen Flaherty; Leroy, Sophie

2015-05-01

We examine the relationships between work-to-family conflict, time allocation across work activities, and the outcomes of work satisfaction, well-being, and salary in the context of self-regulation and self-discrepancy theories. We posit work-to-family conflict is associated with self-discrepant time allocation such that employees with higher levels of work-to-family conflict are likely to allocate less time than preferred to work activities that require greater self-regulatory resources (e.g., tasks that are complex, or those with longer term goals that delay rewards and closure) and allocate more time than preferred to activities that demand fewer self-regulatory resources or are replenishing (e.g., those that provide closure or are prosocial). We suggest this self-discrepant time allocation (actual vs. preferred time allocation) is one mechanism by which work-to-family conflict leads to negative employee consequences (Allen, Herst, Bruck, & Sutton, 2000; Mesmer-Magnus & Viswesvaran, 2005). Using polynomial regression and response surface methodology, we find that discrepancies between actual and preferred time allocations to work activities negatively relate to work satisfaction, psychological well-being, and physical well-being. Self-discrepant time allocation mediates the relationship between work-to-family conflict and work satisfaction and well-being, while actual time allocation (rather than the discrepancy) mediates the relationship between work-to-family conflict and salary. We find that women are more likely than men to report self-discrepant time allocations as work-to-family conflict increases. (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved.

Ground data systems resource allocation process

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Berner, Carol A.; Durham, Ralph; Reilly, Norman B.

1989-01-01

The Ground Data Systems Resource Allocation Process at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory provides medium- and long-range planning for the use of Deep Space Network and Mission Control and Computing Center resources in support of NASA's deep space missions and Earth-based science. Resources consist of radio antenna complexes and associated data processing and control computer networks. A semi-automated system was developed that allows operations personnel to interactively generate, edit, and revise allocation plans spanning periods of up to ten years (as opposed to only two or three weeks under the manual system) based on the relative merit of mission events. It also enhances scientific data return. A software system known as the Resource Allocation and Planning Helper (RALPH) merges the conventional methods of operations research, rule-based knowledge engineering, and advanced data base structures. RALPH employs a generic, highly modular architecture capable of solving a wide variety of scheduling and resource sequencing problems. The rule-based RALPH system has saved significant labor in resource allocation. Its successful use affirms the importance of establishing and applying event priorities based on scientific merit, and the benefit of continuity in planning provided by knowledge-based engineering. The RALPH system exhibits a strong potential for minimizing development cycles of resource and payload planning systems throughout NASA and the private sector.

26 CFR 1.199-0 - Table of contents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... receipts. (1) In general. (2) Reasonable method of allocation. (3) De minimis rules. (i) DPGR. (ii) Non... of completion method. (3) Examples. § 1.199-2Wage limitation. (a) Rules of application. (1) In... reported on return filed with the Social Security Administration. (i) In general. (ii) Corrected return...

14 CFR 93.129 - Additional operations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

...) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES High Density Traffic Airports § 93... under IFR at a designated high density traffic airport without regard to the maximum number of operations allocated for that airport if the operation is not a scheduled operation to or from a high density...

Managerial Innovation: Rules for Successful Implementation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Baldridge, J. Victor

1980-01-01

The Higher Education Research Institute studied the impact of Exxon Foundation grants from the Resource Allocation and Management Program (RAMP) at 49 private colleges to determine if and how college planning and financial stability were affected by changes in management techniques. Rules for supporting innovations at various phases of a project's…

14 CFR 93.129 - Additional operations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

...) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES High Density Traffic Airports § 93... under IFR at a designated high density traffic airport without regard to the maximum number of operations allocated for that airport if the operation is not a scheduled operation to or from a high density...

14 CFR 93.129 - Additional operations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

...) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES High Density Traffic Airports § 93... under IFR at a designated high density traffic airport without regard to the maximum number of operations allocated for that airport if the operation is not a scheduled operation to or from a high density...

14 CFR 93.129 - Additional operations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

...) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES High Density Traffic Airports § 93... under IFR at a designated high density traffic airport without regard to the maximum number of operations allocated for that airport if the operation is not a scheduled operation to or from a high density...

14 CFR 93.129 - Additional operations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

...) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES High Density Traffic Airports § 93... under IFR at a designated high density traffic airport without regard to the maximum number of operations allocated for that airport if the operation is not a scheduled operation to or from a high density...

77 FR 37837 - Overall Foreign Loss Recapture on Property Dispositions

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-25

... coordination of the rules for determining high-taxed income with capital gains adjustments and the allocation.... Questions have arisen regarding the coordination of these rules with the capital gains adjustments under... business, gain is recognized on that disposition and treated as foreign source income, regardless of...

26 CFR 1.863-3 - Allocation and apportionment of income from certain sales of inventory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

..., when the property is either produced in whole or in part in space or on or under water not within the... United States (in international water), or is sold in space or international water, the rules of § 1.863... international water, the rules of § 1.863-8 apply, and the rules of this section do not apply except to the...

26 CFR 1.863-3 - Allocation and apportionment of income from certain sales of inventory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

..., when the property is either produced in whole or in part in space or on or under water not within the... United States (in international water), or is sold in space or international water, the rules of § 1.863... international water, the rules of § 1.863-8 apply, and the rules of this section do not apply except to the...

26 CFR 1.863-3 - Allocation and apportionment of income from certain sales of inventory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

..., when the property is either produced in whole or in part in space or on or under water not within the... United States (in international water), or is sold in space or international water, the rules of § 1.863... international water, the rules of § 1.863-8 apply, and the rules of this section do not apply except to the...

26 CFR 1.863-3 - Allocation and apportionment of income from certain sales of inventory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

..., when the property is either produced in whole or in part in space or on or under water not within the... United States (in international water), or is sold in space or international water, the rules of § 1.863... international water, the rules of § 1.863-8 apply, and the rules of this section do not apply except to the...

76 FR 42055 - Data Availability Concerning Transport Rule Allowance Allocations to Existing Units

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-18

... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 40 CFR Part 97 [FRL-9435-6] Data Availability Concerning Transport... concerning this action should be addressed to Brian Fisher, telephone (202) 343-9633, and e- mail fisher.... 97.411(a)(2), 97.511(a)(2), 97.611(a)(2), and 97.711(a)(2) (concerning termination of allocations of...

26 CFR 1.1060-1 - Special allocation rules for certain asset acquisitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...) (relating to the allocation of adjusted grossed-up basis among the assets of the target corporation when a... of value. P is a company that designs, manufactures, and markets electronic components. It wants to... market value of the non-recognition assets transferred by one party exceeds the fair market value of the...

Optimal water resource allocation modelling in the Lowveld of Zimbabwe

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mhiribidi, Delight; Nobert, Joel; Gumindoga, Webster; Rwasoka, Donald T.

2018-05-01

The management and allocation of water from multi-reservoir systems is complex and thus requires dynamic modelling systems to achieve optimality. A multi-reservoir system in the Southern Lowveld of Zimbabwe is used for irrigation of sugarcane estates that produce sugar for both local and export consumption. The system is burdened with water allocation problems, made worse by decommissioning of dams. Thus the aim of this research was to develop an operating policy model for the Lowveld multi-reservoir system.The Mann Kendall Trend and Wilcoxon Signed-Rank tests were used to assess the variability of historic monthly rainfall and dam inflows for the period 1899-2015. The WEAP model was set up to evaluate the water allocation system of the catchment and come-up with a reference scenario for the 2015/2016 hydrologic year. Stochastic Dynamic Programming approach was used for optimisation of the multi-reservoirs releases.Results showed no significant trend in the rainfall but a significantly decreasing trend in inflows (p < 0.05). The water allocation model (WEAP) showed significant deficits ( ˜ 40 %) in irrigation water allocation in the reference scenario. The optimal rule curves for all the twelve months for each reservoir were obtained and considered to be a proper guideline for solving multi- reservoir management problems within the catchment. The rule curves are effective tools in guiding decision makers in the release of water without emptying the reservoirs but at the same time satisfying the demands based on the inflow, initial storage and end of month storage.

76 FR 82057 - Fisheries of the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, and South Atlantic; Coastal Migratory Pelagic...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-29

... allocations for Atlantic migratory group cobia and establishes control rules for king mackerel, Spanish... migratory groups for cobia; and establishes annual catch limits (ACLs), annual catch targets (ACTs), and... be added back into the FMP at a later date. Cobia Migratory Groups This final rule establishes two...

76 FR 73632 - Sunshine Act Meeting; Open Commission Meeting; Wednesday, November 30, 2011

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-29

... Rules to Provide Additional Spectrum for the Medical Device Radiocommunication Service in the 413-457 MHz band SUMMARY: The Commission will consider a Report and Order that allocates spectrum in the 413-457 MHz band and adopts service and technical rules for Medical Micropower Networks, which rely on new...

76 FR 51442 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE Arca, Inc.; Notice of Filing of Proposed Rule Change To List...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-18

...-Adviser has designed the following quantitative stock selection rules to make allocation decisions and to..., the Sub-Adviser's investment process is quantitative. Based on extensive historical research, the Sub... open-end fund's portfolio composition must be subject to procedures designed to prevent the use and...

76 FR 65662 - Fisheries of the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, and South Atlantic; Coastal Migratory Pelagic...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-24

... Migratory Pelagic Resources in the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Region; Amendment 18 AGENCY: National Marine... rule; request for comments. SUMMARY: NMFS proposes regulations to implement Amendment 18 to the Fishery..., Amendment 18 would set allocations for Atlantic cobia and establish control rules for king mackerel, Spanish...

26 CFR 1.755-1 - Rules for allocation of basis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Provisions Common to Part II, Subchapter K, Chapter 1 of the Code § 1.755-1 Rules...) property (capital gain property), and any other property of the partnership (ordinary income property). For purposes of this section, properties and potential gain treated as unrealized receivables under section 751...

78 FR 36279 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; New York Stock Exchange LLC; Notice of Filing and Immediate...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-17

... Number of DMM Units an Issuer Must Interview From the Pool of DMM Units Eligible To Participate in the... units an issuer must interview from the pool of DMM units eligible to participate in the allocation. The... issuer must interview from the pool of DMM units eligible to participate in the allocation process. Rule...

77 FR 7643 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE Arca, Inc.; Order Granting Approval of a Proposed Rule Change...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-13

... strategic allocation for the Fund from time to time based on capital markets research. The Adviser also may... modify the strategic allocation for the Fund from time to time based on capital markets research. The... further extended the time period for Commission action to February 8, 2012. On January 25, 2012, the...

75 FR 81704 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Chicago Board Options Exchange, Incorporated; Notice of Filing and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-28

... algorithm \\5\\ for HOSS and to make related changes to Interpretation and Policy .03. Currently, there are... applicable allocation algorithm for the HOSS and modified HOSS rotation procedures. Paragraph (c)(iv) of the... allocation algorithm in effect for the option class pursuant to Rule 6.45A or 6.45B), then to limit orders...

77 FR 29712 - Program for Allocation of Regulatory Responsibilities Pursuant to Rule 17d-2; Notice of Filing...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-18

... there is good cause not to make that assignment. (d) To the extent practicable, Allocation of Common... examinations of broker-dealers that maintain memberships in more than one SRO (``common members''). Such regulatory duplication would add unnecessary expenses for common members and their SROs. \\3\\ 15 U.S.C. 78s(g...

77 FR 34262 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Ocean Perch in the Western Aleutian...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-11

.... 111213751-2102-02] RIN 0648-XC061 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Ocean Perch.... ACTION: Temporary rule; closure. SUMMARY: NMFS is prohibiting directed fishing for Pacific ocean perch in... allocation of Pacific ocean perch in this area allocated to vessels participating in the BSAI trawl limited...

75 FR 69600 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Ocean Perch in the Eastern Aleutian...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-15

.... 0910131363-0087-02] RIN 0648-XA034 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Ocean Perch.... ACTION: Temporary rule; closure. SUMMARY: NMFS is prohibiting directed fishing for Pacific ocean perch in... allocation of Pacific ocean perch in this area allocated to vessels participating in the BSAI trawl limited...

76 FR 43933 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Ocean Perch in the Western Aleutian...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-22

.... 101126521-0640-02] RIN 0648-XA589 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Ocean Perch.... ACTION: Temporary rule; closure. SUMMARY: NMFS is prohibiting directed fishing for Pacific ocean perch in... allocation of Pacific ocean perch in this area allocated to vessels participating in the BSAI trawl limited...

76 FR 65972 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Ocean Perch in the Eastern Aleutian...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-25

.... 101126521-0640-02] RIN 0648-XA782 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Ocean Perch.... ACTION: Temporary rule; closure. SUMMARY: NMFS is prohibiting directed fishing for Pacific ocean perch in... allocation of Pacific ocean perch in this area allocated to vessels participating in the BSAI trawl limited...

75 FR 69601 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Ocean Perch in the Central Aleutian...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-15

.... 0910131363-0087-02] RIN 0648-XA035 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Ocean Perch.... ACTION: Temporary rule; closure. SUMMARY: NMFS is prohibiting directed fishing for Pacific ocean perch in... allocation of Pacific ocean perch in this area allocated to vessels participating in the BSAI trawl limited...

77 FR 39440 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Ocean Perch in the Central Aleutian...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-03

.... 111213751-2102-02] RIN 0648-XC085 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Ocean Perch.... ACTION: Temporary rule; closure. SUMMARY: NMFS is prohibiting directed fishing for Pacific ocean perch in... allocation of Pacific ocean perch in this area allocated to vessels participating in the BSAI trawl limited...

75 FR 69601 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Ocean Perch in the Western Aleutian...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-15

.... 0910131363-0087-02] RIN 0648-XA036 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Ocean Perch.... ACTION: Temporary rule; closure. SUMMARY: NMFS is prohibiting directed fishing for Pacific ocean perch in... allocation of Pacific ocean perch in this area allocated to vessels participating in the BSAI trawl limited...

Modeling the effects of forest harvesting on landscape structure and the spatial distribution of cowbird brood parasitism

Treesearch

Eric J. Gustafson; Thomas R. Crow

1994-01-01

Timber harvesting affects both composition and structure of the landscape and has important consequences for organisms using forest habitats. A timber harvest allocation model was constructed that allows the input of specific rules to allocate forest stands for clearcutting to generate landscape patterns reflecting the "look and feel" of managed landscapes....

Simulation of operating rules and discretional decisions using a fuzzy rule-based system integrated into a water resources management model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Macian-Sorribes, Hector; Pulido-Velazquez, Manuel

2013-04-01

Water resources systems are operated, mostly, using a set of pre-defined rules not regarding, usually, to an optimal allocation in terms of water use or economic benefits, but to historical and institutional reasons. These operating policies are reproduced, commonly, as hedging rules, pack rules or zone-based operations, and simulation models can be used to test their performance under a wide range of hydrological and/or socio-economic hypothesis. Despite the high degree of acceptation and testing that these models have achieved, the actual operation of water resources systems hardly follows all the time the pre-defined rules with the consequent uncertainty on the system performance. Real-world reservoir operation is very complex, affected by input uncertainty (imprecision in forecast inflow, seepage and evaporation losses, etc.), filtered by the reservoir operator's experience and natural risk-aversion, while considering the different physical and legal/institutional constraints in order to meet the different demands and system requirements. The aim of this work is to expose a fuzzy logic approach to derive and assess the historical operation of a system. This framework uses a fuzzy rule-based system to reproduce pre-defined rules and also to match as close as possible the actual decisions made by managers. After built up, the fuzzy rule-based system can be integrated in a water resources management model, making possible to assess the system performance at the basin scale. The case study of the Mijares basin (eastern Spain) is used to illustrate the method. A reservoir operating curve regulates the two main reservoir releases (operated in a conjunctive way) with the purpose of guaranteeing a high realiability of supply to the traditional irrigation districts with higher priority (more senior demands that funded the reservoir construction). A fuzzy rule-based system has been created to reproduce the operating curve's performance, defining the system state (total water stored in the reservoirs) and the month of the year as inputs; and the demand deliveries as outputs. The developed simulation management model integrates the fuzzy-ruled system of the operation of the two main reservoirs of the basin with the corresponding mass balance equations, the physical or boundary conditions and the water allocation rules among the competing demands. Historical information on inflow time series is used as inputs to the model simulation, being trained and validated using historical information on reservoir storage level and flow in several streams of the Mijares river. This methodology provides a more flexible and close to real policies approach. The model is easy to develop and to understand due to its rule-based structure, which mimics the human way of thinking. This can improve cooperation and negotiation between managers, decision-makers and stakeholders. The approach can be also applied to analyze the historical operation of the reservoir (what we have called a reservoir operation "audit").

Model-based metrics of human-automation function allocation in complex work environments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kim, So Young

Function allocation is the design decision which assigns work functions to all agents in a team, both human and automated. Efforts to guide function allocation systematically has been studied in many fields such as engineering, human factors, team and organization design, management science, and cognitive systems engineering. Each field focuses on certain aspects of function allocation, but not all; thus, an independent discussion of each does not address all necessary issues with function allocation. Four distinctive perspectives emerged from a review of these fields: technology-centered, human-centered, team-oriented, and work-oriented. Each perspective focuses on different aspects of function allocation: capabilities and characteristics of agents (automation or human), team structure and processes, and work structure and the work environment. Together, these perspectives identify the following eight issues with function allocation: 1) Workload, 2) Incoherency in function allocations, 3) Mismatches between responsibility and authority, 4) Interruptive automation, 5) Automation boundary conditions, 6) Function allocation preventing human adaptation to context, 7) Function allocation destabilizing the humans' work environment, and 8) Mission Performance. Addressing these issues systematically requires formal models and simulations that include all necessary aspects of human-automation function allocation: the work environment, the dynamics inherent to the work, agents, and relationships among them. Also, addressing these issues requires not only a (static) model, but also a (dynamic) simulation that captures temporal aspects of work such as the timing of actions and their impact on the agent's work. Therefore, with properly modeled work as described by the work environment, the dynamics inherent to the work, agents, and relationships among them, a modeling framework developed by this thesis, which includes static work models and dynamic simulation, can capture the issues with function allocation. Then, based on the eight issues, eight types of metrics are established. The purpose of these metrics is to assess the extent to which each issue exists with a given function allocation. Specifically, the eight types of metrics assess workload, coherency of a function allocation, mismatches between responsibility and authority, interruptive automation, automation boundary conditions, human adaptation to context, stability of the human's work environment, and mission performance. Finally, to validate the modeling framework and the metrics, a case study was conducted modeling four different function allocations between a pilot and flight deck automation during the arrival and approach phases of flight. A range of pilot cognitive control modes and maximum human taskload limits were also included in the model. The metrics were assessed for these four function allocations and analyzed to validate capability of the metrics to identify important issues in given function allocations. In addition, the design insights provided by the metrics are highlighted. This thesis concludes with a discussion of mechanisms for further validating the modeling framework and function allocation metrics developed here, and highlights where these developments can be applied in research and in the design of function allocations in complex work environments such as aviation operations.

[Study on allocation rules of common nutrients in Scutellaria baicalensis in different phenological periods by ICP-OES].

PubMed

Li, Hua; Li, Wei; Zeng, Jie; Yang, Bin

2012-11-01

To study the allocation rules of the nutrients in Scutellaria baicalensis in different phenological periods, ICP-OES analytical technique was used to measure the contents of 4 elements (Ca, Mg, P and K) in roots, stems, leaves, flowers and fruids in different phenological periods (such as dormancy period, leaf expansion period, blooming period, fruit maturation period and yellow period) simultaneously. The results indicated that the allocation of Ca, Mg and K in leaves was higher than in the other organs in the vegetative stage, in order to stimulate photosynthesis and generate abundant carbohydrate; there was a larger proportion of P and K in reproductive organ compared with vegetative ones in reproductive stage, and it was beneficial to multiplication, and in yellow period the percentages of Ca, Mg, and K in roots rose slightly to strengthen cold-resistant ability. This study results can help develop scientific and rational fertilization programmes for the cultivation of Scutellaria baicalensis.

Estimating the economic opportunity cost of water use with river basin simulators in a computationally efficient way

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rougé, Charles; Harou, Julien J.; Pulido-Velazquez, Manuel; Matrosov, Evgenii S.

2017-04-01

The marginal opportunity cost of water refers to benefits forgone by not allocating an additional unit of water to its most economically productive use at a specific location in a river basin at a specific moment in time. Estimating the opportunity cost of water is an important contribution to water management as it can be used for better water allocation or better system operation, and can suggest where future water infrastructure could be most beneficial. Opportunity costs can be estimated using 'shadow values' provided by hydro-economic optimization models. Yet, such models' use of optimization means the models had difficulty accurately representing the impact of operating rules and regulatory and institutional mechanisms on actual water allocation. In this work we use more widely available river basin simulation models to estimate opportunity costs. This has been done before by adding in the model a small quantity of water at the place and time where the opportunity cost should be computed, then running a simulation and comparing the difference in system benefits. The added system benefits per unit of water added to the system then provide an approximation of the opportunity cost. This approximation can then be used to design efficient pricing policies that provide incentives for users to reduce their water consumption. Yet, this method requires one simulation run per node and per time step, which is demanding computationally for large-scale systems and short time steps (e.g., a day or a week). Besides, opportunity cost estimates are supposed to reflect the most productive use of an additional unit of water, yet the simulation rules do not necessarily use water that way. In this work, we propose an alternative approach, which computes the opportunity cost through a double backward induction, first recursively from outlet to headwaters within the river network at each time step, then recursively backwards in time. Both backward inductions only require linear operations, and the resulting algorithm tracks the maximal benefit that can be obtained by having an additional unit of water at any node in the network and at any date in time. Results 1) can be obtained from the results of a rule-based simulation using a single post-processing run, and 2) are exactly the (gross) benefit forgone by not allocating an additional unit of water to its most productive use. The proposed method is applied to London's water resource system to track the value of storage in the city's water supply reservoirs on the Thames River throughout a weekly 85-year simulation. Results, obtained in 0.4 seconds on a single processor, reflect the environmental cost of water shortage. This fast computation allows visualizing the seasonal variations of the opportunity cost depending on reservoir levels, demonstrating the potential of this approach for exploring water values and its variations using simulation models with multiple runs (e.g. of stochastically generated plausible future river inflows).

78 FR 55322 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc.; Notice of Filing of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-10

... issuer. See Rule 5131(e)(5). If the person responsible for making the allocation decision knows or has... is publishing this notice to solicit comments on the proposed rule change from interested persons. \\1... 5130(i)(9). Specifically, the spinning provision provides that no member or person associated with a...

47 CFR 22.657 - Transmitter locations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

.... The purpose of the rules in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section is to define the areas in which the 470-512 MHz channels are allocated for public mobile use. The purpose of the rules in paragraphs (c... 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, or 8 TV channels from the TV channel containing the frequencies on which the base...

47 CFR 22.657 - Transmitter locations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

.... The purpose of the rules in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section is to define the areas in which the 470-512 MHz channels are allocated for public mobile use. The purpose of the rules in paragraphs (c... 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, or 8 TV channels from the TV channel containing the frequencies on which the base...

47 CFR 22.657 - Transmitter locations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

.... The purpose of the rules in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section is to define the areas in which the 470-512 MHz channels are allocated for public mobile use. The purpose of the rules in paragraphs (c... 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, or 8 TV channels from the TV channel containing the frequencies on which the base...

47 CFR 22.657 - Transmitter locations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

.... The purpose of the rules in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section is to define the areas in which the 470-512 MHz channels are allocated for public mobile use. The purpose of the rules in paragraphs (c... 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, or 8 TV channels from the TV channel containing the frequencies on which the base...

Design and Implementation of USAF Avionics Integration Support Facilities

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-12-01

specification for taking the bbranch Vt -Routing indicator (No activity): Allocate Node: All’ocation of resources: R= Allocation rule. Res Resource type number...problems, and the integration and testing of the ECS. The purpose of this investigation is to establish a standard software development system...Corrections to equipment problems. -Compensation for equipment degradation. -New Developments . This approach is intended to centralize essential

75 FR 28080 - Program for Allocation of Regulatory Responsibilities Pursuant to Rule 17d-2; Order Approving and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-19

... SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION [Release No. 34-62079; File No. 4-598] Program for Allocation... Order gives effect to the Plan filed with the Commission in File No. 4-598. The Parties shall notify all..., pursuant to Section 17(d) of the Act, that the Plan in File No. 4-598, between FINRA and EDGX, filed...

77 FR 42349 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE Amex LLC; Order Approving a Proposed Rule Change Defining a...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-18

... size pro-rata basis, and do not compete for the allocation of non-Directed Orders of five contracts or... than a round robin allocation of non-Directed Orders for five contracts or fewer, all such orders would... Specialist's quote size is less than the order of five contracts or fewer, any remaining contracts after the...

Resource Allocation Games: A Priming Game for a Series of Instructional Games (The POE Game).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Allen, Layman E.

This paper describes in detail the paper-and-pencil POE (Pelham Odd 'R Even) game, in which units of space are the allocated resources. The game is designed to provide an introduction to the rule structure common to the games of EQUATIONS, WFF 'N PROOF, and ON-SENTS & NON-SENTS. Techniques of playing POE, including goals, solutions, moves, scoring…

Sample path analysis of contribution and reward in cooperative groups.

PubMed

Toyoizumi, Hiroshi

2009-02-07

Explaining cooperative behavior is one of the major challenges in both biology and human society. The individual reward in cooperative group depends on how we share the rewards in the group. Thus, the group size dynamics in a cooperative group and reward-allocation rule seem essential to evaluate the emergence of cooperative groups. We apply a sample path-based analysis called an extension of Little's formula to general cooperative group. We show that the expected reward is insensitive to the specific reward-allocation rule and probabilistic structure of group dynamics, and the simple productivity condition guarantees the expected reward to be larger than the average contribution. As an example, we take social queues to see the insensitivity result in detail.

Development of water allocation Model Based on ET-Control and Its Application in Haihe River Basin

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

You, Jinjun; Gan, Hong; Gan, Zhiguo; Wang, Lin

2010-05-01

Traditionally, water allocation is to distribute water to different regions and sectors, without enough consideration on amount of water consumed after water distribution. Water allocation based on ET (evaporation and Transpiration) control changes this idea and emphasizes the absolute amount of evaporation and transpiration in specific area. With this ideology, the amount of ET involved the water allocation includes not only water consumed from the sectors, but the natural ET. Therefore, the water allocation consist of two steps, the first step is to estimate reasonable ET quantum in regions, then allocate water to more detailed regions and various sectors with the ET quantum according with the operational rules. To make qualified ET distribution and water allocation in various regions, a framework is put forward in this paper, in which two models are applied to analyze the different scenarios with predefined economic growth and ecological objective. The first model figures out rational ET objective with multi-objective analysis for compromised solution in economic growth and ecological maintenance. Food security and environmental protection are also taken as constraints in the optimization in the first model. The second one provides hydraulic simulation and water balance to allocate the ET objective to corresponding regions under operational rules. These two models are combined into an integrated ET-Control water allocation. Scenario analysis through the ET-Control Model could discover the relations between economy and ecology, farther to give suggestion on measures to control water use with condition of changing socio-economic growth and ecological objectives. To confirm the methodology, Haihe River is taken as a case to study. Rational water allocation is important branch of decision making on water planning and management in Haihe River Basin since water scarcity and deteriorating environment fights for water in this basin dramatically and reasonable water allocation between economy and ecology is a focus. Considering condition of water scarcity in Haihe River Basin, ET quota is taken as objective for water allocation in provinces to realize the requirement of water inflow into the Bohai Sea. Scenario analysis provides the results of water evaporation from natural water cycle and artificial use. A trade-off curve based on fulfilment of ecological and economic objectives in different scenarios discovers the competitive relation between human activities and nature.

How should we build a generic open-source water management simulator?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Khadem, M.; Meier, P.; Rheinheimer, D. E.; Padula, S.; Matrosov, E.; Selby, P. D.; Knox, S.; Harou, J. J.

2014-12-01

Increasing water needs for agriculture, industry and cities mean effective and flexible water resource system management tools will remain in high demand. Currently many regions or countries use simulators that have been adapted over time to their unique system properties and water management rules and realities. Most regions operate with a preferred short-list of water management and planning decision support systems. Is there scope for a simulator, shared within the water management community, that could be adapted to different contexts, integrate community contributions, and connect to generic data and model management software? What role could open-source play in such a project? How could a genericuser-interface and data/model management software sustainably be attached to this model or suite of models? Finally, how could such a system effectively leverage existing model formulations, modeling technologies and software? These questions are addressed by the initial work presented here. We introduce a generic water resource simulation formulation that enables and integrates both rule-based and optimization driven technologies. We suggest how it could be linked to other sub-models allowing for detailed agent-based simulation of water management behaviours. An early formulation is applied as an example to the Thames water resource system in the UK. The model uses centralised optimisation to calculate allocations but allows for rule-based operations as well in an effort to represent observed behaviours and rules with fidelity. The model is linked through import/export commands to a generic network model platform named Hydra. Benefits and limitations of the approach are discussed and planned work and potential use cases are outlined.

26 CFR 1.863-7 - Allocation of income attributable to certain notional principal contracts under section 863(a).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... basis) so choose. See paragraph (c) of this section for an election to apply the rules of this section... notional principal contract income—(1) General rule. Unless paragraph (b) (2) or (3) of this section... negotiation or acquisition of a notional principal contract may be disregarded if the district director...

26 CFR 1.1446-6 - Special rules to reduce a partnership's 1446 tax with respect to a foreign partner's allocable...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... any extensions of time to file, which falls before the beginning of the current partnership taxable... including any extensions of time to file, which falls within the current partnership taxable year for which...-tier partnership) that is a partner in another partnership (lower-tier partnership)— (A) The rules of...

77 FR 29705 - Program for Allocation of Regulatory Responsibilities Pursuant to Rule 17d-2; Notice of Filing...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-18

... multiple examinations of broker-dealers that maintain memberships in more than one SRO (``common members''). Such regulatory duplication would add unnecessary expenses for common members and their SROs. \\3\\ 15 U... respect to a common member, Section 17(d)(1) authorizes the Commission, by rule or order, to relieve an...

THE COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE OF WORKING MEMORY

PubMed Central

D’Esposito, Mark; Postle, Bradley R.

2015-01-01

For over 50 years, psychologists and neuroscientists have recognized the importance of a “working memory” to coordinate processing when multiple goals are active, and to guide behavior with information that is not present in the immediate environment. In recent years, psychological theory and cognitive neuroscience data have converged on the idea that information is encoded into working memory via the allocation of attention to internal representations – be they semantic long-term memory (e.g., letters, digits, words), sensory, or motoric. Thus, information-based multivariate analyses of human functional MRI data typically find evidence for the temporary representation of stimuli in regions that also process this information in nonworking-memory contexts. The prefrontal cortex, on the other hand, exerts control over behavior by biasing the salience of mnemonic representations, and adjudicating among competing, context-dependent rules. The “control of the controller” emerges from a complex interplay between PFC and striatal circuits, and ascending dopaminergic neuromodulatory signals. PMID:25251486

Scheduling IT Staff at a Bank: A Mathematical Programming Approach

PubMed Central

Labidi, M.; Mrad, M.; Gharbi, A.; Louly, M. A.

2014-01-01

We address a real-world optimization problem: the scheduling of a Bank Information Technologies (IT) staff. This problem can be defined as the process of constructing optimized work schedules for staff. In a general sense, it requires the allocation of suitably qualified staff to specific shifts to meet the demands for services of an organization while observing workplace regulations and attempting to satisfy individual work preferences. A monthly shift schedule is prepared to determine the shift duties of each staff considering shift coverage requirements, seniority-based workload rules, and staff work preferences. Due to the large number of conflicting constraints, a multiobjective programming model has been proposed to automate the schedule generation process. The suggested mathematical model has been implemented using Lingo software. The results indicate that high quality solutions can be obtained within a few seconds compared to the manually prepared schedules. PMID:24772032

Scheduling IT staff at a bank: a mathematical programming approach.

PubMed

Labidi, M; Mrad, M; Gharbi, A; Louly, M A

2014-01-01

We address a real-world optimization problem: the scheduling of a Bank Information Technologies (IT) staff. This problem can be defined as the process of constructing optimized work schedules for staff. In a general sense, it requires the allocation of suitably qualified staff to specific shifts to meet the demands for services of an organization while observing workplace regulations and attempting to satisfy individual work preferences. A monthly shift schedule is prepared to determine the shift duties of each staff considering shift coverage requirements, seniority-based workload rules, and staff work preferences. Due to the large number of conflicting constraints, a multiobjective programming model has been proposed to automate the schedule generation process. The suggested mathematical model has been implemented using Lingo software. The results indicate that high quality solutions can be obtained within a few seconds compared to the manually prepared schedules.

75 FR 9970 - Program for Allocation of Regulatory Responsibilities Pursuant to Rule 17d-2; Notice of Filing...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-04

... there is good cause not to make that assignment. (d) To the extent practicable, Allocation of Common... maintain memberships in more than one SRO (``common members''). Such regulatory duplication would add unnecessary expenses for common members and their SROs. \\3\\ 15 U.S.C. 78s(g)(1). \\4\\ 15 U.S.C. 78q(d). \\5\\ 15...

Marginal Contribution-Based Distributed Subchannel Allocation in Small Cell Networks.

PubMed

Shah, Shashi; Kittipiyakul, Somsak; Lim, Yuto; Tan, Yasuo

2018-05-10

The paper presents a game theoretic solution for distributed subchannel allocation problem in small cell networks (SCNs) analyzed under the physical interference model. The objective is to find a distributed solution that maximizes the welfare of the SCNs, defined as the total system capacity. Although the problem can be addressed through best-response (BR) dynamics, the existence of a steady-state solution, i.e., a pure strategy Nash equilibrium (NE), cannot be guaranteed. Potential games (PGs) ensure convergence to a pure strategy NE when players rationally play according to some specified learning rules. However, such a performance guarantee comes at the expense of complete knowledge of the SCNs. To overcome such requirements, properties of PGs are exploited for scalable implementations, where we utilize the concept of marginal contribution (MC) as a tool to design learning rules of players’ utility and propose the marginal contribution-based best-response (MCBR) algorithm of low computational complexity for the distributed subchannel allocation problem. Finally, we validate and evaluate the proposed scheme through simulations for various performance metrics.

26 CFR 25.2523(e)-1 - Marital deduction; life estate with power of appointment in donee spouse.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... beneficiaries of the total return of the trust and that meets the requirements of § 1.643(b)-1 of this chapter... rules specifically stated in the trust instrument, or, in their absence, by the rules for the management... for management of the trust that the allocation to income of such receipts as rents, ordinary cash...

26 CFR 25.2523(e)-1 - Marital deduction; life estate with power of appointment in donee spouse.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... beneficiaries of the total return of the trust and that meets the requirements of § 1.643(b)-1 of this chapter... rules specifically stated in the trust instrument, or, in their absence, by the rules for the management... for management of the trust that the allocation to income of such receipts as rents, ordinary cash...

78 FR 46656 - Program for Allocation of Regulatory Responsibilities Pursuant to Rule 17d-2; Notice of Filing of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-01

... clearance and settlement system; and is in conformity with the factors set forth in Section 17(d) of the Act... Certification (``Common Rules''). In the event that a Dual Member is the subject of an investigation relating to... is the subject of an investigation relating to a transaction on Topaz, Topaz may in its discretion...

75 FR 49005 - Program for Allocation of Regulatory Responsibilities Pursuant to Rule 17d-2; Notice of Filing of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-12

... examinations of broker-dealers that maintain memberships in more than one SRO (``common members''). Such regulatory duplication would add unnecessary expenses for common members and their SROs. \\3\\ 15 U.S.C. 78s(g... respect to a common member, Section 17(d)(1) authorizes the Commission, by rule or order, to relieve an...

75 FR 18920 - Program for Allocation of Regulatory Responsibilities Pursuant to Rule 17d-2; Notice of Filing of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-13

... examinations of broker-dealers that maintain memberships in more than one SRO (``common members''). Such regulatory duplication would add unnecessary expenses for common members and their SROs. \\3\\ 15 U.S.C. 78s(g... common member, Section 17(d)(1) authorizes the Commission, by rule or order, to relieve an SRO of the...

75 FR 18915 - Program for Allocation of Regulatory Responsibilities Pursuant to Rule 17d-2; Notice of Filing of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-13

... examinations of broker-dealers that maintain memberships in more than one SRO (``common members''). Such regulatory duplication would add unnecessary expenses for common members and their SROs. \\3\\ 15 U.S.C. 78s(g... common member, Section 17(d)(1) authorizes the Commission, by rule or order, to relieve an SRO of the...

Developing Novel Reservoir Rule Curves Using Seasonal Inflow Projections

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tseng, Hsin-yi; Tung, Ching-pin

2015-04-01

Due to significant seasonal rainfall variations, reservoirs and their flexible operational rules are indispensable to Taiwan. Furthermore, with the intensifying impacts of climate change on extreme climate, the frequency of droughts in Taiwan has been increasing in recent years. Drought is a creeping phenomenon, the slow onset character of drought makes it difficult to detect at an early stage, and causes delays on making the best decision of allocating water. For these reasons, novel reservoir rule curves using projected seasonal streamflow are proposed in this study, which can potentially reduce the adverse effects of drought. This study dedicated establishing new rule curves which consider both current available storage and anticipated monthly inflows with leading time of two months to reduce the risk of water shortage. The monthly inflows are projected based on the seasonal climate forecasts from Central Weather Bureau (CWB), which a weather generation model is used to produce daily weather data for the hydrological component of the GWLF. To incorporate future monthly inflow projections into rule curves, this study designs a decision flow index which is a linear combination of current available storage and inflow projections with leading time of 2 months. By optimizing linear relationship coefficients of decision flow index, the shape of rule curves and the percent of water supply in each zone, the best rule curves to decrease water shortage risk and impacts can be developed. The Shimen Reservoir in the northern Taiwan is used as a case study to demonstrate the proposed method. Existing rule curves (M5 curves) of Shimen Reservoir are compared with two cases of new rule curves, including hindcast simulations and historic seasonal forecasts. The results show new rule curves can decrease the total water shortage ratio, and in addition, it can also allocate shortage amount to preceding months to avoid extreme shortage events. Even though some uncertainties in historic forecasts would result unnecessary discounts of water supply, it still performs better than M5 curves during droughts.

Political model of social evolution

PubMed Central

Acemoglu, Daron; Egorov, Georgy; Sonin, Konstantin

2011-01-01

Almost all democratic societies evolved socially and politically out of authoritarian and nondemocratic regimes. These changes not only altered the allocation of economic resources in society but also the structure of political power. In this paper, we develop a framework for studying the dynamics of political and social change. The society consists of agents that care about current and future social arrangements and economic allocations; allocation of political power determines who has the capacity to implement changes in economic allocations and future allocations of power. The set of available social rules and allocations at any point in time is stochastic. We show that political and social change may happen without any stochastic shocks or as a result of a shock destabilizing an otherwise stable social arrangement. Crucially, the process of social change is contingent (and history-dependent): the timing and sequence of stochastic events determine the long-run equilibrium social arrangements. For example, the extent of democratization may depend on how early uncertainty about the set of feasible reforms in the future is resolved. PMID:22198760

Political model of social evolution.

PubMed

Acemoglu, Daron; Egorov, Georgy; Sonin, Konstantin

2011-12-27

Almost all democratic societies evolved socially and politically out of authoritarian and nondemocratic regimes. These changes not only altered the allocation of economic resources in society but also the structure of political power. In this paper, we develop a framework for studying the dynamics of political and social change. The society consists of agents that care about current and future social arrangements and economic allocations; allocation of political power determines who has the capacity to implement changes in economic allocations and future allocations of power. The set of available social rules and allocations at any point in time is stochastic. We show that political and social change may happen without any stochastic shocks or as a result of a shock destabilizing an otherwise stable social arrangement. Crucially, the process of social change is contingent (and history-dependent): the timing and sequence of stochastic events determine the long-run equilibrium social arrangements. For example, the extent of democratization may depend on how early uncertainty about the set of feasible reforms in the future is resolved.

The determination of total burn surface area: How much difference?

PubMed

Giretzlehner, M; Dirnberger, J; Owen, R; Haller, H L; Lumenta, D B; Kamolz, L-P

2013-09-01

Burn depth and burn size are crucial determinants for assessing patients suffering from burns. Therefore, a correct evaluation of these factors is optimal for adapting the appropriate treatment in modern burn care. Burn surface assessment is subject to considerable differences among clinicians. This work investigated the accuracy among experts based on conventional surface estimation methods (e.g. "Rule of Palm", "Rule of Nines" or "Lund-Browder Chart"). The estimation results were compared to a computer-based evaluation method. Survey data was collected during one national and one international burn conference. The poll confirmed deviations of burn depth/size estimates of up to 62% in relation to the mean value of all participants. In comparison to the computer-based method, overestimation of up to 161% was found. We suggest introducing improved methods for burn depth/size assessment in clinical routine in order to efficiently allocate and distribute the available resources for practicing burn care. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd and ISBI. All rights reserved.

10 CFR 218.10 - Rule.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... necessary for implementation of the obligations of the United States under chapters III and IV of the IEP that relate to the mandatory international allocation of oil by IEP participating countries. (b) Any...

26 CFR 1.904(g)-3T - Ordering rules for the allocation of net operating losses, net capital losses, U.S. source losses...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...(g)-3T Section 1.904(g)-3T Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Income from Sources Without the United States § 1.904(g)-3T.... The rules must be applied in the order set forth in paragraphs (b) through (g) of this section. (b...

26 CFR 1.148-6A - General allocation and accounting rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Regulations Applicable to Certain Bonds Sold Prior to... (3) There is an independent verification (e.g., from an independent certified public accountant) that...

47 CFR 78.3 - Other pertinent rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... chapter: Part 0—Commission Organization. Part 1—Practice and Procedure. Part 2—Frequency Allocations and... Antenna Structures. Part 21—Domestic Public Fixed Radio Services. Part 74—Experimental, Auxiliary, and...

75 FR 2821 - Personnel Records

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-19

... #0;notices is to give interested persons an opportunity to participate in #0;the rule making prior to... agencies' roles with respect to OPFs and permit a more rational allocation of the costs associated with the...

Exploring UK medical and social work students' legal literacy: comparisons, contrasts and implications.

PubMed

Preston-Shoot, Michael; McKimm, Judy

2013-05-01

To ensure acceptable practice standards both doctors and social workers should draw on relevant legal rules when reaching professional judgements concerning, for instance, children requiring protection, people with severe mental distress and adults at risk, information sharing, consent to intervention and service user involvement in their care and treatment. Many practitioners use the law to maintain high standards of professionalism. However, research has uncovered limited awareness of legal rules and poor standards of health and social care. Academic benchmarks and practice requirements for health and social care professions centrally position legal knowledge for secure decision-making. Model curricula exist. However, the outcomes of the taught curriculum on students' confidence in their legal knowledge and skills have been relatively overlooked. This article introduces the concept of legal literacy, a distillation of knowledge, understanding, skills and values that enables practitioners to connect relevant legal rules with their professional practice, to appreciate the roles and duties of other practitioners and to communicate effectively across organisational boundaries. It presents the outcomes for a 2006-2009 study of 1154 UK medical and 638 social work students of their law learning for practice, response rates of 46% and 68%. Significant differences were found between medical and social work students' attitudes towards the law, and in their self-ratings of legal knowledge and skills. Confidence levels were low and anxiety high, especially among medical students, although law teaching had some positive outcomes on knowledge and skill development. Social work and medical students associated different themes with the law, the latter especially foregrounding ethics, negligence and liability, which could affect inter-professional working. Students are not fully prepared for legally literate practice, with a consequent need to review the time allocated for, and the content of law learning and the subsequent availability of continuing professional development. © 2013 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Key factors that influence government policies and decision making about healthcare priorities: Lessons for the field of eating disorders.

PubMed

Whiteford, Harvey; Weissman, Ruth Striegel

2017-03-01

Worldwide, the demand for healthcare exceeds what individuals and governments are able to afford. Priority setting is therefore inevitable, and mental health services have often been given low priority in the decision-making process. Drawing on established economic criteria, and specifically the work of Philip Musgrove, key factors which influence government decision-making about health priorities are reviewed. These factors include the size of the health burden, the availability of cost-effective interventions to reduce the burden, whether private markets can provide the necessary treatment efficiently, whether there are "catastrophic costs" incurred in accessing treatment, whether negative externalities arise from not providing care, and if the "rule of rescue" applies. Beyond setting priorities for resource allocation, governments also become involved where there is a need for regulation to maintain quality in the delivery of healthcare. By providing field-specific examples for each factor, we illustrate how advocates in the eating disorder field may use evidence to inform government policy about resource allocation and regulation in support of individuals with an eating disorder. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Boeing flight deck design philosophy

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stoll, Harty

1990-01-01

Information relative to Boeing flight deck design philosophy is given in viewgraph form. Flight deck design rules, design considerations, functions allocated to the crew, redundancy and automation concerns, and examples of accident data that were reviewed are listed.

Medicare and Medicaid programs; Home Health Prospective Payment System rate update for CY 2014, home health quality reporting requirements, and cost allocation of home health survey expenses. Final rule.

PubMed

2013-12-02

This final rule will update the Home Health Prospective Payment System (HH PPS) rates, including the national, standardized 60-day episode payment rates, the national per-visit rates, the low-utilization payment adjustment (LUPA) add-on, and the non-routine medical supply (NRS) conversion factor under the Medicare prospective payment system for home health agencies (HHAs), effective January 1, 2014. As required by the Affordable Care Act, this rule establishes rebasing adjustments, with a 4-year phase-in, to the national, standardized 60-day episode payment rates; the national per-visit rates; and the NRS conversion factor. In addition, this final rule will remove 170 diagnosis codes from assignment to diagnosis groups within the HH PPS Grouper, effective January 1, 2014. Finally, this rule will establish home health quality reporting requirements for CY 2014 payment and subsequent years and will clarify that a state Medicaid program must provide that, in certifying HHAs, the state's designated survey agency carry out certain other responsibilities that already apply to surveys of nursing facilities and Intermediate Care Facilities for Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities (ICF-IID), including sharing in the cost of HHA surveys. For that portion of costs attributable to Medicare and Medicaid, we will assign 50 percent to Medicare and 50 percent to Medicaid, the standard method that CMS and states use in the allocation of expenses related to surveys of nursing homes.

Bringing the Budget Back into Academic Work Allocation Models: A Management Perspective

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Robertson, Michael; Germov, John

2015-01-01

Issues surrounding increasingly constrained resources and reducing levels of sector-based funding require consideration of a different Academic Work Allocation Model (AWAM) approach. Evidence from the literature indicates that an effective work allocation model is founded on the principles of equity and transparency in the distribution and…

A Greedy Double Auction Mechanism for Grid Resource Allocation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ding, Ding; Luo, Siwei; Gao, Zhan

To improve the resource utilization and satisfy more users, a Greedy Double Auction Mechanism(GDAM) is proposed to allocate resources in grid environments. GDAM trades resources at discriminatory price instead of uniform price, reflecting the variance in requirements for profits and quantities. Moreover, GDAM applies different auction rules to different cases, over-demand, over-supply and equilibrium of demand and supply. As a new mechanism for grid resource allocation, GDAM is proved to be strategy-proof, economically efficient, weakly budget-balanced and individual rational. Simulation results also confirm that GDAM outperforms the traditional one on both the total trade amount and the user satisfaction percentage, specially as more users are involved in the auction market.

Optimal investment in a portfolio of HIV prevention programs.

PubMed

Zaric, G S; Brandeau, M L

2001-01-01

In this article, the authors determine the optimal allocation of HIV prevention funds and investigate the impact of different allocation methods on health outcomes. The authors present a resource allocation model that can be used to determine the allocation of HIV prevention funds that maximizes quality-adjusted life years (or life years) gained or HIV infections averted in a population over a specified time horizon. They apply the model to determine the allocation of a limited budget among 3 types of HIV prevention programs in a population of injection drug users and nonusers: needle exchange programs, methadone maintenance treatment, and condom availability programs. For each prevention program, the authors estimate a production function that relates the amount invested to the associated change in risky behavior. The authors determine the optimal allocation of funds for both objective functions for a high-prevalence population and a low-prevalence population. They also consider the allocation of funds under several common rules of thumb that are used to allocate HIV prevention resources. It is shown that simpler allocation methods (e.g., allocation based on HIV incidence or notions of equity among population groups) may lead to alloctions that do not yield the maximum health benefit. The optimal allocation of HIV prevention funds in a population depends on HIV prevalence and incidence, the objective function, the production functions for the prevention programs, and other factors. Consideration of cost, equity, and social and political norms may be important when allocating HIV prevention funds. The model presented in this article can help decision makers determine the health consequences of different allocations of funds.

Design of exploration and minerals-data-collection programs in developing areas

USGS Publications Warehouse

Attanasi, E.D.

1981-01-01

This paper considers the practical problem of applying economic analysis to designing minerals exploration and data collection strategies for developing countries. Formal decision rules for the design of government exploration and minerals-data-collection programs are derived by using a minerals-industry planning model that has been extended to include an exploration function. Rules derived are applicable to centrally planned minerals industries as well as market-oriented minerals sectors. They pertain to the spatial allocation of exploration effort and to the allocation of activities between government and private concerns for market-oriented economies. Programs characterized by uniform expenditures, uniform information coverage across regions, or uniform-density grid drilling progrmas are shown to be inferior to the strategy derived. Moreover, for market-oriented economies, the economically optimal mix in exploration activities between private and government data collection would require that only private firms assess local sites and that government agencies carry out regional surveys. ?? 1981.

A Time Allocation Study of University Faculty

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Link, Albert N.; Swann, Christopher A.; Bozeman, Barry

2008-01-01

Many previous time allocation studies treat work as a single activity and examine trade-offs between work and other activities. This paper investigates the at-work allocation of time among teaching, research, grant writing and service by science and engineering faculty at top US research universities. We focus on the relationship between tenure…

Extreme D'Hondt and round-off effects in voting computations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Konstantinov, M. M.; Pelova, G. B.

2015-11-01

D'Hondt (or Jefferson) method and Hare-Niemeyer (or Hamilton) method are widely used worldwide for seat allocation in proportional systems. Everything seems to be well known in this area. However, this is not the case. For example the D'Hondt method can violate the quota rule from above but this effect is not analyzed as a function of the number of parties and/or the threshold used. Also, allocation methods are often implemented automatically as computer codes in machine arithmetic believing that following the IEEE standards for double precision binary arithmetics would guarantee correct results. Unfortunately this may not happen not only for double precision arithmetic (usually producing 15-16 true decimal digits) but also for any relative precision of the underlying binary machine arithmetics. This paper deals with the following new issues.Find conditions (threshold in particular) such that D'Hondt seat allocation violates maximally the quota rule. Analyze possible influence of rounding errors in the automatic implementation of Hare-Niemeyer method in machine arithmetic.Concerning the first issue, it is known that the maximal deviation of D'Hondt allocation from upper quota for the Bulgarian proportional system (240 MP and 4% barrier) is 5. This fact had been established in 1991. A classical treatment of voting issues is the monograph [1], while electoral problems specific for Bulgaria have been treated in [2, 4]. The effect of threshold on extreme seat allocations is also analyzed in [3]. Finally we would like to stress that Voting Theory may sometimes be mathematically trivial but always has great political impact. This is a strong motivation for further investigations in this area.

The benefit of using additional hydrological information from earth observations and reanalysis data on water allocation decisions in irrigation districts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kaune, Alexander; López, Patricia; Werner, Micha; de Fraiture, Charlotte

2017-04-01

Hydrological information on water availability and demand is vital for sound water allocation decisions in irrigation districts, particularly in times of water scarcity. However, sub-optimal water allocation decisions are often taken with incomplete hydrological information, which may lead to agricultural production loss. In this study we evaluate the benefit of additional hydrological information from earth observations and reanalysis data in supporting decisions in irrigation districts. Current water allocation decisions were emulated through heuristic operational rules for water scarce and water abundant conditions in the selected irrigation districts. The Dynamic Water Balance Model based on the Budyko framework was forced with precipitation datasets from interpolated ground measurements, remote sensing and reanalysis data, to determine the water availability for irrigation. Irrigation demands were estimated based on estimates of potential evapotranspiration and coefficient for crops grown, adjusted with the interpolated precipitation data. Decisions made using both current and additional hydrological information were evaluated through the rate at which sub-optimal decisions were made. The decisions made using an amended set of decision rules that benefit from additional information on demand in the districts were also evaluated. Results show that sub-optimal decisions can be reduced in the planning phase through improved estimates of water availability. Where there are reliable observations of water availability through gauging stations, the benefit of the improved precipitation data is found in the improved estimates of demand, equally leading to a reduction of sub-optimal decisions.

Spot the difference: Operational event sequence diagrams as a formal method for work allocation in the development of single-pilot operations for commercial aircraft.

PubMed

Harris, Don; Stanton, Neville A; Starr, Alison

2015-01-01

Function Allocation methods are important for the appropriate allocation of tasks between humans and automated systems. It is proposed that Operational Event Sequence Diagrams (OESDs) provide a simple yet rigorous basis upon which allocation of work can be assessed. This is illustrated with respect to a design concept for a passenger aircraft flown by just a single pilot where the objective is to replace or supplement functions normally undertaken by the second pilot with advanced automation. A scenario-based analysis (take off) was used in which there would normally be considerable demands and interactions with the second pilot. The OESD analyses indicate those tasks that would be suitable for allocation to automated assistance on the flight deck and those tasks that are now redundant in this new configuration (something that other formal Function Allocation approaches cannot identify). Furthermore, OESDs are demonstrated to be an easy to apply and flexible approach to the allocation of function in prospective systems. OESDs provide a simple yet rigorous basis upon which allocation of work can be assessed. The technique can deal with the flexible, dynamic allocation of work and the deletion of functions no longer required. This is illustrated using a novel design concept for a single-crew commercial aircraft.

Methodology to Support Dynamic Function Allocation Policies Between Humans and Flight Deck Automation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Johnson, Eric N.

2012-01-01

Function allocation assigns work functions to all agents in a team, both human and automation. Efforts to guide function allocation systematically have been studied in many fields such as engineering, human factors, team and organization design, management science, cognitive systems engineering. Each field focuses on certain aspects of function allocation, but not all; thus, an independent discussion of each does not address all necessary aspects of function allocation. Four distinctive perspectives have emerged from this comprehensive review of literature on those fields: the technology-centered, human-centered, team-oriented, and work-oriented perspectives. Each perspective focuses on different aspects of function allocation: capabilities and characteristics of agents (automation or human), structure and strategy of a team, and work structure and environment. This report offers eight issues with function allocation that can be used to assess the extent to which each of issues exist on a given function allocation. A modeling framework using formal models and simulation was developed to model work as described by the environment, agents, their inherent dynamics, and relationships among them. Finally, to validate the framework and metrics, a case study modeled four different function allocations between a pilot and flight deck automation during the arrival and approach phases of flight.

48 CFR 31.201-2 - Determining allowability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Board, if applicable, otherwise, generally accepted accounting principles and practices appropriate to...) Certain cost principles in this subpart incorporate the measurement, assignment, and allocability rules of... the contract and the requirements of the standards themselves. (c) When contractor accounting...

A Review of Selected Models.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-02-01

evacuation, essential maintenance, transportation, decontamination, and field services (i.e., replacements, graves registration, finance , etc.). 2...such logic through the tactical decision rules input by the user. With such a device, the UNICORN nuclear weapons 78 -T -- : I-, -- r, Pow- allocation

76 FR 32407 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request for Regulation Project

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-06

... acquisition'') when an appropriate election is made. Section 1060 provides rules for the allocation of... reflected in the burden of Form 8594. The burden for the collection of information in Sec. 1.338- 2T(e)(4...

Computer software tool REALM for sustainable water allocation and management.

PubMed

Perera, B J C; James, B; Kularathna, M D U

2005-12-01

REALM (REsource ALlocation Model) is a generalised computer simulation package that models harvesting and bulk distribution of water resources within a water supply system. It is a modeling tool, which can be applied to develop specific water allocation models. Like other water resource simulation software tools, REALM uses mass-balance accounting at nodes, while the movement of water within carriers is subject to capacity constraints. It uses a fast network linear programming algorithm to optimise the water allocation within the network during each simulation time step, in accordance with user-defined operating rules. This paper describes the main features of REALM and provides potential users with an appreciation of its capabilities. In particular, it describes two case studies covering major urban and rural water supply systems. These case studies illustrate REALM's capabilities in the use of stochastically generated data in water supply planning and management, modelling of environmental flows, and assessing security of supply issues.

Soft cooperation systems and games

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fernández, J. R.; Gallego, I.; Jiménez-Losada, A.; Ordóñez, M.

2018-04-01

A cooperative game for a set of agents establishes a fair allocation of the profit obtained for their cooperation. In order to obtain this allocation, a characteristic function is known. It establishes the profit of each coalition of agents if this coalition decides to act alone. Originally players are considered symmetric and then the allocation only depends on the characteristic function; this paper is about cooperative games with an asymmetric set of agents. We introduced cooperative games with a soft set of agents which explains those parameters determining the asymmetry among them in the cooperation. Now the characteristic function is defined not over the coalitions but over the soft coalitions, namely the profit depends not only on the formed coalition but also on the attributes considered for the players in the coalition. The best known of the allocation rules for cooperative games is the Shapley value. We propose a Shapley kind solution for soft games.

Economic Observation in 3Q E-business Fight - According to Analysis of Resource Allocation and Contract

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kuang, Ruihu; Chen, Zeming; Kuang, Juchi

Based on relation of resource allocation and marginal benefit of e-commence provider, both of origin and essence of the 3Q e-business fight were analyzed; and then contents of the contract between e-business company and users were elaborated. Moreover, liability for Qihoo's breach of the contract in 3Q e-business fight was discussed. Analysis of the contract indicated that blame of infringing on privacy of users from public, media or even a law professor for Tengxun Company is not exactly justicial. Some controversial rules which are not fit for usual practices in the QQ contract such as narrow definition of privacy were found out, whose reason lies in no relevant e-business standards or rules in our country. In the end, this passage points out that actions of government who intervened in market operations of Tengxun Company and QQ Company are inappropriate and unnecessary. Thus, responsibility for facing up to incomplete market rules of e-commence lies with government and government should strengthen market supervision by legislation so as to guide healthy development of e-business market, which is a key lesson we learn from the 3Q e-business fight.

Generalized DSS shell for developing simulation and optimization hydro-economic models of complex water resources systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pulido-Velazquez, Manuel; Lopez-Nicolas, Antonio; Harou, Julien J.; Andreu, Joaquin

2013-04-01

Hydrologic-economic models allow integrated analysis of water supply, demand and infrastructure management at the river basin scale. These models simultaneously analyze engineering, hydrology and economic aspects of water resources management. Two new tools have been designed to develop models within this approach: a simulation tool (SIM_GAMS), for models in which water is allocated each month based on supply priorities to competing uses and system operating rules, and an optimization tool (OPT_GAMS), in which water resources are allocated optimally following economic criteria. The characterization of the water resource network system requires a connectivity matrix representing the topology of the elements, generated using HydroPlatform. HydroPlatform, an open-source software platform for network (node-link) models, allows to store, display and export all information needed to characterize the system. Two generic non-linear models have been programmed in GAMS to use the inputs from HydroPlatform in simulation and optimization models. The simulation model allocates water resources on a monthly basis, according to different targets (demands, storage, environmental flows, hydropower production, etc.), priorities and other system operating rules (such as reservoir operating rules). The optimization model's objective function is designed so that the system meets operational targets (ranked according to priorities) each month while following system operating rules. This function is analogous to the one used in the simulation module of the DSS AQUATOOL. Each element of the system has its own contribution to the objective function through unit cost coefficients that preserve the relative priority rank and the system operating rules. The model incorporates groundwater and stream-aquifer interaction (allowing conjunctive use simulation) with a wide range of modeling options, from lumped and analytical approaches to parameter-distributed models (eigenvalue approach). Such functionality is not typically included in other water DSS. Based on the resulting water resources allocation, the model calculates operating and water scarcity costs caused by supply deficits based on economic demand functions for each demand node. The optimization model allocates the available resource over time based on economic criteria (net benefits from demand curves and cost functions), minimizing the total water scarcity and operating cost of water use. This approach provides solutions that optimize the economic efficiency (as total net benefit) in water resources management over the optimization period. Both models must be used together in water resource planning and management. The optimization model provides an initial insight on economically efficient solutions, from which different operating rules can be further developed and tested using the simulation model. The hydro-economic simulation model allows assessing economic impacts of alternative policies or operating criteria, avoiding the perfect foresight issues associated with the optimization. The tools have been applied to the Jucar river basin (Spain) in order to assess the economic results corresponding to the current modus operandi of the system and compare them with the solution from the optimization that maximizes economic efficiency. Acknowledgments: The study has been partially supported by the European Community 7th Framework Project (GENESIS project, n. 226536) and the Plan Nacional I+D+I 2008-2011 of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (CGL2009-13238-C02-01 and CGL2009-13238-C02-02).

Graph theoretical stable allocation as a tool for reproduction of control by human operators

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

van Nooijen, Ronald; Ertsen, Maurits; Kolechkina, Alla

2016-04-01

During the design of central control algorithms for existing water resource systems under manual control it is important to consider the interaction with parts of the system that remain under manual control and to compare the proposed new system with the existing manual methods. In graph theory the "stable allocation" problem has good solution algorithms and allows for formulation of flow distribution problems in terms of priorities. As a test case for the use of this approach we used the algorithm to derive water allocation rules for the Gezira Scheme, an irrigation system located between the Blue and White Niles south of Khartoum. In 1925, Gezira started with 300,000 acres; currently it covers close to two million acres.

47 CFR 2.801 - Radiofrequency device defined.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

....801 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION GENERAL FREQUENCY ALLOCATIONS AND RADIO TREATY MATTERS; GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS Marketing of Radio-frequency Devices § 2.801 Radiofrequency device..., but are not limited to: (a) The various types of radio communication transmitting devices described...

Bayesian selective response-adaptive design using the historical control.

PubMed

Kim, Mi-Ok; Harun, Nusrat; Liu, Chunyan; Khoury, Jane C; Broderick, Joseph P

2018-06-13

High quality historical control data, if incorporated, may reduce sample size, trial cost, and duration. A too optimistic use of the data, however, may result in bias under prior-data conflict. Motivated by well-publicized two-arm comparative trials in stroke, we propose a Bayesian design that both adaptively incorporates historical control data and selectively adapt the treatment allocation ratios within an ongoing trial responsively to the relative treatment effects. The proposed design differs from existing designs that borrow from historical controls. As opposed to reducing the number of subjects assigned to the control arm blindly, this design does so adaptively to the relative treatment effects only if evaluation of cumulated current trial data combined with the historical control suggests the superiority of the intervention arm. We used the effective historical sample size approach to quantify borrowed information on the control arm and modified the treatment allocation rules of the doubly adaptive biased coin design to incorporate the quantity. The modified allocation rules were then implemented under the Bayesian framework with commensurate priors addressing prior-data conflict. Trials were also more frequently concluded earlier in line with the underlying truth, reducing trial cost, and duration and yielded parameter estimates with smaller standard errors. © 2018 The Authors. Statistics in Medicine Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

34 CFR 675.42 - Allocation and reallocation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 34 Education 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Allocation and reallocation. 675.42 Section 675.42 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education (Continued) OFFICE OF POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION FEDERAL WORK-STUDY PROGRAMS Work-Colleges Program § 675.42 Allocation and...

26 CFR 1.861-14 - Special rules for allocating and apportioning certain expenses (other than interest expense) of...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... chains of includible corporations connected through 80-percent stock ownership with a common parent... basis of assets is chosen, the average amount of assets (tax book value or fair market value) for the...

Ethnic Variation in Classroom Interaction: Myth or Reality.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kumaravadivelu, B.

1990-01-01

A study of ethnic variation supports the hypothesis that rules/norms governing second-language classroom interactional patterns are affected by the teacher's pedagogical orientation and turn allocation management, learner disposition/motivation toward participation, and interactional opportunities. It cautions against hasty linkages between…

Portfolio theory and the alternative decision rule of cost-effectiveness analysis: theoretical and practical considerations.

PubMed

Sendi, Pedram; Al, Maiwenn J; Gafni, Amiram; Birch, Stephen

2004-05-01

Bridges and Terris (Soc. Sci. Med. (2004)) critique our paper on the alternative decision rule of economic evaluation in the presence of uncertainty and constrained resources within the context of a portfolio of health care programs (Sendi et al. Soc. Sci. Med. 57 (2003) 2207). They argue that by not adopting a formal portfolio theory approach we overlook the optimal solution. We show that these arguments stem from a fundamental misunderstanding of the alternative decision rule of economic evaluation. In particular, the portfolio theory approach advocated by Bridges and Terris is based on the same theoretical assumptions that the alternative decision rule set out to relax. Moreover, Bridges and Terris acknowledge that the proposed portfolio theory approach may not identify the optimal solution to resource allocation problems. Hence, it provides neither theoretical nor practical improvements to the proposed alternative decision rule.

75 FR 25004 - Program for Allocation of Regulatory Responsibilities Pursuant to Rule 17d-2; Order Approving and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-06

... informational advantages that could place an affiliated member of an exchange at a competitive advantage vis... Member'').\\14\\ For purposes of the proposed 17d-2 Plan, Ballista would meet the definition of the term...

75 FR 55833 - Program for Allocation of Regulatory Responsibilities Pursuant to Rule 17d-2; Order Approving and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-14

... Securities Exchange Act Release No. 62657 (August 5, 2010), 75 FR 49005 (August 12, 2010). I. Introduction... members' advertising, and the arbitration of disputes under the Plan.\\12\\ On May 30, 1980, the Commission...

47 CFR 2.815 - External radio frequency power amplifiers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false External radio frequency power amplifiers. 2.815 Section 2.815 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION GENERAL FREQUENCY ALLOCATIONS AND RADIO TREATY MATTERS; GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS Marketing of Radio-frequency Devices § 2.815...

47 CFR 2.1201 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION GENERAL FREQUENCY ALLOCATIONS AND RADIO TREATY MATTERS; GENERAL.... (a) In order to carry out its responsibilities under the Communications Act and the various treaties... prerequisite for marketing and importing this equipment into the U.S.A. The marketing rules, § 2.801 et seq...

47 CFR 2.815 - External radio frequency power amplifiers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false External radio frequency power amplifiers. 2.815 Section 2.815 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION GENERAL FREQUENCY ALLOCATIONS AND RADIO TREATY MATTERS; GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS Marketing of Radio-frequency Devices § 2.815...

A generalized forest growth projection system applied to the Lake States region.

Treesearch

USDA FS

1979-01-01

A collection of 12 papers describing the need, design, calibration database, potential diameter growth function, crown ratio, modifier, and mortality functions, as well as a diameter growth allocation rule, management algorithms, computer program, tests, and Lake State climate during calibration.

26 CFR 1.861-11 - Special rules for allocating and apportioning interest expense of an affiliated group of...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... group as one or more chains of includible corporations connected through 80-percent stock ownership with... indirect ownership under § 1.861-11T(d)(6). The Commissioner shall have the authority to disregard trusts...

When time is more than money: the allocation of time between work and leisure in HIV-infected patients.

PubMed

Sendi, Pedram; Brouwer, Werner B F; Bucher, Heiner C; Weber, Rainer; Battegay, Manuel

2007-06-01

Time is a limited resource and individuals have to decide how many hours they should allocate to work and to leisure activities. Differences in wage rate or availability of non-labour income (financial support from families and savings) may influence how individuals allocate their time between work and leisure. An increase in wage rate may induce income effects (leisure time demanded increases) and substitution effects (leisure time demanded decreases) whereas an increase in non-labour income only induces income effects. We explored the effects of differences in wage rate and non-labour income on the allocation of time in HIV-infected patients. Patients enrolled in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS) provided information on their time allocation, i.e. number of hours worked in 1998. A multinomial logistic regression model was used to test for income and substitution effects. Our results indicate that (i) the allocation of time in HIV-infected patients does not differ with level of education (i.e., wage rate), and that (ii) availability of non-labour income induces income effects, i.e. individuals demand more leisure time.

Development and Application of a Taiwan Domestic Generalized Water Supply Model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ho, C. C.; Chang, L. C.

2016-12-01

Water allocation in Taiwan is more complicated than other countries because high river turbidity caused by rainstorm, reservoir management governed by different organization and conjunctive use of inter-basin reservoirs and dams. Those properties cause water resource planners need make extra effort on developing customized model to simulate the impact of water supply strategies on water resources. Hence, the study develops a Generalized Water Supply Model (GWSM) to analysis Multi-reservoirs water allocation in Taiwan for advancing the planning process. The model has following functions: (1) considering reservoirs operating rule curve. (2) considering the rule of multi-reservoir operation. Such as setting supply priority of different reservoirs or using "index balance" rule. (3) considering optimal hydroelectric power operation. (4) estimating the impact of high river turbidity on water supply. (5) considering the supply priority of different water use. (6) considering irrigation supply under special constraint. Such as the maximum irrigation supply is subject to natural inflow without reservoir storage. (7) considering two-way conduit transport. (8) considering environmental flow reservation. Conjunctive use Taan and Dajia Rivers was selected to demonstrate the ability of GWSM. The results also can be provided to different authorities to realize the impact of different strategies and that is good for negotiation and reaching a consensus.

Early detection surveillance for an emerging plant pathogen: a rule of thumb to predict prevalence at first discovery.

PubMed

Parnell, S; Gottwald, T R; Cunniffe, N J; Alonso Chavez, V; van den Bosch, F

2015-09-07

Emerging plant pathogens are a significant problem for conservation and food security. Surveillance is often instigated in an attempt to detect an invading epidemic before it gets out of control. Yet in practice many epidemics are not discovered until already at a high prevalence, partly due to a lack of quantitative understanding of how surveillance effort and the dynamics of an invading epidemic relate. We test a simple rule of thumb to determine, for a surveillance programme taking a fixed number of samples at regular intervals, the distribution of the prevalence an epidemic will have reached on first discovery (discovery-prevalence) and its expectation E(q*). We show that E(q*) = r/(N/Δ), i.e. simply the rate of epidemic growth divided by the rate of sampling; where r is the epidemic growth rate, N is the sample size and Δ is the time between sampling rounds. We demonstrate the robustness of this rule of thumb using spatio-temporal epidemic models as well as data from real epidemics. Our work supports the view that, for the purposes of early detection surveillance, simple models can provide useful insights in apparently complex systems. The insight can inform decisions on surveillance resource allocation in plant health and has potential applicability to invasive species generally. © 2015 The Author(s).

Early detection surveillance for an emerging plant pathogen: a rule of thumb to predict prevalence at first discovery

PubMed Central

Parnell, S.; Gottwald, T. R.; Cunniffe, N. J.; Alonso Chavez, V.; van den Bosch, F.

2015-01-01

Emerging plant pathogens are a significant problem for conservation and food security. Surveillance is often instigated in an attempt to detect an invading epidemic before it gets out of control. Yet in practice many epidemics are not discovered until already at a high prevalence, partly due to a lack of quantitative understanding of how surveillance effort and the dynamics of an invading epidemic relate. We test a simple rule of thumb to determine, for a surveillance programme taking a fixed number of samples at regular intervals, the distribution of the prevalence an epidemic will have reached on first discovery (discovery-prevalence) and its expectation E(q*). We show that E(q*) = r/(N/Δ), i.e. simply the rate of epidemic growth divided by the rate of sampling; where r is the epidemic growth rate, N is the sample size and Δ is the time between sampling rounds. We demonstrate the robustness of this rule of thumb using spatio-temporal epidemic models as well as data from real epidemics. Our work supports the view that, for the purposes of early detection surveillance, simple models can provide useful insights in apparently complex systems. The insight can inform decisions on surveillance resource allocation in plant health and has potential applicability to invasive species generally. PMID:26336177

Game Theoretic Modeling of Water Resources Allocation Under Hydro-Climatic Uncertainty

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brown, C.; Lall, U.; Siegfried, T.

2005-12-01

Typical hydrologic and economic modeling approaches rely on assumptions of climate stationarity and economic conditions of ideal markets and rational decision-makers. In this study, we incorporate hydroclimatic variability with a game theoretic approach to simulate and evaluate common water allocation paradigms. Game Theory may be particularly appropriate for modeling water allocation decisions. First, a game theoretic approach allows economic analysis in situations where price theory doesn't apply, which is typically the case in water resources where markets are thin, players are few, and rules of exchange are highly constrained by legal or cultural traditions. Previous studies confirm that game theory is applicable to water resources decision problems, yet applications and modeling based on these principles is only rarely observed in the literature. Second, there are numerous existing theoretical and empirical studies of specific games and human behavior that may be applied in the development of predictive water allocation models. With this framework, one can evaluate alternative orderings and rules regarding the fraction of available water that one is allowed to appropriate. Specific attributes of the players involved in water resources management complicate the determination of solutions to game theory models. While an analytical approach will be useful for providing general insights, the variety of preference structures of individual players in a realistic water scenario will likely require a simulation approach. We propose a simulation approach incorporating the rationality, self-interest and equilibrium concepts of game theory with an agent-based modeling framework that allows the distinct properties of each player to be expressed and allows the performance of the system to manifest the integrative effect of these factors. Underlying this framework, we apply a realistic representation of spatio-temporal hydrologic variability and incorporate the impact of decision-making a priori to hydrologic realizations and those made a posteriori on alternative allocation mechanisms. Outcomes are evaluated in terms of water productivity, net social benefit and equity. The performance of hydro-climate prediction modeling in each allocation mechanism will be assessed. Finally, year-to-year system performance and feedback pathways are explored. In this way, the system can be adaptively managed toward equitable and efficient water use.

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program: Nutrition Education and Obesity Prevention Grant Program. Final rule.

PubMed

2016-03-31

This rule adopts the interim rule implementing the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) nutrition education and obesity prevention grant program with changes as provided in this rule. This rule also amends SNAP regulations to implement section 28 of the Food and Nutrition Act (FNA) of 2008, as added by section 241 of the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act (HHFKA) of 2010, to award grants to States for provision of nutrition education and obesity prevention programs. These programs provide services for eligible individuals that promote healthy food choices consistent with the current Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGAs). The rule provides State agencies with requirements for implementing section 28, including the grant award process and describes the process for allocating the Federal grant funding for each State's approved SNAP-Ed plan authorized under the FNA to carry out nutrition education and obesity prevention services each fiscal year. This final rule also implements section 4028 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (Farm Bill of 2014), which authorizes physical activity promotion in addition to promotion of healthy food choices as part of this nutrition education and obesity prevention program.

Reconsidering the Division of Household Labor: Incorporating Volunteer Work and Informal Support

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

L. Hook, Jennifer

2004-01-01

The gendered division of household labor is more multifaceted than the allocation of paid work and domestic work. People also engage in volunteer work and informal support. I investigate the applicability of household labor allocation theories - specifically the time constraints, economic, and doing gender perspectives - to all unpaid work. I…

26 CFR 1.704-2 - Allocations attributable to nonrecourse liabilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... disparity. (4) Special rule for year of revaluation. (e) Requirements to be satisfied. (f) Minimum gain... encumbers, a disposition of that property will generate gain that at least equals that excess (“partnership.... (3) Definition of nonrecourse liability. Nonrecourse liability means a nonrecourse liability as...

Crowding, Proximity, Inmate Violence, and the Eighth Amendment.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Anson, Richard H.; Hancock, Barry W.

1992-01-01

Rejects federal court ruling that prison crowding must be considered in light of total space availability of given institution. Notes variability in body buffer zones for each individual inmate, aggression potential, and variability between violent and nonviolent inmates. Contends that correctional practitioners should allocate institutional space…

Political Issues in Gifted Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gallagher, James J.

2015-01-01

In this article, James J. Gallagher proposes that understanding the political issues and the debate surrounding the education of gifted students is based on the recognition that education policy (including rules, regulations, financial allocations, etc.) reflects social policy. Hence, society prioritizes needs so that the most important of these…

47 CFR 64.902 - Transactions with affiliates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

...) MISCELLANEOUS RULES RELATING TO COMMON CARRIERS Allocation of Costs § 64.902 Transactions with affiliates. Except for carriers which employ average schedules in lieu of determining their costs, all carriers... 47 Telecommunication 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Transactions with affiliates. 64.902 Section 64...

47 CFR 2.813 - Transmitters operated in the Instructional Television Fixed Service.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Transmitters operated in the Instructional Television Fixed Service. 2.813 Section 2.813 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION GENERAL FREQUENCY ALLOCATIONS AND RADIO TREATY MATTERS; GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS Marketing of Radio-frequency...

47 CFR 2.813 - Transmitters operated in the Instructional Television Fixed Service.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Transmitters operated in the Instructional Television Fixed Service. 2.813 Section 2.813 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION GENERAL FREQUENCY ALLOCATIONS AND RADIO TREATY MATTERS; GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS Marketing of Radio-frequency...

47 CFR 2.807 - Statutory exceptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION GENERAL FREQUENCY ALLOCATIONS AND RADIO TREATY MATTERS; GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS Marketing of Radio-frequency Devices § 2.807 Statutory exceptions. As provided by Section 302(c) of the Communications Act of 1934, as amended, § 2.803 shall not be applicable to: (a...

77 FR 39554 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE Arca, Inc.; Order Granting Approval of Proposed Rule Change...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-03

... investment objective by implementing a ``top-down'' portfolio management style. This management style begins...'' portfolio management style utilizes a tactical and globally diversified allocation strategy in an attempt to... open-end management investment company.\\4\\ The [[Page 39555

75 FR 59206 - Ketchikan-Misty Fiords Ranger District; Tongass National Forest; Alaska; Ketchikan-Misty Fiords...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-27

... full environmental analysis and decision-making process so interested and affected people may...;and investigations, committee meetings, agency decisions and rulings, #0;delegations of authority... Ketchikan- Misty Fiords Ranger District. The decision on the EIS will allocate recreation carrying capacity...

26 CFR 1.752-4 - Special rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... there is the highest percentage of related ownership. If two or more partners have the same percentage of related ownership and no other partner has a greater percentage, the liability is allocated equally among the partners having the equal percentages of related ownership. (ii) Natural persons. For...

Rational selective exploitation and distress: employee reactions to performance-based and mobility-based reward allocations.

PubMed

Rusbult, C E; Campbell, M A; Price, M E

1990-09-01

Prior research has demonstrated that allocators frequently distribute greater rewards to persons with high professional and geographic mobility than to persons with constrained mobility, especially among the very competent. This phenomenon has been termed rational selective exploitation. Do the recipients of such allocations actually experience this distribution rule as unjust and distressing, or is it a misnomer to refer to this phenomenon as exploitation? Two studies were conducted to explore this question. Study 1 was a laboratory experiment in which we manipulated relative performance level, relative mobility level, and allocation standard: performance based versus mobility based. Study 2 was a cross-sectional survey of actual employees in which subjects reported the degree to which performance and mobility were the basis for pay decisions at their places of employment, as well as the degree to which they perceived each standard to be fair. Both studies demonstrated that people regard mobility-based allocations as less fair and more distressing than performance-based allocations. Furthermore, the degree of distress resulting from mobility-based allocations is greater among persons who are disadvantaged by that standard: among people with constrained mobility, especially those who perform at high levels. These findings provide good support for the assertion that so-called rational selective exploitation is indeed distressing to employees. Reactions to this form of distress are also explored, and the implications of these findings for the allocation process are discussed.

The patient-physician relationship and the allocation of scarce resources: a law and economics approach.

PubMed

Mehlman, M J; Massey, S R

1994-12-01

Patients with insufficient financial resources place physicians in a conflict of interest between the patients' needs and the financial interests of the physician, other patients, and society. Not only must physicians act ethically, but they must avoid liability for violating their legal duties to their patients. The traditional rules of contract and malpractice law that govern the patient-physician relationship do not provide satisfactory guidelines. Better answers are found in the rules of fiduciary law, but only with regard to direct conflicts between patients and physicians and only at the risk of reducing patient access to care. Certain types of legislative action can resolve these conflicts by altering the traditional legal rules, but care must be taken to preserve patient-physician trust, which the legal rules were designed to enhance.

77 FR 45558 - 4.9 GHz Band

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-01

...The Commission allocated the 4940-4990 MHz (4.9 GHz) band in 2002 for fixed and mobile use and dedicated the band for public safety broadband communications. In the ten years since, the band has gone underutilized. The purpose of these proposed rules is to invigorate and maximize use of the 4.9 GHz band and attract more users while improving spectrum efficiency. The Commission seeks comment on formal coordination requirements, expanded eligibility, how the band can complement the 700 MHz public safety broadband network, technical rule changes, aeronautical mobile operations, interoperability standards, and deployment reporting.

34 CFR 673.4 - Allocation and reallocation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION GENERAL PROVISIONS FOR THE FEDERAL PERKINS LOAN PROGRAM, FEDERAL WORK... Federal Perkins Loan, FWS, and FSEOG Programs § 673.4 Allocation and reallocation. (a) Allocation and reallocation of Federal Perkins Loan funds. (1) The Secretary allocates Federal capital contributions to...

Resource allocation in health care and the role of personal autonomy.

PubMed

Gandjour, A

2015-03-01

Resource allocation decisions in health care require the consideration of ethical values. Major ethical theories include Amartya Sen's capability approach, Norman Daniels's theory of justice for health, and preference utilitarian theory. This paper argues that while only preference utilitarian theory explicitly considers the impact of an individual's actions on others, all 3 theories agree in terms of providing individual autonomy. Furthermore, it shows that all 3 theories emphasise the role of informed preferences in securing individual autonomy. Still, stressing personal autonomy has limited direct implications for priority setting. 2 priority rules for resource allocation could be identified: 1) to give priority to patients with mental disability (over those with pure physical disability); and 2) to give priority to patients with a large expected loss of autonomy without treatment. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

Fuel, environmental, and transmission pricing considerations in a deregulated environment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Obessis, Emmanouil Vlassios

The 1992 National Energy Policy Act drastically changed the traditional structure of the vertically integrated utility. To facilitate increased competition in the power utility sector, all markets related to power generation have been opened to free competition and trading. To survive in the new competitive environment, power producers need to reduce costs and increase efficiency. Fuel marketing strategies are thus, getting more aggressive and fuel markets are becoming more competitive, offering more options regarding fuel supplies and contracts. At the same time, the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments are taking effect. Although tightening the emission standards, this legislation offers utilities a wider flexibility in choosing compliance strategies. It also set maximum annual allowable levels replacing the traditional uniform maximum emission rates. The bill also introduced the concept of marketable emission allowances and provided for the establishment of nationwide markets where allowances may be traded, sold, or purchased. Several fuel- and emission-constrained algorithms have been historically presented, but those two classes of constraints, in general, were handled independently. The multiobjective optimization model developed in this research work, concurrently satisfies sets of detailed fuel and emission limits, modeling in a more accurate way the fuel supply and environmental limitations and their complexities in the new deregulated operational environment. Development of the implementation software is an integral part of this research project. This software may be useful for both daily scheduling activities and short-term operational planning. A Lagrangian multipliers-based variant is used to solve the problem. Single line searches are used to update the multipliers, thus offering attractive execution times. This work also investigates the applicability of cooperative games to the problem of transmission cost allocation. Interest in game theory as a powerful tool to solve common property allocation problems has been renewed. A simple allocation framework is developed using capacity based costing rules. Different solution concepts are applied to solve small scale transmission pricing problems. Game models may render themselves useful in investigating "what if" scenarios.

45 CFR 270.8 - How will we allocate the bonus award funds?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... will allocate and award $140 million to the ten States with the highest scores for each work measure as... Work Force—$21 million; (b) In FY 2002 and beyond, we will allocate and award $20 million to the ten States with the highest scores on the Food Stamp measures and $20 million to the ten States with the...

75 FR 25119 - Television Broadcasting Services; Seaford, DE

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-07

... FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION 47 CFR Part 73 [DA 10-698; MB Docket No. 09-230; RM-11586] Television Broadcasting Services; Seaford, DE AGENCY: Federal Communications Commission. ACTION: Final rule... forth in Section 331(a) of the Communications Act of 1934, as amended, to allocate not less than one...

26 CFR 1.263A-0 - Outline of regulations under section 263A.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...) Utilities. (O) Repairs and maintenance. (P) Engineering and design costs. (Q) Spoilage. (R) Tools and...) Engineering and design services. (F) Safety engineering services. (v) Accounting method change. (h) Simplified... mixed service costs. (7) Costs allocable to more than one business. (8) De minimis rule. (9) Separate...

26 CFR 1.263A-0 - Outline of regulations under section 263A.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

...) Utilities. (O) Repairs and maintenance. (P) Engineering and design costs. (Q) Spoilage. (R) Tools and...) Engineering and design services. (F) Safety engineering services. (v) Accounting method change. (h) Simplified... mixed service costs. (7) Costs allocable to more than one business. (8) De minimis rule. (9) Separate...

26 CFR 1.263A-0 - Outline of regulations under section 263A.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

...) Utilities. (O) Repairs and maintenance. (P) Engineering and design costs. (Q) Spoilage. (R) Tools and...) Engineering and design services. (F) Safety engineering services. (v) Accounting method change. (h) Simplified... mixed service costs. (7) Costs allocable to more than one business. (8) De minimis rule. (9) Separate...

26 CFR 1.263A-0 - Outline of regulations under section 263A.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

...) Utilities. (O) Repairs and maintenance. (P) Engineering and design costs. (Q) Spoilage. (R) Tools and...) Engineering and design services. (F) Safety engineering services. (v) Accounting method change. (h) Simplified... mixed service costs. (7) Costs allocable to more than one business. (8) De minimis rule. (9) Separate...

26 CFR 1.861-12T - Characterization rules and adjustments for certain assets (temporary).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... income. As a result of this direct allocation, the value of X's assets generating foreign source general... characterizing the stock in controlled foreign corporations. Paragraph (c)(4) of this section describes the... foreign corporations. Paragraph (e) of this section describes the treatment of certain portfolio...

40 CFR Appendix A to Part 97 - Final Section 126 Rule: EGU Allocations, 2004-2007

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... VA POSSUM POINT 3804 4 528 VA POSSUM POINT 3804 5 322 VA POTOMAC RIVER 3788 1 203 VA POTOMAC RIVER 3788 2 139 VA POTOMAC RIVER 3788 3 232 VA POTOMAC RIVER 3788 4 223 VA POTOMAC RIVER 3788 5 222 VA SEI...

40 CFR Appendix A to Part 97 - Final Section 126 Rule: EGU Allocations, 2004-2007

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... VA POSSUM POINT 3804 4 528 VA POSSUM POINT 3804 5 322 VA POTOMAC RIVER 3788 1 203 VA POTOMAC RIVER 3788 2 139 VA POTOMAC RIVER 3788 3 232 VA POTOMAC RIVER 3788 4 223 VA POTOMAC RIVER 3788 5 222 VA SEI...

40 CFR Appendix A to Part 97 - Final Section 126 Rule: EGU Allocations, 2004-2007

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... VA POSSUM POINT 3804 4 528 VA POSSUM POINT 3804 5 322 VA POTOMAC RIVER 3788 1 203 VA POTOMAC RIVER 3788 2 139 VA POTOMAC RIVER 3788 3 232 VA POTOMAC RIVER 3788 4 223 VA POTOMAC RIVER 3788 5 222 VA SEI...

75 FR 29374 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; The Depository Trust Company; Notice of Filing and Immediate...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-25

... automation. For instance, Participants could identify appropriate tax treatment prior to allocation which... offer greater automation and efficiency to consent solicitation collection, which is currently a manual... submit written data, views and arguments concerning the foregoing, including whether the proposed rule...

76 FR 24363 - Adjudication and Enforcement

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-02

... proceedings under section 337 of the Tariff Act of 1930. The Supplement to the Strategic Human Capital Plan... in another subset of cases. In order to better allocate its resources, OUII may have to assign... in the Federal Register. The new rule will have no substantive effect on Commission practice in...

26 CFR 1.467-0 - Table of contents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

.... (iii) Rent allocated to a calendar year. (iv) Examples. (4) Rental agreements involving total payments... modification of a rental agreement. (1) Treatment as new agreement. (i) In general. (ii) Limitation. (2) Post...) Examples. § 1.467-3Disqualified leasebacks and long-term agreements. (a) General rule. (b) Disqualified...

47 CFR 2.945 - Sampling tests of equipment compliance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Sampling tests of equipment compliance. 2.945 Section 2.945 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION GENERAL FREQUENCY ALLOCATIONS AND RADIO TREATY MATTERS; GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS Equipment Authorization Procedures Conditions Attendant to An Equipment Authorization § 2.945...

75 FR 64755 - Program for Allocation of Regulatory Responsibilities Pursuant to Rule 17d-2; Notice of Filing...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-20

... American Stock Exchange LLC, BATS Exchange, Inc., BATS Y-Exchange, Inc., Chicago Board Options Exchange, Incorporated, Chicago Stock Exchange, Inc., EDGA Exchange, Inc., EDGX Exchange, Inc., Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc., International Securities Exchange, LLC, The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC, National...

75 FR 21051 - Program for Allocation of Regulatory Responsibilities Pursuant to Rule 17d-2; Notice of Filing...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-22

... American Stock Exchange LLC, BATS Exchange, Inc., Chicago Board Options Exchange, Incorporated, Chicago Stock Exchange, Inc., EDGA Exchange, Inc., EDGX Exchange, Inc., Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc., International Securities Exchange, LLC, The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC, National Stock Exchange...

47 CFR 2.937 - Equipment defect and/or design change.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Equipment defect and/or design change. 2.937 Section 2.937 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION GENERAL FREQUENCY ALLOCATIONS AND RADIO TREATY MATTERS; GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS Equipment Authorization Procedures Conditions Attendant to An Equipment Authorization § 2.937...

47 CFR 18.301 - Operating frequencies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION GENERAL INDUSTRIAL, SCIENTIFIC, AND MEDICAL EQUIPMENT Technical... as indicated in § 18.303. The following frequency bands, in accordance with § 2.106 of the rules, are... ±15 kHz frequency band is subject to the conditions of footnote 524 of the Table of Allocations. See...

26 CFR 1.861-17 - Allocation and apportionment of research and experimental expenditures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... of the group has changed methods. (f) Special rules for partnerships—(1) Research and experimental... and Wiring Equipment (SIC Industry Group 364). Thus, X's research and experimental expenses are... experimental expenditures. 1.861-17 Section 1.861-17 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF...

26 CFR 1.861-17 - Allocation and apportionment of research and experimental expenditures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... of the group has changed methods. (f) Special rules for partnerships—(1) Research and experimental... and Wiring Equipment (SIC Industry Group 364). Thus, X's research and experimental expenses are... experimental expenditures. 1.861-17 Section 1.861-17 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF...

26 CFR 1.861-17 - Allocation and apportionment of research and experimental expenditures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... of the group has changed methods. (f) Special rules for partnerships—(1) Research and experimental... and Wiring Equipment (SIC Industry Group 364). Thus, X's research and experimental expenses are... experimental expenditures. 1.861-17 Section 1.861-17 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF...

26 CFR 1.861-17 - Allocation and apportionment of research and experimental expenditures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... of the group has changed methods. (f) Special rules for partnerships—(1) Research and experimental... and Wiring Equipment (SIC Industry Group 364). Thus, X's research and experimental expenses are... experimental expenditures. 1.861-17 Section 1.861-17 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF...

26 CFR 1.861-17 - Allocation and apportionment of research and experimental expenditures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... of the group has changed methods. (f) Special rules for partnerships—(1) Research and experimental... and Wiring Equipment (SIC Industry Group 364). Thus, X's research and experimental expenses are... experimental expenditures. 1.861-17 Section 1.861-17 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF...

75 FR 36147 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Chicago Board Options Exchange, Incorporated; Order Approving...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-24

..., as Modified by Amendment No. 1 Thereto, Related to the Hybrid Matching Algorithms June 17, 2010. On... Hybrid System. Each rule currently provides allocation algorithms the Exchange can utilize when executing incoming electronic orders, including the Ultimate Matching Algorithm (``UMA''), and price-time and pro...

47 CFR 2.811 - Transmitters operated under part 73 of this chapter.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Transmitters operated under part 73 of this chapter. 2.811 Section 2.811 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION GENERAL FREQUENCY ALLOCATIONS AND RADIO TREATY MATTERS; GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS Marketing of Radio-frequency Devices § 2...

47 CFR 2.811 - Transmitters operated under part 73 of this chapter.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Transmitters operated under part 73 of this chapter. 2.811 Section 2.811 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION GENERAL FREQUENCY ALLOCATIONS AND RADIO TREATY MATTERS; GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS Marketing of Radio-frequency Devices § 2...

75 FR 1285 - Vehicle-Mounted Earth Stations (VMES)

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-11

... Earth Stations (VMES) AGENCY: Federal Communications Commission. ACTION: Final Rule; announcement of...-Mounted Earth Stations in Certain Frequency Bands Allocated to the Fixed-Satellite Service, IB Docket No...(i), 4(j), 7(a), 301, 303(c), 303(f), 303(g), 303(r), 303(y) and 308 of the Communications Act of...

77 FR 1761 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE Arca, Inc.; Order Granting Approval of Proposed Rule Change...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-11

... quantitative research and evaluation process that forecasts economic excess sector returns (over/under the... proprietary SectorSAM quantitative research and evaluation process. \\8\\ The following convictions constitute... Allocation Methodology'' (``SectorSAM''), which is a proprietary quantitative analysis, to forecast each...

77 FR 20749 - Investment Company Advertising: Target Date Retirement Fund Names and Marketing

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-06

... Names and Marketing AGENCY: Securities and Exchange Commission. ACTION: Proposed rule; reopening of... use of the fund's name in marketing materials; require marketing materials for target date retirement... a statement that would highlight the fund's final asset allocation; require a statement in marketing...

CATV: The New Communicator. 21st Annual NCTA Convention Official Transcript. Technical Volume.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Cable Television Association, Inc., Washington, DC.

The proceedings of the 21st annual National Cable Television Association convention are presented under the following groupings: short haul microwave systems, satellite/cable system engineering, market studies, FCC (Federal Communications Commission) technical rules and standards, program origination, cable channel allocations, cable system…

26 CFR 1.755-1 - Rules for allocation of basis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Provisions Common to Part II, Subchapter K, Chapter 1 of the Code § 1...) property (capital gain property), and any other property of the partnership (ordinary income property). For purposes of this section, properties and potential gain treated as unrealized receivables under section 751...

26 CFR 1.755-1 - Rules for allocation of basis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Provisions Common to Part II, Subchapter K, Chapter 1 of the Code § 1...) property (capital gain property), and any other property of the partnership (ordinary income property). For purposes of this section, properties and potential gain treated as unrealized receivables under section 751...

26 CFR 1.755-1 - Rules for allocation of basis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Provisions Common to Part II, Subchapter K, Chapter 1 of the Code § 1...) property (capital gain property), and any other property of the partnership (ordinary income property). For purposes of this section, properties and potential gain treated as unrealized receivables under section 751...

26 CFR 1.755-1 - Rules for allocation of basis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Provisions Common to Part II, Subchapter K, Chapter 1 of the Code § 1...) property (capital gain property), and any other property of the partnership (ordinary income property). For purposes of this section, properties and potential gain treated as unrealized receivables under section 751...

29 CFR 4044.10 - Manner of allocation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... benefits under the plan using the rules and procedures set forth in paragraphs (b) through (f) of this... terminated plan shall be assigned to one or more priority categories in accordance with §§ 4044.11 through 4044.16. Benefits derived from voluntary employee contributions, which are assigned only to priority...

75 FR 76921 - Tobacco Transition Payment Program; Tobacco Transition Assessments

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-10

... rule; technical amendment. SUMMARY: The Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) is modifying the regulations... domestic volume of each class. This means that CCC will continue to determine tobacco class allocations... technical amendment does not change how the TTPP is implemented by CCC, but rather clarifies the wording of...

47 CFR 25.217 - Default service rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... licenses to operate a satellite system in a frequency band granted after a domestic frequency allocation... the procedure set forth in § 25.142(b)(2)(ii). (3) Mobile earth station licensees authorized to... addition, earth station licensees authorized to operate with one or more space stations described in...

New paradigms for organ allocation and distribution in liver transplantation.

PubMed

Kalra, Avash; Biggins, Scott W

2018-05-01

The 'Final Rule,' issued by the Health Resources and Service Administration in 2000, mandated that liver allocation policy should be based on disease severity and probability of death, and - among other factors - should be independent of a candidate's residence or listing. As a result, the Organ Procurement Transplantation Network/United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) has explored policy changes addressing geographic disparities without compromising outcomes. Major paradigm shifts are underway in U.S. liver allocation policy. New hepatocellular carcinoma exception policy incorporates tumor characteristics associated with posttransplantation outcomes, whereas a National Liver Review Board will promote a standardized process for awarding exception points. Meanwhile, following extensive debate, new allocation policy aims to reduce geographic disparity by broadening sharing to the UNOS region and 150-mile circle around the donor hospital for liver transplant candidates with a calculated model for end-stage liver disease score at least 32. Unnecessary organ travel will be reduced by granting 3 'proximity points' to candidates within the same donation service area (DSA) as a liver donor or within 150 nautical miles of the donor hospital, regardless of DSA or UNOS region. This review provides an evaluation of major policy changes in liver allocation from 2016 to 2018.

The coming changes in tax-exempt health care finance.

PubMed

Carlile, L L; Serchuk, B M

1995-01-01

On December 30, 1994, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) published proposed regulations (Proposed Regulations) that if enacted would significantly change the climate and rules of federal income tax law controlling the issuance and maintenance of tax-exempt bonds for governmental and 501(c)(3) health care borrowers. This article (1) summarizes the aspects of the Proposed Regulations dealing with private activity tests, management contracts, allocation and accounting rules, change in use of financed facilities, and antiabuse rules, and (2) summarizes the possible interrelationship of the IRS's audit program for tax-exempt bonds and the Proposed Regulations. The article reviews features of the Proposed Regulations that will affect either the costs or administrative burdens of managing the federal tax compliance of future tax-exempt health care borrowings.

Work hours affect spouse's cortisol secretion--for better and for worse.

PubMed

Klumb, Petra; Hoppmann, Christiane; Staats, Melanie

2006-01-01

In a sample of 52 German dual-earner couples with at least one child under age 5, we examined the bodily costs and benefits of the amount of time each spouse spent on productive activities. Diary reports of time allocated to formal and informal work activities were analyzed according to the Actor-Partner Interdependence model. Hierarchical linear models showed that each hour an individual allocated to market, as well as household work, increased his or her total cortisol concentration (by 192 and 134 nmol/l, respectively). Unexpectedly, the time the spouse allocated to paid work also raised an individual's total cortisol concentration (by 64 nmol/l). In line with our expectations, there was a tendency for the time the spouse allocated to household work to decrease the individual's cortisol concentration (by 81 nmol/l). This study contributes to the body of evidence on the complex nature of social relationships and complements the literature on specific working conditions and couples' well-being.

Dynamic water allocation policies improve the global efficiency of storage systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Niayifar, Amin; Perona, Paolo

2017-06-01

Water impoundment by dams strongly affects the river natural flow regime, its attributes and the related ecosystem biodiversity. Fostering the sustainability of water uses e.g., hydropower systems thus implies searching for innovative operational policies able to generate Dynamic Environmental Flows (DEF) that mimic natural flow variability. The objective of this study is to propose a Direct Policy Search (DPS) framework based on defining dynamic flow release rules to improve the global efficiency of storage systems. The water allocation policies proposed for dammed systems are an extension of previously developed flow redistribution rules for small hydropower plants by Razurel et al. (2016).The mathematical form of the Fermi-Dirac statistical distribution applied to lake equations for the stored water in the dam is used to formulate non-proportional redistribution rules that partition the flow for energy production and environmental use. While energy production is computed from technical data, riverine ecological benefits associated with DEF are computed by integrating the Weighted Usable Area (WUA) for fishes with Richter's hydrological indicators. Then, multiobjective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) are applied to build ecological versus economic efficiency plot and locate its (Pareto) frontier. This study benchmarks two MOEAs (NSGA II and Borg MOEA) and compares their efficiency in terms of the quality of Pareto's frontier and computational cost. A detailed analysis of dam characteristics is performed to examine their impact on the global system efficiency and choice of the best redistribution rule. Finally, it is found that non-proportional flow releases can statistically improve the global efficiency, specifically the ecological one, of the hydropower system when compared to constant minimal flows.

Radar coordination and resource management in a distributed sensor network using emergent control

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Weir, B. S.; Sokol, T. M.

2009-05-01

As the list of anti-air warfare and ballistic missile defense missions grows, there is an increasing need to coordinate and optimize usage of radar resources across the netted force. Early attempts at this optimization involved top-down control mechanisms whereby sensors accept resource tasking orders from networked tracking elements. These approaches rely heavily on uncertain knowledge of sensor constraints and capabilities. Furthermore, advanced sensor systems may support self-defense missions of the host platform and are therefore unable to relinquish control to an external function. To surmount these issues, the use of bottom-up emergent control techniques is proposed. The information necessary to make quality, network-wide resource allocations is readily available to sensor nodes with access to a netted track picture. By assessing resource priorities relative to the network (versus local) track picture, sensors can understand the contribution of their resources to the netted force. This allows the sensors to apply resources where most needed and remove waste. Furthermore, simple local rules for resource usage, when properly constructed, allow sensors to obtain a globally optimal resource allocation without direct coordination (emergence). These results are robust to partial implementation (i.e., not all nodes upgraded at once) and failures on individual nodes (whether from casualty or reallocation to other sensor missions), and they leave resource control decisions in the hands of the sensor systems instead of an external function. This paper presents independent research and development work on emergent control of sensor resources and the impact to resource allocation and tracking performance.

The Impacts of Different Types of Workload Allocation Models on Academic Satisfaction and Working Life

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vardi, Iris

2009-01-01

Increasing demands on academic work have resulted in many academics working long hours and expressing dissatisfaction with their working life. These concerns have led to a number of faculties and universities adopting workload allocation models to improve satisfaction and better manage workloads. This paper reports on a study which examined the…

47 CFR 64.903 - Cost allocation manuals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

.... Annual cost allocation manual updates shall be filed on or before the last working day of each calendar... update their cost allocation manuals at least annually, except that changes to the cost apportionment...

47 CFR 64.903 - Cost allocation manuals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

.... Annual cost allocation manual updates shall be filed on or before the last working day of each calendar... update their cost allocation manuals at least annually, except that changes to the cost apportionment...

47 CFR 64.903 - Cost allocation manuals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

.... Annual cost allocation manual updates shall be filed on or before the last working day of each calendar... update their cost allocation manuals at least annually, except that changes to the cost apportionment...

47 CFR 64.903 - Cost allocation manuals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

.... Annual cost allocation manual updates shall be filed on or before the last working day of each calendar... update their cost allocation manuals at least annually, except that changes to the cost apportionment...

“The Work Must Go On”

PubMed Central

ter Hoeven, Claartje L.; Miller, Vernon D.; Peper, Bram; den Dulk, Laura

2016-01-01

The Netherlands is characterized by extensive national work–life regulations relative to the United States. Yet, Dutch employees do not always take advantage of existing work–life policies. Individual and focus group interviews with employees and managers in three (public and private) Dutch organizations identified how employee and managerial communication contributed to acquired rules concerning work–life policies and the interpretation of allocative and authoritative resources for policy enactment. Analyses revealed differences in employees’ and managers’ resistance to policy, the binds and dilemmas experienced, and the coordination of agreements and actions to complete workloads. There are also differences between public and private contexts in the enactment of national and organizational policies, revealing how national (e.g., gender) and organizational (e.g., concertive control) mechanisms play out in employee and managerial communication that determine the use of work–life policies. PMID:29708121

Analysis of Undesignated Work

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-04-01

the other elements are allocated . PM/CM/FM and OUS hours are computed for each workcenter by applying productivity allowances and make-ready/put...BA trends Source: TFMMS. During the transitions (GENDET to rated and rated to PACT), SMEs worked together to allocate GENDET BA to ratings and...to allocate BA. SMEs, drawn from the Enlisted Community Managers, NAVMAC, PERs 4010, and N13, used empirical data from SME experience to select

Analysis of Undesignated Work

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-04-01

hours are dedicated to watch stations. The remaining 14 hours are where the other elements are allocated . PM/CM/FM and OUS hours are computed for each...PACT), SMEs worked together to allocate GENDET BA to ratings and then to PACT requirements. They also identified PACT-in ratings and quotas.7...ultimate rating assignments, they used mostly qualitative methods to allocate BA. SMEs, drawn from the Enlisted Community Managers, NAVMAC, PERs 4010

76 FR 79714 - Program for Allocation of Regulatory Responsibilities Pursuant to Rule 17d-2; Notice of Filing...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-22

...) the Consolidated Tape Association (``CTA'') as the exclusive securities information processor (``SIP... CHX Solely Listed Stocks and (b) the NASDAQ Unlisted Trading Privileges Plan as the exclusive SIP for... Property. (ii) Enhancements to Existing Intellectual Property or New Developments. In the event FINRA (a...

47 CFR 2.913 - Submittal of equipment authorization application or information to the Commission.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... COMMISSION GENERAL FREQUENCY ALLOCATIONS AND RADIO TREATY MATTERS; GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS Equipment... must be filed electronically via the Internet. Information on the procedures for electronically filing... from the Internet at https://gullfoss2.fcc.gov/prod/oet/cf/eas/index.cfm. (b) Unless otherwise directed...

47 CFR 2.913 - Submittal of equipment authorization application or information to the Commission.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... COMMISSION GENERAL FREQUENCY ALLOCATIONS AND RADIO TREATY MATTERS; GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS Equipment... must be filed electronically via the Internet. Information on the procedures for electronically filing... from the Internet at https://gullfoss2.fcc.gov/prod/oet/cf/eas/index.cfm. (b) Unless otherwise directed...

47 CFR 2.913 - Submittal of equipment authorization application or information to the Commission.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... COMMISSION GENERAL FREQUENCY ALLOCATIONS AND RADIO TREATY MATTERS; GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS Equipment... must be filed electronically via the Internet. Information on the procedures for electronically filing... from the Internet at https://gullfoss2.fcc.gov/prod/oet/cf/eas/index.cfm. (b) Unless otherwise directed...

47 CFR 2.913 - Submittal of equipment authorization application or information to the Commission.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... COMMISSION GENERAL FREQUENCY ALLOCATIONS AND RADIO TREATY MATTERS; GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS Equipment... must be filed electronically via the Internet. Information on the procedures for electronically filing... from the Internet at https://gullfoss2.fcc.gov/prod/oet/cf/eas/index.cfm. (b) Unless otherwise directed...

Chinese Preschoolers' Resource Allocation in the Face of Existing Inequality under Collaborative and Noncollaborative Contexts

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chai, Qiao; He, Jie

2017-01-01

The current study investigated the stage at which Chinese preschoolers started considering recipients' material welfare and minimizing existing inequalities under both noncollaborative and collaborative contexts. Also, it analyzed how they behaved when recipients' material welfare was in conflict with merit or equality rule. Experiment 1 found…

47 CFR 2.701 - Prohibition against use of a radio device for eavesdropping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Prohibition against use of a radio device for... ALLOCATIONS AND RADIO TREATY MATTERS; GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS Prohibition Against Eavesdropping § 2.701 Prohibition against use of a radio device for eavesdropping. (a) No person shall use, either directly or...

26 CFR 1.171-3 - Special rules for certain bonds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... disbursements method of accounting, and E decides to use annual accrual periods ending on March 1 of each year... any bond premium among the accrual periods by reference to the equivalent fixed rate debt instrument... remaining term of the instrument. The holder also allocates any bond premium among the accrual periods by...

A New View of Institutions, Human Capital, and Market Standardisation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rodriguez, Jacob P.; Loomis, Steven R.

2007-01-01

This paper argues that the rule-making function of institutions introduces an information distortion into markets--economic, political, and cultural--that changes the rational pattern of resource allocation. As markets expand, this distortion raises the price of individual talent and skill development in production. It leads to a public-private…

47 CFR 2.929 - Changes in name, address, ownership or control of grantee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... ALLOCATIONS AND RADIO TREATY MATTERS; GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS Equipment Authorization Procedures... paragraph (b)(1): Any change in the FCC Identifier desired as a result of such production or marketing agreement will require the filing of a new application for an equipment authorization as specified in § 2...

Using Simulations in Linked Courses to Foster Student Understanding of Complex Political Institutions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Williams, Michelle Hale

2015-01-01

Political institutions provide basic building blocks for understanding and comparing political systems. Yet, students often struggle to understand the implications of institutional choice, such as electoral system rules, especially when the formulas and calculations used to determine seat allocation can be multilevel and complex. This study brings…

75 FR 68632 - Program for Allocation of Regulatory Responsibilities Pursuant to Rule 17d-2; Notice of Filing of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-08

... Participating Organization, must be filed with and approved by the Commission before they become effective. 23... Arca'') (together, the ``Participating Organizations'' or the ``Parties'') filed with the Securities... self-regulatory organization (``SRO'') registered as either a national securities exchange or national...

75 FR 14015 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Chinook Salmon Bycatch Management in the...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-23

... Pollock Fishery This proposed rule applies to owners and operators of catcher vessels, catcher/processors, motherships, inshore processors, and the six Western Alaska Community Development Quota (CDQ) Program groups... fishery by identifying the vessels and processors eligible to participate in the fishery and allocating...

78 FR 52123 - Atlantic Highly Migratory Species; 2006 Consolidated Highly Migratory Species Fishery Management...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-22

... quota. As described in the proposed rule, the proposed measures include Allocation measures, Area-Based... logistics for 10 public hearings to provide additional opportunities for members of the public to comment on... among the quota categories; (2) area-based measures that would implement restrictions on the use of...

76 FR 6496 - Special Flight Rules Area in the Vicinity of Grand Canyon National Park, Draft Environmental...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-02-04

... being considered include: Alternative A Current Condition: Key elements are corridors open year round, annual allocation cap of 93,971, and no quiet technology incentive. Current tours for helicopters and... to quiet technology aircraft. Alternative F Modified Current Condition: Key elements are similar to...

47 CFR 2.946 - Penalty for failure to provide test samples and data.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Penalty for failure to provide test samples and data. 2.946 Section 2.946 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION GENERAL FREQUENCY ALLOCATIONS AND RADIO TREATY MATTERS; GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS Equipment Authorization Procedures Conditions Attendant to An Equipment Authorizatio...

A QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF A COMBINED SPECTRAL AND GIS RULE-BASED LAND-COVER CLASSIFICATION IN THE NEUSE RIVER BASIN OF NORTH CAROLINA

EPA Science Inventory

The 14,582 km2 Neuse River Basin in North Carolina was characterized based on a user defined land-cover (LC) classification system developed specifically to support spatially explicit, non-point source nitrogen allocation modeling studies. Data processing incorporated both spect...

26 CFR 1.482-1 - Allocation of income and deductions among taxpayers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... determining the comparability of two transactions include— (A) Research and development; (B) Product design... illustrates the principles of this paragraph (d)(4)(ii)(C). Example. Couture, a U.S. apparel design....482-8 provides examples illustrating the application of the best method rule. Finally, § 1.482-9...

26 CFR 1.482-1 - Allocation of income and deductions among taxpayers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... determining the comparability of two transactions include— (A) Research and development; (B) Product design... illustrates the principles of this paragraph (d)(4)(ii)(C). Example. Couture, a U.S. apparel design....482-8 provides examples illustrating the application of the best method rule. Finally, § 1.482-9...

26 CFR 1.482-1 - Allocation of income and deductions among taxpayers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... determining the comparability of two transactions include— (A) Research and development; (B) Product design... illustrates the principles of this paragraph (d)(4)(ii)(C). Example. Couture, a U.S. apparel design....482-8 provides examples illustrating the application of the best method rule. Finally, § 1.482-9...

26 CFR 1.482-1 - Allocation of income and deductions among taxpayers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... determining the comparability of two transactions include— (A) Research and development; (B) Product design... illustrates the principles of this paragraph (d)(4)(ii)(C). Example. Couture, a U.S. apparel design....482-8 provides examples illustrating the application of the best method rule. Finally, § 1.482-9...

12 CFR 226.53 - Allocation of payments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... (CONTINUED) TRUTH IN LENDING (REGULATION Z) Special Rules Applicable to Credit Card Accounts and Open-End... periodic payment for a credit card account under an open-end (not home-secured) consumer credit plan, the... program. When a balance on a credit card account under an open-end (not home-secured) consumer credit plan...

12 CFR 226.53 - Allocation of payments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... TRUTH IN LENDING (REGULATION Z) Special Rules Applicable to Credit Card Accounts and Open-End Credit... payment for a credit card account under an open-end (not home-secured) consumer credit plan, the card... program. When a balance on a credit card account under an open-end (not home-secured) consumer credit plan...

12 CFR 226.53 - Allocation of payments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... TRUTH IN LENDING (REGULATION Z) Special Rules Applicable to Credit Card Accounts and Open-End Credit... payment for a credit card account under an open-end (not home-secured) consumer credit plan, the card.... When a balance on a credit card account under an open-end (not home-secured) consumer credit plan is...

12 CFR 226.53 - Allocation of payments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... (CONTINUED) TRUTH IN LENDING (REGULATION Z) Special Rules Applicable to Credit Card Accounts and Open-End... periodic payment for a credit card account under an open-end (not home-secured) consumer credit plan, the... program. When a balance on a credit card account under an open-end (not home-secured) consumer credit plan...

26 CFR 1.904(f)-12T - Transition rules (temporary).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... services income or general limitation income. To the extent that a taxpayer has a balance in any separate... balance in any separate limitation loss or overall foreign loss account in a pre-2007 separate category... such balance, or balances, shall be allocated on the first day of the taxpayer's next taxable year to...

26 CFR 1.1374-0 - Table of contents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... general. (b) Allocation rule. (c) Recognized built-in gain carryover. (d) Accounting methods. (e) Example. § 1.1374-3 Net unrealized built-in gain. (a) In general. (b) Example. § 1.1374-4 Recognized built-in gain or loss. (a) Sales and exchanges. (1) In general. (2) Oil and gas property. (3) Examples. (b...

76 FR 41544 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; EDGX Exchange, Inc.; Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-14

... proposed rule changes reflect a competitive pricing structure designed to incent market participants to... Exchange notes that it operates in a highly competitive market in which market participants can readily... competitive with those charged by other venues and therefore continue to be reasonable and equitably allocated...

Academic Success Foundation: Enhancing Academic Integrity through Mobile Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hanbidge, Alice Schmidt; Mackenzie, Amanda; Sanderson, Nicole; Scholz, Kyle; Tin, Tony

2017-01-01

How do we close the gap between the lack of academic experience incoming students have--with the expectation that students know the rules of writing and taking exams? Academic integrity (AI) is essential in post-secondary academia yet insufficient time is allocated to teaching and practicing its concepts. Talks at orientation, lectures in the…

School Facilities and Tax Credit Bonds

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Edelstein, Frederick S.

2009-01-01

The tax credit portion of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (also known as the economic stimulus package or ARRA) has three different entities that can be used for various school construction including new, modernization, renovation and acquisition of sites for school projects. The bond rule notice and allocations have been issued…

77 FR 29429 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE Arca, Inc.; Notice of Filing of Proposed Rule Change Relating...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-17

... investment objective by implementing a ``top-down'' portfolio management style. This management style begins...'' portfolio management style utilizes a tactical and globally diversified allocation strategy in an attempt to... open-end management investment company.\\5\\ The investment adviser to the Fund is AdvisorShares...

Developing a Computerised Multiple Elements Test for Organisational Difficulties

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hynes, Sinead M.; Fish, Jessica; Evans, Jonathan J.; Manly, Tom

2015-01-01

Executive function is best measured in loosely structured, multi-component tasks that reflect real-life demands. These tasks require participants to develop a strategy, keep a plan in mind and monitor time. Errors include ignoring stated goals ("goal neglect"), over-allocation of time to one task and violating rules. Teasing apart such…

76 FR 60444 - Fisheries of the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, and South Atlantic; Coastal Migratory Pelagic...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-29

... Resources in the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Region; Amendment 18 AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service... Management Councils (Councils) have submitted Amendment 18 to the Fishery Management Plan for the Coastal... addition, Amendment 18 proposes to set allocations and establish control rules for Atlantic group cobia and...

78 FR 71700 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NASDAQ OMX PHLX LLC; Suspension of and Order Instituting...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-29

... things, both commenters believe that further scrutiny and public comment of the proposal is necessary... requiring, among other things, that an exchange's rules provide for the equitable allocation of reasonable... other things, ``remove impediments to and perfect the mechanism of a free and open market and a national...

26 CFR 1.168(i)-0 - Table of contents for the general asset account rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

...) Source of ordinary income, gain, or loss. (i) Source determined by allocation and apportionment of depreciation allowed. (ii) Formula for determining foreign source income, gain, or loss. (3) Section 904(d... disposed or converted asset. (k) Effect of adjustments on prior dispositions. (l) Election. (1) Irrevocable...

26 CFR 1.752-3 - Partner's share of nonrecourse liabilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Provisions Common to Part II, Subchapter K, Chapter 1 of the Code § 1...) The partner's share of partnership minimum gain determined in accordance with the rules of section 704(b) and the regulations thereunder; (2) The amount of any taxable gain that would be allocated to the...

26 CFR 1.168(i)-0 - Table of contents for the general asset account rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

...) Source of ordinary income, gain, or loss. (i) Source determined by allocation and apportionment of depreciation allowed. (ii) Formula for determining foreign source income, gain, or loss. (3) Section 904(d... disposed or converted asset. (k) Effect of adjustments on prior dispositions. (l) Election. (1) Irrevocable...

26 CFR 1.168(i)-0 - Table of contents for the general asset account rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

...) Source of ordinary income, gain, or loss. (i) Source determined by allocation and apportionment of depreciation allowed. (ii) Formula for determining foreign source income, gain, or loss. (3) Section 904(d... disposed or converted asset. (k) Effect of adjustments on prior dispositions. (l) Election. (1) Irrevocable...

26 CFR 1.469-7 - Treatment of self-charged items of interest income and deduction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... certain interest income resulting from these lending transactions as passive activity gross income; (ii... passive activity deductions; and (iii) Allocate the passive activity gross income and passive activity... section. The character of amounts treated under the rules of this section as passive activity gross income...

Decision rules for allocation of finances to health systems strengthening

PubMed Central

Morton, Alec; Thomas, Ranjeeta; Smith, Peter C.

2017-01-01

A key dilemma in global health is how to allocate funds between disease-specific “vertical projects” on the one hand and “horizontal programmes” which aim to strengthen the entire health system on the other. While economic evaluation provides a way of approaching the prioritisation of vertical projects, it provides less guidance on how to prioritise between horizontal and vertical spending. We approach this problem by formulating a mathematical program which captures the complementary benefits of funding both vertical projects and horizontal programmes. We show that our solution to this math program has an appealing intuitive structure. We illustrate our model by computationally solving two specialised versions of this problem, with illustrations based on the problem of allocating funding for infectious diseases in sub-Saharan Africa. We conclude by reflecting on how such a model may be developed in the future and used to guide empirical data collection and theory development. PMID:27394006

Exploration of the validity of weak magnets as a suitable placebo in trials of magnetic therapy.

PubMed

Greaves, C J; Harlow, T N

2008-06-01

To investigate whether 50 mT magnetic bracelets would be suitable as a placebo control condition for studying the pain relieving effects of higher strength magnetic bracelets in arthritis. Randomised controlled comparison between groups given either a weak 50 mT or a higher strength 180 mT magnetic bracelets to test. Four arthritis support groups in Devon, UK. One hundred sixteen people with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Beliefs about group allocation and expectation of benefit. There was no significant difference between groups in beliefs about allocation to the 'active magnet' group. Participants were however more likely to have an expectation of benefit (pain relief) with the higher strength magnetic bracelets. Asking about perceived group allocation is not sufficient to rule out placebo effects in trials of magnetic bracelets which use weak magnets as a control condition. There are differences in expectation of benefit between different magnet strengths.

Cassini Attitude Control Operations Flight Rules and How They are Enforced

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Burk, Thomas; Bates, David

2008-01-01

The Cassini spacecraft was launched on October 15, 1997 and arrived at Saturn on June 30, 2004. It has performed detailed observations and remote sensing of Saturn, its rings, and its satellites since that time. Cassini deployed the European-built Huygens probe which descended through the Titan atmosphere and landed on its surface on January 14, 2005. Operating the Cassini spacecraft is a complex scientific, engineering, and management job. In order to safely operate the spacecraft, a large number of flight rules were developed. These flight rules must be enforced throughout the lifetime of the Cassini spacecraft. Flight rules are defined as any operational limitation imposed by the spacecraft system design, hardware, and software, violation of which would result in spacecraft damage, loss of consumables, loss of mission objectives, loss and/or degradation of science, and less than optimal performance. Flight rules require clear description and rationale. Detailed automated methods have been developed to insure the spacecraft is continuously operated within these flight rules. An overview of all the flight rules allocated to the Cassini Attitude Control and Articulation Subsystem and how they are enforced is presented in this paper.

Decision rules for spaceborne operations planning

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Smith, Jeffrey H.

1992-01-01

Recent study of Space Station Freedom requirements for extravehicular activity (EVA) to perform external maintenance tasks emphasize an oversubscription of resources for performing on-orbit tasks. Extravehicular robotics (EVR) and cooperative EVA combined with EVR (using crew and robots synergistically to perform tasks) have been suggested as a part of the solution to reduce EVA. The question remains however, 'Under what conditions is it cost-effective to use the EVA and/or EVR resource.' The answer to such a question also has implications for the Space Station Freedom and its external maintenance as well as the Space Exploration Initiative (SEI) where the issue of work-system allocation is magnified by the long distances and scope of EVA work. This paper describes a simple technique of interest to operational planners and robot technology planners for determining in an economic context whether to use EVA alone, EVR alone, or Cooperative EVA. It is also shown that given: (1) the task times for these alternatives; and (2) the marginal costs of EVA, EVR, and IVA, the appropriate work system for performing the task can be identified. The paper illustrates how the work system choice is based on the ratio of costs. An example using Space Station Freedom data is presented to illustrate the trade-offs among alternative work-systems.

Access to Heart Transplantation: A Proper Analysis of the Competing Risks of Death and Transplantation Is Required to Optimize Graft Allocation.

PubMed

Cantrelle, Christelle; Legeai, Camille; Latouche, Aurélien; Tuppin, Philippe; Jasseron, Carine; Sebbag, Laurent; Bastien, Olivier; Dorent, Richard

2017-08-01

Heart allocation systems are usually urgency-based, offering grafts to candidates at high risk of waitlist mortality. In the context of a revision of the heart allocation rules, we determined observed predictors of 1-year waitlist mortality in France, considering the competing risk of transplantation, to determine which candidate subgroups are favored or disadvantaged by the current allocation system. Patients registered on the French heart waitlist between 2010 and 2013 were included. Cox cause-specific hazards and Fine and Gray subdistribution hazards were used to determine candidate characteristics associated with waitlist mortality and access to transplantation. Of the 2053 candidates, 7 variables were associated with 1-year waitlist mortality by the Fine and Gray method including 4 candidate characteristics related to heart failure severity (hospitalization at listing, serum natriuretic peptide level, systolic pulmonary artery pressure, and glomerular filtration rate) and 3 characteristics not associated with heart failure severity but with lower access to transplantation (blood type, age, and body mass index). Observed waitlist mortality for candidates on mechanical circulatory support was like that of others. The heart allocation system strongly modifies the risk of pretransplant mortality related to heart failure severity. An in-depth competing risk analysis is therefore a more appropriate method to evaluate graft allocation systems. This knowledge should help to prioritize candidates in the context of a limited donor pool.

Resource allocation in shared spectrum access communications for operators with diverse service requirements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kibria, Mirza Golam; Villardi, Gabriel Porto; Ishizu, Kentaro; Kojima, Fumihide; Yano, Hiroyuki

2016-12-01

In this paper, we study inter-operator spectrum sharing and intra-operator resource allocation in shared spectrum access communication systems and propose efficient dynamic solutions to address both inter-operator and intra-operator resource allocation optimization problems. For inter-operator spectrum sharing, we present two competent approaches, namely the subcarrier gain-based sharing and fragmentation-based sharing, which carry out fair and flexible allocation of the available shareable spectrum among the operators subject to certain well-defined sharing rules, traffic demands, and channel propagation characteristics. The subcarrier gain-based spectrum sharing scheme has been found to be more efficient in terms of achieved throughput. However, the fragmentation-based sharing is more attractive in terms of computational complexity. For intra-operator resource allocation, we consider resource allocation problem with users' dissimilar service requirements, where the operator supports users with delay constraint and non-delay constraint service requirements, simultaneously. This optimization problem is a mixed-integer non-linear programming problem and non-convex, which is computationally very expensive, and the complexity grows exponentially with the number of integer variables. We propose less-complex and efficient suboptimal solution based on formulating exact linearization, linear approximation, and convexification techniques for the non-linear and/or non-convex objective functions and constraints. Extensive simulation performance analysis has been carried out that validates the efficiency of the proposed solution.

Decentralisation of Health Services in Fiji: A Decision Space Analysis.

PubMed

Mohammed, Jalal; North, Nicola; Ashton, Toni

2015-11-15

Decentralisation aims to bring services closer to the community and has been advocated in the health sector to improve quality, access and equity, and to empower local agencies, increase innovation and efficiency and bring healthcare and decision-making as close as possible to where people live and work. Fiji has attempted two approaches to decentralisation. The current approach reflects a model of deconcentration of outpatient services from the tertiary level hospital to the peripheral health centres in the Suva subdivision. Using a modified decision space approach developed by Bossert, this study measures decision space created in five broad categories (finance, service organisation, human resources, access rules, and governance rules) within the decentralised services. Fiji's centrally managed historical-based allocation of financial resources and management of human resources resulted in no decision space for decentralised agents. Narrow decision space was created in the service organisation category where, with limited decision space created over access rules, Fiji has seen greater usage of its decentralised health centres. There remains limited decision space in governance. The current wave of decentralisation reveals that, whilst the workload has shifted from the tertiary hospital to the peripheral health centres, it has been accompanied by limited transfer of administrative authority, suggesting that Fiji's deconcentration reflects the transfer of workload only with decision-making in the five functional areas remaining largely centralised. As such, the benefits of decentralisation for users and providers are likely to be limited. © 2016 by Kerman University of Medical Sciences.

Portraits of Principal Practice: Time Allocation and School Principal Work

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sebastian, James; Camburn, Eric M.; Spillane, James P.

2018-01-01

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine how school principals in urban settings distributed their time working on critical school functions. We also examined who principals worked with and how their time allocation patterns varied by school contextual characteristics. Research Method/Approach: The study was conducted in an urban school…

Linear discriminant analysis with misallocation in training samples

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chhikara, R. (Principal Investigator); Mckeon, J.

1982-01-01

Linear discriminant analysis for a two-class case is studied in the presence of misallocation in training samples. A general appraoch to modeling of mislocation is formulated, and the mean vectors and covariance matrices of the mixture distributions are derived. The asymptotic distribution of the discriminant boundary is obtained and the asymptotic first two moments of the two types of error rate given. Certain numerical results for the error rates are presented by considering the random and two non-random misallocation models. It is shown that when the allocation procedure for training samples is objectively formulated, the effect of misallocation on the error rates of the Bayes linear discriminant rule can almost be eliminated. If, however, this is not possible, the use of Fisher rule may be preferred over the Bayes rule.

Sex allocation and investment into pre- and post-copulatory traits in simultaneous hermaphrodites: the role of polyandry and local sperm competition.

PubMed

Schärer, Lukas; Pen, Ido

2013-03-05

Sex allocation theory predicts the optimal allocation to male and female reproduction in sexual organisms. In animals, most work on sex allocation has focused on species with separate sexes and our understanding of simultaneous hermaphrodites is patchier. Recent theory predicts that sex allocation in simultaneous hermaphrodites should strongly be affected by post-copulatory sexual selection, while the role of pre-copulatory sexual selection is much less clear. Here, we review sex allocation and sexual selection theory for simultaneous hermaphrodites, and identify several strong and potentially unwarranted assumptions. We then present a model that treats allocation to sexually selected traits as components of sex allocation and explore patterns of allocation when some of these assumptions are relaxed. For example, when investment into a male sexually selected trait leads to skews in sperm competition, causing local sperm competition, this is expected to lead to a reduced allocation to sperm production. We conclude that understanding the evolution of sex allocation in simultaneous hermaphrodites requires detailed knowledge of the different sexual selection processes and their relative importance. However, little is currently known quantitatively about sexual selection in simultaneous hermaphrodites, about what the underlying traits are, and about what drives and constrains their evolution. Future work should therefore aim at quantifying sexual selection and identifying the underlying traits along the pre- to post-copulatory axis.

Sex allocation and investment into pre- and post-copulatory traits in simultaneous hermaphrodites: the role of polyandry and local sperm competition

PubMed Central

Schärer, Lukas; Pen, Ido

2013-01-01

Sex allocation theory predicts the optimal allocation to male and female reproduction in sexual organisms. In animals, most work on sex allocation has focused on species with separate sexes and our understanding of simultaneous hermaphrodites is patchier. Recent theory predicts that sex allocation in simultaneous hermaphrodites should strongly be affected by post-copulatory sexual selection, while the role of pre-copulatory sexual selection is much less clear. Here, we review sex allocation and sexual selection theory for simultaneous hermaphrodites, and identify several strong and potentially unwarranted assumptions. We then present a model that treats allocation to sexually selected traits as components of sex allocation and explore patterns of allocation when some of these assumptions are relaxed. For example, when investment into a male sexually selected trait leads to skews in sperm competition, causing local sperm competition, this is expected to lead to a reduced allocation to sperm production. We conclude that understanding the evolution of sex allocation in simultaneous hermaphrodites requires detailed knowledge of the different sexual selection processes and their relative importance. However, little is currently known quantitatively about sexual selection in simultaneous hermaphrodites, about what the underlying traits are, and about what drives and constrains their evolution. Future work should therefore aim at quantifying sexual selection and identifying the underlying traits along the pre- to post-copulatory axis. PMID:23339243

Redefining the Australian Army Officer Corps Allocation Process

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-03-01

Allocation Numbers (Model 2) ......................................60 Table 28. 2009 Revised Corps Allocation Overage and Underage (Model 2...characteristics: age, sex , marital status, and length of service. b. organizational characteristics: size of work group, visibility of organization...with minimal alteration to the planned corps allocation numbers. A full list of the corps overages and underages is contained in Table 23. Table

Optimal conservation resource allocation under variable economic and ecological time discounting rates in boreal forest.

PubMed

Mazziotta, Adriano; Pouzols, Federico Montesino; Mönkkönen, Mikko; Kotiaho, Janne S; Strandman, Harri; Moilanen, Atte

2016-09-15

Resource allocation to multiple alternative conservation actions is a complex task. A common trade-off occurs between protection of smaller, expensive, high-quality areas versus larger, cheaper, partially degraded areas. We investigate optimal allocation into three actions in boreal forest: current standard forest management rules, setting aside of mature stands, or setting aside of clear-cuts. We first estimated how habitat availability for focal indicator species and economic returns from timber harvesting develop through time as a function of forest type and action chosen. We then developed an optimal resource allocation by accounting for budget size and habitat availability of indicator species in different forest types. We also accounted for the perspective adopted towards sustainability, modeled via temporal preference and economic and ecological time discounting. Controversially, we found that in boreal forest set-aside followed by protection of clear-cuts can become a winning cost-effective strategy when accounting for habitat requirements of multiple species, long planning horizon, and limited budget. It is particularly effective when adopting a long-term sustainability perspective, and accounting for present revenues from timber harvesting. The present analysis assesses the cost-effective conditions to allocate resources into an inexpensive conservation strategy that nevertheless has potential to produce high ecological values in the future. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Allocation of Transaction Cost to Market Participants Using an Analytical Method in Deregulated Market

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jeyasankari, S.; Jeslin Drusila Nesamalar, J.; Charles Raja, S.; Venkatesh, P.

2014-04-01

Transmission cost allocation is one of the major challenges in transmission open access faced by the electric power sector. The purpose of this work is to provide an analytical method for allocating transmission transaction cost in deregulated market. This research work provides a usage based transaction cost allocation method based on line-flow impact factor (LIF) which relates the power flow in each line with respect to transacted power for the given transaction. This method provides the impact of line flows without running iterative power flow solution and is well suited for real time applications. The proposed method is compared with the Newton-Raphson (NR) method of cost allocation on sample six bus and practical Indian utility 69 bus systems by considering multilateral transaction.

Allocating health care resources: a questionnaire experiment on the predictive success of rules.

PubMed

Ahlert, Marlies; Schwettmann, Lars

2017-06-26

The topic of this paper is related to equity in health within a country. In public health care sectors of many countries decisions on priority setting with respect to treatment of different types of diseases or patient groups are implicitly or explicitly made. Priorities are realized by allocation decisions for medical resources where moral judgments play an important role with respect to goals and measures that should be applied. The aim of this study is to explore the moral intuitions held in the German society related to priorities in medical treatment. We use an experimental questionnaire method established in the Empirical Social Choice literature. Participants are asked to make decisions in a sequence of distributive problems where a limited amount of treatment time has to be allocated to hypothetically described patients. The decision problems serve as an intuition pump. Situations are systematically varied with respect to patients' initial health levels, their ability to benefit from treatment time, and the amount of treatment time available. Subjects are also asked to describe their deliberations. We focus on the acceptance of different allocation principles including equity concepts and utilitarian properties. We investigate rule characteristics like order preservation or monotonicity with respect to resources, severity, or effectiveness. We check the consistency of individual choices with stated reasoning. The goals and allocation principles revealed show that the moral intuitions held by our experimental subjects are much more complex than the principles commonly applied in health economic theory. Especially, cost-utility principles are rarely applied, whereas the goal of equality of health gain is observed more often. The principle not to leave any patient untreated is very dominant. We also observe the degrees to which extent certain monotonicity principles, known from welfare economics, are followed. Subjects were able to describe their moral judgments in written statements. We also find evidence that they followed their respective intuitions very consistently in their decisions. Findings of the kind presented in this paper may serve as an important input for the public and political discussion when decisions on priorities in the public health care sector are formed.

Mobile access to virtual randomization for investigator-initiated trials.

PubMed

Deserno, Thomas M; Keszei, András P

2017-08-01

Background/aims Randomization is indispensable in clinical trials in order to provide unbiased treatment allocation and a valid statistical inference. Improper handling of allocation lists can be avoided using central systems, for example, human-based services. However, central systems are unaffordable for investigator-initiated trials and might be inaccessible from some places, where study subjects need allocations. We propose mobile access to virtual randomization, where the randomization lists are non-existent and the appropriate allocation is computed on demand. Methods The core of the system architecture is an electronic data capture system or a clinical trial management system, which is extended by an R interface connecting the R server using the Java R Interface. Mobile devices communicate via the representational state transfer web services. Furthermore, a simple web-based setup allows configuring the appropriate statistics by non-statisticians. Our comprehensive R script supports simple randomization, restricted randomization using a random allocation rule, block randomization, and stratified randomization for un-blinded, single-blinded, and double-blinded trials. For each trial, the electronic data capture system or the clinical trial management system stores the randomization parameters and the subject assignments. Results Apps are provided for iOS and Android and subjects are randomized using smartphones. After logging onto the system, the user selects the trial and the subject, and the allocation number and treatment arm are displayed instantaneously and stored in the core system. So far, 156 subjects have been allocated from mobile devices serving five investigator-initiated trials. Conclusion Transforming pre-printed allocation lists into virtual ones ensures the correct conduct of trials and guarantees a strictly sequential processing in all trial sites. Covering 88% of all randomization models that are used in recent trials, virtual randomization becomes available for investigator-initiated trials and potentially for large multi-center trials.

Discrete Resource Allocation in Visual Working Memory

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barton, Brian; Ester, Edward F.; Awh, Edward

2009-01-01

Are resources in visual working memory allocated in a continuous or a discrete fashion? On one hand, flexible resource models suggest that capacity is determined by a central resource pool that can be flexibly divided such that items of greater complexity receive a larger share of resources. On the other hand, if capacity in working memory is…

76 FR 4948 - Program for Allocation of Regulatory Responsibilities Pursuant to Rule 17d-2; Notice of Filing...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-27

... Control. In the event of a change of control of a Listing Market, the Listing Market will have the... Agreement from (a) the Consolidated Tape Association (``CTA'') as the exclusive securities information... Unlisted Trading Privileges Plan as the exclusive SIP for all NASDAQ[-listed securities] Listed Stocks. b...

47 CFR 2.929 - Changes in name, address, ownership or control of grantee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... ALLOCATIONS AND RADIO TREATY MATTERS; GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS Equipment Authorization Procedures... submitted to the Commission via the Internet at https://gullfoss2.fcc.gov/prod/oet/cf/eas/index.cfm within... manufacturing rights, notice must be given to the Commission via the Internet at https://gullfoss2.fcc.gov/prod...

47 CFR 2.929 - Changes in name, address, ownership or control of grantee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... ALLOCATIONS AND RADIO TREATY MATTERS; GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS Equipment Authorization Procedures... submitted to the Commission via the Internet at https://gullfoss2.fcc.gov/prod/oet/cf/eas/index.cfm within... manufacturing rights, notice must be given to the Commission via the Internet at https://gullfoss2.fcc.gov/prod...

47 CFR 2.929 - Changes in name, address, ownership or control of grantee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... ALLOCATIONS AND RADIO TREATY MATTERS; GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS Equipment Authorization Procedures... submitted to the Commission via the Internet at https://gullfoss2.fcc.gov/prod/oet/cf/eas/index.cfm within... manufacturing rights, notice must be given to the Commission via the Internet at https://gullfoss2.fcc.gov/prod...

47 CFR 2.929 - Changes in name, address, ownership or control of grantee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... ALLOCATIONS AND RADIO TREATY MATTERS; GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS Equipment Authorization Procedures... submitted to the Commission via the Internet at https://gullfoss2.fcc.gov/prod/oet/cf/eas/index.cfm within... manufacturing rights, notice must be given to the Commission via the Internet at https://gullfoss2.fcc.gov/prod...

26 CFR 1.861-11T - Special rules for allocating and apportioning interest expense of an affiliated group of...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... or Z's direct assets is exclusively financial services income. The foreign source income generated by... computation of foreign source taxable income for purposes of section 904 (relating to various limitations on the foreign tax credit). Section 904 imposes separate foreign tax credit limitations on passive income...

Aboveground sink strength in forests controls the allocation of carbon below ground and its [CO2]-induced enhancement

Treesearch

Sari Palmroth; Ram Oren; Heather R. McCarthy; Kurt H. Johnsen; Adrien C. Finzi; John R. Butnor; Michael G. Ryan; William H. Schlesinger

2006-01-01

The partitioning among carbon (C) pools of the extra C captured under elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) determines the enhancement in C sequestration, yet no clear partitioning rules exist. Here, we used first principles and published data from four free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE)...

47 CFR 2.1060 - Equipment for use in the amateur radio service.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Equipment for use in the amateur radio service... ALLOCATIONS AND RADIO TREATY MATTERS; GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS Equipment Authorization Procedures Certification § 2.1060 Equipment for use in the amateur radio service. (a) The general provisions of §§ 2.925, 2...

78 FR 45903 - Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Act of 1996: Negotiated Rulemaking...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-30

... Rulemaking Committee. The committee will negotiate a proposed rule to revise the allocation formula used under the Indian Housing Block Grant (IHBG) Program. In addition, this notice announces a two-day first...:30 a.m., and adjourn at approximately 5 p.m. ADDRESSES: The meeting will take place at the Grand...

26 CFR 1.861-13T - Transition rules for interest expenses (temporary regulations).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

...-in fraction is the general phase-in amount over the current year average debt level of the affiliated... pro rata by the relative amount of interest expense that is directly allocated. (b) General phase-in... does not exceed the general phase-in amount, as defined in paragraph (b)(2) of this section. (2...

26 CFR 1.861-13T - Transition rules for interest expenses (temporary regulations).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...-in fraction is the general phase-in amount over the current year average debt level of the affiliated... pro rata by the relative amount of interest expense that is directly allocated. (b) General phase-in... does not exceed the general phase-in amount, as defined in paragraph (b)(2) of this section. (2...

75 FR 62910 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; National Stock Exchange, Inc.; Notice of Filing and Immediate...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-13

... changes to the Fee Schedule and will post a copy of the rule filing on the Exchange's website ( http://www... that it is designed to provide for the equitable allocation of reasonable dues, fees and other charges....C. 552, will be available for website viewing and printing in the Commission's Public Reference...

26 CFR 1.446-1 - General rule for methods of accounting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

..., as a cost taken into account in computing cost of goods sold, as a cost allocable to a long-term...; section 460, relating to the long-term contract methods. In addition, special methods of accounting for... regulations under sections 471 and 472), a change from the cash or accrual method to a long-term contract...

75 FR 23620 - Magnuson-Stevens Act Provisions; Fisheries Off West Coast States; Pacific Coast Groundfish...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-04

... regarding which model formulation reflected the best available science for Pacific whiting in 2010, and put... measures for 2011-12. Based on the SSC advice that both models be put forward as the best available science... specifications and tribal allocation; request for comments. SUMMARY: This final rule establishes the 2010 fishery...

78 FR 42890 - Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Atlantic Sea Scallop Fishery and Northeast...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-18

... Council (Council), was to set specifications for the scallop fishery, including days-at-sea (DAS.... Correction This action revises the table at Sec. 648.53(b)(4) to correctly reference the FY 2014 DAS... the FY 2014 DAS allocations outlined in Joint Framework 24/49, the table in the final rule...

College Financial Aid Rules and the Allocation of Savings

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reyes, Jessica Wolpaw

2008-01-01

The college financial aid system imposes an implicit asset tax that is prevalent and substantial. Facing this tax, rational families should reduce their total assets and shelter assets in protected categories. I find that the tax induces a 7-12% reduction in total assets, a result in line with the literature. Furthermore, I find evidence that…

75 FR 38581 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; the Depository Trust Company; Notice of Filing of Proposed Rule...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-02

... customer account transfers within specified time frames. \\5\\ CNS is an ongoing accounting system which nets... by book-entry. This allocation of securities is accomplished through an evening cycle followed by a day cycle. Positions which remain open after the evening cycle may be changed as a result of trades...

A Cost Analysis Plan for the National Preventive Dentistry Demonstration Program.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Foch, Craig B.

The National Preventive Dentistry Demonstration Project (NPDDP) delivers school-based preventive dental care to approximately 14,000 children in ten United States cities. The program, begun in 1976, is to be conducted over a six and one-half year period. The costing definitions and allocation rules to be used in the project are the principal…

47 CFR 2.924 - Marketing of electrically identical equipment having multiple trade names and models or type...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Marketing of electrically identical equipment having multiple trade names and models or type numbers under the same FCC Identifier. 2.924 Section 2.924 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION GENERAL FREQUENCY ALLOCATIONS AND RADIO TREATY MATTERS; GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS...

47 CFR 2.924 - Marketing of electrically identical equipment having multiple trade names and models or type...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Marketing of electrically identical equipment having multiple trade names and models or type numbers under the same FCC Identifier. 2.924 Section 2.924 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION GENERAL FREQUENCY ALLOCATIONS AND RADIO TREATY MATTERS; GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS...

77 FR 63299 - Notice of Intent To Prepare a Joint Environmental Impact Statement/Environmental Impact Report...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-16

... operation rules of Folsom Dam and Reservoir to reduce flood risk to the Sacramento area by utilizing the... the Dam's new flood operations plan, with the intention of meeting flood risk management objectives... direction to reduce Folsom Reservoir variable space allocation from the current operating range of 400,000...

75 FR 63721 - Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Atlantic Sea Scallop Fishery; Framework Adjustment...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-18

... these errors. DATES: Effective October 18, 2010. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Emily Bryant, Fishery... incurred prior to Framework 21's effectiveness would be applied to FY 2011 allocations. NMFS received one...) and final rules to implement Framework 21. Classification Pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 553(b)(B), the...

76 FR 23637 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; New York Stock Exchange LLC; Order Approving a Proposed Rule...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-27

... the Event of a Merger Involving One or More Listed Companies April 21, 2011. I. Introduction On... the application of the Exchange's Designated Market Maker (``DMM'') allocation policy in the event of... listed companies merge, the post-merger listed company is assigned to the DMM in the company that is...

26 CFR 1.132-8T - Nondiscrimination rules-1985 through 1988 (temporary).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... classification that is based on factors such as seniority, full-time vs. part-time employment, or job description... made available to employees each year) or because of the nature of the fringe benefit (such as where an...-same-terms requirement. Therefore, an allocation based on seniority, full-time vs. part-time employment...

26 CFR 1.132-8T - Nondiscrimination rules-1985 through 1988 (temporary).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... classification that is based on factors such as seniority, full-time vs. part-time employment, or job description... made available to employees each year) or because of the nature of the fringe benefit (such as where an...-same-terms requirement. Therefore, an allocation based on seniority, full-time vs. part-time employment...

26 CFR 1.132-8T - Nondiscrimination rules-1985 through 1988 (temporary).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... classification that is based on factors such as seniority, full-time vs. part-time employment, or job description... made available to employees each year) or because of the nature of the fringe benefit (such as where an...-same-terms requirement. Therefore, an allocation based on seniority, full-time vs. part-time employment...

26 CFR 1.132-8T - Nondiscrimination rules-1985 through 1988 (temporary).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... classification that is based on factors such as seniority, full-time vs. part-time employment, or job description... made available to employees each year) or because of the nature of the fringe benefit (such as where an...-same-terms requirement. Therefore, an allocation based on seniority, full-time vs. part-time employment...

26 CFR 1.1060-1 - Special allocation rules for certain asset acquisitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... connectors in limited quantities. It is a successful company with a reputation within the industry and among... establish an immediate presence in the microwave industry, an area in which it previously has not been... mix and to promote its presence in the microwave industry. P will not use the assets acquired from S...

26 CFR 1.1060-1 - Special allocation rules for certain asset acquisitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... connectors in limited quantities. It is a successful company with a reputation within the industry and among... establish an immediate presence in the microwave industry, an area in which it previously has not been... mix and to promote its presence in the microwave industry. P will not use the assets acquired from S...

26 CFR 1.1060-1 - Special allocation rules for certain asset acquisitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... connectors in limited quantities. It is a successful company with a reputation within the industry and among... establish an immediate presence in the microwave industry, an area in which it previously has not been... mix and to promote its presence in the microwave industry. P will not use the assets acquired from S...

26 CFR 1.1060-1 - Special allocation rules for certain asset acquisitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... connectors in limited quantities. It is a successful company with a reputation within the industry and among... establish an immediate presence in the microwave industry, an area in which it previously has not been... mix and to promote its presence in the microwave industry. P will not use the assets acquired from S...

26 CFR 1.743-1 - Optional adjustment to basis of partnership property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... acquired partnership interest); and decreased by (iii) The amount of tax gain (including any remedial.... See § 1.460-4(k)(3)(v)(B) for a rule relating to the computation of income or loss that would be... immediately after the hypothetical transaction, decreased by $7,000, the amount of tax gain allocated to T...

26 CFR 1.743-1 - Optional adjustment to basis of partnership property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... acquired partnership interest); and decreased by (iii) The amount of tax gain (including any remedial.... See § 1.460-4(k)(3)(v)(B) for a rule relating to the computation of income or loss that would be... immediately after the hypothetical transaction, decreased by $7,000, the amount of tax gain allocated to T...

26 CFR 1.743-1 - Optional adjustment to basis of partnership property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... acquired partnership interest); and decreased by (iii) The amount of tax gain (including any remedial.... See § 1.460-4(k)(3)(v)(B) for a rule relating to the computation of income or loss that would be... immediately after the hypothetical transaction, decreased by $7,000, the amount of tax gain allocated to T...

26 CFR 1.743-1 - Optional adjustment to basis of partnership property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... acquired partnership interest); and decreased by (iii) The amount of tax gain (including any remedial.... See § 1.460-4(k)(3)(v)(B) for a rule relating to the computation of income or loss that would be... immediately after the hypothetical transaction, decreased by $7,000, the amount of tax gain allocated to T...

26 CFR 1.743-1 - Optional adjustment to basis of partnership property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... acquired partnership interest); and decreased by (iii) The amount of tax gain (including any remedial.... See § 1.460-4(k)(3)(v)(B) for a rule relating to the computation of income or loss that would be... immediately after the hypothetical transaction, decreased by $7,000, the amount of tax gain allocated to T...

77 FR 64915 - Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Atlantic Sea Scallop Fishery; Emergency Rule...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-24

... 2012. This could have negative impacts on recruitment in the short and medium term, and could reduce... protect scallop recruitment and optimize yield. NMFS must extend the emergency measures because the... Scallop FMP (Framework 22) used 2010 survey results to set the allocations for FYs 2011 and 2012. Based on...

75 FR 8327 - Golden Pass Pipeline LLC; Notice of Request Under Blanket Authorization

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-24

... for its actual direct and indirect costs, including direct and allocated overhead, incurred in... Rules (18 CFR 385.214) a motion to intervene or notice of intervention and, pursuant to section 157.205... comments, protests, and interventions via the internet in lieu of paper. See 18 CFR 385.2001(a)(1)(iii) and...

26 CFR 1.861-11T - Special rules for allocating and apportioning interest expense of an affiliated group of...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... limitations on passive income, high withholding interest income, financial services income, shipping income... profits because Z owns less than 10 percent of the stock) which would be considered to generate passive... 10 percent foreign passive. Y deducts its related person interest payment using those apportionment...

Auctions with Dynamic Populations: Efficiency and Revenue Maximization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Said, Maher

We study a stochastic sequential allocation problem with a dynamic population of privately-informed buyers. We characterize the set of efficient allocation rules and show that a dynamic VCG mechanism is both efficient and periodic ex post incentive compatible; we also show that the revenue-maximizing direct mechanism is a pivot mechanism with a reserve price. We then consider sequential ascending auctions in this setting, both with and without a reserve price. We construct equilibrium bidding strategies in this indirect mechanism where bidders reveal their private information in every period, yielding the same outcomes as the direct mechanisms. Thus, the sequential ascending auction is a natural institution for achieving either efficient or optimal outcomes.

Model for the design of distributed data bases

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ram, S.

This research focuses on developing a model to solve the File Allocation Problem (FAP). The model integrates two major design issues, namely Concurrently Control and Data Distribution. The central node locking mechanism is incorporated in developing a nonlinear integer programming model. Two solution algorithms are proposed, one of which was implemented in FORTRAN.V. The allocation of data bases and programs are examined using this heuristic. Several decision rules were also formulated based on the results of the heuristic. A second more comprehensive heuristic was proposed, based on the knapsack problem. The development and implementation of this algorithm has been leftmore » as a topic for future research.« less

The work of accident and emergency nurses: Part I. An introduction to the rules.

PubMed

Sbaih, L

1997-01-01

An ethnomethodological study was undertaken to explore the work of Accident and Emergency nurses, the aim of which was to analyse the ordinary, taken-for-granted and everyday work of those practising A & E nursing. This, the first of two papers, will examine the work of A & E nurses via a description of rules or maxims that underpin work and its everyday organization. Such a description will form the basis for part 2, which explores the specific rules of A & E nursing work. To understand the specific rules and the ways in which they contribute to organization and accomplishment of aspects of the work, the definition and use of rules should be put forward. Defining rules within the context of the work provides a means by which specific rules of work can then be explored. The rules of A & E work ensure that A & E nursing is seen and heard as a specific type of work with its own unique approach to talk and organization. This is tied in with peer and colleague views of what is deemed to be clinical competence within the A & E setting.

How much water flows? Examining water allocations using a mobile decision lab

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Strickert, G. E.; Gober, P.; Bradford, L. E.; Phillips, P.; Ross, J.

2016-12-01

Management of freshwater resources is a complex and multifaceted issues. Big challenges like scarcity, conflicts over water use and access, and ecosystem degradation are widespread around the world. These issues reflects ineffective past practices and signals the need for a fundamental change. Previous actions to mitigate these problems have been incremental rather than innovative, in part because of inherent conservatism in the water management community and an inability to experiment with water allocations in a safe environment. The influence of transboundary water policies was tested using a mobile decision lab which examined three theory areas: limited territorial sovereignty, absolute territorial sovereignty, and shared risk. The experiment allowed people engaged in the water sector to allocate incoming flows to different sectors: agriculture, municipal, industrial and environmental flows in two flow scenarios; slight shortage and extreme water shortage, and to pass on the remaining water to downstream regions. Mandatory sharing 50% of the natural flows between provinces (i.e. limited territorial sovereignty) achieved the most equitable allocation based on water units and points across the three regions. When there were no allocation rules (i.e. absolute territorial sovereignty) the downstream region received significantly less water (e.g. 8-11%. p < 0.001) less water to fulfill its demand. Allowing communication between up and down stream regions (i.e. shared risk) had a negligible affect on the amount of water flowing through the region. It is also notable that most participants sought a trade-off of water allocations, minimizing the allocations to agriculture and industry and prioritizing the municipal sector particularity under the severe drought scenario.

Division of Labor in Two-Earner Homes: Task Accomplishment versus Household Management as Critical Variables in Perceptions about Family Work.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mederer, Helen J.

1993-01-01

Data from 359 married, full-time employed women tested extent to which allocation of tasks and allocation of household management predict perceptions of fairness and conflict. Task and management allocation contributed independently and differently to perceptions of fairness and conflict about housework allocation. Unfairness was predicted by both…

Quantifying The Food And Drug Administration's rulemaking delays highlights the need for transparency.

PubMed

Hwang, Thomas J; Avorn, Jerry; Carpenter, Daniel; Kesselheim, Aaron S

2014-02-01

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) frequently uses its rulemaking process to establish or modify the way it regulates drugs, medical devices, and other medical products. The federal agency's rulemaking is controversial because of its perceived complexity, lack of transparency, and lengthy duration. To shed light on the FDA's rulemaking process, we examined the evolution of significant rules that the agency published during 2000-12 for drugs, devices, and other medical products. We found that the rules' median time to finalization was 7.3 years, with the pre-rule phase and postreview deliberation within the FDA accounting for the majority of that time. Rules that involved mandatory cost-benefit analyses were associated with an additional delay of approximately two years. We also found that longer review times were significantly associated with a reduction in the stringency of final rules, compared to the originally proposed versions. We recommend improving FDA's rulemaking by allocating additional resources to increase efficiency and by embarking on initiatives to promote transparency by the FDA and other parts of the executive branch.

Reorienting the HIV response in Niger toward sex work interventions: from better evidence to targeted and expanded practice.

PubMed

Fraser, Nicole; Kerr, Cliff C; Harouna, Zakou; Alhousseini, Zeinabou; Cheikh, Nejma; Gray, Richard; Shattock, Andrew; Wilson, David P; Haacker, Markus; Shubber, Zara; Masaki, Emiko; Karamoko, Djibrilla; Görgens, Marelize

2015-03-01

Niger's low-burden, sex-work-driven HIV epidemic is situated in a context of high economic and demographic growth. Resource availability of HIV/AIDS has been decreasing recently. In 2007-2012, only 1% of HIV expenditure was for sex work interventions, but an estimated 37% of HIV incidence was directly linked to sex work in 2012. The Government of Niger requested assistance to determine an efficient allocation of its HIV resources and to strengthen HIV programming for sex workers. Optima, an integrated epidemiologic and optimization tool, was applied using local HIV epidemic, demographic, programmatic, expenditure, and cost data. A mathematical optimization algorithm was used to determine the best resource allocation for minimizing HIV incidence and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) over 10 years. Efficient allocation of the available HIV resources, to minimize incidence and DALYs, would increase expenditure for sex work interventions from 1% to 4%-5%, almost double expenditure for antiretroviral treatment and for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission, and reduce expenditure for HIV programs focusing on the general population. Such an investment could prevent an additional 12% of new infections despite a budget of less than half of the 2012 reference year. Most averted infections would arise from increased funding for sex work interventions. This allocative efficiency analysis makes the case for increased investment in sex work interventions to minimize future HIV incidence and DALYs. Optimal HIV resource allocation combined with improved program implementation could have even greater HIV impact. Technical assistance is being provided to make the money invested in sex work programs work better and help Niger to achieve a cost-effective and sustainable HIV response.

Collective credit allocation in science

PubMed Central

Shen, Hua-Wei; Barabási, Albert-László

2014-01-01

Collaboration among researchers is an essential component of the modern scientific enterprise, playing a particularly important role in multidisciplinary research. However, we continue to wrestle with allocating credit to the coauthors of publications with multiple authors, because the relative contribution of each author is difficult to determine. At the same time, the scientific community runs an informal field-dependent credit allocation process that assigns credit in a collective fashion to each work. Here we develop a credit allocation algorithm that captures the coauthors’ contribution to a publication as perceived by the scientific community, reproducing the informal collective credit allocation of science. We validate the method by identifying the authors of Nobel-winning papers that are credited for the discovery, independent of their positions in the author list. The method can also compare the relative impact of researchers working in the same field, even if they did not publish together. The ability to accurately measure the relative credit of researchers could affect many aspects of credit allocation in science, potentially impacting hiring, funding, and promotion decisions. PMID:25114238

A Probability Based Approach for the Allocation of Player Draft Selections in Australian Rules Football

PubMed Central

Anthony, Bedford; Schembri, Adrian J.

2006-01-01

Australian Rules Football, governed by the Australian Football League (AFL) is the most popular winter sport played in Australia. Like North American team based leagues such as the NFL, NBA and NHL, the AFL uses a draft system for rookie players to join a team’s list. The existing method of allocating draft selections in the AFL is simply based on the reverse order of each team’s finishing position for that season, with teams winning less than or equal to 5 regular season matches obtaining an additional early round priority draft pick. Much criticism has been levelled at the existing system since it rewards losing teams and does not encourage poorly performing teams to win matches once their season is effectively over. We propose a probability-based system that allocates a score based on teams that win ‘unimportant’ matches (akin to Carl Morris’ definition of importance). We base the calculation of ‘unimportance’ on the likelihood of a team making the final eight following each round of the season. We then investigate a variety of approaches based on the ‘unimportance’ measure to derive a score for ‘unimportant’ and unlikely wins. We explore derivatives of this system, compare past draft picks with those obtained under our system, and discuss the attractiveness of teams knowing the draft reward for winning each match in a season. Key Points Draft choices are allocated using a probabilistic approach that rewards teams for winning unimportant matches. The method is based upon Carl Morris’ Importance and probabilistic calculations of making the finals. The importance of a match is calculated probabilistically to arrive at a DScore. Higher DScores are weighted towards teams winning unimportant matches which in turn lead to higher draft selections. Provides an alternative to current draft systems that are based on ‘losing to win’. PMID:24357945

An Approach for Transmission Loss and Cost Allocation by Loss Allocation Index and Co-operative Game Theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Khan, Baseem; Agnihotri, Ganga; Mishra, Anuprita S.

2016-03-01

In the present work authors proposed a novel method for transmission loss and cost allocation to users (generators and loads). In the developed methodology transmission losses are allocated to users based on their usage of the transmission line. After usage allocation, particular loss allocation indices (PLAI) are evaluated for loads and generators. Also Cooperative game theory approach is applied for comparison of results. The proposed method is simple and easy to implement on the practical power system. Sample 6 bus and IEEE 14 bus system is used for showing the effectiveness of proposed method.

Optimality versus stability in water resource allocation.

PubMed

Read, Laura; Madani, Kaveh; Inanloo, Bahareh

2014-01-15

Water allocation is a growing concern in a developing world where limited resources like fresh water are in greater demand by more parties. Negotiations over allocations often involve multiple groups with disparate social, economic, and political status and needs, who are seeking a management solution for a wide range of demands. Optimization techniques for identifying the Pareto-optimal (social planner solution) to multi-criteria multi-participant problems are commonly implemented, although often reaching agreement for this solution is difficult. In negotiations with multiple-decision makers, parties who base decisions on individual rationality may find the social planner solution to be unfair, thus creating a need to evaluate the willingness to cooperate and practicality of a cooperative allocation solution, i.e., the solution's stability. This paper suggests seeking solutions for multi-participant resource allocation problems through an economics-based power index allocation method. This method can inform on allocation schemes that quantify a party's willingness to participate in a negotiation rather than opt for no agreement. Through comparison of the suggested method with a range of distance-based multi-criteria decision making rules, namely, least squares, MAXIMIN, MINIMAX, and compromise programming, this paper shows that optimality and stability can produce different allocation solutions. The mismatch between the socially-optimal alternative and the most stable alternative can potentially result in parties leaving the negotiation as they may be too dissatisfied with their resource share. This finding has important policy implications as it justifies why stakeholders may not accept the socially optimal solution in practice, and underlies the necessity of considering stability where it may be more appropriate to give up an unstable Pareto-optimal solution for an inferior stable one. Authors suggest assessing the stability of an allocation solution as an additional component to an analysis that seeks to distribute water in a negotiated process. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Auction Mechanism to Allocate Air Traffic Control Slots

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Raffarin, Marianne

2003-01-01

This article deals with an auction mechanism for airspace slots, as a means of solving the European airspace congestion problem. A disequilibrium, between Air Traffic Control (ATC) services supply and ATC services demand are at the origin of almost one fourth of delays in the air transport industry in Europe. In order to tackle this congestion problem, we suggest modifying both pricing and allocation of ATC services, by setting up an auction mechanism. Objects of the auction will be the right for airlines to cross a part of the airspace, and then to benefit from ATC services over a period corresponding to the necessary time for the crossing. Allocation and payment rules have to be defined according to the objectives of this auction. The auctioneer is the public authority in charge of ATC services, whose aim is to obtain an efficient allocation. Therefore, the social value will be maximized. Another objective is to internalize congestion costs. To that end, we apply the principle of Clarke-Groves mechanism auction: each winner has to pay the externalities imposed on other bidders. The complex context of ATC leads to a specific design for this auction.

Fair sharing of resources in a supply network with constraints.

PubMed

Carvalho, Rui; Buzna, Lubos; Just, Wolfram; Helbing, Dirk; Arrowsmith, David K

2012-04-01

This paper investigates the effect of network topology on the fair allocation of network resources among a set of agents, an all-important issue for the efficiency of transportation networks all around us. We analyze a generic mechanism that distributes network capacity fairly among existing flow demands. The problem can be solved by semianalytical methods on a nearest-neighbor graph with one source and sink pair, when transport occurs over shortest paths. For this setup, we uncover a broad range of patterns of intersecting shortest paths as a function of the distance between the source and the sink. When the number of intersections is the maximum and the distance between the source and the sink is large, we find that a fair allocation implies a decrease of at least 50% from the maximum throughput. We also find that the histogram of the flow allocations assigned to the agents decays as a power law with exponent -1. Our semianalytical framework suggests possible explanations for the well-known reduction of the throughput in fair allocations. It also suggests that the combination of network topology and routing rules can lead to highly uneven (but fair) distributions of resources, a remark of caution to network designers.

Fair sharing of resources in a supply network with constraints

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Carvalho, Rui; Buzna, Lubos; Just, Wolfram; Helbing, Dirk; Arrowsmith, David K.

2012-04-01

This paper investigates the effect of network topology on the fair allocation of network resources among a set of agents, an all-important issue for the efficiency of transportation networks all around us. We analyze a generic mechanism that distributes network capacity fairly among existing flow demands. The problem can be solved by semianalytical methods on a nearest-neighbor graph with one source and sink pair, when transport occurs over shortest paths. For this setup, we uncover a broad range of patterns of intersecting shortest paths as a function of the distance between the source and the sink. When the number of intersections is the maximum and the distance between the source and the sink is large, we find that a fair allocation implies a decrease of at least 50% from the maximum throughput. We also find that the histogram of the flow allocations assigned to the agents decays as a power law with exponent -1. Our semianalytical framework suggests possible explanations for the well-known reduction of the throughput in fair allocations. It also suggests that the combination of network topology and routing rules can lead to highly uneven (but fair) distributions of resources, a remark of caution to network designers.

78 FR 35334 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; The Fixed Income Clearing Corporation; Order Granting Approval of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-12

...'') each use the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve's (``FRB'') National Settlement Service (``NSS... NSS service by FICC. Pursuant to the GSD and MBSD rules, if FICC receives an FRB indemnity claim, FICC... which FICC should allocate an indemnity claim made in connection with the use of the FRB's NSS. The MBSD...

76 FR 45895 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; EDGX Exchange, Inc.; Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-01

... Internet website at http://www.directedge.com . \\3\\ A Member is any registered broker or dealer, or any... of Section 6(b)(4),\\7\\ in particular, as it is designed to provide for the equitable allocation of... post all comments on the Commission's Internet website ( http://www.sec.gov/rules/sro.shtml ). Copies...

26 CFR 1.734-1 - Optional adjustment to basis of undistributed partnership property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... partner. See § 1.460-4(k)(2)(iv)(D) for a rule determining the partnership's basis in a long-term contract accounted for under a long-term contract method of accounting. The provisions of this paragraph (b)(1) are... which the adjustment has been allocated. (e) Recovery of adjustments to basis of partnership property—(1...

26 CFR 1.904(g)-3 - Ordering rules for the allocation of net operating losses, net capital losses, U.S. source losses...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... of separate limitation losses, overall foreign losses, and overall domestic losses. 1.904(g)-3 Section 1.904(g)-3 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Income from Sources Without the United States § 1.904(g...

26 CFR 1.904(g)-3 - Ordering rules for the allocation of net operating losses, net capital losses, U.S. source losses...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... of separate limitation losses, overall foreign losses, and overall domestic losses. 1.904(g)-3 Section 1.904(g)-3 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Income from Sources Without the United States § 1.904(g)-3 Ordering...

26 CFR 1.904(g)-3 - Ordering rules for the allocation of net operating losses, net capital losses, U.S. source losses...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... recapture of separate limitation losses, overall foreign losses, and overall domestic losses. 1.904(g)-3 Section 1.904(g)-3 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Income from Sources Without the United States § 1.904(g...

26 CFR 1.904(g)-3 - Ordering rules for the allocation of net operating losses, net capital losses, U.S. source losses...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... of separate limitation losses, overall foreign losses, and overall domestic losses. 1.904(g)-3 Section 1.904(g)-3 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Income from Sources Without the United States § 1.904(g...

26 CFR 1.904(g)-3 - Ordering rules for the allocation of net operating losses, net capital losses, U.S. source losses...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... recapture of separate limitation losses, overall foreign losses, and overall domestic losses. 1.904(g)-3 Section 1.904(g)-3 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Income from Sources Without the United States § 1.904(g...

26 CFR 1.861-9T - Allocation and apportionment of interest expense (temporary).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... approach recognizes that all activities and property require funds and that management has a great deal of... sale of certain receivables—(1) General rule. Any loss on the sale of a trade receivable (as defined in... sale of the receivable, it bears interest at a rate which is at least 120 percent of the short term...

76 FR 18591 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE Amex LLC; Notice of Filing of Proposed Rule Change Relating...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-04

...'s Public Reference Room, on the Commission's Web site at http://www.sec.gov , and on http://www.nyse... periods or (iii) such Founding Firm's entry into certain economic arrangements as further detailed below... Class A Common Interests, the product of (w) the Aggregate Class A Economic Allocation multiplied by (x...

26 CFR 1.1446-1 - Withholding tax on foreign partners' share of effectively connected taxable income.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... partnerships, see § 1.1446-4. For special rules applicable to tiered partnership structures, see § 1.1446-5... its 1446 tax), foreign corporation (which includes a foreign government pursuant to section 892(a)(3... partnership must generally pay 1446 tax on ECTI allocable to a foreign corporate partner that has made an...

75 FR 23615 - Magnuson-Stevens Act Provisions; Fisheries off West Coast States; Pacific Coast Groundfish...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-04

... Access This final rule is accessible via the Internet at the Office of the Federal Register's Web site at... Pacific Fishery Management Council's Web site at http://www.pcouncil.org/ . Background The Pacific Coast... off the U.S. West Coast). The Council's Catch Sharing Plan (CSP) guides allocation of the Area 2A...

26 CFR 1.593-8 - Allocation of pre-1952 surplus to opening balance of reserve for losses on qualifying real...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... taxable year beginning before January 1, 1952 (including any amount acquired from another taxpayer), minus...) Impairment of surplus, undivided profits, and reserves—(1) General rule. In the case of a taxable year beginning after December 31, 1951, and ending before January 1, 1963, if for such year: (i) The amount...

26 CFR 1.593-8 - Allocation of pre-1952 surplus to opening balance of reserve for losses on qualifying real...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... taxable year beginning before January 1, 1952 (including any amount acquired from another taxpayer), minus...) Impairment of surplus, undivided profits, and reserves—(1) General rule. In the case of a taxable year beginning after December 31, 1951, and ending before January 1, 1963, if for such year: (i) The amount...

26 CFR 1.593-8 - Allocation of pre-1952 surplus to opening balance of reserve for losses on qualifying real...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... taxable year beginning before January 1, 1952 (including any amount acquired from another taxpayer), minus...) Impairment of surplus, undivided profits, and reserves—(1) General rule. In the case of a taxable year beginning after December 31, 1951, and ending before January 1, 1963, if for such year: (i) The amount...

Satisfaction, valuation, and views toward allocation of Vermont goose hunting opportunities

Treesearch

Ronald J. Glass; Thomas A. More; Thomas A. More

1992-01-01

A survey of goose hunters on a limited access area, Dead Creek Goose Management Area, in Vermont, was conducted during the fall of 1987. Respondents appeared well adapted to the structured hunting environment and agreed with most of the special rules and regulations. The current lottery system was favored over "first-come, first-served" and market pricing as...

78 FR 69509 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; BATS Exchange, Inc.; Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-19

... of daily financial rewards on the number of SET Credits awarded to CLPs; (3) change the allocation of the daily financial rewards to a set dollar value per CLP in each class of security; and (4) make... Daily Financial Rewards The Exchange is also proposing to amend its Rules in order to base the...

78 FR 18384 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; BATS Exchange, Inc.; Order Approving Proposed Rule Change To...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-26

... rewards would go to the market maker with the highest number of winning tests and 20% of the total rewards... to allocate the rewards differently. Instead of a fixed dollar amount, the Exchange would reward the... and to perfect the mechanism for a free and open market and a national market system, and, in general...

40 CFR Appendix A to Part 97 - Final Section 126 Rule: EGU Allocations, 2004-2007

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... NC L V SUTTON 2713 3 717 NC L V SUTTON 2713 CT2B 2 NC LEE 2709 1 129 NC LEE 2709 2 142 NC LEE 2709 3 414 NC LEE 2709 CT4 1 NC LINCOLN 7277 1 33 NC LINCOLN 7277 10 31 NC LINCOLN 7277 11 33 NC LINCOLN 7277...

The role of U.S. states in facilitating effective water governance under stress and change

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kirchhoff, Christine J.; Dilling, Lisa

2016-04-01

Worldwide water governance failures undermine effective water management under uncertainty and change. Overcoming these failures requires employing more adaptive, resilient water management approaches; yet, while scholars have advance theory of what adaptive, resilient approaches should be, there is little empirical evidence to support those normative propositions. To fill this gap, we reviewed the literature to derive theorized characteristics of adaptive, resilient water governance including knowledge generation and use, participation, clear rules for water use, and incorporating nonstationarity. Then, using interviews and documentary analysis focused on five U.S. states' allocation and planning approaches, we examined empirically if embodying these characteristics made states more (or less) adaptive and resilient in practice. We found that adaptive, resilient water governance requires not just possessing these characteristics but combining and building on them. That is, adaptive, resilient water governance requires well-funded, transparent knowledge systems combined with broad, multilevel participatory processes that support learning, strong institutional arrangements that establish authorities and rules and that allow flexibility as conditions change, and resources for integrated planning and allocation. We also found that difficulty incorporating climate change or altering existing water governance paradigms and inadequate funding of water programs undermine adaptive, resilient governance.

17 CFR 256.01-11 - Methods of allocation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...) UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR MUTUAL SERVICE COMPANIES AND SUBSIDIARY SERVICE COMPANIES, PUBLIC UTILITY HOLDING COMPANY ACT OF 1935 General Instructions § 256.01-11 Methods of allocation. Indirect costs and compensation for use of capital shall be allocated to work orders in accordance with the service company's...

Sex allocation theory reveals a hidden cost of neonicotinoid exposure in a parasitoid wasp

PubMed Central

Whitehorn, Penelope R.; Cook, Nicola; Blackburn, Charlotte V.; Gill, Sophie M.; Green, Jade; Shuker, David M.

2015-01-01

Sex allocation theory has proved to be one the most successful theories in evolutionary ecology. However, its role in more applied aspects of ecology has been limited. Here we show how sex allocation theory helps uncover an otherwise hidden cost of neonicotinoid exposure in the parasitoid wasp Nasonia vitripennis. Female N. vitripennis allocate the sex of their offspring in line with Local Mate Competition (LMC) theory. Neonicotinoids are an economically important class of insecticides, but their deployment remains controversial, with evidence linking them to the decline of beneficial species. We demonstrate for the first time to our knowledge, that neonicotinoids disrupt the crucial reproductive behaviour of facultative sex allocation at sub-lethal, field-relevant doses in N. vitripennis. The quantitative predictions we can make from LMC theory show that females exposed to neonicotinoids are less able to allocate sex optimally and that this failure imposes a significant fitness cost. Our work highlights that understanding the ecological consequences of neonicotinoid deployment requires not just measures of mortality or even fecundity reduction among non-target species, but also measures that capture broader fitness costs, in this case offspring sex allocation. Our work also highlights new avenues for exploring how females obtain information when allocating sex under LMC. PMID:25925105

Working Memory in the Service of Executive Control Functions.

PubMed

Mansouri, Farshad A; Rosa, Marcello G P; Atapour, Nafiseh

2015-01-01

Working memory is a type of short-term memory which has a crucial cognitive function that supports ongoing and upcoming behaviors, allowing storage of information across delay periods. The content of this memory may typically include tangible information about features such as the shape, color or texture of an object, and its location and motion relative to the body, as well as phonological information. The neural correlate of working memory has been found in different brain areas that are involved in organizing perceptual or motor functions. In particular, neuronal activity in prefrontal areas encodes task-related information corresponding to working memory across delay periods, and lesions in the prefrontal cortex severely affect the ability to retain this type of memory. Recent studies have further expanded the scope and possible role of working memory by showing that information of a more abstract nature (including a behavior-guiding rule, or the occurrence of a conflict in information processing) can also be maintained in short-term memory, and used for adjusting the allocation of executive control in dynamic environments. It has also been shown that neuronal activity in the prefrontal cortex encodes and maintains information about such abstract entities. These findings suggest that the prefrontal cortex plays crucial roles in the organization of goal-directed behavior by supporting many different mnemonic processes, which maintain a wide range of information required for the executive control of ongoing and upcoming behaviors.

The Organ Allocation Controversy: How Did We Arrive Here?

PubMed Central

Van Meter, Clifford H.

1999-01-01

The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) recently issued a final regulation governing the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) that directs the allocation of organs to the sickest patients first without regard to a host of medical, geographic, and social factors that members of the transplant community view as an essential part of a sound organ allocation policy. Current organ allocation mechanisms are based on policies that reflect a broad consensus of medical experts and provide equal consideration for both the needs of the sickest patients and the efficient use of organs. This system also reduces potential waste of organs by minimizing cold ischemic time, increases access to transplantation for patients in local communities, provides positive incentives for local citizens and medical professionals to support organ donation initiatives, and decreases the cost of organ transplantation. Representatives of the American Society of Transplant Surgeons have testified before Congress that “giving priority to the sickest patients first over broad geographic areas would be wasteful and dangerous, resulting in fewer patients transplanted, increased death rates, increased retransplantation due to poor organ function, and increased overall cost of transplantation.” In response, Congress enacted a 1-year moratorium on the implementation of the HHS rule and provided for a study of the current organ allocation policy and HHS regulation by The Institute of Medicine. PMID:21845113

Econophysics of a ranked demand and supply resource allocation problem

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Priel, Avner; Tamir, Boaz

2018-01-01

We present a two sided resource allocation problem, between demands and supplies, where both parties are ranked. For example, in Big Data problems where a set of different computational tasks is divided between a set of computers each with its own resources, or between employees and employers where both parties are ranked, the employees by their fitness and the employers by their package benefits. The allocation process can be viewed as a repeated game where in each iteration the strategy is decided by a meta-rule, based on the ranks of both parties and the results of the previous games. We show the existence of a phase transition between an absorbing state, where all demands are satisfied, and an active one where part of the demands are always left unsatisfied. The phase transition is governed by the ratio between supplies and demand. In a job allocation problem we find positive correlation between the rank of the workers and the rank of the factories; higher rank workers are usually allocated to higher ranked factories. These all suggest global emergent properties stemming from local variables. To demonstrate the global versus local relations, we introduce a local inertial force that increases the rank of employees in proportion to their persistence time in the same factory. We show that such a local force induces non trivial global effects, mostly to benefit the lower ranked employees.

English-only work rules: balancing fair employment considerations in a multicultural and multilingual healthcare workforce.

PubMed

Fink, R L; Robinson, R K; Wyld, D C

1996-01-01

Most healthcare organizations are currently or will shortly be composed of a multicultural and multilingual workforce. In attempting to manage such diverse workforces. English-only work rules may be necessary to ensure effective communication among workers. However, care must be taken to insure that the employees' rights to free speech and a harassment-free workplace are not infringed by utilizing English-only work rules. This article attempts to assist the healthcare manager in dealing with the legal aspects of English-only work rules. Specifically, an examination of two legal cases is provided to illustrate the various legal aspects of such work rules. Also, suggestions are offered as to how and when, or when not, to implement English-only work rule in order to avoid possible liability.

Working memory capacity accounts for the ability to switch between object-based and location-based allocation of visual attention.

PubMed

Bleckley, M Kathryn; Foster, Jeffrey L; Engle, Randall W

2015-04-01

Bleckley, Durso, Crutchfield, Engle, and Khanna (Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 10, 884-889, 2003) found that visual attention allocation differed between groups high or low in working memory capacity (WMC). High-span, but not low-span, subjects showed an invalid-cue cost during a letter localization task in which the letter appeared closer to fixation than the cue, but not when the letter appeared farther from fixation than the cue. This suggests that low-spans allocated attention as a spotlight, whereas high-spans allocated their attention to objects. In this study, we tested whether utilizing object-based visual attention is a resource-limited process that is difficult for low-span individuals. In the first experiment, we tested the uses of object versus location-based attention with high and low-span subjects, with half of the subjects completing a demanding secondary load task. Under load, high-spans were no longer able to use object-based visual attention. A second experiment supported the hypothesis that these differences in allocation were due to high-spans using object-based allocation, whereas low-spans used location-based allocation.

A Two-Phase Model of Resource Allocation in Visual Working Memory

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ye, Chaoxiong; Hu, Zhonghua; Li, Hong; Ristaniemi, Tapani; Liu, Qiang; Liu, Taosheng

2017-01-01

Two broad theories of visual working memory (VWM) storage have emerged from current research, a discrete slot-based theory and a continuous resource theory. However, neither the discrete slot-based theory or continuous resource theory clearly stipulates how the mental commodity for VWM (discrete slot or continuous resource) is allocated.…

Faculty Time Allocations and Research Productivity: Gender, Race, and Family Effects.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bellas, Marcia L.; Toutkoushian, Robert K.

1999-01-01

A study using data from 14,614 full-time faculty examined total work hours, research productivity, and allocation of work time among teaching, research, and service. The study found variation in time expenditures and research output influenced by gender, race/ethnicity, and marital/parental status, but findings were also sensitive to definitions…

Consultation sequencing of a hospital with multiple service points using genetic programming

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Morikawa, Katsumi; Takahashi, Katsuhiko; Nagasawa, Keisuke

2018-07-01

A hospital with one consultation room operated by a physician and several examination rooms is investigated. Scheduled patients and walk-ins arrive at the hospital, each patient goes to the consultation room first, and some of them visit other service points before consulting the physician again. The objective function consists of the sum of three weighted average waiting times. The problem of sequencing patients for consultation is focused. To alleviate the stress of waiting, the consultation sequence is displayed. A dispatching rule is used to decide the sequence, and best rules are explored by genetic programming (GP). The simulation experiments indicate that the rules produced by GP can be reduced to simple permutations of queues, and the best permutation depends on the weight used in the objective function. This implies that a balanced allocation of waiting times can be achieved by ordering the priority among three queues.

Improved water allocation utilizing probabilistic climate forecasts: Short-term water contracts in a risk management framework

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sankarasubramanian, A.; Lall, Upmanu; Souza Filho, Francisco Assis; Sharma, Ashish

2009-11-01

Probabilistic, seasonal to interannual streamflow forecasts are becoming increasingly available as the ability to model climate teleconnections is improving. However, water managers and practitioners have been slow to adopt such products, citing concerns with forecast skill. Essentially, a management risk is perceived in "gambling" with operations using a probabilistic forecast, while a system failure upon following existing operating policies is "protected" by the official rules or guidebook. In the presence of a prescribed system of prior allocation of releases under different storage or water availability conditions, the manager has little incentive to change. Innovation in allocation and operation is hence key to improved risk management using such forecasts. A participatory water allocation process that can effectively use probabilistic forecasts as part of an adaptive management strategy is introduced here. Users can express their demand for water through statements that cover the quantity needed at a particular reliability, the temporal distribution of the "allocation," the associated willingness to pay, and compensation in the event of contract nonperformance. The water manager then assesses feasible allocations using the probabilistic forecast that try to meet these criteria across all users. An iterative process between users and water manager could be used to formalize a set of short-term contracts that represent the resulting prioritized water allocation strategy over the operating period for which the forecast was issued. These contracts can be used to allocate water each year/season beyond long-term contracts that may have precedence. Thus, integrated supply and demand management can be achieved. In this paper, a single period multiuser optimization model that can support such an allocation process is presented. The application of this conceptual model is explored using data for the Jaguaribe Metropolitan Hydro System in Ceara, Brazil. The performance relative to the current allocation process is assessed in the context of whether such a model could support the proposed short-term contract based participatory process. A synthetic forecasting example is also used to explore the relative roles of forecast skill and reservoir storage in this framework.

75 FR 502 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Chicago Board Options Exchange, Incorporated; Order Approving...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-05

... electronic matching algorithm from CBOE Rule 6.45B shall apply to SAL executions (e.g., pro-rata, price-time... entitlement when the pro-rata algorithm is in effect for SAL in selected Hybrid 3.0 classes as part of a pilot... what it would have been under the pre-pilot allocation algorithm. The Exchange will reduce the DPM/LMM...

78 FR 18386 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NASDAQ OMX PHLX LLC; Notice of Filing of Proposed Rule Change To...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-26

... allocating the execution of incoming orders against orders resting on the PSX book.\\4\\ Phlx anticipated that... arrive on the book is executed first. (3) Non-Displayed Orders and the Reserve Portion of Quotes \\5\\ and... Orders, the first to arrive on the books is executed first. \\5\\ As discussed below, PSX will introduce...

76 FR 13249 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE Amex LLC; Notice of Filing of Proposed Rule Change Amending...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-10

... believes that the decision as to how the stock of a post-merger listed company is allocated should be made... two NYSE Amex listed companies merge, the post-merger listed company is assigned to the DMM in the... chief executive officer and a majority of the board of directors of the post-merger listed company. The...

77 FR 51073 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NASDAQ OMX PHLX LLC; Notice of Filing of Proposed Rule Change To...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-23

... liquidity in a transparent market environment. As among equally priced orders on the PSX book, PSX allocates... against the PSX book.\\3\\ No information about the receipt of an incoming marketable order will be provided... unexecuted shares will be cancelled back to the member, routed, or posted to the book as applicable. As is...

A Bayesian Hybrid Adaptive Randomisation Design for Clinical Trials with Survival Outcomes.

PubMed

Moatti, M; Chevret, S; Zohar, S; Rosenberger, W F

2016-01-01

Response-adaptive randomisation designs have been proposed to improve the efficiency of phase III randomised clinical trials and improve the outcomes of the clinical trial population. In the setting of failure time outcomes, Zhang and Rosenberger (2007) developed a response-adaptive randomisation approach that targets an optimal allocation, based on a fixed sample size. The aim of this research is to propose a response-adaptive randomisation procedure for survival trials with an interim monitoring plan, based on the following optimal criterion: for fixed variance of the estimated log hazard ratio, what allocation minimizes the expected hazard of failure? We demonstrate the utility of the design by redesigning a clinical trial on multiple myeloma. To handle continuous monitoring of data, we propose a Bayesian response-adaptive randomisation procedure, where the log hazard ratio is the effect measure of interest. Combining the prior with the normal likelihood, the mean posterior estimate of the log hazard ratio allows derivation of the optimal target allocation. We perform a simulation study to assess and compare the performance of this proposed Bayesian hybrid adaptive design to those of fixed, sequential or adaptive - either frequentist or fully Bayesian - designs. Non informative normal priors of the log hazard ratio were used, as well as mixture of enthusiastic and skeptical priors. Stopping rules based on the posterior distribution of the log hazard ratio were computed. The method is then illustrated by redesigning a phase III randomised clinical trial of chemotherapy in patients with multiple myeloma, with mixture of normal priors elicited from experts. As expected, there was a reduction in the proportion of observed deaths in the adaptive vs. non-adaptive designs; this reduction was maximized using a Bayes mixture prior, with no clear-cut improvement by using a fully Bayesian procedure. The use of stopping rules allows a slight decrease in the observed proportion of deaths under the alternate hypothesis compared with the adaptive designs with no stopping rules. Such Bayesian hybrid adaptive survival trials may be promising alternatives to traditional designs, reducing the duration of survival trials, as well as optimizing the ethical concerns for patients enrolled in the trial.

Reading Time Allocation Strategies and Working Memory Using Rapid Serial Visual Presentation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Busler, Jessica N.; Lazarte, Alejandro A.

2017-01-01

Rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) is a useful method for controlling the timing of text presentations and studying how readers' characteristics, such as working memory (WM) and reading strategies for time allocation, influence text recall. In the current study, a modified version of RSVP (Moving Window RSVP [MW-RSVP]) was used to induce…

The evolution of PBMA: towards a macro-level priority setting framework for health regions.

PubMed

Mitton, Craig R; Donaldson, Cam; Waldner, Howard; Eagle, Chris

2003-11-01

To date, relatively little work on priority setting has been carried out at a macro-level across major portfolios within integrated health care organizations. This paper describes a macro marginal analysis (MMA) process for setting priorities and allocating resources in health authorities, based on work carried out in a major urban health region in Alberta, Canada. MMA centers around an expert working group of managers and clinicians who are charged with identifying areas for resource re-allocation on an ongoing basis. Trade-offs between services are based on locally defined criteria and are informed by multiple inputs such as evidence from the literature and local expert opinion. The approach is put forth as a significant improvement on historical resource allocation patterns.

Individual differences in working memory capacity predict visual attention allocation.

PubMed

Bleckley, M Kathryn; Durso, Francis T; Crutchfield, Jerry M; Engle, Randall W; Khanna, Maya M

2003-12-01

To the extent that individual differences in working memory capacity (WMC) reflect differences in attention (Baddeley, 1993; Engle, Kane, & Tuholski, 1999), differences in WMC should predict performance on visual attention tasks. Individuals who scored in the upper and lower quartiles on the OSPAN working memory test performed a modification of Egly and Homa's (1984) selective attention task. In this task, the participants identified a central letter and localized a displaced letter flashed somewhere on one of three concentric rings. When the displaced letter occurred closer to fixation than the cue implied, high-WMC, but not low-WMC, individuals showed a cost in the letter localization task. This suggests that low-WMC participants allocated attention as a spotlight, whereas those with high WMC showed flexible allocation.

Parallel machine architecture for production rule systems

DOEpatents

Allen, Jr., John D.; Butler, Philip L.

1989-01-01

A parallel processing system for production rule programs utilizes a host processor for storing production rule right hand sides (RHS) and a plurality of rule processors for storing left hand sides (LHS). The rule processors operate in parallel in the recognize phase of the system recognize -Act Cycle to match their respective LHS's against a stored list of working memory elements (WME) in order to find a self consistent set of WME's. The list of WME is dynamically varied during the Act phase of the system in which the host executes or fires rule RHS's for those rules for which a self-consistent set has been found by the rule processors. The host transmits instructions for creating or deleting working memory elements as dictated by the rule firings until the rule processors are unable to find any further self-consistent working memory element sets at which time the production rule system is halted.

Study of network resource allocation based on market and game theoretic mechanism

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Yingmei; Wang, Hongwei; Wang, Gang

2004-04-01

We work on the network resource allocation issue concerning network management system function based on market-oriented mechanism. The scheme is to model the telecommunication network resources as trading goods in which the various network components could be owned by different competitive, real-world entities. This is a multidisciplinary framework concentrating on the similarity between resource allocation in network environment and the market mechanism in economic theory. By taking an economic (market-based and game theoretic) approach in routing of communication network, we study the dynamic behavior under game-theoretic framework in allocating network resources. Based on the prior work of Gibney and Jennings, we apply concepts of utility and fitness to the market mechanism with an intention to close the gap between experiment environment and real world situation.

Sex allocation theory reveals a hidden cost of neonicotinoid exposure in a parasitoid wasp.

PubMed

Whitehorn, Penelope R; Cook, Nicola; Blackburn, Charlotte V; Gill, Sophie M; Green, Jade; Shuker, David M

2015-05-22

Sex allocation theory has proved to be one the most successful theories in evolutionary ecology. However, its role in more applied aspects of ecology has been limited. Here we show how sex allocation theory helps uncover an otherwise hidden cost of neonicotinoid exposure in the parasitoid wasp Nasonia vitripennis. Female N. vitripennis allocate the sex of their offspring in line with Local Mate Competition (LMC) theory. Neonicotinoids are an economically important class of insecticides, but their deployment remains controversial, with evidence linking them to the decline of beneficial species. We demonstrate for the first time to our knowledge, that neonicotinoids disrupt the crucial reproductive behaviour of facultative sex allocation at sub-lethal, field-relevant doses in N. vitripennis. The quantitative predictions we can make from LMC theory show that females exposed to neonicotinoids are less able to allocate sex optimally and that this failure imposes a significant fitness cost. Our work highlights that understanding the ecological consequences of neonicotinoid deployment requires not just measures of mortality or even fecundity reduction among non-target species, but also measures that capture broader fitness costs, in this case offspring sex allocation. Our work also highlights new avenues for exploring how females obtain information when allocating sex under LMC. © 2015 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved.

An intervention that reduces stress in people who combine work with informal care: randomized controlled trial results.

PubMed

Boezeman, Edwin J; Nieuwenhuijsen, Karen; Sluiter, Judith K

2018-06-01

The aim of the research was to examine whether a role-focused self-help course intervention would decrease caregiver stress and distress, and functioning problems, among people who suffer stress because they combine paid work with informal care. A pre-registered (NTR 5528) randomized controlled design was applied (intervention vs. wait list control). Participants (n = 128) were people who had paid work and were suffering stress due to their involvement in informal care activities. Participants allocated to the intervention group (n = 65) received the role-focused self-help course. Control group members (n = 63) received this intervention after all measurements. Prior to the random allocation (pre-test), and 1 month (post-test 1) and 2 months (post-test 2) after allocation, all participants completed a questionnaire that measured their caregiver stress (primary outcome), distress, work functioning, negative care-to-work interference and negative care-to-social and personal life interference. Mixed model ANOVAs were used to test the effectiveness of the intervention. Two months after allocation, the intervention group participants had lower levels of caregiver stress and distress compared with the control group participants. The intervention did not directly resolve impaired work functioning or interference of care with work and social/personal life. The intervention decreases caregiver stress and distress in people who suffer stress because they combine paid work with informal caring. The intervention (Dutch version) can be downloaded at no cost from www.amc.nl/mantelzorgstress.

To stop or not to stop, that's the question: about persistence and mood of workaholics and work engaged employees.

PubMed

Van Wijhe, Corine I; Peeters, Maria C W; Schaufeli, Wilmar B

2011-12-01

Although workaholics and work engaged employees both work long hours, they seem to have a different underlying motivation to do so. The mood as input model might offer an explanation for the difference in work persistence of these employees. This model suggests that the interplay of mood and "persistence rules" (enough and enjoyment rules) may lead to different kinds of persistence mechanisms. The aims of this study are to present a scale for measuring persistence rules, the Work Persistence rules Checklist (WoPeC), to analyze its psychometric properties and to test the mood as input model in relationship with workaholism and work engagement. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. Results of a confirmatory factor analysis in study 1 provided support for the hypothesized factor structure of the WoPeC. In study 2, it appeared that the use of an enough and an enjoyment rule for determining when to continue working is related to workaholism and work engagement, respectively. Furthermore, it was hypothesized and found that negative mood is related to workaholism, whereas positive mood is associated with work engagement. The expected interactions between mood and persistence rules on workaholism and work engagement were not demonstrated. Mood and persistence rules seem relevant for explaining the difference between workaholism and work engagement.